{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3471", "width": "2384", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2253", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2191", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "WILLI A 1 D. BARGE,\\nCHICAGO.\\nHISTORY\\n*2 u\\\\j\\nof 2 2 f\\nVERMILION COUNTY,\\nTOGETHER WITH\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST,\\nGLEANED FROM EARLY AUTHORS, OLD MAPS AND MANUSCRIPTS,\\nPRIVATE AND OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, AND OTHER\\nAUTHENTIC, THOUGH, FOR THE MOST PART,\\nOUT-OF-THE-WAY SOURCES.\\nBy H. W. BECKWITH,\\nOf the Danville Bar Corresponding Member or the Historical Societies of\\nWisconsin and Chicago.\\nWITH MAP AND. ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nCHICAGO:\\nH. H. HILI/jAND COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.\\n1879.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "4 /Si\\n01\\nCopyright, 1879.\\nBy H. W. BECKWITH AND SON.\\nI KIIISHT I LEcilARD. 1", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nIn the following pages the writer has limited himself, for the most part, to the ter-\\nritory watered by the Illinois, the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, the Maumee and the\\nWabash rivers. He has chosen to do so to the end that the early history of the country\\ntreated of might be the more fully considered. The topographical features of, and the\\nmilitary and civil events occurring in, localities beyond these limits have been noticed\\nonly in so far as they are directly connected with, or tend to illustrate the field occu-\\npied.\\nIt has been an aim of the writer to perpetuate the history of the relations which the\\ndiscovery and early commerce of the northwest has sustained to its peculiar topograph-\\nical features. Nature made the routes and pointed out the means of our inland com-\\nmunication. The first explorations of the northwest were made by way of the lakes,\\nthe Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, the St. Josephs of Lake Michigan, the Illinois River\\nand Chicago Creek, the Maumee and the Wabash and their connecting portages.\\nThese were also the routes by which the first commerce was carried on. Formerly the\\ncountry was a wilderness of forests and prairies, and the abode of wild animals and the\\nwild men who hunted them for their furs and skins, which were the only commodities\\nfor export. In the progress of time the fur-bearing animals and the Indians have dis-\\nappeared. The wilderness has been subdued, and the products of its cultivated fields\\nnow find their way to the marts of Europe. The canoe which carried the furs and pel-\\ntries to tide water gave way to the canal boat, and the canal boat has been supplanted\\nby the steamer and the railway car. The routes hare always remained essentially the\\nsame. They have merely been enlarged and perfected from time to time, to meet the\\never-increasing demands of the west in the successive stages of its development.\\nThe country drained by the rivers we have named is rich in the poesy and romance\\nof history, reaching back nearly two centuries in the past, where the outlines of\\nwritten records fade away in the twilight and charm tradition. By the routes we have\\nnamed came the Jesuit Fathers, with crucifix and altar, bearing the truths of Chris-\\ntianity to distant and savage tribes. Along these routes passed the Coureurs-de-bois\\nand the Voyageurs, gay and happy sons of France with knives, guns, blankets and\\ntrinkets to exchange with the Indians for products of the chase. Following the\\ntraders came French colonists, who, on their way from Canada to Louisiana, passed\\nup the Maumee and down the Wabash, nearly three-quarters of a century before the\\nDeclaration of Independence was proclaimed.\\nAlong these streams were the villages of the most powerful Indian confederacies.\\nIt was but natural that they should defend their country against the encroachment of\\nanother race; and the strife between the two for its possession furnishes material for\\nmany thrilling events in its history. In treating of the Indians, the writer has had no\\ntheories to advocate or morbid sentiments to gratify; he has only quoted what he has\\nfound in volumes regarded as standard authorities, without prejudice in favor or\\nagainst this people. They have given away before an inexorable law, the severity of\\nwhich could have been only modified at best. The writer believes the dominant race,\\nout of their love for truth, will accord the Indian that even-handed justice to which he", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 PREFACE.\\nis historically entitled. Our knowledge of this people is fragmentary at best. They\\nkept no records, and have no historians. All we know of them is to be found in the\\nwritings of persons who, if not their open enemies, at least had little interest in doing\\nthem justice. As a rule, early travelers have only alluded in an incidental way to the\\naboriginal inhabitants, or their manners and customs. We know, at best, but very\\nlittle of the Indians who formerly occupied the country east of the Mississippi. They\\nhave passed away, and the information that has been preserved concerning them is so\\nscattered through the volumes of authors who have written from other motives, and at\\ndifferent dates or of different nations, without taking thought to discriminate, that\\nanything like a satisfactory account of a particular tribe is not attainable. However,\\nthe writer has in the following pages given the result of his gleanings over a wide\\nfield of authors, French, English and American, so far as they relate to the several\\ntribes who formerly occupied that portion of the Northwest to which the attention of\\nthe reader has been called. The writer has preserved the aboriginal, as well as the\\nFrench and early English names of the lakes, rivers, Indian villages and other locali-\\nties possessing historical interest, whenever attainable from books, maps or manu-\\nscripts to which he has had access.\\nCommercial enterprise led to the exploration of the northwest. It was competition\\nfor the fur trade between rival races, the French and the Anglo-Saxon, that produced\\nthe collision between the subjects of the two colonies in America, that finally cul-\\nminated in a war between France and England, aided by their respective colonies,\\nthat resulted in the loss of the whole Mississippi valley to its first discoverers. It was\\na desire to retain control of the fur trade that contributed largely to the bitterness of\\nthe Indian border wars that commenced as soon as emigration began to extend itself\\nwest of the Alleganies; and the same cause prolonged the Indian troubles for years\\nafter the country had ceased to be a part of the dominion of either France or Great\\nBritain.\\nBeginning with the mission work of the Jesuit Fathei-s on the southern shore of\\nLake Superior, in 16G0, and extending down to 1800, but little is known of the country\\nlying north and west of the Ohio river; and the meagre material is only to be found in\\nantiquated books and maps long out of print, or in manuscript correspondence of\\na private or official character, none of which is accessible to the general reader. It is\\nchiefly from these sources that most of the matter contained in the present volume has\\nbeen collated. As far as practicable the writer has preferred to introduce his author-\\nities upon the stand and let them tell their stories in their own language, leaving the\\nreaders to draw their own conclusions from what the witnesses have stated. Wherevei;\\nattainable, original sources of information are given.\\nBesides such authors as Hennepin, Charlevoix and the invaluable translations and\\ncontributions of Dr. John G. Shea, the writer has availed himself freely of the Jesuit\\nRelations and the publications of the historical societies of Louisiana, Pennsylvania,\\nMassachusetts, New York and Wisconsin.\\nThe writer is conscious that his task, voluntarily assumed, has been but indifferently\\nperformed. H. W. B.\\nDanville, III., Nov. 5, 1879.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nTopography The drainage of the Lakes and the Mississippi, and the Indian and\\nFrench names by which they were severally called 10\\nCHAPTER II.\\nDrainage of the Illinois and Wabash Their tributary streams The portages\\nconnecting the drainage to the Atlantic with that of the Gulf 17\\nCHAPTER III.\\nThe ancient Maumee Valley Geological features Formerly Lakes Michigan and\\nSuperior drained into the Illinois, and Lakes Huron and Erie into the Wa-\\nbash The portage of the Wabash and the Kankakee 21\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nThe rainfall It has increased, although the rivers seem to have diminished, since\\nthe settlement of the Northwest Cultivation of the soil tends to equalize rain-\\nfall, and prevent the recurrence of drouths and floods 26\\nCHAPTER V.\\nOrigin of the prairies Their former extent Gradual encroachment of the for-\\nest Prairie fires Aboriginal names of the prairies, and the Indians who\\nlived exclusively upon them 29\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nEarly French discoveries Jaques Cartier ascends the St. Lawrence in 1535\\nSamuel Champlain founds Quebec in 1608 In 1642 Montreal is established\\nInfluence of Quebec and Montreal upon the Northwest continues until subse-\\nquent to the war of 1812 Early explorations of the French missionaries along\\nthe shore of Lake Superior They first learn of the Mississippi Father Mar-\\nquette^desires to explore it The French government determine on its explora-\\ntion Theories as to whether the Mississippi emptied into the Sea of Califor-\\nnia, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Atlantic Joliet and Marquette selected to\\nsolve the problem Spanish discoveries of the lower Mississippi in 1525 87\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nJoliet and Marquette s Voyage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 They leave Mackinaw May 17, 1673 They pro-\\nceed, by way of Green Bay and the Wisconsin, as far as the mouth of the\\nArkansas Return by way of the Illinois and Chicago Creek Father Mar-\\nquette s Journal, descriptive of the journey and the country through which they\\ntraveled Biographical sketches of Marquette and Joliet 43", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nLa Salle s Voyage Biographical sketch of La Salle His concessions and titles\\nof nobility Preparations for his explorations Sketch of Father Hennepin\\nand the merit of his writings La Salle reaches the Niagara River in Decem-\\nber, 1678, builds the ship Griffin and proceeds up Lake Erie, and reaches\\nMackinaw in August, 1679 54\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nLa Salle s Voyage continued Mackinaw the headquarters of the Indian trade\\nThe Griffin starts back to Niagara River with a cargo of furs, and is lost upon\\nthe lake La Salle resumes his voyage in birch canoes, south along the west\\nshore of Lake Michigan, and around its southern extremity to the mouth of\\nthe St. Joseph, where he erects Fort Miamis 68\\nCHAPTER X.\\nThe several rivers called the Miamis La Salle s route down the Illinois The\\nKankakee Marshes The French and Indian names of the Kankakee and\\nDes Plaines The Illinois Fort Crevecoeur La Salle goes back to.\\nCanada Destruction of his forts by deserters His return to Fort Miamis,\\nand the successful prosecution of his exploration to the mouth of the Missis-\\nsippi The whole valley of the great river taken possession of in the name of\\nthe King of France 72\\nCHAPTER XL\\nDeath of La Salle, in attempting to establish a colony near the mouth of the\\nMississippi Chicago Creek The origin of the name Fort St. Louis built\\nby Tonti at Starved Rock La Salle assassinated and his colony destroyed\\nJoutel, with other survivors, return by way of the Illinois Second attempt\\nof France, under Mons. Iberville, in 1699, to establish settlements on the\\nGulf Cession of all Louisiana to M. Crozat Crozat s deed from the King\\nThe Western Company Law s scheme of inflation and its consequences\\nNew Orleans founded in 1718 Fort Chartes erected, and its appearance. 87\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nSurrender of Louisiana to the French Crown in 1731 Early routes by way of the\\nKankakee, Chicago Creek, the Ohio, the Maumee and Wabash described\\nThe Maumee and Wabash, and the number and origin of their several names\\nIndian villages 96\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nAboriginal inhabitants The several Illinois tribes Of the name Illinois, and its\\norigin The Kaskaskias, Cahokkis, Tamaroas, Peorias and Metchigamis, sub-\\ndivisions of the Illinois Confederacy First mentioned by the Jesuit mission-\\naries in 1655 Their habits and morals Their country and villages Their\\nwars with the Iroquois and other tribes The tradition concerning the Iro-\\nquois River Their decline and removal westward of the Missouri 105", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nThe Miamis The Miami, Piankeshaw and Wea bands They are kindred to the\\nIllinois, originally from the west of the Mississippi Their superiority and\\ntheir military disposition Their subdivisions and various names Their trade\\nand difficulties with the French and the English Their migrations They\\nare upon the Maumee and Wabash Their Villages From their position\\nbetween the French and English they suffer at the hands of both They defeat\\nthe Iroquois \u00e2\u0080\u0094They trade with the English, and incur the anger of the French\\nTheir bravery Their decline\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Destructive effects of intemperance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cession\\nof their lands in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio Their removal westward and\\npresent condition 119\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nThe Pottawatomies They and the Ottawas and Ojibbeways one people Origi-\\nnally from the north and east of Lake Huron Their migrations by way of\\nMackinaw to the country west of Lake Michigan, and thence south and east-\\nward Their games Origin of the name Pottawatomie Allies of the French\\nOccupy a portion of the country of the Miamis along the Wabash Their\\nvillages At peace with the United States after the war of 1812 Cede their\\nlands Their exodus from the Wabash, the Kankakee and Wabash Their\\ncondition in Kansas Their progress toward civilization 137\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nThe Kickapoos and Mascoutins reside about Saginaw Bay in 1612; on Fox River,\\nWisconsin, in 1670 Their reception of the Catholic fathers Not inclined\\nto their teachings They kill one missionary and retain another in captiv-\\nity On the Maumee in 1712 In southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois\\nMigrate to the Wabash Derivation of the name Mascoutin Dwellers\\nof the prairie Identity of the Kickapoos with the Mascoutins Their\\ndestruction at the siege of Detroit They were always enemies of the\\nFrench, English and Americans Nearly destroy the Illinois and Pianke-\\nshaws, and occupy their country Join Tecumseh in a body They, with\\nthe Winnebagoes, attack Fort Harrison Pa-Tcoi-shee-can s account of the\\nengagement Ka-en-ne-kuck becomes a religious teacher The wild bands\\nmake trouble on the Texas border Their country between the Illinois and\\nWabash Their resemblance to the Sac and Fox Indians 153\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nThe Shawnees and Delawares Originally east of the Alleghany Mountains\\nAre subdued aud driven out by the Iroquois Marquette finds the Shawnees\\non the Tennessee in 1673 At one time in Florida In 1744 they are in Ohio\\nThey war on the American settlements Their villages on the Big and\\nLittle Miamis, the St. Mary s, the Au Glaize, Maumee and Wabash The\\nThe Delawares Made women of by the Iroquois Their country on White\\nRiver, Indiana, and eastward defined Become friendly to the United States\\nafter Wayne s victory at Maumee Rapids, in 1794 They, with the Shawnees,\\nsent west of the Mississippi They furnish soldiers in the war for the Union\\nAdopting ways of the white people 170", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nThe Indians Their implements, utensils, fortifications, mounds, manners and\\ncustoms 180\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nStone implements used by the Indians before they came in contact with the Euro-\\npeans Illustrations of various kinds of stone implements, and suggestions\\nas to their probable uses 195\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nThe war for the fur trade Former abundance of wild animals and water-fowl in\\nthe Northwest The buffalo; their range, their numbers, and final disappear-\\nance Value of the fur trade; its importance to Canada The coureurs de\\nbois; their food and peculiarities Goods for Indian trade The distant parts\\nto which the fur trade was carried, and the manner in which it was conducted\\nCompetition between French and English for control of the fur trade It\\nresults in broils French traders killed on the Vermilion The French and\\nIndians attack Fort Pickawillany War 208\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nThe war for the empire English claims to the Northwest Deeds from the Iro-\\nquois to a large part of the country Military expeditions of Major Grant,\\nMons. Aubry and M. de Ligneris Aubry attempts to retake Fort Du Quesne\\nHis expedition up the Wabash Goes to the relief of Fort Niagara Is de-\\nfeated by Sir William Johnson The fall of Quebec and Montreal Surrender\\nof the Northwest to Great Britain The territory west of the Mississippi ceded\\nto Spain 224\\nCHAPTER XXII.\\nPontiac s war to recover the country from the English The siege of Detroit The\\nfall of Mackinaw, Saint Joseph, Miamis and Ouiatanon Relief of Detroit\\nPontiac s confederacy falls to pieces Croghan sent west to recover possession\\nof the country from the Indians Is captured and carried to Fort Ouiatanon\\nThe country turned over to the English Pontiac s death 234\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nGen. Clark s conquest of the Illinois The Revolutionary war Indian depre-\\ndations upon the settlements of Kentucky The savages are supplied with\\narms and ammunition from the English posts at Detroit, Vincennes and Kas-\\nkaskia Gen. Clark applies to Gov. Henry, of Virginia, for aid in an enter-\\nprise to capture Kaskaskia and Vincennes Sketch of Gen. Clark\u00e2\u0080\u0094 His\\nmanuscript memoir of his march to the Illinois He captures Kaskaskia\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surrender of Vincennes He treats with the Indians, who agree to quit\\ntheir warfare on the Big Knife Gov. Hamilton, of Detroit, re-captures Vin-\\ncennes Clark s march to Vincennes He re-takes Vincennes, and makes the\\nEnglish forces prisoners of war Capt. Helm surprises a convoy of English\\nboats at the mouth of the Vermilion River Organization of the northwest\\nterritory into Illinois county of Virginia Clark holds the Northwest until the\\nconclusion of the revolutionary war. For this reason only it became a part of\\nthe United States 245", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER XXIV.\\nIllinois county established The northwest territory The ordinance of 1787\\nA bill of rights Free-school system Provisions for states Old boundaries\\nbetween Canada and Louisiana Indian wars The Indian country on the\\nWabash and Maumee ravaged England refuses to surrender military posts\\nwithin the northwest territory The first treaty between the United States\\nand the Wabash tribes, at Vincennes, in 1792 The great white wampum\\nbelt of peace, with medal suspended, delivered by Gen. Putnam The medal,\\nand where afterward found The British medal St. Clair s defeat Futile\\nefforts to obtain peace Wayne marches from Greenville to the Maumee and\\ngains a great victory over the confederated tribes Treaty of Greenville\\nWayne s death 260\\nCHAPTER XXV.\\nThe northwest territory divided Wm. H. Harrison appointed governor of the\\nIndiana territory Its subdivision into counties Biographical sketch of Gov.\\nHarrison Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet They organize a scheme\\nto drive the white settlers beyond the Ohio Illinois Territory formed Its\\nsubdivision into the counties of Randolph and St. Clair Development of\\nTecumseh s plans The Tippecanoe campaign Line of Harrison s march\\nOfficial account of the battle Incidents War of 1812 A large part of the\\nNorthwest in the hands of the English and Indians Fall of Fort Dearborn\\nSiege of Forts Wayne and Harrison Gen. Taylor s report of the attack on\\nFort Harrison The naval engagement on Lake Erie The battle of the\\nThames Tecumseh had fought it out with Gen. Harrison The north\\nrecovered by Gen. Harrison The old boundaries restored Peace concluded\\nAdvance of population Conclusion 278\\nCOUNTY HISTORY.*\\nHistory of Danville Township 305\\nBiographical 367\\nHistory of Georgetown Township 497\\nBiographical 536\\nHistory of Elwood Township 560\\nBiographical 592\\nHistory of Catlin Township 609\\nBiographical 628\\nHistory of Ross Township 651\\nBiographical 670\\nHistory of Grant Township 701\\nBiographical 719\\nHistory of Carroll Township 761\\nBiographical 784\\nHistory of Middle Fork Township 792\\nBiographical 814\\nHistory of Oakwood Township 834\\nBiographical 857\\nErrata. On account of a want of space, in consequence of more matter than the publishers\\nhad provided for, the County History is duplicated in pages with the first seventy-two pages of Town-\\nship History.\\nOn page f 20, line 27, instead of Dan, read H. W.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "10 TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nHistory of Blount Township 874\\nBiographical 894\\nHistory of Pilot Township 904\\nBiographical 914\\nHistory of Newell Township 926\\nBiographical 950\\nHistory of Vance Township 969\\nBiographical 983\\nHistory of Butler Township 1000\\nBiographical 1013\\nHistory of Sidell Township 1024\\nBiographical 1030\\nBusiness Directory 1035\\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nMap Illustrating French and Indian War Frontispiece\\nIndian Implements 197-207\\nBuffalo 209\\nGen. George Rogers Clarke 245\\nWashington Medal 270\\nBritish Medal 273\\nGen. W. H. Harrison 289\\nThe Prophet 282\\nFort Harrison in 1812 288\\nPlan of Battle of Tippecanoe 291\\nMap of Vermilion County 305\\nJoseph Barron 305\\nCity Mills, Danville 311\\nAmber Mills, Danville 315\\nHigh School 329\\nCounty Court House 330\\nEllsworth Coal Shaft 337\\nCoffeen Pollock s Store 352\\nLincoln Opera House 379\\nI lanville Planing Mill 444\\nWhitehall s larriage Shops 466\\nHoopeston Public School 715\\nMcFerron s Bank Building 718\\nClark s Hall 745\\nPioneer Cabin 876\\nLIST OF PORTRAITS.\\nWilliam J Moore 129 John Kyger 545\\nJohn L. Tincher 305 Alexander Pollock 625\\nA. C. Daniel 337 William Geddings 673\\nR. T. Leverich 384 L. W. Anderson 737\\nO. F. Harmon 417 David Dickson 785\\nH. A. Coffeen 465 J. G. Leverich 817\\nGeorge Wheeler Jones 497 William Harrison 865\\nWilliam Sheets 513 J. Peters 977", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "HISTORIC NOTES- ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nTOPOGRAPHY.\\nThe reader will have a better understanding of the manner in\\nwhich the territory, herein treated of, was discovered and subse-\\nquently occupied, if reference is made, in the outset, to some of its\\nmore important topographical features.\\nIndeed, it would be an unsatisfactory task to try to follow the routes\\nof early travel, or to undertake to pursue the devious wanderings of\\nthe aboriginal tribes, or trace the advance of civilized society into a\\ncountry, without some preliminary knowledge of its topography.\\nLooking upon a map of North America, it is observed that west-\\nward of the Alleghany Mountains the waters are divided into two\\ngreat masses; the one, composed of waters flowing into the great\\nnorthern lakes, is, by the river St. Lawrence, carried into the Atlantic\\nOcean the other, collected by a multitude of streams spread out like\\na vast net over the surface of more than twenty states and several ter-\\nritories, is gathered at last into the Mississippi River, and thence dis-\\ncharged into the Gulf of Mexico.\\nAs it was by the St. Lawrence River, and the great lakes connected\\nwith it, that the Northwest Territory was discovered, and for many\\nyears its trade mainly carried on, a more minute notice of this remark-\\nable water communication will not be out of place. Jacques Cartier,\\na French navigator, having sailed from St. Malo, entered, on the 10th\\nof August, 1535, the Gulf, which he had explored the year before, and\\nnamed it the St. Lawrence, in memory of the holy martyr whose feast\\nis celebrated on that day. This name was subsequently extended to\\nthe river. Previous to this it was called the River of Canada, the\\nname given by the Indians to the whole country.* The drainage of\\nthe St. Lawrence and the lakes extends through 14 degrees of longi-\\ntude, and covers a distance of over two thousand miles. Ascending\\nFather Chailevoix History and General Description of New France; Dr.\\nJohn G. Shea s translation vol. 1, pp. 37, 115.\\nn", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 HISTORIC NOTES OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nthis river, we behold it flanked with bold crags and sloping hillsides\\nits current beset with rapids and studded with a thousand islands\\ncombining scenery of marvelous beauty and grandeur. Seven hundred\\nand fifty miles above its mouth, the channel deepens and the shores\\nrecede into an expanse of water known as Lake Ontario.*\\nPassing westward on Lake Ontario one hundred and eighty miles\\na second river is reached. A few miles above its entry into the lake,\\nthe river is thrown over a ledge of rock into a yawning chasm, one\\nhundred and fifty feet below and, amid the deafening noise and clouds\\nof vapor escaping from the agitated waters is seen the great Falls of\\nNiagara. At Buffalo, twenty-two miles above the falls, the shores of\\nNiagara River recede and a second great inland sea is formed, having\\nan average breadth of 40 miles and a length of 240 miles. This is\\nLake Erie. The name has been variously spelt, Earie, Herie. Erige\\nand Erike. It has also born the name of Conti.f Father Hennepin\\nsays The Hurons call it Lake Erige, or Erike, that is to say, the Lake\\nof the Cat, and the inhabitants of Canada have softened the word to\\nErie vide A New Discovery of a Yast Country in America, p. 77\\nLondon edition, 1698.\\nHennepin s derivation is substantially followed by the more accurate\\nand accomplished historian, Father Charlevoix, who at a later period,\\nin 1721, in writing of this lake uses the following words The name\\nit bears is that of an Indian nation of the Huron language, which was\\nformerly settled on its banks and who have been entirely destroyed by\\nthe Iroquois. Erie in that language signifies cat, and in some accounts\\nthis nation is called the cat nation. He adds Some modern maps\\nhave given Lake Erie the name of Conti, but with no better success\\nthan the names of Conde, Tracy and Orleans which have been given\\nto Lakes Huron, Superior and Michigan.\\nAt the upper end of Lake Erie, to the southward, is Maumee Bay,\\nof which more hereafter to the northward the shores of the lake again\\nOntario has been favored with several names by early authors and map makers.\\nChamplain s map. 1632, lays it down as Lac St. Louis. The map prefixed to Colden s\\nHistory of the Five Nations designates it as Cata-ra-qui, or Ontario Lake. The\\nword is Huron- Iroquois, and is derived, in their language, from Ontra, a lake, and to,\\nbeautiful, the compound word meaning a beautiful lake; vide Letter of DuBois\\nD Avaugour, August 16, 1663, to the Minister: Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 16. Baron\\nLaHontan, in his work and on the accompanying map, calls it Lake Frontenac; ride\\nNew Voyages to North America, vol. 1, p. 219. And Frontenac, the name by which\\nthis lake was most generally designated by the early French writers, was given to it in\\nhonor of the great Count Frontenac. Governor-General of Canada.\\nf Narrative of Father Zenobia Membre, who accompanied Sieur La Salle in the\\nvoyage westward on this lake in 1679 vide Discovery and Exploration of the\\nMississippi. by Dr. John G. Shea, p. 90. Barou La Hontan s Voyages to North\\nAmerica, vol. 1, p. 217, also map prefixed London edition, 1703. Cadwalder Col-\\nden s map. referred to in a previous note, designates it as Lake Erie, or Okswego.\\n^Journal of a Voyage to North America, vol. 2, p. 2 London Edition, 1761.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE LAKES. 13\\napproach each other and form a channel known as the River Detroit, a\\nFrench word signifying a strait or narrow passage. Northward some\\ntwenty miles, and above the city of Detroit, the river widens into a\\nsmall body of water called Lake St. Clair. The name as now written\\nis incorrect we should either retain the French form, Claire, or take\\nthe English Clare. It received its name in honor of the founder of the\\nFranciscan nuns, from the fact that La Salle reached it on the day con-\\nsecrated to her. Northward some twelve miles across this lake the\\nland again encroaches upon and contracts the waters within another\\nnarrow bound known as the Strait of St. Clair. Passing up this strait,\\nnorthward about forty miles, Lake Huron is reached. It is 250 miles\\nlong and 190 miles wide, including Georgian Buy on the east, and its\\nwhole area is computed to be about 21,000 square miles. Its magnitude\\nfully justified its early name, La Mer-douce, the Fresh Sea, on account\\nof its extreme vastness.f The more popular name of Huron, which\\nhas survived all others, was given to it from the great Huron nation of\\nIndians who formerly inhabited the country lying to the eastward of\\nit. Indeed, many of the early French writers call it Lac des Hurons,\\nthat is, Lake of the Hurons. It is so laid down on the maps of Hen-\\nnepin, La Hontan, Charlevoix and Colden in the volumes before quoted.\\nGoing northward, leaving the Straits of Mackinaw, through which\\nLake Michigan discharges itself from the west, and the chain of\\nManitoulin Islands to the eastward, yet another river, the connecting\\nlink between Lake Huron and Superior, is reached. Its current is\\nswift, and a mile below Lake Superior are the Falls, where the water\\nleaps and tumbles down a channel obstructed by boulders and shoals,\\nwhere, from time immemorial, the Indians of various tribes have\\nresorted on account of the abundance of fish and the ease with which\\nthey are taken. Previous to the year 1670 the river was called the\\nSault, that is, the rapids, or falls. In this year Fathers Marquette and\\nDablon founded here the mission of St. Marie du Sault (St. Maiw\\nof the Falls), from which the modern name of the river, St. Mary s, is\\nderived.:}; Recently the United States have perfected the ship canal\\ncut in solid rock, around the falls, through which the largest vessels\\ncan now pass, from the one lake to the other.\\nLake Superior, in its greatest length, is 360 miles, with a maximum\\nbreadth of 1-10, the largest of the five great American lakes, and the\\nmost extensive body of fresh water on the globe. Its form has been\\n*Note by Dr. Shea, Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi, p. 143.\\ntChamplain s map, 1632. Also Memoir on the Colony of Quebec, August 4,\\n1663 Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 16.\\ni Charlevoix History of New France, vol. S, p. 110; also note.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "14 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\npoetically and not inaccurately described by a Jesuit Father, whose\\naccount of it is preserved in the Relations for the years 1669 and 1670\\nThis lake has almost the form of a bended bow, and in length is more\\nthan 180 leagues. The southern shore is as it were the cord, the arrow\\nbeing a long strip of land [Keweenaw Point] issuing from the south-\\nern coast and running more than 80 leagues to the middle of the\\nlake. A glance on the map will show the aptness of the comparison.\\nThe name Superior was given to it by the Jesuit Fathers, in conse-\\nquence of its being above that of Lake Huron.* It was also called\\nLake Tracy, after Marquis De Tracy, who was governor-general of\\nCanada from 1663 to 1665. Father Claude Allouez, in his Journal\\nof Travels to the Country of the Ottawas, preserved in the Relations\\nfor the years 1666, 1667, says After passing through the St.\\nMary s River we entered the upper lake, which will hereafter bear\\nthe name of Monsieur Tracy, an acknowledgment of the obligation\\nunder which the people of this country are to him. The good father,\\nhowever, was mistaken the name Tracy only appears on a few ancient\\nmaps, or is perpetuated in rare volumes that record the almost for-\\ngotten labors of the zealous Catholic missionaries while the earlier\\nname of Lake Superior is familiar to every school-boy who has\\nthumbed an atlas.\\nAt the western extremity of Lake Superior enter the Rivers Bois-\\nBrule and St. Louis, the upper tributaries of which have their sources\\non the northeasterly slope of a water-shed, and approximate very near\\nthe head-waters of the St. Croix, Prairie and Savannah Rivers, which,\\nissuing from the opposite side of this same ridge, flow into the upper\\nMississippi.\\nThe upper portions of Lakes Huron, Michigan, Green Bay, with\\ntheir indentations, and the entire coast line, with the islands eastward\\nand westward of the Straits of Mackinaw, are all laid down with quite\\na degree of accuracy on a map attached to the Relations of the Jesuits\\nfor the years 1670 and 1671, a copy of which is contained in Bancroft s\\nHistory of the United States,f showing that the reverend fathers were\\nindustrious in mastering and preserving the geographical features of\\nthe wilderness they traversed in their holy calling.\\nLake Michigan is the only one of the five great lakes that lays\\nwholly within the United States, the other four, with their connect-\\ning rivers and straits, mark the boundary between the Dominion of\\nCanada and the United States. Its length is 320 miles; its average\\nbreadth 70, with a mean depth of over 1,000 feet. Its area is some\\nRelations of 1660 and 1669. f Vol. 3, p. 152; fourth edition.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "LAKE MICHIGAN. 15\\n22,000 square miles, being considerably more than that of Lake Huron\\nand less than that of Lake Superior.\\nMichigan was the last of the lakes in order of discovery. The\\nHurons, christianized and dwelling eastward of Lake Huron, had been\\ndriven from their towns and cultivated fields by the Iroquois, and scat-\\ntered about Mackinaw and the desolate coast of Lake Superior beyond,\\nwhither they were followed by their faithful pastors, the Jesuits, who\\nerected new altars and gathered the remnants of their stricken follow-\\ners about them all this occurred before the fathers had acquired any\\ndefinite knowledge of Lake Michigan. In their mission work for the\\nyear 1666, it is referred to as the Lake Illinouek, a great lake adjoin-\\ning, or between, the lake of the Hurons and that of Green Bay, that\\nhad not [as then] come to their knowledge. In the Relation for the\\nsame year, it is referred to as Lake Illeaouers, and Lake Illinioues,\\nas yet unexplored, though much smaller than Lake Huron, and that the\\nOutagamies [the Fox Indians] call it Machi-hi-gan-ing. Father Hen-\\nnepin says The lake is called by the Indians, Illinouek, and by the\\nFrench, Illinois, and that the Lake Illinois, in the native lan-\\nguage, signifies the Lake of Men. He also adds in the same para-\\ngraph, that it is called by the Miamis, Mischigonong, that is, the\\ngreat lake. Father Marest, in a letter dated at Kaskaskia, Illinois,\\nNovember 9, 1712, so often referred to on account of the valuable his-\\ntorical matter it contains, contracts the aboriginal name to Michigan,\\nand is, perhaps, the first author who ever spelt it in the way that has\\nbecome universal. He naively says, that on the maps this lake has\\nthe name, without any authority, of the Lake of the Illinois? since\\nthe Illinois do not dwell in its neighborhood. f\\nHennepin s New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, vol. 1, p. 35. The\\nname is derived from the two Algonquin words, Michi (mishi or missi), which signifies\\ngreat, as it does, also, several or many, and Sagayigan, a lake, vide Henry s Travels,\\np. 37, and Alexander Mackenzie s Vocabulary of Algonquin Words.\\nt Kip s Early Jesuit Missions, p. 222.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nDRAINAGE OF THE ILLINOIS AND WABASH.\\nTiie reader s attention will now be directed to the drainage of the\\nIllinois and Wabash Rivers to the Mississippi, and that of the Maumee\\nRiver into Lake Erie. The Illinois River proper is formed in Grundy\\ncounty, Illinois, below the city of Joliet, by the union of the Kanka-\\nkee and Desplaines Rivers. The latter rises in southeastern Wisconsin\\nand its course is almost south, through the counties of Cook and Will.\\nThe Kankakee has its source in the vicinity of South Bend, Indiana.\\nIt pursues a devious way, through marshes and low grounds, a south-\\nwesterly course, forming the boundary-line between the counties of\\nLaporte, Porter and Lake on the north, and Stark, Jasper and Newton\\non the south thence across the dividing line of the two states of Indi-\\nana and Illinois, and some fifteen miles into the county of Kankakee,\\nat the confluence of the Iroquois River, where its direction is changed\\nnorthwest to its junction with the Desplaines. The Illinois passes\\nwesterly into the county of Putnam, where it again turns and pursues\\na generally southwest course to its confluence with the Mississippi,\\ntwenty miles above the mouth of the Missouri. It is about five hun-\\ndred miles long is deep and broad, and in several places expands into\\nbasins, which may be denominated lakes. Steamers ascend the river, in\\nhigh water, to La Salle from whence to Chicago navigation is contin-\\nued by means of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The- principal trib-\\nutaries of the Illinois, from the north and right bank, are the Au Sable,\\nFox River, Little Vermillion, Bureau Creek, Kickapoo Creek (which\\nempties in just below Peoria), Spoon River, Sugar Creek, and finally\\nCrooked Creek. From the south or left bank are successively the Iro-\\nquois (into the Kankakee), Mazon Creek, Vermillion, Crow Meadow,\\nMackinaw, Sangamon, and Macoupin.\\nThe Wabash issues out of a small lake, in Mercer county, Ohio, and\\nruns a westerty course through the counties of Adams, Wells and\\nHuntington in the state of Indiana. It receives Little River, just\\nbelow the city of Huntington, and continues a westwardly course\\nthrough the counties of Wabash, Miami and Cass. Here it turns\\nmore to the south, flowing through the counties of Carroll and Tippe-\\ncanoe, and marking the boundary-line between the counties of Warren\\n16", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "THE MAUMEE AND PORTAGES. 17\\nand Vermillion on the west, and Fountain and Park on the east. At\\nCovington, the county seat of Fountain county, the river runs more\\ndirectly south, between the counties of Vermillion on the one side,\\nand Fountain and Parke on the other, and through the county of Vigo,\\nsome miles below Terre Haute, from which place it forms the boundary-\\nline between the states of Indiana and Illinois to its confluence with\\nthe Ohio.\\nIts principal tributaries from the north and west, or right bank of\\nthe stream, are Little River, Eel River, Tippecanoe, Pine Creek, Red\\nWood, Big Vermillion, Little Vermillion, Bruletis, Sugar Creek, Em-\\nbarras, and Little Wabash. The streams flowing in from the south and\\neast, or left bank of the river, are the Salamonie, Mississinewa, Pipe\\nCreek, Deer Creek, Wildcat, Wea and Shawnee Creeks, Coal Creek,\\nSugar Creek, Raccoon Creek, Otter Creek, Busseron Creek, and White\\nRiver.\\nThere are several other, and smaller, streams not necessary here to\\nnotice, although they are laid down on earlier maps, and mentioned in\\nold Gazetteers and Emigrant s Guides.\\nThe Maumee is formed by the St. Joseph and St. Mary s Rivers,\\nwhich unite their waters at Ft. Wayne, Indiana. The St. Joseph has\\nits source in Hillsdale county, Michigan, and runs southwesterly\\nthrough the northwest corner of Ohio, through the county of De Kalb,\\nand into the county of Allen, Indiana. The St. Mary s rises in\\nAn Glaize county, Ohio, very near the little lake at the head of the\\nWabash, before referred to, and runs northwestwardly parallel with the\\nWabash, through the counties of Mercer, Ohio, and Adams, Indiana,\\nand into Allen county to the place of its union with the St. Joseph,\\nat Ft. Wayne. The principal tributaries of the Maumee are the Au\\nGlaize from the south, Bear Creek, Turkey Foot Creek, Swan Creek\\nfrom the north. The length of the Maumee River, from Ft. Wayne\\nnortheast to Maumee Bay at the west end of Lake Erie, is very little\\nover 100 miles.\\nA noticeable feature relative to the territory under consideration,\\nand having an important bearing on its discovery and settlement, is\\nthe fact that many of the tributaries of the Mississippi have their\\nbranches interwoven with numerous rivers draining into the lakes.\\nThey not infrequently issue from the same lake, pond or marsh situated\\non the summit level of the divide from which the waters from one end\\nof the common reservoir drain to the Atlantic Ocean and from the other\\nto the Gulf of Mexico. By this means nature herself provided navig-\\nable communication between the northern lakes and the Mississippi\\nValley. It was, however, only at times of the vernal floods that the", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "18 HISTORIC NOTES OF THE NORTHWEST.\\ncommunication was complete. At other seasons of the year it was\\ninterrupted, when transfers by land were required for a short distance.\\nThe places where these transfers were made are known by the French\\nterm portage, which, like many other foreign derivatives, has become\\nanglicized, and means a carrying place because in low stages of water\\nthe canoes and effects of the traveler had to be carried around the dry\\nmarsh or pond from the head of one stream to the source of that beyond.\\nThe first of these portages known to the Europeans, of which\\naccounts have come down to us, is the portage of the Wisconsin, in the\\nstate of that name, connecting the Mississippi and Green Bay by means\\nof its situation between the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers. The next is\\nthe portage of Chicago, uniting Chicago Creek, which empties into\\nLake Michigan at Chicago, and the Desplaines of the Illinois River.\\nThe third is the portage of the Kankakee, near the present city of\\nSouth Bend, Indiana, which connects the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan\\nwith the upper waters of the Kankakee. And the fourth is the portage\\nof the Wabash at Ft. Wayne, Indiana, between the Maumee and the\\nWabash, by way of Little River.\\nThough abandoned and their former uses forgotten in the advance\\nof permanent settlement and the progress of more efficient means of\\ncommercial intercourse, these portages were the gateways of the\\nFrench between their possessions in Canada and along the Mississippi.\\nFormerly the Northwest was a wilderness of forest and prairie, with\\nonly the paths of wild animals or the trails of roving Indians leading,\\nthrough tangled undergrowth and tall grasses. In its undeveloped\\nform it was without roads, incapable of land carriage and could not\\nbe traveled by civilized man, even on foot, without the aid of a savage\\nguide and a permit from its native occupants which afforded little or no\\nsecurity to life or property. For these reasons the lakes and rivers, with\\ntheir connecting portages, were the only highways, and they invited\\nexploration. They afforded ready means of opening up the interior.\\nThe French, who were the first explorers, at an early day, as we shall\\nhereafter see, established posts at Detroit, at the mouth of the Niagara\\nRiver, at Mackinaw, Green Bay, on the Illinois River, the St. Joseph s\\nof Lake Michigan, on the Maumee, the Wabash, and at other places\\non the route of inter-lake and river communication. By means of\\nhaving seized these strategical points, and their influence over the\\nIndian tribes, the French monopolized the fur trade, and although\\nfeebly assisted by the home government, held the whole Mississippi\\nValley and regions of the lakes, for near three quarters of a century,\\nagainst all efforts of the English colonies, eastward of the Alleghany\\nridge, who, assisted by England, sought to wrest it from their grasp.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CHICAGO PORTAGE. 19\\nRecurring to the old portage at Chicago, it is evident that at a com-\\nparatively recent period, since the glacial epoch, a large part of Cook\\ncounty was under water. The waters of Lake Michigan, at that time,\\nfound an outlet through the Desplaines and Illinois Rivers into the\\nMississippi.* This assertion is confirmed from the appearance of the\\nwhole channel of the Illinois River, which formerly contained a stream\\nof much greater magnitude than now. The old beaches of Lake\\nMichigan are plainly indicated in the ridges, trending westward several\\nmiles away from the present water line. The old state road, from\\nVincennes to Chicago, followed one of these ancient lake beaches from\\nBlue Island into the city.\\nThe subsidence of the lake must have been gradual, requiring\\nmany ages to accomplish the change of direction in the flow of its\\nwaters from the Mississippi to the St. Lawrence.\\nThe character of the portage has also undergone changes within\\nthe memory of men still living. The excavation of the Illinois and\\nMichigan Canal, and the drainage of the adjacent land by artificial\\nditches, has left little remaining from which its former appearance can\\nnow be recognized. Major Stephen H. Long, of the U. S. Topo-\\ngraphical Engineers, made an examination of this locality in the year\\n1823, before it had been changed by the hand of man, and says, con-\\ncerning it, as follows The south fork of Chicago River takes its rise\\nabout six miles from the fort, in a swamp, which communicates also\\nwith the Desplaines, one of the head branches of the Illinois. Hav-\\ning been informed that this route was frequently used by traders, and\\nthat it had been traversed by one of the officers of the garrison, who\\nreturned with provisions from St. Louis a few days before our arrival\\nat the fort, we determined to ascend the Chicago River in order to\\nobserve this interesting division of waters. We accordingly left the\\nfort on the 7th day of June, in a boat which, after having ascended\\nthe river four miles, we exchanged for a narrow pirogue that drew\\nless water, the stream we were ascending was very narrow, rapid and\\ncrooked, presenting a great fall. It so continued for about three miles,\\nwhen we reached a sort of a swamp, designated by the Canadian voy-\\nagers under the name of Z Petit Lac. 1 f Our course through this\\nswamp, which extended three miles, was very much impeded by the\\nhigh grass, weeds, etc., through which our pirogue passed with diffi-\\nculty. Observing that our progress through the fen was slow, and the\\nday being considerably advanced, we landed on the north bank, and\\ncontinued our course along the edge of the swamp for about three\\nGeological Survey of Illinois, vol. 3, p. 240.\\nt What remains of this lake is now known by the name of Mud Lake.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORIC NOTES OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nmiles, until we reached the place where the old portage road meets the\\ncurrent, which was here very distinct toward the south. We were\\ndelighted at beholding, for the first time, a feature so interesting in\\nitself, but which we had afterward an opportunity of observing fre-\\nquently on the route, viz, the division of waters starting from the same\\nsource, and running in two different directions, so as to become feed-\\ners of streams that discharge themselves into the ocean at immense dis-\\ntances apart. Lieut. Hobson, who accompanied us to the Desplaines,\\ntold us that he had traveled it with ease, in a boat loaded with lead\\nand flour. The distance from the fort to the intersection of the port-\\nage road is about twelve or thirteen miles, and the portage road is\\nabout eleven miles long the usual distance traveled by land seldom\\nexceeds from four to nine miles however, in very dry seasons it is\\nsaid to amount to thirty miles, as the portage then extends to Mount\\nJuliet, near the confluence of the Kankakee. Although at the time\\nwe visited it there was scarcely water enough to permit our pirogue\\nto pass, we could not doubt that in the spring of the year the route\\nmust be a very eligible one. It is equally apparent that an expendi-\\nture, trifling when compared to the importance of the object, would\\nagain render Lake Michigan a tributary of the Gulf of Mexico.\\nLong s Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter s River, vol. 1, pp. 165, 166,\\n167. The State of Illinois begun work on the construction of a canal on this old\\nportage on the 4th day of July, 1836, with great ceremony. Col. Guerdon S. Hubbard,\\nstill living, cast the first shovelful of earth out of it on this occasion. The work was\\ncompleted in 1848. The canal was fed with water elevated by a pumping apparatus\\nat Bridgeport. Recently the city of Chicago, at enormous expense sunk the bed\\nof the canal to a depth that secures a flow of water directly from the lake, by means\\nof which, the navigation is improved, and sewerage is obtained into the Illinois River.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nANCIENT MAUMEE VALLEY.\\nWhat has been said of the changes in the surface geology of Lake\\nMichigan and the Illinois River may also be affirmed with respect to\\nLake Erie and the Maumee and Wabash Rivers. There are peculiari-\\nties which will arrest the attention, from a mere examination of the\\ncourse of the Maumee and of the St. Joseph and St. Mary s Rivers, as\\nthey appear on the map of that part of Ohio and Indiana. The St.\\nJoseph, after running southwest to its union with the St. Mary s at\\nFt. Wayne, as it were almost doubles back upon its former course,\\ntaking a northeast direction, forming the shape of a letter Y, and after\\nhaving flowed over two hundred miles is discharged at a point within\\nless than fifty miles east of its source. It is evident, from an exami-\\nnation of that part of the country, that, at one time, the St. Joseph\\nran wholly to the southwest, and that the Maumee River itself,\\ninstead of flowing northeast into- Lake Erie, as now, drained this lake\\nsouthwest through the present valley of the Wabash. Then Lake\\nErie extended very nearly to Ft. Wayne, and its ancient shores are\\nstill plainly marked. The line of the old beach is preserved in the\\nridges running nearly parallel with, and not a great distance from, the\\nSt. Joseph and the St. Mary s Rivers. Professor G. K. Gilbert, in his\\nreport of the Surface Geology of the Maumee Valley, gives the\\nresult of his examination of these interesting features, from which we\\ntake the following valuable extract.*\\nThe upper (lake) beach consists, in this region, of a single bold\\nridge of sand, pursuing a remarkably straight course in a northeast and\\nsouthwest direction, and crossing portions of Defiance, Williams and\\nFulton counties. It passes just west of Hicksville and Bryan while\\nWilliams Center, West Unity and Fayette are built on it. When\\nLake Erie stood at this level, it was merged at the north with Lake\\nHuron. Its southwest shore crossed Hancock, Putnam, Allen and\\nVan Wert counties, and stretched northwest in Indiana, nearly to Ft.\\nWayne. The northwestern shore line, leaving Ohio near the south\\nline of Defiance county, is likewise continued in Indiana, and the two\\nconverge at New Haven, six miles east of Ft. Wayne. They do not,\\nGeological Survey of Ohio, vol. 1, p. 550.\\n21", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORIC NOTES OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nhowever, unite, but, instead, become parallel, and are continued as the\\nsides of a broad watercourse, through which the great lake basin then\\ndischarged its surplus waters, southwestwardly, into the valley of the\\nWabash River, and thence to the Mississippi. At New Haven, this\\nchannel is not less than a mile and a half broad, and has an average\\ndepth of twenty feet, with sides and bottom of drift. For twenty-five\\nmiles this character continues, and there is no notable fall. Three\\nmiles above Huntington, Indiana, however, the drift bottom is replaced\\nby a floor of Niagara limestone, and the descent becomes comparatively\\nquite rapid. At Huntington, the valley is walled, on one side at least,\\nby rock in situ. In the eastern portion of this ancient river-bed, the\\nMaumee and its branches have cut channels fifteen to twenty-five feet\\ndeep, without meeting the underlying limestone. Most of the inter-\\nval from Ft. Wayne to Huntington is occupied by a marsh, over which\\nmeanders Little River, an insignificant stream whose only claim to the\\ntitle of river seems to lie in the magnitude of the deserted channel of\\nwhich it is sole occupant. At Huntington, the Wabash emerges from\\na narrow cleft, of its own carving, and takes possession of the broad\\ntrough to which it was once an humble tributary.\\nWithin the personal knowledge of men, the Wabash River has been,\\nand is, only a rivulet, a shriveled, dried up representative in comparison\\nwith its greatness in pre-historic times, when it bore in a broader\\nchannel the waters of Lakes Erie and Huron, a mighty flood, south-\\nward to the Ohio. Whether the change in the direction of the flow of\\nLakes Erie, Huron and Michigan toward the River St. Lawrence, instead\\nof through the Wabash and Illinois Rivers respectively, is because\\nhemispheric depression has taken place more rapidly in the vicinity of\\nthe lakes than farther southward, or that the earth s crust south of the\\nlakes has been arched upward by subterraneous influences, and thus\\ncaused the lakes to recede, or if the change has been produced by\\ndepression in one direction and elevation in the other, combined, is not\\nour province to discuss. The fact, however, is well established by the\\nmost abundant and conclusive evidence to the scientific observer.\\nThe portage, or carrying place, of the Wabash,* as known to the\\nearly explorers and traders, between the Maumee and Wabash, or rather\\nthe head of Little River, called by the French La Petit Riviere,\\ncommenced directly at Ft. Wayne although, in certain seasons of the\\nyear, the waters approach much nearer and were united by a low piece\\nSchoolcraft s Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley, in the year\\n1821, pp. 90, 91. In this year, Mr. Schoolcraft made an examination of the locality,\\nwith a view to furnish the public information on the practicability of a canal to unite\\nthe waters of the Maumee and the Wabash. It was at a time when great interest\\nexisted through all parts of the country on all subjects of internal navigation.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "PORTAGE OF THE WABASH. 23\\nof ground or marsh (an arm or bay of what is now called Bear Lake),\\nwhere the two streams flow within one hundred and fifty yards of each\\nother and admitted of the passage of light canoes from the one to the\\nother.\\nThe Miami Indians knew the value of this portage, and it was a\\nsource of revenue to them, aside from its advantages in enabling them\\nto exercise an influence over adjacent tribes. The French, in passing\\nfrom Canada to New Orleans, and Indian traders going from Montreal\\nand Detroit, to the Indians south and westward, went and returned by\\nway of Ft. Wayne, where the Miamis, kept carts and pack-horses, with\\na corps of Indians to assist in carrying canoes, furs and merchandise\\naround the portage, for which they charged a commission. At the\\ngreat treaty of Greenville, 1795, where General Anthony Wayne met\\nthe several Wabash tribes, he insisted, as one of the fruits of his victory\\nover them, at the Fallen Timbers, on the Mauniee, the year before, that\\nthey should cede to the United States a piece of ground six miles\\nsquare, where the fort, named in honor of General Wayne, had been\\nerected after the battle named, and on the site of the present city of\\nFt. Wayne and, also, a piece of territory two miles square at the\\ncarrying place. The distinguished warrior and statesman, Mishe-\\nkun-nogh-quah (as he signs his name at this treaty), or the Little Turtle\\non behalf of his tribe, objected to a relinquishment of their right to\\ntheir ancient village and its portage, and in his speech to General\\nWayne said Elder Brother, When our forefathers saw the French\\nand English at the Miami village that glorious gate which your\\nyounger brothers [meaning the Miamis] had the happiness to own,\\nand through which all the good words of our chiefs had to pass [that\\nis, messages .between the several tribes] from north to south and from\\neast to west, the French and English never told us they wished to\\npurchase our lands from us. The next place you pointed out was the\\nLittle River, and said you wanted two miles square of that place. This\\nis a request that our fathers the French or British never made of us\\nit was always ours. This carrying place has heretofore proved, in a\\ngreat degree, the subsistence of your brothers. That place has brought\\nto us, in the course of one day, the amount of one hundred dollars.\\nLet us both own this place and enjoy in common the advantages it\\naffords. The Little Turtle s speech availed nothing.*\\nThe St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, a fine stream of uniform, rapid\\ncurrent, reaches its most southerly position near the city of South\\nBend, Indiana, the city deriving its name from the bend of the river\\nMinutes of the Treaty of Greenville: American State Papers on Indian Affairs,\\nvol. 1, pp. 576, 578.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "24 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nhere the river turns northward, reenters the State of Michigan and dis-\\ncharges into the ,lake. West of the city is Lake Kankakee, from\\nwhich the Kankakee River takes its rise. The distance intervening be-\\ntween the head of this little lake and the St. Joseph is about two miles,\\nover a piece of marshy ground, where the elevation is so slight that\\nin the year 1832 a Mr. Alexander Croquillard dug a race, and secured\\na flow of water from the lake to the St. Joseph, of sufficient power to\\nrun a grist and saw mill.\\nThis is the portage of the Kankakee, a place conspicuous for its\\nhistorical reminiscences. It was much used, and offered a choice of\\nroutes to the Illinois River, and also to the Wabash, by a longer land-\\ncarriage to the upper waters of the Tippecanoe. A memoir on the\\nIndians of Canada, etc., prepared in the year 171S (Paris Documents,\\nvol. 1, p. SS9), says: The river St. Joseph is south of Lake Michi-\\ngan, formerly the Lake of the Illinois many take this river to pass to\\nthe Rocks [as Fort St. Louis, situated on Starved Rock in La Salle\\ncounty, Illinois, was sometimes called], because it is convenient, and\\nthey thereby avoid the portages c des Chaines 1 and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2des Perches]\\ntwo long, difficult carrying places on the Desplaines, which had to\\nbe encountered in dry seasons, on the route by the way of Chicago\\nCreek.\\nThe following description of the Kankakee portage, and its adjacent\\nsurroundings, is as that locality appeared to Father Hennepin, when he\\nwas there with La Salle s party of voyagers two hundred years ago the\\ncoming December The next morning (December 5, 1679) we joined\\nour men at the portage, where Father Gabriel had made the day before\\nseveral crosses upon the trees, that we might not miss it another time.\\nThe voyagers had passed above the portage without being aware of it,\\nas the country was all strange to them. We found here a great quan-\\ntity of horns and bones of wild oxen, buffalo, and also some canoes\\nthe savages had made with the skins of beasts, to cross the river with\\ntheir provisions. This portage lies at the farther end of a champaign\\nand at the other end to the west lies a village of savages, Miamis,\\nMascoutines and Oiatinons (Weas), who live together. The river of\\nthe Illinois has its source near that village, and springs out of some\\nmarshy lands that are so quaking that one can scarcely walk over them.\\nThe head of the river is only a league and a half from that of the Mi-\\namis (the St. Joseph), and so our portage was not long. We marked\\nthe way from place to place, with some trees, for the convenience of\\nthose we expected after us and left at the portage as well as at Fort\\nProf. G. M. Levette s Report on the Geology of St. Joseph County: Geological\\nSurvey of Indiana for the year 1873, p. 459.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE KANKAKEE. 25\\nMiamis (which they had previously erected at the mouth of the St.\\nJoseph), letters hanging down from the trees, containing M. La Salle s\\ninstructions to our pilot, and the other five-and-twenty men who were\\nto come with him. The pilot had been sent back from Mackinaw\\nwith La Salle s ship, the Griffin, loaded with furs was to discharge\\nthe cargo at the fort below the mouth of Niagara River, and then\\nbring the ship with all dispatch to the St. Joseph.\\nThe Illinois River (continues Hennepin s account) is navigable\\nwithin a hundred paces from its source, I mean for canoes of barks of\\ntrees, and not for others, but increases so much a little way from\\nthence, that it is as deep and broad as the Meuse and the Sambre joined\\ntogether. It runs through vast marshes, and although it be rapid\\nenough, it makes so many turnings and windings, that after a whole\\nday s journey we found that we were hardly two leagues from the place\\nwe left in the morning. That country is nothing but marshes, full of\\nalder trees and bushes and we could have hardly found, for forty\\nleagues together, any place to plant our cabins, had it not been for the\\nfrost, which made the earth more firm and consistent.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nRAINFALL.\\nAn interesting topic connected with our rivers is the question of\\nrainfall. The streams of the west, unlike those of mountainous dis-\\ntricts, which are fed largely by springs and brooks issuing from the\\nrocks, are supplied mostly from the clouds. It is within the observa-\\ntion of persons who lived long in the valleys of the Wabash and Illinois,\\nor along their tributaries, that these streams apparently carry a less\\nvolume of water than formerly. Indeed, the water-courses seem to be\\ngradually drying up, and the whole surface of the country drained by\\nthem has undergone the same change. In early days almost eveiy\\nland-owner on the prairies had upon his farm a pond that furnished\\nan unfailing supply of water for his live stock the year around. These\\nnever went dry, even in the driest seasons.\\nFormerly the Wabash afforded reliable steamboat navigation as\\nhigh up as La Fayette. In 1831, between the 5th of March and the\\n16th of April, fifty-four steamboats arrived and departed from Vin-\\ncennes. In the months of February, March and April of the same year,\\nthere were sixty arrivals and departures from La Fayette, then a village\\nof only three or four hundred houses many of these boats were large\\nside-wheel steamers, built for navigating the Ohio and Mississippi, and\\nknown as New Orleans or lower river boats.* The writer has the\\nconcurrent evidence of scores of early settlers with whom he has con-\\nversed that formerly the Vermilion, at Danville, had to be ferried on\\nan average six months during the year, and the river was considered\\nlow when it could be forded at this place without water running into\\nthe wagon bed. Now it is fordable at all times, except when swollen\\nwith freshets, which now subside in a very few days, and often within\\nas many hours. Doubtless, the same facts can be affirmed of the many\\nother tributaries of the Illinois and Wabash whose names have been\\nalready given.\\nThe early statutes of Illinois and Indiana are replete with special\\nlaws, passed between the years 1825 and 1840, when the people of\\nthese two states were crazed over the question of internal navigation,\\nproviding enactments and charters for the slack-water improvement of\\nTanner s View of the Mississippi, published in 1832, p. 154.\\n26", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "RAINFALL. 27\\nhundreds of streams whose insignificance have now only a dry bed,\\nmost of the year, to indicate that they were ever dignified with such\\nlegislation and invested with the promise of bearing upon their bosoms\\na portion of the future internal commerce of the country.\\nIt will not do to assume that the seeming decrease of water in the\\nstreams is caused by a diminution of rain. The probabilities are that\\nthe annual rainfall is greater in Indiana and Illinois than before their\\nsettlement with a permanent population. The settling up of a\\ncountry, tilling its soil, planting trees, constructing railroads, and erect-\\ning telegraph lines, all tend to induce moisture and produce changes\\nin the electric and atmospheric currents that invite the clouds to pre-\\ncipitate their showers. Such has been the effect produced by the hand\\nof man upon the hitherto arid plains of Kansas and Nebraska. Indeed,\\nat an early day some portions of Illinois were considered as uninhab-\\nitable as western Kansas and Nebraska were supposed, a few years ago,\\nto be on account of the prevailing drouths. That part of the state\\nlying between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, south of a line run-\\nning from the Mississippi, between Rock Island and Mercer counties,\\neast to the Illinois, set off for the benefit of the soldiers of the War\\nof 1812, and for that reason called the Military Tract, except that\\npart of it lying more immediately near the rivers named, was laid under\\nthe bane of a drouth-stricken region. Mr. Lewis A. Beck, a shrewd\\nand impartial observer, and a gentleman of great scientific attainments,*\\nwas through the military tract shortly after it had been run out into\\nsections and townships by the government, and says concerning it,\\nThe northern part of the tract is not so favorable for settlement.\\nThe prairies become very extensive and are badly watered. In fact,\\nthis last is an objection to the whole tract. In dry seasons it is not\\nunusual to walk through beds of the largest streams without finding a\\ndrop of water. It is not surprising that a country so far distant from\\nthe sea and drained by such large rivers, which have a course of several\\nthousand miles before they reach the great reservoir, should not be well\\nwatered. This, we observe, is the case with all fine-flowing streams of\\nthe highlands, whereas those of the Champaign and prairies settle in\\nthe form of ponds, which stagnate and putrify. Besides, on the same\\naccount there are very few heavy rains in the summer; and hence\\nduring that season water is exceedingly scarce. The Indians, in their\\njourneys, pass by places where they know there are ponds, but gener-\\nally they are under the necessity of carrying water in bladders. This\\ndrouth is not confined to the military tract, but in some seasons is\\nvery general. During the summer of 1820 it was truly alarming;\\nBeck s Illinois and Missouri Gazetteer, published in 1823, pp. 79, 80.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "28 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntravelers, in many instances, were obliged to pass whole days, in the\\nwarmest weather, without being able to procure a cupful of water for\\nthemselves or their horses, and that which they occasionally did find\\nwas almost putrid. It may be remarked, however, that such seasons\\nrarely occur; but on account of its being washed by rivers of such\\nimmense length this section of the country is peculiarly liable to suffer\\nfrom excessive drouth. The millions of bushels of grain annually\\nraised in, and the vast herds of cattle and other live stock that are fat-\\ntened on, the rich pastures of Bureau, Henry, Stark, Peoria, Knox,\\nWarren, and other counties lying wholly or partially within the mili-\\ntary tract, illustrate an increase and uniformity of rainfall since the\\ntime Professor Beck recorded his observations. In no part of Illinois\\nare the crops more abundant and certain, and less liable to suffer from\\nexcessive drouth, than in the military tract. The apparent decrease in\\nthe volume of water carried by the Wabash and its tributaries is easily\\nreconciled with the theory of an increased rainfall since the settlement\\nof the country. These streams for the most part have their sources in\\nponds, marshes and low grounds. These basins, covering a great extent\\nof the surface of the country, served Js reservoirs the earth was cov-\\nered with a thick turf that prevented the water penetrating the ground\\ntall grasses in the valleys and about the margin of the ponds impeded\\nthe flow of water, and fed it out gradually to the rivers. In the tim-\\nber the marshes were likewise protected from a rapid discharge of their\\ncontents by the trunks of fallen trees, limbs and leaves.\\nSince the lands have been reduced to cultivation, millions of acres\\nof sod have been broken by the plow, a spongy surface has been turned\\nto the heavens and much of the rainfall is at once soaked into the\\nground. The ponds and low grounds have been drained. The tall\\ngrasses with their mat of penetrating roots have disappeared from the\\nswales. The brooks and drains, from causes partially natural, or artifi-\\ncially aided by man, have cut through the ancient turf and made well\\ndefined ditches. The rivers themselves have worn a deeper passage in\\ntheir beds. By these means the water is now soon collected from the\\nearth s surface and carried off with increased velocity. Formerly the\\nstreams would sustain their volume continuously for weeks. Hence\\nmuch of the rainfall is directly taken into the ground, and only a por-\\ntion of it now finds its way to the rivers, and that which does has a\\nspeedier exit. Besides this, settlement of and particularly the growing\\nof trees on the prairies and the clearing out of the excess of forests in the\\ntimbered districts, tends to distribute the rainfall more evenly through-\\nout the year, and in a large degree prevents the recurrence of those ex-\\ntremes of drouth and flood with which this country was formerly visited.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES.\\nThe prairies have ever been a wonder, and their origin the theme of\\nmuch curious speculation. The vast extent of these natural meadows\\nwould naturally excite curiosity, and invite the many theories which,\\nfrom time to time, have been advanced by writers holding conflicting\\nopinions as to the manner in which they were formed. Major Stod-\\ndard, H. M. Brackenridge and Governor Reynolds, whose personal\\nacquaintance with the prairies, eastward of the Mississippi, extended\\nback prior to the year 1800, and whose observations were supported\\nby the experience of other contemporaneous residents of the west, held\\nthat the prairies were caused by fire. The prairies are covered with\\ngrass, and were probably occasioned by the ravages of fire because\\nwherever copses of trees were found on them, the grounds about them\\nare low and too moist to admit the fire to pass over it and because it is\\na common practice among the Indians and other hunters to set the\\nwoods and prairies on fire, by means of which they are able to kill an\\nabundance of game. They take secure stations to the leeward, and\\nthe fire drives the game to them.*\\nThe plains of Indiana and Illinois have been mostly produced by\\nthe same cause. They are very different from the Savannahs on the\\nseaboard and the immense plains of the upper Missouri. In the\\nprairies of Indiana I have been assured that the woods in places have\\nbeen known to recede, and in others to increase, within the recollection\\nof the old inhabitants. In moist places, the woods are still standing,\\nthe fire meeting here with obstruction. Trees, if planted in these\\nprairies, would doubtless grow. In the islands, preserved by accidental\\ncauses, the progress of the fire can be traced the first burning would\\nonly scorch the outer bark of the tree; this would render it more\\nsusceptible to the next, the third would completely kill. I have seen\\nin places, at present completely prairie, pieces of burnt trees, proving\\nthat the prairie had been caused by fire. The grass is generally very\\nluxuriant, which is not the case in the plains of the Missouri. There\\nmay, doubtless, be spots where the proportion of salts or other bodies\\nmay be such as to favor the growth of grass only.f\\nSketches of Louisiana, by Major Amos Stoddard, p. 213.\\nt Brackenridge s Views of Louisiana, p. 108.\\n29", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "30 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nGovernor Reynolds, who came to Illinois at the age of thirteen, in\\nthe year 1800, and lived here for over sixty years, the greater portion\\nof his time employed in a public capacity, roving over the prairies\\nin the Indian border wars or overseeing the affairs of a public and busy\\nlife, in his interesting autobiography, published in 1S55, says: Many\\nlearned essays are written on the origin of the prairies, but any atten-\\ntive observer will come to the conclusion that it is fire burning the\\nstrong, high grass that caused the prairies. I have witnessed the\\ngrowth of the forest in these southern counties of Illinois, and know\\nthere is more timber in them now than there was forty or fifty years\\nbefore. The obvious reason is, the fire is kept out. This is likewise\\nthe reason the prairies are generally the most fertile soil. The vegeta-\\ntion in them was the strongest and the fires there burnt with the most\\npower. The timber was destroyed more rapidly in the fertile soil than\\nin the barren lands. It will be seen that the timber in the north of\\nthe state, is found only on the margins of streams and other places\\nwhere the prairie fires could not reach it.\\nThe later and more satisfactory theory is, that the prairies were\\nformed by the action of water instead of fire. This position was taken\\nand very ably discussed by that able and learned writer, Judge James\\nHall, as early as 1836. More recently, Prof. Lesquereux prepared an\\narticle on the origin and formation of the prairies, published at length\\nin vol. 1, Geological Survey of Illinois, pp. 238 to 254, inclusive and Dr.\\nWorthen, the head of the Illinois Geological Department, referring to\\nthis article and its author, gives to both a most flattering indorsement.\\nDeclining to discuss the comparative merits of the various theories as\\nto the formation of the prairies, the doctor refers the reader to the\\nvery able chapter on the subject by Prof. Lesquereux, whose thorough\\nacquaintance, both with fossil and recent botany, and the general laws\\nwhich govern the distribution of the ancient as well as the recent flora,\\nentitles his opinion to our most profound consideration.\\nProf. Lesquereux article is exhaustive, and his conclusions are\\nsummed up in the declaration that all the prairies of the Mississippi\\nValley have been formed by the slow recessions of waters of various\\nextent first transformed into swamps, and in the process of time\\ndrained and dried and that the high rolling prairies, and those of\\nthese bottoms along the rivers as well, are all the result of the same\\ncause, and form one whole, indivisible system.\\nStill later, another eminent writer, Hon. John D. Caton, late Judge\\nof the Supreme Court of Illinois, has given the result of his observa-\\n*Chap. 1, p. 10, Geology of Illinois, by Dr. Worthen; vol. 1. Illinois Geological\\nSurvey.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE PRAIRIES. 31\\ntions. While assenting to the received conclusion that the prairies\\nthe land itself have been formed under water, except the decomposed\\nanimal and vegetable matter that has been added to the surface of the\\nlands since their emergence, the judge dissents from Prof. Lesquereux,\\nin so far as the latter holds that the presence of ulmic acid and other\\nunfavorable chemicals in the soil of the prairies, rendered them unfit\\nfor the growth of trees; and in extending his theory to the prairies on\\nthe uplands, as well as in their more level and marshy portions. The\\nlearned judge holds to the popular theory that the most potent cause\\nin keeping the prairies as such, and retarding and often destroying\\nforest growth on them, is the agency of fire. Whatever may have\\nbeen the condition of the ground when the prairie lands first emerged\\nfrom the waters, or the chemical changes they may have since under-\\ngone, how many years the process of vegetable growth and decay may\\nhave gone on, adding their deposits of rich loam to the original sur-\\nface, making the soil the most fertile in the world, is a matter of mere\\nspeculation certain it is, however, that ever within the knowledge of\\nman the prairies have possessed every element of soil necessary to in-\\nsure a rapid and vigorous growth of forest trees, wherever the germ\\ncould find a lodgment and their tender years be protected against the\\none formidable enemy, fire. Judge Caton gives the experience of old\\nsettlers in the northern part of the state, similar to that of Bracken-\\nridge and Reynolds, already quoted, where, on the Vermillion River\\nof the Illinois, and also in the neighborhood of Ottawa many years\\nago, fires occurred under the observation of the narrators, which\\nutterly destroyed, root and branch, an entire hardwood forest, the\\nprairie taking immediate possession of the burnt district, clothing it\\nwith grasses of its own and in a few years this forest land, reclaimed\\nto prairie, could not be distinguished from the prairie itself, except\\nfrom its greater luxuriance.\\nJudge Caton s illustration of how the forests obtain a foot-hold in\\nthe prairies is so aptly expressed, and in such harmony with the ex-\\nperience of every old settler on the prairies of eastern Illinois and\\nwestern Indiana, that we quote it.\\nu The cause of the absence of trees on the upland prairies is the\\nproblem most important to the agricultural interests of our state, and\\nit is the inquiry which alone I propose to consider, but cannot resist\\nthe remark that wherever we do find timber throughout this broad\\nfield of prairie, it is always in or near the humid portions of it, as\\nalong the margins of streams, or upon or near the springy uplands.\\nMany most luxuriant groves are found on the highest portions of the\\nuplands, but always in the neighborhood of water. For a remarkable", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "32 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nexample I may refer to that great chain of groves extending from and\\nincluding the Au Sable Grove on the east and Ilolderman s Grove on\\nthe west, in Kendall county, occupying the high divide between the\\nwaters of the Illinois and the Fox Rivers. In and around all the\\ngroves flowing springs abound, and some of them are separated by\\nmarshes, to the vei y borders of which the great trees approach, as if\\nthe forest were ready to seize upon each yard of ground as soon as it is\\nelevated above the swamps. Indeed, all our groves seem to be located\\nwhere water is so disposed as to protect them, to a great or less extent,\\nfrom the prairie fire, although not so situated as to irrigate them. If\\nthe head-waters of the streams on the prairies are most frequently with-\\nout timber, so soon as they have attained sufficient volume to impede\\nthe progress of the fires, with very few exceptions we find forests on\\ntheir borders, becoming broader and more vigorous as the magnitude\\nof the streams increase. It is manifest that land located on the borders\\nof streams which the fire cannot pass are only exposed to one-half the\\nfires to which they would be exposed but for such protection. This\\ntends to show, at least, that if but one-half the fires that have occurred\\nhad been kindled, the arboraceous growth could have withstood their\\ndestructive influences, and the whole surface of what is now prairie\\nwould be forest. Another confirmatory fact, patent to all observers, is,\\nthat the prevailing winds upon the prairies, especially in the autumn,\\nare from the west, and these give direction to the prairie fires. Conse-\\nquently, the lands on the westerly sides of the streams are the most\\nexposed to the fires, and, as might be expected, we find much the most\\ntimber on the easterly sides of the streams.\\nAnother fact, always a subject of remark among the dwellers on\\nthe prairies, I regard as conclusive proof that the prairie soils are pecu-\\nliarly adapted to the growth of trees is, that wherever the fires have\\nbeen kept from the groves by the settlers, they have rapidly encroached\\nupon the prairies, unless closely depastured by the farmers stock, or\\nprevented by cultivation. This fact I regard as established by careful\\nobservation of more than thirty-five years, during which I have been\\nan interested witness of the settlement of this country, from the time\\nwhen a few log cabins, many miles apart, built in the borders of the\\ngroves, alone were met with, till now nearly the whole of the great\\nprairies in our state, at least, are brought under cultivation by the in-\\ndustry of the husbandman. Indeed, this is a fact as well recognized\\nby the settlers as that corn will grow upon the prairies when properly\\ncultivated. Ten years ago I heard the observation made by intelligent\\nmen, that within the preceding twenty-five years the area of the timber\\nin the prairie portions of the state had actually doubled by the sponta-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "FOREST ENCROACHMENT. 33\\nneons extension of the natural groves. However this may be, certain\\nit is that the encroachments of the timber upon the prairies have been\\nuniversal and rapid, wherever not impeded by fire or other physical\\ncauses.\\nWhen Europeans first landed in America, as they left the dense\\nforests east of the Alleghanies and went west over the mountains into\\nthe valleys beyond, anywhere between Lake Erie and the fortieth\\ndegree of latitude, approaching the Scioto River, they would have seen\\nsmall patches of country destitute of timber. These were called open-\\nings. As they proceeded farther toward the Wabash the number and\\narea of these openings or barrens would increase. These last were called\\nby the English savannahs or meadows, and by the French, prairies.\\nWestward of the Wabash, except occasional tracts of timbered lands\\nin northern Indiana, and fringes of forest growth along the inter-\\nvening water-courses, the prairies stretch westward continuously across\\na part of Indiana and the whole of Illinois to the Mississippi. Taking\\nthe line of the Wabash railway, which crosses Illinois in its greatest\\nbreadth, and beginning in Indiana, where the railway leaves the tim-\\nber, west of the Wabash nearMarshfield, the prairie extends to Qnincy,\\na distance of more than two hundred and fifty miles, and its contin-\\nuity the entire way is only broken by four strips of timber along four\\nstreams running at right angles with the route of the railway, namely\\nthe timber on the Vermillion River, between Danville and the Indiana\\nstate-line, the Sangamon, seventy miles west of Danville near Decatur,\\nthe Sangamon again a few miles east of Springfield, and the Illinois\\nRiver at Meredosia and all of the timber at the crossing of these\\nseveral streams, if put together, would not aggregate fifteen miles\\nagainst the two hundred and fifty miles of prairie. Taking a north\\nand south direction and parallel with the drainage of the rivers, one\\ncould start near Ashley, on the Illinois Central railway, in Washing-\\nton county, and going northward, nearly on an air-line, keeping on the\\ndivide between the Kaskaskia and Little Wabash, the Sangamon and\\nthe Vermillion, the Iroquois and the Vermillion of the Illinois, cross-\\ning the latter stream between the months of the Fox and Dn Page and\\ntravel through to the state of Wisconsin, a distance of nearly three\\nhundred miles, without encountering five miles of timber during the\\nwhole journey. Mere figures of distances across the Grand Prairie,\\nas this vast meadow was called by the old settlers, fail to give an ade-\\nquate idea of its magnitude.\\nLet the reader, in fancy, go back fifty or sixty years, when there\\nwere no farms between the settlement on the North Arm Prairie, in\\nEdgar county, and Ft. Clark, now Peoria, on the Illinois River, or\\n3", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "34 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nbetween the Salt Works, west of Danville, and Ft. Dearborn, where\\nChicago now is, or when there was not a house between the Wabash\\nand Illinois Rivers in the direction of La Fayette and Ottawa when\\nthere was not a solitary road to mark the way when Indian trails alone\\nled to unknown places, where no animals except the wild deer and\\nslinking wolf would stare, the one with timid wonder, the other with\\ntreacherous leer, upon the ventursome traveler; when the gentle winds\\nmoved the supple grasses like waves of a green sea under the sum-\\nmer s sky the beauty, the grandeur and solitude of the prairies may\\nbe imagined as they were a reality to the pioneer when he first beheld\\nthem.\\nThere is an essential difference between the prairies eastward of the\\nMississippi and the great plains westward necessary to be borne in\\nmind. The western plains, while they present a seeming level appear-\\nance to the eye, rise rapidly to the westward. From Kansas City to\\nPueblo the ascent is continuous; beyond Ft. Dodge, the plains, owing\\nto their elevation and consequent dryness of the atmosphere and\\nabsence of rainfall, produce a thin and stunted vegetation. The prai-\\nries of Illinois and Indiana, on the contrary, are much nearer the sea-\\nlevel, where the moisture is greater. There were many ponds and\\nsloughs which aided in producing a humid atmosphere, all which\\ninduced a rank growth of grasses. All early writers, referring to the\\nvegetation of our prairies, including Fathers Hennepin, St. Cosme,\\nCharlevoix and others, who recorded their personal observations nearly\\ntwo hundred years ago, as well as later English and American travel-\\ners, bear uniform testimony to the fact of an unusually luxuriant\\ngrowth of grasses.\\nEarly settlers, in the neighborhood of the author, all bear witness\\nto the rank growth of vegetation on the prairies before it was grazed\\nby live stock, and supplanted with shorter grasses, that set in as the\\ncountry improved. Since the organization of Edgar county in 1S23,\\nof which, all the territory north to the Wisconsin line was then a\\npart, on the level prairie between the present sites of Danville and\\nGeorgetown, the grass grew so high that it was a source of amusement\\nto tie the tops over the withers of a horse, and in places the height of\\nthe grass would nearly obscure both horse and rider from view. This\\nwas not a slough, but on arable land, where some of the first farms in\\nVermillion county were broken out. On the high rolling prairies the\\nvegetation was very much shorter, though thick and compact its aver-\\nage height being about two feet.\\nThe prairie fires have been represented in exaggerated pictures of\\nmen and wild animals retreating at full speed, with every mark of ter-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "PRAIRIE FIRES. 35\\nror, before the devouring element. Such pictures are overdrawn. In-\\nstances of loss of human life, or animals, may have sometimes occurred.\\nThe advance of the fire is rapid or slow, as the wind may be strong or\\nlight the flames leaping high in the air in their progress over level\\nground, or burning lower over the uplands. When a fire starts under\\nfavorable causes, the horizon gleams brighter and brighter until a fiery\\nredness rises above its dark outline, while heavy, slow-moving masses\\nof dark clouds curve upward above it. In another moment the blaze\\nitself shoots up, first at one spot then at another, advancing until the\\nwhole horizon extending across a wide prairie is clothed with flames,\\nthat roll and curve and dash onward and upward like waves of a burn-\\ning ocean, lighting up the landscape with the brilliancy of noon-day.\\nA roaring, crackling sound is heard like the rushing of a hurricane.\\nThe flame, which in general rises to the height of twenty feet, is seen\\nrolling its waves against each other as the liquid, fiery mass moves for-\\nward, leaving behind it a blackened surface on the ground, and long\\ntrails of murky smoke floating above. A more terrific sight than the\\nburning prairies in early days can scarcely be conceived. Woe to the\\nfarmer whose fields extended into the prairie, and who had suffered\\nthe tall grass to grow near his fences the labor of the year would be\\nswept away in a few hours. Such accidents occasionally occurred,\\nalthough the preventive was simple. The usual remedy was to set\\nfire against fire, or to burn off a strip of grass in the vicinity of the\\nimproved ground, a beaten road, the treading of domestic animals\\nabout the inclosure of the farmer, would generally afford protection.\\nIn other cases a few furrows would be plowed around the field, or the\\ngrass closely mowed between the outside of the fence and the open\\nprairie.*\\nNo wonder that the Indians, noted for their naming a place or\\nthing from some of its distinctive peculiarities, should have called\\nthe prairies Mas-ko-tia, or the place of fire. In the ancient Algon-\\nquin tongue, as well as in its more modern form of the Ojibbeway (or\\nChippeway, as this people are improperly designated), the word scoutay\\nmeans fire and in the Illinois and Pottowatarnie, kindred dialects, it\\nis scotte and scutay, respectively, f It is also eminently characteristic\\nthat the Indians, who lived and hunted exclusively upon the prairies,\\nwere known among their red brethren as Maskoutes, rendered by\\nthe French writers, Maskoutines, or People of the Fire or Prairie\\nCountry.\\nNorth of a line drawn west from Yincennes, Illinois is wholly\\nJudge James Hall: Tales of the Border, p. 244; Statistics of the West, p. 82.\\nt Gallatin s Synopsis of the Indian Tribes, etc.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "36 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nprairie, always excepting the thin curtain of timber draping the\\nwater-courses and all that part of Indiana lying north and west of\\nthe Wabash, embracing fully one-third of the area of the state, is\\nessentially so.\\nOf the twenty-seven counties in Indiana, lying wholly or partially\\nwest and north of the Wabash, twelve of them are prairie seven are\\nmixed prairies, barrens and timber, the barrens and prairie predomi-\\nnating. In five, the barrens, with the prairies, are nearly equal to the\\ntimber, while only three of the counties can be characterized as heavily\\ntimbered. And wherever timber does occur in these twenty-seven\\ncounties, it is found in localities favorable to its protection against the\\nravages of fire, by the proximity of intervening lakes, marshes or\\nwater-courses. We cannot know how long it took the forest to ad-\\nvance from the Scioto how often capes and points of trees, like skir-\\nmishers of an army, secured a foothold to the eastward of the lakes and\\nrivers of Ohio and Indiana, only to be driven back again by the prairie\\nfires advancing from the opposite direction or conceive how many\\ngenerations of forest growth were consumed by the prairie fires before\\nthe timber-line was pushed westward across the state of Ohio, and\\nthrough Indiana to the banks of the Wabash.\\nThe prairies of Illinois and Indiana were born of water and pre-\\nserved by fire for the children of civilized men, who have come and\\ntaken possession of them. The manner of their coming, and the diffi-\\nculties that befell them on the way, will hereafter be considered. The\\nwhite man, like the forests, advanced from the east. The red man,\\nlike the prairie fires, as we shall hereafter see, came from the west.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nEARLY DISCOVERIES.\\nHaving given a description of the lakes and rivers, and noticed\\nsome of the more prominent features that characterize the physical\\ngeography of the territory within the scope of our inquiry, and the\\nparts necessarily connected with it, forming, as it were, the outlines or\\nground plan of its history, we will now proceed to fill in the frame-\\nwork, with a narration of its discovery. Jacques Cartier, as already\\nintimated in a note on a preceding page, ascended the St. Lawrence\\nRiver in 1535. He sailed up the stream as far as the great Indian vil-\\nlage of Hoc Lelaga, situated on an island at the foot of the mountain,\\nstyled by him Mont Royal, now called Montreal, a name since extend-\\ned to the whole island. The country thus discovered was called New\\nFrance. Later, and in the year 1598, France, after fifty years of\\ndomestic troubles, recovered her tranquillity, and, finding herself once\\nmore equal to great enterprises, acquired a taste for colonization. Her\\nattention was directed to her possessions, by right of discovery, in the\\nnew world, where she now wished to establish colonies and extend the\\nfaith of the Catholic religion. Commissions or grants were accordingly\\nissued to companies of merchants, and others organized for this pur-\\npose, who undertook to make settlements in Acadia, as Nova Scotia\\nwas then called, and elsewhere along the lower waters of the St. Law-\\nrence and, at a later day, like efforts were made higher up the river.\\nIn 1607 Mr. De Monts, having failed in a former enterprise, was\\ndeprived of his commission, which was restored to him on the condition\\nthat he would make a settlement on the St. Lawrence. The company\\nhe represented seems to have had the fur trade only in view, and this\\nobject caused it to change its plans and avoid Acadia altogether. De\\nMonts company increased in numbers and capital in proportion as the\\nfur trade developed expectations of profit, and many persons at St.\\nMalo, particularly, gave it their support. Feeling that his name\\ninjured his associates, M. De Monts retired and when he ceased to be\\nits governing head, the company of merchants recovered the monopoly\\nwith which the charter was endowed, for no other object than making\\nmoney out of the fur trade. They cared nothing whatever for the col-\\nony in Acadia, which was dying out, and made no settlements else-\\n37", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "38 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwhere. However, Mr. Samuel Champlain, who cared little for the fur\\ntrade, and whose thoughts were those of a patriot, after maturely ex-\\namining where the settlements directed by the court might be best\\nestablished, at last fixed on Quebec. He arrived there on the 3d of\\nJuly, 1608, put up some temporary buildings for himself and company,\\nand began to clear off the ground, which proved fertile.*\\nThe colony at Quebec grew apace with emigrants from France\\nand later, the establishment of a settlement at the island of Montreal\\nwas undertaken. Two religious enthusiasts, the one named Jerome le\\nRoyer de la Dauversiere, of Anjou, and the other John James Olier,\\nassumed the undertaking in 1636. The next who joined in the move-\\nment was Peter Chevirer, Baron Fancamp, who in 1640 sent tools and\\nprovisions for the use of the coming settlers. The projectors were\\nnow aided by the celebrated Baron de Renty, and two others. Father\\nCharles Lalemant induced John de Lauson, the proprietor of the island\\nof Montreal, to cede it to these gentlemen, which he did in August,\\n1640 and to remove all doubts as to the title, the associates obtained\\na grant from the New France Company, in December of the same year,\\nwhich was subsequently ratified by the king himself. The associates\\nagreed to send out forty settlers, to clear and cultivate the ground to\\nincrease the number annually to supply them with two sloops, cattle\\nand farm hands, and, after five years, to erect a seminary, maintain\\necclesiastics as missionaries and teachers, and also nuns as teachers and\\nhospitalers. On its part the New France Company agreed to trans-\\nport thirty settlers. The associates then contributed twenty-five thou-\\nsand crowns to begin the settlement, and Mr. de Maisonneuve embarked\\nwith his colony on three vessels, which sailed from Rochelle and\\nDieppe, in the summer of 1641. The colony wintered in Quebec,\\nspending their time in building boats and preparing timber for their\\nhouses and on the 8th of May, 1642, embarked, and arrived nine\\ndays after at the island of Montreal, and after saying mass began an\\nintrenchment around their tents, f\\nNotwithstanding the severity of the climate, the loss of life by dis-\\neases incident to settling of new countries, and more especially the\\nHistory of New France.\\nt From Dr. Shea s valuable note on Montreal, on pages 129 and 130, vol. 2, of\\nhis translation of Father Charlevoix History of New France. Mr. Albach, publisher\\nof Annals of the West, Pittsburgh edition, 1857, p. 49, is in error in saying that\\nMontreal was founded in 1613, by Samuel Champlain. Champlain, in company with\\na young Huron Indian, whom he had taken to and brought back from France on a\\nprevious voyage, visited the island of Montreal in 1611, and chose it as a place for a\\nsettlement he designed to establish, but which he did not begin, as he was obliged to\\nreturn to France; vide Charlevoix History of New France, vol. 2, p. 23. The Ameri-\\ncan Clyclopedia, as well as other authorities, concur with Dr. Shea, that Montreal was\\nfounded in 1642, seven years after Champlain s death.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "QUEBEC FOUNDED. 39\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2destruction of its people from raids of the dreaded Iroquois Indians,\\nthe French colonies grew until, according to a report of Governor\\nMons. Denonville to the Minister at Paris, the population of Canada,\\nin 1686, had increased to 12,373 souls. Quebec and Montreal became\\nthe base of operations of the French in America the places from\\nwhich missionaries, traders and explorers went out among the savages\\ninto countries hitherto unknown, going northward and westward,\\neven beyond the extremity of Lake Superior to the upper waters of\\nthe Mississippi, and southward to the Gulf of Mexico and it was\\nfrom these cities that the religious, military and commercial affairs of\\nthis widely extended region were administered, and from which the\\nFrench settlements subsequently established in the northwest and at\\nNew Orleans were principally recruited. The influence of Quebec and\\nMontreal did not end with the fall of French power in America. It\\nwas from these cities that the English retained control of the fur trade\\nin, and exerted a power over the Indian tribes of, the northwest that\\nharassed and retarded the spread of the American settlements through\\nall the revolutionary war, and during the later contest between Great\\nBritain and the United States in the war of 1812. Indeed, it was\\nonly until after the fur trade was exhausted and the Indians placed\\nbeyond the Mississippi, subsequent to 1820, that Quebec and Montreal\\nceased to exert an influence in that part of New France now known as\\nIllinois and Indiana.\\nFather Claude Allouez, coasting westward from Sault Ste. Marie,\\nreached Chegoimegon, as the Indians called the bay south of the Apos-\\ntle Islands and near La Pointe on the southwestern shore of Lake Supe-\\nrior, in October, 1665. Here he found ten or twelve fragments of\\nAlgonquin tribes assembled and about to hang the war kettle over the\\nfire preparatory for an incursion westward into the territory of the\\nSioux. The good father persuaded them to give up their intended\\nhostile expedition. He set up in their midst a chapel, to which he gave\\nthe name of the Mission of the Holy Ghost, at the spot afterward\\nknown as Lapointe du Saint Esprit, and at once began his mission\\nwork. His chapel was an object of wonder, and its establishment soon\\nspread among the wild children of the forest, and thither from great\\ndistances came numbers all alive with curiosity, the roving Potta-\\nwatomies, Sacs and Foxes, the Kickapoos, the Illinois and Miamis,\\nto whom the truths of Christianity were announced.*\\nThree years later Father James Marquette took the place of Allouez,\\nand while here he seems to have been the first that learned of the Missis-\\nsippi. In a letter written from this mission by Father Marquette to\\nShea s History of Catholic Missions, 358.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "40 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nhis Reverend Father Superior, preserved in the Relations for 1669 and\\n1670, he says When the Illinois come to the point they pass a\\ngreat river, which is almost a league in width. It flows from north\\nto south, and to so great a distance that the Illinois, who know nothing\\nof the use of the canoe, have never as yet heard tell of the mouth they\\nonly know that there are great nations below them, some of whom,\\ndwelling to the east-southeast of their country, gather their Indian-corn\\ntwice a year. A nation that they call Chaouanon (Shawnees) came to\\nvisit them during the past summer; the young man that has been\\ngiven to me to teach me the language has seen them they were loaded\\nwith glass beads, which shows that they have communication with the\\nEuropeans. They had to journey across the land for more than thirty\\ndays before arriving at their country. It is hardly probable that this\\ngreat river discharges itself in Virginia. We are more inclined to\\nbelieve that it has its mouth in California. If the savages, who have\\npromised to make me a canoe, do not fail in their word, we will navi-\\ngate this river as far as is possible in company with a Frenchman and\\nthis young man that they have given me, who understands several of\\nthese languages and possesses great facility for acquiring others. We\\nshall visit the nations who dwell along its shores, in order to open the\\nw T ay to many of our fathers who for a long time have awaited this\\nhappiness. This discovery will give us a perfect knowledge of the sea\\neither to the south or to the west.\\nThese reports concerning the great river came to the knowledge\\nof the authorities at Quebec and Paris, and naturally enough stimu-\\nlated further inquiry. There were three theories as to where the river\\nemptied one, that it discharged into the Atlantic south of the British\\ncolony of Virginia second, that it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico;\\nand third, which was the more popular belief, that it emptied into the\\nRed Sea, as the Gulf of California was called and if the latter, that it\\nwould afford a passage to China. To solve this important commercial\\nproblem in geography, it was determined, as appears from a letter from\\nthe Governor, Count Frontenac, at Quebec, to M. Colbert, Minister of\\nthe navy at Paris, expedient for the service to send Sieur Joliet to\\nthe country of the Mascoutines, to discover the South Sea and the great\\nriver they call the Mississippi which is supposed to discharge itself\\ninto the Sea of California. Sieur Joliet is a man of great experience\\nin these sorts of discoveries, and has already been almost to that great\\nriver, the mouth of which he promises to see. We shall have intelli-\\ngence of him, certainly, this summer.* Father Marquette was chosen\\nto accompany Joliet on account of the information he had already ob-\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, p. 92.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "SPANISH EXPLORATIONS. 41\\ntained from the Indians relating to the countries to be explored, and\\nalso because, as he wrote Father Dablon, his superior, when informed\\nby the latter that he was to be Joliet s companion, I am ready to go\\non your order to seek new nations toward the South Sea, and teach\\nthem of our great God whom they hitherto have not known.\\nThe voyage of Joliet and Marquette is so interesting that we intro-\\nduce extracts from Father Marquette s journal. The version we adopt\\nis Father Marquette s original journal, prepared for publication by his\\nsuperior, Father Dablon, and which lay in manuscript at Quebec, among\\nthe archives of the Jesuits, until 1852, when it, together with Father\\nMarquette s original map, were brought to light, translated into Eng-\\nlish, and published by Dr. John G. Shea, in his Discovery and Explo-\\nration of the Mississippi. The version commonly sanctioned was\\nMarquette s narrative sent to the French government, where it lay\\nunpublished until it came into the hands of M. Thevenot, who printed\\nit at Paris, in a book issued by him in 1681, called Receuil de Voy-\\nages. This account differs somewhat, though not essentially, from\\nthe narrative as published by Dr. Shea.\\nBefore proceeding farther, however, we will turn aside a moment\\nto note the fact that Spain had a prior right over France to the Missis-\\nsippi Valley by virtue of previous discovery. As early as the year\\n1525, Cortez had conquered Mexico, portioned out its rich mines\\namong his favorites and reduced the inoffensive inhabitants to the worst\\nof slavery, making them till the ground and toil in the mines for their\\nunfeeling masters. A few years following the conquest of Mexico, the\\nSpaniards, under Pamphilus de Narvaez, in 1528, undertook to conquer\\nand colonize Florida and the entire northern coast-line of the Gulf.\\nAfter long and fruitless wanderings in the interior, his party returned\\nto the sea-coast and endeavored to reach Tampico, in wretched boats.\\nNearly all perished by storm, disease or famine. The survivors, with\\none Cabeza de Vaca at their head, drifted to an island near the present\\nstate of Mississippi; from which, after four years of slavery, De Vaca,\\nwith four companions, escaped to the mainland and started westward,\\ngoing clear across the continent to the Gulf of California. The\\nnatives took them for supernatural beings. They assumed the guise\\nof jugglers, and the Indian tribes, through which they passed, invested\\nthem with the title of medicine-men, and their lives were thus guarded\\nwith superstitious awe. They are, perhaps, the first Europeans who\\never went overland from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They must have\\ncrossed the Great River somewhere on their route, and, says Dr.\\nShea, remain in history, in a distant twilight, as the first Europeans\\nknown to have stood on the banks of the Mississippi. In 1539,", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "42 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nHernando de Soto, with a party of cavaliers, most of them sons of\\ntitled nobility, landed with their horses upon the coast of Florida.\\nDuring that and the following four years, these daring adventurers\\nwandered through the wilderness, traveling in portions of Florida,\\nCarolina, the northern parts of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi,\\ncrossing the Mississippi, as is supposed, as high up as White River,\\nand going still westward to the base of the Rocky Mountains, vainly\\nsearching for the rich gold mines of which De Vaca had given marvel-\\nous accounts. De Soto s party endured hardships that would depress\\nthe stoutest heart, while, with fire and sword, they perpetrated atrocities\\nupon the Indian tribes through which they passed, burning their\\nvillages and inflicting cruelties which make us blush for the wicked-\\nness of men claiming to be christians. De Soto died, in May or June,\\n1542, on the banks of the Mississippi, below the mouth of the\\nWashita, and his immediate attendants concealed his death from the\\nothers and secretly, in the night, buried his body in the middle of the\\nstream. The remnant of his survivors went westward and then\\nreturned back again to the river, passing the winter upon its banks.\\nThe following spring they went down the river, in seven boats which\\nthey had rudely constructed out of such scanty material and with the\\nfew T tools they could command. In these, after a three months voyage,\\nthey arrived at the Spanish town of Panuco, on the river of that name\\nin Mexico.\\nLater, in 1565, Spain, failing in previous attempts, effected a lodg-\\nment in Florida, and for the protection of her colony built the fort at\\nSt. Augustine, whose ancient ruin, still standing, is an object of curi-\\nosity to the health-seeker and a monument to the hundreds of native\\nIndians who, reduced to bondage by their Spanish conquerors, perished,\\nafter years of unrequited labor, in erecting its frowning walls and\\ngloomy dungeons.\\nWhile Spain retained her hold upon Mexico and enlarged her posses-\\nsions, and continued, with feebler efforts, to keep possession of the\\nFloridas, she took no measures to establish settlements along the Mis-\\nsissippi or to avail herself of the advantage that might have resulted\\nfrom its discovery. The Great River excited no further notice after\\nDe Soto s time. For the next hundred years it remained as it were\\na sealed mystery until the French, approaching from the north by\\nway of the lakes, explored it in its entire length, and brought to\\npublic light the vast extent and wonderful fertility of its valleys.\\nResuming the thread of our history at the place where we turned aside\\nto notice the movements of the Spanish toward the Gulf, we now pro-\\nceed with the extracts from Father Marquette s journal of the voyage\\nof discovery down the Mississippi.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nJOLIET AND MARQUETTE S VOYAGE.\\nThe day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin,\\nwhom I had always invoked, since I have been in this Ottawa country,\\nto obtain of God the grace to be able to visit the nations on the River\\nMississippi, was identically that on which M. Jollyet arrived with\\norders of the Comte de Frontenac, our governor, and M. Talon, our\\nintendant, to make this discovery with me. I was the more enraptured\\nat this good news, as I saw my designs on the point of being accom-\\nplished, and myself in the happy necessity of exposing my life for the\\nsalvation of all these nations, and particularly for the Illinois, who had,\\nwhen I was at Lapointe du Esprit, very earnestly entreated me to carry\\nthe word of God to their country.\\nWe were not long in preparing our outfit, although we were\\nembarking on a voyage the duration of which we could not foresee.\\nIndian corn, with some dried meats, was our whole stock of provisions.\\nWith this we set out in two bark canoes, M. Jollyet, myself and live\\nmen, firmly resolved to do all and suffer all for so glorious an enterprise.\\nIt was on the 17th of May, 1673, that we started from the mission\\nof St. Ignatius, at Michilimakinac, where I then was.\\nOur joy at being chosen for this expedition roused our courage\\nand sweetened the labor of rowing from morning to night. As we\\nwere going to seek unknown countries, we took all possible precau-\\ntions that, if our enterprise was hazardous, it should not be foolhardy\\nfor this reason we gathered all possible information from the Indians\\nwho had frequented those parts, and even from their accounts, traced\\na map of all the new country, marking down the rivers on which we\\nwere to sail, the names of the nations and places through which we\\nwere to pass, the course of the Great River, and what direction we\\nshould take when we got to it.\\nAbove all, I put our voyage under the protection of the Blessed\\nVirgin Immaculate, promising her that, if she did us the grace to dis-\\ncover the Great River, I would give it the name of the conception\\nSt. Ignatius was not on the Island of Mackinaw, but westward of it, on a point\\nof land extending into the strait, from the north shore, laid down on modern maps as\\nPoint St. Ignace. On this bleak, exposed and barren spot this mission was estab-\\nlished by Marquette himself in 1671. Shea s Catholic Missions, p. 364.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand that I would also give that name to the first mission I should\\nestablish among these new nations, as I have actually done among the\\nIllinois.\\nAfter some days they reached an Indian village, and the journal\\nproceeds Here we are, then, at the Maskoutens. This word, in\\nAlgonquin, may mean Fire Nation, and that is the name given to them.\\nThis is the limit of discoveries made by the French, for they have not\\nyet passed beyond it. This town is made up of three nations gathered\\nhere, Miamis, Maskoutens and Ivikabous.* As bark for cabins, in this\\ncountry, is rare, they use rushes, which serve them for walls and roofs,\\nbut which afford them no protection against the wind, and still less\\nagainst the rain when it falls in torrents. The advantage of this kind\\nof cabins is that they can roll them up and carry them easily where\\nthey like in hunting time.\\nI felt no little pleasure in beholding the position of this town. The\\nview is beautiful and very picturesque, for, from the eminence on which\\nit is perched, the eye discovers on every side prairies spreading away\\nbeyond its reach interspersed with thickets or groves of trees. The\\nsoil is very good, producing much corn. The Indians gather also\\nquantities of plums and grapes, from which good wine could be made\\nif they choose.\\nNo sooner had we arrived than M. Jollyet and I assembled the\\nSachems. He told them that he was sent by our governor to discover\\nnew countries, and I by the Almighty to illumine them with the light\\nof the gospel; that the Sovereign Master of our lives wished to be\\nknown to all nations, and that to obey his will I did not fear death, to\\nwhich I exposed myself in such dangerous voyages that we needed\\ntwo guides to put us on our way these, making them a present, we\\nbegged them to grant us. This they did very civilly, and even pro-\\nceeded to speak to us by a present, which was a mat to serve ns on our\\nvoyage.\\nThe next day, which was the 10th of June, two Miamis whom\\nthey had given us as guides embarked with us in the sight of a great\\ncrowd, who could not wonder enough to see seven Frenchmen, alone\\nin two canoes, dare to undertake so strange and so hazardous an expe-\\ndition.\\nWe knew that there was, three leagues from Maskoutens, a river\\nemptying into the Mississippi. We knew, too, that the point of the\\ncompass we were to hold to reach it was the west-southwest, but the\\n*The village was near the mouth of Wolf River, which empties into Winnebago\\nLake, Wisconsin. The stream was formerly called the Maskouten, and a tribe of this\\nname dwelt along its banks.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Marquette s voyage. 45\\nway is so cut up with marshes and little lakes that it is easy to go\\nastray, especially as the river leading to it is so covered with wild oats\\nthat you can hardly discover the channel hence we had need of our\\ntwo guides, who led us safely to a portage of twenty-seven hundred\\npaces and helped us transport our canoes to enter this river, after\\nwhich they returned, leaving us alone in an unknown country in the\\nhands of Providence.\\nWe now leave the waters which flow to Quebec, a distance of four\\nor five hundred leagues, to follow those which will henceforth lead us\\ninto strange lands.\\nOur route was southwest, and after sailing about thirty leagues we\\nperceived a place which had all the appearances of an iron mine, and\\nin fact one of our party who had seen some before averred that the one\\nwe had found was very rich and very good. After forty leagues on\\nthis same route we reached the mouth of our river, and finding our-\\nselves at 42-|\u00c2\u00b0 N. we safely entered the Mississippi on the 17th of June\\nwith a joy that I cannot express. f\\n*This portage has given the name to Portage City, Wisconsin, where the upper\\nwaters of Fox River, emptying into Green Bay, approach the Wisconsin River, which,\\ncoming from the northwest, here changes its course to the southwest. The distance\\nfrom the Wisconsin to the Fox River at this point is, according to Henry R. School-\\ncraft, a mile and a half across a level prairie, and the level of the two streams is so nearly\\nthe same that in high water loaded canoes formerly passed from the one to the other\\nacross this low prairie. For many miles below the portage the channel of Fox River\\nwas choked with a growth of tangled wild rice. The stream frequently expanding\\ninto little lakes, and its winding, crooked course through the prairie, well justifies the\\ntradition of the Winnebago Indians concerning its origin. A vast serpent that lived\\nin the waters of the Mississippi took a freak to visit the great lakes he left his trail\\nwhere he crossed over the prairie, which, collecting the waters as they fell from the rains\\nof heaven, at length became Fox River. The little lakes along its course were, prob-\\nably, the places where he flourished about in his uneasy slumbers at night. Mrs. John\\nH. Kinzie s AVaubun, p. 80.\\nf Father Marquette, agreeably to his vow, named the river the Immaculate Concep-\\ntion. Nine years later, when Robert La Salle, having discovered the river in its entire\\nlength, took possession at its mouth of the whole Mississippi Valley, he named the\\nriver Colbert, in honor of the Minister of the Navy, a man renowned alike for his\\nability, at the head of the Department of the Marine, and for the encouragement he\\ngave to literature, science and art. Still later, in 1712, when the vast country drained by\\nits waters was farmed out to private enterprise, as appears from letters patent from the\\nKing of France, conveying the whole to M. Crozat, the name of the river was changed\\nto St. Lewis. Fortunately the Mississippi retains its aboriginal name, which is a com-\\npound from the two Algonquin words missi, signifying great, and sepe, a river. The\\nformer is variously pronounced missil or michil, as in Michilimakinac michi, as in Mich-\\nigan missu, as in Missouri, and missi, as in the Mississeneway of the Wabash. The\\nvariation in pronunciation is not greater than we might expect in an unwritten lan-\\nguage. The Western Indians, says Mr. Schoolcraft, have no other word than missi\\nto express the highest degree of magnitude, either in a moral or in a physical sense, and\\nit may be considered as not only synonymous to our word great, but also magnificent,\\nsupreme, stupendous, etc. Father Hennepin, who next to Marquette wrote concern-\\ning the derivation of the name, says Mississippi, in the language of the Illinois,\\nmeans the great river. Some authors, perhaps with more regard for a pleasing fic-\\ntion than plain matter-of-fact, have rendered Mississippi The Father of Waters;\\nwhereas, ws, nousscy and nosha mean father, and neebi, nipt or nepee mean water, as\\nuniversally in the dialect of Algonquin tribes, as does the word missi mean great and\\nsepi a river.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "46 HISTORIC NOTES OK THE NORTHWEST.\\nHaving descended as far as 41\u00c2\u00b0 28 following the same direction,\\nwe find that turkeys have taken the place of game, and pisikious (buf-\\nfalo) or wild cattle that of other beasts.\\nAt last, on the 25th of June, we perceived foot-prints of men by\\nthe water-side and a beaten path entering a beautiful prairie. We\\nstopped to examine it, and concluding that it was a path leading to\\nsome Indian village we resolved to go and reconnoitre we accordingly\\nleft our two canoes in charge of our people, cautioning them to beware\\nof a surprise then M. Jollyet and I undertook this rather hazardous\\ndiscovery for two single men, who thus put themselves at the mercy of\\nan unknown and barbarous people. We followed the little path in\\nsilence, and having advanced about two leagues we discovered a village\\non the banks of the river, and two others on a hill half a league from\\nthe former. Then, indeed, we recommended ourselves to God with all\\nour hearts, and having implored his help we passed on undiscovered,\\nand came so near that we even heard the Indians talking. We then\\ndeemed it time to announce ourselves, as we did, by a cry which we\\nraised with all our strength, and then halted, without advancing any\\nfarther. At this cry the Indians rushed out of their cabins, and hav-\\ning probably recognized us as French, especially seeing a black gown,\\nor at least having no reason to distrust us, seeing we were but two and\\nhad made known our coming, they deputed four old men to come and\\nspeak to us. Two carried tobacco-pipes well adorned and trimmed\\nwith many kinds of feathers. They marched slowly, lifting their pipes\\ntoward the sun as if offering them to it to smoke, but yet without\\nuttering a single word. They were a long time coming the little way\\nfrom the village to us. Having reached us at last, they stopped to con-\\nsider us attentively.\\nI now took courage, seeing these ceremonies, which are used by\\nthem only with friends, and still more on seeing them covered with stuffs\\nwhich made me judge them to be allies. I, therefore, spoke to them\\nfirst, and asked them who they were. They answered that they were\\nIllinois, and in token of peace they presented their pipes to smoke.\\nThey then invited us to their village, where all the tribe awaited us\\nwith impatience. These pipes for smoking are all called in this country\\ncalumets, a word that is so much in use that I shall be obliged to employ\\nit in order to be understood, as I shall have to speak of it frecpnently.\\nAt the door of the cabin in which we were to be received was an\\nold man awaiting us in a very remarkable posture, which is their usual\\nceremony in receiving strangers. This man was standing perfectly\\nnaked, with his hands stretched out and raised toward the sun, as if he\\nwished to screen himself from its rays, which, nevertheless, passed", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "PRESENTATION OF THE CALUMET. 47\\nthrough his ringers to his face. When we came near him he paid us\\nthis compliment How beautiful is the sun, O Frenchman, when\\nthou comest to visit us All our town awaits thee, and thou shalt\\nenter all our cabins in peace. He then took us into his, where there\\nwas a crowd of people, who devoured us with their eyes but kept a\\nprofound silence. We heard, however, these words occasionally ad-\\ndressed to us Well done, brothers, to visit us As soon as we had\\ntaken our places they showed us the usual civility of the country,\\nwhich is to present the calumet. You must not refuse it unless you\\nwould pass for an enemy, or at least for being very impolite. It is,\\nhowever, enough to pretend to smoke. While all the old men smoked\\nafter us to honor us, some came to invite us, on behalf of the great\\nsachem of all the Illinois, to proceed to his town, where he wished to\\nhold a council with us. We went with a good retinue, for all the\\npeople who had never seen a Frenchman among them could not tire\\nlooking at us they threw themselves on the grass by the wayside,\\nthey ran ahead, then turned and walked back to see us again. All this\\nwas done without noise, and with marks of a great respect entertained\\nfor us.\\nHaving arrived at the great sachem s town, we espied him at his\\ncabin door between two old men all three standing naked, with their\\ncalumet turned to the sun. He harangued us in a few words, to con-\\ngratulate us on our arrival, and then presented us his calumet and made\\nus smoke at the same time we entered his cabin, where we received\\nall their usual greetings. Seeing all assembled and in silence, I spoke\\nto them by four presents which I made. By the first, I said that we\\nmarched in peace to visit the nations on the river to the sea by the\\nsecond, I declared to them that God, their creator, had pity on them,\\nsince, after their having been so long ignorant of him, he wished to\\nbecome known to all nations that I was sent on his behalf with this\\ndesign that it was for them to acknowledge and obey him by the\\nthird, that the great chief of the French informed them that he spread\\npeace everywhere, and had overcome the Iroquois lastly, by the fourth,\\nwe begged them to give us all the information they had of the sea, and\\nof nations through which we should have to pass to reach it.\\nWhen I had finished my speech, the sachem rose, and laying his\\nhand on the head of a little slave whom he was about to give us, spoke\\nthus I thank thee, Black-gown, and thee, Frenchman, addressing\\nM. Jollyet, for taking so much pains to come and visit us. Never has\\nthe earth been so beautiful, nor the sun so bright, as to-day never has\\nour river been so calm, nor so free from rocks, which your canoes have\\nremoved as they passed never has our tobacco had so fine a flavor,", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nnor our corn appeared so beautiful as we behold it to-day. Here is my\\nson that I give thee that thou may est know my heart. I pray thee\\ntake pity on me and all my nation. Thou knowest the Great Spirit\\nwho has made us all thou speakest to him and hearest his word ask\\nhim to give me life and health, and come and dwell with us that we\\nmay know him. Saying this, he placed the little slave near us and\\nmade us a second present, an all mysterious calumet, which they value\\nmore than a slave. By this present he showed us his esteem for our\\ngovernor, after the account we had given of him. By the third he\\nbegged us, on behalf of his whole nation, not to proceed farther on\\naccount of the great dangers to which we exposed ourselves.\\nI replied that I did not fear death, and that I esteemed no happi-\\nness greater than that of losing my life for the glory of him who made\\nus all. But this these poor people could not understand. The coun-\\ncil was followed by a great feast which consisted of four courses, which\\nwe had to take with all their ways. The first course was a great wooden\\ndish full of sagamity, that is to say, of Indian meal boiled in water\\nand seasoned with grease. The master of ceremonies, with a spoonful\\nof sagamity, presented it three or four times to my mouth, as we would\\ndo with a little child he did the same to M. Jollyet. For the second\\ncourse, he brought in a second dish containing three fish he took\\nsome pains to remove the bones, and having blown upon it to cool it,\\nput it in my mouth as we would food to a bird. For the third course\\nthey produced a large dog which they had just killed, but, learning\\nthat we did not eat it, withdrew it. Finally, the fourth course was a\\npiece of wild ox, the fattest portions of which were put into our\\nmouths.\\nWe took leave of our Illinois about the end of June, and em-\\nbarked in sight of all the tribe, who admire our little canoes, having\\nnever seen the like.\\nAs Ave were discoursing, while sailing gently down a beautiful,\\nstill, clear water, we heard the noise of a rapid into which we were\\nabout to fall. I have seen nothing more frightful a mass of large\\ntrees, entire, with branches, real floating islands, came rushing from\\nthe mouth of the river Pekitanolii, so impetuously that we could not,\\nwithout great danger, expose ourselves to pass across. The agitation\\nwas so great that the water was all muddy and could not get clear.*\\nPekitanolii, with the aboriginals, signified muddy water, on the authority of\\nFather Marest, in his letter referred to in a previous note. The present name, Mis-\\nsouri, according to Le Page du Pratz, vol. 2, p. 157, was derived from the tribe, Mis-\\nsouris, whose village was some forty leagues above its mouth, and who massacred a\\nFrench garrison situated in that part of the country. The late statesman and orator,\\nThomas A. Benton, referring to the muddiness prevailing at all seasons of the year in\\nthe Missouri River, said that its waters were too thick to swim in and too thin to\\nwalk on.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "BLOT AGAINST MARQUETTE S LIFE. 49\\nAfter having made about twenty leagues due south, and a little\\nless to the southeast, we came to a river called Ouabouskigou, the mouth\\nof which is at 36\u00c2\u00b0 north.* This river comes from the country on the\\neast inhabited by the Chaouanons, in such numbers that they reckon\\nas many as twenty-three villages in one district, and fifteen in another,\\nlying quite near each other. They are by no means warlike, and are\\nthe people the Iroquois go far to seek in order to wage an unprovoked\\nwar upon them and as these poor people cannot defend themselves\\nthey allow themselves to be taken and carried off like sheep, and, inno-\\ncent as they are, do not fail to experience the barbarity of the Iroquois,\\nwho burn them cruelly.\\nHaving arrived about half a league from Akansea (Arkansas\\nRiver), we saw two canoes coining toward us. The commander was\\nstanding up holding in his hand a calumet, with which he made signs\\naccording to the custom of the country. He approached us, singing quite\\nagreeably, and invited us to smoke, after which he presented us some\\nsagamity and bread made of Indian corn, of which we ate a little.\\nWe fortunately .found among them a man who understood Illinois much\\nbetter than the man we brought from Mitchigameh. By means of\\nhim, I first spoke to the assembly by ordinary presents. They admired\\nwhat I told them of God and the mysteries of our holy faith, and\\nshowed a great desire to keep me with them to instruct them.\\nWe then asked them what they knew of the sea they replied\\nthat we were only ten days journey from it (we could have made the\\ndistance in five days) that they did not know the nations who inhab-\\nited it, because their enemies prevented their commerce with those\\nEuropeans that the Indians with fire-arms whom we had met were\\ntheir enemies, who cut off the passage to the sea, and prevented their\\nmaking the acquaintance of the Europeans, or having any commerce\\nwith them that besides we should expose ourselves greatly by passing\\non, in consequence of the continual war parties that their enemies sent\\nout on the river; since, being armed and used to Avar, we could not,\\nwithout evident danger, advance on that river which they constantly\\noccupy.\\nIn the evening the sachems held a secret council on the design of\\nsome to kill us for plunder, but the chief broke up all these schemes,\\nand sending for us, danced the calumet in our presence, and then, to\\nremove all fears, presented it to me.\\nM. Jollyet and I held another council to deliberate on what we\\nshould do, whether we should push on, or rest satisfied with the dis-\\n*The Wabash here appears, for the first time, by name. A more extended notice\\nof the various names by which this stream has been known will be given farther on.\\n4", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ncovery that we had made. After having attentively considered that\\nwe were not far from the Gulf of Mexico, the basin of which is 31\u00c2\u00b0\\n40 north, and we at 33\u00c2\u00b0 40 so that we could not be more than two\\nor three days journey off that the Mississippi undoubtedly had its\\nmouth in Florida or the Gulf of Mexico, and not on the east in Vir-\\nginia, whose sea-coast is at 34\u00c2\u00b0 north, which we had passed, without\\nhaving as yet reached the sea, nor on the western side in California,\\nbecause that would require a west, or west-southwest course, and we\\nhad always been going south. We considered, moreover, that we\\nrisked losing the fruit of this voyage, of which we could give no\\ninformation, if we should throw ourselves into the hands of the Span-\\niards, who would undoubtedly at least hold us as prisoners. Besides\\nit was clear that we were not in a condition to resist Indians allied to\\nEuropeans, numerous and expert in the use of fire-arms, who contin-\\nually infested the lower part of the river. Lastly, we had gathered all\\nthe information that could be desired from the expedition. All these\\nreasons induced us to return. This we announced to the Indians, and\\nafter a day s rest prepared for it.\\nAfter a month s navigation down the Mississippi, from the 42d to\\nbelow the 34th degree, and after having published the gospel as well\\nas I could to the nations I had met, we left the village of Akansea on\\nthe 17th of July, to retrace our steps. We accordingly ascended the\\nMississippi, which gave us great trouble to stem its currents. We left\\nit, indeed, about the 38th degree, to enter another river (the Illinois),\\nwhich greatly shortened our way, and brought us, with little trouble,\\nto the lake of the Illinois.\\nWe had seen nothing like this river for the fertility of the land, its\\nprairies, woods, wild cattle, stag, deer, wild-cats, bustards, swans, ducks,\\nparrots, and even beaver its many little lakes and rivers. That on\\nwhich we sailed is broad deep and gentle for sixty-five leagues.\\nDuring the spring and part of the summer, the only portage is half a\\nleague.\\nWe found there an Illinois town called Kaskaskia, composed of\\nseventy-four cabins they received us well, and compelled me to promise\\nthem to return and instruct them. One of the chiefs of this tribe, with\\nhis young men, escorted us to the Illinois Lake, whence at last we\\nreturned in the close of September to the Bay of the Fetid (Green Bay),\\nwhence we had set out in the beginning of June. Had all this voyage\\ncaused but the salvation of a single soul, I should deem all my fatigue\\nwell repaid, and this I have reason to think, for, when I was returning,\\nI passed by the Indians of Peoria. I was three days announcing the\\nfaith in their cabins, after which, as we were embarking, they brought", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHY OF JOLIET. 51\\nme, on the water s edge, a dying child, which I baptized a little before\\nit expired, by an admirable providence for the salvation of that inno-\\ncent soul.\\nCount Frontenac, writing from Quebec to M. Colbert, Minister of\\nthe Marine, at Paris, under date of November 14, 1674, announces that\\nSieur Joliet, whom Monsieur Talon advised me, on my arrival from\\nFrance, to dispatch for the discovery of the South Sea, has returned three\\nmonths ago. He has discovered some very fine countries, and a navi-\\ngation so easy through beautiful rivers he has found, that a person can\\ngo from Lake Ontario in ;i bark to the Gulf of Mexico, there being\\nonly one carrying place (around Niagara Falls), where Lake Ontario\\ncommunicates with Lake Erie. I send you, by my secretary, the map\\nwhich Sieur Joliet has made of the great river he has discovered, and\\nthe observations he has been able to recollect, as he lost all his minutes\\nand journals in the shipwreck he suffered within sight of Montreal,\\nwhere, after having completed a voyage of twelve hundred leagues,\\nhe was near being drowned, and lost all his papers and a little Indian\\nwhom he brought from those countries. These accidents have caused\\nme great regret.\\nLouis Joliet, or Jolliet, or Jollyet, as the name is variously spelled,\\nwas the son of Jean Joliet, a wheelwright, and Mary d Abancour; he\\nwas born at Quebec in the year 1645. Having finished his studies at\\nthe Jesuit college he determined to become a member of that order, and\\nwith that purpose in view took some of the minor orders of the society\\nin August, 1662. He completed his studies in 1666, but during this\\ntime his attention had become interested in Indian affairs, and he laid\\naside all thoughts of assuming the black gown. That he acquired\\ngreat ability and tact in managing the savages, is apparent from the\\nfact of his having been selected to discover the south sea by the way of\\nthe Mississippi. The map which he drew from memory, and which\\nwas forwarded by Count Frontenac to France, was afterward attached\\nto Marquette s Journal, and was published by Therenot, at Paris, in\\n1681. Sparks, in his Life of Marquette, copies this map, and ascribes\\nit to his hero. This must be a mistake, since it differs quite essentially\\nfrom Marquette s map, which has recently been brought to public notice\\nby Dr. Shea.\\nJoliet s account of the voyage, mentioned by Frontenac, is published\\nin Hennepin s Discovery of a Vast Country in America. It is very\\nmeagre, and does not present any facts not covered by Marquette s nar-\\nrative.\\nIn 1680 Joliet was appointed hydrographer to the king, and many\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, p. 121.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "52 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwell-drawn maps at Quebec show that his office was no sinecure. After-\\nward, he made a voyage to Hudson s Bay in the interest of the king;\\nand as a reward for the faithful performance of his duty, he was granted\\nthe island of Anticosti, which, on account of the fisheries and Indian\\ntrade, was at that time very valuable. After this, he signed himself\\nJoliet d Anticosty. In the year 1697, he obtained the seignory of\\nJoliet on the river Etchemins, south of Quebec. M. Joliet died in\\n1701, leaving a wife and four children, the descendants of whom are\\nliving in Canada still possessed of the seignory of Joliet, among whom\\nare Archbishop Taschereau of Quebec and Archbishop Tache of Red\\nRiver.\\nMount Joliet, on the Desplaines River, above its confluence with the\\nKankakee, and the city of Joliet, in the county of Will, perpetuate\\nthe name of Joliet in the state of Illinois.\\nJacques Marquette was born in Laon, France, in 1637. His was-\\nthe oldest and one of the most respectable citizen families of the place.\\nAt the age of seventeen he entered the Society of Jesus; received or-\\nders in 1666 to embark for Canada, arriving at Quebec in September\\nof the same year. For two years he remained at Three Rivers, study-\\ning the different Indian dialects under Father Gabriel Druillentes.\\nAt the end of that period he received orders to repair to the upper\\nlakes, which he did, and established the Mission of Sault Ste. Marie.\\nThe following year Dablon arrived, having been appointed Superior of\\nthe Ottawa missions Marquette then went to the Mission of the Holy\\nGhost at the western extremity of Lake Superior; here he remained\\nfor two years, and it was his accounts, forwarded from this place, that\\ncaused Frontenac and Talon to send Joliet on his voyage to the Mis-\\nsissippi. The Sioux having dispersed the Algonquin tribes at Lapointe,\\nthe latter retreated eastward to Mackinaw Marquette followed and\\nfounded there the Mission of St. Ignatius. Here he remained until\\nJoliet came, in 1673, with orders to accompany him on his voyage of\\ndiscovery down the Mississippi. Upon his return, Marquette remained\\nat Mackinaw until October, 1674, when he received orders to carry out\\nhis pet project of founding the Mission of the Immaculate Concep-\\ntion of the Blessed Virgin among the Illinois. He immediately set\\nout, but owing to a severe dysentery, contracted the year previous, he\\nmade but slow progress. However, he reached Chicago Creek, De-\\ncember 4, wdiere, growing rapidly worse, he was compelled to winter.\\nOn the 29th of the following March he set out for the Illinois town,\\non the river of that name. He succeeded in getting there on the 8th\\nof April. Being cordially received by the Indians, he was enabled to\\nrealize his long deferred and much cherished project of establishing", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "DEATH OF MARQUETTE. 53\\nthe Mission of the Immaculate Conception. Believing that his life\\nwas drawing to a close, he endeavored to reach Mackinaw before his\\ndeath should take place. But in this hope he was doomed to disap-\\npointment by the time he reached Lake Michigan he was so weak\\nthat he had to be carried like a child. One Saturday, Marquette and\\nhis two companions entered a small stream which still bears his\\nname on the eastern side of Lake Michigan, and in this desolate\\nspot, virtually alone, destitute of all the comforts of life, died James\\nMarquette. His life-long wish to die a martyr in the holy cause of\\nJesus and the Blessed Virgin, was granted. Thus passed away one of\\nthe purest and most sacrificing servants of God, one of the bravest\\nand most heroic of men.\\nThe biographical sketch of Joliet has been collated from a number\\nof reliable authorities, and is believed truthful. Our notice of Father\\nMarquette is condensed from his life as written by Dr. Shea, than\\nwhom there is no one better qualified to perform the task.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nEXPLORATIONS BY LA SALLE.\\nThe success of the French, in their plan of colonization, was so\\ngreat, and the trade with the savages, exchanging fineries, guns, knives,\\nand, more than all, spirituous liquors for valuable furs, yielded such\\nenormous profits, that impetus was given to still greater enterprises.\\nThey involved no less than the hemming in of the British colonies\\nalong the Atlantic coast and a conquest of the rich mines in Mexico,\\nfrom the Spanish. These purposes are boldly avowed in a letter of\\nM. Talon, the king s enterprising intendant at Quebec, in 1671 and\\nalso in the declarations of the great Colbert, at Paris, I am, says M.\\nTalon, in his letter to the king referred to, no courtier, and assert,\\nnot through a mere desire to please the king, nor without just reason,\\nthat this portion of the French monarchy will become something\\ngrand. What I discover around me makes me foresee this and those\\ncolonies of foreign nations so long settled on the seaboard already\\ntremble with fright, in view of what his majesty has accomplished\\nhere in the interior. The measures adopted to confine them within\\nnarrow limits, by taking possession, which I have caused to be effected,\\ndo not allow them to spread, without subjecting themselves, at the\\nsame time, to be treated as usurpers, and have war waged against them.\\nThis in truth is what by all their acts they seem to greatly fear. They\\nalready know that your name is spread abroad among the savages\\nthroughout all those countries, and that they regard your majesty alone\\nas the arbitrator of peace and war they detach themselves insensibly\\nfrom other Europeans, and excepting the Iroquois, of whom I am not\\nas yet assured, we can safely promise that the others will take up arms\\nwhenever we please. The principal result, says La Salle, in his\\nmemoir at a later day, u expected from the great perils and labors which\\nI underwent in the discovery of the Mississippi was to satisfy the wish\\nexpressed to me by the late Monsieur Colbert, of finding a port where\\nthe French might establish themselves and harass the Spaniards in\\nthose regions from whence they derive all their wealth. The place I\\npropose to fortify lies sixty leagues above the mouth of the river Col-\\nbert (i. e. Mississippi) in the Gulf of Mexico, and possesses all the\\nadvantages for such a purpose which can be wished for, both on account\\n54", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "EARLY LIFE OF LA SALLE. 55\\nof its excellent position and the favorable disposition of the savages who\\nlive in that part of the country. It is not our province to indulge\\nin conjectures as to how far these daring purposes of Talon and Col-\\nbert would have succeeded had not the latter died, and their active\\nassistant, Robert La Salle, have lost his life, at the hands of an assassin,\\nwhen in the act of executing the preliminary part of the enterprise.\\nWe turn, rather, to matters of historical record, and proceed with a\\ncondensed sketch of the life and voyages of La Salle, as it. was his dis-\\ncoveries that led to the colonization of the Mississippi Valley by the\\nFrench.\\nLa Salle was born, of a distinguished family, at Rouen, France.\\nHe was consecrated to the service of God in early life, and entered the\\nSociety of Jesus, in which he remained ten years, laying the foundation\\nof moral principles, regular habits and elements of science that served\\nhim so well in his future arduous undertakings. Like many other\\nyoung men having plans of useful life, he thought Canada would offer\\nbetter facilities to develop them than the cramped and fixed society\\nof France. He accordingly left his home, and reached Montreal in\\n1666. Being of a resolute and venturesome disposition, he found\\nemployment in making explorations of the country about the lakes.\\nHe soon became a favorite of Talon, the intendant, and of Frontenac,\\nthe governor, at Quebec. He was selected by the latter to take com-\\nmand of Fort Frontenac, near the present city of Kingston, on the St.\\nLawrence River, and at that time a dilapidated, wooden structure on\\nthe frontier of Canada. He remained in Canada about nine years,\\nacquiring a knowledge of the country and particularly of the Indian\\ntribes, their manners, habits and customs, and winning the confidence\\nof the French authorities. He returned to France and presented a\\nmemoir to the king, in which he urged the necessity of maintaining\\nFort Frontenac, which he offered to restore with a structure of\\nstone to keep there a garrison equal to the one at Montreal to em-\\nploy as many as fifteen laborers during the first year to clear and till\\nthe land, and to supply the surrounding Indian villages with Recollect\\nmissionaries in furtherance of the cause of religion, all at his own ex-\\npense, on condition that the king would grant him the right of seigniory\\nand a monopoly of the trade incident to it. He further petitioned for\\ntitle of nobility in consideration of voyages he had already made in\\nCanada at his own expense, and which had resulted in the great bene-\\nfit to the king s colony. The king heard the petition graciously, and\\nTalon s letter to the king: Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 73. La Salle s Memoir to\\nthe king, on the necessity of fitting out an expedition to take possession of Louisiana:\\nHistorical Collections of Louisiana, part 1, p. 5.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "56 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\non the 13th May, 1675, granted La Salle and his heirs Fort Frontenac,\\nwith four leagues of the adjacent country along the lakes and rivers\\nabove and below the fort and a half a league inward, and the adjacent\\nislands, with the right of hunting and fishing on Lake Ontario and\\nthe circumjacent rivers. On the same day, the king issued to La Salle\\nletters patent of nobility, having, as the king declares, been informed\\nof the worthy deeds performed by the people, either in reducing or\\ncivilizing the savages or in defending themselves against their frequent\\ninsults, especially those of the Iroquois in despising the greatest dan-\\ngers in order to extend the king s name and empire to the extremity\\nof that new world and desiring to reward those who have thus ren-\\ndered themselves most eminent; and wishing to treat most favorably\\nRobert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle on account of the good and laudable\\nreport that has been rendered concerning his actions in Canada, the\\nking does ennoble and decorate with the title of nobility the said cav-\\nalier, together with his wife and children. He left France with these\\nprecious documents, and repaired to Fort Frontenac, where he per-\\nformed the conditions imposed by the terms of his titles.\\nHe sailed for France again in 1677, and in the following year after\\nhe and Colbert had fully matured their plans, he again petitioned the\\nking for a license to prosecute further discoveries. The king granted\\nhis request, giving him a permit, under date of May 12, 1678, to en-\\ndeavor to discover the western part of New France the king avowing\\nin the letters patent that he had nothing more at heart than the dis-\\ncovery of that country where there is a prospect of finding a way to\\npenetrate as far as Mexico, and authorizing La Salle to prosecute dis-\\ncoveries, and construct forts in such places as he might think necessary,\\nand enjoy there the same monopoly as at Fort Frontenac, all on con-\\ndition that the enterprise should be prosecuted at La Salle s expense,\\nand completed within five years that he should not trade with the\\nsavages, who carried their peltries and beavers to Montreal and that\\nthe governor, intendant, justices, and other officers of the king in New\\nFrance, should aid La Salle in his enterprise.* Before leaving France,\\nLa Salle, through the Prince de Conti, was introduced to one Henri\\nde Tonti, an Italian by birth, who for eight years had been in the\\nFrench service. Having had one of his hands shot off while in Sicily,\\nhe repaired to France to seek other employment. It was a most for-\\ntunate meeting. Tonti a name that should be prominently associ-\\nated with discoveries in this part of America became La Salle s\\ncompanion. Ever faithful and courageous, he ably and zealously fur-\\nVide the petitions of La Salle to, and the grants from, the king, which are found\\nat length in the Paris Documents, vol. 9, pp. 122 to 127.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "LOUIS HENNEPIN. 57\\nthered all of La Salle s plans, followed and defended him under the\\nmost discouraging trials, with an unselfish fidelity that has few paral-\\nlels in any age.\\nSupplied with this new grant of enlarged powers, La Salle, in com-\\npany with Tonti,- or Tonty, as Dr. Sparks says he has seen the name\\nwritten in an autograph letter, and thirty men, comprising pilots,\\nsailors, carpenters and other mechanics, with a supply of material\\nnecessary for the intended exploration, left France for Quebec. Here\\nthe party were joined by some Canadians, and the whole force was\\nsent forward to Fort Frontenac, at the outlet of Lake Ontario, since\\nthis fort had been granted to La Salle. He had, in conformity to the\\nterms of his letters patent, greatly enlarged and strengthened its de-\\nfenses. Here he met Louis Hennepin, a Franciscan Friar, whom it\\nseems had been sent thither along with Father Gabriel de la Ribourde\\nand Zenobius Membre, all of the same religious order, to accompany\\nLa Salle s expedition. In the meantime, Hennepin was occupied in\\npastoral labors among the soldiers of the garrison, and the inhabitants\\nof a little hamlet of peasants near by, and proselyting the Indians of\\nthe neighboring country. Hennepin, from his own account, had not\\nonly traveled over several parts of Europe before coming to Canada,\\nbut since his arrival in America, had spent much time in roaming\\nabout among the savages, to gratify his love of adventure and acquire\\nknowledge.\\nHennepin s name and writings are so prominently connected with\\nthe early history of the Mississippi Valley, and, withal, his contradic-\\ntory statements, made at a later day of his life, as to the extent of his\\nown travels, have so clouded his reputation with grave doubt as to his\\nregard for truth, that we will turn aside and give the reader a sketch\\nof this most singular man and his claims as a discoverer. He was\\nbold, courageous, patient and hopeful under the most trying fatigues\\nand had a taste for the privations and dangers of a life among the\\nsavages, whose ways and caprices he well understood, and knew how\\nto turn them to insure his own safety. He was a shrewd observer and\\npossessed a faculty for that detail and little minutiae, which make a\\nnarrative racy and valuable. He was vain and much^given to self-\\nglorification. He accompanied La Salle, in the first voyage, as far as\\nPeoria Lake, and he and Father Zenobe Membre are the historians of\\nthat expedition. From Peoria Lake he went down the Illinois, under\\norders from La Salle, and up the Mississippi beyond St. Anthony s\\nFalls, giving this name to the falls. This interesting voyage was not\\nprosecuted voluntarily for Hennepin and his two companions were\\ncaptured by the Sioux and taken up the river as prisoners, often in", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "58 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ngreat peril of their lives. He saw La Salle no more, after parting with\\nhim at Peoria Lake. He was released from captivity through the\\nintervention of Mons. Duluth, a French Coureur de Bois, who had\\npreviously established a trade with the Sioux, on the upper Mississippi,\\nby way of Lake Superior. After his escape, Hennepin descended the\\nMississippi to the mouth of the Wisconsin, which he ascended, made\\nthe portage at the head of Fox River, thence to Green Bay and Mack-\\ninaw, by the route pursued by Joliet and Marquette on their way to\\nthe Mississippi, seven years before. From Mackinaw he proceeded to\\nFrance, where, in 1683, he published, under royal authority, an account\\nof his travels. For refusing to obey an order of his superiors, to return\\nto America, he was banished from France. He went to Holland and\\nobtained the favor and patronage of William III, king of England, to\\nwhose service, as he himself says, he entirely devoted himself. In\\nHolland, he received money and sustenance from Mr. Blathwait, King\\nWilliam s secretary of war, while engaged in preparing a new volume\\nof his voyages, which was published at Utrecht, in 1697, and dedicated\\nTo His Most Excellent Majesty William the Third. The revised\\nedition contains substantially all of the first, and a great deal besides;\\nfor in this last work Hennepin lays claim, for the first time, to having\\ngone down the Mississippi to its mouth, thus seeking to deprive La\\nSalle of the glory attaching to his name, on account of this very dis-\\ncovery. La Salle had now been dead about fourteen years, and from\\nthe time he went down the Mississippi, in 1682, to the hour of his\\ndeath, although his discovery was well known, especially to Hennepin,\\nthe latter never laid any claim to having anticipated him in the discov-\\nery. Besides, Hennepin s own account, after so long a silence, of his\\npretended voyage down the river is so utterly inconsistent with itself,\\nespecially with respect to dates and the impossibility of his traveling\\nthe distances within the time he alleges, that the story carries its own\\nrefutation. For this mendacious act, Father Hennepin has merited the\\nseverest censures of Charlevoix, Jared Sparks. Francis Parkman, Dr.\\nShea and other historical critics.\\nHis first work is generally regarded as authority. That he did go\\nup the Mississippi river there seems to be no controversy, while grave\\ndoubts prevail as to many statements in his last publication, which\\nwould otherwise pass without suspicion were they not found in com-\\npany with statements known to be untrue.\\nIn the preface to his last work, issued in 1697, Father Hennepin\\nassigns as a reason why he did not publish his descent of the Missis-\\nsippi in his volume issued in 1683, that I was obliged to say nothing\\nof the course of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Illinois down", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HENNEPIN AND LA SALLE. 59\\nto the sea, for fear of disobliging M. La Salle, with whom I began my\\ndiscovery. This gentleman, alone, would have the glory of having dis-\\ncovered the course of that river. But when he heard that I had done\\nit two years before him he could never forgive me, though, as I have\\nsaid, I was so modest as to publish nothing of it. This was the true\\ncause of his malice against me, and of the barbarous usage I met with\\nin France.\\nStill, his description of places he did visit the aboriginal names\\nand geographical features of localities his observations, especially upon\\nthe manners and customs of the Indians, and other facts which he had\\nno motive to misrepresent, are generally regarded as true in his last as\\nwell as in his first publication. His works, indeed, are the only repos-\\nitories of many interesting particulars relating to the northwest, and\\nauthors quote from him, some indiscriminately and others with more\\ncaution, while all criticise him without measure.\\nHennepin was born in Belgium in 1640, as is supposed, and died\\nat Utrecht, Holland, within a few years after issuing his last book. This\\nwas republished in London in 1698, the translation into English being\\nwretchedly executed. The book, aside from its historical value and the\\nnotoriety attaching to it because of the new claims Hennepin makes,\\nis quite a curiosity. It is made up of Hennepin s own travels, blended\\nwith his fictitious discoveries, scraps and odd ends taken from the\\nwritings of other travelers without giving credit the whole embellished\\nwith plates and a map inserted by the bookseller, and the text empha-\\nsized with italics and displayed type all designed to render it a speci-\\nmen, as it probably was in its day, of the highest skill attained in the\\nart of book-making.\\nLa Salle brought up the St. Lawrence to Fort Frontenac the\\nanchors, cordage and other material to be used in the vessel which he\\ndesigned to construct above the Falls of Niagara for navigating the\\nwestern lakes. He already had three small vessels on Lake Ontario,\\nwhich he had made use of in a coasting trade with the Indians. One\\nof these, a brigantine of ten tons, was loaded with his effects; his men,\\nincluding Fathers Gabriel, Zenobius Membre and Hennepin, who were,\\nas Father Zenobia declares, commissioned with care of the spiritual\\ndirection of the expedition, were placed aboard, and on the 18th of\\nNovember the vessel sailed westward for the Niagara River. They\\nkept the northern shore, and run into land and bartered for corn with\\nthe Iroquois at one of their villages, situated where Toronto, Canada,\\nis located, and for fear of being frozen up in the river, which here\\nempties into the lake, had to cut the ice from about their ship. Detained\\nby adverse winds, they remained here until the wind was favorable,", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "60 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwhen they sailed across the end of the lake and found an anchorage in\\nthe mouth of Niagara River on the 6th of December. The season was\\nfar advanced, and the ground covered with snow a foot deep. Large\\nmasses of ice were floating down the river endangering the vessel, and\\nit was necessary to take measures to give it security. Accordingly the\\nvessel was hauled with cables up against the strong current. One of\\nthe cables broke, and the vessel itself came very near being broken to\\npieces or carried away by the ice, which was grinding its way to the\\nopen lake. Finally, by sheer force of human strength, the vessel was\\ndragged to the shore, and moored with a strong hawser under a protect-\\ning cliff out of danger from the floating ice. A cabin, protected with\\npalisades, for shelter and to serve as a magazine to store the supplies,\\nwas also constructed. The ground was frozen so hard that it had to be\\nthawed out with boiling water before the men could drive stakes into it.\\nThe movements of La Salle excited, first the curiosity of the Iro-\\nquois Indians, in whose country he was an intruder, and then their jeal-\\nousy became aroused as they began to fear he intended the erection of a\\nfort. The Sieur de La Salle, says the frank and modest-minded Father\\nZenobe Membre, with his usual address met the principal Iroquois\\nchiefs in conference, and gained them so completely that they not only\\nagreed, but offered, to contribute with all their means to the execu-\\ntion of his designs. The conference lasted for some time. La Salle\\nalso sent many canoes to trade north and south of the lake among\\nthese tribes. Meanwhile La Salle s enemies were busy in thwarting\\nhis plans. They insinuated themselves among the Indians in the\\nvicinity of Niagara, and filled their ears with all sorts of stories to La\\nSalle s discredit, and aroused feelings of such distrust that work on the\\nfort, or depot for supplies, had to be suspended, and La Salle content\\nhimself with a house surrounded by palisades.\\nA place was selected above the falls,* on the eastern side of the\\nriver, for the construction of the new vessel.\\nThe ground was cleared away, trees were felled, and the carpen-\\nters set to work. The keel of the vessel was laid on the 26th of Jan-\\nuary, and some of the plank being ready to fasten on, La Salle drove\\nthe first spike. As the work progressed, La Salle made several trips, over\\nice and snow, and later in the spring with vessels, to Fort Frontenac, to\\nhurry forward provisions and material. One of his vessels was lost on\\nLake Ontario, heavily laden with a cargo of valuable supplies, through\\nthe fault or willful perversity of her pilots. The disappointment over this\\ncalamity, says Hennepin, would have dissuaded any other person than\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Francis Parkman, in his valuable work, The Discovery of the Great West,\\np. 133, locates the spot at the mouth of Cayuga Creek on the American shore.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST SAIL ON LAKE ERIE. 61\\nLa Salle from the further prosecution of the enterprise. The men\\nworked industriously on the ship. The most of the Iroquois having\\ngone to war with a nation on the northern side of Lake Erie, the few\\nremaining behind were become less insolent than before. Still they\\nlingered about where the work was going on, and continued expres-\\nsions of discontent at what the French were doing. One of them let\\non to be drunk and attempted to kill the blacksmith, but the latter\\nrepulsed the Indian with a piece of iron red-hot from the forge. The\\nIndians threatened to burn the vessel on the stocks, and might have\\ndone so were it not constantly guarded. Much of the time the only\\nfood of the men was Indian corn and fish the distance to Fort Fron-\\ntenac and the inclemency of the winter rendering it out of power to\\nprocure a supply of other or better provisions.\\nThe frequent alarms from the Indians, a want of wholesome food,\\nthe loss of the vessel with its promised supplies, and a refusal of the\\nneighboring tribes to sell any more of their corn, reduced the party to\\nsuch extremities that the ship-carpenters tried to run away. They\\nwere, however, persuaded to remain and prosecute their work. Two\\nMohegan Indians, successful hunters in La Salle s service, were fortu-\\nnate enough to bring in some wild goats and other game they had\\nkilled, which greatly encouraged the workmen to go on with their task\\nmore briskly than before. The vessel was completed within six months\\nfrom the time its keel was laid. The ship was gotten afloat before en-\\ntirely finished, to prevent the designs of the natives to burn it. She\\nwas sixty tons burthen, and called the Griffin, a name given it by\\nLa Salle by way of a compliment to Count Frontenac, whose armorial\\nbearings were supported by two griffins. Three guns were fired, and\\n11 Te Deums chanted at the christening, and prayers offered up for a\\nprosperous voyage. The air in the wild forest rung with shouts of\\njoy; even the Iroquois, looking suspiciously on, were seduced with\\nalluring draughts of brandy to lend their deep-mouthed voices to the\\nhappy occasion. The men left their cabins of bark and swung their\\nhammocks under the deck of the ship, where they could rest with\\ngreater security from the savages than on the shore.\\nThe Griffin, under press of a favorable breeze, and with the help\\nof twelve men on the shore pulling at tow-ropes, was forced up against\\nthe strong current of the Niagara River to calmer waters at the en-\\ntrance of the lake. On the 7th of August, 1679, her canvas was spread,\\nand the pilot steering by the compass, the vessel, with La Salle and his\\nthirty odd companions and their effects aboard, sailed out westward\\nupon the unknown, silent waters of Lake Erie. In three days they\\nreached the mouth of Detroit River. Father Hennepin was fairly", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "62 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ndelighted with the country along this river it was so well situated\\nand the soil so fertile. Vast meadows extending back from the strait\\nand terminating at the uplands, which were clad with vineyards, and\\nplum and pear and other fruit-bearing trees of nature s own planting, all\\nso well arranged that one would think they could not have been so dis-\\nposed without the help of art. The country was also well stocked\\nwith deer, bear, wild goats, turkeys, and other animals and birds, that\\nsupplied a most relishing food. The forest comprised walnut and\\nother timber in abundance suitable for building purposes. So charmed\\nwas he with the prospect that he endeavored to persuade La Salle to\\nsettle at the De Troit, it being in the midst of so many savage na-\\ntions among whom a good trade could be established. La Salle would\\nnot listen to this proposal. He said he would make no settlement\\nwithin one hundred leagues of Frontenac, lest other Europeans would\\nbe before them in the new country they were going to discover. This,\\nsays Hennepin, was the pretense of La Salle and the adventurers who\\nwere with him for I soon discovered that their intention was to buy all\\nthe furs and skins of the remotest savages who, as they thought, did\\nnot know their value, and thus enrich themselves in one single voyage.\\nOn Lake Huron the Griffin encountered a storm. The main-yards\\nand*topmast were blown away, giving the ship over to the mercy of\\nthe winds. There was no harbor to run. into for shelter. La Salle,\\nalthough a courageous man, gave way to his fears, and said they all\\nwere undone. Everyone thereupon fell upon their knees to say pray-\\ners and prepare for death, except the pilot, who cursed and swore all\\nthe while at La Salle for bringing him there to perish in a nasty lake,\\nafter he had acquired so much renown in a long and successful naviga-\\ntion on the ocean. The storm abated, and on the 27th of August, the\\nGriffin resumed her course northwest, and was carried on the evening\\nof the same day beyond the island of Mackinaw to point St. Ignace,\\nand safely anchored in a bay that is sheltered, except from the south,\\nby the projecting mainland.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nLA SALLE S VOYAGE CONTINUED.\\nSt. Ignace, or Mackinaw, as previously stated, had become a princi-\\npal center of the Jesuit missions, and it had also grown into a head-\\nquarters for an extensive Indian trade. Duly licensed traders, as well\\nas the Coureurs de Bois, men who had run wild, as it were, and by\\ntheir intercourse with the nations had thrown off all restraints of\\ncivilized life, resorted to this vicinity in considerable numbers. These,\\nlost to all sense of national pride, instead of sustaining took every\\nmeasure to thwart La Salle s plans. They, with some of the dissatis-\\nfied crew, represented to the Indians that La Salle and his associates\\nwere a set of dangerous and ambitious adventurers, who meant to\\nengross all the trade in furs and skins and invade their liberties. These\\njealous and meddlesome busybodies had already, before the arrival of\\nthe Griffin, succeeded in seducing fifteen men from La Salle s service,\\nwhom with others, he had sent forward the previous spring, under\\ncommand of Tonty, with a stock of merchandise and, instead of\\ngoing to the tribes beyond and preparing the way for a friendly recep-\\ntion of La Salle, as they were ordered to do, they loitered about\\nMackinaw the whole summer and squandered the goods, in spite of\\nTonty s persistent efforts to urge them forward in the performance of\\ntheir duty. La Salle sent out other parties to trade with the natives,\\nand these went so far, and were so busy in bartering for and collect-\\ning furs, that they did not return to Mackinaw until November. It\\nwas now getting late and La Salle was warned of the dangerous storms\\nthat sweep the lakes at the beginning of winter; he resolved, therefore,\\nto continue his voyage without waiting the return of his men. He\\nweighed anchor and sailed westward into Lake Michigan as far as the\\nislands at the entrance of Green Bay, then called the Pottawatomie\\nIslands, for the reason that they were then occupied by bands of that\\ntribe. On one of these islands La Salle found some of the men\\nbelonging to his advance party of traders, and who, having secured a\\nlarge quantity of valuable furs, had long and impatientlj r waited his\\ncoming.\\nLa Salle, as is already apparent, determined to engage in a fur trade\\nthat already and legitimately belonged to merchants operating at\\n63", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "64 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nMontreal, and with which the terms of his own license prohibited his\\ninterfering. Without asking any one s advice he resolved to load his\\nship with furs and send it back to Niagara, and the furs to Quebec, and\\nout of the proceeds of the sale to discharge some very pressing debts.\\nThe pilot with five men to man the vessel were ordered to proceed with\\nthe Griffin to Niagara, and return with all imaginable speed and join La\\nSalle at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, near the southern shore of\\nLake Michigan. The Griffin did not go to Green Bay City, as many\\nwriters have assumed in hasty perusals of the original authorities, or\\neven penetrate the body of water known as Green Bay beyond the\\nchain of islands at its mouth.\\nThe resolution of La Salle, taken, it seems, on the spur of the\\nmoment, to send his ship back down the lakes, and prosecute his\\nvoyage the rest of the way to the head of Lake Michigan in frail\\nbirchen canoes, was a most unfortunate measure. It delayed his\\ndiscoveries two years, brought severe hardships upon himself and\\ngreatly embarrassed all his future plans. The Griffin itself was lost,\\nwith all her cargo, valued at sixty thousand livres. She, nor her crew,\\nwas ever heard of after leaving the Pottawatomie Islands. What\\nbecame of the ship and men in charge remains to this day a mystery,\\nor veiled in a cloud of conjecture. La Salle himself, says Francis\\nParkman, grew into a settled conviction that the Griffin had been\\ntreacherously sunk by the pilot and sailors to whom he had intrusted\\nher; and he thought he had, in after-years, found evidence that the\\nauthors of the crime, laden with the merchandise they had taken from\\nher, had reached the Mississippi and ascended it, hoping to join Du\\nShut, the famous chief of the Coureurs de Bois, and enrich them-\\nselves by traffic with the northern tribes.*\\nThe following is, substantially, Hennepin s account of La Salle s\\ncanoe voyage from the mouth of Green Bay south, along the shore of\\nLake Michigan, past Milwaukee and Chicago, and around the southern\\nend of the lake thence north along the eastern shore to the mouth of\\nthe St. Joseph River thence up the St. Joseph to South Bend, mak-\\ning the portage here to the head-waters of the Kankakee thence down\\nthe Kankakee and Illinois through Peoria Lake, with an account of\\nthe building of Fort Crevecoeur. Hennepin s narrative is full of in-\\nteresting detail, and contains many interesting observations upon the\\ncondition of the country, the native inhabitants as they appeared nearly\\ntwo hundred years ago. The privation and suffering to which La Salle\\nand his party were exposed in navigating Lake Michigan at that early\\nday, and late in the fall of the year, when the waters were vexed with\\nDiscovery of the Great West, p. 169.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "FIRST VOYAGE ON LAKE MICHIGAN. 65\\ntempestuous storms, illustrate the courage and daring of the under-\\ntaking.\\nTheir suffering did not terminate with their voyage upon the lake.\\nDifficulties of another kind were experienced on the St. Joseph, Kan-\\nkakee and Illinois Rivers. Hennepin s is, perhaps, the first detailed\\naccount we have of this part of the Great West, and is therefore of\\ngreat interest and value on this account.\\nWe left the Pottawatomies to continue our voyage, being fourteen\\nmen in all, in four canoes. I had charge of the smallest, which carried\\nfive hundredweight and two men. My companions being recently\\nfrom Europe, and for that reason being unskilled in the management\\nof these kind of boats, its whole charge fell upon me in stormy\\nweather.\\nThe canoes were laden with a smith s forge, utensils, tools for car-\\npenters, joiners and sawyers, besides our goods and arms. We steered\\nto the south toward the mainland, from which the Pottawatomie\\nIslands are distant some forty leagues but about midway, and in the\\nnight time, we were greatly endangered by a sudden storm. The\\nwaves dashed into our canoes, and the night was so dark we had great\\ndifficulty in keeping our canoes together. The daylight coming on,\\nwe reached the shore, where we remained for four days, waiting for the\\nlake to grow calm. In the meantime our Indian hunter went in quest\\nof game, but killed nothing other than a porcupine this, however,\\nmade our Indian corn more relishing. The weather becoming fair, we\\nresumed our voyage, rowing all day and well into the night, along the\\nwestern coast of the Lake of the Illinois. The wind again grew to fresh,\\nand we landed upon a rocky beach where we had nothing to protect\\nourselves against a storm of snow and rain except the clothing on our\\npersons. We remained here two days for the sea to go down, hav-\\ning made a little fire from wood cast ashore by the waves. We pro-\\nceeded on our voyage, and toward evening the winds again forced us\\nto a beach covered with rushes, where we remained three days and in\\nthe meantime our provisions, consisting only of pumpkins and Indian\\ncorn purchased from the Pottawatomies, entirely gave out. Our\\ncanoes were so heavily laden that we could not carry provisions with\\nus, and we were compelled to rely on bartering for such supplies on\\nuur way. We left this dismal place, and after twelve leagues rowing\\ncame to another Pottawatomie village, whose inhabitants stood upon\\nthe beach to receive us. But M. La Salle refused to let anyone land,\\nnotwithstanding the severity of the weather, fearing some of his men\\nmight run away. We were in such great peril that La Salle flung\\nhimself into the water, after we had gone some three leagues farther,\\n5", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "66 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand with the aid of his three men carried the canoe of which he had\\ncharge to the shore, upon their shoulders, otherwise it would have been\\nbroken to pieces by the waves. We were obliged to do the same with\\nthe other canoes. I, myself, carried good Father Gabriel upon my\\nback, his age being so well advanced as not to admit of his ventur-\\ning in the water. We took ourselves to a piece of rising ground to\\navoid surprise, as we had no manner of acquaintance with the great\\nnumber of savages whose village was near at hand. We sent three\\nmen into the village to buy provisions, under protection of the calu-\\nmet or pipe of peace, which the Indians at Pottawatomie Islands had\\npresented us as a means of introduction to, and a measure of safety\\nagainst, other tribes that we might meet on our way. 1\\nThe calumet has always been a symbol of amit} 7 among all the In-\\ndian tribes of North America, and so uniformly used by them in all\\ntheir negotiations with their own race, and Europeans as well and\\nFather Hennepin s description of it, and the respect that is accorded to\\nits presence, are so truthful that we here insert his account of it at\\nlength\\nThis calumet, says Father Hennepin, is the most mysterious\\nthing among the savages, for it is used in all important transactions.\\nIt is nothing else, however, than a large tobacco pipe, made of red,\\nblack, or white stone. The head is highly polished, and the quill or\\nstem is usually about two feet in length, made of a pretty strong reed\\nor cane, decorated with highly colored feathers interlaced with locks of\\nwomen s hair. Wings of gaudily plumaged birds are tied to it, mak-\\ning the calumet look like the wand of Mercury, or staff which ambas-\\nsadors of state formerly carried when they went to conduct treaties of\\npeace. The stem is sheathed in the skin of the neck of birds called\\nHilars (probably the loon), which are as large as our geese, and\\nspotted with white and black; or else with those of a duck (the little\\nwood duck whose neck presents a beautiful contrast of colors) that\\nmake their nests upon trees, although the water is their ordinary ele-\\nment, and whose feathers are of many different colors. However,\\nevery tribe ornament their calumets according to their own fancy, with\\nthe feathers of such birds as they may have in their own country.\\nA pipe, such as I have described, is a pass of safe conduct among all\\nthe allies of the tribe which has given it and in all embassies it is car-\\nried as a symbol of peace, and is always respected as such, for the sav-\\nages believe some great misfortune would speedily befall them if they\\nviolated the public faith of the calumet. All their enterprises, declara-\\ntions of war, treaties of peace, as well as all of the rest of their cere-\\nmonies, are sealed with the calumet The pipe is filled with the best", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "CANOE VOYAGE ON LAKE MICHIGAN. 1 w\\ntobacco they have, and then it is presented to those with whom they\\nare about to conduct an important affair and after they have smoked\\nout of it, the one offering it does the same. I would have perished,\\nconcludes Hennepin, had it not been for the calumet. Our three\\nmen, carrying the calumet and being well armed, went to the little\\nvillage about three leagues from the place where we landed they\\nfound no one at home, for the inhabitants, having heard that we refused\\nto land at the other village, supposed we were enemies, and had aban-\\ndoned their habitations. In their absence our men took some of their\\ncorn, and left instead, some goods, to let them know we were neither\\ntheir enemies nor robbers. Twenty of the inhabitants of this village\\ncame to our encampment on the beach, armed with axes, small guns,\\nbows, and a sort of club, which, in their language, means a head-\\nbreaker. La Salle, with four well-armed men, advanced toward them\\nfor the purpose of opening a conversation. He requested them to come\\nnear to us, saying he had a party of hunters out who might come\\nacross them and take their lives. They came forward and took seats\\nat the foot of an eminence, where we were encamped and La Salle\\namused them with the relation of his voyage, which he informed them\\nhe had undertaken for their advantage and thus occupied their time\\nuntil the arrival of the three men who had been sent out with the\\ncalumet on seeing which the savages gave a great shout, arose to their\\nfeet and danced about. We excused our men from having taken some\\nof their corn, and informed them that we had left its true value in\\ngoods they were so well pleased with this that they immediately sent\\nfor more corn, and on the next day they made us a gift of as much as\\nwe could conveniently find room for in our canoes.\\nThe next day morning the old men of the tribe came to us with\\ntheir calumet of peace, and entertained us with a free offering of wild\\ngoats, which their own hunters had taken. In return, we presented\\nthem our thanks, accompanied with some axes, knives, and several little\\ntoys for their wives, with all which they were very much pleased.\\nWe left this place and continued our voyage along the coast of\\nthe lake, which, in places, is so steep that we often found it difficult to\\nobtain a landing; and the wind was so violent as to oblige us to carry\\nour canoes sometimes upon top of the bluff, to prevent their being\\ndashed in pieces. The stormy weather lasted four days, causing us\\nmuch suffering for every time we made the shore we had to wade\\nin the water, carrying our effects and canoes upon our shoulders. The\\nwater being very cold, most of us were taken sick. Our provisions\\nagain failed us, which, with the fatigues of rowing, made old Father\\nGabriel faint away in such a manner that we despaired of his life.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "HISTORIC XOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nWith a use of a decoction of hyacinth I had with me, and which I\\nfound of great service on our voyage, he was restored to his senses.\\nWe had no other subsistence but a handful of corn per man every\\ntwenty-four hours, which we parched or boiled and. although reduced\\nto such scanty diet, we rowed our canoes almost daily, from morning\\nto night. Our men found some hawthorns and other wild berries,\\nof which they ate so freely that most of them were taken sick, and we\\nimagined that they were poisoned.\\nYet the more we suffered, the more, by God s grace, did I become\\nstronger, so that I could outrow the other canoes. Being in great dis-\\ntress. He. who takes care of his meanest creatures, provided us with\\nan unexpected relief. We saw over the land a great many ravens\\nand eagles circling in mid-air: from whence we conjectured there was\\nprev near by. We landed, and. upon search, found the half of a wild\\ngoat which the wolves had strangled. This provision was very ac-\\nceptable, and the rudest of our men could not but praise a kind Provi-\\ndence, who took such particular care of us.\\nHaving thus refreshed ourselves, we continued our voyage directly\\nto the southern part of the lake, every day the country becoming finer\\nand the climate more temperate. On the 16th of October we fell in\\nwith abundance of game. Our Indian hunter killed several deer and\\nwild goats, and our men a great many big fat turkey-cocks, with\\nwhich we regaled ourselves for several days. On the ISth we came to\\nthe farther end of the lake.* Here we landed, and our men were sent\\nout to prospect the locality, and found great quantities of ripe grapes.\\nthe fruit of which were as large as damask plums. We cut down the\\ntrees to gather the grapes, out of which we made pretty good wine,\\nwhich we put into gourds, used as rlasks, and buried them in the sand\\nto keep the contents from turning sour. Many of the trees here are\\nloaded with vines, which, if cultivated, would make as good wine as\\nany in Europe. The fruit was all the more relishing to us. because we\\nwanted bread.\\nOther travelers besides Hennepin, passing this locality at an early\\nday. also mention the same fact. It would seem, therefore, that Lake\\nMichigan had the same modifying influence upon, and equalized the\\ntemperature of, its eastern shore, rendering it as famous for its wild\\nfruits and grapes, two hundred years ago, as it has since become noted\\nfor the abundance and perfection of its cultivated varieties.\\nOur men discovered prints of men s feet. The men were ordered\\nFrom the description given of the country, the time occupied, and forest growth,\\nthe voyagers must now be eastward of Michigan City, and where the lake shore trends\\nmore rapidly to the north.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "SAVAGES PLUNDER LA SALLE. 69\\nto be upon guard and make no noise. In spite of this precaution, one\\nof our men. rinding a bear upon a tree, shot him dead and dragged\\nhim into camp. La Salle was verv angry at this indiscretion, and, to\\navoid surprise, placed sentinels at the canoes, under which our effects\\nhad been put for protection against the rain. There was a hunting\\nparty of Fox Indians from the vicinity of Green Bay. about one hun-\\ndred and twenty in number, encamped near to us. who, having heard\\nthe noise of the gun of the man who shot the bear, became alarmed,\\nand sent out some of their men to discover who we were. These\\nspies, creeping upon their bellies, and observing great silence, came\\nin the night-time and stole the coat of La Salle s footman and some\\ngoods secreted under the canoes. The sentinel, hearing a noise, gave the\\nalarm, and we all ran to our arms. On being discovered, and thinking\\nour numbers were greater than we really were, they cried out, in\\nthe dark, that they were friends. We answered, friends did not visit\\nat such unseasonable hours, and that their actions were more like\\nthose of robbers, who designed to plunder and kill us. Their headsman\\nreplied that they heard the noise of our gun. and, as they knew that\\nnone of the neighboring tribes possessed firearms, they supposed we\\nwere a war party of Iroquois, come with the design of murdering\\nthem but now that they learned we were Frenchmen from Canada.\\nwhom they loved as their own brethren, they would anxiously wait\\nuntil daylight, so that they could smoke out of our calumet. This is a\\ncompliment among the savages, and the highest mark they can give of\\ntheir affection.\\n\\\\Ve appeared satisfied with their reasons, and gave leave to four of\\ntheir old men. only, to come into our camp, telling them we would not\\npermit a greater number, as their young men were much given to\\nstealing, and that we would not suffer such indignities. Accordingly.\\nfour of their old men came among us we entertained them until\\nmorning, when they departed. After they were gone, we found out\\nabout the robbery of the canoes, and La Salle, well knowing the genius\\nof the savages, saw. if he allowed this affront to pass without resenting\\nit. that we would be constantly exposed to a renewal of like indigni-\\nties. Therefore, it was resolved to exact prompt satisfaction. La\\nSalle, with four of his men. went out and captured two of the Indian\\nhunters. One of the prisoners confessed the robbery, with the cir-\\ncumstances connected with it. The thief was detained, and his comrade\\nwas released and sent to his band to tell their headsman that the cap-\\ntive in custody would be put to death unless the stolen property were\\nreturned.\\nThe savages were greatly perplexed at La Salle s peremptory mes-", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "70 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nsage. They could not comply, for they had cut up the goods and coat\\nand divided among themselves the pieces and the buttons; they there-\\nfore resolved to rescue their man by force. The next day, October\\n30, they advanced to attack us. The peninsula we were encamped\\non was separated from the forest where the savages lay by a little sandy\\nplain, on which and near the wood were two or three eminences. La\\nSalle determined to take possession of the most prominent of these\\nelevations, and detached five of his men to occupy it, following him-\\nself, at a short distance, with all of his force, every one having rolled\\ntheir coats about the left arm, which was held up as a protection\\nagainst the arrows of the savages. Only eight of the enemy had tire-\\narms. The savages were frightened at our advance, and their young\\nmen took behind the trees, but their captains stood their ground, while\\nwe moved forward and seized the knoll. I left the two other Francis-\\ncans reading the usual prayers, and went about among the men ex-\\nhorting them to their duty I had been in some battles and sieges in\\nEurope, and was not afraid of these savages, and La Salle was highly\\npleased with my exhortations, and their influence upon his men. When\\nI considered what might be the result of the quarrel, and how much\\nmore Christian-like it would be to prevent the effusion of blood, and\\nend the difficulty in a friendly manner, I went toward the oldest\\nsavage, who, seeing me unarmed, supposed I came with designs of a\\nmediator, and received me with civility. In the meantime one of our\\nmen observed that one of the savages had a piece of the stolen cloth\\nwrapped about his head, and he went up to the savage and snatched\\nthe cloth away. This vigorous action so much terrified the savages that,\\nalthough they were near six score against eleven, they presented me\\nwith the pipe of peace, which I received. M. La Salle gave his word\\nthat they might come to him in security. Two of their old men came\\nforward, and in a speech disapproved the conduct of their young men\\nthat they could not restore the goods taken, but that, having been cut\\nto pieces, they could only return the articles which were not spoiled,\\nand pay for the rest. The orators presented, with their speeches, some\\ngarments made of beaver skins, to appease the wrath of M. La Salle,\\nwho, frowning a little, informed them that while he designed to wrong\\nno one, he did not intend others should affront or injure him but, inas-\\nmuch as they did not approve what their young men had done, and were\\nwilling to make restitution for the same, he would accept their gifts and\\nbecome their friend. The conditions were fully complied with, and\\npeace happily concluded without farther hostility.\\nThe day was spent in dancing, feasting and speech-making. The\\nchief of the band had taken particular notice of the behavior of the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "INDIAN SPEECH TO THE GRAY-COATS. 71\\nFranciscans. These gray-coats, said the chief of the Foxes, we\\nvalue very much. They go barefooted as well as we. They scorn our\\nbeaver gowns, and decline all other presents. They do not carry arms\\nto kill us. They natter and make much of our children, and give them\\nknives and other toys without expecting any reward. Those of our\\ntribe who have been to Canada tell us that Onnotio (so they call the\\nGovernor) loves them very much, and that the Fathers of the Gown\\nhave given up all to come and see us. Therefore, you who are captain\\nover all these men, be pleased to leave with us one of these gray-coats,\\nwhom we will conduct to our village when we shall have killed what\\nwe design of the buffaloes. Thou art also master of these warriors\\nremain with us, instead of going among the Illinois, who, already\\nadvised of your coming, are resolved to kill you and all of your\\nsoldiers. And how can you resist so powerful nation\\nThe day November 1st we again embarked on the lake, and came\\nto the mouth of the river of the Miamis, which comes from the south-\\neast and falls into the lake.\\nWhile the Jesuit Fathers wore black gowns as a distinctive mark of their sect, the\\nRecollects, or Franciscan missionaries, wore coats of gray.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nTHE SEVERAL MTAMIS LA SALLE S VOYAGE DOWN THE ILLINOIS.\\nMuch confusion has arisen because, at different periods, the name\\nof Miami has been applied to no less than five different rivers, viz.\\nThe St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan the Maumee, often designated as\\nthe Miami of the Lakes, to distinguish it from the Miami which falls\\ninto the Ohio River below Cincinnati then there is the Little Miami\\nof the Ohio emptying in above its greater namesake and finally\\nthe Wabash, which with more propriety bore the name of the\\nRiver of the Miamis. The French, it is assumed, gave the name\\nMiami to the river emptying into Lake Michigan, for the reason that\\nthere was a village of that tribe on its banks before and at the time of La\\nSalle s first visit, as already noted on page 24. The name was not of\\nlong duration, for it was soon exchanged for that of St. Joseph, by which\\nit has ever since been known. La Hontan is the last authority who\\nrefers to it by the name of Miami. Shortly after the year named, the\\ndate being now unknown, a Catholic mission was established up the\\nriver, and, Charlevoix says, about six leagues below the portage, at\\nSouth Bend, and called the Mission of St. Joseph and from this cir-\\ncumstance, we may safely infer, the river acquired the same name. It\\nis not known, either, by whom the Mission of St. Joseph was organ-\\nized very probably, however, by Father Claude Allouez. This good\\nman, and to whose writings the people of the west are so largely\\nindebted for many valuable historical reminiscences, seems to have been\\nforgotten in the respect that is showered upon other more conspicuous\\nthough less meritorious characters. The Mission of the Immaculate\\nConception, after Marquette s death, remained unoccupied for the space\\nof two years, then Claude Jean Allouez received orders to proceed\\nthither from the Mission of St. James, at the town of Maskoutens, on\\nFox River, Wisconsin. Leaving in October, 1676, on account of an\\nexceptionally early winter, he was compelled to delay his journey until\\nthe following February, when he again started reaching Lake Mich-\\nigan on the eve of St. Joseph, he called the lake after this saint,\\nEmbarking on the lake on the 23d of March, and coasting along the\\nwestern shore, after numerous delays occasioned by ice and storm, he\\narrived at Chicago River. lie then made the portage and entered the\\n72", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "LA SALLE KEACHES THE ST. JOSEPH. 73\\nKaskaskia village, which was probably near Peoria Lake, on the 8th of\\nApril, 1677. The Indians gave him a very cordial reception, and\\nnocked from all directions to the town to hear the Black Gown\\nrelate the truths of Christianity. For the glorification of God and the\\nBlessed Virgin Immaculate, Allonez erected, in the midst of the\\nvillage, a cross twenty-five feet high, chanting the Vexilla Regis in the\\npresence of an admiring and respectful throng of Indians he covered\\nit with garlands of beautiful flowers. Father Allonez did not remain\\nbut a short time at the mission leaving it that spring he returned in\\n1678, and continued there until La Salle s arrival in the winter of\\n1679-80. The next succeeding decade Allonez passed either at this\\nmission or at the one on St. Joseph s River, on the eastern side of Lake\\nMichigan, where he died in 1690. Bancroft says: v Allouez has\\nimperishably connected his name with the progress of discovery in the\\nWest unhonored among us now, he was not inferior in zeal and ability\\nto any of the great missionaries of his time.\\nWe resume Hennepin s narrative\\nWe had appointed this place (the mouth of the St. Joseph) for our\\nrendezvous before leaving the outlet of Green Bay, and expected to\\nmeet the twenty men we had left at Mackinaw, who, being ordered to\\ncome by the eastern coast of the lake, had a much shorter cut than we,\\nwho came by the western side besides this, their canoes were not so\\nheavily laden as ours. Still, we found no one here, nor any signs that\\nthey had been here before us.f\\nIt was resolved to advise M. La Salle that it was imprudent to\\nremain here any longer for the absent men, and expose ourselves to\\nthe hardships of winter, when it would be doubtful if we could find\\nthe Illinois in their villages, as then they would be divided into fami-\\nlies, and scattered over the country to subsist more conveniently. We\\nfurther represented that the game might fail us, in which event we\\nmust certainly perish with hunger whereas, if we went forward, we\\nwould find enough corn among the Illinois, who would rather supply\\nAllouez Journal, published in Shea s Discovery on Exploration of the Missis-\\nsippi Valley.\\nf In some works, the Geological Surveys of Indiana for 1873, p. 458, among others,\\nit is erroneously assumed that La Salle was the discoverer of the St. Joseph River.\\nWhile Fathers Hennepin and Zenobe Membre, who were with La Salle, may be the only\\naccessible authors who have described it, the stream and its location was well known\\nto La Salle and to them, as appears from their own account of it before they had ever\\nseen it. Before leaving Mackinaw, Tonti was ordered to hunt up the deserters from,\\nand to bring in the tardy traders belonging to, La Salle s party, and conduct them to\\nthe mouth of the St. Joseph. The pilot of the Griffin was under instruction to bring\\nher there. Indeed, the conduct of the whole expedition leaves no room to doubt that\\nthe whole route to the Illinois River, by way of the St. Joseph and the Kankakee port-\\nage, was well known at Mackinaw, and definitely fixed upon by La Salle, at least be-\\nfore leaving the latter place.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "74 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nfourteen men than thirty-two with provisions. We said further that\\nit would be quite impossible, if we delayed longer, to continue the\\nvoyage until the winter was over, because the rivers would be frozen\\nover and we could not make use of our canoes. Notwithstanding\\nthese reasons, M. La Salle thought it necessary to remain for the rest\\nof the men, as we would be in no condition to appear before the Illi-\\nnois and treat with them with our present small force, whom they\\nwould meet with scorn. That it would be better to delay our entry\\ninto their country, and in the meantime try to meet with some of their\\nnation, learn their language, and gain their good will by presents.\\nLa Salle concluded his discourse with the declaration that, although all\\nof his men might run away, as for himself, he would remain alone with\\nhis Indian hunter, and find means to maintain the three missionaries\\nmeaning me and my two clerical brethren. Having come to this con-\\nclusion, La Salle called his men together, and advised them that he\\nexpected each one to do his duty that he proposed to build a fort\\nhere for the security of the ship and the safety of our goods, and our-\\nselves, too, in case of any disaster. None of us, at this time, knew\\nthat our ship had been lost. The men were quite dissatisfied at La-\\nSalle s course, but his reasons therefor were so many that they yielded,\\nand agreed to entirely follow his directions.\\nJust at the mouth of the river was an eminence with a kind of\\nplateau, naturally fortified. It was quite steep, of a triangular shape,\\ndefended on two sides by the river, and on the other by a deep ravine\\nwhich the water had washed out. We felled the trees that grew on\\nthis hill, and cleared from it the bushes for the distance of two musket\\nshot. We began to build a redoubt about forty feet long by eighty\\nbroad, with great square pieces of timber laid one upon the other, and\\nthen cut a great number of stakes, some twenty feet long, to drive into\\nthe ground on the river side, to make the fort inaccessible in that direc-\\ntion. We were employed the wdiole of the month of November in\\nthis work, which was very fatiguing, having no other food than the\\nbears our savage killed. These animals are here very abundant, be-\\ncause of the great quantity of grapes they find in this vicinity. Their\\nflesh was so fat and luscious that our men grew w T eary of it, and desired\\nto go themselves and hunt for wild goats. La Salle denied them that\\nliberty, which made some murmurs among the men, and they went\\nunwillingly to their work. These annoyances, with the near approach\\nof winter, together with the apprehension that his ship was lost, gave\\nLa Salle a melancholy which he resolutely tried to but could not con-\\nceal.\\nWe made a hut wherein we performed divine service every Sun-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "FORT MIAMIS. 75\\nday and Father Gabriel and myself, who preached alternately, care-\\nfully selected such texts as were suitable to our situation, and fit to\\ninspire us with courage, concord, and brotherly love. Our exhorta-\\ntions produced good results, and deterred our men from their meditated\\ndesertion. We sounded the mouth of the river and found a sand-bar,\\non which we feared our expected ship might strike we marked out a\\nchannel through which the vessel might safely enter by attaching\\nbuoys, made of inflated bear-skins, fastened to long poles driven into\\nthe bed of the lake. Two men were also sent back to Mackinac to\\nawait there the return of the ship, and serve as pilots.*\\nM. Tonti arrived on the 20th of November with two canoes, laden\\nwith stags and deer, which were a welcome refreshment to our men.\\nHe did not bring more than about one-half of his men, having left\\nthe rest on the opposite side of the lake, within three days journey of\\nthe fort. La Salle was angry with him on this account, because he\\nwas afraid the men would run away. Tonti s party informed us that\\nthe Griffin had not put into Mackinaw, according to orders, and that\\nthey had heard nothing of her since our departure, although they had\\nmade inquiries of the savages living on the coast of the lake. This\\nconfirmed the suspicion, or rather the belief, that the vessel had been\\ncast away. However, M. La Salle continued work on the building of\\nthe fort, which was at last completed and called Fort Miamis.\\nThe winter was drawing nigh, and La Salle, fearful that the ice\\nwould interrupt his voyage, sent M. Tonti back to hurry forward the\\nmen he had left, and to command them to come to him immediately\\nbut, meeting with a violent storm, their canoes were driven against\\nthe beach and broken to pieces, and Tonti s men lost their guns and\\nequipage, and were obliged to return to us overland. A few days,\\nafter this all our men arrived except two, who had deserted. We pre-\\npared at once to resume our voyage rains having fallen that melted\\nthe ice and made the rivers navigable.\\nOn the 3d of December, 1679, we embarked, being in all thirty-\\nthree men, in eight canoes. We left the lake of the Illinois and\\nwent up the river of the Miamis, in which we had previously made\\nsoundings. We made about five-and-twenty leagues southward, but\\nfailed to discover the place where we were to land, and carry our canoes\\nand effects into the river of the Illinois, which falls into that of the\\nMeschasipi, that is, in the language of the Illinois, the great river.\\nWe had already gone beyond the place of the portage, and, not know-\\ning where we were, we thought proper to remain there, as we were\\nexpecting M. La Salle, who had taken to the land to view the country.\\n*This is the beginning, at what is now known as Benton Harbor, Michigan.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "76 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nWe staid here quite a while, and, La Salle failing to appear, I went a\\ndistance into the woods with two men, who fired off their guns to\\nnotify him of the place where we were. In the meantime two other\\nmen went higher up the river, in canoes, in search of him. We all\\nreturned toward evening, having vainly endeavored to find him. The\\nnext day I went up the river myself, but, hearing nothing of him, I\\ncame back, and found our men very much perplexed, fearing he was\\nlost. However, about four o clock in the afternoon M. La Salle returned\\nto us, having his face and hands as black as pitch. He carried two\\nbeasts, as big as muskrats, whose skin was very fine, and like ermine.\\nHe had killed them with a stick, as they hung by their tails to the\\nbranches of the trees.\\nHe told us that the marshes he had met on his way had compelled\\nhim to bring a large compass and that, being much delayed by the\\nsnow, which fell very fast, it was past midnight before he arrived upon\\nthe banks of the river, where he fired his gun twice, and, hearing no\\nanswer, he concluded that we had gone higher up the river, and had,\\ntherefore, marched that way. He added that, after three hours march,\\nhe saw a fire upon a little hill, whither he went directly and hailed us\\nseveral times; but, hearing no reply, he approached and found no per-\\nson near the fire, but only some dry grass, upon which a man had laid\\na little while before, as he conjectured, because the bed was still warm.\\nHe supposed that a savage had been occupying it, who fled upon his\\napproach, and was now hid in ambuscade near by. La Salle called out\\nloudly to him in two or three languages, saying that he need not be afraid\\nof him, and that he was agoing to lie in his bed. La Salle received\\nno answer. To guard against surprise, La Salle cut bushes and placed\\nthem to obstruct the way, and sat. down by the fire, the smoke of\\nwhich blackened his hands and face, as I have already observed. Hav-\\ning warmed and rested himself, he laid down under the tree upon the\\ndry grass the savage had gathered and slept well, notwithstanding the\\nfrost and snow. Father Gabriel and I desired him to keep with his\\nmen, and not to expose himself in the future, as the success of our\\nenterprise depended solely on him, and he promised to follow our\\nadvice. Our savage, who remained behind to hunt, finding none of\\nus at the portage, came higher up the river, to where we were, and\\ntold us we had missed the place. We sent all the canoes back under\\nhis charge except one, which I retained for M. La Salle, who was so\\nweary that he was obliged to remain there that night. I made a little\\nhut with mats, constructed with marsh rushes, in which we laid down\\ntogether for the night. By an unhappy accident our cabin took fire,\\nand we were very near being burned alive after we had gone to\\nsleep.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "ABORIGINAL NAME OF KANKAKEE. 77\\nHere follows Hennepin s description of the Kankakee portage, and\\nof the marshy grounds about the headwaters of this stream, as already\\nquoted on page 24.\\nHaving passed through the marshes, we came to a vast prairie, in\\nwhich nothing grows but grasses, which were at this time dry and\\nburnt, because the Miamis set the grasses on fire every year, in hunt-\\ning for wild oxen (buffalo), as I shall mention farther on. We found\\nno game, which was a disappointment to us, as our provisions had\\nbegun to fail. Our men traveled about sixty miles without killing\\nanything other than a lean stag, a small wild goat, a few swan and\\ntwo bustards, which were but a scanty subsistence for two and thirty\\nmen. Most of the men were become so weary of this laborious life\\nthat, were it practicable, they would have run away and joined the\\nsavages, who, as we inferred by the great fires which we saw on the\\nprairies, were not very far from us. There must be an innumerable\\nquantity of wild cattle in this country, since the ground here is every-\\nwhere covered with their horns. The Miamis hunt them toward the\\nlatter end of autumn.\\nThat part of the Illinois River above the Desplaines is called the\\nKankakee, which is a corruption of its original Indian name. St.\\nCosme, the narrative of whose voyage down the Illinois River, by\\nway of Chicago, in 1699, and found in Dr. Shea s work of Early\\nVoyages Up and Down the Mississippi, refers to it as the The-a-li-ke,\\nwhich is the real river of the Illinois, and (says) that which we de-\\nscended (the Desplaines) was only a branch. Father Marest, in his\\nletter of November 9, 1712, narrating a journey he had previously\\nmade from Kaskaskia up to the Mission of St. Joseph, says of the Illi-\\nnois River: We transported all there was in the canoe toward the\\nsource of the Illinois (Indian), which they call Hau-ki-ki. Father\\nCharlevoix, who descended the Kankakee from the portage, in his let-\\nter, dated at the source of the river Theakiki, September 17, 1721,\\nsays This morning I walked a league farther in the meadow, having\\nmy feet almost always in the water afterward I met with a kind of a\\npool or marsh, which had a communication with several others of dif-\\nferent sizes, but the largest was about a hundred paces in circuit; these\\nare the sources of the river The-a-ki-ki, which, by a corrupted pronun-\\nciation, our Indians call Ki-a-ki-ki. Theak signifies a wolf, in what\\nlanguage I do not remember, but the river bears that name because the\\nMahingans (Mohicans), who were likewise called wolves, had formerly\\nHennepin and his party were not aware of the migratory habits of the buffalo\\nand that their scarcity on the Kankakee in the winter months was because the herds\\nhad gone southward to warmer latitude and better pasturage.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntaken refuge on its banks. The Mohicans were of the Algonquin\\nstock, anciently living east of the Hudson River, where they had been\\nso persecuted and nearly destroyed by the implacable Iroquois that\\ntheir tribal integrity was lost, and they were dispersed in small fami-\\nlies over the west, seeking protection in isolated places, or living at\\nsufferance among their Algonquin kindred. They were brave, faithful\\nto the extreme, famous scouts, and successful hunters. La Salle, ap-\\npreciating these valuable traits, usually kept a few of them in his em-\\nploy. The savage, or hunter, so often referred to by Hennepin,\\nin the extracts we have taken from his journal, was a Mohican.\\nIn a report made to the late Governor Xinian Edwards, in 1812,\\nby John Hays, interpreter and Coureur de Bois of the routes, rivers\\nand Indian villages in the then Illinois Territory, Mr. Hays calls the\\nKankakee the Quin-que-que, which was probably its French-Indian\\nname.f Col. Guerdon S. Hubbard, who for many years, dating back\\nas early as 1819, was a trader, and commanded great influence with\\nthe bands of Pottawatomies, claiming the Kankakee as their country,\\ninforms the writer that the Pottawatomie name of the Kankakee is\\nKy-an-ke-a-kee, meaning the river of the wonderful or beautiful\\nland, as it really is, westward of the marshes. A-kee, Ah-ke and\\nAid, in the Algonquin dialect, signifies earth or land.\\nThe name Desplaines, like that of the Kankakee, has undergone\\nchanges in the progress of time. On a French map of Louisiana, in\\n1717, the Desplaines is laid down as the Chicago River. Just after\\nGreat Britain had secured the possessions of the French east of the\\nMississippi, by conquest and treaty, and when the British authorities\\nwere keenly alive to everything pertaining to their newly acquired\\npossessions, an elaborate map, collated from the most authentic sources\\nby Eman Bowen, geographer to His Majesty King George the Third,\\nwas issued, and on this map the Desplaines is laid down as the Illinois,\\nor Chicago River. Many early French writers speak of it, as they\\ndo of the Kankakee above the confluence, as the River of the Illi-\\nnois. Its French Canadian name is An Plein, now changed to Des-\\nplaines, or Riviere Au Plein, or Despleines, from a variety of hard\\nmaple, that is to say, sugar tree. The Pottawatomies called it She-\\nshik-mao-shi-ke Se-pe, signifying the river of the tree from which a\\ngreat quantity of sap flows in the spring.:}; It has also been sanctified\\nby Father Zenobe Membre with the name Divine River, and by authors\\nCharlevoix Journal of a Voyage to America, vol. 2, p. 184. London edition,\\n1761.\\nt History of Illinois and Life of Governor Edwards, by his son Ninian W.\\nEdwards, p. 98.\\nX Long s Second Expedition, vol. 1, p. 173.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF THE ILLINOIS. 79\\nof early western gazetteers, vulgarized by the appellation of Kickapoo\\nCreek.\\nBelow the confluence of the Desplaines, the Illinois River was, by\\nLa Salle, named the Seignelay, as a mark of his esteem for the brilliant\\nyoung Colbert, who succeeded his father as Minister of the Marine.\\nOn the great map, prepared by the engineer Franquelin in 16S4, it\\nis called River Des Illinois, or Macoupins. The name Illinois, which,\\nfortunately, it will always bear, was derived from the name of the con-\\nfederated tribes who anciently dwelt upon its banks.\\nWe continued our course, says Hennepin, upon this river (the\\nKankakee and Illinois) very near the whole month of December, at\\nthe latter end of which we arrived at a village of the Illinois, which\\nlies near a hundred and thirty leagues from Fort Miamis, on the Lake\\nof the Illinois. We suffered greatly on the passage, for the savages\\nhaving set fire to the grass on the prairie, the wild cattle had fled, and\\nwe did not kill one. Some wild turkeys were the only game we\\nsecured. God s providence supported us all the while, and as we\\nmeditated upon the extremities to which we were reduced, regarding\\nourselves without hope of relief, we found a very large wild ox stick-\\ning fast in the mud of the river. We killed him, and with much diffi-\\nculty dragged him out of the mud. This was a great refreshment to\\nour men it revived their courage, being so timely and unexpectedly\\nrelieved, they concluded that God approved our undertaking.\\nThe great village of the Illinois, where La Salle s party had now\\narrived, has been located with such certainty by Francis Parkman, the\\nlearned historical writer, as to leave no doubt of its identity. It\\nwas on the north side of the Illinois River, above the mouth of the\\nVermillion and below Starved Rock, near the little village of Utica,\\nin La Salle county, Illinois.*\\nWe found, continues Father Hennepin, no one in the village,\\nas we had foreseen, for the Illinois, according to their custom, had di-\\nvided themselves into small hunting parties. Their absence caused\\ngreat perplexity amongst us, for we wanted provisions, and yet did\\nnot dare to meddle with the Indian corn the savages had laid under\\nground for their subsistence and for seed. However, our necessity be-\\ning very great, and it being impossible to continue our voyage without\\nany provisions, M. La Salle resolved to take about forty bushels of\\ncorn, and hoped to appease the savages with presents. We embarked\\nagain, with these fresh provisions, and continued to fall down the river,\\nMr. Parkman gives an interesting account of his recent visit to, and the identifi-\\ncation of, the locality, in an elaborate note in his Discovery of the Great West, pp.\\n221, 222.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "80 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwhich runs directly toward the south. On the 1st of January we went\\nthrough a lake (Peoria Lake) formed by the river, about seven leagues\\nlong and one broad. The savages call that place Pimeteoui, that is, in\\ntheir tongue, a place where there is an abundance of fat animals.\\nResuming Hennepin s narrative The current brought us, in the\\nmeantime, to the Indian camp, and M. La Salle was the first one\\nto land, followed closely by his men, which increased the consterna-\\ntion of the savages, whom we easily might have defeated. As it was\\nnot our design, we made a halt to give them time to recover them-\\nselves and to see that we were not enemies. Most of the savages who\\nhad run away upon our landing, understanding that we were friends,\\nreturned but some others did not come back for three or four days,\\nand after they had learned that we had smoked the calumet.\\nI must observe here, that the hardest winter does not last longer\\nthan two months in this charming country, so that on the 15th of Jan-\\nuary there came a sudden thaw, which made the rivers navigable, and\\nthe weather as mild as it is in France in the middle of the spring.\\nM. La Salle, improving this fair season, desired me to go down the\\nriver with him to choose a place proper to build a fort. AVe selected\\nan eminence on the bank of the river, defended on that side by the\\nriver, and on two others by deep ravines, so that it was accessible only\\non one side. We cast a trench to join the two ravines, and made the\\neminence steep on that side, supporting the earth with great pieces of\\ntimber. We made a rough palisade to defend ourselves in case the\\nIndians should attack us while we were engaged in building the fort\\nbut no one offering to disturb us, we went on diligently with our work.\\nLouis Beck, in his Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, p. 119, says: The Indi-\\nans call the lake Pin-a-tah-wee, on account of its being frequently covered with a\\nscum which has a greasy appearance. Owing to the rank growth of aquatic plants\\nin the Illinois River before they were disturbed by the frequent passage of boats, and to\\nthe grasses on the borders of the stream and the adjacent marshes, and the decay\\ntaking place in both under the scorching rays of the summer s sun, the surface of the\\nriver and lake were frequently coated with this vegetable decomposition. Prof. School-\\ncraft ascended the Illinois River, and was at Fort Clark on the 19th of August, 1821.\\nUnder this date is the following extract from his Narrative Journal About 9\\no clock in the morning we came to a part of the river which was covered for several\\nhundred yards with a scum or froth of the most intense green color, and emitting a\\nnauseous exhalation that was almost insupportable. We were compelled to pass\\nthrough it. The fine green color of this somewhat compact scum, resembling that of\\nverdegris, led us at the moment to conjecture that it might derive this character from\\nsome mineral spring or vein in the bed of the river, but we had reasons afterward\\nto regret this opinion. I directed one of the canoe men to collect a bottle of this\\nmother of miasmata for preservation, but its fermenting nature baffled repeated at-\\ntempts to keep it corked. We had daily seen instances of the powerful tendency of\\nthese waters to facilitate the decomposition of floating vegetation, but had not before\\nobserved any in so mature and complete a state of putrefaction. It might certainly\\njustify an observer less given to fiction than the ancient poets, to people this stream\\nwith the Hydra, as were the pestilential-breeding marshes of Italy. Schoolcraft s\\nCentral Mississippi Valley, p. 305.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "FORT CKEVECOEUR AND ITS LOCATION. 81\\nWhen the fort was half finished, M. La Salle lodged himself, with M.\\nTonti, in the middle of the fortification, and every one took his post.\\nWe placed the forge on the curtain on the side of the wood, and laid\\nin a great quantity of coal for that purpose. But our greatest diffi-\\nculty was to build a boat, our carpenters having deserted us, we did\\nnot know what to do. However, as timber was abundant and near at\\nhand, we told our men that if any of them would undertake to saw\\nboards for building the bark, we might surmount all other difficulties.\\nTwo of the men undertook the task, and succeeded so well that we\\nbegan to build a bark, the keel whereof was forty -two feet long. Our\\nmen went on so briskly with the work, that on the 1st of March our\\nboat was half built, and all the timber ready prepared for furnishing it.\\nOur fort was also very near finished, and we named it Fort Creve-\\ncoeur, because the desertion of our men, and other difficulties we\\nhad labored under, had almost broken our hearts.\\nM. La Salle, 1 says Hennepin, no longer doubted that the Griffin\\nwas lost; but neither this nor other difficulties dejected him. His\\ngreat courage buoyed him up, and he resolved to return to Fort Fron-\\ntenac by land, notwithstanding the snow, and the great dangers attend-\\ning so long a journey. We had many private conferences, wherein it\\nwas decided that he should return to Fort Frontenac with three men,\\nto bring with him the necessary articles to proceed with the discov-\\nery, while I, with two men, should go in a canoe to the River Me-\\nschasipi, and endeavor to obtain the friendship of the nations who\\ninhabited its banks.\\nM. La Salle left M. Tonti to command in Fort Crevecceur, and\\nordered our carpenter to prepare some thick boards to plank the deck\\nof our ship, in the nature of a parapet, to cover it against the arrows\\nof the savages in case they should shoot at us from the shore. Then,\\ncalling his men together, La Salle requested them to obey M. Tonti s\\norders in his absence, to live in Christian union and charity to be\\ncourageous and firm in their designs; and above all not to give credit\\nto false reports the savages might make, either of him or of their com-\\nrades who accompanied Father Hennepin.\\nHennepin and his two companions, with a supply of trinkets suitable\\nFort Crevecceur, or the Broken Heart, was built on the east side of the Illi-\\nnois River, a short distance below the outlet of Peoria Lake. It is so located on the\\ngreat map of Franquelin, made at Quebec in 1684. There are many indications on\\nthis map, going 1 to show that it was constructed largely under the supervision of La-\\nSalle. The fact mentioned by Hennepin, that they went down the river, and that coal\\nwas gathered for the supply of the fort, would confirm this theory as to its location;\\nfor the outcrop of coal is abundant in the bluffs on the east side of the river below\\nPeoria. There is also a spot in this immediate vicinity that answers well to the site\\nof the fort as described by Fathers Hennepin and Membre.\\n6", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORIC NOTES OX THE NORTHWEST.\\nfor the Indian trade, left Fort Crevecauir for the Mississippi, on the\\n29th of February, 1G80, and were captured by the Sioux, as already\\nstated. From this time to the ultimate discovery and taking possession\\nof the Mississippi and the valleys by La Salle, Father Zenobe Membre\\nwas the historian of the expedition.\\nLa Salle started across the country, going up the Illinois and Kan-\\nkakee, and through the southern part of the present State of Michigan.\\nlie reached the Detroit River, ferrying the stream with a raft he at\\nlength stood on Canadian soil. Striking a direct line across the wilder-\\nness, he arrived at Lake Erie, near Point Pelee. By this time only\\none man remained in health, and with his assistance La Salle made a\\ncanoe. Embarking in it the party came to Niagara on Easter Monday.\\nLeaving his comrades, who were completely exhausted, La Salle on the\\n6th of May reached Fort Frontenac, making a journey of over a thou-\\nsand miles in sixty -five days, the greatest feat ever performed by a\\nFrenchman in America. 1\\nLa Salle found his affairs in great confusion. His creditors had\\nseized upon his estate, including Fort Frontenac. Undaunted by this\\nnew misfortune, he confronted his creditors and enemies, pacifying the\\nformer and awing the latter into silence. He gathered the fragments\\nof his scattered property and in a short time started west with a com-\\npany of twenty-five men, whom he had recruited to assist in the prose-\\ncution of his discoveries. He reached Lake Huron by the way of Lake\\nSimcoe, and shortly afterward arrived at Mackinaw. Here he found\\nthat his enemies had been very busy, and had poisoned the minds of\\nthe Indians against his designs.\\nWe leave La Salle at Mackinaw to notice some of the occurrences\\nthat took place on the Illinois and St. Joseph after he had departed for\\nFort Frontenac. On this journey, as La Salle passed up the Illinois,\\nhe was favorably impressed with Starved Rock as a place presenting\\nstrong defenses naturally. He sent word back to Tonti, below Peoria\\nLake, to take possession of The Rock and erect a fortification on its\\nsummit. Tonti accordingly came up the river with a part of his avail-\\nable force and began to work upon the new fort. While engaged in\\nthis enterprise the principal part of the men remaining at Fort Creve-\\ncceur mutinied. They destroyed the vessel on the stocks, plundered\\nthe storehouse, escaped up the Illinois River and appeared before Fort\\nMiami. These deserters demolished Fort Miami and robbed it of goods\\nand furs of La Salle, on deposit there, and then fled out of the country.\\nThese misfortunes were soon followed by an incursion of the Iroquois,\\nParkman s Discovery of the Great West.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "DEATH OF FATHER GABRIEL. 83\\nwho attacked the Illinois in their village near the Starved Rock. Tonti,\\nacting as mediator, came near losing his life at the hand of an infuriated\\nIroquois warrior, who drove a knife into his ribs. Constantly an object\\nof distrust to the Illinois, who feared he was a spy and friend of the\\nIroquois, in turn exposed to the jealousy of the Iroquois, who imag-\\nined he and his French friends were allies of the Illinois, Tonti\\nremained faithful to his trust until he saw that he could not avert the\\nblow meditated by the Iroquois. Then, with Fathers Zenobe Membre\\nand Gabriel Rebourde, and a few Frenchmen who had remained faith-\\nful, he escaped from the enraged Indians and made his way, in a leaky\\ncanoe, up the Illinois River. Father Gabriel one fine day left his com-\\npanions on the river to enjoy a walk in the beautiful groves near by,\\nand while thus engaged, and as he was meditating upon his holy call-\\ning, fell into an ambuscade of Kickapoo Indians. The good old man,\\nunconscious of his danger, was instantly knocked down, the scalp torn\\nfrom his venerable head, and his gray hairs afterward exhibited in tri-\\numph by his young murderers as a trophy taken from the crown of an\\nIroquois warrior. Tonti, with those in his company, pursued his course,\\npassing by Chicago, and thence up the west shore of Lake Michigan.\\nSubsisting on berries, and often on acorns and roots which they dug\\nfrom the ground, they finally arrived at the Pottawatomie towns. Pre-\\nvious to this they abandoned their canoe and started on foot for the\\nMission of Green Bay, where they wintered.\\nLa Salle, when he arrived at St. Joseph, found Fort Miamis plun-\\ndered and demolished. He also learned that the Iroquois had attacked\\nthe Illinois. Fearing for the safety of Tonti, he pushed on rapidly,\\nonly to find, at Starved Rock, the unmistakable signs of an Indian\\nslaughter. The report was true. The Iroquois had defeated the Illi-\\nnois and driven them west of the Mississippi. La Salle viewed the\\nwreck of his cherished project, the demolition of the fort, the loss of\\nhis peltries, and especially the destruction of his vessel, in that usual\\ncalm way peculiar to him and, although he must have suffered the\\nmost intense anguish, no trace of sorrow or indecision appeared on his\\ninflexible countenance. Shortly afterward he returned to Fort Miamis.\\nLa Salle occupied his time, until spring, in rebuilding Fort Miamis,\\nholding conferences with the surrounding Indian tribes, and confeder-\\nating them against future attacks of the Iroquois. He now abandoned\\nthe purpose of descending the Mississippi in a sailing vessel, and de-\\ntermined to prosecute his voyage in the ordinary wooden pirogues or\\ncanoes.\\nTonti was sent forward to Chicago Creek, where he constructed a\\nnumber of sledges. After other preparations had been made, La Salle", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "84 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand his part} 7 left St. Joseph and came around the southern extremity\\nof the lake. The goods and effects were placed on the sledges pre-\\npared by Tonti. La Salle s party consisted of twenty-three French-\\nmen and eighteen Indians. The savages took with them ten squaws\\nand three children, so that the party numbered in all fifty-four persons.\\nThey had to make the portage of the Chicago River. After dragging\\ntheir canoes, sledges, baggage and provisions about eighty leagues\\nover the ice, on the Desplaines and Illinois Rivers, they came to the\\ngreat Indian town. It was deserted, the savages having gone down\\nthe river to Lake Peoria. From Peoria Lake the navigation was open,\\nand embarking, on the 6th of February, they soon arrived at the Mis-\\nsissippi. Here, owing to floating ice, they were delayed till the 13th\\nof the same month. Membre describes the Missouri as follows: It is\\nfull as large as the Mississippi, into which it empties, troubling it so\\nthat, from the mouth of the Ozage (Missouri), the water is hardly\\ndrinkable. The Indians assured us that this river is formed b} r many\\nothers, and that they ascend it for ten or twelve days to a mountain\\nwhere it rises that be3 ond this mountain is the sea, where they see\\ngreat ships; that on the river are a great number of large villages.\\nAlthough this river is very large, the Mississippi does not seem aug-\\nmented by it, but it pours in so much mud that, from its mouth, the\\nwater of the great river, whose bed is also slimy, is more like clear\\nmud than river water, without changing at all till it reaches the sea, a\\ndistance of more than three hundred leagues, although it receives seven\\nlarge rivers, the water of which is very beautiful, and which are almost\\nas large as the Mississippi. From this time, until they neared the\\nmouths of the Mississippi, nothing especially worthy of note occurred.\\nOn the 6th of April they came to the place where the river divides\\nitself into three channels. M. La Salle took the western, the Sieur\\nDautray the southern, and Tonti, accompanied by Membre, followed\\nthe middle channel. The three channels were beautiful and deep.\\nThe water became brackish, and two leagues farther it became perfectly\\nsalt, and advancing on they at last beheld the Gulf of Mexico. La\\nSalle, in a canoe, coasted the borders of the sea, and then the parties\\nassembled on a dry spot of ground not far from the mouth of the river.\\nOn the 9th of April, with all the pomp and ceremony of the Holy\\nCatholic Church, La Salle, in the name of the French King, took pos-\\nsession of the Mississippi and all its tributaries. First they chanted\\nthe Vexilla Regis and Te Deum, and then, while the assembled\\nvoyageurs and their savage attendants fired their muskets and shouted\\nVive le Roi, La Salle planted the column, at the same time pro-\\nclaiming, in a loud voice, In the name of the Most High, Mighty,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "TAKING POSSESSION OF LOUISIANA. 85\\nInvincible, and Victorious Prince, Louis the Great, by the Grace of\\nGod King of France and of Navarre, Fourteenth of that name, I, this\\n9th day of April, one thousand six hundred and eighty-two, in virtue\\nof the commission of His Majesty, which I hold in my hand, and\\nwhich may be seen b} r all whom it may concern, have taken, and do now\\ntake, in the name of His Majesty and his successors to the crown, posses-\\nsion of this country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays, adjacent\\nstraits, and all the people, nations, provinces, cities, towns, villages,\\nmines, minerals, fisheries, streams and rivers within the extent of the\\nsaid Louisiana, from the mouth of the great river St. Louis, otherwise\\ncalled Ohio, as also along the river Colbert, or Mississippi, and the\\nrivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source beyond the\\ncountry of the Nadonessious (Sioux), as far as its mouth at the sea,\\nand also to the mouth of the river of Palms, upon the assurance we\\nhave had from the natives of these countries that we were the first\\nEuropeans who have descended or ascended the river Colbert (Missis-\\nsippi) hereby protesting against all who may hereafter undertake to\\ninvade any or all of these aforesaid countries, peoples or lands, to the\\nprejudice of His Majesty, acquired by the consent of the nations\\ndwelling herein. Of which, and of all else that is needful, I herebv\\ntake to witness those who hear me. and demand an act of the notary\\nhere present.\\nAt the foot of the tree to which the cross was attached La Salle\\ncaused to be buried a leaden plate, on one side of which were engraven\\nthe arms of France, and on the opposite, the following Latin inscription:\\nLVDOVICUS MAGNUS REGNAT.\\nNONO APRILIS CIO IOC LXXXII.\\nROBERTVS CAVALIER, CVM DOMINO DETONTI LEGATO, R, P. ZENOBIO\\nMEMBRE, RECCOLLECTO, ET VIGINTI GALL1S PRIMVS HOC FLVMEN,\\nINDE AB ILTNEORVM PAGO ENAVAGAVIT, EZVQUE OSTIVM FECIT\\nPERVIVM, NONO APRILIS ANNI.\\nCIO IOC LXXXI.\\nNote. The following is a translation of the inscription on the leaden plate:\\nLouis the Great reigns.\\nRobert Cavalier, with Lord Tonti as Lieutenant, R. P. Zenobe Membre, Recollect,\\nand twenty Frenchmen, first navigated this stream from the country of the Illinois,\\nand also passed through its mouth, on the 9th of April, 1G82.\\nAfter which, La Salle remarked that His Majesty, who was the\\neldest son of the Holy Catholic Church, would not annex any country\\nto his dominion without giving especial attention to establish the", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "86 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nChristian religion therein. He then proceeded at once to erect a cross,\\nbefore which the Vexilla and Domine Salvum fac Regem were\\nsung. The ceremony was concluded by shouting Vive le Roi\\nThus was completed the discovery and taking possession of the\\nMississippi valley. By that indisputable title, the right of discovery,\\nattested by all those formalities recognized as essential by the laws of\\nnations, the manuscript evidence of which was duly certified by a no-\\ntary public brought along for that purpose, and witnessed by the sig-\\nnatures of La Salle and a number of other persons present on the occa-\\nsion, France became the owner of all that vast country drained by the\\nMississippi and its tributaries. Bounded by the Alleghanies on the\\neast, and the Rocky Mountains on the west, and extending from an\\nundefined limit on the north to the burning sands of the Gulf on the\\nsouth. Embracing within its area every variety of climate, watered\\nwith a thousand beautiful streams, containing vast prairies and exten-\\nsive forests, Math a rich and fertile soil that only awaited the husband-\\nman s skill to yield bountiful harvests, rich in vast beds of bituminous\\ncoal and deposits of iron, copper and other ores, this magnificent\\ndomain was not to become the seat of a religious dogma, enforced by\\nthe power of state, but was designed under the hand of God to become\\nthe center of civilization, the heart of the American republic, where\\nthe right of conscience was to be free, without interference of law, and\\nwhere universal liberty should only be restrained in so far as its unre-\\nstrained exercise might conflict with its equal enjoyment by all.\\nHad France, with the same energy she displayed in discovering\\nLouisiana, retained her grasp upon this territory, the dominant race in\\nthe valley of the Mississippi would have been Gallic instead of Anglo-\\nSaxon.\\nThe manner in which France lost this possession in America will\\nbe referred to in a subsequent chapter.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI.\\nLA SALLE S RETURN, AND HIS DEATH IN ATTEMPTING A\\nSETTLEMENT ON THE GULF.\\nLa Salle and his party returned up the Mississippi. Before they\\nreached Chickasaw Bluffs, La Salle was taken dangerously ill.\\nDispatching Tonti ahead to Mackinaw, he remained there under\\nthe care of Father Membre. About the end of July he was enabled to\\nproceed, and joined Tonti at Mackinaw, in September. Owing to the\\nthreatened invasion of the Iroquois, La Salle postponed his projected\\ntrip to France, and passed the winter at Fort St. Louis. From Fort\\nSt. Louis, it would seem, La Salle directed a letter to Count Frontenac,\\ngiving an account of his voyage to the Mississippi. It is short and his-\\ntorically interesting, and was first published in that rare little volume,\\nThevenot s Collection of Voyages, published at Paris in ItiST. This\\nletter contains, perhaps, the first description of Chicago Creek and the\\nharbor, and as everything pertaining to Chicago of a historical charac-\\nter is a matter of public interest, we insert La Salle s account. It\\nseems that, even at that early day, almost two centuries ago, the idea\\nof a canal connecting Lake Michigan and the Illinois was a subject of\\nconsideration\\nThe creek (Chicago Creek) through which we went, from the lake\\nof the Illinois into the Divine River (the An Plein, or Des Plaines) is\\nso shallow and so greatly exposed to storms that no ship can venture\\nin except in a great calm. Neither is the country between the creek\\nand the Divine River suitable for a canal for the prairies between\\nthem are submerged after heavy rains, and a canal would be immedi-\\nately filled up with sand. Besides this, it is not possible to dig into\\nthe ground on account of the water, that country being nothing but a\\nmarsh. Supposing it were possible, however, to cut a canal, it would\\nbe useless, as the Divine River is not navigable for forty leagues\\ntogether; that is to say, from that place (the portage) to the village of\\nthe Illinois, except for canoes, and these have scarcely water enough in\\nsummer time.\\nThe identity of the River Chicago, of early explorers, with the\\nmodern stream of the same name, is clearly established by the map of\\nFranquelin of 1684, as well, also, as by the Memoir of Sieur de Tonti.\\n87", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "88 HISTORIC NOTES OX THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe latter had occasion to pass through the Chicago River more fre-\\nquently than any other person of his time, and his intimate acquaint-\\nance with the Indians in the vicinity would necessarily place his decla-\\nrations beyond the suspicion of a mistake. Referring to his being sent\\nin the fall of 1687, by La Salle, from Fort Miamis, at the mouth of the\\nSt. Joseph, to Chicago, already alluded to, he says: We went in\\ncanoes to the River Chicago, 1 where there is a portage which joins that\\nof the Illinois.\\nThe name of this river is variously spelled by early writers, Chi-\\ncagon, f Che-ka-kou, Chikgoua. In the prevailing Algonquin\\nlanguage the word signifies a polecat or skunk. The Aborigines, also,\\ncalled garlic by nearly the same word, from which many authors have\\ninferred that Chicago means wild onion. fl\\nWhile La Salle was in the west, Count Frontenac was removed,\\nand M. La Barre appointed Governor of Canada. The latter was the\\navowed enemy of La Salle. He injured La Salle in every possible\\nTonti s Memoir, published in the Historical Collections of Louisiana, vol. 1, p. 59.\\nt Joutel s Journal.\\nX LaHontan.\\nFather Gravier s Narrative Journal, published in Dr. Shea s Voyages Up and\\nDown the Mississippi.\\nI A writer of a historical sketch, published in a late number of Potter s Monthly,\\non the isolated statement of an old resident of western Michigan, says that the Indi-\\nans living thereabouts subsequent to the advent of the early settlers called Chicago\\nTuck-Chicago, the meaning of which was, a place without wood, and thus in-\\nvesting a mere fancy with the dignity of truth. The great city of the west has taken\\nits name from the stream along whose margin it was first laid out, and it becomes im-\\nportant to preserve the origin of its name with whatever certainty a research of all\\naccessible authorities may furnish. In the first place, Chicago was not a place with-\\nout wood, or trees; on the contrary, it is the only locality where timber was anything\\nlike abundant for the distance of miles around. The north and south branches west-\\nward, and the lake on the east, afforded ample protection against prairie fires; and Dr.\\nJohn M. Peck, in his early Gazetteer of the state, besides other authorities, especially\\nmention the fact that there was a good quality of timber in the vicinity of Chicago,\\nparticularly on the north branch. There is nowhere to be found in the several Indian\\nvocabularies of Sir Alexander Mackenzie, Dr. Edwin James, and the late Albert Gal-\\nlatin, in their extensive collections of Algonquin words, any expressions like those used\\nby the writer in Potter s Monthly, bearing the signification which he attaches to them.\\nIn Mackenzie s Vocabulary, the Algonquin word for polecat is Shi-kak. In Dr.\\nJames Vocabulary, the word for skunk is She-gahg (shegag); and Shig-gau-ga-win-\\nzheeg is the plural for onion or garlic, literally, in the Indian dialect, skunk-weeds.\\nDr. James, in a foot-note, says that from this word in the singular number, some have\\nderived the name Chi-ka-qo, which is commonly pronounced among the Indians, Shig-\\ngau-go, and Shi-gau-go-ong (meaning) at Chicago.\\nAn association of English traders, styling themselves the Illinois Land Compa-\\nny, on the 5th of July, 1773, obtained from ten chiefs of the Kaskaskia. Cahokia and\\nPeoria tribes, a deed for two large tracts of land. The second tract, in the description\\nof its boundaries, contains the following expression: and thence up the Illinois River,\\nby the several courses thereof, to Chicago, or Garlic Creek: and it may safely be as-\\nsumed that the parties to the deed knew the names given to identify the grant. Were\\nan additional reference necessary. Wau Bun, the valuable work of Mrs. John H.\\nKinzie, might also be cited, p. 190. The Iroquois, who made frequent predatory\\nexcursions from their homes in New York to the Illinois country, called Chicago Kan-\\nera- ghik vide Cadwalder Colden s History of the Five Nations.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "MISFORTUNES OF LA SALLE S COLONY. 89\\nway, and finally seized upon Fort Frontenac. To obtain redress, La-\\nSalle went to France, reaching Rochelle on the 13th of December\\n1083. Seignelay (young Colbert), Secretary of State and Minister of\\nthe Marine, was appealed to by La Salle, and became interested and\\nfurnished him timely aid in his enterprise.\\nBefore leaving America La Salle ordered Tonti to proceed and finish\\nFort St. Louis, as the fortification at Starved Rock, on the Illinois\\nRiver, was named. He charged me, says Tonti, with the duty to\\ngo and finish Fort St. Louis, of which he gave me the government,\\nwith full power to dispose of the lands in the neighborhood, and left\\nall his people under my command, with the exception of six French-\\nmen, whom he took to accompany him to Quebec. We departed from\\nMackinaw on the same day, he for Canada and I for the Illinois.* On\\nhis mission to France La Salle was received with honor by the kino-\\nand his officers, and the accounts which he gave relative to Louisiana\\ncaused them to further his plans for its colonization. A squadron of\\nfour vessels was fitted out, the largest carrying thirty-six guns. About\\ntwo hundred persons were embarked aboard of them for the purpose\\nlong projected, as we have foreseen, of establishing a settlement at the\\nmouth of the Mississippi. The fleet was under the command of M.\\nde Beaujeu, a naval officer of some distinction. He was punctilious in\\nthe exercise of authority, and had a wiry, nervous organization, as the\\nportrait preserved of him clearly shows.f La Salle was austere, and\\nlacked that faculty of getting along with men, for the want of which\\nmany of his best-laid plans foiled. A constant bickering and collision\\nof cross purposes was the natural result of such repellant natures as\\nhe and Beaujeu possessed.\\nAfter a stormy passage of the Atlantic, the fleet entered the Gulf\\nof Mexico. Coasting along the northern shore of the gulf, they failed\\nto discover the mouths of the Mississippi. Passing them, they finally\\nlanded in what is now known as Matagorda Bay, or the Bay of St.\\nBarnard, near the River Colorado, in Texas, more than a hundred\\nleagues westward of the Mississippi. The whole number of persons\\nleft on the beach is not definitely known. M. Joutel, one of the sur-\\nvivors, and the chronicler of this unfortunate undertaking, mentions\\none hundred and eighty, besides the crew of the Belle, which was\\nlost on the beach, consisting of soldiers, volunteers, workmen, women\\nand children.;}: The colony being in a destitute condition, La Salle,\\n*Tonti s Memoir.\\nf A fine steel engraving 1 copy of Mons. Beaujeu is contained in Dr. Shea s transla-\\ntion of Charlevoix s History of New France.\\n{Spark s Life of La Salle.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "90 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\naccompanied by Father Anastius Douay and twenty others, set out to\\nreach the Mississippi, intending to ascend to Fort St. Louis, and there\\nobtain aid from Tonti. They set out on the 7th of January, and after\\nseveral days journey, reached the village of the Cenis Indians. Here\\nsome of La Salle s men became dissatisfied with their hardships, and\\ndetermined to slay him and then join the Indians. The tragic tale is\\nthus related by Father Douay The wisdom of Monsieur de La Salle\\nwas unable to foresee the plot which some of his people would make\\nto slay his nephew, as they suddenly resolved to do, and actually\\ndid, on the 17th of March, by a blow of an ax, dealt by one Liotot.\\nThey also killed the valet of the Sieur La Salle and his Indian ser-\\nvant, Nika, who, at the risk of his life, had supported them for three\\nyears. The wretches resolved not to stop here, and not satistied\\nwith this murder, formed a design of attempting their commander s\\nlife, as they had reason- to fear his resentment and chastisement. As\\nM. La Salle and myself were walking toward the fatal spot where his\\nnephew had been slain, two of those murderers, who were hidden in\\nthe grass, arose, one on each side, with guns cocked. One missed Mon-\\nsieur. La Salle the other, firing at the same time, shot him in the head.\\nHe died an hour after, on the 19th of March, 1687.\\nThus, says Father Douay, died our commander, constant in ad-\\nversity, intrepid, generous, engaging, dexterous, skillful, capable of\\neverything. He who for twenty years had softened the fierce temper\\nof countless savage tribes was massacred by the hands of his own domes-\\ntics, whom he had loaded with caresses. He died in the prime of life,\\nin the midst of his course and labors, without having seen their success.\\nThe colony which La Salle had left in Texas was surprised and\\ndestroyed by the Indians. Not a soul was left to give an account of\\nthe massacre. Of the twenty who accompanied him in his attempt to\\nreach the Mississippi, Jouteh M. Cavalier, La Salle s brother, and four\\nothers determined to make a last attempt to find the Mississippi the\\nothers, including La Salle s murderers, became the associates of the less\\nbrutal Indians, and of them we have no farther account. After a long\\nand toilsome journey Joutel and his party reached the Mississippi near\\nthe mouth of the Arkansas. Here they found two men who had been\\nsent by Tonti to relieve La Salle. Embarking in canoes, they went up\\nthe Mississippi, arrived at Fort St. Louis in safety, and finally returned\\nto France by w r ay of Quebec.\\nFrom this period until 1693 the French made no further attempts\\nto colonize the Lower Mississippi. They had no settlements below the\\nFa.her Douay s Journal, contained in Dr. Shea s Discovery and Exploration of the\\nMississippi.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "BILOXI ASD MOBILE FOUNDED. Hi\\nOhio, and above that river, on the Illinois and the upper lakes, were\\nscattered only a few missions and trading posts.\\nRealizing the great importance of retaining possession of the Mis-\\nsissippi valley, the French court fitted out an expedition which con-\\nsisted of four vessels, for the purpose of thoroughly exploring the mouth\\nof the Mississippi and adjacent territory. Le Moyne Iberville was put\\nin command of the expedition. He was the third of the eleven sons\\nof Baron Longueil. They all held commissions from the king, and con-\\nstituted one of the most illustrious of the French Canadian families.\\nThe fleet sailed from Brest, France, on the 24th of October, 1698.\\nThey came in sight of Florida on the 27th of January, 1G99. They\\nran near the coast, and discovered that they were in the vicinity of\\nPensacola Bay. Here they found a colony of three hundred Spaniards.\\nSailing westward, they entered the mouth of the Mississippi on Quin-\\nquagesima Monday, which was the 2d of March. Iberville ascended\\nthe river far enough to assure himself of its being the Mississippi, then,\\ndescending the river, he founded a colony at Biloxi Bay. Leaving his\\nbrother, M. de Sauvole, in command of the newly erected fort, he sailed\\nfor France. Iberville returned to Biloxi on the 8th of January, .and,\\nhearing that the English were exploring the Mississippi, he took formal\\npossession of the Mississippi valley in the name of the French king.\\nHe, also, erected a small four-gun fort on Poverty Point, 38 miles below\\nNew Orleans. The fort was constructed very rudely, and was occupied\\nfor only one year. In the year 1701 Iberville made a settlement at\\nMobile, and this soon became the principal French town on the gulf.\\nThe unavailing efforts of the king in the scheme of colonization induced\\na belief that a greater prosperity would follow under the stimulus of\\nindividual enterprise, and he determined to grant Louisiana to Monsieur\\nCrozat, with a monopoly of its mines, supposed to be valuable in gold\\nand silver, together with the exclusive right of all its commerce for the\\nperiod of fifteen years. The patent or grant of Louis to M. Crozat is\\nan interesting document, not only because it passed the title of the\\nMississippi valley into the hands of one man, but for the reason that it\\nembraces a part of the history of the country ceded. We, therefore,\\nquote the most valuable part of it. The instrument bears date Sep-\\ntember 12th, 1712\\nLouis (the fourteenth), King of France and Navarre To all who\\nshall see these presents, greeting The care we have always had to\\nprocure the welfare and advantage of our subjects, having induced us,,\\nnotwithstanding the almost continual wars which we have been en-\\ngaged to support from the beginning of our reign, to seek all possible\\nopportunities of enlarging and extending the trade of our American", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "92 HISTORIC NOTES OX THE NORTHWEST.\\ncolonies, we did, in the year 16S3, give our orders to undertake a dis-\\ncovery of the countries and lands which are situated in the northern\\nparts of America, between New France (Canada) and New Mexico.\\nAnd the Sienr de La Salle, to whom we committed that enterprise,\\nhaving had success enough to confirm the belief that a communication\\nmight be settled from New France to the Gulf of Mex\u00c2\u00bbico by means of\\nlarge rivers; this obliged us, immediately after the peace of liyewick\\n(in 1697), to give orders for the establishment of a colony there (under\\nIberville in 1099), and maintaining a garrison, which has kept and\\npreserved the possession we had taken in the year 1683, of the lands,\\ncoasts and islands which are situated in the Gulf of Mexico, between\\nCarolina on the east, and old and New Mexico on the west. But a\\nnew war breaking out in Europe shortly after, there was no possi-\\nbility till now of reaping from that new colony the advantages that\\nmight have been expected from thence; because the private men who\\nare concerned in the sea trade were all under engagements with the\\nother colonies, which they have been obliged to follow. And where-\\nas, upon the information we have received concerning the disposition\\nand situation of the said countries, known at present by the name of\\nthe province of Louisiana, we are of opinion that there may be estab-\\nlished therein a considerable commerce, so much the more advan-\\ntageous to our kingdom in that there has been hitherto a necessit} r of\\nfetching from foreigners the greatest part of the commodities that may\\nbe brought from thence and because in exchange thereof we need\\ncarry thither nothing but the commodities of the growth and manu-\\nfacture of our own kingdom we have resolved to grant the com-\\nmerce of the country of Louisiana to the Sieur Anthony Crozat,\\nour counsellor, secretary of the household, crown and revenue, to\\nwhom we intrust the execution of this project. We are the more\\nreadily inclined thereto because of his zeal and the singular knowledge\\nhe has acquired of maritime commerce, encourages us to hope for as\\ngood success as he has hitherto had in the divers and sundry enter-\\nprises he has gone upon, and which have procured to our kingdom great\\nquantities of gold and silver in such conjectures as have rendered them\\nvery welcome to us. For these reasons, being desirous to show our\\nfavor to him, and to regulate the conditions upon which we mean to\\ngrant him the said commerce, after having deliberated the affair in our\\ncouncil, of our own certain knowledge, full power and royal authority,\\nwe by these presents, signed by our hand, have appointed and do ap-\\npoint the said Sieur Crozat to carry on a trade in all the lands pos-\\nsessed by us, and bounded by New Mexico and by the English of Caroli-\\nna, all the establishments, ports, havens, rivers, and particularly the port", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "LOUISIANA GRANTED TO CROZAT. 93\\nand haven of Isle Dauphin, heretofore called Massacre the river St.\\nLonis, heretofore called Mississippi, from the edge of the sea as far as\\nthe Illinois* together with the river St. Philip, heretofore called Mis-\\nsouris, and St. Jerome, heretofore called the Ouabache (the Wabash),\\nwith all the countries, territories, lakes within land, and the rivers which\\nfall directly or indirectly into that part of the river St. Louis. Our\\npleasure is, that all the aforesaid lands, countries, streams, rivers and\\nislands, be and remain comprised under the name of the Government\\nof Louisiana, which shall be dependent upon the general government\\nof New France, to which it is subordinate.\\nCrozat was permitted to search and open mines, and to pay the\\nking one-fifth part of all the gold and silver developed. Work in de-\\nveloping the mines was to be begun in three years, under penalty of\\nforfeiture. Crozat was required to send at least two vessels annually\\nfrom France to sustain the colonies already established, and for the\\nmaintenance of trade.\\nThe next year, 1713, there were, within the limits of Crozat s vast\\ngrant, not more than four hundred persons of European descent.\\nCrozat himself did little to increase the colony, the time of his\\nsubordinates being spent in roaming over the country in search of the\\nprecious metals. He became wearied at the end of three years spent\\nin profitless adventures, and, in 1717, surrendered his grant back to the\\ncrown. In August of the same year the French king turned Louis-\\niana over to the Western Company, or the Mississippi Company,\\nsubsequently called The Company of the Indies, at whose head\\nstood the famous Scotch banker, John Law. The rights ceded to Law s\\ncompany were as broad as the grant to Crozat. Law was an infla-\\ntionist, believing that wealth could be created without limit by the\\nmere issuing of paper money, and his wild schemes of finance were\\nthe most ruinous that ever deluded and bankrupted a confiding people.\\nLouisiana, with its real and undeveloped wealth a hundred times mag-\\nThe expression, as far as the Illinois, did not refer to the river of that name,\\nbut to the country generally, on both sides of the Mississippi, above the month of tlie\\nOhio, which, under both the French and Spanish governments was denominated the\\ncountry of the Illinois, and this designation appeared in all their records and official\\nletters. For example, letters, deeds, and other official documents bore date, respect-\\nively, at Kaskaskia, of the Illinois; St. Louis, of the Illinois; St. Charles, of the Illi-\\nnois; not to identify the village where such instruments were executed merely, but to\\ndenote the country in which these villages were situated. Therefore, the monopoly of\\nCrozat, by the terms of his patent, extended to the utmost limit of Louisiana, north-\\nward, which, by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, was fixed at the 49th\u00c2\u00b0 of latitude; vide\\nStoddard s Sketches of Louisiana, Brackenridge s Views of Louisiana. From\\nthe year 1700 until some time subsequent to the conquest of the country by the British,\\nin 1763, a letter or document executed anywhere within the present limits of the states\\nof Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, or Missouri, would have borne the superscription of Les\\nIllinoix or the Illinois.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "94 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nnitied, became tlie basis of a fictitious value, on which an enormous\\nvolume of stock, convertible into paper money, was issued. The stock\\nrose in the market like a balloon, and chamber-maids, alike with\\nwealthy ladies, barbers and bankers, indeed, the whole French peo-\\nple, gazing at the ascending phenomenon, grew mad with the desire\\nfor speedy wealth. The French debt was paid off; the depleted treasury\\nfilled poor men and women were made rich in a few days by the con-\\nstantly advancing value of the stocks of the Company of the West/\\nConfidence in the ultimate wealth of Louisiana was all that was re-\\nquired, and this was given to a degree that would not now be credited\\nas true, were not the facts beyond dispute.\\nAfter awhile the balloon exploded people began to doubt they\\nrealized that mere confidence was not solid value stocks declined\\nthey awoke to a sorrowful contemplation of their delusion and ruin.\\nLaw, from the summit of his glory as a financier, fell into ignominy,\\nand to escape bodily harm fled the country and Louisiana, from be-\\ning the source of untold wealth, sunk into utter ruin and contempt.\\nIt should be said to the credit of the company that they made\\nsome efforts toward the cultivation of the soil. The growth of tobacco,\\nsugar, rice and indigo was encouraged. Negroes were imported to till\\nthe soil. New Orleans was laid out in 1718, and the seat of govern-\\nment of lower Louisiana subsequently established there. A settlement\\nwas made about Natchez. A large number of German emigrants were\\nlocated on the Mississippi, from whom a portion of the Mississippi has\\never since been known as the German coast. The French settle-\\nments at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, begun, as appears from most authen-\\ntic accounts, about the year 1700, certainly not later, were largely\\nincreased by emigration from Canada and France. In the year 1718\\nthe Company of the West erected a fortification near Kaskaskia, and\\nnamed it Fort Chartes, having a charter from the crown so to do. It\\nis situated in the northwest corner of Randolph county, Illinois, on the\\nAmerican bottom. It was garrisoned with a small number of soldiers,\\nand was made the seat of government of the Illinois. Under the\\nmild government of the Company, the Illinois marked a steady\\nprosperity, and Fort Chartes became the center of business, fashion and\\ngaiety of all the Illinois country. In 1756 the fort was reconstruct-\\ned, this time with solid stone. Its shape was an irregular quadrangle,\\nthe exterior sides of the polygon being four hundred and ninety feet,\\nand the walls were tw T o feet two inches thick, pierced with port-holes\\nfor cannon. The walls of the fort were eighteen feet high, and con-\\ntained within, guard houses, government house, barracks, powder\\nhouse, bake house, prison and store room. A very minute description", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "FORT CHARTES. 95\\nis given of the whole structure within and without in the minutes of\\nits surrender, October 10, 1765, by Louis St. Ange de Belrive, captain\\nof infantry and commandant, and Joseph Le Febvre, the king s store-\\nkeeper and acting commissary of the fort, to Mr. Sterling, deputed by\\nMr. De Gage (Gage), governor of New York and commander of His\\nMajesty s troops in America, to receive possession of the fort and conn-\\ntry from the French, according to the seventeenth article of the treaty\\nof peace, concluded on the 10th of February, 1763, between the kings\\nof France and Great Britain.* Fort Chartes was the strongest and\\nmost elaborately constructed of any of the French works of defense in\\nAmerica. Here the intendants and several commandants in charge,\\nwhose will was law, governed the Illinois, administered justice to\\nits inhabitants, and settled up estates of deceased persons, for nearly\\nhalf a century. From this place the English commandants governed\\nthe Illinois, some of them with great injustice and severitv, from\\nthe time of its surrender, in 1765, to 1772, when a great flood inun-\\ndated the American Bottom, and the Mississippi cut a new channel so\\nnear the fort that the wall and two bastions on the west side were un-\\ndermined and fell into the river. The British garrison then abandoned\\nit, and their headquarters were afterward at Kaskaskia.\\nDr. Beck, while collecting material for his Gazetteer of Illinois\\nand Missouri, in 1820, visited the ruins of old Fort Chartes. At that\\ntime enough remained to show the size and strength of this remarkable\\nfortification. Trees over two feet in diameter were growing within its\\nwalls. The ruin is in a dense forest, hidden in a tangle of under-\\ngrowth, furnishing a sad memento of the efforts and blasted hopes of\\nLa Belle France to colonize Les fflinoix\\nThe articles of surrender are given at length in the Paris Documents, vol 10,\\npp. 1161 to 1166.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII\\nSURRENDER OF LOUISIANA BY THE INDIES COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 EARLY ROUTES.\\nIn 1731 the company of the Indies surrendered to France, Louisiana,\\nwith its forts, colonies and plantations, and from this period forward to\\nthe time of the conquest by Great Britain and the Anglo-American\\ncolonies, Louisiana was governed through officers appointed by the\\ncrown.\\nWe have shown how, when and where colonies were permanently\\nestablished by the French in Canada, about Kaskaskia, and in Lower\\nLouisiana. It is not within the scope of our inquiries to follow these\\nsettlements of the French in their subsequent development, but rather\\nnow to show how the establishments of the French along the lakes\\nand near the gulf communicated with each other, and the routes of\\ntravel by which they were connected.\\nThe convenient way between Quebec and the several villages in the\\nvicinity of Kaskaskia was around the lakes and down the Illinois\\nRiver, either by way of the St. Joseph River and the Kankakee port-\\nage or through Chicago Creek and the Des Plaines. The long winters\\nand severe climate on the St. Lawrence made it desirable for many\\npeople to abandon Canada for the more genial latitudes of southern\\nIllinois, and the still warmer regions of Louisiana, where snows were\\nunknown and flowers grew the year round. It only required the pro-\\ntection of a fort or other military safeguards to induce the Canadians\\nto change their homes from Canada to more favorable localities\\nsouthward.\\nThe most feasible route between Canada and the Lower Mississippi\\nsettlements was by the Ohio River. This communication, however,\\nwas effectually barred against the French. The Iroquois Indians, from\\nthe time of Champlain, were allies, first of the Dutch and then of the\\nEnglish, and the implacable enemies of the French. The upper waters\\nof the Ohio were within the acknowledged territory of the Iroquois,\\nwhose possessions extended westward of New York and Pennsylvania\\nwell toward the Scioto. The Ohio below Pittsburgh was, also, in the\\ndebatable ground of the Miamis northward, and Chickasaws south-\\nward. These nations were warring upon each other continually, and\\n96", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THE JIAUMEE AND WABASH ROUTE. 97\\nthe country for many miles beyond either bank of the Ohio was\\ninfested with war parties of the contending tribes.*\\nThere were no Indian villages near the Ohio River at the period\\nconcerning which we now write. Subsequent to this the Shawnees and\\nDelawares, previously subdued by the Iroquois, were permitted by the\\nlatter to establish their towns near the confluence of the Scioto, Mus-\\nkingum and other streams. The valley of the Ohio was within the\\nconfines of the dark and bloody ground. Were a voyager to see\\nsmoke ascending above the forest line he would know it was from the\\ncamp fire of an enemy, and to be a place of danger. It would indi-\\ncate the presence of a hunting or war party. If they had been suc-\\ncessful they would celebrate the event by the destruction of whoever\\nwould commit himself to their hands, and if unfortunate in the chase\\nor on the war-path, disappointment would give a sharper edge to their\\ncruelty, f\\nThe next and more reliable route was that afforded by the Maumee\\nand Wabash, laying within the territory of tribes friendly to the\\nFrench. The importance of this route was noticed by La Salle, in his\\nletter to Count Frontenac, in 1683, before quoted. La Salle says: There\\nis a river at the extremity of Lake Erie,;}: within ten leagues of the\\nstrait (Detroit River), which will very much shorten the way to the\\nIllinois, it being navigable for canoes to within two leagues of their\\nriver. As early as 1699, Mons. De Iberville conducted a colony of\\nCanadians from Quebec to Louisiana, by way of the Maumee and Wa-\\nbash. These were followed by other families, under the leadership\\nof M. Du Tessenet. Emigrants came by land, first ascending the St.\\nLawrence to Lake Erie, then ascending a river emptying into that lake\\nto the portage of Des Miamis their effects being thence transported\\nto the river Miamis, where pirogues,, constructed out of a single tree,\\nand large enough to contain thirty persons, were built, with which the\\nvoyage down the Mississippi was prosecuted. This memoir corre-\\nsponds remarkably well with the claim of Little Turtle, in his speech\\nto Gen. Wayne, concerning the antiquity of the title, in his tribe, to\\nthe portage of the Wabash at Fort Wayne. It also illustrates the\\nfact that among the first French settlers in lower Louisiana were\\nA Miami chief said that his nation had no tradition of a time when they were\\nnot at war with the Chickasaws/\\nt General William H. Harrison s Address before the Historical Society of Cin-\\ncinnati.\\nX The Maumee.\\nMeaning the Wabash.\\nExtract taken from a memoir, showing that the first establishments in Louisiana\\nwere at Mobile, etc., the original manuscript being among the archives in the depart-\\nment De la Marine et Des Colonies, in Paris, France.\\n7", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "98 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthose who found their way thither through the glorious gate, be-\\nlonging to the Miamis, connecting the Maumee and Wabash.\\nOriginally, the Maumee was known to the French as the Miami,\\nOumiami, or the River of the Miamis, from the fact that bands\\nof this tribe of Indians had villages upon its banks. It was also called\\nOttawa, or Tawwa, which is a contraction of the word Ottawa,\\nas families of this tribe resided on this river from time immemorial.\\nThe Shawnee Indian name is Ottawa-sepe, that is Ottawa River,\\nBy the Hurons, or Wyandots, it was called Cagh-a-ren-du-te, the\\nRiver of the Standing Rock. Lewis Evans, whose map was pub-\\nlished in 1755, and which is, perhaps, the first English map issued of\\nthe territory lying north and west of the Ohio River, lays down the\\nMiami as Mine-a-mi, a way the Pennsylvania Indian traders had of\\npronouncing the word Miami. In 1703, Mons. Cadillac, the French\\ncommandant at Detroit, in his application for a grant of land six\\nleagues in breadth on either side of the Maumee, upon which he pro-\\nposed to propagate silk-worms, refers to the river as Grand River f\\nAs early as 1718 it is mentioned as the Miamis River, and it bore\\nthis name more generally than that of any other from 1718 to a pe-\\nriod subsequent to the War of 1812. Capt Robert M Afee, who was\\nin the various campaigns up and down the Maumee during the War\\nof 1812, and whose history of this war, published at Lexington, Ky.,\\nin 1816, gives the most authentic account of the military movements\\nin this quarter, makes frequent mention of the river by the name of\\nMiami, occasionally designating it as the Miami of the Lake.\\nGen. Joseph Harmar, in his report of the military expedition con-\\nducted by him to Fort Wayne, in October, 1790, calls the Miami the\\nOmee. He says: As there are three Miamis in the northwestern\\nterritory, all bearing the name of Miami, I shall in the future, for dis-\\ntinction s sake, when speaking of the Miami of the Lake, call it the\\nOmee, and its towns the Omee Towns. By this name they are best\\nknown on the frontier. It is only, however, one of the many corrup-\\ntions or contractions universally used among the French-Americans in\\npronouncing Indian names. Au-Mi, for instance, is the contraction\\nfor Au Miami.\\nThe habit of the Coureur de Bois and others using the mongrel\\nlanguage of the border Canadians, as well, also, the custom prevailing\\nAccount of the Present State of Indian Tribes, etc., Inhabiting Ohio. By John\\nJohnson, Indian Agent, June 17, 1819. Published in vol. 1 of Archseologia Americana.\\nf Sheldon s History of Michigan, p. 108.\\nX Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 886 and 891.\\nC4en. Harmar s official letter to the Secretary of War, under date of November 23,\\n1790, published in the American State Papers.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "ORIGIN OF THE NAME MAUMEE. 99\\namong this class of persons in giving nicknames to rivers and locali-\\nties, has involved other observers besides Gen. Harmar in the same\\nperplexity. Thomas Hutchins, the American geographer, and Capt.\\nHarry Gordon visited Kaskaskia and the adjacent territory subsequent\\nto the conquest of the northwest territory from the French, and be-\\ncame hopelessly entangled in the contractions and epithets applied to\\nthe surrounding villages on both sides of the Mississippi. Kaskaskia\\nwas abbreviated to Au-kas and St. Louis nicknamed Pain Court\\nShort Bread; Carondelet was called Vide Pouche Empty\\nPocket; Ste. Genevieve was called Missier Misery. The Kas-\\nkaskia, after being shortened to Au-kaus, pronounced Okau, has\\nbeen further corrupted to Okaw, and at this day we have the singu-\\nlar contradiction of the ancient Kaskaskia being called Kaskaskia near\\nits mouth and Okaw at its source,\\nThe Miamis, or bands of their tribe, had villages in order of time\\nfirst on the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, then upon the Maumee; after\\nthis, 1750, they, with factions of other tribes who had become disaffected\\ntoward the French, established a mixed village upon the stream now\\nknown as the Great Miami, which empties into the Ohio, and in this way\\nthe name of Miami has been transferred, successively, from the St. Jo-\\nseph to the Miami, and from the latter to the present Miami, with\\nwhich it has become permanently identified.* The Miamis were, also,\\ncalled the Mau-mees, this manner of spelling growing out of one\\nof the several methods of pronouncing the word Miami and it is\\ndoubtless from this source that the name of Maumee is derived f\\nIn this connection we may note the fact that the St. Marys and the\\nAu-glaize were named by the Shawnee Indians, as follows The first\\nwas called by this tribe, who had several villages upon its banks, the\\nCo-kothe-ke-sepe, Kettle River; and the Auglaize Cowthen-e-\\nke-sepe, or Fallen Timber River. These aboriginal names are given\\nby Mr. John Johnson, in his published account of the Indian tribes\\nbefore referred to4\\nWe will now give a derivation of the name of the Wabash, which\\nhas been the result of an examination of a number of authorities.\\nEarly French writers have spelled the word in various ways, each en-\\ndeavoring, with more or less success, to represent the name as the sev-\\n*The aboriginal name of the Great Miami was Assin-erient, or Rocky River,\\nfrom the word Assin, or Ussin, the Algonquin appellation for stone or stony. Lewis\\nEvan s map of 1755.\\nt In an official letter of Gen. Harrison to the Secretary of War, dated March 22,\\n1814, the name Miamis and Matimees are given as synonymous terms, referring\\nto the same tribe.\\nX Mr. Johnson had charge of the Indian affairs in Ohio for many years, and was\\nespecially acquainted with the Shawnees and their language.\\nLffC.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "100 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\neral Algonquin tribes pronounced it. First, we have Father Marquette s\\northography, Oua-bous-kigou and by later French authorities it is\\nspelled Abache, Ouabache, Oubashe, Oubache, Oubash,\\nOubask, Oubache, Wabascou, Wabache. and Waubache.\\nIt should be borne in mind that the French alphabet does not contain\\nthe letter W, and that the diphthong on with the French has nearly\\nthe same sound as the letter W of the English alphabet. The Jesuits\\nsometimes used a character much like the figure S, which is a Greek\\ncontraction formulated by them, to represent a peculiar guttural sound\\namong the Indians, and which we often, though imperfectly, represent\\nby the letter W, or Wau.*\\nThat Wabash is an Indian name, and was early applied to the stream\\nthat now bears this name, is clearly established by Father Gravier.\\nThis missionary descended the Mississippi in the year 1700, and speak-\\ning of the Ohio and its tributaries, says Three branches are assigned\\nto it, one that comes from the northwest (the Wabash), passing\\nbehind the country of the Oumiamis, called the St. Joseph,f which\\nthe Indians properly call the Ouabachei; the second comes from the\\nIroquois (whose country included the head-waters of the Ohio),\\nand is called the Ohio and the third, which comes from the Chaou-\\nanona^; (Shawnees). And all of them uniting to empty into the Mis-\\nsissippi, it is commonly called Ouabachi.\\nIn the variety of manner in which Wabash is spelled in the exam-\\nples given above, we clearly trace the Waw-bish-kaw, of the Ojibe-\\nways the Wabisca (pronounced Wa-bis-sa) of the modern Algon-\\nquin Wau-bish of the Menominees, and Wa-bi of the ancient Algon-\\nquins, words which with all these kindred tongues mean White.\\nTherefore the aboriginal of Wabash (Sepe) should be rendered\\nWhite River. This theory is supported by Lewis Evans, who for manj\\nyears was a trader among the Indians, inhabiting the country drained\\nby the Wabash and its tributary waters. The extensive knowledge\\nwhich he acquired in his travels westward of the Alleghanies resulted\\nShea s Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi, p. 41, foot-note. For\\nexample, we find in the Journal of Marquette, 8ab8kig8, for Wabash. The same man-\\nner of spelling is also observed in names, as written by other missionaries, where they\\ndesign to represent the sound of the French ou, or the English W.\\nt Probably a mistake of the copyist, and which should be the St. Jerome, a name\\ngiven by the French to the Wabash, as we have seen in the extracts taken from Crozat s\\ngrant. Dr. Shea has pointed out numerous mistakes made by the copyist of the man-\\nuscripts from which the Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi are composed.\\nThe Tennessee.\\nS Father Gravier s Journal in Dr. Shea s Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi,\\npp. 120, 121.\\nThe several aboriginal names for white, which we have given above, are taken\\nfrom the vocabularies of Mackenzie, Dr. Ewin James and Albert Gallatin, which are\\nregarded as standard authorities.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "ORIGIN OF THE NAME WABASH. 101\\nin his publishing, in 1755, a map, accompanied with an extended de-\\nscription of the territory it embraced. In describing the Wabash, Mr.\\nEvans calls it by the name the Iroquois Indians had given it, viz the\\nQuia-agh-tena, and says it is called by the French Ouabach, though\\nthat is truly the name of its southeastern branch. Why the White\\nRiver, of Indiana, which is the principal southeastern branch of the\\nWabash, should have been invested with the English meaning of the\\nword, and the aboriginal name should have been retained by the river\\nto which it has always properly belonged, is easily explained, when we\\nconsider the ignorance and carelessness of many of the early travelers,\\nwhose writings, coming down to us, have tended to confuse rather than\\naid the investigations of the modern historian. The Ohio River below\\nthe confluence of the Wabash is designated as the Wabash by a majority\\nof the early French writers, and so laid down on many of the contem-\\nporaneous maps. This was, probably, due to the fact that the Wabash\\nwas known and used before the Ohio had been explored to its mouth.\\nSo fixed has become the habit of calling the united waters of these two\\nstreams Wabash, from their union continuously to their discharge into\\nthe Mississippi, that the custom prevailed long after a better knowledge\\nof the geography of the country suggested the propriety of its aban-\\ndonment. Even after the French of Canada accepted the change, and\\ntreated the Ohio as the main river and the Wabash as the tributary, the\\nFrench of Louisiana adhered to the old name.\\nWe quote from M. Le Page Du Pratz History of Louisiana:*\\nLet us now repass the Mississippi in order to resume a description of\\nthe lands to the east, which we quit at the river Wabash. This river\\nis distant from the sea four hundred and sixty leagues; it is reckoned\\nto have four hundred leagues in length from its source to its conflu-\\nence with the Mississippi. It is called Wabash, though, according to\\nthe usual method, it ought to be called the Ohio, or Beautiful River, f\\nseeing the Ohio was known under that name before its confluence\\nwas known and as the Ohio takes its rise at a greater distance off\\nthan the three others which mix together before they empty them-\\nselves into the Mississippi, this should make the others lose their\\n*The author was for sixteen years a planter of Louisiana, having gone thither from\\nFrance soon after the Company of the West or Indes restored the country to the crown.\\nHe was a gentleman of superior attainments, and soon acquired a thorough knowledge\\nof the B rench possessions in America. He returned to France, and m 1758 published\\nhis History of Louisiana, with maps, which, in 1763, was translated into English.\\nThese volumes are largely devoted to the experience of the author in the cultivation of\\nrice, indigo, sugar and other products congenial to the climate and soil of Louisiana,\\nand to quite an extended topographical description of the whole Mississippi Valley.\\nyThe Iroquois name for the Ohio was O-io, meaning beautiful, and the French\\nretained the signification in the name of La Belle Riviere, by which the Ohio was\\nknown to them.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nnames; but custom has prevailed in this respect. The first known\\nto ns which falls into the Ohio is that of the Miamis (Wabash), which\\ntakes its rise toward Lake Erie. It is by this river of the Miamis that\\nthe Canadians come to Louisiana. For this purpose they embark on\\nthe River St. Lawrence, go up this river, pass the cataracts quite to\\nthe bottom of Lake Erie, where they find a small river, on which they\\nalso go up to a place called the carriage of the Miamis, because that\\npeople come and take their effects and carry them on their backs for\\ntwo leagues from thence to the banks of the river of their name which\\nI just said empties itself into the Ohio. From thence the Canadians\\ngo down that river, enter the Wabash, and at last the Mississippi,\\nwhich brings them to New Orleans, the capital of Louisiana. They\\nreckon eighteen hundred leagues from the capital of Canada to that\\nof Louisiana, on account of the great turns and windings they are\\nobliged to take. The river of the Miamis is thus the first to the north\\nwhich falls into the Ohio, then that of the Chaouanons to the south,\\nand lastly, that of the Cherokee, all which together empty themselves\\ninto the Mississippi. This is what we (in Louisiana) call the Wabash,\\nand what in Canada and New England is called the Ohio.\\nA failure to recognize the fact that the Ohio below the mouth of the\\nWabash was, for a period of over half a century, known to the French\\nas the Wabash, has led not a few later writers to erroneously locate\\nancient French forts and missionary stations upon the banks of the\\nWabash, which were in reality situated many miles below, on the Ohio.f\\nOn the map prefixed to Du Pratz history, the Ohio from the Mississippi up to\\nthe confluence of the Wabash is called the Wabash above this the Ohio is called\\nOhio, and the Wabash is called The River of the Miamis, with villages of that\\ntribe noted near its source. The Maumee is called the River of the Carrying Place.\\nThe Upper Mississippi, the Illinois River and the lakes are also laid down, and, alto-\\ngether, the map is quite accurate.\\nt A noticeable instance of such a mistake will be found relative to the city of Vin-\\ncennes. On the authority of LaHarpe, and the later historian Charlevoix, the French\\nin the year 1700, established a trading post near the mouth of the Ohio, on the site of\\nthe more modern Fort Massac, in Massac county, 111., for the purpose of securing\\nbuffalo hides. The neighboring Mascotins, as was customary with the Indians, soon\\ngathered about for the purpose of barter. Their numbers, as well as the expressed\\nwish of the French traders, induced Father Merment to visit the place and engage in\\nmission work. At the end of four or five years, in 1705, the establishment was broken\\nup on account of a quarrel of the Indians among themselves, and which so threatened\\nthe lives of the Frenchmen that the latter fled, leaving behind their effects and 13,000\\nbuffalo hides which they had collected. Some years later Father Marest, writing from\\nKaskaskia, in his letter before referred to, relates the failure of Father Merment to\\nconvert the Indians at this post on the Wabash and on the authority of this letter\\nalone, and although Father Marest only followed the prevailing style in calling the\\nlower Ohio the Wabash, some writers, the late Judge John Law being the first, have\\ncontended that this post was on the Wabash and at Vincennes. Charlevoix says it\\nwas at the mouth of the Wabash which discharges itself into the Mississippi. La\\nHarpe, and also Le Suere, whose personal knowledge of the post was contemporaneous\\nwith its existence, definitely fix its position near the mouth of the Ohio. The latter\\ngives the date of its beginning, and the former narrates an account of its trade and\\nfinal abandonment. In this way an antiquity has been claimed for Vincennes to which\\nit is not historically entitled.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "EAKLY ACCOUNT OF THE MAUMEE. 103\\nWe now give a description of the Maumee and Wabash, the location\\nof the several Indian villages, and the manners of their inhabitants,\\ntaken from a memoir prepared in 1718 by a French officer in Canada,\\nand sent to the minister at Paris.*\\nI return to the Miamis River. Its entrance from Lake Erie is\\nvery wide, and its banks on both sides, for a distance of ten leagues\\nup, are nothing but continued swamps, abounding at all times, espe-\\ncially in the spring, with game without end, swans, geese, ducks, cranes,\\netc., which drive sleep away by the noise of their cries. This river is\\nsixty leagues in length, very embarrassing in summer in consequence\\nof the lowness of the water. Thirty leagues up the river is a place\\ncalled La Glaise,-f where buffalo are always to be found they eat the\\nclay and wallow in it. The Miamis are sixty leagues from Lake Erie,\\nand number four hundred, all well formed men, and well tattooed\\nthe women are numerous. They are hard working, and raise a species\\nof maize unlike that of our Indians at Detroit. It is white, of the\\nsame size as the other, the skin much finer, and the meal much whiter.\\nThis nation is clad in deer skin, and when a woman goes with another\\nman her husband cuts off her nose and does not see her any more.\\nThey have plays and dances, wherefore they have more occupation.\\nThe women are well clothed but the men use scarcely any covering,\\nand are tattooed all over the bod} 7\\nFrom this Miami village there is a portage of three leagues to a\\nlittle and very narrow stream,\u00c2\u00a7 that falls, after a course of twenty\\nleagues, into the Ohio or Beautiful River, which discharges into the\\nOuabache, a fine river that falls into the Mississippi forty leagues from\\nthe Cascachias. Into the Ouabache falls also the Casquinampo, which\\ncommunicates with Carolina but this is far off, and is always up\\nstream.\\nThe River Ouabache is the one on which the Ouyatanons are\\nsettled.\\nThev consist of five villages, which are contiguous the one to the\\nother. One is called Oujatanon, the other Peanguichias,** and another\\n*The document is quite lengthy, covering all the principal places and Indian tribes\\neast of the Mississippi, and showing the compiler possessed a very thorough acquaint-\\nance with the whole subject. It is given entire in the Paris Documents, vol. 9; that\\nrelating to the Maumee and Wabash on pages 886 to 891.\\nf Defiance, Ohio.\\nThese villages were near the confluence of the St. Mary s and St. Joseph, and\\nthis is the first account we have of the present site of Fort Wayne.\\nLittle River, that empties into the Wabash just below Huntington.\\n|j The Tennessee River.\\n*TThe Weas, whose principal villages were near the mouth of Eel River, near\\nLogansport, and on the Wea prairie, between Attica and La Fayette.\\n**The ancient Piankashaw town was on the Vermilion of the Wabash, and the\\nMiami name of the Vermilion was Piankashaw.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "104 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nPetitscotias, and a fourth Le Gros. The name of the last I do not\\nrecollect, but they are all Oujatanons, having the same language as the\\nMiamis, whose brothers they are, and properly all Miamis, having the\\nsame customs and dress.* The men are very numerous fully a\\nthousand or twelve hundred.\\nThey have a custom different from all other nations, which is to\\nkeep their fort extremely clean, not allowing a blade of grass to remain\\nwithin it. The whole of the fort is sanded like the Tuilleries. The\\nvillage is situated on a high hill, and they have over two leagues of\\nimprovement where they raise their Indian corn, pumpkins and\\nmelons. From the summit of this elevation nothing is visible to the\\neye but prairies full of buffaloes. Their play and dancing are inces-\\nsant.f\\nAll of these tribes use a vast quantity of vermilion. The women\\nwear clothing, the men very little. The River Ohio, or Beautiful river,\\nis the route which the Iroquois take. It would be of importance that\\nthey should not have such intercourse, as it is very dangerous. Atten-\\ntion has been called to this matter long since, but no notice has been\\ntaken of it.\\n*The Le Gros, that is, The Great (village), was probably Chip-pe-co-ke, or\\nthe town of Brush- wood, the name of the old village at Vincennes, which was the\\nprincipal city of the Piankashaws.\\nfThe village here described is Ouatanon, which was situated a few miles below\\nLa Fayette, near which, though on the opposite or north bank of the Wabash, the\\nStockade Fort of Ouatanon was established by the French.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII.\\nABORIGINAL INHABITANTS THE SEVERAL ILLINOIS TRIBES.\\nThe Indians who lived in and claimed the territory to which our\\nattention is directed were the several tribes of the Illinois and Miami\\nconfederacies, the Pottawatomies, the Kickapoos and scattered bands\\nof Shawnees and Delawares. Their title to the soil had to be extin-\\nguished by conquest or treatise of purchase before the country could\\nbe settled by a higher civilization for the habits of the two races, red\\nand white, were so radically different that there could be no fusion, and\\nthey could not, or rather did not, live either happily or at peace\\ntogether.\\nWe proceed to treat of these several tribes, observing the order in\\nwhich their names have been mentioned and we do so in this con-\\nnection for the reason that it will aid toward a more ready under-\\nstanding of the subjects which are to follow.\\nThe Illinois were a subdivision of the great Algonquin family.\\nTheir language and manners differed somewhat from other surround-\\ning tribes, and resembled most the Miamis, with whom they originally\\nbore a very close affinity. Before Joliet and Marquette s voyage to the\\nMississippi, all of the Indians who came from the south to the mission\\nat La Pointe, on Lake Superior, for the purposes of barter, were by the\\nFrench called Illinois, for the reason that the first Indians who came\\nto La Pointe from the south called themselves Illinois\\nIn the Jesuit Relations the name Illinois appears as Illi-mouek, 1\\nIllinoues, Ul-i-ne-wek, Allin-i-wek and Lin-i-wek. By\\nFather Marquette it is Ilinois, and Hennepin has it the same as it\\nis at the present day. The ois was pronounced like our way, so that\\nouai, ois, wek and oueh were almost identical in pronunciation. f\\nWillinis is Lewis Evans orthography. Major Thomas Forsyth,\\nwho for many years was a trader and Indian agent in the territory, and\\nsubsequently the state, of Illinois, says the Confederation of Illinois\\nAs we have given the name of Ottawas to all the savages of these countries, al-\\nthough of different nations, because the first who have appeared among the French\\nhave been Ottawas; so also it is with the name of the Illinois, very numerous, and\\ndwelling toward the south, because the first who have come to the point of the Holy\\nGhost for commerce called themselves Illinois. Father Claude Dablon, in the Jesuit\\nRelations for 1670, 1671.\\nt Note by Dr. Shea in the article entitled The Indian Tribes of Wisconsin, fur-\\nnished by him for the Historical Society of Wisconsin, and published in Vol. Ill oi\\ntheir collections, p. 128.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "106 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ncalled themselves Linneway which is almost identical with the\\nLin-i-wek of the Jesuits, having a regard for its proper pronuncia-\\ntion, and that by others they were called Minneway, signifying men,\\nand that their confederacy embraced the combined Illinois and Miami\\ntribes that all these different bands of the Minneway nation spoke\\nthe language of the present Miamis, and the whole considered them-\\nselves as one and the same people, yet from their local situation, and\\nhaving no standard to go by, their language became broken up into\\ndifferent dialects. They were by the Iroquois called Chick-tagh-\\nick P\\nMany theories have been advanced and much fine speculation in-\\ndulged in concerning the origin and meaning of the word Illinois.\\nWe have seen that the Illinois first made themselves known to the\\nFrench by that name, and we have never had a better signification of\\nthe name than that which the Illinois themselves gave to Fathers Mar-\\nquette and Hennepin. The former, in his narrative journal, observes\\nTo say Illinois is, in their language, to say the men, as if other\\nIndians, compared to them, were mere beasts. f The word Illinois\\nsignifies a man of full age in the vigor of his strength. This word Illi-\\nnois comes, as it has already been observed, from Illini, which in the\\nlanguage of that nation signifies a perfect and accomplished man.\\nSubsequently the name Illini, Linneway, Willinis or Illinois, with\\nmore propriety became limited to a confederacy, at first composed of\\nfour subdivisions, known as the Kaskaskias, Cahokias, Tamaroas and\\nPeorias. Not many years before the discovery of the Mississippi by\\nthe French, a foreign tribe, the Metchigamis, nearly destroyed by wars\\nw T ith the Sacs to the north and the Chickasaws to the south, to save\\nthemselves from annihilation appealed to the Kaskaskias for admission\\ninto their confederacy. The request was granted, and the Metchiga-\\nmis left their homes on the Osage river and established their villages\\non the St. Francis, within the limits of the present State of Missouri\\nand below the mouth of the Kaskaskia.\\nThe subdivision of the Illinois proper into cantons, as the French\\nwriters denominate the families or villages of a nation, like that of\\nother tribes was never very distinct. There were no villages exclu-\\nsively for a separate branch of the tribe. Owing to intermarriage,\\nadoption and other processes familiar to modern civilization, the sub-\\nid 17.\\nLife of Black-Hawk, by Benjamin Drake, seventh edition, pp. 16 an(\\nt Shea s Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley, p. 25.\\nHennepin s Discovery of America, pp. 35 and 119, London edition, 169u.\\nCharlevoix s Narrative Journal, Vol. II, p. 228. Also note of B. F. French, p.\\n61 of Vol. Ill, First Series of Historical Collections of Louisiana.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "LOCATION OF VILLAGES. 107\\ntribal distinctions were not well preserved and when Charlevoix, that\\nacute observer, in 1721 visited these several Illinois villages near Kas-\\nkaskia, their inhabitants were so mixed together and confounded that\\nit was almost impossible to distinguish the different branches of the\\ntribe from each other.*\\nThe first accounts vce have of the Illinois are given by the Jesuit\\nmissionaries. In the Relations for the year 1655 we find that the\\nLin-i-ouek are neighbors of the Winnebagoes again in the Rela-\\ntions for the next year, that the Illinois nation dwell more than\\nsixty leagues from here, f and beyond a great river, which as near\\nas can be conjectured flows into the sea toward Virginia. These\\npeople are warlike. They use the bow, rarely the gun, and never the\\ncanoe\\nWhen Joliet and Marquette were descending the Mississippi, they\\nfound villages of the Illinois on the Des Moines river, and on their\\nreturn they passed through larger villages of the same nation situated\\non the Illinois river, near Peoria and higher up the stream.\\nWhile the Illinois were nomads, though not to the extent of many\\nother tribes, they had villages of a somewhat permanent character, and\\nwhen they moved after game they went in a body. It would seem\\nfrom the most authentic accounts that their favorite abiding places\\nwere on the Illinois river, from the Des Plaines down to its confluence\\nwith the Mississippi, and on the Mississippi from the Kaskaskia to the\\nmouth of the Ohio. This beautiful region abounded in game its riv-\\ners were well stocked with fish, and were frequented by myriads of\\nwild fowls. The climate was mild. The soil was fertile. By the\\nmere turning of the sod, the lands in the rich river bottoms yielded\\nbountiful crops of Indian corn, melons and squashes.\\nIn disposition and morals the Illinois were not to be very highly\\ncommended. Father Charlevoix, speaking of them as they were in\\n1700, says: Missionaries have for some years directed quite a flour-\\nishing church among the Illinois, and they have ever since continued\\nto instruct that nation, in whom Christianity had already produced a\\nchange such as she alone can produce in morals and disposition. Before\\nthe arrival of the missionaries, there were perhaps no Indians in any\\npart of Canada with fewer good qualities and more vices. They have\\nThese tribes are at present very much confounded, and are become very inconsid-\\nerable. There remains only a very small number of Kaskaskias, and the two villages\\nof that name are almost entirely composed of Tamaroas and Metchigamis, a foreign\\nnation adopted by the Kaskaskias, and originally settled on a small river you meet\\nwith going down the Mississippi. Charlevoix Narrative Journal, Letter XXVIII,\\ndated Kaskaskia, October 20, 1721; p. 228, Vol. II.\\nt The letter is sent from the Mission of the Holy Ghost, at La Pointe.\\nX The Mississippi.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "108 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nalways been mild and docile enough, but they were cowardly, treach-\\nerous, fickle, deceitful, thievish, brutal, destitute of faith or honor,\\nselfish, addicted to gluttony and the most monstrous lusts, almost un-\\nknown to the Canada tribes, who accordingly despised them heartily,\\nbut the Illinois were not a whit less haughty or self-complacent on\\nthat account.\\nSuch allies could bring no great honor or assistance to the French\\nyet we never had any more faithful, and, if we except the Abenaqui\\ntribes, they are the only tribe who never sought peace with their ene-\\nmies to our prejudice. They did, indeed, see the necessity of our aid\\nto defend themselves against several nations who seemed to have sworn\\ntheir ruin, and especially against the Iroquois and Foxes, who, by con-\\nstant harrassing, have somewhat trained them to war, the former taking\\nhome from their expeditions the vices of that corrupt nation.\\nFather Charlevoix comments upon the Illinois confirm the state-\\nments of Hennepin, who says They are lazy vagabonds, timorous,\\npettish thieves, and so fond of their liberty that they have no great\\nrespect for their chiefs. f\\nTheir cabins were constructed of mats, made out of flags, spread\\nover a frame of poles driven into the ground in a circular form and\\ndrawn together at the top.\\nTheir villages, sa) s Father Hennepin,;}: are open, not enclosed\\nwith palisades because they had no courage to defend them they would\\nflee as they heard their enemies approaching. Before their acquaint-\\nance with the French they had no knowledge of iron and fire-arms.\\nTheir two principal weapons were the bow and arrow and the club.\\nTheir arrows were pointed with stone, and their tomahawks were made\\nout of stag s horns, cut in the shape of a cutlass and terminating in a\\nlarge ball. In the use of the bow and arrow, all writers agree, that\\nthe Illinois excelled all neighboring tribes. For protection against the\\nmissies of an enemy they used bucklers composed of buffalo hides\\nstretched over a wooden frame.\\nIn form they were tall and lithe. They were noted for their swift-\\nness of foot. They wore moccasins prepared from buffalo hides and,\\nin summer, this generally completed their dress. Sometimes they wore\\na small covering, extending from the waist to the knees. The rest of\\nthe body was entirely nude.\\nThe women, beside cultivating the soil, did all of the household\\ndrudgery, carried the game and made the clothes. The garments\\nCharlevoix s History of New France, vol. 5, page 130.\\nf Hennepin, page 132, London edition, 1698.\\nX Page 132.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 109\\nwere prepared from buffalo hides, and from the soft wool that grew\\nupon these animals. Both the wool and hides were dyed with bril-\\nliant colors, black, yellow or vermilion. In this kind of work the\\nIllinois women were greatly in advance of other tribes. Articles of\\ndress were sewed together with thread made from the nerves and ten-\\ndons of deer, prepared by exposure to the sun twice in every twenty-\\nfour hours. After which the nerves and tendons were beaten so that\\ntheir fibers would separate into a fine white thread. The clothing of\\nthe women w T as something like the loose wrappers worn by ladies of\\nthe present day. Beneath the wrapper were petticoats, for warmth in\\nwinter. With a fondness for finery that characterizes the feminine sex\\nthe world over, the Illinois women wore head-dresses, contrived more\\nfor ornament than for use. The feet were covered with moccasins, and\\nleggings decorated with quills of the porcupine stained in colors of\\nbrilliant contrasts. Ornaments, fashioned out of clam shells and other\\nhard substances, were worn about the neck, wrists and ankles these, with\\nthe face, hands and neck daubed with pigments, completed the toilet of\\nthe highly fashionable Illinois belle.\\nTheir food consisted of the scant}- products of their fields, and prin-\\ncipally of game and fish, of which, as previously stated, there was in\\ntheir country a great abundance. Father Allouez, who visited them in\\n1673, stated that they had fourteen varieties of herbs and forty-two\\nvarieties of fruits which they use for food. Their plates and other\\ndishes were made of wood, and their spoons were constructed out of\\nbuffalo bones. The dishes for boiling food were earthen, sometimes\\nglazed.\\nFrom all accounts, it seems that the Illinois claimed an extensive\\ntract of country, bounded on the east by the ridge that divides the\\nwaters flowing into the Illinois from the streams that drain into the\\nWabash above the head waters of Saline creek, and as high up the Illi-\\nnois as the Des Plaines, extending westward of the Mississippi, and\\nreaching northward to the debatable ground between the Illinois,\\nChippeways, Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes. Their favorite and most\\npopulous cities were on the Illinois river, near Starved Rock, and\\nThe account we have given of the manners, habits and customs of the Illinois is\\ncompiled from the following authorities La Hontan, Charlevoix, Hennepin, Tonti,\\nMarquette, Joutel, the missionaries Marest, Rasles and Allouez. Besides, the historic\\nletter of Marest, found in Kip s Jesuit Missions, is another from this distinguished\\npriest, written from Kaskaskia to M. Bienville, and incorporated in Penicaut s Annals\\nof Louisiana, a translation of which is contained in the Historical Collections of Louisi-\\nana and Florida, by B. F. French. In this letter of Father Marest, dated in 1711, is a\\nvery fine description of the customs of the Illinois Indians, and their prosperous condi-\\ntion at Kaskaskia and adjacent villages.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "110 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nbelow as far as Peoria. The missionary station founded by Father\\nMarquette was, in all probability, near the latter place.\\nPrior to the year 1700, Father Marest had charge of a mission at\\nthe neck, strait or narrows of Peoria lake. In Peoria lake, above\\nPeoria, is a contracted channel, and this is evidently referred to by\\nFather Gravier in his Narrative Journal where he states: I ar-\\nrived too late at the Illinois du Detroit, of whom Father Marest has\\ncharge, to prevent the transmigration of the village of the Kaskaskias,\\nwhich was too precipitately made on vague news of the establishment\\non the Mississippi. I do not believe that the Kaskaskias would have\\nthus separated from the Peouaroua and other Illinois du Detroit. At\\nall events, I came soon enough to unite minds a little, and to prevent\\nthe insult which the Peouaroua and the Mouin-gouena were bent on\\noffering to the Kaskaskias and French as they embarked. I spoke to\\nall the chiefs in full council, and as they continued to preserve some\\nrespect and good will for me, we separated very peaceably. But I\\nargue no good from this separation, which I have always hindered,\\nseeing too clearly the evil results. God grant that the road from\\nChikagoua to this strait (au Detroit) be not closed, and the whole\\nIllinois mission suffer greatly. I avow to you, Reverend Father, that\\nit rends my heart to see my old flock thus divided and dispersed, and\\nI shall never see it, after leaving it, without having some new cause of\\naffliction. The Peouaroua, whom I left without a missionary (since\\nFather Marest has followed the Kaskaskias), have promised me that\\nthey would preserve the church, and that they would await my return\\nfrom the Mississippi, where I told them I went only to assure myself\\nof the truth of all that was said about it.\\nThe area of the original country of the Illinois was reduced by\\ncontinuous wars with their neighbors. The Sioux forced them east-\\nward the Sac and Fox, and other enemies, encroached upon them\\nfrom the north, while war parties of the foreign Iroquois, from the east,\\nrapidly decimated their numbers. These unhappy influences were doing\\nFather Gravier s Journal in Shea s Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi,\\npp. 116 and 117. Dr. Shea, in a foot note, p. 116, says: This designation {Illinois\\nDu Detroit) does not appear elsewhere, and I cannot discover what strait is referred to.\\nIt evidently includes the Peorias. 1\\nDr. Shea s conjecture is very nearly correct. The narrows in Peoria lake retained\\nthe appellation of Little Detroit, a name handed clown from the French-Canadians.\\nDr. Lewis Beck, in his Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, p. 124, speaks of Little\\nDetroit, an Indian village situated on the east bank of lake Peoria, six miles above\\nFt. Clark. On the map prefixed to the Gazetteer prepared in 1820 the contraction of\\nthe lake is shown and designated as Little Detroit.\\nWe have seen from extracts from Father Marquette s Journal, quoted on a preced-\\ning page, that it was the Kaskaskias at whose village this distinguished missionary\\npromised to return and to establish a mission, and that with the ebbing out of his life\\nhe fulfilled his engagement. From Father Gravier s Journal, just quoted, it is appar-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "ATTACK OF THE IKOQUOIS. Ill\\ntheir fatal work, and the Illinois confederacy was in a stage of decline\\nwhen they first came in contact with the French. Their afflictions made\\nthem accessible to the voice of the missionary, and in their weakness\\nthey hailed with delight the coming of the Frenchman with his prom-\\nises of protection, which were assured by guns and powder. The mis-\\nfortunes of the Illinois drew them so kindly to the priests, the coureurs\\ndes Bois and soldiers, that the friendship between the two races never\\nabated and when in the order of events the sons of France had de-\\nparted from the Illinois, their love for the departed Gaul was inculcated\\ninto the minds of their children.\\nThe erection of Fort St. Louis on the Illinois, St. Joseph on the\\nstream of that name, and the establishment at Detroit, for a while\\nstayed the calamity that was to befall the Illinois. Frequent allusion\\nhas been made to the part the Iroquois took in the destruction of this\\npowerful confederacy. For the gratification of the reader we give a\\ncondensed account of some of these Iroquois campaigns in the Illinois\\ncountry. The extracts we take are from a memoir on the western\\nIndians, by M. Du Chesneau,* dated at Quebec, September 13, 1681\\nTo convey a correct idea of the present state of all those Indian na-\\ntions it is necessary to explain the cause of the cruel war waged by the\\nIroquois for these three years past against the Illinois. The former\\nwere great warriors, cannot remain idle, and pretend to subject all other\\nnations to themselves, and never want a pretext for commencing hos-\\ntilities. The following was their assumed excuse for the present war:\\nGoing, about twenty years ago, to attack the Outagamis (Foxes),\\nthey met the Illinois and killed a considerable number of them. This\\ncontinued during the succeeding years, and finally, having destroyed a\\ngreat many, they forced them to abandon their country and seek refuge\\nin very distant parts. The Iroquois having got quit of the Illinois,\\ntook no more trouble with them, and went to war against another\\nnation called the Andostagues.f Pending this war the Illinois re-\\nturned to their country, and the Iroquois complained that they had\\nent that the mission had for some years been in successful operation at the combined\\nvillage of the Kaskaskias, Peorias and Mouin-gouena, situated at the Du Detroit of the\\nIllinois; and also that the Kaskaskias, hearing- that the French were about to form es-\\ntablishments on the lower Mississippi, in company with the French inhabitants of their\\nancient village, were in the act of going down the Mississippi at the time of Gravier s\\narrival, in September, 1700. All these facts taken together would seem to definitely\\nlocate the Mission of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary at the\\nnarrows, six miles above the present city of Peoria, which is upon the site of old Fort\\nClark, and probably, from the topography of the locality, upon the east bank of the\\nstrait. In conclusion, we may add that the Kaskaskias were induced to halt in their\\njourney southward upon the river, which has ever since borne their name and the\\nmission, transferred from the old Kaskaskias, above Peoria, retained the name of The\\nImmaculate Conception, etc.\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, pp. 161 to 1G6.\\nt The Eries, or Cats, were entirely destroyed by the Iroquois.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "112 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nkilled forty of their people who were on their way to hunt beaver in\\nthe Illinois country. To obtain satisfaction, the Iroquois resolved to\\nmake war upon them. Their true motive, however, was to gratify the\\nEnglish at Manatte* and Orange,f of whom they are too near neigh-\\nbors, and who, by means of presents, engaged the Iroquois in this ex-\\npedition, the object of which was to force the Illinois to bring their\\nbeaver to them, so that they may go and trade it afterward to the\\nEnglish also, to intimidate the other Indians, and constrain them to\\nto do the same thing.\\nThe improper conduct of Sieur de la Salle, governor of Fort\\nFrontenac, has contributed considerabh 7 to cause the latter to adopt\\nthis proceeding for after he had obtained permission to discover the\\nGreat River Mississippi, and had, as he alleged, the grant of the\\nIllinois, he no longer observed any terms with the Iroquois. He ill-\\ntreated them, and avowed that he would convey arms and ammunition\\nto the Illinois, and would die assisting them.\\nThe- Iroquois dispatched in the month of April of last year, 1G80,\\nan army, consisting of between five and six hundred men, who ap-\\nproached an Illinois village where Sieur Tonty, one of Sieur de la\\nSalle s men happened to be with some Frenchmen and two Recollect\\nfathers, whom the Iroquois left unharmed. One of these, a most holy\\nman,\u00c2\u00a7 has since been killed by the Indians. But they would listen\\nto no terms of peace proposed to them by Sieur de Tonty, who was\\nslightly wounded at the beginning of the attack the Illinois having\\nfled a hundred leagues thence, were pursued by the Iroquois, who\\nkilled and captured as many as twelve hundred of them, including\\nwomen and children, having lost only thirty men.\\nThe victory achieved by the Iroquois rendered them so insolent that\\nthey have continued ever since that time to send out divers war parties.\\nThe success of these is not yet known, but it is not doubted that they\\nhave been successful, because those tribes are very warlike and the Illi-\\nnois are but indifferently so. Indeed, there is no doubt, and it is the\\nuniversal opinion, that if the Iroquois are allowed to proceed they will\\nsubdue the Illinois, and in a short time render themselves masters of\\nall the Outawa tribes and divert the trade to the English, so that it is\\nabsolutely essential to make them our friends or to destroy them.\\nNew York.\\nt Albany, New York.\\nX It must be remembered that La Salle was not exempt from the jealousy and envy\\nwhich is inspired in souls of little men toward those engaged in great undertakings\\nand we see this spirit manifested here. La Salle could not have done otherwise than\\nsupply fire-arms to the Illinois, who were his friends and the owners of the country, the\\ntrade of which he had opened up at great hardship and expense to himself.\\nGabriel Ribourde.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "DEFEAT OF THE IROQUOIS. 113\\nThe Iroquois were not always successful in their western forays.\\nTradition records two instances in which they were sadly discomfited.\\nThe first was an encounter with the Sioux, on an island in the Missis-\\nsippi, at the mouth of the Des Moines. The tradition of this engage-\\nment is preserved in the curious volumes of La Hontan, and is as fol-\\nlows March 2nd, 1689, 1 arrived in the Mississippi. To save the labor\\nof rowing we left our boats to the current, and arrived on the tenth in\\nthe island of Rencontres, which took its name from the defeat of four\\nhundred Iroquois accomplished there by three hundred Nadouessis\\n(Sioux). The story of the encounter is briefly this A party of\\nfour hundred Iroquois having a mind to surprise a certain people in\\nthe neighborhood of the Otentas (of whom more anon), marched to\\nthe country of the Illinois, where they built canoes and were furnished\\nwith provisions. After that they embarked upon the river Mississippi,\\nand were discovered by another little fleet that was sailing down the\\nother side of the same river. The Iroquois crossed over immediately\\nto that island which is since called Aux Rencontres. The Nadouessis,\\ni. e., the other little fleet, being suspicious of some ill design, without\\nknowing what people they were (for they had no knowledge of the\\nIroquois but by hear-say) upon this suspicion, I say, they tugged hard\\nto come up with them. The two armies posted themselves upon the\\npoint of the island, where the two crosses are put down in the map,*\\nand as soon as the Nadouessis came in sight, the Iroquois cried out in\\nthe Illinese language: k Who are yeV To which the Nadouessis\\nanswered, Somebody and putting the same question to the Iroquois,\\nreceived the same answer. Then the Iroquois put this question to\\nem: Where are you going f To hunt buffalo, answered the Na-\\ndouessis but, pray, says the Nadouessis, what is your business To\\nhunt men, reply d the Iroquois. Tis well, 1 says the Nadouessis\\nwe are men, and so you need go no farther. Upon this challenge,\\nthe two parties disembarked, and the leader of the Nadouessis cut his\\ncanoes to pieces, and, after representing to his warriors that they be-\\nhoved either to conquer or die, marched up to the Iroquois, who\\nreceived them at first onset with a cloud of arrows. But the Nadou-\\nessis having stood their first discharge, which killed eighty of them,\\nfell in upon them with their clubs in their hands before the others\\ncould charge again, and so routed them entirely. This engagement\\nlasted for two hours, and was so hot that two hundred and sixty Iro-\\nquois fell upon the spot, and the rest were all taken prisoners. Some\\nof the Iroquois, indeed, attempted to make their escape after the action\\nOn La Hontan s map the place marked is designated by an island in the Missis-\\nsippi, immediately at the mouth of the Des Moines.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwas over but the victorious general sent ten or twelve of his men to\\npursue them in one of the canoes that he had taken, and accordingly\\nthey were all overtaken and drowned. The Nadouessis having ob-\\ntained this victory, cut off the noses and ears of two of the cleverest\\nprisoners, and supplying them with fusees, powder and ball, gave them\\nthe liberty of returning to their own country, in order to tell their\\ncountrymen that they ought not to employ women to hunt after men\\nany longer. 1\\nThe second tradition is that of a defeat of a war party of Iroquois\\nupon the banks of the stream that now bears the name of Iroquois\\nRiver. 1 Father Charlevoix, in his Narrative Journal, referring to his\\npassage down the Kankakee, in September, 1721, alludes to this defeat\\nof the Iroquois in the following language I was not a little sur-\\nprised at seeing so little water in the The-a-ki-ki, notwithstanding it\\nreceives a good many pretty large rivers, one of which is more than a\\nhundred and twenty feet in breadth at its mouth, and has been called\\nthe River of the Iroquois, because some of that nation were surprised\\non its banks by the Illinois who killed a great many of them. This\\ncheck mortified them so much the more, as they held the Illinois in\\ngreat contempt, who, indeed, for the most part are not able to stanc}\\nbefore them. f\\nThe tradition has been given with fuller particulars to the author,\\nby Colonel Guerdon S. Hubbard, as it was related by the Indians to\\nhim. It has not as yet appeared in print, and is valuable as well as\\ninteresting, inasmuch as it explains why the Iroquois River has been\\nso called for a period of nearly two centuries, and also because it gives\\nthe origin of the name Watseka.\\nThe tradition is substantially as follows: Many years ago the Iro-\\nquois attacked an Indian village situated on the banks of the river a\\nfew miles below the old county seat, Middleport, and drove out\\nthe occupants with great slaughter. The fugitives were collected in\\nthe night time some distance away, lamenting their disaster. A wo-\\nman, possessing great courage, urged the men to return and attack the\\nIroquois, saying the latter were then rioting in the spoils of the village\\nand exulting over their victory that they would not expect danger\\nfrom their defeated enemy, and that the darkness of the night would\\nprevent their knowing the advance upon them. The warriors refused\\nto go. The woman then said that she would raise a party of squaw r s\\nand return to the village and fight the Iroquois adding that death or\\ncaptivity would be the fate of the women and children on the morrow,\\n*La Hontan s New Voyages to America, vol. 1, pp. 128, 129.\\nt Charlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 199.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "INDIAN LEGEND. 115\\nand that they might as well die in an effort to regain their village and\\nproperty as to submit to a more dreadful fate. She called for volun-\\nteers and the women came forward in large numbers. Seeing the\\nbravery of their wives and daughters the men were ashamed of their\\ncowardice and became inspired with a desperate courage. A plan of\\nattack was speedily formed and successfully executed. The Iroquois,\\ntaken entirely unawares, were surprised and utterly defeated.\\nThe name of the heroine who suggested and took an active part in\\nthis act of bold retaliation, bore the name of Watch-e-kee. In honor\\nof her bravery and to perpetuate the story of the engagement, a coun-\\ncil of the tribe was convened which ordained that when Watch-e-kee\\ndied her name should be bestowed upon the most accomplished maiden\\nof the tribe, and in this way be handed down from one generation to\\nanother. By such means have the name and the tradition been pre-\\nserved.\\nThe last person who bore this name was the daughter of a Potta-\\nwatomie chief, with whose band Col. Hubbard was intimately associ-\\nated as a trader for many years. She was well known to many of the\\nold settlers in Danville and upon the Kankakee. She was a person of\\ngreat beauty, becoming modesty, and possessed of superior intelligence.\\nShe had great influence among her own people and w T as highly re-\\nspected by the whites. She accompanied her tribe to the westward of\\nthe Mississippi, on their removal from the state. The present county\\nseat of Iroquois county is named after her, and Col. Hubbard advises\\nthe author that Watseka, as the name is generally spelled, is incorrect,\\nand that the orthography for its true pronunciation should be Watch-e-\\nkee.*\\nWe resume the narration of the decline of the Illinois La Salle s\\nfortification at Starved Rock gathered about it populous villages of\\nIllinois, Shawnees, Weas, Piankeshaws and other kindred tribes, shown\\non Franquelin s map as the Colonie Du Sr. de la Sallcf The Iroquois\\nwere barred out of the country of the Illinois tribes, and the latter\\nenjoyed security from their old enemies. La Salle himself, speaking\\nof his success in establishing a colony at the Rock, says There would\\nbe nothing to fear from the Iroquois when the nations of the south,\\nThe Iroquois also bore the name of Can-o-wa-ga, doubtless an Indian name. It\\nhad another aboriginal name. Mocabella (which was, probably, a French-Canadian cor-\\nruption of the Kickapoo word Mo-gua), signifying a bear. Beck s Illinois and Mis-\\nsouri Gazetteer, p. 90. The joint commission appointed by the legislatures of Indiana\\nand Illinois to run the boundary line between the two states, in their report in 1821,\\nand upon their map deposited in the archives at Indianapolis, designate the Iroquois\\nby the name of Pick-a-mink River. They also named Sugar Creek after Mr. McDon-\\nald, of Vincennes, Indiana, who conducted the surveys for the commission.\\nfThis part of Franquelin s map appears in the well executed frontispiece of Park-\\ninsons Discovery of the Great West.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "116 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nstrengthened through their intercourse with the French, shall stop\\ntheir conquest, and prevent their being powerful by carrying off a great\\nnumber of their women and children, which they can easily do from\\nthe inferiority of the weapons of their enemies. As respects com-\\nmerce, that post will probably increase our traffic still more than has\\nbeen done by the establishment of Fort Frontenac, which was built\\nwith success for that purpose for if the Illinois and their allies were\\nto catch the beavers which the Iroquois now kill in the neighborhood\\nin order to carry them to the English, the latter not being any longer\\nable to get them from their own colonies would be obliged to buy from\\nus, to the great benefit of those who have the privilege of this traffic.\\nThese were the views which the Sieur de la Salle had in placing the\\nsettlement where it is. The colony has already felt its effects, as all\\nour allies, who had fled after the departure of M. de Frontenac, have\\nreturned to their ancient dwellings, in consequence of the confidence\\ncaused by the fort, near which they have defeated a party of Iroquois,\\nand have built four forts to protect themselves from hostile incursions.\\nThe Governor, M. de la Barre, and the intendant, M. de Muelles, have-\\ntold Sieur de la Salle that they would write to Monseigneur to inform\\nhim of the importance of that fort in order to keep the Iroquois in\\ncheck, and that M. de Sagny had proposed its establishment in 1678.\\nMonsiegneur Colbert permitted Sieur de la Salle to build it, and\\ngranted it to him as a property.\\nThe fort at Le Rocher (the rock) was constructed on its summit in\\n1682, and enclosed with a palisade. It was subsequently granted to\\nTonti and Forest, f It was abandoned as a military post in the year\\n1702 and when Charlevoix went down the Illinois in 1721 he passed\\nthe Rock, and said of it This is the point of a very high terrace\\nstretching the space of two hundred paces, and bending or winding\\nwith the course of the river. This rock is steep on all sides, and at a\\ndistance one would take it for a fortress. Some remains of a palisado\\nare still to be seen on it, the Illinois having formerly cast up an en-\\ntrenchment here, which might be easily repaired in case of any inter-\\nruption of the enemy. J\\nThe abandonment of Fort St. Louis in 1702 was followed soon after\\nby a dispersion of the tribes and remnants of tribes that La Salle and\\nTonti had gathered about it, except the straggling village of the\\nIllinois.\\nMemoir of the Sieur de la Salle, reporting to Monseigneur de Seingelay the dis-\\ncoveries made by him under the order of His Majesty. Historical Collections of\\nLouisiana, Part I, p. 42.\\nt Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 494.\\nCharlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 200.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "DECLINE OF THE ILLINOIS. 117\\nThe Iroquois came no more subsequent to 1721, having war enough\\non their hands nearer home but the Illinois were constantly harassed\\nby other enemies the Sacs, Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatomies.\\nIn 1722 their villages at the Rock and on Peoria Lake were besieged\\nby the Foxes, and a detachment of a hundred men under Chevalier de\\nArtaguette and Sieur de Tisne were sent to their assistance. Forty of\\nthese French soldiers, with four hundred Indians, marched by land to\\nPeoria Lake. However, before the reinforcements reached their des-\\ntination they learned that the Foxes had retreated with a loss of more\\nthan a hundred and twenty of their men. This success did not,\\nhowever, prevent the Illinois, although they had only lost twenty men,\\nwith some women and children, from leaving the Rock and Pimiteony,\\nwhere they were kept in constant alarm, and proceeding to unite with\\nthose of their brethren who had settled on the Mississippi this was a\\nstroke of grace for most of them, the small number of missionaries\\npreventing their supplying so many towns scattered far apart but on\\nthe other side, as there was nothing to check the raids of the Foxes\\nalong the Illinois River, communication between Louisiana and New\\nFrance became much less practicable.\\nThe fatal dissolution of the Illinois still proceeded, and their\\nancient homes and hunting grounds were appropriated by the more\\nvigorous Sacs, Foxes, Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. The killing of\\nPontiac at Cahokia, whither he had retired after the failure of his\\neffort to rescue the country from the English, was laid upon the\\nIllinois, a charge which, whether true or false, hastened the climax of\\ntheir destruction.\\nGeneral Harrison stated that the Illinois confederacy was com-\\nposed of five tribes the Kaskaskias, Cahokias, Peorians, Michiganians\\nand the Temarois, speaking the Miami language, and no doubt\\nbranches of that nation. When I was first appointed Governor of the\\nIndiana Territory (May, 1800), these once powerful tribes were re-\\nduced to about thirty warriors, of whom twenty-five were Kaskaskias,\\nfour Peorians, and a single Michiganian. There was an individual\\nlately alive at St. Louis who saw the enumeration made of them by\\nthe Jesuits in 1745, making the number of their warriors four thou-\\nsand. A furious war between them and the Sacs and Kickapoos\\nreduced them to that miserable remnant which had taken refuge\\namongst the white people in the towns of Kaskaskia and St. Genieve. f\\nHistory of New France, vol. 6, p. 71.\\nt Official letter of Gen. Harrison to Hon. John Armstrong, Secretary of War,\\ndated at Cincinnati, March 22, 1814: contained in Captain M Afee s History of the\\nLate War in the Western Country.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "118 HISTORIC NOTES OX THE NORTHWEST.\\nBy successive treaties their lands in Illinois were ceded to the\\nUnited States, and they were removed west of the Missouri. In 1872\\nthey had dwindled to forty souls men, women and children all told.\\nThus have wasted away the original occupants of the larger part of\\nIllinois and portions of Iowa and Missouri. In 16S4 their single vil-\\nlage at La Salle s colony, could muster twelve hundred warriors. In the\\ndays of their strength they nearly exterminated the Winnebagoes, and\\ntheir war parties penetrated the towns of the Iroquois in the valleys of\\nthe Mohawk and Genesee. They took the Metchigamis under their\\nprotection, giving them security against enemies with whom the latter\\ncould not contend. This people who had dominated over the surround-\\ning tribes, claiming for themselves the name Illini or Linneway, to rep-\\nresent their superior manhood, have disappeared from the earth another\\nrace, representing a higher civilization, occupy their ancient domains,\\nand already, even the origin of their name and the location of their\\ncities have become the subjects of speculation.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV.\\nTHE MIAMIS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE MIAMI, PIANKESHAW, AND WEA BANDS.\\nThe people known to us as the Miamis formerly dwelt beyond the\\nMississippi, and, according to their own traditions, came originally\\nfrom the Pacific. If what I have heard asserted in several places be\\ntrue, the Illinois and Miamis came from the banks of a very distant sea\\nto the westward. It would seem that their first stand, after they made\\ntheir first descent into this country, was at Moingona* At least it is\\ncertain that one of their tribes bears that name. The rest are known\\nunder the name of Peorias, Tamaroas, Caoquias and Kaskaskias.\\nThe migration of the Miamis from the west of the Mississippi,\\neastward through Wisconsin and northern Illinois, around the south-\\nern end of Lake Michigan to Detroit, and thence up the Maumee and\\ndown the Wabash, and eastward through Indiana into Ohio as far as\\nthe Great Miami, can be followed through the mass of records handed\\ndown to us from the missionaries, travelers and officers connected with\\nthe French. Speaking of the mixed village of Maskoutens, situated on\\nFox River, Wisconsin, at the time of his visit there in 1670, Father\\nClaude Dabion says the village of the Fire-nation is joined in the\\ncircle of the same barriers to another people, named Oumiami, which\\nis one of the Illinois nations, which is, as it were, dismembered from\\nthe others, in order to dwell in these quarters, f It is beyond this\\ngreat river that are placed the Illinois of whom we speak, and from\\nwhom are detached those who dwell here with the Fire-nation to form\\nhere a transplanted colony.\\nFrom the quotations made there remains little doubt that the Mi-\\namis were originally a branch of the great Illinois nation. This theory\\nis confirmed by writers of our own time, among whom we may men-\\ntion General William II. Harrison, whose long acquaintance and official\\nconnection with the several bands of the Miamis and Illinois gave him\\nCharlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 227. Moingona, from undoubted\\nauthorities, was a name given to the Des Moines River; and we find on the original\\nmap, drawn by Marquette, the village of the Moingona placed on the Des Moines\\nabove a village of the Peorias on the same stream.\\nt Father Dabion is here describing the same village referred to by Father Mar-\\nquette in that part of his Journal which we have copied on page 44.\\nX The Mississippi, of which the missionary had been speaking in the paragraph\\npreceding that which we quote.\\n119", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "120 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthe opportunities, of which he availed himself, to acquire an intimate\\nknowledge concerning them. Although the language, manners\\nand customs of the Kaskaskias make it sufficiently certain that they\\nderived their origin from the same source with the Miamis, the\\nconnection had been dissolved before the French had penetrated\\nfrom Canada to the Mississippi. The assertion of General Har-\\nrison that the tribal relation between the Illinois and Miamis had\\nbeen broken at the time of the discovery of the Upper Mississippi\\nvalley by the French is sustained with great unanimity by all other\\nauthorities. In the long and disastrous wars waged upon the Illinois\\nby the Iroquois, Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and other enemies, we\\nhave no instance given where the Miamis ever offered assistance to\\ntheir ancient kinsmen. After the separation, on the contrary, they\\noften lifted the bloody hatchet against them.\\nFather Dablon, in the narrative from which we have quoted, f\\ngives a detailed account of the civility of the Miamis at Mascouten,\\nand the formality and court routine with which their great chief was\\nsurrounded. The chief of the Miamis, whose name was Tetin-\\nchoua, was surrounded by the most notable people of the village\\nwho, assuming the role of courtiers, with civil posture full of defer-\\nence, and keeping always a respectful silence, magnified the great-\\nness of their king. The chief and his routine gave Father Dablon\\nevery mark of their most distinguished esteem. The physiognomy\\nof the chief was as mild and as attractive as any one could wish to\\nsee and while his reputation as a warrior was great, his features\\nbore a softness which charmed all those who beheld him.\\nNicholas Perrot, with Sieur de St. Lussin, dispatched by Talon,\\nthe intendant, to visit the westward nations, with whom the French\\nhad intercourse, and invite them to a council to be held the follow-\\ning spring at the Sault Ste. Marie, was at this Miami village shortly\\nafter the visit of Dablon. Perrot was treated with great consider-\\nation by the Miamis. Tatinchoua sent out a detachment to meet\\nthe French agent and receive him in military style. The detach-\\nment advanced in battle array, all the braves adorned with feathers,\\narmed at all points, were uttering war cries from time to time. The\\nPottawatomies who escorted Perrot, seeing them come in this guise,\\nprepared to receive them in the same manner, and Perrot put him-\\nself at their head. When the two troops were in face of each other,\\nthey stopped as if to take breath, then all at once Perrot took the\\nright, the Miamis the left, all running in Indian file, as though they\\nwished to gain an advantage to charge.\\nMemoirs of General Harrison, by Moses Dawson, p. 62.\\nt Relations, 1670, 1671.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "OF THE NAME MIAMI. 121\\nBut the Miamis wheeling in the form of an arc, the Pottawat-\\nomies were invested on all sides. Then both uttered loud jells,\\nwhich were the signals for a kind of combat. The Miamis fired a\\nvolley from their guns, which were only loaded with powder, and\\nthe Pottawatomies returned it in the same way after this they\\nclosed, tomahawk in hand, all the blows being received on the tom-\\nahawks. Peace was then made the Miamis presented the calumet\\nto Perrot, and led him with all his chief escort into the town, where\\nthe great chief assigned him a guard of fifty men, regaled him mag-\\nnificently after the custom of the country, and gave him the diver-\\nsion of a game of ball.* 1 The Miami chief never spoke to his\\nsubjects, but imparted his orders through some of his officers. On\\naccount of his advanced age he was dissuaded from attending the\\ncouncil to be held at Ste. Marie, between the French and the Indians\\nhowever, he deputized the Pottawatomies to act in his name.\\nThis confederacy called themselves Miamis, and by this name\\nwere known to the surrounding tribes. The name was not bestowed\\nupon them by the French, as some have assumed from its resem-\\nblance to 3Ion-ami, because they were the friends of the latter.\\nWhen Hennepin was captured on the Mississippi by a war party of\\nthe Sioux, these savages, with their painted faces rendered more\\nhideous by the devilish contortions of their features, cried out in\\nangry voices, L Mia-haina! Mia-hama and we made signs with\\nour oars upon the sand, that the Miamis, their enemies, of whom\\nthey were in search, had passed the river upon their flight to join\\nthe Illinois, f\\n1,1 The confederacy which obtained the general appellation of\\nMiamis, from the superior numbers of the individual tribe to whom\\nthat, name more properly belonged, were subdivided into three\\nprincipal tribes or bands, namely, the Miamis proper, Weas and\\nPiankeshaws. French writers have given names to two or three\\nother subdivisions or families of the three principal bands, whose\\nidentity has never been clearly traced, and who figure so little in\\nthe accounts which we have of the Miamis, that it is not necessary\\nhere to specify their obsolete names. The different ways of writing\\nHistory of New France, vol. 3, pp. 166, 167. Father Charlevoix improperly\\nlocates this village, where Perrot was received 1 at Chicago, at the lower end of Lake\\nMichigan, where the Miamis then were, page 166, above quoted. The Miamis were\\nnot then at Chicago. The reception of Perrot was at the mixed village on Fox River,\\nWisconsin, as stated in the text. The error of Charlevoix, as to the location of this\\nvillage, has been pointed out by Dr. Shea, in a note on page 166, in the History of\\nNew France, and also by Francis Parkman, in a note on page 40 of his Discovery\\nof the Great West.\\nt Hennepin, p. 187.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "122 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nMiamis are: Oumiamwek,* Oumamis,+ Maumees, Au-Miami\\n(contracted to Au-Mi and Omee) and Mine-ami. j\\nThe French called the Weas Ouiatenons, Syatanons, Ouyatanons\\nand Ouias the English and Colonial traders spelled the word,\\nOuicatanon,*j Way-ough-ta nies,* Wawiachtens,ff and Wehahs.^\\nFor the Piankeshaws, or Pou-an-ke-k,i-as, as they were called in\\nthe earliest accounts, we have Peangnichias, Pian-gui-shaws, Pyan-\\nke-shas and Pianquishas.\\nThe Miami tribes were known to the Iroquois, or Five Nations\\nof New York, as the Twight-wees, a name generally adopted by the\\nBritish, as well as by the American colonists. Of this name there\\nare various corruptions in pronunciation and spelling, examples of\\nwhich we have in Twich-twichs, 11 Twick-twicks, Twis-twicks, 1\\nk, Twigh-twees, and Twick-tovies. 1 The insertion of these many\\nnames, applied to one people, would seem a tedious superfluity, were\\nit otherwise possible to retain the identity of the tribes to which\\nthese different appellations have been given by the French, British\\nand American officers, traders and writers. It will save the reader\\nmuch perplexity in pursuing a history of the Miamis if it is borne in\\nmind that all these several names refer to the Miami nation or to\\none or the other of its respective bands.\\nBesides the colony mentioned by Dablon and Charlevoix, on the\\nFox River of Wisconsin, Hennepin informs us of a village of\\nMiamis south and west of Peoria Lake at the time he was at the\\nlatter place in 1679, and it was probably this village whose inhabit-\\nants the Sioux were seeking. St. Cosmie, in 1699, mentions the\\nvillage of the w Peanzichias-Miamis, who formerly dwelt on the\\nof the Mississippi, and who had come some years previous\\nand settled on the Illinois River, a few miles below the confluence\\nof the DesP^iiies. 1\\nThe Miamis were within the territory of La Salle s colony, of\\nwhich Starved Rock was the center, and counted thirteen hundred\\nwarriors. The Weas and Piankeshaws were also there, the former\\nhaving five hundred warriors and the Piankeshaw band one hundred\\nand fifty. This was prior to 1687. At a later day the Weas were\\nat Chicago, but being afraid of the canoe people, left it. ,,a 1 *r Sieur\\nde Courtmanche, sent westward in 1701 to negotiate with the tribes\\nin that part of New France, w r as at Chicago, where he found some\\nMarquette. fLaHontan. Gen. Harrison. \u00c2\u00a7Gen. Harmar. Lewis Evans.\\n1[ George Croghan s Narrative Journal. Croghan s List of Indian Tribes,\\ntt John Heckwelder, a Moravian Missionary. Catlin s Indian Tribes.\\nSS St. Cosmie s Journal in Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi, p. 58.\\nParkman s Discovery of the Great West, note on p. 290.\\n^,I1T Memoir on the Indian tribes, prepared in 1718: Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 890.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "AT WAR WITH THE SIOUX. 123\\nWeas (Ouiatanons), a Miami tribe, who had sung the war-song\\nagainst the Sioux and the Iroquois. He obliged them to lay down\\ntheir arms and extorted from them a promise to send deputies to\\nMontreal.\\nIn a letter dated in 1721, published in his Narrative Journal,\\nFather Charlevoix, speaking of the Miamis about the head of Lake\\nMichigan, says: Fifty years ago the Miamis were settled on the\\nsouthern extremity of Lake Michigan, in a place called Chicagou,\\nfrom the name of a small river which runs into the lake, the source\\nof which is not far distant from that of the river of the Illinois\\nthey are at present divided into three villages, one of which stands\\non the river St. Joseph, the second on another river which bears\\ntheir name and runs into Lake Erie, and the third upon the river\\nOuabache, which empties its waters into the Mississippi. These last\\nare better known by the appellation of Ouyatanons. f\\nIn 1694, Count Frontenac, in a conference with the Western In-\\ndians, requested the Miamis of the Pepikokia band who resided on\\nthe Maramek,+ to remove, and join the tribe which was located on\\nthe Saint Joseph, of Lake Michigan. The reason for this request,\\nas stated by Frontenac himself, was, that he wished the different\\nbands of the Miami confederacy to unite, so as to be able to exe-\\ncute with greater facility the commands which he might issue. At\\nthat time the Iroquois were at war with Canada, and the French\\nwere endeavoring to persuade the western tribes to take up the tom-\\nahawk in their behalf. The Miamis promised to observe the Gov-\\nernor 1 s wishes and began to make preparations for the removal.\\nLate in August, 1696, they started to join their brethren settled\\non the St. Joseph. On their way they were attacked by the Sioux,\\nwho killed several. The Miamis of the St. Joseph, learning this\\nhostility, resolved to avenge their slaughter. They pursued the\\nSioux to their own country, and found them entrenched in their fort\\nwith some Frenchmen of the class known as coureurs des bois (bush-\\nlopersV They nevertheless attacked them repeatedly with great res-\\nolution, but were repulsed, and at last compelled to retire, after\\nlosing several of their braves. On their way home, meeting other\\nFrenchmen carrying arms and ammunition to the Sioux, they seized\\nall they had, but did them no harm.\\nThe Miamis were very much enraged at the French for supplying\\nHistory of New France, vol. 5, p. 142.\\nt Charlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 1, p. 287.\\nThe Kalamazoo, of Michigan.\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, pp. 624, 625.\\nI Charlevoix History of New France, vol. 5, p. 65.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntheir enemies, the Sioux, with guns and ammunition. It took all\\nthe address of Count Frontenac to prevent them from joining the\\nIroquois indeed, they seized upon the French agent and trader,\\nNicholas Perrot, who had been commissioned to lead the Maramek\\nband to the St. Josephs, and would have burnt him alive had it not\\nbeen for the Foxes, who interposed in his behalf. This was the\\ncommencement of the bitter feeling of hostility with which, from\\nthat time, a part of the Miamis always regarded the French. From\\nthis period the movements of the tribe were observed by the French\\nwith jealous suspicion.\\nWe have already shown that in 1699 the Miamis were at Fort\\nWayne, engaged in transferring across their portage emigrants from\\nCanada to Louisiana, and that, within a few years after, the Weas\\nare described as having their fort and several miles of cultivated\\nfields on the Wea plains below La Fayette. From the extent and\\ncharacter of these improvements, it may be safely assumed that the\\nWeas had been established here some years prior to 1718, the date\\nof the Memoir.\\nWhen the French first discovered the Wabash, the Piankeshaws\\nwere found in possession of the land on either side of that stream,\\nfrom its mouth to the Vermilion River, and no claim had ever\\nbeen made to it by any other tribe until 1804, the period of a ces-\\nsion of a part of it to the United States by the Delawares, who had\\nobtained their title from the Piankeshaws themselves.^:\\nWe have already seen that at the time of the first account we\\nhave relating to the Maumee and the Wabash, the Miamis had vil-\\nlages and extensive improvements near Fort Wayne, on the Wea\\nprairie below La Fayette, on the Vermilion of the Wabash, and at\\nVincennes. At a later day they established villages at other places,\\nviz, near the forks of the Wabash at Huntington, on the Mississin-\\newa,^ on Eel Paver near Logansport, while near the source of this\\nriver, and westward of Fort Wayne, was the village of the Little\\nTurtle. Near the mouth of the Tippecanoe was a sixth village.\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, p. 672.\\nfVide, p. 104.\\nX Memoirs of General Harrison, pp. 61, 63.\\nijThis stream empties into the Wabash near Peru, and on the opposite side of the\\nriver from that city. The word is a compound of missi, great, and assin, stone, signify-\\ning the river of the great or much stone. The Mississinewa, with its pillared rocks,\\nis full of geological as well as romantic interest. Some three miles from Peru the\\nchannel is cut thi ough a solid wall of cherty silico-magnesian limestone. The action\\nof the river and unequal disintegration of the rocks has carved the precipitous wall,\\nwhich converts the river s course into a system of pillars, rounded buttresses, alcoves,\\nchambers and overhanging sides. Prof. Collett s Report on the Geology of Miami\\ncounty, Indiana.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "A WARLIKE PEOPLE. 125\\nPassing below the Vermilion, the Miamis had other villages, one\\non Sugar creek* and another near Terre Haute, f\\nThe country of the Miamis extended west to the watershed be-\\ntween the Illinois and Wabash rivers, which separated their posses-\\nsions from those of their brethren, the Illinois. On the north were\\nthe Pottawatomies, who were slowly but steadily pushing their lines\\nsouthward into the territory of the Miamis. The superior numbers\\nof the Miamis and their great valor enabled them to extend the\\nlimit of their hunting grounds eastward into Ohio, and far within\\nthe territory claimed by the Iroquois. They were the undoubted\\nproprietors of all that beautiful country watered by the Wabash and\\nits tributaries, and there remains as little doubt that their claim ex-\\ntended as far east as the Scioto.\\nUnlike the Illinois, the Miamis held their own until they were\\nplaced upon an equal footing with the tribes eastward by obtaining\\npossession of fire-arms. With these implements of civilized warfare\\nthey were able to maintain their tribal integrity and the independ-\\nence they cherished. They were not to be controlled by the French,\\nnor did they suffer enemies from any quarter to impose upon them\\nwithout prompt retaliation. They traded and fought with the\\nFrench, English and Americans as their interests or passions in-\\nclined. They made peace or declared war against other nations of\\ntheir own race as policy or caprice dictated. More than once they\\ncompelled even the arrogant Iroquois to beg from the governors of\\nthe American colonies that protection which they themselves had\\nfailed to secure by their own prowess. Bold, independent and\\nflushed with success, the Miamis afforded a poor field for missionary\\nwork, and the Jesuit Relations and pastoral letters of the French\\npriesthood have less to say of the Miami confederacy than any of the\\nother western tribes, the Kickapoos alone excepted.\\nThe country of the Miamis was accessible, by way of the lakes,\\nto the fur trader of Canada, and from the eastward, to the adven-\\nturers engaged in the Indian trade from Pennsylvania, New York\\nand Virginia, either by way of the Ohio River or a commerce car-\\nried on overland by means of pack-horses. The English and the\\nFrench alike coveted their peltries and sought their powerful alli-\\n*This stream was at one time called Rocky River, vide Brown s Western Gazet-\\nteer. By the Wea Miamis it was called Ptoi-go-se-cou-e, Sugar tree (creek), vide\\nstatement of Mary Ann Baptiste to the author.\\nfThe villages below the Vermilion and above Vincennes figure on some of the early\\nEnglish maps and in accounts given by traders as the lower or little Wea towns. Be-\\nsides these, which were the principal ones, the Miamis had a village at Thorn town,\\nand many others of lesser note on the Wabash and its tributaries.\\nX Official Letter of General Harrison to the Secretary of War, before quoted.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nance, therefore the Miamis were harassed with the jealousies and\\ndiplomacy of both, and if they or a part of their several tribes be-\\ncame inveigled into an alliance with the one, it involved the hostility\\nof the other. The French government sought to use them to check\\nthe westward advance of the British colonial influence, while the\\nlatter desired their assistance to curb the French, whose ambitious\\nschemes involved nothing less than the exclusive subjugation of\\nthe entire continent westward of the Alleghanies. In these wars\\nbetween the English and the French the Miamis were constantly\\nreduced in numbers, and whatever might have been the result to\\neither of the former, it only ended in disaster to themselves. Some-\\ntimes they divided again they were entirely devoted to the interest\\nof the English and Iroquois. Then they joined the French against\\nthe British and Iroquois, and when the British ultimately obtained\\nthe mastery and secured the valley of the Mississippi, the long\\nsought for prize, the Miamis entered the confederacy of Pontiac\\nto drive them out of the country. They fought with the British,\\nexcept the Piankeshaw band, against the colonies during the\\nrevolutionary war. After its close their young men were largely\\noccupied in the predatory warfare waged by the several Maumee\\nand Wabash tribes upon the frontier settlements of Ohio, Pennsyl-\\nvania, Virginia and Kentucky. They likewise entered the con-\\nfederacy of Tecumseh, and, either openly or in secret sympathy,\\nthey were the allies of the British in the war of 1812. Their history\\noccupies a conspicuous place in the military annals of the west,\\nextending over a period of a century, during which time they main-\\ntained a manly struggle to retain possession of their homes in the\\nvalleys of the Wabash and Maumee.\\nThe disadvantage under which the Miamis labored, in encounters\\nwith their enemies, before they obtained fire-arms, was often over-\\ncome by the exercise of their cunning and bravery. In the year\\n16S0 the Miamis and Illinois were hunting on the St. Joseph River.\\nA party of four hundred Iroquois surprised them and killed thirty\\nor forty of their hunters and captured three hundred of their women\\nand children. After the victors had rested awhile they prepared to\\nreturn to their homes by easy journeys, as they had reason to believe\\nthat they could reach their own villages before the defeated enemy\\nwould have time to rally and give notice of their disaster to those of\\ntheir nation who were hunting in remoter places. But they were\\ndeceived for the Illinois and Miamis rallied to the number of two\\nhundred, and resolved to die fighting rather than suffer their women\\nand children to be carried away. In the meantime, because they", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "DEFEAT OF THE IROQUOIS. 127\\nwere not equal to their enemies in equipment of arms or numbers,\\nthey contrived a notable stratagem.\\nAfter the Miamis had duly considered in what way they would at-\\ntack the Iroquois, they decided to follow them, keeping a small dis-\\ntance in the rear, until it should rain. The heavens seemed to favor\\ntheir plan, for. after awhile it began to rain, and rained continually\\nthe whole day from morning until night. When the rain began to\\nfall the Miamis quickened their march and passed by the Iroquois,\\nand took a position two leagues in advance, where they lay in an am-\\nbuscade, hidden by the tall grass, in the middle of a prairie, which\\nthe Iroquois had to cross in order to reach the woods beyond, where\\nthey designed to kindle fires and encamp for the night. The Illi-\\nnois and Miamis, lying at full length in the grass on either side of\\nthe trail, waited until the Iroquois were in their midst, when they\\nshot off their arrows, and then attacked vigorously with their clubs.\\nThe Iroquois endeavored to use their fire-arms, but finding them of\\nno service because the rain had dampened and spoiled the priming,\\nthrew them upon the ground, and undertook to defend themselves\\nwith their clubs. In the use of the latter weapon the Iroquois were\\nno match for their more dexterous and nimble enemies. They were\\nforced to yield the contest, and retreated, fighting until night came\\non. They lost one hundred and eighty of their warriors.\\nThe fight lasted about an hour, and would have continued through\\nthe night, were it not that the Miamis and Illinois feared that their\\nwomen and children (left in the rear and bound) would be exposed\\nto some surprise in the dark. The victors rejoined their women and\\nchildren, and possessed themselves of the fire-arms of their enemies.\\nThe Miamis and Illinois then returned to their own country, without\\ntaking one Iroquois for fear of weakening themselves.\\nFailing in their first efforts to withdraw the Miamis from the\\nFrench, and secure their fur trade to the merchants at Albany and\\nNew York, the English sent their allies, the Iroquois, against them.\\nA series of encounters between the two tribes was the result, in\\n*This account is taken from La Hontan, vol. 2, pp. 63, 64 and 65. The facts con-\\ncerning the engagement, as given by La Hontan, may be relied upon as substantially\\ncorrect, for they were written only a few years after the event. La Hontan, as appears\\nfrom the date of his letters which comprise the principal part of his volumes, was in\\nthis country from November, 1683, to 1689, and it was during this time that he was\\ncollecting the information contained in his works. The place where this engagement\\nbetween the Miamis and Illinois against the Iroquois occurred, is a matter of doubt.\\nSome late commentators claim that it was upon the Maumee. La Hontan says that\\nthe engagement was near the river Oumamis. When he wrote, the St. Joseph of\\nLake Michigan was called the river Oumamis, and on the map accompanying La Hon-\\ntan s volume it is so-called, while the Maumee, though laid down on the map, is\\ndesignated by no name whatever. It would, therefore, appear that when La Hontan\\nmentioned the Miami River he referred to the St. Joseph.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwhich the blood of both was profusely shed, to further the purposes\\nof a purely commercial transaction.\\nIn these engagements the Senecas a tribe of the Iroquois, or\\nFive Nations, residing to the west of the other tribes of the confed-\\neracy, and, in consequence, being nearest to the Miamis, and more\\ndirectly exposed to their fury were nearly destroyed at the out-\\nset. The Miamis followed up their success and drove the Senecas\\nbehind the palisades that inclosed their villages. For three years\\nthe war was carried on with a bitterness only known to exasperated\\nsavages.\\nWhen at last the Iroquois saw they could no longer defend them-\\nselves against the Miamis, they appeared in council before the Gov-\\nernor of New York, and, pittyingly, claimed protection from him,\\nwho, to say the least, had remained silent and permitted his own\\npeople to precipitate this calamity upon them.\\nYou say you will support us against all your kings and our\\nenemies; we will then forbear keeping any more correspondence\\nwith the French of Canada if the great King of England will de-\\nfend our people from the Twichtivieks and other nations over whom\\nthe French have an influence and have encouraged to destroy an\\nabundance of our people, even since the peace between the two crowns,\\netc.\\nThe governor declined sending troops to protect the Iroquois\\nagainst their enemies, but informed them: You must be sensible\\nthat the Dowaganhaes, Twichtwicks, etc., and other remote Indians,\\nare vastly more numerous than you Five Nations, and that, by their\\ncontinued warring upon you, they will, in a few years, totally de-\\nstroy you. I should, therefore, think it prudence and good policy in\\nyou to try all possible means to fix a trade and correspondence with\\nall those nations, by which means you would reconcile them to your-\\nselves, and with my assistance, I am in hopes that, in a short time,\\nthey might be united with us in the covenant chain, and then you\\nmight, at all times, without hazard, go hunting into their country,\\nwhich, I understand, is much the best for beaver. I wish you would\\ntry to bring some of them to speak to me, and perhaj)s I might pre-\\nvail upon them to come and live amongst you. I should think my-\\nself obliged to reward you for such a piece of service as I tender\\nyour good advantage, and will always use my best endeavor to pre-\\nserve you from all your enemies.\\nSpeech of an Iroquois chief at a conference held at Albany, August 26, 1700, be-\\ntween Richard, Earl of Belmont, Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of His Maj-\\nesty s provinces of New York, etc., and the sachems of the Five Nations. New York\\nColonial Documents, vol. 4. p. 729.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Wk -v*\\nOECD\\nDANVILLE", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "TRADE WITH THE ENGLISH. 129\\nThe conference continued several days, (hiring which the Iroquois\\nstated their grievances in numerous speeches, to which the governor\\ngraciously replied, using vague terms and making no promisi s,\\nafter the manner of the extract from his speech above quoted, but\\nplaced great stress on the value of the fur trade to the English, and\\nenjoining his brothers, the Iroquois, to bring all their peltries to\\nAlbany to maintain their old alliance with the English, offensive\\nand defensive, and have no intercourse whatever, of a friendly na-\\nture, with the rascally French of Canada.\\nThe Iroquois declined to follow the advice of the governor,\\ndeeming it of little credit to their courage to sue for peace. In the\\nmeantime the governor sent emissaries out among the Miamis, with\\nan invitation to open a trade with the English. The messengers were\\ncaptured by the commandant at Detroit, and sent, as prisoners. t\\nCanada. However, the Miamis. in Jul v. 1702, sent, through the\\nsachems of the Five Nations, a message to the governor at Albany,\\nadvising him that many of the Miamis. with another nation, had\\nremoved to. and were then living at, Tjughsaghrondie,* near by the\\nfort which the French had built the previous summer that they had\\nbeen informed that one of their chiefs, who had visited Albany two\\nyears before, had been kindly treated, and that they had now come\\nforward to inquire into the trade of Albany, and see if goods could\\nnot be purchased there cheaper than elsewhere, and that they had\\nintended to go to Canada with their beaver and peltries, but that\\nthey ventured to Albany to inquire if goods could not be secured on\\nbetter terms. The governor replied that he was extremely pleased\\nto speak with the Miamis about the establishment of a lasting friend-\\nship and trade, and in token of his sincere intentions presented his\\nguests with guns, powder, hats, strouds. tobacco and pipes, and sent\\nto their brethren at Detroit, waumpum, pipes, shells, nose and ear\\njewels, looking-glasses, tans, children* toy-, and such other light\\narticles as his guests could conveniently carry and. finally, assured\\nthem that the Miamis might come freely to Albany, where they\\nwould be treated kindly, and receive, in exchange for their peltries,\\neverything as cheap as any other Indians in covenant of friei\\nwith the English.\\nDuring the same year 1 1702) the Miamis and Senecas settled their\\nquarrels, exchanged prisoners, and established a peace between\\nthemselves.^\\n*The Iroquois name for the Straits of Detroit.\\nt Proceedings of a conference between the parties mentioned above. New York\\nColonial Documents, vol. 4. pp. 979 to 981.\\nX New York Colonial Documents, vol. 4, p. 989.\\n9", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "130 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe French were not disposed to allow a portion of the fur trade\\nto be diverted to Albany. Peaceable means were first used to dis-\\nsuade the Miamis from trading with the English failing in this,\\nforcible means were resorted to. Captain Antoine De La Mothe\\nCadillac marched against the Miamis and reduced them to terms.*\\nThe Miamis were not unanimous in the choice of their friends.\\nSome adhered to the French, while others were strongly inclined to\\ntrade with the English, of whom they could obtain a better quality\\nof goods at cheaper rates, while at the same time they were allowed\\na greater price for their furs. Cadillac had hardly effected a coercive\\npeace with the Miamis before che latter were again at Albany. I\\nhave, 1 writes Lord Cournbury to the Board of Trade, in a letter\\ndated August 20, 1708,f been there five years endeavoring to get\\nthese nations [referring to the Miamis and another nation] to trade\\nwith our people, but the French have always dissuaded them from\\ncoming until this year, when, goods being very scarce, they came to\\nAlbany, where our people have supplied them with goods much\\ncheaper than ever the French did, and they promise to return in the\\nspring with a much greater number of their nations, which would be\\na very great advantage to this province. I did, in a letter of the\\n25th day of June last, inform your Lordships that three French\\nsoldiers, having deserted from the French at a place they call Le\\nDestroit, came to Albany. Another deserter came from the same\\nplace, whom I examined myself, and I inclose a copy of his exam-\\nination, by which your Lordships will perceive how easily the French\\nmay be beaten out of Canada. The better I am acquainted with this\\ncountry, and the more I inquire into matters, so much the more I\\nam confirmed in my opinion of the facility of effecting that conquest,\\nand by the method I then proposed. 1\\nTurning to French documents we find that Sieur de Callier de-\\nsired the Miamis to withdraw from their several widely separated\\nvillages and settle in a body upon the St. Joseph. At a great council\\nof the westward tribes, held in Montreal in 1694, the French In-\\ntendant, in a speech to the Miamis, declares that he will not believe\\nthat the Miamis wish to obey him until they make altogether one\\nand the same fire, either at the River St. Joseph or at some other\\nplace adjoining it. He tells them that he has got near the Iroquois,\\nand has soldiers at Katarakoui, in the fort that had been abandoned\\nthat the Miamis must get near the enemy, in order to imitate him\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, p. 671: note of the editor.\\nt New York Colonial Documents, vol. 5, p. 65.\\nAt Fort Frontenac.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "URGED TO UNITE AT ONE PLACE. 131\\n(the Intendant), and be able to strike the Iroquois the more readily.\\nMy children, continued the Intendant, tell me that the Miamis\\nare numerous, and able of themselves to destroy the Iroquois. Like\\nthem, all are afraid. What! do you wish to abandon your country\\nto your enemy? Have you forgotten that I waged war against\\nhim, principally on your account, alone? Your dead are no longer\\nvisible in his country; their bodies are covered by those of the\\nFrench who have perished to avenge them; I furnished you the\\nmeans to avenge them, likewise. It depends only on me to receive\\nthe Iroquois as a friend, which I will not do on account of you, who\\nwould be destroyed were I to make peace without including you in\\nits terms.\\nI have heard, writes Governor Vaudreuil, in a letter dated\\nthe 2Sth of October, 1719, to the Council of Marine at Paris, that\\nthe Miamis had resolved to remain where they were, and not go\\nto the St. Joseph River, and that this resolution of theirs was dan-\\ngerous, on account of the facility they would have of communicating\\nwith the English, who were incessantly distributing belts secretly\\namong the nations, to attract them to themselves, and that Sieur\\nDubinson had been designed to command the post of Ouaytanons,\\nwhere he should use his influence among the Miamis to induce them\\nto go to the River St. Joseph, and in case they were not willing,\\nthat he should remain with them, to counteract the effect of those\\nbelts, which had already caused eight or ten Miami canoes to go that\\nyear to trade at Albany, and which might finally induce all of the\\nMiami nation to follow the example, f Finally, some twenty-five\\nyears later, as we learn from the letter of M. de Beauharnois, that\\nthis French officer, having learned that the English had established\\ntrading magazines on the Ohio, issued his orders to the command-\\nants among the Weas and Miamis, to drive the British off by force\\nof arms and plunder their stores.^\\nOther extracts might.be drawn from the voluminous reports of\\nthe military and civil officers of the French and British colonial\\ngovernments respectively, to the same purport as those already\\nquoted but enough has been given to illustrate the unfortunate\\nposition of the Miamis. For a period of half a century they were\\nplaced betw r een the cutting edges of English and French pur-\\nposes, during which there was no time when they were not threat-\\nened with danger of, or engaged in, actual war either with the\\nFrench or the English, or with some of their several Indian allies.\\nParis Documents, vol. 9, p. 625. f Ibid, p. 894. Ibid, p. 1105.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nBy this continual abrasion, the peace and happiness which should\\nhave been theirs was wholly lost, and their numbers constantly\\nreduced. They had no relief from the strife, in which only injury\\ncould result to themselves, let the issue have been what it might\\nbetween the English and the French, until the power of the latter\\nwas finally destroyed in 17G3 and even then, after the French had\\ngiven up the country, the Miamis were compelled to defend their\\nown title to it against the arrogant claims of the English. In the\\neffort of the combined westward tribes to wrest their country from\\nthe English, subsequent to the close of the colonial war, the Miamis\\ntook a conspicuous part. This will be noticed in a subsequent chap-\\nter. After the conclusion of the revolutionary war, the several\\nMiami villages from the Vermilion River to Fort Wayne suffered\\nseverely from the attacks of the federal government under General\\nHarmer, and the military expeditions recruited in Kentucky, and\\ncommanded by Colonels Scott and Wilkinson. Besides these dis-\\nasters, whole villages were nearly depopulated by the ravages of\\nsmall-pox. The uncontrollable thirst for whisky, acquired, through\\na long course of years, by contact with unscrupulous traders, reduced\\ntheir numbers still more, while it degraded them to the last degree.\\nThis was their condition in 1814, when General Harrison said of\\nthem: The Miamis will not be in our way. They are a poor,\\nmiserable, drunken set, diminishing every year. Becoming too lazy\\nto hunt, they feel the advantage of their annuities. The fear of the\\nother Indians has alone prevented them from selling their whole\\nclaim to the United States and as soon as there is peace, or when\\nthe British can no longer intrigue, they will sell. The same\\nauthority, in his historical address at Cincinnati in 1838, on the\\naborigines of the Valley of the Ohio, says: At any time before\\nthe treaty of Greenville in 1795 the Miamis alone could have fur-\\nnished more than three thousand warriors. Constant war with our\\nfrontier had deprived them of many of their braves, but the ravages\\nof small-pox was the principal cause of the great decrease in their\\nnumbers. They composed, however, a body of the finest light\\ntroops in the world. And had they been under an efficient system of\\ndiscipline, or possessed enterprise equal to their valor, the settle-\\nment of the country would have been attended with much greater\\ndifficulty than was encountered in accomplishing it, and their final\\nsubjugation would have been delayed for some years.\\nYet their decline, from causes assigned, was so rapid, that when\\nOfficial letter of General Harrison to the Secretary of War, of date March 24, 1814.\\nfP. 39 of General Harrison s address, original pamphlet edition.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "CESSION OF THEIR LANDS. 133\\nthe Baptist missionary, Isaac McCoy, was among them from 1817\\nuntil 1822, and drawing conclusions from personal contact, declared\\nthat the Miamis were not a warlike people. There is, perhaps, in\\nthe history of the North American Indians, no instance parallel to\\nthe utter demoralization of the Miamis, nor an example of a tribe\\nwhich stood so high and had tallen so low through the practice of\\nall the vices which degrade human beings. Mr. McCoy, within the\\nperiod named, traveled up and down the Wabash, from Terre Haute\\nto Fort Wayne and at the villages near Montezuma, on Eel River,\\nat the Mississinewa and Fort Wayne, there were continuous rounds\\nof drunken debauchery whenever whisky could be obtained, of which\\nmen, women and children all partook, and life was often sacrificed\\nin personal broils or by exposure of the debauchees to the inclemency\\nof the weather.\\nBy treaties, entered into at various times, from 1795 to 1845, in-\\nclusive, the Miamis ceded their lands in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio,\\nand removed west of the Mississippi, going in villages or by detach-\\nments, from time to time. At a single cession in 1838 they sold\\nthe government 177,000 acres of land in Indiana, which was only a\\nfragment of their former possessions, still retaining a large tract.\\nThus they alienated their heritage, and gradually disappeared from\\nthe valleys of the Maumee and Wabash. A few remained on their\\nreservations and adapted themselves to the ways of the white peo-\\nple, and their descendants may be occasionally met with about Peru,\\nWabash and Fort Wayne. The money received from sales of their\\nlands proved to them a calamity, rather than a blessing, as it intro-\\nduced the most demoralizing habits. It is estimated that within a\\nperiod of eighteen years subsequent to the close of the war of 1812\\nmore than rive hundred of them perished in drunken broils and lights.\\nThe last of the Miamis to go westward were the Mississinewa\\nband. This remnant, comprising in all three hundred and fifty per-\\nsons, under charge of Christmas Dagney,^: left their old home in the\\nMr. McCoy has contributed a valuable fund of original information in his History\\nof Baptist Indian Missions, published in 1840. The volume contains six hundred and\\neleven pages. He mentions many instances of drunken orgies which he witnessed in\\nthe several Miami towns. We quote one of them: An intoxicated Indian at Fort\\nWayne dismounted from his horse and ran up to a young Indian woman who was his\\nsister-in-law, with a knife in his hand. She first ran around one of the company pres-\\nent, and then another, to avoid the murderer, but in vain. He stabbed her with his\\nknife. She then fled from the company. He stood looking after her, and seeing she\\ndid not fall, pursued her, threw her to the earth and drove his knife into her heart, in\\nthe presence of the whole company, none of whom ventured to save the girl s life.\\nP. 85.\\nt Vide American Cyclopaedia, vol. 11, p. 490.\\nX His name was, also, spelled Dazney and Dagnett. He was born on the 25th of\\nDecember, 1799, at the Wea village of Old Orchard Town, or We-au-ta- io, The\\nRisen Sun, situated two miles below Fort Harrison. His father, Ambroise Dagney,", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "134 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nfall of 1S4C and readied Cincinnati on canal-boats in October of\\nthat year. Here they were placed upon a steamboat and taken down\\nthe Ohio, up the Mississippi and Missouri, and landed late in the\\nseason at Westport, near Kansas City. Ragged men and nearly\\nnaked women and children, forming a motley group, were huddled\\nupon the shore, alone, with no friends to relieve their wants, and\\nexposed to the bitter December winds that blew from the chilly\\nplains of Kansas. In 1670 the Jesuit Father Dablon introduces the\\nMiamis to our notice at the village of Maskoutench. where we see\\nthe chief surrounded by his officers of state in all the routine of bar-\\nbaric display, and the natives of other tribes paying his subjects the\\ngreatest deference. The Miamis, advancing eastward, in the rear of\\nthe Hue of their valorous warriors, pushed their villages into Michi-\\ngan, Indiana, and as far as the river still bearing their name in Ohio.\\nComing in collision with the French, English and Americans, re-\\nduced by constant wars, and decimated, more than all, with vices\\ncontracted by intercourse with the whites, whose virtues they failed\\nto emulate, they make a westward turn, and having, in the progress\\nof time, described the round of a most singular journey, we at last\\nbehold the miserable and friendless remnant on the same side of the\\nwas a Frenchman, a native of Kaskaskia, and served during Harrison s campaign\\nagainst the Indians, in 1811, in Captain Scott s company, raised at Vincennes. He\\ntook part in the battle of Tippecanoe. His mother, Me-chin-quam-e-sha, the Beauti-\\nful Shade Tree, was the sister of Jocco, or Tack-ke-ke-kah, The Tall Oak, who\\nwas chief of the Wea band living at the village named, and whose people claimed\\nthe country east of the Wabash, from the mouth of Sugar Creek to a point some dis-\\ntance below Terre Haute. Me-chin-quam-e-sha died in 1822, and was buried at\\nFort Harrison. Christmas Dagney received a good education under the instruction of\\nthe Catholics. He spoke French and English with great fluency, and was master of\\nthe dialects of the several Wabash tribes. For many years he was government inter-\\npreter at Fort Harrison, and subsequently Indian agent, having the superin tendency\\nof the AVabash Miamis, whom he conducted westward. On the 16th of February,\\n1819. he was married to Mary Ann Isaacs, of the Brothertown Indians, who had\\nbeen spending a few weeks at the mission house of Isaac McCoy, situated on Raccoon\\nCreek, or PisJieica, as it was called by the Indians, a few miles above Armysburg.\\nThe marriage was performed by Mr. McCoy in the presence of our Indian neighbors,\\nwho were invited to attend the ceremony. And we had the happiness to have twenty-\\nthree of the natives partake of a meal prepared on the occasion. Vide page 64 in his\\nbook, before quoted. This was, doubtless, the first marriage that was celebrated after\\nthe formality of our laws within the present limits of Parke country. By the terms of\\nthe treaty at St. Mary s, concluded on the 2d of October. 1818, one section of land was\\nreserved for the exclusive use of Mr. Dagney, and he went to Washington and selected\\na section that included the village of Armysburg, which at that time was the county\\nseat, and consisted of a row of log houses formed out of sugar-tree logs and built\\ncontinuously together, from which circumstance it derived the name of String-\\ntown. As a speculation the venture was not successful, for the seat of justice was\\nremoved to Rockville, and town lots at Stringtown ceased to have even a prospective\\nvalue. Mr. Dagney s family occupied the reservation as a farm until about 1846. Mr.\\nDagney died in 1848, at Coldwater Grove, Kansas. Her second husband was Babtise\\nPeoria. Mrs. Babtise Peoria had superior opportunities to acquire an extensive knowl-\\nedge of the Wabash tribes between Vincennes and Fort Wayne, as she lived on the\\nWabash from 1817 until 1846. She is now living at Paola, Kansas, where the author\\nmet her in November, 1878.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "REMOVAL WESTWARD. 135\\nMississippi from whence their warlike progenitors had come nearly\\ntwo centuries before.\\nFrom Westport the Mississinewas were conducted to a place\\nnear the present village of Lowisburg, Kansas, in the county named\\n(Miami) after the tribe. Here they suffered greatly. Nearly one\\nthird of their number died the first year. They were homesick and\\ndisconsolate to the last degree. Strong men would actually weep,\\nas their thoughts recurred to their dear old homes in Indiana,\\nwhither many of them would make journeys, barefooted, begging\\ntheir way, and submitting to the imprecations hurled from the door\\nof the white man upon them as they asked for a crust of bread.\\nThey wanted to die to forget their miseries. I have seen, says\\nMrs. Mary Baptiste to the author, mothers and fathers give their\\nlittle children away to others of the tribe for adoption, and after\\nsinging their funeral songs, and joining in the solemn dance of\\ndeath, go calmly away from the assemblage, to be seen no more\\nalive. The Miamis could not be reconciled to the prairie winds of\\nKansas they longed for the woods and groves that gave a partial\\nshade to the flashing waters of the Wah-pe-sha.\\nThe AVea and Piankeshaw bands preceded the Mississinewas to\\nthe westward. They had become reduced to a wretched community\\nof about two hundred and fifty souls, and they suffered severely.\\nduring the civil war, in Kansas. The Miamis, Weas, Piankeshaws,\\nand the remaining fragments of the Kaskaskias, containing under\\nthat name what yet remained of the several subdivisions of the old\\nIHini confederacy, were gathered together by Baptiste Peoria, and\\nconsolidated under the title of The Confederated Tribes. t This\\n*The peculiar sound with which Mrs. Baptiste gave the Miami pronunciation of\\nWabash is difficult to express in mere letters. The principal accent is on the first syl-\\nlable, the minor accent on the last, while the second syllable is but slightly sounded.\\nThe word means white in both the Miami and Peoria dialects. In treating upon\\nthe derivation of the word Wabash (p. 100), the manuscript containing the statements\\nof Mrs. Baptiste was overlooked.\\nfThis remarkable man was the son of a daughter of a sub-chief of the Peoria\\ntribe. He was born, according to the best information, in 1793, near the confluence of\\nthe Kankakee and Maple, as the Des Plaines River was called by the Illinois Indians\\nand the French respectively. His reputed father was a French Canadian trader liv-\\ning with this tribe, and whose name was Baptiste. Young Peoria was called Batticy\\nby his mother. Later in life he was known as Baptiste the Peoria, and finally as Bap-\\ntiste Peoria. The people of his tribe gave the name a liquid sound, and pronounced\\nit as if it were spelled Paola. The county seat of Miami county, Kansas, is named\\nafter him. He was a man of large frame, active, and possessed of great strength and\\ncourage. Like Keokuk, the great chief of the Sacs and Fox Indians, Paola was fond\\nof athletic sports, and was an expert horseman. He had a ready command both of\\nthe French Canadian and the English languages. He was familiar with the dialects of\\nthe Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Delawares, Miamis and Kickapoos. These qualifications\\nas a linguist soon brought him into prominence among the Indians, while his known\\nintegrity commended his services to the United States government. From the year\\n1821 to the year 1838 he assisted in the removal of the above-named tribes from Indi-", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "136 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nlittle confederation disposed of their reservation in Miami county,\\nKansas, and adjacent vicinity, and retired to a tract of reduced\\ndimensions within the Indian Territory. Since their last change of\\nlocation in 1867 they have made but little progress in their efforts\\ntoward a higher civilization. The numbers of what remains of the\\nonce numerous Illinois and Miami confederacies are reduced to less\\nthan two hundred persons. The Miamis, like the unfortunate man\\nwho has carried his dissipations beyond the limit from which there\\ncan be no healthy reaction, seem not to have recovered from the\\nvices contracted before leaving the states, and with some notable\\nexceptions, they are a listless, idle people, little worthy of the spirit\\nthat inspired the breasts of their ancestors.\\nana and Illinois to their reservations beyond the Mississippi. His duties as Indian\\nagent brought him in contact with many of the early settlers on the Illinois and the\\nWabash, from Vincennes to Fort Wayne. In 1818, when about twenty-five years of\\nage, Batticy represented his tribe at the treaty at Edwardsville. By this treaty, which is\\nsigned by representatives from all the five tribes comprising the Illinois or Illini nation\\nof Indians, viz, the Peorias. Kaskaskias, Mitchigamias, Cahokias and Tamaoris, it\\nappears that for a period of years anterior to that time the Peorias had lived, and were\\nthen living, separate and apart from the other tribes named. Treaties with the Indian\\nTribes, etc., p. 247, government edition. 1837. By this treaty the several tribes named\\nceded to the United States the residue of their lands in Illinois. For nearly thirty years\\nwas Baptiste Peoria in the service of the United States. In 1867 Peoria became the\\nchief of the consolidated tribes of the Miamis and Illinois, and went with them to\\ntheir new reservation in the northeast corner of the Indian Territory, where he died\\non the 13th of September, 1873, aged eighty years. Some years before his death he\\nmarried Mary Baptiste, the widow of Christmas Dagney, who, as before stated, still\\nsurvives. I am indebted to this lady for copies of the Western Spirit, a newspaper\\npublished at Paola, and the Fort Scott Monitor, containing obituary notices and\\nbiographical sketches of her late husband, from which this notice of Baptiste Peoria\\nhas been summarized. Baptiste may be said to be the last of the Peorias. He\\nmade a manly and persistent effort to save the fragment of the Illinois and Miamis,\\nand by precepts and example tried to encourage them to adopt the ways of civilized\\nlife.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV.\\nTHE POTTAW ATOMIES.\\nWhen the Jesuits were extending their missions westward of\\nQuebec they found a tribe of Indians, called Ottawas, living upon\\na river of Canada, to which the name of Ottawa was given. After\\nthe dispersion of the Hurons by the Iroquois, in 1649, the Ottawas,\\nto the number of one thousand, joined five hundred of the discom-\\nfited Hurons, and with them retired to the southwestern shore of\\nLake Superior.* The fugitives were followed by the missionaries,\\nwho established among them the Mission of the Holy Ghost, at La\\nPointe, already mentioned. Shortly after the establishment of the\\nmission the Jesuits made an enumeration of the western Algonquin\\ntribes, in which all are mentioned except the Ojibbeways and Pian-\\nkeshaws. The nation which dwelt south of the mission, classified as\\nspeaking the pure Algonquin, is uniformly called Ottawas, and the\\nOjibbeways, by whom they were surrounded, were never once noticed\\nby that name. Hence it is certain that at that early day the Jesuits\\nconsidered the Ottawas and Ojibbeways as one people, f\\nIn close consanguinity with the Ottawas and Ojibbeways were\\nthe Pottawatomies, between whom there was only a slight dialectical\\ndifference in language, while the manners and customs prevailing in\\nthe three tribes were almost identical.:}; This view was again re-\\nasserted by Mr. Gallatin: Although it must be admitted that the\\nAlgonquins, the Ojibbeways, the Ottawas and the Pottawatomies\\nspeak different dialects, these are so nearly allied that they may be\\nconsidered rather as dialects of the same, than as distinct languages.\\nThis conclusion of Mr. Gallatin was arrived at after a scientific\\nand analytical comparison of the languages of the tribes mentioned.\\nIn confirmation of the above statement we have the speeches of\\nthree Indian chiefs at Chicago in the month of August, 1821. Dur-\\ning the progress of the treaty, Keewaygooshkum, a chief of the first\\nauthority among the Ottawas, stated that the Chippewas, the Pot-\\nJesuit Relations for 1666.\\nt Albert Gallatin s Synopsis of the Indian Tribes, p. 27.\\nX Jesuit Relations.\\nSynopsis of the Indian Tribes, p. 29.\\n137", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntawatomies and the Ottawas were originally one nation. We sepa-\\nrated from each other near Michilimackinac. We were related by\\nthe ties of blood, language and interest, but in the course of a long\\ntime these things have been forgotten, etc.\\nAt the conclusion of this speech, Mich-el, an aged chief of the\\nChippewas, said My Brethren, I am about to speak a few words.\\nI know you expect it. Be silent, therefore, that the words of an old\\nman may be heard.\\nMy Brethren, You have heard the man who has just spoken.\\nWe are all descended from the same stock, the Pottawatomies, the\\nChippeways and the Ottawas. We consider ourselves as one. Why\\nshould we not always act in concert\\nMetea, the most powerful of the Pottawatomie chieftains, in his\\nspeech made this statement:\\nBrothers, Chippeways and Ottawas, we consider ourselves as\\none people, which you know, as also our father* here, who has trav-\\neled over our country.\\nMr. Schoolcraft, in commenting on the above statements, re-\\nmarks This testimony of a common origin derives additional\\nweight from the general resemblance of these tribes in person, man-\\nners, customs and dress, but above all by their having one council-\\ntire and speaking one language. Still there are obvious characteris-\\ntics which will induce an observer, after a general acquaintance, to\\npronounce the Pottawatomies tall, fierce, haughty the Ottawas\\nshort, thick-set, good-natured, industrious the Chippeways warlike,\\ndaring, etc. But the general lineaments, or, to borrow a phrase\\nfrom natural history, the suite features, are identical, f\\nThe first mention that we have of the Pottawatomies is in the\\nJesuit Relations for the years 1639-40. They are then mentioned as\\ndwelling beyond the River St. Lawrence, and to the north of the\\ngreat lake of the ITurons. At this period it is very likely that the\\nPottawatomies had their homes both north of Lake Huron and\\nsouth of it, in the northern part of the present State of Michigan.\\nTwenty-six or seven years after this date the country of the Potta-\\nwatomies is described as being about the Lake of the Ilimouek.\\nThey were mentioned as being a warlike people, hunters and fish-\\ners. Their country is very good for Indian corn, of which they\\nplant fields, and to which they willingly retire to avoid the famine\\nthat is too common in these quarters. They are in the highest de-\\ngree idolaters, attached to ridiculous fables and devoted to polygamy.\\nLewis Cass. f Schoolcraft s Central Mississippi Valley, pp. 357, 360, 368.\\nLake Michigan.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE POTTAWATOMIES. 139\\nWe have seen them here* to the number of three hundred men, all\\ncapable of bearing arms. Of all the people that I have associated with\\nin these countries, they are the most docile and the most affectionate\\ntoward the French. Their wives and daughters are more reserved\\nthan those of other nations. They have a species of civility among\\nthem, and make it apparent to strangers, which is very rare among\\nour barbarians, t\\nIn 1670 the Pottawatomies had collected at the islands at the\\nmouth of Green Bay which have taken their name from this tribe.\\nFather Claude Dablon, in a letter concerning the mission of St.\\nFrancis Xavier, which was located on Green Bay, in speaking of\\nthis tribe, remarks that the Pouteouatami, the Ousaki, and those\\nof the Forks, also dwell here, but as strangers, the fear of the Iro-\\nquois having driven them from their lands, which are between the\\nLake of the Hurons and that of the. Illinois. J\\nIn 1721, says Charlevoix, the Poutewatamies possessed only\\none of the small islands at the mouth of Green Bay, but had two\\nother villages, one on the St. Joseph and the other at the Nar-\\nrows.\\nDriven out of the peninsula between lakes Huron and Michigan,\\nthe Pottawatomies took up their abode on the Bay de Noquet, and\\nother islands near the entrance of Green Bay. From these islands\\nthey advanced southward along the west shore of Lake Michigan.\\nExtracts taken from Hennepin s Narrative of La Salle s Voyage\\nmention the fact that the year previous to La Salle s coming west-\\nward (1678), he had sent out a party of traders in advance, who had\\nbartered successfully with the Pottawatomies upon the islands\\nnamed, and who were anxiously waiting for La Salle at the time of\\nhis arrival in the Griffin. Hennepin further states that La Salle s\\nparty bartered with the Pottawatomies at the villages they passed\\non the voyage southward.\\nFrom this time forward the Pottawatomies steadily moved south-\\nward. When La Salle readied the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan\\nthere were no Pottawatomies in that vicinity. Shortly after this\\ndate, however, they had a village on the south bank of this stream,\\nnear the present city of Xiles. Michigan. On the northern bank\\nwas a village of Miamis. The Mission of St. Joseph was here\\nestablished and in successful operation prior to 1711, from which\\nfact, with other incidental circumstances, it has been inferred that\\nLa Pointe. X Jesuit Relations, 1670-71.\\nt Jesuit Relations, 1666-7. Detroit.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthe Pottawatomies, as well as the mission, were on the St. Joseph as\\nearly as the year 1700.*\\nFather Charlevoix fixes the location of both the mission and the\\nmilitary post as being at the same place beyond a doubt. It was\\neight days yesterday since I arrived at this post, where we have a\\nmission, and where there is a commandant with a small garrison.\\nThe commandant s house, which is a very sorry one, is called the\\nfort, from its being surrounded by an indifferent palisado, which is\\npretty near the case in all the rest, except Forts Chambly and Cata-\\nrocony, which are real fortresses. We have here two villages of\\nIndians, one of Miamis and the other of Pottawatomies, both of\\nthem mostly Christians but as they have been for a long time with-\\nout any pastors, the missionary who has lately been sent them will\\nhave no small difficulty in bringing them back to the exercise of\\ntheir religion. f\\nThe authorities for locating the old mission and fort of St. Joseph\\nnear Niles are Charlevoix, Prof. Keating and the Rev. Isaac Mc-\\nCoy. Commenting on the remains of the old villages upon the St.\\nJoseph River at the time Long s expedition passed that way, in 1S23,\\nthe compiler states that the prairies, woodland and river were\\nrendered more picturesque by the ruins of Strawberry, Rum and\\nSt. Joseph s villages, formerly the residence of the Indians or of\\nthe first French settlers. It was curious to trace the difference in\\nthe remains of the habitations of the red and white man in the\\nmidst of this distant solitude. While the untenanted cabin of the\\nSome confusion has arisen from a confounding of the Mission of St. Joseph and\\nFort St. Joseph with the Fort Miamis. The two were distinct, some miles apart, and\\nerected at different dates. It is plain, from the accounts given by Hennepin, Membre\\nand LaHontan, that Fort Miamis was located on Lake Michigan, at the month of the\\nSt. Joseph. It is equally clear that the Mission of St. Joseph and Fort St. Joseph\\nwere some miles up the St. Joseph River, and a few miles below the portage of the\\nKankakee at South Bend. Father Charlevoix, in his letter of the 16th of August,\\n1721, after having in a previous letter referred to his reaching the St. Joseph and\\ngoing up it toward the fort, says: We afterward sailed up twenty leagues before\\nwe reached the fort. Vol. 2, p. 94. Again, in a subsequent letter (p. 184): I de-\\nparted yesterday from the Fort of the River St. Joseph and sailed up that river about\\nsix leagues. I went ashore on the right and walked a league and a quarter, first along\\nthe water side and afterward across a field in an immense meadow, entirely covered\\nwith copses of wood. And in the next paragraph, on the same page, follows his\\ndescription of the sources of the Kankakee, quoted in this work on page 77. Here,\\nthen, we have the position of Fort St. Joseph and the mission of that name and the\\ntwo villages of the Pottawatomies and the Miamis, on the St. Joseph River, six leagues\\nbelow South Bend. In Dr. Shea s Catholic Missions, page 423, it is stated that La Salle,\\non his way to the Mississippi, had built a temporary fort on the St. Joseph, not far\\nfrom the portage leading to the The-a-ki-ke and Mr. Charles R. Brown, in his\\nMissions, Forts and Trading Posts of the Northwest, p. 14, says that Fort Miamis,\\nbuilt at the mouth of the St. Joseph s River by La Salle, was afterward called St.\\nJoseph, to distinguish it from (Fort) Miamis, on the Maumee. In this instance\\nneither of these writers follow the text of established authorities,\\nt Charlevoix Narrative Journal, pp. 93, 94.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "ST. JOSEPH. 141\\nIndian presented in its neighborhood but the remains of an old\\ncornfield overgrown with weeds, the rude hut of the Frenchman was\\nsurrounded with vinos, and with the remains of his former garden-\\ning exertions. The asparagus, the pea vine and the woodbine still\\ngrow about it, as though in defiance of the revolutions which have\\ndispersed those who planted them here. The very names of the\\nvillages mark the difference between their former tenants. Those\\nof the Indians were designated by the name of the fruit which grew\\nabundantly on the spot or of the object which they coveted most,\\nwhile the French missionary has placed his village under the patron-\\nage of the tutelar saint in whom he reposed his utmost confidence.\\nThe asparagus, the pea-vine and the woodbine preserved the\\nidentity of the spot against the encroachments of the returning for-\\nests until 1822, when Isaac McCoy established among the Pottawat-\\nomies the Baptist mission called Carey, out of respect for the Rev.\\nMr. Carey, a missionary of the same church in Hindostan. It is\\nsaid that the Pottawatoinies themselves selected this spot for Carey s\\nmission, it being the site of their old village. This must have been\\nvery populous, as the remains of corn-hills are very visible at this\\ntime, and are said to extend over a thousand acres. The village\\nwas finally abandoned about fifty years ago (1773), but there are a\\nfew of the oldest of the nation who still recollect the sites of their\\nrespective huts. They are said to frequently visit the establishment\\nand to trace with deep feeling a spot which is endeared to them. 1 f\\nOn a cold winter night in 1833 a traveler was ferried over the\\nSt. Joseph at the then straggling village of Niles. Ascending the\\nbank, a beautiful plain with a clump of trees here and there upon its\\nsurface opened to his view. The establishment of Carey s mission,\\na long, low, white building, could be distinguished afar off faintly\\nin the moonlight, while several winter lodges of the Pottawatoinies\\nwere plainly visible over the plain/ 1\\nConcerning the Pottawatomie village near Detroit, and also some\\nof the customs peculiar to the tribe, we have the following account.\\nIt was written in 1718\\nThe fort of Detroit is south of the river. The village of the\\nPottawatoinies adjoins the fort; they lodge partly under Apaquois,|i\\nLong s Second Expedition, vol. 1, pp. 147, 148.\\nt Long s Second Expedition, vol. 1, p. 153, McCoy s History of Baptist Indian Mis-\\nsions.\\nX Hoffman s Winter in the West, vol. 1, p. 225.\\nMemoir on the Indians between Lake Erie and the Mississippi. Pans Documents,\\nvol. 9, p. 887.\\nApaquois, matting made of flags or rushes; from apee, a leaf, and wigquouim, a\\nhut. They cover their huts with mats made of rushes platted. Carver s Travels.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "142 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwhich are made of mat-grass. The women do all the work. The\\nmen belonging to that nation are well clothed, like our domiciliated\\nIndians at Montreal. Their entire occupation is hunting and dress\\nthev make use of a great deal of vermilion, and in winter wear\\nbuffalo robes richly painted, and in summer either blue or red cloth.\\nThey play a good deal at La Crosse in summer, twenty or more on\\neach side. Their bat is a sort of a little racket, and the ball with\\nwhich they play is made of very heavy wood, somewhat larger than\\nthe balls used at tennis. When playing they are entirely naked,\\nexcept a breech cloth and moccasins on their feet. Their body is\\ncompletely painted with all sorts of colors. Some, with white clay,\\ntrace white lace on their bodies, as if on all the seams of a coat, and\\nat a distance it would be apt to be taken for silver lace. They play\\nvery deep and often. The bets sometimes amount to more than\\neight hundred livres. They set up two poles, and commence the\\ngame from the center one party propels the ball from one side and\\nthe others from the opposite, and whichever reaches the goal wins.\\nThis is fine recreation and worth seeing. They often play village\\nagainst village, the Poux* against the Ottawas or Hurons, and\\nlay heavy stakes. Sometimes Frenchmen join in the game with\\nthem. The women cultivate Indian corn, beans, peas, squashes and\\nmelons, which come up very fine. The women and girls dance at\\nnight adorn themselves considerably, grease their hair, put on a\\nwhite shift, paint their cheeks with vermilion, and wear whatever\\nwampum they possess, and are very tidy in their way. They dance\\nto the sound of the drum and sisiquoi, which is a sort of gourd con-\\ntaining some grains of shot. Four or five young men sing and beat\\ntime with the drum and sisiquoi, and the women keep time and do\\nnot lose a step. It is very entertaining, and lasts almost the entire\\nnight. The old men often dance the Medicine. f They resemble a\\nset of demons and all this takes place during the night. The\\nyoung men often dance in a circle and strike posts. It is then they\\nrecount their achievements and dance, at the same time, the war\\ndance and whenever they act thus they are highly ornamented. It\\nis altogether very curious. They often perform these things for\\ntobacco. When they go hunting, which is every fall, they carry\\ntheir apaquois with them, to hut under at night. Everybody follows,\\nThe Pottawatomies were sometimes known by the contraction Poux. La Hontan\\nuses this name, and erroneously confounds them with the Puans or Winnebagoes. In\\ngiving the coat-of-arms of the Pottawatomies, representing a dog crouched in the\\ngrass, he says: They were called Puants. Vol. 2, p. 84.\\nt Medicine dance.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "ORIGIN OF POTTAWATOMIE. 143\\nmen, women and children. They winter in the forest and return in\\nthe spring.\\nThe Pottawatomies swarmed from their prolific hives about the\\nislands of Mackinaw, and spread themselves over portions of Wis-\\nconsin, and eastward to their ancient homes in Michigan. At a\\nlater day they extended themselves upon the territory of the ancient\\nIllinois, covering a large portion of the state. From the St. Joseph\\nRiver and Detroit their bands moved southward over that part of\\nIndiana north and west of the Wabash, and thence down that\\nstream. They were a populous horde of hardy children of the\\nforests, of great stamina, and their constitutions were hardened by\\nthe rigorous climate of the northern lakes.\\nAmong the old French writers the orthography of the word\\nPottawatomies varied to suit the taste of the writer. We give some\\nof the forms: Poutouatimi,* Pouteotatamis,t Poutouatamies,^; Pou-\\ntewatamis, J Pautawattamies, Puttewatamies, Pottowottamies and\\nPottawattamies. The tribe was divided into four clans, the Golden\\nCarp, the Frog, the Crab, and the Tortoise. 1 The nation was not\\nlike the Illinois and Miamis, divided into separate tribes, but the\\ndifferent bands would separate or unite according to the scarcity or\\nabundance of game.\\nThe word Pottawatomie signifies, in their own language, we are\\nmailing a fire, for the origin of which they have the following tradi-\\ntion It is said that a Miami, having wandered out from his cabin,\\nmet three Indians whose language was unintelligible to him; by signs\\nand motions he invited them to follow him to his cabin, where they\\nwere hospitably entertained, and where they remained until after\\ndark. During the night two of the strange Indians stole from the\\nhut, while their comrade and host were asleep they took a few\\nembers from the cabin, and, placing these near the door of the hut,\\nthey made a fire, which, being afterward seen by the Miami and\\nremaining guest, was understood to imply a council fire in token of\\npeace between the two nations. From this circumstance the Miami\\ncalled them in his language Wa-Jto-na-ha, or the fire-makers, which,\\nbeing translated into the language of the three guests, produced the\\nterm by which their nation has ever since been distinguished.\\nAfter this the Miamis termed the Pottawatomies their younger\\nbrothers but afterward, in a council, this was changed, from the\\nJesuit Relations. Charlevoix,\\nt Father Membre. Paris Documents.\\niJoutel s Journal.\\nII Enumeration of the Indian tribes, the Warriors and Armorial Bearings of each\\nNation, made in 1736. Published in Documentary History of New York.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ncircumstance that they resided farther to the west; as those nations\\nwhich reside to the west o,f others are deemed more ancient.\\nThe Pottawatomies were unswerving in their adherence to the\\nFrench, when the latter had possession of the boundless Northwest.\\nIn 1712, when a large force of Mascoutins and Foxes besieged De-\\ntroit, they were conspicuous for their fidelity. They rallied the\\nother tribes to the assistance of the French, and notified the besieged\\ngarrison to hold out against their enemies until their arrival. Mak-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0is-abie, the war chief of the Pottawatomies, sent word through Mr.\\nde Vincennes, just arrived from the Miami country, that he would\\nsoon be at Detroit with six hundred of his warriors to aid the French\\nand eat those miserable nations who had troubled all the country.\\nThe commandant, M. du Buisson, was gratified when he ascended\\na bastion, and looking toward the forest saw the army of the nations\\nissuing from it the Pottawatomies, the Illinois, the Missouris, the\\nOttawas, the Sacs and the Menominees were there, armed and painted\\nin all the glory of war. Detroit never saw such a collection. My\\nFather, says the chief to the commandant, I speak to you on\\nthe part of all the nations, your children who are before you. What\\nyou did last year in drawing their flesh from the fire, which the Ou-\\ntagamies (Foxes) were about to roast and eat, demands we should\\nbring you our bodies to make you the master of them. We do not\\nfear death, whenever it is necessary to die for you. We have only\\nto request that you pray the father of all nations to have pity on our\\nwomen and our children, in case we lose our lives for you. We beg\\nyou throw a blade of grass upon our bones to protect them from the\\nflies. You see, my father, that we have left our villages, our women\\nand children to hasten to join you. Have pity on us give us some-\\nthing to eat and a little tobacco to smoke. We have come a long\\nways and are destitute of everything. Give us powder and balls to\\nfight with you.\\nMakisabie, the Pottawatomie, said to the Foxes and Mascoutines:\\nWicked nations that you are, you hope to frighten us by all the\\nred color which you exhibit in your village. Learn that if the earth\\nis covered with blood, it will be with yours. You talk to us of the\\nEnglish, they are the cause of your destruction, because you have\\nlistened to their bad council. The English, who are cowards,\\nonly defend themselves by killing men by that wicked strong drink,\\nwhich has caused so many men to die after drinking it. Thus we\\nshall see what will happen to you for listening to them. f\\nLong s Expedition to the Sources of the St. Peter s River, vol. 1, pp. 91, 92, 93.\\nfThe extracts we have quoted are taken from the official report of Du Buisson.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "WARS AGAINST THE WHITES. 145\\nThe Pottawatomies sustained their alliance with the French con-\\ntinuously to the time of the overthrow of their power in the north-\\nwest. They then aided their kinsman, Pontiac, in his attempt to\\nrecover the same territory from the British. They fought on the\\nside of the British against the Americans throughout the war of the\\nrevolution, and their war parties made destructive and frequent raids\\nupon the line of pioneer settlements in Pennsylvania, Kentucky,\\n)hio and Indiana. In the war of 1812 they were again ranged on\\nthe side of the British, with their bloody hands lifted alike against\\nthe men, women and children of the States.\\nIn the programme of Pontiac s war the capture of Post St.\\nJoseph, on the St. Joseph s river of Lake Michigan, was assigned to\\nthe Pottawatomies, which was effected as will be hereafter narrated.\\nIt was also the Pottawatomies who perpetrated the massacre at\\nChicago on the 15th day of August, 1812. Bands of this tribe, from\\ntheir villages on the St. Joseph, the Kankakee and the Illinois rivers,\\nwhose numbers were augmented by the appearance of Metea with\\nhis warriors, from their village westward of Fort Wayne, fell upon\\nthe forces of Captain Ileald, and the defenseless women and chil-\\ndren retreating with him after the surrender of Fort Dearborn, and\\nmurdered or made prisoners of them all. Metea was a conspicuous\\nleader in this horrible affair.*\\nRobert Dixon, the British trader sent out among the Indians\\nduring the war of 1S12 to raise recruits for Proctor and Tecumseh,\\ngathered in the neighborhood of Chicago, which after the massacre\\nwas his place of general rendezvous, nearly one thousand warriors\\nof as wild and cruel savages as ever disgraced the human race. They\\nwere the most worthless and abandoned desperadoes whom Dixon\\nhad been enabled to collect from among all the tribes he had visited.\\nThese accomplices of the British were to be let loose upon the re-\\nmote settlements under the leadership of the Pottawatomie chief,\\nMai-pock, or Mai-po, a monster in human form, who distinguished\\nhimself with a girdle sewed full of human scalps, which he wore\\naround his waist, and strings of bear s claws and bills of owls and\\nhawks around his ankles, worn as trophies of his power in arms and\\nas a terror to his enemies, t\\nrelating to the siege of Detroit. The manuscript copy of it was obtained from the\\narchives at Paris, by Gen. Cass, when minister to France, and is published at length\\nin volume III of the History of Wisconsin, compiled by the direction of the legislature\\nof that state by William R. Smith, President of the State Historical Society a work\\nof very great value, not only to the State of Wisconsin but to the entire Northwest, for\\nthe amount of reliable historical information it contains.\\nHall and McKenney s History of the Indian Tribes of North America, vol. 2,\\npp. 59, 60.\\nt McAfee s History of the Late War, pp. 297, 298.\\n10", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "146 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nTheir manners, like their dialect, were rough and barbarous as\\ncompared with other Algonquin tribes. They were not the civil,\\nmodest people, an exceptional and christianized band of whom the\\nJesuits before quoted drew a nattering description.\\nIt is a fact that for many years the current of emigration as to\\nthe tribes east of the Mississippi has been from the north to the south.\\nThis was owing to two causes the diminution of those animals from\\nwhich the Indians derive their support, and the pressure of the two\\ngreat tribes, the Ojibbeways and the Sioux, to the north and\\nwest. So long ago as 1795, at the treaty of Greenville, the Potta-\\nwatomies notified the Miamis that they intended to settle upon the\\nWabash. They made no pretensions to the country, and the only\\nexcuse for the intended aggression was that they were tired of eating\\nfish and wanted meat. And come they did. They bore down\\nupon their less populous neighbors, the Miamis, and occupied a large\\nportion of their territory, impudently and by sheer force of numbers,\\nrather than by force of arms. They established numerous villages\\nupon the north and west bank of the Wabash and its tributaries\\nflowing in from that side of the stream above the Vermilion. They,\\nwith the Sacs, Foxes and Kickapoos, drove the Illinois into the vil-\\nlages about Ivaskaskia, and portioned the conquested territory among\\nthemselves. By other tribes they were called squatters, who justly\\nclaimed that the Pottawatomies never had any land of their own,\\nand were mere intruders upon the prior rights of others. They were\\nforemost at all treaties where lands were to be ceded, and were clam-\\norous for a lion s share of presents and annuities, particularly where\\nthese last were the price given for the sale of others lands rather\\nthan their own.f Between the years 1789 and 1837 the Pottawato-\\nmies, by themselves, or in connection with other tribes, made no\\nless than thirty-eight treaties with the United States, all of which,\\nexcepting two or three which were treaties of peace only, were for\\ncessions of lands claimed wholly by the Pottawatomies, or in com-\\nmon with other tribes. These cessions embraced territory extending\\nfrom the Mississippi eastward to Cleveland, Ohio, and reaching over\\nthe entire valleys of the Illinois, the Wabash, the Maumee and their\\ntributaries.^:\\nThey also had villages upon the Kankakee and Illinois rivers.\\nAmong them we name 3\u00c2\u00a3ine?naung, or Yellow Head, situated a\\nOfficial letter to the Secretary of War, dated March 22, 1814.\\nt Schoolcraft s Central Mississippi Valley, p. 358.\\nX Treaties between the United States and the several Indian tribes, from 1778 to\\n1837: Washington, D.C., 1837.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THEIR VILLAGES. 147\\nfew miles north of Momence, at a point of timber still known as\\nYellow Head Point; She-mar-gar, or the Soldier s Village, at the\\nmouth of Soldier Creek, that runs through Kankakee City, and the\\nvillage of Little Rock or Shaw-waw-nas-see, at the mouth of Rock\\nCreek, a few miles below Kankakee City.* Besides these, the Pot-\\ntawatomies had villages farther down the Illinois, particularly the\\ngreat town of Co?no, Gumo, or Gumbo as the pioneers called it, at the\\nupper end of Peoria Lake. They had other towns on the Milwaukee\\nRiver, Wisconsin. On the St. Joseph, near Niles, was the village of\\nTo-pe?i-?ie-bee, the great hereditary chief of the Pottawatomie nation\\nhigher up, near the present village of White Pigeon, was situated\\nAYap-pe-me-me s, or White Pigeon s town. Westward of Fort Wayne,\\nIndiana, nine miles, was Mus-fowa-wa-sepe-otan, the town of old\\nRed Wood creek, where resided the band of the distinguished war-\\nrior and orator of the Pottawatomies, Metea, whose name in their\\nlanguage signifies kiss me.\\nFinally, the renowned Kesis, or the sun, the old friend of Gen-\\neral Hamtrauck and the Americans, in a speech to General Wayne\\nat the treaty of Greenville in 1795, said that his village was a day s\\nwalk below the Wea towns on the Wabash, referring, doubtless, to\\nthe mixed Pottawatomie and Kickapoo town which stood on the site\\nof the old Shelby farm, on the north bank of the Vermilion, a short\\ndistance above its mouth. f\\nThe positions of several of the principal Pottawatomie villages\\nhave been given for the purpose of showing the area of country\\nover which this people extended themselves. As late as 1823 their\\nhunting grounds appeared to have been bounded on the north by\\nthe St. Joseph (which on the east side of Lake Michigan separated\\nthem from the Ottawas) and the Milwacke,^: which, on the west side\\nof the lake, divided them from the Menomonees. They spread to the\\nsouth along the Illinois River about two hundred miles to the west\\nThe location of these three villages of Pottawatomies is fixed by the surveys of\\nreservations to Mine-maung, Shernargar and Shaw-waw-nas-see respectively, secured\\nto them by the second article of a treaty concluded at Camp Tippecanoe, near Logans-\\nport, Indiana, on the 20th of October. 1832, between the United States and the chiefs\\nand head men of the Pottawatomie tribe of Indians of the prairie and of the Kanka-\\nkee. The reservations were surveyed in the presence of the Indians concerned and\\nGeneral Tipton, agent on the part of the United States, in the month of May, 1834,\\nby Major Dan W. Beckwith, surveyor. The reservations were so surveyed as to include\\nthe several villages we have named, as appears from the manuscript volumes of the\\nsurveys in possession of the author.\\nt Journal of the Proceedings at the Treaty of Greenville: American State Papers\\non Indian Affairs, vol. 1, p. 580. The author has authorities and manuscripts from\\nwhich the location of Kesis band at the mouth of the Vermilion may be quite confi-\\ndently affirmed.\\nMilwaukee.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntheir grounds extended as far as Rock River, and the Mequin or\\nSpoon River of the Illinois to the east they probably seldom passed\\nbeyond the Wabash. After the Kickapoos and Pottawatomies\\nhad established themselves in the valley, of the Wabash, it was\\nmutually agreed between them and the Miamis that the river should\\nbe the dividing line, the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos to occupy\\nthe west, and the Miamis to remain undisturbed on the east or south\\nside of the stream. It was a hard bargain for the Miamis, who were\\nunable to maintain their rights, f\\nThe Pottawatomies were among the last to leave their possessions\\nin Illinois and Indiana, and it was the people of this tribe with\\nwhom the first settlers came principally in contact. Their hostility\\nceased at the close of the war of 1812. After this their intercourse\\nwith the whites was uniformly friendly, and they bore the many im-\\npositions and petty grievances which were put upon them by not a\\nfew of their unprincipled and unfeeling white neighbors with a for-\\nbearance that should have excited public sympathy.\\nThe Pottawatomies owned extensive tracts of land on the Wabash,\\nbetween the mouth of Pine Creek, in Warren county, and the Fort\\nWayne portage, which had been reserved to them by the terms of\\ntheir several treaties with the United States. They held like claims\\nupon the Tippecanoe and other westward tributaries of the Wabash,\\nand elsewhere in northwestern Indiana, eastern Illinois and southern\\nMichigan. These reservations are now covered by some of the\\nfinest farms in the states named. The treaties by which such reser-\\nvations were granted generally contained a clause that debarred the\\nowner from alienating them without having first secured the sanction\\nof the President of the United States. This restriction was de-\\nsigned to prevent unprincipled persons from overreaching the Indian,\\nwho, at best, had only a vague idea of the fee simple title to, and\\nvalue of, real estate. It afforded little security, however, against the\\nwiles of the unscrupulous, and whenever the Indian could be in-\\nduced by the arts of his -White Brother to put his name to an\\ninstrument, the purport of which, in many instances, he did not at\\nall understand as forever conveying away his possessions, the ratify-\\ning signature of the President followed as a matter of department\\nroutine. The greater part of the Pottawatomie reservations was\\nretroceded to the United States in exchange either for annuities or\\nfor lands west of the Mississippi, and the title disposed of in this\\nway.\\nLong s Second Expedition, vol. 1, p. 171.\\nf The writer was informed of this agreement by Mary Baptiste.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE EXODUS. 149\\nThe final emigration of the Pottawatomies from the Wabash,\\nunder charge of Col. Pepper and Gen. Tipton, of Indiana, took place\\nin the summer of 1838. Many are yet living who witnessed the\\nsad exodus. The late Sanford Cox has recorded his impressions of\\nthis event in the valuable little book which he published.* Hearing\\nthat this large emigration, numbering nearly a thousand of all ages\\nand sexes, would pass within eight or nine miles west of La Fayette,\\na few of us procured horses and rode over to see the retiring band,\\nas they reluctantly wended their way toward the setting sun. It\\nwas, indeed, a mournful spectacle to see these children of the forest\\nslowly retiring from the homes of their childhood, where were not\\nonly the graves of their loved ancestors but many endearing scenes\\nto which their memories would ever recur as sunny spots along their\\npathway through the wilderness. They felt that they were bidding\\na last farewell to the hills, the valleys and the streams of their\\ninfancy the more exciting hunting grounds of their advanced\\nyouth the stern and bloody battle-fields on which, in riper man-\\nhood, they had received wounds, and where many of their friends\\nand loved relatives had fallen, covered with gore and with glory. All\\nthese they were leaving behind, to be desecrated by the plowshare\\nof the white man. As they cast mournful glances back toward these\\nloving scenes that were rapidly fading in the distance, tears fell from\\nthe cheek of the downcast warrior, old men trembled, matrons wept,\\nthe swarthy maiden s cheek turned pale, and sighs and half-suppressed\\nsobs escaped from the motley groups, as they passed along, some on\\nfoot, some on horseback, and others in wagons, sad as a funeral pro-\\ncession. I saw several of the aged warriors glancing upward to the sky\\nas if invoking aid from the spirits of their departed sires, who were\\nlooking down upon them with pity from the clouds, or as if they were\\ncalling upon the great spirit to redress the wrongs of the red man,\\nwhose broken bow had fallen from his hand. Ever and anon one\\nof the throng would strike off from the procession into the woods\\nand retrace his steps back to the old encampments on the Wabash,\\nEll River, or the Tippecanoe, declaring that he would die there\\nrather than be banished from his country. Thus would scores leave\\nthe main party at different points on the journey and return to their\\nformer homes and it was several years before they could be induced\\nto join their countrymen west of the Mississippi.\\nThis body, on their westward journey, passed through Danville,\\nIllinois, where they halted several days, being in want of food. The\\nRecollections of the Early Settlement of the Wabash Valley, La Fayette, Ind.,\\n1860, pp. 154, 155.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "150 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ncommissary department was wretchedly supplied. The Indians\\nbegged for food at the houses of the citizens. Others, in their\\nextremity, killed rats at the old mill on the North Fork and ate\\nthem to appease their hunger. Without tents or other shelter,\\nmany of them, with young babes in their arms, walked on foot, as\\nthere was no adequate means of conveyance for the weak, the aged\\nor infirm. Thus the mournful procession passed across the state of\\nIllinois.\\nThe St. Joseph band were removed westward the same year. So\\nstrong was their attachment to southern Michigan and northern\\nIndiana, that the Federal government invoked the aid of troops to\\ncoerce their removal. The soldiers surrounded them, and, as prison-\\ners of war, compelled them to leave. At South Bend, Indiana, was\\nthe village of Chichipe Outipe. The town was on a rising ground\\nnear four small lakes, and contained ten or twelve hundred christian-\\nized Pottawatomies. Benjamin M. Petit, the Catholic missionary in\\ncharge at Po-ke-ganns village on the St. Joseph, asked Bishop Brute\\nfor leave to accompany the Indians, but the prelate withheld his\\nconsent, not deeming it proper to give even an implied indorsement\\nof the cruel act of the government. But being himself on their\\nroute, he afterward consented. The power of religion then appeared.\\nAmid their sad march he confirmed several, while hymns and prayers,\\nchanted in Ottawa, echoed for the last time around their lakes. Sick\\nand well were carried off alike. After giving all his Episcopal bless-\\ning, Bishop Brute proceeded with Petit to the tents of the sick,\\nwhere they baptized one and confirmed another, both of whom ex-\\npired soon after. The march was resumed. The men, women and\\nelder children, urged on by the soldiers in their rear, were followed\\nwith the wagons bearing the sick and dying, the mothers, little chil-\\ndren and property. Thus they proceeded through the country, tur-\\nbulent at that time on account of the Mormon war, to the Osage\\nRiver, Missouri, where Mr. Petit confided the wretched exiles to the\\ncare of the Jesuit Father J. Hoecken.*\\nIn the year 1846 the different bands of Pottawatomies united on\\nthe west side of the Mississippi. A general treaty was made, in\\nwhich the following clause occurs: Whereas, the various bands of\\nthe Pottawatomie Indians, known as the Chippeways, Ottawas and\\nPottawatomies, the Pottawatomies of the Prairie, the Pottawatomies\\nof the Wabash, and the Pottawatomies of Indiana, have, subsequent\\nto the year 1820, entered into separate and distinct treaties with the\\nExtract from Shea s Catholic Missions, p. 397.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE POTTAWATOMIE NATION. 151\\nUnited States, by which they have been separated and located\\nin different countries, and difficulties have arisen as to the proper\\ndistributions of the stipulations under various treaties, and being\\nthe same people by kindred, by feeling and by language, and\\nhaving in former periods lived on and owned their lands in com-\\nmon, and being desirous to unite in one common country and\\nagain become one people and receive their annuities and other\\nbenefits in common, and to abolish all minor distinctions of bands\\nby which they have heretofore been divided, and are anxious to\\nbe known as the Pottawatomie Nation, thereby reinstating the\\nnational character and whereas, the United States are also anxious\\nto restore and concentrate said tribes to a state so desirable and\\nnecessary for the happiness of their people, as well as to enable\\nthe government to arrange and manage its intercourse with them\\nnow, therefore, the United States and said Indians do hereby agree\\nthat said people shall hereafter be known as a nation, to be called\\nthe Pottawatomie Nation.\\nPursuant to the terms of this treaty, the Pottawatomies received\\n$850,000, in consideration of which they released all lands owned\\nby them within the limits of the territory of Iow T a and on the Osage\\nPaver in Missouri, or in any state or place whatsoever. Eighty-\\nseven thousand dollars of the purchase money coining to them was\\npaid, by cession from the United States, of 576,000 acres of land\\nlying on both sides of the Kansas River. The tract embraces the\\nfinest body of land within the present state of Kansas, and Topeka,\\nthe state capital, has since been located nearly in the center of the\\nreservation. AYhile the territory was going through the process of\\norganization, adventurers trespassed upon the lands of the Potta-\\nwatomies, sold them whisky, and spread demoralization among\\nthem. The squatters who intruded upon the farmer-Indians killed\\ntheir stock and burned some of their habitations, all of which was\\nborne without retaliation. Notwithstanding the old habendum, clause\\ninserted in Indian treaties (as a mere matter of form, as may be in-\\nferred from the little regard paid to it) that these lands should inure\\nto Pottawatomies, their heirs and assigns forever, the squatter\\nsovereigns wanted them, and resorted to all the well-known methods\\nin vogue on the border to make it unpleasant for the Indians, who\\nwere progressing with assured success from barbarism to the ways\\nof civilized society. The usual result of dismemberment of the re-\\nserve followed. The farmer-Indians, who so desired, had their por-\\ntions of the reserve set off in severalty, the uncivilized members of\\nthe tribe had their proportion set off in common. These last, which", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "152 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwere exchanged for money, or lands farther southward, fell into the\\npossession of a needy railroad corporation.\\nWe gather from the several reports of the commissioners on In-\\ndian affairs that, in 1863, the tribe numbered 2,274, inclusive of men,\\nwomen and children, which was an alarming decrease since the cen-\\nsus of 1854. The diminution was caused, probably, aside from the\\ncasualties of death, by some having returned to their former homes\\neast of the Missouri, while many of the young and wild men of the\\ntribe went to the buffalo grounds to enjoy the exciting and unre-\\nstrained freedom of the chase. The farmers raised 3,720 bushels of\\nwheat, 45,000 of corn, 1,200 of oats and 1,000 tons of hay, and had\\n1,200 horses, 1,000 cattle and 2,000 hogs, as appears from the offi-\\ncial report for 1863.\\nThe Catholic school at St. Mary s enumerated an average of\\nninety-five boys and seventy-five girls in 1863, and in 1866 the total\\nnumber was two hundred and forty scholars. Of his pupils the\\nsuperintendent says: They not only spell, read, write and cipher,\\nbut successfully master the various branches of geography, history,\\nbook-keeping, grammar, philosophy, logic, geometry and astronomy.\\nBesides this, they are so docile, so wulling to improve, that between\\nschool-hours they employ their time, with pleasure, in learning\\nw r hatever handiwork may be assigned to them and they particu-\\nlarly desire to become good farmers. The girls, in addition to\\ntheir studies, are trained to whatever is deemed useful to good\\nhousekeepers and accomplished mothers. 1\\nThe Pottawatomies attested their fidelity to the government by\\nthe volunteering of seventy-five of their young men in the army\\nof the Union.\\nIn 1867, out of a population of 2,400, 1,400 elected to become\\ncitizens of the United States, under an enabling act passed by con-\\ngress. Of those who became citizens, some did well, others soon\\nsquandered their lands and joined the wild band. There are still\\na few left in Michigan, while about one hundred and eighty remain\\nin Wisconsin.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI.\\nTHE KICKArOOS AND MASCOUTINS.\\nThe Kickapoos and Mascoutins, if there was more than a nominal\\ndifference between the two tribes, are here treated of together, for\\nreasons explained farther on in the chapter. The name of the Kick-\\napoos has been written by the French, Kicapoux, Kickapous,\\nKikapoux, Quickapous, Kickapoos, Kikabu. This\\ntribe has long been connected witli the northwest, and have acquired\\na notoriety for the wars in which they were engaged with other tribes,\\nas well for their persistent hostility to the white race, which con-\\ntinued uninterrupted for more than one hundred and fifty years.\\nThey were first noticed by Samuel Champlain, who, in 1612, dis-\\ncovered the Mascoutins residing near the place called Sakinam,\\nmeaning the country of the Sacs, comprising that part of the state\\nof Michigan bordering on Lake Huron, in the vicinity of Saginaw\\nBay.;\\nFather Claude Allouez visited the mixed village of Miamis, Kick-\\napoos and Mascoutins on Fox River, Wisconsin, in the winter of\\n1669-70. Leaving his canoe at the water s edge he walked a league\\nover beautiful prairies and perceived the fort. The savages, having\\ndiscovered him, raised the cry of alarm in their villages, and then\\nran out to receive the missionary with honor, and conducted him to\\nthe lodge of the chief, where they regaled him with refreshments,\\nand further honored him by greasing his feet and legs. Every one\\ntook their places, a dish was filled with powdered tobacco an old\\nman arose to his feet, and, tilling his two hands with tobacco from\\nthe dish, addressed the missionary thus\\nThis is well, Black-robe, that thou hast come to visit us; have\\npity on us. Thou art a Manitou.f We give thee wherewith to\\nMemoir of Louis XIV, and Cobert, Minister of France, on the French Limits in\\nNorth America: Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 378, and note by E. B. O Callaghan, the\\neditor, on p. 293.\\nf Manitou, with very few changes in form of spelling or manner of pronunciation,\\nis the word used almost universally by the Algonquin tribes to express a spirit or God\\nhaving control of their destinies. Their Manitous were numerous. It was also an\\nexpression sometimes applied to the white people, particularly the missionaries. At\\nfirst they regarded the Europeans as spirits, or persons possessing superior intelligence\\nto themselves.", "height": "3439", "width": "2134", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "154 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nsmoke. The Nadoiiessious and the Iroquois eat us up have pity\\non us. We often are sick, our children die, we are hungry. Listen,\\nmy Manitou, I give thee wherewith to smoke, that the earth may\\nyield us corn, that the rivers may furnish us with fish, that sickness\\nno more shall kill us, that famine no longer shall so harshly treat\\nus. At each wish, the old men who were present answered by a\\ngreat O-oh\\nThe good father was shocked at this ceremony, and replied that\\nthey should not address such requests to him. Protesting that he\\ncould afford them no relief other than offering prayers to Him who\\nwas the only and true God, of whom he was only the servant and\\nmessenger, t\\nFather Allouez says in the same letter that four leagues from this\\nvillage are the Kikdbou and Kitchigamick, who speak the same\\nlanguage with the Machkouteng/ 1\\nThe Kickapoos were not inclined to receive religious impressions\\nfrom the early missionaries. In fact, they appear to have acquired\\ntheir first notoriety in history by seizing Father Gabriel Ribourde,\\nwhom they carried away and broke his head/ 1 as Tonti quaintly\\nexpresses it in referring to this ruthless murder. Again, in 1728,\\nas Father Ignatius Guignas, compelled to abandon his mission among\\nthe Sioux, on account of the victory of the Foxes over the French,\\nwas attempting to reach the Illinois, he, too, fell into the hands of\\nthe Kickapoos and Mascoutins, and for five months was held a cap-\\ntive and constantly exposed to death. During this time he was con-\\ndemned to be burnt, and was only saved through the friendly inter-\\nvention of an old man in the tribe, who adopted him as a son.\\nWhile held a prisoner, the missionaries from the Illinois relieved\\nhis necessities by sending timely supplies, which Father Guignas\\nused to gain over the Indians. Having induced them to make\\npeace, he was taken to the Illinois missions, and suffered to remain\\nthere on parole until November, 1729, when his old captors returned\\nand took him back to their own country after which nothing\\nseems to have been known concerning the fate of this worthy mis-\\nsionary.\\nThe Kickapoos early incurred the displeasure of the French by\\n*The o-oh of the Algonquin and the yo-hah of the Iroquois (Colden s History of\\nthe Five Nations) is an expression of assent given by the hearers to the remarks of the\\nspeaker who is addressing them, and is equivalent to good or bravo! The Indians\\nindulged in this kind of encouragement to their orators with great liberality, drawing\\nout their o-ohs in unison and with a prolonged cry, especially when the speaker s\\nutterances harmonized with their own sentiments.\\nt Jesuit Relations, 1669-70.\\nt Shea s Catholic Missions, p. 379.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "MIGRATIONS OF THE KICKAPOOS. 155\\ncommitting depredations south of Detroit. A band living at the\\nmouth of the Maumee River in 1712, with thirty Mascoutins, were\\nabout to make war upon the French. They took prisoner one\\nLanglois, a messenger, on his return from the Miami country,\\nwhither he was bringing many letters from the Jesuit Fathers of the\\nIllinois villages, and also dispatches from Louisiana. The letters and\\ndispatches were destroyed, which gave much uneasiness to M. Du\\nBoisson, the commandant at Detroit. A canoe laden with Kicka-\\npoos, on their way to the villages near Detroit, was captured by the\\nHurons and Ottawas residing at these villages, and who were the\\nallies of the French. Among the slain was the principal Kickapoo\\nchief, whose head, with those of three others of the same tribe,\\nwere brought to De Boisson, who alleges that the Hurons and\\nOttawas committed this act out of resentment, because the previous\\nwinter the Kickapoos had taken some of the Hurons and Iroquois\\nprisoners, and also because they considered the Kickapoo chief to\\nbe a true Outtagamie that is, they regarded him as one of the\\nFox nation.*\\nFrom the village of Machkoutench, where first Father Claude\\nAllouez, and afterward Father Marquette, found the Kickapoos inhab-\\niting the same village with the Muscotins and Miamis, the Kickapoos\\nand the Muscotins appear to have passed to the south, extending\\ntheir flanks to the right in the direction of Rockf- River, and their\\nleft to the southern trend of Lake Michigan. Referring to the\\ncountry on Fox River about Winnebago Lake, Father Charlevoix\\nsays::\u00c2\u00a3 All this country is extremely beautiful, and that which\\nstretches to the southward as far as the river of the Illinois is still\\nmore so. It is, however, inhabited by two small nations only, who\\nare the Kickapoos and the Mascoutins. 11 Father Charlevoix,\\nspeaking of Fox River, says: The largest of these, 11 referring to\\nthe streams that empty into the Illinois, is called Pisticoui, and\\nproceeds from the line country of the Mascoutins.\\nExtract from M. Du Boisson s official report to the Marquis De Vaudreuil, gov-\\nernor- g-en era! of New France, of the siege of Detroit, dated June 15, 1712. This val-\\nuable paper is published entire in vol. 3 of Wm. R. Smith s History of Wisconsin,\\na work that contains many important documents not otherwise accessible to the gen-\\neral public. Indeed, the publications of the Historical Society of Wisconsin, of which\\nJudge Smith s two volumes are the beginning, are the repository of a fund of infor-\\nmation of great utility, not only to the people of that state, but to the entire North-\\nwest.\\ntRock River Assin-Sepe was also called Kickapoo River, and so laid down on a\\nmap of La Salle s discoveries.\\nX Narrative Journal, vol. 1, p. 287.\\nVol. 2, p. 199.\\nThe Fox River of the Illinois is called by the Indians Pish-ta-ko. It is the\\nsame mentioned by Charlevoix under the name of Pisticoui, and which flows as he,", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nPrior to 1718 the Mascoutins and Kickapoos had villages upon\\nthe banks of Rock River, Illinois. Both these tribes together do\\nnot amount to two hundred men. They are a clever people and\\nbrave warriors. Their language and manners strongly resemble\\nthose of the Foxes. They are the same stock. They catch deer by\\nchasing them, and even at this day make considerable use of bows\\nand arrows. On a French map, issued in 1712, a village of Mas-\\ncoutins is located near the forks of the north and south branches of\\nChicago River.\\nFrom references given, it is apparent that this people, like the\\nMiamis and Pottawatomies, were progressing south and eastward.\\nThis movement was probably on account of the fierce Sioux, whose\\nencroaching wars from the northwest were pressing them in this\\ndirection. Even before this date the Foxes, with Mascoutins and\\nKickapoos, were meditating a migration to the Wabash as a place of\\nsecurity from the Sioux. This threatened exodus alarmed the French,\\nwho feared that the migrating tribes would be in a position on the\\nWabash to effect a junction with the Iroquois and English, which\\nwould be exceedingly detrimental to the French interests in the\\nnorthwest. From an official document relative to the occurrences\\nin Canada, sent from Quebec to France in 1695, the Department at\\nParis is informed that the Sioux, who have mustered some two or\\nthree thousand warriors for the purpose, would come in large num-\\nbers to seize their village. This has caused the outagamies to quit\\ntheir country and disperse themselves for a season, and afterward\\nreturn and save their harvest. They are then to retire toward the\\nriver Wabash to form a settlement, so much the more permanent, as\\nthey will be removed from the incursions of the Sioux, and in a\\nposition to effect a junction easily with the Iroquois and the English\\nwithout the French being able to prevent it. Should this project be\\nrealized, it is very apparent that the Mascoutins and Kickapoos will\\nbe of the party, and that the three tribes, forming a new village of\\nfourteen or fifteen hundred men, would experience no difficulty in\\nconsiderably increasing it by attracting other nations thither, which\\nwould be of most pernicious consequence, f That the Mascoutins,\\nat least, did go soon after this date toward the lower Wabash is con-\\nsays, through the country of the Mascoutins. Long s Second Expedition, vol. 1, p.\\n176. The Algonquin word Pish-tah-te-koosh, according to Edwin James vocabulary,\\nmeans an antelope. The Pottawatomies, from whom Major Long s party obtained the\\nword Pish-ta-ko, may have used it to designate the same animal, judging from the\\nsimilarity of the two words.\\nMemoir prepared in 1718 on the Indians between Lake Erie and the Missis-\\nsippi: Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 889.\\nf Paris Documents, vol. 9, p. 619.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "OF THE NAME MASCOUTINS. 157\\nelusively shown by the fact of their presence about Juchereau s\\ntrading post, which was erected near the mouth of the Ohio in the\\nyear 1700.\\nIt is doubtful if either the Foxes or the Kickapoos followed the\\nMascoutins to the Wabash country, and it is evident that the Mas-\\ncoutins who survived the epidemic that broke out among them at\\nJuchereau s post on the Ohio soon returned to the north. The\\nFrench effected a conciliation with the Sioux, and for a number of\\nyears subsequent to 1705 we find the Mascoutins back again among\\nthe Foxes and Kickapoos upon their old hunting grounds in northern\\nIllinois and southern Wisconsin.\\nThe Kickapoos entered the plot of the Mascoutins to capture the\\npost of Detroit in 1712, and the latter had repaired to the neighbor-\\nhood of Detroit, and were awaiting the arrival of the Kickapoos to\\nexecute their purposes, when they were attacked by the confedera-\\ntion of Indians who were friendly toward the French and had hast-\\nened to the relief of the garrison.\\nThe Mascoutins were called Machkoutench, t Machkouteng,\\nMaskouteins and Masquitens, by French writers. The Eng-\\nlish called them Masquattimes, Musquitons, Mascou-\\ntins, and Musquitos, a corruption used by the American colo-\\nnial traders, and Meadows, 1 the English synonym for the French\\nword prairie. T\\nThe derivation of the name has been a subject of discussion.\\nFather Marquette, with some others, following the example of the\\nHurons, rendered it fire-nation while Fathers Allouez and Char-\\nlevoix, with recent American authors, claim that the word signifies\\na prairie, or a land bare of trees, 1 such as that which this people\\ninhabit.** The name is doubtless derived from mus-kor-tence,j f or\\nmus-ko-tia, a prairie, a derivative from shoutay or scote, the word for\\nfire.^ The Mascos or Mascoutins were, by the French traders of a\\nmore recent day, called gens des prairies, and lived and hunted on\\nthe great prairies between the Wabash and Illinois Iiivers. 1 That\\nHistory of New France, vol. 5, p. 257.\\nt Fathers Claude Allouez and Marquette.\\nX George Croghan s Narrative Journal.\\nMinutes of the treaty at Greenville in 1795.\\nSamuel R. Brown s Western Gazetteer.\\nIt was some years after the conquest of the northwest from the French before\\nthe name prairie became naturalized, as it were, into the English language.\\nCharlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 1, p. 287. Father Allouez, in the Jesuit Re-\\nlations between the years 1670 and 1671.\\nft Note of Callaghan: Paris Documents, vol. 10.\\nXX Tanner, Gallatin, Mackenzie and Johnson s vocabularies of Algonquin words.\\nManuscript account of this and other tribes, by Major Forsyth, quoted by Drake,\\nin his Life of Black Hawk.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthe word Muskotia is synonymous with, and has the same meaning\\nas, the word prairie, is further confirmed by the fact that the Indians\\nprefixed it to the names of those animals and plants found exclu-\\nsively on the prairies.\\nWere the Kickapoos and Mascoutins separate tribes, or were they\\none and the same These queries have elicited the attention of\\nscholars well versed in the history of the North American Indians,\\namong whom might be named Schoolcraft, Gallatin and Shea.\\nSufficient references have been given in this chapter to show that,\\nby the French, the Kickapoos and Mascoutins were regarded as dis-\\ntinct tribes. If necessary, additional extracts to the same purport\\ncould be produced from numerous French documents down to the\\nclose of the French colonial war, in 1763, all bearing uniform testi-\\nmony upon this point.\\nThe theory has been advanced that the Mascoutins and Kickapoos\\nwere bands of one tribe, first known to the French by the former\\nname, and subsequently to the English by the latter, under which\\nname alone they figure in our later annals. This supposition is at\\nvariance with English and American authorities. It was a war party\\nof Kickapoos and Mascoutins, from their contiguous villages near\\nFort Ouitanon, on the Wabash, who captured George Croghan, the\\nEnglish plenipotentiary, below the mouth of that river in 1765.;}; Sir\\nWilliam Johnson, the English colonial agent on Indian affairs, in\\nthe classified list of Indians within his department, prepared in 1763,\\nenumerates both the Kickapoos and Mascoutins, locating them in\\nthe neighborhood of the fort at Wawiaghta, and about the Wabash\\nRiver. Captain Imlay, commissioner for laying out lands in the\\nback settlements, as the territory west of the Alleghanies was\\ntermed at that period, in his list of westward Indians, classifies the\\nKickapoos (under the name of Vermilions) and the Muscatines, lo-\\ncating these two tribes between the Wabash and Illinois Rivers. This\\nwas in 1792. The distinction between these two tribes was main-\\ntained still later, and down to a period subsequent to the year 1816.\\nAt that time the Mascoutins were residing on the west bank of the\\nWabash, between Vincennes and the Tippecanoe River, while their\\nold neighbors, the Kickapoos, were living a short distance above\\n*For example, mus-ko-tia-chit-ta-mo, prairie squirrel; mus-ko-ti-pe-neeg, prairie\\npotatoes. Edwin James Catalogue of Plants and Animals found in the country of\\nthe Ojibbeways. See further references on page 35.\\nfThe Indian Tribes of Wisconsin: Historical Collections of that State, vol. 3, p.\\n130. F\\nVide his Narrative Journal.\\nColonial History of New York, vol. 7: London Documents, p. 583.\\nImlay s America, third edtion, London, 1797, p. 290.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "KICKAPOOS AND MASCOUTINS ONE PEOPLE. 159\\nthem in several large villages. At this date the Kickapoos could\\nraise four hundred warriors.* From the authors cited, and other\\nreferences to the same effect would be produced but for want of space,\\nit is evident that the English and the Americans, equally with the\\nFrench, regarded the Kickapoos and Mascoutins as separate bands\\nor subdivisions of a tribe.\\nWhile this was so, the language, manners and customs of the two\\ntribes were not only similar, but the two tribes were almost invaria-\\nbly found occupying continguous villages, and hunting in company\\nwith each other over the same country. The Kickapoos are neigh-\\nbors of the Mascoutins, and it seems that these two tribes have\\nalways been united in interests. f There is no instance recorded\\nwhere they were ever arrayed against each other, nor of a time when\\nthey took opposite sides in any alliance with other tribes. Another\\nnoticeable fact is that, with but one exception, the Mascoutins were\\nnever known as such in any treaty with the United States, while the\\nKickapoos were parties to many. We have seen that the former\\nwere occupying the Wabash country in common with the latter as\\nfar back, at least, as 1765, when they captured Croghan, until 1816\\nand in all of the treaties for the extinguishment of the title of the\\nseveral Indian tribes bordering on the Wabash and its tributaries,\\nthe Mascoutins are nowhere alluded to, while the Kickapoos are\\nprominent parties to many treaties at which extensive tracts of coun-\\ntry were ceded. No man living, in his time, was better informed\\nthan Gen. Harrison, who conducted these several treaties on behalf\\nof the United States, of the relations and distinctions, however\\ntrifling, that may have existed among the numerous Indian tribes\\nwith whom, in a long course of official capacity, he came in contact,\\neither with the pen. around the friendly council-fire, or with the up-\\nlifted sword upon the field of hostile encounter. In all his volumi-\\nnous correspondence during the years when the northwest was com-\\nmitted to his charge the General makes no mention of the Mascoutins\\nWestern Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, p. 71. This work of Mr. Brown s is\\nexceedingly valuable for the amount of reliable information it affords not obtainable\\nfrom any other source. He was with Gen. Harrison in the campaigns of the war of\\n1812. In the preface to his Gazetteer he says: Business and curiosity have made the\\nwriter acquainted with a large portion of the western country never before described.\\nWhere personal knowledge was wanting I have availed myself of the correspondence of\\nmany of the most intelligent gentlemen in the west. At the time Mr.Brown was compil-\\ning material for his Gazetteer, the Harrison Purchase was being run out into townships\\nand sections, and Mr. Brown came in contact with the surveyors doing the work, and\\nderived much information from them. The book is carefully prepared, covering a\\ntopographical description of the country embraced, its towns, rivers, counties, popula-\\ntion, Indian tribes, etc., and altogether is one of the most authentic and useful books\\nrelative to the west, which was attracting the attention of emigrants at the time of\\nits publication.\\nt Charlevoix History of New France.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "160 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nby that name, but often refers to the Kickapoos of the prairies,\\nto distinguish them from other bands of the same tribe who occupied\\nvillages in the timbered portions of the Wabash and its tributaries.*\\nAt a subsequent treaty of peace and friendship, concluded on the\\n27th of September, 1815, between Governor Ninian Edwards, of\\nIllinois Territory, and the chiefs, warriors, etc., of the Kickapoo\\nnation, Wash-e-own, who at the treaty of Vincennes signed as a Mas-\\ncoutin, was a party to it, and in this instance signed as a Kickapoo.\\nNo Mascoutins by that name appear in the record of the treaty.!\\nThe preceding facts, negative and direct, admit of the following\\ninferences that there were two subdivisions of the same nation,\\nknown first to the French, then to the English, and more recently\\nto the Americans, the one under the name of Kickapoos and the\\nother as Mascoutines that they spoke the same language and ob-\\nserved the same customs that they were living near each other,\\nand always had a community of interest in their wars, alliances and\\nmigrations and that since the United States have held dominion\\nover the territory of the northwest the Kickapoos and Mascoutines\\nhave considered themselves as one and the same people, whose tri-\\nbal relations w T ere so nearly identical that, in all official transactions\\nwith the federal government, they were recognized only as Kicka-\\npoos. And is it not apparent, after all, that there was only a nom-\\ninal distinction between these two tribes, or, rather, families of the\\nsame tribe Were not the Mascoutins bands of the Kickapoos who\\ndwelt exclusively on the prairies It seems, from authorities cited,\\nthat this question admits of but one answer.\\nThe destruction that followed the attempt of the Mascoutins to\\ncapture Detroit was, perhaps, one of the most remorseless in which\\nwhite men took a part of which we have an account in the annals of\\nIndian warfare. As before stated, the Muscotins in 1712 laid siege\\nto the Fort, hearing of which the Pottawatomies, with other tribes\\nfriendly to the French, collected in a large force for their assistance.\\nThe only treaty which the Mascoutins. as such, were parties to was the one\\nconcluded at Vincennes on the 27th of September, 1792, between the several Wabash\\ntribes and Gen. Rufus Putnam, on behalf of the United States. Two Mascoutins\\nsigned this treaty, viz, Waush-eown and At-schat-schaw. Three Kickapoo chiefs also\\nsigned the parchment, viz, Me-an-ach-kah, Ma-en-a-pah and Mash-a-ras-a, the Black\\nElk, and, what is singular, this last person, although a Kickapoo, signs himself to the\\ntreaty as The Chief of The Meadows. This treaty was only one of peace and friend-\\nship. The text of the treaty is found in the American State Papers, Indian Affairs,\\nvol. 1, p. 388; in Judge Dillon s History of Indiana, edition of 1859, pp. 293, 294, and\\nin the Western Annals, Pittsburg edition, pp. 605, 606. The names of the tribes and\\nof the individual chiefs who participated in it are not given in any of the works cited.\\nThey only appear in the copy on file at the War Department and in the original manu-\\nscript journal of Gen. Putnam. The author is indebted to Dr. Israel W. Andrews,\\npresident of Marietta College, for transcripts from Gen. Putnam s journal.\\nt Treaties with the Indian Tribes, Washington edition, p. 172.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "IDENTITY OF KICKAPOOS WITH THE MASCOUTINS. 161\\nThe Muscotines, after protracted efforts, abandoned the position in\\nwhich they were attacked, and fled, closely pursued, to an intrenched\\nposition on Presque Isle, opposite Hog Island, near Lake St. Clair,\\nsome distance above the fort. Here they held out for four days\\nagainst the combined French and Indian forces. Their women and\\nchildren were actually starving, numbers dying from hunger every\\nday. They sent messengers to the French officer, begging for quar-\\nter, offering to surrender at discretion, only craving that their re-\\nmaining women and children and themselves might be spared the\\nhorror of a general massacre. The Indian allies of the French\\nwould submit to no such terms. At the end of the fourth day,\\nafter fighting with much courage, says the French commander,\\nand not being able to resist further, the Muscotins surrendered at\\ndiscretion to our people, who gave them no quarter. Our Indians\\nlost sixty men, killed and wounded. The enemy lost a thousand\\nsouls men, women and children. All our allies returned to our\\nfort with their slaves (meaning the captives), and their amusement\\nwas to shoot four or five of them every day. The Hurons did not\\nspare a single one of theirs.\\nWe find no instance in which the Kickapoos or Muscotins assisted\\neither the French or the English in any of the intrigues or wars for\\nthe control of the fur trade, or the acquisition of disputed territory\\nin the northwest. At the close of Pontiac s conspiracy, the Kicka-\\npoos, whose temporary lodges were pitched on the prairie near Fort\\nWayne, notified Captain Morris, the English ambassador, on his\\nway from Detroit to Fort Chartes, to take possession of the coun-\\ntry of the Illinois that if the Miamis did not put him to death,\\nthey themselves would do so, should he attempt to pass their camp.f\\nStill later, on the 8th of June, 1765, as George Croghan, likewise\\nan English ambassador, on his route by the Ohio River to Fort\\nChartes, was attacked at daybreak, at the mouth of the Wabash, by\\na party of eighty Kickapoo and Mascoutin warriors, who had set out\\nfrom Fort Ouiatanon to intercept his passage, and killed two of his\\nmen and three Indians, and wounded Croghan himself, and all the\\nrest of his party except two wdiite men and one Indian. They then\\nmade all of them prisoners, and plundered them of everything they\\nhad.}\\nOfficial Report of M. Du Boisson on the Siege of Detroit.\\nt Parkman s History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac, 3d single volume edition, p. 474.\\nX The narrative, Journal of Col. George Croghan, who was sent, at the peace\\nof 1768, etc., to explore the country adjacent to the Ohio River, and to conciliate the\\nIndian nations who had hitherto acted with the French. [ReprintedJ from Feather-\\nstonhaugh Am. Monthly Journal of Geology, Dec. 1831. Pamphlet, p. 17.\\n11", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "162 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nHaving thrown such obstacles as were within their power against\\nthe French and English, the Kickapoos were ready to offer the\\nsame treatment to the Americans and, when Col. Rogers Clark\\nwas at Kaskaskia, in 177S, negotiating peace treaties with the west-\\nward Indians, his enemies found a party of young Kickapoos the\\nwilling instruments to undertake, for a reward promised, to kill him.\\nAs a military people, the Kickapoos were inferior to the Miamis,\\nDelawares and Shawnees in movements requiring large bodies of\\nmen, but they were preeminent in predatory warfare. Parties con-\\nsisting of from five to twenty persons were the usual number com-\\nprising their war parties. These small forces would push out hun-\\ndreds of miles from their villages, and swoop down upon a feeble\\nsettlement, or an isolated pioneer cabin, and burn the property, kill\\nthe cattle, steal the horses, capture the women and children, and be\\noff again before an alarm could be given of their approach. From\\nsuch incursions of the Kickapoos the people of Kentucky suffered\\nseverely.\\nA small war party of these Indians hovered upon the skirts of\\nGen. Harmer s army when he was conducting the campaign against\\nthe upper Wabash tribes, in 1790. They cut out a squad of ten\\nregular soldiers of Gen. Harmer by decoying them into an ambuscade.\\nJackson Johonnot, the orderly sergeant in command of the regulars,\\ngave an interesting account of their capture and the killing of his\\ncompanions, after they were subjected to the severest hunger and\\nfatigue on the march, and the running of the gauntlet on reaching\\nthe Indian villages, f\\nThe Kickapoos were noted for their fondness of horses and their\\nskill and daring in stealing them. They were so addicted to this\\npractice that Joseph Brant, having been sent westward to the Maumee\\nRiver in 1788, in the interest of the United States, to bring about a\\nreconciliation with the several tribes inhabiting the Maumee and\\nWabash, wrote back that, in his opinion, tl the Kickapoos, with the\\nShawnees and Miamis, were so much addicted to horse stealing that\\nit would be difficult to break them of it, and as that kind of business\\nwas their best harvest, they would, of course, declare for war and\\ndecline giving up any of their country.\\nOne of the reasons urged to induce the building of a town at the falls of the\\nOhio was that it would afford a means of strength against, and be an object of terror\\nto, our savage enemies, the Kickapoo Indians. Letter of Col. Williams, January\\n3, 1776, from Boonsborough, to the proprietors of the grant, found in Sketches of the\\nWest, by James Hall.\\nt Sketches of Western Adventure, by M Lung, contains a summarized account,\\ntaken from Johonnot s original narrative, published at Keene, New Hampshire, 1816.\\nStone s Life of Joseph Brant, vol. 2, p. 278.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "KICKAPOOS DESTROY THE ILLINOIS. 111:!\\nBetween the years 1786 and 1796, the Kickapoo war parties, from\\ntheir villages on the Wabash and Vermilion Rivers, kept the settle-\\nments in the vicinity of Kaskaskia in a state of continual alarm.\\nWithin the period named they killed and captured a number of\\nmen, women and children in that part of Illinois. Among their\\nnotable captures was that of William Biggs, whom they took across\\nthe prairies to their village on the west bank of the Wabash, above\\nAttica, Indiana.*\\nSubsequent to the close of the Pontiac war, the Kickapoos, as-\\nsisted by the Pottawatomies, almost annihilated the Kaskaskias at a\\nplace since called Battle Ground Creek, on the road leading from\\nKaskaskia to Shawneetown, and about twenty-five miles from the\\nformer place, f The Kaskaskias were shut up in the villages of\\nKaskaskia and Cahokia, and the Kickapoos became the recognized\\nproprietors of a large portion of the territory of the Kaskaskias on\\nthe west, and the hunting grounds of the Piankeshaw-Miamis on\\nthe east, of the dividing ridge between the Illinois and Wabash\\nRivers. The principal Kickapoo towns were on the left bank of the\\nIllinois, near Peoria, and on the Vermilion, of the Wabash, and at\\nseveral places on the west bank of the latter stream.;}:\\nThe Kickapoos of the prairie had villages west of Charleston,\\nIllinois, about the head- waters of the Kaskaskia and in many of the\\ngroves scattered over the prairies between the Illinois and the Wa-\\nbash and south of the Kankakee, notable among which were their\\ntowns at Elkhart Grove, on the Mackinaw, twelve miles north of\\nBloomington, and at Oliver s Grove, in Livingston county, Illinois.\\nThese people were much attached to the country along the Ver-\\nmilion River, and Gen. Harrison had great trouble in gaining their\\nconsent to cede it away. The Kickapoos valued it highly as a\\ndesirable home, and because of the minerals it was supposed to\\ncontain. In a letter, dated December 10, 1809, addressed to the\\nBiggs was a tall and handsome man. He had been one of Col. Clark s soldiers,\\nand had settled near Bellefountaine. He was well versed in the Indians ways and\\ntheir language. The Kickapoos took a great fancy to him. They adopted him into their\\ntribe, put him through a ridiculous ceremony which transformed him into a genuine\\nKickapoo, after which he was offered a handsome daughter of a Kickapoo brave for a\\nwife. He declined all these flattering temptations, however, purchased his freedom\\nthrough the agency of a Spanish trader at the Kickapoo village, and returned home to\\nhis family, going down the Wabash and Ohio and up the Mississippi in a canoe. His-\\ntorical Sketch of the Early Settlements in Illinois, etc., by John M. Peck, read before\\nthe Illinois State Lyceum, August 16, 1832. In 1826, shortly before his death, Mr.\\nBiggs published a narrative of his experience while he was a prisoner with the Kick-\\napoo Indians. It was published in pamphlet form, with poor type, and on very com-\\nmon paper, and contains twenty-three pages.\\nt J. M. Peck s Historical Address.\\nX Reynolds Pioneer History of Illinois, J. M. Peck s Address, and Gen. Harrison s\\nMemoirs.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "164 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nSecretary of War, by Gen. Harrison, the latter, referring to the\\ntreaty at Fort Wayne in connection with his efforts at that treaty to\\ninduce the Kickapoos to release their title to the tract of country\\nbounded on the east by the Wabash, on the south by the northern\\nline of the so-called Harrison Purchase, extending from opposite the\\nmouth of Raccoon Creek, northwest fifteen miles thence to a point\\non the Vermilion River, twenty-five miles in a direct line from its\\nmouth; thence down the latter stream to its confluence, says he\\nwas extremely anxious that the extinguishment of title should extend\\nas high up as the Vermilion River. This small tract [of about\\ntwenty miles square] is one of the most beautiful that can be con-\\nceived, and is, moreover, believed to contain a very rich copper\\nmine. The Indians were so extremely jealous of any search being\\nmade for this mine that the traders were always cautioned not to\\napproach the hills which were supposed to contain it.\\nIn the desperate plans of Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet,\\nto unite all of the Indian tribes in a war of extermination against\\nthe whites, the Kickapoos took an active part. Gen. Harrison made\\nextraordinary efforts to avert the troubles that culminated in the bat-\\ntle of Tippecanoe. The Kickapoos were particularly uneasy and\\nin 1S06 Gen. Harrison dispatched Capt. fin. Prince to the Yermil-\\nion towns with a speech addressed to all the chiefs and warriors of\\nthe Kickapoo tribe, giving Capt. Prince further instructions to pro-\\nceed to the villages in the prairies, if, after having delivered the\\nspeech at the Yermilion towns, he discovered that there would be no\\ndanger in proceeding beyond. The speech, which was full of good\\nwords, had little effect, and shortly after the mission of Capt.\\nGeneral Harrison s Official Letter: American State Papers of Indian Affairs, vol.\\n1, p. 726. It was not copper, but a mineral having something like the appearance of\\nsilver, that the Indians so jealously guarded. Recent explorations among the bluffs on\\nthe Little Vermilion have resulted in the discovery of a number of ancient smelting\\nfurnaces, with the charred coals and slag remaining in and about them. The furnaces\\nare crude, consisting of shallow excavations of irregular shape in the hillsides. These\\nbasins, averaging a few feet across the top, were lined with fire-clay. The bottoms of\\nthe pits were connected by ducts or troughs, also made of fire-clay, leading into reser-\\nvoirs a little distance lower down the hillside, into which the metal could flow, when\\nreduced to a liquid state, in the furnaces above. The pits were carefully filled with\\nearth, and every precaution was taken to prevent their discovery, a slight depression in\\nthe surface of the ground being the only indication of their presence. The mines are\\nfrom every appearance entitled to a claim of considerable antiquity, and are probably\\nthe silver mines on the Wabash that figure in the works of Hutchins, Imlay, and\\nother early writers, as the geological formation of the country precludes there being\\nany of the metals as high up or above Ouiatanon, in the vicinity of which those\\nauthors, as well as other writers, have located these mines. The most plausible ex-\\nplanation of the use to which the metal was put is given by a half-breed Indian,\\nwhose ancestors lived in the vicinity and were in the secret that, after being smelted,\\nthe metal was sent to Montreal, where it was used as an alloy with silver, and con-\\nverted into brooches, wristbands, and other like jewelry, and brought back by the\\ntraders and disposed of to the Indians.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "PA-KOI-SHEE-CAN. 165\\nPrince, the Prophet found means to bring the whole of the Kicka-\\npoos entirely under his influence. He prevailed on the warriors to\\nreduce their old chief, Joseph Renard s son, to a private man. He\\nwould have been put to death but for the insignificance of his char-\\nacter.\\nThe Kickapoos fought in great numbers, and with frenzied cour-\\nage, at the battle of Tippecanoe. They early sided with the British\\nin the war that was declared between the United States and Great\\nBritain the following June, and sent out numerous war parties that\\nkept the settlements in Illinois and Indiana territories in constant\\nperil, while other warriors represented their tribe in almost every\\nbattle fought; on the western frontier during this war.\\nAs the Pottawatomies and other tribes friendly to the English\\nlaid siege to Fort Wayne, the Kickapoos, assisted by the Winneba-\\ngoes, undertook the capture of Fort Harrison. They nearly suc-\\nceeded, and would have taken the fort but for one of the most he-\\nroic and determined defenses under Capt. (afterward Gen.) Zachary\\nTaylor.\\nCapt. Taylor s official letter to Gen. Harrison, dated September\\n10, 1812, contains a graphic account of the affair at Fort Harrison.\\nThe writer will here give the version of Pa-hoi-shee-can, whom the\\nFrench called La Farine and the Americans The Flour, the Kicka-\\npoo chief who planned the attack and personally executed the most\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0difficult part of the programme. f\\nFirst, the Indians loitered about the fort, having a few of their\\nwomen and children about them, to induce a belief that their pres-\\nence was of a friendly character, while the main body of warriors\\nwere secreted at some distance off, waiting for favorable develop-\\nments. Under the pretense of a want of provisions, the men and\\nMemoirs of Gen. Hamson, p. 85. A foot-note on the same page is as follows:\\n1 Old Joseph Renard was a very different character, a great warrior and perfectly sav-\\nage delighting in blood. He once told some of the inhabitants of Vincennes that\\nhe used to be much diverted at the different exclamations of the Americans and the\\nFrench while the Indians were scalping them, the one exclaiming Oh Lord! oh Lord!\\noh Lord! the other Mon Dieu! mon Dieu! mon Dieit!\\nfThe account here given was narrated to the author by Mrs. Mary A. Baptiste,\\nsubstantially as it was told to her by Pa-koi-shee-can. This lady, with her hus-\\nband, Christmas Dagney, was at Fort Harrison in 1821, where the latter was assisting\\nin disbursing annuities to the assembled Indians. The business, and general spree\\nwhich followed it, occupied two or three days. La Farine was present with his people\\nto receive their share of annuities, and the old chief, having leisure, edified Mr. Dag-\\nney and his wife with a minute description of his attempt to capture the fort, pointing\\nout the position of the attacking party and all the movements on the part of the\\nIndians, La Farine was a large, fleshy man, well advanced in years and a thorough\\nsavage. As he related the story he warmed up and indulged in a great deal of pan-\\ntomime, which gave force to, while it heightened the effect of, his narration. The\\nparticulars are given substantially as they were repeated to the author. The lady of\\nwhom he received it had never read an account of the engagement.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "166 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwomen were permitted to approach the fort, and had a chance to\\ninspect the fort and its defenses, an opportunity of which the men\\nfully availed themselves. A dark night, giving the appearance of\\nrain, favored a plan which was at once put into execution. The\\nwarriors were called to the front, and the women and children\\nretired to a place of safety. La Farine, with a large butcher knife\\nin each hand, extended himself at full length upon the ground. He\\ndrove one knife into the ground and drew his body up against it,\\nthen he reached forward, with the knife in the other hand, and driv-\\ning that into the ground drew himself along. In this way he ap-\\nproached the lower block-house, stealthily through the grass. He\\ncould hear the sentinels on their rounds within the fortified enclo-\\nsure. As they advanced toward that part of the works where the\\nlower block-house was situated, La Farine would lie still upon the\\nground, and when the sentinels made the turn and were moving in\\nthe opposite direction, he would again crawl nearer.* In this manner\\nLa Farine reached the very walls of the block-house. There was a\\ncrack between the logs of the block-house, and through this opening\\nthe Kickapoo placed a quantity of dry grass, bits of wood, and\\nother combustible material, brought in a blanket tied about his back,\\nso as to form a sack. As the preparation for this incendiarism was\\nin progress, the sentinels passed within a very few feet of the place,\\nas they paced by on the opposite side of the block-house. Everything\\nbeing in readiness, and the sentinels at the farther end of the works,\\nLa Farine struck a fire with his flint and thrust it between the logs,\\nand threw his blanket quickly over the opening, to prevent the light\\nfrom flashing outside, and giving the alarm before the building\\nshould be well ablaze. When assured that the fire was well under\\nway, he fell back and gave the signal, when the attack was immedi-\\nately begun by the Indians at the other extremity of the fort. The\\nlower block-house burned up in spite of all the efforts of the gar-\\nrison to put out the fire, and for awhile the Indians were exultant in\\nthe belief of an assured and complete victory. Gen. Taylor con-\\nstructed a barricade out of material taken from another building,\\nand by the time the block-house burned the Indians discovered a\\nnew line of defenses, closing up the breach by which they expected\\nto effect an entrance, f\\nCapt. Taylor, being- suspicious of mischief, took the precaution to order sentinels\\nto make the rounds within the inclosure, as appears from his official report.\\nfThe Indians, exasperated by the failure of their attempt upon Fort Harrison,\\nmade an incursion to the Pigeon Roost Fork of White River, where they massacred\\ntwenty-one of the inhabitants, many of them women and children. The details of\\nsome of the barbarities committed on this incursion are too shocking to narrate. They", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "TERRITORY OF THE KICKAPOOS. 167\\nin 1819, at a treaty concluded at Edwardsville, Illinois, they\\nceded to the United States all of their lands. Their claim included\\nthe following territory: Beginning on the Wabash River, at the\\nupper point of their cession, made by the second article of their\\ntreaty at Vincennes on the 9th of December, 1809 thence running\\nnorthwestwardly! to the dividing line between the states of Illinois\\nand Indiana thence along said line to the Kankakee River thence\\nwith said river to the Illinois River; thence down the latter to its\\nmouth thence in a direct line to the northwest corner of the Vin-\\ncennes tract, and thence (north by a little east) with the western\\nand northern boundaries of the cessions heretofore made by the\\nKickapoo tribe of Indians, to the beginning. Of which tract of land\\nthe said Kickapoo tribe claim a large portion by descent from their\\nancestors, and the balance by conquest from the Illinois Nation and\\nuninterrupted possession for more than half a century. An exam-\\nination, extended through many volumes, leaves no doubt of the just\\nclaims of the Kickapoos to the territory described, or the length of\\ntime it had been in their possession.\\nWith the close of the war of 1812, the Kickapoos ceased their\\nactive hostilities upon the whites, and within a few years afterward\\ndisposed of their lands in Illinois and Indiana, and, with the excep-\\ntion of a few bands, went westward of the Mississippi. The\\nKickapoos, says ex-Go v. Reynolds, disliked the United States so\\nmuch that they decided, when they left Illinois that they would not\\nreside within the limits of our government, but would settle in\\nTexas. A large body of them did go to Texas, and when the\\nare given by Capt. M Affe in his History of the Late War in the Western Country,\\np. 155. The garrison at Fort Harrison was cut off from communication with Vincennes\\nfor several days, and reduced to great extremity for want of provisions. They were\\nrelieved by Col. Russell. After this officer had left the fort, on his return to Vincennes,\\nhe passed several wagons with provisions on their way up to the fort under an escort of\\nthirteen men, commanded by Lieut. Fairbanks, of the regular army. This body of\\nmen were surprised and cut to pieces by the Indians, two or three only escaping, while\\nthe provisions and wagons fell into the hands of the savages. Vide M Affe, p. 155.\\nAt the mouth of Raccoon Creek, opposite Montezuma.\\nt Following the northwestern line of the so-called Harrison Purchase.\\nThe state line had not been run at this time, and when it was surveyed in 1821\\nit was discovered to be several miles west of where it was generally supposed it would\\nbe. The territory of the Kickapoos extended nearly as far east as La Fayette, as is\\nevident from the location of some of their villages.\\nBy the terms of the fourth article of the treaty of Greenville the United States\\nreserved a tract of land on both sides of the Wabash, above and below Vincennes, to\\ncover the rights of the inhabitants of that village who had received grants from the\\nFrench and British governments. In 1803, for the purpose of settling the limits of\\nthis tract, General Harrison, on the 7th of June, 1803, at Fort Wayne, concluded a\\ntreaty with the Miamis, Kickapoos, Shawnees, Pottawatomies and Delawares. This\\ncession of land became known as the Vincennes tract, and its northwest corner extends\\nsome twelve miles into Illinois, crossing the Wabash at Palestine.\\nI Pioneer History of Illinois, p. 8.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "168 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nLone Star Republic became one of the United States the Kickapoos\\nretired to New Mexico, and subsequently some of them went to Old\\nMexico. Here on these isolated borders the wild bands of Kicka-\\npoos have for years maintained the reputation of their sires as a busy\\nand turbulent people.*\\nA mixed band of Kickapoos and Pottawatomies, who resided on\\nthe Vermilion River and its tributaries, became christianized under\\nthe instructions of Ka-en-ne-kuck. This remarkable man, once a\\ndrunkard himself, reformed and became an exemplary christian,\\nand commanded such influence over his band that they, too, became\\nchristians, abstained entirely from whisky, which had brought them\\nto the verge of destruction, and gave up many of the other vices to\\nwhich they were previously addicted. Ka-en-ne-kuck had religious\\nservices every Sunday, and so conscientious were his people that\\nthey abstained from labor and all frivolous pastimes on that day.f\\nKa-en-ne-kuck s discourses were replete with religious thought,\\nand advice given in accordance with the precepts of the Bible, and\\nare more interesting because they were the utterances of an unedu-\\ncated Indian, who is believed to have done more, in his sphere of\\naction, in the cause of temperance and other moral reforms, than\\nany other person has been able to accomplish among the Indians,\\nalthough armed with all the power that education and talent could\\nconfer.\\nKa-en-ne-kuck s band, numbering about two hundred persons,\\nmigrated to Kansas, and settled upon a reservation within the pres-\\nent limits of Jackson and Brown counties, where the survivors, and\\nthe immediate descendants of those who have since died, are now\\nresiding upon their farms. Their well-cultivated fields and their\\nuniform good conduct attest the lasting effect of Ka-en-ne-kuck s\\nteachings.\\nThe wild bands have always been troublesome upon the south-\\nwestern borders, plundering upon all sides, making inroads into the\\nsettlements, killing stock and stealing horses. Every now and then\\nIn 1854 a band of them were found by Col. Marcy, living near Fort Arbuckle.\\nHe says of them: They are intelligent, active and brave; they frequently visit and\\ntraffic with the prairie Indians, and have no fear of meeting these people in battle,\\nprovided the odds are not more than six to one against them. Marcy s Thirty Years\\nof Army Life on the Border, p. 95.\\nfOne of Ka-en-ne-kuck s sermons was delivered at Danville, Illinois, on the 17th\\nof July, 1831, to his own tribe, and a large concourse of citizens who asked permission\\nto be present. The sermon was delivered in the Kickapoo dialect, interpreted into\\nKnglish, sentence at a time as spoken by the orator, by Gurdeon S. Hubbard, who spoke\\nthe Kickapoo as well as the Pottawatomie dialect with great fluency. The sermon was\\ntaken down in writing by Solomon Banta, a lawyer then living in Danville, and for-\\nwarded by him and Col. Hubbard to Judge James Hall, at Van d alia, Illinois, and pub-\\nlished in the October number (1831) of his Illinois Monthly Magazine.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "CHARACTERISTICS. 169\\ntheir depredations form the subject of items for the current news-\\npapers of the day. For years the government has failed in efforts\\nto induce the wild band to remove to some point within the Indian\\nTerritory, where they might be restrained from annoying the border\\nsettlements of Texas and New Mexico. Some years ago a part of\\nthe semi-civilized Kickapoos in Kansas, preferring their old wild\\nlife to the ways of civilized society, left Kansas and joined the bands\\nto the southwest. These last, after twelve years roving in quest of\\nplunder, were induced to return, and in 1875 they were settled in\\nthe Indian Territory and supplied with the necessary implements\\nand provisions to enable them to go to work and earn an honest liv-\\ning. In this commendable effort at reform they are now making\\nvery satisfactory progress.* In 1875 the number of civilized Kick-\\napoos within the Kansas agency was three hundred and eight-five,\\nwhile the wild or Mexican band numbered four hundred and twenty,\\nas appears from the official report on Indian affairs for that year.\\nAs compared with other Indians, the Kickapoos were industrious,\\nintelligent, and cleanly in their habits, and were better armed and\\nclothed than the other tribes, t The men, as a rule, were tall, sin-\\newy and active the women were lithe, and many of them by no\\nmeans lacking in beauty. Their dialect was soft and liquid, as com-\\npared with the rough and guttural language of the Pottawatomies.:}:\\nThey kept aloof from the white people, as a rule, and in this way\\npreserved their characteristics, and contracted fewer of the vices of\\nthe white man than other tribes. Their numbers were never great,\\nas compared with the Miamis or Pottawatomies however, they\\nmade up for the deficiency in this respect by the energy of their\\nmovements.\\nIn language, manners and customs the Kickapoos bore a very\\nclose resemblance to the Sac and Fox Indians, whose allies they\\ngenerally were, and with whom they have by some writers been\\nconfounded.\\nReport of Commissioner on Indian Affairs for the year 1875.\\nt Reynolds Pioneer History of Illinois.\\nX Statement of Col. Hubbard to the writer.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII.\\nTHE SHAWNEES AND DELA WARES.\\nThe Shawnees were a branch of the Algonquin family, and in\\nmanners and customs bore a strong resemblance to the Delawares.\\nThey were the Bedouins of the wilderness, and their wanderings\\nform a notable instance in the history of the nomadic races of North\\nAmerica. Before the arrival of the Europeans the Shawnees lived\\non the shores of the great lakes eastward of Cleveland. At that\\ntime the principal Iroquois villages were on the northern side of the\\nlakes, above Montreal, and this tribe was under a species of subjec-\\ntion to the Adirondacks, the original tribe from whence the several\\nAlgonquin tribes are alleged to have sprung,* and made the plant-\\ning of corn their business.\\nThe Adirondacks, however, valued themselves as delighting in\\na more manly employment, and despised the Iroquois in following\\na business which they thought only fit for women. But it once hap-\\npened that game failed the Adirondacks, which made them desire\\nsome of the young men of the Iroquois to assist them in hunting.\\nThese young men soon became much more expert in hunting, and\\nable to endure fatigues, than the Adirondacks expected or desired\\nin short, they became jealous of them, and one night murdered all\\nthe young men they had with them. The chiefs of the Iroquois\\ncomplained, but the Adirondacks treated their remonstrances with\\ncontempt, without being apprehensive of the resentment of the Iro-\\nquois, for they looked upon them as women/ 1\\nThe Iroquois determined on revenge, and the Adirondacks, hear-\\ning of it, declared war. The Iroquois made but feeble resistance,\\nand were forced to leave their country and fly to the south shores of\\nthe lakes, where they ever afterward lived. Their chiefs, in order\\nto raise their people s spirits, turned them against the Satanas, a less\\nwarlike nation, who then lived on the shores of the lakes. The\\nIroquois soon subdued the Satanas, and drove them from their\\ncountry, f\\nAdirondack is the Iroquois name for Algonquin.\\nt olden s History of the Five Nations, pp. 22, 23, The Shawnees were known to\\nthe Iroquois by the name of Satanas. Same authority.\\n170", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "WANDERINGS OF THE SHAWNEES. 171\\nIn 1632 the Shawnees were on the south side of the Delaware.*\\nFrom this time the Iroquois pursued them, each year driving them\\nfarther southward. Forty years later they were on the Tennessee,\\nand Father Marquette, in speaking of them, calls them Chaouanons,\\nwhich was the Illinois word for southerners, or people from the\\nsouth, so termed because they lived to the south of the Illinois cantons.\\nThe Iroquois still waged war upon the Shawnees, driving them to the\\nextremities mentioned in the extracts quoted from Father Marquette s\\njournal, f To escape further molestation from the Iroquois, the Shaw-\\nnees continued a more southern course, and some of their bands\\npenetrated the extreme southern states. The Suwanee River, in\\nFlorida, derived its name from the fact that the Shawnees once lived\\nupon its banks. Black Hoof, the renowned chief of this tribe, was\\nborn in Florida, and informed Gen. Harrison, with whom for many\\nyears he was upon terms of intimacy, that he had often bathed in\\nthe sea.\\nIt is well known that they were at a place which still bears\\ntheir namej on the Ohio, a few miles below the mouth of the Wabash,\\nsome time before the commencement of the revolutionary war, where\\nthey remained before their removal to the Sciota, where they were\\nfound in the year 1774 by Gov. Dunmore. Their removal from\\nFlorida was a necessity, and their progress from thence a flight\\nrather than a deliberate march. This is evident from their appear-\\nance when they presented themselves upon the Ohio and claimed\\nprotection of the Miamis. They are represented by the chiefs of the\\nMiamis and Delawares as supplicants for protection, not against the\\nIroquois, but against the Creeks and Seminoles, or some other south-\\nern tribe, who had driven them from Florida, and they are said to\\nhave been literally sans prov ant et sans culottes [hungry and naked].\\nAfter their dispersion by the Iroquois, remnants of the tribe were\\nfound in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania, but after the\\nreturn of the main body from the south, they became once more\\nunited, the Pennsylvania band leaving that colony about the same\\ntime that the Delawares did. During the forty years following that\\nperiod, the whole tribe was in a state of perpetual war with America,\\neither as British colonies or as independent states. By the treaty of\\nDe Laet.\\nt Vide p. 49 of this work.\\nX Shawneetown, Illinois.\\n\u00c2\u00a7Gen. Harrison s Historical Address, pp. 30, 31. This history of the Shawnees,\\nsays Gen. Harrison, was brought forward at a council at Vincennes in 1810, to resist\\nthe pretensions of Tecumseh to an interference with the Miamis in the disposal of their\\nlands, and however galling the reference to these facts must have been to Tecumseh.\\nhe was unable to deny them.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "172 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nGreenville, they lost nearly all the territory they had been permitted\\nto occupy north of the Ohio.*\\nIn 1819 they were divided into four tribes, the Pequa,+ the Me-\\nquachake, the Chillicothe, and the Kiskapocoke. The latter tribe\\nwas the one to which Tecumseh belonged. They were always hos-\\ntile to the United States, and joined every coalition against the gov-\\nernment. In 1806 they separated from the rest of the tribe, and\\ntook up their residence at Greenville. Soon afterward they removed\\nto their former place of residence on Tippecanoe Creek, Indiana.^:\\nAt the close of Gen. Wayne s campaign, a large body of the\\nShawnees settled near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, upon a tract of\\nland granted to them and the Delawares in 1793, bv Baron de Ca-\\nrondelet, governor of the Spanish provinces west of the Mississippi.\\nFrom their towns in eastern Ohio, the Shawnees spread north and\\nwestward to the headwaters of the Big and Little Miamis, the St.\\nMary s, and the Au Glaize, and for quite a distance down the Mau-\\nmee. They had extensive cultivated fields upon these streams,\\nwhich, with their villages, were destroyed by Gen. Wayne on his\\nreturn from the victorious engagement with the confederated tribes\\non the field of fallen timbers. Gen. Harmer, in his letter to\\nthe Secretary of War, communicating the details of his campaign\\non the Maumee, in October, 1790, gives a fine description of the\\ncountry, and the location of the Shawnee, Delaware and Miami vil-\\nlages, in the neighborhood of Fort Wayne, as they appeared at that\\nearly day. We quote: The savages and traders (who were, perhaps,\\nthe worst savages of the two) had evacuated their towns, and burnt\\nthe principal village called the Omee*l together with all the traders\\nhouses. This village lay on a pleasant point, formed by the junc-\\ntion of the rivers Omee and St. Joseph. It was situate on the east\\nGallatin.\\nt In ancient times they had a large fire, which, being burned down, a great puffing\\nand blowing was heard among the ashes; they looked, and behold a man stood up\\nfrom the ashes! hence the name Piqua a man coming out of the ashes, or made of\\nashes.\\nAccount of the Present State of the Indian Tribes Inhabiting Ohio Archseologia\\nAmericana, vol. 1, pp. 274, 275. Mr. Johnson is in error in locating this band upon\\nthe Tippecanoe. The prophets town was upon the west bank of the Wabash, near the\\nmouth of the Tippecanoe.\\nTreaties with the Several Indian Tribes, etc.: Government edition, 1837. The\\nShawnees and Delawares relinquished their title to their Spanish grant by a treaty\\nconcluded between them and the United States on the 26th of October, 1832.\\nJ The army returned to this place [Fort Defiance] on the 27th, by easy marches,\\nlaying waste to the villages and corn-fields for about fifty miles on each side of the\\nMiami [Maumee]. There remains yet a great number of villages and a great quantity\\nof corn to be consumed or destroyed upon the Au Glaize and Miami above this place,\\nwhich will be effected in a few days. Gen. Wayne to the Secretary of War: Ameri-\\ncan State Papers on Indian Affairs, vol. 1, p. 491.\\nIf The Miami village.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "COUNTRY OF THE SHAWNEES. 173\\nbank of the latter, opposite the mouth of St. Mary, and had for a\\nlong time past been the rendezvous of a set of Indian desperadoes,\\nwho infested the settlements, and stained the Ohio and parts adjacent\\nwith the blood of defenseless inhabitants. This day we advanced\\nnearly the same distance, and kept nearly the same course as yester-\\nday we encamped within six miles of the object, and on Sunday,\\nthe 17th, entered the ruins of the Omee town, or French village, as\\npart of it is called. Appearances confirmed accounts I had received\\nof the consternation into which the savages and their trading allies\\nhad been thrown by the approach of the army. Many valuables of\\nthe traders were destroyed in the confusion, and vast quantities of\\ncorn and other grain and vegetables were secreted in holes dug in\\nthe earth, and other hiding places. Colonel Hardin rejoined the\\narmy.\\nBesides the town of Omee, there were several other villages situ-\\nate upon the banks of three rivers. One of them, belonging to\\nthe Omee Indians, called Kegaiogue,* was standing and contained\\nthirty houses on the bank opposite the principal village. Two others,\\nconsisting together of about forty-five houses, lay a few miles up\\nthe St. Mary s, and were inhabited by Delawares. Thirty-six houses\\noccupied by other savages of this tribe formed another but scattered\\ntown, on the east bank of the St. Joseph, two or three miles north\\nfrom the French village. About the same distance down the Omee\\nRiver, lay the Shawnee town of Chillicothe, consisting of fifty-eight\\nhouses, opposite which, on the other bank of the river, were sixteen\\nmore habitations, belonging to savages of the same nation. All\\nthese I ordered to be burnt during my stay there, together with\\ngreat quantities of corn and vegetables hidden as at the principal\\nvillage, in the earth and other places by the savages, who had aban-\\ndoned them. It is computed that there were no less than twenty\\nthousand bushels of corn, in the ear, which the army either con-\\nsumed or destroyed, f\\nThe Shawnees also had a populous village within the present\\nlimits of Fountain county, Indiana, a few miles east of Attica.\\nThey gave their name to Shawnee Prairie and to a stream that dis-\\ncharges into the Wabash from the east, a short distance below VVill-\\niamsport.\\nKe-ki-ong-a. The name in English is said to signify a blackberry patch [more\\nprobably a blackberry bush] which, in its turn, passed among the Miamis as a symbol\\nof antiquity. Brice s History of Fort Wayne, p. 23.\\nfGen. Harmer s Official Letter. It will be observed that Gen. Harmer treats the\\nFrench Omee or Miami village as a separate town from that of Ke-ki-ong-a. His de-\\nscription is so minute, and his opportunities so favorable to know the facts, that there\\nis scarcely a probability of his having been mistaken.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "174 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nIn 1854 the Shawnees in Kansas numbered nine hundred persons,\\noccupying a reservation of one million six hundred thousand acres.\\nTheir lands were divided into severalty. They have banished\\nwhisky, and many of them have fine farms under cultivation. Be-\\ning on the border of Missouri, they suffered from the rebel raids,\\nand particularly that of Gen. Price in 1864. In 1865 they numbered\\neight hundred and forty-five persons. They furnished for the Union\\narmy one hundred and twenty-five men. The Shawnees have illus-\\ntrated by their own conduct the capability of an Indian tribe to\\nbecome civilized.*\\nThe Delawares called themselves Lenno Lenape, which signifies\\noriginal or unmixed men. They were divided into three\\nclans the Turtle, the Wolf and the Turkey. When first met with\\nby the Europeans, they occupied a district of country bounded\\neastwardly by the Hudson River and the Atlantic on the west\\ntheir territories extended to the ridge separating the flow of the\\nDelaware from the other streams emptying into the Susquehanna\\nRiver and Chesapeake Bay.f\\nThey, according to their own traditions, many hundred years\\nago resided in the western part of the continent thence by slow\\nemigration, they at length reached the Alleghany River, so called\\nfrom a nation of giants, the Allegewi, against whom the Delawares\\nand Iroquois (the latter also emigrants from the west) carried on\\nsuccessful war and still proceeding eastward, settled on the Dela-\\nware, Hudson, Susquehanna and Potomac rivers, making the Dela-\\nware the center of their possessions.^\\nBy the other Algonquin tribes the Delawares were regarded with\\nthe utmost respect and veneration. They were called fathers,\\ngrandfathers, 1 etc.\\nWhen William Penn landed in Pennsylvania the Delawares had\\nbeen subjugated and made women by the Iroquois. They were\\nprohibited from making war, placed under the sovereignty of the\\nIroquois, and even lost the right of dominion to the lands which\\nthey had occupied for so many generations. Gov. Penn, in his treaty\\nwith the Delawares, purchased from them the right of possession\\nmerely, and afterward obtained the relinquishment of the sovereignty\\nfrom the Iroquois. The Delawares accounted for their humiliating\\nrelation to the Iroquois by claiming that their assumption of the\\nrole of women, or mediators, was entirely voluntary on their part.\\nGale s Upper Mississippi. Taylor s History of Ohio, p. 33.\\nf Gallatin s Synopsis of the Indian Tribes, p. 44. ^Gallatin s Synopsis, etc.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "DELAWARES BECOME WOMEN. 175\\nThey said they became peacemakers, not through compulsion,\\nbut in compliance with the intercession of different belligerent tribes,\\nand that this position enabled their tribe to command the respect of\\nall the Indians east of the Mississippi. While it is true that the\\nDelawares were very generally recognized as mediators, they never\\nin any war or treaty exerted an influence through the possession of\\nthis title. It was an empty honor, and no additional power or ben-\\nefit ever accrued from it. That the degrading position of the Dela-\\nwares was not voluntary is proven in a variety of ways. We possess\\nnone of the details of the war waged against the Lenapes, but we\\nknow that it resulted in the entire submission of the latter, and that\\nthe Iroquois, to prevent any further interruption from the Delawares,\\nadopted a plan to humble and degrade them, as novel as it was ef-\\nfectual. Singular as it may seem, it is nevertheless true that the\\nLenapes, upon the dictation of the Iroquois, agreed to lay aside the\\ncharacter of warriors and assume that of women. The Iroquois,\\nwhile they were not present at the treaty of Greenville, took care to\\ninform Gen. Wayne that the Delawares were their subjects that\\nthey had conquered them and put petticoats upon them. At a\\ncouncil held July 12, 1742, at the house of the lieutenant-governor\\nof Pennsylvania, where the subject of previous grants of land was\\nunder discussion, an Iroquois orator turned to the Delawares who\\nwere present at the council, and holding a belt of waumpum, ad-\\ndressed them thus: Cousins, let this belt of waumpum serve to\\nchastise you. You ought to be taken by the hair of your head and\\nshaked severely, till you recover your senses and become sober.\\nBut how came you to take upon yourself to sell land at all refer-\\nring to lands on the Delaware River, which the Delawares had sold\\nsome fifty years before. We conquered you we made women of\\nyou. You know you are women, and can no more sell land than\\nwomen nor is it fit you should have the power of selling lands,\\nsince you would abuse it. The Iroquois orator continues his chas-\\ntisement of the Delawares, indulging in the most opprobrious lan-\\nguage, and closed his speech by telling the Delawares to remove\\nimmediately. We don t give you the liberty to think about it.\\nYou may return to the other side of the Delaware, where you came\\nfrom but we don t know, considering how you had demeaned your-\\nselves, whether you will be permitted to live there. f\\nThe Quakers who settled Pennsylvania treated the Delawares in\\nDiscourse of Gen. Harrison.\\nt Minutes of the Conference at Philadelphia, in Colden s History of the Five\\nNations.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "176 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\naccordance with the rules of justice and equity. The result was that\\nduring a period of sixty years peace and the utmost harmony pre-\\nvailed. This is the only instance in the settling of America by the\\nEnglish where uninterrupted friendship and good will existed be-\\ntween the colonists and the aboriginal inhabitants. Gradually and\\nby peaceable means the Quakers obtained possession of the greater\\nportion of their territory, and the Delawares were in the same situa-\\ntion as other tribes, without lands, without means of subsistence.\\nThey were threatened with starvation. Induced by these motives,\\nsome of them, between the years 1740 and 1750, obtained from their\\nuncles, the Wyandots, and with the assent of the Iroquois, a grant of\\nland on the Muskingum, in Ohio. The greater part of the tribe re-\\nmained in Pennsylvania, and becoming more and more dissatisfied\\nwith their lot, shook off the yoke of the Iroquois, joined the French\\nand ravaged the frontiers of Pennsylvania. Peace was concluded at\\nEaston in 1758, and ten years after the last remaining bands of the\\nDelawares crossed the Alleghanies. Here, being removed from the\\ninfluence of their dreaded masters, the Iroquois, the Delawares soon\\nassumed their ancient independence. During the next four or five\\ndecades they were the most formidable of the western tribes. While\\nthe revolutionary war was in progress, as allies of the British, after\\nits close, at the head of the northwestern confederacy of Indians,\\nthey fully regained their lost reputation. By their geographical\\nposition placed in the front of battle, they were, during those two\\nwars, the most active and dangerous enemies of America.*\\nThe territory claimed by the Delawares subsequent to their being\\ndriven westward from their former possessions, is established in a\\npaper addressed to congress May 10, 1779, from delegates assem-\\nbled at Princeton, New Jersey. The boundaries of their country,\\nas declared in the address, is as follows: From the mouth of the\\nAlleghany River, at Fort Pitt, to the Venango, and from thence up\\nFrench Creek, and by Le Boeuf, f along the old road to Presque Isle,\\non the east. The Ohio River, including all the islands in it, from\\nFort Pitt to the Ouabache, on the south; thence up the River Oua-\\nbache to that branch, Ope-co-mee-cah,\\\\ and up the same to the head\\nthereof; from thence to the headwaters and springs of the Great\\nMiami, or Rocky River thence across to the headwaters and springs\\nof the most northwestern branches of the Scioto River thence to\\nIn the battle of Fallen Timbers there were three hundred Delawares out of seven\\nhundred Indians who were in this engagement: Colonial History of Massachusetts,\\nvol. 10.\\nt A fort on the present site of Waterford, Pa.\\nX This was the name given by the Delawares to White River, Indiana.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "MAKE PEACE. 177\\nthe westernmost springs of Sandusky River thence down said river,\\nincluding the islands in it and in the little lake, to Lake Erie, on the\\nwest and northwest, and Lake Erie on the north. These boundaries\\ncontain the cessions of lands made to the Delaware nation by the\\nWayandots and other nations J- and the country we have seated our\\ngrandchildren, the Shawnees, upon, in our laps and we promise to\\ngive to the United States of America such a part of the above\\ndescribed country as would be convenient to them and us, that they\\nmay have room for their children s children to set down upon. J\\nAfter Wayne s victory the Delawares saw that further contests\\nwith the American colonies would be worse than useless. They\\nsubmitted to the inevitable, acknowledged the supremacy of the\\nCaucasian race, and desired to make peace with the victors. At the\\ntreaty of Greenville, in 1795, there were present three hundred and\\neighty-one Delawares, a larger representation than that of any\\nother Indian tribe. By this treaty they ceded to the United States\\nthe greater part of the lands allotted to them by the Wyandots and\\nIroquois. For this cession they received an annuity of $1, 000.\\nAt the close of the treaty, Bu-kon-ge-he-las, a Delaware chief,\\nspoke as follows:\\nFather: Your children all well understand the sense of the\\ntreaty which is now concluded. We experience daily proofs of your\\nincreasing kindness. I hope we may all have sense enough to enjoy\\nour dawning happiness. Many of your people are yet among us.\\nI trust they will be immediately restored. Last winter our king\\ncame forward to you with two; and when he returned with your\\nspeech to us, we immediately prepared to come forward with the\\nremainder, which we delivered at Fort Defiance. All who know\\nme know me to be a man and a warrior, and I now declare that I will\\nfor the future be as steady and true a friend to the United States as\\nI have heretofore been an active enemy.\\nThis promise of the orator was faithfully kept by his people.\\nThey evaded all the efforts of the Shawnee prophet, Tecumseh, and\\nthe British who endeavored to induce them, by threats or bribes, to\\nviolate it.**\\nSandusky Bay.\\nfThe Hurons and Iroquois.\\nPioneer History, by S. P. Hildreth, p. 137, where the paper setting forth the\\nclaims of the Delawares is copied.\\nAmerican State Papers: Indian Affairs, vol. 1.\\nGen. Wayne.\\nAmerican State Papers: Indian Affairs, vol. 1, p. 582.\\nBu-kon-ge-he-las was a warrior of great ability. He took a leading part in\\nmanceuvering the Indians at the dreadful battle known as St. Clair s defeat. He rose\\nfrom a private warrior to the head of his tribe. Until after Gen. Wayne s great victory\\n12", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe Delawares remained faithful to the United States during the\\nwar of 1S12, and, with the Shawnees, furnished some very able war-\\nriors and scouts, who rendered valuable service to the United States\\nduring this war.\\nAfter the treaty of Greenville, the great body of Delawares re-\\nmoved to their lands on White River, Indiana, whither some of\\ntheir people had already preceded them.\\nTheir manner of obtaining possession of their lands on White\\nRiver is thus related in Dawson s Life of Harrison: The land in\\nquestion had been granted to the Delawares about the year 1770, by\\nthe Piankeshaws, on condition of their settling upon it and assist-\\ning them in a war with the Kickapoos. These terms were complied\\nwith, and the Delawares remained in possession of the land.\\nThe title to the tract of land lying between the Ohio and White\\nRivers soon became a subject of dispute between the Piankeshaws\\nand Delawares. A chief of the latter tribe, in 1803, at Tincennes,\\nstated to Gen. Harrison that the land belonged to his tribe, and\\nthat he had with him a chief who had been present at the transfer\\nmade by the Piankeshaws to the Delawares, of all the country be-\\ntween the Ohio and White Rivers more than thirty years previous.\\nThis claim was disputed by the Piankeshaws. They admitted that\\nwhile they had granted the Delawares the right of occupancy, vet\\nthey had never conveyed the right of sovereignty to the tract in\\nquestion.\\nGov. Harrison, on the 19th and 27th of August, 1804, concluded\\ntreaties with the Delawares and Piankeshaws by which the United\\nStates acquired all that tine country between the Ohio and Wabash\\nRivers. Both of these tribes laying claim to the land, it became\\nin 1794, he had been a devoted partisan of the British and a mortal foe to the United\\nStates. He was the most distinguished warrior in the Indian Confederacy; and as it\\nwas the British interests which had induced the Indians to commence, as well as to con-\\ntinue, the war, Buck-on-ge-he-las relied upon British support and protection. This\\nsupport had been given so tar as relates to provisions, arms and ammunition; but\\nat the end of the battle referred to, the gates of Fort Miamis, near which the action\\nwas fought, were shut, by the British within, against the wounded Indians after\\nthe battle. This opened the eyes of the Delaware warrior. He collected his braves\\nin canoes, with the design of proceeding up the river, under a flag of truce, to Fort\\nWayne. On approaching the British fort he was requested to land. He did so, and\\naddressing the British officer, said, What have you to say to me? The officer re-\\nplied that the commandant wished to speak with him. Then he may come here,\\nwas the chief s reply. He will not do that, said the sub-officer; and you will not\\nbe suffered to pass the fort if you do not comply. What shall prevent me?\\nThese, said the officer, pointing to the cannon of the fort. I fear not your\\ncannon, replied the intrepid chief. After suffering the Americans to insult and\\ntreat you with such contempt, without daring to fire upon them, you cannot expect to\\nfrighten me. Buck-on-ge-he-las then ordered his canoes to push off from the shore,\\nand the fleet passed the fort without molestation. A note [No. 2]: Memoirs of Gen.\\nHarrison.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "BECOME CITIZENS. 179\\nnecessary that both should be satisfied, in order to prevent disputes\\nin the future. In this, however, the governor succeeded, on terms,\\nperhaps, more favorable than if the title had been vested in only\\none of these tribes for, as both claimed the land, the value of each\\nclaim was considerably lowered in the estimation of both; and,\\ntherefore, by judicious management, the governor effected the pur-\\nchase upon probably as low, if not lower, terms that if he had been\\nobliged to treat with only one of them. For this tract the Pianke-\\nshaws received $700 in goods and $200 per annum for ten years;\\nthe compensation of the Delawares was an annuity of $300 for ten\\nyears.\\nThe Delawares continued to reside upon White River and its\\nbranches until 1819, when most of them joined the band who had\\nemigrated to Missouri upon the tract of land granted jointly to them\\nand the Shawnees, in 1793, by the Spanish authorities. Others of\\ntheir number who remained scattered themselves among the Miamis,\\nPottawatomies and Kickapoos while still others, including the Mo-\\nravian converts, went to Canada. At that time, 1819, the total num-\\nber of those residing in Indiana was computed to be eight hundred\\nsouls.*\\nIii 1829 the majority of the nation were settled on the Kansas\\nand Missouri rivers. They numbered about 1,000, were brave, en-\\nterprising hunters, cultivated lands and were friendly to the whites.\\nIn 1853 they sold to the government all the lands granted them, ex-\\ncepting a reservation in Kansas. During the late Rebellion they\\nsent to the United States army one hundred and seventy out of their\\ntwo hundred able-bodied men. Like their ancestors they proved\\nvaliant and trustworthy soldiers. Of late years they have almost\\nentirely lost their aboriginal customs and manners. They live in\\nhouses, have schools and churches, cultivate farms, and, in fact, bid\\nfair to become useful and prominent citizens of the great Republic.\\nTheir principal towns were on the branches of White River, within the present\\nlimits of Madison and Delaware counties, and the capital of the latter is named after\\nthe Miincy or Mon-o-sia band. Pipe Creek and Kill Bud- Creek, branches of\\nWhite River, are also named after two distinguished Delaware chiefs.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII.\\nTHE INDIANS: THEIR IMPLEMENTS, UTENSILS, FORTIFICATIONS,\\nMOUNDS, AND THEIR MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.\\nBefore the arrival of the Europeans the use of iron was but little\\nknown to the North American Indians. Marquette, in speaking of\\nthe Illinois, states that they were entirely ignorant of the use of iron\\ntools, their weapons being made of stone.* This was true of all the\\nIndians who made their homes north of the Ohio, but south of that\\nstream metal tools were occasionally met with. When Hernando\\nDe Soto, in 1539-43, was traversing the southern part of that terri-\\ntory, now known as the United States, in his vain search for gold,\\nsome of his followers found the natives on the Savanna Eiver using\\nhatchets made of copper. It is evident that these hatchets were of\\nnative manufacture, for they were said to have a mixture of gold.\\nThe southern Indians had long bows, and their arrows were\\nmade of certain canes like reeds, very heavy, and so strong that a\\nsharp cane passeth through a target. Some they arm in the point\\nwith a sharp bone of a fish, like a chisel, and in others they fasten\\ncertain stones like points of diamonds. These bones or scale\\nof the armed fish were neatly fastened to the head of the arrows\\nwith splits of cane and fish glue.\u00c2\u00a7 The northern Indians used\\narrows with stone points. Father Rasles thus describes them\\nArrows are the principal arms which they use in war and in the\\nchase. They are pointed at the end with a stone, cut and sharpened\\nin the shape of a serpent s tongue and, if no knife is at hand, they\\nuse them also to skin the animals they have killed. The bow-\\nstrings were prepared from the entrails of a stag, or of a stag s skin,\\nwhich they know how to dress as well as any man in France, and\\nwith as many different colors. They head their arrows with the teeth\\nof fishes and stone, which they work very finely and handsomely.\\nSparks Life of Marquette, p. 281.\\nt A Narrative of the Expedition of Hernando De Soto, by a Gentleman of Elvas;\\npublished at Evora in 1557, and afterward translated and published in the second\\nvolume of the Historical Collections of Louisiana, p. 149. Idem, p. 124.\\nDu Pratz History of Louisiana: English translation, vol. 2, pp. 223, 224.\\nI Kip s Jesuit Missions, p. 39.\\nII History of the First Attempt of the French to Colonize Florida, in 1562, by Rene\\nLaudonniere: published in Historical Collections of Louisiana and Florida, vol. 1, p. 170.\\n180", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THEY USE STOXE IMPLEMENTS. 181\\nMost of the hatchets and knives of the northern Indians were\\nlikewise made of sharpened stones, which they fastened in a cleft\\npiece of wood with leathern thongs. Their tomahawks were con-\\nstructed from stone, the horn of a stag, or from wood in the shape\\nof a cutlass, and terminated by a large ball. 11 The tomahawk was\\nheld in one hand and a knife in the other. As soon as they dealt a\\nblow on the head of an enemy, they immediately cut it round with\\nthe knife, and took off the scalp with extraordinary rapidity. I\\nDu Pratz thus describes their method of felling trees with stone\\nimplements and with fire: Cutting instruments are almost con-\\ntinually wanted but as they had no iron, which of all metals is the\\nmost useful in human society, they were obliged, with infinite pains,\\nt form hatchets out of large flints, by sharpening their thin edge,\\nand making a hole through them for receiving the handle. To cut\\ndown trees with these axes would have been almost an impracticable\\nwork they were, therefore, obliged to light fires round the roots of\\nthem, and to cut away the charcoal as the fire eat into the tree. 11\\nCharlevoix makes a similar statement: These people, before\\nwe provided them with hatchets and other instruments, were very\\nmuch at a loss in felling their trees, and making them fit for such\\nuses as they intended them for. They burned them near the root,\\nand in order to split and cut them into proper lengths they made\\nuse of hatchets made of flint, which never broke, but which required\\na prodigious time to sharpen. In order to fix them in a shaft, they\\ncut off the top of a young tree, making a slit in it, as if they were\\ngoing to draft it, into which slit they inserted the head of the axe.\\nThe tree, growing together again in length of time, held the head\\nof the hatchet so firm that it was impossible for it to get loose\\nthey then cut the tree at the length they deemed sufficient for the\\nhandle. 11\\nWhen they were about to make wooden dishes, porringers or\\nspoons, they cut the blocks of wood to the required shape with\\nstone hatchets, hollowed them out with coals of fire, and polished\\nthem with beaver teeth, jj\\nEarly settlers in the neighborhood of Thorntown, Indiana, no-\\nticed that the Indians made their hominy-blocks in a similar manner.\\nRound stones were heated and placed upon the blocks which were\\nto be excavated. The charred wood was dug out with knives, and\\nHennepin, vol. 2, p. 103.\\nt Letter of Father Rasles in Kip s Jesuit Missions, p. 40.\\ni Volume 2, p. 223.\\nNarrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 126.\\n1 Hennepin, vol. 2, p. 103.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "182 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthen the surface was polished with stone implements. These round\\nstones were the common property of the tribe, and were used by\\nindividual families as occasion required.-\\nThey dug their ground with an instrument of wood, which was\\nfashioned like a broad mattock, wherewith they dig their vines as in\\nFrance; they put two grains of maize together.\\nFor boiling their victuals they made use of earthen kettles.^; The\\nkettle was held up by two crotches and a stick of wood laid across.\\nThe pot ladle, called by them rnikoine, laid at the side.\u00c2\u00a7 In the\\nnorth they often made use of wooden kettles, and made the water\\nboil by throwing into it red hot pebbles. Our iron pots are esteemed\\nby them as much more commodious than their own.\\nThat the North American Indians not only used, but actually\\nmanufactured, pottery for various culinary and religious purposes\\nadmits of no argument. Hennepin remarks: Before the arrival\\nof the Europeans in North America both the northern and southern\\nsavages made use of, and do to this day use, earthen pots, especially\\nsuch as have no commerce with the Europeans, from whom they may\\nprocure kettles and other movables. M. Pouchot, who was ac-\\nquainted with the manners and customs of the Canadian Indians,\\nstates that they formerly had usages and utensils to which they\\nare now scarcely accustomed. They made pottery and drew fire from\\nwood.\\nIn 1700, Father Gravier, in speaking of the Yazoos, says: You\\nsee there in their cabins neither clothes, nor sacks, nor kettles, nor\\nguns they carry all with them, and have no riches hut earthen pots,\\nquite well made, especially little glazed pitchers, as neat as you would\\nsee in France. 1 ft The Illinois also occasionally used glazed pitch-\\ners.^ The manufacturing of these earthen vessels was done by the\\nwomen. By the southern Indians the earthenware goods were\\nused for religious as well as domestic purposes. Gravier noticed\\nseveral in their temples, containing bones of departed warriors,\\nashes, etc.\\nStatements of early settlers.\\nt Laudormiere. p. 174.\\nX Hennepin, vol. 2, p. 105.\\nPouchot s Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 186.\\nCharlevoix 1 Narrative Journal, vol. 2, pp. 123. 124.\\n*T Volume 2, pp. 102, 103. This work was written in 1697.\\nPouchot s Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 219.\\nffGravier s Journal, published in Shea s Early Voyages Up and Down the Missis-\\nsippi, p 135.\\nXX Vide P- 109 of this work.\\nGravier s Journal, published in Shea s Early Voyages Up and Down the Missis-\\nsippi, p. 135; also, Du Pratz History of Louisiana, vol. 2, p. 166.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "INDIAN FORTIFICATIONS. 183\\nThe American Indians, both northern and southern, had most of\\ntheir villages fortified cither by wooden palisades, or earthen\\nbreastworks and palisades combined. De Soto, on the 19th of June,\\n1541, entered the town of Paeaha, which was very great, walled,\\nand beset with towers, and many loopholes were in the towers and\\nwall.f Charlevoix said: The Indians are more skillful in erect-\\ning their fortifications than in building their houses. Here you see\\nvillages surrounded with good palisades and with redoubts and\\nthey are very careful to lay in a proper provision of water and\\nstones. These palisades are double, and even sometimes treble,\\nand generally have battlements on the outer cireumvallation. The\\npiles, of which they are composed, are interwoven with branches of\\ntrees, without any void space between them. This sort of fortifica-\\ntion was sufficient to sustain a long siege whilst the Indians were\\nignorant of the use of fire-arms. 1\\nLa Hontan thus describes these palisaded towns Their villages\\nare fortified with double palisadoes of very hardwood, which are\\nas thick as one s thigh, and fifteen feet high, with little scpiares about\\nthe middle of courtines. 1,\\nThese wooden fortifications were used to a comparatively late\\nday. At the siege of Detroit, in 1712, the Foxes and Mascoutins\\nresisted, in a wooden fort, for nineteen days, the attack of a much\\nlarger force of Frenchmen and Indians. In order to avoid the\\nfire of the French, they dug holes four or five feet deep in the bot-\\ntom of their fort, j\\nThe western Indians, in their fortifications, made use of both\\nearth and wood. An early American author remarks: The re-\\nmains of Indian fortifications seen throughout the western country,\\nhave given rise to strange conjectures, and have been supposed to\\nappertain to a period extremely remote; but it is a fact well known\\nthat in some of them the remains of palisadoes were found by the\\nfirst settlers. ,,a j When Map Long s party, in 1823, passed through\\nFort Wayne, they inquired of Metea, a celebrated Pottawatomie chief\\nwell versed in the lore of his tribe, whether he had ever heard of any\\ntradition accounting for the erection of those artificial mounds which\\nare found scattered over the whole country. He immediately\\nreplied that they had been constructed by the Indians as fortifica-\\nProbably in the limits of the present state of Arkansas.\\nt Account by the Gentleman of Elvas, p. 172.\\nI Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 128.\\nVol. 2. p. 6.\\nDubuisson s Official Report.\\nIT Views of Louisiana: Brackenridge, p. 14.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "184 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntions before the white man had come among them. He had always\\nheard this origin ascribed to them, and knew three of those con-\\nstructions which were supposed to have been made by his nation.\\nOne is at the fork of the Kankakee and the Des Plaines Rivers, a\\nsecond on the Ohio, which, from his description, was supposed to be\\nat the mouth of the Muskingum. He visited it. but could not de-\\nscribe the spot accurately, and a third, which he had also seen, he\\nstated to be on the head-waters of the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan.\\nThis latter place is about forty miles northwest of Fort Wayne.\\nOne of the Miami chiefs, whom the traders named Le Gros, told\\nBarron that he had heard that his father had fought with his tribe\\nin one of the forts at Piqua, Ohio; that the fort had been erected\\nby the Indians against the French, and that his father had been\\nkilled during one of the assaults made upon it. f\\nWhile at Chicago, and with a view to collect as much informa-\\ntion as possible on the subject of Indian antiquities, we inquired of\\nRobinson whether any traditions on this subject were current\\namong the Indians. He observed that these ancient fortifications\\nwere a frequent subject of conversation, and especially those in the\\nnature of excavations made in the ground. He had heard of one\\nmade by the Kickapoos and Fox Indians on the Sangamo River, a\\nstream running into the Illinois. This fortification is distinguished\\nby the name of Etnataek. It is known to have served as an in-\\ntrenchment to the Kickapoos and Foxes, who were met there and\\ndefeated by the Pottawatomies, the Ottawas and Chippeways. No\\ndate was assigned to this transaction. We understood that the Et-\\nnataek was near the Kickapoo village on the Sangamo.\\nNear the dividing line between sections 4 and 5, township 31\\nnorth, of range 1 1 east, in Kankakee county, Illinois, on the prairie\\nabout a mile above the mouth of Rock Creek, are some ancient\\nmounds. Ck One is very large, being about one hundred feet base in\\ndiameter and about twenty feet high, in a conic form, and is said to\\ncontain the remains of two hundred Indians who were killed in the\\ncelebrated battle between the Illinois and Chippeways, Delawares\\nand Shawnees and about two chains to the northeast, and the same\\nAn Indian interpreter.\\nLong s Expedition to the Sources of the St. Peters, vol. 1, pp. 121, 122.\\nX Robinson was a Pottawatomie half-breed, of superior intelligence, and his state-\\nments can be relied upon. He died, only a few years ago, on the Au Sable River.\\nLong s Expedition, vol. 1, p. 121. This stream is laid down on Joliet s map, pub-\\nlished in 1681, as the Pierres Sanguines. In the early gazetteers it is called Sangamo:\\nvide Beck s Illinois and Missouri Gazetteer, p. 154. Its signification in the Pottawat-\\nomie dialect is a plenty to eat Early History of the West and Northwest, by S. R.\\nBeggs, p. 157. This definition, however, is somewhat doubtful.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "INDIAN MOUNDS. 185\\ndistance to the northwest, are two other small mounds, which are\\nsaid to contain the remains of the chiefs of the two parties. 1\\nUncorroborated Indian traditions are not entitled to any high\\ndegree of credibility, and these quoted are introduced to refute the\\noften repeated assertion that the Indians had no tradition concerning\\nthe origin of the mounds scattered through the western states, or\\nthat they supposed them to have been erected by a race who occu-\\npied the continent anterior to themselves.\\nThese mounds were seldom or never used for religious purposes\\nby the Algonquins or Iroquois, but Penicault states that when he\\nvisited the Natchez Indians, in 1704, the houses of the Sunsr are\\nbuilt on mounds, and are distinguished from each other by their size.\\nThe mound upon which the house of the Great Chief, or Sun, is\\nbuilt is larger than the rest, and its sides are steeper. The temple in\\nthe village of the Great Sun is about thirty feet high and forty -eight\\nin circumference, with the walls eight feet thick and covered with a\\nmatting of canes, in which they keep up a perpetual fire.\\nDe Soto found the houses of the chiefs built on mounds of differ-\\nent heights, according to their rank, and their villages fortified with\\npalisades, or walls of earth, with gateways to go in and out.\\nWhen Gravier, in 1700, visited the Yazoos, he noticed that their\\ntemple was raised on a mound of earth. !j He also, in speaking of\\nthe Ohio, states that it is called by the Illinois and Oumiamis the\\nriver of the Akansea, because the Akansea formerly dwelt on it.\\nThe Akansea or Arkansas Indians possessed many traits and cus-\\ntoms in common with the Natchez, having temples, pottery, etc.\\nA still more important fact is noticed by Du Pratz, who was inti-\\nmately acquainted with the Great Sun. He says: The temple is\\nabout thirty feet square, and stands on an artificial mound about\\neight feet high, by the side of a small river. The mound slopes\\ninsensibly from the main front, which is northward, but on the other\\nsides it is somewhat steeper.\\nAccording to their own traditions, the Natchez were at one\\nManuscript Kankakee Surveys, conducted by Dan W. Beckwith, deputy govern-\\nment surveyor, in 1834. Major Beckwith was intimately acquainted with the Potta-\\nwatoimes of the Kankakee, whose villages were in the neighborhood, and without\\ndoubt the account of these mounds incorporated in his Field Notes was communicated\\nto him by them.\\nt The chiefs of the Natches were so called because they were supposed to be the\\ndirect descendants of a man and woman, who, descending from the sun, were the first\\nrulers of this people.\\nX Annals of Louisiana: Historical Collections of Louisiana and Florida, new series,\\npp. 94, 95.\\nAccount by the Gentleman of Elvas.\\nI Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi, p. 136.\\nH Idem, p. 120.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "186 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntime the most powerful nation in all North America, and were\\nlooked upon by the other nations as their superiors, and were, on\\nthat account, respected by them. Their territory extended from\\nthe River Iberville, in Louisiana, to the Wabash. 1 They had over\\nfive hundred suns, and, consequently, nearly that many villages.\\nTheir decline and retreat to the south was owing not to the superi-\\nority in arms of the less civilized surrounding tribes, but was due to\\nthe pride of their own chiefs, who, to lend an imposing magnificence\\nto their funeral rites, adopted the impolitic custom of having hun-\\ndreds of their followers strangled at their pyre. Many of the\\nmounds, scattered up and down valleys of the Wabash, Ohio and\\nMississippi, while being the only, may be the time-defying monu-\\nments of the departed power and grandeur of these two tribes.\\nThe Indian manner of making a fire is thus related by Hennepin\\nTheir way of making a fire, which is new and unknown to us, is\\nthus they take a triangular piece of cedar wood of a foot and a half\\nin length, wherein they bore some holes half through then they\\ntake a switch, or another small piece of hard wood, and with both\\ntheir hands rub the strongest upon the weakest in the hole, which is\\nmade in the cedar, and while they are thus rubbing they let fall a\\nsort of dust or powder, which turns into fire. This white dust they\\nroll up in a pellet of herbs, dried in autumn, and rubbing them all\\ntogether, and then blowing upon the dust that is in the pellets, the\\nfire kindles in a moment.\\nThe food of the Indians consisted of all the varieties of game,\\nfishes and wild fruits in the vicinity and they cultivated Indian\\ncorn, melons and squashes. From corn they made a preparation\\ncalled sagamite. They pulverized the corn, mixed it with water,\\nand added a small proportion of ground gourds or beans.\\nThe clothing of the northern Indians consisted only of the skins\\nof wild animals, roughly prepared for that purpose. Their southern\\nbrethren were far in advance of them in this respect. Many of the\\nwomen wore cloaks of the bark of the mulberry tree, or of the\\nfeathers of swans, turkies or Indian ducks. The bark they take from\\nyoung mulberry shoots that rise from the roots of trees that have\\nbeen cut down. After it is dried in the sun they beat it to make all\\nthe woody parts fall off, and they give the threads that remain a\\nsecond beating, after which they bleach them by exposing them to\\nthe tlew. When they are well whitened they spin them about the\\ncoarseness of pack-thread, and weave them in the following manner:\\nDu Pratz History of Louisiana, vol. 2, p. 14G. f Ibid, vol. 2. p. 103.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "THEIR CANOES. 187\\nThey plant two stakes in the ground about a yard and a half asunder,\\nand having stretched a cord from the one to the other, they fasten\\ntheir threads of bark double to this cord, and then interweave them\\nin a curious manner into a cloak of about a yard square, with a\\nwrought border round the edges. 11\\nThe Indians had three varieties of canoes, elm-bark, birch-bark\\nand pirogues. Canoes of elm-bark were not used for long voyages,\\nas they were very frail. When the Indians wish to make a canoe\\nof elm-bark they select the trunk of a tree which is very smooth, at\\nthe time when the sap remains. They cut it around, above and\\nbelow, about ten, twelve or fifteen feet apart, according to the num-\\nber of people which it is to carry. After having taken off the whole\\nin one piece, they shave off the roughest of the bark, which they\\nmake the inside of the canoe. They make end ties of the thickness\\nof a finger, and of sufficient length for the canoe, using young oak\\nor any other flexible and strong wood, and fasten the two larger\\nfolds of the bark between these strips, spreading them apart with\\nwooden bows, which are. fastened in about two feet apart. They sew\\nup the two ends of the bark with strips drawn from. the inner bark\\nof the elm, giving attention to raise up a little the two extremities,\\nwhich they call pinces, making a swell in the middle and a curve on\\nthe sides, to resist the wind. If there are any chinks, they sew them\\ntogether with thongs and cover them with chewing-gum, which they\\ncrowd by heating it with a coal of fire. The bark is fastened to the\\nwooden bows by wooden thongs. They add a mast, made of a piece\\nof wood and cross-piece to serve as a yard, and their blankets serve\\nthem as sails. These canoes will carry from three to nine persons\\nand all their equipage. They sit upon their heels, without moving,\\nas do also their children, when they are in, from fear of losing their\\nbalance, when the whole machine would upset. But this very seldom\\nhappened, unless struck by a flaw of wind. They use these vessels\\nparticularly in their war parties.\\nThe canoes made of birch bark were much more solid and more\\nartistically constructed. The frames of these canoes are made of\\nstrips of cedar wood, which is very flexible, and which they render\\nas thin as a side of a sword-scabbard, and three or four inches wide.\\nThey all touch one another, and come up to a point between the\\ntwo end strips. This frame is covered with the bark of the birch tree,\\nsewed together like skins, secured between the end strips and tied\\nDu Pratz, vol. 2, p. 231; also, Gravier s Voyage, p. 134. The aboriginal method of\\nprocuring thread to sew together their garments made of skins has already been no-\\nticed in the description of the manners and customs of the Illinois.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nalong the ribs with the inner bark of the roots of the cedar, as we\\ntwist willows around the hoops of a cask. All these seams are cov-\\nered with gum,* as is done with canoes of elm bark. They then\\nput in cross-bars to hold it and to serve as seats, and a long pole,\\nwhich they lay on from fore to aft in rough weather to prevent it\\nfrom being broken by the shocks occasioned by pitching. They\\nhave with them three, six, twelve and even twenty-four places, which\\nare designated as so many seats. The French are almost the only\\npeople who use these canoes for their long voyages. They will carry\\nas much as three thousand pounds. f These were vessels in which\\nthe fur trade of the entire northwest has been carried on for so many\\nyears. They were very light, four men being able to carry the\\nlargest of them over portages. At night they were unloaded, drawn\\nupon the shore, turned over and served the savages or traders as\\nhuts. They could endure gales of wind that would play havoc with\\nvessels of European manufacture. In calm water, the canoe men,\\nin a sitting posture, used paddles in stemming currents, rising from\\ntheir seats, they substituted poles for paddles, and in shooting\\nrapids, they rested on their knees.\\nPirogues were the trunks of trees hollowed out and pointed at\\nthe extremities. A fire was started on the trunk, out of which the\\npirogue was to be constructed. The fire was kept within the desired\\nlimits by the dripping of water upon the edges of the trunk. As a\\npart became charred, it was dug out with stone hatchets and the tire\\nrekindled. This kind of canoes was especially adapted for the navi-\\ngation of the Mississippi and Missouri the current of these streams\\ncarrying down trees, which formed snags, rendered their navigation\\nby bark canoes exceedingly hazardous. It was probably owing to\\nthis reason, as well as because there were no birch trees in their\\ncountry, that the Illinois and Miamis were not, as the Jesuits re-\\nmarked, canoe nations; they used the awkward, heavy pirogue\\ninstead.\\nEach nation was divided into villages. The Indian village, when\\nunfortified, had its cabins scattered along the banks of a river or the\\nThe small roots of the spruce tree afford the irattap with which the bark is\\nsewed, and the gum of the pine tree supplies the place of tar and oakum. Bark, some\\nspare wattap and gum are always carried in each canoe, for the repairs which fre-\\nquently become necessary. Vide Henry s Travels, p. 14.\\nt The above extracts are taken from the Memoir Upon the Late War in North Amer-\\nica Between the French and English, 1755-1760, by M. Pouchot; translated and edited\\nby Franklin Hough, vol. 2, pp. 216, 217, 218. Pouchot was the commandant at Fort\\nNiagara at the time of its surrender to the English. He was exceedingly well versed\\nin all that pertained to Indian manners and customs, and his work received the indorse-\\nment of Marquis Vaudreuil, Governor of Canada. Of the translation, there were only\\ntwo hundred copies printed.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "WIGWAMS. 189\\nshores of a lake, and often extended for three or four miles. Each\\ncabin held the head of the family, the children, grandchildren, and\\noften the brothers and sisters, so that a single cabin not unfrequently\\ncontained as many as sixty persons. Some of their cabins were in\\nthe form of elongated squares, of which the sides were not more\\nthan five or six feet high. They were made of bark, and the roof\\nwas prepared from the same material, having an opening in the top\\nfor the passage of smoke. At both ends of the cabin there were\\nentrances. The fire was built under the hole in the roof, and there\\nwere as many fires as there were families.\\nThe beds were upon planks on the floor of the cabin, or upon\\nsimple hides, which they called appic/timov, placed along the parti-\\ntions. They slept upon these skins, wrapped in their blankets,\\nwhich, during the day, served them for clothing. Each one had\\nhis particular place. The man and wife crouched together, her\\nback being against his body, their blankets passed around their\\nheads and feet, so that they looked like a plate of ducks. These\\nbark cabins were used by the Iroquois, and, indeed, by many Indian\\ntribes who lived exclusively in the forests.\\nThe prairie Indians, who were unable to procure bark, generally\\nmade mats out of platted reeds or flags, and placed these niats around\\nthree or four poles tied together at the ends. They were, in form,\\nround, and terminated in a cone. These mats were sewed together\\nwith so much skill that, when new, the rain could not penetrate\\nthem. This variety of cabins possessed the great advantage that,\\nwhen they moved their place of residence, the mats of reeds were\\nrolled up and carried along by the squaws. f\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The mistiness of these cabins alone, and that infection which\\nwas a necessary consequence of it, would have been to any one but\\nan Indian a severe punishment. Having no windows, they were full\\nof smoke, and in cold weather they were crowded with dogs. The\\nIndians never changed their garments until they fell off by their\\nvery rottenness. Being never washed, they were fairly alive with\\nvermin. In summer the savages bathed every day, but immediately\\nafterward rubbed themselves with oil and grease of a very rank\\nsmell. In winter they remained unwashed, and it was impossible\\nto enter their cabins without being poisoned with the stench.\\nAll their food was very ill-seasoned and insipid, and there pre-\\nvailed in all their repasts an uncleanliness which passed all concep-\\nExtract from Pouchot s Memoirs, pp. 185. 186.\\nt Letter of Father Marest, Kip s Jesuit Missions, p. 199.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "190 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntion. There were very few animals which did not feed cleaner.\\nThey never washed their wooden or bark dishes, nor their porringers\\nand spoons. t In this connection William Biggs states: They:}:\\nplucked off a few of the largest feathers, then threw the duck,\\nfeathers, entrails and all, into the soup-kettle, and cooked it in that\\nmanner.\\nThe Indians were cannibals, though human flesh was only eaten\\nat war feasts. It was often the case that after a prisoner had been\\ntortured his body was thrown into the war-kettle, 1 and his remains\\ngreedily devoured. This fact is uniformly asserted by the early\\nFrench writers. Members of Major Long s party made especial\\ninquiries at Fort Wayne concerning this subject, and were entirely\\nconvinced. They met persons who had attended the feasts, and saw\\nIndians who acknowledged that they had participated in them.\\nJoseph Barron saw the Pottawatomies with hands and limbs, both\\nof white men and Cherokees, which they were about to devour.\\nAmong some tribes cannibalism was universal, but it appears that\\namong the Pottawatomies and Miamis it was restricted to a frater-\\nnity whose privilege and duty it was on all occasions to eat of the\\nenemy s flesh; at least one individual must be eaten. The flesh\\nwas sometimes dried and taken to the villages.\\nThe Indians had some peculiar funeral customs. Joutel thus\\nrecords some of his observations: They pay a respect to their\\ndead, as appears by their special care of burying them, and even of\\nputting into lofty coffins the bodies of such as are considerable\\namong them, as their chiefs and others, which is also practiced\\namong the Accanceas, but they. differ in this respect, that the Accan-\\nceas weep and make their complaints for some days, whereas the\\nShawnees and other people of the Illinois nation do just the con-\\ntrary, for when any of them die they wrap them up in skins and\\nthen put them into coffins made of the bark of trees, then sing and\\ndance about them for twenty-tour hours. Those dancers take care\\nto tie calabashes, or gourds, about their bodies, with some Indian\\ncorn in them, to rattle and make a noise, and some of them have a\\ndrum, made of a great earthen j ot, on which they extend a wild\\ngoat s skin, and beat thereon with one stick, like our tabors. During\\nthat rejoicing they threw their presents on the coffin, as bracelets,\\nCharlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, pp. 132, 133.\\nfFor a full account of their lack of neatness in the culinary department, vide Hen-\\nnepin, vol. 2, p. 120.\\nThe Kickapoos.\\nNarrative of William Biggs, p. 9.\\nLong s Expedition to the sources of the St. Peters, vol. 1, pp. 103-106.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "BURIAL CEREMONIES. 191\\npendants or pieces of earthenware. When the ceremony was over\\nthey buried the body, with a part of the presents, making choice of\\nsuch as may be most proper for it. They also bury with it some\\nstore of Indian wheat, with a jwt to boil it in, for fear the dead per-\\nson should be hungry on his long journey, and they repeat the cere-\\nmony at the year s end. A good number of presents still remaining,\\nthey divide them into several lots and play at a game called the stick\\nto give them to the winner.\\nThe Indian graves were made of a large size, and the whole of\\nthe inside lined with bark. On the bark was laid the corpse, accom-\\npanied with axes, snow-shoes, kettle, common shoes, and, if a wo-\\nman, carrying-belts and paddles.\\nThis was covered with bark, and at about two feet nearer the\\nsurface, logs were laid across, and these again covered with bark, so\\nthat the earth might by no means fall upon the corpse. If the\\ndeceased, before his death, had so expressed his wish, a tree was\\nhollowed out and the corpse deposited within. After the body had\\nbecome entirely decomposed, the bones were often collected and\\nburied in the earth. Many of these wooden sepulchres were dis-\\ncovered by the early settlers in Iroquois county, Illinois. Doubt-\\nless they were the remains of Pottawatomies, who at that time re-\\nsided there.\\nAfter a death they took care to visit every place near their cabins,\\nstriking incessantly with rods and raising the most hideous cries, in\\norder to drive the souls to a distance, and to keep them from lurk-\\ning about their cabins.\\nThe Indians believed that every animal contained a Manitou or\\nGod, and that these spirits could exert over them a beneficial r\\nprejudicial influence. The rattlesnake was especially venerated by\\nthem. Henry relates an instance of this veneration. He saw a\\nsnake, and procured his gun, with the intention of dispatching it.\\nThe Indians begged him to desist, and, with their pipes and to-\\nbacco-pouches in their hands, approached the snake. They sur-\\nrounded it. all addressing it by turns and calling it their grand-\\nfather, but yet kept at some distance. During this part of the cer-\\nemony, they filled their pipes, and each blew the smoke toward the\\nsnake, which, as it appeared to me, really received it with pleasure.\\nIn a word, after remaining coiled and receiving incense for the space\\nof half an hour, it stretched itself along the ground in visible good\\nJoutel s Journal: Historical Collections of Louisiana, vol. 1. pp. 187, 188.\\nt Extract from Henry s Travels, p. 150.\\nCharlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 154.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nhumor. The Indians followed it, and, still addressing it by the\\ntitle of grandfather, beseeched it to take care of their families dur-\\ning their absence, and also to open the hearts of the English, that\\nthat they might till their (the Indians canoes with ruin.* This\\nreverence of the Indians for the rattlesnake will account for the vast\\nnumber of these reptiles met with by early settlers in localities fa-\\nvorable for their increase and security. The clefts in the rocky\\ncliffs below Niagara Falls were so infested with rattlesnakes that\\nthe Indians removed their village to a place of greater security.\\nThe Indians had several games, some of which have been already\\nnoticed. McCoy mentions a singular occurrence of this nature A\\nMiami Indian had been stabbed with a knife, who lingered, and of\\nwhose recovery there was doubt. On the 12th of May a party re-\\nsolved to decide by a game of moccasin whether the man should live\\nor die. In this game the party seat themselves upon the earth\\nopposite to each other, while one holds a moccasin on the ground\\nwith one hand, and holds in the other a small ball the ball he\\naffects to conceal in the moccasin, and does either insert it or not, as\\nhe shall choose, and then leaves the opposite party to guess where\\nthe ball is. In order to deceive his antagonist, he incessantly utters\\na kind of a sing-song, which is repeated about thrice in a minute,\\nand moving his hands in unison with the notes, brings one of them,\\nat every repetition, to the mouth of the moccasin, as though he had\\nthat moment inserted the ball. One party played for the wounded\\nman s recovery and the other for his death Two games were\\nplayed, in both of which the side for recovery was triumphant, and\\nso they concluded the man would not die of his wounds.\\nThe Indians had a most excellent knowledge of the topography\\nof their country, and they drew the most exact maps of the coun-\\ntries they were acquainted with. They set down the true north\\naccording to the polar star the ports, harbors, rivers, creeks, and\\ncoasts of the lakes roads, mountains, woods, marshes and meadows.\\nThey counted the distances by journeys and half-journeys, allowing\\nto every journey five leagues. These maps were drawn upon birch\\nbark.:}: Previous to General Brock s crossing over to Detroit, he\\nasked Tecumseh what sort of a country he should have to pass\\nthrough in case of his preceding farther. Tecumseh took a roll of\\nelm bark, and extending it on the ground, by means of four stones,\\ndrew forth his scalping knife, and, with the point, etched upon the\\nAlexander Henry s Travels, p. 176.\\nt Baptist Missions, p. 98.\\niLaHontan, vol. 2, p. 13.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "MARRIAGE AND RELIGION. 193\\nbark a plan of the country, its hills, woods, rivers, morasses, a plan\\nwhich, if not as neat, was fully as accurate as if it had been made\\nby a professional map-maker.*\\nIn marriage, they had no ceremony worth mentioning, the man\\nand the woman agreeing that for so many bucks, beaver hides, or,\\nin short, any valuables, she should be his wife. Of all the passions,\\nthe Indians were least influenced by love. Some authors claim that\\nit had no existence, excepting, of course, mere lust, which is pos-\\nsessed by all animals. By women, beauty was commonly no mo-\\ntive to marriage, the only inducement being the reward which she\\nreceived. It was said that the women were purchased by the night,\\nweek, month or winter, so that they depended on fornication for a\\nliving nor was it thought either a crime or shame, none being\\nesteemed as prostitutes but such as were licentious without a re-\\nward, f Polygamy was common, but was seldom practiced except\\nby the chiefs. On the smallest offense husband and wife parted,\\nshe taking the domestic utensils and the children of her sex. Chil-\\ndren formed the only bond of affection between the two sexes and\\nof them, to the credit of the Indian be it said, they were very fond.\\nThey never chastised them, the only punishment being to dash, by\\nthe hand, water into the face of the refractory child. Joutel noticed\\nthis method of correction among the Illinois, and nearly a hundred\\nyears later Jones mentions the same custom as existing among the\\nShawnees.\\nThe Algonquin tribes, differing in this respect from the southern\\nIndians, had no especial religion. They believed in good and bad\\nspirits, and thought it was only necessary to appease the wicked\\nspirits, for the good ones were all right anyway. These bad\\nspirits were thought to occupy the bodies of animals, fishes and rep-\\ntiles, to dwell in high mountains, gloomy caverns, dangerous whirl-\\npools, and all large bodies of water. This will account for the\\nofferings of tobacco and other valuables which they made when\\npassing such places. No ideas of morals or metaphysics ever en-\\ntered the head of the Indians they believed what was told them\\nupon those subjects, without having more than a vague impression\\nof their meaning. Some of the Canadian Indians, in all sincerity,\\ncompared the Holy Trinity to a piece of pork. There they found\\nthe lean meat, the fat and the rind, three distinct parts that form\\nJames 1 Military Occurrences in the Late War Between Great Britain and the\\nUnited States, vol. 1, pp. 291, 292.\\nJournal of Two Visits made to Some Nations West of the Ohio, by the Rev.\\nDavid Jones: Sabin s reprint, p. 75.\\nt Idem.\\n13", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthe same piece. Their ideas of heaven was a place full of sen-\\nsual enjoyments, and free from physical pains. Indeed, it is doubt-\\nful if, before their mythology was changed by the partial adoption\\nof some of the doctrines of Christianity, they had any idea of spir-\\nitual reward or punishment.\\nWampum, prior to and many years subsequent to the advent of\\nthe Europeans, was the circulating medium among the North Ameri-\\ncan Indians. It is made out of a marine shell, or periwinkle, some\\nof which are white, others violet, verging toward black. They are\\nperforated in the direction of the greater diameter, and are worked\\ninto two forms, strings and belts. The strings consist of cylinders\\nstrung without any order, one after another, on to a thread. The\\nbelts are wide sashes in which the white and purple beads are\\narranged in rows and tied by little leathern strings, making a very\\npretty tissue. Wampum belts are used in state affairs, and their\\nlength, width and color are in proportion to the importance of the\\naffair being negotiated. They are wrought, sometimes, into figures\\nof considerable beauty.\\nThese belts and strings of wampum are the universal agent with\\nthe Indians, not only as money, jewelry or ornaments, but as annals\\nand for registers to perpetuate treaties and compacts between indi-\\nviduals and nations. They are the inviolable and sacred pledges\\nwhich guarantee messages, promises and treaties. As writing is\\nnot in use among them, they make a local memoir by means of\\nthese belts, each of which signify a particular affair or a circum-\\nstance relating to it. The village chiefs are the custodians, and com-\\nmunicate the affairs they perpetuate to the young people, who thus\\nlearn the history, treaties and engagements of their nation. Belts\\nare classified as message, road, peace or war belts. White signifies\\npeace, as black does war. The color therefore at once indicates the\\nintention of the person or tribe who sends or accepts a belt. So\\ngeneral was the importance of the belt, that the French and English,\\nand the Americans, even down as late as the treaty of Greenville,\\nin 1795, used it in treating with the Indians.;}:\\nPouchot s Memoir, vol. 2, p. 223.\\nt The account given above is taken from a note of the editor of the documents\\nrelative to the Colonial History of New York, etc., vol. 9. Paris Documents, p. 556.\\nThe explanation here given will assist the reader to an understanding of the\\ngrave significance attached to the giving or receiving of belts so frequently referred to\\nin the course of this work.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIX.\\nSTONE IMPLEMENTS.\\nThe stone implements illustrated in this chapter are introduced\\nas specimens of workmanship of the comparatively modern Indians,\\nwho lived and hunted in the localities where the specimens were\\nfound. The author is aware that similar implements have been\\nillustrated and described in works which relate to an exclusively\\nprehistoric race. Without entering into a discussion concerning the\\nso-called Mound Builders, that being a subject foreign to the\\nscope of this work, it may be stated that some theorists have placed\\nthe epoch of the prehistoric race quite too far within the bounda-\\nries of well-established historical mention, and have assigned to the\\nMound Builders remains and relics which were undoubtedly the\\nhandiwork of the modern American Indians.*\\nIndeed many of the stone implements, also much of the pottery,\\nand many of the so-called ancient mounds and excavations as well,\\nfound throughout the west, may be accounted for without going\\nI eyond the era of the Xorth American Indian in quest of an explana-\\ntion. It is not at all intended here to question the fact of the exist-\\nence of the prehistoric race, or to deny that they have left more or\\nless of their remains, but the line of demarkation between that race\\nMr. H. N. Rust, of Chicago, in his extensive collection, has many implements\\nsimilar to those attributed to prehistoric man, which he obtained from the Sioux Indi-\\nans of northwestern Dakota, with whom they were in daily use. Among his samples\\nare large stone hammers with a groove around the head, and the handles nicely at-\\ntached. The round stone, with flattened sides, generally regarded as a relic of a lost\\nrace, he found at the door of the lodges of the Sioux, with the little stone hammer,\\nhooded with rawhide, to which the handle was fastened, with which bones, nuts and\\nother hard substances were broken by the squaws or children as occasion required.\\nThe appearance of the larger disc, and the well-worn face of the hammer, indicate\\ntheir long and constant use by this people. The round, egg-shaped stone, illustrated\\nby Fig. 9, supposed to belong to the prehistoric age, Mr. Rust found in common use\\namong this tribe. The manner of fastening the handle is illustrated in the cuts. Figs.\\n9 and 36. The writer is indebted to Mr. Rust for favors conferred in the loan of imple-\\nments credited to his collection, as well, also, for his valuable aid in preparing the\\nillustrated portion of this chapter. The other implements illustrated were selected\\nfrom W. C. Beckwith s collection. The Indians informed Mr. Rust that these clubs\\n(Figs. 8 and 9) were used to kill buffalo, or other animals that had been wounded; as\\nimplements of offense and defense in personal encounters as a walking-stick (the\\nstone being used as a handle) by the dandies of the tribe; and they were carried as a\\nmace or badge of authority in the rites and ceremonies of the societies established\\namong these Indians, which were similar in some respects to our fraternities.\\n105", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand the modern Indian cannot be traced with satisfaction until after\\nlarge collections of the remains of both races shall have been secured\\nand critically compared under all the light which a careful examina-\\ntion of historical records will shed upon this new and interesting\\nfield of inquiry.\\nStone implements are by no means peculiar to North America;\\nthey have been found all over the inhabitable world. EurojDe is\\nespecially prolific in such remains. While the material of which they\\nare made varies according to the geological resources of the several\\ncountries in which they are found, there is a striking similarity in\\nthe shape, size and form of them all. At the present time like\\nimplements are in use among some of the South Sea Islanders, and\\nby a few tribes of North American Indians living in remote sections,\\nand enjojdng but a limited intercourse with the enlightened world.\\nThe stone age marks an important epoch in the progress of races\\nof men from the early stages of their existence toward a higher civ-\\nilization. After they had passed the stone age, and learned how to\\nmanipulate iron and other metals, their advance, as a general rule,\\nhas been more rapid.\\nThe implements here illustrated are specimens of some of the\\nmore prominent types of the vast number which have been found\\nthroughout the valleys of the Maumee, Wabash and Illinois Rivers,\\nand the sections of country drained by their tributaries. They are\\npicked up about the sites of old Indian villages, in localities where\\ngame was pursued, on the hillsides and in the ravines where they\\nhave become exposed by the rains, and in the furrows turned up by\\nthe plowshare. They are the remains of the early occupants of the\\nterritory we have described, testimonials alike of their necessities\\nand their ingenuity, and were used by them until an acquaintance\\nwith the Europeans supplied them with weapons and utensils formed\\nout of metals.\\nIt will be observed from extracts found in the preceding chapter\\nthat our Indians made and used implements of copper and stone,\\nmanufactured pottery, some of which was glazed, wove cloth of fiber\\nand also of wool, erected fortifications of wooden palisades, or of\\npalisades and earth combined, to protect their villages from their\\nenemies, excavated holes in the ground, which were used for defen-\\nIt may be well to state in this connection that the implements illustrated in this\\nwork, except the handled club, Figs. 9 and 36, were not found in mounds or in their\\nvicinity, but werejgathered upon or in the immediate neighborhood of places known to\\nthe early settlers as the sites of Piankeshaw, Miami, Pottawatomie and Kickapoo vil-\\nlages, and in the same localities where have been found red-stone pipes of Indian make,\\nknives, hatchets, gun-barrels, buckles, flints for old-fashioned fusees, brooches, wrist-\\nbands, kettles, and other articles of European manufacture.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "STONE IMPLEMENTS.\\n197\\ngive purposes, and erected mounds of earth, some of which were\\nused for religious rites, and others as depositories for their dead.\\nAll these facts are well attested by early Spanish, French and Amer-\\nican authors, who have recorded their observations while passing\\nthrough the country. We have also seen in previous chapters that\\nour red men cultivated corn and other products of the soil, and\\nwere as much an agricultural people as is claimed for the Mound\\nBuilders.\\nThe specimens marked Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are samples of a lot of\\none hundred and sixteen pieces, found in 1878 in a pocket on\\nWm. Pogue s farm, a few miles southeast of Rossville, Vermilion\\nFig. 1=^.\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nVermilion county. 111. Vermilion county, 111.\\ncounty, Illinois. Mr. Pogue had cleared off a piece of ground for-\\nmerly prairie, on which a growth of jack oak trees and underbrush\\nhad encroached since the early settlement of the county. This land\\nhad never been cultivated, and as it was being broken up, the plow-\\nshare ran into the nest, and turned the implements to view.\\nThey were closely packed together, and buried about eight inches\\nbelow the natural surface of the ground, which was level with the\\nother parts of the field, and had no appearance of a mound, excava-\\ntion, or any other artificial disturbance. Two of the implements,\\njudging from their eroded fractures, were broken at the time they", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "198\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwere deposited, and one other was broken in two by the plow. The\\nmaterial of which they are composed is white chert. The samples\\nillustrated are taken as an average, in size and shape, of the whole\\nlot, the largest of which is 3f inches wide by 7 inches long, and the\\nsmallest 2 inches wide by nearly 4 inches in length. Some of them\\nare nearly oval, others long and pointed at both ends, in others the\\nshoulders 1 are well denned, while, for the most part, they are\\nbroadly rounded at one end and pointed at the other. They are all\\nin the rough, and no finished implement was found with or near them.\\nIndeed the whole lot are apparently in an unfinished condition.\\nWith very little dressing they could be fashioned into perfect im-\\nplements, such as the neshers, scrapers, knives, spear\\nand arrow heads described farther on. There are no quarries or\\ndeposits of flint of the kind known to exist within many miles of\\nthe locality where these implements were found. We can only con-\\njecture the uses for which they were designed. We can imagine the\\nowner to have been a merchant or trader, who had dressed them\\ndown or procured them at the quarries in this condition, so they\\nwould be lighter to carry to the tribes on the prairies, where they\\ncould be perfected to suit the taste of the purchaser. We might\\nfurther imagine that the implement merchant, threatened with some\\napproaching danger, hid them where they were afterward found, and\\nnever returned. The eroded appearance of many of the find\\nbear witness that the lot were buried a great many years ago.*\\nFig. 4 is an axe and hammer combined.\\nThe material is a fine-grained granite. The\\nhandle is attached with thongs of rawhide-\\npassed around the groove, or with a split stick\\nor forked branch wythed around, and either\\nkind of fastening could be tightened by driv-\\ning a wedge between the attachment and the\\nsurface of the implement, which on the back\\nis slightly concaved to hold the wedge in\\nplace.\\nFigs. 5, 6 and 7 are also axes; material,\\ndark\\np opular\\nfleshers, and were used in skinning animals, cutting up the flesh,\\nFig. 4\\nHeretofore it has been the\\nopinion that these instruments are\\ngranite\\nVermilion county, Til.\\n*The writer has divided the lot, sending samples to the Historical Societies of\\nWisconsin and Chicago, and placed others in the collections of H. N. Rust, of Chicago;\\nProf. John Collett, of Indianapolis; Prof. A. H. Worthen, Springfield, Illinois; Jose-\\nphus Collett, of Terre Haute, while the others remain in the collection of W. C. Beck-\\nwith, at Danville, Illinois.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "STONE IMPLEMENTS.\\n199\\nand for scraping hides when preparing them for tanning. The re-\\ncent discoveries of remains of the ancient Lake Dwellers, of\\nSwitzerland, have resulted in finding similar implements attached to\\nhandles, making them a very formidable battle-axe.\\nFig. 5=U\\nFig. 6=y 2\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nVermilion co., 111. (H. N. Rust s Collection.)\\nFrom the implements obtained by Mr. Rust of the Sioux it can\\nreadily be seen how implements like Fig. 6, although tapering\\nfrom the bit to the top, could be attached to handles by means of a\\nrawhide band. Before fastening on the handle the rawhide would\\nbe soaked in water, and on drying would tighten to the roughened\\nsurface of the stone with a secure grip. A blow given with the cut-\\nting edge of this implement would tend to wedge it the more firmly\\ninto the handle.\\n*In the Fifth Annual Report of the .Regents of the University of New York\\n(Albany. 1852. page 105), Mr. L. H. Morgan illustrates the ga-ne-a-ga-o-dus-ha, or war\\nclub, used by the Iroquois at the period of their discovery. The helve is a crooked\\npiece of wood, with a chisel-shaped bit formed out of deer s horn shaped like Fig.\\nNo. 7, on the next page inserted at the elbow, near the larger end; and in many\\nrespects it resembles the clubs illustrated in Plate X, vol. 2, of Dr. Keller s work on\\nthe Lake Dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe. Mr. Morgan remarks\\nthat in later times apiece of steel was substituted for the deer horn, thus making\\nit a more deadly weapon than formerly. There is little doubt that the Indians\\nused such implements as Figs. 5, 6 and 1 for splitting wood and various other pur-\\nposes. The fact of their being used for splitting wood was mentioned by Father\\nCharlevoix over a hundred and fifty years ago, as appears from extracts on page 181 of\\nthis book, quoted from his Narrative Journal.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "200\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nFig. 7=M\\nFig. 1 is another style of axe. The mate-\\nrial out of which it is composed is greenstone,\\nadmitting of a fine polish. There would be no\\ndifficulty at all in shrinking a rawhide band to\\nits surface, and the somewhat polished condi-\\ntion of its sides above the bit would indi-\\ncate a long application of this kind of a fasten-\\ning. It could also be used as a chisel in exca-\\nvating the charred surface of wood that was\\nbeing fashioned into canoes, mortars for crack-\\ning corn, or in the construction of other domes-\\ntic utensils.\\nFig. 8 is a club or hammer, or both. Its\\nmaterial is dark quartz. Some varieties of this\\nimplement have a groove cut around the cen-\\nter, like Fig. 9. The manner of handling it in-\\nvolves the use of rawhide, and, with some, is\\nperformed substantially in the same manner as\\nin Figs. 5, 6 and T, except that the band of rawhide is broader,\\nand extends some distance on either side of the lesser diameter\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nFig. 8=}{.\\nFig. 36.\\nVermilion countv. Til.\\n(H. N. Rust s Collection.)\\nDakota.\\n(H. N. Rust s Collection.)\\nof the stone. In other instances they are secured in a hood of\\nrawdiide that envelops nearly the whole implement, leaving the\\npoint or one end of the stone slightly exposed, as in Fig. 36.\\nAir. Rust has in his collection a number of such implements, some of them\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0weighing several pounds, which, along with the ones illustrated, were obtained by him\\nifromthe Sioux of northwest Dakota, and which are hooded in the manner here\\ndescribed. Mr. Wm. Gurley, of Danville, Illinois, while in southwestern Colorado in\\n1876, saw many such clubs in use by the Ute Indians. They were entirely encased\\nin rawhide, having short handles. The handles were encased in the rawhide that\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2extended continuously, enveloping both the handle and the stone. The TJtes used these\\nin jlenients as hammers in crushing corn, etc., the rawhide covei ing of some being\\n\\\\~votk. through from long use, and exposing the stone.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "IMPLEMENTS FOR DESTRUCTIVE PURPOSES.\\n201\\nFig. 9 was obtained from the Sioux by Mr. Rust. The stone is\\n-composed of semi-transparent quartz. Its uses have already been\\ndescribed.\\nFig. 9.\\nNorthwest Dakota (H. N. Rust s Collection).\\nFig. 10\\nFigs. 10 and 11 were probably used as spear-heads, they are\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0certainly too large for arrow-heads, and too thick and roundish\\nto answer the purpose of knives. The\\nmaterial is white chert. The edges of Fig. 11=%.\\nboth these implements are spiral, the\\nwind of the opposite edges being\\nquite uniform. Whether this was owing\\nto the design of the maker or the twist\\nin the grain of the chert, from which\\nthey are made, is a conjecture at best.\\nFig. 12\\nVermilion\\ncounty, III.\\nVermilion county,\\n111.\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nFig. 12 was probably a spear or knife.\\nThe material is dark flint. A piece of\\nquartz is impacted in the upper half of\\nthe blade, the chipping through of which\\ndisplays the skill of the person who made\\nit. The shoulders of the implement are unequal, and the angle of\\nits edges are not uniform. It is flatter upon one side than upon\\nthe other. These irregularities would throw it out of balance, and\\nseemingly preclude its use as an arrow, while its strong shank and\\ndeep yokes above the shoulder would admit of its being firmly\\nsecured to a handle.\\nFig. 13 was probably intended for an arrow-head, and thrown\\naside because of a flaw on the surface opposite that shown in the cut.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "202\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nIt is introduced to illustrate the manner in which the work Fig. 13=^.\\nprogresses in making such implements. From an exam-\\nination it would appear that the outline of the implement\\nis first made. After this, one side is reduced to the re-\\nquired form. Then work on the opposite side begins, the\\npoint and edges being first reduced. The flakes are\\nchipped off from the edges upward toward the center of\\nand against the part of the stone to be cut away. In this\\nmanner the delicate point and completed edges are pre-\\nserved while the implement is being perfected, leaving the shoulders,\\nneck and shank the last to be finished.\\nFig. 14 is formed out of dark-colored, hard, fine-grained flint. Its\\nedges are a uniform spiral, making nearly a half-turn from shoulder\\nFig. 14=^\\nFig.15=^.\\nFig. 16=^.\\nmnion county, 111.\\nVermilion county, 111.\\n(H. N. Rust s Collection.)\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nto point. It is neatly balanced, and if used as an arrow-head its wind\\nor twist would, without doubt, give a rotary motion to the shaft in\\nits flight. It is very ingeniously made, and its delicately chipped\\nsurface shows that the man who made the implement intentionally\\ngave it the peculiar shape it possesses.\\nFig. 15 is made out of fine-grained blue flint. It is unusually long\\nin proportion to its breadth. Its edges are neatly beveled from a\\nline along its center, and are quite sharp. Its well defined shoulders\\nand head, with the yoke deeply cut between to hold the thong, would\\nindicate its use as an arrow-point.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "AKROW HEADS.\\n203\\nFig. 16 is a perfect implement, and its surfaces are smoother than\\nthe. observer might infer from the illustration. Its edges are very\\nsharp and smooth and parallel to the axis of the implement. Its\\nhead, unlike that of the other implements illustrated, is round and\\npointed, with cutting edges as carefully formed as any part of the\\nblade. It has no yoked neck in which to bury a thong or thready\\nand there seems to be no way of fastening it into a shaft or handle.\\nIt may be a perfect instrument without the addition of either. It is\\nmade out of blue flint.\\nARROW HEADS.\\nSeveral different forms of implements (commonly recognized as\\narrow heads) are illustrated, to show some of the more common of\\nthe many varieties found everywhere over the country. Fig. 17\\nhas uniformly slanting edges, sharp barbs and a strong shank. The\\nmaterial from which it is made is white chert. For shooting fish or\\nin pursuing game or an enemy, where it was intended that the im-\\nplement could not be easily withdrawn from the flesh in which it\\nmight, be driven, the prominent barbs would secure a firm hold.\\nFig. 18 is composed of blue flint its outline is more rounded\\nthan the preceding specimen, while a spiral form is given to its deli-\\ncate and sharp point.\\nFig. 18=}4.\\nFig. 20= i^.\\nFio. 19=}\u00c2\u00a3\\nVermilion county,\\n111.\\nVermilion\\ncounty, 111.\\nVermilion county,\\n111.\\nVermilion\\ncounty, 111.\\nFig. 19 is composed of white chert. Its surface is much smoother\\nthan the shadings in the cut would imply. Its shape is very much\\nlike a shield. Its barbs are prominent, and the instrument would\\nmake a wide incision in the body of an animal into which it might\\nbe forced.\\nFig. 20, like Fig. 17, has sharp and elongated barbs. It is fash-\\nioned out of white chert, and is a neat, smooth and well-balanced\\nimplement.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "204\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nFig. 21 i\\nFig. 21 is made from yellowish-brown quartz, semi-transparent\\nand inclined to be impure. The surfaces are oval from edge to\\nedge, while the edges themselves are beautifully serrated or notched,\\nas is shown in the cut. It is, perhaps, a sample of the finest work-\\nmanship illustrated in this chapter. Indeed, among\\nthe many collections which the writer has had oppor-\\ntunities to examine, he has never seen a specimen that\\nwas more skillfully made.\\nFig. 22 may be an arrow-point or a reamer. The\\nmaterial is white chert. Between the stem and the\\nnotches the implement is quite thick, tapering gradu-\\nally back to the head, giving great support to this part\\nof the implement.\\nFig. 23 is an arrow-point, or would be so regarded.\\nIts stem is roundish, and has a greater diameter than\\nthe cut would indicate to the eye. The material from\\nwhich it is formed is white chert.\\nVermilion\\ncounty, 111.\\nFig. 22= V 9\\nFig. 23= U\\nFig. 24= U\\nFig. 25=M-\\nVermilion co., 111. Vermilion co., 111. Vermilion co., 111.\\nVermilion co., 111.\\nFigs. 24 and 25 are specimens of the smaller variety of points\\nwith which arrows are tipped that are used in killing small game.\\nFig. 24 is made out of black trap-rock, and Fig. 25 out of flesh-\\ncolored flint.\\nFig. 26 is displayed on account of its peculiar form the under\\nsurface is nearly flat, and the other side has quite a ridge or spine\\nrunning the entire length from head to point. Besides this the head\\nFig. 26=3^.\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nand point turn upward, giving a uniform\\ncurve to the implement. If used as an\\narrow-point, the shaft, in consequence of\\nthe shape of the stone, would describe a\\ncurved line when shot from the bow. It\\nis made of white flint. No suggestions\\nare offered as to its probable uses.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "VARIETIES OF IMPLEMENTS FOR DOMESTIC USES.\\n205\\nIMPLEMENTS FOR DOMESTIC USES.\\nFig. 27 is a pestle or pounder. It is made out of common gran-\\nite. There are many different styles of this\\nimplement, some varieties are more conical,\\nwhile others are more bell-shaped than the\\none illustrated. They are used for crushing\\ncorn and other like purposes. The one illus-\\ntrated has a concave place near the center of\\nthe base this would the better adapt it to\\ncracking nuts, as the hollow space would\\nprotect the kernel from being too severely\\ncrushed. In connection with this stone, the\\nIndians sometimes used mortars, made either\\nof wood or stone, into which the articles\\nto be pulverized could be placed or the\\ncorn or beans could be done up in the folds Vermilion county, Illinois.\\nof a skin, or inclosed in a leathern bag, and H N Rust s collection.)\\nthen crushed by blows struck with either the head or rim of the\\npestle. The stone mortars were usually flat discs, slightly hollowed\\nout from the edges toward the center.\\nFig. 28 may be designated as a flesher or scraper. The specimen\\nillustrated is made of white flint. It is very\\nthin, considering the breadth and length of the\\nimplement, and has sharp cutting edges all the\\nway around. It might be used as a knife, as\\nwell as for a variety of other purposes. It is\\nan unusually smooth and highly finished tool.\\nIt and its mate, which is considerably broader,\\nand proportioned more like p IG 29=%.\\nFig. 29, were found sticking\\nperpendicular in the ground,\\nwith their points barely ex-\\nposed above the surface, on\\nthe farm of Wm. Foster, a\\nfew miles east of Danville,\\nIllinois. Both of them will\\nFig. 28=1\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nmake as clean a cut through\\nseveral folds of paper as the\\nblade of a good pocket-knife.\\nFig. 29 is composed of an impure purplish flint,\\nlike Fig. 28, and was probably used for similar purposes.\\nVermilion co., 111.\\nIt is very much", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "206\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nVermilion county, 111.\\nFig. 30= J^. Fig. 30, as the illustration shows, is rougher-\\nedged than the two preceding ones. The side\\nopposite the one shown has a more uneven sur-\\nface than the other. A smooth, well-defined\\ngroove runs across the implement (as shown by\\nthe dark shading) as though it were intended to\\nbe fastened to a helve, although the groove\\nwould afford good support for the thumb, if\\nthe implement were used only with the hand.\\nThe material is a coarse, impure, grayish flint.\\nFig. 31 might be said to combine the qualities of a qo_iv\\nknife, gimlet and bodkin. Its cutting edges extend all\\np IG 31 _i/ around, and along the stem the edges are\\nquite abrupt. The implement was origi-\\nnally much longer, but it appears to have\\nlost about an inch in length, its point hav-\\ning been broken off. The blade will cut\\ncloth or paper very readily. The mate-\\nrial is white flint.\\nFig. 32 may be classed with Fig. 31.\\nThe material is dark fine-grained flint, and\\nthe implement perfect. There is a per-\\nceptible wind to the edges of the stem,\\nwhile the edges of the head are parallel\\nwith the plane of the implement, and so\\nsharp that they will cut cloth, leather or\\npaper. It was probably used to bore holes\\nand cut out skins that were being manu-\\nfactured, into clothing and other articles.\\nFig. 33 may have been made for the same uses as\\nFigs. 31 and 32. The blade is shaped like a spade,\\nthe stem representing the handle. It tapers from\\nthe bit of the blade where the stem joins the\\nshoulder, which is the thickest part of the imple-\\nment, and from the shoulder it tapers to both ends.\\nThe bit is shaped like a gouge, and makes a circular\\nincision. It is a smooth piece of workmanship, made\\nVermilion _. x\\ncounty, 111. out ot white flint.\\nF\\nVermilion\\ncounty. 111.\\nFiG.33=^.\\nVermilion\\ncounty, 111.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "STONE IMPLEMENTS.\\n207\\nFig. 34 lias been designated as a rimmer. The Fig. 34= J\u00c2\u00a3\\nmaterial of which it is made is flesh-colored flint. The\\nstem is nearly round, and the implement could be used\\nfor piercing holes in leather or wood. Another use at-\\ntributed to it is for drilling holes in pipes, gorgets, discs\\nand other implements formed out of stone where the\\nmaterial was soft enough to admit of being perforated in\\nthis way.\\nFig. 35. By common consent this implement has\\nreceived the name of discoidal stone. The one illus-\\nFig 35=i/ trated is composed of fine dark-gray\\ngranite\\noffered\\nment,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nby the\\nsimilar\\nVermilion\\ncounty, 111.\\nSeveral theories have been\\nas to the uses of this imple-\\nVennilion county, 111. (H. N\\nCollection.)\\nRust 1\\none that they are quoits used\\nIndians in playing a game\\nto that of pitching horse-\\nshoes 11 that they were employed in\\nanother game resembling ten-pins,\\nin which the stone would be grasped\\non its concave side by the thumb and\\nsecond finger, while the fore-finger\\nrested on the outer edge, or rim, and\\nthat by a peculiar motion of the arm in hurling the stone it would\\ndescribe a convolute figure as it rolled along upon the ground. We\\nmay suggest that implements like this might be used as paint cups, as\\ntheir convex surface would enable the warrior to grind his pigments\\nand reduce them to powder, preparatory to decorating his person.\\nThe implements illustrated were, no doubt, put to many other\\nuses besides those suggested. As the pioneer would make his house,\\nfurniture, plow, ox yokes, and clear his land with his axe, so the\\nIndians, in the poverty of their supply, we may assume, were com-\\npelled to make a single tool serve as many purposes as their ingenu-\\nity could devise.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nTHE WAR FOR THE FUR TRADE.\\nFormerly the great Northwest abounded in game and water-fowl.\\nThe small lakes and lesser water-courses were full of beaver, otter\\nand muskrats. In the forests were found the marten, the raccoon,\\nand other fur-bearing animals. The plains, partially submerged,\\nand the rivers, whose current had a sluggish now, the shallow lakes,\\nproducing annual crops of wild rice, of nature s own sowing, teemed\\nwith wild geese, duck and other aquatic fowl bursting in their very\\nfatness.*\\nThe turkey, in his glossy feathers, strutted the forests, some of\\nthem being of prodigious size, weighing thirty-six pounds, f\\nThe shy deer and the lordly elk, crowned with outspreading horns,\\ngrazed upon the plain and in the open woods, while the solitary moose\\nbrowsed upon the buds in the thick copsewood that gave him food\\nand a hiding place as well. The fleet-footed antelope nibbled at the\\ntender grasses on the prairies, or bounded away over the ridges to\\nhide in the valleys beyond, from the approach of the stealthy wolf\\nor wily Indian. The belts of timber along the water-courses\\nThe plains and prairies (referring to the country on either side of the Illinois\\nRiver) are all covered with buffaloes, roebucks, hinds, stags, and different kind of fallow\\ndeer. The feathered game is also here in the greatest abundance. We find, particu-\\nlarly, quantities of swan, geese and ducks. The wild oats, which grow naturally on\\nthe plains, fatten them to such a degree that they often die from being smothered in\\ntheir own grease. Father Marest s letter, written in 1712. We have already seen,\\nfrom a description given on page 103, that water-fowl were equally abundant upon the\\nMaumee.\\nf In a letter of Father Rasles, dated October 12, 1723, there is a fine description of\\nthe game found in the Illinois country. It reads: Of all the nations of Canada, there\\nare none who live in so great abundance of everything as the Illinois. Their rivers\\nare covered with swans, bustards, ducks and teals. One can scarcely travel a league\\nwithout finding a prodigious multitude of turkeys, who keep together in flocks, often\\nto the number of two hundred. They are much larger than those we see in France.\\nI had the curiosity to weigh one, which I found to be thirty-six pounds. They have\\nhanging from the neck a kind of tuft of hair half a foot in length.\\nBears and stags are found there in very great numbers, and buffaloes and roebucks\\nare also seen in vast herds. Not a year passes but they (the Indians) kill more than a\\nthousand roebucks and more than two thousand buffaloes. From four to five thousand of\\nthe latter can often be seen at one view grazing on the prairies. They have a hump on\\nthe back and an exceedingly large head. The hair, except that on the head, is curled\\nand soft as wool. The flesh has naturally a salt taste, and is so light that, although\\neaten entirely raw, it does not cause the least indigestion. When they have killed a\\nbuffalo, which appears to them too lean, they content themselves with taking the-\\ntongue, and going in search of one which is fatter. Vide Kip s Jesuit Missions, pp.\\n38, 39.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "the hunter s paradise. 209\\nafforded lodgment for the bear, and were the trellises that supported\\nthe tangled wild grapevines, the fruit of which, to this animal, was\\nan article of food. The bear had for his neighbor the panther, the\\nwild cat and the lynx, whose carnivorous appetites were appeased in\\nthe destruction of other animals.\\nImmense herds of buffalo roamed over\\nthe extensive area bounded on the east by\\nthe Alleghanies and on the north by the\\nlakes, embracing the states of Ohio, Indi-\\nana, Illinois, Wisconsin and the southern\\nhalf of Michigan. Their trails checkered\\nthe prairies of Indiana and Illinois in\\nevery direction, the marks of which, deep\\nworn in the turf, remained for many years\\nafter the disappearance of the animals that made them.* Their\\nnumbers when the country was first known to Europeans were\\nimmense, and beyond computation. In their migrations southward\\nin the fall, and on their return from the blue-grass regions of Ken-\\ntucky in the spring, the Ohio Kiver was obstructed for miles during\\nthe time occupied by the vast herds in crossing it. Indeed, the\\nFrench called the buffalo the Illinois ox, on account of their\\nnumbers found in the country of the Illinois, using that expres-\\nsion in its wider sense, as explained on a preceding page. So great\\nimportance was attached to the supposed commercial value of the\\nbuffalo for its wool that when Monst Iberville, in 1698, was engaged\\nto undertake the colonization of Louisiana, the king instructed him\\nto look after the buffalo wool as one of the most important of his\\nduties; and Father Charlevoix, while traveling through The\\nIllinois, observed that he was surprised that the buffalo had been\\nso long neglected. f Among the favorite haunts of the buffalo\\nwere the marshes of the Upper Kankakee, the low lands about the\\nlakes of northern Indiana, where the oozy soil furnished early as.\\nwell as late pasturage, the briny earth upon the Au Glaize, and the\\nSalt Licks upon the Wabash and Illinois rivers were tempting places\\nof resort. From the summit of the high hill at Ouiatanon, over-\\nlooking the Wea plains to the east and the Grand Prairie to the west,\\nNothing, says Father Charlevoix, writing of the country about the confluence of\\nthe Fox with the Illinois River, is to be seen in this course but immense prairies, inter-\\nspersed with small groves which seem to have been planted by the hands of men. The\\ngrass is so very high that a man would be almost lost in it, and through which paths\\nare to be found everywhere, as well trodden as they could have been in the most popu-\\nlated countries, although nothing passes over them but buffaloes, and from time to\\ntime a herd of deer or a few roebuck Charlevoix Narrative Journal, vol. 2, p. 200.\\nt Brackenridge s Views of Louisiana.\\n14", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nas far as the eye could reach in either direction, the plains were seen\\ncovered with groups, grazing together, or, in long files, stretching\\naway in the distance, their dark forms, contrasting with the green-\\nsward upon which they fed or strolled, and inspiring the enthusiasm\\nof the Frenchman, who gave the description quoted on page 104.\\nStill later, when passing through the prairies of Illinois, on his way\\nfrom Vincennes to Ouiatanon, more a prisoner than an ambassa-\\ndor, George Croghan makes the following entry in his daily jour-\\nnal 18th and 19th of June, 1765. We traveled through a pro-\\ndigious large meadow, called the Pyankeshaws hunting ground.\\nHere is no wood to be seen, and the country appears like an ocean.\\nThe ground is exceedingly rich and partially overgrown with wild\\nhemp.* The land is well watered and full of buffalo, deer, bears,\\nand all kinds of wild game. 20th and 21st. We passed through\\nsome very large meadows, part of which belonged to the Pyanke-\\nshaws on the Vermilion River. The country and soil were much the\\nsame as that we traveled over for these three days past. Wild hemp\\ngrows here in abundance. The game is very plenty. At any time\\nin a half hour we could kill as much as we wanted, f\\nGen. Clark, in the postscript of his letter dated November, 1779,\\nnarrating his campaign in the Illinois country, says, concerning the\\nprairies between Kaskaskia and Vincennes, that there are large\\nmeadows extending beyond the reach of the eye, variegated with\\ngroves of trees appearing like islands in the seas, covered with\\nbuffaloes and other game. In many places, with a good glass, you\\nmay see all that are upon their feet in a half million acres. It is\\nnot known at what time the buffalo was last seen east of the Mis-\\nsissippi. The Indians had a tradition that the cold winter of 17\\ncalled by them the great cold, on account of its severity,\\ndestroyed them. The snow was so deep, and lay upon the ground\\nfor such a length of time, that the buffalo became poor and too\\nweak to resist the inclemency of the weather; great numbers of\\nthem perished, singly and in groups, and their bones, either as iso-\\nlated skeletons or in bleaching piles, remained and were found over\\nthe country for many years afterwards.\\nFurther on in his Journal Col. Croghan again refers to wild hemp, growing in\\nthe prairies, ten or twelve feet high, which if properly cultivated would prove as good\\nand answer all the purposes of the hemp we cultivate. Other writers also mention\\nthe wild hemp upon the prairies, and it seems to have been supplanted by other grasses\\nthat have followed in the changes of vegetable growth.\\nt Croghan s Journal.\\ni Clark s Campaign in the Illinois, p. 92.\\nOn the 4th of October, 1786, one day s march on the road from Vincennes to the\\nOhio Falls, Captains Zigler s and Sti-ong s companies of regulars came across five buffalo.\\nThe animals tried to force a passage through the column, when the commanding officer", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF THE GAME. 211\\nBefore the coming of the Europeans the Indians hunted the game\\nfor the purpose of supplying themselves with the necessary food and\\nclothing. The scattered tribes (whose numbers early writers greatly\\nexaggerated) were few, when compared with the area of the coun-\\ntry they occupied, and the wild animals were so abundant that enough\\nto supply their wants could be captured near at hand with such rude\\nweapons as their ingenuity fashioned out of wood and stone. With\\nthe Europeans came a change. The fur of many of the animals\\npossessed a commercial value in the marts of Europe, where they\\nwere bought and used as ornaments and dress by the aristocracy,\\nwhose wealth and taste fashioned them into garments of extraordi-\\nnary richness. Canada was originally settled with a view to the fur\\ntrade, and this trade was, to her people, of the first importance the\\nchief motor of her growth and prosperity. The Indians were sup-\\nplied with guns, knives and hatchets by the Europeans, in place of\\ntheir former inferior weapons. Thus encouraged and equipped, and\\naccompanied by the coureur des hois, the remotest regions were pen-\\netrated, and the fur trade extended to the most distant tribes. Stim-\\nulated with a desire for blankets, cotton goods and trinkets, the In-\\ndians now began a war upon the wild animals in earnest and their\\nwanton destruction for their skins and furs alone from that period\\nforward was so enormous that within the next two or three genera-\\ntions the improvident Indians in many localities could scarcely find\\nenough game for their own subsistence.\\nThe coureur des hois were a class that had much to do with the\\ndevelopment of trade and with giving a knowledge of the geogra-\\nphy of the country. They became extremely useful to the mer-\\nchants engaged in the fur trade, and were often a source of great\\nannoyance to the colonial authorities. Three or four of these peo-\\nple, having obtained goods upon credit, would join their stock, put\\ntheir property into a birch bark canoe, which they worked them-\\nselves, and accompany the Indians in their excursions or go directly\\nordered the men to fire upon them. The discharge killed three and wounded the\\nothers: Joseph Buell s Narrative Journal, published in S. P. Hildreth s Pioneer History.\\nThirteen years later, in December, 1799, Gov. St. Clair and Judge Jacob Burnett, on their\\nway overland from Cincinnati to Vincennes, camped out over night, at the close of one\\nof their days journeys, not a great ways east of where the old road from Louisville to\\nVincennes crosses White River. The next day they encountered a severe snow-storm,\\nduring which they surprised eight or ten buffalo, sheltering themselves from the storm\\nbehind a beech-tree full of dead leaves which had fallen beside of the trace and hid\\nthe travelers from their view. The tree and the noise of the wind among its leaves\\nprevented the buffalo from discovering the parties until the latter had approached\\nwithin two rods of the place where they stood. They then took to their heels and\\nwere soon out of sight. One of the company drew a pistol and fired, but without\\neffect: Burnett s Notes on the Northwest Territory, p. 72.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "212 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ninto the country where they knew they were to hunt.* These\\nvoyages were extended twelve or fifteen months (sometimes longer)\\nbefore the traders would return laden with rich cargoes of fur, and\\noften followed by great numbers of the natives. During the short\\ntime required to settle their accounts with the merchants and pro-\\ncure credit for a new stock, the traders would contrive to squander\\ntheir gains before they returned to their favorite mode of life among\\nthe savages, their labor being rewarded by indulging themselves in\\none month s dissipation for fifteen of exposure and hardship. We\\nmay not be able to explain the cause, but experience proves that it\\nrequires much less time for a civilized people to degenerate into the\\nways of savage life than is required for the savage to rise into a state\\nof civilization. The indifference about amassing property, and the\\npleasure of living free from all restraint, soon introduced a licen-\\ntiousness among the coureur des bois that did not escape the eye of\\nthe missionaries, who complained, with good reason, that they were\\na disgrace to the Christian religion, f\\nThe food of the coureur des bois when on their long expeditions\\nwas Indian corn, prepared for use by boiling it in strong lye to re-\\nmove the hull, after which it was mashed and dried. In this state\\nit is soft and friable like rice. The allowance for each man on the\\nvoyage, was one quart per day and a bushel, with two pounds of\\nprepared fat, is reckoned a month s subsistence. No other allow-\\nance is made of any kind, not even of salt, and bread is never\\nthought of; nevertheless the men are healthy on this diet, and ca-\\npable of performing great labor. This mode of victualing was es-\\nsential to the trade, which was extended *to great distances, and in\\ncanoes so small as not to admit of the use of any other food. If\\nthe men were supplied with bread and pork, the canoes would not\\ncarry six months rations, while the ordinary duration of the voyage\\nwas not less than fourteen. No other men would be reconciled to\\nsuch fare except the Canadians, and this fact enabled their employ-\\ners to secure a monopoly of the fur trade.\\nThe old voyageurs derisively called new hands at the business\\nmcmgeurs de lard (pork eaters), as, on leaving Montreal, and while\\nen route to Mackinaw, their rations were pork, hard bread and pea\\n*The merchandise was neatly tied into bundles weighing 1 sixty or seventy pounds;\\nthe furs received in exchange were compressed into packets of about the same weight,\\nso that they could be conveniently carried, strapped upon the back of the voi/ageur,\\naround the portages and other places where the loaded canoes could effect no passage.\\nfSir Alexander Mackenzie s Voyages, etc., and An Account of the Fur Trade, etc.\\nt Henry s Travels, p. 52.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "THE COUREUR DES BOIS. 213\\nsoup, while the old voyageurs in the Indian country ate corn soup\\nand such other food as could be conveniently procured.\\nThe eoureur des bois were men of easy virtue. They would\\neat, riot, drink and play as long as their furs held out, says La\\nHontan, and when these were gone they would sell their embroi-\\ndery, their laces and their clothes. The proceeds of these exhausted,\\nthey were forced to go upon new voyages for subsistence. f\\nThey did not scruple to intermarry with the Indians, among\\nwhom they spent the greater part of their lives. They made excel-\\nlent soldiers, and in bush fighting and border warfare they were\\nmore than a match for the British regulars. Their merits were\\nhardihood and skill in woodcraft; their chief faults were insubor-\\ndination and lawlessness.\\nSuch were the characteristics of the French traders or eoureur des\\nhois. They penetrated the remotest parts, voyaged upon all of our\\nwestern rivers, and traveled many of the insignificant streams that\\nafforded hardly water enough to float a canoe. Their influence over\\nthe Indians (to whose mode 1 of life they readily adapted themselves)\\nwas almost supreme. They were efficient in the service of their\\nking, and materially assisted in staying the downfall of French rule\\nin America.\\nThere is no data from which to ascertain the value of the fur\\ntrade, as there were no regular accounts kept. The value of the\\ntrade to the French, in 17 3, was estimated at two millions of livres,\\nand this could have been from only a partial return, as a large per\\ncent of the trade was carried on clandestinely through Albany and\\nNew York, of which the French authorities in Canada could have\\nno knowledge. With the loss of Canada, and the west to France,\\nand owing to the dislike of the Indians toward the English, and the\\nwant of experience by the latter, the fur trade, controlled at Montreal,\\nfell into decay, and the Hudson Bay Company secured the advan-\\ntages of its downfall. During the winter of 1783-4 some merchants\\n*Vol. 2 Wisconsin Historical Collection, p. 110. Judge Lockwood gives a very\\nfine sketch of the eoureur des bois and the manner of their employment, in the paper\\nfrom which we have quoted.\\nfLa Hontan, vol. 1, pp. 20 and 21.\\nX Parkman s Count Frontenac and New France, p. 209. Judge Lockwood, in the\\npaper referred to, speaking of the eoureur des bois as their relations existed to the fur\\ntrade in 1817, thus describes them: These men engaged in Canada, generally for five\\nyears, for Mackinaw and its dependencies, transferrable like cattle, to any one who\\nwanted them, at generally about 500 livres a year, or, in our currency, about $83.33,\\nfurnished with a yearly equipment or outfit of two cotton shirts, one three-point or\\ntriangular blanket, a portage collar and one pair of shoes. They were obliged to pur-\\nchase their moccasins, tobacco and pipes at any price the trader saw fit to charge for\\nthem. At the end of five years the voyageurs were in debt from $50 to $150, and\\ncould not leave the country until they paid their indebtedness.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "214 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nof Canada united their trade under the name of the k Northwest\\nCompany they did not get successfully to work until 1787. Dur-\\ning that year the venture did not exceed forty thousand pounds, but\\nby exertion and the enterprise of the proprietors it was brought, in\\neleven years, to more than triple that amount (equal to six hundred\\nthousand dollars), yielding proportionate profits, and surpassing any-\\nthing then known in America.*\\nThe fur trade was conducted by the English, and subsequently\\nby the Americans, substantially upon the system originally estab-\\nlished by the French, with this distinction, that the monopoly was\\ncontrolled by French officers and favorites, to whom the trade for\\nparticular districts was assigned, while the English and Americans\\ncontrolled it through companies operating either under charters or\\npei mits from the government.\\nGoods for Indian trade were guns, ammunition, steel for striking\\nfire, gun-flints, and other supplies to repair fire-arms; knives, hatchets,\\nkettles, beads, men s shirts, blue and red cloths for blankets and\\npetticoats vermilion, red, yellow, green and blue ribbons, gener-\\nally of English manufacture needles, thread and awls looking-\\nglasses, children s toys, woolen blankets, razors for shaving the\\nhead, paints of all colors, tobacco, and, more than all, spirituous\\nliquors. For these articles the Indians gave in exchange the skins\\nof deer, bear, otter, squirrel, marten, lynx, fox, wolf, buffalo,\\nmoose, and particularly the beaver, the highest prized of them all.\\nSuch was the value attached to the skins and fur of the last that\\nit. became the standard of value. All other values were measured\\nby the beaver, the same as w r e now use gold, in adjusting com-\\nmercial transactions. All differences in exchanges of property or\\nin payment for labor were first reduced in value to the beaver skin.\\nMoney was rarely received or paid at any of the trading-posts, the\\nonly circulating medium were furs and peltries. In this exchange a\\npound of beaver skin was reckoned at thirty sous, an otter skin at\\nsix livres, and marten skins at thirty sous each. This was only about\\nhalf of the real value of the furs, and it was therefore always agreed\\nto pay either in furs at their equivalent cash value at the fort or\\ndouble the amount reckoned at current fur value, f\\nWhen the French controlled the fur trade, the posts in the interior\\nof the country were assigned to officers who were in fayor at head-\\nquarters. As they had no money, the merchants of Quebec and\\nMontreal supplied them on credit with the necessary goods, which\\nMackenzie s Voyages, Fur Trade, etc.\\nt Henry s Travels and Pouchot s Memoirs.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "THE FUR TRADE. 215\\nwere to be paid for in peltries at a price agreed upon, thus being\\nrequired to earn profits for themselves and the merchant. These\\nofficers were often employed to negotiate for the king with the tribes\\nnear their trading-posts and give them goods as presents, the price\\nfor the latter being paid by the intendant upon the approval of the\\ngovernor. This occasioned many hypothecated accounts, which were\\nturned to the profit of the commandants, particularly in time of\\nwar. The commandants as well as private traders were obliged to\\ntake out a license from the governor at a cost of four or five hundred\\nlivres, in order to carry their goods to the posts, and to charge some\\neffects to the king s account. The most distant posts in the north-\\nwest were prized the greatest, because of the abundance and low\\nprice of peltries and the high price of goods at these remote estab-\\nlishments.\\nAnother kind of trade was carried on by the couretirs des bois,\\nwho, sharing the license with the officer at the post, with their canoes\\nladen with goods, went to the villages of the Indians, and followed\\nthem on their hunting expeditions, to return after a season s trading\\nwith their canoes well loaded. If the coureurs des bois were in a\\ncondition to purchase their goods of first hands a quick fortune was\\nassured them, although to obtain it they had to lead a most danger-\\nous and fatiguing life. Some of these traders would return to France\\nafter a few years 1 venture with wealth amounting to two million five\\nhundred thousand Iivres.\\nThe French were not permitted to exclusively enjoy the enormous\\nprofits of the fur trade. We have seen, in treating of the Miami\\nIndians, that at an early day the English and the American colonists\\nwere determined to share it, and had become sharp competitors. We\\nhave seen (page 112) that to extend their trade the English had set\\ntheir allies, the Iroquois, upon the Illinois. So formidable were the\\ninroads made by the English upon the fur trade of the French, by\\nmeans of the conquests to which they had incited the Iroquois to\\ngain over other tribes that were friendly to the French, that the\\nlatter became of the opinion that if the Iroquois were allowed to\\nproceed they would not only subdue the Illinois, but become masters\\nof all the Ottawa tribes, t and divert the trade to the English, so that\\nit was absolutely necessary that the French should either make the\\nIroquois their friends or destroy them.\\\\ You perceive, my Lord,\\nPouchot s Memoirs.\\nf Whose territories embraced all the country west of Lake Huron and north of\\nIllinois, one of the most prolific beaver grounds in the country.\\nMemoir of M. Du Chesneau, the Intendant, to the King, September 9, 1681, before\\nquoted.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "216 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthat the subject which we have discussed [referring to the efforts of\\nthe English of New York and Albany to gain the beaver trade] is to\\ndetermine who will be master of the heaver trade of the south and\\nsouthwest.\\nIn the struggle to determine who should be masters of the fur\\ntrade, the French cared as little, perhaps less, for their Indian\\nallies than the British and Americans did for theirs. The blood that\\nwas shed in the English and French colonies north of the Ohio\\nRiver, for a period of over three-quarters of a century prior to 1763,\\nmight well be said to have been spilled in a war tor the fur trade, f\\nIn the strife between the rivals, the French endeavoring to hold\\ntheir former possessions, and the English to extend theirs, the\\nstrait of Detroit was an object of concern to both. Its strategical\\nposition was such that it would give the party possessing it a decided\\nadvantage. M. Du Lute, or L Hut, under orders from Gov. De\\n^Nonville, left Mackinaw with some fifty odd coureurs des hois in\\n1688, sailed down Lake Huron and threw up a small stockade fort\\non the west bank of the lake, where it discharges into the Eiver St.\\nClair. The following year Capt. McGregory,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Major Patrick Ma-\\ngregore, as his name is spelled in the commission he had in his\\npocket over the signature of Gov. Dongan, with sixty Englishmen\\nand some Indians, with their merchandise loaded in thirty-two\\ncanoes, went up Lake Erie on a trading expedition among the In-\\ndians at Detroit and Mackinaw. They were encountered and cap-\\ntured by a body of troops under Tonty, La Forest and other omcers,\\nwho, with coureur de hois and Indians from the upper country,\\nwere on their way to join the French forces of Canada in a campaign\\nagainst the Iroquois villages in Xew York.;}: The prisoners were\\nsent to Quebec, and the plunder distributed among the captors. Du\\nLute s stockade was called Fort St. Joseph. In L688 the fort was\\nplaced in command of Baron LaHontan.\u00c2\u00a7\\nFort St. Joseph served the purposes for which it was constructed,\\nand a few years later, in 1701, Mons. Cadillac established Fort Pont-\\nchartrain on the present site of the city of Detroit, for no other pur-\\nM. De La Barre to the Minister of the Marine, November 4, 1683: Paris Docu-\\nments, vol. 9, p. 210,\\nt War was not formally declared between France and England, on account of\\ncolonial difficulties, until May, 175\\\\ but the discursory broils between their colonies in\\nAmerica had been going 1 on from the time of their establishment.\\nTonty s Memoir, and Paris Documents, vol. 9. pp. 363 and 866.\\nFort Du Luth. or St. Joseph, as it was afterward called, was ordered to be erected\\nin 1686, in order to fortify the pass leading to Mackinaw against the English. Du\\nLuth, who erected it, was in command of fifty men. Several parties of English were\\neither captured or sent back from this post within avearor two from its establishment.\\nVide Paris Documents, vol. 9, pp. 300, 302, 306, 383.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "ENGLISH AND AMERICAN TRADERS. 217\\npose than to check the English in the prosecution of the fur trade in\\nthat country.\\nThe French interests were soon threatened from another direc-\\ntion. Traders from Pennsylvania found their way westward over the\\nmountains, where they engaged in traffic with the Indians in the\\nvalleys of eastern Ohio, and they soon established commercial rela-\\ntions with the Wabash tribes. It appears from a previous chapter\\nthat the Miamis were trading at Albany in 1708. To avert this\\ndanger the French were compelled at last to erect military posts at\\nFort Wayne, on the Maumee (called Fort Miamis), at Ouiatanon and\\nYincennes, upon the Wabash. J Prior to 1750 Sieur de Ligneris\\nwas commanding at Fort Ouiatanon, and St. Ange was in charge at\\nYincennes.\\nAs soon as the English settlements reached the eastern slope of\\nthe Alleghanies, their traders passed over the ridge, and they found\\nit exceedingly profitable to trade with the western Indians. They\\ncould sell the same quality of goods for a third or a half of what the\\nFrench usually charged, and still make a handsome profit. This\\nnew and rich field was soon overrun by eager adventurers. In the\\nmeantime a number of gentlemen, mostly from Yirginia, procured\\nan act of parliament constituting kk The Ohio Company, and grant-\\ning them six hundred thousand acres of land on or near the Ohio\\nRiver. The objects of this company were to till the soil and to open\\nup a trade with the Indians west of the Alleghanies and south of the\\nOhio.\\nThe French, being well aware that the English could offer their\\ngoods to the Indians at greatly reduced rates, feared that they would\\nlose the entire Indian trade. At first they protested against this\\ninvasion of the rights of His Most Christian Majesty to the gov-\\nernor of the English colonies. This did not produce the desired\\neffect. Their demands were met with equivocations and delays.\\nAt last the French determined on summary measures. An order\\nStatement of Mons. Cadillac of his reasons for establishing a fort on the Detroit\\nRiver, copied in Sheldon s Early History of Michigan, pp. 85-90.\\nt An Englishman by the name of Crawford had been trading on the Wabash prior\\nto 1749. Vide Irving s Life of Washington, vol. 1, p. 48.\\nJThe date of the establishment of these forts is a matter of conjecture, owing to\\nthe absence of reliable data. A Miamis is referred to in 1719, and in the same year\\nSieur Duboisson was selected as a suitable person to take command at Ouiatanon, and\\nin 1735 M. de Vincenne is alluded to, in a letter written from Kaskaskia, as com-\\nmandant of the Post on the Wabash. However, owing to the successive migrations of\\nthe Miami Indians, the Miamis mentioned in such documents, in 1719, may have\\nreferred to the Miami and Wea villages upon the Kalamazoo and St. Joseph rivers, in\\nthe state of Michigan. The post at Vincennes, it may be safely assumed, was garri-\\nsoned as early as 1735, and Ouiatanon, below La Fayette, and Miamis, at Fort Wayne,\\nsome years before, in the order of time.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "218 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nwas issued to the commandants of their various posts on Lake Erie,,\\nthe Ohio and the Wabash, to seize all English traders found west of\\nthe Alleghanies. In pursuance of this order, in 1751, four English\\ntraders were captured on the Vermilion of the Wabash and sent to\\nCanada. Other traders, dealing with the Indians in other locali-\\nties, were captured and taken to Presque Isle,f and from thence to\\nCanada.\\nThe contest between the rival colonies still went on, increasing\\nin the extent of its line of operations and intensifying in the ani-\\nmosity of the feeling with which it was conducted. We quote from\\na memoir prepared early in 1752, by M. de Longueuil, commandant\\nat Detroit, showing the state of affairs at a previous date in the\\nWabash country. It appears, from the letters of the commandants\\nat the several posts named, from which the memoir is compiled,\\nthat the Indian tribes upon the Maumee and Wabash, through the\\nsuccessful efforts of the English, had become very much disaffected\\ntoward their old friends and masters. M. de Ligneris, commandant\\nat the Ouyatanons, says the memoir, believes that great reliance is\\nnot to be placed on the Maskoutins, and that their remaining neutral\\nis all that is to be expected from them and the Ivickapous. He even\\nadds that we are not to reckon on the nations which appear in our\\ninterests no Wea chief has appeared at this post for a long time.\\nM. de Yilliers, commandant at the Miamis, Ft. Wayne, has been\\ndisappointed in his expectation of bringing the Miamis back from the\\nWhite River, part of whom had been to see him, the small-pox\\nhaving put the whole of them to rout. Coldfoot and his son have\\ndied of it, as well as a large portion of our most trusty Indians.\\nLe GriSj chief of the Tepicons,$ and his mother are likewise dead;\\nthey arc a loss, because they were well disposed toward the French.\\nThe memoir continues: w The nations of the River St. Joseph,\\nwho were to join those of Detroit, have said they would be ready to\\nperform their promise as soon as Ononontio\u00c2\u00a7 would have sent the\\nnecessary number of Frenchmen. The commandant of this post\\nwrites, on the 15th of January, that all the nations appear to take\\nParis Documents, vol. 10, p. 248.\\nf Near Erie, Pennsylvania.\\nX This is the first reference we have to Tippecanoe. Antoine Gamelin, the French\\nmerchant at Vincennes, whom Major Hamtramck sent, in 1790, to the Wabash towns\\nwith peace messages, calls the village, then upon this river, Qtii-ie-pi-cow-nae. The\\nname of the Tippecanoe is derived from the Algonquin word Ke-non-ge, or Ke-no-zha\\nfrom Kenose, long, the name of the long-billed pike, a fish very abundant in this\\nstream, vide Mackenzie s and James Vocabularies. Timothy Flint, in his Geography\\nand History of the Western States, first edition, published at Cincinnati, 1828, vol. 2,\\np. 125, says: The Tippecanoe received its name from a kind of pike called Pic-ca-nau\\nby the savages. The termination is evidently Frenchified.\\nThe name by which the Indians called the governor of Canada.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "FRENCH TRADERS KILLED. 219\\nsides against us that he would not be responsible for the good\\ndispositions these Indians seem to entertain, inasmuch as the\\nMiamis are their near relatives. On the one hand, Mr. de Jon-\\ncaire* repeats that the Indians of the beautiful riverf are all English,\\nfor whom alone they work that all are resolved to sustain each\\nother and that not a party of Indians go to the beautiful river but\\nleave some [of their numbers] there to increase the rebel forces.\\nOn the other hand, Mr. de St. Ange, commandant of the post of\\nVincennes, writes to M. des Ligneris [at Ouiatanon] to use all\\nmeans to protect himself from the storm which is ready to burst on\\nthe French that he is busy securing himself against the fury of our\\nenemies.\\nThe Pianguiehias, who are at war with the Chaouanons, ac-\\ncording to the report rendered by Mr. St. Clin, have declared entirely\\nagainst us. They killed on Christmas Jive Frenchmen at the Ver-\\nmilion. Mr. des Ligneris, who was aware of this attack, sent off a\\ndetachment to secure the effects of the Frenchmen from being plun-\\ndered but when this detachment arrived at the Vermilion, the\\nPiankashaws had decamped. The bodies of the Frenchmen were\\nfound on the ice.^;\\nM. des Ligneris was assured that the Piankashaws had commit-\\nted this act because four men of their nation, had been killed by the\\nFrench at the Illinois, and four others had been taken and put in\\nirons. It is said that these eight men were going to fight the Chick-\\nasaws, and had, without distrusting anything, entered the quarters\\nof the French, who killed them. It is also reported that the French-\\nmen had recourse to this extreme measure because a Frenchman and\\nA French half-breed having great influence over the Indians, and whom the\\nFrench authorities had sent into Ohio to conciliate the Indians.\\nt The Ohio.\\nCol. Croghan s Journal, before quoted, gives the key to the aboriginal name of\\nthis stream. On the 22d of June, 1765, he makes the following entry: We passed\\nthrough a part of the same meadow mentioned yesterday; then came to a high wood-\\nland and arrived at Vermilion River, so called from a fine red earth found there by the\\nIndians, with which they paint themselves. About a half a mile from where we crossed\\nthis river there is a village of Piankashaws, distinguished by the addition of the name\\nof the river (that is, the Piankashaws of the Vermilion, or the Vermilions, as they\\nwere sometimes called). The red earth or red chalk, known under the provincial name\\nof red keel, is abundant everywhere along the bluffs of the Vermilion, in the shales\\nthat overlay the outcropping coal. The annual fires frequently ignited the coal thus\\nexposed, and would burn the shale above, turn it red and render it friable. Carpen-\\nters used it to chalk their lines, and the successive generation of boys have gathered it\\nby the pocketful. Those acquainted with the passion of the Indian for paint, particu-\\nlarly red, will understand the importance which the Indians would attach to it. Hence,\\nas noted by Croghan, they called the river after the name of this red earth. Vermilion\\nis the French word conveying the same idea, and it is a coincidence merely that Ver-\\nmilion in French has the same meaning as this word in English On the map in\\nVolney s View of the Soil and Climate of the United States, Phila. ed. 1804, it is\\ncalled Red River. The Miami Indian name of the Vermilion was Piankashaiv. as ap-\\npears from Gen. Putnam s manuscript Journal of the treaty at Vincennes in 1792", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "220 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntwo slaves had been killed a few days before by another party of\\nPiankashaws, and that the Indians in question had no knowledge of\\nthat circumstance. The capture of four English traders by M. de\\nCeloron s order last year has not prevented other Englishmen going\\nto trade at the Yermilion River, where the Rev. Father la Richardie\\nwintered.\\nThe memoir continues: On the 19th of October the Pianka-\\nshaws had killed two more Frenchmen, who were constructing\\npirogues lower down than the Post of Vincenne. Two days after-\\nward the Piankashaws killed two slaves in sight of Fort Vincenne.\\nThe murder of these nine Frenchmen and these two slaves is but\\ntoo certain. A squaw, the widow of one of the Frenchmen who had\\nbeen killed at the Yermilion, has reported that the Pianguichias,\\nIllinois and Osages were to assemble at the prairies of the\\nplace where Messrs. de Yilliers and de Noyelle attacked the Foxes\\nabout twenty years ago, and when they had built a fort to secure\\ntheir families, they were to make a general attack on all the French.\\nThe Miamis of Rock Rivei-f have scalped two soldiers belong-\\ning to Mr. Yilliers fort. This blow was struck last fall. Finally,\\nthe English have paid the Miamis for the scalps of the two soldiers\\nbelonging to Mr. de Yilliers garrison. To add to the misfortunes,\\nM. des Ligneris has learned that the commandant of the Illinois at\\nFort Charters would not permit Sieurs Delisle and Fonblanche,\\nwho had contracted with the king to supply the Miamis, Ouyaton-\\nons, and even Detroit with provisions from the Illinois, to purchase\\nany provisions for the subsistence of the garrisons of those posts, on\\nthe ground that an increased arrival of troops and families would\\nconsume the stock at the Illinois. Famine is not the sole scourge\\nwe experience the smallpox commits ravages it begins to reach\\nDetroit. It were desirable that it should break out and spread gen-\\nerally throughout the localities inhabited by our rebels. It would\\nbe fully as good as an army.\\nThe Piankashaws, now completely estranged from the French,\\nwithdrew, almost in a body, from the Wabash, and retired to the\\nBig Miami, whither a number of Miamis and other Indians had,\\nFather Justinian de la Richardie came to Canada (according to the Lisfe Crono-\\nlogique, No. 429) in 1716. He served many years in the Huron country, and also in\\nthe Illinois, and died in Fehruary, 1758. Biographical note of the editor of Paris\\nDocuments Col. Hist, of New York, vol. 9, p. 88. The time when and the place at\\nwhich this missionary was stationed on the Vermilion River is not given. The date\\nwas before 1750, as is evident from the text. The place was probably at the large\\nPiankashaw town where the traders were killed.\\nfThe Big Miami River of Ohio, on which stream, near the mouth of Loramies\\nCreek, the Miamis had an extensive vdlage, hereafter referred to.\\nJ Ft. Wayne, where Mr. Vilhers was then stationed in charge of Fort Miamis.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "PICKAW1LLANY. 221\\nsome years previous, established a village, to be nearer the English\\ntraders. The village was called Pickawillany, or Piektown. To\\nthe English and Iroquois it was known as the Tawixtwi Town, or\\nMiamitown. It was located at the mouth of what has since been\\ncalled Loramie s creek. The stream derived this name from the fact\\nthat a Frenchman of that name, subsequent to the events here nar-\\nrated, had a trading-house at this place. The town was visited in\\n1751 by Christopher Gist, who gives the following description of it:*\\nThe Twightee town is situated on the northwest side of the Big\\nMin e ami River, about one hundred and fifty miles from its mouth.\\nIt consists of four hundred families, and is daily increasing. It is\\naccounted one of the strongest Indian towns in this part of the con-\\ntinent. The Twightees are a very numerous people, consisting of\\nmany different tribes under the same form of government. Each\\ntribe has a particular chief, or king, one of which is chosen indiffer-\\nently out of any tribe to rule the whole nation, and is vested with\\ngreater authority than any of the others. They have but lately\\ntraded with the English. They formerly lived on the farther side of\\nthe Wabash, and were in the French interests, who supplied them\\nwith some few trifles at a most exorbitant price. They have now\\nrevolted from them and left their former habitations for the sake of\\ntrading with the English, and notwithstanding all the artifices the\\nFrench have used, they have not been able to recall them. George\\nCroghan and Mr. Montour, agents in the English interests, were in\\nthe town at the time of Gist s visit, doing what they could to inten-\\nsify the animosity of the inhabitants against the French. Speeches\\nwere made and presents exchanged to cement the friendship with\\nthe English. While these conferences were going on, a deputation\\nof Indians in the French interests arrived, with soft words and valu-\\nable presents, marching into the village under French colors. The\\ndeputation was admitted to the council-house, that they might make\\nthe object of their visit known. The Piankashaw chief, or king,\\nOld Britton, as he was called, on account of his attachment\\nfor the English, had both the British and French flags hoisted from\\nthe council-house. The old chief refused the brandy, tobacco and\\nother presents sent to him from the French king. In reply to the\\nspeeches of the French ambassadors he said that the road to the\\nFrench had been made foul and bloody by them that he had\\ncleared a road to our brothers, the English, and that the French had\\nmade that bad. The French flag was taken down, and the emissaries\\nChristopher Gist s Journal.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "222 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nof that people, with their presents, returned to the French post from\\nwhence they came.\\nWhen negotiations failed to win the Miamis back to French\\nauthority, force was resorted to. On the 21st of June, 1752, a party\\nof two hundred and forty French and Indians appeared before Pick-\\nawillany, surprised the Indians in their corn-fields, approaching so\\nsuddenly that the white men who were in their houses had great\\ndifficulty in reaching the fort. They killed one Englishman and\\nfourteen Miamis, captured the stockade fort, killed the old Pianka-\\nshaw king, and put his body in a kettle, boiled it and ate it up in\\nretaliation for his people having killed the French traders on the\\nVermilion River and at Vincennes.* Thus, says the eloquent\\nhistorian, George Bancroft, on the alluvial lands of western Ohio\\nbegan the contest that was to scatter death broadcast through the\\nworld, f\\nThe account of the affair at Pickawillany is summarized from the Journal of Capt.\\nWm. Trent and other papers contained in a valuable book edited by A. T. Goodman,\\nsecretary of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and published by Robert Clarke\\nCo., 1871, entitled Journal of Captain Trent.\\nf Old Britton s successor was his son, a young man, whose name was Mu-she-\\ngu-a-nock-que, or The Turtle. The English, and Indians in their interests, had a\\nvery high esteem for the young Piankashaw king. It is said by some writers, and\\nthere is much probability of the correctness of their opinion, that the great Miami\\nchief, Little Turtle, was none other than the person here referred to. His age would\\ncorrespond very well with that of the Piankashaw, and members of one band of the\\nMiami nation frequently took up their abode with other bands or families of their kin-\\ndred.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXL\\nTHE WAR FOR THE EMPIRE. ITS LOSS TO THE FRENCH.\\nTiik English not only disputed the right of the French to the\\nfur trade, but denied their title to the valley of the Mississippi,\\nwhich lay west of their American colonies on the Atlantic coast.\\nThe grants from the British crown conveyed to the chartered pro-\\nprietors all of the country lying between certain parallels of latitude,\\naccording to the location of the several grants, and extending west-\\nward to the South Sea, as the Pacific was then called. Seeing the\\nweakness of such a claim to vast tracts of country, upon which no\\nEnglishman had ever set his foot, they obtained deeds of cession\\nfrom the Iroquois Indians, the dominant tribe east of the Mississip-\\npi, who claimed all of the country between the Alleghanies and the\\nMississippi by conquest from the several Algonquin tribes, who occu-\\npied it. On the 13th of July, 1701, the sachems of the Five Nations\\nconveyed to William III, King of Great Britain, their beaver-\\nhunting grounds northwest and west from Albany, including a\\nbroad strip on the south side of Lake Erie, all of the present states\\nof Michigan, Ohio and Indiana, and Illinois as far west as the Illi-\\nnois River, claiming that their ancestors did, more than fourscore\\nyears before, totally conquer, subdue and drive the former occupants\\nout of that country, and had peaceable and quiet possession of the\\nsame, to hunt beavers in, it being the only chief place for hunting\\nin that part of the world, etc.* The Iroquois, for themselves and\\nheirs, granted the English crown the whole soil, the lakes, the\\n*The deed is found in London Documents, vol. 4, p. 908. The boundaries of the\\ngrant are indefinite in many respects. Its westward limit, says the deed, abutts\\nupon the Twichtwichs [Miamis], and is bounded on the right hand by a place called\\nQuadoge. On Eman Bowen s map, which is certainly the most authentic from the\\nBritish standpoint, is a pecked line extending from the mouth of the Illinois river,\\nup that stream, to the Desplaines, thence across the prairies to Lake Michigan at\\nQuadoge or Quadaghe, which is located on the map some distance southeast of Chicago,\\nwhich is also shown in its correct place, and at or near the mouth of the stream that\\nforms the harbor at Michigan City, formerly known by the French as Riviere du Cke-\\nmin, or Trail River, because the great trail from Chicago to Detroit and Ft. Wayne\\nleft the lake shore at this place. The pecked line, as Mr. Bowen calls the dotted\\nline which he traces as the boundary of the Iroquois deed of cession, extends from\\nMichigan City northward through the entire length of Lake Michigan, the Straits of\\nMackinaw and between the Manitou-lin islands and the main shore in Lake Huron;\\nthence into Canada around the north shore of Lake Nipissing; and thence down the\\nOttawa River to its confluence with the St. Lawrence.\\n223", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nrivers, and all things pertaining to said tract of land, with power\\nto erect forts and castles there, only reserving to the grantors and\\ntheir descendants forever the right of hunting upon the same, in\\nwhich privilege the grantee was expected to protect them. The\\ngrant of the Iroquois was confirmed to the British crown by deeds\\nof renewal in 1726 and 1744. The reader will have observed, from\\nwhat has been said in the preceding chapters upon the Illinois and\\nMiamis and Pottawatomies relative to the pretended conquests of\\nthe Iroquois, how little merit there was in the claim they set up to\\nthe territory in question. Their war parties only raided upon the\\ncountry, they never occupied it; their war parties, after doing as\\nmuch mischief as they could, returned to their own country as\\nrapidly as they came. Still, their several deeds to the English crown\\nwere a color of title on which the latter laid great stress, and\\nparaded at every treaty with other powers, where questions involv-\\ning the right to this territory were a subject of discussion. x\\nThe war for the fur trade expanded into a struggle fo\u00c2\u00ab empire\\nthat convulsed both continents of America and Europe. The limit\\nassigned this work forbids a notice of the principal occurrences in\\nthe progress of the French-Colonial War, as most of the military\\nmovements in that contest were outside of the territory we are con-\\nsidering. There were, however, two campaigns conducted by troops\\nrecruited in the northwest, and these engagements will be noticed.\\nWe believe they have not heretofore been compiled as fully as their\\nimportance would seem to demand.\\nIn 1758 Gen. Forbes, with about six thousand troops, advanced\\nagainst Fort Du Quesne. f In mid-September the British troops had\\nonly reached Loyal-hannon, J where they raised a fort. Intelli-\\ngence had been received that Fort Du Quesne was defended by but\\neight hundred men, of whom three hundred were Indians, and\\nMajor Grant, commanding eight hundred Highlanders and a com-\\npany of Virginians, was sent toward the French fort. On the third\\nThe Iroquois themselves, as appears from an English memoir on the Indian\\ntrade, and contained among the London Documents, vol. 7, p. 18, never supposed\\nthey had actually conveyed their right of dominion to these lands. Indeed, it appears\\nthat the Indians generally could not comprehend the purport of a deed or grant in the\\nsense that the Europeans attach to these formidable instruments. The idea of an\\nabsolute, fee-simple right of an individual, or of a body of persons, to exclusively own\\nreal estate against the right of others even to enter upon it, to hunt or cut a shrub,\\nwas beyond the power of an Indian to comprehend. From long habit and the owner-\\nship (not only of land but many articles of domestic use) by the tribe or village of\\nproperty in common, they could not understand how it could be held otherwise.\\nt At the present site of Pittsburgh, Pa.\\nX Loyal-hannon, afterward Fort Ligonier, was situated on the east side of Loyal-\\nhannon Creek, Westmoreland county, Pa., and was about forty-five miles from Fort\\nDu Quesne; vide Pennsylvania Archives, XII, 389.\\nBancroft, vol. iv, p. 311.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "DEFEAT OF THE ENGLISH. 225\\nday s march Grant had arrived within two miles of Fort Du Quesne.\\nLeaving his baggage there, he took position on a hill, a quarter of a\\nmile from the fort, and encamped.\\nGrant, who was not aware that the garrison had been reinforced\\nby the arrival of Mons. Aubry, commandant at Fort Chartes, with\\nfour hundred men from the Illinois country, determined on an am-\\nbuscade. At break of day Major Lewis was sent, with four hundred\\nmen, to lie in ambush a mile and a half from the main body, on the\\npath on which they left their baggage, imagining the French would\\nsend a force to attack the baggage guard and seize it. Four hundred\\nmen were posted along the hill facing the fort to cover the retreat of\\nMacDonald s company, which marched w.ith drums beating toward\\nthe fort, in order to draw a party out of it, as Major Grant had rea-\\nson to believe there were, including Indians, only two hundred men\\nwithin it. -f\\nM. de Ligneris, commandant at Fort Du Quesne, at once assem-\\nbled seven or eight hundred men, and gave the command to M.\\nAubry. The French sallied out of the fort, and the Indians, who\\nhad crossed the river to keep out of the way of the British, returned\\nand made a flank movement. Aubry, by a rapid movement, attacked\\nthe different divisions of the English, and completely routed and\\ndispersed them. The force under Major Lewis was compelled to\\ngive way. Being flanked, a number were driven into the river,\\nmost of whom were drowned. The English lost two hundred and\\nseventy killed, forty-two wounded, and several prisoners among the\\nlatter was Grant.\\nOn the 22d of September M. Aubry left Fort Du Quesne, with a\\nforce of six hundred French and Indians, intending to reconnoitre\\nthe position of the English at Loyal-hannon.\\nHe found a little camp in front of some intrenchments which\\nwould cover a body of two thousand men. The advance guard of\\nthe French detachment having been discovered, the English sent a\\ncaptain and fifty men to reconnoitre, who fell in with the detach-\\nment and were entirely defeated. In following the fugitives the\\nFrench fell upon this camp, and surprised and dispersed it.\\nThe fugitives scarcely gained the principal intrenchment, which\\nM. Aubry held in blockade two days. He killed two hundred horses\\nand cattle. The French returned to Fort Du Quesne mounted.\\nThe English lost in the engagement one hundred and fifty men,\\n*The hill has ever since borne Grant s name,\\nt Craig s History of Pittsburgh, p. 74.\\nJGarneau s History of Canada, Bell s translation, vol. 2, p. 214.\\nPouchot s Memoir, p. 130.\\n15", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "226 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nkilled, wounded and missing. The French loss was two killed and\\nseven wounded.\\nThe Louisiana detachment, which took the principal part in both\\nof these battles, was recruited from the French posts in The Illi-\\nnois. and consisted of soldiers taken from the garrison in that terri-\\ntory, and the roureurs des l oi*, traders and settlers in their respective\\nneighborhoods. It was the first battalion ever raised within the\\nlimits of the present states of Illinois, Indiana and Michigan. After\\nthe action of Loyal-hannon, the Louisiana detachment, as well as\\nthose from Detroit, returned home.\\nSoon after their departure, and on the 24th of November, the\\nFrench abandoned Fort Dn Quesne. Pouchot says: It came to\\npass that by blundering at Fort Du Quesne the French were obliged\\nto abandon it for want of provisions. This may have been the\\ntrue reason for the abandonment, but doubtless the near approach of\\na large English army, commanded by Gen. Forbes, had no small\\ninfluence in accelerating their movements. The fort was a mere\\nstockade, of small dimensions, and not suited to resist the attacks of\\nartillery.!\\nHaving burnt the stockade and storehouses, the garrison sepa-\\nrated. One hundred retired to Presque Isle, by land. Two hundred,\\nby way of the Alleghany, went to Venango. The remaining hun-\\ndred descended the Ohio. About forty miles above its confluence\\nwith the Mississippi, and on a beautiful eminence on the north bank\\nof the river, they erected a fort and named it Fort Massac, in honor\\nof the commander, M. Massac, who superintended its construction.\\nThis was the last fort erected by the French on the Ohio, and it was\\noccupied by a garrison of French troops until the evacuation of the\\ncountry under the stipulations of the treaty of Paris. Such was the\\norigin of Fort Massac, divested of the romance which fable has\\nthrown around its name.\\nLetter of Marquis Montcalm: Paris Documents, vol. 10, p. 901.\\nt Hildreth s Pioneer History, p. 42.\\nX Monette s Valley of the Mississippi, vol. 1, p. 317. Gov. Reynolds, who visited\\nthe remains of Fort Massac in 1855, thus describes its l-emains: The outside walls\\nwere one hundred and thirty-five feet square, and at each angle strong bastions were\\nerected. The walls were palisades, with earth between the wood. A large well was\\nsunk in the fortress, and the whole appeared to have been strong and substantial in its\\nday. Three or four acres of gravel walks were made on the north of the fort, on which\\nthe soldiers paraded. The walks were made in exact angles, and beautifully graveled\\nwith pebbles from the river. The site is one of the most beautiful on La Belle Rivere,\\nand commands a view of the Ohio that is charming and lovely. French genius for the\\nselection of sites for forts is eminently sustained in their choice of Fort Massacre. The\\nGovernor states that the fort was first established in 1711, and was enlarged and\\nmade a respectable fortress in 1756. Vide Reynolds 1 Life and Times, pp. 28, 29. This\\nis, probably, a mistake. There are no records in the French official documents of any\\nmilitary post in that vicinity until the so-called French and Indian war.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "CHANGE OP WAR-PLAN. 227\\nOn the dav following the evacuation, the English took peaceable\\npossession of the smoking ruins of Fort Du Quesne. They erected\\na temporary fortification, named it Fort Pitt, in honor of the great\\nEnglish statesman of that name, and leaving two hundred men as a\\ngarrison, retired over the mountains.\\nOn the 5th of December, 1758, Thomas Pownall, governor of\\nMassachusetts Bay Province, addressed a memorial to the British\\nMinistry, suggesting that there should be an entire change in the\\nmethod of carrying on the war. Pownall stated that the French\\nwere superior in battles fought in the wilderness that Canada never\\ncould be conquered by land campaigns that the proper way to\\nsucceed in the reduction of Canada would be to make an attack on\\nQuebec by sea, and thus, by cutting off supplies from the home gov-\\nernment, Canada would be starved out.*.\\nPitt, if he did not act on the recommendations of Gov. Pownall,\\nat least had similar views, and the next year (1759), in accordance\\nwith this plan, Gen. Wolfe made a successful assault on Quebec, and\\nfrom that time, the supplies and reinforcements from the home gov-\\nernment being cut off, the cause of the French in Canada became\\nalmost hopeless.\\nDuring this year the French made every effort to stir up the\\nIndians north of the Ohio to take the tomahawk and scalping-knife\\nin hand, and make one more attempt to preserve the northwest\\nfor the joint occupancy of the Gallic and American races. Emissa-\\nries were sent to Lake Erie, Detroit, Mackinaw, Ouiatanon, Vincennes,\\nKaskaskia and Fort Chartes, loaded with presents and ammunition,\\nfor the purpose of collecting all those stragglers who had not enter-\\nprise enough to go voluntarily to the seat of war. Canada was hard\\npressed for soldiers; the English navy cut off most of the rein-\\nPownall s Administration of the Colonies, Appendix, p. 57. Thomas Pownall,\\nborn in England in 1720, came to America in 1753; was governor of Massachusetts\\nBay, and subsequently was appointed governor of South Carolina. He was highly edu-\\ncated, and possessed a thorough knowledge of the geography, history and policy of\\nboth the French and English colonies in America. His work on the Administration\\nof the American Colonies passed through many editions. In 1756 he addressed a\\nmemorial to His Highness the Duke of Cumberland, on the conduct of the colonial war,\\nin which he recommended a plan for its further prosecution. The paper is a very\\nable one. Much of it compiled from the official letters of Marquis Vaudreuil, Governor-\\nGeneral of Canada, written between the years 1743 and 1752, showing the policy of the\\nFrench, and giving a minute description of their settlements, military establishments\\nin the west, their manner of dealing with the Indians, and a description of the river\\ncommunications of the French between their possessions in Canada and Louisiana. In\\n1776 he revised Evans celebrated map of the Middle British Provinces in America.\\nAfter his return to England he devoted himself to scientific pursuits. He was a warm\\nfriend of the American colonists in the contest with the mother country, and de-\\nnounced the measures of parliament concerning the colonies as harsh and wholly\\nunwarranted, and predicted the result that followed. He died in 1805.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "228 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nforcements from France, while the English, on the contrary, were\\nconstantly receiving troops from the mother country.\\nMons. de Aubry, commandant at Fort Chartes, persuaded four\\nhundred men from the Illinois country to follow him eastward.\\nTaking with him two hundred thousand pounds of flour, he em-\\nbarked his heterogeneous force in bateaux and canoes. The route\\nby way of the Ohio was closed the English were in possession of\\nits headwaters. He went down the Mississippi, thence up the Ohio\\nto the mouth of the Wabash. Having ascended the latter stream\\nto the Miami villages, near the present site of Fort Wayne, his fol-\\nlowers made the portage, passed down the Maumee, and entered\\nLake Erie.\\nDuring the whole course of their journey they were being con-\\nstantly reinforced by bands of different tribes of Indians, and by\\nCanadian militia as they passed the several posts, until the army\\nwas augmented to sixteen hundred men, of whom there were six\\nhundred French and one thousand Indians. An eye-witness, in\\nspeaking of the appearance of the force, said When they passed\\nthe little rapid at the outlet of Lake Erie (at Buffalo) the flotilla ap-\\npeared like a floating island, as the river was covered with their\\nbateaux and canoes.\\nAubry was compelled to leave his flour and provisions at the\\nMiami portage. He afterward requested M. de Port-neuf, com-\\nmandant at Presque Isle, to take charge of the portage, and to send\\nit constantly in his bateaux, f\\nBefore Aubry reached Presque Isle he was joined by other bodies\\nof Indians and Canadians from the region of the upper lakes. They\\nwere under the command of French traders and commandants of\\ninterior posts. At Fort Machaultj: he was joined by M. de Lignery\\nthe latter had assembled the Ohio Indians at Presque Isle. It was\\nthe original intention of Aubry to recapture Fort Du Quesne from\\nthe English. On the 12th of July a grand council was held at Fort\\nMachault, in which the commandant thanked the Indians for their\\nattendance, threw down the war belt, and told them he would set\\nout the next day for Fort Du Quesne. Soon after messengers arrived\\nwith a packet of letters for the officers. After reading them Aubry\\ntold the Indians: Children, I have received bad news; the Eng-\\nlish are gone against Niagara. We must give over thoughts of going\\ndown the river to Fort Du Quesne till we have cleared that place of\\n*Pouchot s Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 186, 187\\nfldem, p. 152.\\nLocated at the mouth of French Creek, Pennsylvania.\\nIdem, 187.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "aubky s campaign. 229\\nthe enemy. If it should be taken, our road to you is stopped, and\\nyou must become poor. Orders were immediately given to pro-\\nceed with the artillery, provisions, etc., up French Creek, and the\\nIndians prepared to follow.*\\nThese letters were from M. Pouchot, commandant at Niagara, f\\nand stated that he was besieged by a much superior force of English\\nand Indians, who were under the command of Gen. Predeaux and\\nSir William Johnson. Aubry answered these letters on the next day,\\nand said he thought they might fight the enemy successfully, and\\ncompel them to raise the siege. The Indians who brought these mes-\\nsages to Pouchot informed him that they, on the part of the Indians\\nwith Aubry and Lignery, had offered the Iroquois and other Indian\\nallies of the English five war belts if they would retire. These prom-\\nised that they would not mingle in the quarrel. We will here recall\\nthe fact that Pouchot, by his letter of the 10th, had notified Lignery\\nand Aubry that the enemy might be four or five thousand* strong\\nwithout the Indians, and if they could put themselves in condition\\nto attack so large a force, he should pass Chenondac to come to\\nNiagara by the other side of the river, where. he would be in con-\\ndition to drive the English, who were only two hundred strong on\\nthat side, and could not easily be reinforced. This done, they could\\neasily come to him, because after the defeat of this body they could\\nsend bateaux to bring them to the fort.\\nM. Pouchot now recalled his previous request, and informed\\nAubry that the enemy were in three positions, in one of which\\nthere were three thousand nine hundred Indians. He added, could\\nAubry succeed in driving the enemy from any of these positions,\\nhe had no doubt they would be forced to raise the siege.\\nAubry 1 s route was up French Creek to its head-waters, thence\\nmaking the portage to Presque Isle and sailing along the shores of\\nLake Erie until he reached Niagara. Arriving at the foot of Lake\\nErie he left one hundred and fifty men in charge of his canoes, and\\nwith the remainder advanced toward Niagara. Sir William John-\\nson was informed, on the evening of the 23d, of this advance of the\\nFrench, and ordered his light infantry and pickets to take post on\\nthe left, on the road between Niagara Falls and the fort; antl these,\\nafter reinforcing them with grenadiers and parts of the 46th and 44th\\nregiments, were so arranged as to effectually support the guard left\\nExtract from a letter dated July 17, 1759, of Col. Mercer, commandant at Fort\\nPitt, published in Craig s Olden Time, vol. 1, p. 194.\\nt Fort Niagara was one of the earliest French military posts, and situated on the\\nright, or American shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Niagara River. It has\\nfigured conspicuously in all of the wars on the lake frontier.\\nX Pouchot s Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 186, 187, 188.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "230 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nin the trenches. Most of his men were concealed either in the\\ntrenches or by trees.\\nOn the morning of the 24th the French made their appearance.\\nThey were marching along a path about eight feet wide, and were\\nin readiness to fight in close order and without ranks or files. On\\ntheir right were thirty Indians, who formed a front on the enemy s\\nleft. The Indians of the English army advanced to speak to those\\nof the French. Seeing the Iroquois in the latter s company, the\\nFrench Indians refused to advance, under pretext that they were at\\npeace with the first named. Though thus abandoned by their chief\\nforce, Aubry and Lignery still proceeded on their way, thinking\\nthat the few savages they saw were isolated men, till they reached\\na narrow pathway, when they discovered great numbers beyond.\\nThe English Indians then gave the war-whoop and the action com-\\nmenced. The English regulars attacked the French in front, while\\nthe Indians poured in on their flank. Thus surprised by an am-\\nbuscade, and deserted by their savage allies, the French proved easy\\nvictims to the prowess of far superior numbers. They were assailed\\nin front and rear by two thousand men. The rear of the column,\\nunable to resist, gave way, and left the head exposed to the enemy s\\nfire, which crushed it entirely. An Indian massacre followed, and\\nthe pursuit of the victors continued until they were compelled to\\ndesist by sheer fatigue. Almost all the French officers were killed,\\nwounded or taken prisoners. Among the latter was Aubry. Those\\nwho escaped joined M. Rocheblave, and with his detachment re-\\ntreated to Detroit and other western lake posts.*\\nThis defeat on the shores of Lake Erie was very severe on the\\nstruggling western settlements. Most all of the able-bodied men\\nhad gone with Aubry, many never to return. In 1760 M. de Mac-\\nJarty, commandant at Fort Chartes, in a letter to Marquis Yaudreuil,\\nstated that the garrison was weaker than ever before, the check at\\nNiagara having cost him the elite of his men. f\\nIt is apparent, from the desertion of Aubry by his savage allies,\\nthat they perceived that the English were certain to conquer in the\\nend. They felt no particular desire to prop a falling cause, and\\ntli ns de^rted Mons. Aubry at the crisis when their assistance was\\nmost needed. Thus was defeated the greatest French-Indian force\\never collected in the northwest.;}:\\nThe account of this action has been compiled from Mante, p. 226; Pouchot, vol. l r\\np. 192; and Garneau s History of Canada, vol. 2, pp. 250, 251, Bell s translation.\\nt Paris Documents, vol. 10, p. 1093.\\nAubry returned to Louisiana and remained there until after the peace of 1763.\\nIn 1765 he was appointed governor of Louisiana, and surrendered the colony, in March,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "THE DOWNFALL OF FRENCH RULE. 231\\nThe next day after Aubry s defeat, near Fort Niagara, the fortress\\nsurrendered.\\nAfter the surrender of Niagara and Fort Du Quesne, the Indian\\nallies of France retired to the deep recesses of the western forests,\\nand the English frontiers suffered no more from their depredations.\\nSettlements were gradually formed on the western side of the Alle-\\nghanies, and they remained secure from Indian invasions.\\nIn the meantime many Canadians, becoming satisfied that the\\nconquest of Canada was only a mere question of time, determined,\\nbefore that event took place, to remove to the French settlements\\non the lower Mississippi. Many of them accordingly departed\\nfrom Canada by way of the lakes, and thence through the Illinois\\nand Wabash Rivers to the Mississippi. 1\\nAfter the surrender of Quebec, in 1759, Montreal became the\\nheadquarters of the French in Canada, and in the spring of 1760\\nMons. Levi, the French commander-in-chief, besieged Quebec. The\\narrival of an English fleet compelled him to relinquish his designs.\\nAmherst and Johnson formed a junction, and advanced against\\nMontreal. The French governor of Canada, Marquis Vaudreil,\\nbelieving that further resistance was impossible, surrendered all\\nCanada to the English. This included the western posts of Detroit,\\nMackinaw, Fort Miami, Ouiatanon, Yincennes, Fort St. Joseph,\\netc.\\nAfter this war ceased to be waged in America, though the treaty\\nof Paris was not concluded until February, 1763, the most essential\\nparts of which are contained in the following extracts\\nIn order to establish peace on solid and durable foundations,\\nand to remove forever all subjects of dispute with regard to the\\nlimits of the British and French territories on the continent of\\nAmerica, it is agreed that for the future the confines between the\\ndominions of his Britannic Majesty and those of His Most Christian\\nMajesty in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a\\nline drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi from its source\\nto the River Iberville, and from thence by a line drawn along the\\nmiddle of this river and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to\\nthe sea and for this purpose the most Christian King cedes, in full\\nright, and guarantees to his Britannic Majesty, the river and port of\\nMobile, and everything which he possesses, or ought to possess, on\\nthe left side of the Mississippi, with the exception of the town of\\n1766, to the Spanish governor, Ulloa. After the expulsion of Ulloa, he held the\\ngovernment until relieved by O Reilly, in July, 1769. He soon afterward sailed for\\nFrance. The vessel was lost, and Aubry perished in the depths of the sea.\\nMonette s Valley of the Mississippi, vol. 1, p. 305.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "232 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nNew Orleans and of the island on which it is situated it being well\\nunderstood that the navigation of the Mississippi shall be equally\\nfree, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France,\\nin its whole length and breadth, from its source to the sea.\\nThus Gallic rule came to an end in North America. Its downfall\\nwas the result of natural causes, and was owing largely to the differ-\\nence between the Frenchmen and the Englishmen. The former, as\\na rule, gave no attention to agriculture, but found occupation in\\nhunting and trading with the Indians, acquiring nomadic habits that\\nunfitted them for the cultivation of the soil their families dwelt in\\nvillages separated by wide stretches of wilderness. AYhile the able\\nmen were hunting and trading, the old men, women and children\\nproduced scanty crops sown in common fields, 11 or inclosures of a\\npiece of ground which were portioned off among the families of the\\nvillage. The Englishman, on the other hand, loved to own land,\\nand pushed his improvements from the coast line up through all the\\nvalleys extending westward. Reaching the summit of the Allegha-\\nnies, the tide of emigration flowed into the valleys beyond. Every\\ncabin was a fort, every advancing farm a new line of intrenchrnent.\\nThe distinguishing characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is consistency\\nand firmness in his designs, and, more than all, his love for a home.\\nIn the trials and hardships necessarily connected with the opening\\nup of the wilderness these traits come prominently into play. The\\nresult was, that the English colonies prospered in a degree hitherto\\nunknown in the annals of the world s progress. And by way of con-\\ntrast, how little did the French have to show in the way of lasting\\nimprovements in the northwest after it had been in their possession\\nfor nearly a century!\\nHowever, the very traits that disqualified the Gaul as a successful\\ncolonist gave him a preeminent advantage over the Anglo-Saxon in\\nthe influence he exerted upon the Indian. He did not want their\\n0n the 3d day of the previous November, France, by a secret treaty ceded\\nto Spain all her possessions west of the Mississippi. His Most Christian Majesty\\nmade known to the inhabitants of Louisiana the fact of the cession by a letter, dated\\nApril 21, 1764. Don Ulloa, the New Spanish governor, arrived at New Orleans\\nin 1766. The French inhabitants objected to the transfer of Louisiana to Spain, and,\\nresorting to arms, compelled Ulloa to return to Havana. In 1769, O Reilly, with a\\nSpanish force, arrived and took possession. He killed six of the ringleaders and sent\\nothers to Cuba. Spain remained in possession of Louisiana until March, 1801, when\\nLouisiana was retroceded to the French republic. The French made preparations to\\noccupy Lousiana, and an army of twenty-five thousand men was designed for that\\nterritory, but the fleet and army were suddenly blockaded in one of the ports of Hol-\\nland by an English squadron. This occurrence, together with the gloomy aspect of\\naffairs in Europe, induced Napoleon, who was then at the head of the French republic,\\nto cede Louisiana to the United States. The tneaty was dated April 30, 1803. The\\nactual transfer occurred in December of the same year. Vide Stoddard s Sketches of\\nLouisiana, pp. 71, 102.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "FRENCH WAYS WITH THE INDIANS. 233\\nlands he fraternized with them, adopted their ways, and nattered\\nand pleased them. The Anglo-Saxon wanted their lands. From\\nthe start he was clamorous for deeds and cessions of territory, and\\nat once began crowding the Indian out of the country. The Iro-\\nquois told Sir Wm. Johnson that they believed soon they should not\\nbe able to hunt a bear into a hole in a tree but some Englishman\\nwould claim a right to the property of it, as being found in his\\ntree. 1\\nThe happiness which the Indians enjoyed from their intercourse\\nwith the French was their perpetual theme it was their golden age.\\nThose who are old enough to remember it speak of it with rap-\\nture, and teach their children to venerate it, as the ancients did the\\nreign of Saturn. You call us your children, said an aged chief to\\nGen. Harrison, why do you not make us happy, as our fathers the\\nFrench did? They never took from us our lands, which, indeed,\\nwere in common between us. They planted where they pleased,\\nand cut wood where they pleased, and so did we but now, if a poor\\nIndian attempts to take a little bark from a tree to cover him from\\nthe rain, up comes a white man and threatens to shoot him, claim-\\ning the tree as his own. f\\n*Pownall s Administration of the Colonies.\\nt Memoirs of Gen. Harrison, p. 134.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXII.\\nPONTIAC S WAR TO RECOVER THE NORTHWEST FROM THE ENGLISH.\\nAfter the surrender of Canada to the English by the Marquis\\nVaudreuil, Sir Jeffery Amherst, commander-in-chief of His Majesty s\\nforces in North America, ordered Major Robert Rogers to ascend\\nthe lakes and take possession of the western forts. On the 13th of\\nSeptember Rogers, with two hundred of his rangers, left Montreal.\\nAfter weeks of weary traveling, they reached the mouth of Cuyahoga\\nRiver, the present site of Cleveland, on the 7th of November. Here\\nthey were met by Pontiac, a celebrated Ottawa chieftain, who asked\\nRogers what his intentions were, and how he dared enter that coun-\\ntry without his permission. Rogers replied that the French had\\nbeen defeated that Canada was surrendered into the hands of the\\nBritish and that he was on his way to take possession of Detroit,\\nMackinaw, Miamis and Ouitanon. He also proposed to restore a\\ngeneral peace to white men and Indians alike. Pontiac listened\\nwith attention, but only replied that he should stand in the path of\\nthe English until morning. In the morning he returned, and\\nallowed the English to advance. He said there would be no trouble\\nso long as they treated him with deference and respect.\\nEmbarking on the 12th of November, they arrived in a few days\\nat Maumee Bay, at the western end of Lake Erie. The western\\nIndians, to the number of four hundred, had collected at the mouth\\nof Detroit River. They were determined to massacre the entire party\\nunder Rogers. It afterward appeared that they were acting under\\nthe influence of the Trench commandant at Detroit. Rogers pre-\\nvailed upon Pontiac to use his influence to induce the warlike\\nIndians to disband. After some parleying, Pontiac succeeded, and\\nthe road was open to Detroit.\\nBefore his arrival at Detroit Rogers had sent in advance Lieuten-\\nant Brehm with a letter to Captain Beletre, the commandant, inform-\\ning the latter that his garrison was included in the surrender of\\nCanada. Beletre wholly disregarded the letter. He declared he\\nthought it was a trick of the English, and that they intended to\\nobtain possession of his fortress by treachery. He made use of\\nevery endeavor to excite the Indians against the English. He\\n234", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "DETROIT SURRENDERED. 235\\ndisplayed upon a pole, before the yelling multitude, the effigy of a\\ncrow pecking a man s head, the crow representing himself, and the\\nhead, observes Rogers, being meant for my own.\\nRogers then sent forward Captain Campbell kt with a copy of the\\ncapitulation and a letter from the Marquis Yaudreuil, directing that\\nthe place should be given up in accordance with the articles agreed\\nupon between him and General Amherst. The French command-\\nant could hold out no longer, and, much against his will, was com-\\npelled to deliver the fortress to the English. The lilies of France\\nwere lowered from the flagstaff, and their place was taken by the\\ncross of St. George. Seven hundred Indian warriors and their\\nfamilies, all of whom had aided the French by murdering innocent\\nwomen and children on the frontiers of Pennsylvania and New York,\\ngreeted the change with demoniacal yells of apparent pleasure but\\nconcealed in their breasts was a natural dislike for the English.\\nDissembling for the present, they kept their hatred to themselves,\\nfor the late successes of British arms had awed them into silence.\\nIt was on the 29th of November, 1700, that Detroit was given\\nover to the English. The garrison, as prisoners of war. were taken\\nto Philadelphia.\\nRogers sent an officer up the Maumee, and from thence down the\\nWabash, to take possession of the posts at the portage and at Oui-\\natanon. Both of these objects were attained without any difficulty.\\nOn account of the lateness of the season the detachment which\\nhad started for Mackinaw returned to Detroit, and all efforts against\\nthe posts on the upper lakes were laid aside until the following sea-\\nson. In that year the English took possession of Mackinaw, Green\\nBay and St. Joseph. The French still retained possession of Vin-\\ncennes and Fort Chartes.f\\nIt always was the characteristic policy of the French to render\\nthe savages dependent upon them, and with that design in view they\\nhad earnestly endeavored to cultivate among the Indians a desire for\\nEuropean goods. By prevailing upon the Indians to throw aside\\nhides and skins of wild beasts for clothing of European manufacture,\\nto discontinue the use of their pottery for cooking utensils of iron,\\nto exchange the bow and arrow and stone weapons for the gun, the\\nknife and hatchet of French manufacture, it was thought that in the\\ncourse of one or two generations they would become dependent upon\\ntheir French neighbors for the common necessaries of life. When\\nParkman s Conspiracy of Pontiac, p. 150.\\nt This account of the delivery of the western forts to Rogers has been collated from\\nhis Journal and from. Parkman s Conspiracy of Pontiac.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "236 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthis change in their customs had taken place, by simply withholding\\nthe supply of ammunition they could coerce the savages to adopt any\\nmeasures that the French government saw fit to propose. The pol-\\nicy of the French was not to force, but to lead, the savages into sub-\\njection. They told the barbarians that they were the children of the\\ngreat king, who had sent his people among them to preserve them\\nfrom their implacable enemies, the English. Flattering them, asking\\ntheir advice, bestowing upon them presents, and, above all, showing\\nthem respect and deference, the French gained the good will of the\\nsavages in a degree that no other European nation ever equaled.\\nAfter the surrender of the western posts all this was changed. The\\naccustomed presents formerly bestowed upon them were withheld.\\nEnglish traders robbed, bullied and cheated them. English officers\\ntreated them with rudeness and contempt. But, most of all, the\\nsteady advance of the English colonists over the mountains, occupy-\\ning their lands, driving away their game, and forcing them to retire\\nfarther west, alarmed and exasperated the aborigines to the limit of\\nendurance. The wrongs and neglect the Indians felt were inflamed\\nby the French coureurs de hois and traders. They had every motive\\nto excite the tribes against the English, such as their national rancor,\\ntheir religious antipathies, and most especially the fear of losing the\\nprofitable Indian trade. Every effort was made to excite and in-\\nflame the slumbering passions of the tribes of the Northwest. Secret\\ncouncils were held, and different plans for obtaining possession of\\nthe western fortresses were discussed. The year after Rogers ob-\\ntained Detroit there was, in the summer, an outbreak, but it was\\neasily quelled, being only local. The next year, also, there was\\nanother disturbance, but it, like the former, did not spreads\\nDuring these two years one Indian alone, Pontiac, compre-\\nhended the situation. He read correctly the signs and portents of\\nthe times. He well knew that English supremacy on the North\\nAmerican continent meant the destruction of his race. He saw the\\ngreat difference between the English and the French. The former\\nwere settlers, the latter traders. The French came to the far west\\nfor their beaver skins and peltries, while the English would only be\\nsatisfied with their lands. Pontiac soon arrived at the conclusion\\nthat unless the ceaseless flow of English immigration was stopped,\\nit would not be many decades before the Indian race would be\\ndriven from the face of the earth. Well has time justified this opin-\\nion of the able Indian chieftain!\\nTo accomplish his designs, Pontiac was well aware that he must\\ninduce all the tribes of the northwest to join him. Even then he", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "PONTIAC S WAR. 1 :!7\\nhad doubts of final success. To encourage him, the French traders\\ninformed him that the English had stolen Canada while their com-\\nmon father was asleep at Versailles that he would soon awaken and\\nagain wrest his domains from the intruders that even now large\\nFrench armies were on their way up the St. Lawrence and Missis-\\nsippi rivers. Pontiac believed these tales, for let it be borne in\\nmind that this was previous to the treaty of Paris, and late in the\\nautumn of 1762 he sent emissaries with black wampum and the red\\ntomahawk to the villages of the Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Sacs,\\nFoxes, Menominees, Illinois, Miamis, Shawnees, Delawares, Wyan-\\ndots, Kickapoos and Senecas. These emissaries were instructed to\\ninform the various tribes that the English had determined to exter-\\nminate the northwestern Indians to accomplish this they intended\\nto erect numerous fortifications in the territory named and also\\nthat the English had induced the southern Indians to aid them.* To\\navert these inimical designs of the English, the messengers of Pon-\\ntiac proposed that on a certain day all the tribes, by concerted action,\\nshould seize all the English posts and then attack the whole English\\nborder.\\nPontiac s plan was contrived and developed with wonderful\\nsecrecy, and all of a sudden the conspiracy burst its fury simultane-\\nously over all the forts held by the British west of the Alleghanies.\\nBy stratagem or forcible assault every garrison west of Pittsburgh,\\nexcepting Detroit, was captured.\\nFort St. Joseph, on the river of that name, in the present state of\\nMichigan, was captured by the Pottawatomies. These emissaries of\\nPontiac collected about the fort on the 23d of May, 1763, and under\\nthe guise of friendship effected an entrance within the palisades,\\nwhen they suddenly turned upon and massacred the whole garrison,\\nexcept the commandant, Ensign Slussee and three soldiers, whom\\nthey made prisoners and sent to Detroit.\\nThe Ojibbeways effected an entry within the defenses of Fort\\nMackinaw, the gate being left open while the Indians were amusing\\nthe officer and soldiers with a game of ball. In the play the ball\\nwas knocked over within the palisade. The players, hurrying\\nthrough the gates, seemingly intent on regaining the ball, seized\\ntheir knives and guns from beneath the blankets of their squaws,\\nwhere they had been purposely concealed, and commenced an indis-\\ncriminate massacre, f\\nThe Chickasaws and Cherokees were at that time, though on their own responsi-\\nbility, waging war aginst some of the tribes of the northwest.\\nfA detailed account of this most horrible massacre is given by the fur-trader Alex-", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "238 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nEnsign Holmes, who was in command at Fort Miami,* learned\\nthat to the Miamis in the vicinity of his post was allotted the de-\\nstruction of his garrison. Holmes collected the Indians in an\\nassembly, and charged them with forming a conspiracy against his\\npost. They confessed said that they were influenced by hostile\\nIndians, and promised to relinquish their designs. The village of\\nPontiac was within a short distance of the post, and some of his im-\\nmediate followers doubtless attended the assembly. Holmes sup-\\nposed he had partially allayed their irritation, as appears from a\\nletter written ftom him to Major Gladwyn.f\\nOn the 27th of May a young Indian squaw, who was the mistress\\nof Holmes, requested him to visit a sick Indian woman who lived in\\na wigwam near at hand. Having confidence in the girl. Holmes\\nfollowed her out of the fort. Two Indians, who were concealed\\nbehind the hut, as he approached it, fired and stretched him life-\\nless on the ground. The sergeant rushed outside of the palisade\\nto learn the cause of the firing. He was immediately seized by the\\nIndians. The garrison, who by this time had become thoroughly\\nalarmed, and had climbed upon the palisades, was ordered to surren-\\nder by one Godefroy, a Canadian. They were informed, if they\\nsubmitted their lives would be spared, otherwise they all would be\\nmassacred. Having lost their officers and being in great terror, they\\nthrew open the gate and gave themselves up as prisoners. Accord-\\ning to tradition, the garrison was afterward massacred.;*:\\nFort Ouiatanon was under the command of Lieut. Jenkins, who\\nhad no suspicion of any Indian troubles, and on the 1st of June,\\nwhen he was requested by some of the Indians to visit them in their\\ncabins near by, he unhesitatingly complied with the request. Upon\\nhis entering the hut he was immediately seized by the Indian war-\\nriors. Through various other stratagems of a similar nature several\\nof the soldiers were also taken. Jenkins was then told to have the\\nsoldiers m the fort surrender. For, said the Indians, should\\nyour men kill one of our braves, we shall put you all to death.\\nander Henry, an eye-witness and one of the few survivors, in his interesting Book of\\nTravels and Adventures, p. 85.\\nNow Fort Wayne.\\nFort Miamis, March 30th, 1763.\\nf Since my Last Letter to You, wherein I Acquainted You of the Bloody Belt being\\nin this Village, I have made all the search I could about it, and have found it not to be\\nTrue; Whereon I Assembled all the chiefs of this Nation, after a long and trouble-\\nsome Spell with them, I Obtained the Belt, with a Speech, as You will Receive En-\\nclosed; This affair is very timely Stopt, and I hope the News of a Peace will put a\\nStop to any further Troubles with these Indians, who are the Principal Ones of Setting\\nMischief on Foot. I send you the Belt, with this Packet, which I hope You will For-\\nward to the General.\\nBrice s History of Fort Wayne.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "PONTIAC S FAILURE. 239\\nJenkins thinking that resistance would be useless, ordered the re-\\nmaining soldiers to deliver the fort to the Indians. During the\\nnight the Indians resolved to break their plighted word, and mas-\\nsacre all their prisoners. Two of the French residents, M. M. Mai-\\ngonville and Lorain, gave the Indians valuable presents, including\\nwampum, brandy, etc., and thus preserved the lives of the English\\ncaptives. Jenkms, in his letter to Major Gladwyn, commandant at\\nDetroit, states that the Weas were not favorably inclined toward\\nPontiac s designs but being coerced by the surrounding tribes, they\\nundertook to carry out their part of the programme. Well did they\\nsucceed. Lieut. Jenkins, with the other prisoners, were, within a\\nfew days afterward, sent across the prairies of Illinois to Fort Char-\\ntres.\\nDetroit held out, though regularly besieged by Pontiac in person,\\nfor more than fifteen months, when, at last, the suffering garrison\\nwas relieved by the approach of troops under Gen. Bradstreet. In\\nthe meantime Pontiac confederates, wearied and disheartened by the\\nprotracted struggle, longed for peace. Several tribes abandoned the\\ndeclining fortune of Pontiac and finally the latter gave up the con-\\ntest, and retired to the neighborhood of Fort Miamis.- Here he\\nremained for several months, when he went westward, down the\\nWabash and across the prairies to Fort Chartres. The latter fort\\nremained in possession of a French officer, not having been as yet\\nsurrendered to the English, the hostility of the Indians preventing\\nits delivery and by agreements of the two governments, France\\nand England, it was left in charge of the veteran St. Ange.\\nThe English having acquired the territory herein considered, by\\nconquest and treaty, from France, renewed their efforts to reclaim\\nauthority over it from its aboriginal inhabitants. To effect this\\nobject, they now resort to conciliation and diplomacy. They sent\\nwestward George Croghan.\\nAfter closing a treaty with the Indians at Fort Pitt, Croghan\\nstarted on his mission on the 15th of May 1765, going down the\\nOhio in two bateaux. His movements were known to the hostile\\nCroghan was an old trader who had spent his life among the Indians, and was\\nversed in their language, ways and habits of thought, and who well knew how to flat-\\nter and cajole them. Besides this. Croghan enjoyed the advantage of a personal ac-\\nquaintance with many of the chiefs and principal men of the Wabash tribes, who had\\nmet him while trading at Pickawillany and other places where he had trading estab-\\nlishments. Among the Miami, Wea and Piankashaw bands Croghan had many Indian\\nfriends whose attachments toward him were very warm. He was a veteran, up to all\\nthe arts of the Indian council house, and had in years gone by conducted many impor-\\ntant treaties between the authorities of New York and Pennsylvania with the Iroquois,\\nDelawares and Shawnees. In the war for the fur trade Croghan suffered severely; the\\nFrench captured his traders, confiscated his goods, and bankrupted his fortune.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "240 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntribes. A war party of eighty Kickapoos and Mascoutins, spirited\\nup to the act by the French traders at Ouiatanon, as Croghan says\\nin his Journal, left the latter place, and captured Croghan and his\\nparty at daybreak on the 8th of June, in the manner narrated in a\\nprevious chapter.* He was carried to Vincennes, his captors con-\\nducting him a devious course through marshes, tangled forests and\\nsmall prairie, to the latter place. f\\nAfter Croghan had procured wearing apparel ^his captors had\\nstripped him well-nigh naked) and purchased some horses he\\ncrossed the Wabash, and soon entered the great prairie which he\\ndescribes in extracts we have already taken from his journal. His\\nroute was up through Crawford, Edgar and Yermilion counties, fol-\\nlowing the old traveled trail running along the divide between the\\nEmbarrass and the Wabash, and which was a part of the great high-\\nway leading from Detroit to Kaskaskia;:}: crossed the Yermilion\\nRiver near Danville, thence along the trail through Warren county,\\nIndiana. Croghan, still a prisoner in charge of his captors, reached\\nOuiatonon on the afternoon of the 23d of June.\u00c2\u00a7 Here the Weas,\\n*P. 161.\\nf Croghan, in his Journal, says: I found Vincennes a village of eighty or ninety\\nFrench families, settled on the east side of the river, being one of the finest situations\\nthat can be found. The French inhabitants hereabouts are an idle, lazy people, a\\nparcel of renegadoes from Canada, and are much worse than the Indians. They took\\nsecret pleasure at our misfortune, and the moment we arrived they came to the Indians,\\nexchanging trifles for their valuable plunder. Here is likewise an Indian village of\\nPiankashaws, who were much displeased with the party that took me, telling them\\nthat our and your chiefs are gone to make peace, and you have begun war, for which\\nour women and children will have reason to cry. Port Vincent is a place of great\\nconsequence for trade, being a fine hunting country all along the Wabash.\\nThat part of the route from Kaskaskia east, from the earliest settlement of Illi-\\nnois and Indiana, was called the old Vincennes trace. This trace, says Gov.\\nReynolds, in his Pioneer History of Illinois, p. 79, was celebrated in Illinois. The\\nIndians laid it out more than one hundred and fifty years ago. It commenced at\\nDetroit, thence to Ouiatonon, on the Wabash, thence to Vincennes and thence to Kas-\\nkaskia. It was the Appian way of Illinois in ancient times. It is yet (in 1852) visible\\nin many places between Kaskaskia and Vincennes. It was also visible for years after\\nthe white settlements began, between the last place, the Vermilion and Ouiatonon, on\\nthe route described. [Author.\\nCroghan says of Ouiatonon that there were about fourteen French families liv-\\ning in the fort, which stands on the north side of the river; that the Kickapoos and\\nMascoutins, whose warriors had taken us, live nigh the fort, on the same side of the\\nriver, where they have two villages, and the Ouicatonons or Wawcottonans [as Croghan\\nvariously spells the name of the WeasJ have a village on the south side of the river.\\nOn the south side of the Wabash runs a. high bank, in which are several very fine\\ncoal mines, and behind this bank is a very large meadow, clear for several miles. The\\nprinter made a mistake in setting up Croghan s manuscript, or else Croghan himself\\ncommitted an unintentional error in his diary in substituting the word south for north\\nin describing the side of the river on which the appearances of coal banks are found. The\\nonly locality on the banks of the Wabash, above the Vermilion, where the carbonifer-\\nous shales resembling coal are exposed is on the west, or north bank, of the river, about\\nfour miles above Independence, at a place known as Black Rock which, says Prof.\\nCollett, in his report on the geology of Warren county, Indiana, published in the Geolog-\\nical Survey of Indiana for 1873, pp. 224-5, is a notable and romantic feature in the river\\nscenery. A precipitous or overhanging cliff exhibits an almost sheer descent of a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "SUCCESS OF CROGHAN S MISSION. 241\\nfrom the opposite side of the river, took great interest in Mr.\\nCroghan, and were deeply concerned at what had happened.\\nThey charged the Kiekapoos and Mascoutins to take the greatest\\ncare of him, and the Indians and white men captured with him, until\\ntheir chiefs should arrive from Fort Chartres, whither they had gone,\\nsome time before, to meet him, and who were necessarily ignorant of\\nhis being captured on his way to the same place. From the 1th to\\nthe sth of July Croghan held conferences with the Weas, Pianke-\\nshaws, Kiekapoos and Mascoutins, in which, he says, I was lucky\\nenough to reconcile those nations to His Majesty s interests, and ob-\\ntained their consent to take possession of the posts in their country\\nwhich the French formerly possessed, and they offered their services\\nshould any nation oppose our taking such possession, all of which they\\nconfirmed by four large pipes. On the 11th a messenger arrived\\nfrom Fort Chartres requesting the Indians to take Croghan and his\\nparty thither and as Fort Chartres was the place to which he had\\noriginally designed going, he desired the chiefs to get ready to set\\nout with him for that place as soon as possible. On the 13th the\\nchiefs from the Miamis came in and renewed their ancient\\nfriendship with His Majesty. On the 18th Croghan, with his party\\nand the chiefs of the Miami and other tribes we have mentioned,\\nforming an imposing procession, started off across the country\\ntoward Fort Chartres. On the way (neither Croghan s official report\\nor his private journal show the place) they met the great Pontiac\\nhimself, together with the deputies of the Iroquois, Delawares and\\nShawnees,! who had gone on around to Fort Chartres with Capt.\\nhundred and forty feet to the Wabash, at its foot. The top is composed of yellow, red,\\nbrown or black conglomerate sandrock, highly ferruginous, and in part pebbly. At the\\nbase of the sandrock, where it joins upon the underlying carbonaceous, and pyritous\\nshales are pot 1 or rock-houses, which so constantly accompany this formation in\\nsouthern Indiana. Some of these, of no great height, have been tunneled back under\\nthe cliff to a distance, of thirty or forty feet by force of the ancient river once flowing\\nat this level. 1 The position, in many respects, is like Starved Rock, on the Illinois,\\nwhere La Salle built Fort St. Louis, and commands a fine view of the Wea plains,\\nacross the river eastward, and, before the recent growth of timber, of an arm of the\\nGrand Prairie to the westward. The stockade fort and trading-post of Ouiatonon has\\noften been confounded with the Wea villages, which were strung for several miles along\\nthe margin of the prairie, near the river, between Attica and La Fayette, on the south\\nor east side of the river; and some writers have mistaken it for the village of Keth-\\ntip-e-ca-nuk, situated on the north bank of the Wabash River, near the mouth of the\\nTippecanoe. The fort was abandoned as a military post after its capture from the\\nBritish by the Indians. It was always a place of considerable trade to the English, as\\nwell as the French. Thomas Hutchins, in his Historical and Topographical Atlas, pub-\\nlished in 1778, estimates the annual amount of skins and furs obtained at Ouiatonon\\nat forty thousand dollars.\\nCroghan s official report to Sir Wm. Johnson: London Documents, vol. 7, p. 780.\\nt These last-named Indian deputies, with Mr. Frazer, had gone down the Ohio with\\nCroghan, and thence on to Fort Chartres. Not hearing anything from Croghan, or\\nknowing what had become of him, Pontiac and these Indian deputies, on learning that\\nCroghan was at Ouiatanon, set out for that place to meet him.\\n16", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "242 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nFrazer. The whole party, with deputies from the Illinois Indians,\\nnow returned to Ouiatanon, and there held another conference, in\\nwhich were settled all matters with the Illinois Indians. Pontiac\\nand the Illinois deputies agreed to everything which the other tribes\\nhad conceded in the previous conferences at Ouiatanon, all of which\\nwas ratified with a solemn formality of pipes and belts.\\nHere, then, upon the banks of the Wabash at Ouiatonon, did the\\nIndian tribes, with the sanction of Pontiac, solemnly surrender pos-\\nsession of the northwest territory to the accredited agent of Great\\nBritain, f Croghan and his party, now swollen to a large body by\\nthe accession of the principal chiefs of the several nations, set out\\nfor the Miamis, and traveled the whole way through a fine rich\\nbottom, alongside the Ouabache, arriving at Eel River on the 27th.\\nAbout six miles up this river they found a small village of the\\nTwightwee, situated on a very delightful spot of ground on the bank\\nof the river. Croghan s private journal continues: July 28th,\\n29th, 30th and 31st we traveled still alongside the Eel River, passing\\nthrough line clear woods and some good meadows, though not so\\nlarge as those we passed some days before. The country is more\\novergrown with woods, the soil is sufficiently rich, and well watered\\nwith springs.\\nOn the 1st of August they arrived at the carrying place be-\\ntween the River Miamis and the Ouabache, which is about nine miles\\nlong in dry seasons, but not above half that length in freshets. 1\\nWithin a mile of the Twightwee village, says Croghan, I was\\nmet by the chiefs of that nation, who received us very kindly. Most\\npart of these Indians knew me, and conducted me to their village,\\nwhere they immediately hoisted an English flag that had formerly\\ngiven them at Fort Pitt. The next day they held a council, after\\nwhich they gave me up all the English prisoners they had, and ex-\\npressed the pleasure it gave them to see [that] the unhappy differ-\\nences which had embroiled the several nations in a war with their\\nbrethren, the English, were now so near a happy conclusion, and\\nthat peace was established in their country.\\nCroghan s official report, already quoted.\\nf It is true that Pontiac, with deputies of all the westward tribes, followed Croghan\\nto Detroit, where another conference took place; but this was only a more formal rati-\\nfication of the surrender which the Indians declared they had already made of the\\ncountry at Ouiatonon.\\n^The Miami Indian name of this village was Ke-na-pa-com-a-qua. Its French\\nname was A l Anguille, or Eel River town. The Miami name of Eel River was Kin-\\nna-peei-kuoh Sepe, or Water Snake (the Indians call the eel a water-snake fish) River.\\nThe village was situated on the north bank of Eel River, about six miles from Logans-\\nport. It was scattered along the l-iver for some three miles.\\n\u00c2\u00a7The following is Mr. Croghan s description of the Miamis, as it appeared in", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "PONTIAC S TRAGIC DEATH. 24:5\\nFrom the Miamis the party proceeded down the Maumee in\\ncanoes. About ninety miles, continues the journal, from the Miamis\\nor Twightwee we came to where a large river, that heads in a large\\nlick^ falls into the Miami River; this they call The Forks.\\nThe Ottawas claim this country and hunt here.* This nation for-\\nmerly lived at Detroit, but are now settled here on account of the\\nrichness of the country, where game is always to be found in plenty. 1\\nFrom Defiance Croghan s party were obliged to drag their canoes\\nseveral miles, on account of the rifts which interrupt the naviga-\\ntion, at the end of which they came to a village of Wyandottes, who\\nreceived them kindly. From thence they proceeded in their canoes\\nto the mouth of the Maumee. Passing several large bays and a\\nnumber of rivers, they reached the Detroit River on the 16th of\\nAugust, and Detroit on the following morning, f\\nAs for Pontiac, his fate was tragical. He was fond of the French,\\nand often visited the Spanish post at St. Louis, whither many of his\\nold friends had gone from the Illinois side of the river. One day in\\n1767, as is supposed, he came to Mr. St. Ange (this veteran soldier\\nof France still remained in the country), and said he was going over\\nto Cahokia to visit the Kaskaskia Indians. St. Ange endeavored to\\ndissuade him from it, reminding him of the little friendship existing\\nbetween him and the British. Pontiac s answer was Captain, I\\nam a man. I know how to fight. I have always fought openly.\\nThey will not murder me, and if any one attacks me as a brave man,\\n1765: The Twightwee village is situated on both sides of a river called St. Joseph s.\\nThis river, where it falls into the Miami River, about a quarter of a mile from this\\nplace, is one hundred yards wide, on the east side of which stands a stockade fort some-\\nwhat ruinous. The Indian village consists of about forty or fifty cabins, besides nine\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2or ten French houses, a runaway colony from Detroit during the late Indian war; they\\nwere concerned in it, and being afraid of punishment came to this post, where they\\n.have ever since spirited up the Indians against the English. All the French residing\\n.here are a lazy, indolent people, fond of breeding mischief, and they should not be\\nsuffered to remain. The country is pleasant, the soil rich and well watered.\\n*The place referred to is the mouth of the Auglaize, often designated as The\\nForks in many of the early accounts of the country. It may be noted that Croghan,\\nlike nearly all other early travelers, overestimates distances.\\nf Croghan describes Detroit as a large stockade inclosing about eighty houses. It\\nstands on the north side of the river on a high bank, and commands a very pleasant\\nprospect for nine miles above and below the fort. The country is thick settled with\\nFrench. Their plantations are generally laid out about three or four acres in breadth\\non the river, and eighty acres in depth; the soil is good, producing plenty of grain.\\nAll the people here are generally poor wretches, and consist of three or four hundred\\nFrench families, a lazy, idle people, depending chiefly on the savages for their subsist-\\nence. Though the land, with little labor, produces plenty of grain, they scarcely raise as\\nmuch as will supply their wants, in imitation of Indians, whose manners and customs\\nthey have entirely adopted, and cannot subsist without them. The men, women and\\nchildren speak the Indian tongue perfectly well. At the conclusion of the lengthy\\nconferences with the Indians, in which all matters were settled to their satisfaction,\\nCroghan set out from Detroit for Niagara, coasting along the north shore of Lake Erie\\nin a birch canoe, arriving at the latter place on the 8th of October.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nI am his match. Pontiac went over the river, was feasted, got\\ndrunk, and retired to the woods to sing medicine songs. In the\\nmeanwhile, an English merchant named Williamson bribed a Kas-\\nkaskia Indian with a barrel of rum and promises of a greater reward\\nif he would take Pontiac s life. Pontiac was struck with a pa-ka-\\nma-gon tomahawk, and his skull fractured, causing death. This\\nmurder aroused the vengeance of all the Indian tribes friendly to\\nPontiac, and brought about the war resulting in the almost total ex-\\ntermination of the Illinois nation. He was a remarkably fine-looking\\nman, neat in his person, and tasty in dress and in the arrangement\\nof his ornaments. His complexion is said to have approached that\\nof the whites. St. Ange, hearing of Pontiac s death, kindly took\\ncharge of the body, and gave it a decent burial near the fort, the\\nsite of which is now covered by the city of St. Louis. Neither\\nmound nor tablet, says Francis Parkman, marked the burial-\\nplace of Pontiac. For a mausoleum a city has arisen above the for-\\nest hue, and the race whom he hated with such burning rancor tram-\\nple with unceasing footsteps over his forgotten grave.\\n*I. N. Nicollet s Report, etc., p. 81. Mr. Nicollet received his information con-\\ncerning Pontiac from Col. Pierre Chouteau, of St. Louis, and Col. Pierre Menard, of\\nKaskaskia, who were personally acquainted with the facts.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIII.\\nGEN. CLARK S CONQUEST OF THE ILLINOIS.\\nAfter the Indians had submitted to English rule the west en-\\njoyed a period of quiet. When the American colonists, long com-\\nplaining against the oppressive acts of the mother country, broke\\nout into open revolt, and the war of the revolution fairly began,\\nthe English, from the westward posts of Detroit, Vincennes and\\nKaskaskia, incited the Indians\\nagainst the frontier settlements,\\nand from these depots supplied\\ntheir war parties with guns and\\nammunition. The depredations\\nof the Indians in Kentucky were\\nso severe that in the fall of 1777\\nGeorge Rogers Clark conceived,\\nand next year executed, an expe-\\ndition against the French settle-\\nments of Kaskaskia and Vin-\\ncennes, which not only relieved\\nKentucky from the incursions\\nof the savages, but at the same\\ntime resulted in consequences\\nwhich are without parallel in the\\nannals of the Northwest.*\\n6EN. CLARK.\\nGen. Clark was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, on the 19th of November,\\n1752, and died and was buried at Locust Grove, near Louisville, Kentucky, in February,\\n1818. He came to Kentucky in the spring of 1775, and became early identified as a\\nconspicuous leader in the border wars of that country. The border settlers of Kentucky\\ncould not successfully contend against the numerous and active war parties from the\\nWabash who were continually lurking in their neighborhoods, coming, as Indians do,\\nstealthily, striking a blow where least expected, and escaping before assistance could\\nrelieve the localities which they devastated, killing women and children, destroying\\nlive stock and burning the pioneers cabins. Clark conceived the idea of capturing\\nVincennes and Kaskaskia. Keeping his plans to himself, he proceeded to Williams-\\nburg and laid them before Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, who promptly\\naided in their execution. From Gov. Henry Clark received two sets of instructions,\\none, to enlist seven companies of men, ostensibly for the protection of the people of\\nKentucky, which at that time was a county of Virginia, the other, a secret order, to\\nattack the British post of Kaskaskia! The result of his achievements was overshad-\\nowed by the stirring events of the revolution eastward of the Alleghanies, where other\\nheroes were winning a glory that dazzled while it drew public attention exclusively to\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2245", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "246 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe account here given of Clark^s campaign in The Illinois is\\ntaken from a manuscript memoir composed by Clark himself, at the\\njoint request of Presidents Jefferson and Madison.* We prefer\\ngiving the account in Gen. Clark s own words, as far as practicable.\\nThe memoir of Gen. Clark proceeds: On the (24th) of June,\\n1778, we left our little island, f and run about a mile up the river in\\norder to gain the main channel, and shot the falls at the very mo-\\nment of the sun being in a great eclipse, which caused various con-\\njectures among the superstitious. As I knew that spies were kept\\non the river below the towns of the Illinois, I had resolved to march\\npart of the way by land, and of course left the whole of our bag-\\ngage, except as much as would equip us in the Indian mode. The\\nwhole of our force, after leaving such as was judged not competent\\nto [endure] the expected fatigue, consisted only of four companies,\\ncommanded by Captains John Montgomery, Joseph Bowman,\\nLeonard Helms and William Harrod. My force being so small to\\nwhat I expected, owing to the various circumstances already men-\\ntioned, I found it necessary to alter my plans of operation.\\nI had fully acquainted myself that the French inhabitants in\\nthose western settlements had great influence among the Indians in\\ngeneral, and were more beloved by them than any other Europeans\\nthat their commercial intercourse was universal throughout the west-\\nern and northwestern countries, and that the governing interest on\\nthe lakes was mostly in the hands of the English, who were not\\nmuch beloved by them. These, and many other ideas similar\\nthereto, caused me to resolve, if possible, to strengthen myself by\\nsuch train of conduct as might probably attach the French inhabit-\\nants to our interest, and give us influence in the country we were\\naiming for. These were the principles that influenced my future\\nconduct, and, fortunately, I had just received a letter from Col.\\nthem. The west was a wilderness, excepting the isolated French settlements about\\nKaskaskia, and at Vincennes and Detroit, and occupied only by savages and wild\\nanimals. It was not until after the great Northwest began to be settled, and its capa-\\nbilities to sustain the empire, since seated in its lap, was realized, that the magni-\\ntude of the conquest forced itself into notice. The several states of Ohio, Indiana,\\nIllinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, carved out of the territory which he so gloriously\\nwon, nay, the whole nation, owe to the memory of George Rogers Clark a debt of\\ngratitude that cannot be repaid in a mere expression of words. An account of his life\\nand eminent services, worthy of the man, yet remains to be written.\\n*.Iudge John B. Dillon, when preparing his first history of Indiana, in 1843, had\\naccess to Clark s original manuscript memoir, and copied copious extracts in the vol-\\nume named, and it is from this source that the extracts appearing in this work were\\ntaken. This book of Judge Dillon is not to be confounded with a History of Indiana,\\nprepared and published by him in 1859. His first book, although somewhat crude, is\\nexceedingly valuable for the historical matter it contains relating to the whole North-\\nwest, while the latter is a better digested history of the state of which he was an emi-\\nnent citizen.\\nt At Louisville.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "clark s campaign. 247\\nCampbell, dated Pittsburgh, informing me of the contents of the\\ntreaties* between France and America. As I intended to leave the\\nOhio at Fort Massac, three leagues below the Tennessee, I landed\\non a small island in the mouth of that river, in order to prepare for\\nthe march. In a few hours after, one John Duff and a party of\\nhunters coming down the river were brought to by our boats. They\\nwere men formerly from the states, and assured us of their happiness\\nin the adventure. They had been but lately from Kaskaskia,\\nand were able to give us all the intelligence we wished. They said\\nthat Gov. Abbot had lately left Port Yincennes, and gone to Detroit\\non business of importance that Mr. Eochblave commanded at Kas-\\nkaskia, etc.; that the militia was kept in good order, and spies on\\nthe Mississippi, and that all hunters, both Indians and others, were\\nordered to keep a good look-out for the rebels that the fort was kept\\nin good order as an asylum, etc., but they believed the whole to\\nproceed more from the fondness for parade than the expectation of\\na visit that if they received timely notice of us. they would collect\\nand give us a warm reception, as they were taught to harbor a most\\nhorrid idea of the rebels, especially the Virginians but that if we\\ncould surprise the place, which they were in hopes we might, they\\nmade no doubt of our being able to do as we pleased that they\\nhoped to be received as partakers in the enterprise, and wished us\\nto put full confidence in them, and they would assist the guides in\\nconducting the party. This was agreed to, and they proved valua-\\nble men.\\nki The acquisition to us was great, as I had no intelligence from\\nthose posts since the spies I sent twelve months past. But no part\\nof their information pleased me more than that of the inhabitants\\nviewing us as more savage than their neighbors, the Indians. I was\\ndetermined to improve upon this if I was fortunate enough to get\\nthem into my possession, as I conceived the greater the shock I\\ncould give them at first the more sensibly would they feel my lenity,\\nand become more valuable friends. This I conceived to be agree-\\nable to human nature, as I had observed it in many instances.\\nHaving everything prepared, we moved down to a little gullv a\\nsmall distance above Massac, in which we concealed our boats, and\\nset out a northwest course. The weather was favorable. In some\\nparts water was scarce, as well as game. Of course we suffered\\ndrought and hunger, but not to excess. On the third day John\\n*The timely information received of the alliance between the United States and\\nFrance was made use of by Gen. Clark with his usual tact and with great success, as\\nwill be seen farther on.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "248 HISTORIC NOTES OX THE NORTHWEST.\\nSaunders, our principal guide, appeared confused, and we soon dis-\\ncovered that lie was totally lost, without there was some other cause\\nof his present conduct.\\nI asked him various questions, and from his answers I could\\nscarcely determine what to think of him, whether or not that he\\nwas lost, or that he wished to deceive us. The cry of the whole\\ndetachment was that he was a traitor. He begged that he might be\\nsuffered to go some distance into a plain that was in full view, to try\\nto make some discovery whether or not he was right. I told him he\\nmight go, but that I was suspicious of him, from his conduct that\\nfrom the first day of his being employed he always said he knew the\\nway well that there was now a different appearance that I saw the\\nnature of the country was such that a person once acquainted with\\nit could not in a short time forget it that a few men should go with\\nhim to prevent his escape, and that if he did not discover and take\\nus into the hunter s road that led from the east into Kaskaskia,\\nwhich he had frequently described, I would have him immediately\\nput to death, which I was determined to have done. But after a\\nsearch of an hour or two he came to a place that he knew perfectly,\\nand we discovered that the poor fellow had been, as they call it,\\nbewildered.\\nOn the fourth of July, in the evening, we got within a few miles\\nof the town, where we lay until near dark, keeping spies ahead, after\\nwhich we commenced our march, and took possession of a house\\nwherein a large family lived, on the bank of the Kaskaskia River,\\nabout three-quarters of a mile above the town. Here we were in-\\nformed that the people a few days before were under arms, but had\\nconcluded that the cause of the alarm was without foundation, and\\nthat at that time there was a great number of men in town, but that\\nthe Indians had generally left it, and at present all was quiet. We\\nsoon procured a sufficiency of vessels, the more in ease to convey us\\nacross the river.\\nWith one of the divisions I marched to the fort, and ordered the\\nother two into different quarters of the town. If I met with no resist-\\nance, at a certain signal a general shout was to be given and certain\\nparts were to be immediately possessed, and men of each detach-\\nment, who could speak the French language, were to run through\\nevery street and proclaim what had happened, and inform the inhab-\\nitants that every person that appeared in the streets would be shot\\ndown. This disposition had its desired effect. In a very little time\\nwe had complete possession, and every avenue was guarded to prevent\\nany escape to give the alarm to the other villages in case of opposi-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "clark s conquest. 249\\ntion. Various orders had been issued not worth mentioning. I don t\\nsuppose greater silence ever reigned among the inhabitants of a\\nplace than did at this at present not a person to be seen, not a word\\nto be heard by them, for some time, but, designedly, the greatest\\nnoise kept up by our troops through every quarter of the town, and\\npatrols continually the whole night around it, as intercepting any\\ninformation was a capital object, and in about two hours the whole\\nof the inhabitants were disarmed, and informed that if one was taken\\nattempting to make his escape he should be immediately put to\\ndeath.\\nWhen Col. Clark, by the use of various bloodless means, had\\nraised the terror of the French inhabitants to a painful height, he\\nsurprised them, and won their confidence and friendship, by perform-\\ning, unexpectedly, several acts of justice and generosity. On the\\nmorning of the 5th of July a few of the principal men were arrested\\nand put in irons. Soon afterward M. Gibault, the priest of the vil-\\nlage, accompanied by five or six aged citizens, waited on Col. Clark,\\nand said that the inhabitants expected to be separated, perhaps never\\nto meet again, and they begged to be permitted to assemble in their\\nchurch, and there to take leave of each other. Col. Clark mildly\\ntold the priest that he had nothing to say against his religion that\\nit was a matter which Americans left for every man to settle with his\\nGod that the people might assemble in their church, if they would,\\nbut that they must not venture out of town.\\nNearly the whole French population assembled at the church.\\nThe houses were deserted by all who could leave them, and Col.\\nClark gave orders to prevent any soldiers from entering the vacant\\nbuildings. After the close of the meeting at the church a deputation,\\nconsisting of M. Guibault and several other persons, waited on Col.\\nClark, and said that their present situation was the fate of war, and\\nthat they could submit to the loss of their property, but they solic-\\nited that they might not be separated from their wives and children,\\nand that some clothes and provisions might be allow r ed for their\\nsupport. Clark feigned surprise at this request, and abruptly\\nexclaimed, Do you mistake us for savages I am almost cer-\\ntain you do from your language Do you think that Americans\\nintend to strip women and children, or take the bread out of their\\nmouths? My countrymen, said Clark, disdain to make war\\nupon helpless innocence. It was to prevent the horrors of Indian\\nbutchery upon our own wives and children that we have taken arms\\nand penetrated into this remote stronghold of British and Indian\\nbarbarity, and not the despicable prospect of plunder; that now the", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "250 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nking of France had united his powerful arms with those of America,\\nthe war would not, in all probability, continue long, but the inhabit-\\nants of Kaskaskia were at liberty to take which side they pleased,\\nwithout the least danger to either their property or families. Nor\\nwould their religion be any source of disagreement, as all religions\\nwere regarded with equal respect in the eye of the American law,\\nand that any insult offered to it would be immediately punished.\\nAnd now, Clark continues, to prove my sincerity, you will\\nplease inform your fellow-citizens that they are quite at liberty to\\nconduct themselves as usual, without the least apprehension. I am\\nnow convinced, from what I have learned since my arrival among\\nyou, that you have been misinformed and prejudiced against us by\\nBritish officers, and your friends who are in confinement shall imme-\\ndiately be released. In a few minutes after the delivery of this\\nspeech the gloom that rested on the minds of the inhabitants of\\nKaskaskia had passed away. The news of the treaty of alliance\\nbetween France and the United States, and the influence of the mag-\\nnanimous conduct of Clark, induced the French villagers to take the\\noath of allegiance to the state of Virginia. Their arms were restored\\nto them, and a volunteer company of French militia joined a detach-\\nment under Capt. Bowman, when that officer was dispatched to take\\npossession of Cahokia. The inhabitants of this small village, on\\nhearing what had taken place at Kaskaskia, readily took the oath of\\nallegiance to Virginia.\\nThe memoir of Clark proceeds: Post Vincennes never being\\nout of my mind, and from some things that I had learned I suspected\\nthat Mr. Gibault, the priest, was inclined to the American interest\\nprevious to our arrival in the country. He had great influence over\\nthe people at this period, and Post Vincennes was under his juris-\\ndiction. I made no doubt of his integrity to us. I sent for him,\\nand had a lone; conference with him on the subject of Post Vincennes.\\nIn answer to all my queries he informed me that he did not think it\\nworth my while to cause any military preparation to be made at the\\nFalls of the Ohio for the attack of Post Vincennes, although the place\\nwas strong and a great number of Indians in its neighborhood, who,\\nto his knowledge, were generally at war; that the governor had, a\\nfew weeks before, left the place on some business to Detroit that\\nhe expected that when the inhabitants were fully acquainted with\\nwhat had passed at the Illinois, and the present happiness of their\\nfriends, and made fully acquainted with the nature of the war, their\\nsentiments would greatly change; that he knew 7 that his appearance\\nClark s Memoir.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "SECURES VINCENNES. 251\\nthere would have great weight, even among the savages that if\\nit was agreeable to me he would take this business on himself, and\\nhad no doubt of his being able to bring that place over to the Amer-\\nican interest without my being at the trouble of marching against it\\nthat the business being altogether spiritual, he wished that another\\nperson might be charged with the temporal part of the embassy, but\\nthat he would privately direct the whole, and he named Dr. Lafont\\nas his associate.\\nThis was perfectly agreeable to what I had been secretly aim-\\ning at for some days. The plan was immediately settled, and the\\ntwo doctors, with their intended retinue, among whom I had a spy,\\nset about preparing for their journey, and set out on the 14th of July,\\nwith an address to the inhabitants of Post Vincennes, authorizing\\nthem to garrison their own town themselves, which would convince\\nthem of the great confidence we put in them, etc. All this had its\\ndesired effect. Mr. Gibault and his party arrived safe, and after\\ntheir spending a day or two in explaining matters to the people,\\nthey universally acceded to the proposal (except a few emissaries\\nleft by Mr. Abbot, who immediately left the country), and went in a\\nbody to the church, where the oath of allegiance was administered\\nto them in a most solemn manner. An officer was elected, the fort\\nimmediately [garrisoned], and the American flag displayed to the\\nastonishment of the Indians, and everything settled far beyond our\\nmost sanguine hopes. The people here immediately began to put\\non a new face, and to talk in a different style, and to act as perfect\\nfreemen. With a garrison of their own, with the United States at\\ntheir elbow, their language to the Indians was immediately altered.\\nThey began as citizens of the United States, and informed the\\nIndians that their old father, the king of France, was come to life\\nagain, and was mad at them for fighting for the English that they\\nwould advise them to make peace with the Americans as soon as\\nthey could, otherwise they might expect the land to be very bloody,\\netc. The Indians began to think seriously throughout the country\\nthis was the kind of language they generally got from their ancient\\nfriends of the Wabash and Illinois. Through the means of their\\ncorrespondence spreading among the nations, our batteries began\\nnow to play in a proper channel. Mr. Gibault and party, accom-\\npanied by several gentlemen of Post Vincennes, returned to Kas-\\nkaskia about the 1st of August with the joyful news. During his\\nabsence on this business, which caused great anxiety to me (for\\nwithout the possession of this post all our views would have been\\nblasted), I was exceedingly engaged in regulating things in the Illi-", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "252 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nnois. The reduction of these posts was the period of the enlistment\\nof our troops. I was at a great loss at the time to determine how\\nto act, and how far I might venture to strain my authority. My\\ninstructions were silent on many important points, as it was impos-\\nsible to foresee the events that would take place. To abandon the\\ncountry, and all the prospects that opened to our view in the Indian\\ndepartment at this time, for the want of instruction in certain cases,\\nI thought would amount to a reflection on government, as having no\\nconfidence in me. I resolved to usurp all the authority necessary to\\ncarry my points. I had the greater part of our [troops] reenlisted\\non a different establishment, commissioned French officers in the\\ncountry to command a company of the young inhabitants, estab-\\nlished a garrison at Cahokia, commanded by Capt. Bowman, and\\nanother at Kaskaskia, commanded by Capt. Williams. Post Vin-\\ncennes remained in the situation as mentioned. CqI. William Linn,\\nwho had accompanied us as a volunteer, took charge of a party\\nthat was to be discharged upon their arrival at the Falls, and\\norders were sent for the removal of that post to the mainland.\\nCapt. John Montgomery was dispatched to government with letters.\\nI again turned my attention to Post Vincennes. I plainly saw\\nthat it would be highly necessary to have an American officer at that\\npost. Capt. Leonard Helm appeared calculated to answer my pur-\\npose he was past the meridian of life, and a good deal acquainted\\nwith the Indian [disposition]. I sent him to command at that post,\\nand also appointed him agent for Indian affairs in the department of\\nthe Wabash. About the middle of August he set out to take\\npossession of his new command. Thus, ,1 says Clark, referring to\\nAn Indian chief called the Tobacco s Son, a Piankeshaw, at this time resided in\\na village adjoining Post Vincennes. This man was called by the Indians The Grand\\nDoor to the Wabash and as nothing of consequence was to be undertaken by the\\nleague on the Wabash without his assent, I discovered that to win him was an object\\nof signal importance. I sent him a spirited compliment by Mr. Gibault he returned\\nit. I now, by Capt. Helm, touched him on the same spring that I had done the inhab-\\nitants, and sent a speech, with a belt of wampum, directing Capt. Helm how to man-\\nage if the chief was pacifically inclined or otherwise. The captain arrived safe at Post\\nVincennes, and was received with acclamations by the people. After the usual cere-\\nmony was over he sent for the Grand Door, and delivered my letter to him. After\\nhaving read it, he informed the captain that he was happy to see him, one of the Big\\nKnife chiefs, in this town; it was here he had joined the English against him; but he\\nconfessed that he always thought they looked gloomy; that as the contents of the let-\\nter were of great moment, he could not give an answer for some time; that he must\\ncollect his counsellors on the subject, and was in hopes the captain would be patient.\\nIn short, he put on all the courtly dignity that he was master of, and Capt. Helm fol-\\nlowing his example, it was several days before this business was finished, as the whole\\nproceeding was very ceremonious. At length the captain was invited to the Indian\\ncouncil, and informed by Tobacco that they had maturely considered the case in hand,\\nand had got the nature of the war between the English and us explained to their sat-\\nisfaction; that as we spoke the same language and appeared to be the same people, he\\nalways thought that he was in the dark as to the truth of it, but now the sky was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "CLARK S INFLUENCE OVER THE INDIANS. 253\\nHelm s success, ended this valuable negotiation, and the saving of\\nmuch blood. In a short time almost the whole of the various\\ntribes of the different nations on the Wabash, as high as the Ouia-\\ntanon, came to Post Vincennes, and followed the example of the\\nGrand Door Chief; and as expresses were continually passing be-\\ntween Capt. Helm and myself the whole time of these treaties, the\\nbusiness was settled perfectly to my satisfaction, and greatly to the\\nadvantage of the public. The British interest daily lost ground in\\nthis quarter, and in a short time our influence reached the Indians\\non the River St. Joseph and the border of Lake Michigan. The\\nFrench gentlemen at the different posts we now had possession of\\nengaged warmly in our interest. They appeared to vie with each\\nother in promoting the business, and through the means of their\\ncorrespondence, trading among the Indians, and otherwise, in a\\nshort time the Indians of various tribes inhabiting the region of\\nIllinois came in great numbers to Cahokia, in order to make treaties\\nof peace with us. From the information they generally got from\\nthe French gentlemen (whom they implicitly believed) respecting us,\\nthey were truly alarmed, and, consequently, we were visited by the\\ngreater part of them, without any invitation from us. Of course we\\nhad greatly the advantage in making use of such language as suited\\nour [interest]. Those treaties, which commenced about the last of\\nAugust and continued between three and four weeks, were probably\\nconducted in a way different from any other known in America at\\nthat time. I had been always convinced that our general conduct\\nwith the Indians was wrong that inviting them to treaties was con-\\nsidered by them in a different manner from what we expected, and\\nimputed by them to fear, and that giving them great presents con-\\nfirmed it. I resolved to guard against this, and I took good pains\\nto make myself acquainted fully with the French and Spanish\\nmethods of treating Indians, and with the manners, genius and dis-\\nposition of the Indians in general. As in this quarter they had not\\nyet been spoiled by us, I was resolved that they should not be. I\\nbegan the business fully prepared, having copies of the British trea-\\nties.\\nAt the first great council, which was opened at Cahokia, an Indian\\nchief, with a belt of peace in his hand, advanced to the table at which\\ncleared up; that he found that the Big Knife was in the right; that perhaps if the\\nEnglish conquered, they would serve them in the same manner that they intended to\\nserve us; that his ideas were quite changed, and that he would tell all the red people\\non the Wabash to bloody the land no more for the English. He jumped up, struck\\nhis breast, called himself a man and a warrior, said that he was now a Big Knife, and\\ntook Capt. Helm by the hand. His example was followed by all present, and the\\nevening was spent in merriment.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "254 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nCol. Clark was sitting; another chief, bearing the sacred pipe of the\\ntribe, went forward to the table, and a third chief then advanced\\nwith lire to kindle the pipe. When the pipe was lighted it was fig-\\nuratively presented to the heavens, then to the earth, then to all the\\ngood spirits, to witness what was about to be done. After the ob-\\nservance of these forms the pipe was presented to Clark, and after-\\nward to every person present. An Indian speaker then addressed\\nthe Indians as follows Warriors, You ought to be thankful that\\nthe Great Spirit has taken pity on you, and cleared the sky and\\nopened your ears and hearts, so that you may hear the truth. We\\nhave been deceived by bad birds flying through the land. But we\\nwill take up the bloody hatchet no more against the Big Knife, and\\nwe hope, as the Great Spirit has brought us together for good, as he\\nis good, that we may be received as friends, and that the belt of\\npeace may take the place of the bloody belt. 1\\nI informed them, says Clark, that I had paid attention to\\nwhat they had said, and that on the next day I would give them an\\nanswer, when I hoped the ears and hearts of all people would be\\nopened to receive the truth, which should be spoken without decep-\\ntion. I advised them to keep prepared for the result of this day, on\\nwhich, perhaps, their very existence as a nation depended, etc., and\\ndismissed them, not suffering any of our people to shake hands with\\nthem, as peace was not yet concluded, telling them it was time enough\\nto give the hand when the heart could be given also. They replied\\nthat such sentiments were like men who had but one heart, and did\\nnot speak with a double tongue. The next day I delivered them the\\nfollowing speech\\nMen and Warriors, Pay attention to my words: You informed\\nme yesterday that the Great Spirit had brought us together, and that\\nyou hoped, as he was good, that it would be for good. I have also\\nthe same hope, and expect that each party will strictly adhere to\\nwhatever may be agreed upon, whether it be peace or war, and hence-\\nforward prove ourselves worthy of the attention of the Great Spirit.\\nI am a man and a warrior, not a counsellor. I carry war in my\\nThe early border men of Virginia and her county of Kentucky usually carried\\nvery large knives. From this circumstance the Virginians were called, in the Illinois\\n(Miami) dialect, She-mol-sea, meaning the Big Knife. At a later day the same\\nappellation, under the Chippewayan word Che-mo-ko-man, was extended, by the\\nIndians, to the white people generally, always excepting the Englishman proper,\\nwhom they called the Sag-e-nash, and the Yankees to whom they gave the epithet of\\nBos-to-ne-ly i.e., the Bostonians. The term is derived from the Miami word mal-she,\\nor mol-sea, a knife, or the Ojibbeway mo-Jco-man, which means the same thing. The\\nprefix che or she emphasizes the kind or size of the instrument, as a huge, long or big\\nknife. Such is the origin of the expression long knives, frequently found in books\\nwhere Indian characters occur.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "CLARK S SPEECH TO THE INDIANS. 255\\nright hand, and in my left, peace. I am sent by the great council of\\nthe Big Knife, and their friends, to take possession of all the towns\\npossessed by the English in this country, and to watch the motions\\nof the red people to bloody the paths of those who attempt to stop\\nthe course of the river, but to clear the roads from us to those who\\ndesire to be in peace, that the women and children may walk in them\\nwithout meeting anything to strike their feet against. I am ordered\\nto call upon the Great Fire for warriors enough to darken the land,\\nand that the red people may hear no sound but of birds who live on\\nblood. I know there is a mist before your eyes. I will dispel the\\nclouds, that you may clearly see the cause of the war between the\\nBig Knife and the English, then you may judge for yourselves which\\nparty is in the right, and if you are warriors, as you profess to be,\\nprove it by adhering faithfully to the party which you shall believe\\nto be entitled to your friendship, and do not show yourselves to be\\nsquaws.\\nThe Big Knives are very much like the red people. They don t\\nknow how to make blankets and powder and cloth. They buy these\\nthings from the English, from whom they are sprung. They live by\\nmaking corn, hunting and trade, as you and your neighbors, the\\nFrench, do. But the Big Knives, daily getting more numerous, like\\nthe trees in the woods, the land became poor and hunting scarce,\\nand having but little to trade with, the women began to cry at seeing\\ntheir children naked, and tried to learn how to make clothes for\\nthemselves. They soon made blankets for their husbands and chil-\\ndren, and the men learned to make guns and powder. In this way\\nwe did not want to buy so much from the English. They then got\\nmad with us, and sent strong garrisons through our country, as you\\nsee they have done among you on the lakes, and among the French.\\nThey would not let our women spin, nor our men make powder, nor\\nlet us trade with anybody else. The English said we should buy\\neverything of them, and since we had got saucy we should give two\\nbucks for a blanket, which we used to get for one we should do as\\nthey pleased and they killed some of our people, to make the rest\\nfear them. This is the truth, and the real cause of the war between\\nthe English and us, which did not take place until some time after\\nthis treatment.\\nw But our women became cold and hungry and continued to cry.\\nOur young men got lost for want of counsel to put them in the right\\npath. The whole land was dark. The old men held down their\\nheads for shame, because they could not see the sun and thus there\\nwas mourning for many years over the land. At last the Great", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "256 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nSpirit took pity on us, and kindled a great council fire, that never\\ngoes out, at a place called Philadelphia. He then stuck down\\na post, and put a war tomahawk by it, and went away. The sun\\nimmediately broke out, the sky was blue again, and the old men\\nheld up their heads and assembled at the fire. They took up the\\nhatchet, sharpened it, and put it into the hands of our young men,\\nordering them to strike the English as long as they could find one\\non this side of the great waters. The young men immediately struck\\nthe war post and blood was shed. In this way the war began, and\\nthe English were driven from one place to another until they got\\nweak, and then they hired you red people to fight for them. The\\nGreat Spirit got angry at this, and caused your old father, the\\nFrench king, and other great nations, to join the Big Knives, and\\nfight with them against all their enemies. So the English have be-\\ncome like deer in the woods, and you may see that it is the Great\\nSpirit that has caused your waters to be troubled, because you have\\nfought for the people he was mad with. If your women and chil-\\ndren should now cry, you must blame yourselves for it, and not the\\nBig Knives.\\nYou can now judge who is in the right. I have already told\\nyou who I am. Here is a bloody belt and a white one, take which\\nyou please. Bel;ave like men, and don t let your being surrounded\\nby the Big Knives cause you to take up the one belt with your hands\\nwhile your hearts take up the other. If you take the bloody path,\\nyou shall leave the town in safety, and may go and join your friends,\\nthe English. We will then try, like warriors, who can put the most\\nstumbling-blocks in each other s way, and keep our clothes longest\\nstained with blood. If, on the other hand, you should take the path\\nof peace, and be received as brothers to the Big Knives, with their\\nfriends, the French should you then listen to bad birds that may\\nbe flying through the land, you will no longer deserve to be counted\\nas men, but as creatures with two tongues, that ought to be destroyed\\nwithout listening to anything you might say. As I am convinced\\nyou never heard the truth before, I do not wish you to answer be-\\nfore you have taken time to counsel. We will, therefore, part this\\nevening, and when the Great Spirit shall bring us together again, let\\nus speak and think like men, with but one heart and one tongue.\\nThe next day after this speech a new fire was kindled with\\nmore than usual ceremony an Indian speaker came forward and\\nsaid They ought to be thankful that the Great Spirit had taken\\npity on them, and opened their ears and their hearts to receive the\\ntruth. He had paid great attention to what the Great Spirit had", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "CLARK TREATS WITH THE INDIANS. 257\\nput into niv heart to say to them. They believed the whole to be\\nthe truth, as the Big Knives did not speak like any other people\\nthey had ever heard. They now saw they had been deceived, and\\nthat the English had told them lies, and that I had told them the\\ntruth, just as some of their old men had always told them. They\\nnow believed that we were in the right and as the English had\\nforts in their country, they might, if they got strong enough, want\\nto serve the red people as they had treated the Big Knives. The\\nred people ought, therefore, to help us, and they had, with a cheer-\\nful heart, taken up the belt of peace, and spurned that of war. They\\nwere determined to hold the former fast, and would have no doubt\\nof our friendship, from the manner of our speaking, so different\\nfrom that of the English. They would now call in their warriors,\\nand throw the tomahawk into the river, where it could never be\\nfound. They would suffer no more bad birds to fly through the\\nland, disquieting the women and children. They would be careful\\nto smooth the roads for their brothers, the Big Knives, whenever\\nthey might wish to come and see them. Their friends should hear\\nof the good talk I had given them and they hoped I would send\\nchiefs among them, with my eyes, to see myself that they were men,\\nand strictly adhered to all they had said at this great fire, which the\\nGreat Spirit had kindled at Cahokia for the good of all people who\\nwould attend it.\\nThe sacred pipe was again kindled, and presented, figuratively,\\nto the heavens and the earth, and to all r the good spirits, as witness\\nof what had been done. The Indians and the white men then closed\\nthe council by smoking the pipe and shaking hands. With no ma-\\nterial variation, either of the forms that were observed, or with the\\nspeeches that were made at this council, Col. Clark and his officers\\nconcluded treaties of peace with the Piankeshaws, Ouiatenons, Kick-\\napoos, Illinois, Kaskaskias, Peorias, and branches of some other\\ntribes that inhabited the country between Lake Michigan and the\\nMississippi.\\nGov. Henry soon received intelligence of the successful progress\\nof the expedition under the command of Clark. The French inhab-\\nitants of the villages of Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Post Vincennes\\ntook the oath of allegiance to the State of Virginia.\\nIn October, 1778, the General Assembly of the State of Virginia\\npassed an act which contained the following provisions, viz: All the\\ncitizens of the Commonwealth of Virginia tk who are already settled\\nor shall hereafter settle on the western side of the Ohio, shall be in-\\ncluded in a distinct county, which shall be called Illinois county\\n17", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "258 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand the governor of this commonwealth, with the advice of the\\ncouncil, may appoint a county lieutenant, or commandant-in-chief,\\nin that county, during pleasure, who shall appoint and commission\\nso many deputy commandants, militia officers and commissaries as\\nhe shall think proper in the different districts, during pleasure all\\nof whom, before they enter into office, shall take the oath of fidelity\\nto this commonwealth and the oath of office, according to the form\\nof their own religion. And all civil officers to which the inhabit-\\nants have been accustomed, necessary for the preservation of the\\npeace and the administration of justice, shall be chosen by a major-\\nity of the citizens in their respective districts, to be convened for\\nthat purpose by the county lieutenant, or commandant, or his deputy,\\nand shall be commissioned by the said county lieutenant or com-\\nmandant-in-chief.\\nBefore the provisions of the law were carried into effect, Henry\\nHamilton, the British lieutenant-governor of Detroit, collected an\\narmy, consisting of about thirty regulars, fifty French volunteers,\\nand four hundred Indians. With this force he passed down the\\nRiver Wabash, and took possession of Post Vincennes on the 15th\\nof December, 1778. JN o attempt was made by the population to\\ndefend the town. Capt. Helm was taken and detained as a prisoner,\\nand a number of the French inhabitants disarmed.\\nClark was aware that Gov. Hamilton, now that he had regained\\npossession of Vincennes, would undertake the capture of his forces,\\nand realizing his danger, he determined to forestall Hamilton and\\ncapture the latter. His !plans were at once formed. He sent a por-\\ntion of his available force by boat, called The Willing, with instruc-\\ntions to Capt. Rogers, the commander, to proceed down the Missis-\\nsippi and up the Ohio and Wabash, and secrete himself a few miles\\nbelow Vincennes, and prohibit any persons from passing either up or\\ndown. With another part of his force he marched across the country,\\nthrough prairies, swamps and marshes, crossing swollen streams\\nfor it was in the month of February, and the whole country was\\nflooded from continuous rains and arriving at the banks of the\\nWabash near St. Francisville, he pushed across the river and brought\\nhis forces in the rear of Yincennes before daybreak. So secret and\\nrapid were his movements that Gov. Hamilton had no notice that\\nClark had left Kaskaskia. Clark issued a notice requiring the\\npeople of the town to keep within their houses, and declaring that\\nall persons found elsewhere would be treated as enemies. Tobacco s\\nSon tendered one hundred of his Piankashaw braves, himself at\\ntheir head. Clark declined their services with thanks, saying his", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "SURRENDER OF HAMILTON. 259\\nown force was sufficient. Gov. Hamilton had just completed the\\nfort, consisting of strong block-houses at each angle, with the cannon\\nplaced on the upper floors, at an elevation of eleven feet from the\\nsurface. The works were at once closely invested. The ports were\\nso badly cut, the men on the inside could not stand to their cannon\\nfor the bullets that would whiz from the rifles of Clark s sharp-\\nshooters through the embrasures whenever they were suffered for\\nan instant to remain open.\\nThe town immediately surrendered with joy, and assisted at the\\nsiege. After the first offer to surrender upon terms was declined,\\nHamilton and Clark, with attendants, met in a conference at the\\nCatholic church, situated some eighty rods from the fort, and in the\\nafternoon of the same day, the 24th of February, 1779, the fort and\\ngarrison, consisting of seventy-five men, surrendered at discretion.*\\nThe result was that Hamilton and his whole force were made prison-\\ners of war.f Clark held military possession of the northwest until\\nthe close of the war, and in that way it was secured to our country.\\nAt the treaty of peace, held at Paris at the close of the revolutionary\\nwar, the British insisted that the Ohio River should be the northern\\nboundary of the United States. The correspondence relative to that\\ntreaty shows that the only ground on which the American commis-\\nsioners relied to sustain their claim that the lakes should be the\\nboundary was the fact that Gen. Clark had conquered the country,\\nand was in the undisputed military possession of it at the time of\\nthe negotiation. This fact was affirmed and admitted, and was the\\nchief ground on which British commissioners reluctantly abandoned\\ntheir claim.\\n*Two days after the Willing arrived, its crew much mortified because they did not\\nshare in the victory, although Clark commended them for their diligence. Two days\\nbefore Capt. Rogers arrival with the Willing, Clark had dispatched three armed\\nboats, under charge of Capt. Helm and Majors Bosseron and Le Grass, up the Wabash,\\nto intercept a fleet which Clark was advised was on its way from Detroit, laden with\\nsupplies for Gov. Hamilton at Vincennes. About one hundred and twenty miles up\\nthe river the British boats, seven in number, having aboard military supplies of\\nthe value of ten thousand pounds sterling money and forty men, among whom was\\nPhilip De Jean, a magistrate of Detroit, were captured by Capt. Helm. The writer\\nhas before him the statement of John McFall, born near Vincennes in 1798. He lived\\nnear and in Vincennes until 1817. His grandfather, Ralph Mattison, was one of\\nClark s soldiers who accompanied Helm s expedition up the Wabash, and he often told\\nMcFall, his grandson, that the British were lying by in the Vermilion River, near its\\nmouth, where they were surprised in the night-time and captured by Helm without\\nfiring a shot.\\ntThis march, from its daring conception, and the obstacles encountered and over-\\ncome, is one of the most thrilling events in our history, and it is to be regretted that\\nthe limited space assigned to other topics precludes its insertion.\\nX Burnett s Notes on the Northwest Territory, p. 77.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIV.\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY THE ORDINANCE OF 1787 BILL OF\\nRIGHTS FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM PROVISIONS FOR STATES OLD\\nBOUNDARIES BETWEEN CANADA AND LOUISIANA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDIAN WARS\\nTHE INDIAN COUNTRY RAVAGED.\\nCol. Clark having captured Gov. Hamilton s forces at Vin-\\ncennes, and reestablished the authority of Virginia over the north-\\nwest territory, Col. John Todd, commissioned as lieutenant for the\\ncounty of Illinois, in the spring ot 1779 proceeded to Kaskaskia and\\nVincennes, and organized a government under the act of the Gen-\\neral Assembly of Virginia of October, 1778, for the establishing of\\nIllinois County. Col. Todd formed courts of justice, and pro-\\nvided other machinery to secure peace and good order among the\\ninhabitants. The court was comprised of several magistrates, who\\ndispensed justice, in the absence of statutes specifically defining\\ntheir powers, pretty much according to their own unrestrained no-\\ntions of equity, applied according to the emergency of each particu-\\nlar case, as it would come before them, much after the manner of\\nthe early French commandants.*\\nThe northwest territory soon became a source of trouble to the\\ncontinental congress. Besides the claims of Virginia, Xew York,\\nMassachusetts and Connecticut asserted title to portions of it by\\nvirtue of their ancient charters. f These conflicting claims were the\\nsubjects of much discussion and legislative action in the states\\nnamed, and by congress as well. Congress, on the 6th of Septem-\\nber, 1780, requested the several states having claims to waste and\\nunappropriated lands in the western country to cede a portion\\nThe court was one of high authority, and among the powers it arrogated to\\nitself was the right of disposing of the public lands. After having granted some\\ntwenty-two thousand acres to private individuals, by orders entered i rom time to time\\nupon their records, the court partitioned large tracts among themselves; the recip-\\nient member would, out of modesty, absent himself from court on the day the\\nentry was made on the journal by his associates in his favor, so that it might appear\\nto be the act of his fellows only. Official letter of Gen. Harrison, January 19, 1802.\\nThe evil grew to such proportions that Gen. Harner, in 1787, issued a military order\\nsuppressing it.\\nf Connecticut, claiming through her charter granted on the 23d of April, 1662, by\\nKing Charles the Second, passed a resolution in 1783, to the effect That all the land\\nlying west of the western limits of Pennsylvania and east of the Mississippi, and be-\\ntween the forty-first and forty-second parallels of latitude, was hers.\\n260", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "CESSION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 261\\nthereof to the United States.* Virginia, on the 2d of January, 1781,\\nreleased her claim to the northwest territory, reserving one hundred\\nand fifty thousand acres near the falls of the Ohio, which she had\\npromised to Gen. Clark, and the officers and soldiers of his regiment\\nwho marched with him, and preserving to the French and Canadian\\ninhabitants of Kaskaskia, Vincennes and neighboring villages their\\ntitles to the lands claimed by them.f However, owing to conditions\\nimposed by the terms of cession, further legislation intervened, and\\nthe Virginia delegates did not execute the deed of release until the\\n1st of March, 1784. New York followed Virginia, and ceded her\\nclaim on the 1st of March, 1781 then Massachusetts, on the 1 8th\\nof April, 1785, executed her release, and on the 11th of September,\\n1786, the Connecticut delegates delivered a deed of cession from\\nthat state, reserving a strip of territory west of Pennsylvania, and\\nbordering on the lakes, since known as the Western Reserve.^\\nBefore these disputes were settled it was proposed in congress to\\ndivide the territory into states by parallel lines of latitude and merid-\\nians of longtitude.\u00c2\u00a7 It seems that the States of Virginia and Mas-\\nsachusetts had made their grants with reference to a previous reso-\\nlution of congress, limiting the area of the states, to be formed out\\nof the territory named, to a hundred and fifty miles square, and\\ntherefore further legislation by these states became necessary. In\\nJuly, 1786, congress passed another resolution, looking to a division\\nof the territory into not less than three nor more \\\\\\\\iaxijive states, and\\nMassachusetts and Virginia gave their assent to this modification.\\nAll differences and conflicts of title being now settled, congress, on\\nthe 13th day of July, 1787, adopted unanimously, An ordinance for\\nthe government of the territory of the United States northwest of the\\nOhio. 1 The act, when considered with respect to the times in which\\nit was adopted, was a most radical document. It made sweeping\\nchanges in the whole theory of social laws as practiced in Europe,\\nand contravened the prevailing opinions of many of our own people,\\nemerging, as they then were, from the accumulated prejudices of the\\nold world into the daydawn of a new and experimental government.\\nFor the purpose of extending the fundamental principles of civil\\nOld Laws of the U.S.\\nfXI Hen. Statutes of Virginia, p. 326.\\n{Vol. 16, Am. S. Papers, p. 94.\\n\u00c2\u00a701d Congressional Journals, vol. 4, pp. 379 and 380; Land Laws, p. 34. The\\nprospective states were to be named as follows: Washington, Illinoia, Michigania,\\nSylvania, Saratoga, Pelisipia, Mesopotamia, Polypotamia, Chersonisus and Assenispia.\\nThe act for such division of the territory, and naming of the states to be formed out of\\nit. was passed unanimously, with the exception of the vote of South Carolina, on the\\n23d of March, 1784.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "262 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand religious liberty forever, and to fix and establish those principles\\nas a basis of all laws, constitutions and governments which should\\nthereafter be formed within the territory, the ordinance impressed\\nconditions upon every acre of the soil, prohibited certain arbitrary\\npractices of power, and enjoined beneficial acts to be performed,\\nwhich have resulted in the largest measure of happiness and pros-\\nperity. The act was a compact between the original states and\\nthe people and states within the territory, to remain unalterable un-\\nless changed by common consent. It is, therefore, in the nature\\nof a bill of rights a Magna Charta to every inhabitant of the five\\nseveral states since formed out of the territory to which the ordi-\\nnance was applied.* The act forever prohibited slavery or involun-\\ntary servitude, thus ennobling honest labor, and endowing it with a\\ndignity it could not have attained in competition with the unrequited\\ntoil of human chattels.\\nHeretofore the plan of governments was one of force, in which\\nthe intelligent few dominated over the ignorant many. The Ameri-\\ncan Declaration of Independence announced the new theory that\\nall men should be free, and that the people should govern them-\\nselves. This they could not be, or do unless they possessed an\\nenlarged intelligence, a requirement that rendered a system for the\\ngeneral education of the masses necessary. Happily, congress real-\\nized the force of this, and nobly provided the means. Subsequent\\nto the cession by Virginia of the northwest territory to the United\\nStates, and at the time congress passed the act of May 20, 1785,\\nrelative to the disposition and sale of the public lands northwest of\\nthe Ohio, one thirty-sixth part of the whole of this vast domain was\\nreserved and set apart for the maintenance of public schools and\\nso determined was congress that the educational system to be inau-\\ngurated in the northwest territory should not be balked by any unwise\\nlegislation of the future states to be formed therein, that the great\\nplan was carried into the ordinance of 1787, where it was further\\ndeclared that religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to\\ngood government and happiness of mankind, schools and the means\\n*The act, among other things, fixes the law of descent upon the just and equitable\\nterms of equality in the division of real estate among the heirs of the ancestor, thus\\ncutting up by the roots the European doctrine of primogeniture it provides for perfect\\nliberty of conscience, and declares that no person demeaning himself in a peaceable\\nand orderly manner should ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or\\nreligious sentiment; it secures to every one the writ of habeas corpus, and the right of\\ntrial by jury; it makes all offenses bailable except capital crimes, and while it provides\\nthat all fines shall be moderate, it prohibits the infliction of cruel or unusual punish-\\nments; it declares that no person shall be deprived of his liberty or property but by\\nthe judgment of his peers or the law of the land, and prevents the body politic from\\ntaking his property or demanding his services without making full compensation, etc.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "SUBDIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 263\\nof education shall forever he encouraged. The act of May 20,\\n1785, is the quarry from whence was procured the corner-stone\\nlaid by our forefathers deep in the ordinance of 1787, upon which\\nthe states, since formed out of the old northwest territory, have,\\nwith most generous hand, established a system of public schools\\nwhich is a guarantee of our national life and the citadel of our lib-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0erties.\\nThe provision the ordinance of 1787 contains relative to a\\nsubdivision of the territory is, that there shall be formed in said\\nterritory no less than three nor more than five states the western\\nstate to be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio and the Wabash\\nRivers a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post St. Vincent\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2due north to the territorial line between the United States and\\nCanada, and [west] by said territorial line to the Lake of the\\nWoods and Mississippi, f The middle state shall be bounded by\\nthe said direct line, the Wabash from Post St. Vincent to the\\nOhio b} the Ohio, and by a direct line drawn due north from\\nthe mouth of the Great Miami to said territorial line.;}: The\\neastern state shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line,\\nthe Ohio, Pennsylvania and the said territorial line. The act\\nprovided that the boundaries of these three states should be\\nsubject to alteration if congress should find it expedient, with\\nauthority to form one or two states in that part of the territory\\nlying north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly\\nbend or extreme of Lake Michigan. The wording of the pro-\\nviso, and a want of means for a correct geographical knowledge\\nof the lake region, led to a sharp controversy in adjusting the\\nboundaries of the two additional states. When the ordinance was\\npassed, the current maps of the day represented the southern\\nbend 1 of Lake Michigan as being quite far north of its true\\nposition. While the convention was in session at Chillicothe, in\\n1802, a hunter, well acquainted with the country, told some of the\\nmembers that Lake Michigan extended much farther south than was\\ngenerally supposed. This caused the convention to alter the bound-\\nary prescribed by congress, so that the line between the then terri-\\nOne section in every township, section 16, being selected on account of its central\\nposition, and known as the school section, was set apart in the act of May 20, 1785, for\\npublic schools. The proceeds arising from the sales thereof called the school fund, is\\na sacred fund, the yearly accruing interest from which is expended in the maintenance\\nof free schools within the township.\\nfThis is the embryo of the present state of Illinois.\\nX Here is foreshadowed the future state of Indiana.\\n\u00c2\u00a7Out of this last the state of Ohio was formed.\\nj[ It was under this discretionary clause that the states of Michigan and Wisconsin\\nwere subsequently formed.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "264 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntory of Michigan and the incipient state of Ohio, should be direct\\nfrom the most northern cape of the Mauniee Bay.*\\nIn 1818, when Illinois was about to become a state, her delegate\\nin congress, Nathanial Pope, procured an amendment of the act for\\nits admission, so as to extend its northern boundary to the parallel\\nof 42\u00c2\u00b0 30 north latitude, t By a literal construction of the ordi-\\nnance of 1787, two tiers of counties in northern Illinois would have\\nbeen within the limits of Wisconsin. These changes, made through\\na wise forethought, have secured the harbor of Toledo to Ohio,\\nMichigan City to Indiana and Chicago to Illinois.\\nSoon after the passage of the ordinance, a party of New Engend-\\ners, under the name of The Ohio Company, bought live millions of\\nacres of land lying along the Ohio, between the Muskingum and\\nSciota rivers. Gen. Rufus Putnam, the agent of the company, with\\na colony from Massachusetts, landed at the mouth of the Muskingum\\non the 7th of April, 1788, and proceeded to lay out a town, to which\\nthe name of Marietta was given. Another sale was made to John\\nC. Simms, embracing a tract of two millions of acres, fronting upon\\nthe Ohio, between the Great and Little Miami rivers. This was\\nknown as The Simms Purchase, 11 and its beauty and fertility soon\\nattracted immigration. In this way the settlements westward of the\\nAlleghanies and north of the Ohio were fairly begun.\\nMaj.-Gen. Arthur St. Clair was chosen by congress, on the 5th of\\nOctober, 1787, as the first governor of the Northwest Territory.\\nThe subdivisions of New France, when owned by the French, for\\npolitical purposes, seems not to have been clearly defined or well\\nunderstood. Originally, La Salle, under his grant, claimed all of the\\nterritory between the Mississippi and the Wabash, as appears from\\na letter of his lately published in the rare collections of P. Margry,\\nand also a strip ten leagues wide, on the west side of the Missis-\\nsippi, to the mouth of the Ohio. He gave the name of Louisiana\\nto all the country watered by the Mississippi below the mouth of\\nthe Ohio, 11 a name, says Father Charlevoix, writing in 1743, which it\\nstill retains. Shortly after this the line was changed, and, says\\nthe great geographer, Thomas Pownall, quoting from maps and\\nauthorities accessible in 1756, the time at which he wrote, the line\\nwhich now divides Canada and Louisiana in the Illinois country\\nbegins from the Wabash at the mouth of Vermilion River, thence to\\nthe post called Le Rocher [Starved Rock] on the River Paeorias [the\\nBurnett s Notes on the Northwest Territory, p. 360.\\nt Ford s History of Illinois, p. 19.\\nPioneer History, p. 205.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "POSTS RETAINED BY GREAT BRITAIN 2GS\\nIllinois], and from thence to the peninsula formed at the confluence\\nof Rocky [Rock] River and the Mississippi. 1 While the English\\nowned the northwest, it was governed from Quebec, through officers\\nor commandants stationed at Detroit, Fort Chartres and other mili-\\ntary posts in the territory. Having thus briefly noted some of the\\nsubdivisions of the northwest by France and Great Britain for ad-\\nministrative purposes, those of our own government will be noticed.\\nBy the terms of the definite treaty of peace, concluded at Paris\\non the 3d of September, 1783, between the United States and Great\\nBritain, the boundary between the possessions of the two powers\\nwas established along the lakes substantially as it now remains.\\nAmong other stipulations, Great Britain was, without delay, to sur-\\nrender the several military posts within the acknowledged territory\\nof the United States. She declined to perform this part of the\\ntreaty, and on the 8th of December, 1785, the American minister,\\nJohn Adams, addressed a letter to Lord Carmarthen, the English\\nsecretary of state, protesting that although a period of three years\\nhad elapsed since the signing of the preliminary treaty, and more\\nthan two years since that of the definite treaty, the posts of Niagara,\\nPresque Isle, Sandusky, Detroit, Michilimackinack, with others, and\\na considerable territory around each of them, all within the incon-\\ntestible limits of the United States, are still held by British garrisons,\\nto the loss and injury of the United States, 11 etc.,f and demanding\\nthat all of His Majesty^ armies and garrisons be forthwith with-\\ndrawn, 11 etc. To which, on the 28th of February, 1786, the British\\nsecretary replied, admitting that while Mr. Adams was correct in his\\nconstruction of the seventh article of the treaty, the fourth article of\\nthe same, stipulating that creditors on either side should meet with\\nno lawful impediment to the recovery of all bona fide debts, hereto-\\nfore contracted, had not been fulfilled on the part of the people of\\nthe United States. 11\\nThe reasons put forward by Lord Carmarthen were a mere pre-\\ntext. The true cause for the action of Great Britain in retaining\\npossession of these military posts was to prolong her enjoyment of\\nthe fur trade and continue her influence over the several Indian\\ntribes. With her it was the old desire to continue master of the fur\\nAppendix to The Administration of the Colonies, p. 16. This line, it would\\nappear, placed all of the country north of it and east of the Wabash in the jurisdiction\\nof Canada, and the territory to the south of the line and west of the Wabash within\\nthe confines of Louisiana.\\nt Secret Journals of Congress, vol. 4, p. 186.\\nSecret Journals of Congress, vol. 4, p. 187. Massachusetts and Virginia, for good\\nreasons, refused to comply with the article of the treaty concerning the collection of\\ndebts.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "266 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntrade. Her traders, in conjunction with the Canadians and coureurs\\nde hois, had, since the submission of the westward Indians to her\\nauthority, in 1765, extended and perfected the fur trade over the\\nentire northwest, and were reaping such profits as they never before\\nrealized, while the supply of goods required by the Indians absorbed\\na vast quantity of British manufactures.\\nUnfortunately, the revolutionary war was concluded without Great\\nBritain s having made any provisions for her Indian allies, who con-\\ntinued their hostilities. No treaties had ever been made between the\\nUnited States aiid the Wabash tribes, and the latter continued their\\nhostilities upon the people of Kentucky, in which the injuries and\\nmurders seemed to have been reciprocal.*\\nThe government tried peaceable means to put an end to these\\ndepredations. Failing in this, expeditions were sent out, the first\\nunder command of Gen. Harmar, who, in the fall of 1790, destroyed\\nthe villages about Fort Wayne, as noticed on page 173. The next,\\nby Gen. Charles Scott, in June, 1791, who burnt several villages\\nabove and below La Fayette, and carried a number of women and\\nchildren captives to Fort Washington, where they were held as pris-\\noners. A third, under Gen. Wilkinson, who, in the summer of the\\nsame year, burned the Wea village above Logansport and destroyed\\nsome Kickapoo villages on the west side of the river, taking away\\nwith him a number of women and children, as Scott had done before\\nhim. Old scores with long accumulating interest were paid back.\\nFrom Yincennes to Fort Defiance the heart of the Indian country\\nhad been ravaged. The principal villages along the Wabash and\\nMaumee were destroyed. The fields were devastated, and the In-\\ndians, suffering for food and shelter, were made to feel the retribu-\\ntive hand of the Americans, whom traders within our borders, and\\nother subjects of Great Britain in Canada, had heretofore taught\\nthem to despise.\\nWhile the expeditions of Scott and Wilkinson were being exe-\\ncuted, Gov. St. Clair was organizing a force with which, under\\ninstructions from the war department, he was to proceed to the\\nforks of the Maumee and there establish a permanent military post,\\nfrom which forces could be sent as occasion required, to punish such\\ntribes as might dare to further molest the border settlements. On\\nthe way to the Maumee his army, consisting of about 1,400 men,\\nwas, on the 4th of November, 1791, attacked by the confederated\\nAmerican State Papers, vol. 4, p. 13. It was estimated that between the years\\n1783 and 1790 no less than fifteen hundred persons were killed and captured in that\\nstate and adjacent territory, and upward of twenty thousand horses and other property,\\nestimated at $75,000, were taken or destroyed by the Indians: Idem, p. 88.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "TREATY AT VINCENNES. 267\\nIndians, and almost totally destroyed. The calamity was one of\\nthe most severe ever sustained by the United States at the hands of\\nthe Indians until the time of the recent defeat of Custer. The bat-\\ntle ground is in Mercer county, Ohio, and since known as Fort\\nRecovery.\\nThe government, too feeble and greatly embarrassed, financially,\\nfrom its struggle with Great Britain, could not speedily retrieve its\\nloss. St. Clair resigned his commission in disgrace and Gen. Wayne\\nMad Anthony, of revolutionary fame was appointed military\\ncommander of the northwest in his stead. While the new general\\nwas recruiting his forces and subjecting them to a discipline that\\nrendered their subsequent movements invincible, the government\\nagain tried to bring the Wabash tribes to a treaty of peace. The\\nlatter, now arrogant beyond measure from their victory, declined\\nall overtures, and basely murdered Messrs. Hardin, Freeman and\\nTrueman, who were sent with messages of peace to them. Gen.\\nPutnam, the agent of the Ohio company, at Marietta, offered his\\nservices, and at the hazard of his life undertook to visit the hostile\\ntribes and induce them to come to Philadelphia or Fort Washington\\nand enter into negotiations. He was soon satisfied that the Indians\\nwould neither go to Philadelphia nor Fort Washington. Persisting\\nin his efforts, however, several of the Wabash tribes agreed to meet\\nhim at Yincennes. Thither he went, starting from Fort Washington\\non the 26th of August, in company with the Moravian missionary,\\nJohn Heckwelder, and the surviving prisoners consisting mostly\\nof women and little children captured at the Wea towns by Scott\\nand Wilkinson the previous year. The party, numbering in all one\\nhundred and forty persons, were put in boats and taken down the\\nOhio and up the Wabash, ascending which they reached Vincennes\\non the afternoon of the 12th. The Indians, already notified of its\\ncoming, were assembled upon the banks of the river, and when\\nthey saw their friends approaching, says Heckwelder, they dis-\\ncharged their guns in token of joy, and sang the praises of their\\nfriends in tunes peculiar to themselves. The prisoners were\\nimmediately delivered to their friends with a happy speech by\\nGen. Putnam. From the 13th to the 23d the Indians were daily\\ncoming in to participate in the treaty.\\nDelegates representing the Eel Creek, Wea, Pottawatomie, Mas-\\ncoutin, Kickapoo, Piankeshaw, Kaskaskia and Peoria tribes being\\npresent, a conference was opened in the council house on the morn-\\ning of the 24th. Here Gen. Putnam assured the assembled chiefs\\nthat the United States desired peace that ample time and opportu-", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "268 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nnity would be given to them all to talk with the United States about\\nall that had happened to settle all old scores and to begin anew.\\nAn answer was deferred until the next day, when the council was\\nagain convened, at which the speakers chosen to reply on behalf of\\ntheir respective tribes rose up in succession, and spoke upon strings\\ni. e., giving presents of wampum. The drift of their speeches\\nwas that the whites should not take their land, but remain on the east\\nand south side of the Ohio, letting that river be the mutual bound-\\ndary. Their speeches were not clear, and Gem Putnam requested\\na more definite answer, with which they gratified him in the after-\\nnoon. Among other things, the Indian speakers stated that they\\ndid not wish to live too near the white people, as there were bad\\npersons on both sides that they wished to trade with us, and con-\\ncluded with a request that the French dwelling in the vicinity of\\nVincennes might not be deprived of the lands which had been\\ngiven them by the forefathers of the speakers in times past.\\nDefinite articles of peace were concluded and signed on the 27th\\nof September, 1792, and this was the first treaty ever entered into\\nbetween the United States and the several Wabash tribes. As here-\\ntofore intimated, it was a treaty of peace and friendship only.\\nGen. Putnam, as appears from his receipt, dated May 22, 1792, to\\nthe war department, had taken with him, besides a quantity of goods\\nfor presents, the following silver ornaments: twenty medals, thirty\\npairs of arm and wristbands, twelve dozen of brooches, thirty pairs\\nof nose jewels, thirty pairs of ear jewels, and two large white wam-\\npum belts of peace, with a silver medal suspended to each, bearing the\\narms of the United States.\\nThe chiefs of the several tribes having signed the articles of\\ntreaty, says the Journal of Gen. Putnam, the latter arose and\\ndelivered the following speech to them\\nBrothers, listen to what I say We have been for some days\\npast industriously engaged in a good work, namely, in establishing\\npeace, and we have happily succeeded, through the influence of the\\nGreat Spirit.\\nBrothers, we have wiped off the blood, we have buried the\\nhatchet on both sides; and all that is past shall be forgotten. (Takes\\nup the belts.)\\nBrothers, this is the bell of peace, which I now present you in\\nthe name of the United States. This belt shall be the evidence of,\\nand the pledge tor, the performance of the articles of the treaty of\\nVide Heckwelder s journal in the book before quoted, pp. 116, 117.\\nt Putnam s Manuscript Journal of the Treaty of Vincennes.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "THE GREAT PEACE BELT. 269\\npeace which we have concluded between the United States and your\\ntribes this day.\\nBrothers, whenever you look on this, remember that there is a\\nperpetual peace and friendship between you and us, and that you are\\nnow under the protection of the United States.\\nBrothers, we both hold this belt in our hands, here, at this\\nend, the United States hold it, and you hold it by the other end.\\nThe road, you see, is broad, level and clear. We may now pass to\\none another easy and without difficulty. Brothers, the faster we hold\\nthis belt the happier we shall be. Our women and children will\\nhave no occasion to be afraid any more. Our young men will observe\\nthat their wise men performed a good work.\\ntk Brothers, be all strong in that which is good. Abide all in this\\npath, young and old, and you will enjoy the sweetness of peace. 1\\n(Delivers the belts.)\\nThe connection which the relic here illustrated sustains with the\\ntreaty at Vincennes will now be shown. We leave the treaty for a\\nmoment while we narrate the circumstances under which this medal,\\ntogether with the other one illustrated farther on, was found. For\\nthe purposes of description, the first may be designated as the\\nWashington medal, although it is an engraving, and the latter as\\nthe British medal. 1 The former is believed to be none other than\\nthe silver medal suspended to the white wampum belt of peace pre-\\nsented by Gen. Putnam, and referred to in his speech.\\nThe two medals, the illustrations of which are the exact size of\\nthe originals, and fine representations of the sides of the medals\\nthey display, were found in April, 1855, at the old, so-called, Kicka-\\npoo Indian burying-gronnd, near the mouth of the Middle Fork of\\nthe Vermilion River, four miles west of Danville, Illinois, in a grave\\nwhich had become exposed by the giving way of the high bluff, on\\nthe brink of which this grave, with many others, is situated.*\\nThe old burial-place bears the appearance of having been used by the Indians\\nfor many years prior to the time of the cession of the territory along the Vermilion\\nby the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. It is a level plateau of several acres, at an\\nelevation that commands a fine view of both streams, overlooking the bluffs beyond,\\nand taking in a wide scope of the prairies, before the timber and undergrowth had\\nintercepted the view. The plateau is terminated at the westward by a precipitous bluff,\\nthe foot of which, nearly a hundred feet below, is washed by the Middle Fork. Of late\\nyears the stream has encroached upon the bluff at the water-line, causing the earth to\\nslide down from above. Two young men, John Ecard and Hiram Chester, then living\\nupon the farm of Samuel Chester, near by, were passing along the water s edge, in the\\nmonth of April, 1855, and found a skull and some other parts of a human skeleton that\\nhad fallen out of a grave above and rolled down the hill. The skull was well preserved,\\nand had clinging to it the remains of a rotted band, filled with plain brooches, about a\\nhalf an inch in diameter, made of silver, which, owing to their delicate structure and\\nthe length of time they had been buried, crumbled to pieces on exposure to the air.\\nThe young men, following an accessible path that led up the hill, proceeded to the", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "270\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe Washington medal consists of a thin plate of silver let into\\na rim of the same metal. It was made and engraved by hand. On\\nthe side not illustrated is engraved the coat of arms of the United\\nStates the American eagle, with wings outspread, the shield upon\\ngrave out of which the remains had fallen, and found a part of the grave still intact.\\nEcard took a stick, and digging around in that portion of the grave that yet remained,\\nquickly unearthed both of the medals, which were highly discolored. He sold them to\\nSamuel Chester, and the latter disposed of them to the present owner, Josephus Collett,\\nof Terre Haute, to whom the writer is indebted for permission to illustrate them. The\\nwriter has the affidavit of Samuel Chester as to the time, place and manner of their\\nfinding. Mr. Chester was informed of the facts within a few moments after their dis-\\ncovery, and immediately went over to the spot in company with the young men, of\\nwhom he then and there received the particulars substantially as given.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "DESCRIPTION OF THE MEDAL. 271\\nits breast; a bundle of arrows in one foot and an olive branch in the\\nother and the stars, representing the several states, about the head\\nof the bird, from which lines radiate, representing the sun s rays.\\nThe eye, by which the medal is suspended, shows no signs of\\nhaving been used the delicate tracings of the engraver appear as\\nperfect as when first made. These facts would seem to preclude\\nthe idea that it was worn about the person as an ornament.\\nAmong the manuscript papers of Gen. Putnam relating to the\\ntreaty of Yincennes is a speech, in his own handwriting, in which\\nhe particularly describes one side of this medal.*\\nWe quote extracts from Gen. Putnam s speech:\\nBrothers, the engravings on this medal distinguish the United\\nStates from all other nations it is called their arms, and no other\\nnation has the like. The principal figure is a broad eagle. This\\nbird is a native of this island, and is to be found in no other part of\\nthe world and both you and the Americans being also born on this\\nisland, and having grown up together with the eagle, they have\\nplaced him in their arms, and have engraved him on this medal, by\\nwhich the great chief, Gen. Washington, and all the people of the\\nUnited States hold this belt fast. The wings of the eagle are ex-\\ntended to give protection to all our friends, and to assure you of our\\nprotection so long as you hold fast this belt. In his right foot the\\neagle holds the branch of a tree, which with us is an emblem of\\npeace, and it means that we love peace, and wish to live in peace\\nwith all our neighbors, and is to assure you that while you hold this\\nbelt fast you shall always be in peace and security, whether you are\\npursuing the chase, or reposing yourselves under the shadow of the\\nbough. In the left foot of this bird is placed a bundle of arrows\\nby this is meant that the United States have the means of war, and\\nthat when peace cannot be obtained or maintained with their neigh-\\nbors on just terms, and that if, notwithstanding all their endeavors\\nfor peace, war is made upon them, they are prepared for it. f\\nWhether this explanation, or the substance of it, was delivered at Vincennea,\\nwe cannot say. It does not appear in the journal of the proceedings. Letter of\\nDr. Andrews, custodian of the Putnam papers at Marietta College, Ohio, to the writer.\\nHowever, while the journal may be silent on this point, it was doubtless delivered, as\\nappears from the remarks of an Indian chief two years later, at Greenville, noticed\\nfarther on.\\nfit will be borne in mind that prior to this treaty the tribes represented at Vin-\\ncennes had never held official or diplomatic relations with the United States, and it\\nwas highly proper that our coat of arms, and the signification of its several parts,\\nshould be explained to them. The bill of account of Gen. Putnam against the United\\nStates shows that at this treaty he delivered one of the peace belts, six of the medals,\\nand a quantity of other jewelry itemized in the account, and that he retained the other\\npeace belt, medals, etc., in his custody. Extract from the Putnam papers, supplied to\\nthe writer by Dr. Andrews.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "272 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nThe obverse side of the medal, illustrated, required no explana-\\ntion from Gen. Putnam it interpreted its own story to the Indian\\nclearer than any words could do. The Indian has thrown his toma-\\nhawk, the emblem of war, at the foot of the tree, under whose roots\\nit was to be typically buried. The extended pipe is the universal\\ntoken of peace, which Washington, representing the United States,\\nwith outstretched hands was about to receive and smoke, as the\\nIndian had already done. These friendly acts assured protection to\\nthe pioneer plowman and his cabin in the background. All this is\\nplain to the merest novice in picture reading.\\nTurning to the minutes of the great treaty held at Greenville, in\\n1T95, we take the following extracts from two speeches of Kesis, or\\nthe Sun, a prominent Pottawatomie chief, who took an active part\\nin both of the treaties at Vincennes and Greenville.\\nElder Brother:* If my old chiefs were living, I should not pre-\\nsume to speak in this assembly but as they are dead, I now address\\nyou in the name of the Pottawatomies, as Massas has spoken in the\\nname of the three fires, of which we are one.f I have to express\\nmy concurrence in sentiment with him. It is two years since I\\nassisted at the treaty of Vincennes. My voice there represented\\nthe three fires. I then said it will take three years to accomplish\\na general peace.\\nIn another speech (made in order of time before the one quoted),\\nKesis says Brother, the Master of Life had pity on me when he\\npermitted me to come and take you first by the hand. With the\\nsame hand and heart I then possessed I now salute you. When I\\ngave you my hand you said I thank you, and am glad to take your\\nhand, Pottawatomie and you thanked the other Indians, also, and\\ntold them you had opened a road for them to come and see you.\\nReferring to Gen. Wayne.\\nfMassass was a Chippewa, and the expression, of the three fires being one, is\\nintended by Kesis to refer to the fact that the Ottawas, Chippeways and Pottawato-\\nmies were one nation.\\nMeaning the United States.\\nOpening a road has the peculiar signification that the parties who have given\\nand received a road belt are at liberty to go to and from, and visit each other\\nfreely, as friends, without danger of molestation. It seems that Kesis was the custo-\\ndian of several of these belts or records, for at Greenville he displayed a road belt\\nwhich he said he had received from the United States, to which the eagle was sus-\\npended holding an olive branch which, he said, had been explained as a leaf of that\\ngreat tree under whose shade we and all our posperity should repose in prosperity and\\nhappiness. He also displayed a war belt which, he said, was presented to us by\\nthe British, and has involved us for four years past in misery and misfortune. This\\nwar belt he gave to Gen. Wayne, saying: You may burn it if you please, or trans-\\nform it into a necklace for some handsome squaw, and thus change its original design\\nand appearance, and prevent forever its future recognition. It has caused us much\\nmisery, and I am happy in parting with it. Kesis, as stated in another speech made\\nby him at the same treaty, and quoted in foot-note on page 147, said his village was a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "ENGLISH MEDAL.\\n273\\nThe British medal was struck with a die. It is of pure silver, or\\nsilver containing very little alloy, nearly a quarter of an inch thick,\\nand weighing nearly four ounces, troy weight. On the reverse side\\n(not illustrated) is the coat-of-arms of Great Britain. The hole\\nthrough which the string was passed, unlike the Washington medal,\\nis badly worn, while the finer lines of the bust of the British king are\\nalso worn away, showing that that side of the medal had been worn\\nagainst the breast or clothing of its owner. All the delicate lines\\non the coat-of-arms side are as perfect as when the medal was struck.\\nIt is without date. A correspondence with the custodian of medals\\nin the British Museum in London, England, has resulted in disclos-\\ning that a duplicate is among the collections of that institution, and\\nthat the die with which they were struck was made either in the\\nyear 1786 or 1787, and that many like them had been presented to\\nthe Indians.*\\nday s walk below Ouiatanon, referring-, as is believed, to the mixed Kickapoo and Pot-\\ntawatomie village at the mouth of the Vermilion River. Now, the same people occu-\\npied a village called the Old Kickapoo Town, within a short distance of the old bury-\\ning ground we have described, and this last was not abandoned as a permanent village\\nuntil the year 1819, as the writer is informed by early settlers who were cognizant of\\nthe fact. It is probable that Kesis was buried there, and the medals with him, where\\nthey were afterward found in the manner narrated.\\nThis circumstance makes the medal illustrated another witness of the fact that\\nsubsequent to the treaty of peace in 1783 British subjects continued distributing\\n18", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "274 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nResuming the notice of the treaty at Vincennes, peace being now\\nproclaimed, Gen. Putnam informed the Indians that he should have\\na piece of artillery fired on the occasion that he would fire the first\\ngun, and that each of those chiefs who had received belts should\\nfollow the example.\\nAfter the conclusion of this ceremony, all of the Indians we\\nhere quote from Heckwelder s journal, which states that eight can-\\nnon were fired, the first by Gen. Putnam himself, the rest by the\\nchiefs who had received the belts all the Indians performed a\\ndance in the council house, to express their rejoicings at the peace.\\nEach nation was painted in a different style, and all took the utmost\\npains to make themselves appear as fierce and terrific as possible.\\nThey commenced by proceeding, with drums and singing, through\\nall the streets of the town they then adjourned to the council\\nhouse, where they sung and related their warlike deeds. The figures\\nand grimaces which they made during this dance, the disfigured and\\nferocious countenances, the instruments of war they whirled about,\\nwith which they dealt blows upon the posts and benches, the rattling\\n-of deer s claws about their legs, the green garlands about their necks\\nand waists, and their naked bodies, presented a scene which I am\\nunable to describe. All, however, passed off in an orderly manner,\\n.at least in their way. 1\\nThe distribution of presents began on the 3d of September, and\\ncontinued several days, and on the 5th of October Father Heck-\\nwelder, with sixteen of the chiefs and one Indian woman, in charge\\nof Lieut. Prior, two pilots and two soldiers, started overland on\\npack-horses for Philadelphia, by way of the falls at Louisville. At\\nthe latter place they continued the voyage in three canoes, passing\\nup the Ohio by Fort Washington, Gallipolis, Marietta, AVheeling\\nand Pittsburgh, at all of which places they were received with pub-\\nlic demonstrations. From Pittsburgh they went, by way of Bethle-\\nhem, to Philadelphia. The treaty concluded by Gen. Putnam was\\nlaid before the United States Senate in February, 1793, where it lin-\\ngered until January, 1794, the senate refusing to ratify it because the\\nfourth article recognized the right of the Indians to their lands, as\\nbeing theirs and theirs only. f\\nMost of the principal chiefs of the Wabash Indians, says the\\nmedals bearing the coat-of-arins and bust of their king among the Indians within the\\nceded territory, thus keeping up the old relation of the latter as children of their\\nBritish father.\\nLife of Heckwelder. by Rondthaler, p. 117.\\ntGen. Putnam had only carried out his orders, and the objectionable clause was\\nalmost literally in the words of his instructions from the Secretary of War.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "BRITISH INVASION ON THE MAUMEE. 275\\nSecretary of War to the President, in a letter of the 2d of January,\\n17!M, who visited Philadelphia, having died of the smallpox, it\\nwould have been improper to attempt with the remainder any ex-\\nplanation of the fourth article of the treaty, and therefore the sen-\\nate refused, by a vote of twenty-one to four, to give it effect. While\\nthe senate was engaged in deliberating over that, which at best\\nmight be called a technicality when compared with the benefit that\\nwould have resulted from a ratification of the treaty of Yincennes,\\nthe Indians were increasing in their feelings of hostility, and gather-\\ning in numbers, and concentrating their forces against the govern-\\nment. Still the latter renewed its efforts to secure a peace. In\\nMarch, 1793, the President appointed Messrs. Randolph, of Vir-\\nginia, Lincoln, of Massachusetts, and Pickering, of Pennsylvania,\\nto treat with the northwestern tribes, who proceeded to the Niagara\\nRiver, intending to go from there to Sandusky. On their way they\\nmet Red Jacket and some other chiefs of the Seneca nation, who\\nadvised them that the western Indians, to whom the President had\\nsent a speech, inviting them to a treaty, would not attend because\\nthe British had not been invited to be present, and that it was\\nnecessary they should attend, because they originally called the\\nIndians to war against the United States.* Lieutenant-Governor\\nSimcoe, commanding the king s forces in Upper Canada, antici-\\npating the coming of the commissioners, had in April come from\\nNiagara through the woods to Detroit, and had gone from thence to\\nthe foot of the Rapids, and three companies of Col. England s\\nregiment had followed him, to assist in building a fort there.\\nHaving thus invaded the territory of the United States, Gov. Simcoe\\nnow intimated that he would be pleased to assist in attempting a\\nreconciliation between the United States and the Indians. The com-\\nmissioners, unhappily, were not in a position to decline his friendly\\naid, and accordingly the preliminary courtesies between the Gov-\\nernor of Canada and the commissioners were opened at Navy Hall,\\nthe house of the former, opposite Fort Niagara, on the 17th of May.\\nHere the latter were detained by delays they could not foresee or\\nprevent. In the meantime large delegations of the several westward\\ntribes already named, together with representatives of the Five\\nNations and Cherokees, were assembled in a grand council about\\nGov. Simcoe s rising fort at the Rapids of the Maumee, and were\\nengaged in settling their minor differences, and agreeing upon a\\nunited plan of action preliminary to, and to be insisted upon, at the\\nA. S. Papers on Indian Affairs, p. 342.\\nt Letter from Detroit, dated April 17, 1794, idem p. 480.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "276 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ntreaty proposed to be held with the United States commissioners at\\nSandusky. Several messages, as a basis of peace, passed between\\nthe two parties, the views of each being widely apart. In August\\nthe commissioners went up the lake to the mouth of the Detroit\\nRiver, so that less time would be consumed by the bearers of dis-\\npatches between themselves and the Indian council at the Rapids.\\nThe Indians would not recede from their sine qua non, which was\\nno less than the Ohio River as the boundary between themselves\\nand the United States. This could not be conceded, for the reason\\nthat by the treaties of Fort Mcintosh and Fort Harmar the govern-\\nment had acquired a large tract on the north and west side of that\\nstream, portions of which had been purchased by citizens of the\\nUnited States, who were then actually living upon the same. The\\ncommissioners agreed to purchase the lands over again from any\\ntribes having claims to any part thereof who had not been present or\\nrepresented at the treaties by which the United States had acquired\\nits title. Brothers, replied the Indians, money to us is of no value,\\nand to most of us unknown, and as no consideration whatever can\\ninduce us to sell the lands on which we get sustenance for our women\\nand children, we hope we may be allowed to point out a mode by\\nwhich your settlers may be recompensed and peace thereby obtained.\\nWe know these settlers are poor, or they never would have ventured\\nto live in a country which has been in continual trouble ever since\\nthey crossed the Ohio. Divide, therefore, this large sum of money\\nwhich you have offered to us among these people give to each,\\nalso, a portion of what you said you would give to us annually over\\nand above this very large sum of money, and we are persuaded they\\nwould most readily accept of it in lieu of the lands you sold them.\\nIf you add the great sums you must expend in raising and paying\\narmies, with a view to force us to yield our country, you will cer-\\ntainly have more than sufficient for the purpose of repaying these\\nsettlers for all their labor and improvements. You have talked to\\nus about concessions. It appears strange that you should expect any\\nfrom us, who have only been defending our just rights against your\\ninvasions. We want peace restore us our country, and we will be\\nenemies no longer. We shall be persuaded that you mean to\\ndo* us justice if you agree that the Ohio shall remain the boundary\\nline between us. If you will not consent thereto, our meeting will\\nbe altogether unnecessary. 1\\nExtracts from the joint answer of the Pottawatomies, Chippeways, Ottawas\\nMiamis, Shawnees, Delawares, Wyandots, Muncies, the Seven Nations of Canada, the\\nSenecas of the Au Glaize, Mohegans and other tribes, dated at Miami Rapids, August\\n13, 1793.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAR. 277\\nThe commissioners could make no such concessions, as must have\\nbeen foreseen by the Indians and their evil advisers.\\nGen. Wayne moved his forces from Fort Greenville, where he\\nhad wintered, and on the day of August, 1794, obtained a deci-\\nsive victory over the Indians, almost under the guns of the British\\nfort. After destroying villages and fields the whole length of the\\nMaumee and the Au Glaize, his army returned to Greenville, where\\nhe passed a second winter. In the following summer delegates from\\nthe several tribes met him, and after a conference extending over\\nfive months, a treaty was signed, leaving the Indians with the dimen-\\nsions of their territories vastly curtailed, and themselves for the first\\ntime recognized as the children of a new father, The Fifteen\\nFires, as they called the United States.\\nGen. Wayne s success, and the happy negotiations of Chief-\\nJustice Jay, terminated the differences, for the present at least,\\nbetween our government on the one side and the Indians and Great\\nBritain on the other. The several military posts held by the English\\nwithin our territory, including Fort Miami, erected by Gov. Simcoe,\\nwere surrendered early in 1796 Gen. Wayne, authorized by the\\npresident so to do, receiving possession of them on behalf of the\\nUnited States. He at once arranged to have Detroit and the other\\nworks provisioned and garrisoned, and 4ate in the season embarked\\nby way of the lake for Erie. On the way he was attacked with gout\\nof the stomach, of which he died before the vessel reached the port.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXV.\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY DIVIDED\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON\\nAPPOINTED GOVERNOR OF THE INDIANA TERRITORY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ITS SUB-\\nDIVISION INTO COUNTIES BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF GOVERNOR\\nHARRISON TECUMSEH AND HIS BROTHER THE PROPHET S CON-\\nFEDERACY\u00e2\u0080\u0094ORGANIZATION OF ILLINOIS TERRITORY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDIAN HOS-\\nTILITIES\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE ADVANCE OF POPULATION CONCLUSION.\\nPeace being secured, emigration poured into Ohio so rapidly,\\nextending itself westward to the Great Miami, that at the beginning\\nof the year 1800 the population was nearly sufficient to entitle the\\nterritory to be advanced to the second grade of government.* Ac-\\ncordingly, on the 7th of May of that year, congress passed an act\\nfor a division of the territory, to take eifect on the 4th day of the\\nfollowing July.\\nBy this act all that part of the Northwest Territory lying to the\\nwestward of a line beginning at the Ohio, opposite the mouth of\\nKentucky River, and running from thence to Fort Recovery, and\\nthence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between the\\nUnited States and Canada, shall, for the purposes of temporary gov-\\nernment, constitute a separate territory, to be called the Indiana\\nTerritory.\\nThe territory eastward of this line retained the old name of the\\nTerritory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River, and\\nby the terms of the act Chillicothe was made the seat of government\\nof the latter, and Vincennes of the former, territory, f Gen. Wm.\\nH. Harrison, then delegate in congress for the old Northwest Terri-\\ntory, was appointed governor, and John Gibson, secretary, of the\\nnew Indiana Territory. The governor reached Vincennes early in\\nthe year 1801, having been preceded thither by the secretary the\\nUnder the Ordinance of 1787 thex*e were two grades of territorial government.\\nThe first was composed of the judges and governor; the second grade began when the\\ninhabitants numbered sixty thousand, and consisted of a territorial legislature, com-\\nprising a house of representatives, elected by the people, and a council, appointed by\\nthe president and senate of the United States.\\nfOld Land Laws, p. 451. The name given to the western subdivision could not\\nhave been more appropriate, as it contained within its boundaries the most numerous\\nand by far the most populous Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. The name Indiana,\\nhowever, was not original, having been formerly applied to a tract of country on the\\nsoutheast of the Ohio, about the Great Kanawha, granted to Col. George Morgan,\\nIndian trader and agent, prior to the beginning of the revolutionary war.\\n278", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "TERRITORIAL COUNTIES. 279\\nprevious July. Gov. Harrison called the judges of the territory\\ntogether at Yincennes for the purpose of passing the necessary laws\\nand setting the machinery of government in motion. On the 3d of\\nFebruary the governor issued proclamations altering the boundaries\\nof Knox, Randolph and St. Clair counties, previously formed, and\\ncreating the new county of Clark. By the terms of the first procla-\\nmation the county of Knox was extended some thirty miles into Illi-\\nnois, south of Yincennes, and extending from thence north by a little\\neast to the mouth of the Calumet River, A line was extended from\\nthe westward boundary of Knox through the Sink-Hole Spring\\na prominent landmark on the west side of the state, nearly on the\\npresent boundary line between the counties of Randolph and St.\\nClair to the Mississippi. The territory south of this line was called\\nRandolph county, Kaskaskia being the county seat. All of Illinois\\nwest of Knox, the whole of Wisconsin, and all that part of Michigan\\nlying north of a line drawn northeast from the mouth of the Calumet\\nRiver and west of the dividing line between Ohio and Indiana, ex-\\ntended north through the Straits of Mackinaw, the boundary between\\nthe United States and Canada, was formed into the county of St.\\nClair, the county seat of which was established at Cahokia. The\\ncounty of Knox began at the cave in the rock on the Ohio, thirty\\nmiles below the mouth of the Wabash, thence up the Ohio to the\\nmouth of Blue River, and up this stream to the crossing of the\\nold road from Yincennes to Louisville from thence to the nearest\\npoint on White River, and up the same to the branch thereof which\\nruns toward Fort Recovery, and from the head-springs of said branch\\nto Fort Recovery thence along the line separating Ohio from Indi-\\nana until its intersection with the line drawn northeast from the\\nmouth of the Calumet River, and thence southward along the eastern\\nboundary of St. Clair and Randolph counties to the Ohio River at\\nthe cave in the rock. The new county of Clark was a gore, its base\\nbeing on the Ohio, between the mouths of the Big Blue and Ken-\\ntucky rivers, bounded on the west by Knox county, and on the\\neast by the Indian line of cession, running from the mouth of the\\nKentucky river north by east to Fort Recovery. Springfield, near\\nthe Ohio River, was made the county seat of Clark, while Yincennes\\nremained the county seat of Knox, as before.\\nOn the 29th of November, 1802, the eastern division of the\\nnorthwest territory became a state, and was admitted into the\\nUnion, bearing the name of Ohio. While Ohio had remained as\\nthe northwest territory, the peninsula of Michigan was attached to\\nit for judicial purposes. The greater portion of the peninsula had", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "280 HISTOEIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nbeen organized into a county and given the name of Wayne, in\\n1796, by Gov. St. Clair, who was present with Gen. Wayne, at\\nDetroit, when that post was surrendered to the United States by\\nthe English commander. By the act of congress providing for the\\nadmission of Ohio as a state, Michigan was taken from Ohio and\\nattached to the Indiana territory. The people of Ohio resented\\nwhat they considered as an illegal interference by congress, in thus\\ndisposing of territory which, under the ordinance of 1787, would\\nhave remained as a part of and tributary to Ohio, until such time\\nas it was formed into a state.*\\nGov. Harrison, on the 24th of January, 1803, issued a proclama-\\ntion establishing the county of Wayne, the boundaries of which\\nembraced the whole of the lower peninsula, except a strip running\\nthe length of Lake Michigan west of Branch county, and a small\\nportion of Indiana and Ohio lying north of a line drawn due east\\nfrom the southern extremity of the lake.f\\nOn the 11th of January, 1805, congress established Michigan as\\na separate territory, and Gen. William Hull was appointed as its\\ngovernor, Detroit being designated the capital.\\nGov. Harrison brought with him the prestige of an established\\nreputation as a military officer and a statesman. As ensign he\\nserved with Gov. St. Clair, and as aide-de-camp of Gen. Wayne,\\nhe bore a distinguished part in the successful campaigns of the lat-\\nter against the northwest Indians. He was secretary of the north-\\nwest territory and a delegate in congress from the eastern division.\\nOn the formation of the Indiana territory he was not only made its\\ngovernor, but commissioned as superintendent of Indian affairs in\\nthe northwest, which he administered with a skill and success never\\nequaled by any other person through whom our government has\\nhad dealings with the Indians. During the long period he had\\nBy a literal construction of the ordinance of 1787, all that part of Michigan lying\\neast from a line drawn from the mouth of the Miami north to the middle of the Straits\\nof Mackinaw would have belonged to Ohio, while the territory lying west of this line\\nwould have remained as a part of Indiana until it was formed into a state.\\nfThe proclamation defines the boundaries as follows: Beginning at a point\\nwhere an east and west line passing through the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan\\nwould intersect a north and south line passing through the most easterly bend of said\\nlake; thence north along the last mentioned line to the boundary of the United States;\\nthence along the said boundary line to a point where a due east and west line passing\\nthrough the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan would intersect the same; thence\\nwest to the place of beginning, and which said county shall be designated and known\\nas the county of Wayne, and that the inhabitants of said county shall have and enjoy\\n[from the date hereof] all the rights, privileges and immunities whatsoever which to a\\ncounty and the inhabitants thereof in any wise appertains. Detroit remained as the\\nseat of government, and the officers who held commissions in the old county of Wayne\\nwere continued in office. Vide Executive Records of the Indiana territory.\\nX The name Michigan is derived from the two Chippewa Mitchaw (great) and Sagi-\\ngan (lake). Vide Blois Gazetteer of Michigan, p. 177.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "GEN HARBISON.\\n281\\ncharge of the Indian affairs, he extinguished the title of the Indians\\nto a greater part of the territory within the limits of Indiana and\\nIllinois, and in all his dealings with this unfortunate race his con-\\nduct was marked with a uniform kindness and fair dealing that won\\nfor him the most implicit confidence and esteem of the Indians\\nthemselves and the applause of the government. His private and\\nofficial correspondence abun-\\ndantly illustrate the tender re-\\ngard he had for the Indians,\\nand the care with which he al-\\nways sought to protect their\\nrights against the designs of\\nthe unscrupulous, while at the\\nsame time he was equally so-\\nlicitous to shield the white peo-\\nple against all aggressions from\\nthe red. It is said that Gov.\\nHarrison was personally ac-\\nquainted with almost every\\nprominent chief of the many\\ntribes within his jurisdiction,\\nand by his address, tact and well-\\nknown integrity, he attracted to\\nhis person many of the leading\\nsavages in bonds of closest friendship. These prominent traits en-\\nabled him to exert an influence over the Indians that few other men\\ncould have commanded, and by the exercise of which he often restrained\\nthe lawlessness of the savage and protected the pioneer s cabin.\\nBeginning with the time of his appointment as governor, and\\nending with the close of the war of 1812, his vigilance and skill\\nduring all the time of that memorable struggle shielded the ex-\\ntended lines of the western frontier from incursions of the savages.\\nThe early settlers of western Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan\\nmight well have hailed him as the father of the west.\\nHis fame as a soldier and commander is a part of the military his-\\ntory of the country. He was born in Charles City county, Virginia,\\nFebruary 9, 1773, and died April 4, 1841, at Washington, of an ill-\\nness supposed to have been induced in consequence of the fatigue\\nand excitement incident to his inauguration as the ninth president\\nof the United States.*\\nThe vignette of Gov. Harrison was supplied by Harper Bros., copyright owners\\nof Lossing s Field-Book of the War of 1812, from which it is taken.\\nGEN. HARRISON.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "282\\nHISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nEarly in 1806 Gov. Harrison was advised that a Shawnee Indian\\nhad set himself up as a prophet. This man avowed that he had been\\ndeputed by the Great Spirit to reform the manners of the red people\\nto revive all their old customs which had been laid aside since their\\nintercourse with the white people that all the manners in dress and\\nother innovations borrowed by the Indians from the whites were to\\nbe abolished, and that when these reforms were effected the comfort\\nand happiness enjoyed by their forefathers would be restored, on\\ncondition of their obedience to the will and orders of the Prophet.\\nThe latter pretended to fore- ,^ss,\\ntell future events, declared\\nthat he was invulnerable to\\nthe arms or shot of his enemy,\\nand he promised the same\\ninviolability to those of his\\nfollowers who would devote\\nthemselves entirely to his ser-\\nvice, and assist him in the\\ncause which he had espoused.\\nThis new light dawned upon\\nthe Indians at Greenville,\\nOhio, in the person of Lol-\\na-waw-chic-ka, or the Loud\\nVoice, brother of Tecumseh.\\nThe Prophet, the name by\\nwhich he was generally desig-\\nnated, soon gathered about\\nhim a large number of follow-\\ners, composed of a few Shaw-\\nnee warriors of his own tribe and numerous persons from other\\ntribes, many of whom had fled for their crimes.;}:\\nFor some time the Prophet s influence in his own neighborhood\\nwas trifling his fame, however, spread among the more distant\\nTHE PROPHET.\\nMemoirs of Gen. Harrison, p. 81.\\nt Judges Hall and McKenney, in their History of the Indian Tribes of North\\nAmerica, vol. 1, p. 47, following Benjamin Drake s Manuscript of the Life of Tecumseh\\nand the Prophet, before its publication by the author, give the name as Tens-kwau-ta-\\nwaw, meaning the Open Door. Drake s Life of Tecumseh, p. 88. The name of the\\nprophet and its signification, as given in the text, is taken from a speech sent by the\\nprophet to Gen. Harrison, in August, 1808, found in full in the Memoirs of General\\nHarrison, p. 108, and being the name, with its meaning, as given by none other than\\nthe prophet himself, may be regarded as the more correct.\\nThe fine illustration of the prophet here given was first used in Lossing s Picto-\\nrial Field Book of the War of 1812, p. 189, published by Harper Brothers, who kindly\\nfurnished the cut for insertion in this work.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "ENGLISH INFLUENCE. 283\\ntribes, and miracles without number were attributed to him. He\\ngathered about him a horde of deluded savages, whose numbers\\nwere swollen daily by accessions of the disaffected from the various\\ntribes, the Winnebagoes, and particularly the Kickapoos, furnishing\\nlarge numbers of enthusiastic proselytes. So great was the infatua-\\ntion of his followers that while listening to his teachings they wholly\\nneglected to provide for their own subsistence, and as reports pre-\\nvailed abroad that they were supplied with every luxury through\\nthe supernatural power of the Prophet, they were actually starving.*\\nThe principal Delaware chiefs being opposed to the schemes of the\\nProphet, the latter, to get rid of them, brought charges of witchcraft\\nagainst three of the old Delaware chiefs, and caused them to be\\nburned at the stake.\\nIn the spring of 1808 the Prophet and his adherents moved from\\nGreenville and took up their abode on the Wabash, near the mouth\\nof the Tippecanoe, on a tract of land claimed to have been granted\\nthem by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos, without the consent of\\nthe Miamis, who were the rightful owners.\\nThe Prophet was merely a screen, behind which his brother,\\nTecumseh, a man of much more ability, was perfecting a confedera-\\ntion of all the tribes in a grand scheme of hostility against the people\\nof the United States, and involving no less than a bold attempt to\\ncheck the westward advance of white emigration and the recovery of\\nall previously-ceded lands north and westward of the Ohio. In this\\nmovement was but too plainly visible the hands of English traders\\nand the baneful influence emanating from Quebec, Montreal, Sand-\\nwich and Maiden.:}: After the surrender of the several military posts\\nby the British authorities, medals bearing the head of the English\\nking on the obverse, and the British coat-of-arms on the reverse,\\ncontinued persistently to be distributed among the principal Indian\\nchiefs, the same as they had been bestowed before, and the Indians\\nwere still taught, in this most pernicious and effectual manner, to\\nregard the English sovereign as their father.\\nTo preserve harmony, as far as practicable, in a chronological\\norder of treating events, Tecumseh s movements will be dropped,\\nto note the fact of a subdivision of the Indiana territory. On the 3d\\nof February, 1809, congress passed an Act, whereby all that\\npart of the Indiana territory which lies west of the Wabash River,\\nMemoirs of General Harrison, p. 81.\\nt McAffee, p. 11. Drake s Tecumseh, p. 105.\\nX Situated a few miles below Detroit, on the Canadian side of the river.\\nSamuel K. Brown s History of the Second War for Independence.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "284 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nand a line drawn from that river and Post Vincennes due north to\\nthe territorial line between the United States and Canada, should,\\nfor the purposes of a territorial government, constitute a separate\\nterritory, and be called Illinois. 1 Nmnian Edwards, then chief\\njustice of Kentucky, was appointed governor, and Nathaniel Pope,\\nan eminent member of the Kaskaskia bar, secretary of the Illinois\\nTerritory, which was thus started on the way of the first grade of its\\nexistence. Kaskaskia, with the romance of a century and the mists\\nof more remote tradition clinging about its venerable precincts, was\\nselected as the seat of government.\\nTecumseh had an able assistant in the person of Blue Jacket, the\\ngreat Shawnee warrior. The two held similar views, the leading\\nprinciples of which were to combine all the tribes to prevent the\\nsale of land by a single tribe, to join the British in the event of war,\\nwith the hope of recovering the lands previously ceded. They held\\nthat in the treaty of Greenville the United States had admitted the\\nright to the lands to be jointly in all the tribes, and, therefore, had\\nno right to purchase territory of a single tribe without the consent\\nof all the others, f\\nThe various tribes in the habit of visiting Detroit and Sandwich\\nwere annually subsidized by the British. Where the American\\nagent at Detroit gave one dollar by way of an annuity, the British\\nagent on the other side of the river would give the Indians ten.\\nThis course of iniquity had the intended effect the Indians were\\nimpressed with a great aversion for the Americans, and desired to\\nrecover the lands ceded at Greenville, and for which they were\\nyearly receiving the stipulated annuity. They wished again to try\\ntheir strength with the Big Knife, in order to wipe away the dis-\\ngrace of their defeat by Gen. Wayne. They were still promised aid\\nby the British in the advent of a war between the latter and the\\nUnited States.\\nThe teachings of the Prophet and the schemes of Tecumseh could\\nhave only one result. Gen. Harrison saw the storm that was too\\nsurely approaching, and exerted himself, with great address, to pro-\\ntect the inhabitants committed to his care, scattered, as they were,\\nat great distances over an extensive territory. By an admirable sys-\\ntem he had spies, in the guise of traders, and Indians, whom he had\\nby his winning manners drawn about him, in the villages of all of\\nthe disaffected tribes, by means of whom he was kept fully informed\\nSecond U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 114.\\nt McAfee s History of the Late War, p. 9.\\nMcAfee, p. 9.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "PLANS OF TECUMSEH. 285\\nof the purposes of Tecuinseh and his brother, the Prophet. While\\nTecumseh was traveling, visiting the various tribes in the northwest,\\nand perfecting his schemes, the governor was preparing for what he\\nknew would surely come war.\\nThe Prophet, becoming bolder every day, at last, in the month\\nof April, 1809, required his followers to take up the hatchet\\nagainst the white people, to destroy the inhabitants of Vincennes\\nand those on the Ohio, who lived as low down as its mouth and as\\nhigh up as Cincinnati, telling them that the Great Spirit had ordered\\nthem to do this, and that their refusal would result in their own de-\\nstruction. A number of Chippeways, Ottawas and Pottawatomies\\nwere so alarmed at this bold avowal that they hurried away from\\nthe Prophet.* The estimated force of the Prophet at this time was\\nfrom six to eight hundred men and if, as it was reported, the\\ndefection had extended to all the tribes between the Illinois River\\nand Lake Michigan, that number might be doubled. f\\nThe governor dispatched another one of his interpreters, Joseph\\nBarron, to the Prophet s town, in the hope that, when informed of\\nthe strength and resources of the United States, the Indians would\\nbe prevented from commencing hostilities. This speech was deliv-\\nered to the Prophet by Barron, in the presence of Tecumseh. No\\nanswer was made, but one was promised to be sent back by the\\ninterpreter. The latter lodged for the night with Tecumseh, when\\na general conversation ensued, in which Tecumseh denied an in-\\ntention to make war, but declared that it was not possible to be\\nfriends with the United States, unless the latter would abandon the\\nidea of extending settlements further to the north and west, and\\nexplicitly acknowledge the principle that all the lands in the west-\\nern country were the common property of all the tribes. The\\nGreat Spirit, 1 1 said Tecumseh, gave this island to his red chil-\\ndren. He placed the whites on the other side of the big water.\\nThey were not contented with their own, but came to take ours from\\nus. They have driven us from the sea to the lakes we can go no\\nfarther. They have taken upon them to say this tract is the Mi-\\nami s, this is the Delaware s, and so on but the Great Spirit\\nintended it as the common property of all. Our father tells us\\nthat we have no business upon the Wabash that the land belongs\\nMemoirs of Gen. Harrison, pp. 126, 127.\\nf Idem, 138. About this time an old Piankashaw, named Grosble, or Big-Corn, a\\nparticular friend to Gen. Harrison and the United States, asked the former for permis-\\nsion to move beyond the Mississippi, alleging that he heard nothing among the Indians\\nbut news of war, and as he intended to take no part in it he wished to be out of\\ndanger.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "286 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nto other tribes. The Great Spirit ordered us to come here, and here\\nwe will stay.\\nTecumseh told the interpreter that he would come to Yinceimes\\nand visit Gen. Harrison, and bring with him about thirty of the\\nprincipal men. Accordingly, on the 12th of August, 1810, Tecum-\\nseh arrived at Yincennes, where a council was held, at which mu-\\ntual explanations were made in the presence of a large concourse\\nof Indians, militia and the citizens of the town. Tecumseh, in his\\nspeech, took the grounds of a common ownership by all the Indians\\nof all the lands, and of the inability of one tribe to dispose of any\\npart of it without the consent of all the others. He grew very vio-\\nlent as the interpreter was rendering Gen. Harrison s reply. The\\nIndians sprang to their feet, seizing their tomahawks and war clubs,\\nbending their eyes fiercely upon the governor. The militia were\\nquickly marched up to the scene of the difficulty, and order was re-\\nstored. The next morning Tecumseh, greatly mortified at his dis-\\nplay of anger and bad manners, met the governor with an apology.\\nThe latter assured him that he would submit his propositions to the\\npresident, adding, at the same time, that there was little probability\\nof their being acceded to. Well, said Tecumseh, as the great\\nchief is to determine the matter, I hope the Great Spirit will put\\nsense enough into his head to induce him to direct you to give up\\nthis land. It is true he is so far off that he will not be injured by\\nthe war. He may still sit in his town and drink his wine whilst you\\nand I will have to fight it out. And fight it out they did, as we\\nwill now proceed to show.\\nEvents transpiring subsequent to the conference at Yincennes\\nclearly demonstrated that there was no other alternative either the\\nProphet s town had to be destroyed, and the purposes of Tecumseh\\nthwarted, or else the advancing line of white population would be\\ndriven back from whence it came.\\nThe boldness and insolence of the assemblage at the Prophet s\\ntown increased daily hostile parties were continually leaving that\\nplace for the white settlements, where they killed the inhabitants\\nand stole their horses. Finally, Gov. Harrison received orders to\\nproceed to the Prophet s town with a military force, which he was\\nonly to use after all efforts to effect a peaceable dispersion of its\\noccupants had failed. The governor left Yincennes on the 26th of\\nSeptember, 1811, with a force of nine hundred effective men, com-\\nposed of the 1th Reg. U. S. regulars, with a body of militia, and a\\nMemoirs of Gen. Harrison, p. 159.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "TIPPECANOE CAMPAIGN. 287\\nhundred and thirty volunteer dragoons. The regulars had been\\norganized for some time, and were well drilled and ably officered.\\nJames Miller, who subsequently immortalized himself at Lundy s\\nLane by replying, when asked if he could take the English battery\\non the hill, I will try, sir, and in the heroism and success with\\nwhich, he made the effort, being the lieutenant-colonel. The mili-\\ntia, who were all volunteers, had been well trained by the governor\\nin person in all those peculiar evolutions practiced by Gen. Wayne s\\narmy, and which had been found so efficient in operating against the\\nIndians in a covered country. On the 3d of October the army,\\nmoving up on the east side of the Wabash, reached a place on the\\nbank of the stream some two miles above the old Wea village of\\nWe-au-ta-no, The Risen Sun, 1 called by many the -Old Orchard\\nTown, and time out of mind, by the early French traders, Terre\\nHaute. Here the governor halted, according to his instructions,\\nwithin the boundary of the country already ceded by the Indians,\\nand occupied his time in erecting a fort, while waiting the return of\\nmessengers whom he had dispatched to the Prophet s town, demand-\\ning the surrender of murderers, and the return of stolen horses\\nsheltered there, and requiring that the Shawnees, Winnebagoes,\\nPottawatomies and Kickapoos collected there should disperse and\\nreturn to their own tribes. The messengers were treated with great\\ninsolence by the Prophet and his council, who, to put an end to all\\nhopes of peace, sent out a small war party to precipitate hostilities.\\nThis war party, finding no stragglers about the governor s encamp-\\nment, shot at and wounded one of his sentinels. The Delaware\\nchiefs who went with the messengers to the Prophet s town advised\\nthe governor, on their return, that it would be in vain to expect that\\nanything short of force would obtain satisfaction for past injuries or\\nsecurity for the future. They also informed him that the strength\\nof the Prophet was daily increasing by accessions of ardent and\\ngiddy young men from every tribe, and particularly from those along\\nand beyond the Illinois River.\\nThe new fort was finished on the 28th of October, and by the\\nunanimous request of all the officers it was christened Fort Har-\\nrisony*\\n*This intrepid officer was so extremely ill of the fever when the regiment marched\\nthat he could scarcely walk. He did go, however, as far as Ft. Harrison, and on the\\ncompletion of this work he could go no farther, and the fort, with a garrison con-\\nsisting of invalids like himself, was assigned to his command.\\nf The illustration is copied from a lithograph in possession of M M. Redford, Dan-\\nville, Illinois. It is one of a number of impressions printed by Modesit Hager in\\n1848. It was drawn from descriptions given by old settlers who were well acquainted", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "288 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nOn the 29th of October Gov. Harrison moved up the Wabash,\\ncrossing Raccoon Creek at Armysburg, and ferrying his army over\\nthe Wabash at the mouth of the former stream on boats sent up the\\nriver for that purpose. The army encamped on the 2d of November\\nsome two miles below the mouth of the Big Vermilion, and about a\\nmile below the encampment a block-house, partly jutting over the\\nriver, twenty-five feet square, was erected on the edge of a small\\nprairie sloping down to the water s edge. The block-house was gar-\\nFORT HARRISON IN 1812.\\nrisoned with a sergeant and eight men, in whose charge were left the\\nboats which up to this time had been used for the transportation of\\nsupplies.* On the 3d the army left the block-house, crossed the Ver-\\nmilion and entered the prairies, the route passing just east of State\\nwith the fort and surroundings before its demolition, and was pronounced a faithful\\nand good representation.\\nSamuel R. Brown, in his Western Gazetteer, p. 69, gives an account he received\\nfrom the French traders at Fort Harrison, in 1816, of the traditional great battles fought\\nbetween the Indians, many years ago, on the ground at Fort Harrison. On account of\\nthe rarity of the volume in which it is found, the veracity of its author, the time when\\nand persons from whom he received it, and the interest attaching to the tradition, we\\ninsert it here\\nThe French have a tradition that an exterminating battle was fought in the begin-\\nning of the last century, on the ground where Fort Harrison now stands, between the\\nIndians living on the Mississippi and those of the Wabash. The bone of contention\\nwas the lands lying between those rivers, which both parties claimed. There were\\nabout a thousand warriors on each side. The condition of the fight was that the vic-\\ntors should possess the lands in dispute. The grandeur of the prize was peculiarly\\ncalculated to inflame the ardor of savage minds. The contest commenced about sun-\\nrise. Both parties fought desperately. The Wabash warriors came off conquerors,\\nhaving seven men left alive at sunset, and their adversaries but ./we. The mounds are\\nstill to be seen where it is said the slain were buried.\\nMemoirs of General Harrison: Dillon s Indiana, p. 463.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "Harrison s march. 289\\nLine city; from thence to Crow s Grove, where the army went into\\ncamp for the night.\\nIt was from this point that Capt. Prince was sent forward to find\\na crossing place at Pine Creek. In passing through this prairie\\ncountry, the army was frequently made to practice all those forma-\\ntions which it was probable they would have to assume in action.\\nOn the -tth of November the army approached the very difficult\\npass of Pine Creek. This stream presents a curious spectacle in\\nthat country. For many miles before it discharges itself into the\\nWabash its course is through an immense mass of rock, the sides\\nof which in some places are perpendicular. Few places can be\\nfound where the stream may be crossed with facility. The Indian\\npath, upon which the army was then marching, led to a defile ex-\\ntremely difficult of passage, and would have afforded the enemy an\\nopportunity to make an attack very unfavorable to the troops. f In\\nthe course of the night of the 4th of November, Gov. Harrison sent\\nCapt. Prince with a small force;}; to discover a passage higher up the\\nstream. This officer returned at ten o clock the following morning,\\nwith a report that a few miles higher up he had found a good cross-\\ning place, since known as the army ford where the prairies on\\neach side skirted the creek. On the evening of the 5th the army\\nencamped within nine or ten miles of the Prophet s town. The 6th\\nwas consumed by the governor in working his army over difficult\\nground toward the Indian town, and in edeavoring to speak with\\nthe Indians who, in great numbers, now swarmed about his front\\nand flanks, declining to communicate with his interpreters, and\\ncontinued to insult our people by their gestures. Every invi-\\ntation to a parley by the interpreters, who were some distance in\\nfront for that purpose, was answered by menace and insult. It\\nwas evident that the Indians intended to fight, and the troops, in\\nhigh spirits, wanted to be led to the attack immediately. This the\\ngovernor would not permit until every effort for a peaceable solu-\\ntion of the difficulties were exhausted. The army being within a\\nshort distance of the town, the governor was determined not to\\njeopardize his men by advancing nearer that evening, nor until he\\nTipton s Journal. The track of Harrison s army remained for many years. The\\narmy encamped in the grove upon its return.\\nt The governor knew that it had been selected for an ambuscade by the Indians,\\nonce, in the year 1786, when Gen. George R. Clarke commanded an expedition against\\nthe Indians of the Wabash, which failed from a mutiny of the troops eight miles\\nabove Vincennes, and a second time, in 1790, when Col. Hamtramck marched up the\\nWabash to make a diversion in favor of Gen. Harmar. The governor, with a knowl-\\nedge of this fact, had no notion of leading his army into this defile.\\nX Tipton s scouts. Vide his Narrative Journal.\\n19", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "290 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nknew precisely the situation of the village and the character of\\nthe intervening ground. Maj. Davis, who, with the other officers,\\ndesired, like the men, immediate action, replied that from the\\nright of the position of the dragoons, in front, the openings made\\nby low grounds of the Wabash could be seen that in company\\nwith his adjutant, D. Floyd, he had advanced to the bank, which\\ndescends to the low grounds, and had a fair view of the cultivated\\nlields and the houses of the town, to which the open woods where\\nthe army then was, continued without interruption. The governor\\nsaid he would advance if he could get a suitable person to proceed\\nto the town with a flag. Capt. T. Dubois, of Vincennes, offered\\nhis services, and proceeded, with an interpreter, to the Prophet,\\ndesiring to know whether he would now comply with .the terms that\\nhad been so often proposed to him. The army, in order of battle,\\nmoved slowly toward the town. Directly a message came from\\n^apt. Dubois, with word that the Indians, who were near him in\\nconsiderable numbers, would return no answer to the interpreter,\\nalthough sufficiently near to hear what was said to them, and that,\\nupon his advancing, the Indians endeavored to cut him off from the\\narmy. The governor could no longer hesitate in treating the In-\\ndians as enemies. He recalled Capt. Dubois, and moved up with a\\ndetermination to attack them. He had not proceeded far before he\\nwas met by three Indians, one of them a principal counsellor of the\\nProphet, who said they were sent to know why the army was ad-\\nvancing that the Prophet wished to avoid hostilities that pacific\\nmessages had been returned to the governor by his messengers, the\\nMiami and Pottawatomie chiefs, who, unfortunately, had proceeded\\nback on the south side of the Wabash, thus missing the governor,\\nwho was marching up on the other. Hostilities were suspended\\naccordingly, and a meeting was agreed upon to take place the next\\nday, for the purpose of fixing upon terms of peace. The governor\\ntold the deputation that he would go on to the Wabash and encamp\\nfor the night.\\nMarching a short distance farther, he came in view of the town,\\nwhich was seen at some distance up the river, upon a commanding\\neminence. Maj. Davis had mistaken some scattering houses in the\\nfields below for the town itself. The ground below the town being\\nunfavorable for an encampment, the army continued its march in\\nthe direction of the town, for the purpose of obtaining a better sit-\\nuation beyond. The dragoons becoming entangled in a piece of\\nground covered with brush and the tops of fallen trees, a halt was\\nordered, and the position of the cavalry changed to some open fields", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "TIPPECANOE BATTLE-GROUND.\\n291\\nadjacent to the river. The Indians, seeing this nianceuver as the\\narmy approached the town, supposed they intended to attack it, and\\nimmediately prepared for its defense. The governor rode forward\\nand requested some of the Indians to come to him, assuring them\\nthat nothing was farther from his thoughts than of attacking them\\nthat the ground below the town was not fit for an encampment and\\nthat his movements were for no other purpose than to search for a\\nbetter one above. He then asked if there was any other water con-\\nvenient besides that in the Wabash, and an Indian with whom the\\ngovernor was well acquainted referred him to the creek which the\\narmy had crossed two miles back, and that ran through the prairie to\\nthe north of the village. A halt was ordered, and three officers sent\\nout, who, returning in half an hour, reported that they had found on\\nthe creek, since called Burnett s Creek, an elevated spot nearly sur-\\nrounded by an open prairie and supplied with water and fuel. To\\nthis place (since famous as the Tippecanoe battle-ground, about eight", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "292 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nmiles north of La Fayette, Indiana, on the northwest side of the\\nWabash) the army repaired, and went into camp for the night.*\\nThe illustration will assist the reader, while perusing an account\\nof the engagement contained in the following extracts taken from\\nGov. Harrison s official report.\\nI then took leave of the chief, and a mutual promise was again\\nmade for a suspension of hostilities until we could have an interview\\non the following day. I found the ground destined for the encamp-\\nment not altogether such as I could wish it. It was, indeed, admira-\\nbly calculated for the encampment of regular troops that were\\nopposed to regulars, but it afforded great facility for the approach of\\nsavages. It was a piece of dry oak land, rising about ten feet above\\nthe level of a marshy prairie in front (toward the Indian town), and\\nnearly twice that height above a similar prairie in the rear, through\\nwhich, and near to this bank, ran a small stream clothed with willows\\nand brushwood. Toward the left flank this bench of high land\\nwidened considerably, but became gradually harrow in the opposite\\ndirection, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards from the\\nright flank terminated in an abrupt point. The two columns of\\ninfantry occupied the front and rear of this ground, at the distance\\nof about one hundred and fifty yards from each other, on the left,\\nand something more than half that distance on the right flank.\\nThese flanks were filled up, the first by two companies of mounted\\nriflemen, amounting to one hundred and twenty men, under the\\ncommand of Maj.-Gen. Wells, of the Kentucky militia, who served\\nas major, the other by Spencer s company of mounted riflemen,\\nwhich amounted to eighty men. The front line was composed of one\\nbattalion of United States infantry, under the command of Major\\nFloyd, flanked on the right by two companies of militia, and on the\\nleft by one company. The rear line was composed of a battalion of\\nUnited States troops under command of Capt. Bean, acting as major,\\nand four companies of militia infantry under Lieut. -Col. Decker. The\\nregular troops of this line joined the mounted riflemen under Gen.\\nWells on the left flank, and Col. Decker s battalion formed an angle\\nwith Spencer s company on the left.\\nTwo troops of dragoons, amounting to, in the aggregate, about\\nsixty men, were encamped in the rear of the left flank, and Capt.\\nParke s troop, which was larger than the other two, in the rear of\\nthe front line. Our order of encampment varied little from that\\n*The illustration of the battle-ground was drawn by the historical writer, B. J.\\nLossing, who visited the locality in 1860, and appears in his Field Book of the War of\\n1812; and the positions of the several corps are located on the plan in conformity with\\nthe official account of the battle.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE. 293\\nabove described, excepting when some peculiarity of the ground\\nmade it necessary. For a night attack the order of encampment was\\nthe order of battle, and each man slept immediately opposite to his\\npost in the line. In the formation of my troops I used a single rank,\\nor what is called Indian hie, because in Indian warfare, where there\\nis no shock to resist, one rank is nearly as good as two, and in that\\nkind of warfare the extension of line is of the first importance. Raw\\ntroops also manoeuver with much more facility in single than in double\\nranks. It was my constant custom to assemble all the field officers at\\nmy tent every evening by signal, to give them the watchword and\\nthe instructions for the night; those given for the night of the 6th\\nwere that each troop which formed a part of the exterior line of the\\nencampment should hold its own ground until relieved. The dragoons\\nwere ordered to parade, in case of a night attack, with their pistols in\\ntheir belts, and to act as a corps of reserve. The camp was defended\\nby two captains 1 guards, consisting each of four non-commissioned\\nofficers and forty-two privates, and two subalterns guards of twenty\\nnon-commissioned officers and privates, the whole under the com-\\nmand of a field officer of the day. The troops were regularly called\\nup an hour before day, and made to continue under arms until it was\\nquite light.\\nOn the morning of the Tth I had risen at a quarter after four\\no clock, and the signal for calling out the men would have been\\ngiven in two minutes when the attack commenced. It began on our\\nleft flank but a signal gun was fired by the sentinels, or by the\\nguard, in that direction, which made not the least resistance, but\\nabandoned their officer and fled into camp, and the first notice which\\nthe troops of that flank had of the danger was from the yells of the\\nsavages within a short distance of the line; but even under those\\ncircumstances the men were not wanting to themselves or the occa-\\nsion. Such of them as were awake, or were easily awakened, seized\\ntheir arms and took their stations others, which were more tardy,\\nhad to contend with the enemy in the doors of their tents. The\\nstorm first fell upon Capt. Barton s company of the -tth IT. S. Reg.,\\nand Capt. Geiger s company of mounted riflemen, which formed the\\nleft angle of the rear line. The fire upon these was exceedingly\\nsevere, and they suffered considerably before relief could be brought\\nto them. Some few Indians passed into the encampment near the\\nangle, and one or two penetrated to some distance before they were\\nkilled. I believe all the other companies were under arms and tol-\\nerably formed before they were fired on. The morning was dark\\nand cloudy our fires afforded a partial light, which, if it gave us", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "294 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nsome opportunity for taking our positions, was still more advanta-\\ngeous to the enemy, affording them the means of taking a surer aim\\nthey were, therefore, extinguished. Under all these discouraging\\ncircumstances, the troops (nineteen- twentieths of whom never had\\nbeen in action before behaved in a manner that can never be too\\nmuch applauded. They took their place without noise, and less\\nconfusion than could have been expected from veterans placed in\\nthe same situation. As soon as I could mount my horse I rode to\\nthe angle that was attacked. I found that Barton s company had\\nsuffered severely, and the left of Geiger s entirely broken. I imme-\\ndiately ordered Cook s company, and the late Capt. Wentworth s,\\nunder Lieut. Peters, to be brought up from the center of the rear\\nline, where the ground was much more defensible, and formed across\\nthe angle in support of Barton s and Geiger s. My attention was\\nthen engaged by a heavy firing upon the left of the front line, where\\nwere stationed the small company of United States riflemen (then,\\nhowever, armed with muskets), and the companies of Bean, Snell-\\ning and Prescott, of the 4th Reg. I found Major Daviess forming\\nthe dragoons in the rear of those companies, and understanding that\\nthe heaviest part of the enemy s fire proceeded from some trees\\nabout fifteen or twenty paces in front of those companies, I directed\\nthe major to dislodge them with a part of the dragoons. Unfortu-\\nnately, the major s gallantry determined him to execute the order\\nwith a smaller force than was sufficient, which enabled the enemy\\nto avoid him in front and attack his flanks. The major was mortally\\nwounded, and his party driven back. The Indians were, however,\\nimmediately and gallantly dislodged from their advantageous posi-\\ntion by Capt. Snelling at the head of his company.\\nIn the course of a few minutes after the commencement of the\\nattack the Are extended along the left flank, the whole of the front,\\nthe right flank and part of the rear line. Upon Spencer s mounted\\nriflemen and the right of Warwick s company, which was posted on\\nthe right of the rear line, it was excessively severe. Capt. Spencer\\nand his first and second lieutenants were killed, and Capt. Warwick\\nwas mortally wounded. Those companies, however, still bravely\\nmaintained their posts, but Spencer had suffered so severely, and\\nhaving originally too much ground to occupy, I reinforced them with\\nRobb s company of riflemen, which had been driven, or by mistake\\nordered, from their positions on the left flank toward the center of\\nthe camp, and filled the vacancy that had been occupied by Robb\\nwith Prescott s company of the 4th United States regiment. My\\ngreat object was to keep the lines entire, to prevent the enemy from", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE. 295\\nbreaking into the camp, until daylight, which should enable me to\\nmake a general and effectual charge. With this in view, I had rein-\\nforced every part of the line that had suffered much, and as soon as\\nthe approach of morning discovered itself I withdrew from the front\\nline Snelling s, Porey s (under Lieut. Albright) and Scott s, and from\\nthe rear line Wilson s, companies, and drew them up upon the left\\nflank and at the same time I ordered Cook s and Bean s companies,\\nthe former from the rear, and the latter from the front, line, to\\nreinforce the right flank, foreseeing that at these points the enemy\\nwould make their last efforts. Major Wells, who commanded on the\\nleft flank, not knowing my intentions precisely, had taken command\\nof these companies, and had charged the enemy before I had formed\\nthe body of dragoons with which I meant to support the infantry. A\\nsmall detachment of these were, however, ready, and proved amply\\nsufficient for the purpose. The Indians were driven by the infantry\\nat the point of the bayonet, and the dragoons pursued and forced\\nthem into a marsh, where they could not be followed. Capt. Cook\\nand Lieut. Larabee had, agreeable to my order, marched their com-\\npanies to the right flank, and fprmed them under the fire of the ene-\\nmy, and, being then joined by the riflemen of that flank, had charged\\nthe Indians, killed a number and put the rest to precipitate flight. A\\nfavorable opportunity was here offered to pursue the enemy with\\ndragoons, but being engaged at that time on the other flank, I did\\nnot observe it till it was too late.\\nI have thus, sir, given you the particulars of an action which\\nwas certainly maintained with the greatest obstinacy and persever-\\nance by both parties. The Indians manifested a ferocity uncommon\\neven with them. To their savage fury our troops opposed that cool\\nand deliberate valor which is characteristic of the christian sol-\\ndier.\\nWe note a few of the incidents connected with the campaign.\\nThe night was dark in consequence of clouds, which occasionally\\ndischarged a drizzling rain, affording the Indians a chance to creep\\nup so near the sentries as to hear them challenged when relieved.\\nThe} 7 intended to rush upon the sentinels and kill them before they\\ncould fire but one of the sentinels discovering an Indian creeping\\ntoward him in the grass, fired his gun, the report of which was in-\\nstantly followed by an Indian yell, and a desperate charge upon the\\nleft flank. The Indians advanced to the wild music of their rattles,\\nmade of deers hoofs, the shrill noise of their gun chargers, blowing\\nGeneral Harrison s Official Report: American State Papers, vol. 5, pp. 777, 778.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "296 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthem as whistles, and furious savage yells, that arose in the darkness\\nabove the peals of the musketry. They fought like the very demons\\nthey were, inspired by the incantations of the Prophet, who, secure\\nfrom flying bullets, occupied an adjacent eminence and sang kt the\\nwar song. He had told his followers that the American bullets\\nwould prove harmless. Soon after the beginning of the battle word\\nwas sent him that his men were falling. He encouraged them to\\ntight on, saying it would soon be as he predicted, and then sang the\\nlouder. The Indians rushed up to the bayonets of our men, and in\\none instance, related by (Japt. Snelling, an Indian adroitly pushed\\nthe bayonet of a soldier aside, and clave his head with a war club.\\nThe Winnebago warriors distinguished themselves by their bravery.\\nThe governor exposed himself constantly, and was present at every\\npoint on the lines as they were severally pressed by the enemy. His\\nclothing, hat, and even his hair, were cut by the enemy s balls.*\\nThe 7th was spent in burying the dead on the field where they\\nfell, caring for the wounded, and fortifying the camp. On the 8th\\nof November the village was reconnoitred, and gave evidence of\\nhaving been abandoned in great haste. The household utensils\\nwere all left, and some guns, still in the covers in which they had\\nbeen imported, and a quantity of prime double-glazed English rifle\\npowder. Hogs and poultry were found, running through the village,\\na large quantity of corn and a vast number of kettles. Gen. John\\nTipton, who took a prominent part in this campaign, says in his\\ndaily journal that the Americans destroyed two thousand bushels of\\ncorn, besides six wagon loads which they hauled away from the vil-\\nlage, r Everything useful to the army was removed, and then the\\n*0f the little more than eight hundred Americans in the action, the killed and\\nwounded numbered one hundred and eighty-eight. An unusual per cent of the\\nwounded died or lost their limbs on account, as the surgeons said, of the Indians\\nhaving chewed their balls, causing them to tear the flesh severely, and make a more\\nragged wound than a smooth ball would do. The Indians were estimated by some at\\nsix hundred; the traders, whose opportunities for knowing were good, said there were\\nat least eight hundred. The previous summer there were four hundred and fifty war-\\nriors at the Prophet s town, and these were joined a few days before the battle by all\\nthe Kickapoos of the prairie, and by many other bands from the Pottawatomie villages\\non the Illinois, and the St. Josephs of Lake Michigan. It being in the dark, the Indians\\nwere enabled to carry many of their dead and wounded away without their being\\nobserved; still thirty-eight of their warriors were found upon the field. Of the Kick-\\napoos braves in the battle belonging to Pa-hoi- shee-can, or LaFarine s band alone,\\nfourteen of the severely hurt, who got away from the Wabash, afterward died of their\\nwounds, and were buried near their village, four miles west of Danville, where their\\ngraves, still to be seen, were pointed out to the early salt boilers in 1819, by the sur-\\nvivors who were cognizant of the facts.\\nfTipton s Journal of the Indian Campaign of 1811 contains many interesting\\nitems. It was first published by the enterprising proprietor of the Indianapolis\\nNews, in the issue of the 5th of May, 1879. It covers the late Gen. Tipton s daily\\nmovements from the time his company left Corydon on the 12th of September, 1811,\\nto his return home on the 24th of November, a period of seventy-four days. Much of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "RETURN MARCH. 297\\nvillage and everything in it was committed to the flames. The vil-\\nlage is on the west side of the Wabash, miles above\\nVincennes, on the second bank, about two hundred yards from the\\nriver, and neat built. This is the main town but it is scattering,\\na mile long, all the way a tine corn field. On the 9th the troops\\nwere put in motion, returning by the same route they had come.\\nThe wounded were placed in wagons drawn by oxen, of which there\\nwas scarcely a sufficient number for this humane purpose. All camp\\nequipage and baggage, owing to the insufficiency of transportation,\\nwas destroyed, the governor setting the example by knocking his\\nown to pieces and throwing it into the fire. The whole army cheer-\\nfully followed his example, and the camp was quickly strewed with\\ndebris of furniture, mess boxes, plates, dishes and bottles. With\\nall this, it was difficult to make the wagons contain those who could\\nneither walk nor ride. The wounded were dying every day. Early\\nin the action two or three of the army fled, reaching the block-house\\nbelow the Vermilion, and spread exaggerated news of the battle and\\nthe defeat of Harrison. And as the troops were returning, they\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2were frequently met on their way by persons coming to learn the\\nfate of their children or friends. The army was reduced to the\\nscantiest of rations, part of the time living upon parched corn and\\non the 13th of November they reached the block-house, as appears\\nfrom Tipton s Journal, just as a timely boat was arriving with much\\nneeded provisions. The next day as many of the sick and wounded\\nas the boat would hold were placed aboard and sent down the river.\\nThe main army reached Fort Harrison on the 14th of November,\\nand Vincennes four days later, where they were met with great re-\\njoicing by the inhabitants.\\nIn its results, the engagement at Tippecanoe ranks as one of the\\nmost important ever fought against the Indians in the west. It may\\nbe said to have been the opening battle of the war of 1812, although\\nthe formal declaration of hostilities was deferred until the following\\nJune. However many and grave were the irritating causes in the\\nAtlantic states which had threatened the peace of the two countries,\\nhad they not existed, still, the continued aggressions of the Indians,\\noperated upon as they were by traders within our borders and other\\nsubjects of Great Britain in Canada, would have provoked collision, t\\nhis time was occupied in advance of the array, either in picking out crossing places of\\nstreams or other difficult portions, and in scouting.\\nSamuel R. Brown s History of the Second War of the Independence: Auburn, 1815,\\nvol. 1, p. 227.\\nfThe causes culminating in the action at Tippecanoe, the movements of the Amer-\\nican forces before and after the engagement, and the incidents connected with the\\ncampaign, are taken from Dawson s Life of Harrison, McAfee s History of the Late", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "298 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nWhile the Indian difficulties described in this chapter were\\ntranspiring, matters between the United States and Great Britain\\nwere fast assuming a warlike hue. An embargo was laid upon all\\nour shipping, to protect it against the unwarrantable interference of\\nEnglish cruisers. Our commerce upon the high seas was almost\\nentirely destroyed by the policy of Great Britain and France, then\\nengaged in the mighty struggle for empire upon the continent of\\nEurope. The depleted navy of England was recruited by seizure\\nof Americans aboard of American vessels and empressing them into\\nher service. War was declared on the 19th of June, 1812.\\nSince the battle of Tippecanoe the frontiers, wrote Gen. Har-\\nrison, never enjoyed more perfect repose. Still the Indians were\\npowerful, thoroughly organized, and fully supplied with guns and\\nammunition from Canada,] and were eagerly looking at the toma-\\nhawk long uplifted in the hand of their English father, and only\\nwaiting the time when it should fall upon the head of the Ameri-\\ncans, to begin an active and determined war of extermination upon\\nall of the western settlements. Notwithstanding these facts were\\nso apparent, and the importance of providing a naval force upon\\nLake Erie and an army for the protection of the northwest had been\\nurged upon the secretary of war and others, still the war department\\nrefused to do anything commensurate with the magnitude of the\\ndanger. William Hull, governor of the Michigan territory, was\\nappointed to the command of the westward frontiers and, although\\nhe advised the department that it was idle to attempt to hold the\\nterritory with less than three thousand well-equipped soldiers, little\\nattention was paid to his demands. However, through the activ-\\nity of the governors of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, a small army\\nof militia volunteers, with the 4th United States regiment of regu-\\nlars (Miller s regiment of Tippecanoe fame) as a nucleus, was tardily\\nrecruited. Owing to the wide extent of thinly-settled country from\\nwhich the forces were drawn, the difficulty of obtaining munitions\\nand provisions and moving them over districts unprovided with\\nroads to points of concentration, but very slow progress was made.\\nBefore Hull could reach Detroit the enemy, who had received in-\\ntelligence of the declaration of war before Hull was notified of the\\nfact, had already begun the war by the capture of a schooner, along\\nwith a quantity of baggage and some thirty officers and privates\\naboard of her, while on its way from Miami Rapids to Detroit.\\nOvercoming all delays, Gen. Hull reached Spring Wells, three\\nWar in the Western Country, and Tipton s Journal, all regarded as sources of original\\nand authentic information.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "LOSS OF TERRITORY. 299\\nmiles below Detroit, only to be confronted with a naval and mil-\\nitary force of the enemy in a more forward state of concentration\\nupon the Canadian side of the river. The commanding general,\\non the 12th of the month, moved his forces across the river, issued\\na florid proclamation to the inhabitants of Canada, whose soil he\\nhad invaded, and in the course of a few days retreated back to his\\nold quarters. On the 16th of the same month, without striking a\\nblow, Gen. Hull surrendered Detroit and his whole force to Sir\\nIsaac Brock, governor-general of Canada. This most unexpected\\ncalamity was followed by intelligence, received on the 28th of July,\\nthat the port of Mackinaw had been captured by the British. Fast\\nupon this startling news came the surrender of Fort Dearborn to\\nthe Indians by Capt. ITeald, on the 15th of August, and the mas-\\nsacre or capture of the inhabitants and soldiers. Thus, in less than\\nsixty days after the declaration of hostilities, the whole northwest,\\nfrom the Detroit to the Mississippi River, was in the hands of the\\nBritish or their Indian allies under the lead of English traders.\\nFort Wayne and Fort Harrison were the only points at which the\\nUnited States presented resistance.\\nThe plans of Tecumseh succeeding more happily than he could\\nhave expected, it was determined to lay siege to Forts Wayne and\\nHarrison simultaneously, as the only remaining obstacles in the\\nway of driving the white inhabitants over the Ohio River. Fort\\nWayne was accordingly besieged, and closely invested by the sav-\\nages until it was relieved by Gen. Harrison, who had been appointed\\nto the chief command of the northwest immediately after the sur-\\nrender of Hull.\\nWe will now let Capt. Taylor tell how nearly the Indians suc-\\nceeded in gaining possession of Fort Harrison, only noting the fact\\nthat his official report, written immediately after the assault, before\\nopportunity was given him to acquire more accurate information,\\nerroneously names the Miamis as a part of the attacking force.\\nM Affee, as well as others, writing at a later date, correctly state\\nthat the enemy were Kickapoos and Winnebagoes only.\\nFort Harrison, September 10.\\nDear Sir, On Thursday evening, the 3d instant, after retreat\\nbeating, four guns were heard to fire in the direction where two\\nyoung men (citizens who resided here) were making hay, about four\\nhundred yards distant from the fort. I was immediately impressed\\nwith the idea that they had been killed by the Indians, as the Pro-\\nphet s party would soon be here for the purpose of commencing", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "300 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nhostilities, and that they had been directed to leave this place, as we\\nwere about to do. I did not think it prudent to send out at that late\\nhour of the night to see what had become of them, and their nut\\ncoming in convinced me that I was right in my conjecture. I waited\\ntill eight o clock next morning, when I sent out a corporal with a\\nsmall party to find them, if it could be done without running too\\nmuch risk of being drawn into an ambuscade. He soon sent back\\nto inform me that he had found them both killed, and wished to\\nknow my further orders. I sent the cart and oxen and had them\\nbrought in and buried. They had been shot with two balls, scalped\\nand cut in the most shocking manner. Late in the evening of the\\n4th instant old Joseph Lenar and about thirty or forty Indians\\narrived from the Prophet s town with a white flag, among whom\\nwere about ten women, and the men were composed of the chiefs of\\nthe different tribes that compose the Prophet s party. A Shawnee\\nman, that could speak good English, informed me that old Lenar\\nintended to speak to me next morning, and try to get something to\\neat.\\nAt retreat beating I examined the men s arms and found them\\nall in good order, and completed their cartridges to fifteen rounds\\nper man. As I had not been able to mount a guard of more than six\\nprivates and two non-commissioned officers for some time past, and\\nsometimes part of them every other day, from the unheal thiness of\\nthe company, I had not conceived my force adequate to the defense\\nof this post, should it be vigorously attacked, for some time past,\\nAs I had just recovered from a very severe attack of the fever,\\nI was not able to be up much through the night. After tattoo, I\\ncautioned the guard to be vigilant, and ordered one of the non-com-\\nmissioned officers, as the sentinels could not see every part of the\\ngarrison, to walk around on the inside during the whole night, to\\nprevent the Indians taking any advantage of us, provided they had\\nany intention of attacking us. About 11 o clock I was awakened by\\nthe firing of one of the sentinels. I sprang up, ran out and ordered\\nthe men to their posts, when my orderly-sergeant, who had charge of\\nthe upper block-house, called out that the Indians had fired the\\nlower block-house (which contained the property of the contractor,\\nwhich was deposited in the lower part, the upper having been\\nassigned to a corporal and ten privates as an alarm post). The guns\\nhad begun to fire pretty smartly from both sides. I directed the\\nbuckets to be got ready and water brought from the well and the fire\\nextinguished immediately, as it was perceivable at that time but\\nfrom debility or some other cause the men were very slow in execut-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "ATTACK ON FORT HARRISON. 301\\ning my orders, the word fire appeared to throw the whole of them\\ninto confusion, and by the time they had got the water and broken\\nopen the door, the fire had unfortunately communicated to a quantity\\nof whisky (the stock having licked several holes through the lower\\npart of the building, after the salt that was stored there, through\\nwhich the fire had been introduced without being discovered, as the\\nnight was very dark), and in spite of every exertion we could make\\nuse of in less than a moment it ascended to the roof and baffled\\nevery effort we could make to extinguish it. As the block-house\\nadjoined the barracks that made part of the fortifications, most of the\\nmen immediately gave themselves up for lost, and I had the greatest\\ndifficulty 7 in .getting my orders executed. And, sir, what from the\\nraging of the fire, the yelling and howling of several hundred Indi-\\nans, the cries of nine women and children (a part, soldiers and a\\npart citizens wives, who had taken shelter in the fort), and the\\ndespondency of so many of the men, which was worse than all, I\\ncan assure you that my feelings were unpleasant, and, indeed, there\\nwere not more than ten or fifteen men able to do a great deal, the\\nothers being sick or convalescent and to add to our other misfor-\\ntunes, two of the strongest men in the fort, and that I had every\\nconfidence in, jumped the picket and left us. I saw by throwing off\\na part of the roof that joined the block-house that was on fire, and\\nkeeping the end perfectly wet, the whole row of buildings might be\\nsaved, and leave only an opening of eighteen or twenty feet for the\\nentrance of the Indians after the house was consumed, and that a\\ntemporary breastwork might be executed to prevent their even enter-\\ning there. I convinced the men that this might be accomplished,\\nand it appeared to inspire them with new life, and never did men\\nact with more firmness and desperation. Those that were able\\n(while the others kept up a constant fire from the other block-house\\nand the two bastions mounted the roofs of the houses, with Dr.\\nClark at their head, who acted with the greatest firmness and pres-\\nence of mind the whole time the attack lasted, which was seven\\nhours, under a shower of bullets, and in less than a moment threw\\noff as much of the roof as was necessary. This was done only with\\na loss of one man and two wounded, and I am in hopes neither of\\nthem dangerously. The man that was killed was a little deranged,\\nand did not get off the house as soon as directed, or he would not\\nhave been hurt and although the barracks were several times in a\\nblaze, and an immense quantity of fire against them, the men used\\nsuch exertions that they kept it under, and before day raised a tem-\\nporary breastwork as high as a man s head, although the Indians", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "802 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\ncontinued to pour in a heavy fire of ball and innumerable quantity\\nof arrows during the whole time the attack lasted, in every part of\\nthe parade. I had but one other man killed, nor any other wounded\\ninside the fort, and he lost his life by being too anxious. He got into\\none of the galleys in the bastion and fired over the pickets, and called\\nout to his comrades that he had killed an Indian, and, neglecting to\\nstoop down, in an instant he was shot dead. One of the men that\\njumped the pickets returned an hour before day, and, running up\\ntoward the gate, begged for God s sake for it to be opened. I sus-\\npected it to be a stratagem of the Indians to get in, as I did not\\nrecollect the voice. I directed the men in the bastion, where I hap-\\npened to be, to shoot him, let him be who he would, and one of\\nthem fired at him, but fortunately he ran up to the other bastion,\\nwhere they knew his voice, and Dr. Clark directed him to lie down\\nclose to the pickets, behind an empty barrel that happened to be\\nthere, and at daylight I had him let in. His arm was broken in a\\nmost shocking manner, which he says was done by the Indians,\\nwhich, I suppose, was the cause of his returning. I think it probable\\nthat he will not recover. The other they caught about one hundred\\nand thirty yards from the garrison, and cut him all to pieces. After\\nkeeping up a constant fire until about six o clock the next morning,\\nwhich we began to return with some effect after daylight, they re-\\nmoved out of reach of our guns. A party of them drove up the\\nhorses that belonged to the citizens here, and as they could not catch\\nthem very readily, shot the whole of them in our sight, as well as a\\nnumber of their hogs. They drove off the whole of the cattle,\\nwhich amounted to sixty-five head, as well as public oxen. I had\\nthe vacancy filled up before night [which was made by the burning\\nof the block-house] with a strong row of pickets which I got by\\npulling down the guard-house.\\nThe events following the relief of Fort Wayne, and the failure\\nat Fort Harrison, were the formation of a navy upon Lake Erie and\\nthe raising of a large military force by Gen. Harrison, under diffi-\\nculties and such depressing delays as would have discouraged almost\\nany other officers than Harrison and the immortal Perry.\\nOn the 10th day of September, 1813, Perry met the British fleet\\nof vessels at the head of Lake Erie, and captured every one of them\\nin an engagement that shed imperishable fame upon every officer\\nand private of his command. Harrison s army collected upon the\\nGen. Taylor s report, read in connection with the account given by the commander\\non the other side, Old Joseph Lenar, as Taylor calls La Farine, or Pa-koi-shee-can,\\nfound on page 165, will give the reader a very full understanding of the ingenuity\\nand boldness of the attack on Fort Harrison and the heroism of its defense.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "tecumseh s death. 303\\npeninsula formed by Sandusky Bay, with the venerable Gov. Isaac\\nShelby in his gray hairs at the head of his children, the gallant\\nKentucky militia, were transported across the lake to Maiden, which\\nthe fleeing Proctor had burned at their approach. Retreating up\\nthe River Thames, the forces of Proctor and Tecumseh were\\nbrought to an engagement near the Moravian towns, where, on\\nthe 5th of October, they were defeated in an action as brilliant\\nupon the land as was Capt. Barclay s upon the water.\\nThe Indians were posted in a swamp, and were commanded by\\nTecumseh in person, who went down in the thickest of the tight,\\ngallantly encouraging his men. His prediction was verified to the\\nletter he and Harrison had fought it out the confederation\\nhe had molded dropped to pieces. The several tribes hastened to\\nGen. Harrison s headquarters to say they wanted peace. It was\\nthe last great combination of the Indians against the whites and\\nit is a historical coincidence that the confederations of both Pon-\\ntiae and Tecumseh to check the ever westward flow of immigration\\nshould have met their final overthrow in the vicinity of Detroit, and\\non British soil.\\nHappily for the west, that owing largely to the exertions of its own\\npeople, the lost territory was recovered, and when the treaty of\\npeace was concluded in 1815, the old boundary lines remained as\\nbefore, without the loss of a single acre.\\nUpon the restoration of peace, immigration received a new im-\\npulse. Indiana, having sufficiently increased her population, was, on\\nthe 11th of December, 1816, admitted as a state in the Union. Two\\nyears afterward, December 3, 1818, Illinois followed Indiana in the\\nsisterhood of states.\\nThe campaigns of Harmar, Scott, Wilkinson, St. Clair, Wayne\\nand Harrison gave the volunteers a knowledge of the beauty and\\nfertility of the western country, and may well be said to have been\\nso many exploring expeditions. As soon as the Indian titles to the\\nseveral portions of the territory were successively extinguished,\\npopulation poured in, often in advance of the government surveys.\\nThe Ohio and the Mississippi were the base, and the Illinois, the\\nWabash, the Miami and their tributaries, with other principal\\nstreams, were the supporting columns upon which the settlements\\nrespectively formed and gradually extended itself to the right and\\nleft from these waters until the intervening country was filled.\\nWithin little more than half a century, population has extended\\nitself northward over the states of Indiana and Illinois, and coun-\\nties have been organized like the blocks of a building, one upon", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "304 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.\\nthe other, until now those hitherto wild and uninhabited wastes com-\\nprise the most wealthy, enterprising and populous portions of these\\ntwo states.\\nThe order in which these counties were organized and filled can\\nbe more properly carried forward in their respective county histories\\nin an unbroken continuity from the place where the writer now bids\\nthe reader a hearty good-bye.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "ILL", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "r o.", "height": "3439", "width": "2113", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nBY H. W. BECKWITH.\\nThat part of Illinois now known as Vermilion county was orig-\\ninally a portion of New France. It, together with all the immense\\nterritory lying west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio, be-\\nlonged, by right of discovery and occupation, to the King of France\\nfrom the year 1682 to 1763. During this time, for administrative\\npurposes, *New France was divided into two immense districts, the\\none known as Canada and the other as Louisiana, and at one period\\nprior to 1745 the division line of the Illinois country began on\\nthe Wabash, at the mouth of the Vermilion River, thence northwest\\nto La Salle s old fort on the Illinois River, a few miles above Ottawa.\\nNorth of this line was Canada south of it, and west of the Wabash,\\nwas Louisiana. At that time the county seat for that part of Ver-\\nmilion county south of the line named was Fort Chartes. North of\\nthis line the country was governed from the Post of Detroit and if\\na French trader, then living along the Vermilion River, wished to\\nget married to an Indian girl, he would have, in the absence of a\\nnearer parish priest, to go either to Fort Chartes or Detroit, if he\\nwished to lawfully celebrate the ceremony. They seldom went to\\nthis trouble, however.\\nAt the conclusion of the French colonial war in 1763 the country\\neastward of the Mississippi and west of the Alleghanies was ceded\\nto Great Britain, and this power held and exercised dominion over\\nit for some fifteen years, through an organization or board known\\nas The Lords Commissioners of the Council of Trade and Planta-\\ntions, or Lords of Trade. While the revolutionary war was in\\nprogress, the western country, by the capture of Kaskaskia and\\nother settlements within its borders, fell, in 1778, into the hands of\\nVirginia, through the conquest of Gen. George Rogers Clark and\\nhis soldiers, citizens of that state. After this Vermilion became a\\npart of Illinois county, in the State of Virginia. Our own gov-", "height": "3429", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "306 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\neminent acquired title to the northwest by deeds of cession from\\nVirginia, together with releases from Connecticut, Massachusetts and\\nNew York, of such claims as these states might have had to parts\\nof it under their old charters from the British crown. Afterward,\\nand under the ordinance of 1787, passed by congress for its govern-\\nment, the country became known as The territory of the United\\nStates northwest of the River Ohio. In the year 1800 the territory\\nwas divided, when that part of it tying west of a line drawn from\\nthe mouth of the Kentucky River to Fort Recovery the old battle-\\nfield of St. Clair s defeat, in the edge of Mercer county, Ohio, four\\nmiles east of the Indiana state line thence north to the British\\npossessions, was named and governed as The Indiana Territory\\nthe capitol at Vincennes. In the formation of counties, by virtue of\\nthe proclamation of Gen. Harrison, as governor, issued on the 3d\\nday of February, 1801, a part of Vermilion county lay in the county\\nof Knox, and the other portion in St. Clair, the same as sections of\\nit were formerly in Canada and Louisiana, with the difference that\\nthe line established by Gov. Harrison split our county by a nearly\\nnorth and south line, while that fixed, over half a century before, by\\nMons. Vaudreuil, governor of New France, divided it in an oppo-\\nsite direction. Again, in 1809, after the Illinois Territory had been\\nformed off of the Indiana Territory, by a line running from the\\nmouth of the Ohio up the Wabash to Vincennes, thence north to the\\nBritish Possessions, and when Nathaniel Pope, acting as governor,\\nissued his proclamation on the 28th day of April, 1809, reforming\\nthe boundary lines between the counties of Randolph and St. Clair,\\nand that portion of Knox lying west of the territorial line, Ver-\\nmilion county fell wholly within the county of St. Clair. Our county\\nseat by the change was now Cahokia, on the west side of the state,\\nopposite the lower suburbs of St. Louis. At this time had any per-\\nson living within the present limits of Vermilion a deed he de-\\nsired to record, it would have required a journey of nearly two\\nhundred miles, and no little skill in finding the way to the county\\nseat.\\nTwo years before Illinois was admitted as a state into the Union\\nthe county of Crawford was formed, and at that time Vermilion\\ncounty was a part of its territory. Here, in the round of changes,\\nour new county seat was shifted back across the state to the banks\\nof the Wabash, at Palestine, situated at the mouth of La Motte\\nCreek, where in 1812 was a block-house, called Fort La Motte, that\\nstood on the extreme northern limit of settlements in eastern Illi-\\nnois.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 307\\nIn 1819, the year after Illinois was made a state, the county of\\nClark was formed off the northern part of Crawford, with the county\\nseat established some miles higher up the Wabash, at a place called\\nAurora, which in turn became the county seat of all that region\\nbordering on the Indiana line, and extending north as far as the Illi-\\nnois and Kankakee Rivers. As it was when Vermilion county was\\na part of Clark, and while Aurora was the county seat, that the first\\npermanent settlement was begun within the present limits of Ver-\\nmilion, we will defer further reference to the formation of counties\\nin the chain of succession until we have noticed the incoming of the\\nfirst pioneers.\\nIt was fur and salt that first attracted attention of white people\\nin this direction.\\nPrior to this date, the title of the Indians claiming the country\\nalong the waters of the Vermilions had not been wholly extinguished.\\nAt the treaty concluded at St. Mary s, Ohio, on the 2d of October,\\n1818, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass and Benjamin Parke,\\ncommissioners of the United States, and the Pottawatomie nation of\\nIndians, Me-te-a Kiss me, Ke-sis The Sun, To-pin-ne-bee,\\nPe-so-tem, and thirty other principal chiefs of that tribe, ceded the\\nfollowing tract of country Beginning at the mouth of Tippecanoe\\nRiver, and running up the same to a point twenty-five miles in a\\ndirect line from the Wabash River; thence on a line as nearly paral-\\nlel to the general course of the Wabash River as practicable, to a\\npoint on the Vermilion River twenty-five miles from the Wabash\\nRiver thence down the Vermilion River to its mouth thence up\\nthe Wabash River to the place of beginning. By the second arti-\\ncle of this treaty the United States agreed to purchase any just claim\\nwhich the Kick-a-poos might have to any part of the ceded country\\nbelow Pine Creek. The next year, by the treaty of Edwards ville,\\nconcluded on the 13th of July, 1819, the latter tribe ceded a large\\nsection of country between the Illinois River and the Wabash, in-\\nclusive of that ceded by the Pottawatomies, and which is more par-\\nticularly described in the chapter on the Kickapoos, and will be\\nfound on page 167 of the general history. Immediately following\\nthis latter treaty, another treaty was concluded on the 30th of\\nAugust, 1819, at Fort Harrison, between the United States, through\\nits commissioner, Benjamin Parke, and that particular tribe or band\\nwho, in this treaty, described themselves as u The chiefs, warriors\\nand head men of the tribe of Kickapoos of the Vermilion, in which,\\nto the end that the United States might be enabled to fix with other\\nIndians a boundary between their respective claims, these Kickapoos", "height": "3429", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "308 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndescribed the country to which they had a rightful claim as follows\\nBeginning at the northwest corner of the Vincennes tract see\\nthe General History, page 167, for the location of the Vincennes\\ntract, thence westerly to the boundary established by a treaty\\nwith the Piankashaws on the 30th of December, 1805. This line\\nruns north seventy-eight degrees west from the northwest corner of the\\nVincennes tract to the ridge that divides the waters flowing into the\\nWabash from the streams that drain directly to the Mississippi, to\\nthe dividing ridge between the waters of the Embarras and Little\\nWabash thence by the said ridge to the sources of the Vermilion\\nRiver thence by the said ridge to the head of Pine Creek thence\\nby said creek to the Wabash River thence by the said river to the\\nmouth of the Vermilion River, and thence by [up] the Vermilion\\nand the boundary heretofore established to the place of beginning.\\nThis treaty was signed by Wah-co-haw, The Grey Fox Kitch-\\ne-mak-quaw, Big Bear Te-cum-the-na, Track in the Prairie\\nPe-le-che-ah, The Panther Mac-a-ca-naw (none of the treaties to\\nwhich this chief was a party give the signification of his name) Ka-\\nan-eh-ka-ka or Ka-an-a-kuck, The Drunkard s Son, as he was\\nfirst called, or The Prophet, a name which he assumed after he\\nreformed and became a religious teacher; Pa-koi-shee-can, or The\\nFlour, and whom the French called La Ferine.\\nHowever singular these names may appear to us, doubtless the\\nparties to whom they belonged were men of distinction during the\\ntime they owned and lived within the territory they relinquished.\\nWe have mentioned in the General History, page 164, the fact of the\\nKickapoos having ceded the tract of country between the Vermilion\\nand the mouth of Raccoon Creek, below Newport, Indiana, and ex-\\ntending from the Wabash westward some fifteen miles. In an address\\ndelivered by the writer before the Historical Society in May, 1878, it\\nwas stated that a history of our county would not be complete un-\\nless it went back of the time when the settlements began that the\\nmind would constantly recur to the unwritten chapter, would go back\\nbeyond the recollection of the l oldest inhabitant, and busy itself\\nwith the inquiries, Who first explored this part of our country?\\nWho owned it before the United States acquired it Who were the\\naboriginal proprietors What were their tribal names Where\\nwere their villages located? These questions the writer has en-\\ndeavored to answer in the General History preceding that of the\\nCounty History in this volume. One other topic in which the writer\\nsupposed the citizens of this locality would be interested was as to\\nwhen and how our government extinguished the Indian titles to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n309\\nthe lands drained by the Vermilion River and its tributaries. This\\nlast question has now been answered.\\nIn less than a month after the treaty at Fort Harrison, August,\\n1819, the Vermilion River was explored. The inducement was the\\nhope of discovering salt. It appears, from an affidavit made to\\nJoseph Barron, who for many\\nyears was Gen. Harrison s in-\\nterpreter, and well vWsed in\\nthe dialects of all the Indian\\ntribes who lived, hunted or\\nclaimed to own the lands wa-\\ntered by the Wabash and the\\nstreams flowing into it, that he\\nwas at the Vermilion Salines\\nas early as the year 1801. He\\nfurther made oath that he was\\nagain at the same salt spring,\\nsituated on the Big Vermilion\\nRiver, on the north side, about\\none and a half miles above the\\nold Kickapoo town, 1 and about\\nfifteen or eighteen miles from\\nthe Big Wabash River, in the\\ncounty of Clark, state of Illi-\\nnois, on the 22d day of September, 1819, in company with Lambert\\nBona, Zachariah Cicott [as we know the name, or Shecott, as\\nspelled by the justice of the peace who wrote and verified the affi-\\ndavits to which Bona, Cicott and Barron had sworn before him on\\non the 8th of December, 1819], and Truman Blackmail, together\\nwith four Shawnee Indians whom he [Barron] had hired and paid to\\ngo with him and show him minerals, salt springs, etc.\\nThe occasion of these affidavits, with several others of which the\\nwriter obtained copies from the archives at Springfield, was that the\\nlegislature had previously passed a liberal law to encourage the dis-\\ncovery and development of saline water, by the terms of which any\\nperson making such discoveries should have the exclusive right to\\nmanufacture salt within a given area. Conflicting claims arose di-\\nrectly as to the rights of several parties, and it was several years\\nbefore they were finally adjusted, and the letters and affidavits sent\\nin to Gov. Bond from the contestants afford reliable dates and other\\ninteresting matter relating to the first settlement of the county.\\nThe parties returned, and Capt. Blackmail organized a second\\nJOSEPH BARRON.", "height": "3429", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "310 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nexpedition without the knowledge or sanction of Barron. His party\\nconsisted of himself, his brother- Remember Blackman George\\nBeckwith, Seymour Treat, Peter Allen and Francis Whitcomb. They\\ncrossed the Wabash at the mouth of Otter Creek in the latter part of\\nOctober, and struck out in a northwest course through the timber\\nand prairies, keeping the direction with a small pocket compass, un-\\ntil they arrived at a stream supposed to be the Big Vermilion, about\\ntwenty-five miles, as they inferred, from the Wabash River. Here\\nthey encamped on the 31st of October, 1819. Capt. Blackman\\npointed out a smooth spot of low ground from twenty to thirty rods\\nacross where he said there was salt water. There was no vegetation\\ngrowing upon the surface, and no traces of people ever having been\\nthere, except, says Peter Allen in his affidavit, in some few\\nplaces where the Indians had sunk curbs of bark into the soil for the\\npurpose of procuring salt water.\\nCapt. Blackman set two or three men to work with spades, and by\\ndigging two or three feet into the saturated soil saline water was pro-\\ncured. This was boiled down in a kettle brought along for that pur-\\npose. About two gallons of water yielded four ounces of good\\nclear salt. An experimental well was dug a few rods from the former,\\nwhere the brine was much stronger. It was agreed by Capt. Black-\\nman that Treat, Whitcomb and Beckwith should be partners in the\\ndiscovery of the salt water, and each pay his portion of the ex-\\npenses. Beckwith and Whitcomb were left in charge to hold pos-\\nsession against the intrusion of other explorers, and to go on devel-\\noping the saline water, while the others returned to Fort Harrison\\nand procured a team, tools and provisions, with a view to future ope-\\nrations. In the latter part of November, 1819, Treat returned, com-\\ning up the Wabash and Vermilion rivers in a pirogue, with tools,\\nprovisions, his wife and children. With the assistance of Beckwith\\nand Whitcomb both good axmen a cabin was quickly erected\\nand Treat s family took immediate possession. In this way and at\\nthis place began the first permanent settlement within the present\\nlimits of Vermilion county. Mr. Treat s family suffered all the pri-\\nvations incident to their situation. Their nearest neighbors were on\\nNorth Arm Prairie, some forty miles away. The old Kickapoo town,\\na mile below their cabin, was deserted. The fence inclosing the\\ncornfield had tumbled to the ground. Weeds rankled where formerly\\nthe Indian squaw had hoed her corn and cultivated her squashes. A\\nyear later, Treat, writing to the governor, says that his family had\\nremained on the ground ever since their arrival, except one who has\\nfallen a victim to the sufferings and privations which they have had", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 311\\nto endure, in a situation so remote from a settled country, without\\nthe means of procuring the ordinary comforts of life.\\nCapt. Blackmail, it seems, did not do as he agreed. Instead of\\nmaking an application to the governor in the name of Barron and\\nthe other parties interested, he look the lease, or permit, in his own\\nname. The other parties complained and presented their own claims\\nto the governor, in numerous affidavits and letters, and it was some\\nthree years before the difficulties were finally adjusted. In the mean-\\ntime several wells were sunk, one of them by Beckwith and Whit-\\ncomb at their own expense, to the depth of fifty feet, mostly by drilL-\\ning through solid rock. The salt was excellent in quality, purity and\\nstrength. Great expectations were raised as to the benefit that would\\naccrue to the people of the Wabash Valley from these salt works.\\nThe writer has before him a letter addressed, on the 8th of June,\\n1820, by James B. MeCall, from Vincennes, to Gov. Bond, in which\\nthe former says, the people of the eastern section of your state are\\nvery anxious that the manufacture of salt might be gone into. Ap-\\npearances at the Vermilion salines justify the belief that salt may be\\nmade north of this sufficient for the consumption of all the settlers\\non the Wabash, and much below the present prices. Nearly all of\\nthe salt consumed above the mouth of the Wabash is furnished by\\nKentucky, and the transportation so far up streams materially en-\\nhances the price, and in the present undeveloped state of the country\\nas to money, prevents a majority of the farmers from procuring\\nthe quantity of this necessary article that their stock, etc., requires.\\nOn the 13th of December, 1822, the conflicting claimants, or as-\\nsignees of them, settled their differences at Vandalia before Gov.\\nBond, in an agreement which defined the shares of each. During\\nthis and the following year the manufacture of salt was increased.\\nNothing, however, was done on a scale equal to the demands until\\nin 1824, and after John W. Vance obtained possession of the salines.\\nIn the spring of 1824 Vance brought twenty-four large iron kettles\\nfrom Louisville, in a batau, down the Ohio, up the Wabash and Ver-\\nmilion to the mouth of Stony Creek, about four miles southeast of\\nDanville. The water being low and the channel obstructed by a sand-\\nbar at the mouth of the creek, the boat was abandoned, and the ket-\\ntles hauled from thence to the salt works by ox teams. Soon after\\nthis the number of kettles was increased to eighty, holding a hun-\\ndred and forty gallons each. They were set in a double row in a\\nfurnace constructed of stone at the bench of the hill near the wells.\\nA hundred gallons of brine was required to make a bushel of salt,\\nand from sixty to eighty bushels was a good week s run. The salt", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "312 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsold readily at the works for from $1.25 to $1.50 per bushel. Much\\nof it was taken down the river in pirogues to supply the country\\nbelow. A great deal was taken away in wagons, and much of it in\\nsacks on horseback by persons who were too poor to own a team.\\nIt was not an unusual occurrence to see people at the works from\\nthe settlements at Buffalo, Hart and Elkhart Groves, from the San-\\ngamon and Illinois Rivers, and from the neighborhood of Rockville\\nand Rosedale, Indiana. In those days, says Mr. H. A. Coffeen, in\\nan excellent little volume issued by him in 1870, and which is the\\npioneer history of our country, the motto seemed to be more\\nwagon roads to the salt works.\\nThe discovery of enormous quantities of brine upon the Ka-\\nnawha River, and the completion of a government pier at the\\nmouth of the Chicago Creek, making a practical harbor so that\\nvessels on the lake could safely enter there, created a competition\\nthat put an end to the further manufacture of salt in Vermilion\\ncounty. The works after this were a loss to every one who under-\\ntook to run them. They were abandoned, and the long row of\\nbuildings that had grown up in palmier days became vacant. For\\nmany years afterward the sole occupant was a singular old lady\\nwhom the people called Mother Bloss. She lived all alone,\\nspending her time in knitting or in boiling a little salt at the old\\nfurnace when the weather was pleasant, and would bring the pro-\\nducts of her industry to town and barter them for sugar, coffee,\\nsnuff and such other little luxuries as her limited means would\\nallow.\\nNothing now remains of the old salt works except the furrowed\\nhillside, where some of the furnace stones point above the overlay-\\ning grass, and a few depressions in the ground that mark the posi-\\ntion of several of the wells. They are situated over half a mile\\nwest of the crossing of the middle fork, in the bottom, near the\\nnorth bank of the salt fork, and between the cultivated fields and\\nthe river. The Indians told Maj. Yance that they and the French\\ntraders had made salt at these springs for at least seventy or eighty\\nyears before they were developed by the white people and the old\\nIndians said they had no recollection of the time, it was so long ago\\nsince their people first commenced making salt there. The well-\\nworn trails of buffalo and other wild animals were found converg-\\ning to this brakish ooze from many directions, and the abundance\\nof game that collected there to eat the salty earth is proven by the\\nquantity of broken arrow-heads which have been found in this\\nlocalitv ever since the settlement of the country.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 313\\nThe salt works were the nucleus of settlements in that vicinity,\\nas they were, also, the beginning of the county. The next begin-\\nning, in the order of time, was made in 1820, by Jaipes D. Butler,\\nwho took up a claim, as squatting on apiece of land before it\\nwas surveyed or put in market was called, just west of Catlin.\\nHe was from Chittenden county, Vermont moved to Clark county,\\nOhio lived there six years, when, with two or three other persons,\\nhe came to Vermilion county. His cabin was erected on the right\\nhand side of the road leading from Catlin to the fair ground, and on\\nthe east side of the branch which still bears his name. He put in a\\ncrop, and, in company with his neighbors, returned in the fall to Ohio.\\nThe next spring he brought out his family. His neighbors would not\\ncome back with him; they abandoned their little beginnings 1 be-\\ncause their families were afraid to submit themselves, so far from\\ncivilization, to the mercy of the Indians, whose numerous bands\\nwere roaming over this country at that time. When Butler s fam-\\nily moved in, their nearest neighbor south was Henry Johnson, on\\nthe Little Vermilion, while Treat s family, at the salt works, with\\nWhitcomb and the two Beckwiths, Dan and George, were their only\\nneighbors in that direction. Within two or three years Robert\\nTrickle came to Butler s Point, then John Light, and soon after\\nAsa Elliott. Whitcomb took a wife and went from the salt works\\nto Catlin, where he built a home and lived for many years.\\nAt a later day, Butler, greatly prospered by his industry and\\nthrift, built a larger house in fact, a mansion, so considered at the\\ntime out on the prairie near the northeast portion of the present\\nCatlin fair-ground inclosure. The logs were square hewn the cor-\\nners of the building were cut even with the line of the walls. Butler\\nwas a man of good business capacity, and possessed a practical mind.\\nThis, with his good house and the accession of enterprising neigh-\\nbors, soon made Butler s Point the focal center of the country\\nmany miles around.\\nNear Butler s house stood a large oak tree, all alone, out well\\nbeyond the line of timber skirting the branch, where for years it had\\nbid defiance to the annual prairie fire. It was called Butler s lone\\ntree, and was a landmark and sentinel that served as a guide to\\ntravelers crossing the prairies from the south and west.\\nA Lewis Bailey, in 1823, made a tomahawk improvement, as\\nlittle clearings in the timber were called in those days, west of the\\nsalt works some six miles, on what is now known as a part of the\\nold Radclifre farm. Bailey sold out to Harvey Luddington, who\\nwas well known in Danville, where he lived since 1828 until his", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "314 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndeath within the past year. The branch near by became known to\\nthe early settlers as Luddington s branch. It is now called Stony\\nCreek. Within a few years afterward a Mr. Walker opened a farm\\nhigher up the creek, and the place became known as Walker s\\nPoint.\\nThe facts narrated in reference to the early settlement at Butler s\\nPoint, and upon the Little Vermilion and Stony Creek, are produced\\nfrom a narrative given the writer by Annis Butler, daughter of Jas.\\nD. Butler, afterward the wife of Marquis Snow, and after this the\\nwife of Cyrus Douglas. Her reminiscences are quite lengthy, and\\nwere taken down in writing by the writer of this, at the time and\\nsubstantially as related to him at her house in Fairmount, on the\\n12th of August, 1876. The lady was in excellent health at the time,\\nand exceedingly quick in both mind and body. Her recollection of\\nevents was remarkable, and her faculty in relating them minute and\\nexact. She had always enjoyed excellent health, and time had dealt\\nso gently with her that her appearance betrayed no evidence of her\\nage. The writer has been thus particular, that the reader may give\\nproper credit to her statements wherein they differ from the recol-\\nlections of other old settlers. She was born in 1805, and was\\nabout sixteen years old when she came to Catlin Township with her\\nfather. She lived in that part of the county until in March, 1877,\\nwhen she died at her home in Fairmount. Concerning her first\\nmarriage, she says that her husband, Marquis Snow, drove one of\\nher father s teams when the family moved from Ohio to Illinois,\\nand that her acquaintance with him began before that time. Mr.\\nDouglas and his intended bride were at the salt works. She was\\nthere also, as was Marquis Snow. The groomsman took their girls\\non horseback, each pony carrying two persons, the groom in front,\\nthe bride behind, following in single file along an Indian trail, leading\\nfrom the salt works to Denmark. Dan and George Beckwith, dressed\\nin buckskin blouse, breeches and moccasins, brought up the rear on\\nfoot. Squire Treat s cabin was about fourteen feet square, built of\\nsmall round logs. Douglas was married first, and then Marquis and\\nMiss Annis stood up, and joining hands, their marriage was next\\nduly solemnized. The ceremony of this double wedding was per-\\nformed on the 27th day of January, 1825. It has been erroneously\\nstated that these weddings were the first ever celebrated in Vermil-\\nion county. These were, perhaps, the first in this part of what is\\nnow known as Vermilion county. Then, Vermilion was a part, and\\nonly a small part, of Edgar county, and Squire Treat was one of the\\njustices of the peace for the county of Edgar. Before laying aside", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 315\\nMrs. Douglas s narrative, we will extract two or three incidents\\nwhich she relates. They are unimportant in themselves, but will\\nillustrate the necessities of society, and the condition of this part of\\nthe country at that time, and will assist the reader in drawing con-\\ntrasts between the early duvs and now.\\nAfter Baily sold out to Luddington he cleared out to the Illi-\\nnois River country, 1 leaving his wife and two or three small children\\nat the salt works. The children were taken sick. The wife soon\\nbecame ill, too. There was no other woman at the salt works, the\\nmen laboring there being all unmarried. Whitcomb took care of the\\nsick mother and her children. With his own hands he did all their\\nwashing. No female help could be had. No doctors or drug stores,\\nfrom where aid or medicines could be procured, were nigh. No food,\\nsuch as invalids require, could be procured. One by one the chil-\\ndren, wasting away, day after day, died. No plank or lumber was\\nto be had, and coffins were made out of rough boards, split from a\\nwalnut tree that grew a short distance from Butler s branch. In\\nthese rude caskets, roughly made by the men with such tools as they\\npossessed, the bodies of the little ones were placed in the ground.\\nThe sick mother, unable to leave her couch, could drop no tear at\\nthe graves of her dear ones. There were none to mourn at the\\nfuneral, no relatives, no friends, no minister, only the sad faces\\nof strong men inured to hardships, who silently performed the last\\nrites.\\nThe walnut tree, says Mrs. Douglas, was called the coffin tree.\\nNeighbors came from a long distance and rived boards from this\\ntree. It was straight-grained, and slabs could be split off of it with\\nlittle difficulty. From such material as this were formed the burial-\\ncases of a number of the early settlers.\\nOne spring, some two years before Mr. Snow s marriage, he was\\nmaking sugar at the camp near the salt works, and as he was hauling\\nsugar water from the trees to the camp on a bob-sled. a panther\\ncame near him. He motioned to Lewis Bailey, who was at the camp\\nfire, to bring the rifle, but Bailey did not see him. All the while the\\npanther was eyeing Mr. Snow sharply whenever he moved, the\\npanther would move in the same direction. He mounted a fallen\\ntree, still trying to attract Bailey s attention. He was afraid to run,\\nlest the panther would spring upon him. The panther got upon the\\nlog himself, and followed Snow up as the latter slowly retreated, walk-\\ning backward upon the log and facing the crouching animal. At last\\nMr Snow gave a loud halloo, not daring to turn his eye away from\\nthe panther in the direction of the camp. His shout quickly brought", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "316 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nBailey to his assistance, and frightened the panther away at the same\\ntime. ISTo more sugar was made at that camp until the next year.\\nThe Blackmans and Treat brought up a lot of hogs from Terre\\nHaute to the salt works in 1820 or 1821, and turned them loose in\\nthe woods, where they throve and multiplied astonishingly. The\\nanimals lived upon grass and the abundance of mast found in the\\ntimber. In time the hogs grew wild, and the males were dangerous.\\nThey spread their numbers many miles up the Middle Fork and Salt\\nFork, and down the Vermilion below Danville. The round, plump\\nform, the result- of domestication, gave way as the animals bred back\\nto a wild condition, and their bodies became tall and thin, their legs\\nlong, and their whole appearance grew so changed that they looked\\nvery little like civilized hogs. They became common property in\\nthe woods, and were killed off as wild game.\\nLeaving the narrative of Mrs. Douglas, the writer was told by\\nMr. Jackson, now living on the Little Yermilion, that these hogs\\nwere so wild it was impossible to domesticate them. His people\\ncaught a large one, with dogs, and brought it to Danville and put it\\nin a pen. It would eat no corn or any other food, but walked\\naround the pen continually, chafing and frothing at the mouth, like\\nthe wildest beast he ever saw caged in a menagerie. Thus it walked\\nand chafed and starved to death under the restraint of its confine-\\nment. Besuming Mrs. Douglas narrative, this lady states that her\\nfather in 1823 made the first mill, or corn cracker ever used either\\nin Yermilion or Champaign counties. It consisted of a gum, or\\nsection of a hollow tree, some four feet long by two feet in diameter.\\nInto this was set a stationary stone, selected with reference to as\\nflat a surface as could be procured. The revolving burr, like the\\nstationary stone, consisted of a granite boulder, or nigger head,\\nas the old settlers called the stone, which are distributed freely over\\nthe ground everywhere. The stones were broken and dressed into a\\ncircular form, and the grinding surfaces were furrowed, so as to give\\nthem cutting edges, by Mr. Butler, with the aid of such tools as he\\ncould manufacture at his forge for the purpose. A hole was drilled\\non the upper side of the rotary burr, near the rim. A pole was\\ninserted in this, and the other end placed into a hole in a beam\\nsome six or eight feet directly above the center of the hopper. By\\ntaking hold of the pole with the hand near the burr, and exerting a\\npush and pull movement, a rotary motion was given to the mill.\\nIts capacity, with a lively, muscular man as the motive power, was\\nabout one bushel of tolerably well cracked corn per hour. The corn\\nwas put into the gum with one hand, while the burr was revolved", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 317\\nwith the other. I have, says Mrs. Douglas, ground many a\\ntime on this mill, and so has Uncle Harvey Luddington. It served\\nthe wants of the settlement at Butler s Point until the water-mill\\nwas built on the north fork at Danville. Afterward it was taken to\\nthe Big Grove, in Champaign county, by Mr. Trickle, where it\\ndid work for the whole neighborhood, then consisting of five or six\\nfamilies, among whom it sustained its reputation as a good and reli-\\nable mill. During the time this machine was the only first-class\\nmill in the county, the nearest place where flour and good meal\\ncould be procured was from the water-mill on Raccoon Creek, across\\nthe Wabash, below Montezuma.\\nThe year before I was married to my- first husband, continues\\nMrs. Duglass in her statement, he, in company with Seymour Treat,\\nGeorge and Dan Beckwith, went off on a lark to Chicago. The\\nIndians had told them about Chicago, the trading post, and the\\nbig, big water, and the young men were curious and determined\\nto know for themselves how the country looked up that way. They\\nhad a little bacon and meal, an Indian pony to carry their provisions\\nand blankets, and to help them over the streams, and a pocket com-\\npass. Thus equipped, they started. They got lost on the way, in\\nthe confusion of trails crossing the country however, they were put\\non the right trail by an Indian whom they met. They got through\\npleasantly and safe enough, saw what was to be seen at Fort Dear-\\nborn, and returned. They had a first-rate time going up and re-\\nturning, which occupied the better part of two weeks. After the\\nparty had returned to the salt works, although they had gone one\\nhundred and twenty-eight miles to Fort Dearborn, they might have\\ntraveled sixty miles farther north, and, if asked where they had\\nbeen, might have replied, in truth, that they had not been outside of\\nthe county, for at that date Edgar county extended to the Wisconsin\\nline. They slept out in the open air all the way going and return-\\ning, except one night when they were the guests of a Pottawatomie\\nchief, and an old acquaintance, at his village on the Kankakee. The\\nIndians treated the travelers with the greatest kindness, giving up\\ntheir skin blankets for them to sleep upon, while they themselves\\nlay upon the bare ground. There were then no white men s houses\\nbetween the salt works and Chicago, except Treat s cabin at Den-\\nmark, and Geurdon S. Hubbard s trading house at the Iroquois.\\nThis was, perhaps, the first free or grand excursion from\\nVermilion county to Chicago. The reader can draw the contrast\\nThen, it was the Indian trail called Hubbard s trace, over wild,\\nuninhabited prairies, and terminating on the desolate sand-ridge", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "318 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncrowned with stunted oak trees, relieved in the distance by the white-\\nwashed barracks of Fort Dearborn, beyond which was a sluggish\\ncreek that meandered a devious course into Lake Michigan. Now,\\nthe trip is made on the cushioned seat of the railway car, speeding\\nin a few brief hours, all the way through cultivated fields or by\\nthrifty villages, to the mighty city that has since arisen and become\\nalike a pride and wonder of the west.\\nIn 1820 Henry Johnson and Absalom Starr began the nucleus of\\nsettlements on the Little Vermilion, some two miles west of George-\\ntown. The writer has a copy of a letter addressed to William Lowery,\\nthe member from Clark county in the Illinois legislature, from Henry\\nJohnson, dated Achilles township, November 22, 1822, in which\\nhe says that he had a knowledge of the affairs of this township\\nsince October, 1820. From the text of the letter it is quite appar-\\nent Achilles township embraced the whole territory of Clark\\ncounty watered by the two Vermilions and extending as far north as\\nthe Kankakee. Thomas O Neil opened up the so-called Caroway\\nFarm at Brooks Point in 1821. A little later he settled on the\\nVermilion River. Capt. Achilles Morgan and his two daughters,\\nthe one married to Henry Martin, the other to George Brock,\\narrived at the salt works in 1821, all the way from Virginia. They\\npassed down through Brooks Point, where they lodged one night\\nin an Indian wigwam made of bark. Then they pursued their way\\nto the south side of the Little Vermilion, about three miles west of\\nGeorgetown, where they found a home. In 1822 Mr. Dickson Will-\\niams and others extended the picket line of settlements still higher\\nup the Little Vermilion. With them, or soon after, we hear of the\\nSwanks, the McDonalds, Mr. McDowell and G. W. Cassiday. We\\nmight give other names, only in doing so we should encroach upon\\nthe field already covered by other writers, to whom were assigned\\nthe histories of the several townships, where the reader will find the\\nnames of the persons by whom and the order in which the several\\ntownships, respectively, were settled. The purpose in this connection\\nis to show that the line of immigration into Vermilion county was\\nfrom the south toward the north.\\nOn the 3d of January, 1823, Edgar county was formed off of\\nClark, and by the fifth section of the act, passed on the 3d of Janu-\\nary, 1823, for its organization, all that tract of country north of said\\nEdgar county, to Lake Michigan, was attached to the county of\\nEdgar, for judicial purposes. Our county-seat was again changed,\\nstill working its way north. The first business transacted in the new\\ncounty of Edgar was at the house of Jonathan Mayo, on the North", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 319\\nAnn Prairie. Shortly after this the seat of justice was located at\\nParis. The date of the report of the commissioners fixing the county\\nseats is April 21, 1823. Amos Williams, late of Yermilion county,\\nwas the surveyor who laid off the original town of Paris.\\nWithin the next three years the population along the Little Yer-\\nmilion and northward of that stream had increased sufficiently to\\njustify the formation of another new county. Accordingly, by section\\none of the act of the 18th of January, 1826 (Laws of 1826-7, page\\n50), it was declared that all that tract of country within the following\\nbounds, to wit Beginning on the state line between Illinois and\\nIndiana, at the northeast corner of Edgar county [the act organizing\\nEdgar county fixed its northern boundary by a line running east and\\nwest between townships 16 and 17], thence west with the line divid-\\ning townships 16 and 17 to the southwest corner of township 17\\nnorth, of range 10 east thence north to the northwest corner of\\ntownship 22 north thence east to the Indiana state line thence\\nsouth with the state line to the place of beginning, should constitute\\na separate county, to be called Yermilion. This description would\\nstrike off one tier of townships, or six miles, from the north end of\\nthe county, and extend its west line about ten miles into Champaign.\\nBy the seventh section of the act referred to, all that tract of coun-\\ntry lying east of range 6, east of the 3d principal meridian and north\\nof Yermilion county, as far north as the Illinois and Kankakee\\nrivers, was attached to Yermilion county for judicial purposes.\\nThe attached territory embraced all of the country now occupied\\nby Champaign, Iroquois and Ford counties, two tiers of townships\\non the east side of Livingston, two-thirds of the width of Grundy\\ncounty south of the Kankakee (which comprises more than half the\\narea of that county), and nearly one and one half congressional\\ntownships in the southwest corner of Will. This region was dis-\\nposed of substantially in the following order: Iroquois county was\\nformed in 1833, and by the terms of the act for its establishment,\\nthe old boundary line of Yermilion was extended six miles farther\\nnorth, making the line where it now is. Champaign county was\\nstricken off by the act of February, 1833, by the terms of which\\nYermilion lost half of range 14, fractional range 11 and range 10,\\nthus reducing the old limits of Yermilion county ten miles on the\\nwest in its entire length. Livingston county was organized in 1837,\\nby which ten full townships and a half of two others was taken\\nfrom Yermilion. Grundy was established in 1841, and by the act\\nfor its formation she acquired that portion of Yermilion which we\\nhave indicated. In January, 1836, Will county was formed out of", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "320 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nCook and that portion of Iroquois between the present northern limit\\nof Iroquois county and the Kankakee. After the formation of the\\nseveral counties named, there still remained a remnant a boot-\\nleg, or pan-handle, as it was called of the old attached ter-\\nritory. The boot-leg of this fragment consisted of a strip lying\\nbetween Iroquois and Will (or latterly Kankakee county) on the\\neast and Livingston and Grundy on the west. It was only six miles\\nin breadth and nearly fifty miles long. South of this was a block\\nsixteen miles north and south, by eighteen miles east and west, with\\na toe of two townships extending eighteen miles still farther\\neast. The three northern townships of the boot-leg Reed, Essex\\nand Norton were disposed .of: The first went to Will and the two\\nlast to Kankakee county. The remainder was organized into the\\ncounty of Ford in 1859. Our member in the legislature acted un-\\nwisely, perhaps, in submitting to the loss of territory on the west\\nside of the county in the organization of Champaign. The latter has\\nthe greater width of the two. The dismembered strip would have\\nalways been valuable to Vermilion, while the people living in it\\ncould have been, in all probability, as well, if not better, accommo-\\ndated had the old relations been retained. A small county has a\\ncorrespondingly less influence in a conference, at a political conven-\\ntion, state or congressional, and in the legislature, than the larger\\nand more populous ones, as little counties have, unfortunately, often\\nlearned to their cost. While Vermilion is by no means a small\\ncounty as compared with Edwards or Ford, or many others, in the\\nstate,- still, when contrasted or coming in a collision with such coun-\\nties as Adams, Sangamon or McLean, her interests are apt to suffer.\\nHence it will be seen that Chicago, as well as all that territory lying\\nnorth of the Kankakee, was never in, and formed no part of, Ver-\\nmilion county proper. True, while Vermilion was a part of Edgar\\nthe latter did embrace all the territory south of the Wisconsin line.\\nBefore Vermilion county was organized, however, to wit, on the\\n13th of January, 1825, Peoria county was formed off of Pike, and\\ntook in all the territory north of the Illinois and Kankakee Rivers,\\nfrom Indiana state line west to the boundary established by that act,\\nbetween the old county of Pike and the new county of Peoria. The\\nwriter is aware that old settlers yet living would, if necessary, make\\ntheir affidavits that Chicago was at one time in Vermilion county,\\nand that William Reed, the sheriff, paid out of his own pocket the\\ntaxes due from property-owners at Chicago rather than travel there\\nto collect them, and that Harvey Luddington, having occasion to go\\nto Chicago, was deputized by Sheriff Reed to obtain the taxes due", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 321\\nin Cook county. Mr. Luddington, H. Cunningham and others have\\noften told the writer this story. The old. settlers were doubtless\\ncorrect in their statements as to the manner of payment of this tax\\nbut they are mistaken as to the time, which could only have been\\nbetween the years 1823 and 1825, while Cook was a part of Edgar,\\nand before the formation of Peoria and Vermilion, during which\\nperiod Mr. Reed was acting as sheriff of Edgar, and while Mr. Lud-\\ndington and the others were citizens of that county, though residing\\nwithin the present limits of Vermilion. In those days new counties\\nwere being organized with such rapidity, and the special laws were\\naccessible to so few of the people, that a mistake such as the one\\nhere pointed out was quite likely to occur, particularly where the\\nnarrators are speaking of past events with no data to refresh their\\nrecollections.\\nBy the second section of the act establishing Vermilion county,\\nJohn Boyd and Joel Phelps, of Crawford, and Samuel Prevo, of\\nClark county, were appointed commissioners to meet at .the house of\\nJames Butler, on the second Monday of March, then next and,\\nafter taking oath for a faithful discharge of their trust, to examine\\nfor, and determine on, a place for the permanent seat of justice of\\nthe county, taking into consideration the convenience of the people,\\nthe situation of the settlements, with an eye to the future population\\nand eligibility of the place. 1 The act required that the owners\\nof the land selected as a county seat should donate and convey the\\nsame to the county in a quantity not less than twenty acres in a\\nsquare form, and not more than twice as wide, to be laid off in lots\\nand to be sold by the county commissioners for the purpose of erect-\\ning public buildings. In case of a refusal of the owner to donate\\nthe required ground, the commissioners were required to locate the\\ncounty-seat on the lands of some other person who would make the\\ndonation contemplated by the act. 1\\nAn examination of the old private laws shows that it was a gen-\\neral custom in those days for the Legislature to require a donation\\nof lands as a condition for the location of county seats, believing\\nthat the people of the new county should share the profits of the\\nlucky land-owner.\\nThe act further provided that, in the event the county seat was\\nlocated within the bounds of the Saline reservation on the Big Ver-\\nmilion River the Saline lands, by act of congress, had become the\\nproperty of the state the county commissioners should, as soon as\\npracticable, purchase of the state the quarter or half section desig-\\nnated for the use of the county. And the act further provided, sec-\\nB", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "322 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntion 3, that all courts should be held at the house of James Butler\\nuntil public buildings were erected for the purpose, unless changed\\nto another place by order of the county commissioners.\\nBoyd and his associates, after a casual examination of the country,\\nmade their report, by which they located the county seat some six\\nmiles west of Danville and back a distance from the south side of\\nthe Salt Fork. A more unfavorable place could hardly have been\\nselected the surface was cold, flat, clay ground. It is doubtful if\\nordinary wells could have been secured, to say nothing of cellars or\\ndrainage, which are indispensable for the convenience and health of\\na town. It would have been impossible ever to have attracted enter-\\nprising men to such a spot and if the county seat had been estab-\\nlished there, it never would have grown to the dignity of a city, or\\neven attained the respectability of the average modern town. It\\nwould have remained an unsightly, ragged, sickly village, not unlike\\nseveral of the old county seats in the state, that lingered along for\\nyears only to die anfl be forgotten.\\nFortunately for the future welfare of the county, Vance, the les-\\nsee, refused to yield his rights. The citizens generally were very\\nmuch dissatisfied with the site selected, and sent up a remonstrance\\ncoupled with a prayer for the removal of the county seat to a more\\ndesirable location, and for relief generally. Accordingly, on the 26th\\nday of December, 1826 (private laws of Illinois, 1826-7, page 2,) the\\ngeneral assembly passed an act, which recites in the preamble:\\nWhereas, the seat of justice of Vermilion county has been located\\nby the commissioners appointed at the last session on land which\\nwas then and still is leased by the governor for a term of years to\\ncertain persons for the manufacture of salt and whereas, the said\\nlessees are unwilling to surrender the same, or any part, for the use\\nof the county, in consequence of which no improvements can be\\nmade thereon and the citizens having petitioned for its removal,\\nand for remedy whereof, therefore it was enacted, that Will-\\niam Morgan, Zachariah Peter and John Kirkpatrick, of Sangamon\\ncounty, be declared commissioners to explore the county and desig-\\nnate the place, which, on being located, should forever remain the\\npermanent seat of justice of Vermilion county. The same sec-\\ntion further provided, that in case the new commissioners should\\nlocate the county seat within the Saline reservation, the state would\\nrelinquish its title to a half quarter section, or fractional section, on\\nthe Vermilion River, not exceeding eighty acres, in the reservation,\\nupon which the county seat might be located, for the use of the\\ncounty, on condition that congress would confirm the same to the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 323\\ncounty. 1 On the 31st of January, 1827, the new commissioners\\nreported to the county commissioners that, in their opinion, the\\nlands donated by Guy W. Smith and Dan W. Beekwith, near the\\nmouth of the North Fork of the Vermilion River, was the most\\nsuitable place in the county for such county seat.\\nA most fortunate choice it was. A better site could not have\\nbeen selected. In the whole state there is not a spot of ground\\nwhere Nature herself has combined so many advantages of drainage,\\nsurface soil, water, coal, timber, stone, gravel and all else that is\\nrequired for the successful growth of an inland city and the act of\\nthe commissioners in establishing the county seat here has largely\\ncontributed to the growth and development of the entire county.\\nThe thought of making a town at Danville was not original with\\nMessrs. Morgan, Peter and Kirkpatrick. The chiefs and head men\\nof the Miami- Piankeshaws had, about a hundred years before,\\nselected it as the place of one of their principal villages, giving it\\nthe name of Piankeshaw. It is highly probable indeed, the writer\\nhas but little doubt, after consulting many authorities, and making a\\npersonal examination of the country on the Vermilion River below\\nand above Danville that the old village of Piankeshaw, referred to\\nin French documents as far back as 1719, and in the subsequent\\naccounts of English and early American writers, was strung along the\\nnorth fork from the northwestern city limits to Main street, thence\\nalong the Vermilion River as far as the extreme of east Danville,\\nand extending back, in an irregular line a half a mile or more, from\\nthe bluffs of the two streams. The old corn hills, grown over with\\nblue-grass, heaps of stone where fires had been made, the absence\\nof forest, excepting a few large oak trees, and other appearances\\nscattered over the area of ground we have described, clearly indicated\\nits former occupation to the early white visitants. In fact, the Potta-\\nwatomie Indians told Col. Guerdon S. Hubbard in 1819 or 1820 that\\nit used to be the big Piankashaw tovm. We will summarize a\\ndescription of the locality at the time it was determined to establish\\nthe county seat here. Let the reader fancy all the houses in and\\nabout the city taken away remove the fences, gardens and lawns\\nobliterate the streets and walks, and all other signs of civilization\\nrestore the trees to the surrounding forest, and look upon the land-\\nscape as it appeared to Guerdon S. Hubbard in 1819, to Harvey\\nLuddington and Jacob Swisher in 1821, or to Alvin Gilbert, Hesi-\\nkiah Cunningham, the Leneve Brothers, John H. Murphy, Leander\\nRutledge or William Bandy, a few years later, and before the white\\nsettlers had made many of their marks upon it. You see a line of", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "324 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nstalwart oaks upon the river bluffs, and others, like solitary sentinels,\\nscattered at wide intervals over an open plain. Westward of Stony\\nCreek, and extending from east Danville northwest, in the direction\\nof the woollen factory, are patches of hazel and jack oak, both of\\nrecent growth. In the vicinity of the high school, extending north\\nand west well toward the bluffs, and embracing nearly all of Tinch-\\nertown, is a broad meadow, set in with blue-grass, and having the\\nmarks of old corn hills plainly visible over many acres of it. Under\\nthe hill, west of Mill street, and in the other bottom extending from\\nthe mouth of the North Fork below the red bridge, are other ancient\\ncorn fields, also overrun with blue-grass. Along the bluffs of the\\nNorth Fork and Vermilion, at a convenient distance from some of\\nthe numerous springs that bubble out of the hillsides, are scattering\\nwigwams formed of bark, or the naked lodge poles of other huts.\\nThese are only the temporary abode of roving bands of Kickapoos\\nor Pottawatomies while on their hunting rounds. Eastward of Ver-\\nmilion street is, seemingly, a prairie, with a few stunted bushes that\\ngrow for a single season, only to be burned to the ground b}^ the\\nautumnal fires.\\nThe Piankashaws are gone, and desolation broods over their\\nancient village. Some quarter of a century or more before the white\\nsettlers came, the rightful dwellers on the Vermilion had been swept\\naway by the aggressive advances of their more powerful neighbors,\\nthe Pottawatomies and Kickapoos.\\nBeckwith and Smith having entered into bond to execute a deed\\nto the county for the lands, severally agreed by them to be donated\\nm the event of their being selected as the place for the county seat,\\non the incoming of the report of the locating commissioners, the\\nboard of county commissioners, consisting of Asa Elliott, Achilles\\nMorgan and James McClewer, ordered the lands to be laid off into\\ntown lots, and appointed the 10th of April, 1827, as the day when\\nthe lots would be offered at public sale. Notice of the sale was\\nordered to be published in the Illinois Intelligencer, issued at Van-\\ndalia, the state capital, and also in a newspaper at Indianapolis,\\nIndiana these being the nearest newspapers. The town was laid\\nout by the county, through its commissioners. Dan. W. Beckwith,\\nthe county surveyor, was employed by the commissioners to run out\\none hundred lots. The day of sale having come around, a large\\nnumber of people were collected bidding was lively, Harvey Lud-\\ndington acting as auctioneer. Forty-two lots were sold, from which\\nthe county realized nine hundred and twenty-two dollars and eighty-\\nseven cents. The average price was about twenty-two dollars per", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 325\\nlot, a trilling price when compared with their present value, as most\\nof the lots sold were on Main and Vermilion streets, in the vicinity\\nof the public square. It will be observed, from facts narrated, that\\nDanville was not created as a private enterprise. It is, on the con-\\ntrary, the bantling of the whole county, whose people, in their cor-\\nporate capacity, are responsible for its good fame and proper behav-\\nior. We may say that the county has, as yet, had no reason to deny,\\nor be otherwise than proud of, its issue. The commissioners who\\nlaid it out named it after the man Dan W. Beckwith who\\nearliest lived here, adding the ville to his christian name. His\\nname is often referred to as Daniel or Danel. His name in full was\\nDan, without any other addition.\\nThe day of the sale was pleasant, and the warm sun invited a\\nlarge number- of rattlesnakes out of their den in the limestone crev-\\nices on the river side at the foot of Clark street. In the afternoon\\nthe bidders at the sale amused themselves with a \u00e2\u0096\u00a0snake hunt,\\nkilling seventy-five or eighty, some of them over six feet long, in\\nthe course of a short time. In this connection the writer will state\\nthat for years after the settlement at Danville the neighborhood was\\ninfested with great numbers of these serpents, not to mention black\\nsnakes, racers, moccasins, and like repulsive, though harmless, rep-\\ntiles. The rattlesnakes would rendezvous in their dens on the hill-\\nside through the winter, and spread themselves over the adjacent\\ncountry during the summer months. Before the state quarried the\\nstone with which the old abutments at the Wabash railway bridge\\nare built, the rock ledges from which this material was taken stood\\nout in bold relief along the river bluffs at and near Danville. The\\nopen seams in the ledges afforded a comfortable lodgment for the\\nrattlesnakes. The Indians called the rattlesnake their grand-\\nfather, 1 and through superstition would never permit one to be\\nharmed or destroyed. Hence their numbers multiplied rapidly in\\nlocalities favorable for their protection and increase and the in-\\ncoming whites were annoyed, and often frightened, with familiar\\nliberties they would take in and about the houses. The writer will\\nillustrate with one or two incidents. Mr. Cunningham and John\\nMurphy occupied log cabins near together on the west side of Ver-\\nmilion street, south of the public square. One evening subsequent\\nto 1830, Samuel Russel was down there courting the girls. As he\\nwas being lighted out, the taper which the young lady held in her\\nhand reflected upon the shining skin of a rattlesnake coiled up on\\nthe doorstep at his feet. Recently Mr. Gustavus Pierson, now in\\nthe city, informed the writer that, many years ago when he was a", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "326 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nlad, he, in company with his mother and brother, was spending the\\nevening at the house of the mother of the writer, and among the\\nother incidents which she related was one to the effect that one\\nevening, after dusk, she went out to the wood-pile, and gathered up\\nwith her hands an apron full of fagots, which she brought into the\\nhouse, and emptied upon the tire by dropping the folds of her apron.\\nImmediately a rattlesnake, over two feet long, which she had thrown\\ninto the fire along with the fagots, crawled out from the flames.\\nThe government surveys were extended north of the Vermilion\\nRiver in 1821, and the settlement of that part of the country went\\nforward with commendable progress. The several township histories\\nwill show the manner, the time, and by whom. From an examina-\\ntion of that part of the volume it will appear that the two Vermilion\\nRivers were the base, and that the Middle Fork, North Fork and\\nthe two Stony Creeks were the supporting columns on which the\\npopulation of the county was formed. The early settlers clung to\\nthe timber. They did not expect or believe the prairies ever would\\nor could be settled. Indeed they did not wish it and many of the\\nearly comers were dissatisfied, and sold out their improvements and\\nmoved to newer counties, when they saw their cattle range en-\\ncroached upon by the advance of farms from the timber line into\\nthe open prairie. Gradually, however, the prejudice against the\\nopen prairie was overcome people learned that they could live\\nentirely away from the timber. Settlements were extended pro-\\ngressively from the timber lines, until now the whole intervening\\nspace is covered with blooming fields. The monotony of the former\\nwaste, prairie landscape is relieved with school-houses, churches,\\nvillages, groves, orchards and cheerful farm buildings. Public roads\\nand railways, lined in with fence or hedge, have supplanted the\\ntrails of the Indian and the paths of wild animals. The prairie fires\\nno longer light up the evening sky, as in the days of yore. A popu-\\nlation noted for their intelligence and thrifty toil have carried for-\\nward the beginning made by the early pioneer, and developed the\\nresources of the county, and given it a position among the foremost\\nin the state.\\nWe will now look at Danville, and see how it appeared in the\\nsecond year of its existence. The first houses erected here may be\\nassigned to the following respective localities George Wier, where\\nMill street crosses the L, B. and W. Ry.; Seymour Treat, at the\\nwoolen factory Gilbert s Tavern, a double log-house; at the west\\nend of Main street, on the south side; Dan Beckwith s new house\\nin Main street, just west across the ravine from Schroeder s chair", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 327\\nfactory; Beekwith s old pioneer cabin was on the edge of the bluff,\\nnearly on a line between the seminary and the Red Bridge then\\nAmos Williams on the bluff at the foot of Clark street; next, still\\nfollowing the bluffs around, and near the several springs, after the\\nfashion of the old Indian town, was a house near the foot of Walnut\\nstreet; northeast from there, and on Vermilion street, were the\\ncabins of Hezekiah Cunningham and John H. Murphy across the\\nstreet and south of the alley was Dr. Asa R. Palmer s log residence;\\nwest of Vermilion street and on the north side of the square, was a\\ntwo-story hewn log-house, the largest and best building in the town,\\nthe property of George Haworth. The Lincoln Hall block was\\noccupied with a hewn log-house of lesser pretensions, built by the\\nsheriff, William Reed, who designed it for a residence, though, as\\nwe shall see directly, it was put to a more public use. Part of the\\nground now covered by Mrs. Sch mitt s block was graced with Beas-\\nley s blacksmith-shop, though shortly afterward it was purchased by\\nLeander Rutledge, and converted into the first manufactory in the\\ncounty, where the lathe, run by foot, turned out bedstead posts,\\ntable and chair rounds, to the astonishment of the settlers, when\\nthey saw how real furniture was made. There were several other\\nbuildings besides those enumerated, but which the writer, at this late\\nday, has not been able to definitely locate. There were not exceed-\\ning eleven or twelve families, including the heads of those we have\\nnamed, living in Danville at this time. The streets had not been\\nlined nor cut out as yet. A stranger going through would have seen\\nthe houses scattered around, without any apparent order, some of\\nthem hidden in clumps of bushes and if the day was pleasant, and\\nearly in the week, the stranger might have seen Mrs. Rutledge s\\nwashing out drying 1 upon the limbs of the small trees on Main\\nstreet, in front of her good man s door. He then could have fol-\\nlowed the only traveled road, which led a zig-zag course, across lots,\\nin a northwest direction, to the woolen factory.\\nThe county commissioners court, like our former county seats,\\nitinerated around a good deal before the place for the transaction\\nof public business became permanently fixed. The first meeting of\\nthe Board composed of John D. Alexander, Achilles Morgan and\\nJames D. Butler was on the 6th of March, 1826, at Butler s house,\\nnear Catlin. On the 18th of the same month another session was\\nheld there, at which time was selected the first grand jury which\\never served for the county. We give the names, as the time will fix\\na date prior to which we may know the citizenship of some of the\\nearly settlers, who served the county in a responsible, judicial capac-", "height": "3461", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "328 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nity, viz John Haworth, Henry Canaday, Barnett Starr, Robert\\nDixon, Edward Doyl, John Cassaday, James McClewer, Alexander\\nMcDonald, Henry Johnson, Henry Martin, Jonathan,. Haworth,\\nWilliam Haworth, Jacob Brazelton, Peleg Spencer, sr., Isaac M.\\nHoward, Robert Trickle, John Current, John Lamm, Francis Whit-\\ncomb, Amos Wooden, Jesse Gilbert, Cyrus Douglas, Harvey Lud-\\ndington and George Beckwith.\\nAt the September term, 1826, a new board appears, the names\\nof Asa Elliott and James McClewer taking the place of Butler and\\nAlexander. On the first Monday of June, 1827, the commissioners\\nmet at the house of Asa Elliott and, on the first Monday of Sep-\\ntember following, at the house of Amos Williams, in Danville. Here\\nthe affairs of the county were conducted until the county purchased\\nthe log-house built by Reed, on the Lincoln Hall lot, with the design\\nof fitting it up for public use This was the first court-house. It\\ndid not stand on the corner now known as Short s Bank, as supposed\\nby some, but on the west side of the same lot near the alley. It\\nwas one story high, with space for a low attic above, about sixteen\\nfeet square, and made out of heavy logs, hewn inside and out. Sub-\\nsequently the county sold it, with the lot, to Hezekiah Cunningham,\\nwho agreed to provide the county, for the term of two years, unless\\nthe new court-house should be completed before that time, with a\\nplace for holding courts, etc., in the upper story of the large frame\\nbuilding erected by Cunningham and Murphy, on the southwest cor-\\nner of the Public Square, and which was only removed a few years\\nago to make place for the splendid brick block of E. B. Martin. The\\nfirst court-house was removed, some years after Cunningham pur-\\nchased it, to a lot on the corner of North and Hazel streets, where,\\nin after years, it was weather-boarded, and formed the prominent\\nfeature of the wings attached to it on the east and north by James\\nParmer. It, with its attachments, remained here until May or June,\\n1876, when the whole was destroyed by fire.\\nAt the December term, 1830, the county board ordered notice to\\nbe given for the reception of plans and bids for a permanent court-\\nhouse. Nothing, however, was done until December of the follow-\\ning year, when notice was again given, declaring that at the next\\nterm of the court bids would be received. The records show that\\nwork was begun on the new court-house early in 1832, and prosecuted\\nwith vigor throughout that year. Guerdon S. Hubbard still living,\\nand well known to all our old citizens was the contractor and\\nJohn H. Murphy, the active superintendent in charge of the work,\\nto whom special credit is due for the interest he manifested in, and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 329\\nthe integrity with which he discharged his trust. The brick were\\nmostly made by Norman D. Palmer, at his farm, northwest of the city.\\nThe building was completed in 1833, and was used for nearly forty\\nyears by the county, and until its destruction by fire in 1872. It\\nstood on that part of the Public Square, now included between the\\nwings of the present court-house, on the east and north, and the side-\\nwalks of Main and Vermilion streets on the south and west. It was\\na two-story brick building, some forty or fifty feet square, with main\\nentrances on the south and west sides, and a door on the north. The\\nlower story was in one room for court purposes the upper part was\\ndivided into four rooms for the convenience of juries, etc.\\nThe old building in its time was honored by the presence of some\\nof the most noted persons in our nation, called thither either in the\\ncapacities of judges or counsel. Judge Treat, now of the United\\nStates circuit court, Judge David Davis, of the United States senate,\\npresided here as our circuit judges. Col. E-. D. Baker, afterward\\ngovernor of Oregon, and who was killed at Ball s Bluif, Virginia,\\nduring the rebellion, and Edward Hannigan, of Indiana, whose repu-\\ntation as an orator was national, have filled its walls with their elo-\\nquence. Here has the musical voice of Leonard Swett, the sparkling\\nwit of Usher F. Linder, and the dramatic magnetism of D. W. Vor-\\nhees, often charmed jurors and spectators. The immortal Lincoln,\\nduring the many years he itinerated the circuit, regularly attended\\nthe Vermilion courts, and in the course of a long, successful and\\nscrupulously honest practice of his profession, became personally\\nacquainted with, and warmly attached to, almost every man in the\\ncounty.\\nIn due time after the old court-house burned the board of super-\\nvisors began maturing plans for a new building. First they appoint-\\ned a committee, consisting of two of their number, Bradley Butter-\\nfield, of Butler township, and Henry Talbot, of Sidell, with whom they\\nassociated the writer, making a committee of three. Under their\\ninstructions the committee examined three court-houses in Illinois,\\none in Michigan and two in Indiana, and spent much other time in\\ncollecting information as to what errors should be avoided and what\\nadvantages should be secured in the construction of the new court-\\nhouse. It was the announced desire of the board of supervisors\\nthat the new building should be located on the spot it now occupies,\\nthe county having owned the ground since the donation in 1827.\\nThe peculiar shape of the ground, being barely sufficient for it,\\nnecessarily determined the shape of the building, a fact which the\\ncommittee took pains to impress upon the several architects whom", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "330\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthey invited to submit plans. This explanation is made to answer\\nthe ever-recurring inquiries, Why was the new court-house built in\\nthe shape it is Why was it not constructed after the usual manner\\nof public buildings The limited quantity of ground owned by the\\ncounty, and the number and size of the rooms required for courts,\\noffices, vaults, etc., for the present and future wants of the county,\\nwould admit of a structure of no other form or proportion. The\\ncommittee found only one architect,- E. E. Myers, of Detroit, Mich-\\nigan, out of the twelve or thirteen with whom they conferred, who\\nsuccessfully solved the problem, and his plans the committee recom-\\nmended to the board, by whom they were unanimously adopted,\\nafter first having examined those of the other architects. The build-\\nVEKMILION COUNTY COURT-HOTSE.\\ning was erected under the supervision of an efficient committee,\\nwhose names appear in another part of this work. The supervisors\\nas a body, as well as those of their members who comprised the com-\\nmittee, are to be commended for the zeal and fidelity with which they\\nmanaged the public funds in erecting both the new court-house and\\nthe jail. It can be said to their credit, an unusual thing in the\\nhistory of many other counties in the construction of public build-\\nings, that not a dollar was misapplied, and the contractors in both\\ninstances were strictly held to the terms of their engagements, and\\nno part of the work, from foundation to top, was allowed to be\\nslighted in the least. Indeed, Vermilion county, as a rule that has\\nscarcely had an exception, has been singularly fortunate in the char-\\nacter, ability and integrity of her public servants.\\nEARLY SCHOOLS.\\nThe first school in Danville was taught in Haworth s smoke-\\nhouse, a little structure ten or twelve feet square. It was made of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 331\\nlogs, without a floor, and its only openings were the door and a\\nsquare hole cut at the opposite side for light and ventilation. It\\nstood west of Haworth s house, and back some distance north from\\nthe line of the sidewalk, on the ground now partially covered by\\nthe room occupied by Baum s drug store. Mrs. Lucy Russell, wife\\nof Sam. Russell, and a daughter of Solomon Gilbert, was one of\\nthe scholars, as were also her brother, Othneal Gilbert, and two or\\nthree of her sisters. Dr. Norten Beckwith was the teacher. The\\nscholars numbered some eight or ten. After this a school-house\\nthe first built expressly for that purpose was constructed upon a\\nlot on south Hazel street, and northwest from Wright s mill, set\\napart by the county commissioners for educational purposes. It was\\nmade of small logs, about twelve by fifteen feet in size, covered\\nwith clapboards, the chimney was upon the outside, built up with\\nstone and sticks, and mudded after a fashion of a Kentucky\\ncabin, the opening occupied nearly the whole of one side of the\\nbuilding. At first it had no floor; subsequently a floor was laid\\nwith puncheons, as the outside slab or first cut sawed off of a\\nlog was called. The seats were made of the same material, smooth\\nside up, supported on wooden legs. Among the teachers who taught\\nhere at different times can be named Harvey Luddington and Enoch\\nKingsbury. Uncle Harvey also taught a Sunday-school here. At a\\nlater day James A. Davis reached Danville, without anything except\\nthe wearing apparel upon his person, having lost all his effects com-\\ning up the Wabash on a boat. Among strangers, and out of means,\\nbut with a determination that has always inspired him to do some-\\nthing, he looked around at once for a job. Dr. Beckwith finding\\nthat Davis possessed a remarkably good education, said he was just\\nthe man that Danville needed. He wrote up a paper and circulated\\nit through the town, and raised a list of scholars, and Davis opened\\na school at once in the log cabin. Being a man of energy and a\\nthorough disciplinarian, this sterling Englishman soon acquired the\\nreputation of a successful teacher, which he so worthily retained in\\nthe county for many years afterward.\\nFrom Vermilion street a little way south of the square, a trail\\nled off southeast across lots to the school-house. It was obscured\\nby thick hazel bushes, whose branches interlocked overhead. The\\nteachers and scholars (as Mr. Davis, Mr. Luddington, Mrs. Manning,\\nMrs. Russell and others have told the writer) would have to part the\\nbushes in some places with their hands to effect a passage.\\nThe temporary first school-house was burned up. A Mr. Henry\\nBlunt had collected some two hundred venison hams and stored", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "332 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthem in Haworth s smoke-house, where he was smoking and drying\\nthem, intending to ship them to New Orleans by flat-boat. Some\\nof the mischievous men about the town (and they were all alike in\\nthat respect, and did not stop at carrying with a high hand if any fun\\nwas to be had out of the undertaking) amused Blunt at a neighbor-\\ning grocery one evening, while their confederates fired the building.\\nThe alarm was not given until the blaze was fairly under way, when\\nBlunt and those keeping his company hurried over, too late to save\\nthe property. Blunt supposed, of course, that the fire was acci-\\ndental, and had caught from the smudge with which he was curing\\nhis meat. Although his anticipated speculation was spoiled, yet\\nvenison half roasted or otherwise was quite cheap in Danville. The\\nmarket was fairly glutted with it.\\nThe next school-house was the one built by Amos Williams, on\\nhis own ground, and at his own expense, on the west side of Frank-\\nlin street, just north of Leonard s planing-mill. This was fully\\ntwenty feet square, some twelve or fourteen feet high in the clear,\\nand constructed out of logs hewn inside and out. It had a door\\nand two windows fronting east, and was further lighted with a row\\nof three or four 8 X 10 window lights in width, and extending nearly\\nthe length of the three other sides. The floor was made of sawed\\nplank, matched and evenly laid. In winter time a stove occupied\\nthe center of the room. A double row of seats (one of which was\\nin front, low down, next to the floor, and the other raised up like a\\ngallery, some three or feet back of and above the first, with the\\nwall behind and sloping desks in front) extended around three sides\\nof the room, with openings cut near the middle of each row, and\\nprovided with steps, so the scholars could ascend to the higher plat-\\nform. Here the three months* schooV* was held for many years,\\nand until a better system of education was adopted, and more pre-\\ntentious buildings were constructed.\\nIf the boys, who for the most part ran wild in the streets,\\nshould see a stranger coming into town dressed in gloss-worn\\nbreeches and a shabby-genteel coat, with the ancient rents neatly\\npatched, and his other worldly effects tied up in a bandana handker-\\nchief, and suspended at the end of a walking-stick over his shoulder,\\nthey would become alarmed. There was no mistaking the appear-\\nance and garb of the itinerant school-master, and if he could cipher\\nas far as the rule-of-three his presence foretold that a three-months\\nschool would probably be taken up. Soon after this the Street\\nArabs might be seen gathered at the old school-house, the smaller\\nones, in tow-linen breeches, seated in a row upon the lower benches,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 333\\ntheir bare feet blackened and cracked open with seams from exposure\\nto wind and weather. The larger boys were perched upon the seats\\nabove. Here the unruly were regularly thrashed through the rudi-\\nments, and were always in a state of semi-rebellion, while those,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nand they were very few, who were more submissive and well be-\\nhaved were allowed to do pretty much as they pleased, so far as get-\\nting their lessons well was concerned. There was little or no confidence\\nor sympathy between teacher and scholar. As a rule, the former was\\nbrutal, and believed, as he practiced to the letter, the doctrine that\\nl to spare the rod was to spoil the child, while the latter resented\\nas they smarted under such inhuman treatment. Those who have\\nsurvived this kind of an education can and do congratulate the chil-\\ndren of to-day as they contrast the past with the present system of\\nteaching. The big girls also occupied places upon the higher\\nseats. A few of these u big girls, 1 at least, they then seemed quite\\nlarge to the writer, are still living. Among them might be men-\\ntioned the wives of Judge Davis, Hon. J. G. English, Dr. Woodbury\\nand Mr. Manning. In another part of the work has been noted the\\nprogress made in the manner of conducting schools since the time\\nwhen the children were emancipated from the tyranny of the trav-\\neling school-master. 1\\nDAN W. BECKWITH.\\nThe name of this pioneer is so frequently referred to in connec-\\ntion with the early settlers that the writer may here state that Dan\\nW. Beckwith was born in 1795, in the present limits of Bedford\\ncounty, Pennsylvania. His father was among the Connecticut set-\\nlers, from New London, in the valley of the Wyoming, and his\\nmother was a survivor of the Wyoming massacre, being a little girl\\nat the time the Indians destroyed the inhabitants of the valley. Dan\\nwas one of a family of six brothers and two sisters. Three of his\\nbrothers lived in Vermilion county at an early day, viz Jefferson\\nH., called Hiram; Norten, the doctor; Sebastian and George M.\\nGeorge and Dan left New York state, whither their father had emi-\\ngrated from Pennsylvania some years before, and reached Fort Har-\\nrison as the so-called Harrison Purchase was being surveyed, in the\\nsummer of 1816. From Yigo county the two brothers went on to the\\nNorth Arm prairie in 1818, and were living with Johnathan Mayo s\\nfamily at the time Illinois was admitted as a state into the Union.\\nFrom there they came to the salt works in the fall of the next year.\\nGeorge was a citizen of the county until 1834, when he opened a\\nfarm on the Kankakee, a mile below the mouth of Rock Creek,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "334 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwhere he died some twenty years ago. Dan W. died at Danville in\\nDecember, 1835. The writer has no personal recollection of him\\nbut from descriptions given by many citizens still living, the deceased\\nwas a man fully six feet two inches in height, broad, square shoul-\\ndered and straight, spare of flesh, though muscular, and weighing\\nwhen in health about a hundred and ninety pounds. He was, like\\nhis brother, an expert axrnan, and a pioneer, as his people for three\\ngenerations back before him had been. His first mercantile venture\\nwas an armful of goods suitable for Indian barter, which he kept in\\na place partly excavated in a side of the hill at Denmark, as early,\\nprobably, as the year 1821. Subsequently he built a log hut on the\\nbrow of the hill, a little west of south of the Danville Seminary.\\nHis next store room was just west of the elm tree at the west end of\\nMain street. He was county surveyor from the time of the organi-\\nzation of the county until his death.\\nGURDON S. HUBBARD.\\nThe writer deems it but just to refer to another early settler,\\nwhose name, like the last, is not found in the township histories.\\nWe allude to Col. Gurdon S. Hubbard. He is a native of Vermont.\\nAt the age of sixteen years he left Montreal, to come west and en-\\ngage in business for the American Fur Company, whose headquarters\\nwere at Mackinaw. He reached Chicago some time in October,\\n1818, by way of the lakes, following the route of the great discov-\\nerer La Salle. He crossed our county early the following year. The\\ntrading posts of the Illinois brigade of the American Fur Company\\nwere on the Iroquois, the Embarrass and Little Wabash. Mr. Hub-\\nbard followed the Indians in their hunting rounds, and in this way\\nacquired an early knowledge of all the country between the Wabash\\nand Illinois Rivers, as far north as Chicago and as far south as Vin-\\ncennes. In 1824 he succeeded Antonin Des Champs, who for nearly\\nforty years before had charge of the company s trade between the\\nIllinois and Wabash, and abandoned the posts on the Illinois, and\\nintroduced pack-horses in the place of boats, using the Hubbard s\\ntrace, as his trail from Chicago to the salt works was called, to\\nconduct the fur trade. In 1827 he abandoned the posts on the Em-\\nbarrass and Little Wabash, and shortly after constructed the first\\nframe building a store house ever erected in Danville or the\\ncounty. It is still standing on the south side of the public square,\\nopposite Martin s block. This became the headquarters of the\\nIndian fur trade in this part of the country. Among his clerks were\\nSamuel Russell and William Bandy, both living. He had also with", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 335\\nhim three Frenchmen, viz Noel Vassar, Nicholas Boilvin and\\nToussaint Blean. Boilvin married a daughter of Dr. Woods, and\\nBleau a daughter of Dr. A. R. Palmer.\\nThe Indians would tile into town on their ponies, sometimes fifty\\nor a hundred, with their furs, their squaws and pappooses, when\\ntrade at-IIubbard s corner would be unusually lively for a few days.\\nThe Indians would camp on the bluff east of Walnut street or farther\\ndown toward the railway bridge, where they would enjoy themselves\\nand feast on bread made out of flour, and upon meat and other\\nluxuries, for which they had exchanged their furs. Mr. Bandy re-\\nlates many ludicrous incidents that occurred during his connection\\nwith Hubbard s trading house.\\nIn 1832, the fur trade having declined on account of the scarcity\\nof fur-bearing animals in, and the dispersion of the Indians from,\\nthis section of country, Col. Hubbard converted his stock into\\nwhite goods, as merchandise suitable for white people were called\\nto distinguish them from the kind adapted to the Indian trade.\\nDuring the same year he sold out his stock to Dr. Fithian, and in\\n1833 took up his permanent residence in Chicago, where he still\\nlives, hale and genial as ever. The old records of the county, and\\nthe archives of early laws at Springfield, abundantly illustrate the\\nactivity and energy of this remarkable and public-spirited man.\\nWhile a citizen of this county he was always foremost in every en-\\nterprise calculated to develop the infant resources of the county,\\nand he has retained the same commendable reputation at Chicago\\nfor now almost a half century. As canal commissioner he cast the\\nfirst shovel of earth out of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. Few\\nhands have aided more than his in building up that great city and\\nno man did more than he to give Vermilion county and Danville a\\nstart.\\nWe will now again go back in point of time, as, for the sake of\\nconvenience and brevity, it is preferred in this chapter to treat mat-\\nters topically, rather than in chronological order, and note some\\ntroubles with the Indians, in which citizens of Vermilion county bore\\nan honorable part. The first of these was in 1827, in the so-called\\nWinnebago war, and the second in 1832, in the Blackhawk\\nwar. The Winnebagoes, a tribe that occupied the country in\\nnorthern Illinois and southern Wisconsin, between Green Bay and\\nthe Mississippi, became greatly outraged at indignities committed\\nby some brutish, unprincipled white men in charge of two keel\\nboats ascending the Mississippi river, near Prairie du Chien. We\\ntake the following extract from Ex-Governor Reynolds Life and", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nTime The boatmen landed at a camp of Winnebagoes, not far\\nabove Prairie du Cliien. The boatmen made the Indians drunk and\\nno doubt were so themselves, when they captured some six or\\nseven squaws, who were also drunk. These squaws were forced on\\nthe boats for the most corrupt and brutal purposes. But not satis-\\nfied with this outrage on female virtue, the boatmen took the squaws\\nwith them in the boats to Fort Snelling, and returned with them.\\nWhen the Indians became sober, and realized the injury done them\\nin this delicate point, they mustered all their forces, amounting to\\nseveral hundred, and attacked the boats in which the squaws were\\nconfined. The boats were forced to approach near the shore in a\\nnarrow pass of the river, and thus the infuriated savages assailed one\\nboat, and permitted the other to pass down during the night. It\\nwas a desperate and furious fight for a few minutes, between a good\\nmany Indians, exposed in open canoes, and only a few boatmen,\\nprotected to some extent by their boat. The savages killed several\\nwhite men and wounded v many more, leaving barely enough to navi-\\ngate the boat. The boat got fast on the ground, and the whites\\nseemed doomed but with great exertion, courage and hard fighting\\nthe Indians were repelled. In the battle the squaws escaped to their\\nhusbands, and, no doubt, the whites did not try to prevent it. Thus\\ncommenced and ended the bloodshed of the Winnebago war.\\nBlood had been shed, and, as a consequence, every Winnebago be-\\ncame the enemy of every white person. War parties were fitted\\nout, who attacked, indiscriminately, every white person within their\\nreach. One of these parties, led by the distinguished Red Bird,\\nkilled and scalped two men and a child, and the inhabitants within\\nthe territory above described became at once greatly alarmed. The\\nPottawatomies about Chicago and westward of there sympathized\\nwith the Winnebagoes, and were upon the eve of openly joining\\nthem. The federal government ordered a movement of troops under\\nGen. Atkinson, while Gov. Edwards, of Illinois, ordered out a regi-\\nment, with instruction for them to march to Galena. It was while\\nthese movements were being matured and executed that the inhab-\\nitants at Fort Dearborn became greatly distressed over their threat-\\nened destruction, and dispatched Col. Hubbard to Vermilion county\\nfor troops. Col. Hubbard left Chicago in the afternoon, and reached\\nhis trading-post, on the Iroquois, that night in the rain. He pushed\\non to Sugar Creek, which he found swollen beyond its banks, which\\nobliged him to wait until daylight. The same day he reached Spen-\\ncer s, two miles south of Danville, from whence runners were dis-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 337\\npatched to the settlements on the little Vermilion. Here follows\\nthe narrative of H. Cunningham.\\nhezekiah Cunningham s narrative relating to the winnebago\\nwar.\\nHere follows the narrative of Mr. Cunningham I was out in the\\nWinnebago war. Myself, Joshua Parish, now living at Georgetown,\\nAbel Williams, living near Dallas, and almost ninety years old, and\\nGurdon S. Hubbard, of Chicago, are the only survivors, according\\nto the best of my present information.\\nIn the night-time, about the 15th or 20th of July, 1827, I was\\nawakened by my brother-in-law, Alexander McDonald, telling me\\nthat Mr. Hubbard had just come in from Chicago with the word that\\nthe Indians were about to massacre the people there, and that men\\nwere wanted for their protection at once. The inhabitants of the\\ncounty capable of bearing arms had been enrolled under the militia\\nlaws of the state, and organized as The Vermilion County Battal-\\nion, in which I held a commission as captain. I dressed myself and\\nstarted forthwith to notify all the men belonging to my company to\\nmeet at Butler s Point (six miles southwest of Danville), the place\\nwhere the county business was then conducted and where the militia\\nmet to muster. The captains of the other companies were notified,\\nthe same as myself, and they warned out their respective companies\\nthe same as I did mine. I rode the remainder of the night at this\\nwork up and down the Little Vermilion.\\nAt noon the next day the battalion was at Butler s Point. Most\\nof the men lived on the Little Vermilion River, and had to ride or\\nwalk from six to twelve miles to the place of rendezvous. Volunteers\\nwere called for, and in a little while fifty men, the required number,\\nwere raised. Those who agreed to go then held an election of their\\nofficers for the campaign, choosing Achilles Morgan, captain Major\\nBayles, first lieutenant, and Col. Isaac R. Moores as second. The\\nnames of the private men, as far as I now remember them, are as\\nfollows George M. Beckwith, John Beasley, myself (Hezekiah Cun-\\nningham), Julian Ellis, Seaman Cox, James Dixon, Asa Elliot, Francis\\nFoley, William Foley, a Mr. Hammers, Jacob Heater, a Mr. Davis,\\nEvin Morgan, Isaac Goen, Jonathan Phelps, Joshua Parish, William\\nReed, John Myers Little Vermilion John John Saulsbury, a\\nMr. Kirkman, Anthony Swisher, George Swisher, Joseph Price, George\\nWeir, John Vaughn, Newton Wright and Abel Williams. Many of\\nthe men were without horses, and the neighbors who had horses and\\ndid not go loaned their animals to those who did. Still there were", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfive men wlio started afoot, as there were no horses to be had for\\nthem. We disbanded, after we were mustered in, and went home\\nto cook five days rations, and were ordered to be at Danville the\\nnext day.\\nThe men all had a pint of whisky, believing it essential to mix a\\nlittle of it with the slough water we were to drink on our route. Abel\\nWilliams, however, was smart enough to take some ground coffee\\nand a tin cup along, using no stimulants whatever. He had warm\\ndrinks on the way up to Chicago, and coming back all of us had the\\nsame.\\nWe arrived at the Yermilion River about noon on Sunday, the day\\nafter assembling at Butler s Point. The river was up, running, bank\\nfull, about a hundred yards wide, with a strong current. Our men\\nand saddles were taken over in a canoe. We undertook to swim our\\nhorses, and as they were driven into the water the current would\\nstrike them and they would swim in a circle and return to the shore\\na few rods below. Mr. Hubbard, provoked at this delay, threw off\\nhis coat and said, Give me Old Charley, meaning a large, steady-\\ngoing horse, owned by James Butler, and loaned to Jacob Heater.\\nMr. Hubbard, mounting this horse, boldly dashed into the stream,\\nand the other horses were quickly crowded after him. The water\\nwas so swift that old Charley became unmanageable, when Mr.\\nHubbard dismounted on the upper side and seized the horse by the\\nmane, near the animal s head, and swimming with his left arm,\\nguided the horse in the direction of the opposite shore. We were\\nafraid he would be washed under the horse, or struck by his feet and\\nbe drowned but he got over without damage, except the wetting of\\nhis broadcloth pants and moccasins. These he had to dry on his\\nperson as we pursued our journey.\\nI will here say that a better man than Mr. Hubbard could not\\nhave been sent to our people. He was well known to all the settlers.\\nHis generosity, his quiet and determined courage, and his integrity,\\nwere so well known and appreciated that he had the confidence and\\ngoodwill of everybody, and was a well-recognized leader among us\\npioneers.\\nAt this time there were no persons living on the north bank of\\nthe Vermilion River near Danville, except Robert Trickle and\\nGeorge Weir, up near the present woolen factory, and William Reed\\nand Dan Beckwith the latter had a little log cabin on the bluff of\\nthe Yermilion, near the present highway bridge, or rather on the\\nedge of the hill east of the highway some rods. Here he kept store,\\nin addition to his official duties as constable and county surveyor.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 339\\nThe store contained a small assortment of such articles as were suit-\\nable for barter with the Indians, who were the principal customers.\\nWe called it The Saddle-bags Store, because the supplies were\\nbrought up from Terre Haute in saddle-bags, that indispensable\\naccompaniment of every rider in those days, before highways were\\nprovided for the use of vehicles.\\nMr. Reed had been elected sheriff the previous March, receiving\\nfifty-seven out of the eighty votes that were cast at the election, and\\nwhich represented about the entire voting population of the county\\nat that time. Both Reed and Dan wanted to go with us, and after\\nquite a warm controversy between them, as it was impossible for\\nthem both to leave, it was agreed that Reed should go, and that\\nBeckwith would look after the affairs of both until Reed s return.\\nAmos Williams was building his house at Danville at this time, the\\nsale of lots having taken place the previous April.\\nCrossing the North Fork at Denmark, three miles north of Dan-\\nville, we passed the cabin of Seymour Treat. He was building a\\nmill at that place, and his house was the last one in which a family\\nwas living until we reached Hubbard s trading post, on the north\\nbank of the Iroquois River, near what has since been known as the\\ntown of Buncombe, and from this trading house there was no other\\nhabitation, Indian wigwams excepted, on the line of our march until\\nwe reached Fort Dearborn.\\nIt was a wilderness of prairie all the way, except a little timber\\nwe passed through near Sugar Creek and at the Iroquois.\\nLate in the afternoon we halted at the last crossing of the North\\nFork, at Bicknell s Point, a little north of the present town of Ross-\\nville. Here three of the footmen turned back, as the condition of\\nthe streams rendered it impossible for them to continue longer with\\nus. Two men who had horses also left us. After a hasty lunch we\\nstruck out across the eighteen-mile prairie, the men stringing out on\\nthe trail Indian file, reaching Sugar Creek late in the night, where\\nwe went into camp on the south bank, near the present town of\\nMilford.\\nThe next day before noon we arrived at Hubbard s Trading\\nHouse, which was on the north bank of the Iroquois, about a quar-\\nter of a mile from the river. A lot of Indians, some of them half\\nnaked, were lying and lounging about the river-bank and trading\\nhouse and when it was proposed to swim our horses over, in ad-\\nvance of passing the men in boats, the men objected, fearing the\\nIndians would take our horses, or stampede them, or do us some\\nother mischief. Mr. Hubbard assured us that these savages were", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "340 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfriendly, and we afterward learned that they were Pottawatomies,\\nknown as Hubbard s Band, from the fact that he had long traded\\nwith and had a very great influence over them.\\nIt is proper to state here that we were deficient in arms. We\\ngathered up squirrel-rifles, flint-locks, old muskets, or anything like\\na gun that we may have had about our houses. Some of us had no\\nfire-arms at all. I myself was among this number. Mr. Hubbard\\nsupplied those of us who had inefficient weapons, or those of us who\\nwere without them. He also gave us flour and salt pork. He had\\nlately brought up the Iroquois River a supply of these articles. We\\nremained at Hubbard s Trading House the remainder of the day,\\ncooking rations and supplying our necessities. The next morning\\nwe again moved forward, swimming Beaver Creek, and crossing the\\nKankakee River at the rapids, just at the head of the island near\\nMomence; pushing along, we passed Yellowhead s village. The\\nold chief, with a few old men and the squaws and pappooses, were\\nat home the young men were off on a hunt. Remaining here a\\nlittle time we again set out, and, going about five miles, encamped at\\nthe point of the timber on Yellowhead s Creek. The next morning\\nwe again set out, crossing a branch of the Calumet to the west of\\nthe Blue Island. All the way from Danville we had followed an\\nIndian trail, since known as Hubbard s trace. There was no\\nsign of roads the prairies and whole country was crossed and re-\\ncrossed by Indian trails, and we never could have got through but\\nfor the knowledge which Mr. Hubbard had of the country. It had\\nbeen raining for some days before we left home, and it rained almost\\nevery day on the route. The streams and sloughs were full of\\nwater. We swam the former and traveled through the latter, some-\\ntimes almost by the hour. Many of the ponds were so deep that\\nour men dipped up the water to drink as they sat in their saddles.\\nCol. Hubbard fared better than the rest of us that is, he did not\\nget his legs wet so often, for he rode a very tall, iron-gray stallion,\\nthat Peleg Spencer, sr., living two miles south of Danville, loaned\\nhim. The little Indian pony which Hubbard rode in from the Iro-\\nquois to Spencer s was so used up as to be unfit for the return journey.\\nWe reached Chicago about four o clock on the evening of the\\nfourth day, in the midst of one of the most severe rainstorms I ever\\nexperienced, accompanied by thunder and vicious lightning. The\\nrain we did not mind we were without tents, and were used to wet-\\nting. The water we took within us hurt us more than that which\\nfell upon us, as drinking it made many of us sick.\\nThe people of Chicago were very glad to see us. They were ex-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 341\\npecting an attack every hour since Col. Hubbard had left them, and\\nas we approached they did not know whether we were enemies or\\nfriends, and when they learned that we were friends they gave us a\\nshout of welcome.\\nThey had organized a company of thirty or fifty men, composed\\nmostly of Canadian half-breeds, interspersed with a few Americans,\\nall under command of Capt. Beaubien the Americans, seeing that\\nwe were a better looking crowd, wanted to leave their associates and\\njoin our company. This feeling caused quite a row, and the officers\\nfinally restored harmony, and the discontented men went back to\\ntheir old command.\\nThe town of Chicago was composed at this time of six or seven\\nAmerican families, a number of half-breeds, and a lot of idle, vaga-\\nbond Indians loitering about. I made the acquaintance of Robert\\nand James Kinzie, and their father, John Kinzie.\\nWe kept guard day and night for some eight or ten days, when\\na runner came in I think from Green Bay bringing word that\\nGen. Cass had concluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, and that\\nwe might now disband and go home.\\nThe citizens were overjoyed at the news, [and in their gladness\\nthey turned out one barrel of gin, one barrel of brandy, one barrel\\nof whisky, knocking the heads of the barrels in. Everybody was\\ninvited to take a free drink, and, to tell the plain truth, everybody\\ndid drink.\\nThe ladies at Fort Dearborn treated us especially well. I say\\nthis without disparaging the good and cordial conduct of the men\\ntoward us. The ladies gave us all manner of good things to eat\\nthey loaded us with provisions, and gave us all those delicate atten-\\ntions that the kindness of woman s heart would suggest. Some of\\nthem three ladies, whom I understood were recently from JSTew\\nYork distributed tracts and other reading matter among our com-\\npany, and interested themselves zealously in our spiritual as well as\\ntemporal welfare.\\nWe started on our return, camping out of nights, and] reaching\\nhome on the evening of the third day. The only good water we\\ngot going out or coming back was at a remarkable spring bursting\\nout of the top of a little mound in the midst of a slough, a few miles\\nsouth of the Kankakee, I shall never forget this spring jt was a\\ncuriosity, found in the situation I have described.\\nIn conclusion, under the bounty act of 1852 I received a warrant\\nfor eighty acres of land for my services in the campaign above nar-\\nrated.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nTHE BLACK HAWK WAR.\\nWere the writer so inclined, it would not be proper, in a mere\\nlocal history, to enter into all the causes that led to the so-called\\nl Black Hawk War, or detail the movements of the opposing\\nforces over the wide extent of country in which the several cam-\\npaigns of that war were conducted. It will he necessary, however,\\nto premise some facts relating to that war, in order that the reader\\nmay the more readily understand the connection which citizens of\\nthis county may have had with it.\\nAs stated in the general history, the Sauk and Fox Indians owned\\nthe territory north of Rock River, by conquest from ancient Illinois\\ntribes. Their principal village for a long period of time was on the\\nnorth side of Rock River, near its junction with the Mississippi, and\\nthe most populous Indian town within the borders of our state. In\\n1804 a few Indians of this tribe went to St. Louis, where they made\\na cession of lands to the United States, embracing a large extent of\\ncountry, and including the principal village. Subsequently a second\\ntreaty was made, by which the terms of the first were substantially\\nratified. Black Hawk, a chief of great distinction, claimed that\\nneither himself nor the band of which he was the leader, all of them\\nresiding at this village, had any knowledge of this treaty. In 1828,.\\nthe government having previously surveyed, sold to private parties\\na quantity of land in and around Black Hawk s village. The\\nwhite settlers and Indians soon came in collision. Black Hawk s\\nband refused to leave. They destroyed the crops of the white set-\\ntlers, and acted generally in a menacing manner, claiming that the\\nwhite people had no business there. The squatters, in turn, pulled\\ndown the fences where the Indian squaws had planted their corn,\\nand let their stock destroy the crops. The governments, national\\nand state, interfered with a military force, and, without going to the\\nthe extremity of physical force, Black Hawk s band, in 1831, were\\nfinally driven across the Mississippi.\\nBlack Hawk had no love at all for the people of the United\\nStates. His band were active partisans on the side of the British in\\nthe war of 1812. In the winter of 1831-1832, after having solemnly\\nagreed the year before that they would remain peaceably on the west\\nside of the river, Black Hawk and his band recrossed the river and\\ntook possession of their ancient village, having with them, says ex-\\nGov. Reynolds, about five hundred warriors, and women, children\\nand dogs in proportion. Black Hawk had brought his women\\nand children, cooking utensils and all of the personal property of\\nhis band along with him, a circumstance that gives great plausibil-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 343\\nity to his often-repeated avowal, that his intentions were peaceable,\\nand that if his women were not permitted to plant a crop in their\\nold fields, he intended to accept the invitation of the Winnebagoes\\nand plant corn near some of their villages. His presence on the\\neast side of the Mississippi caused the greatest alarm. In fact, the\\nmemorials and petitions addressed to the governor for protection,\\ntogether with his own naming proclamations based thereon, spread\\na panic throughout the whole country. The frontier was threat-\\nened, and the governor promptly called out the militia to protect\\nit. A force of mounted volunteers was soon collected, embracing\\nin its numbers many of the best and most influential citizens in the\\nstate. A concentration of forces, says Benjamin Drake in his Life\\nof Black Hawk, was made at Dixon s Ferry, on Bock Biver, about\\nthirty miles below the encampment of Black Hawk and his party.\\nHad a conference now been sought with the Indians, their prompt\\nsubmission cannot be doubted. Black Hawk, whatever might have\\nbeen his previous expectations, had received no addition of strength\\nfrom other tribes he was almost destitute of provisions had com-\\nmitted no act of hostility against the whites, and with all his wo-\\nmen, children and baggage, was in the vicinity of an army, princi-\\npally of mounted volunteers, many times greater than his own band\\nof braves. He would probably have been glad of any reasonable\\npretext for retracing his precipitate steps. Unfortunately, no effort\\nfor a council was made. A body of impetuous volunteers dashed\\non, without caution or order, to Sycamore Creek, within three miles\\nof the camp of Black Hawk s party. He instantly sent a white\\nflag to meet them, for the purpose of holding a council, and agree-\\ning to return to the west side of the Mississippi. Unfortunately for\\nthe cause of humanity, as well as the good faith of the United States,\\nthis flag was held to be but a decoy. The bearers of it were taken\\ninto camp. Shortly after, says Gov. Reynolds, six armed In-\\ndians appeared on horseback. Without orders some officers and a\\nfew soldiers immediately gave chase, following the armed Indians\\nsome three or four miles, in which two Indians were overtaken\\nand killed. During the skirmish, which extended some four or five\\nmiles over the smooth prairie between the encampment and the\\nmouth of Sycamore Creek, the volunteers at the camp, knowing\\nthat blood was shed, attempted to kill the three unarmed Indians\\nwho had been* taken into custody as hostages under the protection\\nof the white flag. One Indian was killed, but in the dark and con-\\nfusion the other two escaped unhurt. While this fight was going\\non, Black Hawk (wholly ignorant that hostilities had begun, and", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nnot even anticipating any) was at his camp at the time entertaining\\na number of his Pottawatomie friends with a feast on dog meat.\\nThe retreating Indians, says Gov. Reynolds, had almost\\nreached Black Hawk s camp, where the feast was broken up by\\nthe whooping, yelling Indians with the whites at their heels. The\\nuproar alarmed Black Hawk and the Indians at the feast, and they,\\nin a hasty, tumultuous manner, snatched up their arms, mounted\\ntheir horses and rushed out in all the fury of a mad lioness, in\\ndefense of their women and children. Black Hawk took a pru-\\ndent and wise stand, concealing himself behind some woods, it\\nbeing then nearly dark, and suffered the straggling forces of Maj.\\nStillman to approach him. This aged warrior and his baud (all he\\ncould muster at the moment), continues Gov. Reynolds, marched\\nout from their concealment and fell with fury and havoc upon the\\ndisorderly troops of Stillman, who were scattered for miles over the\\nprairie. It was a crisis they fought in defense of all they held\\nmost sacred on earth. Black Hawk turned the tide of war and\\nchased the whites with great fury. Such were the circumstances\\nunder which the first blood in the Black Hawk war was shed, and\\nthe battle became known as Stillman s Defeat.\\nEmboldened by his brilliant success in this engagement, and\\nfinding that he would not be permitted to capitulate, he sent out\\nhis war parties, removed his women and children up Rock River,\\nand a regular border war was commenced. The murders which his\\nmen committed upon the frontier settlers naturally increased the\\nalarm throughout the state, additional volunteers rushed to the seat\\nof war, and the commanding general commenced his military oper-\\nations for a regular campaign. One of Black Hawk s war parties,\\nstriking across the country southeast from Sycamore Creek, fell\\nupon the Hall family at the mouth of Indian Creek, on Fox River,\\na few miles above Ottawa, and most brutally murdered them all\\nexcept two girls, whom they carried off into captivity. At this\\ntime there were a few infant settlements, above Ottawa, and upon\\nthe Du Page River, at Naperville, and along Hickory Creek that\\nempties into the Des Plaines, near the present city of Joliet. There\\nwere no people living nearer those neighborhoods, south and east,\\nthan the settlements in Vermilion county. Hence, the endangered\\nsettlements looked in this direction as the speediest source of relief.\\nThe reader will bear in mind that in those days there were no means\\nof quick transmission of intelligence, and that the people in this\\npart of the state (beyond a few who took the Springfield papers\\nmay have known that Black Hawk was again in Illinois) had no", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 345\\nknowledge of the hostile acts which we have enumerated until in-\\nformed in the following manner: Mr. Kingsbury was conducting\\nreligious services in the upper story of Cunningham s store (which\\nwas used for such as well as for court purposes). The inhabitants\\nof the Fox River country and Hickory Creek were fleeing from\\ntheir homes, says the Rev. R. S. Beggs, in his interesting book,\\nthrough fear of the dreaded enemy. They came with their cattle\\nand horses, some bare-headed and others bare-footed, crying, the\\nIndians the Indians Those that were able hurried on with\\nall speed for Danville. Two or three of them, one without a hat,\\nfound their way to Danville, and on that bright sabbath day, all\\nbreathless with fatigue and fear, alarmed the town and broke up\\nMr. Kingsbury s meeting with the dreadful stories. Fast on this\\ncame the word that Stillman had been defeated. This was soon\\nexaggerated into rumors, supposed at the time to be well grounded,\\nthat all of the white troops had been killed or scattered, and that\\nall of the Indians, having joined Black Hawk s victorious warriors,\\nwould soon be down upon us, destroying, burning and killing in\\nevery direction.\\nTrue there was, as it was afterward learned, no cause for all of\\nthis alarm but at the time the people acted in the full belief that the\\nhour was one of extremest peril. The flying fugitives must be re-\\nlieved at once from the murderous pursuit of the Indians. Not a\\nmoment was to be lost. A call was made for a forlorn force to\\ngo to their assistance. Volunteers were called for, and in less\\nthan two hours, says Col. Othneal Gilbert, thirty-one of us were\\nready and on the march to save the settlers. The families of the\\nadvance expedition hastily cooked them some provisions shot-guns,\\nsquirrel-rifles, flint-lock muskets, and other inferior weapons, were\\ngot together hastily, with which the company were armed. Those\\nwho had no horses were promptly provided by other citizens, who\\ncheerfully loaned them. A meeting was held by the members of\\nthe company for the election of officers, as was customary in all\\nvolunteer expeditions, and commanders chosen for the occasion\\nwithout regard to the position they may have held in the regularly\\nenrolled militia. Dan Beckwith, major of the Vermilion county\\nmilitia, was elected captain, and by three o clock in the afternoon\\nthe men were on the way toward Joliet. Night overtook them at\\nBicknell s Crossing of the North Fork, where they went into camp.\\nThe next morning they went out upon the great prairie, and in the\\ncourse of the day got between the retreating families, which they\\nmet coming this way, and the Indians, who were supposed to be", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nin close pursuit. After passing the fugitives, and seeing no sign\\nof Indians, they pursued their course northward still farther for\\nseveral hours, when they deflected their line of march more to the\\nwest, crossing the Iroquois near Spring Creek, that being the more\\ndirect route to Hickory Creek. They went into camp late, at the\\nclose of a hard day s march. During the next day they crossed the\\nKankakee River, near the present city of that name, and held their\\nway toward the settlements supposed to be in the greatest danger.\\nHoping still to render assistance to other settlers, or rescue their\\nproperty. They went on to Hickory Creek, and scoured the country\\nand groves in that direction. They saw nobody, white or red, ex-\\ncept some Pottawatomies along the Kankakee, who were friendly\\nand personally .known to the officers and many of the men. Aside\\nfrom the fatigue and privations endured, the men met with no\\nincident or loss going or coming. However, they were very near\\none of Black Hawk s war parties, secreted, as they afterward learned,\\nin a grove supposed from its description to be the twelve mile\\ngrove. One evening Dr. Fithian and George Beckwith were sent\\nout as spies to reconnoiter this grove, with instructions to return to\\na designated spot, where it was intended the company should go\\ninto camp for the night. The dusk had fallen as the spies were per-\\nforming the work assigned. They approached quite near the grove,\\nwhen, from some cause they could not explain, their horses were\\nseized with a fright that rendered them entirely beyond the control\\nof their riders. They became frantic at every effort to urge them\\nforward. By this time it was so dark that the scouts deeming it\\nimprudent to penetrate the grove, returned toward the place where\\nthey expected to find their comrades. The latter were alarmed at\\nthe protracted absence of their scouts, not knowing what had be-\\ncome of them and as they approached, the sound of their horses\\nfeet aroused the camp, now all strung with a sense of danger. Who\\ngoes there? rang out in the still night air. Dr. Fithian says that\\nimmediately on hearing the challenge, his ear also caught the click-\\ning sound of the guns as they were being cocked all along the line,\\na few rods in front of them. He answered, quickly as he could,\\nin a choking way, friends to which the reply instantly followed:\\nIf friends, advance at once and give the counter-sign, or we wil\\nblow you to h 1.\\nDr. Fithian tells the writer that Major Beckwith interviewed Black\\nHawk after the war, at Jefferson s barracks, while the latter was held\\na prisoner. Black Hawk there told the Major that a band of his\\nwarriors had been watching the movements of Beckwith s men dur-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 347\\ning the day, and that they were secreted in the grove named on the\\nevening that Fithian and his companion reconnoitered it. The details\\nhere given of the first expedition that went out in the Black Hawk\\nwar is taken from the accounts given to the writer by Alvan Gilbert,\\nwhose lamented death is only of recent occurrence, Dr. William\\nFithian and Samuel Russell, who still survive. They all actively par-\\nticipated in the events respectively narrated by them. The eminent\\nstanding of these gentlemen is so well known that any comments of\\nthe writer would be superfluous.\\nIn the meantime, while the advance corps were out, the Yermil-\\nion county militia were concentrated at Danville, and put upon the\\nmarch. Previous to this Col. Isaac R. Moores had been notified by\\nGov. Reynolds to have his regiment, the Vermilion county militia,\\nin readiness, in the event their services should be required. No\\nmarching orders had been given, and no intimation of hostilities had\\nbeen received. Immediately on the alarm the volunteers got in\\nreadiness, and Col. Hubbard furnished several four-horse wagons,\\nloaded with provisions, for their subsistence. The force consisted of\\nthree hundred mounted men. Every part of the county was repre-\\nsented in this body by many of its best citizens, Col. Hubbard\\namong the number, under command of Col. Moores, John II. Mur-\\nphy acting as his Aide. Many names of these patriotic citizen-sol-\\ndiers will be found in the several township histories and biographical\\nsketches, prepared by other writers. The route of the regiment was\\nby way of Hubbard s trace to his trading-post on the Iroquois, and\\nfrom thence northwest by another Indian trail to Joliet. The first night\\nout the regiment encamped at Bicknell crossing. The next morning,\\nafter they had gotten well out on the prairies, they saw ahead of\\nthem Major Beckwith s command, filing over the dividing ridge, on\\ntheir return. The meeting was very cordial on both sides. Most of\\nBeckwith s company fell right in with the regiment and went on. A\\nfew others, Beckwith among them, returned to Danville to see their\\nfamilies for a moment, when they hastened back, overtook and joined\\nthe regiment. From Joliet Capt. Morgan L. Payne, and his com-\\nmand, were dispatched north gome thirty miles on Du Page River,\\nwith instructions to there erect a block-house and protect property\\nwhich had been abandoned by the inhabitants in their flight. Col.\\nMoores also commenced a fortification at Joliet, and was prosecuting\\nthis work when his command was ordered to Ottawa, the headquar-\\nters of Gen. Atkinson. By this time a much larger force of volun-\\nteers had been mustered in than the state needed. Black Hawk s\\nIndians, except a few straggling war parties, were being closely pur-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsued up Fox River toward the Four Lakes country, as the little lakes\\nin the vicinity of Madison, Wisconsin, were then called. There was\\nno use or room for any more troops, and Col. Moores regiment was\\ndischarged and, except Payne s command, allowed immediately to\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2return home.\\nThe writer will relate a few incidents, the first as told by Col.\\nHubbard and Dr. Fithian. As the regiment was moving from\\nJoliet to Ottawa, Dr. Fithian, Bolilvin, Col. Hubbard and several\\nothers struck across the prairie in advance of the troops, Hubbard\\nleading the way, as he was well acquainted with the country. On\\ntheir way they saw a place where the grass was disturbed, as if by\\nparties who had followed a course nearly at right angles to the direc-\\ntion Hubbard s squad was pursuing. The latter at once followed\\nthis trail, while the regiment, which had now come up, was halted.\\nSoon a pair of saddle-bags was found, then a prayer book, then a\\nminiature portrait. The tall grass was bent and broken down, as if\\na fearful struggle had taken place. A camp kettle was picked up,\\nand just beyond the mutilated remains of a white man. The body\\nwas that of the Dunkard and itinerant preacher, Payne, a man well\\nknown to the early settlers between the Wabash and Illinois Rivers,\\nas a harmless and eccentric religious enthusiast. He had left the\\nvicinity of Naperville having no fears of the Indians, whom he said\\nwould do him no harm. When his friends, tried to dissuade him\\nfrom crossing the county at such a dangerous time, he said, even if\\nthe Indians should show an unfriendly disposition, his fine gray\\nmare could outrun any Indian pony. He was mistaken for falling\\nin with one of Black Hawk s war parties, he was by them most foully\\nmurdered. The Indians scalped off his long flowing white beard,\\nwhich extended quite to his loins, and fastened it to a pole. On the\\ntop of the pole, stuck upright in the ground, they fastened a whisp\\nof grass, pointing in the direction they had gone. The beard and\\nthe grass waved defiantly, as much as to say, We killed this man.\\nThis is our trail. If you white people do not like it, just come on\\nand help yourselves if you can.\\nCapt. Payne, according to instructions, built a fort and block-\\nhouse not a great way from Naperville, and inclosed them with\\nabout one half acre of ground, with a palisade about ten feet high.\\nThe fort was erected about forty rods from the Du Page River, a\\nshort distance west of a large spring. The day after the company\\narrived at Naperville, William Brown and a boy some fifteen years\\nold were detailed to go with a wagon to Butterfield s pasture, some\\ntwo miles from camp, and bring in a lot of clapboards that had been", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 349\\nmade there by some citizen before the Indian disturbances. A party\\nof rive Indians fired upon Brown and the boy. Brown was killed\\nand scalped, the boy escaped to the camp. The Indians captured\\nthe wagon and horses. They cut the harness to pieces, and ran the\\nwagon against a tree, and broke one of the fore wheels. It was the\\nonly wagon the company had. It was mended by Leander Rutledge,\\nand the harness was repaired by somebody else of the company, and\\nboth were brought home. The horses, which were the property of\\nPeleg Spencer, sr., were taken off by the Indians. Young Brown\\nwas the only person from this county killed by the enemy. He was\\nthe son of a widow lady living near Kyger s Mill. The inhabitants\\nabout JSTaperville had fled, seemingly with great precipitation, aban-\\ndoning their property. Mr. JSTapcr had left his store unlocked, with\\na large quantity of goods inside. Cattle and other live stock were\\nroaming about. Mr. Samuel Russell who was assisting in the quar-\\ntermaster s department, informs the writer that Payne s command,\\nas well as the other companies of the regiment in charge of Col.\\nMoores, would take cattle as their necessities required, and issue\\nrequisitions for future payment when the owners might be found.\\nSome seventy women and children, who had escaped to Chicago on\\nthe first attack from the Indians, when the cholera broke out in\\nChicago, were conducted back to Naperville, and placed within the\\nfort for safety. Within a short time after the discharge of Col.\\nMoores forces, Capt. Payne s command was also relieved, when\\nthey returned home, after an absence of between thirty and forty\\ndays. For the account here given of the movements of Capt. Payne\\nthe writer is indebted to Leander Rutledge and Greenville Graves,\\nboth members of Payne s company, and still living.\\nThe early citizens of Vermilion county and Danville, like the\\npresent inhabitants, were not lacking in enterprise. We will give a\\nfew illustrations in support of this assertion. On the 3d of January,\\n1831, they memorialized the governor to secure the location of a gov-\\nernment land office at Danville. The land office was secured. Samuel\\nMcRoberts was the first receiver and J. C. Alexander the register. The\\nland office remained at Danville for a period of nearly twenty-five\\nyears, and contributed largely toward attracting settlers to the county.\\nIn 1832 a postal route was established from Chicago, via Danville, to\\nVincennes, and in 1836 from Danville, via Decatur, to Springfield,\\nand in the same year another postal route was secured from Danville\\nto Ottawa, and a fourth route from Indianapolis, via Danville (Indi-\\nana), Rockville, Montezuma and Newport, to Danville. A few years\\nlater still another mail route was established between Springfield and", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nLa Fayette, via Danville. In this way was Danville and the county\\nconnected with the principal mail routes through the forethought\\nand energy of her citizens. Tlie reader will bear in mind that our\\ncounty and city labored under serious disadvantages as long as the\\nwater or river routes were the only highways of commerce. Being\\nback from the Wabash our farmers and the business men in Danville\\nwere compelled to take their products to river towns and haul all\\nmerchandise and other commodities back. The whole country as far\\nwest as the Sangamon was thus made tributary to and wholly de-\\npendent upon La Fayette, Attica, Covington, Perry ville, Eugene and\\nClinton for their supplies. It was not until after the modern system\\nof transportation by railroads was successfully inaugurated that we\\nwere released from our bondage to the Wabash river or the canal\\nrunning alongside of it. Had the people been less enterprising it is\\ndoubtful if their condition to-day would have been any better, and\\nthat railways were not sooner secured was only because the country\\nwas not then sufficiently developed to justify a construction of these\\ncostly highways.\\nFirst the Danville people tried to slack-water the Vermilion and\\nrender it navigable to its mouth. Failing in this, they petitioned\\ncongress, in company with citizens of other counties, as early as 1831\\nto grant a strip of land between Vincennes and Chicago for a rail-\\nroad. In 1835 a charter was secured for the Chicago Yincennes\\nRailway, and among the charter members appear the names of Grur-\\ndon S. Hubbard (who a few years before had taken up his residence\\nat Chicago), John H. Murphy and Isaac R. Moores, of Danville.\\nThe same year a charter was secured for a railroad from Quincy to\\nthe Indiana state line in the direction of La Fayette, via Springfield,\\nDecatur and Danville, under the name of the Northern Cross Rail-\\nroad. This is now none other than the great Wabash.\\nTHE GREAT WABASH.\\nAt this time our county was ably represented in the legislature\\nby Dr. Fithian. He predicted the financial ruin that would surely\\noverwhelm the state if the legislature persisted in its wild scheme of\\ngeneral internal improvements a project with which the people of\\nthe state then seemed infatuated. When he saw he could not pre-\\nvent the plan from being carried into effect, and that the public\\nmoney was going to be wasted, anyway, he skillfully managed that\\nwork should begin at once on that part of the Northern Cross\\nrunning through his county. Accordingly, a large portion of the\\n$1,800,000 appropriated to the Northern Cross was expended in", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 351\\n1837, 1838 and 1S39 in grading the road-bed from the Champaign\\ncounty line east to the Yermilion, and in the heavy cuts and fills\\nadjacent to that stream, and in erecting the three large abutments of\\npiers standing in or near the river itself. Thus the heaviest and\\nmost expensive part of the road east of the Sangamon was practi-\\ncally finished before the crash came, which put an end to the\\nsystem. Here matters rested until 1853, when the project of\\nextending the railroad from Decatur east across the state was again\\ntaken up. The heavy work previously done by the state in Yermilion\\ncounty was too valuable to be thrown away. It was the lodestone\\nthat drew the iron rails to Danville. This is not all another rail-\\nroad corporation was building a line from Toledo up the Mauraee\\nand down the Wabash. Its projectors had intended, originally, to\\nkeep down on the east side of the Wabash, through Covington, and\\nmake their St. Louis connection by way of Paris. Luckily its pro-\\njectors met the parties who were extending the Great Western rail-\\nroad as the new organization was called in New York, and\\nlearning that the latter road was assured of an early completion to\\nDanville, the former corporation changed their route and crossed\\nthe Wabash at Attica and came on to Danville. The writer may\\nstate, what he knows to be true, that it was the intention of the\\nWabash road to make Danville its terminal point. They did in fact\\noperate the section between Danville and the state line for a spell,\\nin conformity with its agreement. The two corporations disagreed\\nabout a trivial matter, when the Wabash company withdrew to the\\nstate line, compelling the Great Western to follow them. Here they\\nremained for eight years, and until the consolidation of the two\\nroads in 1865, when Danville again became the end of a running\\ndivision.\\nThe first engine that ever ran into Danville was The Pioneer.\\nIt crossed the bridge over the Yermilion River in the latter part of\\nOctober, 1856. The writer had the satisfaction of riding over on the\\nengine with the engineer. The connection with the Wabash con-\\nstruction train was made some five miles northeast of Danville, in\\nMakemson s timber, one cold drizzly day well on toward the last\\nof November. The writer was on the ground, as were a large num-\\nber of other citizens, to see the last spike driven. The next day the\\nWabash engines were in our town, waking up its quiet streets to\\nnew life and busy stir, which has since continued with an ever in-\\ncreasing activity.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nCHICAGO EASTERN ILLINOIS.\\nAlthough this is a comparatively new road it must not be pre-\\nsumed that consequently it should be placed among the list of unim-\\nportant lines, for just the very opposite is the fact. However much\\nolder roads have assumed in the credit of opening up and developing\\nthis part of the state, no less can, in justice, be said of the line under\\nconsideration. Let any one take a map of eastern Illinois published\\nprior to 1870, and he will observe that much of what is now known\\nas the most desirable portions of the state was entirely without rail-\\nroad facilities. Some places through which this line now passes were\\nforty miles from a railroad station. It will therefore be seen under\\nwhat disadvantages this part of the country labored, and a good\\nreason will easily be discovered for its tardy development. Then,\\nalso, the country including this county and much more valuable\\ncountry was cut off entirely from communication with the great me-\\ntropolis of the west, Chicago. It is, therefore, not surprising that\\nso complete and prosperous a road as the Chicago Eastern Illinois\\nrailroad should be built up in eight years, for its construction was\\nan urgent necessity, and it takes no philosopher to comprehend that\\nthe causes which led to the building of the road will ultimately\\nmake it the most important line passing through this section. While\\nnumberless roads have been projected, and many built, in different\\nportions of the state, wherever local pride or an itching for speculation\\ncould secure the needed aid, with few exceptions they have not only\\nproved failures, but have bankrupted and disgusted their patrons.\\nThis line, however, unlike nearly all born under the peculiar law passed\\nby the Illinois legislature but a short time before, has gradually from\\nthe first gained in public favor, and though it received large donations\\nfrom the townships through which it was built, there are few persons,\\nand perhaps none, who regret having aided so worthy an enterprise.\\nThe leading citizens of this county had long felt the necessity of\\na direct outlet for travel and commercial purposes with Chicago, and\\nto that end, in 1868, a bill was passed by the legislature which au-\\nthorized the townships through which it was proposed to run, to\\nvote bonds in aid of its construction. Among the prominent ones in\\nthis county who interested themselves in the project were John L.\\nTincher, H. W. Beckwith and Alvan Gilbert. It was through Mr.\\nTincher s influence that the charter was obtained. The people gen-\\nerally in the eastern part of the county were interested and anxious\\nfor the success of the enterprise. Danville township voted $72,000\\nfor the construction of the road, and $75,000 for the erection of the\\ncar-shops, which are located at that city. Ross township also voted", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 353\\n$24,00(1, and Grant $18,000. In 1871 the road was completed to\\nDanville. J. E. Young, of Chicago, was the contractor, and built\\nthe road. The road was originally bonded for $5,000,000, which\\nrepresents the supposed value at that time, but in consequence of\\ngreat shrinkages in all stocks about that time and since, its actual\\nvalue is probably somewhat less at present. In 1874 the company\\nfailed, and the property was placed in the hands of a receiver, in the\\nperson of Gen. A. Anderson, who continued to manage the affairs\\nof the line until 1877. On the 17th of April of the year named the\\nroad was sold to a new corporation for $1,450,000. The present\\nofficials of the new corporation are F. AY. Huidekoper, of Meadville,\\nPennsylvania, president Thomas W. Shannon, of New York, vice-\\npresident A. S. Dunham, secretary J. C. Calhoun, treasurer O.\\nS. Lyford, general superintendent Robert Forsyth, general freight\\nagent. Mr. Dunham has been connected with the road ever since\\nthe formation of the first company. Mr. J. G. English, of the\\ncity of Danville, is a member of the board of directors.\\nIn 1872 the company then in existence began the construction of\\na branch from Bismark, in Newell township, to Brazil, Indiana. The\\nroad is completed and in running order to the coal-fields in Fountain\\ncounty.\\nThe machine-shops referred to have been built in the northeastern\\npart of the city of Danville, and are in successful operation, employ-\\ning about two hundred hands.\\nThe whole enterprise may now be said to be on a solid basis, and\\nsystematically and successfully conducted. Large expenditures are\\nbeing made for repairs and for the purchase of new material and steel\\nrails. The business of the line, through the discreet management\\nof its present officers, and by a liberal course toward its patrons, is\\nalready very large and rapidly increasing.\\nWithout taking up space to note the many preliminary meetings,\\nconferences, etc., covering a period of four or five years, in which\\nmany citizens of Danville spent a good deal of time and money\\nin aid of the Indianapolis, Crawfordsville Danville, and the\\nDanville, Urbana, Bloomiugton Pekin railroads, we may say\\nthat the first was extended as far west as Crawfordsville late in the\\nyear 1869, while the latter was completed from Pekin to Danville in\\nJanuary, 1870. Trains ran from Danville to Pekin for a period of\\nsome nine months. In the meantime the gap between Crawfords-\\nville and Danville was closed up. The connection of the rails was\\nmade n the prairie some eight miles east of Danville in September,\\n1870, and through trains were put upon the road shortly afterward.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIn November of the following year the route from the Ohio\\nat Evansville to Lake Michigan, at Chicago, was established by the\\ncompletion of the Evansville, Terre Haute Chicago and Chicago,\\nDanville Vincennes railroad lines. Within the next year the\\nLa Fayette, Bloomington Muncie railroad was extended across\\nthe northern part of our county, connecting that most enterprising\\nportion of our population with an eastern outlet for the products\\nof their well-tilled and bountiful fields.\\nAnother enterprise in the way of railroad transportation deserves\\nspecial mention, not so much for the encouragement it received from\\ncitizens of the county, as for the pluck and persistent efforts of its\\nprojectors in putting through an enterprise in the face of the most\\ndiscouraging obstacles. We allude to the narrow-gauge, built\\nalmost entirely through the unaided efforts of Mr. Gifford, and the\\nPenfield Brothers, of Rantoul. This line opens up to market a\\nwide belt of rich agricultural country, extending the entire width\\nof our county and the annual shipments of live stock and grain\\nwould astonish citizens, if they would take the pains to consult the\\nstatistics of the business of this company, and see the enormous\\ntonnage of this seemingly little, though important line.\\nTo the above railroad lines has been added still another, largely\\naided by local subscription, the Paris Danville, giving the\\nsouthern townships of the county long needed facilities.\\nHere, then, we have Vermilion county traversed east and west\\nby no less than four of these great and indispensable arteries of\\ncommunication, and by another trunk line traversing the entire\\n\\\\ength of the county north and south, making in all over one hun-\\ndred and thirty miles of completed track within the limits of the\\ncounty, which is only twenty-two miles broad by forty-two miles\\nlong. There are few, very few, other counties in the state so abun-\\ndantly supplied with railroad facilities as Vermilion, yet the enter-\\nprise of our people is not supplied their demands require still\\nmore railroads and the writer here predicts the early completion\\nof two other roads, one from the southwest part of the county,\\nputting Sidell and Carroll townships in communication with the\\nfocal system at Danville; and the other a branch line from\\nMarysville to Danville. Then every part of the county will be\\nconnected without more than one transfer with Chicago, Toledo,\\nIndianapolis, Evansville, Cairo, Cincinnati and St. Louis, and through\\nthese with all the tide-water ports of the Gulf and the Atlantic.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 355\\nTWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.\\nCONTRIBUTED BY CAPTAIN ACHILLES MARTIN.\\nThe 25th 111. Vol. Inf., three companies of which (A, B and D)\\nwere from Vermilion county, was organized in Vermilion county,\\nJune 1, 1861, and mustered into service at St. Louis, Missouri,\\nAugust 4, 1861, and from there transported by rail to Jefferson\\nCity, Missouri, and thence to Sedalia, Missouri, and marched to\\nSpringfield, Missouri, under Gen. Fremont, in pursuit of Gen.\\nPrice s army, and from thence to Rolla, Missouri, where, with a\\nportion of Fremont s army, it spent the early part of the winter\\nof 1861 and 1862, but returned to Springfield, Missouri, in Feb-\\nruary, 1862, under command of Gen. Siegel, and pursued Gen.\\nPrice s army to Benton ville, Arkansas, where, on the 6th, Yth and\\n8th of March, 1862, the memorable battle of Pea Ridge was\\nfought. The 25th Reg., having been held in support until early\\nmorn of the third day, took the front under the immediate com-\\nmand of Gen. Siegel, in support of the artillery which opened the\\nengagement. After a fierce contest with grape, canister and shell\\nat short range, the enemy s batteries were silenced, and the mem-\\norable order, Up, 25th, Minutes Col. Minutes! was given by\\nGen. Siegel in person, and the next moment the regiment, under\\nthe most terrific fire of musketry, with other troops, charged the\\nenemy in a thick wood, where, after a fierce and deadly contest, the\\nenemy s lines gave way, and the whole army was soon in full\\nretreat, and thus was victory brought out of what but a few hours\\nbefore was considered, by the general commanding, a defeat. The\\nregiment was highly complimented for its gallantry in this (its first)\\nengagement. Then, in connection with the army, it took up the line\\neastward, where, after a long and tedious march, it arrived at Bates-\\nville, in Arkansas, and was there detached from the army, and, with\\nnine other regiments under command of Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, marched\\neastward to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, a distance of two hundred and\\nfifty miles in nine days, having made an average of about twenty-\\neight miles per day. The regiment then, by river transportation,\\njoined Gen. Halleck s army in the siege of Corinth, Mississippi,\\nwhich place was soon evacuated by the enemy and after a short\\nstay in Mississippi marched eastward under command of Gen. Buell\\nby way of Nashville, Tennessee, to Louisville, Kentucky, a distance\\nof nearly five hundred miles, in the month of August, in the most\\nextreme heat and drouth. Here a few days were spent in reorgan-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "356 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nizing the army, when it was ordered in pursuit of Gen. Bragg s\\narmy, then invading Kentucky. Later, the battle of Perryville, or\\nChaplain Hills, was fought between a portion of the two armies,\\nwherein the 25th Reg., and more than sixty thousand other well-\\nequipped soldiers, were compelled to act as spectators in the slaugh-\\nter of a portion of our army under command of Gen. McCook,\\nbecause, the general commanding said, that McCook had brought\\non the engagement without his orders. After this battle the regi-\\nment returned to Nashville, Tennessee, and Gen. Rosecrans put in\\ncommand of the army then known as the Army of the Cumberland,\\nwhich remained at Nashville until the last of December, 1862, when\\nit was advanced to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and met the enemy\\nunder command of Gen. Bragg at Stone River, Tennessee, on the\\n30th of December, 1862, and at the dawning of the 31st the enemy\\nattacked in great force The 25th Reg. being in the unfortunate\\nright wing of our army, was soon sharply engaged, when the charge\\ngrew fierce and deadly. The line on the left of the 25th gave way,\\nand being fiercely assailed in front and left, the regiment was com-\\npelled to change front under a most withering fire. Here the color-\\nbearer was stricken down and the flag lay on the ground, when Col.\\nWilliams, of the regiment (than whom no more worthy patriot has\\ndied), raised the colors with his own hands, and having indicated\\nthe new line to be formed, he planted the flag firmly, and uttered in\\nloud tones his living and dying words: Boys, we will plant the\\nflag here and rally around it, and here we will die The next\\nmoment, with flag-staff in hand, he fell. The regiment, after twice\\nrepulsing the enemy in front, finding itself flanked on both right\\nand left, retired from its position and fell to the rear, leaving more\\nthan one-third of its number dead and wounded on the field. The\\nenemy was finally checked, and the battle continued sullenly until\\nthe 2d of January, 1863, when Gen. Breckenridge made his cele-\\nbrated assault on the left wing of our army. The charge was brill-\\niant beyond comparison. The shock of battle was terrific. Our\\nleft was broken, defeated and driven back. Fresh troops were in\\nlike manner swept away like chaff before the wind. Fifty pieces of\\nartillery were brought to bear on the enemy s right. The earth\\ntrembled and shook as a leaf in the storm beneath the iron mon-\\nsters, as they poured their storm of death into the advancing col-\\numn, and yet their onward march was as the march of destiny,\\nuntil the shout from Gen. Negley rang out Who ll save the\\nleft? The 19th 111., was the reply the 25th 111. being\\nclose in their support. They did save the left, and the 25th held", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 357\\nthe front thus earned until the retreat of the enemy, while the\\nheaps of the enemy s dead testified to gallantry worthy of a better\\ncause. The regiment, in connection with the army, next marched\\nsouth in pursuit of Gen. Bragg s army till it reached the Tennessee\\nRiver, near Stevenson, Alabama. To cross this river in the face of\\nthe enemy and lay the pontoon bridge was given in charge of this\\nregiment alone consequently, at early morn our shore was lined\\nwith skirmishers and a battery of artillery, while the regiment em-\\nbarked in pontoon boats and rowed away to the opposite shore a\\nmile distant, drove the enemy back, laid the bridge and was cross-\\ning the entire army over by eleven o clock a.m. The sight of this\\nlittle circumstance was extremely grand, but the danger great. The\\nregiment next crossed over Sand Mountain and Lookout Mountain\\nand entered into the valley, again engaging the enemy in the terri-\\nble battle of Chickaniauga, Georgia, where it left more than two-\\nthirds of its number among the dead and wounded on the field, all\\nof whom fell into the hands of the enemy. This battle, for severity,\\nstands second to none in the history of the war, and no regiment iu\\nthe engagement suffered greater loss than the 25th 111. The regi-\\nment was next called to meet the enemy at the battle of Chattanooga,\\nunder command of Gen. U. S. Grant, and when the order came to\\nstorm Mission Ridge, the 25th Reg. was assigned the front, or skir-\\nmish line, where it advanced slowly until within a few rods of the\\nenemy s guns, when, with a simultaneous charge, in connection with\\nthe 35th 111., carried the enemy s works, captured their batteries,\\nbroke their lines on Mission Ridge, and made way for a magnifi-\\ncent victory. Along the entire line here again the carnage was great,\\nbut the achievements brilliant in the extreme. The regiment was\\nthen ordered to east Tennessee, where it spent the winter in various\\nunimportant campaigns, and in the spring of 1864 rejoined the Army\\nof the Cumberland, near Chattanooga, under command of Gen.\\nSherman, and started on that memorable campaign to Atlanta,\\nGeorgia, at which place it terminated its service and returned home\\nto be mustered out.\\nDuring the months of this campaign, the endurance of both offi-\\ncers and men of the regiment was taxed to its utmost it was one\\nlong and tedious battle, often violent and destructive, then slow and\\nsullen, both armies seeking advantage by intrenching, manceuvering,\\nflanking and by sudden and by desperate charges, the 25th 111. bear-\\ning its equal burden of the toils, the dangers and losses, as will more\\nfully appear from the following order or address, delivered by Col.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nW. H. Gibson, commanding the brigade, on its taking leave of the\\narmy, at Atlanta, Georgia, August 20, 1864, to wit\\nSoldiers of the Twenty-fifth Illinois Volunteers As your term of\\nthree years service has expired, and you are about to proceed to your\\nstate to be mustered out, it is fitting and proper that the colonel com-\\nmanding should express to each and all his earnest thanks for the\\ncheerful manhood with which, during the present campaign, you have\\nsubmitted to every hardship, overcome every difficulty, and for the\\nmagnificent heroism with which you have met and vanquished the\\nfoe. Your deportment in camp has been worthy true soldiers, while\\nyour conduct in battle has excited the admiration of your companions\\nin arms. Patriotic thousands and a noble state will give you a recep-\\ntion worthy of your sacrifice and your valor. You have done your\\nduty. The men who rallied under the starry emblem of our nation-\\nality at Pea Ridge, Corinth, Chaplain Hills, Stone River, Chicka-\\nmauga, Mission Ridge, Noonday Creek, Pinetop Mountain, Kenesaw\\nMountain, Chattahoochee, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta having\\nmade history for all time and coming generations to admire, your\\nservices will ever be gratefully appreciated. Officers and soldiers,\\nfarewell. May God guarantee to each health, happiness and useful-\\nness in coming life, and may our country soon merge from the gloom\\nof blood that now surrounds it and again enter upon a career of\\nprogress, peace and prosperity.\\nTHIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.\\nCONTRIBUTED BY GEN. J. C. BLACK.\\nThis regiment was recruited in the counties of Lake, La Salle,\\nMcIIenry, McLean, Cook, Vermilion and Rock Island, and was or-\\nganized at Chicago, and mustered into the United States service on\\nthe 18th of September, 1861. Its colonel was Julius White, since\\nmajor-general its major was J. C. Black, now of Danville, Illinois,\\nwho recruited and took to camp Co. K from Vermilion county. The\\nmuster role of Co. K showed representatives from many of the old\\nfamilies of Vermilion county Fithian, Bandy, English, Morgan,\\nClapp, Brown, Henderson, Allison, Conover, Black, Culbertson,\\nJohns, Canaday, Lamm, Myers, Payne, Songer, Thrapp, Delay,\\nFolger, Gibson, Liggett, and others. Some of these representatives\\ndied in service some returned home full of the honors of a well-\\nrendered service, and are to day prominent among our business and\\nprofessional men. Peter Walsh, the late prosecuting attorney;", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n359\\nWilliam P. Black, of Chicago William M. Bandy, editor of the\\nPost, Danville; W. H. Fithian, of Fithian, Illinois; George H.\\nEnglish, and many are farming in this vicinity. These are of the\\nliving. Among the dead we recall Fitzgeral, Marlatt, Reiser, Snider,\\nAdkins, Barnard, Hyatt, Henderson, Stute, Brewer, Conover, George\\nJohns and Jas. Culbertson. These died without fear and without\\nreproach.\\nTHE LEFT WING OF THE 37tH ILLINOIS KEGIMENT AT PEA RIDGE.\\nCo. K. was distinctively the boys company its recruits were\\nmost of them under age at the time of enlistment. In the Memorial\\nHall at Springfield, Illinois, are found only two captured flags one\\nwas taken from the Mexicans at Buena Vista, the other was taken\\nfrom the rebels at the battle of Pea Ridge by the 37th 111. Vol. Inf.\\nThe boys did their share wherever they went. Mustered into\\nservice on the 18th of September, they entered the Department of\\nthe Missouri the next day, and took part in Hunter s campaign\\nagainst Price in southwestern Missouri, marching to Springfield and\\nback to Laurine Caulmint. In the dead of winter, breaking up their\\nencampment, they joined in Pope s campaign against the guerrillas.\\nIn the spring of 1862 the 37th set out on the route for northwestern\\nArkansas, and participated in the bloody battle of Pea Ridge on the\\n6th, 7th and 8th of March, which raged with especial fury on the\\n7th, near Lee town, when the 37th received the charge of McCul-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "360 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nlough s and Mcintosh s column, and when in thirty minutes it lost\\none hundred and twenty men out of an effective present force of\\nseven hundred and fifty but the charge was broken, and the enemy\\nwithdrew.\\nAfter this battle Gen. Custer was ordered to Batesville and\\nHelena with the entire force, except the 37th 111., one battalion of\\nthe 1st Mo. Cav., and one section of the Peoria battery; and until\\nJune this force was kept in the extreme front in the enemy s coun-\\ntry, fifty-five miles in advance of any assistance, feeling the pulse of\\nrebeldom beating daily in this its farthest extremity. Marching and\\ncounter-marching over one hundred miles frontage of mountainous\\nregion, ambushed and bushwhacked day and night, it kept the flag\\nat the front, and always flying. In the summer of 1862 the 37th\\njoined the larger forces. It bore its share in the marches and skir-\\nmishes in southwestern Missouri, and finally, on the 7th day of De-\\ncember, assisted in the terrible fight and brilliant victory at Prairie\\nGrove, where, in the capture of a battery and the assault upon the\\nenemy in their chosen position, the 37th, reduced to three hundred\\nand fifty men, lost seventy-eight killed and wounded but they took\\nthe battery. It returned to St. Louis from there, and were sent to\\nCape Girardeau, whence it started after Gen. Marmaduke, over-\\ntaking him on the banks of the St. Francis River at Chalk Bluffs.\\nThe fight at this point freed southeast Missouri of all rebel forces,\\nand won for the 37th high praise in the reports of the commanding\\ngeneral. They then returned to St. Louis, and joined the forces\\nunder Gen. Grant, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg.\\nFrom this time on, the path of the 37th was away from its Ver-\\nmilion county comrades, the 25th, 35th, 79th, 125th Inf., 4th Cav.,\\nand the old 12th Reg., some of whom swung across the continent,\\nvia Chattanooga and Atlanta, to the sea. The 37th marched to the\\nsouth it fought and beat the rebels at Yazoo City, joined in the\\ncampaign after Forrest from Memphis, and after chasing him out of\\nTennessee via Mississippi, returned and took part in the Red River\\ncampaign in the meantime bearing a light share in the fight near\\nMorganzia Bend. From Duvall s Bluff the regiment was sent, via\\nNew Orleans, to Barrancas and Pollard thence to Mobile, and\\nparticipated in the last great siege of the war, and in its last\\ngreat battle; for Lee surrendered at 10 o clock a.m., and at 5.45\\np.m. of the same day the federal troops assaulted and captured\\nthe Blakele} r batteries. The time occupied from the firing of the first\\ngun until they were in possession was ten minutes the loss was six\\nhundred men on the Union side captured, three thousand prison-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 361\\ners, forty-two cannons and the city of Mobile. In this charge the\\n37th was the extreme left regiment, and Co. K was the extreme left\\nof the entire line, which advancing in a semicircle, struck the rebel\\nworks almost at the same instant along the whole front, the right\\nand left being a little in the advance. After this engagement the\\n37th was removed to the Department of Texas, where it remained\\nuntil August, 1866, being among the last of the United States vol-\\nunteers discharged from service.\\nThe 37th veteranized in 1864. It was in the service five years\\nfrom the time of recruiting it marched and moved four times from\\nLake Michigan to the gulf; it moved on foot nearly six thousand\\nmiles, and journeyed by water and land conveyance nearly ten thou-\\nsand miles more it bore its part in thirteen battles and skirmishes,\\nand two great sieges. The survivors of Co. K are in Oregon, Cali-\\nfornia, Texas, Missouri and Illinois. They, like the vast mass of\\ntheir fellow volunteer soldiers, are, most of them, respected and\\nuseful citizens. May their age grow green and be honorable, and\\ntheir days full of prosperity, is the wish of the chronicler.\\nSEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.\\nCONTRIBUTED BY W. H. NEWLIN AND W. R. LAWRENCE.\\nUnder the call of the President for three hundred thousand vol-\\nunteers, July 6, 1862, Illinois was required to furnish nine regiments.\\nUpon this call the 73d regiment was organized, of which companies\\nC and E were from Vermilion county. Six days after the call, Pat-\\nterson McNutt, Mark D. Hawes and Richard N. Davis began to\\nrecruit a company of infantry in and about Georgetown, and, soon\\nafter, Wilson Burroughs, Charles Tilton and David Blosser com-\\nmenced raising a company near Fairmount. McNutt s company,\\nconsisting of eighty-live men, were assembled on the 23d at George-\\ntown, where they were sworn in by Squire John Newlin. After\\nthis ceremony, McNutt, Hawes and Davis were elected captain, first\\nand second lieutenant, respectively. The next day the men went to\\nthe Y, the present site of Tilton, where they were furnished trans-\\nportation to Camp Butler, arriving there the next morning. With\\nthe exception of a few squads, this was the first company in this\\ncamp under that call. Early in August twenty-one recruits arrived\\nfrom Georgetown, making the total number one hundred and six.\\nAbout this time Capt. Burroughs, having organized his company,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "362 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\narrived with seventy men, which, being recruited from Capt. Mc-\\nNutt s company, made their complement.\\nThe first military duty done at this camp was guarding about\\nthree thousand prisoners, who had been captured at Fort Donelson.\\nToward the latter part of August steps were taken to organize\\nthe regiment, and this was accomplished on the 21st, the regiment\\nnumbering eight hundred and six men James F. Jaques being\\nchosen colonel, Benjamin F. North cott, lieutenant-colonel; \u00c2\u00a5ra. A.\\nPresson, major R. R. Randall, adjutant, and James S. Barger,\\nchaplain. This has been known as the preachers regiment, on\\naccount of the fact that all of the principal officers were ministers of\\nthe gospel. The regiment was the second mustered into service\\nunder the call. Of this regiment McNutt s company was designated\\nC, and was the color company, and Burroughs company, E. On\\nthe 27th the regiment was ordered to the field, and, without arms,\\nthey were transported to Louisville.\\nThe first camp was in the outskirts of Louisville, near the L.\\nN. R.R. depot. After awhile the regiment was armed, and in the\\nearly part of September the camp was moved to a point some four\\nmiles from the city, where a division was formed with the 73d and\\n100th 111. and the 79th and 88th Ind. as one brigade, under the com-\\nmand of Col. Kirk. While in this camp, great commotion was\\ncaused by the defeat of the Union troops at Richmond, Kentucky,\\nand the division was ordered under arms, and made a rapid advance\\nof near a day s march, when, meeting the retreating forces, they\\nreturned to camp.\\nAbout the middle of September the 73d was sent to Cincinnati,\\nto assist in defending it against the threatened attack of Kirby\\nSmith. The regiment returned to Louisville in the latter part of\\nSeptember. A reorganization of the army now caused the 73d to be\\nbrigaded with the 44th 111. and the 2d and 15th Mo., making a part\\nof the division under Gen. Phil Sheridan. On the 1st day of October\\nthe army of one hundred thousand, under Gen. Buell, moved from\\nLouisville to meet Gen. Bragg, who with Kirby Smith was over-\\nrunning the country in that vicinity. The weather was very hot and\\ndry, and here the experience of all new regiments, of disposing of\\nsuperfluous accoutrements such as overcoats, knapsacks, etc., began,\\nand the line of march was strewed with a variety of handy, though\\ndispensable articles. On the 8th Sheridan s division neared Doctor s\\nFork, a fine stream of water near Perryville. The Union soldiers\\nwere anxious to reach this point, and the rebels were determined to\\ncheck their advance, and, from a skirmish, this grew to be a desper-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 363\\nate battle. Through some blonder the 73d was advanced nearly a\\nquarter of a mile in front of the main line, up to the very jaws of a\\nrebel battery, and near the columns of the main rebel infantry. In\\nthe nick of time it was ordered to fall back, and the rebel battery\\nimmediately opening upon them, they obeyed with alacrity, and\\ngained the main line without serious loss. In the fight that ensued\\nthe 73d was in the front line. Co. C had in this fight about seventy\\nmen engaged, of whom John J. Halstead, Zimri Lewis, Josiah\\nCooper, James E. Moore, Samuel Boen, John S. Long, F. M.\\nStevens and D. W. Doops were wounded, Cooper and Lewis subse-\\nquently dying of their wounds. In Co. E, John Murdock lost his\\nlife, and J. M. Dougherty and John L. Moore were dangerously\\nwounded.\\nFrom here the army was marched to Nashville, which place was\\nreached on the 7th of November, and the army went into camp.\\nBy this time Gen. Buell had been succeeded by Gen. Rosecrans.\\nThe campaign through Kentucky and part of Tennessee, though\\nbut of five weeks duration, was an eventful one to the new troops.\\nIt had been almost a continual round of marching, counter-march-\\ning, skirmishing and fighting through a rough country that had\\nalready been stripped of almost everything in the shape of forage.\\nThis sudden baptism into the rugged experiences of war told sadly\\nupon many whose lives had been passed in the quiet scenes of the\\nvillage or farm. During the six weeks encampment at Nashville\\nand Mill Creek, eleven men of Co. C died and thirteen were dis-\\ncharged for disability and of Co.E, ten died and ten were discharged\\nfor disability. Hawes and Davis, of Co. C, resigned on account of\\nsickness, and T. D. Kyger and W. R. Lawrence were promoted to\\nthe vacancies. Lieut. Blosser, of Co. E, resigned, and one Presson\\nwas promoted from another company to fill the vacancy. Less than\\nthree months had elapsed, and the two companies had lost fifty-four\\nmen.\\nOn the 26th of December the camp at Mill Creek was broken,\\nand the march for Murfreesboro was begun in further pursuit of\\nBragg, who had greatly reinforced his army. On the 30th the\\nvicinity of Murfreesboro was reached, and almost immediately skir-\\nmishing began. This was a most hotly contested field, in which,\\nhowever, the Federal troops proved victorious. The 73d lost in\\nthis severely, and the two companies from Vermilion were sufferers,\\nJohn Dye and James Yoho being killed, Lieut. Lawrence and Daniel\\nLaycott taken prisoner, and George Pierce severely wounded.\\nRosecrans was proud of this victory and of the men under his com-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "364 .HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmand, and made a special order providing for a roll of honor, to be\\ncomposed of one name from every company, to be selected by the\\nmembers of the company. Co. C selected Sergt. Wm. H. Newlin.\\nIn June our regiment came in contact with the rebels at a point\\nnear Fairfield, and Alexander Nicholson, of Co. C, was wounded. In\\nAugust, Capt. McNutt resigned, and Lieut. Kyger was promoted\\ncaptain, Second Lieut. Lawrence to first lieutenant, and David A.\\nSmith succeeded to the second lieutenancy. Lieut. Lawrence had\\nreturned in May after a five months absence in Libby Prison.\\nOn the 10th of September the army again advanced toward Chat-\\ntanooga, to dislodge Bragg from that position. In the many engage-\\nments in the vicinity of Chattanooga the 73d took active part, but\\nin the one at Crawfish Springs, on the 20th of September, the bri-\\ngade to which the 73d belonged played a most important part, and\\ndisplayed a degree of bravery seldom equaled contending with\\nand holding in check the massed columns of the rebels at a most\\ncritical moment. Cos. E and C suffered severely. Sergt. John\\nLewis, of C, and color bearer, fell, but held the flag aloft. It was\\ntaken by Corp. Austin Henderson, of Co. C, but he carried it only\\na few steps, when he was wounded. Each of the color-guard, who\\ntook the flag, was either almost instantly killed or wounded. In\\nthis engagement at least a fourth of the brigade had been left on\\nthe field, either dead, wounded or prisoners. Lieut. D. A. Smith,\\nArtemus Terrell and Enoch Smith, of Co. C, were killed. Lieut.\\nLawrence, Sergts. John Lewis and Wm. Sheets, Corp. Henderson,\\nprivates John Burk, Samuel Hewit, John Bostwick, Henderson\\nGoodwine and H. C. Henderson were wounded. Sergt. W. H.\\nNewlin, Enoch Brown, W. F. Ellis and John Thornton were taken\\nprisoners. All of these prisoners, except Newlin, died at Anderson-\\nville prison.* ISTewlin was taken to Danville, Virginia, and about six\\nmonths later made his escape to the Union lines. Of those of Co.\\nC who went into this battle, more than one-third were killed,\\nwounded or captured. Co. E lost Wm. C. McCoy, killed, and H.\\nNeville, wounded. The activity of battle was not the only hard-\\nship our heroes had to bear, for at this time, on account of scarcity\\nof rations, and the long continued foraging by both armies on the\\nsurrounding country, the soldiers were not only often hungry but\\nin many cases half starved. On the 24th of October Lieut. Lawrence\\nresigned, leaving Capt. Kyger the only commissioned officer in the\\ncompany.\\nSergt. Newlin, some years ago, published a very interesting narrative of his\\nescape.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 365\\nIn November the fights of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge\\ntook place, and as usual the 73d was in front. The nag of the 73d\\nagain fell from the hands of the new color-bearer Harty, to be\\nsnatched up by Kyger, and by him and Harty, who had risen, was\\none of the first planted on the heights of the mountain. In this\\nengagement Stephen Newlin and Nathaniel Henderson, of Co. C,\\nand Win. Hickman, of E, were wounded. In March the 73d inarched\\nto Cleveland, Tenn., where it remained in camp until called into the\\nAtlanta campaign. The movement of Sherman s army on the mem-\\norable campaign began with the month of May, 1864, and that\\npart to which the 73d belonged broke camp at Cleveland on the\\n3d of that month. It is safe to say that from this date until Sep-\\ntember 4, the 73d was under fire eight days out of ten, Sundays\\nnot excepted. It was a continuous fight from Caloosa Springs to\\nLovejoy Station. During the Atlanta campaign, and until the end\\nof the war, the 73d was in the 1st brigade 2d division and 4th Army\\nCorps. In the battles of Buzzard Roost, Dalton and Resaca, the\\nregiment was engaged and suffered some loss. At Burnt Hickory,\\nDallas and New Hope Church, the regiment was also engaged. The\\nactions at Big Shanty Pine and Lost Mountains, brought the regi-\\nment by the middle of June in full view of Kenesaw Mountain. The\\nenemy s works at this place were very strong, and well-nigh im-\\npregnable but when the order came to advance and take them,\\nthe lines swept forward and occupied them with comparative ease,\\nbut just as the federal soldiers were fairly in possession, the rebels\\nwere strongly reinforced, and the Union forces, embracing the 73d,\\nfell back to their original position. In this engagement, though\\nthis regiment was in the line of the heaviest firing, but being on\\nthe lowest part of the ground, the shots from the enemy passed\\nharmlessly over their heads. On the 17th of July the regiment\\ncrossed the Chattahoochee River, and on the 20th was engaged in\\nthe battle of Peach Tree Creek. In this battle the 73d occupied\\na very dangerous position, and did most splendid execution, having\\nbut one man killed and a dozen slightly wounded. Shortly after\\nthis the army had settled down in front of Atlanta. After the\\ncapture of Atlanta, a siege of six weeks, the army marched toward\\nChattanooga, arriving there about the 20th of September. From\\nChattanooga the line of march lay through Huntsville and Linnville,\\narriving in due time at Pulaski, where the skirmishers began to\\ncome in contact with those of Hood s army. In the vicinity of\\nColumbia the 73d took an active part, in one instance sustaining the\\nshock of cavalry. This was about the 24th to 28th of November.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nAll the way to Columbia, whither the Union forces were retiring,\\nfollowed closely by Hood and his army, there was continual fight-\\ning, in which the 73d was almost constantly engaged. This was\\nthe last stand of any consequence made by the rebels in Tennessee.\\nIt was an obstinately contested field, and seemed to be the destruc-\\ntion of the last hope of the rebels to maintain their cause in this\\npart of the country. The hardships endured by Thomas army in\\nthe last few days of this struggle were extreme, but not more so in\\nthe actual conflict than in the forced marches, hunger and loss of\\nsleep and to accord equal bravery and endurance to the 73d, is\\nonly to repeat what has already been written by some of the most\\ncritical historians of the country. A few days later the regiment\\nmade, in the assault on the enemy at Harpeth Hill, in the vicinity\\nof Nashville, their last charge, which proved to be one of the most\\nsplendid in their experience. As if indicating that the 73d had\\nreaped sufficient glory, the remnants of the rebel army withdrew\\nfrom Tennessee, and left our heroes in possession of the state and\\ntwelve or fifteen thousand prisoners.\\nThe Union army marched now to Huntsville, Alabama, arriving\\nthere on the 5th of January, 1865 the 73d remaining here until\\nthe 28th of March, at which time it left by railroad for East Ten-\\nnessee. While encamped near Blue Springs the war closed, and\\nthe regiment was ordered to Nashville, where, on the 12th of June,\\nit was mustered out, and in a few days started for Springfield,\\ngoing on the same train with the 79th 111. Two trains conveyed\\nthe 73d as it was going to the theater of war the war over, one\\ntrain, no larger than either of the two mentioned, conveyed both\\nthe regiments from Nashville to Springfield, indicating that the\\nhardships of army life had dealt severely with their ranks. At\\nSpringfield the boys received their final pay and discharges, and\\ndispersed to their several homes, having been absent from the county\\nwithin a few days of three years. The heroic dead of this regiment,\\nwhose absence was most notable on the home trip, lie buried,, some\\nin graves dug by friendly hands but were tombstones erected for\\nthose whose bodies were hastily pushed into the unwelcome so.il\\nof Kentucky and Tennessee, they would almost be equivalent to\\nthe milestones to mark the road of the army through the country,\\nwhich they fought to retain in the Union. Twenty-six men of the\\n73d were made prisoners, and of these sixteen died of hunger and\\nill-treatment. Of the keepers of these last, as did Jefferson on the\\nsubject of slavery, so say we: We tremble for them, when we", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 367\\nconsider that God is just, and that his vengeance will not sleep\\nforever.\\nTHIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS INFANTRY.\\nThis regiment, nearly five companies of which were from Ver-\\nmilion county, was organized at Decatur on the 3d of July, 1861,\\nand was one of the very first to go forward to defend the country\\nfrom the rebel hordes who were not only threatening the life of the\\nnation, but whose grasp seemed to be already encircling it.\\nCompanies D, E, F and I were almost wholly from this county,\\nand also a large number of Co. A, the last named being under the\\ncommand of Capt. Philip D. Hammond, of Danville. Co. D was\\n.raised in Catlin, and had for its officers William R. Timmons, cap-\\ntain U. J. Fox, first lieutenant, and Josiah Timmons, second lieu-\\ntenant. Co. |E was officered by William L. Oliver, L. J. Eyman,\\nand George C. Maxon, captain, first and second lieutenants, respect-\\nively. This company was raised in the townships of Georgetown\\nand Carroll. Co. F was a Danville company, and had for captain,\\nA. C. Keys first lieutenant, John Q. A. Luddington, and second\\nlieutenant, J. M. Sinks. Co. I was raised in the vicinity of Catlin\\nand Fairmount. Of this company, A. B. B. Lewis was elected cap-\\ntain; Joseph Truax, first, and Joseph F. Clise, second lieutenant.\\nIn the organization of the regiment, W. P. Chandler, of Dan-\\nville, was elected lieutenant-colonel and, by the disabling of Col.\\nSmith at the battle of Pea Ridge, Col. Chandler was put in command,\\nand was afterward promoted to the office.\\nOn the 23d of July the regiment was accepted as Colonel G. A.\\nSmith s Independent Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, and on the\\n4th of August left Decatur for the theatre of war. The regiment\\narrived at Jefferson barracks, Missouri, the next day, where it re-\\nmained one week, and then removed to Marine Hospital, St. Louis,\\nwhere it was mustered into service. On the 5th of September it\\nwas transported by rail to Jefferson City, Missouri, and from thence,\\non the 15th of October, to Sedalia, to join Gen. Sigel s advance on\\nSpringfield, arriving at that j)oint on the 26th of October. From\\nNovember 13 to 19 the regiment was on the march from Springfield\\nto Rolla. From January 24, 1862, the army to which the 35th\\nwas attached was in pursuit of Gen. Price, and here our regiment\\nbegan to experience a taste of real war. At the memorable battle\\nof Pea Ridge the regiment took active part, and lost in killed and\\nwounded a number of its bravest men, among the wounded being\\nCol. Smith. At the siege of Corinth the regiment took an impor-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntant part, and was at that place upon its evacuation on the 30th of\\nMay. At Perryville and Stone River the regiment was also en-\\ngaged, at the latter place losing heavily in killed and wounded.\\nThis was during the first three days of January, 1863. The regi-\\nment was the first on the south side of the Tennessee River, crossing\\nthat stream on the 28th of August. At the battle of Chickamauga,\\nSeptember 20, the regiment was engaged, and again suffered severely.\\nBv the 22d of September the regiment was at Chattanooga.\\nIn the battle of Mission Ridge, on November 23-5, the regiment\\nwas placed in a most dangerous and important position, being in\\nthe front line, and displayed great valor and coolness, being led to\\nwithin twenty steps of the rebel works on the crest of the hill. In\\nthe assault all of the color-guard were shot down, and Col. Chand-\\nler carried the flag into the enemy s works, followed by his men.\\nBy December 7 the regiment was at Knoxville, from which point it\\nwas sent on various important and dangerous expeditions. The\\nregiment was assigned to duty next in the Atlanta campaign, and to\\nrecount all of the incidents, skirmishes and fights in which the 35th\\ntook part would be only to repeat what has been said over and over\\nin regard to other regiments. The reader will simply turn to the\\nstory as related elsewhere, and appropriate it here. Suffice it to\\nsay that at Rocky Face, Resaca, Dallas, Mud Creek and Kennesaw\\nthe regiment was fully tested in coolness and bravery, and never\\ndisappointed its commanders. On the 31st of August the regiment\\nstarted to Springfield, Illinois, where it was mustered out on the\\n27th of September, 1864.\\nONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.\\nI ONTRIBTJTED BY COL. WILLIAM MANN.\\nThe 125th Reg. 111. Vol. was raised under the call by President\\nLincoln, and was organized and mustered into the service of the\\nUnited States on the 3d of September, 1862, at Danville, Illinois.\\nIt was composed of seven companies (A, B, C, D, G, I, K) from\\nVermilion, and three companies (E, F and H) from Champaign.\\nThe regiment was organized by the selection of the following\\nofficers: Oscar F. Harmon, Danville, colonel; James W. Langley,\\nChampaign, lieutenant-colonel John B. Lee, Catlin, major Wm.\\nMann, Danville, adjutant; Levi W. Sanders, chaplain, and John\\nMcElroy, surgeon. The principal officers of Co. A, as organized,\\nwere Clark Ralston, captain Jackson Charles, first lieutenant, and\\nHarrison Low, second lieutenant. Of Co. B, Robert Steward was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 369\\ncaptain; William R. Wilson, first, and S. I). Conover, second lieu-\\ntenant. Of Co. C, William W. Fellows was captain; Alexander\\nPollock, first lieutenant, and James D. New, second. Co. D had\\nfor captain, George W. Galloway; .lames B. Stevens, first, and\\nJohn L. Jones, second lieutenant. John II. Gass was captain of\\nCo. G, Ephraim S. Ilowells, first, and Josiah Lee, second lieutenant.\\nCo. I was officered by Levin Vinson, John E. Vinson and Stephen\\nBrothers as captain, first and second lieutenants, respectively. The\\nofficers of Co. K were: George W. Cook, captain; Oliver P. Hunt,\\nfirst lieutenant, and Joseph F. Crosby, second.\\nImmediately on its being received into the service, it was sent\\nto Cincinnati, where it was placed in the fortifications around\\nCovington, Kentucky, but was in a few days sent to Louisville,\\nKentucky, which at that time was threatened by Bragg, and up-\\non his retreat was connected with the pursuing forces, and received\\nits baptism of fire 11 at the battle of Perry ville, Kentucky, assist-\\ning in driving the rebel army out of the state. After the battle above\\nnamed it took up the line of march for Nashville, Tennessee, which\\nwill long be remembered by its members as being the most severe\\ncampaign of their service, owing to their inexperience in such duties,\\nand many of the regiment contracted diseases that resulted in death\\nor complete disability. During the winter following the regiment\\ndid duty in the fortifications, and on patrol and picket service in and\\naround the city. Owing to the ignorance of camp life and the scar-\\ncity of supplies, this period was more disastrous to the organization\\nthan any of its subsequent battles. Severe picket duty, tiresome\\ndrills, and the dull routine of camp life, made up the sum of the\\nregiment s duties until they were ordered to report to Gen. Rose-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0crans, who was about to take up the gauntlet thrown down by Bragg\\nat Chattanooga.\\nProceeding by a circuitous route through western Tennessee and\\nnorthern Alabama, driving the enemy at Rome and other minor\\npoints, the brigade to which the regiment belonged, then connected\\nwith Gen. Gordon Granger s Reserve Corps, the command found it-\\nself in position in front of the enemy on the eve of what proved to\\nbe a disastrous battle to the federal forces, the day of Chickamauga.\\nIn that battle the 125th took a prominent part, by defending and\\nholding positions of importance. On the retirement of Rosecrans\\nto Chattanooga after his comparative defeat, the brigade, then com-\\nmanded by Col. Dan. McCook, was placed to defend Rossville Gap,\\nan important pass, while Gen. Thomas collected the remnants of the\\narmy, to resist the farther advance of the victorious foe. In the\\nE", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndefense of this important position the regiment was under a severe\\nfire, and met with loss but held its ground through the day, and\\nchecked the enemy in its front. After nightfall it was ordered to\\nretire, and was among the last to leave the field, marching to Chat-\\ntanooga, where it took part within the fortifications, and awaited the\\napproach of the enemy. Here it remained until it was determined\\nthat Bragg did not intend to push his successes farther, when the\\nregiment was sent to a point up the Tennessee River known as\\nCaldwell s Ford, at the mouth of Chickamauga Creek. Here it\\nexperienced an incident which was one of the most startling and try-\\ning of its career. The camp* was pitched about one half mile back\\nfrom the river, on the hillside, an exposed position, but rendered\\nnecessary by the nature of the ground. On the opposite side of the\\nriver was a rebel picket post, and a hill of some dimensions. The\\nopportunity to attack was deemed so favorable by the rebels, that,\\non the night of the 16th of November, 1863, they placed a heavy\\nbattery of eight guns in position, and at the break of day opened\\nfire on the camp. The bursting of shells and the crack of solid shot\\nthrough the tents was the first sound heard by the command in the\\nmorning. It was truly a grand reveille, and certainly the men\\nnever responded more quickly than they did on that memorable\\nmorning to roll-call. Amid the thunder of the rebel guns, and the\\nquick and gallant response of our own battery (two guns placed to\\nassist the regiment), the command was formed in line of battle, ex-\\npecting the river to be crossed and the camp attacked. The execu-\\ntion of our guns, however, soon informed the enemy that they had\\nundertaken a difficult task, and, as was afterward learned, finding\\nthat they were experiencing loss, retired. The only loss sustained\\nby the regiment was the death of the chaplain, Levi W. Sanders,\\nwho was struck by a round shot in the head and instantly killed.\\nAt Caldwell s Ford the regiment remained until the advance was\\nmade which culminated in the battle of Mission Ridge, and the de-\\nfeat of the enemy. In this battle it did not take an active part until\\nthe enemy was in full retreat, assisting in driving him beyond reach.\\nLearning of the threatened attack of Knoxville by a portion of the\\nforces from the eastern army, it was sent to the relief of that post.\\nAccomplishing that object, it returned and went into camp on Chick-\\namauga Creek, at a place known as Lee and Gordon Mills, Georgia.\\nHere it awaited the reorganization of the army, and was* placed in\\nthe 3d brigade, 3d division of the 14th Army Corps, Gen. Jeff. C.\\nDavis, commanding. And now commenced the most vigorous part\\nof the regiment s career. On the advance of the grand army on", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 371\\nwhat is known as the Atlanta campaign, it was under fire many\\ntimes, and participated in several battles in approaching that city.\\nIn the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Tennessee,\\nand other engagements, the regiment suffered severely, and at the\\nend of that campaign nearly or quite one half of the command that\\nentered upon it were numbered among the dead or wounded. At\\nKennesaw Mountain, on the fatal 27th of June, 1864, it lost one half\\nof the command. Just previous to the order to charge being given,\\nthe regiment mustered two hundred and forty guns. After the\\ncharge, and when the list was made of the casualties, it was found\\nthat over one half had been killed or wounded. Here fell Col. Har-\\nmon, Capt. Fellows, Capt. Lee, Lieut. McLean, and many a brave\\nprivate, whose names are embalmed in the hearts of friends, and\\nreferred to with sadness after a lapse of fifteen years. Col. Harmon\\nhad been chiefly instrumental in raising the regiment. He had left\\nhonors and a lucrative profession at home, to respond to his coun-\\ntry s call, and gave his life in its defense. His name will be remem-\\nbered so long as a member of the command lives, and venerated by\\nthem.\\nThis campaign ended in the battle of Jonesborough, in which\\nthe regiment suffered severe loss, as they did at Peach Tree Creek,\\nand the subsequent capture of Atlanta.\\nAt Atlanta a reorganization of the army occurred, and the con-\\ncoction of the great campaign known in history as the tw March to\\nthe Sea, under Sherman. With that army the regiment took up\\nthe line of march toward the coast, and without any startling inci-\\ndent aside from skirmishes, etc., reached Savannah about the 20th\\nof December, 1864, and participated in the honor attending the cap-\\nture of that important post. It lost many men in this campaign,\\nthrough capture, sickness, etc. Crossing the Savannah at Sister s\\nFerry, at the commencement of the campaign which culminated in\\nthe surrender of the Confederate forces and the suppression of the\\ngreat rebellion, after the evacuation of Richmond, it advanced with\\nthe left wing of the army and participated in its last battle at Ben-\\ntonville, a small town in North Carolina, losing quite heavily. On\\nthe surrender of Johnston it inarched to Washington, where it re-\\nmained several weeks, and was then sent to Chicago, where it was\\nmustered out, paid and discharged from the service of the United\\nStates after nearly three years of active service, with hardly one-half\\nof those who had started with it from Danville remaining. Many\\nhad died or had been killed in action, others had been discharged\\nfrom disability arising from wounds or diseases contracted by expo-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "372\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsure and the severity of campaign life, and a few, a very few, had\\nbeen lost by desertion. And thus ended the services of the 125th\\nregiment Illinois Volunteers in the Great Rebellion.\\nTHE PRESS.\\nThe Illinois Printing Company was organized under the laws of\\nthe state, in July, 1874, with a capital stock of $50,000. It has been\\nprosperous from the beginning, and, by fair dealing and energetic\\neffort, has won for itself a large trade in Illinois and adjoining states,\\nand a reputation which places it among the first-class printing and\\nblank-book manufacturing establishments in the state. The com-\\npany occupy six rooms, 50x100 feet, all of which are filled with\\nthe best class of printing and book-binding material, machinery and\\nmerchandise adapted to the trade in which it is engaged. The Illi-\\nnois Printing Company was organized when the times were very\\nhard and money scarce. Its rapid and healthy growth has been a\\nmatter of surprise to its competitors and wonder to all who are\\nacquainted with its history. It now has an acquaintance and finan-\\ncial standing in commercial circles which enables it to buy goods at\\nthe lowest cash figures, thereby making it possible to compete with\\nthe best houses in the country. About forty hands have constant\\nemployment at this establishment, at the highest ruling wages. The\\ncompany expects to manufacture $100,000 worth of goods this year,\\nand find a ready sale for them.\\nThe Danville News was es-\\ntablished in October, 1873, and\\nin July, 1874, passed under the\\ncontrol of the Illinois Printing\\nCompany, under which manage-\\nment it still remains. The News\\nhas had a steady and healthy\\ngrowth of circulation and influ-\\nence, and ranks in all respects\\nwith the best newspapers in the\\ncountry. The weekly edition\\nis a handsome quarto of forty-\\neight columns. The daily edi-\\ntion was established on the 13th of October, 1870, at the ear-\\nnest solicitation of the enterprising citizens of Danville, who\\ndesired a morning daily which would give them the latest news in\\nDAILY NEWS BUTLniNG.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 373\\nthe famous and critical presidential contest. The Daily News has\\ntaken the press dispatches from the first, and at once gained a large\\ncirculation in the city and a compass of many miles, which has\\nincreased steadily to the present time. With every facility for local\\nand general news a telegraph office being in the editor s room;\\na diligent and experienced corps of assistants, the best newspaper\\nlibrary to be found in eastern Illinois, the most careful business\\nmanagement, and a constantly increasing patronage, the weekly and\\ndaily News has a bright and promising outlo ok for the future.\\nGeorge W. Flynn, president and manager, was born on the 25th\\nof August, 1828, at Bainbridge, Chenango county, New York. He\\ncame to Illinois in May, 1849, and was for several years prominently\\nconnected with the Urbana Union, Urbana, being a portion of the\\ntime sole editor and proprietor; also of the Gazette and Union,\\nChampaign, and of the CJtamipaign County Gazette. He did faithful\\nduty during the war of the rebellion, giving three years active ser-\\nvice as adjutant of the 25th 111. Inf. After leaving the army he\\nbecame the senior member of the firm of G.W. Flynn Co., job\\nprinters and bookbinders, Urbana, Illinois, retaining the position\\nuntil his removal to Danville, Illinois, in 1874. He was the first to\\nmove in the organization of the Illinois Printing Company, and has\\nheld the positions of president, manager and director ever since the\\ndate of its incorporation.\\nWilliam Ray Jewell, vice-president and editor, was born in Spen-\\ncer county, Kentucky, August 7, 1837, and removed with his father s\\nfamily, in boyhood, to Sullivan county, Indiana, settling twenty\\nmiles south of Terre Haute. He worked on a farm until fifteen\\nyears of age, when he entered the printing office of the Wabash\\nCotirier at Terre Haute, where he learned the printing business.\\nHe worked his way in the printing office through Moses Soule s\\nselect school in Terre Haute, read law under the kind assistance of\\nHenry Musgrove and Hon. R. W. Thompson, and subsequently\\nentered and graduated from the Northwestern Christian University,\\nIndianapolis, Indiana, now Butler University. For some years he\\nwas an active and successful preacher of the Christian church. lie\\nserved in the war of 1861-5, as lieutenant of Co. G, 72d Ind. Inf.\\nBeing discharged on account of sickness, he was soon recommis-\\nsioned as captain by Gov. Morton, and assigned to the recruiting\\nservice of the state, but soon accepted a call to the 7th Ind. Inf. as\\ntheir chaplain, with which regiment he was mustered out of the ser-\\nvice at the expiration of the term of enlistment. Mr. Jewell removed\\nfrom La Fayette, Indiana, to Danville, Illinois, in November, 1873,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "374 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbeing one of the founders of the News, and one of the original in-\\ncorporators of the Illinois Printing Company. He has held the\\nposition of vice-president and editor since July, 1875.\\nJoseph H. Woodmansee, secretary and treasurer, was born in\\nButler county, Ohio, March 24, 1830. At the age of seventeen he\\nwent to Cincinnati, where he learned the trade of machinist, and\\nremained in the city until 1854, when he was married to Susan M.\\nHorr, and soon after removed to Paris, Illinois. In 1856 he re-\\nmoved to Urbana, Illinois, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Co. G,\\n76th Reg. 111. Vol., and was honorably discharged at New Orleans,\\nin June, 1865. In 1871 he was appointed assistant assessor of in-\\nternal revenue, which position he held until the office was abolished.\\nIn 1873 he became a member of the firm of G. W. Flynn Co.,\\nprinters and blank book makers, and in September, 1874, removed\\nto Danville, Illinois, with the printing office, which was incorporated\\ninto the Illinois Printing Company. At the first meeting of the\\ndirectors of said company he was elected secretary and treasurer,\\nwhich office he still occupies.\\nThe Danville Daily and Weekly Times, edited and published by\\nA. G. Smith, is a paper that is widely copied from, and its editorials\\nare often repeated by the press of the state. It is independent re-\\npublican in politics, and is noted for the freedom with which it dis-\\ncusses popular questions. At times it has enjoyed a larger patronage\\nthan was ever accorded to any other Danville newspaper. The Times\\nwas founded in February, 1868, and has had no change in proprietor-\\nship.\\nThe Danville Weekly Post was established in the city of Danville,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, in June, 1878, by Messrs. Jacobs\\nThompson. It is the only democratic paper in the county, and has\\nquite an extensive circulation. It is recognized as one of the leading\\njournals of the state printed outside the cities, and is perfectly relia-\\nble. It is an eight-column quarto, neatly printed subscription price,\\n$1.50 per year. Messrs. Jacobs Thompson, the editors and pro-\\nprietors, are both young men, but have had several years experience\\nin the newspaper business. They were the founders and publishers\\nof the Chrisman (Illinois) Leader, and were running that paper pre-\\nvious to their removal to Danville. They are probably the youngest\\nnewspaper men in the state. The junior member of the firm, Mr.\\nThompson, has always taken a very active part in politics, and\\nseems to be somewhat of a favorite among leading politicians through-\\nout this part of the state.\\nThe Danville Weekly Commercial, the oldest newspaper now", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY. 375\\n(July, 1879,) published in Vermilion county, was established by the\\nbanking and real-estate firm of Short A: Wright, and the first number\\nissued on the 5th of April, 1866, under the editorial charge of P. D.\\nHammond. The paper was originally published in quarto form,\\neight columns to the page: An A. B. Taylor cylinder press, the\\nfirst power press ever set up in the county, was used in printing it.\\nIn connection with the newspaper department, the presses and mate-\\nrial necessary to a first-class job printing office were added, the whole\\nforming an establishment rarely to be found in a city of the size of\\nDanville at that date. The Commercial has been a firm and consist-\\nent advocate of the principles held by the republican party, though\\noftentimes criticising methods and men of its party has advocated\\nand still advocates the cause of temperance and prohibition of the\\nliquor traffic favored the cause of education shown itself the friend\\nof good morals and religion, and been foremost in favoring such\\nmeasures of public policy as have added immensely to the growth\\nand prosperity of Danville and Vermilion county. On the 10th of\\nOctober, 1867, Mr. J. G. Kingsbury became the editorial associate of\\nMr. Hammond, the latter still remaining the managing editor. At\\nthe same date Mr. Wright retired from the firm of Short Wright,\\nas proprietors, and was succeeded by Abraham Sandusky and An-\\ndrew Gundy, old residents of the county, the proprietorship becom-\\ning merged in the firm of John C. Short Co.\\nOn the 12th of December, 1867, the proprietors of the Commer-\\ncial purchased the stock, material and good will of the Danville\\nPlaindealer, and merged the latter journal with the former under\\nthe name of the Danville Commercial and Plaindealer. Under the\\nconsolidation Col. R. H. Johnson, late editor of the Plaindealer, be-\\ncame associate editor with Messrs. Hammond and Kingsbury. With\\nthe second number, issued in 1868, the paper was enlarged to a nine-\\ncolumn folio. With the issue of May 14, 1868, Plaindealer was\\ndropped from the title, and the original name of the paper was re-\\nsumed. With the issue of the Commercial of September 17, 1868,\\nMr. P. D. Hammond retired from editorial connection with it, in\\norder to assume editorial charge of the Lafayette (Ind.) Journal.\\nUpon this change Mr. J. G. Kingsbury became managing editor, Col.\\nJohnson remaining associate editor, a position he continued to fill\\nuntil the 25th of March, 1869. With the issue of the Commercial ot\\nAugust 5, 1869, it was announced that Jesse Harper, late of Williams-\\nport, Indiana, had purchased an interest in the paper. On the 14th day\\nof July, 1873, Jesse Harper retired from all editorial connection with,\\nand proprietorship of, the Commercial, having sold his interest to A.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "376 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHarper, his nephew, and brother of O. E. Harper, who became pub-\\nlishers under the firm name of Harper Brothers. From this date\\nuntil November 20 of the same year the editorial work of the paper\\nwas performed by O. E. Harper and Maj. E. A. Kouthe. On the\\nlatter date Mr. Park T. Martin, of Shelbyville, Illinois, announced\\nthrough the columns of the Commercial that he had purchased the\\nsole remaining interest of John C. Short Co., and that he had\\nassumed the editorship from that date, and that the business of the\\noffice would be conducted under the firm name of Harpers Martin.\\nMaj. Routhe was continued on the paper as associate editor.\\nIn the early spring of 1874 Mr.S. H. Huber purchased an interest\\nin the paper, an additional amount of capital was furnished, and the\\npartnership was merged into a joint stock company under the general\\nincorporation law of the state, with the corporate name The Com-\\nmercial Company of Danville, Illinois. The authorized capital was\\n$15,000, of which $11,200 was paid up, and divided in nearly equal\\nproportions between the four incorporators O. E. Harper, A. Har-\\nper, Park T. Martin and S. H. Huber. The company was organized\\nby the election of A. Harper as president, and Park T. Martin as\\nsecretary and business manager. The latter was continued as man-\\naging editor, a position still held by him. With the increase of\\ncapital great improvements were made in the office, the old hand-\\npower press giving place to a fine Chicago Taylor cylinder, with\\nsteam for the motive power, being the first newspaper press in the\\ncity run by steam. At the same time the paper was enlarged and\\nchanged to a six-column quarto in form. In March, 1876, O. E.\\nHarper disposed, of his Commercial stock to R. C. Holton, when the\\nlatter became superintendent of the mechanical department of the\\nCommercial, a position he still holds. In February, 1877, Messrs.\\nHuber and Martin disposed of their stock to their associates, and\\nMr. Huber retired from all connection with the office, in order to\\nenter the ministry of the M. E. church. In August, 1878, Mr. A. J.\\nAdams, for some years connected with the business management of\\nthe Danville Times, purchased stock and became business manager\\nof the Commercial company, a position he has since held. On the\\n10th of September, 1878, the first number of the Daily Danville\\nCommercial was issued, and the publication has been continued\\nwithout intermission as an evening paper since, with a continually\\nincreasing list of subscribers, and at this writing, July, 1879, the\\nbusiness of the Commercial company in all its departments is in an\\nencouragingly prosperous condition.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "DECD-\\nDANVILLE.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF TOWNSHIPS.\\nDANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\nThis locality being so intimately connected with the early history of\\nthe county, it was found necessary to notice it quite fully in that con-\\nnection. We find, therefore, but little else than the more modern facts,\\nprogress, incidents and institutions requiring mention. Those of our\\nreaders who have carefully followed us thus far, are, by this time, able to\\nenter into the feelings and sympathies of the earl} settler, who yet lin-\\ngers for a season with us, and from whom many of the important items\\ncontained in these pages have been gleaned. A half century has just\\npassed since the history of this locality, as far as real progress is con-\\ncerned, began but what wonderful changes have taken place Less\\nthan fifty years ago, the people of this county, what few of them there\\nwere, lived in log cabins utterly devoid of ornament or adornment.\\nThe half of one side of the only room was devoted to the fire-place, at\\nwhich the members of the family toasted their shins, meanwhile the\\ngood wife cooked the simple meal of corn cakes and wild meat at the\\nsame fire. The one room was the parlor, kitchen, dining-room and bed-\\nroom and, in the coldest weather, some of the few domestic animals\\nwere kindly given a night s shelter from the storm.\\nThe furniture consisted of a few splint-bottomed or bark-bottomed\\nchairs of the plainest and roughest sort, made by the use of a hatchet,\\nauger and jack-knife; bedsteads and table of a like character; and a\\nscanty set of cooking utensils, often consisting of no more than a skil-\\nlet, a boiling pot and a Dutch oven. Our younger readers will hardly\\nbelieve us when we say that the whole set of tableware, including\\npewter plates, knives and forks, would not now be considered cheap at\\ntwenty-five cents but, if your grandmother is still living, 3^011 need\\nonly ask her to have our t statements substantiated. There were no\\npictures on the walls of the pioneer s cabins, no tapestry hung at the\\nwindows, and no carpets were on the puncheon floors.\\nThe ornaments of the walls were the rifle and powder horn, bunches\\nof beans, medicinal herbs and ears of corn for the next planting, sus-\\npended from pegs driven into the logs of which the walls were built.\\n20", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "HO(S HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe windows needed no curtains, us they were made of a material\\nwhich not only kept out the strong sunlight and the fierce winds of\\nwinter, but admitted a sufficient amount of the former for all practical\\npurposes. In this matter, the pioneers displayed an amount of inge-\\nnuity that could be called forth only by the mother of invention\\nnecessity. Sheets of paper were procured and soaked in hog s lard, by\\nwhich process they became translucent and these, pasted to some\\ncross sticks in the opening left for the purpose, constituted the window\\nof the ancient log cabin. Puncheon floors were a luxury not to be\\nfound in every house, as, in many, the native soil was both floor and\\ncarpet. The long winter evenings were spent in conversation over\\npersonal events of the day, or of recollections of events of the old homes\\nin the east or south from which they had emigrated. The railroad and\\ntelegraph brought no news from the outside world. There were but\\nfew books and papers then, the whole library, in many instances, con-\\nsisting of a Bible, an almanac and a few school books. A tallow dip\\nan article now almost wholly unknown afforded the only artificial\\nlight,\\nIn 1830 a clock or watch was a great novelty, and our worthy\\nancestors marked time by the approach of the shadow of the door to\\nthe sun mark, or the cravings of the stomach for its ration of corn\\nbread and bacon.\\nWe might go on, describing the ancient modes of farming, of dress,\\nof marketing and of education, to almost an endless length suffice it\\nto say that, in all of the departments of life, a corresponding simplicity,.\\nor, we had almost said, rudeness, was the rule.\\nHow different we find things now! Luxury of every kind, un-\\nthought of by the old pioneers, abounds everywhere. Industrious\\nhands and active 1 trains have been at work, and to-day we find in\\nalmost every house, not only all of the comforts of life, but the luxuries\\nin endless variety. The old yawning fire-place, with its glowing back\\nlog, fore stick and middle chunks, 1 have given way to the numerously\\npatented cook and parlor stoves. Books and newspapers are on the\\ntable and in the shelves of everybody who wants them. The news\\nfrom London, dated at 8 o clock a.m., reaches us, is set up, printed and\\ndistributed to the readers of the News and other daily papers of the\\ncity by 6 o clock the same morning, thus beating time in 3,000 miles\\nby two hours. Had you told the old pioneers this would be done in\\ntheir day, you would have been set down as a lunatic or a fit subject\\nfor the ducking-stool. Tf there was a piano in the county more than\\nforty years ago, we have failed to find a trace of it and, as for reed\\norgans, they w T ere only invented at about that time. Now, almost", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. ,l)7\\nevery other house has one of these. As to clocks and watches, every\\nhouse has one or more, and a chain dangles from the neck or the vest\\nof nearly every man, woman and youth, indicating- that a chronometer\\nis at hand to regulate the movements of the wearer.\\nTo enumerate all of the comforts and modern conveniences now in\\nuse and to be had, would be to give up most of the space in this book\\nfor the purpose of a catalogue of the articles. On every hand we be-\\nhold a wonderful, a rapid, a happy change. A wonderful soil, a re-\\nmarkable climate, a progressive, economical, industrious and intelligent\\npeople combined have done this.\\nEARLY BUILDINGS.\\nThe old log hotel which Solomon Gilbert built in 1827, stood at\\nthe west end of Main street. It only remained in use as a tavern a\\nfew years, for it soon became distanced by more extensive and grander\\nones. The old sign, according to the custom of the day, hung in a tree\\nnear by. Bluford Runyen built a log house on the rear of the old\\nPennsylvania House property in 1828. He sold this to John\\nLeight, who commenced, but sold to Samuel J. Russell, who built the\\nfirst part (the north end) of the old tavern in 1832. It stood on the\\nwest side of Yermilion street, about half way between the public\\nsquare and the ^Etna House. It was a very good house for its time,\\nand was the rival of the McCormack in public favor. Russell was\\nselling goods on Main street, and soon sold his house to Willison, who\\nin turn sold to Abram Mann, Senior, who had recently come from Eng-\\nland. Mr. Mann put up the southern part of it. The ball-room, which\\nwas the necessary appendage to ever} well-regulated tavern in those\\ndays, was on the west side, over the dining-room. It remained stand-\\ning with the old log house which Runyen built, until 1875, when\\nthe march of events called for the lots upon which it stood, for business\\npurposes, and it disappeared. The first part of the famous McCormack\\nHouse was built by Jesse Gilbert, about 1833. It was a frame build-\\ning, the planks being fastened on with wooden pins, before nails came\\ninto very general use here. Charles S. Galusha built an addition to\\nit soon after. Mr. Cross kept it a while, and then William McCor-\\nmack took it and enlarged it, making it the best hotel in town. Dur-\\ning the flush days of land office business here, this house acquired a\\nnational reputation. The people who came here from all over the\\ncountry to enter land were accommodated, not exactly in princely\\nstyle, but in good shape, at the McCormack. No runner found it\\nnecessary to sound its praises in sonorous notes from stentorian lungs,\\nfor it was known and read of all men everywhere. From all over the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "308 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncountr} 7 men came with their saddle-bags and ax-boxes tilled with\\nshiny boys, for greenbacks had not then been invented, to buy\\nthe land which was soon to make them or their children rich. The\\nbuilding still stands, close by the side of its successor in office and\\nin public favor, the beautiful Arlington, tj-pes of the better class of two\\nages of hotel building; the former being as good a building as any\\ncountry village before railroad times could support, the latter as fine a\\nbuilding as any young city in the land can show.\\nThe corners north of the public square are historical. On the east-\\nern one, where the court-house now stands, the old, cramped-up build-\\ning which so long served as the hall of justice for the county of\\nVermilion, stood. This was not the first court-house, but the first\\npermanent one. The two which preceded it were temporary affairs,\\nand were soon dispensed with. The first court-house was the one at\\nButler s Point, where Judge J. O. Wattles was falsely reported to have\\nbeen seen paring his toe-nails secundum artem, while the bailiff had\\nthe different members of the first grand jury treed by hounds in the\\ntall timber along the Salt Fork. The second one was built of hewn\\nlogs, and stood on the west side of the public square, south of Main\\nstreet. The next one was the old square building which so long-\\nserved the purpose. For nearly fort} 7 years it was the only court-house\\nVermilion count} 7 had. When it burned there were few to mourn its\\nloss. It was about fifty feet square, having the court-room below,\\nwith a door upon its south front on the public square, and one on\\nits west on Vermilion street. The judge s bench was on the east side\\nof the court-room, which was in the first story, and the second story\\nwas divided into two jury-rooms for the grand and petit juries. The\\ncounty offices were scattered around town, wherever rooms could\\nbe found for them, and necessitated much inconvenience, and had\\nthe effect of creating much irregularity in the transaction of business.\\nNorman D. Palmer and G. S. Hubbard were the contractors and\\nThomas Durham the builder in 1832. A wing was built later for the\\nclerks 1 offices, which answered the purpose very well for a time.\\nThe old court-house was burned in 1872, by some one who wanted\\nto see a better one in the place of it, and the present very neat\\nand commodious structure was erected in 1876. Col. Myers, of De-\\ntroit, Mich., was the architect; IN C. Terrell, contractor. The build-\\ning committee were: J. G. Holden, A. Gilbert, A. H. O Bryant, H.\\nE. P. Talbott and B. Butterfield. The building cost, complete, in-\\ncluding heating, etc., $105,000. It is in the form of an L, having\\na front on Vermilion street and one on Main street, having the post\\noffice, the janitor s rooms and offices in the basement story the offices", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 309\\nof the county clerk, county judge, circuit clerk, sheriff and treasurer,\\nwith spacious vaults connected with them, and the county court-room\\non the first floor; the court-room and jury-rooms and other offices in\\nthe upper story. The rooms are all nicely finished off and well\\nadapted to the uses for which they were intended, and convenient.\\nThe basement story is of Joliet stone, the superstructure of brick\\ntrimmed with cut stone. The first jail stood just north of the court-\\nhouse which was burned. It was made of hewn logs, dovetailed to-\\ngether and pinned through the corners. It was about thirty feet long,\\nand had a partition across it near the center, to separate the two classes\\nof prisoners which it was at that time legal to put in jail, criminal and\\ndebt prisoners. Large river stones were put on the ground and a floor\\nof hewn logs placed on that. It was covered over with a similar floor\\nof hewn logs. There were two windows in it, about eighteen inches\\nsquare. It was thought to be a very secure institution until it was put\\nto the test. Hiram Hickman, who had considerable to do with running-\\nit for several years, says that he never had any trouble in catching a\\nhorse thief, but the} 7 seldom had an} trouble in clearing themselves\\nwithout feeing a lawyer, for they were sure to dig out before the first\\nday of the next term of court. This worthless old concern was re-\\nmoved in 1873. When the court-house burned it absolutely refused to\\nfollow suit. The new jail was built in 1874, and is large, well built,\\nwell ventilated and is a beautiful residence, having little about it to\\nremind one of the uses to which it is put. It is built of Joliet stone\\nand brick, and consists of two stories and basement. It has a front of\\nforty-four feet on Vermilion street, and is one hundred and two feet\\ndeep, and cost $53,292. B. V. Enos, of Indianapolis, was architect.\\nThe building committee were the same as in the building of the court-\\nhouse, J. G. Holden acting as chairman, and giving his best endeavors\\nto the work of keeping everybody honest that had anything to do with it.\\nNone of the old settlers will ever forget the occasion of the first female\\nprisoner being confined in the county jail. No provision had been\\nmade for female prisoners. The jail had but two apartments, one for\\ncriminals, and one for those who had been guilty of being in debt.\\nWhen Mr. Dawson came here with the blooming, dashing woman he\\nintroduced here as his wife, and occupied a little cabin where the\\nNational Bank now stands, the citizens little thought that she would\\nbe the first woman to occupy that old log jail. She was a woman of\\nmore than ordinary intelligence, and her behavior was above reproach.\\nHer wardrobe was of the most extensive nature, and costly beyond any\\nthing known by the people hereabouts. Silk dresses in the most lavish\\nprofusion were to be seen, while Dawson, in the plain garb of a day", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "310 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nlaborer, seemed illy mated to the magnificent woman who bore the air\\nand dress of one who had been brought up in almost regal wealth. She\\nfairly dazzled the entire neighborhood. A year later there appeared\\na worn and weary wanderer who said this woman was his wife, and\\nthat she had eloped with Dawson, and that he had been searching for\\nher a year. He made the necessary affidavits, and the two were arrested\\nand thrust into jail. Then all Danville wagged their heads. I told\\nyou so, said the wise women, who seemed to rather delight in her\\nmisfortune, and the men who had bowed so obsequiously when she\\nswept by, now just recollected that the} 7 more than half suspected\\nall along that all was not right. It was then her woman s wits served\\nher. Dawson got bail, and public sentiment began to turn in her favor.\\nShe had several consultations with her husband, and promised to return\\nhome with him if he would get her out of jail. To accomplish this,\\nhe went before another justice of the peace and made a counter affidavit,\\nand then left suddenly, to prevent harsh treatment, which was pretty\\nsure to follow if he remained here. As soon as she was liberated she\\njoined Dawson in going west instead of returning to her persecutor.\\nThe war and the activity of travel incident upon it made a strong\\ndemand for more hotel room in Danville, and in 1865 M. M. Bedford\\nbuilt the north part of the present ^Etna House, and it became\\nat once the popular resort for those whose business called them to the\\ncounty seat. It was a large and magnificent building for the times,\\nand, with the addition put on in 1873 by William Farmer and D.\\nGregg, is still the largest hotel in the city. It has a front of one\\nhundred and twenty-five feet on Vermilion street and one hun-\\ndred and thirty on North street; is three stories and basement,\\nwith seventy-six guests rooms, and the entire block, including\\nground, has cost $62,000. William Farmer is proprietor. Messrs.\\nCrane Son and McCormack built the Arlington Hotel on Main\\nstreet in 1875. It is 75x100, three stories high, having two stores\\nbesides the hotel office on the ground floor. It is a splendid building,\\nand probably forms the neatest block in the city. It has fifty rooms.\\nIt is owned at present by J. M. Dougherty, of Fairmount, Mrs. Scott\\nand C. R. Brown. White Rick, who are in charge of it, have been\\nfor seven years in the hotel business in the city, having been five years\\nin the ^Etna. Ed. Galligan built the St. James, on Main street,\\nthree blocks east of the public square, in 1867, and in 1871 built the\\naddition to it. It has two stores on the ground floor besides the office.\\nIt is the same size as the Arlington, and has forty-five rooms. F. B.\\nFreese has conducted it ever since its occupancy. The Tremont,\\nfarther east on Main street, an elegant and tasty building, was put", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "OANVILLK TOWNSHIP.\\n3U\\nup by Anselm Sieferman, at. a cost of over $10,000. It is 34x100, and\\nis all occupied for hotel purposes, except the basement and two rooms\\non the ground floor, which are used as a cigar manufactory by the\\nowner of the building. Tt is three high stories, besides the basement,\\nand presents a fine architectural appearance on both fronts. It con-\\ntains thirty-three guests rooms. The Hesse House, on Hazel street,\\nwas built by Mr. Hommac, in 1874. It is four stories high, the two\\nupper being thrown into one for a hall. It is a fine building, and cost\\n$12,000. Hommac sold it to Hesse, who occupies it. The upper\\nroom is used by the military company for an armory. The Sherman\\nHouse. a three-storv brick, is east of the railroad.\\nMILLS.\\nCITY MILLS.\\nThe present importance of the milling business in Danville, being\\nnow second only to the mining interests, makes a study of its growth\\na matter of interest. So we inquire into all the little doings and wise\\nsayings of the early days the baby days of those who have waxed\\ngreat in public estimation or in wealth search out, as if it were\\nof importance, every minute circumstance of his boyhood, if it is\\ncreditable, and drop into oblivion all which tends to show that he was\\nnot great, even in babyhood, and we build up wondrous heroes, with\\nshining new hatchets, who can t tell a lie powerful heroes who, even\\nbefore they are large enongh to wear boots, can ride any horse bare-\\nback, or change the natural gait of a trotter into a smooth pacer. Then\\nafter we have told our children and grandchildren these beautiful stories\\nabout cherry trees and the rugged moral development of Truthful\\nJames, some Parton is raised up to tell us that all these wondrous\\nstories that we had built our hopes upon were fables, and our idols", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "812 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nare dashed in pieces. The first mill built in this township, as far as the\\nmemory of those now accessible serves, was commenced by Bob Trickle,\\non the North Fork, near the lower end of Main street. He had not pro-\\ngressed far toward completion before Solomon Gilbert purchased it, and\\nit became known as Gilbert s mill. It was a log building, and the\\nstones were cut out of such as could be found in the stream near\\nby. This answered the purpose of the neighborhood very well for\\na time, but it could not be deemed a great success in a money-making\\npoint of view. Grain was very cheap, and the commissions on grind-\\ning were necessarily small. The bolting was done b} hand at first, and\\nwas a very slow process, but gave work for the boys who needed some-\\nthing to keep them out of mischief. The date of building does not\\nseem to be well settled, but it must have been about 1828, and about\\ntwo years later a saw-mill was attached. All these old saw-mills used\\nthe gate-saw, which has never been seen by the younger readers.\\nThe saw was fixed into a frame, which was about eight feet high\\nby six wide, made so strong that it would hold the saw firmly to\\nthe work, and so heavy that it moved up and down very leisurely,\\nwhich gave rise to the expression that it would go up in the spring\\nand come down with the fall freshets. It moved in. grooves cut in the\\nupright timbers. Such an one would not be endured for a day now,\\nbut the men who were accustomed to run them could saw two thou-\\nsand feet a day, and the writer well recollects hearing old sawyers tell\\nof turning out twice that amount; but this latter story he attributes to\\nthe unfortunate habit which attaches to some elderly gentlemen of\\ndrawing rather strong on the resources of their early recollections. Of\\ncourse about one thousand feet of lumber for a twelve hours trick\\nwas very good work. The price for sawing was universally fifty cents\\nper hundred feet, or a share, so that it will be seen that a saw-mill was\\nabout the best piece of property, financially speaking, which could be\\nhad in those days. It was better than a bank or county office theo-\\nretically, at least.\\nMr. Amos Williams, who held almost all the offices at that time,\\nfrom postmaster to poundmaster, thought so, and concluded to own one.\\nHe bought or built one most likely both on the main stream, long\\nknown as Cotton s mill. The date of this has also faded from memory.\\nBenjamin Brooks, the relic of Brooks Point, says that he helped cut\\nand put in the first dam here, which, as near as he can now remember,\\nwas forty-three years ago 1836.* There is a pretty generally received\\nopinion that the dam was built before that date, but Mr. Brooks can\\nhardly be mistaken in regard to date, though there is a possibility\\nof his having helped to build the second dam at that time. Mr. Will-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 313\\niams, while reasonably successful in everything else, found his mill\\na heavy bill of expense, and so it continued to be as long as he\\ncontinued to run it. After Mr. Williams death, Mr. Cotton pur-\\nchased and refitted it, and continued to run it and the carding\\nmachine until about 1867, when the building of the mills now in\\nexistence commenced, and he thought his water privilege more valu-\\nable to him in another way. The fall was about six feet, and gave\\nsufficient head for the modern wheels. He still keeps up the dam for\\nits supply of ice.\\nRobert Kirkpatrick built a water-mill on Stoney Creek, in 1835 a\\nsaw-mill and run it some years.\\nHale Galusha built a saw-mill in 1836. Mr. Hale had come here\\nwith some considerable money in fact, was the first capitalist who\\ncame here, but he soon found ways to dispose of it. Besides the saw-\\nmill, he entered a large amount of land, and the revulsion left him\\nwith nothing to pay taxes with. Had he been satisfied with half the\\namount of land, it would have made him immensely rich. He became\\nsoured and found fault with the way this government was run, and\\ngrowled furiously at the financial legislation of the day, and wound\\nup with endeavoring to get up a foray on Mexico in all probability\\nhelped to carry on the war against that country to extend the area of\\nfreedom. 1\\nIn 1836 a company consisting of Thomas Willison, Thomas McKib-\\nben, J. H. Murphy and G. W. Cassady, and perhaps one or two\\nothers, built the first steam saw-mill on the river bottoms, just below\\nthe Wabash Railway bridge. The panic 1 struck it soon after, and it\\nwas allowed to go to decay even the logs which were drawn there to\\nbe sawed were permitted to rot on the yard.\\nThe Kyger mill is also historical in its remembrance and its associa-\\ntions. Mr. William Sheets, one of the most honored and respected citi-\\nzens of Georgetown, a gentleman whose name will be kindly remembered\\nby many long after he shall have passed away, and Mr. Thomas Morgan\\nbuilt the first mill there in 1835. After Mr. Kyger came into posses-\\nsion of it, he built a large frame and got in new machinery, but has\\nnever yet got it to running. There was a corn-cracker and distillery\\non Brady s Branch, built as early as 1833. The distillery made a very\\ngood article of whisky for those days; it would tangle a man s legs\\njust as effectually as any of the later improved varieties. It would\\nrun about a barrel a day, which was deemed sufficient for the actual\\nneeds of the dwellers along Brady s Branch that is, to keep them\\nfrom suffering. Mr. Froman owned the distillery and Mr. Wm. M.\\nPayne had charge of it. Froman built the first flat-boat that ever ran", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "814 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nout of this county, in 1834, to carry his produce to New Orleans. Mr.\\nPayne went down with the boat as supercargo. The trip proved\\na successful one, no disaster having overtaken the gallant ship in\\nher cruise. As is well known to the general reader, this flat-boating\\nwas a very important industry in those early days. The man who had\\nnever run the river did not know much worth speaking of. He was\\nnot considered educated, not fit to run for office, was like his first pro-\\ngenitor in the Garden did not know good and evil. A hard-\\nshell preacher once described New Orleans as a city where honest\\nmen were scarcer than hens teeth/ 1 where corn was worth six bits a\\nbushel one day and nary red the next. The boats upon which the\\nproduce of the country was borne to market were made on the streams\\nhere, and when unloaded were sold there, and the crew found their\\nway back as best they could on returning steamers, on foot or horse-\\nback. One man who was returning proposed to himself to purchase a\\npony which had been brought in from the western wilds. He bought the\\nanimal cheap, but it proved a dear bargain for the boatman. When out\\na day or two on his way home, the pony got loose from his fastening,\\nand evaded every endeavor of his master, so to speak, to catch him.\\nAfter trying until he became thoroughly discouraged, he shouldered\\nhis wrath, his bundles and his saddle and started north. In this way\\nhe proceeded home, the pony keeping him compan}^ just far enough in\\nthe rear to keep out of his reach, still following afar off. Leonard s\\nmill was built about 1834, and Jenkins had one farther down stream,\\nnear the state line, which he continued to run until he went to Catlin\\nand put a mill into the huge building which the citizens there pre-\\nsented to him. Henderson Kyger put up the first steam grist-mill\\nin 1854. The people had been going over to Indiana for their flour,\\nand these gentlemen thought the time had come to make flour nearer\\nhome. Mr. M. M. Wright now owns the mill, and it is still in good\\nrunning order.\\nThe Amber Mill, near the Wabash depot, was built by Shella-\\nberger Bowers in 1866, at an original cost of $28,000. It was\\nburned in 1874 and rebuilt in 1875, by Bowers fc Co. It is now\\nowned and run by D. Gregg. It is brick, three stories and basement,\\n40x110, and has six run of stone. It was remodeled last winter by\\nsubstituting the new process, and is a first-class mill in all respects.\\nMr. Gregg is also largely engaged in buying and shipping grain.\\nThere are only three men now engaged in that business on the line of\\nthe Wabash railway who were in business when he commenced. The\\nGlobe mill is 40x80, and stands near the North Fork in the west-\\nern part of town. It was built by G. W. Knight in 1870. Smith", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "J)ANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\n315\\nGiddings run it on custom and merchant work. It lias four run of\\nstone, and has the patent process machinery. The City mill, on\\nVermilion street, opposite the jail, was built by Samuel Bowers in\\n1875 frame is sixty feet front on Vermilion street and fifty-five on\\nSouth cost $20,000. It has four run, and is supplied with all the ap-\\npliances for a first-class merchant mill. It has a working capacity\\nof five barrels per hour. The old Bushong distillery, in the east-\\nern part of town, began operations in 1859. With the coming of\\narmed rebellion, the stern necessities of the government called for\\na tax on whisky, commencing at fifty cents per gallon and increas-\\ning till it reached two dollars. This last tax made and destroyed\\nAM HE IS MHJi.\\nvast fortunes. The men who were in the secret of the proposed\\nadvance made large sums by laying in large stocks, for it was decided\\nnot to increase the tax on that which was on hand others evaded the\\ntax, so that while the tax was $2, whisky was selling on the market for\\nfrom $1.90 down to $1.75 per gallon. Mr. Bushong was running from\\neighty to one hundred barrels per day, and had about one hundred\\nhead of cattle feeding, and all the hogs he could get. When the tax\\nwas raised to the highest point he discontinued business. The ma-\\nchinery was taken to Chicago, where they had a process of making $2\\nwhisky and selling at $1.75, and the building was made into a mill\\nwith two run of stones. As now standing, the business amounts\\nto twenty-two runs, all in active operations.\\nThe first distillery started here was by W. D. Palmer and Peleg\\nCole, on the Chicago road, a mile and a half north of town, in 1830.\\nThis was before the temperance cause was a pronounced success along\\nthe tributaries of the Wabash. It did not continue long.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "316 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nA few feet above the wagon bridge over the Vermilion between\\nDanville and South Danville, lies a mill-stone which at stages of low\\nwater can be readily seen. Thousands of people have seen it, without\\nknowing its history. It is popularly supposed to have floated out there\\nat some time of high water, from Gilbert s mill, where for some years\\nit did service in the manufacture of meal and flour. Its story is this:\\nIt was one of the first run of stones ever used for milling here, and\\nwas cut out of the boulders, usually called nigger heads, to be put\\ninto the first mill built here. After due time, regular buhr stones were\\nprocured, and replaced the old ones. When this was done a rope ferry\\nwas still in use there, and there was a necessity of some staff or pole\\ntoward the center of the stream, to stay the river end of the boat while\\nlanding. It was not possible to plant such a staff firmly in the ground,\\nfor the waves or ice would be sure to remove it. By framing the staff\\ninto the hole in the stone, however, all these difficulties would be ob-\\nviated and this plan M r as tried, which proved a great success. The\\nHistorical Society propose to secure the mill-stone as a relic.\\nOTHER EARLY BLILDINGS.\\nIn 1827 George Haworth built a substantial log store on the corner\\nwhere the Ba tern an Corner now stands. It was made of huge logs\\nnicely hewn, and was two stories high, and took all the men in the\\ncountry around to raise it. It was also provided with defensive port-\\nholes above and below. In the eastern end of this formidable-looking\\nold barracks, as the boys would call it now Mr. Gurdon S. Hub-\\nbard had his stock of goods for trade with the poor Indian. Twenty-\\nfive years later, Adams Co. built a two-story frame building on the\\nsite of this, which was soon after burned. Mr. Bateman was occupy-\\ning a portion of this building when it burned, and soon after bought\\nthe lot, and erected the present one-story brick building in 1855. From\\nthe time that Hubbard commenced there, more than fifty years ago, it\\nhas always been a favorite point for trade, and it is often a matter of\\nwonder that a better block is not erected there but probably the owner\\nis satisfied with the return which the property makes.\\nAbout 1830, Dr. Fithian fitted up a handsome residence, with a\\nplaned floor of hard-wood lumber. Such an extravagance was un-\\nknown in Danville until that time. Puncheon floors were all the rage,\\nand some evil genius or something else put it into the doctor s head to\\nhave a planed floor at least, so Harris McDonald thought before he\\ngot through with his first night s experience with that floor. He\\ncoaxed the carpenter who was building the house to let the boys have", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 317\\njust one dance on that floor before the latch string was turned over to\\nthe stern physician, who, in all probability, would veto any such irregu-\\nlar demonstration. Harris was a natural leader, and having been the\\noriginator of the night s frolic, he insisted on leading in the first reel,\\nthis, notwithstanding there were several older men and older residents\\nin the crowd, whom a just man would have given precedence to. It\\ncaused no little feeling, but he carried the point, and placed himself, in\\ndress gorgeously got up for the occasion, at the head of the first figure.\\nTight breeches, with straps passing under the shoes, had just come into\\nvogue, and Harris was the only one of the company who had the good\\nfortune to have a pair for the occasion. He was on the top wave of\\ninternal ecstasy when the music struck up, and the fantastic toe tripped\\nlightly in unison to its mazy strains. Happiness in great solid chunks\\nbeamed from his delighted countenance, as he chassed down the out-\\nside, cutting enlarged pigeon-wings at every draw of the bow. No\\nbeau present could hold a candle to him, much less discount his\\ngraceful step. But, as if pride must have a fall, as he attempted to\\nbring up to a perpendicular at the toot of the set, he forgot, for the\\nnonce, that he was on a new-fangled planed floor, and his heels\\nslipped out from under him, and he fell flat. He tried to recover his\\nperpendicular, but the tight pants would not yield an inch and he was\\nas helpless as a babe. After repeated trials, to the evident satisfaction\\nof those w T ho had felt snubbed at his course in assuming the lead, some\\nfriend unbuttoned the straps of his pants, and two strong men tilted\\nhim up onto his feet again, and the dance went on. It was thought\\nby his simple-hearted comrades that it was a judgment on him for\\nhis lamentable behavior in thus thrusting himself before his betters.\\nJudge Samuel McRobberts, who came here as Receiver of the Land\\nOffice, built the house south of the square now occupied as a boarding\\nhouse by Mr. Poddinger. The house was considered a very good one\\nfor its day and age. The Judge had a fine pair of horses that he\\nwas sure could not be beat in Vermilion county; but they acquired\\nthe bad habit of getting into a neighbor s corn-field, and one of them\\nwas treated to a dose of salt from a shot gun a remedy which, like\\nmany advertised at the present day, proved so successful in its won-\\nderful properties that unscrupulous persons have counterfeited it. The\\nfact was, that the horse never heard a gun afterward, that he did not\\nrun like a white-head, no matter who was driving; so that the Judge\\ndecided to adopt the remedy of all respectable horsemen, and get rid\\nof that horse.\\nThe first frame building put up in Danville stands still on the cor-\\nner south of the public square and east of Vermilion street. It was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": ",1 S HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbuilt bv Mr. Hubbard for his trade. The lumber and timbers in it\\nwere sawed at Denmark saw-mill, and time has shown that it was very\\nsubstantially built. Murphy Cunningham, live merchants of that\\nday, built a little log store south of the square and west of Vermilion\\nstreet, where they kept a small and select stock of staple dry goods\\nand groceries for a year, and then built a large two-story frame store\\nin front of it, where Martin s block now stands, in 1829. This building\\nwas a good one for the Danville of those times. The upper story was\\nused for various purposes. Occasionally a sermon was preached there\\nby anvone who chanced to be here, and the attendance on such services\\nwas always good for, however the pioneer may have practically viewed\\nthe subject of personal religion, he always realized the stubborn fact\\nthat it is a good thing in a new settlement.\\nD. W. Beckwith and James Clyinan had a small log store on Main\\nstreet, opposite where Force s carriage factory now stands. The stocks\\nof all these merchants were light at that time. There was, of course,\\nonly a limited trade; the people only being prepared to buy few, and\\nthose of the very commonest articles. People made their own candles,\\nsoap, cloth and shoes, and, in a great measure, their sugar, tea, medi-\\ncines, hats, and numerous other articles; but they would at that time\\nbuy tobacco, axes, cutlery, tinware, and a few such things as they could\\nnot make at home.\\nFew of the early comers staid more than a season or two, and pushed\\non further west or north. They were a class of minds who never find\\nthemselves satisfied with anything. Hunting and fishing were their\\nprincipal employments, and their roving dispositions led them farther\\naway from civilization.\\nThe first brick building built in Danville was the one which has\\nrecently been demolished to make room for A. L. Webster s spacious\\nhardware store on Main street. McDonald Roliston were engaged\\nin the business of harness making, and occupied a small building be-\\nlonging to Dr. Fithian. In 1832 they got the contract for making the\\nholsters for the rangers who were out on the war path. Their contract\\nwas for $3.50 per pair, and it looked like a pretty good thing. They\\ndesired to increase their facilities, and commenced to build this brick\\nbuilding for their shop. They dissolved partnership, however, before\\nthe building was completed, and the property fell into the hands of\\nCitizen Smith, as he was familiarly called, and he occupied it for a\\nlong time as a small retail establishment. He made a very popular\\narticle of beer, which he kept on draught, and when General James\\nShields was here, after his return from the Mexican war, it was a\\nfavorite resort for the veterans; though it is thought that Smith did", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 319\\nnot always just exactly relish the free and easy manners which Mexican\\nexperience had engendered in these warrior friends at least, a shade\\nof countenance or mild shrug of shoulder seemed to cause that im-\\npression.\\nThe first carding machine was put into a large wooden building on\\nthe corner just north of the .Etna House, by Nathaniel Beesley.\\nHe put in a large circular tread platform or horse-power, which was\\npropelled by a lively pair of oxen. Mr. Beesley was a preacher of the\\nBaptist denomination, with strong antinomian or hard-shell lean-\\nings. He frequently went away Saturdays, taking his wife with him,\\nto preach on the Sabbath. He invariably locked up his building before\\ngoing away, so, as he used to tell the boys, they would not be tempted\\nto break the Sabbath running his tread-mill for fun. While he held\\nstrongly to the doctrine that what is to be will be, he seemed to\\nhave a nickering hope or fear, as it were, that if he locked up his mill,\\nwhat was to be wouldn t be. The boys never failed to pick the lock\\nwhile the good man was gone, and run his tread-mill for all there was\\nin it. They wanted to see the wheels go round. On one occasion,\\nthe largest boy in the crowd, who was big enough and old enough and\\nought to have known better, got his boot caught in between the re-\\nvolving platform and the side of the building, and the united strength\\nof the frightened youngsters failed to extricate either the foot or the\\nboot. [n this predicament, brother Beesley returned home, full of\\nwrath and righteous indignation at this shocking Sabbath breaking,\\nand, but for the mediation of his good wife, would have given the\\nyoungsters an exemplification of Calvinistic retribution, as he under-\\nstood and preached it, which would have been remembered by them\\nuntil the next good chance to break the Sabbath.\\nThat which is now known as the woolen-mill was first built by Mr.\\nCarter as a carding-mill. The carding process was much more in\\ndemand at that early day, when all the farmers kept a few sheep\\nand made their own cloth. The water to run it was collected from\\nthe springs along the bank and conducted by a dike and flume to\\nthe overshot wheel, and answered the purpose very well. About\\n1850 Messrs. Hobson Aylsworth bought the property and enlarged\\nit, put in the present machinery and built the brick store. Riggs\\nMenig are the present proprietors. They run one set of machinery,\\nemploy about ten hands, and make a very excellent class of goods.\\nThe other woolen-mill is not now in running order.\\nOTHER EARLY INCIDENTS.\\nW. J. Reynolds, a gentleman of musical tastes, and who had re-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "320 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nceived in Boston a thorough musical education, organized the first\\nbrass band in the state in 1847, although a reed band had been organ-\\nized a year previously. He maintained a band here for thirty years,\\nexcept a short time during the war, when pretty nearly all those who\\nwere members of his band were in the service of their country. He\\ndevoted his time largely to music teaching, and during the war twenty\\nbands of which he had been leader were in the service. He also or-\\nganized and directed the first choir in Danville.\\nThe first newspaper established here was in 1832. It was of demo-\\ncratic persuasion. It was started by Mr. Williams and R. H. Bryant.\\nThey run it a few years and then Williams sold to Bryant. He then\\ntook in Loveless as a partner, and then sold to Delay. Bryant after-\\nward bought it back and removed it to Milwaukee, Wis.\\nHANKS.\\nThe State Bank of Illinois was chartered in 1835, to answer a\\ndemand of the public for such banking facilities as in a new country\\nlike this might be considered reasonably safe. Its pattern was the\\nBank of the United States, and, like it, had various branches in differ-\\nent parts of the state. In 1836 Danville had become, at least in pros-\\npect, so important a town that it was deemed suitable that a branch\\nshould be started here. The United States Land Office was here, the\\nNorthern Cross Railroad had been commenced by the state, and busi-\\nness bid fair to be lively. Mr. Mordecai Mobley was sent here to\\nmake the first venture in banking, and rented the little building now\\nstanding south of the public square and east of Vermilion street. He\\nwas president, cashier, teller and clerk was a competent and safe busi-\\nness man, and conducted a safe and very good business. He built\\na stone vault outside the building, which encased his safe, and was the\\nfirst to make a gratuitous distribution of bank-books among his de-\\npositors. This began to look like business. This branch did not issue\\nany bills, but paid out the paper of the parent bank. Everything went\\nprosperousl} until the crash of 183T disorganized all business and put\\nan end to the profits of banking here and elsewhere. Mr. Mobley was\\na lover of good horses and of hunting, and getting a good team\\nhe devoted much of his time, after business became dull, in the sport,\\nsufficient provocation for which existed all around the bush. One\\nmorning he and his Danville branch of the great State Bank of Illi-\\nnois, his family, team and all and singular the various assets there-\\nunto pertaining were found missing, to use a term which, notwith-\\nstanding its significance, was becoming alarmingly common at that\\ntime. But the singular thing about all this was that nobody lost any-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 321\\nthing by it. It is probably the only case on record where a banker ran\\naway between two days without defrauding anybody. The explana-\\ntion of it is that he supposed that if it should become known that a re-\\nmoval of the bank was contemplated, measures would probably have\\nbeen taken to prevent it, and that a removal could be made safer\\nif secretly done, than if it had been noised abroad through the country\\nthat he was about to transfer his property.\\nThe next bank was started by an eastern man by the name of\\nCullum, in 1852. It was what was known as a stock security bank\\nthat is, a certain portion of his capital was invested in state stocks,\\nusually in the stocks of Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee and other\\nsouthern states. The state of Illinois being bankrupt, not having paid\\neven the interest on its debt for fifteen years, her bonds were not con-\\nsidered bankable, and other bonds were sought after. Eastern state\\nstocks could not be purchased, hence when a bank was started southern\\nstate stocks were of necessity taken. When the rebellion occurred, of\\ncourse it became impossible for such states to pay their bonds or the\\ninterest on them, and it is believed that every bank which was estab-\\nlished on this system, which had not previously failed, succumbed.\\nWhile it was in one sense the fault of the system, it is proper to say\\nthat, in its day, it seemed like a safe and wise plan. Mr. Guy Merrill\\nwas appointed cashier of this bank, and it had quarters in the old frame\\nbuilding which stood then where Adams block now stands. It had a\\ncapital of $50,000. Later it removed to a building opposite the Mc-\\nCormack House, which was then the center of business. This was run\\nsuccessfull} 7 for three years, when it was sold to Daniel Clapp, who had\\nneither the requisite capital or experience for safe business, and in\\n1856 he failed. As soon as he failed brokers all over the country stood\\nready to buy his bills for from fifty cents to seventy -five cents on the\\ndollar. Messrs. Tincher English, who had until that time carried on\\na large and growing business, were his assignees, and after closing up\\nhis business opened a private bank. They were men of large experi-\\nence in this vicinity, of sufficient capital for the then state of trade, safe\\nand judicious, and, above all, enjoyed the full confidence of every per-\\nson in the county. Their record since can be summed up in a few\\nwords: Commencing as a private institution in 1856, they successfully\\nweathered the financial storm of 1857, made the first application which\\nwas received at Washington for a charter under the national bank act\\nof 1864, in 1872 increased the capital to $150,000, went through the\\npanic of 1873 without difficulty, and stand to-day a safe and secure\\ninstitution. Mr. John L. Tincher, the head of the firm, was a man of\\nrare qualities. With not many of the advantages of early education and\\n21", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "322 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nculture, he grew steadily to a business man of first-class ability. During\\nall of the latter years of his life, after he had become so established in\\nhis business relations that he could devote the time to the affairs of\\nstate, he served his county and district in public as faithfully, honestly\\nand prudently as he had previously himself in business. He was\\nelected to the state senate in 1866, to the constitutional convention in\\n1 69 again to the senate in 1870, and died at Springfield during the\\nearly part of the following session, a victim to the exacting labors\\nwhich an honest devotion to duty there calls for. There are few men,\\nif any, in Vermilion county who have left behind them a name more\\nhonored or a reputation so unsullied. Taken away in the prime\\nof life, his death was mourned as a public loss.\\nThe real estate firm of Short Wright commenced banking in con-\\nnection with its business about 1865. In 1867 Mr. Abraham Sandusky\\nand Andrew Gundy became partners of Mr. J. C. Short, and continued\\nthe business under the style of the Exchange Bank of J. C. Short\\nCo. This firm was, under Mr. Short s lead, largely engaged in plans\\nfor the development of the great coal interests here, and engaged\\nlargely in building railroads, which at that time bid fair to be largely\\nremunerative, not merely to themselves, but greatly to the advantage\\nof the community. That the plan should have proved a failure is not\\nsurprising; neither should the plan itself be deemed rash. There was\\nevery reason to believe that with the increased market which these\\nnew railroads would supply, the coal beds lying west of Danville\\nwould become very remunerative, and doubtless they will yet become\\nso. When the Exchange bank failed, the Danville Banking and\\nTrust Company was organized upon its ruins. This was of short\\nduration, however, and very soon closed.\\nIn 1873 W. P. J. G. Cannon formed a partnership under the\\nname and style of the Vermilion County Bank, with a capital of\\n$100,000, and are carrying on a successful business. The junior mem-\\nber of the firm is now, and has been for several years, the representa-\\ntive in congress from this district. There seems to have been a pre-\\ndisposition on the part of Vermilion county to put their bankers into\\nlegislative work. Besides Mr. Cannon s congressional service and Mr.\\nTincher s two terms in the state senate and seat in the constitutional\\nconvention, Mr. Short was a member of the house and of the state sen-\\nate, and his partner in the Exchange bank, Mr. Gundy, served as\\na member of the house.\\nLATER BUILDINGS.\\nIn addition to the buildings spoken of, there are in Danville many\\nwhich attract notice. The North-street Methodist church, by the taste", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 323\\nshown by its designer and builder, Mr. Smith, now deceased, by\\nthe nice proportions of its building and spire, delights the eye more\\nthan by any elegance which it may have. The Presbyterian church is\\na substantial and plain edifice, without being extravagant, or ont of\\nproportions with the general unassuming character of the buildings of\\nthe city. The citizens of Danville have almost universally been for-\\ntunate in not spreading out beyond their means in vain attempts at\\nrivalry in building. The Kimler church, in the northwestern portion\\nof the city, is a comfortable though not elegant edifice. The residence\\nof the late Hon. J. L. Tincher, with its ample grounds beautifully\\ndispla} 7 ed with those things which make any home delightful, is one of\\nthe pleasantest in the city. Hon. J. G. English has a large and pleas-\\nant residence on Pine street, where it is easy to imagine the comfort\\nhe may enjoy after the busy hours are over. The fine residence of Mr.\\nBlackburn, which was built by Mr. Townsend in 1874 and 1877, aside\\nfrom its evident appearance of city airs, is one of the beauties of archi-\\ntecture within and without, replete with evidences of elegant taste and\\nhome-like comfort. L. T. Palmer has a large and roomy home, which\\npresents an air of pleasant old homestead life which time only can\\ngive to any edifice and near by, his son-in-law, A. C. Daniel, has\\none in which it seems that a man of moderate means and home-like\\ntastes, might enjoy the hours which are snatched from exacting busi-\\nness pursuits. That old pioneer, Dr. Fithian, who has seen a good\\nmany houses and other things go up in Danville, has a comforta-\\nble and pleasant residence; and Mr. Reason Hooton, whose life runs\\nnearly parallel, has a good home over east of town. The residence\\nbuilt by Mr. Short is also a very good one.\\nThe Vermilion Opera House on the corner of North and Vermilion,\\nwas erected by Messrs. English, Chandler and Dale, in 1873. It is a\\nsubstantial brick building, with Milwaukee brick trimmings, 50x110,\\nwith two fine stores on the ground floor, and above, one of the largest\\nhalls in the state. Cost $20,000. Giddings carriage factory on Hazel\\nstreet, built in 1874, is of brick, 25x150, three stories high. It is one\\nof the most substantial buildings in town, and constructed for manu-\\nfacturing purposes. Cost $9,000. Turner hall, on the east side, is a\\nneat brick building, 24x80, built in 1875. The organ factory of\\nMiller Son is a two-story building, 30x78, built in 1875.\\nJohn Stein built the City Brewery in 1876. It is 60x74, brick,\\nand has a capacity of 400 barrels per month. With its grounds and\\nbuildings it has cost $8,000.\\nThe Illinois Printing Company s building, built in 1875, is two", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "324 H1ST0KY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nstories and basement, brick, 48x100, and was erected expressly for the\\nlarge and varied business of the company.\\nFrazier block, corner of Main and Hazel, 48x85, two stories and\\nbasement, brick with cut-stone trimmings, was built in 1876 by Capt.\\nFrazier, and is occupied by stores and offices. The Lincoln Hall block\\nis older, and was built for stores below and offices in second story and\\nhall in the third story. E. B. v Martin Co. put up the block south of\\nthe square and west of Vermilion street, in 1875. It is 50X80, brick,\\nthree stories high, and occupied by stores and offices. The Giddings\\nblock on Main street, east of the public square, was one of the earliest\\ngood business blocks.\\nThe Metropolitan block, built by Williams *k Coffeen, was built\\nabout 1873, is two stories and basement, and is a well-built business\\nhouse. The National Bank block is one of the finest, architecturally,\\nin the city. Leseurs 1 block and Myers block just west of the bank\\nbuilding, and Short s block and the marble-front block across Main\\nstreet, are all first-class buildings; this latter is a fine three-story and\\nbasement, with iron and stone front, and in its building no expense\\nwas spared to make as solid and substantial building as the best mate-\\nrial could make. It is owned by Mrs. Eva C. Schmit and Mr. Bier,\\nand cost upward of $30,000.\\nA. L. Webster built, during the past year, the fine large brick store,\\n37x80, which is occupied by Giddings tfc Patterson for their iron\\ntrade. It was built expressly for their use, is two stories and base-\\nment, and is all occupied by this firm.\\nThe Union Depot building, at the junction in the northeast part of\\nthe city, is one of the prominent buildings. It was built to accommo-\\ndate the traveling public, as all the railroads which enter the city cross\\nthere. It is three stories, the first being devoted to the offices of the\\ncompany, and waiting-rooms; the upper ones to rooms for guests. It\\nis a fine building, and pleasanth 7 arranged.\\nPOST-OFFICE.\\nAmos Williams,- a gentleman whose superiority as an official is\\nrecognized by every one who has ever looked into the records of the\\ncounty offices, was the first postmaster at Danville. He kept the office\\nat his residence in the south part of the town, south of the McCormack\\nHouse. Mails were received twice a week from Vincennes and twice\\na week from the east. The mail route south went from here to George-\\ntown, thence west to a post-office that was kept for a while where Mr.\\nJosiah Sandusky resides thence on to Paris, in Edgar county. When\\na change in administration called for a change in postmaster in Dan-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "DA N VILLE TOWNSHIP. 325\\nville (for in those good old times civil service reform had not become\\na party watchword), Col. T. R. Moore was appointed, and removed the\\noffice to a store on Main street, west of Smith s block. Josiah Alex-\\nander was postmaster for a while, and then Col. Othniel Gilbert was\\nappointed, and removed it to the Pennsylvania House. There was a\\ngentleman boarding there who seemed to have no very important busi-\\nness here but he had access to the mails. Mr. Cassad} r mailed $1,000\\nto a firm in Cincinnati with whom he was transacting some land busi-\\nness. It never reached its destination, and the genteel boarder leaving\\nsoon after that, suspicion attached to him but he was never traced.\\nAlexander Chesley was next appointed, and took the office to a little\\nbuilding which stood where Captain Frazier s block now is. After him\\nH. G. Boise was appointed, and removed it to the building which has\\nrecently been moved back from Main street to make room for Webster s\\nbuilding. While there it was robbed of several small sums, and the\\ndepredator was discovered by means of decoy letters and sent to the\\npenitentiary. In 1861 Rev. E. Kingsbury was appointed postmaster,\\nand the office was removed to the old Presbyterian Church building,\\nand another robbery followed. A man by the name of Smith, who\\nwas a music teacher, and who was generally respected in the community,\\nwas trusted by Mr. Kingsbury to help in the office but he had not\\nhonesty sufficiently developed in his phrenological make up to with-\\nstand temptation, and went to stealing. Suspicion turned so strong\\ntoward him that Dr. Fithian and Mr. Kingsbury took him one side\\nand asked to search him, and found some of the missing property in\\nhis boots. He was put under arrest, but was bailed out and left the\\ncountry. He was found, however, in Iowa, and had become quite a\\nnoted personage there. He was engaged in teaching a singing school,\\nand the ladies had such faith in his honesty that they followed him to\\nthe train and cried after him. He was convicted and sent to the peni-\\ntentiary. William Morgan succeeded Mr. Kingsbury. He had the\\noffice on the south side of the public square. Col. McKibben followed\\nhim, and died while in office. He kept it in a store near the .Etna\\nHouse. Samuel Fairchild was next, and then C. W. Gregory.\\nMERCANTILE.\\nG. S. Hubbard was the first to open mercantile business here. He\\nwas an Indian-trader, and his business as such was very large. N. D.\\nPalmer was a partner of his. They often had two or three clerks em-\\nployed. The furs which the Indians brought in needed a considerable\\nlabor. It was necessary to sort and pack the furs, and overhaul them\\nfrequently. I). W. Beckwith and James Clynian were early in the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "326 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbusiness then came Murphy Cunningham, the latter of whom is\\nstill residing in Danville, and is the oldest business man residing here.\\nGeorae Scarborough Bro. were here in trade in 1831. Soon after\\nthen Dr. Fithian engaged in trade. He is still living, and has been\\none of the most important factors in the history of the town. Soon\\nafter this J. B. Williams Co., I. R. Moore, Samuel Russell Bro.\\nand Galueha Cole engaged in mercantile trade. W. H. Wells en-\\ngaged in trade here, made a fortune, went to New York City and\\nloaned his money in this country. Palmer Leveridge carried on a\\nlarge business and were prosperous. N. D. Palmer was school com-\\nmissioner and judge of probate. V. P. Leseure commenced business\\nand are still here. Frazier Gessey engaged in trade, and about the\\nsame time Tincher English commenced a prosperous business. James\\nWhitcom, Drs. Palmer Son and E. P. Martin Hesse engaged in\\ntrade.\\nWm. Bandy Son opened up trade. Mr. Bandy had been here\\nalmost from the very first, and had been engaged in nearly every line\\nof business, and had known nearly every person who had ever lived\\nhere. Though not now by any means an old man, he has been more\\nor less actively engaged in business since 1828, and has seen the town\\ngrow from the stump. Among the names that follow after this the\\nfollowing will be recognized Craig Crane, Dr. Woodbury, Charley\\nPalmer, Levi Klein, Joseph Peters, Yates Murphy, A. G. Leverton\\nand Short Bro. There are now in the leading lines of trade nine\\ndry goods firms, twelve clothing and tailoring, eight hardware and im-\\nplement firms, two harnessmakers, two furniture firms, five booksellers,\\nthree drug stores, eight hotels, five milliners, and upward of thirty\\nfirms engaged in the sale of groceries, provisions and fruit.\\nThe earliest settlers came mostly from the southern states and Ohio,\\nfew from New England and New York. Later, of those who are of\\nforeign birth the Germans predominate. They enter into every line\\nof business and labor. Those of Irish birth come next then Belgians,\\nWelsh, Swedes and English, in the order named.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nThe first school, so far as the writer has been able to ascertain the\\nfacts, was taught in a log house which appears to have been put up for\\nthis purpose, standing on the ground where Wright s mill stands. It\\nwas built of huge burr-oak logs, which were fully two feet in diameter,\\nand the ends were left sticking out without being sawn off, with clap-\\nboard roof and puncheon floor. It was rough to outward appearance and\\nhad little to change that appearance inside. With the rudest benches,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 327\\nits walls devoid of anything which would give beauty or help in edu-\\ncation, it had more the appearance of a prison than a modern school-\\nhouse. Maps, charts, blackboards and desks were unknown to the\\nfirst generation of Danville children, but it was determined that the\\nchildren should not freeze to death at any rate. The huge fireplace\\nextended nearly across the room. It was a peculiar institution in its\\nway instead of the chimney beginning at the ground, strong braces\\nextended from the wall near the floor out into the room and upward,\\nand upon these for a k sure foundation the chimney was constructed.\\nIt was not less than six feet wide, and large enough to hoist a good-\\nsized dry-goods box up through it. The fire was built under this, and\\nthe first duty of the accomplished teacher was to teach the smoke to\\ngo up through this clumsy chimney. The smoke was not at first\\nas prone to ascend as the sparks are to fly upward, but after a little it\\nwould make its way out. The wood did not need to be cut up for this\\nfire-place anything short of sled-length would do very well, and\\nafter it was once burned in two in the middle the ends were rolled\\naround into position for burning. This educational beginning must\\nhave been about 1830. The teacher was Mr. Clark, who, though\\nhe did not have to furnish a certificate, was a very successful and ac-\\ncomplished teacher. After teaching very acceptably for a time he en-\\ngaged in the tanning business, and soon after died. After this a house\\nwas built near where the planing-mill now stands, which was used as a\\nschool-house and meeting-house. Here several teachers whose names\\nought to be remembered conducted the school.\\nA charter was granted incorporating the Danville Academy, a stock\\ncompany, in 1836. By its terms every free white person was en-\\ntitled to subscribe for the stock, and every subscriber entitled to a\\nyear s tuition for each share. No permanent organization was per-\\nfected, however. Mrs. Cromwell was a successful school-teacher here\\nat an early day, and several others engaged in teaching private schools\\nup to 1850. The first school taught in the southwestern part of the\\ntownship, at Payne s Point, was by fm. M. Payne, who, from that\\ntime to the present, has been one of the most enterprising and public-\\nspirited men in the county. He has frequently been intrusted with\\nthe public affairs of the town, and served one term as sheriff.\\nIn 1850 the Danville Seminary was incorporated under the pro-\\nvisions of the law which was passed by the legislature in 1849, per-\\nmitting citizens to become incorporated for the purpose of establishing\\nand conducting institutions of learning. The plan originated with the\\nmembers of the Methodist Episcopal church, and their articles of in-\\ncorporation provided that a majority of the trustees should be mem-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "328 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbers of that church, and the teachers should be appointed by its au-\\nthority. The first trustees were Eli Helmick, Benjamin Stewart, E. F.\\nPalmer, Daniel Fairchild, James Partlow, James Dennison and J. H.\\nGilbert. They purchased two acres of land just north of the west end\\nof Main street, and erected a two-story brick building, about 35x65, and\\nemployed S. Munsell as principal. This act, which was really the\\nfirst organized effort to provide a suitable school for Danville, gave\\nrise to a bitter controversy from its sectarian organization, which re-\\nsulted in a sharp, closely-contested slander suit between two of the\\nprominent citizens of Danville. The school prospered notwithstand-\\ning all this, and was a source of great advantage to the town. A cata-\\nlogue of the year 1852-3, which has been preserved by a pupil of that\\ntime, shows that in that year Rev. O. S. Munsell was principal and\\nMrs. Munsell, C. W. Jerome, Miss Sarah Whip and Miss Ellen Green\\nwere teachers. The roll of pupils numbered 206, and includes many\\nnames which have since become very familiar in the business and social\\ncircles of the county. Two courses of study were laid down classical\\nand scientific which embraced all the studies of higher academic edu-\\ncation. The seminary was conducted in a very successful and satisfac-\\ntory manner for twelve years, when by common consent it became\\nmerged in the common schools and the building was used for several\\nvears for such purposes, the corporation still continuing to control the\\nproperty and drawing rent therefor. Another law-suit has grown out\\nof this, having for its object a testing of the legal right of such a corpo-\\nration to continue and to hold property for the purposes it now does.\\nHowever people may, from the accident of their differing standpoint,\\nview the propriety or legality of certain things which have occurred in\\nconnection with the history of the seminary, or however much some\\nthings may have been and still are regretted, there are no two opinions\\nin regard to the grand educational results of the noble institution and\\nthe faithful labors of Messrs. Helmic, Fairchild and others of the board\\nof trust. The corporation may be faulty in its legal essence, but the\\nschool itself was, at a time when no other first-class institution of learn-\\ning was or could be established, the outgrowth of sheer necessity was\\nestablished for a just and noble purpose, and its results have justified\\ntheir judgment and their acts. Prof. Aaron Wood, Prof. P. B. Ham-\\nmond, Mr. McNutt and J. L. Dickinson followed Dr. Munsell as prin-\\ncipals of this school.\\nThe contests which the denominational character of the organization\\nengendered resulted in the establishment of a rival, or, perhaps, rather\\nof another seminary, by citizens who were not members of the church\\nwhich controlled the first. Union Seminary, a joint-stock company,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\n329\\nwas organized March 15, 1851. The trustees were L. T. Palmer, J.\\nA. D. Sconce, S. G. Craig, Gny Merrill and Hamilton White. They\\nsecured proper grounds (about three acres) in the northern part of\\ntown and erected a good building on it, and conducted a school until\\n1862. This seminary was, like the other, very successful in its day.\\nAll the branches usually taught in high schools and academies were\\nconducted, and a very satisfactory standard of education was main-\\ntained. Indeed, it is probable that the rivalry between the two tended\\nto make the instruction in both more thorough and efficient. In the\\nyear 1862 the common-school system was for the first time adopted in\\nthis city. A levy of a state tax which was to be paid to each district\\nin proportion to the number of pupils which attended the district\\nschool, drove all districts into supporting schools. It was well known\\nthat the seminaries could not be maintained in opposition to free\\nschools. Both buildings were rented to the school directors, and Mr.\\nJ. L. Dickinson, who had conducted the\\nseminary the preceding year, was employed\\nby the district and remained principal with\\nnine assistants. The following year Mr.\\nSpillman was employed, and during his ad-\\nministration a new building was erected\\non the ground which the high-school build-\\ning stands on. The district was increased\\nin bounds by taking in territory, and\\nanother school building was added there-\\nMr. Spillman was in charge four years\\nand during his service the schools steadily grew, not merely in num-\\nbers, but in usefulness. He was a strict disciplinarian and a very\\nsuccessful educator. He died here in 1867, just as he was about to\\ncommence another year s labors.\\nMr. D. I). Evans taught for a short time, after which Mr. J. G.\\nShedd, the present successful superintendent, was employed as princi-\\npal, after which Mr. Parker, of Chicago, served the district two years,\\nand C. M. Taylor one, when Mr. Shedd returned, and has acted as\\nsuperintendent since 1877.\\nMr. Shedd was born in Madison county, Ohio, June 23, 1842, and\\nis a son of the Rev. Henry Shedd, a native of New Hampshire, and a\\nminister of the Presbyterian denomination his mother, Lucretia\\n(George) Shedd, is also a native of New Hampshire. Mr. Shedd\\ngraduated in 1865 from the Western Reserve College, of Hudson,\\nOhio, which at that time was a very prominent institution of learning.\\nHe was then engaged as teacher in an academy in Warren county.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "330 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nOhio. Thence he removed to Chicago, where he was connected with\\na private school. In 1868 he came to Danville, 111., and the following\\nyear he connected himself with the public schools of the city, remain-\\ning until 1874. He then v T ent to Macomb, McDonongh county, 111.,\\nwhere he took charge of the public school, and remained about two\\nyears, after which he returned to Danville, in 1877, and was made\\nsuperintendent of public schools, which position he now fills.\\nThe rapid increase in population within the past eight years has\\ncalled for an enormous increase in the cost of the schools, in building\\nand furnishing new buildings, and annually an increase of teachers.\\nFour new buildings have been erected. The high-school building and\\nthe new building east of the railroad are splendid structures for the\\npurposes for which they were built. The schools are divided into high\\nschool (4 rooms), grammar school (8 rooms), primary (18 rooms) total,\\n30. The number of teachers employed in the different buildings is:\\nhigh-school building, 15; East Danville building, 8; South Danville,\\n3 Tincher school, 3 Backbone, 1 total, 30. The whole number of\\npupils enrolled in the different departments is: high school, 102;\\ngrammar department, 411 primary, 1,273 ungraded school, 38 total,\\n1,824. Average daily attendants, 1,152 total cost for each pupil en-\\nrolled per annum, $10.42 number of children of school age in the\\ndistrict, 2,579 number of months school, 9 number of private schools\\nin the district, 3 number of pupils reported in attendance on private\\nschools, 317 number of teachers employed in such, 6 total number\\nof teachers employed, 36; total number of children in schools, 2,141.\\nIn the general management of the schools care has been taken not\\nto let thorough scholarship be forgotten in form or in fact. Here,\\nwithin these walls, under the care of the superintendent, are nearly two\\nthousand children, whose daily business is study. Those parents who\\nmake it a care to look after the way their children are being controlled\\nand educated are not by an} means numerous. The labor and responsi-\\nbility rests mostly on the superintendent and the teachers under him.\\nCases are not rare where parents find the end of their resources and\\npatience in the care of one or two children at home, and feel thoroughly\\nglad when school days come around, that their charges may be off their\\nhands. A close inspection magnifies the work which is being done in\\nthese schools. Written examinations are held in all the grades above\\nthird each month, and it has not been thought best to complicate this\\nwork with term examinations.\\nM. A. Lapham is principal of the high school, D. S. Pheneger of\\nthe east school, L. P. Norvell of the south, and Miss Kate Tennery of\\nthe Tincher school.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 331\\nThe first graduates from the high school were in the year 1872.\\nThe number graduating each year has been In 1872, three; in 1873,\\nsix; in 1874, seven in 1875, two; in 1876, seven in 1877, eight; in\\n1878, four; in 1879, ten; total in eight years, forty-seven. The value\\nof school property now belonging to the district is $50,000 private\\nschool property, $15,000.\\nThe entire course embraces twelve years, six of which comprise the\\nprimary, two the grammar and four the high-school courses. The latter\\nof these embraces algebra, physical geography, zoology, analysis, phil-\\nosophy, botany, chemistry, physiology, geometry, English literature,\\ntrigonometry, astronomy, science of wealth, civil government and his-\\ntory, to which are added in the classical course Latin and Greek.\\nThough commencing at a later day than most of the cities of the\\nstate to develop a common school system, the citizens who have had\\nthe charge of the matter have been faithful and progressive, and the\\nschools are to-day^ the pride of the city.\\nPRIVATE SCHOOLS.\\nProf. E. Chilcoate, a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University,\\noccupies the building of the Danville Seminary, for conducting the\\nDanville Normal and Academic Institute. The course of study in-\\ncludes the higher branches usually taught in such institutes, to which\\nmusic and drawing have been added. Prof. Yandersteen lias charge of\\nvocal and instrumental music.\\nThe German Lutheran school is conducted under the authority of\\nthe church and congregation, and is under the charge of Prof. G. A.\\nAlberns and an assistant. The school is kept up under the rule of the\\nchurch in conformity to the old country doctrine that religious instruc-\\ntion is a legitimate portion of school education in fact, that the first\\nduty to the child is instruction in the religious doctrines of the church.\\nThe rule of the church does not require members of the congregation\\nto send their children to this school, but it does require them to sup-\\nport the school. The average attendance upon this school, which is\\ncarried on in a building adjoining the church, is about two hundred.\\nThe teacher is appointed by the congregation, and he must report to\\nthat body. The expense is annually about $1,000, and is borne largely\\nby those who pay considerable taxes to support the public schools. All\\nthe English branches are taught in English, and reading, spelling and\\nwriting in German. The school is too crowded to be as prosperous as\\nit otherwise would be. It has been in existence twelve years.\\nThe German Catholic school has its location upon the east side of\\nthe railroad, and is supported by the church. The teacher is appointed", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "332 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nby the bishop of this diocese. It has been irregularly conducted for\\nseveral years, that is, at irregular times, in consequence of this church\\nbeing frequently left without a priest in charge. The large increase of\\nGerman Catholic societies in this country renders frequent vacancies in\\nthe smaller churches necessary. The school building is 32x44, and\\nthe average attendance about fifty. It is under the charge of L. Hahn,\\nwho was educated at Aix La Chapel le, Germany. The primary\\nbranches are taught in the English language, reading in both languages.\\nReligious instruction in catechism and the duties to the church are\\nobligatory. Prof. Hahn is an accomplished teacher, and is making a\\ngood impression on the school and community. He has taught two\\nyears. Singing is always taught, Mohr s Cantata being used as the\\nsinging book.\\nORGANIZATIONS.\\nThe County Historical Society was organized under the general\\nlaw for such associations, October 23, 1877, having for its laudable ob-\\njects to collect and preserve samples of the agricultural, pomological,\\nmineralogical, geological and other products of the county also de-\\nscriptions and pedigrees of the blooded stock, specimens of birds, fishes,\\ninsects, fossils and archeology and also to collect and preserve a library\\nof historical, scientific and miscellaneous books, periodicals, pamphlets\\nand manuscripts, to be examined, used and preserved under such rules\\nand regulations as the society may adopt. Hiram W. Beckwith, W.\\nIt. Jewell and J. C. Winslow were selected as managers the first year.\\nThe board of supervisors gave the society the occupancy of the two\\nsouthwestern rooms in the second stoiy of the court-house, and Mr.\\nWinslow, curator, has made considerable progress in securing and\\narranging collections. Active, working standing committees were\\nappointed on the following branches of the work of the society:\\n1st, lectures 2d, library 3d, botany, zoology and archeology 4th,\\ngeology and mineralogy 5th, agricultural products.\\nThe by-laws provide that an initiatory fee of $5 shall be paid\\non becoming members, and that the ladies of the families of mem-\\nbers shall be entitled to all the rights of membership. The officers\\nare J. G. English, president W. P. Chandler, vice-president H. A.\\nCoffeen, secretary; E. D. Steen, treasurer; J. C. Winslow, curator;\\nII W. Beckwith, W. P. Jewell and C. M. Taylor, managers. Several\\ncases have already been filled with books and articles which come un-\\nder the various heads of their preserving care, Indian relics, antiquities\\nand interesting articles of merit.\\nVermilion county is exceedingly prolific of things which will yet be\\nfound in the historical and antiquarian archives of this young society.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :V.\\\\:\\\\\\nThe faces of men who have been prominent in her political, busi-\\nness or religious history would of themselves form a most interesting\\ngallery. Early copies of newspapers, catalogues, sketches of the old build-\\nings which are now fast passing away, and hundreds of other interest-\\ning things. The researches which have been made in collecting the\\nmaterial for this History of Vermilion County have brought to\\nlight many interesting things which may be made useful in enriching\\nthe material of this society, and even the defects which may be found\\nto exist in it may be made available, in so far as they may call atten-\\ntion to certain corrections and additions necessary to perfect history.\\nThe Danville Lyceum was organized July 4, 1878. Its objects\\nare the mutual improvement of its members in literature and debate.\\nIt numbers forty members, and has the nucleus of a library. They\\nhope to succeed in securing the benefit of the bequest of James M.\\nCulbertson, who left at his death $2,000 to be expended in the purchase\\nof a library, one half of which should be for the permanent benefit of\\nthe Presbyterian Church, of which body he had long been an honored\\nmember and officer, the other half should go into a public library\\nwhenever an equal amount should be raised for that purpose. The\\nbooks were purchased by a committee chosen under the provisions of\\nthe bequest, and are now in the library room of the church, where\\nthey are practically free to all. The laudable object of the donor seems\\nnow to be in a fair way of being accomplished through the Lyceum.\\nThe meetings are held weekly. The officers are: J. I). Benedict,\\npresident; W. L. French, vice-president; W. C. Johnson, secretary;\\nA. Sommers, treasurer W. Heater, marshal G. W. Why te, librarian\\nW. J. Calhoun, J. D. Benedict, J. B. Samuels, P. E. Northrup, J. W.\\nWhyte, directors.\\nHacker s Band was organized in 1878, and is composed of the fol-\\nlowing members and pieces: F. C. Hacker, leader; A.Watson, drum-\\nmajor A. Hutter, E-flat clarionet S. Reams, E-flat cornet Joseph\\nMcAlefee, B-flat cornet; Charles Hacker, B-flat clarionet; Charles\\nPoke, solo alto Charles Leverence, first alto Christian Leverence,\\ntenor John Lewis, baritone John Anders, B-flat bass Theodore\\nPoll, tuba C. M. Colter, tenor drum Christian Evert, bass drum.\\nThe Danville Orchestra is composed of the following: V.\\nHacker, leader; A. Watson, flute; A. Hutter, clarionet; John Lewis,\\nviolin S. Beams, violin, and Joseph McAlefee, bass viol.\\nThe County Agricultural Society was organized at Danville in 1852.\\nAfter its second fair it located grounds at Catlin, and a history of it will\\nbe found in the sketch of that township. Hon. J. H. Oak wood has been\\nfrom the first one of its most determined and energetic promoters.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "334 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe Farmers and Mechanics Institute was organized at Danville in\\n1859, and has held annual fairs since. Their grounds are adjacent to\\nthe city limits on the north, where they have sixteen acres, which\\nare beautifully shaded and supplied with comfortable buildings, amphi-\\ntheater, floral hall, etc. The principal features of their annual fairs\\nhave been the mechanical displays and the large show of blooded stock\\nwhich have been drawn by the liberal premiums offered. L. T. Dick-\\nason, president; James Knight, vice-president; W. M. Bandy, secre-\\ntary W. S. McClenathan, assistant secretary V. Leseure, treasurer.\\nThis society has always been prosperous in its management, and like\\nthe regular county society seems to merit public approbation.\\nThe Moss Bank park was laid out by Hon. John C. Short, when he\\nwas proprietor of the property west of town. About eighty acres was\\nlaid out in drives and walks, the proprietor intending to make it\\na pleasant place for spending a shady hour, or a retreat from the dusty\\nstreets of Danville. It abounds in shade, and by nature is beautifully\\nsituated for such a purpose.\\nMILITIA.\\nBattery A, First Regiment Illinois National Guards, was first\\norganized in 1875. Captain, Scott; first lieutenant, A. P. Matthews;\\nsecond lieutenant, E. Winter. It was reorganized March 17, 1876.\\nCaptain, E. Winter first lieutenant, J. G. Field second lieutenant,\\nS. W. Denny first sergeant, H. J. Hall quartermaster s sergeant,\\nW. W. Woodbury; commissary sergeant, C. D. Eoff; first duty ser-\\ngeant, J. Haptenstall second, S. Thompson; third, Wm. Cummings.\\nIt numbers fifty-three men, rank and file; is supplied with two ten-\\npound Parrott guns, and with the United States regulation uniform.\\nIts armory is in Bier s hall.\\nThe Danville Guards was organized February, 1876. Captain,\\nL. T. Dickason first lieutenant, Edgar C. Dodge; second lieutenant,\\nJ. D. Benedict first sergeant, Jacob Goth second sergeant, L. D.\\nGass third sergeant, A. C. Bristow fourth sergeant, James Pate\\nfifth sergeant, J. D. Harrison. The company is the only organized\\nmilitia company in the county. It numbers thirty-seven men, and\\nis equipped and uniformed. Its armory is Hesse s hall.\\nCOAL.\\nThe coal interest has, since the railroads have opened up a market\\nfor it, proved one of the most important to the county. Though\\nlargely belonging to, so far as its locality is concerned, Danville town-\\nship, it appertains in a more general way to the county.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 335\\nIt is a singular arrangement of nature, of which no very satisfactory\\nexplanation has r et been given, that coal is generally only found along\\ntimber belts, or in close proximity to the streams which are an accom-\\npaniment of these belts. As a rule, no coal has been found in this state\\nrive miles away from these streams and forests. It is no part of the\\nduty of the historian to advance theories in explanation of this seem-\\ningly strange coincident. For several T ears after the settlement of the\\ncounty, though coal was known to exist here, there was no demand for\\nit beyond the small amount needed in blacksmithing, and hence there\\nwas no mining.\\nIn 1855 the general assembly (February 14) incorporated the Dan-\\nville Coal Mining Company. Ward H. Lamon and others associated\\nwith him were by this act authorized as a corporation to engage in\\nmining coal, iron, salt and other minerals, and the sale of salt, iron,\\nlime and other mineral products. The time had not come, however,\\nto carry on such business, and nothing was done under this charter.\\nBefore this date, however, coal was being mined or stripped in small\\nquantities. Dudley Lacock, who in 1854 removed to Livingston coun-\\nty, owned a considerable tract west of Danville, where the extensive\\ncoal mines are, and dug out some of it, which found slow sale. Cyrus\\nTennery early commenced the enterprise, which he continued for some\\nyears. W. Carruthers and Ball commenced mining as early as 1853,\\nand farther south Mr. Kirkland opened up the business. Chandler\\nDonlan were the first to engage extensively in mining, and were fol-\\nlowed by Peter R. Leonard. Michael Kelley has for more than tw r enty\\nyears carried on an extensive business in stripping along the North\\nFork, and employs a number of hands in such business yet. Charles\\nDobbins has for some years carried on the same business, as have also\\nWm. Shaw and B. Bensel. In the Grape Creek region \u00c2\u00a5m. Kirkland,\\nHugh Blakney and Graves and Lofferty have carried on the business\\nwhile still farther south, along the streams which flow through George-\\ntown and Elwood, numerous parties have from time to time opened\\nup small mines, and some continue to operate them. The Carbon\\nCoal Company, the Ellsworth Company, the Moss Bank Coal Com-\\npany and others have operated in corporate capacities more or less. In\\nCatlin township several shafts were sunk, accounts of which, and of\\ntheir failures and successes, more extended notice is made under the\\nappropriate heading.\\nThe fine body of coal lands lying just west of the city, and known\\nas Moss Bank, was opened up and worked by J. C. Short Co., and\\nbecame the property of the Paris Danville railroad, and with that\\nroad was transferred and became the property of the Danville South-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwestern Railroad Company. General R. H. Carnahan has been for\\nsome years past in charge of the mining operations of this company,\\nand is carrying on a large business.\\nThe Ellsworth Company s mines south of the river are now under\\nthe exclusive management of A. C. Daniel, Esq., who is successfully\\nraising several hundred tons per da,j. Various parties have worked\\nsmall mines or banks all over the coal tract.\\nThe great depression which the coal interest has gone through has\\noperated to reduce the amount of coal raised and the profits, which\\nseemed to be assured, and many have seen the utter failure of their\\nplans and prospects. A writer in 1870 made the following statement\\nAnd when we call to mind that each acre contains ten thousand tons\\nof coal, and that it is worth two cents per bushel to the proprietors\\nwhen placed in the cars, it is apparent that the only financial ques-\\ntion with them is to exhaust the coal, as at that rate the land will yield\\n$5,000 per acre. This seemed like a very moderate estimate, and\\nprobably has been, and yet will be, exceeded. There is a wealth of\\ngreat magnitude, not only in the value of the hidden mineral there,\\nbut in the labor which for ages to come it will afford hundreds of\\nlaborers in its mines, and thousands of artisans in the various indus-\\ntrial enterprises which it must draw around it. This does not alone\\ngive a profit to the proprietors and the tradesmen, but it spreads\\nthrough every artery and enlivens every business. No community or\\nstate ever became strong, financially or intellectually, which depended\\nalone on one branch of industry, however prosperous it may have been.\\nIt is the coal mines of England which have made her Mistress of the\\nSeas and has made her Mother-queen Empress of India. The reader\\nshould not draw from this that the Moss Bank and South Danville\\nmines will some time make General Carnahan or Mr. Daniel vice-\\ngerents of the world, but they will give to Danville a permanent\\nprominence of which nothing can deprive her.\\nThough changing the subject slightly, a little reminiscence of the\\nwar record of the General of Moss Bank must find a place here.\\nAVhen the general was plain Mr. Carnahan, residing in Fairbury, Liv-\\ningston county, he raised company 1\\\\, of the 3d regiment of Illinois Cav-\\nalry, which the Carr brothers led into the heart of Dixie. While\\nGrant was making that brilliant succession of masterly movements which\\nresulted in closing around Vicksburg, and fulfilling the promise that\\nhe would give us Vicksburg by the 4th of July, Governor Yates\\nwent down to see the boys and to learn something more of the\\ngreat leader whom he had given to the army. During the sharp\\nengagement at Port Gibson, civilian like, he found himself in the hot-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "^i^-JUt", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\n337\\ntest of the fight, where they were actually shooting balls. Captain\\nCarnahan, recognizing his danger and not thinking that it was neces-\\nsary to sacrifice a war governor that victory might be assured,\\nadvised the governor to get behind a fallen tree, and held his horse for\\nhim until the rebel attack was repulsed. Governor Yates felt grateful\\nfor the Captain s aid, and rapid promotion soon followed. When the\\nregiment reinlisted as veterans, Captain Carnahan was assigned to the\\nduty of filling up the regiment, and received the appointment of lieu-\\ntenant-colonel was promoted colonel, and at the close of hostilities\\nretired to private life after a short Indian campaign, as general. Some-\\nhow he connects his good fortune with that little incident at Port Gib-\\nson. In writing the History of Livingston County the writer failed\\nto make proper mention of the services of one of her most gallant\\nsoldiers, for the reason that in the adjutant-general s report his resi-\\ndence was put down at Danville. Ignorant of the facts then, he desires\\nhere to make the only amends in his power to make. No truer soldier\\nor more accomplished officer ever went into the service of his country\\nfrom that county, and his comrades in arms unite in saying that his\\npromotion was based upon better reasons than the accident of his saving\\na war governor from a chance rebel bullet. Livingston county having\\nfailed to take the credit of his loyal service, Vermilion county will\\nassume it.\\nELLSWORTH COAL SHAFT.\\nThe following figures are taken from the last annual report of the\\ncounty inspector of mines, June, 1879 Number of shafts, 15 number\\nof drifts, 14 number of slopes, 3 number of strip banks, 22 number\\nof men employed, 325 number of mules and horses employed, 100\\n22", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nnumber of tons raised in 1878, 200,000, which at four cents per bushel\\nis $200,000.\\nBUSINESS.\\nThe Illinois Printing Company was organized under the laws of the\\nstate in 1874, it being a continuation, so far as its business is con-\\ncerned, of the printing tirm of G. W. Flynn cv; Co., and the Danville\\nNews. Capital, $50,000. Its business is the carrying on of the\\nprinting business, the publication of the Danville News, a daily\\nmorning paper with a weekly edition the printing and binding of\\ncounty blanks and records, railroad printing, fair and show printing in\\nall its forms, and everything pertaining to the art preservative.\\nG. W. Flynn is president and manager W. R. Jewell is vice-president\\nand editor, and J. H. Woodmansee, secretary and treasurer. The com-\\npany has a fine building built expressly for the business, and is pro-\\nvided with all latest improved machinery for so large a business. They\\nhave the Taylor, Hoe, Gordon and Colter presses, employ about forty\\nhands, and propose to conduct stereotyping as a branch of their business.\\nThe Danville Commercial Company was organized under the state\\nlaw by J. C. Short ife Co., for the purpose of publishing the Danville\\nCommercial, and earring on a general printing business. Several\\nchanges have been made in its officers, but its business has continued to\\nbe the same. It publishes the Daily Commercial and a weekly edi-\\ntion, carries on a regular printing business in all its branches, has a full\\nsupply of all that goes to make up a first-class printing house. In\\n1871, J. C. Short Co. having disposed of what stock they still held\\nin the company, a reorganization took place, and A. Harper was elected\\npresident Park T. Martin, secretary and editor, and later, Mr. A. J.\\nAdams became business manager. Under the management of these\\ngentlemen, who have had large experience in the printing and publish-\\ning business, a thriving business is being carried on.\\nThe Great Western Machine and Engine Shops are at present be-\\ning carried on by Mr. P. Pollard, doing a general machine and foundry\\nbusiness, steam and gas-ritting, and engine and boiler making. His\\nbuildings and shops are near the Wabash railway depot, and built of\\nbrick, with sixty-two feet front on Depot street and one hundred on\\nthe railroad, the pattern shop being two stories. Frisbie Williams\\nbegan this business in 1865, and in 1869 J. V. Logue bought Williams\\ninterest, and it continued under the name of Frisbie, Logue Co.\\nuntil 1871. During this time and until the panic, a large and lucra-\\ntive business was carried on in stationary and portable engines, castings,\\nhouse-fronts, railroad work, and all the various branches of the trade.\\nAbout thirty hands were employed, and often it was necessary to run", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\nniglit and day to \u00c2\u00b1111 orders. Thompson Pollard purchased the\\nworks in 1874, and the business was becoming again prosperous and\\npressing, when Mr. Thompson s death, recently, made a change in the\\nfirm name only.\\nWilliam Stewart is carrying on a general foundry and machine shop\\nnear the Junction. The foundry and blacksmith shop is 40X75, brick.\\nThe buildings were all burned but the pattern shop last year, and the\\nmachine shop has not yet been rebuilt, but will be another year, 60 X 80,\\nof brick. Mr. Stewart is the successor of Reynolds Stewart, has\\n$5,000 capital invested in the business, and employs about fifteen\\nhands.\\nD. Force commenced the carriage making business here about 1867.\\nHis shops are at the west end of Main street, where the town began.\\nHe makes only fine work carriages, spring wagons and sleighs. He\\noccupies seven shops, and employs on an average sixteen hands. His\\nmarket is principally at home, although he has formerly found market\\nfor some in Texas.\\nWilliam Whitehill, whose shops are in the same vicinity, carries on\\na similar line of business, and employs eleven hands usually, and like\\nMr. Force, finds sale for most of his work at home where it is best\\nknown.\\nWilliam Grabs carries on the steam bottling works in his shop on\\nWest Main street.\\nMorris, Hurley Co., cabinet makers and builders, are established\\nin the old Grange Store east of the railroad.\\nJ. Miller Son are engaged in making cabinet, parlor and church\\norgans. Mr. Miller has been engaged in the business thirty years. In\\n1875 the firm built their present factory east of the railroad, and em-\\nploy about eight hands. Their organs have stood the test of the most\\nthorough trial.\\nThe wrought-iron wagon works have carried on a pretty large busi-\\nness in past times.\\nJ. T. Amos has been carrying on the business of tile making for\\nabout two years, four miles west of town. The attention of farmers\\nhas been so generally called to the advantage of tile-draining that the\\nmanufacture of tile has become an important branch of industry. A. C\\nGarland commenced the manufacture of tile at his factory near the\\nI. B. W. depot, this spring, and will increase his facilities somewhat.\\nThe .Grange Store was one of the institutions which the whirli-\\ngig of time, or the march of events, or the stern logic of facts\\nbrought into existence at Danville. It was a joint stock company with\\n$3,000 capital, and proposed to do away with middlemen, largo", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "340 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nprofits, and all the ills that the farmers of Vermilion county were\\nsuffering under. Finding that more capital was necessary it was nomi-\\nnally increased to $15,000, and the subscriptions to the stock were con-\\nditioned on the full amount of the $15,000 being subscribed. The\\nstore did a general business, a general trusting business,- deal-\\ning in groceries, implements and every salable thing. When it failed\\nthe stock subscriptions could not be collected on account of the stipula-\\ntions, and notes that had been given had been changed so that they were\\nuncollectable. Mr. Charles Giddings was assignee and succeeded in\\npaying about 45 per cent of the indebtedness. It was so fearfully\\nmixed up that he begs to be excused from ever winding up another\\nreform store.\\nBUILDING ASSOCIATIONS, CEMETERIES, ETC.\\nThere are in Danville four associations formed under the act of the\\nlegislature approved April 4, 1872, To enable associations of persons\\nto become a body corporate, to raise funds to be loaned only among\\ntheir members, having for their object the assisting of persons who\\nhave small means to secure homes at about the price which they would\\nnecessarily pay per week for rent.\\nThe Danville People s Building and Loan Association was\\norganized in 1873, with W. P. Cannon, president Win. Giddings, vice-\\npresident; Asa Partlow, secretary; P. A. Short, treasurer, and F. W.\\nPenwell, attorney, who, with J. H. Miller, O. S. Stewart, W. J. Henry,\\nGeo. Dillon, G. W. Jones, J. P. Holloway and C. U. Morrison, consti-\\ntute the board of directors. The capital stock is limited to $400,000.\\nThe books were closed when 3,313 shares had been subscribed, at $100\\neach. There are now only 775 shares in force.\\nThe Mechanics Building and Homestead Association of Danville\\nperfected its organization November 22, 1873, with W. W. P. Wood-\\nbury, president W. A. Brown, vice-president J. H. Phillips, secretary\\nE. H. Palmer, treasurer, and J. W-. Jones, attorney. The 2,500 shares\\nof capital stock authorized was subscribed. No person is permitted to\\nsubscribe for more than 40 shares. There are still in force 790 shares.\\nThe pressure of the times has compelled the association to assume some\\nof the property which its members had given security on.\\nThe Danville Benefit and Building Association was chartered June\\n12, 1874, a few days before the act repealing the act authorizing such asso-\\nciations took effect. An organization was effected February 28, 1877.,\\nwith J. G. Holden, president; S. H. Stewart, secretary, and T. S. Parks\\ntreasurer, and twelve directors. The same officers have continued till\\nnow. The authorized capital is $1,000,000, in shares of $100 each.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :J41\\nThe rirst series of 2,000 shares is now fall, and a second one was\\nopened March, 1879.\\nThe Danville Building and Savings Association, organized August\\n20, 1873, with Judge E. S. Terry, president; J. G. Holden, vice-presi-\\ndent; V. Leseure, secretary; A. S. W. Hawes, treasurer, and J. P. Nor-\\nvell, attorney. The capital stock was $250,000. The business of the\\ncompany has always been very safely managed, and in no case has there\\nbeen any property thrown on its hands by foreclosures. Four hundred\\nand sixty-eight live shares now remain. The officers are J. G. Hol-\\nden, president; Dudley Watrous, vice-president; B. E. Bandy, secre-\\ntary; A. S. W. Hawes, treasurer; J. P. Norvell, attorney, who, with\\nthe following, compose the board of directors V. Leseure, G. L.\\nEnglish, C. K. Miers, C. J. Palmer, J. B. Mann, E. E. Boudenott,\\nJ. W. Dale.\\nCEMETERIES.\\nLike all new places, Danville had for several years various places\\nfor burying the dead. At first each country church had its grave-\\nyard, and only those who from religious scruples or by church pro-\\nscription were compelled to select some particular place which had\\nbeen set apart by some form, were secure from having the last earthly\\nresting place of their beloved dead interfered with by caprice or care-\\nlessness. The tract which was given by Mr. Amos Williams, and in\\nwhich the remains of the donor and of his wife still lie, was never\\nsufficiently guarded from various encroachments to which such quasi\\npublic grounds are ever subjected. These and other reasons caused\\nthose who had been recently called on to bury some loved one to look\\naround for some more suitable place, and one which could be beautified\\nby art; so that, so far as human hands could do it, the old-fashioned,\\nfoolish, yawning terrors of the grave might be banished. To Mr.\\nJ. G. English, more, perhaps, than to any one other man, the citizens of\\nDanville are indebted for the present appropriate city of the dead. 1\\nMaking known his views to Mr. J. C. Short, Dr. Woodbury, Mr. Le-\\nseure and A. S. Williams, an association was formed under the laws of\\nthe state, and fifty acres of land was purchased north of town, for\\nwhich $2,000 was paid by these gentlemen, they undertaking the\\nexpense, expecting to be reimbursed by the sale of lots when the\\norganization was perfected. April 28, 1864, the name of Spring Hill\\nCemetery was taken. Mr. English was elected president J. C. Short\\nsecretary and treasurer, and Messrs. Woodbury, Williams and Leseure\\ndirectors. To Mr. Bowman the labor was assigned of visiting other\\ncities and deciding on the plan of laying out and this labor has been\\nso acceptably done that very little more could be done to add to the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nappropriateness of the grounds. Mr. Bowman adopted the park or\\nlandscape style of laying out the land, giving here and there, as the\\nmake of the surface would suggest, a well-graveled road, a running\\nstream or elegant lake to diversify the beauty of the peaceful place.\\nSeveral thousand dollars have been expended in the work, and so well\\nhas it been received that most of the lots in the first fifteen acres laid\\nout have been disposed of, and the first and second additions are under\\nimprovement. The business of the association is still in the hands of\\nthe same board of directors, with the exception of the substitution of\\nMr. W. T. Cunningham in place of Mr. Short since his removal from\\nthe city. The rules of the association provide against unsightly fences\\nor inclosures, and any improper buildings, vaults or superstructures\\nagainst cutting down the trees; against the growing of unsightly trees\\nor shrubs, and against improper monuments. The care of the grounds\\nis. provided for, and places are set apart for the resting place of soldiers\\nand for a monument to the hero dead.\\nThe Roman Catholics and Lutherans have separate burial places,\\nwhteh are under the management and rules of their respective churches.\\nTOW r NSHIP OFFICERS, ETC.\\nThe following is a list of the principal township officers elected in\\nDanville since the date of township organization\\nSupervisor. Clerk. Assessor and Collector.\\nJ. A. D. Sconce W. E. Russell W. M. Payne.\\nJ. A. D. Sconce W. E. Russell J. G. Mills.\\nJ. A. D. Sconce J. A. Davis J. G. Mills.\\nIsaac Froman J. A. Davis W. M. Payne.*\\nWilliam Bandy W. M. Payne W. M. Payne.*\\nEnoch Kingsbury J. M. Payton W. M. Payne.\\nJ. W. Miers David Morgan T. R. Forbes.\\nJ. W. Miers J. M. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nJ. W. Miers J. M. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nLevin T. Palmer J. M. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nLevin T. Palmer J. M. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nW. M. Payne J. M. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nW. J. Moore H. W. Beckwith J. H. Miller.\\nW. J. Moore H. W. Beckwith J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer A. Matthews J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer A. Matthews J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer C. B. Holloway J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer H. C. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer H. C. Lesley J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer W.J. Davis J. H. Miller.\\nL. T. Palmer W. J. Stewart J. H. Miller.\\nJ. G. Holden D. K. Woodbury J. H. Miller.\\nIn 1854 A. P. Chesley was elected collector, and in 1855, T. R. Forbes.\\nDate.\\nVote.\\n1851..\\n1852.\\n99....\\n1853..\\n171....\\n1854.\\n175....\\n1855..\\n152....\\n1856..\\n248....\\n1857..\\n297....\\n1858..\\n329...\\n1859..\\n321....\\n18G0.\\n401....\\n18 il..\\n345\\n18G2..\\n445....\\n18G3..\\n1864.\\n560...\\n1865.\\n429....\\n1866.\\n642....\\n1867..\\n823....\\n1868..\\n898....\\n1869..\\n701....\\n1870.\\n850....\\n1871\\n954...\\n1872..\\n917....", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 343\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor and Collector.\\n1873 765 J. G. Holden John Miers, Jr J. H. Miller.\\n1874.... 1251.... J. G. Holden H. C. Smith T. S. Parks.\\n1875.... 1242.... J. G. Holden H.C.Smith J.H.Miller.\\n1876 1254 J. G. Holden John Lane J. H. Miller.\\n1877. .1683. J. G. Holden John Lane J. H. Miller.\\n1878 1380 J. G. Holden John Lane J. H. Miller.\\n1870.... 1378.... J. G. Holden John Lane J. H. Miller.\\nThe justices of the peace have been Nelson Maddox, Milton Lesley,\\nBenj. Stewart, A. E. Howe, H. Cunningham, H. G. Boyce, George\\nHillary, Benj. Sanders, J. C. Prather, S. Stansbury, A. A. Dunseth,\\nJ. A. Bradley, Wm. M. Payne, G. W. English, J. M. Pay ton, J. W.\\nStansbury, P. H. McMillen, J. A. Prather, J. McMahan, John Green,\\nH. C. Elliott, G. Klingenspor, James Bracewell, J. W. Parker, Wm.\\nMorgan and Peter Wilber.\\nThose who have been elected commissioners of highways are S. L.\\nPayne, J. G. Davidson, G. H. Graves, R. Hooton, W. M. Payne, E. G.\\nCross, M. Moudy, John Johns, L. T. Palmer, Benj. Crane, Nathaniel\\nHenderson, J. L. Tincher, D. Kyger, George Hillary, J. Hinds, J. W.\\nMiers, H. W. Beckwith, W. W. R. Woodbury, V. Leseure, J. Q. Yillars,\\nA. S. Williams, Geo. Rust, J. H. Andrews, M. Mitchell.\\nIn the year 1865 Danville became entitled to an assistant supervisor,\\nand J. L. Tincher was elected to that position, and continued to hold\\nit until his death, in 1871, since which H. M. Kimball, Wm. Morgan,\\nJames Knight and J. Donnelly have served in that capacity.\\nRAILROAD BONDS AND SPECIAL VOTES.\\nIn 1857, at the town meeting, the question of forming a new county\\nwas voted on, and resulted in a vote of 36 for, to 252 against, such\\nproposed division of the county. In 1859, when the proposition was\\nvoted on to erect the county of Ford, the vote was 287 for, to IS\\nagainst, such proposition. The same year a vote for or against the con-\\ntinuance of township organization resulted in 53 for, to 254 against, its\\ncontinuance.\\nIn 1863 a proposition was submitted to vote which was called U A\\nSystem of Bridges 1 throughout the county. The vote was 515 for, to\\n2 against, showing that it was immensely popular at Danville.\\nThe following is the record of all township votes on the various\\nquestions of aid to railroads:\\nIn May, 1867, the question of levying a tax in aid of the Chicago,\\nDanville Vincennes Railroad, provided said road run east of North\\nFork and through the corporate limits of the city, resulted in 441 for,\\nto 23 against, such levy. July 9 of the same year another special town", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": ":U4 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmeeting voted (the former not seeming to have been specific enough),\\nby 500 to 23, in favor of said aid, provided the main line run into the\\ncorporate limits, as prescribed by the act incorporating Danville, in\\nforce February 15, 1855. This proposition to be in lieu of all others\\nthat had been voted for previously.\\nTo make this still more specific (it will be seen that the people\\nwere learning something all this time), another meeting was held,\\nwhich voted on the proposition submitted in this form For or\\nagainst giving $52,000 to the Chicago, Danville Yincennes Rail-\\nroad, provided the road is located and shall run into the city of Dan-\\nville on a line between the North Fork of the Vermilion River and\\nStony Creek, and intersect the Toledo, Wabash Western Railroad\\nnorth of the Vermilion River and within the city limits. Upon this\\nproposition the vote was 407 for, to 6 against. The vote on the propo-\\nsition leaving out all after the word and was only 204 in the affirma-\\ntive.\\nAugust 28 a special town meeting was held to vote for or against a\\nsubscription of $100,000 to the capital stock of the Danville, Urbana,\\nBloomington Pekin Railroad, under the terms of the act chartering\\nsaid road, and on condition that the main track of said road be con-\\nstructed in and to the city of Danville. The vote resulted in 285 for,\\nto 30 against, the proposition.\\nAugust 25, 1868, a special town meeting was held to vote for or\\nagainst a proposition to appropriate $20,000 additional to the Chicago,\\nDanville Vincennes Railroad, on terms exactly similar to the former\\none. The vote was 114 in the affirmative, and 11 in the negative. It\\nwill be seen that the voters were getting tired of voting.\\nDecember 11, 1869, a special town meeting was held to vote for or\\nagainst a proposition to subscribe $25,000 to the capital stock of the\\nParis Danville Railroad, on the express conditions (1st) that said\\nsubscription is to be paid for by the bonds of said township, payable in\\nfifteen years absolutely, or sooner at the option of said township, and\\nto bear interest at the rate of ten per cent per annum and (2d) that\\nsaid bonds are not to bear date, nor be delivered, nor to bear interest,\\nuntil said railroad is completed, equipped with rolling stock and run-\\nning in successful operation from Paris, in Edgar county, in and to the\\ncity of Danville, in Vermilion county, Illinois; and (3d) that no part\\nof said railroad shall be located or built west of the North Fork of the\\nVermilion River in said city of Danville; and (4th) that said railroad\\nshall be completed and in successful operation from Paris to Danville,\\naforesaid, within five years from this date. 1 Upon this proposition,\\nthus hedged, as it would seem, with conditions of becoming caution,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 345\\nthe vote was 460 for, to 225 against; showing plainly that the people\\nwere far from unanimous in regard to this additional debt. Future\\nproceedings show that the caution which was displayed on this occa-\\nsion was well taken. After the road was so far completed as to be able\\nto run cars into Danville via the track of the Toledo, Wabash\\nWestern Railroad, the company became insolvent, and was placed in\\nthe hands of a receiver. From the point where this railroad made this\\nintersection with the Wabash road, a track was built across the river\\nand along the west side of the North Fork, and thence trains were run\\ninto the city over the right of way of the Indianapolis, Bloomington\\nWestern Railroad. Then a demand was made upon the supervisor\\nand town clerk for the bonds which had been conditionally voted more\\nthan five years before. The demand not being complied with, for the\\nreasons that (1st) the road was not completed in and to the city of\\nDanville within the five years specified (2d) that it was built w T est of\\nthe North Fork; (3d) that having no independent line into Danville it\\nwas not yet completed in and to the city, a suit followed, which, after\\nvarious ups and downs, was decided in favor of the township, and it\\nwas released from any liability to the company.\\nA special town meeting was held July 20, 1870, to vote upon a\\nproposition to give an additional sum of $75,000 to the Chicago, Dan-\\nville ifc Vincennes Railroad Company, upon the following very explicit\\nterms and conditions One-half on condition that Danville should be,\\nand ever remain, the terminus of a running division of said road. The\\nother half, that as soon as practicable, said railroad company should\\nerect, and ever maintain, shops for the repair and building of cars and\\nrolling stock of said company. These terms were accepted by the\\ncompany, and the money was duly paid over. It resulted in a vote of\\nC)66 for, to 240 against. On the same day a proposition was submitted\\nand voted on to contribute $25,000 to the Rosedale Danville rail-\\nroad, upon terms which have not been complied with, and cannot be.\\nThe vote was 597 for, to 254 against.\\nUnder the old system of voting township aid to railroads, many\\ntowns were victimized by irregularity of proceedings or by the\\ncarelessness of officers; but Danville, while pursuing what must be\\ncalled, with the present light, a very liberal course, has in every case\\ngot whatever was bargained for, and by the aid of careful and com-\\npetent officers, made every step a sure one. The rapid growth and\\ndevelopment which has followed this railroad building is convincing\\nproof that it was the course of wisdom to encourage their building in\\nthe only way it could be encouraged, that is, by granting township\\naid. However much it may be condemned now by some, time will", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nno doubt justify the course of the men who took the lead in this\\nmatter.\\nGERMANTOWN.\\nGermantown is a village in Danville township, lying northeast of\\nthe Junction. Soon after building the car-shops of the Illinois Eastern\\nRailroad, the employes of the company began to build in that vicinity,\\nand their numbers increased so considerably that it was found that cor-\\nporate authority was necessaiy.\\nA petition was filed in the county court, June 25, 1874, asking that\\nthe court would direct the holding of an election to vote for or against\\nvillage corporation, under the general law of the state, to embrace the\\nterritory within the following bounds, and setting forth that there were\\nover four hundred people residing within the said limits, to-wit: Com-\\nmencing at the point where the eastern boundary of the city of Dan-\\nville crosses the road leading from Danville to Covington, thence north\\nwith said eastern boundary line to the northern boundary line of said\\ncity thence west along the north boundary line to where it crosses\\nStony Creek thence up said creek to a point where the road from\\nDanville to Williamsport runs due east from said creek; thence east\\non said Williamsport road two hundred and thirty rods to a road run-\\nning south thence south to the Danville and Covington road thence\\nwest to the place of beginning. The petition contained the signatures\\nof sixty voters who resided in said limits. The court ordered an elec-\\ntion to be held for the purposes set forth in the petition, July 6, 1874,\\nand appointed George Rust, August Koch and J. L. Smith, judges.\\nAt such election 30 votes were cast for, and 1 against, incorporation.\\nAn election was held July 31 for six trustees to perfect the organiza-\\ntion, the same gentlemen being appointed to act as judges. At such\\nelection 34 votes were cast, resulting in the election of the fol-\\nlowing trustees F. Schlief, August Koch, J. Leverenz, E. Lowe, F.\\nFlause and C. B. Davis. On organization, C. B. Davis was elected\\npresident, John L. Smith, clerk, and George Rust, treasurer. In 1875\\nsixty-one votes were cast. J. L. Smith was elected president F.\\nSchlief, L. W. Taylor, A. Rudolph, J. Leverenz and Fred Schoultz,\\ntrustees M. M. Woodward, police magistrate, and G.W. Davidson, clerk.\\nThe present officers are J. A. Thews, president D. Lynch, J. F.\\nHouse, John Bahls, Fred Timm and Win. Schultz, trustees Alexan-\\nder Field, clerk L. M. Taylor, treasurer M. M. Woodward, police\\nmagistrate.\\nAs will be seen, the residents are principally Germans, and are an\\nindustrious, intelligent and worthy class of people, most of them being\\nin the employ of the railroad company.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 347\\nCAR-SHOPS.\\nThe machine and repair shops of the Chicago Eastern Illinois\\nRailroad Company are located near here, having located in this place\\nby a vote of Danville township, giving to the company $75,000 on\\ncondition of their permanent location. The car-shop is 75x142, brick,\\ntwo stories high; machine shop, 75x142, brick; ronnd-house, with\\ntwelve stalls, is 210 feet in length, of brick and stone; the blacksmith\\nshop, 50x100, brick; paint shop, 16x24, frame; office and store,\\n16x30, frame; oil room, 16x25, frame.\\nThe business carried on here is largely the repair and rebuilding of\\ncars, coaches and locomotives of the company, though new ones can be\\nbuilt throughout when occasion requires. The business has been so\\ndepressed that new rolling stock has been bought cheaper than it could\\nbe made here, a condition of things not likely to remain long. The\\nworks are under the charge of A. Cook, who has had many years ex-\\nperience on various eastern roads. There are two hundred and seventy-\\nfive men employed, and the pay roll for labor alone amounts to $11,-\\n000, being an average of $40 per man per month.\\nSOUTH DANVILLE.\\nSouth Danville is that portion of the township which lies immedi-\\nately across the river south of the city, where the coal mining opera-\\ntions of Mr. A. C. Daniel are carried on.\\nThe village was incorporated in 1874. In February, John A. Lewis\\nand thirty-five others, petitioned the county court to order an election\\nto vote for or against incorporating under the general act, with the fol-\\nlowing boundaries: commencing at the Wabash railway bridge, thence\\nsouthwest with said railroad to a point where the state road from Dan-\\nville to Georgetown crosses said railroad thence west to the Paris\\nDanville road (now Danville Southwestern); thence north to the\\nVermilion River; thence along said river to the place of beginning.\\nThe petition set forth that there were five hundred persons residing\\nwithin said limits. The election was held March 14, at which 77\\nvotes were cast 51 being for incorporation and 25 against.\\nAn election was held April 22, for six trustees to put the organiza-\\ntion into effect, at which 73 votes were cast. James Bracewell, James\\nHall, David Frazee, Joseph Anderson and M. C. Wilkinson w r ere elected.\\nB. T. Hodges and J. H. Lewis received an equal number of votes, and\\nwere in consequence summoned before his honor, Judge Hanford, to\\ndraw straws. Lewis drew the short straw, and by this apparent game\\nof chance, the dignity of a trustee of South Danville fell upon Hodges.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDavid Frazee was elected president, and H. J. Hall, clerk. The Board\\nof Trustees provided a set of ordinances for the government of the\\nvillage, and set the wheels of government in motion.\\nIn 1875 the following were elected trustees Isaac Bracewell, Sam-\\nuel Trisler, Hugh Graham, Joseph Robson, Lewis Bracewell, Philip\\nPnsoy, and Francis Jones was elected clerk.\\nThe present officers are Isaac Bracewell, president F. Jones, clerk;\\nH. J. Hall, police magistrate; James Bracewell, treasurer; W. J. Bran-\\nnock and Sylvester Royce, constables.\\nBy ordinance, trustees receive one dollar for each regular meeting\\nand fifty cents for each called meeting; treasurer and clerk, one dollar\\nand twenty-five cents for each meeting. The citizens of South Dan-\\nville are largely engaged in coal mining which is being carried on\\nthere.\\nORGANIZATION.\\nThere seems to be an undue amount of mystery thrown around the\\nofficial life of the city of Danville. That it was early incorporated is\\ngenerally known, but at a fire which occurred about 1867 all the\\nrecords of the city were destro} 7 ed. Later, or about 1872, the clerk ran\\naway, or for some other reason it became an object for some one to\\nmake away with the records, or, to put it in the other form, there are\\nno records in the city clerk s office prior to 1872.\\nIn the year 1855 a new special charter was given by the legislature,\\nwhich repealed the former one, and established the limits of the city\\nwhich should contain all of the original town, and such additions as had\\nbeen platted, or such as should farther be regularly platted and re-\\ncorded as additions to it. In 1867 the old charter seems to have been\\nworn out, or at least it was burned up with the records, and a new one\\nwas granted, under which the city operated until 1874, when it became\\nincorporated under the general act of 1872.\\nThe following have served as mayors since its organization J. 0.\\nWinslow, J. G. English, W. W. r Woodbury, T.^H. Myers, L. T.\\nDickason.\\nThe city is now divided into five wards, each entitled to two alder-\\nmen. The following is the list of officers at present Mayor, L. T.\\nDickason clerk, A. C. Freeman treasurer, T. B. Castleman attor-\\nney, G. F. Tincher aldermen 1st ward, P. Carey, A. Sieferman\\n2d ward, A. H. Patterson, B. Brittingham 3d ward, W. A. Young,\\nD. Watrous 4th ward, E. Good, H. W. Beckwith 5th ward, John\\nSchario, W. C. McReynolds marshal, Leonard Myers; fire-depart-\\nment chief, W. H. Taylor; engineer, J. M. Partlow police magistrate,\\nJohn McMahon. The following table of population has been compiled", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :I49\\nfrom Coffeen s Hand-Book of Vermilion County, and other sources\\nIn 1S26, none; 1827, probably 15; 1828, about 55; 1830, nearly 100;\\n1835, about 500 1840, 503 1845, nearly 600 1850, 736 1855, 1,125\\n1860,1,632; 1865, nearly 3,000 1870, township, 7,181 1875, no cen-\\nsus was taken 1879, township from careful estimates, 13,324.\\nFIRE DEPARTMENT.\\nOf the fire department of the city of Danville but little can be said\\nup to May 6, 1867, at which time Lincoln Fire Company, No. 1, was\\norganized. The company consisted of forty members, without pay,\\nexcept the empty honors of serving the public not for glory, but for\\npastime. They, however, did the best they could with the inferior\\napparatus at their command, which consisted of a kind of hook and\\nladder truck, bearing about the same relation to the modern hook and\\nladder apparatus as does the old flint-lock musket of a century ago to\\nthe modern Henry rifle. Of this company D. A. Childs was elected\\nforeman M. Red ford, assistant foreman Charles Eoff, secretary, and\\nC. Y. Yates, treasurer.\\nIn the year 1867, during the administration of J. C. Winslow as\\nmayor, a second hand engine and 299 feet of leather hose was pur-\\nchased for $1,200, and for the time the company felt proud of their\\nmachine and the people felt secure from the destructive element. But\\nthe former soon became tired of the toy, and lost interest as they found\\nto their sorrow that instead of pastime it was real labor, plenty of\\ncurses and no glory and the latter began to feel less secure as here\\nand there through the city a stable or a shed or a dwelling destroyed\\nby fire gave evidence of the lack of means of effectual] v fighting 1 fire.\\nHowever, tilings ran along after a fashion until 1872, when, during the\\nadministration of T. H. Myers as mayor, it was determined by the\\ncouncil to purchase a steam fire engine. The committee on fire and\\nwater at that time consisted of N. S. Monroe, W. H. Taylor and Wm.\\nA. Brown. To this committee was intrusted the selection and purchase\\nof the engine.\\nAfter mature deliberation it was determined to purchase one of\\nMessrs. Silsby Co s rotary engines, also an additional hose cart and\\n500 feet of best rubber hose. The purchase gave a new impetus to the\\nfire department, and the company was reorganized on a more tangible\\nbasis. The number of members was fixed at sixteen, and salaries suit-\\nable to the services performed, and of the ability of the city to pay,\\ngiven to each. Under the new organization the fire department began\\nto rise in importance and efficiency, new water supplies were provided,\\nand the citizens slept with a feeling of security hitherto unknown. As", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe city increased in size and number of risks, additional protection\\nwas found, if not an absolute necessity at least advisable, and an addi-\\ntional steamer was purchased in 1875 by the committee appointed for\\nthe purpose, which consisted of W. H. Taylor, P. Carey and G. W.\\nHooton. After witnessing a severe test of several leading engines, the\\ncommittee selected another of the Silsby engines. After the indorse-\\nment of a citizens committee, appointed to report on the same subject,\\nthe council purchased the engine, and the city of Danville now justly\\nboasts of a fire department and apparatus unexcelled by those of any\\ncity of its size.\\nUnder the excellent supervision of W. H. Taylor, chairman of the\\ncommittee, all the modern improvements have been introduced. These\\nconsist of a heater, by which the water is kept boiling continually, thus\\nfacilitating the raising of steam, and thereby saving time; a good team\\nof horses for the engine and hose cart have been purchased, and all of\\nthe apparatus is kept in readiness to be used at a moment s warning.\\nSince 1874 little change has been made in the company, except the\\nappointment of two engineers, one of which is on duty continually.\\nIn the year 1879 the company was reorganized, and the office of chief\\nof fire department created. W. H. Taylor was appointed chief, and\\nunder his supervision the engines and apparatus have been put in the\\nbest possible condition. The following is a list of officers and members\\nof the company, as constituted at this writing, with salaries attached\\nW. H. Taylor, Chief of Fire Department $55 per month.\\nGeorge Lupt, First Engineer 50\\nPutnam Russell, Second Engineer 50\\nW. D. Bearing 50\\nIsaac Hurlacker 20 per quarter.\\nE. Peables 20\\nA. Brant 15\\nC. Lindsey 15\\nWilliam Dallas 13\\nJ. Peables 13\\nE. Brant 13\\nM. Yearkes 13\\nCharles Adams 13 per month.\\nFrank Wells 13\\nJames Harrison 13\\nJackson Brideman 13\\nGeorge Cox 13\\nDANVILLE TURN-VEREIN.\\nThis peculiarly German society, established for the purpose of de-\\nveloping the muscle and thereby of conducing to the health of its\\nmembers, was instituted March 22, 1874, with a membership of twenty-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 351\\nfive. The first officers were: A. Sieferman, president A. Oberdorfer,\\nvice-president John Bross, secretary E. Flemming, treasurer, and\\nHenry Grube, leader of gymnastics. Active steps were immediately\\ntaken for the erection of a suitable building in which to practice the\\nart of physical development, and in the following year a frame building\\nwas completed, and on the 25th of December was dedicated with fitting\\nceremonies to the use for which it was designed. This building, how-\\never, was destined to a short existence, for on the 9th of February,\\n1877, only a little over a year after its dedication, it was destroyed by\\nfire. With that pluck and steadfastness of purpose bred, perhaps, in\\npart by the exercises of the gymnasium, they went to work again, and\\na building much superior followed the same season. This, the present\\nfine hall, is of brick, and is 35 x 90 feet in size, with an addition 14 x 30\\nfeet. It was complete and dedicated on the 12th day of August, 1877.\\nIts value is $4,000. The present membership of the society is about\\nsixty, of which A. Schatz is president John Seidel, vice-president\\nE. Blankenburg, first secretary F. Blankenburg, second secretary\\nFred Theis, treasurer H. Grube, first leader of gymnastics, and John\\nMolter, second leader.\\nGEGENSEITIGE DEUTSCHE UNTERSTUTZUNGS VEREIN.\\nThis society, though it has to non-speaking Germans an unpro-\\nnounceable name, is yet a very popular and well-patronized institution,\\nestablished, as its name indicates, for the purpose of mutual aid among\\nits members. It ranks high financially and otherwise among the\\nsocieties of Danville. The society was organized February 7, 1872,\\nwith A. Sieferman as president George Dudenhofer, vice-president\\nE. Blankenburg, secretary; ~W. Schatz, financial secretary, and Stacy\\nMiller, treasurer. The meetings of the society are held in Turner\\nhall.\\nTHE BOOK TRADE.\\nNothing indicates more clearly the status of a community in culture\\nand enterprise than the condition of its book trade, for it marks both\\nthe intelligence and liberality of a people to find in their midst well-\\nsupplied book stores.\\nIn 1868 Danville was just starting out vigorously in its new march\\nof progress. It was about this time that Mr. Coffeen came to Danville\\nand started the first exclusive book store in this place. Previously the\\nbook trade had been left to notion dealers and merchants carrying other\\nlines of goods. Mr. Coffeen opened in a store-room belonging to C. K.\\nMires, now occupied by Elliott s dry-goods store. By enterprise and a\\nproper appreciation of the wants of the growing city, he built up a very", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "352\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nprosperous book trade, and afterward, in 1874, built the elegant store-\\nroom on Main street opposite the court-house, where the book store of\\nCoffeen Pollock is now kept. An idea of this establishment may be\\nobtained from the accompanying illustration\\nINTERIOR OP COFFEEN POLLOCK S BOOK STORE.\\nAbout the same time that Mr. Coffeen moved his book store to its\\npresent location, Mr. McCorkle opened out a store of similar character\\nin the room now occupied by E. J. Draper s grocery store. This store\\ncontinued until 1876. In the meantime L. B. Abdill started in the\\ntrade on the east side of Main street. Mr. Abdill has been quite pros-\\nperous, and his is one of the many excellent stores of the city.\\nW. W. R. Woodbury, druggist, also handles goods in this line, and\\ncarries a large and well selected stock of drugs and notions.\\nBesides the regular book stores mentioned there are two news\\nstands that seem to be doing a good business in periodical literature.\\nCHTJKCHEB.\\nThe following extract from a sermon delivered by Rev. A. L. Brooks\\non the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Presbyterian church\\nof this place, is a fitting tribute, not only to that particular society, but\\napplies with equal propriety to the church in general", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :i. :i\\nWe arrogate nothing- when we say that it is a church of the living\\nGod, that it has been a pillar and ground of those great fundamental\\nand vital truths by which the city in which it is located has been\\nblessed and prospered. We do not hesitate to say that the influence of\\nthe church has been very significant and benign upon all the material\\nand social and religious interests of the city. Her teachings have been\\nin accordance with the wisdom and righteousness and love and grace\\nof God. They have served to hold in check the tendencies to lawless-\\nness and crime; they have enforced public morality, stimulated the\\ndesire for good government, for commercial integrity, for social purity.\\nConscience has been enlightened and its judgment enforced. It has\\ncarried the peace and piety of our holy religion into many of the homes\\nof the city. It has restrained the youth from the follies and crimes\\nthat afflict the homes and communities where church influences are not\\nin the ascendant. It has drawn to our city some of the best and most\\npermanent of our business and social element. It has exerted a signifi-\\ncant influence on the educational interests of our community. It has\\nbeen the conservator of good order and peace, but especially and\\nsupremely has it exerted a mighty influence in maintaining these great\\nand fundamental doctrines by which alone is it possible to lead men\\nout from under the dominion and condemnation of sin. It has done\\na work for this city which no mere secular institution could have clone.\\nIt has been more to the material, social and christian prosperity than\\nany single industry could have been. It has been more to the happi-\\nness and welfare of our families than any or all of the worldly endow-\\nments of a gracious providence could have been without it. It has\\nbrought to us the best returns of all the investments we have made\\nof our worldly substance, and it has brought ns into the highest and\\nnoblest fellowship of the pure on earth and of the sinless in heaven.\\nTHE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.\\nThe Presbyterian is the pioneer church of this city and of this part\\nof the country. Though religious services had been held prior to\\n1829, no definitely organized society existed until the date named.\\nThis church was organized on the 8th day of March, 1829, by Rev.\\nSamuel Baldridge, with the following eight persons as the original\\nmembers Dr. Asa R. Palmer, Josiah Alexander, Elizabeth Alexander,\\nMary Ann Alexander, Solomon Gilbert, Submit Gilbert, Lucy Gilbert,\\nand Parmela Tomlinson. Of these Dr. Palmer was selected as first\\nruling elder. Of the eight named, but one, Lucy Gilbert, still survives.\\nThe names given will be recognized as among the most worthy and\\nhonored citizens of the city. Their work in the church was unselfish.\\n23", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand their influence for good was acknowledged by all. Rev. Samuel\\nBaldridge, who was instrumental in organizing the church, was also\\nfirst pastor, officiating in that capacity, however, but a few months.\\nThe honors of the enterprise seem, however, to cluster around the\\nname of the Rev. Enoch Kingsbury, who came to the church in the\\nearly part of 1831, and settled here permanently in the year following.\\nMr. Kingsbury is remembered as a patriot, a hero, a philanthropist, a\\nchristian and an enthusiast in the work chosen by him. He served the\\nchurch as pastor faithfully and most acceptably for over twenty years,\\nand gave up the pastorate after it became absolutely necessary from\\nfailing health. Afterward he was engaged in various religious and\\nbenevolent enterprises, and labored enthusiastically until 1SC8, when\\nhe received the summons to come up higher, with the approbation,\\nWell done thou good and faithful servant.\\nThis church has prospered well, both financially and spiritually, under\\nthe labors of Mr. Kingsbury and his successors. The present member-\\nship numbers two hundred and eighty -seven, of which Rev. A. L. Brooks\\nis present pastor. Under the pastorate of Mr. Brooks, extending from\\nDecember, 1870, to the present writing, the church has been in a most\\nflourishing condition, there having been received as members during\\nthat period two hundred and thirty-seven, ninety-one of whom have\\nbeen on profession of faith.\\nRev. A. L. Brooks was born in Madison county, New York, June\\n19, 1819, and is the son of Jesse and Olivia (Lyon) Brooks. His\\nfather was a native of Connecticut, and in his early life was a merchant,\\nand in later life postmaster and magistrate of Mayville, New York.\\nHis mother was a native of Vermont.\\nMr. Brooks received the principal part of his education at Trenton,\\nNew York, where he graduated in 1842. He also graduated at Auburn\\nSeminary in 1845. In 1840 he was ordained as a minister, and settled\\nat Hamilton of the state named. In 1850 he came west and settled in\\nChicago, where he remained seven years with the Third Presbyterian\\nChurch of that city. From Chicago he M r ent to Peoria, remaining three\\nyears in charge of the Fulton Street Presbyterian Church thence to\\nDecatur, as pastor of the New School Church of that city for three\\nyears; and finally, in 1870, to Danville, as already related.\\nDuring the first six years of the existence of the church, its meetings\\nwere held in the old log court-house, in private houses and vacant rooms\\nin different places, as circumstances demanded or permitted. In 1835,\\nby great personal sacrifice on the part of its friends, a house of worship\\nwas erected on the site of the present church. This is believed to have\\nbeen the second Presbyterian church building in the east part of the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 355\\nstate. This church building proved to be really historical. It was\\nused for many years for almost all public gatherings, Sunday-schools\\nand other schools. The building was used until, on account of the\\ngreat prosperity of the church, a new house of worship was an actual\\nnecessity. This was accomplished in 1858, by the erection of the\\npresent commodious and convenient building. The house was dedi-\\ncated to the worship of God on the 24th of December, 1865, the ser-\\nmon on that occasion being preached by the Rev. Joseph H. Tuttle,\\npresident of Wabash College. The cost of the present building was a\\nlittle more than $12,000.\\nA very interesting and joyful event was the holding, on the S.th\\nand 9th of March of the present year (1879), the semi-centennial of the\\norganization of the society. On that occasion Rev. A. L. Brooks, who,\\nas before intimated, has been connected with the church during its\\nmost flourishing period, preached a historical sermon, and other mem-\\nbers related interesting incidents, and laid before the society much\\nother valuable facts relating to the church s histoiw. These items have\\nall been compiled and printed in a neat pamphlet, to which the reader\\nis referred for a more detailed account of this historical church enter-\\nprise.\\nIn connection with the church is a flourishing Sunday-school, whose\\norganization was almost coincident. The school at present writing is\\nunder the efficient superintendency of Mr. Park T. Martin.\\nMETHODIST CHUKCH.\\nThe first appointment made by the Methodist church at Danville\\nwas in 1829, though perhaps some meetings had been held a year\\nearlier. This was then a portion of the Eugene circuit, and covered,\\nalso, appointments in Indiana and all of what is now Vermilion and\\nChampaign counties. It was a four weeks circuit, the preachers upon\\nit holding services every day in the week. Rev. James McKain, a\\nsketch of whose useful life and valuable services to the infant church is\\ngiven more fully in Blount township, and Rev. J. E. French, of whom\\nthe reader will find further notice under the head of Elwood, were the\\nfirst preachers on this circuit. After them, Rev. William Harshey and\\nRev. Cotton James appear to have been next.\\nIn February, 1836, G. W. Wallace made a warranty deed to the\\ncounty commissioners (in trust) for the lot upon which the church\\nnow stands. The deed was made to the commissioners for the reason\\nthat there seem to have been no trustees of the church at that time.\\nIn the meantime services were being held in private residences, in the\\nold log school-house with greased paper windows, and on some occa-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "356 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsionSj when the narrowness of these quarters (on account of larger con-\\ngregations) required more room, in the groves God s first temples\\nadjacent to the village. The first class leader, as now remembered,\\nwas Isaac McKinney, who resided near Kyger s mill. He walked to\\ntown and back for the purpose of holding the meetings.\\nAmong the first members of the class and church were Samuel\\nWhitman and wife, Harvey Luddington and wife, James Hulce and\\nwife, Mrs. Mary Sconce and a few others.\\nAbout the time the deed from Wallace was made for the lot, the\\nbuilding which now stands in the rear of their present house of wor-\\nship, and now used as a blacksmith shop, was erected. The frame\\nbuilding alluded to cost about $800, and continued in use until the\\npresent building was erected. The new church cost $13,500, and at\\nthe time of its erection was considered one of the finest houses of wor-\\nship in eastern Illinois. Indeed, for solidity and convenience it is yet\\nhardly excelled, but its size, though at the time of its erection thought\\nto be commensurate for all time to come, has not prevented several\\nnew organizations, which, like swarms of bees, have emerged from the\\nparent hive and gone forth to work in other portions of the Lord s\\nfield.\\nA Sabbath-school was organized in connection with the church,\\nalmost coincident with the organization of the first church society. At\\nfirst there were probably two dozen scholars. Now, besides the large\\nnumber attending other schools of this denomination in and about the\\ncity, the parent school has over three hundred members. The present\\nsuperintendent is George Abdill, under whose wise supervision the\\nschool has attained a degree of excellence seldom enjoyed by schools\\nof this character. The minister in charge of the North Street Church\\nis Rev. F. A. Parker.\\nKimber Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in February,\\n1 s(i9, and was so named in honor of the memory of the late Rev. Isaac\\nC. Kimber. No suggestion of this society can be traced to a remoter\\ndate than a Sunday afternoon of the month above named. An inde-\\npendent Sabbath-school, under the management of Methodist people,\\nheld in a frame school-house in the nortlnvestern part of the city, had\\nbeen dismissed, when a number of officers and teachers tarried to\\ngather up the books, etc., and while thus employed, incidentally and\\nwithout premeditation the chorister of the school remarked that a\\nchurch building was desirable for the accommodation of the school.\\nThis led to remarks by others, and it may be said that the church was\\nborn there and then. They who were present and took part in the\\nconversation were Joseph G. English, Maria L. English, Jacob L. Hill,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 57\\nJohn M. Lamm, Lizzie Lamm, Edward C. Abdill, Sarah Vaughn,\\nMilton Doughty, Anna Doughty and Charles Spedding.\\nRev. Enoch Jones was employed to conduct services, and on the\\n18th of the month following he was officially appointed by Presiding\\nElder Sampson Shinn as pastor of the charge. He continued this\\nrelation until April of the same year, when he was succeeded by Rev.\\nNelson R. Whitehead, who ministered to the society until the meeting\\nof conference, when the Rev. James C Rncker assumed the pastorate.\\nAt the date of its formal organization the society had twenty members.\\nIts first quarterly conference was held on Monday evening, June 7,\\n1869. A board of trustees consisting of John McMahan, John M.\\nLamm, Jacob L. Hill, George W. Hooton, Thomas Neely and J. G.\\nEnglish, who had been appointed by the society, was confirmed by the\\nfirst quarterty conference. A board of stewards was also appointed,\\nto wit: Thomas McKibben, E. C. Abdill, G. W. Hooton, T. Neely,\\nJ. L. Hill, J. M. Lamm, J. G. English and J. Moody. Mr. English\\nwas appointed recording steward.\\nImmediately following the organization of the societ} the erection\\nof a meeting-house was undertaken, and the dedication occurred in\\nNovember, 1869, by the Rev. Granville Moody, of the Kentucky con-\\nference. The appointment of pastors by conference have been as fol-\\nlows, to wit Rev. James C. Rucker, two years Rev. George Stevens,\\nthree years Rev. Wm, S. Hooper, one year Rev. Wm. F. Gillmore,\\ntwo years, and Rev. W. H. Musgrove, who is now serving upon his\\nsecond year.\\nThe church property is appraised at $10,000, and its parsonage is\\nsaid by preachers to be the best in the conference. The society s con-\\ntributions to the missionary fund have averaged $300 a year. No\\npastor has left with the church in debt to him. The present member-\\nship is two hundred and sixty-one.\\nIt is placed to the credit of the colored people that they are pecu-\\nliarly a religious race. As a verification of the assertion we find the\\ncolored people of Danville fully up to their general reputation in this\\nparticular, and, as far as their ability warrants, emulating their white\\nneighbors in good works.\\nAn organization designated as the A. M. E. Church was effected in\\nDanville in September of 1872, with G. W. Nichols and three or four\\nothers as original members, and Rev. Henry Pugh as pastor. The\\nmembership has increased to twenty at present writing. The society\\nwas without a church building until 1877, when they erected what is\\nknown as Allen Chapel, so called in honor of their first bishop. The\\nbuilding cost something over $1,200, is 30x46 feet in size, and is a very", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncomfortable structure of its kind. The colored people sustain an\\ninteresting Sabbath-school in connection with their church, of which\\nMr. G. W. Nichols is superintendent. Rev. R. Holly is present pastor\\nof the church.\\nThe first meetings of Til ton M. E. Church were held in the school-\\nhouse at Tilton. Among the first members were C. B. Scharer and\\nwife, M. C. Smith and wife, Noah Morgan and wife and M. Fournier.\\nThe present church was built in 1872, at a cost of over $1,100. The\\nmembers of this church numbered at one time some fifty but on\\naccount of many removals and some deaths the membership is at\\npresent only about fifteen. The church was dedicated by Dr. R. N.\\nDavies. The present pastor is the Rev. S. H. Huber. The present\\nsuperintendent of the Sunday-school is Mary Lewis; the number of\\nscholars is about twenty-five.\\nThe first meetings of the Mount Zion M. E. Church were held some\\ntwenty years ago in the old school-house now on Mr. N. Parish s place.\\nThe first members were J. W. Stine, Elizabeth A. Stine, Nathan Parish,\\nHannah Parish, A. Stine, Eliza Stine and Esther Rose. J. W. Stine\\nwas the first preacher. In 1873 they built the present church, at a\\ncost of $1,025; it was dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Davies. Since 1878\\nthere have been no meetings held at this church.\\nGERMAN METHODIST CHURCH.\\nIt was in 1857 when Rev. G. Zeiser was laboring on the so-called\\nMarshall Mission. His field included Marshall, Paris and Clarksville.\\nHe was the first one that was invited to come to Danville and preach\\nto the Germans. One of his members, moving from Paris to Danville,\\ninvited him to come here. It was in the month of May, 1857, when\\nhe visited Danville. He visited the German families from house to\\nhouse, and appointed a meeting in the second story of the house in\\nwhich Mr. Jacob Schatz resided, .and belonging to Dr. Porter.\\nThe meeting was numerously attended. From that time Danville\\nwas considered as a regular appointment. In the fall after the next con-\\nference, Danville was given under the charge of Rev. C. Holtkamp,\\nresiding then at Urbana, until a man could be found specially for Dan-\\nville. Mr. Holtkamp came here every three weeks, fifty miles, on\\nhorseback, and preached to the Germans of Danville with a remarkable\\nsuccess. About Christmas time, in the same year, the first quarterly\\nmeeting was held in the basement of the North Street M. E. Church,\\nby the Rev. Philip Kuhl, Presiding Elder of the Qnincy District.\\nOn that occasion quite a number joined the church on probation, and\\nthe society was formally organized.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 359\\nAs they had no place of their own to hold their meetings in, per-\\nmission was granted them to hold their devotional services in one\\nroom on the second floor of the old court-house. Joseph Bauer and\\nwife, Fred. Loehr and wife, and John Bireline and wife were of the\\nfirst members. Some of them have gone to their reward. Under the\\nadministration of Rev. Schwindt was the first little frame church built\\nand completed in the summer of 1859. The building cost $700. The\\nfollowing conference was held in Danville, and as the dedication\\nSunday was very rainy, and consequently unfavorable, one Sunday\\nevening was set aside on which Bishop Simpson preached a sermon in\\nthe English church for the purpose of raising subscriptions to free the\\nlittle German church from debt.\\nThe new brick church, with steeple, 38 x 60 feet, was erected in the\\nsummer of 1874, and dedicated November 30 of the same year by\\nDr. Fowler, then president of the Northwestern University at Evans-\\nton, 111. The church was built under the pastorate of Rev. Charles\\nStellner, and cost about $7,000. Under the administration of Rev. J.\\nW. Roecker, their present pastor, the society enjoys a vigorous condi-\\ntion. Their present number is in the neighborhood of one hundred\\nmembers. The prosperity of the society will undoubtedly be greater\\nwhen the last obstruction, their burdening church debt, shall have been\\nfinally and completely removed.\\nThe society appreciates very highly the kindness of the community,\\nand especially their English friends, in their support and liberal con-\\ntributions. The Sunday-school was organized in June, 1858. The\\nname of the present superintendent is John Schmidt; the number of\\nscholars, seventy.\\nThe present minister, John W. Roecker, who was born in Adel-\\nshopen, Baden, Germany, December 18, 1835, came to America in\\n1848; located in Washington county, Wis., where he received his\\nprincipal education. lie was ordained as deacon by Bishop Aimes in\\n1860 as elder, by Bishop Baker in 1862. He was first appointed at\\nDes Moines, Iowa; thence to Burlington, Iowa; Crown Point, Ind.\\nManitowoc, Sheboygan, Oshkosh, Milwaukee, Wis. Laporte, Ind.\\nand Chicago. In 1877 he came to Danville.\\nThe first meetings of the Asbury M. E. Church were held at the\\nresidence of William Delay in about the year 1830. Among the first\\nmembers were William Delay and wife, Father Boston and wife, Mr.\\nVillars and wife, Mr. Howard and wife, George Dillon and wife, Samuel\\nRoderick and wife, and Mrs. Rigdon. The meetings of the society\\ncontinued to be held at private residences and in the school-house until\\n1851, when their present house of worship was erected. It was named,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "360 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nin honor of one of the great lights of that denomination, Asbury\\nChapel. Among the first ministers who preached here were Revs.\\nMr. Lane, Win. C. Prentis and Oliver Mnnsell. The last named was\\nafterward connected with the Wesleyan University at Bloomington as\\npresident. The pastor in charge at the present writing is Rev. G. B.\\nGoldsmith. The church is in good condition and has an active mem-\\nbership-of forty-eight. A good Sunday-school, with a fair attendance,\\nis also sustained.\\nCHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY (PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL).\\nThe first services of this denomination were held in the city of Dan-\\nville by Rev. Mr. Osborn, of Chicago, who preached occasionally during\\nthe years 1863-4. The founding of the church was brought about by\\nE. J. Purdy, late of Logansport, Ind., who held services here December\\n10, 1865, and on the next evening called a meeting for the purpose\\nof definite work. At that meeting Mrs. Win. Hessey, Mrs. Henry S.\\nForbes, Miss Matilda Holton, and Messrs. John Donlon, J. C. Winslow,\\nCharles Caton, J. R. Baker and R. W. Hanford were appointed as a\\ncommittee of general extension. At the organization there was only\\none communicant in town, and though the building up of a church of\\nthis faith has been a constant struggle, they have, with a steadfastness\\nof purpose peculiar to that sect, pursued the even tenor of their way,\\nand to-day finds them with a pleasant house of worship, 27 x 50 feet in\\nsize, capable of seating comfortably over two hundred persons, a good\\ncongregation and a flourishing Sabbath-school. Rev. F. W. Taylor is\\nrector and superintendent of the Sabbath-school.\\nUNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST.\\nThe first preaching service held by this denomination in Danville\\nwas at the old German church in the winter of 1870. The church\\nwas organized with the following five members: George Holycross,\\nIsaiah Smutz, Mary Smutz, G. W. Vangordon and Robert Wilson, the\\nfirst named being the leader.\\nThe first quarterly meeting was held at the residence of G. W. Bar-\\nlow in June, 1871. The work of erecting a house of worship was\\nundertaken in April, 1871, and completed the same year. The size of\\nthe original building was 32 x 41 feet, and cost $1,250. Four years\\nlater the building was taken down and removed to North Vermilion\\nstreet, where it was rebuilt and twelve feet added to the length, at an\\nadditional cost of $1,630. Thus the Brethren have a very neat and\\ncommodious building for the purpose for which it was designed.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 461\\nThe present membership of the church is twenty-three, of which\\nRev. F. E. Penney is pastor.\\nTHE GERMAN UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST\\nHeld their first meetings at private residences, but their first meeting\\nfor organization and to receive members was held in the German\\nMethodist church, at which time and place ten persons Philip\\nSteube, John Buy, Philip Timm, J. Schoultz and Carl Leverenz,\\nand their wives united, thus founding the church, since established\\nat the corner of Hayes and North streets. Messrs. Buy and Schoultz\\nwere appointed as first trustees. In about the year 1862 they built\\nthe little chapel on the corner next to their present building at a cost\\nof about $600. This building they occupied for about ten years, when,\\nin 1871, they erected a more commodious building, at an outlay of\\n$3,033. The small building is now used for school purposes.\\nOver one hundred members now belong to the organization. Rev.\\nMr. Aessel is the present pastor. A good Sunday-school is sustained,\\nof which J. Schoultz is superintendent.\\nBAPTIST CHURCH.\\nThe Baptist church of Danville was organized in 1873, holding its\\nfirst meeting for that purpose on the first Sabbath of the year named,\\nin Robert McDonald s hall, over Freese Bayle s store, on Main\\nstreet. Though this was the first organized effort of this denomination\\nat this point, it was not the first religious service held by them, as the\\nBaptists at least a branch of that church were really pioneers in\\nreligion, not only here, but all over this part of the state. At the date\\nto which allusion has been made, Rev. E. S. Graham preached a ser-\\nmon, after which he advised the brethren and sisters present to organize\\na Baptist church. To this call E. F. Graham, Mrs. F. B. Freese, Mrs.\\nM. F. C. Wilber, Mrs. K. Bayle, Mrs. H. L. Holton, Mrs. S. Kimball,\\nJ. W. Parker, Mrs. J. W. Parker, E. Wilkinson, Mrs. E. Wilkinson\\nand Mrs. Eliza Davis responded by affixing their names to the cov-\\nenant and adopting the articles of faith.\\nThe church then called Rev. E. S. Graham to be their pastor, which\\nposition he has ever since held. The church has prospered well, both\\nfinancially and spiritually. In the short period of its existence there\\nhave been received into its fold by letter, 104 members by baptism,\\n38, and by relation, 15, making a total of 157. Of the original eleven\\nmembers, eight are still connected with the church.\\nThe society owns a very pleasant and commodious house of wor-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "362 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nship, valued at about $7,000, which seats comfortably four hundred\\npersons.\\nCHRISTIAN CHURCH.\\nThe Christian Church of Danville was organized January 13, 1873.\\nDuring the month named Hev. John F. Rowe held the first services,\\nin the hall in the third story of the Leseure block. The meetings\\nfinally resulted in the founding of the society as stated. The church\\nsoon after called Elder W. R. Jewell, present pastor, and also editor of\\nthe Danville Daily News, to take charge of the society. The enter-\\nprise, though begun under some inauspicious circumstances, has pros-\\npered well, and to-day numbers over one hundred and twenty members.\\nThe next year after the organization they concluded to erect a house\\nof worship. A very neat and commodious building 34x55 feet in size\\nwas erected at a cost of $3,500.\\nIn connection with this church is an interesting Sabbath-school,\\nwhich was organized in 1874, Mr. H. A. Coffeen being the first super-\\nintendent. From a small beginning, with about thirty members, the\\nschool has increased to nearly one hundred. At the present writing,\\nthe school is under the superintendence of Elder W. R. Jewell.\\nThe Christian Church of Til ton, by some known as the New Light\\nChurch, was erected in 1872, at a cost of about $1,400, and was dedi-\\ncated by Elder Wilkins. The first pastor in charge was Rev. John\\nGreen, the present .preacher. Among the original members of the\\nsociety were S. Hodge, Benjamin Hodge and wife, William Hodge and\\nwife, John Green and wife and William Butler and wife. The society\\nis in a very flourishing condition and the membership is quite large.\\nA good Sabbath-school, under the superintendence of John Radliff, is\\nalso sustained.\\nCATHOLIC.\\nThe first meetings of the Irish Catholic Church were held in private\\nresidences. In 1852 Father Rhian, who was the first preacher, held\\nservices in what is known as Tincher Town, in a building near the I.\\nB. W. railroad bridge. In 1S58 they built the present brick church,\\nsituated on Chestnut near Elizabeth street. The cost of the building\\nwas about $1,500. The first pastor of the church was Father Lambert,\\nand the first bishop who ever preached in Danville (in 1871) was\\nBishop Foley, of Chicago. This church has perhaps the largest mem-\\nbership of any in Danville, and is in a flourishing condition. In fact,\\nthe present building is entirely too small for the congregation. They\\nare now (1879) taking subscriptions for a new church edifice, which is\\nintended, when complete, to be the finest building of that character in\\nthis part of Illinois.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 363\\nThe German Catholic Church, at the corner of Green and College\\nstreets, was built in 1868. Previous to this date the congregation held\\ntheir services in the Irish Catholic house of worship, and it was in that\\nplace that their first meetings were held. Indeed, the two branches,\\nprior to the date named, had been under the same charge and organi-\\nzation. The German branch, however, being desirous of having ser-\\nvices in their own language, withdrew from the parent church and\\nerected for themselves their present edifice. The building was put up\\nat a cost of $4,570, and was formally dedicated by the Rt. Rev. John\\nW. Luers, bishop of Fort Wayne. The first priest in charge was Rev.\\nA. M. Reck, and the board of trustees, as first selected, consisted of\\nGeorge Fuchs and Lawrence Little. George Meyer, T. Young, F.\\nSenger, Michael Schroll, Joseph Clements, Frank Stengleberger, Au-\\ngust Foeher and John Kneidal were also some of the first members.\\nThe church has prospered well, and now numbers fifty-three fam-\\nilies. In 1871 the church erected a school building for their own use,\\nat a cost of $1,500.* They also have a comfortable parsonage, valued\\nat $1,300. The whole establishment is under the charge of Rev. Peter\\nSchmal. Father Schmal is a native of Prussia, from whence he came\\nto this country in 1871. In 1877 he came to Danville, and has been\\nin charge ever since.\\nGERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH.\\nIn November, 1862, Rev. H. Schoenberg, from Lafayette, Indiana,\\nmet a few of the German people of the faith under consideration at the\\nhouse of J. Hacker, and at that meeting were held the first regular\\nservices of this denomination in Danville. Occasionally thereafter the\\npeople were called together for the same purpose, until in February of\\nthe following year it was decided to enter into an organized effort for\\nthe purpose of establishing a church of their own choice. Among those\\nwho entered into the organization at the first were W. Hubb, M. Hein-\\nrich, J. Hacker, F. Hacker, C. Friedrichs, E. Klingenspor, C. Wendt,\\nC. Schultz and F. Anders. The first minister appointed to the charge\\nwas Rev. G. Markworth.\\nIn 1865, though a very unfavorable time to begin the erection of a\\nchurch building, owing to the very high price of materials and labor\\nthen prevailing, with an energy for which the German people are justly\\nnoted, they went to work and erected a building, at a cost of over\\n$7,000 and capable of seating four hundred persons. Besides their\\nchurch enterprise they also sustain a private school for the purpose of\\nMentioned more at length on another page.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "364 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nteaching the elementary branches of education and the peculiar tenets\\nof their religion. Rev. E. Martens is present pastor.\\nThe Welsh Independent Church was organized in South Danville\\nMarch 10, 1872. Prior to the date named the United Brethren had\\nerected a church building (the one now occupied and owned by the\\nWelsh church) at a cost of $1,800. The brethren, however, disbanded\\nat this place and sold out their property in 1875 to the present owners\\nfor $500. The organization of the church under consideration took\\nplace at the residence of Mrs W. Watkins, and consisted of twenty-two\\nmembers. The organization was effected by the Rev. Roderick W.\\nWilliams, of Cincinnati, Ohio. The first regular pastor of the church\\nwas Rev. John Price. The church did not seem to prosper well for a\\nnumber of years, and from a statement made to the Superintendent of\\nHome Missions in September, 1878, we learn that the membership had\\ndwindled down to two persons. At the date last mentioned Rev. John\\nA. Griffin was put in charge of the feeble organization, and through\\nhis strenuous efforts new life and energy have been infused, and at this\\nwriting thirty-nine active members belong to the societ}\\\\\\nIn 1872 a Sunday-school was also organized, but, like the church, it\\nhad been neglected. An excellent school under the superintendence\\nof John A. Lewis is now sustained, and it is largely due to his efforts\\nthat it has attained its present high standard.\\nIn connection with the Welsh church the organization known as the\\nSouth Danville Temperance Union is kept up. The Union is in a very\\nflourishing condition, and has already done a great amount of good for\\nthis community. It numbers about three hundred members, of which\\nBenjamin Dean is president and Joseph Robinson is secretary.\\nSECRET SOCIETIES.\\nDanville soil seems to be quite well adapted to the growth of such\\norganizations as practice their peculiar rites and ceremonies with none\\nto behold but the All-Seeing Eye and those who have been so fortunate\\nas to be admitted behind the veil of secrecy. To say that in a quiet\\nand unostentatious manner fulfilling the command of the Great\\nMaster to let not the right hand know what its fellow-member is doing\\nthey have performed many acts of benevolence, is to say only what\\nmany who have been the recipients of their benefactions would testify.\\nThey desire no praise preferring to let their works recommend them\\ntherefore we will only add that as far as this city is concerned, their\\nreputation, which is based wholly upon what they do and not on what\\nthey say, is of a character becoming those who profess the principles of\\nfriendship, love, morality, truth and relief.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. ;W. r\\nThe Masons are entitled to the credit of being the pioneers, they\\nhaving established themselves in an organization as early as 1846. At\\nthat time Danville was but a small village of five or six hundred\\ninhabitants, with six or eight stores and but little business of any kind.\\nRailroads and telegraphs had not and did not seek out this locality for\\nanother decade, yet the principles of the order were even then here.\\nOlive Branch Lodge, No. 38, A. F. A. M., is comparatively one\\nof the ancient lodges of the state, there being but a few that have\\npreserved a continuous existence for more than forty-three years. The\\nGrand Lodge of the state was organized in 1840, only six years prior\\nto the granting of Olive Branch charter, and as the charters of all the\\nearliest lodges date from the establishment of the Grand Lodge, and as\\nseveral of the primary lodges have surrendered their charters or have\\nbeen merged with other lodges, it gives to the institution at Danville\\nquite a flavor of antiquity. Danville contains but few inhabitants now\\nwho witnessed the ceremonies of institution or w T ho were even resi-\\ndents of this locality.\\nW. E. Russell, John Payne and John Thompson were the first prin-\\ncipal officers, being Worshipful Master, Senior Warden and Junior War-\\nden, respectively. From a small membership at the time of organization\\nthis mother lodge has been the progenitor of a large number of other\\nlodges in the county, besides establisbing on her own territory other\\norders of a higher character. The membership of the lodge at present\\nwriting is 155, of which George W. Hooton is W.M. W. J. Calhoun,\\nS.W. E. R. Dan forth, J.W. H. P. Boener, S.D. G. F. Tincher, J.D.\\nD. S. Pheneger, Sec y; R. W. Hanford, Treas., and J. T. Culbertson,\\nTiler.\\nThe fraternity have a very finely furnished and convenient lodge-\\nroom in the third story of Schmitt block.\\nBy 1865 the order at this place had greatly increased in numbers,\\nhaving kept pace with the growth and importance of the city itself,\\nwhich had grown to number nearly a thousand to the hundred of 1846,\\nand Vermilion Chapter, No. 82, R. A. M., was chartered, with D. R.\\nLove, J. C. Winslow, John L. Smith, J. T. Culbertson and sixteen\\nothers as charter members. This order is not confined in its limits to\\nthe city of Danville, but embraces territory occupied by several other\\nlodges in the county. The membership has grown to number about\\n125 members. Of this order A. S. Bixby is present H.P. H. P.\\nBoener, K. L. P. Norvell, S. E. R. Danforth, C. of H. C. V. Guy,\\nP.S. T. B. Castleman, R.A.C. John Treteline, George Probst and\\nC. M. Smith, Masters of Vails J. B. Samuels, Sec y A. L. Webster,\\nTreas., and J. T. Culbertson, Sent.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nA Subordinate Council was also (previous to 1877) in operation at\\nthis place, but by order of the Grand Bodies all Councils being merged\\ninto the other orders, Danville Council, No. 37, has ceased to exist.\\nAthelstan Commandery, No. 45, of Knights Templar, was chartered\\nOctober 28, 1874. There being but about fifty societies of this order\\nin the state, Danville is one of the few localities favored with an occa-\\nsional sight of the imposing evolutions of these somber soldiers and\\nrepresentatives of the twelfth century.\\nRev. N. P. Heath was the first Commander at this point. J. B.\\nMann, W. P. Cannon, J. T. Culbertson, James Knight, R. McCormack,\\nD. Watrous, A. S. Bixby and J. C. Probst were also charter members.\\nAt present writing A. S. Bixby is Eminent Commander; J. P. Nor-\\nvell, Gen.; B. Brittingham, C.G. W. J. Calhoun, Prel.; A.L.Webster,\\nS.W. J. Y. Logue, J.W. B. E. Bandy, Rec, and D. Watrous, Treas.\\nThe membership numbers sixty-four. Rev. N. P. Heath, first Com-\\nmander of Athelstan Commandery, since his removal from this place\\nhas held the office of Grand Prelate of the Grand Commandery of\\nIllinois. He has since been a resident of Champaign, at which place\\nhe recently died. John P. Norvell, present Generalissimo of this\\nplace, has also been honored with offices in the Grand Bodies for the\\npast four years.\\nThe Independent Order of Odd-Fellows w T ere granted a charter for\\nthe purpose of performing mystic rites, and for the purpose of prac-\\nticing the principles of F. L. T. in their own peculiar manner, July\\n25, 1850. The charter members of Danville Lodge, No. 49, were John\\nL. Tincher, Samuel Frazier, J. B. Gilbert, Joshua Holingsworth and\\nH. J. C. Batch.\\nThe order has prospered well both in number and financially. It\\nhas numbered among its membership some of the solidest citizens of\\nDanville and vicinity, and, like the Masonic order, is the parent of a\\nnumber of other lodges in different portions of the county. The mem-\\nbership at the present writing is 105, of which F. Wortman is N.G.\\nElias Good, V.G. F. C. Hacker, Treas. S. Goodman, R.Sec, and S.\\nLeaverton, P.Sec. John McMahan, F. W. Penwell, Elias Good, Geo.\\nDillon and S. Leaverton constitute the present board of trustees. An\\norganization of the highest order of Odd-Fellows was established at\\nDanville by charter from the Grand Encampment, December 16, 1857.\\nThe charter members of Marsh Encampment, No. 46, were Robert\\nV. Chesley, John McMahan, J. D. Hartzler, L. H. Sconce, J. P. Brown,\\nThomas McKibben, G. H. Brown, II. T. Downing and J. H. Davis.\\nThe Encampment numbers about forty members, most of whom are\\nalso members of the Subordinate Lodge of this city however, as an", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 367\\nencampment does not necessarily accompany every lodge, some of its\\nmembers reside at and hold lodge membership at other points.\\nIn 1872 the German Odd-Fellows of this city being desirous of an\\norganization authorizing lodge- work in their own language, petitioned\\nfor a charter for the institution of Feuerbach Lodge, No. 499, and in\\nOctober of that year such authority was granted to Charles Hesse,\\nGeorge Dndenhofer, Michael Kohler, Otto Bein, George Waltz, L. H.\\nKahn, Kilian Knell, Jacob Schorr, Anselm Sieferman, E. Blankenburg\\nand F. Brandenberger. George Dndenhofer was first N.G. Otto\\nBein, V.G. L. H. Kahn, Sec, and Kilian Knell, Treas. The lodge\\nhas been quite prosperous, and now numbers, according to the last\\nGrand Lodge Reports, sixty-three members, of which John Zulin is\\nKG.; Theodor Ott, Y.G. Gottlieb Maier, Sec; A. Oberdorfer,\\nP. Sec, and John Shnltz, Treas.\\nThe Ancient Order of Hibernians, No. 1, was chartered in 1873.\\nThe objects of the order are of a charitable nature, and in some respects\\nis intended to fill the place of the secret orders which are not counte-\\nnanced by the Roman Catholic church. It is not secret, but its mem-\\nbership is confined to Catholics and is under the supervision of the\\nclergy. The officers are: P. Carey, president P. Burns, vice-presi-\\ndent D. Moore, financial secretary; Wm. Ryan, treasurer; P. Ger-\\nrety, county delegate M. J. Hogan, corresponding secretary John\\nBuckley, marshal; P. Monahan, sergeant-at-arms W. Dougherty,\\ndoorkeeper. The priest in charge acts as chaplain. The order is\\nin good standing and in prosperous condition, having $600 in the\\ntreasury.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nUnder this head we propose to give extended biographies of a large\\nnumber of the leading citizens of Danville Township, not only of early\\nsettlers, but also of the more modern. Many of them have already been\\nmentioned incidentally in the preceding pages, but we think it will add\\nvastly to the value of the work as a book of reference and as a basis for\\nthe future historian, to give to this department the most minute detail.\\nAs far as practicable, they have been arranged in chronological order,\\nor rather in the order of coming to this township or county.\\nPerry O Neal, Danville, farmer, is one of the old settlers. He was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, one-half mile east of Westville, on\\nthe 16th of January, 1825, and is the son of Thomas and Sarah (How-\\nard) O Neal. Thomas O Neal was born in Nelson county, Kentucky,\\nin 1792, and there learnt the trade of a tanner and currier. He moved\\nfrom his native state to Indiana, and located in Madison, Jefferson\\ncounty, where he was engaged in working at his trade. He remained", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthere until 1821, and in that year with wife and family moved to\\nIllinois, and located in Vermilion county near what is now known as\\nWestville. He first entered eighty acres of land and set out in farming\\nhere he erected a tan-yard which consisted of a large shed, 30x30, and\\nground his tan-bark with a large round stone by horse-power. This\\ntannery was the first in Vermilion county, and was located about fifty\\n3 ards southeast of the home of Perry O Neal. The old log cabin is\\nstill standing in the rear of Mr. O Neal s house. Thomas O Neal fol-\\nlowed the trade of a tanner, and operated the tan-yard for several years,\\nand then spent some time in farming, he owned at one time five\\nhundred and forty acres of land. He was coroner of Vermilion county\\nfor over twenty years was elected in 1840 and held office until his\\ndeath. He and his son Samuel O Neal were both in the Blackhawk\\nwar of 1832. His son William was a blacksmith at the salt works at\\nan early day probably the first blacksmith in Vermilion count} 7\\nThomas O Neal was a man that was known and respected perhaps as\\nwell as any man in Vermilion county. He died in 1861, and thus\\npassed away one of Vermilion county s old and honored citizens. His\\nwife was born in Kentucky, in 1794 she died in 1863. She was a kind\\nand good woman. Of the O Neal family four children are now living.\\nJames O Neal, who was born in Vermilion county on the 20th of April,\\n1822, one of the first white children born in the county, Perry\\nO Neal, Nancy (now the wife of Lewis Ballah), and Cynthia Ann (wife\\nof Joel Bates). Perry O Neal, the subject of this sketch, was brought\\nup as a farmer, and this he has through life followed on the old home-\\nstead, with the exception of a -few years on the prairie. He has never\\nbeen married.\\nGeorge Martin, Danville, retired farmer. This gentleman is one of\\nthe pioneers of Vermilion county, having made his home here in 1827.\\nHe was born in Brown county, Ohio, on the 18th of October, 1810,\\nand is the son of Hutson and Martha (Lacock) Martin. His father was\\na native of Virginia, and followed farming he was a soldier of the war\\nof 1812, and died in Oregon, near Fort Vancouver, in 1851, at an old\\nage. Mr. Martin remained in Ohio until he was six years old, when he\\nmoved with his parents to Ripley county, Indiana, where he remained\\nuntil 1827, engaged in farming. He then, with his parents, moved to\\nIllinois, and located in Newell township, Vermilion county. His father\\ncame here with wife and ten children, and now only three girls and\\nMr. Martin are alive. Mr. Martin, in 1854, moved to Marion county,\\nIllinois, where he was a resident about nine years, at the expiration of\\nwhich time he returned again to Vermilion county. He married in\\nVermilion county to Mary McKee, who was born in Fleming county,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 369\\nKentucky, in 1812, and is a daughter of William and Hester (Adams)\\nMcKee, who moved to Vermilion county in 1832. They came to this\\ncounty with eleven children, and onty four are now living. William\\nMcKee was born in Pennsylvania on the 17th of January, 1783, and\\ndied in Vermilion county on the 21st of February, 1872. Mrs. Hester\\nMcKee was born in Kentucky on the 12th of August, 1785, and died\\non the 1st of December, 1816. Mr. Martin had two sons in the late\\nwar: George M. enlisted from Indiana for one year; he did good ser-\\nvice and was honorably discharged. John H. enlisted in the 125th 111.\\nVol. Inf., Co. A, for three years, as corporal he did good service and\\nparticipated in some of the leading battles: Perryville, Kenesaw\\nMountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro, where he was wounded in the\\nleft shoulder he was in the Atlanta campaign to Richmond, and was\\ncaptured at Black River, North Carolina, and taken as a prisoner of\\nwar to Richmond, Virginia, where he remained about eight days, and\\nwas then paroled, receiving his final discharge at Springfield, Illinois.\\nMr. Martin states that he and Mr. Norton Beckwith made the first\\nbrick in Vermilion county.\\nRev. John Villars grandfather was from England and his grand-\\nmother from Ireland. His father was born on the 28th of July, 1774,\\nand his mother was born on the 23d of March, 1770 her maiden\\nname was Rebecca Davison. They were married in Jefferson county,\\nPennsylvania, on the 19th of April, 1796 to them were born five\\nboys and three girls five were born in Ohio. John, the eldest, was\\nborn on the 14th of February, 1797 the names of the others were\\nMary, James, William and Rachael. They moved to Ohio in April,\\n1806, and there were born to them George, Rebecca and Hiram. In\\n1826 the parents and children were all members of the M. E. Church.\\nJohn joined in 1821 and in 1823 was licensed to exhort; he came to\\nIllinois and settled in Vermilion county in 1830, about four and one-half\\nmiles east of Danville; in 1833 he was licensed by the M. E. Church\\nto preach, but in 1838 he joined the United Brethren in Christ, and\\nremained a minister in that church until his death, on the 14th of\\nMarch, 1858. From Illinois, in 1852, he went to Milwaukee, Wiscon-\\nsin, remaining until 1853, when he returned to this county and re-\\nmained until 1857. He then moved to Nemaha county, Nebraska,\\nand remained there until the 14th of March, 1858, when he died.\\nRev. John Villars was married to Elizabeth McGee, his first wife, in\\nOhio on the 14th of March, 1816. She was born on the 25th of Sej\\ntember, 1797. To them were born ten children, six sons and four\\ndaughters. Jane was born March 10, 1817; .lames, November 28,\\n1819; William. May 22, 1822; Mary, February 14, 1825; Rebecca,\\n24", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nSeptember 7, 1827; John Q., May 1, 1830; George, October 16,\\n1832; Elizabeth, December 14, 1834; Hiram E., November 25, 1837;\\nJona, November 10, 1842. Elizabeth Villars died on the 22d of April,\\n1848 she was a. member of the M. E. Church, and her parents were\\nBaptists. John Villars was married to his second wife, Elizabeth\\nCampbell, on the 10th of October, 1849; she was born in what was\\nthen known as Harrison county, Virginia, on the 2d of September,\\n1816. Her father was from Ireland and her mother from Scotland\\nthey were members of the Presbyterian Church. Rev. John Villars,\\nby his second wife, became the father of two sons and one daughter:\\nJosephine R., born July 31, 1850; John B., born February 15, 1853,\\nand Henry B., born February 26, 1857. Mr. John Villars was a life-\\ndirector in the American Bible Society from the 20th of September,\\n1856, and at his death gave over $6,000 to that society. Elizabeth\\nVillars, his second wife, has been a life-member of the same society\\nfrom the 8th of December, 1856. Rev. John Villars was a man well\\nto do, at one time owning over twelve hundred acres in this county,\\nbesides other property in Iowa he always gave each one of his\\nchildren a good start when they embarked in life for themselves.\\nWm. Fithian, Danville, physician. Dr. fm, Fithian is one among\\nthe oldest settlers of Vermilion county, and a man who has been iden-\\ntified with as much of the development and improvement that has been\\nmade in the county since 1830 as any of the pioneers of Danville. He\\nis a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was born in the year 1800. In\\n1822 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Joseph T. Carter, of\\nUrbana, Ohio, and was in time granted a diploma by the board of cen-\\nsors. He practiced two 7 ears at Mechanicsburgh and four years with\\nDr. Carter, and in 1830 came west, arriving at Danville on the 1st of\\nJune, 1830. Before leaving Ohio we may mention the fact that he\\nbuilt the first house in both the city of Springfield and Urbana, Ohio.\\nIn 1834 he became quite interested in politics, and for several terms\\nwas a member of the legislature and afterward of the senate. He was\\nalso a soldier in the Blackhawk war. He has been very active in the\\nmovements which resulted in bringing several railroads to Danville.\\nIn 1871 he gave to the I. B. W. road the right of wa} through a\\nlarge tract of land in Oakwood township and five acres of land. The\\nvillage of Fithian on this line of road was founded and named by the\\ncompany in honor to the Doctor. He is a member of several of the\\nmedical associations, and is one among the oldest practicing physicians\\nof the State of Illinois.\\nJohn Q. Villars, Danville, farmer, was born in Clinton county, Ohio,\\non the 1st of May, 1830, and is the son of John and Elizabeth Villars.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :i71\\nMr. Villars, with li is parents, came to Illinois and located in Vermilion\\ncounty in 1830. Here Mr. Villars has resided ever since. He has been\\nengaged in farming from the time he was able to hold the plow. He\\nhas held several offices of public trust, overseer of highways and school\\ndirector of Danville township. He married on the 1st of January,\\n1851, to Miss Rachael Olehy, who was born in Vermilion county and\\nwhose parents came to this county at an early day. They have five\\nchildren, Mary E., James W., William D., John P. and Rebecca J., all\\nborn in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Villars are members of the M. E.\\nchurch. He owns one hundred and eighty-four acres of fine improved\\nland.\\nAbraham Draper, Danville, retired farmer. The subject of this\\nsketch is one of the old pioneers of Vermilion county. He was born\\nin Washington county, Pennsylvania, on the 15th of February, 1804;\\nhis parents were James and Mary (Peden Draper his father was a\\nnative of Delaware and his mother of Pennsylvania. When Mr. Dra-\\nper was but five years old he, with his parents, moved to Ohio and\\nlocated on a farm in Clermont county, where he remained until 1830\\nengaged in farming. He married in Clermont county on the 21st of\\nOctober, 1827 (fifty-two years ago), to Miss Eliza Porter, of Westmore-\\nland county, Pennsylvania. She was born on the 17th of January,\\n1805. In 1830 Mr. Draper, with his wife and one child, came to Illi-\\nnois and located in Vermilion county, near the present homestead here\\nin Danville township, which has now been his home for forty-nine\\nyears. A tree stands on his farm that he remembers of noticing in\\n1830. Mr. Draper came here very poor, having borrowed a horse and\\nhired a wagon to bring himself, wife and family here from Ohio. He\\nsettled on congress land, and with hard labor and good management\\npaid for the place in five years. His first one hundred pounds of\\nflour was obtained on the other side of Attica, Indiana, and the second\\nhundred weight was gotten on the other side of Covington. He\\nfound a market for his grain at Terre Haute and Chicago, and hauled\\nit there in wagons. With hard work and economy he accumulated six\\nhundred acres of land. He has given land to each of his children. He\\nhad two sons in the late war, Alexander S. and Abraham I., who did\\ngood service and were honorably discharged. Mr. and Mrs. Draper\\nhave been members of the Baptist church for the last forty-four years.\\nEben H. Palmer, Danville, cashier First National Bank, was born\\nin Danville, Illinois, on the 10th of August, 1830, and is the son of\\nDr. A. P. Palmer, who was born in South Coventry, Connecticut, on\\nthe 9th of March, 1783. He, with his parents, moved to Vermont\\nwhen he was very young, where he remained until he was about eigh-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "372 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nteen years old be then moved to the Black River country, in New\\nYork. At Moscow he commenced the study of medicine, and gradu-\\nated from a medical college, where he received his diploma and com-\\nmenced the practice of medicine in about 1824 or 1825. In 1826 he,\\nwith his wife and three children, came west to Indiana, coming down\\nthe Ohio River from Pittsburgh in a fiat-boat and then up the Wabash\\nRiver, and located in Vermilion county on a farm, where he was en-\\ngaged in farming and the practice of medicine, which extended to a\\ncircuit of forty miles. In 1828 they moved to Danville, Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, where he was engaged at his profession and in the\\ndrug business in company with his son, E. F. Palmer, thus forming\\nthe firm of E. F. Palmer Co., which was perhaps the first drug store\\nin Danville. It was located on the corner of Main and Walnut, in the\\nhouse now occupied by Mr. Woods, the hatter. Dr. Palmer continued\\nhis practice of medicine for a number of years, his circuit extending\\nthroughout Vermilion county. He was married three times twice in\\nthe east, and his third wife, Delia Hawkins (the mother of E. H.\\nPalmer), he married in Vermilion county, Indiana. She was a native\\nof West Bloomheld, New York, having come west with her parents at\\nan early day; she died in 1851, and Dr. Palmer died in August, 1861.\\nThus one by one the old settlers of Vermilion county are passing be-\\nyond the shore of the unknown river. By the marriage of Dr. A. R.\\nPalmer and Delia Hawkins they had eight children of this family\\nonly three are now living, Clara, John J. and Eben H. Our subject\\nat fourteen years of age commenced clerking in a drug store at\\ntwenty-five 3 ears of age he entered, in company with S. A. Humphreys\\nand R. Partlow, the dry-goods business, which continued about two\\nyears. He then was appointed school commissioner, to fill the vacancy\\nleft by his uncle, N. D. Palmer, who died. In 1859 he entered the\\nprivate bank of English Tincher as clerk and book-keeper, which\\nposition he held until the organization of the First National Bank of\\nDanville, when he was elected cashier, which position he has held ever\\nsince. In 1854 Mr. Palmer married Fannie B. Nelson, of Pennsylva-\\nnia by this union they have four children. Mr. Palmer is a member\\nof the Presbyterian church, of which his father was one of the founders\\nand elders.\\nSarah Ann Olehy, Danville, was born in Kentucky on the 11th of\\nOctober, 1822, and is the wife of the late Dennis Olehy, who was born\\nin Ohio, on the 12th of October, 1802. In about 1830 he, with his\\nmother (his father having died in Ohio) and one brother, came to Ver-\\nmilion county and located on the farm where Mrs. )lehy now lives.\\nFlere he set out in farming, first building a place out of rails in which", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. :M-\\\\\\nthey might live. This served until they could find better quarters,\\nwhich he afterward built with a linn tree, making a puncheon floor, a\\ndoor and a table for the cabin. They came here very poor, he having but\\nten dollars in his pocket. His first clearing and farming was done with\\none horse, on a forty-acre farm very thick with timber and hazel-brush.\\nHe worked hard and faithfully, and before his death had accumulated\\ntwo hundred and sixty acres of land. He married his first wife, Eliza-\\nbeth Glaze, in Vermilion county. She lived some sixteen years after\\nmarriage. He then married, on the 6th of May, 1847, to Miss Sarah\\nAnn Jones, the subject of this sketch. Pie had eleven children\\nthree by the first wife and eight by the second. Mr. Dennis Olehy\\ndied a good Christian, being a member of the Baptist Church for a\\nnumber of years. He died on the 2d of March, 1877. Thus one by\\none the old settlers of Vermilion county are passing away.\\nEdmund P. Jones, Danville, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\non the 13th of January, 1830, and is the son of William and Jane\\n(Martin) Jones. His father was a native of Kentucky, and came to\\nVermilion county with his wife and family at an early day, locating on\\na farm and commenced farming, which he followed up to his death.\\nWilliam Jones was born on the 24th of February, 1796 died on the\\n30th of October, 1859. Jane (Martin) Jones was born on the 15th of\\nApril, 1795 died on the 10th of September, 1867. They were mar-\\nried on the 25th of January, 1816. Edmund P. Jones was brought up\\non the farm, engaged in farming, and to-day he owns a good improved\\nfarm of one hundred and seventy-six acres, made by his own industry.\\nHe has twice been married First to Sarah Cox, of Vermilion county,\\non the 19th of October, 1854 she died in 1858. He married the\\nsecond wife, Mary E. Villars, on the 21st of February, 1861 she was\\nborn on the 11th of December, 1840. They have four children living.\\nMr. Jones is a member of the Christian Church.\\nJoseph T. Ross, Danville, retired farmer. The above-named gentle-\\nman is, perhaps, one of the best known and most respected citizens of\\nVermilion county. He was born in Mason county, Kentucky, on the\\n30th of May, 1810, and is the son of John Ross, a native of Pennsyl-\\nvania, who came to Kentucky at an early day, when there were plenty\\nof Indians. There he remained until 1830, and then, with his wife and\\nten children, he came to Illinois and located in Vermilion county, on\\nStony creek. Here he died a respected and good citizen, leaving a\\nwife and family to mourn his loss; his wife died on the farm. Mr.\\nJoseph T. Ross has been engaged in farming from the time he was able\\nto hold the plow until some years ago. He at one time owned eight\\nhundred and fifty acres of fine land, and gave to each of his children", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "::74 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na fine farm. Mr. Ross made a trip from Vermilion county to New\\nOrleans, Louisiana, on a fiat-boat loaded with produce. He had two\\nsons in the late war, James and Hiram, who enlisted in the 125th 111,\\nVol. Inf. for three 7 ears; both did good service. James served three\\nyears and was honorably discharged he died about 1871 with the\\nheart disease and lung fever, contracted principally while in the war.\\nHiram, on the account of sickness, was honorably discharged he is\\nnow farming in Danville township, near his father s home. Mr. Ross\\nhas been married three times. His first wife was Minerva Ticknor, a\\nnative of New Hampshire and a daughter of James Ticknor, who came\\nto Vermilion county with a family in about 1824 or 1825. He then\\nmarried A. J. Black, a native of Kentucky; his third wife is Olivia\\nAnn Morton, of New York he is the father of five children living\\nfour by his first wife and one by the second.\\nA. S. Williams, Danville, dealer in qneensware. A. S. Williams,\\nof the firm of Hawes Williams, was born in Danville on the 22d of\\nAugust, 1831. His father, Amos Williams, whose name is found so\\noften in the general history of this county, was, as will be found in that\\nhistory, one of the early and prominent pioneers of the county. A. S.\\nhad been engaged in several kinds of business until February of 1877,\\nwhen he and V. L. Hawes became proprietors of the establishment they\\nare now running; Hawes having been in the business for several years\\nprevious to the organization of the present firm. Theirs is the only\\nlarge and exclusively qneensware house in the city, their store-room\\nbeing 22-| feet front bj 125 feet in depth, with a basement and part of\\nthe second story; in addition to this they have a ware-room 22^x30,\\nAll of this extensive establishment is well stocked with everything\\npertaining to the qneensware trade. Mr. Williams has never sought\\nany favors of the public, but has always given liberally to any enter-\\nprise pertaining to the public good; though, we may add, from 1875\\nuntil 1878 he held the office of Commissioner of Highways. He is so\\nold a resident of the city and so well known that any compliments of\\nthe press are wholly unnecessary.\\nWilliam C. Wait, Danville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 12th of July, 1831, and is the son\\nof George and Nanc} r (Ray) Wait. His mother was a native of Indi-\\nana; his father, who was from New York, with parents, moved to\\nOhio and located near Columbus he then moved to Vigo county,\\nIndiana, and there married. He and his wife then came to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and located at Marysville in about 1826, where he was\\nengaged in farming, and then moved on the farm now owned b} Mr.\\nWait. His wife died in Marysville, and he, after going west and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 375\\nremaining two years in Missouri, one year in Texas and one in Ar-\\nkansas, returned to Vermilion county, Illinois, and died in 1857, at the\\nage of sixty-six he had married the second wife, Eulia Cox, who\\ndied in Woodford county, Illinois. There are four children living\\nStephen, James, Catharine, and William C, the subject of this sketch,\\nwho has since followed farming and stock-raising, owning a fine im-\\nproved farm of three hundred and twenty acres of land. Mr. Wait\\nlias been married three times. His first wife was Catharine Foley, now\\ndeceased his second wife was Margaret M. Moudy, and his third\\nwife Sallie M. Farris. She was born in Monroe county, Indiana. He\\nis the father of six children living four by his second and two by his\\npresent wife.\\nGeorge M. Villars, Danville, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on his present farm, on the 16th of October, 1832, and is the\\nson of John and Elizabeth Villars, who were among the early settlers\\nof Vermilion county. Mr. Villars was raised on the farm, and has\\nbeen engaged in farming on the old homestead since he was able to\\nhold the plow up to the present time. He owns a fine improved farm\\nof two hundred and six acres of land, and also eighty acres in Sidell\\ntownship and eighty acres in Warren county, Indiana. Mr. Villars has\\nheld several offices of public trust, school director and school trustee.\\nThe latter office he now holds. He was married in 1854 to Miss\\nAmanda Srouf, of Indiana. They have ten children, all born on the\\nold homestead. Mr. Villars is a member of the Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch, of which church he has been a member for the last twenty\\nyears.\\nWilliam Emley, Danville, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 11th of December, 1832, and is the son of Isaac and\\nRebecca (Hathaway) Emley. Isaac Emley was born in Virginia on the\\n21st of April, 1806. He moved to Ohio with his parents when he was\\nabout two years old, and here remained for a number of years, engaged\\nin farming. From Ohio he went to Perrysville, Indiana, where he was\\nmarried in about 1829 to Rebecca Hathaway, who was born on the 4th\\nof May, 1810, and died about 1874. From Perrysville they moved to\\nVermilion county, and located about four miles east of Danville; here\\nhe set out in farming. He was for a number of r ears a preacher in the\\nChristian Church, of which he was one of the founders in that neigh-\\nborhood. He died on the 14th of June, 1877, on the farm adjoining\\nthat of Mr. E. P. Jones. Thus passed away another of the old settlers,\\nhonored and respected. Mr. William Emley, the subject of this sketch,\\nhas all his life been engaged in farming here in Vermilion county, with\\nthe exception of about two years, when he was herding and driving", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "376 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncattle. He was married in Vermilion county to Catharine Lynn, of\\nVermilion county, Indiana. They have four children living. Mr.\\nEmley owns one hundred and ninety-six acres of land.\\nDaniel Kyger, Danville, proprietor of Kyger s Mill. This gentle-\\nman was born in Monroe county, Ohio, on the 22d of January, 1829,\\nand is the son of John and Mary (Sheets) Kyger. He started from\\nGrandview, Ohio, on the Ohio River, in a rlatboat for Illinois. They\\nfloated down the Ohio River to the mouth of the Wabash, and with\\nropes pulled the boat up stream to the Vermilion River, and camped a\\nshort distance up that stream. They landed and located in Vermilion\\ncounty. Illinois, on a farm near Georgetown. Here Mr. Kyger was\\nraised on the farm until he was about eighteen years old. He then\\ncommenced to work at the millwright business. In 1849 he, in com-\\npany with Win. Sheets, Thomas Morgan and IT. T. Kyger, commenced\\nthe erection of a steam flour-mill in Georgetown, which was the first\\nsteam flour-mill built in Vermilion county. In 1850 it was finished\\nby Daniel Kyger, Thomas Morgan, N. Henderson and Son at a cost of\\nabout $6,000. This mill had three run of stone. Here Mr. Kyger re-\\nmained in the mill until 1854. This year, in company with Nathaniel\\nHenderson and Sons, he went to Danville and commenced the erection\\nof what is now known as the Danville Flour Mills. This was also the\\nfirst steam flour-mill erected in Danville. It had three run of stone\\nand commenced grinding in 1856. Here Mr. Kyger remained about\\neight years. In 1865 he came to the present mill. This mill was first\\nbuilt by William Sheets and Thomas Morgan in about 1833, and com-\\nmenced grinding in 1834. It was known for a number of years as the\\nMorgan Sheets Mill. In connection with their grist-mill they\\nerected a saw-mill. This was one of the first water mills in this neigh-\\nborhood, and drew custom for forty miles around. The} r first com-\\nmenced with one run of stone, but soon after had two run of stone.\\nMorgan Sheets continued until about 1842. In 1850 Henry Kyger\\nbecame owner of the mill. In 1865 the firm of Kyger Brothers was\\nformed, and continued until 1873, when Mr. D. Kyger took full charge.\\nIn 1865 the Kyger Brothers made improvements to the mill at a cost\\nof about $8,000.\\nHenry Martin, Danville, farmer, was born in Elwood township, Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 22d of February, 1S32, and is the son of\\nHenry and Mary (Morgan) Martin, natives of Virginia, who made their\\nhome there at an early day. Mr. Martin, the subject of this sketch, was\\nbrought up on the farm and was engaged in farming until the breaking\\nout of the late war, when he enlisted, on the 27th of August, 1861,\\nfor three years, in the 4th 111. Cav., Co. F, as private. He partici-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 377\\npated in some of the most severe battles during the war, such as\\nFort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh. After serving his three years\\nhe reenlisted in the same regiment and served until the 29th of May,\\n1866, having served four years, nine months and two days. He entered\\nas private, but was promoted, first to sergeant, then to orderly sergeant\\nand from that to first lieutenant. This office he filled for over one\\nyear. Mr. Martin had one horse shot from under him during one of\\nthe engagements. He was sick about four months, and with this ex-\\nception he served full time. At the close of the war he returned to\\nVermilion county, and has been a resident there ever since. Mr. Martin\\nwas married in 1854 to Miss Miranda H. Gebhart, daughter of Anthony\\nand Ellen Gebhart, who made their home here in Vermilion county at\\nan early day. By this marriage they have seven children. Mr. Martin\\nhas held several offices of public trust, that of justice of the peace,\\nconstable and town collector of Georgetown township. In these offices\\nhe has given entire satisfaction.\\nMartha McMillen, Danville, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky,\\non the 13th of October, 1821, and is the wife of the late R. H. McMil-\\nlen, M r ho was born in Ohio, near Columbus, on the 17th of June, 1816.\\nHis father was a farmer and a miller by trade, having in operation a\\nflour and saw-mill on his farm. Here Mr. McMillen was engaged in\\nworking in the mill and on the farm. In 1832 he, with his parents,\\ncame to Illinois, and located in Vermilion county. His father built\\nabout the first saw and flour-mill in Denmark, and here Mr. McMillen\\nhelped his father. He was married near Denmark, in this county, to\\nMartha Oder, the subject of this sketch. She moved with her parents\\nfrom Kentucky to Cincinnati, Ohio, and from there to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, at an early day. Some twenty-two years ago they\\nmoved from Blount township to Danville township, on the farm oppo-\\nsite the present homestead, and from there they moved to where Mrs.\\nMcMillen still resides. Here Mr. R. H. McMillen died, on the 1th of\\nMay, 18T6, with ulcer of the stomach, after being sick some three\\nmonths. Thus passed away one of the good old settlers of Vermilion\\ncounty, and a man that was loved and respected by all. He and Mrs.\\nMcMillen had been members of the Christian Church for the last\\nthirty years. They had two sons in the late war, J. G. and fm. M.\\nBoth enlisted in the 125th 111. Vol. Inf., and did good service, being\\nhonorably mustered out. William is now farming on the old home-\\nstead, and J. G. is farming in the county. By the marriage of R. H.\\nMcMillen to Martha Oder they had nine children, seven of whom are\\nliving.\\nJoseph Peters, deceased. Joseph Peters, the subject of this sketch", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "378 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Franklin county,\\nOhio, on the 19th of May, 1819. His father was a native of Pennsyl-\\nvania, and his mother of Virginia. They were of English and German\\ndescent. But little of the surroundings of his early life is known. In\\n1833 he came to Vermilion county, Illinois. For several years he was\\nengaged in almost any honorable employment that would furnish\\nmeans for him to complete his education. After completing his literary\\nstudies he began the study of law under Mr. J. J. Brown, of Danville.\\nIn 1840 he went to the city of Springfield to be examined, with a view\\nto being admitted to the bar. Here he was directed to the residence\\nof Mr. Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln had been married but a short\\ntime, and when called upon by Mr. Peters was found sitting in the\\nshade of a tree, reading to Mrs. Lincoln. He often remarked many\\nyears afterward, when hearing people speak lightly of her, that he\\ncould only think of Mrs. Lincoln as he saw her when making that call\\npleasant, social, and in every word and jesture a lady. After being\\nexamined by Mr. Lincoln, at the proper time and place he was admitted\\nto the bar. From Springfield he went to Marion county, where he\\npracticed law until 1845, when he returned to Danville. Here he fol-\\nlowed the practice of his profession as a principal business. For a time\\nhe filled the office of police magistrate, and in 1858 was elected county\\njudge. He also represented the county in the lower house, and at the\\ntime of his death, which occurred on the 4th of July, 1866, he was a\\nmember of the state senate. During the rebellion of 1861-65 Mr.\\nPeters served his country as quartermaster of the 135th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\na history of which regiment is found in this work. He was a member\\nof the order of A. F. and A. M., and also of the M. E. Church. On\\nthe 20th of October, 1842, he was married to Miss Henrietta Blakeley,\\nwho is a native of Christian county, Kentucky. Their family consists\\nof four children, as follows: Anna B., Mary E., Prier G. and Willie.\\nW. W. P. Woodbury, Danville, druggist and bookseller. One\\namong the oldest residents of the city of Danville or of Vermilion\\ncounty is Dr. W. W. R. Woodbury. He was born on the 19th of No-\\nvember, 1824, in Ripley county, Indiana. In 1833 he came with his\\nfather s people to Vermilion county, Illinois. During his early life the\\nDoctor had but few chances of getting an education. His father being\\npermanently crippled, there were but few advantages to be had either\\nby going to school, which was the old subscription system, or by study-\\ning at home. All due honor, however, must be given his father, who,\\nto raise money to pay for the Doctor s last term of school, sold the old\\nfamily clock. Not being able to give him the advantages he would\\nlike, his father allowed him to become a member of old Dr. Fithian s", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP.\\nM9\\nfamilv, with whom he began and completed the study of medicine,\\ngraduating at Rush Medical College, of Chicago, on the 7th of February,\\n1850. Returning to Danville after graduating, he proposed to follow\\nhis profession but became interested in the drug trade with Dr. J. A.\\nD. Sconce, and finally made it a permanent business. He began in the\\ndrug trade in April of 1850, and is now the only man engaged in the\\nmercantile trade that was at that date doing business in the city of\\nDanville. In company with John W. Myers, in 1859 he built the\\nLincoln Opera Hall, which at that time was the wonder of the country.\\nThe proprietors were laughed at\\nvery much for building their mon-\\nument of folly, as it was called.\\nBut real estate about that time\\ntaking an upward turn, Mr. Wood-\\nbury came out all right. He has\\nfilled several public offices, among\\nwhich may be mentioned that of\\ncommissioner of highways and the\\noffice of mayor of the city of Dan-\\nville. He has built some twelve\\nor fifteen different buildings in the\\ncity and added four additions to the\\ncity plat. In 1853 Mr. Sconce sold out to Stephen and John W. Myers.\\nIn 1857 Stephen died, and Mr. Woodbury then bought their interest\\nin the business, and has since conducted it alone. It is now twenty-\\nnine years since he began on the same ground where he is still engaged\\nas one of the successful men of Danville.\\nSamuel Frazier, Danville. This gentleman, perhaps, is one of the\\nbest known and highly respected citizens of Vermilion county. He\\nwas born in Trumbull county, Ohio, on the 18th of September, 1806,\\nand is the son of Samuel and Mary (Massey) Frazier, natives of Mary-\\nland. His father was a boot and shoe-maker by trade; he was also a\\nsoldier of the war of 1812 a major in General Harrison s army. In\\n1818 he moved to Indiana and located in Dearborn county. Here he\\ncommenced farming, and remained there until 1838, when he came to\\nVermilion county and located where Catlin township now is. Here\\nthey set out in farming and remained until they both died, in Catlin\\ntownship, and were buried in the Danville City Cemetery. Mr.\\nFrazier, the subject of this sketch, remained on the farm in Ohio until\\n1833; he then came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and entered two\\nhundred acres of land. He returned to Ohio, and in 1834 came to Ver-\\nmilion county, which has been his home ever since; he came here\\nLINCOLN OPERA HALL.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "380 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwitb his wife and one child, and settled in what is now Catlin town-\\nship; here he remained until 1838, when he moved to Danville. In\\n1840 Mr. Frazier was elected sheriff of Vermilion county, and filled\\nthis office until 1846 in 1850 he was re-elected to the same office, and\\nfilled it until 1852; this office he filled with honor and credit to him-\\nself and to the people of Vermilion county. When the announcement\\nof the fall of Fort Sumter was made the people were at once aroused,\\nand no time was lost in setting about to solve the problem as to what\\ncould be done to help to restore and save the union of the states.\\nCaptain Frazier raised company C of the 12th 111. Vol. Inf., which\\nwas the first company raised in Vermilion county. It was mustered\\nin for three months and did good service. Mr. Frazier was captain and\\nWilliam Mann first lieutenant. Edward, the son of Captain Frazier,\\nenlisted in company A, 71st 111. Vol. Inf., for three months. He took\\nsick near Columbus, Kentucky, was brought home, and died with that\\ndreadful disease, camp diarrhoea, in 1862. His remains were interred\\nin the Danville City Cemetery. Captain Frazier married in Ohio, to\\nBeulah Ann Finley, by whom they have had twelve children.\\nAchilles Martin, post-office Danville real estate and abstract\\noffice, township Danville, was born in Georgetown. Vermilion coun-\\nty, Illinois, on the 25th of February, 1834, and is the son of Henry\\nand Mary (Morgan) Martin, who were both natives of Virginia and\\namong the first settlers of Vermilion county, having made their home\\nhere at an early day. Mr. Martin, our subject, was brought up on his\\nfather s farm, where he remained until he was about twenty-two years\\nof age. In 1861, at the breaking out of the late war, he enlisted for\\nthree years in the 25th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. A, as private. He was\\nin a number of the most severe battles fought during the war: Pea\\nRidge, Stone River, Chickasaw Mountain, siege of Atlanta and other\\nengagements. He received a wound in the left arm. From private\\nMr. Martin rose to first sergeant, then to second lieutenant, and from\\nthence to first lieutenant. In 1864 he was mustered out, at which time\\nlie returned to Vermilion county. In 1868 he moved to Danville,\\nwhich he has made his home ever since, and has here been engaged in\\nthe real estate and abstract business. Mr. Martin married Miss Lucre-\\ntia Underwood, of Wisconsin. She died in 1859. He then married\\nMiss Helena Monroe, of New York. He is the father of one child b}\\nhis first wife.\\nW. T. Cunningham, Danville, deputy circuit clerk. This gentle-\\nman was born in Danville, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 8th of\\nFebruary, 1834, and is the son of Hezekiah Cunningham, who was\\nborn in Virginia on the 3d of March, 1803. He was the son of David", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 381\\nand Nellie (Burnett) Cunningham. Both parents were of Irish descent.\\nHis father was a fanner. In 1819 Mr. Cunningham came west with\\nhis mother and the Murphy family, by wagon, taking them seven\\nweeks in making the trip. They arrived and located on the North\\nArm, in Edgar county, Illinois, in the fall of 1819, there being but ten\\nfamilies in that part of the country. In 1825 Mr. Cunningham came\\nto Vermilion county and married Mary Alexander, daughter of John\\nB. Alexander, by whom the} had five children, two of whom are liv-\\ning, the wife of Judge O. L. Davis and of W. T. Cunningham, the\\nsubject of this sketch. In 1828 Mr. Hezekiah Cunningham moved to\\nDanville, where he has resided ever since. While a resident here he\\nhas been engaged in the mercantile business some ten years. He was\\na soldier in the Blackhawk war of 1832-3. His wife was born in\\n1791, and died on the 5th of September, 1867. She was buried in the\\nold Danville Cemetery. Mr. Cunningham helped to bury the first\\ncorpse in the Danville Cemetery, which was in 1828. W. T. Cunning-\\nham, our subject, was raised and educated in Danville. He was clerk\\nin a drug store for five years, and for a number of years clerk in other\\ndepartments here in Danville and Washington City. He was appointed\\ncollector of the seventh district by President A. Lincoln. During\\nhis term of office he collected over $3,700,000. He is now deputy cir-\\ncuit clerk, which office he has filled for some eight years. Mr. Cun-\\nningham married, in 1859, Miss Lucy A. Lemon, daughter of John\\nLemon, one of the early settlers of Vermilion county. She died in\\n1876. By this union they had five children, four of whom are living,\\ntwo boys and two girls.\\nTheodore Lemon, Danville, physician. Dr. Theodore Lemon, one\\nof the old pioneers of Danville, was born on the 16th of December,\\n1812. He began the study of medicine in Bunker Hill, Virginia,\\ncoming to Vermilion county in 1835. His first business was to teach\\na term of school in what at that time was the Presbyterian church.\\nAfter this he began the practice of his profession, and at that early day\\nwas sometimes called upon to ride fifteen miles to attend the calls of\\nhis patients. He has passed a long life of usefulness in Vermilion\\ncounty, and has seen and helped to make many of the changes in the\\ndevelopment and improvement that have taken place since he became\\na resident of the county. He married Miss L. E. Sconce, who is a\\nnative of Kentucky. They have a family of eight children, six sons\\nand two daughters. The doctor is of that class of men who have not\\nbeen seekers of notoriety, yet he has made many warm friends, and\\nwill long be remembered by the citizens with whom he has spent so\\nmanv vears.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam I. Moore, deceased. William I. Moore (now deceased)\\nwas probably as well known to the citizens of Danville and vicinity as\\nany old resident of the county. He was born in the State of New\\nJersey in the year 1804. his ancestors being formerly of England.\\nHe came west and located in Vermilion county as early as the year\\n1835, beginning in the mercantile trade, which he followed until\\n1857, when he retired from active business. During the early days\\nin this county, when it was impossible to do business with the rush\\nand jam of the present times, Mr. Moore used to buy large quan-\\ntities of flour, pork and other produce, which he used to stow away\\nin a large wareroom which he had built at Perrysville, Indiana, and\\nwhen sufficient quantities had accumulated he shipped to New Or-\\nleans. His method of transportation was by the old-time fiatboat,\\nwell remembered by the early settlers, who thus transported their\\ngoods down the Wabash and Ohio rivers. About the year 1844 or\\n1845 Mr. Moore served the people of this county as their represent-\\native in the state legislature. In March of 1857 he was married to\\nMiss Mary A. Rowland, daughter of Thomas Rowland, who was one\\nof the early pioneers of Vermilion county. Coming to the county in\\nthe fall of 1826, he located at what was known for miles around as the\\nsalt-works. He remained there until the following spring, when he,\\nwith his family, moved to Champaign county, remaining there for\\nabout seven years. When he had completed all arrangements for\\nreturning to Vermilion county he was taken sick and died, leaving the\\nfamily to return alone, which they subsequent^ did. Mr. Moore, after\\nhis marriage, remained a resident of Danville until his death, which\\noccurred in April of 1877, he being in his seventy -fourth year. But\\nlittle of the surroundings of his early life are known, but with over\\nforty years of the latter part of his life many of the old citizens of this\\ncounty are familiar. He was a man liberal in his support of all public\\ninstitutions for the benefit of the people. After a residence of over\\nforty years in this county he died, leaving a wife, but no children, to\\nmourn his loss.\\nE. R. Lynch, Danville, farmer, was born in what was then known\\nas Harrison county, Virginia, on the 16th of May, 1830, and is the son\\nof John and Mariah (Campbell) Lynch. His father, born on the 8th\\nof July, 1794, was a cabinet-maker by trade, but lived on a farm. He\\nmoved from Virginia with his family to Lancaster, Ohio, where he\\nremained about three years. He then went to Illinois, and located in\\nPontiac, Livingston county, which at that time had but two cabins in\\nthe town. He remained there but a short time when, in 1835, he\\ncame to Vermilion county, and here, on the 21st of July, 1836, he", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 383\\ndied, and was buried in the Lynch graveyard, being the first person\\nburied in that graveyard. His wife (Mariah Campbell Lynch) died on\\nthe 22d of November, 1874; she was born on the 13th of February,\\n1802. Here, on the farm, Mr. E. R. Lynch, the subject of this sketch,\\ncommenced farming at nine years of age, and has been engaged on the\\npresent farm since. He owns a fine improved farm, obtained by his\\nhard work and industry. He was married on the 16th of September,\\n1850, to Elizabeth Villars, who was born in Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, on the 14th of September, 1834, and is the daughter of John and\\nElizabeth (Magee) Villars, whose biographies appear in this history\\nthey have had nine children, seven living.\\nE. W. Cramer, Danville, farmer, was born in Virginia, on the 9th\\nof September, 1825; son of John Cramer, of Virginia; both parents\\nwere of German descent. His father was a farmer, but a carpenter by\\ntrade. From Virginia they moved to Ohio, and remained there for\\nabout eight years; then, in about 1835, moved to Vermilion count}\\nIllinois. They first located in Blount township on a farm, and his\\nfather and mother died at a good old age. Thus passed away two of\\nthe old pioneers of Vermilion county. Mr. Cramer commenced a poor\\nman, but by hard work and good management he owns one hundred\\nand twenty acres of fine improved land. He married Maria Jane\\nHiller; she died, and he was married the second time to Malindia\\nAlbart. They have one adopted child, Charles W. Mr. Cramer s\\nfather was a soldier of the war of 1812 in the six month s service.\\nC. J. Langley, Danville, farmer, was born in Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, on the 25th of February, 1835, and is the son of Nathaniel and\\nMargaret (Holthouser) Langley, both natives of Kentucky, who were\\nmarried in Nelson county of that state, and with two children (Eliza-\\nbeth and Thomas) came to Illinois and located on a farm in Danville\\ntownship, Vermilion county, in 1832. Nathaniel Langley was a sol-\\ndier of the war of 1812. Having come here with moderate means, he\\nentered one hundred and sixty acres of land, but with hard labor and\\ngood management he owned four hundred and eighty-seven acres.\\nHe died in March, 1848, at about sixty years of age. Margaret Langley\\ndied in 1864 or 1865 she was nearly sixty-five years old. Thus passed\\naway two of Vermilion county s old and respected citizens. Both\\nwere buried in what is known as Langley s graveyard. Mr. Langley,\\nthe subject of this sketch, was brought up on the farm, and this busi-\\nness he has followed through life. He owns a fine improved farm of\\nfour hundred and sixty acres. Mr. Langley was married in 1865 to\\nMiss Belle Anderson, of New York, by whom they have six children,\\nLeona, Nora, Maggie, Hortense, Laura Belle and James Eosco.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "384 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nRichard T. Leverich, Danville, farmer. The subject of this sketch,\\nwhose portrait appears in this work, was born in Queens county, New\\nYork, on the 27th of August, 1815, and is the son of John and Alletta\\n(Berrien) Leverich. His father was a blacksmith by trade, and lived\\non a farm, and here Mr. Leverich was brought up, engaged in farming.\\nIn 1835 he, in company with Dr. Fithian, left New York for Danville,\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He had made arrangements with Dr.\\nFithian to clerk in his store. Mr. Leverich went to Dayton, Ohio,\\nriding Dr. Fithian s horse from there to Indianapolis. From here he\\ntook the stage to Perrysville, Vermilion county, Indiana, and from\\nthere to Danville, where he arrived on the 14th of September, 1835,\\ntaking him about two weeks in making the trip. The first two years\\nhe clerked for Dr. Fithian at twelve dollars per month, and on account\\nof business he worked for his board the third year. From there he\\nentered into partnership with L. T. Palmer in the general store busi-\\nness. These gentlemen continued in partnership some fourteen years.\\nFrom that he entered into partnership with his brother, J. G. Lev-\\nerich, which connection continued about five years. Then Mr. Lev-\\nerich continued alone in business some five years longer. He then\\ncame to the farm, where he has resided ever since. He was married\\nin Danville, on the 22d of November, 1843, to Miss Lydia F. Gilbert,\\nwho was born in Ontario county, New York, on the 15th of Septem-\\nber, 1S22, and is the daughter of Solomon Gilbert, who was one of the\\npioneers of Vermilion county. Mrs. Leverich states that her parents\\nbrought the first stove to Danville. On her way to Danville from\\nNew York, with her parents, who came down the Ohio river in a flat-\\nboat, she fell into the Ohio river at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and\\ncame near drowning. She was rescued by a stranger, after going\\nunder water the third time. By their union they have had seven chil-\\ndren, five living.\\nEdward L. Gutterridge, Danville, farmer, was born in Virginia in\\n1799, and is the son of Edward and Elizabeth (Thrap) Gutterridge.\\nMr. Gutterridge, with his parents, moved to Ohio when he was very\\nsmall. In 1835 he moved to Vermilion county, where he has been a\\nresident ever since. He located on the present homestead, and here\\nhe has made nearly all the improvements. He was married in Ohio\\nto Elizabeth Thompson.\\nLevin T. Palmer, Danville, real estate and loan agent, was born on\\nLong Island, New York, on the 3d of December, 1814. His father,\\nJharles Palmer, was born on the 18th of December, 1790, in Newtown,\\nNew York he was engaged in farming, and died on the 30th of August,\\n1*22. Mr. Palmer received a common-school education in his native", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 385\\nstate. In 1835 he came west to Illinois, and in July of the same year\\nlocated in Danville, which he lias made his home principally ever\\nsince. He first commenced to clerk for Dr. Fithian, having arrived\\nhere a poor boy, and with only twenty-rive dollars. He clerked one\\nyear for Dr. Fithian, and then went to Milwaukee, where he remained\\nfor several years, when he returned to Danville and entered the dry-\\ngoods and general store business in company with Richard T. Leverich,\\nwhose biography and portrait appears in this work. These gentlemen\\ncontinued in business about fourteen years. From the mercantile busi-\\nness Mr. Palmer entered the loan and real-estate business with Thos.\\nC. Forbes. This firm was dissolved, and Mr. Palmer then, in 1872,\\nentered into partnership with his son, Charles J. Palmer, which firm\\nto-day is L. T. and C. J. Palmer, real estate and loan agents. Mr.\\nPalmer was married on the 17th of August, 1812, to Miss Esther Gil-\\nbert, who was born in Ontario county, New York, on the 29th of No-\\nvember, 1821, and is the daughter of Solomon Gilbert, who was born\\nin Massachusetts on the 19th of June, 1787, and died on the 5th of\\nFebruary, 1857. He married Esther Green on the 6th of April, 1809;\\nshe was born in Massachusetts on the 13th of December, 1789; she\\ndied in Danville on the 31st of January, 1839. Solomon Gilbert, when\\nvery young, moved with his parents to Ontario county, New York,\\nwhere he married Esther Green, a daughter of Captain Henry Green,\\nwho was a soldier of the war of 1812; Mr. Gilbert also was a soldier\\nof the war of 1812. In 1828 they started for the far west, and arrived\\nin Danville in July, after being out since April. They came via Pitts-\\nburgh, Pennsylvania, by flatboat to Cincinnati, then by wagon to Iro-\\nquois county. Mr. Gilbert built the first grist-mill in Danville.\\nM. A. McDonald, Danville, hardware merchant. The subject of\\nour sketch was born on the 11th of November, 1836, in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and is the son of Alexander McDonald, who was born\\nin Elbert county, Georgia, on the 11th of February, 1796. Mr. Alex-\\nander McDonald was engaged in farming, and moved from Georgia to\\nTennessee. He was married on the 21th of November, 1818, in Lin-\\ncoln count} to Katherine, daughter of John B. Alexander. She was\\nborn on the 20th of April, 1800. From Tennessee they moved to Illi-\\nnois, and located in Vermilion county about 1821. The land not being\\nsurveyed they moved to Edgar county, where they raised one crop,\\nwhen they returned to Vermilion county and located on the Little\\nVermilion river, near Indianola, on a farm, where he remained for a\\nnumber of years. He then moved to Georgetown to school his chil-\\ndren. He had held several offices of public trust he was assessor and\\ncollector for several years. He died in Georgetown about 1861. Thus\\n25", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\npassed away one of the pioneers of Vermilion and Edgar comities, a\\nman that was loved and respected by all. M. A. McDonald, our sub-\\nject, remained on the farm until he was about eighteen years old, when\\nhe entered school, where he received a common-school education. He\\nthen commenced clerking in his father s drug-store in Georgetown,\\nand from there he went to Pontiac. He was married in Terre Haute\\nto Anna W. Jackson she was born on the 17th of Jul} 7 1840, and is\\nthe daughter of Charles D. Jackson, of New York, who moved west\\nand settled in Vincennes, Indiana, in 1817, and from there he went to\\nTerre Haute. By this marriage they have had eleven children. In\\n1861 Mr. McDonald came to Danville and commenced clerking in a\\ndry-goods store. He then went into the hardware business, and has\\ncontinued in this since.\\nJ. G. Davidson, Danville, farmer, was born in Rockbridge county,\\nVirginia, on the 24th of June, 1817, and is the son of John and Eliza-\\nbeth (Goodbar) Davidson, of Virginia. His father was a carpenter by\\ntrade, and followed farming; he was also a soldier of the war of 1812.\\nThey both died in Virginia. Mr. Davidson first went to Ohio in 1835,\\nand remained there until 1837, when he came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois. Here he was first engaged in school-teaching, and was the\\nfirst regular school-teacher. He organized the first singing-class in\\nthat neighborhood which is now Catlin township. He taught school\\nuntil 1840. He married Harriet J. Rodgers, of Butler county, Ohio,\\nthe daughter of Samuel and Annie Rodgers. They have eleven chil-\\ndren. Mr. Davidson has held the office of school-director for a num-\\nber of years. He had one son in the late war, John G., who enlisted\\nin the 125th 111. Vol. Inf. (a history of which regiment appears in this\\nwork) he, after serving about eight months, took sick, and was honor-\\nably discharged.\\nGeorge Dillon, Danville, clerk of the circuit court. This gentle-\\nman was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, near Georgetown, on the\\n16th of January, 1837, and is the son of Luke and Charity (Wright)\\nDillon. His father was born in North Carolina in 1790, and moved at\\nan early day to Ohio, where he, married Miss Charity Wright, who\\ndied in Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1838. She was the mother of\\nten children. From Ohio Mr. Luke Dillon moved and located in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, in 1830, on a farm near Georgetown, where he\\nwas engaged in farming. He married the second wife, Miss Sarah\\nHaworth. He died in 1852, and was interred in the cemetery of the\\nFriends, near Georgetown, where rest the remains of his first wife,\\nthey both having been connected during life with this religious order.\\nMr. Dillon, the subject of this sketch, was engaged in farming until", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 387\\nthe breaking out of the late war. He enlisted as private in Co. D,\\n125th 111. Yol. Inf., for three years; he did good service, and partici-\\npated in some of the most prominent battles. He was wounded June,\\n1864, in a skirmish after night near Dallas, Georgia, and from the\\neffects of this he lost his right arm he was first sent to the hospital at\\nChattanooga, then to Nashville, Tennessee, and finally to Mound City,\\nIllinois, where he received his final discharge in 1865. He returned\\nto Vermilion county, and in 1866 he moved to Georgetown. Mr. Dil-\\nlon has held several offices of public trust. In 1866 he was elected\\ntown clerk of Georgetown township; in 1867 he was elected assessor\\nand collector of the same township, and in 1868 reelected to the same\\noffice; in the fall of 1868 he was elected to the office he now nils, and\\nin which he has served since he was first elected. He has ably and\\npunctually discharged the duties of these offices, and shares, as a result,\\na gratifying degree of popularity. The officers of Vermilion county,\\nmore than any other gathering of county officers in the state, are sol-\\ndiers, and to their honor be it said they are, without exception, soldiers\\nwho earned their spurs by the faithful performance of duty, their cour-\\nage in action and their meritorious conduct. No higher tribute could\\nbe paid to the people of Vermilion county than to take a stranger into\\nthe court-house, and point out the maimed heroes of the w T ar busily\\nfilling the positions that the people of Vermilion county have be-\\nstowed upon them. Mr. Dillon married in Vermilion county, on the\\n7th of March, 1861, Miss Desdamona Martin, the daughter of Henry\\nand Mary (Morgan) Martin, who made their homes in Vermilion\\ncounty in about 1818. By this marriage they have had seven children,\\nfive living.\\nWilliam Bandy, Danville, money-broker. This subject is one of\\nthe old pioneers of Vermilion county. He was born in Bedford county,\\nVirginia, on the 22d of July, 1812, and is the son of James and Nancy\\n(Brown) Bandy, both natives of Virginia. His father was a farmer,\\nand about 1820 he moved to Tennessee, near Nashville. Mr. Bandy\\nremained in Virginia, working on the farm, until 1828, and then, with\\nhis brother, Washington Band} who died in about 1837, and Samuel\\nHowell and wife, he came by wagon and team to Illinois, and located\\nin Vermilion county, taking about forty days to make the journey.\\nMr. Bandy came here very poor. He first was engaged in clerking in\\nan Indian store, which was a trading-point for Gurdon S. Hubbard.\\nWhen he came here he located on one hundred and sixty acres of land,\\nbut his brother married, and moved on the place and improved it. Mr.\\nBandy was also clerking for Dr. W. Fithian in a general store. About\\nthis time the Blackhawk war broke out, and he enlisted as a volun-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nteer under Colonel Moore; with a command- of about four hundred\\nmen went to Joliet and built the fort at that place. Here was where\\nthe first man was killed by the Indians out of this regiment. From\\nJoliet the regiment reported at Ottawa, and from there they returned\\nhome. He enlisted the second time, after making two applications,\\nand did service in Illinois and Wisconsin. During this time the sol-\\ndiers suffered very much from cholera in Wisconsin. All returned\\nhome except sixteen men who remained there until the time expired.\\nMr. Bandy was one of the sixteen men. He returned to Danville, and\\nwas made marshal of this district. He read medicine for a short time.\\nOn the 16th of October, 1833, he married Harriet J. Murphy, daugh-\\nter of William Murphy, who was one of the first settlers of Edgar\\ncounty, Illinois, having moved there about 1818. Mrs. Bandy was\\nborn in Virginia on the 27th of July, 1812; came to Edgar county,\\nIllinois, with her parents. B} r this union they have had seven chil-\\ndren, five boys and two girls. They had two sons in the late war y\\nWilliam M. and Samuel J., and both did good service. Mr. Bandy,\\nat the breaking out of the late war, took an active part in raising a\\ncompany of cavalry, but on account of the quota being filled he was\\nrejected. Many are the interesting stories of the good old times in\\nVermilion county that Mr. Bandy can relate.\\nThe Giddings family. There is probably not an old settler in the\\ncity of Danville or Vermilion county but who, if he were asked\\nwho the Giddings family are, would answer without any hesitation,\\nOne among the first and most honorable families of the county.\\nMr. William Giddings, the father of the family, and whose portrait\\nappears in this history, was born in Silso, Bedfordshire, England, on\\nthe 8th of January, 1813; his death occurred on the 20th of Septem-\\nber, 1875, the superscription upon the silver tablet of his metallic\\nburial-case being as follows William Giddings. Died September\\n20, 1875. Aged 62 years, S months and 12 days. His wife, who\\ndied on the 25th of May, 1874, was also a native of England. She\\nwas born on the 29th of July, 1814. They were married on the 3d of\\nDecember, 1834. They came to the United States in 1837, coming\\ndirect to Danville, where they arrived on the 21st day of April of the\\nyear above mentioned. At the date of their deaths they were both\\nconsistent members of the North Street Methodist Episcopal Church.\\nThey came to Danville during the pioneer days of the county, and\\nwere obliged to put up with many of the hardships and privations\\nincident to pioneer life. Mr. Giddings was a manufacturer of wagons,\\ncarriages and plows, and began business in Danville when it was nec-\\nessary to go to the timber to find a tree whose crooked growth was of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 389\\nthe proper shape for the manufacture of mold-boards, which he used in\\nthe construction of plows of that date. Beginning business in this\\nmanner, he, by a life of energy, honest industry and a close attention\\nto his business, accumulated a property of one hundred and seventy-\\nfive thousand dollars. Danville, at his death, mourned the loss of one\\nof her best citizens. The citizens, in respect for him, closed their busi-\\nness houses during the funeral services. His four sons, to whom the\\nfollowing sketch relates, are among the honorable business men of the\\ncity, and have not thus far disgraced the teachings of their father in a\\nsingle instance. J. W. Giddings, the eldest of the four sons, was born\\nin Danville on the 21st of April, 1842. His early life was spent with\\nhis father, with whom he learned the trade of manufacturing wagons\\nand carriages. In 1863 he entered the Union army in the war of\\n1861-65, enlisting first in Co. A, 71st Regiment, three-months ser-\\nvice. Upon the completion of this term of service he again enlisted,\\nthis time in the 135th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. K. On returning from the\\narmy he again became a resident of Danville, and in 1879 began busi-\\nness in his present line (that of heav} T hardware), his partner being\\nMr. J. A. Patterson, and the firm name being Giddings Patterson.\\nThey are located on the corner of Main and Franklin streets. They\\nare the only dealers in this line of goods in the city. Though they\\nhave been engaged in the business but a short time the} have every\\nprospect of success. Charles H. Giddings, the second eldest of the\\nbrothers, is also a native of Danville. He was born on the 11th of\\nMarch, 1844. He also learned the trade of his father, and for some\\ntime after his father retired from the business in 1865, was, in com-\\npany with his brother, John W., and O. S. Stewart, engaged in the\\nsame line of manufacture under the firm name of Giddings, Stewart\\nCo. They were together about nine years, when the brothers bought\\nthe interest of Mr. Stewart, and continued the business together for\\nabout one and one-half years. He then sold out to his brother, John\\nW. He, Mr. I. H. Philips, and his brother, John W., were the exec-\\nutors of his father s large estate. This business they settled to the sat-\\nisfaction of all parties interested, and without any of the wrangling\\nwhich so often occurs in the division of a large property. One request\\nin the will of Wm. Giddings was that all his children might be pleased\\nand satisfied with his apportionment of the property. Charles H. was\\nappointed receiver of the Vermilion County Grange, when that insti-\\ntution collapsed. This business he also settled up satisfactorily. He\\nhas recently engaged, in company with Mr. Ganor, in the ice trade\\nthey have begun only on a small scale, but they have commenced with\\na view of increasing the business as they become familiar with it.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "390 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThey began business in 1879. He, like the rest of the brothers, is a\\ngood financier, and there is but little doubt of his success in this under-\\ntaking. George E. Giddings, the third son, is now junior member of\\nthe firm of Smith Giddings, proprietors of the Lustro Mills. He\\nwas born in Danville on the 20th of July, 1848. His early life having\\nbeen spent at home, he very naturally learned the business of his father.\\nFor five years previous to his engaging in the milling business, he had\\nbeen engaged in the hardware trade. Closing out business in this line,\\nhe, in March, 1875, became a partner of Mr. Smith in the Lustro Mills.\\nThough not a practical miller by trade, he has already become quite\\nfamiliar with the business. He, like the others, seems to have chosen\\na business that, with proper energy and industry, can only bring him\\nsuccess. Albert Giddings, the youngest of the four sons, was born\\nin Danville on the 3d of December, 1850. He, like his brothers, has\\nreceived a good education, and like them also the early part of his life\\nwas spent at the business in which his father was engaged. He is now\\njunior member of the firm of Johns Giddings, dealers in groceries,\\nthe partnership having been formed in September of 1876. The build-\\ning they occupy belongs to him, and is located on the corner of Main\\nand Hazel streets. It is a fine brick structure, built by his father in\\n1866. In size it is 21 feet front by 85 feet deep, two stories and base-\\nment, and is known as the Giddings block. Here he may be found\\nduring business hours engaged in a business that, if one may judge by\\nhis pleasant and courteous treatment of friends and customers, is both\\npleasant and profitable. In conclusion, we may say it has seldom been\\nour good fortune to meet a family of brothers situated similar to these\\nfour, who seem each to have the friendship for the other that existed\\nin the times gone by when they were four boys under the care and\\nguidance of their parents. We can only add that there are three sis-\\nters, whom we hope will be pleased with our sketch of the Giddings\\nfamily, and our only apology for its being less complete than they\\nmight wish, is an ignorance of the necessary facts relative to themselves.\\nE. W. Eakin, Danville, county treasurer, was born in what was then\\nknown as Wythe county, Virginia, on the 12th of August, 1828, and\\nis the son of Samuel and Sarah (Lockett) Eakin. His mother was a\\nnative of Virginia, and his father of Georgia. He was a farmer. In\\n1838 Mr. Eakin, with his parents, moved to Vermilion county, Illinois,\\nand located on a farm in Georgetown township. Here Mr. Eakin was\\nbrought up, engaged in farming in the summer and in the winter\\nmonths attending school. He received his principal education in the\\nGeorgetown Seminary, then one of the leading institutions of learning\\nin eastern Illinois. He, when twenty years old, was engaged in teach-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 391\\ning school. The first school which he taught was in Coles county, and\\nof that county he was afterward appointed assistant county surveyor.\\nFrom there he was engaged in stock-trading and farming. In 1859 he\\nwas married in Vermilion county, Illinois, to Miss Ellen M. Fairbank,\\nof Vermont. He then moved to a farm in Carroll township, this\\ncounty, where he was engaged until 1862, when he enlisted for three\\nyears in the 125th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. D., as fourth sergeant. He did\\ngood service, and participated in some of the most prominent battles\\nduring the war. He was in the battle of Perrysville, Chickasaw\\nMountain, siege of Atlanta and Jonesborough, Georgia. Here Mr.\\nEakin received a very painful wound in the face while his company\\nwas making an assault on the enemy s works. He was honorably mus-\\ntered out at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1865, when he returned home to\\nVermilion county, where he was engaged in farming. In 1877 he was\\nnominated and elected by the republican party treasurer of Vermilion\\ncounty, which office he now holds. Mr. Eakin is a strong republican\\nin politics, and has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church\\nfor the last forty years.\\nJoseph Smith, Danville, miller. The Lustro Mills, which are now\\nso well known to the people of Vermilion county, were built in 1870\\nby Knight Fairchild, the firm making several changes before the\\npresent proprietors, Smith Giddings, took it. This firm was estab-\\nlished in 1875, though Mr. Smith, the senior member of the firm, was\\nconnected with the mills as early as 1874. The mills have three run\\nof stone and a capacity of flouring about forty barrels per day. Their\\ntrade is both merchant and custom milling.\\nMr. Joseph Smith was born on the 1st of August, 1819, in Oxford-\\nshire, England. In 1834 he came to the United States with his people,\\nthey locating in Herkimer county, New York. He came to Vermilion\\ncounty as early as 1838, though he only remained about one year. In\\n1840 he began learning the trade of a miller in Elmira, New York.\\nHe remained milling in that state about ten years, then came to\\nIndiana and began in the same business at La Fayette. From there he\\nwent to Lebanon, Boone county, Indiana, where he purchased an\\ninterest in a mill and continued the business until about 1855, when\\nhe came to Vermilion county and located at Myersville, still in the\\nsame line. From there he came to Danville, and was for one year\\nconnected with M. M. Wright. About this time he was unfortunate\\nenough to have a team run away with him, and by this accident was\\ncrippled for five years. There seemed sometimes to him to be but\\nlittle chance of recovery, but he did recover, and at present may be\\nfound almost any time at the Lustro Mills or on his farm, which is", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nlocated close to the city, a pleasant, genial gentleman as well as a good\\nfinancier.\\nE. J. Draper, Danville, grocer, was born in Vermilion county in\\n1838, and is the son of Jonathan and Filena (Galusha) Draper, his\\nmother being the daughter of Governor Galusha. When he was five\\nyears old his people moved to the State of Vermont, and there E. J.\\nremained until the age of nineteen years, receiving his education at\\nNorth Bennington. In 1857 he came west, stopping at Sidney, where\\nhe engaged in business, and from that time until thirteen years ago,\\nwhen he began business in Danville, in the grocery trade, was engaged\\nin different kinds of business and in different localities. In Septem-\\nber of 1862 he entered the Union army in the war of the rebellion,\\nenlisting in Co. C, 125th 111. Vol. Inf., three-years service, Captain\\nWin. W. Fellows. He participated in many of the heavy battles,\\namong which ma} r be mentioned the battle of Perrysville, siege of\\nChattanooga, and the Atlanta campaign. During this campaign, for\\nabout three months, there was fighting nearly all the time. During\\nhis service he was a part of the time engaged as adjutant s clerk and\\nsome of the time as hospital steward. When he returned from the\\nwar, in 1865, he was for a time employed in the office of J. C. Short,\\ncounty clerk. After engaging in the grocery trade, he was for eight\\nyears located on Main street, but is now at No. 62 Vermilion, where he\\nhas an establishment 20 x 110, well stocked with everything pertaining\\nto the grocery business.\\nSamuel G. Craig, Danville (deceased), was one of the old pioneers\\nof Danville. He was born in the state of Kentucky in 1812. From\\nthat state he moved to Indiana, and from there to Danvylle in 1838.\\nFor twelve years he filled the office of circuit clerk. He then engaged\\nin the dry-goods trade, which he followed for many years. For a time\\nhe represented Vermilion county in the state legislature. His death\\noccurred in 1871. In 1856 Mr. Craig was married to Mrs. Gilbert.\\nShe is the daughter of Henry Klien, and a native of the state of Penn-\\nsylvania. Her home is still in Danville.\\nFrank M. Riley, farmer, lives in Indiana, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 14th of April, 1844, and is the son of Jacob\\nand Elizabeth (Nichols) Riley. Mr. Riley s father, Jacob Riley, was\\nborn in Hardin county, Kentucky, on the 10th of February, 1803. In\\n1827 he came to Perrysville, Vermilion county, Indiana, and was en-\\ngaged in the saddle and harness business for about twelve years. He\\nwas married in Perrysville, in 1831, to Elizabeth Nichols, of Virginia.\\nFrom Perrysville they moved to Vermilion county, Illinois, some forty\\nyears ago. Here Mr. Riley has been a resident ever since. His first", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 393\\nwife died on the old homestead. He then married the second time to\\nCatharine Blunk, of Kentucky. He is the father of five children, liv-\\ning, all by his first wife. Mr. Frank M. Riley was brought up on the\\nfarm, engaged in farming. He, in 1861, at the first call, enlisted in the\\nhundred-day service in the 71st 111. Vol. Inf., Co. H, and did good\\nservice. He was honorably mustered out. Mr. Riley is a member of\\nthe Perrysville, No. 344, Masonic society. He is a republican in poli-\\ntics. He was married in 1877, to Miss Martha W. Rodgers, of Warren\\ncounty, Indiana, daughter of Elisha and Mary Ann Rodgers. Mr.\\nRiley is flagman for the Evansville, Terre Haute Chicago Railroad,\\nwhich makes it convenient for any one to get on the cars at his farm,\\nas it is a flag station. He also took an active part in helping to get\\nthe right of way for this railroad in this vicinity. Mr. Riley was in\\nWayne county, Illinois, one and one-half years, in the stock business.\\nR.M.Price Bro., Danville, livery stable. These gentlemen were\\nboth born in Vermilion county, Illinois. R. M. Price was born on the\\n9th of April, 1840, on his father s farm, where he remained until he\\nbecame of age. He then commenced school-teaching, and from that\\nhe commenced the practice of law in Danville. In 1863 he enlisted in\\nthe late war, in Jacksonville, Illinois, in the 61st 111. Vol. Inf., Co. A.\\nHe was detailed as clerk in the quartermaster s department, and then\\nin the United States arsenal at Little Rock, Arkansas, and from there\\nhe went to Franklin, Tennessee. He then went to Nashville, where\\nhe acted as clerk for the government. He remained in service until\\nthe close of the war. His brother, Thomas J. Price, was born in 1842,\\nand was raised on a farm. In 1861 he enlisted in the late war, in the\\n125th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. B, for three years, but after serving about nine\\nmonths, he took sick and was discharged, returning to Vermilion\\ncounty. These gentlemen to-day own one of the leading livery stables\\nof Danville. They keep on hand twelve horses, with a good stock of\\ncarriages and buggies. Their father, Lloyd H. Price, was born in Pike\\ncounty, Ohio, in 1812, and is the son of Robert G. Price, who, with a\\nfamily, came to Illinois and located in Vermilion county, near Den-\\nmark, in 1835. Here Robert G. Price died in 1850, and he and his\\nwife were buried on the farm near Denmark. Lloyd H. Price remained\\non his father s farm until he was about twenty three years of age, when\\nhe married Minerva Howard, who was born in Pike county, Ohio, in\\n1817. By this union they had nine children, four of whom are living.\\nLloyd H. Price commenced farming, a poor boy, but with hard work\\nand good management had accumulated considerable property, and was\\nrecognized as one of the most successful farmers of Vermilion county.\\nHe owned sixteen hundred acres of fine land, and other valuable prop-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "394 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nerty. He died a christian, being a member of the Christian Church.\\nHe departed this life in 1876, respected and honored, and was buried\\nat Newell Grove, in Newell township, in the graveyard where his wife\\nwas buried in 1864.\\nOliver L. Davis, Danville, judge of the circuit court, was born in\\nNew York city on the 20th of December, 1819, and is the son of Wm.\\nand Olivia (Thompson) Davis. His father was a native of New York,\\nand was born near Saratoga Springs. He was a commission merchant\\nin New York city. Judge Davis received his principal education at\\nan academy in New York state. He was in the employ of the Amer-\\nican Fur Company as clerk for seven years. In 1841, in company with\\nJ. G. Leverich, Esq., he came west and located in Danville, Illinois,\\nwhere he has made his home ever since. Here he commenced the\\nstudy of law with Isaac P. Walker in December, 1842, and was ad-\\nmitted to practice law at the Illinois state bar. While at his profession\\nhe associated himself as law partner with Colonel O. F. Harmon and\\nJ. B. Mann, Esq. In 1851 Judge Davis was elected by the democratic\\nparty a member of the legislature. In 1857 he was elected to the\\nsame office by the republican party. In 1861 he was made judge of\\nthe twenty-seventh circuit. In 1861, when the new circuit was formed,\\nhe was reelected. This office he filled until 1866, when he resigned.\\nIn 1873 he was elected judge of the fifteenth circuit. In 1877 he was\\nmade a member of the appellate court, third district. By the consoli-\\ndation of the fifteenth and sixteenth circuits the fourth judicial circuit\\nwas formed, and Mr. Davis has been judge of this circuit ever since it\\nwas organized. Judge Davis was married on the 5th of December,\\n1844, in Danville, Illinois, to Miss Sarah M. Cunningham, who was\\nborn in Illinois on the 3d of September, 1827. She is the daughter of\\nHezekiah Cunningham, one of the pioneers of Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois. By this union they have six children.\\nJohn G. Leverich, Danville, master in chancery, whose portrait\\nappears in this work, is a fair example of what may be attained by per-\\nseverance, industry and energy. He was born on the 10th of October,\\n1819, in Newtown, Queens county, New York, a suburb of New York\\ncity, and is the son of John and Alletta (Berrien) Leverich, both\\nnatives of New York. John Leverich, the father of Mr. Leverich, was\\na blacksmith by trade, and followed farming. He was a sergeant in a\\ncompany of New York militia in the war of 1812. Both parents died\\non Long Island, New York. At fourteen years of age Mr. Leverich\\naccepted a clerkship in New York city, where he remained until 1841.\\nThis year, in company with Judge O. L. Davis, he set out for the far\\nwest, arriving and locating the same year in Danville, which has been", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 895\\nhis home ever since. Here he commenced clerking in a store, and from\\nthat he entered the mercantile business in company with his brother,\\nR. T. Leverich, keeping a general stock of merchandise. He continued\\nin business with his brother about five years. In 1860 he was appoint-\\ned master in chancery, which office he has held ever since, and to-day\\nis perhaps the oldest master in chancery in the state of Illinois. He\\nhas ably and punctually discharged his official duties, and shares as a\\nresult a gratifying degree of popularity. In 1847 Mr. Leverich mar-\\nried Miss Sarah Tilton, by whom they have had five children, two de-\\nceased. In politics he is a republican, of which party he has been a\\nmember ever since its organization.\\nFrancis M. Allhands, Danville, ex-county treasurer, was born in\\nMontgomery county, Indiana, on the 17th of January, 1832, and is the\\nson of Andrew and Margaret (Swank) Allhands. His father, a native\\nof Ohio, was engaged in farming. He moved, with his wife, from Ohio\\nto Indiana, where she died. He then married Mrs. Martha Campbell,\\nformerly Miss Willhite. By these two companions he raised a family\\nof nine children, five by the first and four by the second. Mr.\\nAllhands can trace his family through the paternal line back to Ger-\\nmany, when his great-grandfather came over from that country to\\nAmerica. In 1842 Mr. Allhands, with his parents, moved to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and located in what is now Catlin township. Here\\nthey set out in farming, and here, also, his father, born in 1806,\\ndied in 1851. Mr. Allhands learned the carpenter and joiner s trade,\\nwhich business he engaged in until the breaking out of the war. In\\nthe fall of 1861 he enlisted as a recruit in Co. E, 35th 111. Yol. Inf., and\\nparticipated in some of the most severe battles. In the engagement at\\nPea Ridge, Arkansas, he was struck three times with grape and musket\\nballs. One very painful wound was in the big toe, by which he was\\ntemporarily disabled, and fell a prisoner into the enemy s hands. He\\nwas taken to the hospital with the rest of the wounded, and there\\nbound up his own wound, which bled quite freely, thus making it look\\nmore severe than it really was. The next day they received orders\\nthat all who could walk would be obliged to move forward; but seeing\\nMr. Allhands foot bandaged and bloody, they allowed him to remain\\nwith a rear guard, who left him in a farm-house by the roadside. He\\nmanaged to get hold of an old broken-down mule, which he rode back\\nto the Union lines, and rejoined his regiment. He was afterward en-\\ngaged in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge\\nand other battles. He was again wounded at Tunnel Hill, or Rocky\\nFace, Georgia, from the effects of which it became necessary to ampu-\\ntate his right foot, which was done at Nashville, Tennessee, on the 18th", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "396 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof July, 1864. Mr. Allhands entered the army as a private, but on his\\nsoldierly qualities he was promoted to second, and afterward to first,\\nlieutenant. He was honorably mustered out of the service at Nash-\\nville, Tennessee. Mr. Allhands has held several offices of public trust,\\nand has proven himself a man of acknowledged ability. In 1865 he\\nwas elected assessor and collector of Catlin township. In 1867 he was\\nelected treasurer of Vermilion county, Illinois, and held the office for\\nten years. On the 4th of March, 1858, he married Mary J. Hilliary,\\ndaughter of George and Sarah Hilliary, who were among the early\\nsettlers of Vermilion county. Mr. Allhands is the father of seven chil-\\ndren three died with scarlet fever.\\nWilliam H. Newlin, Danville, deputy circuit clerk, was born in\\nGeorgetown, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 4th of September,\\n1842, and is the son of John and A. (Henderson) Newlin. His father\\nwas born in North Carolina. He was a saddler by trade, and coming\\nwest located in Indiana about 1830. In 1832 he came to Illinois, and\\nwas for a number of years a justice of the peace. Mr. William H.\\nNewlin received his principal education at Georgetown. He was a\\nsoldier in the late civil war*. He enlisted July, 1862, as a private in\\nCo. C, 73d 111. Vol. Inf. (a history of which regiment appears in this\\nwork). He participated in some severe battles, and was taken prisoner\\nby the enemy in the battle of Chickatnauga, Georgia, on the 20th of\\nSeptember, 1863. He was taken to Richmond, Virginia, where he\\nremained until the 14th of November, 1863, when the prisoners were\\nmoved to Danville, Virginia. Here the small-pox had made its ap-\\npearance among the prisoners, and on the 14th of December Mr. New-\\nlin was taken sick with that disease, and was sent to the hospital,\\nwhere, after receiving sufficient strength, on the night of the 19th of\\nFebruary, 1864, with five other Union soldiers, he made his escape and\\nset out for the Union lines. Mr. Newlin has written and published a\\nvery interesting work of one hundred and twelve pages, relating their\\nescape to the Federal camp. Of the six that made their escape only\\nfour are known to have ever reached the Union lines, and they arrived\\nthere on the 20th of March, 1864, and on the 29th of March they\\nreported at post-headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio, where they received\\na furlough. Mi 1 Newlin arrived home on the 3d of April. His visit\\nwas unexpected, and the first intimation his parents had received for\\nmany weeks that he was yet alive was when he entered the old home.\\nMr. Newlin rejoined his regiment, and served until the close of the\\nwar, being made first lieutenant of his company. At the close of the\\nwar he returned to Georgetown, where he was engaged in the mercan-\\ntile business about three years. Mr. Newlin has held several offices of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 397\\npublic trust. He was collector and assessor, township clerk and school-\\ndirector he tilled each of these offices for several years with marked\\nability, giving entire satisfaction. In 1876 he was made deputy circuit\\nclerk, which office lie has filled ever since. Mr. Newlin was married\\nin 1868 to Miss Amanda Ann Hawes, of Georgetown, daughter of Dr.\\nA. Hawes, one of the pioneers of Vermilion county. B3 7 this marriage\\nthey have three children.\\nG. W. Hooton, Danville, lumber dealer, is a native of Clermont\\ncounty, Ohio, though he came to Vermilion county with his people\\nwhen he was but seven years old. This was in 1842, and he has since\\nremained a resident of the county. During his early life he had not\\nthe advantages of getting an education that are enjoyed by the present\\ngeneration, though he improved all opportunities and became a fair\\nscholar. He did some farming; learned the trade of a carpenter and\\njoiner, at which he did some work, and taught several terms of school,\\nas well as spending about three years on the road, though this was\\nin later years. The firm of Hankey Hooton has been familiar to\\nthe people since 1876, the Mr. Hankey being a brother of his present\\npartner, Mr. C. F. Hankey, who became a member of the firm on the\\n1st of January, 1879. Mr. Hooton has dabbled a little in political\\naffairs, having been a member of the city council during the years\\n1873, 1874 and 1875. He is also W. M. of the Olive Branch Lodge of\\nA. F. and A. M. In business affairs they have established a good\\ntrade and reputation, their trade now amounting to about twenty-five\\nthousand dollars per year.\\nWilliam Cast, Danville, farmer, was born in Clinton county, Ohio,\\non the 17th of April, 1821, and is the son of A. and Mary (Villars)\\nCast. His father was a farmer, and a native of Kentuckv, having\\nmoved to Ohio at an early day, and died there in about 1831. Mr.\\nCast was brought up on his father s farm. He was married in 1843 to\\nMiss Rachael Villars, of Ohio, and the same year they came to Illinois\\nand located in Vermilion county. Here they have remained ever\\nsince on the present farm. Mr. Cast came to Vermilion county worth\\nabout five hundred dollars; he invested in one hundred and forty\\nacres of land, and commenced farming to-day he owns three hundred\\nand twenty acres of fine improved land, which he has accumulated by\\nhis own industry. They have had four children, three living.\\nGeorge F. Coburn, Danville, attorney at law, is one of the success-\\nful attorneys of Vermilion county. He was born in Brown county.\\nOhio, on the 29th of December, 1841, and is the son of Francis D. Co-\\nburn, a native of New Hampshire, who, with a wife and three children,\\nmoved to Illinois and located on a farm in Danville township, Vermil-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "398 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nion county, in 1843. Here he was engaged in farming until 1871,\\nwhen he departed this life, an honored and respected man. Here, on\\nthe farm, Mr. Coburn grew into manhood engaged in farming from\\nthe time he was able to hold the hoe or handle the plow, and in the\\nwinter months attending the district schools of the period. When\\nnineteen years old he commenced teaching school, and taught five\\nwinters and one summer. He was also engaged in the study of law.\\nHe came to Danville and commenced reading law under Judge O. L.\\nDavis, where he remained about one year. In 1867 he was admitted\\nto practice law at the Illinois bar. Here he has been engaged in Dan-\\nville in the practice of law ever since, with the exception of one year.\\nMr. Coburn has formed a partnership with Joseph W. Jones and Daniel\\nW. Limder, now law partner of W. II. Mallory, which was formed in\\nthe fall of 1878. Mr. Mallory was born in Cortland county, New\\nYork, on the 14th of December, 1812, and was admitted to the bar in\\n1837. He came west in 1841, first locating in Fountain county, Indi-\\nana, thence (1867) to Du Page county, Illinois, and in 1870 came to\\nDanville. Mr. Mallory is one of the oldest practicing attorneys of the\\nVermilion county bar.\\nHiram W. Ross, Danville, farmer, was born in Yermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 8th of November,. 1843, and is the son of Joseph T.\\nRoss, whose biography appears in this work. Mr. Ross was raised on\\nthe farm. In 1862 he enlisted in the 125th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. B. He\\nparticipated in the battle of Perrysville. He was taken sick and moved\\nto the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, where he remained until 1863,\\nand on account of sickness he was honorably discharged. He returned\\nhome, and in 1872 he married Tilda Ann Smith, daughter of Abraham\\nSmith, who was an early settler of this county. They have one child.\\nThe following appropriate tribute to the memory of Hon. John L.\\nTincher has been prepared and kindly furnished us by A. G. Smith\\nJohn L. Tincher was born in Kentucky in 1821. Eight years later\\nhis parents removed to Vermilion county, Indiana. When the subject\\nof this sketch had arrived at the age of seventeen years his parents had\\ndied, and then he addressed himself to acquiring an education. He\\nattended school for about three years in Coles county, Illinois, and then\\ntook service in the store of Jones Culbertson, at Newport, Indiana.\\nIn 1843 he came with J. M. Culbertson to Danville, and was a clerk in\\nhis store until 1853, when the notable firm of Tincher English was\\norganized first as merchants and afterward as bankers. The First\\nNational Bank of Danville stands as a monument of their united\\nenergy, labor and prudence. Mr. Tincher acquired a handsome prop-\\nerty, to which his wife and children became heirs without the interfer-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 399\\nence of a will. In 1804 Mr. Thicker was elected a member of the\\nlower house of the general assembly of the state. In 1867 he was\\ntransferred to the senate, to membership in which he was re-elected in\\n1870. He was also, in 1870, a member of the convention that revised\\nthe fundamental law of the state. For many years Mr. Tincher s busi-\\nness affairs were very exacting, and in the later years of his life official\\ntrusts increased the demands upon his energies, and added to these\\nwere churchly and social obligations, in all, making the demands upon\\nhim exceedingly onerous; the unceasing strain upon his mind and body\\nmay be supposed to have shortened his life. In 1845 Mr. Tincher\\nunited with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and soon afterward was\\nchosen to occupy a subordinate clerical relation to the church, which\\nrelation he maintained until his death. He was frequently called upon\\nto preach. Though without classical education or technical theological\\ntraining, he was a forcible, logical and acceptable preacher. It would\\nbe impossible for one not endowed with superior powers of mind to\\nmeet the degree of success in business, in politics and in social life that\\nattended Mr. Tincher. It is not an extravagance of language to say\\nthat he was a gifted man. The Hon. John L. Tincher died at the\\nRevere House, Springfield, Illinois, at half-past six o clock, on Sunday\\nevening, the 17th of December, 1871. His disease was pleuro-pneu-\\nmonia. During the greater part of his life he had been in delicate\\nhealth, and as tar back as. 1855 it was thought that his career would be\\nterminated by consumption. In the summer of 1869 he was attacked\\nby apoplexy, and thenceforward he complained of cerebral irregulari-\\nties, and was never without apprehensions of a return of apoplexy.\\nHis attack came upon him while sitting in the office of his bank. The\\nRev. James P. Dimmitt observed his drooping head and pallid counte-\\nnance. Upon being spoken to, Mr. Tincher said he was sick and\\nthought he would die; and then starting with a couple of friends to\\nwalk home, no carriage being convenient, he sank down after walking\\nabout a square, named Eben H. Palmer to settle his estate, and passed\\ninto unconsciousness. He recovered, however, and was restored to the\\ndegree of health above spoken of. At the time of his death Mr.\\nTincher was in Springfield attending to his duties as senator. He was\\nsurrounded in his dying hour by his wife and children Mr. C. L. Eng-\\nlish, Mr. C. B. Holloway, Mrs. J. G. English, the Rev. James Coe and\\nthe writer of these lines were also with him. On the morning follow-\\ning, Mr. Tincher s remains were brought to Danville for burial. An\\nimmense throng of two or three thousand people were at the depot,\\nshivering in the bitter winter air, waiting to catch a glimpse of the\\ncasket that contained the mortal parts of their old friend and neighbor.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "401) HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nFuneral services were conducted in Kimber Church, of which Mr.\\nTincher was a member, on the Thursday following his death. A me-\\nmorial address was read by the Hon. O. L. Davis, and a discourse was\\npreached by the Rev. George Stevens. Rev. A. L. Brooks, Rev. W..\\nN. McElro} 7 and Rev. P. Woods assisted in conducting the service.\\nPall-bearers were chosen from a list of Mr. Tincher s oldest acquaint-\\nances, namely: Dr. W. H. H. Scott, Hon. Alvan Gilbert, John W.\\nMires, Samuel Frazier and Victor Leseure. By common consent, Mr.\\nTincher was recognized as the controlling spirit of this community.\\nHe made the poor man s cause his cause; he left no one to charge him\\nwith circumvention he left no taint upon his name and memory.\\nHow populous, how vital is the grave\\nThis is creation s melancholy vault,\\nThe vol funereal, the sacl cypress gloom\\nThe land of apparitions, empty shades\\nAll, all on earth, is shadow all beyond\\nIs substance the reverse is Folly s creed\\nHow solid all, where change shall be no more\\nWe hope in God s good time to meet our dear friend in the vernal\\nfields of paradise, and to engage with him in the rapturous exercises\\nthat fancy paints as belonging to them who enter the kingdom of\\neternal rest. Farewell dear friend, brother, farewell As we march\\ndown life s uneven main, we are cheered by sweet memories that come\\nunbidden, but ever welcome, hopefully trusting that in the realms of\\nthe blest, where are no aching brains, nor weary limbs, nor congested\\nlungs, we may enjoy in perennial day the abiding friendship begun\\nbelow. Farewell, Tincher! once more, farewell!\\nW. H. Johns, Danville, grocer, is a native of Vermilion county,\\nBlount being his native township. He had the advantage of free\\nschools, and received a good education. In 1862 he entered the army\\nin the rebellion of 1861-5, enlisting first in Co. A, 71st 111. Vol.\\nInf., three-months service, under Colonel Gilbert, who was elected\\ncaptain at Springfield and made colonel at Chicago. After this term\\nof service he reenlisted, in 1864, this time in Co. K, 135th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nhundred-day service, under Colonel Wolf. The first time he was mus-\\ntered in at Camp Butler, Springfield, and the last time at Mattoon,\\nIllinois, the 135th being mustered in at that place. Previous to his\\nengaging in his present business he had been in the mercantile busi-\\nness, three years in the dry-goods and grocery trade, and five years in\\nthe lumber business. He is one of the natives of the county, who, by\\nan honorable treatment of his friends and customers, has won for him-\\nself a good name and reputation.\\nJohn Charles Black was born on the 27th of January, 1839. His", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 401\\nfather, John Black, of Pennsylvania, was born on the 19th of July,\\n1809, and was married to Josephine L. Culbertson, of the old Penn-\\nsylvania family of that name, on the 9th of September, 1834. From\\nthis marriage four children grew up, three of whom still survive. The\\nfather entered the Presbyterian ministry, and went south when twenty-\\nthree years of age, remaining there until about a year prior to his death,\\nwhich occurred on the 13th of February, 1847. The mother still sur-\\nvives, and is now the wife of Dr. Wm. Fithian, of Danville, to which\\nplace Mrs. Black removed in the spring of 1847, after the death of her\\nhusband, above referred to, taking with her her four children. Before his\\ndeath the father obtained a wide repute as a preacher of unusual power,\\neloquence and fervor, and was made a Doctor of Divinity w r hen thirty-\\nsix years of age. At the time of his death he was the pastor of the\\nFifth Presbyterian Church of Alleghany City, Pennsylvania. Since\\nher removal to Danville, in 1847, General Black s mother has been\\ncontinuously a resident of that place, and there, too, General Black has\\nresided during the greater part of this interval, so that they class among\\nthe old residents of Vermilion county. In 1858 J. C. Black entered\\nWabash College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, remaining there until he\\nabandoned the groves of the academy for the tented field, in April,\\n1861. On the very day on which Fort Sumter was attacked he enlisted\\nas a private soldier in the Montgomery Guards, of Crawfordsville,\\nwhich company was, a few days later, mustered into the three-months\\nservice as Co. I, 11th Ind. Inf. Zouaves, Colonel (afterward Major-Gen-\\neral) Lew Wallace commanding. Upon the organization of this regi-\\nment J. C. Black was made its sergeant-major, which position he occu-\\npied until the muster out of the regiment, some four months afterward.\\nImmediately thereafter he returned to Danville, and engaged in re-\\ncruiting a company for the three-years service, which was mustered in\\nas Co. K, 37th 111. Inf., Colonel (afterward Major-General) Julius White\\ncommanding. In the organization of this regiment General Black was\\nchosen and commissioned its major. From this position he fought his\\nway up, being commissioned lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and finally\\nbrigadier-general, by brevet, for gallant services on the field of battle.\\nEach commission issued to him by the state and national authorities\\nwas by them marked as for gallantry in some special engagement, or for\\nmeritorious conduct. General Black remained in the military service\\nuntil after the last battle was fought, commanding a brigade, of which\\nthe 37th Illinois, which veteranized in 1864, formed a part, and par-\\nticipated in the storming of The Blakeleys and the capture of Mo-\\nbile, as well as in the subsequent military events in Alabama and\\nTexas which formed the closing scenes of the rebellion. Then, in the\\n26", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "402 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsummer of 1865, he returned to civil life, in which he has since been\\nengaged, taking a very active and prominent part in the political affairs\\nof his district and state. On coming out of the army he studied law\\nin Chicago with the firm of Gookins and Roberts, and commenced the\\npractice of his profession in the early part of 1867 in Danville, but he\\nshortly thereafter removed to Champaign, where he resided until about\\nJune, 1874, since which time he has resumed residence in Danville,\\nwhich is now his home. As souvenirs of his service General Black\\nbears two wounds. The first was received in the battle of Pea Ridge,\\nArkansas, on the 7th of March, 1862, being a gun-shot through the\\nright arm. The second wound was received in the battle of Prairie\\nGrove, Arkansas, on the 7th of December, 1862. He has suffered in-\\ntensely, and for years, from these wounds and the surgical operations\\nnecessitated thereby, his life being several times despaired of and his\\ndeath currently reported. But a strong constitution has enabled him\\nto maintain the struggle for life, and he survives, in the full vigor of\\nintellect and with fair general health, although crippled in both arms.\\nUpon returning to civil life General Black became identified with the\\ndemocratic party, in a state and congressional district which were alike\\nstrongly republican. Twice since then has he been selected by his party\\nas its candidate for congress, and once by the democracy of the state as\\ncandidate for lieutenant-governor. While unsuccessful in these con-\\ntests, yet in them all General Black has run largely ahead of his ticket,\\nreducing the majority in his district when a candidate for congress, and\\nrunning many thousands ahead of his ticket when a candidate for lieu-\\ntenant-governor. Finally, General Black received the entire democratic\\nvote for the office of United States senator in 1878, when General\\nLogan was elected to that office. He is the senior partner in the pros-\\nperous and successful law firm of Black Blackburn. He is enjoying\\na large practice in the state and federal courts, and is paying earnest\\nattention to his business affairs.\\nR. B. Leverich, Danville, farmer, was born in Danville, Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 17th of October, 1847, and is the son of Richard\\nT. and Lydia F. (Gilbert) Leverich. Mr. Leverich was raised in Dan-\\nville he clerked in his father s store in April, 1865, he came on the farm,\\nwhere he has remained ever since engaged in farming. He married on\\nthe 24th of December, 1868, to Miss Hannah M. Silliven, who was\\nborn on the 1st of August, 1848. She is the daughter of Andrew and\\nFrances Silliven. By this marriage they have had six children, four of\\nwhom are living (Conrad R., born on the 19th of May, 1870 Richard\\nA., born on the 10th of January, 1873; Othniel G., born on the 17th\\nof September, 1874; Charles E., born on the 4th of September, 1876).", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 403\\nTwo are deceased Lydia, born on the 15th of September, 1869, died\\non the 19th of September, 1870, and Lulu, born on the 7th of March,\\n1878, and died on the 7th of May, 1878.\\nR. L. Porter, Danville, physician, is a native of Pittsburgh, Penn-\\nsylvania, and a physician of about forty years practice. He is one of\\nthe early settlers of Danville, having been a resident of the place since\\n1818. His wife is also a graduate of medicine, and while a resident\\nof Danville has sometimes done a practice of several thousand dollars\\nper year. In 1874 the Doctor and his wife went to England, his object\\nbeing to have a very difficult surgical operation performed upon him-\\nself by the celebrated Sir Henry Thompson, of London, one of the\\nfinest physicians and surgeons of Europe. The operation was per-\\nformed successfully, Sir Henry refusing any remuneration, though his\\nusual price was $500 for similar service Dr. Porter has not only\\nproven himself a success professionally, but also as a financier. Be-\\nsides his property in Danville he has a splendid farm of eight hundred\\nacres, located on sections 28, 29 and 82 of Sidell township, this county.\\nHe can very truthfully be called one of the successful men of the county.\\nC. V., Baldwin, Danville, dentist, is a native of Henry county, In-\\ndiana, his people being among the early and prominent pioneers of\\nthat county. His father was the representative of Henry county in\\n1847. In 1849 Dr. Baldwin came to Vermilion county, Illinois, with\\nhis people, he being at that time fifteen years old. He has since\\nremained a resident of the county. In 1866 he began the study of\\ndentistry. On account of ill-health for the past ten years the Doctor\\nhas spent the winters in Franklin, Louisiana. There he has established\\na fine business in his line, the people waiting patiently his return for\\nthe execution of dental work at his hands.\\nM. Ganor, Danville, dealer in lime, cement, etc. There is probably\\nnot a resident of Danville who has been more observing of the changes\\nthat have been made during his time than Mr. Ganor. He is a native\\nof Ireland, coming to the United States in 1844 with his parents. They\\nlocated on Long Island, he being at that time about four years old.\\nHere they remained about five years, and then came west, and on the\\n20th of September, 1849, arrived at the then village of Danville. They\\nmade the journey from Chicago in wagons, hiring a man to bring them\\nand their goods from that point to Danville for $15. Mr. Ganor s\\nfather, who died on the 14th of October, 1861, aged sixty-one years\\nand four months, probably did more toward clearing up the land where\\nDanville now stands than any of the old pioneers. For years he carried\\non farming on the land now known as Tinchertown. Mr. Ganor tells\\nus that he and his dogs have spent many hours of lively sport chasing", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nrabbits over what is now the eastern part of the city, and is yet known\\nas Rabbittown. He began business for himself in 1859, and is now\\nlocated corner of Main and Hazel streets, where he is carrying on quite\\nan extensive business in lime, cement, hay, oats, corn, etc., and is also\\ninterested with Mr. C. H. Giddings in the ice trade. He is a lively,\\nenergetic business man in the habit of looking out for No. 1, and\\nmanaging his own business affairs.\\nVictor Leseure, Danville, merchant, was born in France, on the\\n25th December, 1816, and is the son of Peter and Ann Leseure, both\\nnatives of France. In 1832 Mr. Leseure immigrated to America, and\\nlocated in Covington, Kentucky, where he was engaged in farming;\\nfrom thence he went to Clarke county, Indiana, and from thence he\\ncame to Illinois. He first embarked in the mercantile business in\\nGeorgetown, Vermilion county. In 1849 he came to Danville, Illinois,\\nwhere he remained for several years, when he returned to Georgetown.\\nIn 1851 he returned to Danville, which he has made his home ever\\nsince he entered the mercantile business, which he has followed princi-\\npally from that time. In 1876 he entered the hardware business.\\nMr. Leseure has held several offices of public trust. He was mayor of\\nthe city of Danville one term, and was commissioner of highways three\\nterms. He is a republican in politics. He married, in 1849, Caroline\\nB. McDonald, daughter of Alexander McDonald, one of the old pioneers\\nof Vermilion county. She died; he then married Mrs. Mary J.\\nMcDonald, nee Smith. Mr. Leseure is treasurer, secretary and super-\\nintendent of the Danville Gas-Light Company.\\nW. R. Lawrence, Danville, attorney -at-law, was born in Blooming-\\nton, Monroe county, Indiana, on the 14th of January, 1840, and is the\\nson of John Lawrence, a native of New York, who was a mechanic\\nand farmer. He moved to Indiana, and located in Bloomington,\\nMonroe county, about 1836, being among the early settlers. In 1849\\nMr. W. R. Lawrence, with his parents, moved to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and located in Georgetown, where he received his principal\\neducation at the Georgetown Seminary. In 1862 he enlisted, for three\\nyears, as private, in Co. C, 73d 111. Vol. Inf. (of which a history appears\\nin this work). He participated in a number of engagements: Perrys-\\nville, Stone River and Chickamauga, at which battle he received a\\nwound in the face. At Stone River he was captured, and taken as a\\nprisoner of war to Libby prison, but was exchanged, and rejoined his\\nregiment. Mr. Lawrence, from private, was first made sergeant, and\\nthen second lieutenant, and afterward first lieutenant. In 1864 he\\nresigned, and came home to Vermilion county. He went to Bloom-\\nington, McLean county, Illinois, where he commenced the stud} of law", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 405\\nwith Tipton Benjamin, and, in 1865, he was admitted to the bar.\\nHe commenced the practice of law at Boonesborough, Iowa, where he\\nremained until 1873, when he came to Danville, and has here been\\nengaged at his chosen profession ever since, ranking among the leading\\nlawyers of the Vermilion county bar. Mr. Lawrence s political opinions\\nare republican. He married, in 1867, Miss Josephine Frazier, daughter\\nof John Frazier, one of the old settlers of Vermilion county; by this\\nmarriage they have two children.\\nO. Leseure, Danville, physician and surgeon, is a native of Danville,\\nVermilion county, where, in 1869, he began reading medicine under\\nDr. Morse. He later studied with Dr. Lemon, and became a graduate\\nof medicine at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 1873.\\nFor a time succeeding this he was in the United States Hospital at\\nDetroit, Michigan, where he remained but a short time, and then went\\nto New York, and in 1871 became a graduate of the Bellevue Medical\\nHospital, and the same 7 ear began his practice in Danville, where he\\nhas since resided, giving his time fully and exclusively to the practice\\nof his profession. He is a member of the Homoeopathic Physicians\\nand Surgeons of the Wabash, and though he has practiced in Danville\\nbut since 1874, he has already established a name and reputation pro-\\nfessionally of which he need not be ashamed.\\nCharles Moran, Danville, groceries and provisions, is a native of\\nCounty Antrim, Ireland. Before leaving his native country he had\\nlearned the trade of a brick and stone mason, the latter being worked\\nby him the most. In September of 1850 he landed in the city of New\\nYork, where he remained a resident for nearly two years then, in\\n1852, he came to Danville, where he has since resided. On the 18th\\nof March, 1855, he married Miss Catharine O Conner, who is also a\\nnative of Ireland. Until five and a half years ago, when he engaged\\nin the grocery trade, Mr. Moran had been following his trade. There\\nis probably not a single resident of the city of Danville who has made\\nas many changes in the mechanical work of the city as himself. He\\nused to employ a large number of men, and hardly a building of any\\nimportance in the city but of what he did the stone-work. Among\\nthem may be mentioned the residence of Mr. L. T. Palmer, the Dan-\\nville Mills, the Danville high-school building, H. W. Beckwith s resi-\\ndence, and many others. His last job of stone-work was for the city,\\nbeing a curbing contract of four thousand dollars, which he executed\\nsatisfactorily. His present place of business is No. 151 East Main street.\\nHis store is 22x80, and stocked with a nice fresh line of everything\\npertaining to the grocery trade.\\nJames II. Miller, Danville, tax-collector, is one of the self-made men", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof Danville. He was born in Jefferson count} 7 Virginia, on the 20th\\nof December, 1823. His mother died when he was four years old he\\nthen resided with his grandmother until he was ten years of age, and\\nsince then has been dependent upon his own resources. In the early\\npart of his life he had but little opportunity of securing an education,\\nbut by his own efforts he became a fair scholar. In 1846 he went\\nfrom Virginia to Pickaway county, Ohio, and there remained about six\\nyears. In 1852 he came to Danville, where he has since resided. He\\nhas built two residences and one business-house. He, by energy and\\ngood financiering, has accumulated a good property. For the last\\ntwenty years he has held the office of tax-collector, except during the\\nyear 1874, when Mr. Thos. Parks held the office one term he is also\\nassessor of Danville township, the entire revenue derived from taxation\\npassing through his hands. Any man who, being left an orphan, as he\\nwas, and beginning work for himself as he did, at a salary of seventy-\\nfive cents per week, and paying his own expenses out of this, and who,\\nby an honest and legitimate business, has accumulated a good property,\\nis certainly worthy the respect of the better class of citizens of any\\ncommunity. He has not only won, but enjoys, and he is surely entitled\\nto, the confidence of the citizens of Danville.\\nColonel O. F. Harmon (deceased), the subject of this sketch, and\\nwhose portrait appears in this history, was born in the year 1827, in\\nMonroe county, New York. But little of the surroundings of his early\\nlife are known. In 1853 he came west, and shortly after began the\\npractice of law, this being his profession, subsequently becoming the\\npartner of Judge O. L. Davis, with whom he practiced for many years,\\nbeing well known as one of the leading attorneys of the county. In\\n1857 he served the people of Vermilion county as their representative\\nin the state legislature. During the war of the rebellion of 1861-5\\nlie, in August of 1862, entered the Union army as colonel of the 125th\\n111. Vol. Inf. This regiment was made up almost entirely of Vermilion\\ncounty men, a complete history of which is given in this work, written\\nby William Mann, adjutant of the regiment. Colonel Harmon was\\nmuch above the average height, being six feet three inches, and well\\nproportioned mentally, morally and physically. No better man of the\\nregiment could be found to be their commander. This regiment, with\\nColonel Harmon at its head, participated in many of the hard battles,\\namong which may be mentioned the battles of Penysville, Chicka-\\nmauga, Mission Ridge and the Atlanta campaign, during which, while\\nmaking a charge at the head of his regiment at the battle of Kenesaw\\nMountain, Georgia, on the 27th of June, 1864, he was shot and almost\\ninstantlv killed. In his death the 125th mourned the loss of a brave", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 407\\nand honest commander, a family in the far north the loss of a father\\nand husband s kind care and protection, and old neighbors and associ-\\nates the loss of a true and honest friend. Colonel Harmon was mar-\\nried in 1854 to Mrs. E. C. Hill, her maiden name being McDonald.\\nHer father was one of the early settlers of Vermilion county, and this\\nis Mrs. Harmon s native county. She still resides in Danville, one of\\nthe honored and respected ladies of the city.\\nJ. M. Sirpless, Danville, as a grocer of Danville, requires more than\\na passing notice. He is a native of this county. His parents, James\\nand Catharine (Wright) Sirpless came to the county as early as 1852,\\nentering government land at that date. The name is of Irish origin.\\nJ. M. is a printer by trade. He first began learning the trade in Homer,\\nIllinois. Previous to his engaging in the grocery trade, in March of\\n1878, he had for five years been at work in the office of the Danville\\nTimes. He has been dependent upon his own resources in the ac-\\ncumulation of property. The grocery business, when he began it in\\n1878, was entirely new to him, though he soon made himself thoroughly\\nfamiliar with the business, and has already built up a good trade, run-\\nning a free delivery wagon in connection with his business. He is still\\na young man, but by his own efforts has acquired a fair property.\\nShould he succeed financially in the future as well as he has in the\\npast he will soon have established a business of which he may well be\\nproud.\\nA. G. Webster, Danville, grocer, was born in St. Albans, Franklin\\ncounty, Vermont, in 1822. Leaving there with his people in 1836 he\\nwent to Saline, Michigan, remaining there eight years, and then re-\\nmoved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he remained also eight years, dur-\\ning which time he was employed in the capacity of clerk. From there\\nhe came to Danville in 1853, bringing with him a small stock of dry\\ngoods. Here he was engaged in the dry-goods trade for about two\\nyears, and in 1856, after having closed out his stock of dry goods, he\\nbegan in the grocery business, which he has principally been engaged\\nin since, having for the past ten years been doing business in the build-\\ning he now occupies. He is now the oldest groceryman in the city,\\nthere being none other now engaged in the business who began as\\nearly as 1856. He is a man who has always been interested in any\\nmatters pertaining to the public good, and has done his share toward\\nthe development and improvement of Danville and Vermilion county,\\nof which he has now been a resident twenty-six years.\\nC. D. Henton, Danville, physician and surgeon, has been a resident\\nof Vermilion county since 1853. He was located at Marysville until\\nMay of 1872, when he removed to Danville, where he has since resided.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHe is a native of Fountain county, Indiana. At the age of six his\\npeople took him to Hillsborough, Ohio, where the early part of his life\\nwas spent. In 1861 he became a graduate of the Rush Medical Col-\\nlege, of Chicago. After graduating he located at Marysville, and began\\nthe practice of his profession, which he has since followed. The doctor\\nis a man who has been wholly dependent upon his own resources both\\nfor his literary and medical education, having when only sixteen years\\nold taught his first term of day-school. He is now a member of the\\nVermilion County Association of Physicians and Surgeons, and a man\\nwhose standing is high in the community, both in professional and\\nprivate life.\\nCharles V. Guy, Danville, superintendent of public schools, was\\nborn in South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio, on the 28th of June,\\n1850, and is the son of Asa II. and Ruth (lams) Guy, natives of Ohio.\\nA. H. Guy was born in Ross county, Ohio, on the 16th of March,\\n1823, and is the son of Willis and Jane (Hawkins) Guy, of Virginia,,\\nthey having moved to Ohio about 1808 or 1810. When Mr. Guy was\\nyoung, his parents moved to Madison county, Ohio, where Mr. Guy\\nwas brought up on a farm. He entered the Ohio Wesleyan University,,\\nof Delaware, Ohio, and graduated in 1849. He then was engaged in\\nteaching school in Ohio, where he remained until 1853, when he came\\nto Vermilion county, Illinois, where he taught school in Georgetown,\\nand other parts of Vermilion county. In 1855 Mr. Guy was elected\\nby the republican party surveyor of Vermilion county. This office he\\nhas held off and on for the last twenty-four years. Mr. Guy, in his\\nofficial duties, has given entire satisfaction. He has laid out and sur-\\nveyed the villages of Fairmount, Catlin, Paxton (Ford county), part of\\nHoopeston, and other towns. In 1862 Mr. Guy was appointed assistant\\nrevenue assessor, which office he filled until 1865. Mr. Guy married\\nMiss Ruth lams, of Licking county, Ohio, daughter of William and\\nLydia (Foster) lams, of Pennsylvania. By this marriage they have\\nhad seven children, five living. Mr. Guy is a republican in politics,\\nand has been a member of the M. E. Church for the last thirty-eight\\nyears. Charles V. Guy, the subject of this sketch, with his parents,\\ncame to Vermilion county when he was three years old. He received\\nhis principal education at Georgetown. When sixteen years old he\\ncommenced teaching school, his first school being near Fairmount.\\nMr. Guy remained teaching school until he was nineteen years old.\\nHe then entered the State Normal School, at Normal, Illinois, where\\nhe received a good normal education. He returned to Vermilion\\ncounty and was appointed deputy clerk, which office he filled for one\\nand a-half years. In November, 1873, he was elected superintendent", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 409\\nof the county schools, to which office he was reelected in 1877, and\\nstill holds. In this office Mr. Guy has given entire satisfaction, having\\nproved himself a gentleman of acknowledged ability. Mr. Guy was\\nalso principal of the high school of Hoopeston, with his wife as assistant.\\nHe married Miss Ellen Bales, of Georgetown, Illinois, daughter of\\nElwood Bales, who was one of the early settlers. They have two chil-\\ndren. Mr. Guy is engaged in conducting a Normal Summer Institute,\\nwhich is meeting with good success.\\nJoseph G. English, Danville, president First National Bank of\\nDanville, began his career a poor boy, and has by his own effort risen\\nto an honorable position both in business and social life. He was born\\nin Ohio county, Indiana, on the 17th of December, 1820, and is the\\nson of Charles and Nancy (Wright) English. His mother was a native\\nof England and his father of Connecticut. Mr. Charles English was a\\nblacksmith by trade, and followed it for a time at the Washington navy\\nyard, but in his latter days he was engaged in keeping tavern. In 1829\\nMr. J. G. English, with his parents, moved from Ohio county, Indiana,\\nto the Wabash valley, and located at Perrysville, Vermilion county,\\nIndiana. Here his father was engaged in keeping tavern (the first\\ntavern in Perrysville), which he did until his death, which occurred in\\n1856. Mr. English is a lineal descendant of the old Mayflower stock.\\nThe subject of this sketch at nine years of age entered the district\\nschool of the period here in Perrysville. He remained until 1834,\\nfinishing and receiving a common education in a log cabin with a\\npuncheon floor. In 1834 he first embarked for himself by engaging\\nhimself as a clerk in a prominent dry-goods store in Lafayette, Indiana,\\nwhere he remained until 1839, working for his board and clothes. He\\nreturned to Perrysville and again filled the capacity of clerk until 1843.\\nIn the fall of that year he married Miss Mary Hicks, who was born in\\nPerrysville on the 13th of June, 1824, and is the daughter of George\\nand Mary (Curtis) Hicks, who had located in Perrysville in about 1820.\\nIn 1844, in connection with his father-in-law (George Hicks), Mr.\\nEnglish opened an extensive general store in Perrysville, which occu-\\npied his attention until 1852. During this time they traded very\\nextensively in produce, which they sold at the New Orleans market.\\nThey would build a flat-bottom boat on the shores of the Wabash, load\\nit with their produce, etc., and with assistance, and Mr. Joseph G.\\nEnglish acting as bow-hand, would float down to New Orleans; the\\nvoyage being long and tedious, taking them sometimes twenty-five\\ndays in making the trip. There they would sell their stock and return\\nby steamboat to Evansville, Indiana, and travel from there to Perrys-\\nville bv wagon. In this business Mr. English made some four or five", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "410 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntrips, all being very profitable. In 1853, with his wife and four chil-\\ndren, he came to Danville, where he entered the dry-goods business\\nwith John L. Tincher (whose biography and portrait appear in this\\nwork). They continued in the dry-goods business in a frame house\\non the corner of the alley on Main street, above the present bank, until\\n1856. In 1S56 they became assignee of the Stock Security Bank,\\nwhich had tailed. This bank was owned and operated by Daniel\\nClapp. They then commenced a general brokerage and banking busi-\\nness, doing business as private bankers until 1864. During this year the\\nNational Banking Act was passed and the} 7 were among the first to\\norganize a national bank in the state. The First National Bank of\\nDanville being established, Mr. English, at its first meeting, was duly\\nelected as president, which position he holds to-day. This bank was\\nowned by Messrs. English and Tincher, with the exception of three\\nthousand dollars, which was owned by William I. Moore, Benjamin\\nCrane and E. H. Palmer. Under Mr. English s management and con-\\ntrol the First National Bank has increased steadily from year to\\nyear, until now its business exceeds that of any national bank in the\\nstate outside of Chicago. Mr. English, in 1870 and 1871, was elected\\nmayor of the city of Danville. He also was alderman of his ward.\\nTo these respective offices he was elected by the temperance people of\\nDanville. In 1865 Mr. Englis h was one of six who laid out the Spring\\nHill cemetery. In 1863 he had charge of the subscription list for fill-\\ning the quota of men for the late war from Danville township. This\\nmoney was raised without tax. He is one of the original stock-owners\\nof the Danville Gas Works, of which he has been president almost ever\\nsince its organization. Mr. English s political opinions are republican.\\nHe is a member of the M. E. Church, of which church he has been a\\nmember since 1856, being superintendent of the Sabbath-school for\\na number of years. He, in 1871, was selected by the lay delegates of\\nthe Illinois Conference of the M. E. Church to represent them in their\\ngeneral conference in Brooklyn, hold in 1872. Messrs. English and\\nTincher were perhaps the largest real estate dealers in town lots and\\nplats in Danville. They bought land cheap. Where the fair grounds\\nare the} 7 paid $16 per acre. Where the junction now is they obtained for\\n$10 per acre. In 1864 the wife of Mr. English died. v By this marriage\\nthey had eight children six living. In the spring of 1865 he married his\\nsecond wife, Mrs. Maria L. Partlow, nee Casseday, who was born in Paris,\\nIllinois, on the 10th of November, 1828, and is the daughter of George\\nW. and Delilah (Murphy) Casseday, who were married in 1824. George\\nW. Casseday was born in Bedford county, Virginia, on the 1st of De-\\ncember, 1803. In 1825, with his wife, he moved to Vermilion county,\\nJ", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 411\\nIllinois, where he engaged in farming. In 1827 he went to Edgar\\ncounty, Illinois, and from there he moved to Paris, of the same county.\\nIn 1834 he returned to Vermilion county, and in 1851 went to Joliet,\\nwhere he died on the 23d of July, 1863. Thus passed away one of the\\nold and prominent settlers of Illinois, and so, one by one, they are\\npassing beyond the shores of the unknown river, and in a few years\\nnot one will be left of the noble band of pioneers who made their\\nhomes in what was then a wilderness, inhabited by red men. How-\\never, their descendants, and those who come after them, will live to\\nenjoy the full measure of happiness and prosperity built upon the solid\\nfoundations laid by the old settlers.\\nF. C. Hacker Bro., Danville, dry goods and groceries. In 1873\\nthe above named gentlemen opened therr present business, and since\\nthen no men have been more uniformly successful than they. In the\\nfirst place they rank among the shrewdest and hardest working citizens\\nof Danville, while their complete knowledge of the business in whjch\\nthey are engaged, and their geniality to customers and all with whom\\nthey come in contact, give them many advantages of which all business\\nmen have not possession. These gentlemen were both born in Prussia.\\nThey emigrated to America with their parents, John and Dorthy (Lev-\\nerence) Hacker, and came west to Illinois, locating in Chicago in 1852.\\nIn 1853 they came to Vermilion county, in which place they have\\nmade their home ever since. F. C. Hacker was for a short time en-\\ngaged in farming, and from that was engaged in the woolen mills .of\\nDanville. He was also for a number of years clerking in Charles\\nPalmer s store. In this way he saved enough money to embark in the\\nmercantile business in 1872. Then, in 1873, he took in as a partner his\\nbrother, C. F. W. Hacker, which forms the well known firm of F. C.\\nHacker Bro. Mr. C. F. W. Hacker was engaged for a number of\\nyears working for Peter Beyer, in the boot and shoe business. These\\ngentlemen own one of the leading dry goods and grocery houses of\\nDanville; the size of grocery store is 20x75 and the dry goods 22x85.\\nThey have eight or nine clerks, and are doing a good business.\\nPeter Beyer, Danville, boot and shoe dealer, is one of the old set-\\ntlers of this county. He is a native of Germany, and at the age of\\neighteen years came to the United States, and located first at Rochester,\\nNew York, where he learned the trade of manufacturing boots and\\nshoes. In 1854 he came west and expected to buy land or engage in the\\nmercantile business, hut unfortunately for him the bank where he had his\\nmoney on deposit, like the majority of other banks of that time, failed, and\\nhe was obliged to begin at the beginning once more, which he did by\\ngoing back to the cobbler s bench. From this humble beginning, in", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "412 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1854, Mr. Beyer has accumulated his fine property. His store is\\nlocated at No. 73 West Main street, and is thirty feet front by one\\nhundred deep, stocked with everything pertaining to a full and well\\nselected stock of boots and shoes. The basement, which is the same\\nsize, has been remodeled and stocked with a fine line of fresh groceries.\\nIn this later enterprise he engaged in the spring of 1879. Thus far\\nit has proved a success, and is only in keeping with his other move-\\nments, which are those of a first-class financier.\\nJohn McMahan, Danville, police-justice, was born in Harrison\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 18th of November, 1822. In 1833 he went to\\nClermont count} 7 where he remained until 1840. He has been de-\\npendent upon his own resources since the age of fourteen. He began\\nlearning the trade of a blacksmith in Clermont county, and in 1840\\nwent to Cincinnati, where he completed his trade and followed it\\nmany years as a business. In 1854 he came to Danville, and began\\nbusiness for himself by opening a blacksmith-shop and following his\\ntrade until about 1870. In lb69 he was elected mayor of the city r\\nand in 1872 he was elected justice of the peace and police-magistrate,\\nboth of which offices he has held since. He is one of the honorable\\nand well-respected citizens of the city. Whatever he may have accom-\\nplished during life has been the result of his own enterprise, as during\\nhis early life he had no opportunities for schooling, there being nothing\\nbut the old subscription system, and the old log school-houses with\\npuncheon floors and seats and greased paper for windows. With these\\nfew r remarks we close our sketch in regard to the man known so well\\nto the citizens as Squire McMahan.\\nJames T. Amis, Danville, tile manufacturer and farmer, was born\\nin Hardin county, Kentucky, on the 18th of June, 1831, and his par-\\nents are Wilburn and Frances (Davis) Amis, both natives of Tennessee.\\nHis father was a farmer. Mr. Amis, with his parents, moved to Ver-\\nmilion county, Indiana, when he was about two years of age, and here\\nremained on the farm until 1854, when he moved to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and located near Pilot Grove, there working by the month on\\na farm. In 1869 he came to Danville township, which has been his\\nhome ever since. In 1877 Mr. Amis commenced the manufacture of\\ntile on his place, putting up a first-class factory with great facilities for\\nmanufacturing a large amount of tile, and having a capacity for manu-\\nfacturing from ten to twelve thousand per day. He manufactures all\\nthe sizes needed by the farmer 24-, 3, 34, 4, 5, 6. Mr. Amis owns\\ntwo hundred and twelve acres of land. He was married in Vermilion\\ncounty in 1855 to Nancy Hessey, of Nelson county, Kentucky. By\\nthis union they have had ten children, four of whom are living. Mr.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 413\\nAmis has held several offices of public trust in his township; that of\\nschool-treasurer, trustee and road-overseer, and in these offices he has\\ngiven entire satisfaction. He is a democrat in politics, and a member\\nof the United Brethren Church. His father died in Iowa and his\\nmother in Indiana.\\nJohn Kilborn, Danville, farmer, was born in Hamilton county,\\nOhio, on the 17th of April, 1817, and is the son of Joseph and Rebecca\\n(Howe) Kilborn, both natives of Virginia. His father was a comb\\nmaker by trade, but principally followed farming. Both parents died\\nwhen Mr. Kilborn was very young. He set out in the world and com-\\nmenced farming in the summer time and in the winters attended the\\ndistrict schools of the period. When about nineteen years old he com-\\nmenced teaching school, and taught until he was twent} -two. He\\nthen entered the mercantile business at Venice, Ohio, which he fol-\\nlowed some eight years. In 1850 he was chosen and elected by the\\ndemocratic party as representative of Butler and Warren counties,\\nOhio. He was reelected to the same office in 1852, which he held un-\\ntil 1854. He was a member of several very important committees;\\nhe was a member of the committee on militia, and chairman of the\\ncommittee on canals. This office Mr. Kilborn filled with honor and\\ncredit, having proven himself a gentleman of acknowledged ability.\\nIn 1854 he came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and located in Danville.\\nHere he was engaged in land speculation. He built and improved the\\nbrick residence, east of Danville, now owned by R. Hooton. In 1862\\nMr. Kilborn moved on the present farm on which he has been ever since\\nhe commenced to farm. He has on his place a steam saw-mill. Mr.\\nKilborn was married in Ohio in 1841 to Miss Susan M. Lutes, who was\\nborn near the birthplace of Mr. Kilborn. They have had nine chil-\\ndren, six of whom are living.\\nGeorge F. Tincher, Danville, attorn ey-at-1 aw, was born in Danville,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 14th of June, 1854, and is the son\\nof John L. and Caroline R. Tincher. Mr. Tincher received his princi-\\npal education at the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois;\\nhe also attended the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, Michigan,\\nand was admitted to practice law at the Illinois bar in 1875. No\\nyoung attorney at the Vermilion county bar stands higher in the esti-\\nmation of his colleagues than Geo. F. Tincher. In 1879 Mr. Tincher\\nwas elected city attorney, which office he is filling with entire satisfac-\\ntion.\\nEphraim Burroughs, Danville, blacksmith, is a native of Marion\\ncounty, Ohio. He was born on the 4th of January, 1815, and when\\nbut a child his people removed to Dearborn county, Indiana. Here", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "414 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe early part of his life was spent, having but few opportunities for\\ngaining an education. At the age of eighteen years he went to the\\ncity of Cincinnati, Ohio, and began an apprenticeship of three years\\nwith Mr. C. Cassatt at the trade of manufacturing edged tools. He\\nremained in Cincinnati for about fourteen years, and then went south\\nfor a 3 ear or so. Returning to Indiana he married Miss Emeline Ran-\\ndall, a native of Trumbull county, Ohio. They had one son in the\\narmy in the war of 1861-65. Mr. B. came to Vermilion county first\\nin the spring of 1855, and located in the city of Danville in 1861.\\nSince his residence here he has been engaged in the blacksmithing\\nbusiness, which he learned very readily after having learned and\\nworked at the trade of manufacturing edged tools. Mr. Burroughs\\npeople are of Scotch origin. He is one of the early settlers of Vermil-\\nion county, and has witnessed many of the changes from a new region\\nto a well-improved country.\\nCharles L. English, Danville, timber merchant, of the firm of Dick-\\nason English, is a native of Vermilion county, Indiana. He was\\nborn in 1847, and at the age of eight years came with his people to\\nVermilion county, Illinois. Erom this time until the age of twenty he\\nwas kept at school, receiving a very liberal education. For about six\\nyears after leaving school he was employed in the First National Bank\\nof Danville, of which his father is president, and in 1872 began, in\\ncompany with Mr. L. T. Dickason, the grain trade. This they are still\\nengaged in, though not so extensively as formerly, their business being\\nnow principally the timber trade, in which they have become quite\\nextensively engaged, giving employment to from three to five hundred\\nmen. Their business now extends over several different states. The\\nfirm of Dickason English has become well and favorably known, not\\nonly in Vermilion county, where during the winter they are engaged\\nextensively in mining coal, but among prominent railroad men outside\\nof the State of Illinois.\\nPeter Walsh, attorney-at-law, Danville, was born in 1845 in New\\nYork city, and is the son of John and Mary (Warren) Walsh, -who were\\nnatives of Ireland. Mr. Walsh in 1855 came west to Illinois, and\\nlocated in Danville, which place he has made his home ever since. In\\n1861 he enlisted in the Union army, and served for three years in Co. K,\\n37th 111. Vol. Inf., and participated in some of the most prominent bat-\\ntles during the war Pea Ridge, Perry Grove, etc. He did good service,\\nand was honorably mustered out. At the close of his war experience he\\nreturned to Danville, and commenced the study of law. He attended\\nthe law school at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and in 1867 was admitted to\\npractice law at the Illinois state bar. Mr. Walsh, when studying for", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 415\\nthe bar, was under the instruction of Mark Hawes, who is now a prom-\\ninent preacher. Mr. Walsh has held several offices of public trust\\ncity attorney for the city of Danville for five terms, and state s attorney\\nfor one term. In these offices he has given entire satisfaction, having\\nproven himself a gentleman of acknowledged ability, whose duties have\\nbeen performed in a faithful manner. Mr. Walsh s political opinions\\nare republican.\\nSpencer N. Monroe, Danville, jeweler, is one of the oldest merchants\\nof Danville. He was born in Vernon, Oneida county, New York, in\\nSeptember, 1820, and is the son of William and Elmira (Willard)\\nMonroe, natives of Virginia. His father was a glass manufacturer.\\nMr. Monroe remained at his native home until he was eighteen years\\nold. He then went to Syracuse, New York, and commenced to learn\\nthe jewelry trade. In 1853 he came west to Indiana and worked at his\\ntrade in Attica and Oxford until 1855, when he came to Danville and\\nopened a jewelry store in a small frame house on the corner where\\nShort s block now stands. From there he moved to a frame building\\non the ground where he is now located, 67 Main street. Here he has\\nremained ever since, with the exception of a short time when he occu-\\npied a room across the street until the old frame building was torn\\ndown and the present building erected. Mr. Monroe is to-day the\\nowner of one of the leading jewelry stores of this part of Illinois. He\\nemploys two men. In 1861 he married Miss Matilda Boyce, of Ohio,\\nshe having made her home in Danville about the same time Mr. Mon-\\nroe did. They have two children. Mr. Monroe has represented with\\ncredit the city of Danville for two terms as alderman of the third\\nward.\\nWilliam Craig, Danville, livery, was born in Montgomery county,\\nIndiana, in 1848, and is the son of Samuel G. and Catharine A.\\n(McCrea) Craig, whose history appears in this work. Mr. Craig, our\\nsubject, was raised in Danville. His first business in life was clerking\\nfor his father in a dry-goods and shoe store. In 1875 he entered the\\nlivery business with Wm. and Jacob Kuykendall, and formed the firm\\nof Kuykendall Bros. Craig, which is the leading livery firm in Dan-\\nville. These gentlemen own two first-class stables, one located in the\\nrear of the ^Etna House, on North street, and the other on Hazel, be-\\ntween North and Main streets.\\nJoseph Bauer, Danville, miller, was born in Baden, Germany, on\\nthe 2d of February, 1831. The early part of his life was spent in his\\nnative land. In 1854 he came to the United States, though not before\\nhe had received a good education and had learned the trade of a miller.\\nHe first spent a couple of years in the eastern states, and in 1856 came", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "416 HISTOKY OF VEEMILION COUNTY.\\nto Danville. Upon his arrival here he helped to organize the German\\nM. E. Church, of which he has since been one of the leading members.\\nA more complete history of this church is given elsewhere. Mr. Bauer\\nis something of a genius, having mastered the different trades of milling,\\ncarpentering, cabinet making and engineering, though milling has been\\nhis principal business, having followed this for about twenty-four years.\\nAt present we find him filling the capacity of head miller in the City\\nMills. He is well known in Danville as a steady, sober and upright\\ncitizen.\\nWilliam Morgan, Danville, justice of the peace and insurance agent,\\nis one of the old settlers of this county. He is a native of Jefferson\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0county, Virginia, where the early part of his life was spent. He had\\nbut few advantages in the way of schooling, there being nothing but\\nthe old subscription system, schools being so few and far apart that he,\\nat the age of seven years, was obliged to -walk four miles in his daily\\nattendance. At the age of twenty-three he was called upon to take\\ncharge of the farm by the death of his father. This he did until 1856,\\nwhen he came to Vermilion county, where he has since resided. Dur-\\ning his first summer he followed teaming, and in the winter did some-\\nthing of a coal business. In the spring of 1858 he was elected constable\\nand deputy county sheriff. He also held the office of deputy collector\\nof revenue under W. T. Cunningham, his territory or district being\\nIroquois, Ford and Vermilion counties. After this he again farmed\\nfor three years, and then took the post-office under Andrew Johnson s\\nadministration for two years and a half. Following this he was in the\\ninsurance and mercantile trade until 1877, when he was elected justice.\\nIn connection with his official duties he does quite an extensive insur-\\nance business. He is well known to the citizens of Danville as a man\\nwhose word is as good as his bond.\\nJ. E. Tuttle, Danville, physician, was born in Fountain county,\\nIndiana, in 1841. In 1856 he became a resident of Vermilion county,\\nlocating at Marysville. He there began the study of medicine with\\nDr. C. D. Henton in 1862, and in 1865 became a graduate of the Kush\\nMedical College, of Chicago. After graduating he returned to Ver-\\nmilion county, and continued his practice at Blue Grass, where he had\\ndone some practice before graduating. He remained there until 1869.\\nHe then went to Marysville, and there was engaged in practice until\\n1874. At this date he removed to Danville, where he has become\\nfirmly established and is already known as one of the thoroughly reli-\\nable M.D. s of the city.\\nH. M. Kimball, Danville, grocer, may be classed among the old\\nsettlers of Danville. He is a native of ISTew Hampshire, spending the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2TJ^-t\\nOEC o.\\nAN VIlLE.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 417\\nearly part of his life and receiving his education in that state. He\\ncame to Danville in 1856, after having spent some time in contracting\\nand doing stone-work on some of the different railroads which at that\\ndate were being constructed throughout the middle states. Among\\nother jobs under his supervision was the stone piers and abutment* of\\nthe Wabash railroad bridge across the Vermilion river at Danville.\\nHe also started the first marble works at Danville, lie has never\\nsought public offices, though he held the office of supervisor of Danville\\ntownship in 1872. He has now been engaged in the grocery trade\\nabout twelve years. During this time he has some years done a busi-\\nness of $40,000 per year. He is now located on North Vermilion\\nstreet, where he is doing a fair business, giving employment to two\\nmen.\\nJ. H. Palmer, Danville, was born in Queen s county, New York.\\nHis parents are Samuel and Elizabeth (Hyde) Palmer. His father\\nwas a farmer. Mr. Palmer was partially brought up on the farm.\\nIn 1856 he came west to Illinois and located in Danville, Ver-\\nmilion county, which has been his home ever since. In 1862 he\\nenlisted for three years in the 37th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. K., as a private,\\nand was on detached duty with the General Department of the Gulf.\\nHe served full time and was honorably mustered out in 1865. When\\nhe returned to Danville he commenced farming. He was in Short s\\nbank for a time, and from that he entered the dry-goods trade. In\\n1877 the firm of J. H. Palmer Co. was formed, which continued\\nuntil May of 1879, when he sold his interest to the coal company.\\nSince then Mr. Palmer has been engaged with the company.\\nXaver Miller, Danville, was born in Germany on the 25th of No-\\nvember, 1838. In September, 1856, he emigrated to America, and\\nlanded in New York city. He then came direct to Illinois, and located\\nin Danville, where he has been a resident since with the exception of\\ntwo years. While here in Danville Mr. Miller was in the hotel busi-\\nness, and afterward started a sample and billiard room. This he has\\nnow. Mr. Miller came to America a poor man, but, with hard labor\\nand good management, he has been quite successful in life, and ranks\\namong Danville s prominent Germans. He was married in Danville\\nto Abelina Uhlein, of Baden, Germany, by whom they have seven\\nchildren.\\nJohn Beard, Danville, grocer, corner of South and College streets,\\nis a native of Brooklyn, New York, though he has been a resident of\\nDanville twenty-two years, being but a child when he was brought to\\nthis place. For the last eight years he has been engaged in the gro-\\ncery trade on his own account. He is a much larger dealer than at\\n27", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "418 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfirst might be supposed, his trade reaching about $25,000 per year.\\nIn connection with groceries he handles a line of queensware and\\ntinware. He gives employment to two men. His store is twenty\\nfeet front by fifty feet deep. By good financiering and careful man-\\nagement he has established a good trade and permanent business.\\nJoseph McClure, Danville, miller, was born in Augusta county, Vir-\\nginia, on the 23d of January, 1819, and at ten years of age came to Greene\\ncounty, Ohio, where he served an apprenticeship as a miller, which\\ntrade he completed at twenty-one years of age. In 1857 he came\\nwest and located in Danville, Illinois, where he has been one of the\\nforemost m his trade. He ground the first grist in Henderson\\nKyger s mill. He has been engaged with the firm now known as M.\\nM. Wright for fifteen years as manager. He has been twice married.\\nThe name of his present wife was Margaret Sanders, a native of Vir-\\nginia. He has a family of five children by his former wife, Elizabeth\\nCharles: Walter, Lether, Albert, Harvey and Mary.\\nA. C. Daniel, Danville, coal operator, whose portrait appears in this\\nhistory, was born in Roxbury, Delaware county, New York, in 1835.\\nDuring his early life he had but little opportunity of attending school,\\nbut, being of that peculiar class of men who do not seem to be de-\\npendent upon anybody except themselves, he helped himself to a\\ngood business education. In 1857 he came to Danville, arriving at the\\nplace in the spring. His whole stock and store at that time was\\nan ordinary suit of clothes and $2.50 in money. Beginning work in\\nthe mines, at whatever they had for him to do, he gradually worked\\nhis way up, until now he is the principal stockholder in the Ellsworth\\nCoal Company, and its general manager. As general manager of this\\ncompany he has done more to develop the mining resources of Ver-\\nmilion county than any of the operators who, from time to time,\\nhave been interested in this line of business. We do not design giv-\\ning a history of the mines here, as a more complete sketch will\\nbe found elsewhere in this work. Mr. Daniel is a man who has not\\nthus far become mixed up in political affairs or public wranglings,\\nfurther than to help forward any enterprise for the improvement of the\\ncity or the public good generally. He has provided himself with an\\nelegant home on West North street, and is satisfied in attending to his\\nown business. By his own exertions he has changed his position and\\nstation in life from a poor boy s to that of one of the wealthy, influen-\\ntial and prominent citizens of the community. On the 3d of January,\\n1865, he was married to Miss Jane C. Palmer, daughter of L. T.\\nPalmer, one of the early and prominent pioneers of Vermilion county.\\nThey have one daughter, Gertrude, who was born in 1865.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 419\\nRaymond W. Hanford, Danville, judge of the Vermilion county\\ncourt, was born in Middlebury, Summit county, Ohio, on the 24th of\\nJune, 1829, and is the son of John and Sarah E. (Noble) Hanford.\\nHis father was born in Vermont on the 16th of April, 1792; he was a\\nhatter by trade, but followed farming for the last twenty years of his\\nlife. Judge Hanford left home when he was about fifteen years old to\\nlearn the printer s trade; he entered a printing-office in Portage\\ncounty, Ohio, where he remained until he learned his trade as a\\nprinter. By working at his trade he managed to save money and\\nschool himself, his father not being a man of means. He entered Ken-\\nyon College at Gam bier, Ohio, where he graduated in 1855. He re-\\nturned to his trade, and was afterward editor of the Ashtabula Tele-\\ngraph, of Ashtabula, Ohio, and the Vermilion County Press, of\\nthis county. In 1857 he arrived in Danville very poor. Here he fin-\\nished his legal studies under John M. Lesley, and was duly admitted\\nto the bar in 1859. In 1861 he entered the United States service (12th\\n111. Vol. Inf., Co. C) in response to the first call of the government for\\ntroops for a term of three months. At the expiration of his term he\\nimmediately reenlisted for three years in the 4th 111. Cav., Co. F, and\\nwas elected second, and in a short time afterward first, lieutenant of\\nhis company. He was, on the organization of his regiment, detailed\\nas quartermaster of the second battalion. In 1862 he was detailed as\\nregimental quartermaster, and in December of the same year he was\\nagain detailed as post-quartermaster at Trenton, Tennessee, serving\\nafterward in same capacity at Benton Barracks, St. Louis. He after-\\nward returned with his regiment, and continued with it till the expi-\\nration of his term of enlistment. Judge Hanford was captured by\\nGeneral Forrest at Trenton, Tennessee, and was immediately paroled.\\nIn 1864 he returned to Danville and commenced the practice of law\\nwith II. W. Beckwith, which continued as a law-firm until the 1st of\\nDecember, 1868. In 1868 he was elected to the office of county judge,\\nfilling the unexpired term caused by the resignation of Daniel Clapp\\nhe was reelected in 1869, and again in 1873 and 1877. Judge Han-\\nford was married on the 5th of November, 1866, to Miss Henrietta M.\\nPrince, by whom they had two children, one living: Henrietta N.\\nMr. Hanford is a republican in politics, and a member of the Episcopal\\nChurch.\\nJames H. Wells, Danville, was born near Indianapolis, Indiana, on\\nthe 28th of March, 1836, and is the son of Robert and Emily Wells, of\\nNicholas county, Kentucky. Mr. Wells was raised on the farm until\\nhe was about fourteen years of age; he then went to Indianapolis and\\ncommenced to learn the trade of a harness-maker, which business he", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "420 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhas followed principally ever since. From Indianapolis Mr. Wells\\nwent to Kokomo, Indiana, and in 1857 he came to Illinois and located\\nin Danville, Vermilion county. From Danville he went to Indianola,\\nVermilion county, where he remained about ten years. While a resi-\\ndent of Indianola Mr. Wells enlisted in Co. E, 150th 111. Vol. Inf., on\\nthe 14th of February, 1865, as first lieutenant. The 150th was organ-\\nized at Camp Butler on the 14th of February, 1865, for one year s\\nservice. A full sketch of the movements of this regiment appears in\\nthe War History of this volume. Mr. Wells resigned and came home\\nin July, 1865. In 1875 he returned to Danville and was engaged as\\ntraveling salesman for D. K. Woodbury in the harness business for one\\nyear. He then went to Marysville, Vermilion county, and remained\\nthere until August, 1878, when he came back to Danville and entered\\nMessrs. Good Cowan s saddlery and harness establishment. Mr.\\nWells held the office of township clerk in Carroll township of this\\ncounty. He was married in Peru, Indiana, to Miss Rebecca E. Kimble.\\nThey have had seven children, of whom two are deceased.\\nWilliam Mann, Danville, dry goods, was born in Somerville, Som-\\nerset county, New Jersey, on the 3d of February, 1836, and is the son\\nof John M. and Eliza (Bonnell) Mann. His mother was a native of\\nNew Jersey, and his father a very prominent attorney of Pennsylvania.\\nWhen Mr. Mann was only fourteen years old he entered a leading dry-\\ngoods house in Somerville as clerk. From there he went to Philadel-\\nphia and entered a prominent wholesale house, and from thence came\\nwest to Illinois and located in Danville. In 1861 he entered the ser-\\nvice and participated in the late war. He enlisted in the 12th 111. Vol.\\nInf., Co. C, as first lieutenant for three months. After serving his\\ntime out he reenlisted in the 125th 111. Vol. Inf., and w r as made adju-\\ntant of the regiment. Here he served until the close of the w r ar, when\\nhe returned to Danville and embarked in the dry -goods business, and\\nto-day ranks as one of the leading dry-goods merchants of Danville.\\nMr. Mann married Miss Kate E. Harmon, daughter of S}dvester Har-\\nmon they are the parents of two children, one boy and one girl.\\nLeonard Myers, Danville, city-marshal. It is something quite com-\\nmon to meet old citizens who have held an office for several terms, but\\nwe do not remember having met any who have held one office, and so\\ndifficult a one through which the people may be pleased, so long as Mr.\\nLeonard Myers, who, for nine years, has been marshal of the city of\\nDanville, having been elected to the office eight different times and\\nappointed once. He is a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.\\nThe early portion of his life was spent in his native county and Fair-\\nfield county, Ohio. In 1858 he came to Vermilion county, and began", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 421\\nfarming and dealing in stock. This he followed for about five years,\\nwhen he moved to Danville and began the butchering business, and\\nat the same time bought and shipped stock, horses being his principal\\nline of stock-trade, of which he bought and shipped many a car-load to\\nthe east. He is one of the old residents of Danville and Vermilion\\ncounty, and as an officer has probably traveled more miles, made more\\narrests, and sent more criminals to the penitentiary, than any officer\\nof the law in eastern Illinois. He also has the supervision of the\\npolice department, and has been an officer so long that he seems to be\\nrecognized as authority in almost any of the city offices and under any\\ncircumstances.\\nJoseph Shipner, Danville, grocer, of the firm of J. Shipner Son,\\ngrocerymen, No. 67 North Vermilion street, is a native of Prussia, Ger-\\nmany. He came to the United States in 1846, and for a number of\\nyears was located in Detroit, Michigan. He afterward came to Chicago,\\nwhere he remained a short time, and in 1858 came to Danville. He is\\none of the old soldiers of the rebellion of 1861-5, having first enlisted\\nin Co. C, 12th 111. Vol. Inf., three-months service. At the expiration\\nof this term of service he again enlisted in the same company and in\\nthe same regiment, three-years service. After this service he again\\nenlisted, this time also in the same company. He served a longer time\\nand saw more hard fighting than the average soldier. Among some\\nof the hard battles in which he was engaged are the following the\\nsieges of Fort Henry, Donelson and Corinth, the battle of Shiloh and\\nthe Atlanta campaign, which was a succession of hard-fought battles.\\nReturning from the war, he again became a resident of Danville, and\\nfor eleven years was superintendent in the mills of Samuel Bowel s.\\nHe, in company with his son, as above stated, is now engaged in the\\ngrocery trade, in which they have already established a good trade, in\\nconnection with which the} T run a free delivery wagon.\\nA. H. Van Allen, Danville, car inspector of the Wabash Railroad.\\nWhen speaking of the railroad men of Danville we wish to make a\\npersonal mention of Mr. A. H. Van Allen, who is a native of Paterson\\ncounty, New Jersey. When he first left Paterson county he went to\\nNew York, and from there to Ontario county, New York. He re-\\nmained there about eighteen years. In the spring of 1 858 he came\\nwest and located at State Line, where for about three years he was\\nengaged at the carpenter s trade. He then began work for the then\\nGreat Western Railroad Company, but what is now known as the\\nWabash road. In 1865 he came to Danville, still acting in the same\\ncapacity, that is, car inspector for the Wabash Railroad Company at\\nthis point. He has usually about three men in his department subject", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "422 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nto his instructions. They have in all about four hundred cars on an\\naverage to inspect daily. Mr. Van Allen has been at this business so\\nlong that it is common for new men that he employs to come to the\\nconclusion that he can smell a flaw or break in the mechanism of a car\\nif by chance he should happen not to see it. He is a man possessing\\nthe confidence of both the company and the citizens of Danville, and\\nhas done his share of improving by providing himself with a good\\nhome on South Vermilion street.\\nCarl Leverenz, Danville, No. 69 Vermilion street, dealer in and\\nmanufacturer of boots and shoes, is a native of Prussia, Germany. He\\nis now a man fifty-one years old. He came to Danville twenty-one\\nyears ago, after having spent a short time in Toledo, Ohio, when he\\nfirst came from the old country. He has been a man of energy and\\nhard work. For many years he had nothing to depend upon except\\nthe earnings of his day labor; but by this he finally earned and saved\\nenough to engage in the boot and shoe trade fourteen years ago.\\nThis he has followed quietly, doing a strictly cash business, until now\\nhe has a nice trade established, doing a business of about $8,000 per\\nyear. This has been the result of his own efforts, energy and industry.\\nThere are probably few people in Danville or vicinity who are not\\nacquainted with T. H. Myers, the express agent. He is a native of\\nJefferson county, Virginia, but left that county when fourteen years\\nold, and in 1858 came to Danville. During his early life he had the\\nadvantages of none but the old subscription system of schools. When\\nhe came to Danville he opened a grocery store, and has been engaged\\nin this business since in connection with his business as express agent.\\nHe has now been agent for the United States Express Company for\\ntwenty years, and for the American Express Company two years.\\nUnder his management the people have all the advantages that can\\npossibly be given them by this method of transportation. His ex-\\npress business in Danville requires the employing of five men; two\\nwagons are also kept busy. This, in connection with his grocery busi-\\nness, does not leave much idle time on his hands. We may also men-\\ntion that recently he has taken a partner in the grocery business, the\\nfirm now being Myers Hessey. Their business house is located at\\nNo. 68 Main street, and is 20 feet front by 80 feet deep, with base-\\nment. This is stocked with everything pertaining to the grocery\\nline.\\nFred Buy, Danville, grocer, of the firm of E. B. Martin Co., is a\\nnative of Prussia. He came to the United States in 1857 with his\\nparents, they locating in York state, where he was for about one year.\\nHe then came to Danville. For five years he was engaged at work in", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 423\\nthe Danville woolen factory. He then began clerking in a dry-goods\\nstore, where he remained about one year, and then began as a grocery\\nclerk. He is now junior partner in a firm that does a business of about\\n$30,000 per annum. During the war of 1861-5 he entered the Union\\narmy, enlisting in 135th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. K, a history of which regi-\\nment is found in this work. This was the hundred-day service in which\\nhe enlisted. After serving his time he again enlisted this time in the\\n149th regiment, under Colonel Kefner. His wife, who is also a native\\nof Germany, was a Miss Mary Stuebe previous to their marriage. They\\nhave a family of four children three boys and one girl. Mr. Buy is a\\nman who has been dependent upon his own resources, and by energy\\nand industry has accumulated a nice property, and is now one of the\\nhonorable business men of the city.-\\nDr. A. II. Kimbrough, Danville, physician and surgeon, one of the\\nsuccessful men of Vermilion county, is a native of Hardin county,\\nKentucky. He was born in 1822, and at the age of three years came\\nto Illinois with his people, locating in Edgar county, about nine miles\\nsoutheast of the city of Paris. They were among the early pioneers\\nof that county, it having been organized but a few years previous to\\ntheir coming. Here the Doctor spent his early life, and in 1854 began\\nthe study of medicine with Dr. Ten Brook, of Paris. In 1857 he became\\na graduate of the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia. He has\\nsince that period given his time and attention almost exclusively to his\\nprofession. In 1858 he located at Georgetown, Vermilion county, where\\nhe remained until 1873, when he removed to Danville. The Doctor is\\na man who has not only made a success of life professionally, but also\\nfinancially. He is one of the old residents of the county, having long\\nago established a name and reputation of which any man might justly\\nfeel proud.\\nE. P. E. Kimbrough, Danville, attorney-at-law, was born in Stratton\\ntownship, Edgar county, on the 28th of March, 1851, and is the son of\\nDr. Andrew H. Kimbrough, whose biography appears in this work.\\nIn 1858 Mr. Kimbrough moved with his parents to Vermilion county,\\nand located in Georgetown, where Mr. Kimbrough received a common-\\nschool education. He entered the Normal University, of Illinois, and\\ngraduated from this school in the class of 1873. From there he\\nentered school in Chicago. In 1873 Mr. Kimbrough commenced the\\nreading of law with Judge Elias S. Terry. Then he commenced the\\npractice of lav/ with Win. D. Lindsey, Esq. Messrs. Lindsey and Kim-\\nbrough rank among the prominent attorneys of the Vermilion county\\nbar. Mr. Kimbrough was married on the 14th of September, 1876, to\\nMiss Julia Tincher, of Danville, Illinois, daughter of the Hon. John", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "4_ 4 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nL. Tincher, whose portrait and biography appear in this history. By\\nthis union they have one child, a son.\\nWin. E. Fithian, Danville, was born in Vermilion county, Illinois,\\non the 20th of July, 1858, and is the son of George and Edwilda An-\\nderson (Cromwell) Fithian. The subject of this sketch received a\\ncommon-school education at the Danville public schools. He in 1877\\nentered the Mayhew Business College, of Detroit, Michigan, from which\\nhe graduated. In 1878 he returned to Danville, and entered the ^Etna\\nHouse office as bookkeeper, and by his accommodating ways won\\na host of friends, and was considered by the traveling public to have\\nbeen the right man in the right place.\\nGeorge Rust, Danville, was born in the city of Hanover, Germany,\\non the 22d of January, 1827; came to America on the 16th of Septem-\\nber, 1858; landed in New York; came west and located in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, near Rossville. He came here poor; was engaged in\\nworking on a farm for six years. In 1864 he entered the saw-mill\\nbusiness, and followed this some six years. This business was very\\nprofitable to Mr. Rust. In 1872 he married Louisa Blankenburg, of\\nGermany. They have two children, one boy and one girl. Mr. Rust\\nhas held several offices of public trust. He was commissioner of high-\\nways for three years, and trustee of Germantown from its organization\\nuntil 1879. In these offices he acquitted himself in a very creditable\\nand efficient manner. Mr. Rust ranks as one of the leading German\\ncitizens of Danville township.\\nJoseph E. Tincher, Danville, dealer in hats and caps, was born in\\nDanville, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 1st of April, 1858, and is\\nthe son of John L. and Caroline R. Tincher. Mr. Joe Tincher com-\\nmenced in the business of hats and caps in 1878. This house has the\\nlargest and most complete stock in the city. Since Mr. Tincher s com-\\nmencement in business he has exhibited unusual energy and enterprise,\\nand from time to time has increased his trade until now he has one of\\nthe finest trades in Danville. His store is located on Main street.\\nH. Rainier, the oldest merchant tailor in Danville, was born in Miff-\\nlin county, Penns3dvania, in 1833. When fourteen years of age he\\nlearned the trade of a merchant tailor in Lewistown, Pennsylvania,\\nand served his apprenticeship until he w T as twenty-one. In 1856 he\\ncame west and located in Logansport, Indiana, where he remained but\\na short time, when he returned east, and then went to La Fayette,\\nIndiana. He was at Attica for a short time, and from there he came to\\nDanville in 1858 and commenced to work at his trade, which business\\nhe has been engaged in ever since, and to-day is recognized as one of the\\nleading merchant tailors of this vicinity. He employs some eight hands.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 425\\n1ST. A. Kimball, undertaker, No. 59 West Main street, Danville, is a\\nnative of Grafton county, New Hampshire. There the early part of\\nhis life was spent and his education received. In 1858, when he was\\nnineteen years old, he came west, and until the spring of 1859 was a\\nresident of Kendall county, Illinois. In the spring of 1859 he came\\nto Danville, coming first to accept the position of weighmaster with\\nColonel Chandler, who at that time was operating quite extensively in\\nthe coal mines. This he followed for a short time, and then for three\\nyears was farming, and after this he engaged in different business en-\\nterprises until 1872, when, in company with Charles W. Morrison, he\\nengaged in the furniture trade. They did business together until 1874,\\nwhen they dissolved partnership, or rather he sold out, in August, and\\nin December took the stock of coffins, which had been one branch of\\ntheir business, and since then has been engaged in the business of un-\\ndertaking, and, as before stated, is now located at No. 59 West Main\\nstreet.\\nAfter many years of experience people now see clearly the impor-\\ntance of insuring their property. A leading newspaper, while com-\\nmenting on the business of insurance, says Insurance distributes\\nover the multitude a loss that would crush the individual. Many who\\nread these lines will be able to recall the time when men argued that if\\nit was a profitable business for companies it might be the same for indi-\\nviduals, forgetting that the company s risks are widely scattered, that\\nthe average could be predicted with tolerable certainty, and that the\\nindividual had no means of calculating chances, while his loss would\\nin all probability prove his utter ruin. 1 Persons engaged in the business\\nof insurance calculate the losses by fire with the greatest accuracy, and\\ngovern their rates for premiums accordingly. An active competition\\nkeeps the premiums as low as safety allows. Great care should be taken\\nnever to take a policy from a company which insures too cheaply, for\\nexceeding low rates indicate either that a first-class swindle is intended\\nor that the company taking such policies is now doing business on a\\nsafe basis. Peter Wilber, who was born in Germany in 1832, came to\\nAmerica with his parents when very young. In 1862 he entered the\\ninsurance business, and has perhaps had as much experience both in life\\nand fire insurance as any man in eastern Illinois. He has been gen-\\neral agent for the State of Illinois for two leading companies of the\\nUnited States. Mr. Wilber has been a resident of Danville first in\\n1859, when he remained about three .years; whence he went to Kanka-\\nkee, Illinois, and in 1866 returned to Danville, which has been his\\nhome ever since. In 1877 he was elected justice of the peace, which\\noffice he now holds. Mr. Wilber has held the office of city clerk of", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "426 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDanville for three terms. Mr. Wilber represents some of the leading\\ninsurance companies of America: Continental, of New York; Phoe-\\nnix, of Brooklyn, New York North British and Mercantile, London\\nand Edinburgh Queen, of England Howard, New York Travelers\\nLife and Accident, of Hartford, Connecticut, with a total of assets of\\nover $25,000,000. These companies are all old and reliable. Mr.\\nWilber is also engaged in the real estate and collecting business. He\\nis agent for several mail steamship lines running to and from all Euro-\\npean and continental ports. Persons dealing with Peter Wilber may\\nbe sure of honorable treatment.\\nMiss Minerva Watson, Danville, teacher, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, near Danville. Her father is John R. Watson, of Danville.\\nMiss W. is one of the 7 oung lady teachers of the count} She taught\\nin the summer of 1879 in the west end of Pilot. Her father provided\\nnot only for his sons, but gave his daughter a good dowry. Miss W.\\nis amiable, intelligent, and a good exponent of the profession which she\\nhonors.\\nGustav Klingenspor, the leading florist of Danville, is a native of\\nBrunswick, Germany, where he was born, on the 13th of May, 1831.\\nHe came to the United States in 1856, and stopped at Baltimore about\\ntwo 3 ears and a half before he was able to send for his family. Wish-\\ning to come west, he was obliged to pawn some of his clothing to buy\\na ticket to Chicago. There he remained about two years, at work to\\nraise money to bring his family west; and to add to his misfortunes, he\\nwas cheated out of some of his earnings. In 1861 he came to Danville,\\nand worked one year to raise money to bring his family to this place.\\nHis friends finally made up a purse of $25 for him, with which he brought\\nhis family to the place which has since been his home. Before begin-\\nning his present business he had learned the trade of a painter, which\\nhe followed for some time, gradually growing into his present line of\\nbusiness. He now has a tine place of business located near the east\\nend of Main street, and seems to have established a trade that is satis-\\nfactory to himself. As will be seen above, he has been dependent upon\\nhis own resources in the accumulation of property. He has probably\\nseen as hard times as any one who came to the city in an early day\\nbut by hard work and economy he has provided for himself a good\\nbusiness and a good home.\\nAlexander Pollock, Danville, physician and surgeon. Before en-\\ngaging in any profession it would be well for any person to thoroughly\\nstudy his adaptability for that profession of which he proposes to make\\na life-study. No physician or attorney, from the time he begins his\\nstudies with Blackstone or Gray s Anatomy, can lay aside his books", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 427\\nand say his days of study are over. It is the study of a lifetime. This\\nDr. Alex. Pollock, the subject of our sketch, and a leading physician\\nand surgeon of Danville, seemed to comprehend when he began the\\nstudy of medicine. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on\\nthe 27th of May, 1829, being of Scotch-Irish parentage. In the fall of\\n1852 he came west, locating at Springfield, Illinois, where, for a time,\\nhe was engaged in teaching. Deciding to study medicine, he began\\nwith Dr. R. E. W. Adams, of Springfield. In 1860 he became a gradu-\\nate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, at St. Louis. In\\nthe fall of the same year he came to Vermilion county, and began the\\npractice of his profession, which he followed until 1862, when he en-\\ntered the army in the war of the rebellion of 1861-65. He enlisted in\\nCo. C, 125th 111. Vol. Inf., as first lieutenant. When he entered the\\nservice he carried with him a private store of medicines, prescribing\\nand filling his prescriptions free of charge so long as his store lasted.\\nFor this act of kindness he made more than one life-long friend who is\\nnow residing in Vermilion county. In 1861 he resigned his commission\\nand returned to Illinois, locating at Decatur for about nine months,\\nand then returning to Danville, where he has since resided, engaging\\nin the practice of his profession. He is a member of the Wabash Val-\\nley Homoeopathic Medical Society, and is the physician who first intro-\\nduced the practice of Homoeopathy in Vermilion county in 1860. He\\nnot only had the ignorance of the people to light against, but the pre-\\njudice of the allopathic school of physicians to overcome, both of which\\nhe has succeeded so well in doing that to-day his practice is so large\\nthat there is no room left for doubt. He is a citizen standing among\\nthe first in the community, and whose name and reputation are above\\nreproach.\\nDr. J. C. Winslow, Danville, dentist, a lineal descendant of the old\\nMayflower stock, is a native of Barnard, Windsor county, Vermont.\\nHe was born in 1819, and remained a resident of the old home until\\nfourteen years of age. His first occupation after leaving home was at\\nthe trade of manufacturing musical ii struments. In a short time he\\nbegan teaching music, and in 1846 began railroading, first with the\\nSaratoga Schenectady Railroad. Later he became master mechanic\\nof the New York New Haven Railroad, and in 1856 came west and\\naccepted the position of assistant master mechanic of the then Great\\nWestern Railroad, but what is now known as the Wabash. This he\\nfollowed until 1859, when he decided to give up railroading altogether,\\nthough he was offered full charge of the road as master mechanic if he\\nwould stay. But his decision to do no more of this kind of work could\\nnot be changed by these offers. In 1846-7 the Doctor had begun the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "428 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nstudy of dentistry, and in 1859, when he left the road, he went to\\nSpringfield, Illinois, and spent six months more in the study of his pro-\\nfession. In 1860 he came to Danville and began practice, where he has\\nsince resided. By his own efforts the Doctor has also become a geologist\\nof so much note as to be quoted as authority in some scientific discoveries\\nthat he has made, not only among scientists of this country but also in\\nEurope. We may also mention a very complete article upon the geol-\\nogy of Vermilion county, compiled by himself and Prof. Wm. Gurley.\\nTo the Doctor must also be given the credit of agitating the movement\\nwhich resulted in the organization of the Vermilion County Historical\\nSociety, of which he is the curator. He was the first mayor of the city\\nof Danville, to which office he was elected in May of 1868. He is a\\nman who has been identified with public improvements of almost every\\nkind, and is so well known to the people that any compliments of the\\npress are wholly unneeded on his part.\\nJohn W. Dale, Danville, county clerk, the subject of this sketch,\\nwas born in South Charleston, Clarke county, Ohio, on the 15th of\\nJanuary, 1842, and is the son of John J. and Elizabeth (Davison) Dale.\\nHis mother was a native of Ohio, and his father, who was born in 1809,\\nof Maryland. Mr. John J. Dale moved to Clarke county, Ohio, and\\nthere married, and raised a family of eight children. In 1856 the fam-\\nily moved to Warren county, Indiana, and remained until 1860, when\\nthey moved to Vermilion county and located about six miles south of\\nRossville. Mr. J. W. was brought up on the farm. At the breaking\\nout of the late war he enlisted as private in Co. B, 25th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nfor three years. He participated in some of the most prominent bat-\\ntles of the war, such as Pea Ridge, siege of Corinth, Perryville, Stone\\nRiver and Chickamauga. At the battle of Chickamauga, on Sunday\\nafternoon, September 20, 1863, he received a wound in the left elbow,\\nand was then sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, where he had\\nhis arm amputated. He remained in the hospital until 1864, when he\\nwas finally mustered out. He returned to his home in Vermilion\\ncounty, and from there he went to Greencastle, Indiana, and attended\\ncollege. Mr. Dale has held several offices of public trust in Vermil-\\nion county. He was elected assessor and collector of Ross township,\\nwhich office he held for two years. In 1869 he was nominated by the\\nrepublican party and elected clerk of Vermilion county, and to this\\noffice he was reelected in 1873 and 1877, and is the present incumbent.\\nThe war history of Mr. Dale is that he did his duty. So might it be\\nsaid in regard to his serving the. people of Vermilion county as a\\ncounty officer. Mr. Dale was married on the 26th of June, 1873, to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 429\\nHarriet I. Hicks, of Perryville, Indiana, daughter of (ieorg Hicks.\\nThey have two children.\\nJohn H. Long, Danville, saloon-keeper, was born in Center county,\\nPennsylvania, on the 31st of March, 1838. While in Pennsylvania\\nMr. Long was engaged in teaching school. He, in 1860, came west to\\nIllinois, and joined a circus at Freeport. He remained with the circus\\nbut a short time, and in 1860 he came to Danville, where he has been\\na resident ever since. When he first came here he was engaged in\\nteaching school in South Danville, thence as superintendent of the\\nCarbon coal mines, which was a very extensive mine, employing as high\\nas two hundred and fifty hands, with the capacity of mining five hun-\\ndred tons of coal daily. He remained with the coal company for four\\nor five years. He then entered the grocer} business, which he con-\\ntinued for about one year. Then he opened a billiard-room, where lie\\nwas very successful. Then in the saloon business, and this he has\\ncarried on in a very orderly manner. He is now improving his room\\nto enter into the theater business, and will be known as Long s Gaiety\\nTheater. Mr. Long represented the first ward as alderman for four\\nyears in a faithful manner. He was married in Columbia City, Indiana,\\nto Phoebia Shavey, a native of Paris, France, by whom they had two\\nchildren. She died on the 15th of February, 1879, of consumption,\\nafter suffering many weary months.\\nWe do not expect to give a history or biography of the life of the\\ndetective, T. E. Halls, of Danville, for a detailed sketch of some of his\\nexploits alone would make a good-sized book, a number of which have\\nalready been written by sensational writers. He is a native of Enfield,\\nMiddlesex county, England, and is a man now about thirty-four years\\nold. At the age of twelve years he came to the United States, and\\nbecame a resident of Warren county, Indiana, where he remained until\\n1861 then came to Danville. In 1865, while filling the office of dep-\\nuty sheriff under Joseph M. Payton, his ability in arresting and hand-\\nling criminals was first taken particular notice of by the people. In\\n1865 there was an old man by the name of Ball living on the banks of\\nthe Vermilion, near Dallas, Vermilion county, called out of his door\\nafter night and shot by some unseen person or persons. Six persons\\nwere charged with this murder, warrants issued for their arrest, and\\nplaced in the hands of T. E. Halls. A posse of men was offered him\\nto help make the arrests, but this he refused and started after them\\nalone. It is not necessary to detail the manner in which he made\\nthese arrests, but enough to say that the next day after starting after\\nthem he came into Danville on horseback, driving the six prisoners\\nbefore him. This starting out alone to arrest a lot of men seems to be", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "430 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na peculiarity with him. Whether this method of making arrests is\\ncommon among detectives we do not know. In the fifteen years ex-\\nperience he has had as a detective he has been shot several times, though\\nno time dangerously hurt or crippled. Since 1873 he has been in the\\nemploy of the I. B. W. railroad, and for C. E. I. road has been\\ndetective since 1879. On the former road, in 1875, he made ninety\\narrests for car robbery, placing obstructions on the track, and for other\\noffenses. His services have been appreciated by these roads. Besides\\nbeing well paid, he has received many valuable presents, presented by\\nthe officers and employes. He has recently learned telegraphy, and\\nnow has an instrument in his own residence, the wires being connected\\nwith the main lines. We might add to this short sketch many pages\\nof interesting matter relative to himself and his business. Though we\\nmay add that it is one thing to be a detective in name, and another\\nthing by nature, his record will certainly entitle him to claim the lat-\\nter. His ability has already been recognized by some of the governors,\\nwho have given him important and dangerous work to do. Should no\\nmisfortune befall him, we hope yet to see the name of T. E. Halls\\namong the list of noted detectives of the west.\\nA grocery establishment recently opened in the city of Danville,\\nand one which bids fair to do its share of the business in this line, is\\nthat of W. M. Carnahan. He is a native of Attica, Indiana, though he\\nhas been a resident of Vermilion county for about eighteen years. He\\nbegan business in his present line in April of 1879. His first year s\\nbusiness will probably aggregate about fifteen thousand dollars, a spe-\\ncialty with him being the miners trade. To supply this he is located\\nnear the North Fork bridge, which is as convenient as possible to the\\nMoss Bank mines. His store is twenty-four feet front by eighty deep,\\nand well stocked with everything pertaining to the grocery trade.\\nAmong the stirring business firms of the city of Danville we may\\nmention the Glindmeier Bros., manufacturing coopers. They are both\\nnatives of Prussia. Chris, the elder brother, came to the states one\\nyear ahead of his brother of whom we write. Henry, the younger of\\nthe two, came to the United States in 1860. He was born in Prussia\\nin 1842, and before leaving his native country had received a good edu-\\ncation. In 1861, when they came to Danville, he, with his brother,\\nengaged in the manufacture of coopers work, a more detailed account\\nof the extent of which business is given elsewhere. They have two\\nestablishments, one located near the Wabash Depot in Danville, and\\nthe other a short way in the country. The one in Danville comes\\ndirectly under the supervision of himself, and being a practical cooper\\nby trade, he has little trouble in managing the work at this point,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 431\\nthough there is a large force of men who look to him for orders in the\\nexecution of their work. Pie is still a young man, and by his sober,\\nsteady habits and close attention to business, has already accumulated\\na good property and established a good name and reputation among\\nhis fellow-citizens.\\nFor the past five years Mr. A. C. Freeman has held the office of\\ncity clerk of the city of Danville. He is a native of Washington\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, where he was born in August, 1834. For the\\npast eighteen years he has been a resident of Vermilion county, though\\nnot located at Danville all this time. In 1861 he was employed by the\\nGreat Western Railroad Company of Illinois, being stationed at Fair-\\nmount. Later he went to State Line, where the division shops used to\\nbe. In 1866 he was stationed at Danville, where he remained in the\\nemploy of the company until 1872; thus spending more of his life in\\nthe railroad business than the average railroad man, viz: seven years.\\nHe is still located where he can hear the whistles blow, and probably\\nthe most notable feature of his change of occupation is the absence of\\nthe pay-car.\\nW. T. Myers, Danville, livery-keeper, is the son of Elias and Ann\\nMyers, who were of German descent, and formerly of Fairfield county,\\nOhio, where W. T. Myers was born, on the 17th of February, 1846.\\nIn 1862 the family removed to Danville, where they now reside, and\\nwhere of late W. T. has been engaged in the livery business. He, by\\nhis gentlemanly and courteous treatment of his many customers, now\\nhas a business pqnal to that of anyone else in the same business.\\nS. B. Holloway, Danville, proprietor of the omnibus line, was born\\nin Guernsey county, Ohio, on the 5th of April, 1831, and at eight years\\nof age his parents removed to Morgan county, Ohio, where Mr. Hollo-\\nway remained until grown to be a man, and had married. His choice\\nwas Miss A. Plummer, a native of Morgan county, Ohio. In the fall\\nof 1854 he removed to Henry county, Indiana, and engaged in the\\nsaw-mill business. In 1856 he removed and purchased a steam\\nsaw-mill, which he run until 1858. He then removed to Knightstown,\\nwhere he was engaged in the same business, which he continued to do\\nfor eighteen months, and in 1859 purchased a saw-mill in Rush county,\\nIndiana, which he run for a short time. In 1860 he went to Hancock\\ncounty, Indiana, and bought a mill, which he run for one year, and in\\n1861 he went to Indianapolis and engaged in the grocery business. In\\n1862 he came to Danville, where he has been doing a successful livery\\nand omnibus business.\\nW. H. Taylor, the present chief of the fire department of the city\\nof Danville, was born in Perry county, Ohio, in 1831. He removed to", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "4:!2 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHancock county, Ohio, in 1844, and to Illinois in 1851, arriving at\\nDecatur, Macon county, on the 4th of June of that year. He settled\\nin Sullivan in August, 1851, and removed to Mount Pleasant (now\\nFarmer City), Dewitt county, in 1856, and then to Danville in 1862.\\nThe same year he volunteered in the 107th 111. Inf., and served until\\nthe close of the war. He was in the siege at Knoxville and in all the\\nbattles from Rocky Face to Atlanta. He was wounded at Franklin,\\nTennessee. He commanded the company through most of the Georgia\\ncampaign, though a non-commissioned officer; the officers of his com-\\npany being (an exception to the rule) home on furlough, in hospital, or\\nabsent on long marches and during engagements. After the war he\\nlocated at Danville, Illinois, and was elected alderman of the fourth\\nward in 1871 and served two years. He was reelected from the second\\nward in 1874 and served two years, during which time he was chair-\\nman of the committee on fire and water, and always evinced a great\\ninterest in the welfare of the city. To him the city is probably more\\nindebted for the efficiency of the fire department than to any other\\ncitizen of Danville.\\nJ. A. Lewis, Danville, contractor and builder, is a native of the Isle\\nof Wight, England. In 1858 he went to Toronto, Canada, where he\\nremained only one year, and then removed to St. Louis, Missouri,\\nremaining a resident of that city and vicinity until 1861, when he\\nentered the Federal army from St. Clair county, Missouri, enlisting in\\nthe 7th Mo. Inf., Co. D, as company bugler. He first enlisted for a\\nthree-months term of service, but afterward joined the 7th Mo., which\\nwas for three years. In 1862, while his command was marching from\\nKansas City to Independence, he, with a couple other members of his\\ncompany, stopped at a farm-house for refreshments. The command\\nhad got some way in advance, when they stepped out at the door and\\nwere ordered to surrender by the notorious guerrilla Quantrell. As\\nthere was but little use of fighting and no use of running, he and one\\ncomrade quietly surrendered. The third broke and ran, having been\\nthe last and somewhat the latest one out of the house. The rebels im-\\nmediately fired upon him, killing him instantly. Mr. Lewis was kept\\nuntil the next day, when, for some reason, he and his fellow-prisoner\\nwere quietly required to swear never to again take up arms against the\\nConfederate cause, instead, as was the usual custom, of putting pris-\\noners to death. This was the end of his army life. In 1862 he came\\nto Danville and began work at his trade of a brick and stone mason,\\nhaving learned this trade before leaving England. In 1876, when the\\nDanville Contracting and Building Company was organized, he became\\ninterested in it, and was elected president, which office he held until", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 433\\n1878, when he bought the property and interests of the company, and\\nhas since been contracting and building on his own account. He is\\nnow doing a large business in his line, employing from fifteen to twenty\\nmen most of the time. He has been a resident of Danville seventeen\\nyears, and is well known to the people as an honorable and upright\\ncitizen.\\nL. B. Wolf, Danville, grocer, proprietor of the Cottage Bakery,\\nlocated on the southwest corner of Pine and Madison streets, is a native\\nof Wyandotte county, Ohio. He came to Vermilion count} 7 in 1862,\\nand since 1867 has been a resident of Danville. In 1877 he engaged\\nin his present business. The Cottage Bakery has already become well\\nknown. Mr. Wolf now gives employment to two men, and runs a\\ndelivery wagon in connection with his business. He has already estab-\\nlished a trade that in 1879 will aggregate about $15,000. This he has\\ndone by energy, industry, and a close attention to business.\\nThe gardening business, if properly managed, seems to be both\\npleasant and profitable, at least Mr. G. L. Holton, the subject of this\\nsketch, seems to have brought the business to this state by his good\\nmanagement. He is a native of Bracken county, Kentucky, and is a\\nman now thirty-eight years old. In 1851 he went to Crawford sville,\\nIndiana, with his people. He has now been a resident of this place\\nfor about seventeen years. In 1869 he began as a gardener and florist,\\nbut for three years ran behind at the business, though as he became\\nmore familiar with the business he met with better success. His hot-\\nhouse which he has now leased is in size 36 x 50, with an addition of\\n12 x 35. The front is used as an office, packing-room, etc. He has\\nbrought the land up from a wild state to what it now is. Most of his\\nseeds he buys in New York, though he uses some imported seeds. In\\nconnection with his business he runs a fine market-wagon, gotten up\\nexpressly for the purpose. During the winter he is engaged as a coal\\noperator, his farm, like the balance of land in the vicinity, being under-\\nlaid with a fine six-foot vein of coal, besides a smaller one underneath.\\nHe both in the summer and winter gives employment to several men,\\nhis method of minino; beino- what is known as drift mining-.\\nDr. I. M. Gillam, physician and surgeon, is a native of Warren\\ncounty, Ohio. In 1862, when he was twenty years old, his people\\nmoved to this county, locating at Oakwood. In 1866 the Doctor began\\nthe study of medicine with Dr. R. B. Ray, of Fairmount, a man who\\nis well known throughout this county. He afterward came to Dan-\\nville, and finished his studies with Dr. Fithian. He in procuring\\nhis education has been dependent upon his own resources. Not only\\nthis, but he had the care of his parents also upon his hands. He has\\n28", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "434 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbeen practicing in Danville since 1867. His office is located at 69\\nMain street, and his residence at 105 Hazel. He is a very quiet, un-\\ndemonstrative kind of a man, and still possessed of a good, firm will,\\nthat seldom fails to carry him through any difficulty.\\nChristian Glindmeier, Danville, cooper, was born in Prussia, Ger-\\nmany, on the 19th of November, 1827. He came to America in 1857,\\nwith his sister, coming directly west and stopping in Vermilion county,\\nIndiana, where the first winter he was engaged in working in a pork-\\nhouse. He then went to Terre Haute, where he worked at the cooper s\\ntrade, which he had learned in Germany. He remained in Terre Haute\\nabout six months, and then returned to Vermilion county, Indiana,\\nwhere he married Elizabeth Aspelmeire, a playmate of his boyhood\\ndays in Prussia,, Germany, and a passenger on the same ship in which\\nhe came to America. He moved to fountain county and remained\\nthere about eighteen months, and then went to farming. In 1862 he\\ncame to Vermilion county, Illinois, and located on the present farm,\\nwhere he commenced his cooper business. He first worked two hands,\\nand from that he gradually built up a very large trade. In 1874 he\\nand his brother built a cooper shop in Danville, which was destroyed\\nby fire. They then rebuilt, and to-day do an immense business, em-\\nploying some sixty hands on the farm and in the cooper department.\\nTheir pay-roll amounts to $250 to $300 per week. They manufacture\\nabout twelve thousand lard and pork barrels per year, finding sales for\\ntheir barrels principally in St. Louis and Chicago. Mr. Glindmeier\\nstarted from his native home with $800 when he arrived at his des-\\ntination he was worth, perhaps, about $400, and from this start he has\\nmade what he is worth to-day. He owns seven hundred and forty -four\\nacres of land, which has been made by industry and good management.\\nHe is the father of five children Mary E., Louisa C, Kissie Alice,\\nMinnie May and Henry Franklin.\\nJames Jones, Danville, civil engineer, of the Ellsworth Coal Com-\\npany, is a native of Liverpool, England. He was born in 1843, and at\\nthe age of thirteen years left home and went to sea for about six and a\\nhalf years. In J862 he joined the American navy, in the war of 1861-5,\\nremaining in the service until April of 1863. During this time he was\\nin the battles of Fort Pillow, Memphis, and White Eiver. At the\\nlatter place he was one of a crew of one hundred and eighty men. The\\nboat blew up, and of this number only twenty came out alive, and\\nsome of these were crippled. Besides receiving several bad wounds,\\nhe was shot through the calf of the leg with the rib of some poor fellow\\nwho was blown to pieces. This mishap kept him in the hospital for\\neight months. During his six and a half years of life on the sea he had", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 435\\nlearned marine engineering. This varies quite materially from his\\npresent work. He has been dependent wholly upon his own resources\\nin fitting himself for the work of civil engineering. Since he has been\\nwith the Ellsworth Coal Company he has executed some very neat and\\ndifficult work, having made the surveys for the three connections in\\nthe mine, varying from seven hundred to eleven hundred and fifty\\nyards. He has now been with this company for eight years, though in\\nall he has had about sixteen years experience in mining, having begun\\nthe business in the Kirkland carbon mines. He has been so lono- with\\nthe company, and by his suggestions so many changes and improvements\\nhave been made, that now the whole, or nearly the whole, supervision\\nof the mines is left to him. If he says everything is all right, Mr.\\nDaniel, the manager, pays no more attention to it.\\nR. H. Mater, Danville, contractor and builder, whose office is found\\nat 88 Vermilion street, is a native of Indiana, and was born in Febru-\\nary of 1839. He began learning the trade of carpenter and joiner in\\n1859. In 1863 he went to Fairmount, this county, where he remained\\nabout four years, and then removed to Terre Haute, Indiana. He\\nremained there but about one year, and then returned to this county,\\nlocating at Danville, where he has established a good business, some-\\ntimes giving employment to as many as twenty-two men at one time.\\nAmong some of the prominent buildings which he has built may be\\nmentioned the Vermilion-street Opera House, the residences of E. B.\\nMartin and B. Brittenhouse. These buildings will, no doubt, for many\\nyears after his death, be known as monuments of his workmanship.\\nWin. J. Moore, M.D., Danville, physician and surgeon, is a native\\nof Champaign county, Illinois, where he was born in 1846. When\\nseventeen years old he began the study of medicine with Dr. W. W.\\nR. Woodbury, of Danville, and graduated at the Rush Medical College\\nin 1 870. At the age of twenty-four years he began practice at Car-\\nthage, Hancock county, Illinois, where he remained about two years,\\nand then came to Danville, where he has since resided engaged in the\\npractice of his profession. On the 23d of March, 1863, he enlisted in\\nCo. L, 16th 111. Cavalry, in the three-years service, remaining in the\\nservice until the close of the war and participating in many of the\\nheavy battles, among which may be mentioned those of the Atlanta\\ncampaign, the battle of Nashville and at Jonesville, Virginia, where he\\nwas wounded and taken prisoner, lying fo.r seven weeks at a farm-house,\\nand finall} r making his escape. The Doctor is what is termed one of\\nthe regular physicians, and is a member of the Association of Physicians\\nand Surgeons of Vermilion county, and also of the Illinois State Med-\\nical Association. By his close attention to business he has established", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "436 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na good name and reputation, these being two of the important things\\nnecessary to the success of any physician.\\nDavid A. Smith, Danville, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nOhio, on the 2d of September, 1812, and is the son of John and Eliz-\\nabeth (Harmon) Smith. His father was a paper-maker by trade. He\\nwas married in Virginia, and with his wife moved to Ohio, where he\\nfollowed his trade, and there remained until 1863, when he moved to\\nVermilion county. He died in Indiana, but was buried here his wife\\nalso died, and was buried in Vermilion county. Mr. Smith, the sub-\\nject of this sketch, learned the paper-maker s trade, then the trade of a\\nmillwright, and afterward that of a miller. He was married to Martha\\nJ. Parker, of North Carolina, who came to Indiana when she was\\nquite young. Mr. Smith was a resident of Richmond, Indiana, but\\nwent to La Fayette, where he remained some five or six years in the\\nmill business; thence to Warren county, and remained there in same\\nbusiness about five years. Mr. Smith was very successful in the mill\\nbusiness, having retired in good circumstances. In 1853 he came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, and purchased land, and also the present\\nhomestead. He returned to Indiana, and in 1855 he moved on the\\npresent farm, where he has remained since. Here his first wife, who\\nwas a good and kind mother and loving wife, died. He then married\\nMrs. Hannah Brant Lee. Mr. Smith had three sons in the late war,\\nwho did good service. William H. enlisted in the 125th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nand on account of sickness was honorably discharged after serving over\\ntwo years. David J. enlisted at the first call. After his time was up\\nhe reenlisted in a battery, and did good service. Samuel P. enlisted in the\\none-hundred-days service. He, after his time was up, tried to reenlist\\nin the three-years service, but, on account of being too young, was re-\\nfused. There are six children living, all by the first wife: William\\nH., David J., Samuel P., Andrew J., Casius Wilson and Sarah Jane.\\nAnton Schatz, Danville, saloon-keeper, was born in Baden, Ger-\\nmany, on the 6th of April, 1840, and came to Danville, Illinois, in\\n1864, where he engaged with Samuel Craig for seven years and accu-\\nmulated money enough to start in his present business. On the 1st of\\nMarch, 1870, he was married to Miss Theresia Loftier. They have\\nseven children Columbus, John, Anton, Caroline, Anna, Louisa and\\nStacy. Mr. Schatz is a member of the I.O.O.F., No. 499, and has\\nfilled all the chairs. He is also a member of the Turner Society. In\\npolitics he is a democrat.\\nJno. C. Mengle, Danville, butcher, is a native of Berks county,\\nPennsylvania. He came west in 1864 and located in Danville. He\\nlearned the butcher business with his father. He is now located on", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 437\\nthe corner of Vermilion and North streets, and is doing the leading-\\nbusiness in his line in the city. In all he gives employment to about\\nthree men on an average. He kills annually about 1,000 head of\\nstock. For this he pays to the farmers about $10,000. Everything\\nabout his place is neat and clean. This, coupled with his pleasant and\\ncourteous treatment of customers, must] insure him success in the\\nfuture, as it has already done in the past.\\nMessrs. T. and J. Donnelly have been in the grocery business in\\nDanville for fifteen years, and may truly be classed among the old\\ngrocery men of the city. They are both natives of County Cavan, Ire-\\nland. They are located corner of Jackson and South streets. The\\nstore they occupy is 20x40, but they have warehouse room outside of\\nthis. Besides doing a general grocery business, during the winter they\\nbuy dressed pork and other produce. Probably one secret of their\\nsuccess is that they have both been farmers, and know better how to\\nsupply the wants of this class of custom, and know also what the loss\\nof a crop is, and how hard it is sometimes for farmers to pay without\\na sacrifice of property. Mr. J. Donnelly was fourteen years old when\\nhe came to the United States in 1851. For one year he was in Troy,\\nNew York. He then came west and located at Attica, Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana, and there, in 1855, in company with his brother,\\nbegan farming. This they followed until 1864, when they began busi-\\nness in the grocery trade in Danville. In 1867 he was elected to the\\ncouncil from the first ward, and is now holding the office of assistant\\nsupervisor of Danville township. They have done more toward the\\nimprovement of Danville than many citizens who are much older resi-\\ndents, as they have built twelve new buildings and repaired six others,\\nmaking them good residences.\\nL. C. Hovey, Danville, yardmaster, was born in Tolland county,\\nConnecticut, in 1825. During his early life he had the advantages of\\ngood schools, and received a good business education. About 1853 he\\nbegan railroading, having been at the business now about twenty-six\\nyears. He was first connected with what used to be the Cincinnati\\nChicago Short Line, but was afterward with the New London tfc North-\\nern, and fifteen years ago began with what is now the Wabash road,\\nwith which he has since remained, excepting three years spent on the\\nI. C. L., being engaged most of the time while on the road as an en-\\ngineer. He now has charge of the Wabash yard at this point. Dan-\\nville being the joint station between the eastern and western divisions\\nof the road, requires a yard five miles in length. All trains from either\\ndivision when run into this yard are in his charge. He also has the\\nsupervision of about twenty men but being an old railroad man he", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "438 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhas become so used to doing his duty as regularly as clock-work, that\\nseldom any errors or blunders creep into his management, either of the\\nmen or other matters pertaining to his department. He is probably\\nthe oldest railroad man residing in Danville. His record as such is\\ncertainly as free from errors or accidents as any who follow railroading\\nas a business.\\nW. A. Brown, Danville, physician and surgeon, was born in Knox\\ncounty, Tennessee, in 1830, and at the age of seven years went with\\nhis people to Macoupin county, Illinois. He became a graduate of the\\nMcDowell College of Medicine, of St. Louis, in 1857; after graduating\\nhe went to Iowa, where he remained but a short time, removing to\\nMissouri in 1859, where he was engaged in practice for three years.\\nIn 1862 he entered the army as assistant surgeon of the 1st Missouri\\nMilitia, serving two years, and upon leaving the army he came to Dan-\\nville and began his practice in July of 1864. He has since given his\\ntime exclusively to his profession. He is a member of the Vermilion\\nCounty Association of Physicians and Surgeons, and a man whose\\nname and reputation are above reproach.\\nD. D. Evans, Danville, attorn ey-at-law, is a native of the old Key-\\nstone State, was born in Cambria county, Pennsylvania, on the 17th\\nof April, 1829, and is the son of David and Anna (Lloyd) Evans, both\\nnatives of England, having emigrated to America when they were\\nchildren. Mr. Evans father was a stonemason and contractor, but in\\nhis latter days was engaged in farming here. Mr. Evans remained un-\\ntil he was about twenty-four years of age, engaged in farming in the\\nsummer, and in the winter months attending the district schools, where\\nhe received sufficient education to enable him to teach school .for sev-\\neral years in his native county. He then entered the Eclectic Institute\\nof Ohio, which at that time was one of the leading institutions of learn-\\ning in that state. General James A. Garfield, who afterward became\\npresident of the institution, was a pupil of this school at this time. At\\nabout thirty years of age Mr. Evans commenced the study of law, and\\nin 1861 he entered the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, graduating\\nfrom the law school in the spring of 1863. He returned to Ohio, and\\nin the summer of the same year enlisted in the one-hundred-days ser-\\nvice as orderly in Co. E, 167th Ohio National Guards, and served for four\\nmonths. The following year he came to Danville, and was for a short\\ntime engaged in school teaching. Mr. Evans, for some time, was editor\\nof the Vermilion county Plaindealer, which at that time was one of\\nthe leading republican newspapers of this vicinity, and the only paper\\npublished in the county. Since Mr. Evans began the practice of law\\nin Danville he has had associated with him, as partners, John A.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 439\\nKumler, Mark D. Hawes and Charles M. Swallow, the two former of\\nwhom are now ministers of the gospel, and the latter a prominent at-\\ntorney of the Vermilion county bar. Mr. Evans political opinions are\\nrepublican. In 1876 he was a delegate to the republican presidential\\nconvention which was held in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was one of the\\nfive delegates who worked so hard for the nomination of Mr. Bristow.\\nMr. Evans married Mrs. Edwilda Anderson (Cromwell) Fithian. By\\nthis marriage they have had three children two deceased.\\nOliver P. Kistler, Danville, farmer, was born in Fairfield county,\\nOhio, on the 20th of January, 1837, and is the son of Samuel and\\nElizabeth (King) Kistler. His father was a farmer and a native of\\nPennsylvania, he moving to Ohio at an early day. Here Mr. Kist-\\nler, the subject of this sketch, was brought up on the farm, and en-\\ngaged in farming from the time he was able to hold the plow. In\\n1864 he came to Vermilion county and located on the present home-\\nstead, which has been his home ever since. He was married in\\nOhio to Miss Mary C. Lake. They have four children. He owns\\nfour hundred and eighty-eight acres of tine improved land. His father\\nand mother died in Ohio his father being seventy-four years, nine\\nmonths and thirteen days old, and his mother about sixty-nine years\\nold, when they died.\\nRobert D. McDonald, Danville, attorney-at-law, was born near Co-\\nlumbia, Tennessee, on the 23d of June, 1834, and is the son of C. R.\\nand Nancy (Baldrich) McDonald, of South Carolina. His father was\\na tanner by trade, and followed farming. Here, on the farm, Mr.\\nMcDonald remained until he was about thirteen years of age. He\\nthen came to Danville and clerked in a store, where he remained about\\nsix years. He then went to Pontiac, Livingston county, and entered\\nthe mercantile business, where he remained about five years. He then\\nreturned to Danville, where he was engaged in the mercantile business\\nfor about four years longer, and afterward in the real-estate business.\\nIn 1870 Mr. McDonald commenced the study of law, and in 1872 he\\nwas admitted to practice law at the Illinois bar, and began business in\\nDanville. To-day he ranks among the prominent attorneys of the Ver-\\nmilion county bar.\\nThe dry-goods store in Schmitt s new marble block, 75 Main street,\\nand managed by Mr. Albert Oberdorfer, of Danville, is an institution\\nthat takes rank with the very leading ones of Danville, and one that\\ndoes an extensive business, and which has been in successful existence\\nduring the past fifteen years. Mr. Oberdorfer is a gentleman full of\\nvim, enterprise and business capacity, and thoroughly alive to the\\nwants of his patrons and the necessities of the trade. Mr. Oberdorfer", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "440 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas born in Austria on the 15th of September, 1838, and is the son of\\nMoses and Thresa (Bernheimer) Oberdorfer. His mother was a native\\nof Prussia, and his father of Bavaria. Mr. Oberdorfer came to Amer-\\nica in 1859, and first located in Louisville, Kentucky, where he was\\nengaged in the dry-goods business. Since then he has been engaged\\nin the same business in Tennessee, and Versailles, Kentucky. From\\nthere, in 1864, he came to Danville, where he entered the dry-goods\\nbusiness on Main street. He then removed to the present stand, which\\nconsists of two floors, each 22x100. Here may be found a full line of\\ndry goods and carpets, and patrons will be well treated b}- his four\\naccommodating clerks.\\nDayton C. Moorehouse, Danville, county sheriff, was born in War-\\nren county, Ohio, on the 1st of September, 1818. His parents were\\nNathan B. and Mary (Potter) Moorehouse, natives of New Jersey,\\nthey moving to Ohio at an early day. His father was in the war of\\n1812. Mr. Moorehouse was brought up on his father s farm, where he\\nremained until he was about fourteen years old. He then went to\\nGreenville, Ohio, and was engaged in his uncle s store as a clerk, where\\nhe remained about six years. In 1837 he went to Covington, Indiana,\\nand here was engaged in the mercantile business. He remained until\\n1856, when he moved to Galesburg, Illinois, and there staid about three\\nand a half years, when he returned to Covington, Indiana. Here, in 1861,\\nhe enlisted in a company as first lieutenant w T hich went to Washington\\ncity and finally disbanded. Mr. Moorehouse then entered the govern-\\nment department in Washington city, and remained in service until\\n1864. He then returned to Covington, Indiana, and in December of\\n1864, with his family, came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and located\\nin Danville, where he has remained. Since Mr. Moorehouse has been\\na resident of Vermilion county he has held several offices of public\\ntrust that of deputy county sheriff for four years under J. W. Myers,\\nand the same office for four years under E. S. Gregory. He then, in\\n1878, was elected sheriff of the county by the republican party, which\\noffice he still holds. Mr. Moorehouse has given entire satisfaction,\\nhaving proven himself a gentleman of acknowledged ability. He is a\\nrepublican in politics. He was married in 1841 to Miss J. W. Bils-\\nland. They have three children living.\\nAlexander Bowman, Danville, civil engineer, was born in New\\nYork city on the 26th of November, 1826, and is the son of Alexander\\nand Catharine Bowman. His father was a native of Georgia, and was\\na captain on the sea; he died in Savannah. His mother, a native of\\nNew York, died in Florida. Mr. Bowman, when a young man, was\\nengaged in teaching school in New York state, and while east was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 441\\nthere engaged in his profession. In 1864 he came to Danville, Illinois,\\nwhere he has been engaged principally at his vocation. He has drawn\\nthe plan of a number of prominent buildings: the court-house of\\nChampaign county, Illinois, the plan of the Episcopal church, Short s\\nblock, and the city building of Danville, Illinois. He has drawn and\\npublished two maps of Danville and one map of Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, which are pronounced the best maps yet published. Mr.\\nBowman has held several public offices. He was county surveyor\\nfour years and city engineer of Danville three terms. Mr. Bowman\\nhas surveyed and laid out perhaps more villages in Vermilion county\\nthan any other one man. He laid out Rankin, Pellsville, East Lynn,\\nMarysville, Alvin, Bismark and a portion of Hoopeston, Ridge Farm,\\nDanville, and other places in the county.\\nGeorge Walz, Danville, furniture dealer and undertaker, was born\\nin Wurtemburg, Germany, on the 1st of October, 1830, and is the son\\nof Martin Walz, who was a farmer. Here, on the farm, Mr. Walz re-\\nmained until he was sixteen years of age. He then learned the cabi-\\nnet-maker s trade near his native home. At twenty-one years of age\\nhe enlisted in the German army and served for three years. In 1854\\nhe emigrated to America, and landed in New York city with but little\\nmoney. He worked at his trade in New York, Philadelphia, Mauch\\nChunk, St. Louis and Pike county, Illinois. In Williamsport he first\\nembarked for himself in the furniture business. He came to Danville\\nand commenced business in 1864, and here he has gradually improved\\nhis stock so that to-day he ranks among the leading houses of this\\nvicinity. He occupies two rooms and has in his employ four men.\\nMr. Walz is also doing a very extensive business in the undertaking\\nline, owning a fine hearse, and he is now prepared to do this business\\nat any time. Mr. Walz was married in Danville, in 1864, to Miss Fred-\\nericka Steebe, of Germany, who came to America when she was a child.\\nBy this marriage the} have five children.\\nC. F. Hankey, who has been for many years engaged in Danville\\nin the business of contracting and building, and now in the lumber\\ntrade, is a native of Germany. At the age of ten years he was brought\\nto the United States by his parents, they locating in Washtenaw coun-\\nty, Michigan. For the following sixteen years this and Jackson county\\nwere his home. It was in the latter that he learned the trade of a car-\\npenter and joiner. In 1861 he was on a trip through Illinois, and when\\nhe reached Galesburg he enlisted in the federal army. He first entered\\ncompany C, 10th 111. Inf., three-years service. He served most of his\\nterm of enlistment as sergeant. As the expiration of their term of en-\\nlistment drew nigh, he, with most of the regiment, reenlisted, they", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "442 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbeing granted a short deduction of time of service for so doing. This\\nlast enlistment was for three years, or during the war, he still being\\nconnected with the same company and regiment. During the last six\\nmonths of his service he held the commission of second lieutenant. In\\nall, he was in seventy-four different engagements, the first being at\\nIsland No. 10, which is said to have been one among the sharpest en-\\ngagements of the war. Following this was the siege of Corinth, Mur-\\nfreesborough, Mission Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, and Sherman s\\nmarch to the sea. He was finally mustered out of service in Chicago\\nin 1865. This same year he came to Danville, and in company with\\nhis brother, began contracting and building. He later sold out to his\\nbrother, and has since entered into a partnership with Mr. G. W. Hoo-\\nton in the lumber trade. Mr. Hankey deserves much credit for the\\nintroduction of a superior style of architecture in and around Danville.\\nThe firm sometimes employs as many as fifty men. Among some of\\nthe buildings, designed by him and constructed by the firm may be\\nmentioned the Arlington Hotel, Byers block, Chas. Palmer s residence\\nand that of O. F. Maxon.\\nM. D. L. Adams, Danville, butcher, was born in Berks county,\\nPennsylvania, on the 3d of June, 1841, and came to Freeport, Illinois,\\nin 1865. He thence came to Danville in the same year, where he has\\nbeen in his present business ever since. In 1860 he married Miss Ame-\\nlia Lubt. She was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1842. They\\nhave eight children Chas., Victory, Alice, William, John, U. S. A.,\\nFlora, Elizabeth. Mr. Adams served in the late rebellion, in the 69th\\nPenn. Vol. Inf., in company A. He is a member of the I.O.O.F., 499,\\nand of the K.P., of which he has passed all the chairs.\\nGeo. W. English, agent of the C. E. I. railroad, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Indiana. He is a man who is well known to the\\npeople of Vermilion county, Indiana, as from 1856 to 1860 he filled\\nthe office of county treasurer, and was auditor of the county from 1860\\nto 1864. Previous to filling the office of county treasurer he had been\\nin the mercantile trade in Perrysville for about six years. His father\\nwas one of the early settlers of that county, having come there from\\nRising Sun, Indiana, in 1830. It was he who built the first rolling\\nmill west of the mountains. Mr. English came to Danville in 1865,\\nand began in the furniture trade, but lost in this business, by fire, about\\nsix thousand dollars. Later he was elected police magistrate, and in\\n1870 began railroading with what was then the C. D. V. railway,\\nbut in 1877 the name was changed to C. E. I. railroad. He has also\\nbeen ticket agent for the E. T. H. C. railroad since 1872. He is a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 443\\nman who has met with a good many adversities financially, both by\\nfire and the failures of other firms.\\nDr. J. A. Hall, Danville, physician and druggist, of 68 Vermilion\\nstreet, is a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, though his people left there when\\nhe was quite small. Later in life he returned to Cincinnati and\\nbegan the study of medicine with Dr. Kelly. He began his studies\\nin 1844, and in 1847 became a graduate of the Nashville University of\\nMedicine, of Nashville, Tennessee. He has also given much study to\\nthe eclectic theory and practice of medicine, and is at present a member\\nof the Illinois State Eclectic Medical Society and of the National Eclec-\\ntic Medical Association. In 1861 he entered the army, remaining in\\nthe service four and one-half years. He is now located at 68 Vermilion\\nstreet, where he has fitted up one of the finest drug establishments in\\nthe city, the firm name being J. A. Hall Son. Their store is twenty-\\ntwo feet front by eighty-seven and one-half deep, three stories and base-\\nment. Here they have everything pertaining to a full and complete\\nline of drugs and druggists sundries. The Doctor has been a resident\\nof Danville since 1865, and is well known to the people.\\nThere are many men in every city who are known and honored by\\nthe title of M.D. from the fact of a diploma having been granted them\\nthere are others who have earned the title by years of hard study and\\na close attention to business. Among this latter class we find Dr. Geo.\\nWheeler Jones, of Danville, the subject of this brief notice. He was\\nborn in Steuben county, New York, in 1839. At the age of nine years\\nhis people moved west, locating at Covington, Indiana, where his father\\nbegan the practice of his profession, that of an M.D. Here Geo. W.\\nreceived his literary education and began the study of medicine with\\nhis father. In 1861 he became a graduate of the Northwestern Med-\\nical College, of Chicago. The same year he began practice in Terre\\nHaute, Indiana, where he remained but about three months, when he\\nentered the army of the war of 1861-65 as a volunteer surgeon, being\\namong the first to enlist. He was consigned to the 26th 111. At Pitts-\\nburg Landing he was attacked by yellow fever. His term of enlistment\\nbeing but for three months, upon recovering from the fever he returned\\nto the north, and again in 1862 entered the army this time with the\\n63d Ind. Vol. Inf., as senior assistant surgeon, remaining with this\\nregiment until the close of the war. He did a great deal of extra and\\ndetached duty in the field hospital and on the operating board, doing\\nthe duty of the latter for two years in connection with the third division\\nof the 23d army corps. In 1865, after the close of the war, the Doctor\\ncame to Danville and began his practice. Here, by a close attention\\nto business, he has become the most popular of the allopath physicians,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "444\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhis practice being large and increasing gradually. He is a member of\\nthe American Medical Association and State Medical Society has\\nbeen surgeon of the Chicago, Danville Vincennes railroad is con-\\nnected with the Vermilion County Medical Society, and is vice-president\\nof the State Medical Society also chairman of the Committee on Prac-\\ntice of Medicine.\\nOne of the leading business men of Danville is Mr. E. A. Leonard,\\npresident of the Danville Lumber and Manufacturing Company. He\\nwas born in St. Lawrence county, New York, in 1828. During his\\nearly life he had the advantage of none but common schools, yet by his\\nown efforts he has acquired a good business education. About 1853\\nhe went to California, where he spent five years and a half mining,\\nprospecting, etc. Returning in 1858, he located in Defiance county,\\nDANVILLE PLANING MILL.\\nOhio, where he remained until 1865, when he came to Danville and\\nbegan in the lumber trade with Mr. Holden, the firm name being\\nLeonard Holden. In one year he bought Mr. Holden s interest, and\\nconducted the business alone until 1871, when the firm became Leonard\\nYeomans. In 1873 there was a change made again, which resulted\\nin the establishing of the present company, with Mr. Leonard as presi-\\ndent, which position he still holds. They employ from fifteen to\\ntwenty men, and do a business aggregating from $75,000 to $80,000\\nper annum. In 1872 there were consigned to them at this point 258\\ncars of lumber and building materials; in 1873, 194; in 1874, 202; in\\n1875, 195 in 1876, 133. They are the leading business firm of Dan-\\nville in this line of manufacturing, their facilities for furnishing good\\nstock at low prices being unequaled.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 445\\nEdward S. Gregory, Danville, deputy county sheriff, was born in\\nBroome county, New York, on the 29th of July, 1843, and is the son of\\nHenry W. and Phrelove (Seamon) Gregory, who were the parents of\\neleven children seven sons and four daughters. Mr. Gregory s grand-\\nfathers were Continental soldiers in the Revolutionary war. His\\nancestors were in this country very early during the colonial period of\\nthe nation s history. In May, 1865, Mr. Gregory came to Danville\\nand entered the drug business with J. Partlow, and remained in this\\nbusiness about five years. In 1869 he was elected marshal of the city\\nof Danville, which position he filled some six years. He was then\\nelected sheriff of Vermilion county, which position he held until 1878.\\nHe is now filling the office of deputy county sheriff. Mr. Gregory was\\nmarried on the 16th of June, 1868, to Miss Anna M. Maxon, of Dan-\\nville. They have one child.\\nWilliam A. Young, Danville, attorn ey-at-1 aw, was born in Dan-\\nville, Hendricks county, Indiana, on the 9th of December, 1839, and\\nis the son of John A. and Mary B. (Blair) Young. His father was a\\nnative of Kentucky and followed farming. Mr. Young made his home\\non the farm with his parents until about 1859 he went to Martinsville,\\nClark county, Illinois, where he was engaged in teaching school. From\\nhere he went to Charleston, and in this vicinity he was engaged in\\nteaching school and practicing law before a justice of the peace. In\\n1861, at the first call, he enlisted as private in the 8th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nCo. C, for three months. He served until the expiration of this time\\nand was honorably mustered out in 1862. He then reenlisted for three\\nyears, but on account of disability was rejected. He then went to\\nIndianapolis, Indiana, and was engaged in recruiting soldiers. Here\\nhe remained until 1865, when he came to Vermilion county. He lo-\\ncated at State Line, where he was engaged for the first three months\\nin teaching school. From this he entered the drug business. In 1868\\nMr. Young was admitted to practice law at the Illinois state bar, and\\ncommenced his practice at State Line. In 1870 he moved to Danville,\\nwhere he has been engaged at his profession ever since. In October,\\n1877, he entered as law partner with Frank W. Penwell, Esq. (whose\\nbiography appears in this work), and formed the present law firm of\\nYoung Penwell, who stand high among the leading attorneys of\\nthe Vermilion county bar. Mr. Young was elected alderman from the\\nthird ward in the spring of 1878. In 1879 the temperance people of\\nDanville nominated and placed him on their ticket for mayor of Dan-\\nville, but he was defeated on account of the city being strongly anti-\\ntemperance. He married Miss Elizabeth Maddox, who was born in\\nDanville, Illinois, daughter of the Rev. Nelson Maddox, who was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "446 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\namong the first settlers of Danville. By this union they have one\\nchild.\\nJames Bracewell, Danville, justice of the peace, was born in what\\nwas then Mason county, Virginia, on the 29th of January, 1838 his\\nparents are John and Minerva (Lewis) Bracewell his father was from\\nEngland, and was engaged in working in the coal mines. When Mr.\\nBracewell was very young his parents moved to Ohio, and here, when\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2he was but seven years old, he entered the mines with his father. He\\nremained in Ohio until 1865, when he came to Illinois and located in\\nDanville. He first commenced to work in the mines of Chandler\\nDonlan. In 1873 he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1877 re-\\nelected to the same office, which he still holds he is also commissioner\\nof highways, to which office he was elected the same year. Mr. Brace-\\nwell also holds the very important office of inspector of mines of Ver-\\nmilion county, having been appointed in 1878. He married in Stark\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 18th of May, 1857, Miss Mary Jones, of England.\\nThey have five children. Mr. Bracewell is agent for the Inman line\\nof steamships.\\nAdolph Rudolph, Danville, saloon-keeper, was born in Hesse-Cassel,\\nGermany, on the 17th of August, 1840 coming to America in 1865,\\ndirect to Illinois, and locating in Danville, where he has been a resi-\\ndent ever since. He married Martha E. Lingner, of Hesse-Cassel, Ger-\\nmany, who came over at the same time that Mr. Rudolph did. They\\nhave three children. When he first came here he commenced to work\\nin a brickyard, and followed this business about three years; then he\\nwas engaged by Mr. John Long in attending bar, and from there he\\nentered into business for himself, which he has continued since. Mr.\\nRudolph was alderman of Germantown, and filled that office with\\ncredit. In 1872 he made a trip to Germany, to see his old friends.\\nMr. Rudolph keeps a model saloon and restaurant, and a first-class\\nstock of wines and liquors.\\nJohn E. Davis, Danville, proprietor of J. E. Davis coal mines, was\\nborn in South Wales on the 15th of April, 1826 his father was William\\nDavis, a coal miner in South Wales. Mr. Davis commenced work in\\nthe coal mines when he was about eight years old, working with his\\nfather. In 1838 he sailed on the ship Tobarious for America, and\\nlanded in Baltimore, Maryland. He was first engaged in working in\\nthe coal mines in that state, and remained there some four or five\\nyears, his father then moving on a farm where he was part of the time\\nengaged in farming, and part of the time working in the coal mines.\\nHe went to Ohio, and was working in the coal mines near Youngs-\\ntown, and after this he worked in the coal mines in different parts of the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 447\\ncountry, on the Alleghany and Ohio rivers, where he remained until\\n1865. When he came to Danville he worked for A. C. Daniel some\\nseven years, and then purchased ground and commenced mining for\\nhimself. He owns eight acres of land where his coal shaft is, which\\nwas sunk in 1878 employs from six to seven men, and is able to mine\\nfrom ten to twelve tons per day, for which he finds sale in Danville and\\nvicinity. Mr. Davis was in the late war and did good service, enlist-\\ning in the 97th Ohio Vol. Inf., as private in Co. F, for three }^ears\\nparticipating in the battle of Murfreesborough and several skirmishes.\\nHe was detailed to carry the wounded from the battlefield, and in\\ncarrying one of his wounded comrades he slipped and strained the\\nmain artery of his stomach, which was very painful to him, and he\\nstates that to-day he suffers from the effects of it. He was then trans-\\nferred to the 1st Battalion 7th Veterans, Co. B, and stationed at Wash-\\nington, D. C, and was honorably mustered out in 1865. He married\\nMartha McNabb, of Coshocton county, Ohio. Mr. Davis has been\\ntreasurer and a member of the board of trustees of South Danville.\\nAlexander Moore, Danville, was born in the county of Kildare, Ire-\\nland, on the 19th of December, 1843, and is the son of Richard and\\nMary Ann (Hannagen) Moore, of Ireland. His father was a farmer,\\nand here Mr. Moore spent his bojmood days. In about 1852 his\\nparents sailed for America, and located in Brazil, Indiana. Here his\\nfather died in 1875. His mother is still living at Brazil. Mr. Moore\\nremained in Ireland until 1865, when he emigrated to America, came\\nwest and located at Danville, in which place he has been a resident\\never since. When he first came here he was engaged in weighing coal\\nfor Chandler Donlon for about two years. He was then bookkeeper\\nfor Patrick Carey for some five or six years. He then started a sample\\nand billiard room, which business he has carried on ever since. Mr.\\nMoore was married in Danville, in 1872, to Miss Mary Doyle, of\\nCounty Clare, Ireland. They have two children. Mr. Moore was\\nelected a member of the city board of education in 1877, and still\\nretains the office.\\nJ. G. Holden, Danville, lumber dealer, was born in Charlestown,\\nSullivan county, New Hampshire, on the 3d of June, 1835, and is the\\nson of Richard Holden, a native of New Hampshire, who was engaged\\nin the dry-goods business in Charlestown. His mother was Sophia\\n(Allen) Holden, also a native of New Hampshire. In 1851 Mr.\\nHolden, with his parents, came west to Illinois, and located in Winne-\\nbago county. His parents moved then to Kane count} and from there\\nto Chicago. Mr. Holden entered a dry-goods store in Winnebago\\ncounty and filled the position of clerk about four years. He was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "448 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nalso a clerk in a grocery store in New York state. In 1861 he went\\nto Dayton, Ohio, and was married to Edena Vanburen, of Genesee\\ncounty, New York. By this marriage they have had four children, one\\ndeceased. After his marriage he returned to New York state, and then\\nwent to Defiance, Ohio, where he entered the grocery business. He\\nremained there about four years, and in 1865 came to Danville, and\\nhas been a resident here ever since. In 1865 he entered the lumber\\nbusiness, and to-day is one of the leading lumber merchants of this\\nvicinity. We may say here, he has represented the people in Danville\\nin a great many public offices, and has always proven himself a man\\nof acknowledged ability. He was a member of the city council two\\nyears. In 1872 the people of Danville township elected him super-\\nvisor of Danville township, which office he has held ever since. He was\\na member of the city board of education for two years. He has held\\nall the prominent offices of the Agricultural Society. In 1878 he was\\nelected by the republican party a member of the state legislature. He\\nwas appointed one of the committee on finance, insurance and drain-\\nage. Mr. Holden, when supervisor, was chairman of the building\\ncommittee that built the new court-house and jail of Vermilion county.\\nMr. Holden s political opinions are republican.\\nGeorge Dudenhofer, Danville, cigar manufacturer, was born in\\nHesse Providence, Germany, in 1834. He learned the trade of a\\ncigar-maker in Germany. In 1856, with his parents, he emigrated to\\nAmerica and landed in New York city. He came west to Indiana,\\nand located in Fort Wayne, where he remained about two years, when\\nhe went to La Fayette, and there he remained about one year. Here\\nhe was married to Elizabeth Burkley, of Germany, who came to America\\nwhen she about eleven years old. By this union they have five chil-\\ndren. In 1859 they went to Alton, and there remained one year and\\nthen returned to La Fayette, and in 1865 came to Danville. Here Mr.\\nDudenhofer has remained ever since. He employs four hands in the\\nmanufacture of cigars, and has made as high as twenty thousand in one\\nyear, and paid to the government $14,000 taxes on cigars for the same\\nlength of time. He finds sale for his goods in this vicinity. Mr. Du-\\ndenhofer enlisted in the 76th Indiana, and was in the campaign after\\nthe guerrilla John Morgan. His parents were George and Eliza Duden-\\nhofer. His father died in Germany and his mother died in Fort\\nWayne, Indiana.\\nJ. L. Hill, Danville, contractor and builder, for about twenty-three\\nyears a resident of Edgar and this county, is a native of Washington\\ncounty, Pennsylvania. During his early life he had but little opportu-\\nnity of getting an education, there being nothing but the old subscrip-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 449\\ntion school system then in vogue, and he not having the advantage of\\neven this but about nine months altogether. He, for some time before\\ncoming west, was engaged in the mercantile trade. This he gave up\\non account of ill health. In 1856 he located in Edgar county, Illinois,\\nin what is now Ross township, where for about ten years he was\\nengaged in farming. While a resident of Edgar he was drafted for the\\narmy of the war of 1861-65, but on account of disability was rejected,\\nvery much against his wishes, as the entreaty of his family and friends\\nhad only kept him from enlisting long before. While a resident ot\\nPennsylvania he had learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner. This\\nfor several years has been of advantage to him, though it is but for the\\npast year or two that he has built much for other parties, most of his\\ntime being occupied by building residences upon his own city property,\\nof which he owns considerable. This, as well as all his property, has\\nbeen the result of his own energy and good financiering.\\nS. H. Riggs, Danville, of the firm of Riggs Menig, woolen man-\\nufacturers, is now about thirty-five years old, and a wide-awake, shrewd\\nbusiness man. His native place is Gallipolis, Ohio. He has been\\na resident of this place for about thirteen years, and has thus far been\\ndependent upon his own resources in the accumulating of property, of\\nwhich, if we may judge by appearances and reports, he has succeeded\\nvery well. He is a thoroughly practical man in the manufacture of\\nwoolen goods, having had about ten years experience in the business.\\nPrevious to becoming interested in the Danville mills he was in a mill\\nat Perrysville, Indiana. He first became interested in this mill in con-\\nnection with a brother, in 1875, they renting the mill and running it\\ntogether for about one year. He then managed it alone for one year,\\nand then formed the partnership now existing. Mr. Riggs spends the\\nmost of his time at the factory which he superintends. In connection\\nwith the factory they have two well-stocked stores, one located near\\nthe mill and the other on West Main street. These come more par-\\nticularly under the care of Mr. Menig. Their soap business is probabl} 7\\nof more importance than many of the citizens of Danville are aware of.\\nThey are manufacturing four different brands, and shipping quite large\\nquantities to Indiana, Ohio and through Illinois. They have* also\\nshipped some as far as Colorado. They are already classed among the\\nleading business houses of Danville. By their energy, industry and\\ngood financiering they have established a business of which they may\\nwell be proud.\\nJ. W. Elliott, Danville, bookkeeper, Vermilion County Bank, is a\\nnative of Chester county, Pennsylvania, though when he was one year\\nold his people moved to Warren county, Ohio. This was in 1831. In\\n29", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "450 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1842 he went to Shelby county, Indiana, and from there to Indianapo-\\nlis, where he learned the trade of a printer with Messrs. Gr. A. and J.\\nP. Chapman, state printers, and publishers of the Sentinel. In 1861\\nhe entered the army as chief clerk of Captain H. H. Boggess, A. Q. M.\\nIn 1864 he was appointed paymaster, which position he held until he\\nwas mustered out of the service, in August of 1865. In 1866 he\\nengaged in the dry-goods trade in Danville, which he followed until\\n1871, when he went to the village of Hoopeston, Vermilion county,\\nwhich was then just being founded. Mr. Elliott erected the third house\\never built in that city. He remained there but about one year, when\\nhe returned to Danville and engaged in the grocery trade, which he\\nfollowed until December of 1878. He then sold out and accepted the\\nposition of book-keeper in the Vermilion County Bank, where we at\\npresent find him, a man whose reputation is above reproach, and whose\\nword is as good as his bond.\\nJohn W. Lowell, of Danville, Illinois, although a young man at this\\ntime, has an extensive and valuable experience. He was born at\\nNoblesville, Indiana, on the 16th of January, 1846. His parents\\n(Andrew J. and Nancy Lowell) soon afterward removed from thence\\nto their old home in Brown county, Ohio, four miles north of the city\\nof Maysville, Kentucky, where the family resided but a short time, again\\nremoving to Bentonville, Adams county, Ohio, for a permanent home.\\nJohn was about three years old at this time. The most of his boyhood\\nyears were spent in school, where he learned rapidly, always being\\namong the first in his class. When the cloud of war burst upon the\\ncountry he was eager to join the Union forces but, being young and\\ndelicate, did not rind an opportunity to get into the ranks until in 1863,\\nwhen he joined the 4th Ohio Battalion of Cavalry, under Col. Wheeler.\\nHe served in Kentucky and east Tennessee in scouting expeditions\\nuntil mustered out in 1864, at Cincinnati, Ohio. He was home only a\\nfew weeks when he again enlisted in the 173d O. Vol. Inf., and Sep-\\ntember, 1864, the regiment encamped at Nashville, Tennessee. Here\\nhe was soon detailed by Gen. Miller, commanding the post, as a clerk\\nin his headquarters. His regiment was afterward ordered to Johnson-\\nville, on the Tennessee river; he therefore resigned his position at\\nheadquarters and went with the regiment, where he received a respon-\\nsible position at the hands of Col. Hurd, which he held until discharged,\\nafter the close of the war, at Camp Dennison, Ohio, in July, 1865.\\nAfter his discharge he spent a few weeks among his friends in Adams\\ncounty, and then bid adieu to the scenes of childhood, for a home in\\nthe west, landing in September of that year in Lafayette, Indiana,\\nwhere he taught a winter school. He arrived in Danville on the 1st", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 451\\nof March, 1866, and on the same day John C. Short, county clerk, en-\\ngaged his services. The first work he did for Mr. Short was to prepare\\na set of abstract records of the lands in Vermilion county, and which\\nare now owned by A. Martin, after which Mr. Short appointed him\\ndeput} r county clerk. He remained in the county clerk s office for\\nnearly three years, afterward serving with Mr. Dillon as his deputy\\ncircuit clerk from the 1st of February, 1869, to the 1st of December,\\n1876. He was a very efficient and accommodating officer, a splendid\\npenman, quick and accurate in his work. Thus has Mr. Lowell served\\nnot only his country well, but also the people of his county, devoting\\nto them the most valuable period of a young man s life (that from\\nseventeen to thirty). After leaving the clerk s office he read law in the\\noffice of Mr. Townsend, of this city, and was admitted to practice law\\nat Springfield, in January of 1878. In politics Mr. Lowell is a repub-\\nlican, and he cast his first vote for Lincoln, while in the army. Lie has\\nbeen a member of the M. E. Church since he was nine years of age.\\nCertain it is that so far Mr. Lowell s life has been full of labor and use-\\nfulness, and the prospects in the future are bright, and we wish him all\\nthe success which a young man of talents, character and energy deserves\\nto have. At present he has a law and abstract office opposite the First\\nNational Bank, Danville, Illinois.\\nThere are employed in the coal mines of Vermilion county about\\nsix hundred men, and John Timm used to be one of this kind of work-\\nmen, but by economy and good management he saved money enough\\nto engage in business. He now has a neat little grocery store located\\non College street, between South and Main, where he is doing a fair\\nbusiness, in connection with which he runs a delivery wagon. He is a\\nnative of Prussia. He came to the United States in 1866, and stopped\\nat New York for a short time, and then came west and located at Dan-\\nville, where he began working in the coal mines, which business he\\nfollowed for eleven years, being laid up one year with the rheu-\\nmatism. Nine years of the time he was engaged in laying track in the\\nmines, and the last two years he enjoyed the responsibilities of boss.\\nHe was married in 1870. His wife, whose name previous to their mar-\\nriage was Dora Wanderlich, is a native of Germany also.\\nE. C. Abdill, of the firm of Abdill Bros., hardware dealers, Dan-\\nville, is a native of Vermilion county, Indiana, his old home being\\nPerrysville, where he was born on the 14th of May, 1840. In 1861,\\nwhen he was twenty-one years old, he entered the Federal army of the\\nwar of 1861-65. He enlisted in Co. B, 11th Ind. Inf., Col. L. Wal-\\nlace. For eighteen months he was with Gen. Grant, he and three\\nother parties having charge of the dispatches and mail. After serving", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "452 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthis length of time he was appointed assistant adjutant-general of the\\n23d army corps. During his service he passed through many of the\\nheavy battles, among which may be mentioned the battle of Fort Don-\\nelson and those of Vicksburg, Dalton, Buzzard s Roost, Peachtree\\nCreek, Lost Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, and many others of the\\nAtlanta campaign. He remained in the service a little over three\\nyears, when he resigned on account of ill-health. Upon returning\\nfrom the army he became a resident of Danville for a short time, being\\nengaged in the provost marshal s office. In 1866 he went to Fair-\\nmount, and engaged in the hardware trade. This he continued until\\n1868, when he came to Danville, and engaged in business with his\\nbrother. His wife, who was a Miss Peters, was the daughter of Judge\\nPeters, one of the first judges and early settlers of Vermilion county.\\nJames C. Thompson, Danville, machinist, is a native of Wayne\\ncounty, Indiana, and was born in 1836. He has had twenty-five years\\nexperience as a machinist, having learned the trade in Logansport, In-\\ndiana, serving a three years apprenticeship. He first came to Vermil-\\nion county in 1866, coming to accept the position of foreman, which\\nhe filled for five years. He then was engaged in the business of gas-\\nfitting for about the same length of time, and in 1877 bought an inter-\\nest in the Great Western Machine Works. Some time afterward Mr.\\nPollard became a partner. They are now one of the leading manu-\\nfacturing firms of the city. They are still doing an extensive business\\nin the gas-fitting line, though their specialty is steam engines and mill\\nmachinery. Their engine is about forty-horse power, and in all they\\nemploy about fourteen men. Mr. Thompson is one of the honorable\\nbusiness men of the city, who, by a just and fair treatment of all men,\\nhas won for himself a name and reputation that perhaps may outlive\\nhim in the memory of the better class of citizens of Danville and Ver-\\nmilion county.\\nThere is probably no man engaged in the milling trade in Vermil-\\nion county who is better or more favorably known in connection with\\nthe milling trade than Mr. Samuel Bowers, the subject of this sketch.\\nSince his residence in Danville he has erected two large fiouring-mills,\\nknown as the Amber and City Mills, an illustration of each appearing\\nin this work. He is a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania,\\nthough he left there at the age of seven years and went with his people\\nto Richland county, Ohio. This was in 1846. He remained a resi-\\ndent of Ohio until after he had arrived at man s estate. While there\\nhe learned the miller s trade. He has made two trips to California,\\ngoing first by water about the year 1865, and returning via the Platte\\nRiver route. He went back to Ohio, where he again engaged in the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 453\\nmill business for a time, and in 1866 came to Danville, where he has\\nsince resided, except a short time in 1874, when he, with his family,\\nmade a second trip to California, returning the same year. He fin-\\nished building the City Mills, which he is now running, in 1875.\\nDuring the four years since it has been completed it has never stood\\nidle a single day for want of work. The mill has four run of stone,\\nwith a capacity of five barrels per hour. He gives employment to\\nabout six men. He has also built two very fine residence buildings in\\nthe city one corner of Depot and North, and the other where he now*\\nresides, corner Franklin and Harrison streets. During the war of\\n1861-65 he entered the Federal army, enlisting the first time in the\\n32d Ohio Inf. the second time in the 82d.\\nJ. B. Mann, Danville, attorney-at-law, is perhaps known throughout\\nthis vicinity as well as any attorney of the Vermilion county bar. He\\nwas born in Somerville, New Jersey, on the 9th of November, 1843,\\nand is the son of John M. Mann, who was a native of Pennsylvania,\\nand a prominent attorney of Somerville, New Jersey, where he was\\nelected to the legislature for two terms and refused the nomination for\\ncongress. His mother, Eliza (Bonnell) Mann, was a native of New\\nJersey. Mr. Mann, the subject of our sketch, received his principal\\neducation in New Jersey, where he graduated from one of the leading\\ncolleges of that state. In 1865 he entered the Michigan University of\\nAnn Arbor, and graduated from the law-school in 1866. He then came\\nto Danville, and here entered the office of Judge O. L. Davis. In\\n1867 he was admitted to practice law at the Illinois state bar. He asso-\\nciated himself with Judge E. S. Terry. When this firm dissolved Mr.\\nMann formed a partnership with Judge O. L. Davis, and since then\\nhe has formed a partnership with W. J. Calhoun and D. C. Frazier,\\nforming the law-firm of Mann, Calhoun Frazier, which is one of the\\nstrongest of Vermilion county. Mr. Mann, in 1867, was elected city\\nattorney of Danville, and was the first that Danville had. His political\\nopinions are democratic. Mr. Mann was married in 1874, to Miss\\nLucy A. Davis, daughter of Judge O. L. Davis, and by this union they\\nhave two children.\\nDavid Mayer, Danville, farmer, was born in Wedenburg, Germany,\\non the 7th of March, 1826. He came to America in 1851 and went to\\nSandusky, Ohio, where he met a sister. He was married in Sandusky,\\nto Annie Shroder, of Hanover, Germany. With his wife and sister he\\nwent to St. Louis, Missouri, where his wife died. He then went to\\nIllinois, and worked at the carpenter s trade. From there he went to\\nMissouri, locating on two hundred acres of land. He returned to Illi-\\nnois, and then went to Kansas and located in Anderson county, near", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "454 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nGreeley. Mr. Mayer was in the late war, and did good service. He\\nenlisted in the 2d Kansas Battery as bugler, and served for three years.\\nThis battery did noble service. He remained in Kansas some fifteen\\nand a half years, and had some experience with the grasshoppers, which\\ncaused such havoc in Kansas. Mr. Mayer states, however, that the\\ngrasshoppers bothered him but little. Mr. Mayer was engaged in farming\\nthree hundred and twenty acres of land. He was married the second\\ntime, to Rosie Fritz, of Wedenburg, Germany. They have five chil-\\ndren Rosie, Caroline, Fredericks, David and Annie. Mr. Mayer is\\nbugler of Battery A, 1st Brigade Illinois National Guards.\\nCharles Hesse, Danville, proprietor of the Hesse House, was born\\nin Germany on the 18th of March, 1833, and came to America and\\nlanded in New York city in 1855. Mr. Hesse was engaged in farming\\nin German} 7 His father, Trangott Hesse, was a very prominent man\\nin Germany. He was assessor and collector. Mr. Hesse came to Amer-\\nica with about $500, and came west to Illinois, locating in Scott county,\\nwhere he had a brother in the confectionery business. Here Mr. Hesse\\nremained about six years, engaged at work in a brickyard, and also\\nlearning the trade of a brick-mason. In 1861 he enlisted in the army,\\nand participated in the late war. He enlisted for three years in the\\n4th Mo. Cav., Co. C, as orderly-sergeant. He participated in twenty-\\nsix severe battles, such as Pea Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga,\\nsiege of Corinth, Iuka, Dallas, Resaca, Farmingtown, etc. He never\\nreceived a wound, but had two horses shot from under him. His\\nbrother, Fred Hesse, was a brave soldier. He enlisted in the 129th 111.\\nVol. Inf., and was in the battle of Resaca when the 129th was making\\na charge on the rebels intrenchments. He was planting the Union\\nflag on the fortifications, and was shot dead. Mr. Hesse, our subject,\\nwas honorably mustered out of service. He then went to St. Louis, and\\nat that place and Lincoln, Logan county, Illinois, was engaged at his\\ntrade of brickmaker and contractor. He then came to Danville, where\\nhe was engaged at his trade and contracting. He has contracted and\\nbuilt some of the finest buildings in Danville. Mr. Hesse was made a\\nmember of the I.O.O.F. in 1864 at Lincoln, Illinois, and to-day is one\\nof the leading Odd-Fellows of Illinois. He is a member of the Grand\\nLodge of the state. He was married in St. Louis, to Lena Dhuernan,\\nof Germany. By this union they have six children.\\nMr. A. C. Garland, Danville, proprieter of the Stone Steam Saw-\\nMill and Tile Factory, was born in New Hampshire, where he learned\\nthe trade of a stone-mason. He was engaged east at his trade and was\\na large bridge contractor on the Erie railroad. He also superintended\\nthe stonework in the erection of the water-works reservoir at Brook-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 455\\nlyn, New York. Mr. Garland came to Danville in 1866, and since his\\nresidence here has built and contracted for stonework on some of the\\nprominent bridges in Vermilion county. He in 1875 erected the pres-\\nent steam stone saw-mill, and since then most of the best business\\nhouses and private residences in this vicinity have been furnished with\\nstone from his establishment. Recently Mr. Garland has established a\\ntile factory, size 210 x 20, where he is able to turn out the finest quality\\nof tile at from two to eight inches in size. His capacity in the manu-\\nfacture of tile is six thousand per day. He has all the latest improve-\\nments, and when in full blast employs ten men. He is also engaged\\nin the manufacture of brick of a superior quality. Mr. Garland s son,\\nIra, is engineer of the steam saw-mill.\\nAugust Blankenburg, Danville, jeweler, was born in Prussia, Ger-\\nmany, on the 12th of October, 1845, and is the son of Frederick W.\\nand Catharine (Torge) Blankenburg, of Germany. When Mr. Blank-\\nenburg was fourteen years old he commenced to learn the jewelry trade\\nin Stettin, Germany, and served an apprenticeship of four years. He\\nfollowed his profession up to 1866, when he embarked for America.\\nHe came direct to Danville, Illinois, and commenced work in the em-\\nploy of S. N. Monroe. He then went to Kansas and worked about six\\nyears at his trade in Baxter Springs. He returned to Danville in 1874\\nand commenced the jewelry business in the present establishment,\\nwhich is located at 60 Vermilion street, where may be found a full line\\nof watches, clocks and jewelry.\\nIn the line of sporting goods Mr. John Schario, the gunsmith of\\nDanville, is the principal dealer. His establishment is located at No.\\n124 East Main street. Here he has on hand a full line of guns of all\\ndescriptions (except cannon), ammunition, fishing tackle, and in fact\\neverything pertaining to his line of trade. He is a native of Dansville,\\nNew York. The early part of his life, or until he had become a man,\\nwas spent in different parts of the United States and Canada. It was\\nat Waterloo, Canada, that he learned the trade of a locksmith. This\\nbeing so closely related to the gunsmith trade he very readily mastered\\nthe latter. In 1867 he became a resident of Danville, and engaged in\\nthe manufacture and sale of sporting goods. His sales will probably ag-\\ngregate |3,000 or $3,500 per year. In 1876 he was elected a member (if\\nthe city council, and again in 1878 he was called upon to fill the same\\noffice. This is the second term and third year that he has been a coun-\\ncilman. He is one of that class of men who do not make so much fuss\\nand noise over their affairs, but go quietly about their own businesSj\\nbut nevertheless a citizen whose word may be depended upon and\\nwhose influence is felt.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "456 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nA. J. Cox, the leading blacksmith of Danville, is a native of La\\nFayette, Indiana, where he was born on the 12th of February, 1839.\\nAt the age of sixteen years he began learning the trade of a blacksmith\\nand wagon manufacturer. This he followed as a business until 1863,\\nwhen he entered the army, enlisting in Co. A, 76th Ind. Vol. Inf.,\\nthree-years service. In 1865 he veteranized, which connected him with\\nCo. B, 37th regiment. He remained in the service until the close of\\nthe war. He was in many heavy battles, among which we mention\\nthe siege of Yicksburg, battle of Jackson, Mississippi, and that of Mo-\\nbile, Alabama. After the close of the war he came to Danville, where\\nhe has since remained.\\nThe Amber mills were built in 1866 by Bowers Shellebarger, burned\\nin 1875, and were rebuilt by S. Bowers Co. In 1878, when it came\\ninto the hands of the present proprietor, Mr. D. Gregg, it was what is\\nknown as a four-run mill. Mr. Gregg has remodeled and changed the\\nmill to six run of stone, and to what is known as the patent process of\\nmanufacturing flour. This patent process is to make as large a quantity of\\nmiddlings as possible, and these, after regrinding and passing through\\nseveral processes of purifying, furnish a much finer grade of flour than\\nthat obtained by the first grinding. Mr. Gregg is also engaged quite ex-\\ntensively in the grain trade, buying about 250,000 bushels per year.\\nIn all he gives employment to about twenty men regularly, sometimes\\nthere being more than this number. He pays out to these about $15,000\\nper annum. Since his residence in Danville he has invested about\\n$20,000 in buildings, the ^Etna House block being one which he built.\\nHe was born in the north of Ireland in 1831. There he received a good\\neducation, and in 1850, when nineteen years old, came to the United\\nStates. From this date until 1867 he was engaged in different kinds\\nof business enterprises, and in different states. From 1853 to 1866 he\\nwas engaged in the dry-goods trade in Bluffton, Ohio. In 1867 he\\ncame to Danville and began buying grain, and has now been running\\nthe Amber mills about one year. He is one of the self-made men of\\nDanville, having been dependent upon his own resources in the accu-\\nmulation of property, and is now well known as one of the substantial\\nmen of Danville.\\nD. M. Gurley, Danville, retired, was born in Bennington county,\\nVermont, in 1808. When he was twelve years old his people moved\\nto what they then termed the western frontier Oswego county, New\\nYork. Here the early part of his life was spent. His chances for\\nschooling were very poor, though by close attention he acquired a good\\neducation. In 1853 he moved to Quincy, Michigan. He remained a\\nresident of that place until coming to Dauville in 1867. During his", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 457\\nresidence in Oswego county he became the first abolitionist of the\\ncomity, but becoming somewhat disgusted with the political move-\\nments of the day, he for eleven years refused to cast a vote. His busi-\\nness for many years was that of a hide and leather dealer. He continued\\nin this until the change in the financial prospects of the country, in\\n1873, when he closed out, and has not since been actively engaged in\\nbusiness.\\nJudge J. W. Stansbury, Danville, justice, was born in the city of\\nNew York in 1808, where he remained a resident until twelve years\\nold. Then he became a resident of New Haven, and afterward became\\na graduate of the schools at Schenectady. At the age of twenty-five\\nyears he began reading law at Geneva; went to New York city to be\\nexamined, and was admitted to the bar, after which he went back to\\nGeneva and practiced his profession for three years. From there he\\nwent to Detroit, Michigan, where he remained but a short time, and\\nthen went to Livingston county, Michigan, where he remained a resi-\\ndent for about sixteen years. While a resident of this county he was\\nelected to the office of probate judge, which office he filled for four\\nyears. From Livingston county he went to New York again, locating\\nat Ithaca, where he resided about fifteen years, and in 1867 came to\\nDanville. Two years after he came he was elected justice of the peace,\\nwhich office he has now held for ten years. In 1838 he was married to\\nMiss L. Dudgeon, of New Hartford, New York. By this union they\\nhave had a family of five children.\\nIn 1867 Mr. A. L. Webster, of Danville, in company with G. B.\\nYeomans, engaged in the hardware trade in Danville. They remained\\nin business together about four years, when G. B. sold his interest in the\\nbusiness to his brother, Charles T. Yeomans. This firm continued to do\\nbusiness together about three years, when they dissolved partnership, Mr.\\nYeomans taking the light and shelf hardware, and Mr. Webster retain-\\ning the heavy. From this time until February of 1879 he was engaged\\nin the heavy hardware trade, which is almost entirely a jobbing trade.\\nAt the date above mentioned he sold out to the firm of Giddings\\nPatterson, they becoming his successors and occupying a new building\\nwhich he has just completed, located at the corner of Main and Frank-\\nlin streets. Mr. Webster is a native of Ashtabula county, Ohio. For\\nsixteen years he has been engaged in the hardware trade, a part of this\\ntime in Ohio and at Aurora, Illinois. At present he is engaged in set-\\ntling up old accounts relating to his business in Danville.\\nL. T. Dickason, the present mayor of the city of Danville, is a native\\nof Marion county, Ohio, where most of his early life was spent. In 1861\\nhe entered the Federal army, in the war of 1861-5, enlisting in Co. H,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "458 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n4th Ohio, three-months service. After serving this term he reenlisted\\nin Co. D, 64th Ohio, three-years service. He participated in many of\\nthe heavy battles, being engaged at the battles of Shiloh, Perry ville,\\nStone River, the siege of Corinth and the battle of Chickamanga, being\\nseverely wounded at the battle of Chickamanga, on account of which he\\nw;is discharged from further service, though he had served nearly his\\nfull term of enlistment. In 1867 he came to Vermilion county, where\\nhe has since resided, being one among the most active business men of\\nthe county. For a time he was engaged in buying and shipping grain,\\nbeing located at Fainnount. Moving from there to Danville, he soon\\nbecame very popular politically, and is now enjoying his third term\\nof mayorship. He is also very extensively engaged in the coal and\\ntimber trade, in company with Charles L. English. They give in all\\nemployment to about four hundred men, their timber contracts with\\nthe different railroad companies amounting to hundreds of thousands\\nper year, and extending over several different states.\\nCharles W. Gregory, postmaster of Danville, is a native of Bloom-\\nville, Delaware county, New York. He was born on the 11th of No-\\nvember, 1833. His father, Henry W. Gregory, was born in New\\nBedford, Westchester county, New York, where he served for many\\nyears at the trade of a blacksmith and carriage-maker. He made the\\nfirst blister-steel axes in New York state. These celebrated Max-\\nwell Gregory axes, are known all over the country. He followed\\nfarming in his latter days. He was in the war of 1812 as fife-major.\\nHe died in Danville, Vermilion county, on the 18th of September,\\n1873, at the age of seventy-nine. When Mr. Gregory, our subject, was\\nbut ten years old his father moved on a farm, where he remained until\\nhe was about seventeen years old, when he was connected with a sur-\\nveying party as roadsman, in surveying the New York Erie railroad.\\nHe followed surveying about four years; he lost one eye from this.\\nMr. Gregory gave up surveying, and then commenced to learn tele-\\ngraphing. He went to Canada and served the Great Western railroad\\nas telegraph operator about three years and a half, and then, in 1856,\\nhe came to Illinois and went to Springfield, where he was engaged in\\nhelping to erect a telegraph line from Tolono to Danville. He then\\nreceived an appointment as telegraph operator at Danville, also acting\\nas express and ticket agent. Here he remained about one year, and\\nthen accepted a similar position at State Line, where he remained until\\n1862, when he received from Abraham Lincoln an appointment as mail\\nagent on the Toledo Wabash railroad, running from State Line to\\nSpringfield. He held this position about five years and a half, when\\nhe came to Danville and entered the mercantile business, which he", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 459\\ncontinued up to 1873. In 1875 he was appointed by Gen. U. S. Grant\\npostmaster of Danville. This position he has held ever since. Mr.\\nGregory was married in 1805, to Miss Charlotte A. Neher, of New\\nYork, daughter of Anther Neher. By this marriage they have had\\nthree children, one of whom is deceased.\\nWilliam C. McReynolds, Danville, book-keeper in the Danville\\nMills, was born in Edgar county, Illinois, on the 16th of September,\\n1825, and is the son of the Rev. John W. and Lean (Morgan) McRey-\\nnolds. His father was a Methodist preacher, and was born in Culpepper\\ncounty, Virginia. From there he moved to Allen county, Kentucky,\\nand then to Indiana. He then removed to Edgar county, Illinois,\\nwhere he was among the first settlers of that county. When Mr. Mc-\\nReynolds was but a few months old his parents moved to Indiana and\\nremained there until he was ten years old, when they returned to Edgar\\ncounty. Here he remained until he was about twenty-four years old,\\nwhen he embarked in the mercantile business in Paris, Illinois, and\\nTerre Haute, Indiana. He then went to Rushville, where he was\\nmade cashier of the Rushville Bank, a branch of the Indiana State\\nBank. Here he remained about seven years. He then went to Chicago,\\nwhere he embarked in the commission business, which he followed\\nabout one year, when he came to Danville, in 1867, and here entered\\nthe coal business. He then went into the mill business, in which he is\\nnow engaged as book-keeper in the Danville Mills. This is one of the\\nlargest flour mills in this vicinity, and was erected by Daniel Kyger.\\nN. Henderson Sons commenced building it in 1854, and it was com-\\npleted in 1856; this was the first steam flour mill in Danville, and the\\nsecond one in Vermilion county. Mr. McReynolds is a democrat in\\npolitics. He was elected alderman in 1875, and reelected in 1877-79.\\nHe married in Danville to Miss Elizabeth M. Pearson, of New York,\\ndaughter of the Hon. John Pearson. By this marriage they have\\nnine children five boys and four girls.\\nMary Gattermann, Danville, proprietor of the garden on the Cov-.\\nington road, was born in Germany, on the 25th of August, 1845, and is\\nthe wife of the late William Gattermann, who was born in German}^ in\\n1835, came to America in 1857 and landed in New York. He was en-\\ngaged in the manufacture of soda-water. In 1867 he came west with\\nhis wife and located in Danville. Here they remained until 1871,\\nwhen they went to New York, and afterward returned to Danville and\\npurchased the present place, where he commenced to make improve-\\nments. He first paid some three hundred dollars for the property;\\nsince then he made all ^.the improvements, amounting to some five or\\nsix thousand dollars. He was^a soldier in the late war, and did good", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "460 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nservice; he was also a soldier of the New York state militia, being a\\nmember of the 3d New York Militia he was also a member of the\\nGerman Aid Society and a member of the Turn Yerein Society. He\\ndied in 1878, and was buried on the 1st of January.\\nErnest and L. Blankenburg, Danville, proprietors of the iEtna\\nHouse saloon and billiard room, were born in Germany. Ernest\\nBlankenburg was born on the 6th ot October, 1843. He emigrated to\\nAmerica and landed in New York in 1867, and came direct to Dan-\\nville, first commencing w r ork as a clerk in a dry-goods store. Here he\\nremained about four years, when he entered the saloon business. L.\\nBlankenburg was born on the 11th of July, 1853, and emigrated to\\nAmerica in 1867. He came direct to Danville and commenced clerk-\\ning in a retail grocery store, and afterward in a wholesale grocery house.\\nFrom there he entered the saloon business in company with his brother.\\nThese gentlemen keep one of the leading saloons and billiard rooms in\\nthe city, located in the basement of the ^Etna House.\\nH. A. Coffeen, the enterprising bookseller of Danville, was born in\\nGallia county, Ohio, on the 14th of February, 1841, being now thirty-\\neight years old. His parents, Alvah P. and Olive Coffeen, have lived\\nin Champaign county, Illinois, on a farm near Homer, since 1852.\\nThey gave their children a good collegiate education, and this, with\\ngood habits and character, was the stock with which they started in life.\\nHenry A. Coffeen, the second son, whose portrait appears in this\\nwork, started for himself at the age of eighteen as a school teacher,\\nusing such means as he could thus earn in furnishing his scien-\\ntific course, receiving his diploma at the age of twenty-two. He con-\\ntinued teaching, at constantly advancing salaries, until he was twenty-\\nseven years old, lastly at Hiram College, in Ohio, as teacher of natural\\nsciences, and at Bement, Illinois, as superintendent of a fine graded\\nschool that he developed at that place. We extract the following\\nreference to Mr. Coffeen s singular abilities as an educator from Judge\\nSpeare s History of Bement 1 Mr. Coffeen was a superior instructor\\nfor young men and young ladies. The course of study was most thor-\\nough and diversified. All his plans of inculcation were of a character\\nto lead the student of abstruse science interestingly on, affording a wide\\nrange of thought, giving strength and vigor to mind, and with his\\npleasant, forcible and peculiar faculty drove the roots of moral and sci-\\nentific subjects so deeply into the minds of the most stupid, that the\\nsame could not be eradicated but to-day his reflex influence is most\\nstrikingly apparent, and will reach far down into the future. Such\\nteachers are rectifiers of society, like a fountain of pure water sending\\nlimpid streams through fertile fields, from which many parched tongues", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 461\\nof the thirsty world may be slaked. This brief extract from Judge\\nSpeare s eulogy upon the character and abilities of Mr. Coffeen serves\\nalso to show the thoroughness and spirit with which he engages in what-\\never work there is before him. In an earnest, unflinching manner he\\nstands by the convictions of a clear head and pure purpose in every\\ndepartment of life, and considering this his success as a merchant has\\nbeen somewhat singular, for he turns neither to the right nor the left\\neither for men or parties, in his pursuance of what he believes to be right.\\nIt is generally found that less decided minds succeed best as merchants.\\nBesides building up one of the finest bookstores in the country, he has\\naccumulated some additional property, and is developing a fine fruit\\nfarm, or garden, on the north side of the city. He takes a lively inter-\\nest in the political movements of the times, but from an independent\\nstandpoint rather than as a partisan. He has been a member of the\\nGrand Lodge of Illinois Knights of Honor ever since it was organized,\\nand has for two years represented his state in the Supreme Lodge\\nmeetings at Nashville and Boston, commanding the respect and confi-\\ndence of the supreme assemblage as well as that of his own state. The\\nfirst history of Vermilion county, a little book of considerable merit,\\npublished in 1871, owes its publication to the pen and enterprise of\\nMr. Coffeen. Charles A. Pollock is now associated with him in the\\nbook business, and their store is one of the finest in the city, as will be\\nseen by reference to an interior view of their store, given on another\\npage of this work.\\nA. H. Doane, Danville, freight and ticket agent for the Wabash\\nroad, is a native of the State of Wisconsin. He has now been engaged\\nat the railroad business since 1862. His parents, F. W. and Angeline\\n(Holmes) Doane, were natives of the State of New York. His father\\nwas a railroad man, having first begun the business when roads were\\nbuilt with the old strap rail. He was killed while running a passenger\\ntrain over the same road with which A. H. is now connected, though\\nat that time it was known as the Great Western road. A. H. first\\nbegan the business at Tolono, Illinois, in the employ of the Illinois\\nCentral road. For a time he was on a switch-engine, and then did\\noffice work for awhile. From Tolono he went to State Line, and there\\nwas check clerk in the employ of what was then the Toledo, Wabash\\nWestern road. After a time he again entered the employ of the Illi-\\nnois Central road, though he remained with them but about one year.\\nQuitting the business of railroading, he tried hotel keeping, but in May,\\n1868, he accepted a position with the then Toledo, Wabash Western.\\nFor eleven years he has filled the position of ticket agent. In addition", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "462 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nto this he also does the freight business, his ticket receipts amounting to\\nabout $30,000 per year; the total receipts are about $180,000.\\nH. K. Gregory, Danville, dealer in railroad timber, though a young\\nman, has probably been as extensively engaged in contracting as any\\nman of his age in Vermilion county. Heis a native of Broome county,\\nNew York. In 1868 he, with his people, came west, locating at\\nDanville. His father died in 1871, aged seventy-nine years. His\\nmother now resides with him, and is now eighty-four years old. H. K.\\nand his brother, C. W. Gregory, were for several years associated to-\\ngether in furnishing large supplies of ties, posts, bridge timbers, etc., to\\nthe different lines of railroad in progress of construction. Among\\nthem was a contract for supplying the Indianapolis, Bloomington\\nWestern road, between Crawford sville and Urbana. They dissolved\\npartnership in 1872. Afterward Mr. H. K. Gregory became associated\\nwith J. Knight for three years in the same line of business. During\\nthis time they put out about six hundred thousand ties. This was on\\na contract in the construction of the L. B. M. R.R. He then did\\nbusiness alone until the winter of 1879, when Mr. W. H. Alexander\\nbecame his partner. Mr. Gregory is now a man but little past thirty\\nyears of age. His standing in the community as a business man and an\\nhonorable citizen cannot be questioned by any.\\nGeorge W. Abdill, Danville, hardware, was born in Warsaw, Ken-\\ntucky, in February, of 1838. When two years old he was taken by his\\npeople to Perrysville, Indiana, and there he remained a resident until he\\ncame to Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1868. His father, I. Abdill, who is\\nnow a resident of Danville, was one of the early settlers of Perrysville.\\nFor many years he was engaged in the hardware trade and in the man-\\nufacture of tinware, at which he used to do a large business, supplying\\nabout thirty-two points between Terre Haute and La Fayette, and em-\\nploying about ten men in the manufacture of this line of goods.\\nGeorge W. has been familiar with the hardware trade, as he says,\\nsince he has been large enough to black a stove. In later years he\\nbecame a partner with his father in the business, the firm being known\\nas I. Abdill Son this partnership lasting about ten years, or until\\nthe firm of Abdill Bros, began business in Danville in 1868. The\\nfirm is composed of George W. and E. C. Abdill, and they located at\\nNo. 57 Vermilion street where they have erected a fine building twenty-\\nthree feet front by one hundred deep, two floors and basement, all\\nwell stocked with goods in the line of hardware, stoves, tinware, oils,\\nglass, paints, etc. etc. George W. is a very active member of society,\\ngiving liberally to any enterprise pertaining to the public good and\\nespecially to the churches, he being a very active member of the M. E.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. -Hi-\\nChurch, and a man who has hosts of friends among all classes of\\npeople.\\nAnselm Sieferman, Danville, cigar manufacturer, was bora in\\nBaden, Germany, on the 10th of November, 1836, and is the son of\\nJoseph and Mary Ann (Adam) Sieferman, of German} 7 In 1853 he\\nstarted for America, and landed in New York on the 15th of August\\nof the same year. He came direct west and located in Cincinnati,\\nOhio, where he first commenced to work in a machine-shop, remaining\\nsome three years, when the shops closed. In 1861 he commenced in\\nthe tobacco business in Cincinnati, and followed this there until 1868,\\nwhen he came to Danville, which has been his home ever since. He\\nhere commenced the tobacco business, and has in his employ three\\nhands. In 1879 he was elected alderman of the first ward, which office\\nhe still holds. He was married on the 1st of September, 1859, to\\nAgatha Kreuzburg, of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. They have one\\nchild. Mr. Sieferman Jhas taken a very active part in the welfare of\\nthe city of Danville, and ranks as one of its leading German citizens.\\nW. E. Shedd, Danville, hardware merchant, of the firm of Yeomans\\nShedd, is a native of Ohio, and has now been in the hardware trade\\nabout ten years, most of which time has been spent in Danville. He\\nwas three years with the firm of Webster Yeomans two years with\\nthe hardware-jobbing house of Pratt Co., of Buffalo, New York,\\nand the present firm was organized in January, 1875. During the war\\nof 1861-5 he, at the age of sixteen years, entered the Union army, en-\\nlisting in Co. C, 15th Ohio Vol. Inf., three-years service. Like man} 7\\nanother Union soldier he has a tale to tell of southern prisons, he hav-\\ning with others spent five months in the famous Andersonville prison.\\nYeomans Shedd s business house is located on West Main street,\\nand is twenty feet front by one hundred deep, and stocked with a gen-\\neral line of hardware. They do not seem to complain of hard times or\\npoor trade, and the indications are that they are doing their share of\\nthe business that is done in Danville.\\nC. R. Dwight, Danville, dentist, though not the oldest of the\\ncity, is certainly one of the leading and most popular. His popu-\\nlarit} 7 has been earned by a straightforward, honorable course in his\\nprofessional life and by his pleasant and courteous treatment of his now\\nlarge circle of friends. He is a native of Cattaraugus county, New 7\\nYork, though he left there when quite small, and came west with\\nhis people, they locating in Peoria count} 7 Illinois. This was as early\\nas 1839. In 1858 he began the study of dentistry, but gave it up\\nto enter the Federal army in the war of 1861-5, enlisting in Co. B,\\n92d 111. Inf., three-years service, from Byron, Illinois. He served", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "464 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhis full term of enlistment, and returned to Illinois somewhat broken\\ndown on account of long and hard marching. Regaining; his health,\\nO CD CD O\\nhe again took up and finished the study of his profession at Rockford,\\nIllinois. He first began his practice in Rochelle, Illinois, in 1867, re-\\nmaining there two years, when he removed again, locating permanently\\nin Danville. He is a member of the Illinois State Dental Society, and\\nhas made frequent contributions to the different journals of the day,\\ntreating upon his profession. Though he has been a resident of the\\ncity of Danville but about ten years, he has probably as few enemies\\nand as many friends as any man in the city.\\nJohn Lane, Danville, was born in Eugene, Vermilion county, Indi-\\nana, on the 3d of November, 1839, and is the son of Enoch W. and\\nChristina (Washburn) Lane. His mother died at Eugene on the 15th\\nof January, 1841, being but twenty-eight years of age. His father,\\nJohn Lane, was born on the 21st of May, 1798. He was raised in\\nPickaway county, Ohio, and in 1829 moved to Eugene, Vermilion\\ncounty, Indiana, where he was engaged at his trade as cabinet-maker.\\nHe died in Eugene on the 12th of December, 1875. Mr. Lane, the\\nsubject of our sketch, was raised and received his schooling at Eugene.\\nOn the 17th of May, 1869, he left the scenes of his boyhood. At that\\ntime there were no railroads from Eugene to Danville, so he started on\\nfoot and walked from Eugene to Danville, where he has remained ever\\nsince. He was married to Miss Julia Davis on the 1st of November,\\n1870, by whom they have had three children.\\nThe firm of C. B. V J. R. Holloway, Danville, is one of the leading\\ndry-goods and carpet houses in this vicinity. It is located on the north-\\nwest corner of Main and Walnut streets. These gentlemen commenced\\nbusiness in Danville in 1869, and ever since have constantly improved\\nin trade. Cornelius B. Holloway was born in Belmont county, Ohio,\\nin 1826. His experience in the dry-goods business has been very ex-\\ntensive, having entered a dry -goods store with his father in Smyrna,\\nHarrison county, Ohio, when he was a boy. He came to Danville in\\n1862, where he has resided ever since. Jesse R. Holloway was born\\nin Winchester, Virginia, and moved to Vermilion county with his\\nparents at an early day. He settled near Georgetown, where he was\\nengaged in the dry-goods business for some twenty years, being among\\nthe first dr\\\\ 7 -goods merchants of that place. He came to Danville and\\nwas connected with the Vermilion County Bank for several years, and\\nthen returned to the dry -goods business, which business he has con-\\ntinued in ever since. They erected their present store at a cost of some\\n3,000, and are doing a business amounting to some $50,000 per year.\\nThe leading house in the manufacture of boots and shoes is that of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "V\u00c2\u00a3^\\n7\\nllM^\\n/I/)", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 465\\nE. P. Doll, No. 121 East Main street, Danville. He has now been\\nengaged in this business about two years. When he began business in\\n1877 he was in company with Mr. Smith, but later he purchased Mr.\\nSmith s interest in the business and has since been conducting it alone.\\nHe gives employment to about five men, on an average, and manufactures\\nper annum about $5,000 worth of goods. His style and manufacture\\nof goods has gained so much of a reputation that he is not troubled\\nwith any old or dry stock on hand. He is a man who has had nearly\\ntwenty years experience in the boot and shoe trade. His trade has-\\nincreased so much now as to warrant him in the use of machinery so\\nfar as can be done without the durability of the goods being lessened.\\nHe is a native of Ashland county, Ohio, and has the energy and enter-\\nprise about him that we usually find about a man who has been de-\\npendent upon his own resources. Should no misfortune befall him he\\nwill yet be known as one of the largest manufacturers and dealers in\\nhis line.\\nEdward Jones, Danville, engineer, who is holding quite a responsi-\\nble position with the Ellsworth Mining Company, is a native of Bri-\\nerley Hill, South Staffordshire, England. He was born in 1842. The\\nearly part of his life was spent and his education received in that country.\\nHe also learned the trade of an engineer with the British Iron Com-\\npany. In 1868 he came to the United States and stopped at Pittsburgh,\\nPennsylvania, for six months, where he was engaged with Marshall, Graft\\ntv. Co. Then he went to Sharon, Pennsylvania, for about a year and a\\nhalf, and in 1870 came to Danville, and in January, 1876, began work for\\nA. C. Daniel, who is manager of the Ellsworth company. Mr. Daniel tells\\nus that for over three years Mr. Jones has never but once failed to blow\\nthe whistle regularly at 6.40 and 7.00 o clock a.m., and that once was-\\nforgetfulness, as he was at his post as regular as at any time. He does\\nhis own firing, and keeps the machinery in order himself, and is a\\nhealthy, robust Johnn}^ Bull, free from intemperate and other bad\\nhabits a man always ready for duty and competent to attend to it.\\nThis fact is apparent to Mr. Daniel, who has concluded in this instance\\nthat he has the right man in the right place.\\nGeorge W. Daines, Danville, real estate agent, though not so old a\\nresident as many of the citizens of Danville, is yet a man well known\\nin the city and in the county. He is a native of Miami county, Indiana.\\nHis home has been in Danville since 1870. From 1870 to 1876 he\\nwas general western agent for the American Lubricating Oil Company.\\nLeaving the road in 1876, he opened a real estate office in Danville,\\nhis office being in Gernand s block, on Vermilion street. Here he is\\npreparing to do a more extensive business in the real estate trade,\\n30", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "466\\nHISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwhich he has already pretty well worked up. This, in connection with\\nhis insurance business and his own real estate which is on the market,\\nwarrants us in classing him among the leading business men of the city.\\nIn the fall of 1878 he added to the city plat what is known as Daines\\naddition. He has already built a number of new residence buildings.\\nHe is constantly improving property in different parts of the city, and\\nwere all the real estate holders of Danville equal to him in enterprise\\nand improvement, the city would soon outstrip herself.\\nWilliam Whitehill, the subject of this sketch, a cut of whose establish-\\nment appears in this work, is the leading manufacturer of buggies and\\ncarriages in the city. He began business in Danville in 1871, under\\ncircumstances that would have made many men hesitate before invest-\\ning money, the competition being more than commonly strong but\\nunderstanding that opposition is the life of trade, he opened his fac-\\ntory with a full understanding of\\nthe difficulties to be surmounted.\\nThe result has been success this\\nhas been accomplished by giving\\nto his patrons the very best line of\\ngoods possible for the money in-\\nvested. He has acquired for his\\nwork now such a reputation as\\nany dealer or manufacturer may\\nwell feel proud of. He is a native\\nof Summit county, Ohio. In 1856\\nhe came to Attica, Indiana, and\\nthere began learning his trade,\\nserving a regular apprenticeship, and remaining until 1859, when\\nhe went back to Ohio and located at Akron, where for a time he did\\njour work. In 1862 he began business there on his own account,\\ncontinuing (excepting time spent in the army) until 1870 he then\\ncame to Danville. During the war of 1861-5, he in 1863 entered the\\nUnion army, serving in the 124th O. Vol. Inf., Co. I. During this\\nservice he was wounded so badly as to be discharged. At present we\\nfind him one of the honorable citizens of Danville.\\nC. B. Fenton, Danville, hardware dealer, who for twenty-three years\\nhas been familiar with the hardware business, and is now one among\\nthe leading hardware dealers of Danville, is a native of Pennsylvania,\\nthough at the age of four years he went with his people to the state of\\nOhio. The early part of his life was spent, and his education received,\\nin that state. He is also a practical tinner by trade, having learned\\nthis branch of his present business at Conneaut, Ohio. In 1861, at the\\nWHITEHILL 8 CARRIAGE SHOPS.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 4(17\\nbreaking out of the war of the rebellion, he became a volunteer in the\\nUnion army, joining the 2d Independent Battery of Ohio troops,\\nthree-years service. He remained in the service about fourteen\\nmonths, when, on account of disability caused by hard marching and\\nsickness, he was discharged at Helena, Arkansas. During his service\\nhe saw some hard fighting, the battle of Pea Ridge being one of the\\nengagements in which he participated. Returning from the army, he\\nagain became a resident of Ohio, subsequently removing to Danville,\\nwhere from 18T0 until 1876 he was engaged in business alone; he now\\nhas a partner, the firm being C. B. Fenton Co. They are now\\nlocated on East Main street, in what is known as Kelley s new block,\\nand are occupying a space 20 feet- front by 100 feet deep, second story\\nand double basement. This is stocked with everything pertaining to a\\ngeneral hardware business, including stoves and tinware. In addition\\nto this he has some novelties, among which may be mentioned the new\\ngasoline stove, the advantages of which are very apparent, especially\\nto the ladies.\\nJames A. Outland, Danville, attorney-at-law, is, perhaps, respected\\nand known as well as any man of the Yermilion county bar. He was\\nborn in Northampton county, North Carolina, on the 25th of February,\\n1848, and is the son of Thomas J. and Asenath (Prichard) Outland,\\nboth natives of North Carolina and members of the Quaker Church.\\nIn 1858 the subject of our sketch, with his parents, came to Illinois,\\nand located in Ridge Farm, Vermilion county. His father was a farmer,\\nand here on the farm Mr. Outland remained until 1862. When only\\nfourteen years of age he entered the army and participated in the late\\nwar. He enlisted for three years in the 79th 111. Vol. Inf., a private in\\nCompany A (the history of this regiment, written by Mr. Outland,\\nappears in this work). Mr. Outland participated in some of the most\\nsevere battles Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickasaw Mountain, Mis-\\nsion Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and the\\nsiege of Atlanta. At Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th of November,\\n1864, he received a verv severe musket-ball wound in the thigh, from\\nthe effects of which he is a cripple. He was taken prisoner by the\\nenemy, where he was very poorly cared for. He was recaptured by\\nthe Union army and sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, where\\nhe remained until the close of the war. He then entered the Illinois\\nSoldiers College, at Fulton, Illinois, where he remained for five years,\\nand from which he graduated in 1872. He then was engaged in teach-\\ning school one winter. He then read law with D. D. Evans, Esq. In\\n1873 he entered the Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, Michigan,\\nwhere he graduated from the law school in 1875. He then returned te", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "468 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDanville and commenced the practice of law. In 1876 he was elected\\ncity attorney of Danville, which office he filled with marked ability for\\ntwo terms. Mrs. Outland s maiden name was Mary S. Peters. She\\nwas born in Licking comity, Ohio, on the 13th of December, 1855, and\\nis the daughter of Oliver E. (a physician, now residing near Bismarck,\\nVermilion county,) and Margaret (Walcutt) Peters.\\nE. Winter, Danville, deputy clerk, was born in Kenton county, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 10th of July, 1847, and is the son of Charles H. and E.\\nA. (Herod) Winter. His father was a native of London, England, and\\nhis mother of Kentucky. When Mr. Winter was very young, he, with\\nhis parents, moved to Indiana, where they were engaged in farming\\nabout four years, when they moved. to Columbus, Indiana, and entered\\nthe mercantile business. In March, 1864, Mr. Winter enlisted in Bat-\\ntery F, 1st Indiana Heavy Artillery, and participated in several severe\\nengagements, such as the siege of Fort Morgan, siege of Mobile, etc.\\nHe did duty at Fort Darrancus and Fort Pickens. He was mustered\\nout on the 15th of Januaiw, 1866, when he returned to Indiana. He\\nentered college at Moore s Hill, where lie received a sufficient education\\nto enable him to teach school at Versailles, Indiana. He then studied\\nlaw and was admitted to practice in 1868. He went to Vermilion\\ncounty, Indiana, and remained there until 1870, when he came to Dan-\\nville, and in 1873 was admitted to the Illinois bar. In 1873 he was\\nappointed deputy county clerk, which office he has filled ever since,\\nand in which he has won a host of friends. Mr. Winter was married\\nin Versailles, Indiana, to Miss Belle Wilson, of Indiana. They have\\ntwo children. Mr. Winter is captain of Battery A, 1st Illinois National\\nGuards.\\nThe firm of Messrs. Good and Cowan, Danville, saddle and harness\\nmakers, which has been established since the year 1874, is one of the\\nlargest, most reputable and successful in the city, and holds a position\\nfor integrity in business above an average character, and has gained a\\npopularity of which it ma}^ well feel proud. The members of the firm\\nstand among that liberal class of business men who believe in the vari-\\nous enterprises of the city being pushed forward. Their store is located\\nat No. 38 Vermilion street. They emplo} 7 four men. The proprietors\\nhave attained a prominent business position, and socially are blessed\\nwith a large number of friends. Elias Good was born in Pennsylvania\\nin 1841. He learned his trade that of a harness-maker in Pennsyl-\\nvania, where he followed it for a number of years. He came to Illinois\\nin 1865. Mr. Good was a soldier in the late war. Lie enlisted in\\nApril, 1861, in Co. C, 1st Pa. Vol. Inf., and did good service. He was\\nhonorably mustered out, but again enlisted, this time in the 34th Pa.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 4b J\\nVol. Inf., Co. D, for three years. After serving about sixteen months,\\nand participating in some very prominent battles, he was honorably\\ndischarged on account of sickness. Amos S. Cowan was also a soldier\\nof the late war. He enlisted, August, 1861, in Co. G, 11th 111. Vol.\\nInf., for three years. He enlisted as a private, doing good service, and\\nparticipating in a number of the most prominent battles of the war.\\nHe was at the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Pittsburg\\nLanding, Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, etc. He received\\ntwo slight wounds in arm and leg at Champion Hills. He was first\\nlieutenant of the 46th IT. S. Col. Troops, which did skirmishing near\\nMemphis, Tennessee. He was then assistant inspector-general of the\\n2d Brig. 1st Div. 25th Army Corps was mustered out at Brownville,\\nTexas, 1865, and was finally discharged at Little Rock, Arkansas. He\\nreturned to Illinois, and entered the Normal University, where he re-\\nmained one year. In 1870 he came to Danville, which has been his\\nhome ever since. Mr. Cowan is major of the 9th Bat. 111. N. G.\\nJ. M. Clark, Danville, merchant, was born in Waldo county, Maine,\\non the 21st of April, 1824, and is the son of Stephen and Prudence\\n(Martin) Clark. His father, a native of Maine, was engaged as a sea-\\nfaring man until he reached the age of forty-five after this he followed\\nfarming. His mother was a native of Massachusetts. Mr. Clark was\\nraised on the farm, where he remained until he was twenty-one years\\nold. He then went to West Virginia, where he remained about two\\nyears from there located in the southern part of Ohio, near Gallipolis.\\nHere he was engaged in the dry-goods and general store business some\\ntwenty-two years. While in Gallia county, Ohio, Mr. Clark held the\\noffice of count} 7 commissioner, which office he resigned when he came\\nto Danville, Illinois. In 1861 Mr. Clark enlisted in the 36th Ohio\\nVol. Inf., Co. I, as first lieutenant. He was with the Army of the\\nPotomac, and participated in some of its most severe battles. Mr.\\nClark was in the battles of Bull Run, Antietam, Lewisburg and several\\nskirmishes. In 1863 he was detailed to organize militia, and was made\\ncolonel of the 1st Ohio Vol. Inf., which regiment helped to capture the\\nnotorious guerrilla, John Morgan, during his raid through Indiana and\\nOhio. At the close of the war Mr. Clark returned to Gallia county,\\nOhio. He married Miss Lucy Chambers, of Marietta, Ohio, by whom\\nthey have ten children. In the spring of 1870 Mr. Clark came to Dan-\\nville and commenced the dry-goods business, and to-day he owns one\\nof the leading dry -goods and carpet stores in Danville. He is located\\nat No. 6(y Vermilion street. He employs five salesmen, doing a busi-\\nness amounting to as high as $50,000 a year. Mr. Clark is a member\\nof the school board.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "470 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nJames Knight, Danville, boots and shoes, was born in Clinton\\ncounty, New York, on the 12th of May, 1833, and is the son of James\\nand Alice (Henderson) Knight, both natives of Scotland. His father\\nwas a farmer here, and Mr. Knight was brought up on the farm and\\nthere remained until he was about fifteen years old. He was then en-\\ngaged in helping to survey the Ogdenburg railroad, and was then\\nclerk in a hardware store. About 1843 he came west to Illinois and\\nlocated in Chicago. He then returned east and clerked in the hardware\\nbusiness, but returned to Illinois and was connected with the Great\\nWestern railroad, running a train to Champaign. He followed rail-\\nroading about thirteen years but was in Texas a short time engaged\\nin trading in Texas cattle. In 1869 he went to California where he\\nremained until the following vear, seeking for his brother Robert. He\\nreturned to Danville and has been engaged in the mercantile business\\nprincipally ever since. Mr. Knight was married on the 15th of Feb-\\nruary, 1860, to Miss Mary E. Probst, of Danville. They have three\\nchildren. Mr. Knight is now filling the position of assistant supervisor\\nof Danville township, which office he has held for the last six years.\\nHe is a republican in politics.\\nIrad Abdill, Danville, retired, was born in Cadiz, Ohio, on the 29th\\nof October, 1812, and is the son of Connell Abdill, who was a hotel-\\nkeeper in Cadiz. Mr. Abdill, the subject of this sketch, remained in\\nhis native place until he was about seventeen years of age, when he\\nwent to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and learned the tinner s trade. In\\n1830 lie went to Paris, Kentucky, where he engaged in work at his\\ntrade, and on the 5th of September, 1833, he married, near Lexington,\\nKentucky, Rebecca Ann Watson. In the same year he moved to Har-\\nrodsburg, Kentucky, and there set up a tinshop and carried on busi-\\nness until 1836, when he moved to Indiana and located in Vincennes,\\nwhere he was also engaged in the tin business. In April, 1839, he\\nmoved to Perrysvillc, Vermilion county, Indiana, and commenced the\\ntin and hardware business on a very large scale, doing an extensive\\nbusiness until about 1869, when he retired from business. In 1862\\nMr. Abdill was elected a member of the legislature by the republican\\nparty, from Vermilion county, Indiana. On the 4th of October, 1871,\\nMr. Abdill moved to Danville, where he has been a resident ever since.\\nHis first vote cast for president of the United States was for General\\nAndrew Jackson, and he was a Jackson democrat. In 1860 he voted\\nfor President Abraham Lincoln, and since then he has been a republi-\\ncan in politics.\\nMatthias Brandenberger, Danville, sign-painter, was born in Ger-\\nmany on the 27th of January, 1840, and came to America when about", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 471\\nfourteen years of age, first locating in St. Louis in 1857. He went to\\nLeavenworth, Kansas, and while there learned his present trade. The\\nfollowing year he went to New Orleans where he remained one year,\\nand then went to Baton .Rouge, but afterward returned to St. Louis\\nand enlisted, in 1861, in Co. A, 13th Mo. Yol. Inf., and served until the\\nclose of the war, engaging in some of the. prominent battles, such as Fort\\nDonelson and Pittsburg Landing, where he was wounded, a ball passing-\\nthrough his right arm, which caused his absence from the regiment for\\nseventy days. He afterward participated in the battles of Ink a and\\nCorinth, and was engaged in the three-months siege of Vicksburg and\\nLittle Rock, also in other minor engagements. He was honorablv\\ndischarged at the close of the war, returned to St. Louis, and from\\nthere came to Springfield, Illinois, where he remained until 1867. He\\nthen went to Kansas City, and in 1871 came to Danville. He was\\nmarried in 1870 to Miss Julia Getiser. She was a native of Switzer-\\nland, and was born in 1847.\\nA. J. T. Joslin, Danville, photographer, was born in Montgomery\\ncounty, New York, on the 16th of June, 1839. At the age of sixteen years\\nhe went to Osage, and from there to Waukegan, Illinois. From there\\nhe moved to Oilman, and then to Danville, where he has made his home\\nsince. At Osage he built the third log house of the place, and painted the\\nfirst sign ever put up in that town. He remained a resident of that\\nplace about thirteen years. He first learned the trade of a carriage\\nand sign-painter, but subsequently took up photography, and now has\\nhad in all sixteen years experience in this business, six years of the time\\nin Danville. He first began alone, but the firm afterward became Jos-\\nlin Phillips. They continued to do business together about four\\nyears. He is now located at 112 East Main street, where, by close atten-\\ntion to business, and keeping pace with the improvements made in the\\nart of photography, he has established a good business.\\nE. C. Winslow, Danville, of No. 107 Main street, dealer in drugs.\\nis a native of Hampshire county, Massachusetts. He came west in\\n1871 and began business in Danville, after having spent twelve years\\nin the drug trade in Boston. He is a graduate of pharmacy and is thor-\\noughly educated in all the details of the drug trade. His store is\\ntwenty-five feet front by eighty feet deep, two stories and basement.\\nHe has it thoroughly stocked in everything pertaining to a full and\\ncomplete line of drugs, cigars, tobacco, perfumeries, etc. These are all\\nconducive to his success, which he has gained and earned by an hon-\\norable and upright method of business.\\nL. James, Danville, contractor and builder, is a native of Montgom-\\nery county, Pennsylvania. He was born in 1840. The early part of", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "472 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhis life was spent in his native state, where he learned the trade of a\\ncarpenter and joiner. In 1861, at the breaking out of the war of the\\nrebellion, he entered the army and enlisted in Co. E, 45th Pa. Inf., three-\\nYears service. He was in many of the hard fought battles, among\\nwhich may be mentioned those of Stoner Landing, Antietam and\\nFredericksburg. At both of the latter battles he was wounded, though not\\ncrippled, and in 1864 was mustered out at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\\nHe has now been a resident of Danville for eight years, most of which\\ntime he has been engaged at his trade. At present he has on hand the\\ncontract of doing the woodwork on the Gernand building. By honest\\nwork he has won for himself a good reputation, both as a workman and a\\ncitizen.\\nChas. T. Yeomans, Danville, hardware dealer, of the firm of Yeo-\\nmans Shedd, is a native of Wyoming county, New York. He has\\nnow been engaged in the hardware trade about eight years. Previous\\nto his entering business in this line he had been a resident of Chicago,\\nwhere from 1866 until 1871 he was employed at keeping books. In\\n1871 he came to Danville, and in partnership with Mr. A. L. Webster\\nengaged in the hardware trade they continuing to do business together\\nuntil 1875, when the present partnership was formed. When leaving\\nMr. Webster, he took the shelf and general hardware, while Mr. W.\\nkept what is known to the trade as the heavy hardware. Under the\\nmanagement of the present firm they have established quite an exten-\\nsive business, a more detailed account of which is given elsewhere.\\nThey are both good financiers, and are known as one of the solid, sub-\\nstantial business firms of the city.\\nEvery business man dependent upon the^patronage of the public\\nfor success must endeavor to please that public. This Mr. J. A.\\nPhillips, the photographer, of Danville, and the subject of this sketch,\\nhas seemed to do, if we may judge of his success by this rule. Pie\\nfirst began the business of photography in 1864. He followed it for\\ntwo years, then quit and began painting, which he continued for about\\nsix yeai s. In the spring of 1871 he began business in Danville. He\\nlias kept pace with the progress made in the art of photography. This\\nassertion may be very easily proven by a visit to his parlors, which are\\nlocated at the southwest corner of the public square. He is a native\\nof Fountain county, Indiana. Though not a resident of the city so\\nlong as many, he has established a good name and reputation.\\nChas. M. Swallow, attorney-at-law, Danville, was born in Luzerne\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of September, 1844, and is the son of\\nGeorge and Sa Hie (Thompson) Swallow. Mr. Swallow s father was a\\nnative of Pennsylvania, and followed farming. Here on the farm Mr.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0570.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 47o\\nSwallow remained until he was about seventeen years old, at which\\ntime he went to Pittston, and from there to Scranton, where he entered\\na printing-office and commenced to learn his trade. This he followed\\nfor several years, and was the main support in getting money to school\\nhimself. Mr. Swallow received his principal education at Williamsport,\\nPennsylvania, and Cazenovia, New York. In 1869 he entered the law\\nschool of the Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, where he graduated\\nin 1871. In April, 1871, he came to Danville and entered the office of\\nMessrs. Davis Mann, and remained with that law firm until 1872.\\nHe was then admitted to practice law at the Illinois state bar. In 1874\\nhe entered partnership with D. D. Evans, which firm continued until\\nJanuary of 1879. Since then Mr. Swallow has been practicing alone.\\nHe held the office of city attorney for one term, and performed his duty\\nin a faithful manner. Mr. Swallow was married on the 15th of Decem-\\nber, 1874, to Miss Clara A. Northup, who was born in Luzerne county,\\nPennsylvania, on the 30th of May, 1850. She died on the 7th of Feb-\\nruary, 1879. He is the father of one child, Howard A., born on the\\n18th of August, 1878.\\nWe believe that many people fail of success in the livery business\\nthrough a lack of attention to the general wants of the public, coupled\\nwith a disregard for proper neatness and cleanliness. Kuykendall\\nBros. Craig, livery-men, of Danville, own two livery stables, one\\nlocated east side of Hazel, between North and Main streets, and the\\nother on North street, in the rear of the ^Etna House. At both livery\\nstables is kept a fine lot of stock and a number of vehicles which,\\nfor style and quality, cannot be excelled in Danville. The firm is com-\\nposed of William and Jacob Kuykendall, who were born in Hampshire\\ncounty, Virginia. With their parents they moved to Indiana, and from\\nthence to Vermilion county, Illinois, and located on a farm in Middle\\nFork township. Here they were engaged in farming until 1871, when\\nthey came to Danville and entered the livery business. In 1875 they\\nentered partnership with William Craig, and thus formed the above\\nnamed firm. Mr. Craig was born in Montgomery county, Indiana, in\\n1848. These gentlemen are courteous and gentlemanly in their busi-\\nness, and prompt in transactions, all of which has made them popular\\nand successful livery-men.\\nThe Chicago Store, 53 Vermilion street, Danville, Illinois, was first\\nopened at No. 41, Vermilion street, on the 22d of July, 1872, and on\\nthe 7th of August, 1872, H. B. Villars, the youngest son of the Kev.\\nJohn Villars, commenced clerking for S. T. Kern at $1.50 per week,\\nand remained as general clerk until the spring of 1873, when Mr. Rob-\\nison left, going farther west. H. B. Villars, being the oldest clerk with", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0571.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "474 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe firm, was made head clerk, and manager of the business in Mr.\\nKern s absence, holding that position until about 1874, when he left,\\ntaking a rest for about six weeks. He, however, returned to his former\\nposition as manager of the business in the absence of Mr. Kern, this\\nbeing at Mr. Kern s request. About two years after opening at No.\\n41 Vermilion street, Mr. Kern moved to No. 53 Vermilion street, the\\npresent location. H. B. Villars still held that position until the death\\nof Mr. Kern, on the 18th of April, 1876, after which the store was left\\nto V W. T. Kern, the business, however, being still in the charge of H.\\nB. Villars. In July, 1876, Mr. Kern was taken sick in Logansport,\\nand lingered until the 13th of November, 1876, when he died, leaving\\nthe store to his sister, the firm name becoming C. J. Kern Sister.\\nMr. C. J. Kern, having a store in Logansport to look after, still left the\\nDanville store in charge of H. B. Villars until the 28th of March, 1877,\\nwhen, desiring to discontinue the business in Danville, he sold the\\nstock to the firm of Villars Bros. Co., who are now doing a large busi-\\nness in the same room.\\nB. M. Chaffee, Danville, freight and ticket agent, is a native of\\nRochester, Windsor county, Vermont. He came west in 1869, and\\nfor one year was engaged in business in Chicago. He then went to\\nKentland, Indiana, where, for tw T o years, he was located in the employ\\nof the Pan-Handle railroad. He resigned his position and returned\\nto Chicago with the intention of again engaging in business there, but\\ninstead he came to Danville, and accepted the position of station-agent\\non the I. B. W. R. R. He is now also doing the business for the\\nP. D. road, and is both ticket and freight agent for both roads. The\\nreceipts and shipments of the I. B. W. are much greater than the\\nP. D., though the transferring of all east and southward bound\\nfreight on the latter road is necessary at this point; this also conies\\nunder his charge. He has, in all, six men under his supervision. Mr.\\nChaffee has been a resident of Danville only since 1872, but is already\\nas well known as many of the old settlers.\\nJ. A. Patterson, Danville, hardware dealer, of the firm of Giddings\\nPatterson, is probably the most thoroughly educated man in the\\nhardware line of any dealer in this line of goods in the city, he having\\nhad the advantage of five years experience as traveling-man for a job-\\nbing-house in the line they are now handling. He is a native of Vir-\\nginia, his early life being spent in that state, Ohio and Indiana. He\\nhas now been a resident of Danville seven years, three years of which\\ntime he was with the firm of Webster Yeomans, and four years with\\nA. L. Webster. In February of 1879 he engaged, in company with\\nMr. Jno. W. Giddings, in the heavy hardware trade, they being sue-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0572.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 475\\ncessors to A. L. Webster. Their trade extends to a radius of about one\\nhundred and twenty-five miles. Mr. Patterson, being used to the road,\\ndoes this part of the work when necessary. Though they have been in\\nbusiness as a firm but a short time, they have every reason to hope for\\nsuccess, if the future may be judged by the past. They are both men\\nof that caliber who seldom fail to carry any enterprise undertaken\\nthrough successfully, and in this undertaking they propose to stop noth-\\ning short of success.\\nRobert Pollard, Danville, gas-fitting and foundry, of the firm of\\nThompson Pollard, was born in London, England, in 1848. At the\\nage of twenty-two he came to the United States, and located at La Fay-\\nette, Indiana, where, for about two years, he was engaged in the busi-\\nness of gas-fitting, a trade which he learned in England. In November\\nof 1872 he came to Danville and began, with Mr. Thompson, in the\\nsame business. He first began as a jour with Mr. Thompson, but\\nin a short time became a partner. They are now conducting one of\\nthe largest manufacturing establishments in this part of Illinois, a more\\ncomplete description of which has already been given.\\nWatson Bros., Danville, butchers, located at No. 45 Yermilion\\nstreet, have a very neat, well arranged meat market, which they con-\\nduct and own besides which they have a fine farm in Yermilion\\ncounty, where they raise the stock for their market. They are\\npractical butchers of long experience, and have the reputation of\\nexposing for sale the finest quality of fresh meat, through which and\\ntheir fairness of prices and strict probity in business transactions they\\nhave secured them a paying business. They have, in connection with\\ntheir meat market, a steam power sausage mill, with which they furnish\\nthe surrounding towns with sausage. Alva Watson was born in La\\nSalle county, Illinois, in 1845, and is the son of Stephen Watson, of\\nRhode Island, who came to Illinois about 1840, and was engaged in\\nstock raising and farming. Mr. Alva Watson remained on the farm\\nuntil he was about fourteen years old and then entered a grist mill and\\nlearned the engineer s trade, which he followed for a number of years.\\nHe then went into the butcher business in Danville. He has also been\\nin the hotel business, managing for a time the St. James Hotel of Dan-\\nville. Daniel Watson, a brother of Alva, is with these two gentle-\\nmen. They compose the oldest butcher firm in the city.\\nH. P. Blackburn, Danville, attorney-at-law, was born in Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 23d of August, 1850, and is the son of John\\nT. and Mary A. (Powell) Blackburn, both natives of Kentucky, and\\nearly settlers of Fountain county, Indiana. Mr. Blackburn received\\nhis principal education from the Wesley Academy, near Crawfordsville,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0573.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "47li HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIndiana, Blooniingdale Academy, near Annapolis, Indiana, and the Illi-\\nnois State University at Champaign. He then entered the Michigan\\nUniversity of Ann Arbor, Michigan, from which he graduated in 1872.\\nHe then came to Danville and commenced the practice of law. Since\\nhe began here he has associated himself as partner with Wm. H. Mal-\\nlory, B. F. Cook, George W. Gere and General J. C. Black.\\nE. R. Danforth, dealer in groceries and provisions, No. 36 Ver-\\nmilion street, is a native of Wabash, Indiana. He began business in\\nhis present location in January, 1879, by buying the grocery establish-\\nment of J. W. Elliott. He began his mercantile life in his old home,\\nWabash, Indiana, where he spent several years as a clerk in a general\\nstore. In 18G9 he left Wabash and located in Homer, Illinois, where\\nhe spent three years clerking in a grocery establishment. In 1873 he\\naccepted a situation as clerk with Mr. Wm. Hessey, dry-goods mer-\\nchant of Danville. He remained with Mr. Hessey until he decided to\\nengage in business on his own account. His store is eighteen feet front\\nby one hundred feet deep, located where there is but little doubt of\\nsuccess and stocked with a fine class of groceries and provisions, queens-\\nware, crockery, tinware, and many other useful and staple lines of goods\\nthat experience and good judgment have taught him were necessary for\\nsuccess. For a man who has never been engaged in business for him-\\nself, Mr. Danforth is certainty exhibiting some very good financiering\\nqualities. Should his business in the future be conducted as carefulty as\\nit has been in the past, there is but little doubt of his ambition for suc-\\ncess being realized.\\nC. M. Axtell, Danville, is a native of Washington county, Pennsyl-\\nvania, though at the age of four years he was brought to Iroquois\\ncounty by his parents, they coming to that county in company with\\neleven other families from Pennsylvania. There the early part of his\\nlife was spent, and an education received from such facilities as the\\ncountry afforded at that time. He remained a resident of that county\\nuntil 1873, when he came to Danville. For some time before leaving\\nIroquois county he had been engaged in business on his own account:\\nin the harness trade for three years, and in the livery business four\\nyears. He built the building on the corner of Madison and Pine\\nstreets, which he still owns. This he occupied for about four years,\\nengaged in the grocery business, Mr. Sirpless becoming his successor\\nin business. In 1878 he was elected a member of the police force of\\nDanville, but failed to be renominated again in 1879 on account of not\\nsupporting the administration, which declared in favor of licensing the\\nsale of liquor.\\nGottlieb Maier, Danville, leather and findings, was born in Wur-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0574.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 477\\ntemburg, Germany, on the 28th of April, 1840. He remained a resi-\\ndent of his native country until he had received a good education, and\\nhad learned the trade of a tanner. In 1867 he came to the United\\nStates, first locating at Fort Wayne, Indiana, where he remained about\\none and a half years. He then went to Loudon ville, Ohio, for about\\nthe same length of time, and then to Augusta, Kentucky, where he\\nwas engaged in business on his own account as a tanner. He re-\\nmained in Augusta about three years, and in 1873 came to Danville.\\nWhere he is now, on East Main street, he has a store 22 x 70, with\\nbasement. He pays out annually about twenty thousand dollars for\\nhides, furs, tallow, sheeps, etc., shipping most of these goods to Bos-\\nton, Mass. He also carries a fine stock of leather and findings. He is\\na man who pays little attention to anybody s business except his own,\\nbut is one of that class of men who are ranked among the best citizens\\nof any community.\\nG-. L. Klugel, Danville, of No. 47 West Main street, dealer in and\\nmanufacturer of galvanized-iron work, is probably a better workman,\\nand is engaged more extensively in this business, than many of the\\ncitizens of Vermilion county are aware of. He has had sixteen years\\nexperience in this line, first serving an apprenticeship of seven years with\\nhis brother. He is a native of Berlin, Prussia, coming to the United\\nStates in 1859, when he was six years old, becoming a resident of Day-\\nton, Ohio. It was there he learned his trade. He has traveled over\\nquite a number of the states, executing large contracts in his line of\\nbusiness. Among these we mention a few. In 1870 he first came to\\nDanville, and did the iron-work of the high-school building: in 1872\\nhe did the cornice-work on Abe Sandusky s residence in 1877 he did\\nthat of the court-house of Washington, Indiana, and in 1878 finished\\nthe Ann Arbor court-house; in 1879 he finished the Wabash court-\\nhouse of Indiana. These are some of the important jobs he has done,\\nand are certainly evidence enough of his ability as a workman and con-\\ntractor. In 1873 he became a resident of Danville, and now gives\\nemployment to about four men regularly, and is doing a business, in\\npoint of execution, equal to any in the west.\\nD. C. Vaughn, Danville, saw-mill, is a native of the state of Iowa,\\nand has been a resident of Danville since 1873.- He was for five years\\nconnected with the bus line of S. B. Holloway Co., the last two\\nyears as a partner in the business. In the summer of 1879 they (he\\nand S. B. Holloway) purchased the saw-mill located at the I. B. W.\\ndepot, and formerly run by Noah Wilkins. This business now conies\\ndirectly under Mr. Vaughn s supervision. Their specialty is hardwood\\nlumber, of which they have a manufacturing capacity of about 6,000", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0575.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "478 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfeet per day. In all they give employment to about twenty men,\\nseven of whom are at work in the mill. Their annual pay-roll amounts\\nto about $4,000. They have an engine of forty-horse power. The mill\\nis new. Mr. Vaughn is a live, energetic business man, and though the\\nenterprise is a new one there is every probability of their success. Mr.\\nHolloway is an old mill man.\\nAmong the few large grocery and bakery establishments of Danville\\nis that of Bredehoft Bros., located at No. 135 East Main street. The\\nelder of the two, George W., has had about six years experience in the\\nbusiness in Danville, and in that time has become a thoroughly prac-\\ntical business man. In 1873 he engaged in the trade in company with\\nMr. Charles Stellner, they doing business together until the present\\nfirm was organized. Their store-room is twenty-four feet front by\\neighty feet deep, with basement. In addition to this they have the\\nLossom bakery, built in the rear of the store. This is 20 x 24. In this\\nline they have acquired a reputation that keeps them very busy deliv-\\nering goods, their business aggregating now about $50,000 per annum\\nin both lines of trade. They give employment to about four men regu-\\nlarly, and should their trade increase in the future as it has in the past\\nthey will shortly be the leading house in the city in their line. Their\\nbusiness is a fair illustration of what may be accomplished by pluck\\nand perseverance. They have worked for the trade they now com-\\nmand, both by means of a pleasant and courteous treatment of their\\ncustomers, supplying them with nice fresh goods, and by keeping their\\nplace of business neat and clean.\\nThe largest and most important clothing and gents furnishing es-\\ntablishment in the city of Danville is that of H. Ivahn Co., the\\nmembers of the firm being H. Kahn and the subject of our sketch,\\nMr. Isaac Stern, who was born in 1846 in Wurtemberg, Germany.\\nThere he received a good education, and had six years experience in\\nthe clothing trade, and at the age of twenty years came to the United\\nStates, locating at Champaign, Illinois, where for four years he was\\nenffao-ed as a clerk in the clothing trade. He then went south and\\nlocated near Salem, Alabama, where for three years he was engaged in\\nthe mercantile trade. Returning north in 1873 he located at Danville\\nand engaged in business, where we now find him one of the most suc-\\ncessful merchants of the city. Their establishment is located at No.\\n51 Vermilion street, and is known as the Arcade Clothing House. The\\nbuilding is 100 x 24 feet, and they occupy the first floor and basement\\nwith a stock of goods not equaled in the city. Mr. Stern, though a\\nresident of the city but a few years, is already well and favorably\\nknown both in society and business circles.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0576.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 47\\nWilliam P. Cannon, Danville, president of the Vermilion County\\nBank, was born in Morgan comity, Indiana, September 18, 1841, and is\\nthe son of Horace F. Cannon, who was born in North Carolina, and was\\na doctor by profession. He moved to Indiana in 1840. Mr. W. P. Can-\\nnon, after receiving his principal education at the Earlem College of In-\\ndiana, commenced the study of law with his brother, Joseph G. Cannon.\\nIn 1862 he was admitted to practice law at the bar. He entered partner-\\nship with his brother and commenced practice at Tuscola, Illinois. In\\n1865 he entered the private banking business with Wyeth, Cannon\\nCo., and remained there, acting as manager until 1870, when he organ-\\nized the First National Bank of Tuscola, and was made president,\\nmaintaining this position until 1873, when he moved to Danville and\\norganized the Vermilion County Bank, of which he holds the position\\nof president. The other officers are: Thos. S. Parks, cashier; J. W.\\nElliott, book-keeper, and Chas. Knight, teller. This bank is doing a\\ngeneral banking business, and is in a very nourishing condition. In\\n1864 Mr. Cannon married Miss Anna M. Wamsley, of Indiana, daugh-\\nter of William Wamsley, and by this union they have three children.\\nFrank W. Penwell, Danville, attorne} -at-law T was born in St. Jo-\\nseph county, Indiana, on the 14th of September, 1843, and is the son\\nof Enos and Martha (Holloway) Penwell. In 1853 he, with his par-\\nents, moved to Illinois, and located in Shelbyville, Shelby county.\\nHere his father was engaged in the practice of medicine. Mr. Pen-\\nwell received a common school education at Shelbyville. He then\\ncompleted his studies at South Bend, Indiana. He was a soldier in\\nthe late civil war. In 1862 he enlisted for three years as sergeant in\\nthe 21st Ind. Battery, Light Artillery. This battery did service with the\\narmy of the Cumberland, participating in some of the most severe bat-\\ntles: Chickamauga, Nashville, etc. At the close of the war Mr. Pen-\\nwell returned home and commenced the study of law. In 1867 he\\ngraduated in the law-school of the Michigan University of Ann Arbor.\\nIn 1867 he commenced the practice of law. In 1873 he came to Dan-\\nville, and associated himself with W. J. Henry, and formed the law-\\nfirm of Henry Penwell, which continued until 1876, when the pres-\\nent firm was formed of Young Penwell. His political opinions are\\nrepublican. He married Miss May Bowman, of New York.\\nJ. E. Field, Danville, merchant tailor, w r as born in Litchfield county,\\nConnecticut, on the 28th of July, 1843. He learned the tailor s trade\\nin Lorain county, Ohio, in 1866 and 1867. He then went to Michigan\\nand located at Three Rivers, where he worked at his trade until 1868,\\nwhen he came to Illinois, and worked at his trade at Rockford. Here\\nhe remained until 1873, when he came to Danville, and has here been", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0577.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "480 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nengaged at his trade ever since. He opened his present merchant-\\ntailor establishment in 1878. He is one of the leading merchant tailors\\nof Danville, having in his employ six hands. Mr. Field, in 1861, en-\\nlisted in the late war. He entered, from Lorain county, Ohio, the 2d\\nOhio Cavalry, Co. H. he enlisted for three years, and did good ser-\\nvice, being in a number of battles and skirmishes. He served full\\ntime and was honorably mustered out. He reenlisted in the same\\nregiment, and served until the close of the war. Pie was with Gen.\\nGrant, on his eastern campaign, in the battles of Cold Harbor, the bat-\\ntle of the Wilderness, St. Mary s Church, Fairfax Court House, and\\nother battles and skirmishes. In his first enlistment, on the 9th of\\nSeptember 1861, until his final discharge, on the 20th of September,\\n1865, he was sick but two weeks, and during these two weeks he\\nremained with his regiment. Neither he nor his horse received the\\nslightest wound. The 2d Ohio started from Lebanon, Kentucky, on\\nthe 4th of July, 1863, after the notorious guerrilla John Morgan, at\\nthe time he made his raid through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. The\\n2d Ohio was in the engagement when Morgan was captured at Colum-\\nbus county, Ohio. The 2d )hio, during its service in the war, traveled\\nover thirty thousand miles through the various states. This was the\\ngreatest distance traveled by any regiment during the war. Mr. Field\\nhas a medal that was given to him at the first reunion of the 2d Ohio\\nCavalry at Cleveland, O. Mr. Field is first lieutenant of Battery A, 1st\\nBrig. 111. Nat. G., of which he has been a member for over three years.\\nAmong the leading merchants of Danville may be mentioned Win.\\nWoods, the hatter, who was born in London, England. A number of\\nyears ago he came to America, where he has been engaged in differ-\\nent pursuits. He has had a wide experience in the shirt, hosiery and\\nglove business, having been connected with one of the leading houses\\nof that kind in the country. In 1873 Mr. Woods came to Danville and\\nentered the hat and cap business with his brother, A. Woods, on Main\\nstreet. Since the retirement of his brother, Mr. Woods has continued\\nin the business alone, and to-day is the oldest hat and cap merchant in\\nDanville. His present new store on Vermilion street is one of the\\nmost attractive and finest stores in the city. Here may be found a full\\nline of hats, caps, furs and gents furnishing goods.\\nJ. C. Helm, Danville, W. U. telegraph agent, is a native of Marion\\ncounty, Indiana. The early portion of his life was spent in the country,\\non a farm. He has now for ten years been engaged at telegraphing.\\nThose who are familiar with the business pronounce him a fine oper-\\nator. He began learning telegraphy at Anderson, Indiana, in 1869. In\\nOctober, 1874, he took charge of the Western Union business at Dan-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0578.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 481\\nville, which was then in connection with the railroad, being located at\\nthe Wabash depot. In October of 1878 they moved to their present\\nquarters, which is No. 108 East Main. Here Mr. Helm has a very\\nneatly arranged office, having in all seven wires, viz: three of the\\nWabash, the I. B. W., P. D., E. T. H. C. and C. E. I. The\\nbusiness is so extensive as to require an assistant, this gentleman being\\nMr. E. C. Dodge, of Erie county, New York. The aggregate business,\\nstrictly commercial, now done by the office is about $250 per month.\\nThough Mr. Helm has been a resident of Danville but a few years, he\\nalready is known as a man whose word and promise may be relied\\nupon\\nThe Arkansas Texas Railway Land Company, located in the\\nTimes building, is probably a much more extensive institution than\\nmany of the people of this county are aware of. It is a business, too, that\\nwould well repay many people who contemplate buying real estate to\\nexamine. Mr. E. D. Steen, the gentleman in charge at this point, is a\\nnative of the old Keystone State, his birth-place being near the city\\nof Pittsburgh. He has been a resident of the State of Illinois for about\\ntwenty-seven years, though of Danville but for five years. When he\\ncame to the city he began business in the furniture trade, in company\\nwith Mr. J. W. Dove, the firm name being Dove Steen. This they\\nfollowed until 1878. when Walker Staymen became their successors.\\nThe land office of the company named was located in Danville in the\\nsummer of 1879. They have in Texas 3,000,000 acres Arkansas, 30,-\\n000; Kansas, 10,000 and Nebraska 10,000, besides a large number of\\nimproved farms in the state of Missouri. There is probably no real-\\nestate firm in the west that offers such inducements as this one. Mr.\\nSteen is treasurer of the Vermilion County Historical Society, and a\\nman having the respect and esteem of a large number of citizens.\\nWm. Stewart, Danville, machine and boiler manufacturer, successor\\nto the firm of Reynolds Stewart, manufacturers of boilers and ma-\\nchinery, is a native of Scotland, where he was born on the 26th of\\nJanuary, 1840. He came to the United States in the fall of 1861.\\nBefore leaving his native country he had acquired a good education,\\nand had learned the trade of a machinist. He first located at Fort\\nWayne, Indiana, where for eleven years he was employed in the shops of\\nthe Wabash Railway Company. On the first of January, 1874, he came\\nto Danville and took charge of the shops of the C. D. V. R. R.,\\nwhere he remained for two years, then in 1877 he became a partner of\\nMr. Reynolds in the foundry and machine shops, later succeeding Mr.\\nReynolds in the business. He is a thorough machinist, having served\\na five-years apprenticeship in learning the trade in Scotland. He is\\n31", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0579.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "482 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nnow giving employment to about iifteeu men, and is already designing\\na new boiler factory in addition to bis present works, a more complete\\nconception of which may be bad by referring to his card in the direc-\\ntory of tins work. Mr. Stewart, though a resident of Danville but a\\nfew years, has already established a name and reputation of which any\\nman who is a native of a foreign land may well be proud.\\nH. L. Dunham, Danville, was born on the 12th of March, 1848, at\\nNorthfield, Vermont. When he was about fifteen years old he entered\\nthe office of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne Chicago railroad as clerk.\\nHere he remained for a number of years. He then accepted a position\\nwith the Union Pacific railroad as superintendent s clerk, which place\\nhe filled about three years. Then, for a time, he was in the employ\\nof the Southern Minnesota railroad. On the 17th of April, 1871, Mr.\\nDunham entered the service of the Chicago Eastern Illinois railroad.\\nHe was first stationed at Momence as shop-clerk, and from that he was\\nappointed superintendent s clerk, making his headquarters at Chicago.\\nIn 1872 he was made paymaster of the same road, which place he filled\\nuntil 1874, when the company adopted the plan of paying off by\\nchecks, and by this system they dispensed with the paymaster. In\\n1874 Mr. Dunham came to Danville, and was made shop-clerk, which\\nposition he has tilled since.\\nTo the men who can look back upon the trade in the early days of\\nDanville, the magnitude of some of the present business establishments\\nmust look amazing. A few of them, in immensity and in the variety,\\nquality and quantity of goods offered for sale, fully equal the stores in\\ncities of fifty thousand inhabitants. Among them the establishment\\nof Messrs. Hull Hulce is a notable example of the progress made in\\nthe past few years in the agricultural department. Their valuable ex-\\nperience in all matters pertaining to this business; their keen apprecia-\\ntion of the wants of the farmer their promptitude and the completeness\\nwith which they meet these wants; their resources and extended facili-\\nties for supplying every demand of the farm, together with the careful\\nand systematic methods followed in the management of their affairs,\\nafford some little explanation for the prosperity which has attended\\ntheir business career. This, the largest agricultural establishment in\\nthis vicinity, is owned by James G. Hull and Martin H. Hulce. The\\nformer, James G. Hull, was born in St. Lawrence county, New York,\\nin 1841. He, with his parents, came west in 1851, and located on a\\nfarm in Marshall county, Illinois. Here Mr. Hull was engaged in\\nfarming until the breaking out of the late war. He enlisted in the\\n11th 111. Cav., Co. H, and participated in some of the most severe bat-\\ntles of the western campaign Shiloh, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, etc.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0580.jp2"}, "581": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 483\\nwas with the noted Garson raid through to the Gulf. For six months\\nthe soldiers of the 11th were never known to have their clothes off.\\nMr. Hull has had two horses shot from under him. He enlisted in\\n1861 as private; from that he rose first to corporal, then sergeant, and\\nthen to first lieutenant, and finally to captain of Co. H. He served\\nuntil 1865, the close of the war, when he returned to his home, and\\nembarked in the agricultural business in Henry, Marshall county, Ill-\\ninois. In 1868 Mr. Martin H. Hulce entered partnership. This gen-\\ntleman was born in New Jersey, having come west when a young man.\\nHe is a carriage-maker by trade. In 1874 these gentlemen came to\\nDanville, and commenced business in the present building: size,\\n48x132, two stories. This establishment is the largest in this section\\nof Illinois, and perhaps sells as much as any other three establishments\\nof the kind in Danville. Here may be found all kinds of implements\\nthat are used on a farm, from a linch-pin up to a steam threshing ma-\\nchine. They keep constantly on hand a fine stock of seeds.\\nF. W. Button, Danville, manufacturer of boilers, proprietor of the\\nButton Steam Boiler Factory, is a native of the state of New York.\\nPrevious to his engaging in the manufacture of this line of goods in\\nDanville, he had for some time had charge of the boiler works of the\\nWabash railroad, at Springfield. He is a thoroughly practical man in\\nhis line of trade and manufacture, having had about twenty years ex-\\nperience in the manufacture of boilers. In 1866 he came west as far\\nas Chicago, where he remained but a short time. He then made a trip\\nthrough the southern states during the same year and 1867. Returning\\nnorth, he spent some time in Galesburg and Springfield, as before men-\\ntioned, and located in Danville in 1875. Here he has established\\nsomething of a name and reputation, and has a trade established reaching\\nabout forty miles around the city. On an average he employs about\\nfour men, and is doing his work in such a manner that his trade has\\nbeen gradually increasing. He is giving his customers such goods as\\nwill bear inspection.\\nC. V. Feldkamp, Danville, dealer in confectionery and fruits. North\\nVermilion street, is a native of Germany, where he remained a resi-\\ndent until nineteen years of age. There he received a good education\\nand served an apprenticeship of three years learning the wholesale and\\nretail grocery business. In addition to working three years he was\\nobliged to pay the firm $125. He has now been engaged in business\\nin Danville about four years, though previous to this he had spent\\nthree years in Springfield, Illinois, in the same line of trade. When\\nhe began here he had a partner in the business, but now is conducting\\nit alone. His place of business is neatly fitted up and well stocked", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0581.jp2"}, "582": {"fulltext": "484 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwith fresh fruits and confectionery. He has an elegant soda fountain\\nwhich cost him $1,000. By a pleasant and courteous treatment of his\\ncustomers he has established the leading business in the city in his line.\\nAmong the business men of Danville who have been dependent\\nupon their own resources we mention Mr. W. A. Clements. He is a\\nnative of the District of Columbia, was born in 1827, and while yet a\\nchild became a resident of Maryland, where his people remained but a\\nfew years, he coming to Sliell^ville, Illinois, with his mother in 1836.\\nAt the age of nine years he began to support himself. He first worked\\nabout four years on a farm, and then began carrying the United States\\nmail between Shelb} r ville and Vandalia, a distance of forty miles. This\\nhe followed for seven years, and then entered the army in the Mexican\\nwar, enlisting in Co. G, 1st 111., Col. E. W. B. Newby. He remained\\nin the army about two years, most of the time on detached duty. Re-\\nturning from the war, he again became a resident of Shelbyville, where\\nhe resided until 1875, engaging indifferent lines of mercantile business.\\nIn January, 1875, he came to Danville and embarked in the grocery\\ntrade, in which business he is still engaged, located at old No. 54 Ver-\\nmilion street, where he has a good establishment, well stocked with\\neverything pertaining to a general line of groceries. This has been\\nthe result of his own energy and industry. He can certainly be classed\\namong the self-made men of Danville.\\nWm. Bahls, Danville, dealer in and manufacturer of boots and shoes,\\nis a native of Prussia, and came to the United States in 1854. When\\nhe was seventeen years old be began railroading, which he followed for\\na time. He then served a three years apprenticeship in La Fayette,\\nIndiana, in learning the trade of a boot and shoe maker. He has now\\nbeen in the business about ten years, the last four of which have been\\nin an establishment of his own. His specialty is fine sewed work.\\nHe has now established a trade that requires the employment of three\\nmen; and in connection with his manufacturing, he carries a stock of\\nready-made goods, and has a trade now established amounting to about\\n$6,000 per year. Though he does not claim to do the largest business\\nin the city, he has succeeded in doing one that gives satisfaction to his\\ncustomers.\\nC. E. Doyle, railroad agent at the Danville Junction, is a native of\\nthe state of Florida, and is a man now about twenty-eight years old.\\nHe has had about thirteen years experience in the railroad business.\\nHe began first with the Iron Mountain road, in 1866 he was after-\\nward located for two and a half years at La Fayette, Indiana, in the\\nemploy of the Wabash road in 1875 he came to Danville and accepted\\nthe position of ticket agent at the Junction. Here he has the ticket", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0582.jp2"}, "583": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 485\\nbusiness of live different roads to which to attend. In 1878 the ticket\\nsales of this office were $50,000. Daily, he has about eighteen regular\\npassenger trains. He also understands telegraphy, but he has a man\\nto attend to this part of the business. Though he has been a resident\\nof Danville but a few years, he has already won the respect and conn-\\nden ce of the better class of the citizens.\\nGeorge Gordon Mabin, Danville, attorney, was born in Memphis,\\nTennessee, on the 30th of March, 1853. Through the misfortune of\\nhis parents, he w T as thrown upon his own resources at the early age of\\nten years. By the assistance of Prof. H. S. Perrigo, he was sent to\\nschool at Mount Carroll Seminary, of Carroll county, Illinois. There\\nhe made rapid progress in the common branches, and in 1871 entered\\nthe Illinois Industrial University, and began a literary course which he\\npursued for three years. He then left college without completing his\\ncollegiate course, and began the study of law with T. J. Smith, of\\nChampaign, Illinois. In 1875 he came to Danville and finished his\\ncourse of law under W. R. Lawrence and Young Penwell. In\\n1877, at the age of twenty- four, he was admitted to the bar at Ottawa,\\nIllinois, and began the practice of law in Danville the same year,\\nwhere he has since resided, engaged in the practice of law.\\nF. G. Irwin, Danville, druggist, corner Main and Hazel streets, is a\\nnative of Bartholomew county, Indiana. He was born in 1846, and\\nremained a resident of that county until 1863, when he removed to\\nRnshville, Indiana, and from there to Eugene, Vermilion county, of\\nthe same state, where he was engaged in the drug trade from 1865 to\\n1875; he then removed to Danville and began business in the same\\nline. Many men with less enterprise would have feared to engage in\\na business which was already so well represented but understanding\\nfrom past experience that opposition is the life of trade, he began\\nwith a full understanding of the difficulties to be overcome. His store\\nis twenty-four feet front by seventy deep, and stocked with a full line\\nof pure drugs and medicines, perfumeries, cigars, tobaccos, etc. etc.\\nThese, with a neat and tastily arranged store, are all conducive to his\\nsuccess; but no more so than a fine family recipe department, over\\nwhich he presides personally. He is a thoroughly educated druggist\\nof sixteen years experience. By his close attention to business, and\\npolite and courteous treatment of customers, he has already established\\na fine business in Danville.\\nW. F. Baum, one of the popular druggists of Danville, is a native\\nof Fountain county, Indiana. He has had ten years experience in the\\ndrug trade, beginning in the business first in -Covington, Indiana.\\nFrom there he went to Marshneld in August of 1872, where he spent", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0583.jp2"}, "584": {"fulltext": "486 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthree years in the business, one year of this time he managed an estab-\\nlishment of his own. Closing out in business there he came to Dan-\\nville, where he now has one of the neatest and most centrally located\\nestablishments in the city. He was first located on Vermilion street,\\nbut in December of 1878 removed to his present quarters, northwest\\ncorner Vermilion and Main streets. Here he has his establishment\\nstocked with a nice fresh line of goods, consisting of pure drugs, medi-\\ncines, perfumeries, paints, oils, cigars, tobaccos, etc. etc. He has a neat\\nand tastily arranged store, and is enjoying the success merited by his\\nenterprise and close attention to business.\\nIt is seldom we find a man at the age of Mr. John Stein, the brewer\\nof Danville, he being twenty-eight years old, who by his own\\nefforts has accumulated the property that he has. He is a native of\\nGermany there he learned the trade of a brewer with his father, who\\nfollowed the brewery business in Germany. In 1868 he came to the\\nUnited States. For a time he was located near Milwaukee, Wisconsin,\\nbut later moved to Covington, Indiana, where he lived for a time en-\\ngaged in his line, and in 1875 came to Danville and began business for\\nhimself. Here, by a close attention to business, he has accumulated a\\nfine property and established a good business. He built the brewery\\nhe is now running, and though he at one time lost heavily on account\\nof not having ice in proper time, he still has a property valued at near\\n$12,000. Some idea of the extent of his business may be gained when\\nit is known that he manufactures from eighteen to nineteen thousand\\nbarrels of beer annually, his business aggregating about $18,000 per\\nannum. He supplies a large part of the home demand and does some\\nshipping. Should he be as successful in the future as he has been in\\nthe past, he may yet rank among the large brewers of the west.\\nFrield Miller Son, Danville, manufacturers of what is known as\\nthe Beethoven organs, is one of the most enterprising firms of the city.\\nFrield Miller, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Baden,\\nGermany, and in 1830 came to the United States with his parents, he\\nbeing six years old. His parents first located in Lebanon county, Penn-\\nsylvania, where they remained about seven years, and then removed to\\nRichland county, Ohio. It was there, while Mr. Miller was yet a boy,\\nthat he received his education at the country schools, and was em-\\nployed for a long time when the feeder of the canal through Mercer\\ncounty was built, using his earnings in the support of his parents.\\nHe has had thirty-two years experience in the manufacture of organs.\\nHe first learned the trade of a wagon-maker, and afterward learned the\\ntrade of manufacturer of organs in Williams county, Ohio. From\\nthere he went to Canada, locating at Woodstock, after having spent", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0584.jp2"}, "585": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 487\\nabout three years at Tillsonburg in the making of wagons and\\ncarriages. At Woodstock he began the manufacturing of organs, re-\\nmaining there about eight years, when he went to Toronto, where he\\nbecame a member of a joint stock company for about eighteen months,\\nduring which time he had charge of about one hundred men. In 1875\\nhe came to Danville and began the making of the Beethoven organ. At\\nthis time his son, J. M., became a member of the firm, the firm name\\nbeing F. Miller Son. They first began their work in what was\\nknown as the old Schroder building, and in 1876 built their present\\nfactory on East Main street. Here they have a capacity for manufac-\\nturing ten instruments per week. They have in all three different\\nstyles of organs. Though they have been here but a few years, their\\nwork has already a name and reputation ranking with old established\\nhouses.\\nWilliam J. Calhoun, Danville, attorn ey-at-l aw, was born in Pitts-\\nburgh, Pennsylvania, on the 5th of October, 1847, and is the son of\\nRobert and Sarah (Knox) Calhoun. His mother was a native of Penn-\\nsylvania, and his father a native of Ireland, having emigrated to America\\nwhen he was about ten years of age, and engaged in the mercantile busi-\\nness in Pittsburgh. When Mr. Calhoun was about two years old he,\\nwith his parents, moved to New Castle, Pennsylvania, and from, there\\nthey moved to Mt. Jackson, the same state. Here his mother died in\\n1857, at about thirty-two years of age. His father remarried to Mrs. Sarah\\nTaip, of New Brighton, Pennsylvania. The family then moved to Ohio,\\nand on a farm Mr. Calhoun worked until 1864, when he entered the\\nlate war in the 19th Ohio Yol. Inf., as private in Co. B, for three years.\\nHe participated in a number of very severe battles when he was with\\nGeneral Sherman on his march to Atlanta. He returned with General\\nThomas to Nashville. After serving until the close of the war he was\\nmustered out at San Antonio, Texas, and received his final discharge\\nat Columbus, Ohio, December, 1865. He then entered the Polland\\nUnion Seminary of Ohio, where he graduated. He then came to Illi-\\nnois and located in Areola, Douglas county. Here he commenced\\nthe study of law and entered the law school of Chicago. He came to\\nDanville and entered the office of J. B. Mann, Esq., and in 1875 was\\nadmitted to the Illinois Bar. The same year he entered as a law\\npartner with J. B. Mann, Esq., and to-day it is the firm of Mann, Cal-\\nhoun Frazier, one of the strongest law firms of this vicinity. Mr.\\nCalhoun was married in December, 1876, to Miss Alice Harmon, of\\nMonroe county, New York, and by this marriage they have two\\nchildren.\\nJoseph G. Cannon, Danville, banker, was born in Guilford county,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0585.jp2"}, "586": {"fulltext": "488 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nNorth Carolina, on the 7th of May, 1830, and is the son of Dr. Horace\\nF. Cannon, a native of North Carolina. When Mr. Cannon was four\\nyears of age he, with his parents, emigrated west to Indiana and lo-\\ncated in Annapolis, Parke county, where his father followed the prac-\\ntice of medicine up to his death, which occurred in 1850. The subject\\nof onr sketch received his principal education at the Bloomingdale\\nAcademy of Annapolis, a leading Quaker school. At fifteen years of\\nage he entered as clerk in a general store, at Annapolis, where he re-\\nmained until twenty years of age. He then began the reading of law,\\nentering the Cincinnati Law School, of which he is a graduate. He\\nthen came to Illinois, locating at Tuscola, and commenced the practice\\nof law, where he remained until 1876. While a resident of Tuscola\\nhe held the office of state s attorney for eight years, practicing in Ford,\\nChampaign, Douglas, Coles, Yermilion, and Edgar counties. In 1872\\nhe was elected congressman by the republican party, and reelected in\\n1874-76-78. In 1876 Mr. Cannon moved to Danville, which has since\\nbeen his home. He was married in 1862 to Miss Mary P. Reed,\\ndaughter of John C. and Frances M. Reed. By this marriage they\\nhave had three children.\\nGeorge Kamper, Danville, news-dealer and stationer, was born in\\nthe kingdom of Hanover, Germany, on the 2Sth of February, 1854.\\nHe came to America in 1868, and commenced his first experience in\\nthe news line as newsboy on the Indianapolis St. Louis railroad.\\nFrom that one he has run on most of the principal railroads west. In\\nNovember, 1876, he came to Danville and commenced his present busi-\\nness, and to-day he is doing the leading business in his line. He is the\\ngeneral agent for the leading daily newspapers of Chicago, Indianapolis,\\nSt. Louis and Cincinnati. His sales in this line have been as high as\\neight hundred and fifty daily papers in one day in the city of Danville.\\nMr. Kamper has the general run of the daily papers from Chicago to\\nDanville, furnishing most of the towns between these two points.\\nThomas J. Elliott, Danville, dry-goods dealer, is one of Danville s\\nenterprising merchants. He was born in Cumberland county, Pennsyl-\\nvania, in 1829, and is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Zeigler) Elliott,\\nof Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer; Mr. Elliott was brought\\nup on the farm. He received a common-school education, and then\\nbegan to teach school. At twenty years of age he entered a dry goods\\nstore as clerk. He then came west and located in Attica, Indiana,\\nwhore he was engaged in the dry-goods business. From there he went\\nto Indianapolis, Indiana, where he remained about six months. He\\nthen went to Wabash, Indiana, when in 1876 he came to Danville and\\nentered the dry-goods and notion business. He employs three clerks.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0586.jp2"}, "587": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 489\\nHis store is located at No. 70 Main street. Mr. Elliott was married in\\n1859, at Attica, Indiana, to Miss Josephine Hobert, of New York. By\\nthis union they have three children.\\nThere always seems to be room in any city for a good, wide-awake\\nbusiness man, in whatever line of trade he may choose to engage. A\\npractical demonstration of this fact has been made by Mr. J. H. White,\\nproprietor of the Danville Fruit House. Some men in engaging in a\\nbusiness seem to gather their ideas almost wholly from other dealers in\\nthe same or similar lines of business. This does not seem to be his\\nmethod of success, as he is constantly on the watch to add some new\\npublic want to his already extensive business. When he began business\\nin Danville, on the 12th of June, 1877, it was in a little cramped-up\\ncorner of his present place of business, Nos. 56 and 5S North Vermilion\\nstreet. By good financiering, or a wonderful run of luck (a risky thing\\nto depend on), he has gradually increased his business, until now he is\\ndoing both a retail and wholesale business in oysters, fruits, nuts, con-\\nfectionery, etc. He is also manufacturing extracts, baking-powders,\\nwashing-blue and New York beer. During the season he also does a\\ncommission business in domestic fruits; this, in addition to a fine stock\\nof fancy groceries, which he also carries, makes up a business of which\\nhe, or any other White man, ought to be proud. We may also men-\\ntion a new $250 steam peanut-roaster that he has recently purchased.\\nThis has proved to be a curiosity which thus far has been liberally pat-\\nronized by all classes. Mr. White is a native of Scott county, Illinois.\\nIn 1855 he went to St. Louis, and in 1858 began boating, which he fol-\\nlowed until 1869. He then began traveling, remaining on the road\\nuntil 1877, when he came to Danville and engaged in business as above\\nstated.\\nIn speaking of the railroad men of Danville we mention Mr. D. G.\\nMoore as holding the most responsible position of any of those who are\\nresidents of the city. January 1, 1866, he first began his railroad life\\nby entering the employment of the C. B. Q. R. R. Company, at\\nChicago. In October of the same year he engaged with the T. W.\\nW. road, and has since been connected with this road, though the name\\nof the line has recently been changed to the Wabash Railwa} From\\nOctober, 1866, to August 1, 1877, he was located at Springfield, Illi-\\nnois, being connected there with the treasury department. AYhen he\\ncame to Danville, August 1, 1877, it was to take charge of all business\\npertaining to the road at this point. This being what is known as the\\njoint station between the eastern and western divisions of the road, the\\nimportance of the work and responsibility connected therewith is\\ngreatly increased. Mr. Moore has about thirty men under his super-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0587.jp2"}, "588": {"fulltext": "490 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nvision, some of whom are also filling very important positions, though\\nthe responsibility of all rests with himself. To give a detailed history\\nof the Wabash road at this point would require too much space. We\\nmay add that under Mr. Moore s management the business has been\\ndone in the best order possible, there being few men equal to him in\\nsimilar executive ability.\\nDr. H. H. Clark, physician and surgeon, who has been a resident of\\nDanville only since 1877, has had a very exciting and eventful life, and\\nto give a complete history of it would require a book half as large as\\nthis volume. He is a native of Onondaga county, New York. His\\nancestry is French, though his parents are natives of Massachusetts.\\nHe was eight years old when his people went to Walworth county,\\nWisconsin he remained there till fourteen years old, when he went to\\nthe city of Chicago. After leaving there he spent several years in\\ntravel, finally locating in Edwardsville, Illinois, in 1854. In 1861 he\\nentered the regular army, remaining in the service for five years.\\nThese five years were spent on post duty and at the operating board\\nand in the field hospital. These five years of the practice of surgery\\nin the army has probably made Mr. Clark more perfect in the science\\nof surgery than any physician in Vermilion county. He resigned his\\nposition of surgeon at Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1866, and returned\\nto Edwards county. He was elected six times coroner of that county,\\nand upon the death of the sheriff filled that office for a time. He was\\nalso examining surgeon from 1866 to February of 1877, when he re-\\nmoved to Danville where he has since resided, giving his time exclu-\\nsively to his practice. His specialty is surgery and diseases of the eye.\\nHe is also, at present, surgeon of the C. E. I. R. E. at this point.\\nThe old woolen mill, now run successfully by Riggs and Menig, is\\none of the old landmarks of Vermilion county. It was built in 1844\\nby Hopson Ailsworth, and has been through many hands since, and\\nhas undergone many changes of remodeling. It has been operated by\\nhand, water, and the present method of driving the machinery steam\\npower. There is probably not another manufacturing establishment\\nin the county so well known as this one. It is located on the bank of\\nthe north fork of the Vermilion, just above the bridge, and is supplied\\nwith an abundance of water for all purposes by a series of fine springs\\nlocated farther up the bluff. Since it has been in the hands of the\\npresent firm they have added the manufacture of soaps; this they have\\nalso made quite an extensive business. They have been running the\\nmill since 1877. In all they give employment to about ten men. Mr.\\nF. Menig, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Bavaria, Germany,\\nwhere he was born in October of 1840. In 1857 he came to the United", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0588.jp2"}, "589": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 491\\nStates and began learning the baker s trade. In 1858 he enlisted in the\\nIT. S. regular army. Company C, 4th artillery here he remained for\\nlive years and then was three years in the ordinance department. Dur-\\ning his service as a soldier he spent two and a half years in Utah fight-\\ning Indians. He still has a couple of scars to remember them by, on\\nthe knee and head, where he was wounded by arrows. During his\\nservice he was, among other battles, at Antietam, the seven days fight\\nand retreat at Richmond, and at the battle of Gettysburg. He certainly\\nis entitled to a full share of the honors due the soldiers of our great\\nwar. He has had eleven years experience in his present business. He\\nlost his right arm in 1873 in this same business in which he was\\nengaged in Ohio. His life certainly has been a varied and eventful\\none, though now we find him in a quiet, steady business, one of the\\nhonored and respected business men of Danville.\\nAllen Cooke, Danville, was born in Worcester, Worcester county,\\nMassachusetts, on the 19th of September, 1829, and is the son of Wel-\\ncome B. Cooke, of Massachusetts, who was a farmer there. On the\\nfarm Mr. Cooke remained until he was about seventeen years old.\\nFrom the farm he entered the employ of the Boston Worcester R.\\nR., in the freight house, at Milford, Massachusetts, engaged in loading\\nfreight. From that he entered the engine-house of the same rail-\\nroad, and from there he entered, in 1852, the employ of the Cleveland\\nToledo R. R. In 1S53 he was made engineer, and ran on the C.\\nT. R. R. from 1853 to 1859. He then was appointed foreman of the\\nronnd-house at Norwalk, Ohio, which place he filled until 1869. He\\nthen was made master mechanic, which position he filled but a short\\ntime, as the company did not pay sufficient salary. He resigned and\\naccepted a position as master mechanic of the Atlantic Great West-\\nern R. R., making headquarters at Galion, Ohio. There he remained\\nin the employ of this company until 1873. Mr. Cooke was in the em-\\nploy of the railroads from about 1846 till 1873, a period of twenty-\\nseven years. His intentions were to retire from railroad life, and he\\nwent to Rhode Island, locating at Allenville, and commenced the gro-\\ncery business. Here he remained until 1877, when he came west and\\naccepted a position with the Chicago Eastern Illinois R. R., taking\\ncharge of the engines and cars at this place. This position he has occu-\\npied ever since.\\nGeorge Leslie and Silas Black, natives of Belfast, Ireland, came to this\\ncountry in October, of 1869. They first located in Indianapolis, and\\nwere there engaged principally trading in real estate up to 1871,\\nwhen they removed to Brazil, Clay county, Indiana. There they were\\nengaged in dry -goods business, with a branch house at Alexandria, in", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0589.jp2"}, "590": {"fulltext": "492 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe same county, where they handled dry goods, groceries and general\\nmerchandise, and had, also, charge of the post-office at Alexandria.\\nIn these places they did the largest trade in the county up to Septem-\\nber, of 1877, when they felt compelled to look up a location where\\nthey would have better facilities for the extension of their business.\\nThey located here at Danville at 109 and 111 Main street, in the Gid-\\ndings block, where they were engaged in the dry-goods business exclu-\\nsively up to March of 1879, when they took in an additional room,\\nNo. 113 Main street, in which they put a stock of groceries. These\\nthree rooms all communicate by means of arches. Taken as a whole,\\nthis business is one of the most extensive in the state outside of Chi-\\ncago, doing a business of over $65,000 per year. Their parents, John\\nand M. E. Black, are natives of Belfast. Mr. John Black engaged\\nprincipally in loaning money, being a member of a loan fund society\\nof which he has been a director for over thirty years. All the members\\nof the firm of Black Brothers have had an extensive experience in\\nthe dry-goods business in Belfast. Silas Black, the junior member of\\nthe firm, was a student of the Queen s College, Belfast, for four years;\\nalso of the Indiana Medical College and College of Physicians and\\nSurgeons, of Indiana, of which latter he is a graduate, with honor, in\\ntoken of which he obtained a fifty-dollar gold medal. He is not a\\npracticing physician.\\nIsaac Porter, Danville, dealer in dry-goods and notions, was born in\\nVermilion county, Indiana, on the 13th of January, 1833, and is the\\nson of Judge John R. and Mary (Worth) Porter, who were among the\\nearl} r settlers of Vermilion county, Indiana, having made their home\\nthere in 1826. Judge John R. Porter was born in Berkshire county,\\nMassachusetts, on the 22d of February, 1796. He entered Union Col-\\nlege, New York, in 1813, from which he graduated in 1815, taking the\\nfirst honors of his class. He then entered upon the study of law, and\\nin 1818 became a partner of his preceptor. The year 1S19 found him\\non his way to the far west. Armed with letters of introduction to\\nHenry Clay and others, he landed in Louisville, Kentucky, in December,\\n1819. Finding nothing to induce him to remain there, he went to\\nIndiana and located in Paoli, Orange county, where he commenced the\\npractice of law. Soon after this he made the acquaintance of Charles\\nDewey and others of the bar, who became his life-long friends. Mr.\\nPorter was commissioned postmaster of Paoli in 1822. In 1S25 he was\\nappointed circuit judge, and the same year was one of the commis-\\nsioners to locate the seat of justice of Fountain county, Indiana, which\\nwas formed from the counties of Montgomery and Wabash. He was\\nmarried on the 13th of November, 1825. to Miss Mary Worth. The", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0590.jp2"}, "591": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 493\\nlegislative changes of his judicial circuit were so frequent and so great\\nthat he held courts during his term of service from the counties on the\\nOhio river to those of the lakes. In 1832 he assisted in making a\\ntreaty with the Indians. Many of the early courts of Judge Porter\\nwere held in private residences selected by the legislature. Judge\\nPorter assisted in laying the foundation of Indiana jurisprudence. In\\n1833, by the act of the legislature organizing the eighth judicial dis-\\ntrict, he was greatly relieved by having his circuit cut down to a civil-\\nized boundary, which gave him more time to be at home with his\\nfamily, which he loved so well. His term as circuit judge expired in\\n1837, and he was afterward elected judge of the court of common\\npleas for the counties of Vermilion and Park, which office he held at\\nthe time of his death, which occurred on the 23d of April, 1853. Isaac\\nPorter, the subject of this sketch, during his residence in Vermilion\\ncounty, Indiana, was one among the most prominent citizens of the\\ncounty. In 1860 he was elected sheriff of Vermilion county, Indiana,\\nwhich office he filled with honor and credit for four years. He was\\nmarried in 1860 to Miss Alice Millekin, of Hamilton, Butler county,\\nOhio. They have one child, Harry. Mr. Porter moved to Danville,\\nIllinois, in 1877, where he commenced in the dry-goods business, and\\nto-clay ranks as one of Danville s leading business men.\\nThe establishment recently conducted under the firm name of Brand\\nHarper, dealers in millinery and notions, was founded in 1878, and\\nis now one of the largest, most reputable and successful business houses\\nin the city, and holds a position for integrity above an average char-\\nacter. William F. Brand has purchased Mr. Harper s interest, and now\\nmanages the business alone, having removed from their old stand, 50\\nVermilion street, to No. 46 on the same street. Mr. Brand was born\\nin Germany, and having come to America in 1865, he came west, and\\nlocated in Quincy, Illinois, where he was connected with a prominent\\ndry-goods house. From there he went to Springfield and accepted\\na similar position with Kimber, Ragsdale Co., filling the very im-\\nportant position of purchasing agent. In Springfield he met Mr.\\nHarper, who afterward became his partner. Mr. Brand s stock is the\\nlargest and among the finest in this vicinity. He einplo} r s some eight\\nhands, and the work turned out of this establishment is of a superior\\nquality.\\nIn speaking of Mr. J. S. Frantz and his business as a druggist, we\\ncannot give a better idea of the good taste and judgment he has used\\nin fitting up his new store, 135 East Main street, than to repeat the\\nremark made by nearly every passer-by, especially after gas-light, viz:\\nWhat an elegant new drug store! He has had twelve ears experi-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0591.jp2"}, "592": {"fulltext": "494 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nence in the drug trade. Though he has been engaged in the business\\nin Danville but one year, yet in this short time he has become well\\nknown, having already established a good trade, which bids fair to in-\\ncrease, now that he has fitted up a store that in point of neatness is\\nequal to anything in the west. Mr. Frantz is a native of Armstrong\\ncounty, Pennsylvania. He came west in 1858 and located at Sidney,\\nwhere he remained a short time. In 1861, at the breaking out of the\\nrebellion, he entered the Union army, enlisting in the 2d 111. Cav., Co.\\nI, three-years service. He participated in many of the heavy battles,\\namong which may be mentioned the battles of Bolivar, Holty Springs,\\nBaker s Creek, Jackson, Mississippi, the Black Hills fight and the Red\\nRiver campaign of forty days. He was in the service three years and\\nthree months, being mustered out at Springfield, Illinois. After the\\nwar he located at Homer, Illinois, and came to Danville, as above stated.\\nProf. A. B. Chilcoat was born in Huntingdon comity, Pennsylvania.\\nHe came to Ohio -when he was but a year old, and here received a\\ncommon-school education. In 1861 he came to Illinois, and located in\\nParis, Edgar county. In 1872 he graduated at Duff s Mercantile\\nBusiness College, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has taught school\\nsome eleven years. Prof. E. Chilcoat was born in Ohio, and is a\\ngraduate of one of the leading colleges of that state. He has taught\\nschool for a number of 7 ears. In 1878 these gentlemen came to Dan-\\nville and commenced their present school, which is in a very flourishing\\ncondition, and has fair prospects of becoming one of the leading insti-\\ntutions of learning in this vicinity.\\nWilliam Hoi bum, foreman of Stewart s foundry and machine shops,\\nDanville, is a native of Ayrshire, Scotland. He has had about eighteen\\nyears experience in his business, serving first a five years apprentice-\\nship in Scotland. Coming to the United States in 1868, he spent three\\nyears in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and then went to Fort Wayne,\\nIndiana, where he spent about the same length of time; thence to\\nLafayette, where he was also about three years. He then returned to\\nFort Wayne for about a year and a half, and in March of 1879 accepted\\nhis present position in Danville. He now has about eighteen men\\nunder his charge, and has thus far conducted the business to the satis-\\nfaction of his employer.\\nCharley Kaufmann, Danville, clothing, or better known as Cheap\\nCharley, has probably established himself in business and made his\\nname familiar to the people of Vermilion county in a shorter time than\\nany business man who ever attempted to do business in the city.\\nThe establishment, of which he is manager, is a branch of an extensive\\nmanufacturing house of Chicago, known as Kaufmann Bachroch,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0592.jp2"}, "593": {"fulltext": "DANVILLE TOWNSHIP. 495\\nthey having in all about fifteen different stores, located in Illinois,\\nMichigan, Minnesota, Indiana, Kansas and Missouri. They employ\\nabout seventy clerks and managers. The advantage of these branch\\nhouses may readily be seen when it is known that goods are bought by\\nthe firm direct from the manufacturers and made into clothing and sup-\\nplied to the different stores, as needed, at much less cost than other firms\\nare able to buy the same quality of goods. Their establishment in Dan-\\nville was opened by Cheap Charley on the 15th of March, 1879. He\\nis a native of Germany. There he received a liberal education, on\\naccount of which he was exempt from all but one year of military\\nservice, instead of three years, as was the law. His brother, who is\\nnow in Chicago, has resided there for fifteen years, and was superin-\\ntendent of the German Aid Society during the fire of 1871. Though\\nCheap Charley has been a resident of the United States only since 1878,\\nhe has already become so well acquainted with the customs of the\\npeople as to be a successful business man, as has already been proven by\\nhis success in the city of Danville, there being already no name more\\nfamiliar to the people than that of Cheap Charley.\\nThe first institution of importance to point out to the traveling pub-\\nlic is a good hotel, at which to stop and refresh, satisfactorily, the wants\\nof the inner man, and this can conscientiously be said in naming the\\nvEtna House. Before reopening the ^Etna there was expended a large\\namount of money in furnishing, all of which has been recently newly\\nfurnished and the whole interior renovated, giving to the hotel a very\\nhome-like and cheerful appearance. Mr. W. G. Sherman, the present\\nmine host, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1840. He com-\\nmenced life by clerking in a grocery house. From there he became\\npartner in one of the leading wholesale grocery houses of Evansville,\\nIndiana, where he remained until 1866, when he went to Chicago and\\nentered the hotel business by taking charge of the Metropolitan Hotel.\\nFrom there he removed to the St. James Hotel, of the same city,\\nwhere he formed a great many acquaintances and made a host of\\nfriends. In 1871 he went to Grand Haven, Michigan, where he was\\nengaged in conducting two first-class hotels, the Cutler and Kirby\\nhouses. These hotels have a wide reputation of being among the first\\nhotels of Michigan. Mr. Sherman remained at Grand Haven until\\n1877, when he went to Indianapolis and took charge of the Grand\\nHotel, the leading firstclass house of that city, where he remained\\nabout nine months, when he came to Danville, and in July, 1879, he\\ntook charge of the ^Etna House. This is the most centrally located\\nhotel in Danville, and is surrounded by beautiful shade trees, and con-\\ntains the greatest number of outside cool and pleasant rooms of any", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0593.jp2"}, "594": {"fulltext": "496 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhotel in the city. It is just the place to spend your Sundays. Mr. W.\\nG. Elliott, recently of the Grand Hotel, Indianapolis, and the Arlington,\\nof Danville, and Mr. Charley Parker, are the accommodating clerks.\\nMr. Sherman was for a short time connected with the St. James, of\\nthis city. These gentlemen have made many friends by their uniform\\nkindness and pleasant manners.\\nWilliam P. Black, lawyer, Chicago, was born in Smithland, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 11th of November, 1842, and is the son of Rev. John\\nand Josephine L. (Cnlbertson) Black. His father was a Presbyterian\\nminister; he died at thirty-seven years of age in 1847, in Alleghany\\nCity, Pennsylvania, at which time he was pastor of the Second Presby-\\nterian Church at that place. In 1847 the mother of Mr. Black, with a\\nfamily of four children, came to Danville, Illinois. In 1860 the sub-\\nject of this sketch entered the Wabash College at Craw ford svi He, Indi-\\nana, but the breaking out of the war interrupted the collegiate course,\\nnever to be resumed. On April 15, 1861, Mr. Black enlisted with\\nabout i orty others of the students of the college, including his only\\nbrother, as a private soldier in Co. I, 11th Ind. Zouaves, commanded\\nby Colonel (afterward Major-General) Lew Wallace. He was mus-\\ntered out a corporal, and at once engaged in assisting in the work\\nof recruiting a company in Vermilion county, Illinois, for the three-\\nyears service, of which company he was elected captain, and with\\nwhich, as its captain, he was mustered into the service as Co. K, 37th\\n111. Yol. .Inf., a history of which appears in this work his commis-\\nsion as captain, dated September 1, 1861, being received before he\\nhad reached his nineteenth birthday. This position he filled faithfully\\nfor over three years, sharing with his regiment in its marches, skir-\\nmishes and battles, chief among which may be mentioned Pea Ridge,\\nPrairie Grove and siege of Yicksburg, in the latter part of which Cap-\\ntain Black held the responsible and most dangerous position of brigade\\npicket officer, having charge of the rifle-pits of his brigade, the occu-\\npation of Texas, and the observation of the empire of Maximilian.\\nCaptain Black returned to Danville, Illinois. In the fall of 1865 he\\ncommenced the study of law in the office of Arlington White, in\\nChicago; he was, in about sixteen months thereafter, admitted to prac-\\ntice. He returned to Danville, where he remained for only a }^ear en-\\ngaged at his chosen profession. In March, 1868, he returned to Chicago\\nand formed a partnership with Mr. Thomas Dent, which has since con-\\ntinned. These gentlemen have secured one of the largest and most\\nrespectable clientages in their city. Captain Black, in his political\\nviews, is an Independent he is a member of the First Presbyterian\\nChurch of Chicago. Mr. Black was married May 28, 1869, to Miss", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0594.jp2"}, "595": {"fulltext": "DAN V I L L.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0595.jp2"}, "596": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0596.jp2"}, "597": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 4i\u00c2\u00bbi\\nHortensia M. MacGreal, of Galveston, Texas. She is the eldest daugh-\\nter of the late Peter MacGreal, who was one of the leading lawyers of\\nthe Empire State of the southwest.\\nGEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP.\\nGeorgetown township lies in that portion of the county which is\\nsouth and east of the center. It is in the second tier of townships from\\nthe south boundary line of the county, and has the Indiana state line\\non its eastern border. It embraces all of congressional township 18\\nnorth, range 11 west, and the fraction of 18-10 which lies between the\\nformer and the state line, and six sections in the southeast corner of\\n18-12. The Vermilion River runs across its northeastern corner for\\nabout five miles, and so deep down is its bed that the surrounding\\ncountry is easily and perfectly drained into it. The Little Vermilion\\nmakes a short turn into its southern border, running through sections\\n33 and 34. The State Road, from Vincennes to Chicago, runs\\nacross the township, and the Salt-works Road, on which the products\\nof the salt springs were carried into eastern Indiana (long before com-\\nmercial intercourse had become so perfected that salt, boiled at Syra-\\ncuse, could be transported to Danville and sold cheaper than it could\\nbe made here), ran diagonally across it. The Danville Southwestern\\nrailroad runs through the town almost parallel with the State Road,\\nand has on it the two stations of Georgetown and Westville.\\nThe township was originally nearly all timber, there being only\\nabout one-third of it along its western border and in its center, which\\nwas prairie. Some of the earliest settlements in the county were made\\nwithin its borders, and considerable farms were cleared before people\\nlearned that they could live on the prairie. Coal is known to be un-\\nder pretty much all of the territory comprising this town and along\\nthe streams which flow into the Vermilion, its outcroppings have been\\nfreely worked. It was one of the first to be generally settled the\\nabundance of its timber, the water supply, the general make of the land,\\nand its proximity to the salt-works, which was the center of settle-\\nment at that day, drew to it those who first came to the county to\\nmake their pioneer homes.\\nThe first one to make a home here was Henry Johnson, who settled\\non section 36 (18-12), just two miles west of the village of George-\\ntown, in 1820. It was the same year in which Butler made his home at\\nButler s Point, and Seymour Treat at the salt-works. These three\\n32", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0597.jp2"}, "598": {"fulltext": "498 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nworthies were the pioneers of this county, and were here at nearly the\\nsame date. Mr. Johnson has been long gone from here, but he is\\nremembered as a man of generous impulses, and as a neighbor was\\nlittle, if any, less than a Good Samaritan. It is told of him (and\\nin the light of the present day it seems hard to believe) that he would\\nnot take interest of his neighbors to whom he loaned money for a time,\\nsimply because he did not believe it was right to do it. Very soon\\nafter him came his brother-in-law, Absalom Starr, who took up his\\nclaim the following year, 1821, on the same section, south of Johnson s,\\nwhere the then Mrs. Starr (now Mrs. Jones) yet resides. For fifty-\\neight years this good woman has lived here, performing all the arduous\\nduties which mothers in the pioneer days were called on to do, and has\\nseen the wild home of the red man converted into the busy abode of\\nprogressive civilization. Without seeming to realize it, she is now a\\nwonder and a surprise, and is to-day the oldest living resident of Ver-\\nmilion county, the story of whose life, trials, labors, triumphs and good\\ndeeds would make of itself a volume of fair proportions and enduring\\ninterest.\\nHenry Johnson, Mr. Starr, Jotham Lyons and John Jordan, all\\nsettled near each other, and their several histories are, when put to-\\ngether, so near a history of those times, that they will be grouped\\ntogether here. Mr. Johnson, after living here about twelve or four-\\nteen years, sold to Levy Long and went farther west. He purchased\\na fine farm on what was known back in the thirties as the Military\\nTract, though that name has largely passed out of memory now,\\nthat productive and beautiful region of country between the Illinois\\nand Mississippi rivers. Here he was making a good farm, when it\\nwas discovered that his title was worthless, and like so many others of\\nhis neighbors there, this kind, generous man, was rendered penniless\\nby the fraud of those land-sharks who gave the people of that beautiful\\ntract so much trouble in the early days, by forged land titles. His\\nplace here was for a long time known as Johnson s Point. John\\nJordan had his farm where John Jones now lives, east of the others.\\nHe was a good farmer, but his weakness was his generous desire to\\nhelp others. Security ruined him. Jotham Lyons took land just\\nwest of Johnson s where Cooper now lives. Uncle Jackey McDow-\\nell says that fifty-six years ago this summer he tended corn on that\\nfarm, and he thinks it has never failed to produce a crop in its season\\nfrom that time to this. Lyons died here and his children were scat-\\ntered from Wisconsin to Texas. Absalom Starr came here from Pal-\\nestine, where the land-office was located, before it was moved to Dan-\\nville, in the spring of 1821, and selected the piece of land which he", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0598.jp2"}, "599": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 499\\nthought he wanted. He remained on the farm at Palestine during the\\nseason of 21, and raised corn and wheat enough to keep him in meal\\nand Hour tor a year. This/was, coming into a new country, pretty well\\nfixed, for few of the pioneers were so well off. He sold his lease and\\ncame here in December, built a little cabin, and with his wife and four\\nchildren commenced life in his own house. Things looked bright for\\nthe young family, and why should they not? a little place of their own\\nfour bright growing children which would soon be their help; flour\\nand meal enough for a year; a good yoke of steers; good health and\\nclear consciences were theirs; surely, goodness and mercy had followed\\nthem, and they felt it. During that first winter, while Mr. Starr was\\nout on a coon hunt, his shoe hurt his heel, and after trying ineffectu-\\nally for some time to cure the troubled spot, to their great sorrow they\\nlearned that a cancer was working rapidly on him. Doctors were not\\nas thick as blackberries around here then, and the frightened couple\\nwhose prospects a few weeks before looked so bright, went back to\\nPalestine for medical aid. The doctor there agreed to warrant a radi-\\ncal, permanent cure for $50, casually remarking in an undertone, some-\\nthing about cutting off the limb if other powerful remedies failed.\\nThis kind of heroic treatment was not exactly in keeping with Mrs.\\nStarr s wishes in behalf of her husband, and being short of the $50 they\\ndecided not to employ this doctor. With sinking hearts they went\\nback to their little home, where deep sorrow and fearful forebodings\\ntook possession, where shortly before all was joy and hope. Oh who\\ncan now imagine the keen anguish that filled the soul of that brave,\\nfaithful wife and mother with a helpless husband and four children\\ntoo small to help her; the only growing crop upon which to depend\\nfor another year was her little garden and two acres of corn which she\\nplanted, after plowing the new land with one horse, in moments stolen\\nfrom her hours of rest, alone out there in the woods, far away from\\nfamily and friends who might have consoled or comforted her. It was\\nthen that the goodness of Henry Johnson showed itself. He gave\\nthem two acres of his cornfield, and they felt assured against starva-\\ntion.\\nMrs. Starr heard of an old Indian doctor whose reputation was\\nabove cutting off a man s best leg to cure his heel, and hunted him up.\\nHe could not talk English, but indicated plainly that he understood\\nwhat the trouble was, and went off to the Vermilion River, about seven\\nmiles away, and collected some herbs, which soon had the effect to\\ncure the troublesome disease. The Indian called himself Old Bona-\\nparte s Indian, and that was the name he went by. It was generally\\nunderstood that he had assumed the name from a kind of admiration", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0599.jp2"}, "600": {"fulltext": "500 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof the military renown of the man who was so famous about those\\ntimes.\\nMrs. Starr was the mother of eleven children, most of whom grew\\nup. After Mr. Starr s death, Mrs. S. became Mrs. Jones, and resides\\nin the large brick house on the land which she first helped get into\\ncultivation.\\nAchilles Morgan became a resident of this township as early as 1825.\\nHe lived where Joseph Stewart resides, on section 15, and was from\\nthe first recognized as one of the leading men in the county. He was\\none of the first county commissioners, and with Mr. Butler, organized\\nthe first county commissioners court at Butler s Point, by the appoint-\\nment of Amos Williams as clerk, and Charles Martin, constable, in\\nMarch, 1826. His family had been a famous one in Virginia, and were\\nknown as great Indian fighters. The traits which had made the family\\nprominent there were not wanting in him, and it is more than likely\\nthat the name given him was the selection of some one who intended\\nto perpetuate the direful recollections of Achilles wrath\\nAchilles wrath, to Greece the direful spring\\nOf woes unnumbered, heavenly goddess sing!\\nThat wrath which hurled to Pluto s gloomy reign\\nThe souls of mighty chiefs untimely slain;\\nWhose limbs, unburied on the naked shore,\\nDevouring dogs and hungry vultures tore:\\nSince great Achilles and Atrides strove,\\nSuch was the sovereign doom, and such the wdl of Jove.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Iliad, Book I.\\nSome of the earlier settlers here and in the township south were the\\nFriends, who were driven from their homes in East Tennessee and the\\nCarolinas by the firm position which the society had taken against the\\ninstitution of slavery. For more than a century this religious society\\nhas, by its discipline, its firm protests and its silent but effectual prayers,\\nbeen a standing menace to human slavery, and the spirit of that church\\ndid much to crystallize the moral sentiment of Christendom against the\\nabominations that were clustered around that relic of barbarism.\\nThese worthy people came here to be away from the blighting influ-\\nences and associations of the institution. They brought their religion\\nwith them, and their daily lives and history here have been a living\\nexemplification of gospel truth. The Haworths, the Hendersons, the\\nCanadays, the Mendenhalls, the Newlins, the Folgers, the Fletchers,\\nand many others of those who have passed away, as well as those who\\nstill remain, have given character to the community and worth to the\\ntownship. The strong traits of character which have made them a\\npeculiar people remain a rich legacy to this portion of the county.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0600.jp2"}, "601": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 501\\nThe settlements in and about Brooks Point were made among the\\nearliest in the town. Benjamin Brooks came from Indiana and looked\\nout the place on what is called the Spencer farm, now owned by\\nMr. English, and made claim to it. He went back to Indiana, and\\nbefore he returned here Spencer had taken the land, and Benjamin\\nCanaday gave him the claim at the point of timber, which from that\\ntime was known by his name. Bob Cotton and Mr. O Neal had moved in\\nin the meantime, and made quite a little neighborhood. It was here\\nthat James O Neal was born, probably the first white boy born in the\\ncounty, in 1822. Mr. Brooks died here and left five children. His\\nson Benjamin, who was two or three years old when he came here,\\nresides now in Danville township, and John lives in Catlin.\\nJames Stevens came from Indiana in 1826, and bought a claim which\\nMr. Crane had taken on section 9. He died in 1870. His son James\\nH. lives yet on the same section. H. P. Stevens lives on the old\\nhomestead, and William I. on section 7. Mr. Crane had been here\\nabout two years.\\nJames Waters, who came here in 1832, lives here yet, on a farm in\\nsection 8. Though now eighty years old, he is still able to attend to\\nhis work. He looks as though he would outlast his hat yet. His wife\\ndied three years ago. His father came here to live at about the same\\ndate.\\nIsaac Gones came here about 1825. John L. Sconce came here from\\nKentucky and settled in the same neighborhood. He also died in 1870.\\nHis son Philemon lives near here, and John L. at Eugene, Indiana.\\nJohn and James Black came at the same time from Kentucky, and\\nsettled on sections 4 and 5. They are both dead. James left no chil-\\ndren. John s son Robert lives just east of where his father settled,\\nand Samuel in Catlin. Mrs. Lockett lives in Catlin and Mrs. Eli Hen-\\nderson in Georgetown.\\nJohn Cage and O. S. and L. H. Graves, from Kentucky, with their\\nfather, James Graves, made homes on sections 17 and 18 about 1828.\\nThey have been prosperous farmers and useful, enterprising citizens.\\nJames Sandusky resides on section 9, where his father, Isaac, first\\ntook a claim when he came to this state from Kentucky. Isaac had\\nbeen in the war of 1812, and had been taken prisoner at Hull s sur-\\nrender, and escaping from captivity, he made his way back to Kentucky\\nthrough this region of the country. He decided then, standing on the\\nmound at Catlin village and viewing the landscape o er, to some day\\nown an eighty, or at least a forty, on that beautiful prairie. In 1828,\\nin pursuance of this decision, he came here and made his home first at\\nBrooks Point. He was a man of energy and thrift, and soon had land", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0601.jp2"}, "602": {"fulltext": "502 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nenough to satisfy his youthful aspirations, but not enough to give homes\\nto his seven children. He left James here and went himself to the\\nmound at Catlin, where he and his sons Harvey and Josiah bought\\npretty much all the land lying around Butler s Point. At one time it\\nbecame something of a question whether he or Henry Jones should\\nown the township. James Sandusky has ten children, eight of whom\\nlive here with him on the farm.\\nSouth of this Brooks Point neighborhood, Subel Ellis was among\\nthe first to make a farm. He was on section 29, and died there, leaving\\na son and four daughters, who remained here some time, and Mrs. Dukes\\nlives here yet. Achilles Morgan lived three miles east of this for a\\nwhile before going to Danville. James Ogden lived south of Morgan s\\nand had a considerable farm there. John and Lewis Ritter were in this\\nneighborhood, then called Morgan s, but since known as McKendry.\\nLewis died here, and Mr. Calhoun bought his land. John went to\\nTexas.\\nJacob Brazelton was in just north of them very early, and was the\\nfirst justice of the peace in this part of the county. He is spoken of\\nas a man of excellent character, and was everywhere respected.\\nJoseph and Abraham Smith came as early as 1828, and lived on the\\nedge of the timber west of Brazelton s. Abraham went to Indiana,\\nJoseph died here, and his children, W. D. and J. L. Smith, Mrs. Ganse,\\nMrs. Reynolds and Mrs. Spicer, live here yet.\\nThe Pribbles, Mr. Foley and Mr. Dickason entered land near here\\nas early as 1828 or 9. Over east of the river, and near the Indiana\\nline, James Niccum and Donavan lived.\\nThe old salt-works road ran nearly diagonally across the township,\\nstriking the township line near the present residence of Mr. Alexander\\nCampbell. Mr. Stark first settled this place about 1828. He died\\nthere in 1850. His daughter, Mrs. Smith, lives near by in El wood\\ntownship. Mr. Campbell s first residence was farther down, in Elwood\\ntownship. The farm upon which he lives, in section 36, is one of the\\nfinest in the township. Farther west Mrs. Davis settled early with\\nseveral children, where Win. Davis s widow still lives. Mr. Lacey lived\\nnext west. He sold to Henthorn. Win. Moore lives on the place next\\nnorthwest, where A. J. Richardson now lives. Mr. Denio took up land,-\\nand Cyrus Douglas, who now lives in Fairmount, entered land near\\nhere. Mr. Denio sold to Mr. Williams, and he to Malon Haworth.\\nJames Pribble entered land next along this road. He is dead, and\\nThomas Pribble lives on the place. Daniel Darby lived near here, and\\nhad a wagon shop. He went to Missouri, and Mr. Jeffries has the\\nland. Wm. Haworth lived half a mile farther north. Mr. Stowers", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0602.jp2"}, "603": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 503\\nlived early where H. Yoho lives. Moses Scott was one of the earliest\\nsettlers near Brooks Point. He died there, and his family went to\\nIowa. The Dukes boys live there, John on the Brooks land.\\nJohn Kyger and Win. Sheets came to the Little Vermilion in 1833,\\nand in 1835 came to this neighborhood to live. Mr. Kyger bought\\nland of James Sprawls, Mr. Kirkpatrick, David Wand and Mr. Lemley.\\nSince that time he has been an honored resident of this township, ful-\\nfilling every duty to his family, to the church of which he is a member,\\nand to society. As old age is coming on him, surrounded by beloved\\nchildren and grandchildren, he feels the rewards of his early years of\\ntrial and privation. He lives now with his son-in-law, Levi Under-\\nwood, just east of McKendry church. Age is never looked forward to\\nwith the pleasantest feelings; but there is a pleasant side to it when,\\nas in the case of Mr. Kyger, we see it made happy by the smiling faces\\nof bright little ones, who love and revere him who possesses its silvery\\ninsignia.\\nWm. Sheets, till his death, lived on the beautiful farm which he\\npurchased of Mr. Hitter, or, rather, the one his labor and excellent\\ntaste has made beautiful, an honored and respected citizen, beloved and\\nadmired by every one who has known him. It gives us great pleasure,\\nas it doubtless will our readers, to be able to present the portraits of\\nthese two worthy old pioneers. Near Mr. Kyger, on the farm just\\nnorth, lives Andy Reynolds, now well advanced in years. He came\\nto this county a poor orphan boy, more than fifty years ago, and lived\\nfor several years in Catlin, where his youthful days, which under\\nbrighter circumstances would have been spent in school, were given to\\nearning enough to keep him clothed in winter. He has now one of\\nthe pleasantest homes in town, where he delights to dispense cheerful\\nhospitality in his happy way. One of the earliest of his recollections\\nis standing on the mound in Catlin a cold winter day to see a wolf\\nhunt on the surrounding prairie. He had grubbed roots in the timber\\nso long that he thought a prairie could only be of value as a place to\\nhave grand wolf hunts on.\\nGeorge Nelson lived early just north of him near Brazelton s. He\\nwent to Indiana. Moses Darby was another early settler in here.\\nAaron Howard settled first in this county north of Danville; but milk\\nsickness drove him out, and he bought a portion of the Brazelton land\\nin section 15, on Big Branch, where he engaged in coal mining and\\nfarming. His son Henry still lives on the farm. Elwood Bates took\\nup a farm on section 30 as early as 1830.\\nGeorgetown has supplied the county with many of her officials, and\\nhas been extremely fortunate in giving to official life men not to be", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0603.jp2"}, "604": {"fulltext": "504 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nashamed of. Achilles Morgan was the first county commissioner, and\\nhelped very materially in putting the machinery of county organiza-\\ntion into operation. Old citizens will not forget Hiram Hickman, who\\nkept tavern here so long, and who had the repeated close contests with\\nCaptain Frazier for the office of sheriff, in which he was finally suc-\\ncessful. Elam Henderson was also a county commissioner and an asso-\\nciate justice. George Dillon, after a faithful service in the army, in\\nwhich he lost an arm by. rebel bullets, was elected circuit clerk, an\\noffice he still fills to the entire satisfaction of the bar and the people.\\nRawley Martin, another grandson of Achilles Morgan, after having\\npreached the gospel far and near, organizing churches, and filling the\\nvacant pulpits of his denomination, was elected county treasurer, and\\nperformed the duties in a very acceptable way to the citizens whose\\nservant he was.\\nRawley M. Martin was born in what was then Monongalia county,\\nVirginia, on the 27th of February, 1816, came to Vermilion county\\nwith his parents in 1820, and settled near Georgetown, where with\\nwonderful energy and perseverance, without the help of any kind of\\nschools, he acquired a very liberal education, and with the earnest soli-\\ncitude of an ambitious mother, he soon became familiar with all the\\nbooks possible to obtain at that time, principal among which was the\\nbible. With this he became so familiar that he could repeat it almost\\nverbatim. He united with the Christian church, of which he was\\nafterward ordained a minister, in which capacity he labored for more\\nthan twenty -five years. He organized many churches in the county,\\nbaptized more than three thousand persons, was a superior teacher of\\nthe scriptures, unyielding and uncompromising in his religious convic-\\ntions. He became an able and earnest defender of the faith. During\\nthe rebellion his public denunciation of the right of secession, and bold\\ndefense of the Union and the emancipation proclamation of 1863, won\\nfor him the confidence of a patriotic people, who rewarded him with\\nan election and reelection to the office of county treasurer. He died\\nat Danville, Illinois, on the 28th of October, 1878, having lived in the\\ncounty fifty-eight years.\\nHenry Martin was born in Maryland on the 25th of August, 1786,\\nremoved to what was then Monongalia county, Virginia, where he was\\nmarried to Mary Morgan on the 11th of May, 1815. He served one\\nyear in the war of 1812, in Ohio, immigrated with his family to Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, in 1820, and made permanent settlement near\\nGeorgetown. He enlisted again under his father-in-law, Capt. Achilles\\nMorgan, in 1826, and proceeded to Chicago to garrison Fort Dearborn\\nagainst the Indians of the northwest. After a short campaign returned", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0604.jp2"}, "605": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 505\\nto his home near Georgetown, where he made a nice farm, reared a\\nlarge family, and died on the 5th of September, 1851.\\nCHURCHES.\\nBesides being the early educational center of this comity, George\\ntown seems to have been a light set upon a hill, in a religious point\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of view. Its early settlers were, with hardly an exception, men strongly\\nimbued with deep religious convictions, and maintained religious insti-\\ntutions, and built churches all over the town. There are not less than\\neight in this township.\\nThe Methodists held their first meetings, so far as the writer can\\nlearn, in the old school-house on the public square of Georgetown but\\nfrom all accounts they were slimly attended. During the first ten\\nyears of the life of that place, few, if any, of that denomination re-\\nsided there. Mr. William Taylor gives his experience in attending\\nthe meeting at which Father Anderson preached. He says that besides\\nhimself and wife, Mr. Dickason and daughter, Miss Kelley, Mr. Brack-\\nall, and the colored woman, Harriet, who had come here from Ole\\nVirginy as an attache of the Dickason family, were the only persons\\npresent. The preaching w 7 as excellent, and would have been appreci-\\nated, but there were so few of that faith here that the meetings were\\nnecessarily very small. A few years after this the number increased,\\nand the class here purchased the ohd store of Mr. Haworth, which stood\\njust north of Frazier s store, took out the partitions, and used it for\\nservices. Harriet is still living, though the Dickason family with whom\\nshe made her home are all gone except Mrs. Ruby. Somewhat later\\nthe building used for a church stood at the southwest corner of the\\nsquare, and was moved to the site of the present edifice.\\nDuring Rev. Mr. Muirhead s preaching, in 1863, the present edifice\\nwas built, he and Father Cowan uniting to secure a suitable house of\\nworship. At this time this circuit contained Georgetown, Ridge Farm,\\nDouglass school-house and Sugar Grove appointment. The church is\\n36x56, surmounted by a belfry and spire. A large Sabbath-school\\nis maintained the year round. The McKendry Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch, which by someone s forethought took the name of the good\\nbishop, was built upon land, on section 23, given for that purpose by\\nI. Ritter. He entered the land in 1829, and gave the corner there to\\nthe Methodist denomination for a church and burial-ground, and sold\\nthe farm and went to Texas which is about the only record of the\\nman the writer has been able to reach. That he was a good man seems\\nevident from his donation to the church; but his selling such a splen-\\ndid farm and going to Texas tells brightly against the man s judgment.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0605.jp2"}, "606": {"fulltext": "506 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWhen William Sheets, the late owner of the farm, came here in 1835,\\nthere was preaching in the school-house near Phelps and in his house\\nat times. Mr. Phelps was very old, had been a revolutionary soldier,\\nand, while he longed to hear the Word, he could not always go the dis-\\ntance of the school-house to hear it. Daniel Darby was the class-\\nleader; he was a wagon-maker by trade, and lived west of the church\\non the Salt Works road. William Stowers and family, living at the\\nedge of the prairie; John Stowers and family, living on land now\\nowned by Mr. Yoho George Nelson, George Sires, who was the\\nschool-teacher here Moses Darby, Mr. Phelps, David Kyger, living\\nwhere Meeks now resides Henry Kirkpatrick, Mr. Underwood, living\\na mile east, and Henry Gardner, were among the members. None of\\nthese remain to make the history of this branch of Zion more clear.\\nThe first church building was erected about 1836 possibly a year or\\ntwo later. Mr. Fox and Mr. James were among the early preachers.\\nLater, William Stowers was class-leader and local preacher. The\\nchurch was burned about 1860 by a young man who wanted to vent\\nhis spite on some one, and hence took it into his head to destroy the\\nhouse of the Lord. The present neat building is 36 x 46, erected in\\n1866 at a cost of $1,500. It now belongs to the Catlin circuit, the\\npreacher attending here every alternate week. The Sabbath-school is\\nin a prosperous condition under the superintendency of Miss Sarah\\nBuchanan.\\nThe Fairview M. E. Church stands just on the town-line, between\\nGeorgetown and Catlin township. It belongs to the Catlin circuit,\\nand is supplied by the same preachers who preach at Catlin and Mc-\\nKendry.\\nPRESBYTERIANS.\\nThe Mount Pisgah Church of the Cumberland Presbyterians, near\\nthe western line of the town, was the first one of that denomination\\norganized in the county, and was the pioneer work of that faithful\\nlaborer in the Master s cause, Rev. James Ashrnore, after making his\\nhome among us. In February, 1840, together with Rev. Mr. Hill, he\\nheld a protracted meeting in that neighborhood, and in March organ-\\nized the church, with forty-five members, under authority of the Foster\\nPresbytery, at the house of Alexander McDonald, just over in Carroll\\ntownship from where the church edifice stands. The first elders were\\nAlex. McDonald, Charles Canaday and Richard Swank. Until the\\nfall of 1842 the meetings were held in the school-house, then in a build-\\ning on the farm of Mr. McDonald, where the camp ground was.\\nFather Ashrnore continued as pastor of this church thirty-two years.\\nThe first church edifice was built in 1842, of logs; the second in 1854.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0606.jp2"}, "607": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 507\\nThe present neat building was erected in 1876, on land given by Rich-\\nard Swank and Levi Long; is 36x50, and cost about $1,800. The\\npastors who, besides Mr. Ash more, have served this church are Rev.\\nW. O. Smith, Rev. G. W. Jordan, Rev. H. H. Ashmore and Rev.\\nThomas Whitlock. The elders since the first have been Levi Long, E.\\nSnyder, Samuel Hinton, R. Swank, Jr., J. S. Long, J. G. Thompson\\nand J. S. Jones.\\nThe Georgetown Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized\\nby Rev. Allen Whitlock, on the 19th of January, 1860. The original\\nmembers were (several being members of Mount Pisgah Church) A.\\nMcDonald and wife, Aaron McDonald, Wm. Hesler, Charles Canaday,\\nGeorge Richards, D. S. Tucker, Elizabeth Ashmore, Rebecca Drake,\\nV. Harris and wife, Sarah Hesler, Sarah White, Catherine Patty, D.\\nMcDonald, Martha Hinton, Sarah Hill, Geo. Miley, J. P. Miley and\\nwife and Mary Richards. The original elders were Win. Hesler, Aaron\\nMcDonald, Charles Canaday and A. McDonald. The pastors and stated\\nsupplies have been: Rev. Allen Whitlock, five years; Rev. H. H.\\nAshmore, one and one-half years; Rev. G. W. Jordan, two years;\\nRev. James Whitlock, one year; Rev. R. C. Hill, six months; Rev.\\nC. P. Cooley, two and one-half years, and Rev. G. B. Miley at present.\\nThe church edifice was erected in 1860 is 36x50, and cost $1,439.\\nOne member of this church has entered the ministry. Presbytery has\\nmet here three times, and synod once. The church now numbers\\nsixty-one. The present session consists of J. A. Dubre, Thomas Cooper\\nand Zackeus Cook. A flourishing Sabbath-school is maintained.\\nThe Westville Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized on\\nthe 17th of June, 1871, by the veteran minister, Rev. W. O. Smith,\\nwith the following membership, most of whom had been members of\\nMount Pisgah D. G. Lockett and wife. R. J. Black, John Cage and\\nwife, Rachel Dukes, Sarah A. Graves, Susan J. Baldwin, Ann Sconce,\\nMary Lacey, Tabitha Cook, S. W. Black and wife, Sarah E. Walls,\\nElijah Timmons and wife. D. G. Lockett, R. J. Black and John Cage\\nwere elected elders. The society worshiped at Brooks 1 Point school-\\nhouse until February, 1877. The present church edifice, a neat and\\nsubstantial building 34x48, with belfry and bell, was erected in 1876,\\nand dedicated on the 19th of February, 1877, Rev. J. H. Hendrick\\npreaching the dedicatory sermon. The cost of the building was $1,600.\\nRev. W. O. Smith continued to act as pastor for the church only one\\nyear. He was an old man, and full of faith and good works. Finding\\nhis strength failing, he resigned to go to Kentucky, the home of his\\nchildhood, to die. He had well tilled up the measure of his time, and\\nleft among the people with whom and for whom he had so long labored", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0607.jp2"}, "608": {"fulltext": "508 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na kind remembrance of the faithful pastor and christian teacher. His\\npastorate was followed by that of Rev. James Ash more and Rev. W.\\nR. Hendrick. The present membership is 67. Present session, J. W.\\nLockett, Hiram Baldwin and A. M. Bnshong. The Sabbath-school has\\nbeen tinder the snperintendency of W. D. Spencer, A. M. Bnshong and\\nJ. W. Lockett, successively. It has an average attendance of fifty,\\nwith seven teachers.\\nThe Christian Church, known as Brooks Point Church, was organ-\\nized in April, 1870, by Elder Martin. James B. Stevens and James\\nO Neal were elected elders, and T. W. Blakeney and David Wilson,\\ndeacons. The original membership was seventy-seven, which with\\nthose who have since been enrolled makes two hundred and forty-seven.\\nThe church edifice, 32x44, was built in 1876, and dedicated in Sep-\\ntember of that year. It cost $1,200. Elder R. Martin preached seven\\nyears, and Elder J. C. Myers two years following. The following have\\npreached occasionally Elders John Sconce, of Moultrie county\\nMcBrown, of East Lebanon Stipp, Cosat, John Martin and Williams,\\nof Edgar county Gregg, Colton, Stevens and Morris. The church is\\nin good working order, with preaching once a month and prayer-meet-\\ning each week. A large Lord s-day school is maintained by Deacon\\nBlakeney on the Sherwood plan, numbering from seventy -five to two\\nhundred in attendance. The poor are looked after, and contributions\\nfor preaching are kept up regularly.\\nThe Friends have a meeting at Georgetown. Their regular days of\\nmeeting are First day (Sunday) and Fourth day (Wednesday). Their\\nneat meeting-house is realty a church, for in no respect is it different\\nin appearance from the better class of church edifices in villages of this\\nsize. It was built in 1874, Huffman Reid being the builders. It is\\nbrick, 36x60, not over plain in its appearance. The doors and win-\\ndows are neatly coped with ornamental stone and brickwork, and the\\nbuilding is surmounted by a neat belfry. A bell was purchased, but as\\nno bell had ever been hung in a Quaker meeting house in America,\\nthe belfry had not been sufficiently stayed to be considered safe, and a\\ntower was built near try to hold it, so that now the progressive Friends\\nof Georgetown are summoned to their First-day and Fourth-day meet-\\nings by the gay ringing of a bell. It is said to be (though the writer\\nhas not been able to verity it) the first case of the kind on record. A\\nsubstantial iron fence surrounds the lot upon which the church is built,\\nand shade trees and evergreens are growing in the inelosure. Inside,\\nthe building presents anything but a Quakerish 1 appearance. It is\\nceiled around with vari-colored woods, and the seats are set off with\\nblack-walnut, the aisles covered with matting, and the desk-stand car-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0608.jp2"}, "609": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 509\\npeted with Brussels carpet, over which, where the preacher stands, lies a\\nrug of bright colors. Fancy lamps, suggestive of naiads, stand on either\\nside of the desk, and the ceiling above, in mellow tints, adds beauty to\\nthis pleasant house of worship. The little Sabbath-school singing-book,\\nPure Gold, is found in the pews. A little dressing-room off in the\\ncorner next the door is supplied with wash-bowl and pitcher, combs\\nand brush, and a moderate-sized looking-glass, which has the faculty of\\ndepriving the handsomest face of beauty, hangs against the wall. The\\nbuilding cost $4,000. No salary is paid preachers. Mrs. Jenkins and\\nW. F. Henderson are the preachers.\\nMILLS.\\nIn the earliest times citizens here went to Indiana to get grinding\\ndone. The first effort made in this township to emancipate the people\\nfrom paying toll to the Hoosiers was by Jacob Brazelton, who put up\\na horse-mill at his place over near the Vermilion. These horse-mills\\nwere rather cheap affairs, but were in good demand when no better\\nones were near.\\nWilliam Milikan built a carding-mill about 1830. This w T as the first\\nmill of the kind in the county, and was a decidedly primitive affair. It\\nwas run by a tread-power, and the time required to get up steam de-\\npended largely on his ability to find the oxen, which usually run in the\\nbush. If they happened to wander over to the Yermilion river in quest\\nof water, he might find them in two days; and then again, a week might\\nensue before he could card up a job; in the meantime, the old women\\nwere obliged to find other work than knitting.\\nWilliam Jenkins built the water-mill on the Vermilion about 1840.\\nThis was a good mill and did good work; but high water carried it\\naway. The bridge across the river at this point was nearly thirty-five\\nfeet high. While a boy was crossing it with a load of corn, it fell to\\nthe water. The bridge, on examination, was found to be ruined, and\\nthe wagon disabled; but the boy, to the surprise of all, received no\\nother injury except that he was frightened out of a j ear s growth.\\nHenderson, Kyger Morgan built the large steam mill at George-\\ntown in 1850. It is 40x50, four stories high, and has three run of\\nstone. It has proved a great success, and is doing a land office busi-\\nness. Mr. Hall had a mill on the Little Vermilion but the water\\ndecreased with advancing civilization, and the mill is among the things\\nthat were.\\nThe Perrysville Georgetown plank-road was among the institu-\\ntions of the pre-railroad times. It was thirteen miles long, and run\\nvery nearly in a straight course, cutting diagonally across sections. The", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0609.jp2"}, "610": {"fulltext": "510 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncapital stock was $30,000, which proved a dead loss to stockholders,\\nnever having paid a dividend. Not only was it a loss as a speculation,\\nbut the business men here found that it injured their trade. People\\nwould go to Perrysville to trade, as it was a pleasant ride; and the\\nGeorgetown folks were glad to let it go down. It was only kept up\\nabout four years, and the only evidences left of it are the pieces of\\ndiagonal roads still kept up running in that direction.\\nIt was the custom in those days to drive everything to market\\nwhich had legs and was marketable; not only cattle and hogs, but\\nturkeys were driven, and a drove of geese was once driven through\\nGeorgetown en route for Iowa, where it is to be hoped that they and\\ntheir descendants did full duty in rendering the beds of the pioneers\\nthere as soft as downy pillows are. A drover with a lot of turkeys\\ngot caught in a sleet-storm on the road to Chicago, and the birds refused\\nto go any farther, and he was obliged to slaughter them.\\nThe timber of Georgetown was composed principally of sycamore,\\nCottonwood, maple, hackberry, beech, buckeye, black- walnut, butternut,\\nelm, ash, hickory and oak. The oak is being largely used yet as build-\\ning and fence lumber, and the black-walnut is being rapidly cut off and\\nshipped east, by parties who are largely engaged in the business, send-\\ning it by rail to all parts of the country.\\nA singular case of disease occurred to an industrious citizen about\\n1864, which appears to have been almost or quite without a parallel, in\\nthis vicinity at least. Mr. Gebhart, who was one of the early settlers\\non the Little Vermilion, about two miles west of Georgetown, where\\nhe had raised a large family, was afflicted with a disease in his feet\\nwhich was so like the descriptions given of leprosy that it was believed\\nby many to have been that. The affliction came on gradually, about\\nthe year 1864. Inflammation set in, and the feet became so much\\naffected that the flesh began to come off, leaving the bones exposed.\\nHe could get relief only by holding his feet in a tub of water, and he\\nactually sat for weeks without removing them, the disintegration mean-\\nwhile continually going on. Day and night he sat in great suffering,\\npraying for death to relieve him. He conceived the idea that if the\\nfeet were amputated he would get relief, and begged to have it done\\nfor him. He finally took a knife, and with his own hands removed\\nw T hat he had no longer any use for. He did not get the relief he ex-\\npected from a removal of the putrid mass. He lived several weeks\\nafterward, with the stubs of his limbs in the w T ater, when death brought\\nrelief. Whether it was considered by physicians a case of leprosy was\\nnot known by the neighbors from whom these facts were received.\\nThe roads throughout the township are remarkably narrow, espe-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0610.jp2"}, "611": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 511\\ncially the old ones. This is owing to the fact that under the general\\nroad act of 1827, which was the first act passed on the subject, the\\nlegal width of roads was fixed at not less than thirty feet and not more\\nthan fifty feet. The more recent law, fixing the width at sixty feet, did\\nnot alter the width of those already laid out, and those in this town-\\nship were nearly all established under the former act.\\nCorn, wheat and oats are the staple crops. Winter wheat is, and\\nlong has been, one of the most successful crops, especially on the tim-\\nber land. The crop of the present year has been one of the marvels of\\nagriculture, and reminds one of the exaggerated stories which come\\nback to us from recently-settled portions of the west and California. In\\nno single case has the crop of wheat turned out less than twenty-five\\nbushels per acre, and instances of nearly twice that amount are quite\\ncommon. In many instances the crop in the field before threshing is\\nworth more than the land upon which it grew was valued at in the\\nspring. Such remarkable uniformity in abundance has probably never\\nbeen equaled in this county, perhaps never before in the state. It adds\\nnew wealth to the town,- increases the value of agricultural labors, and\\ngives new life to every industry. Threshing by steam power has come\\ninto pretty general vogue, and for the first time this year self-binding\\nreaping machines are beginning to come into use. There are men still\\nliving here who have in their younger days reaped their entire crop\\nwith a sickle and threshed it with a flail, who have planted their corn\\nby hand in furrows marked by a wooden mold-board plow, and covered\\nit with a hoe, who plowed it all with a bull-tongue plow, and thought\\nthey were getting along very well.\\nBelow is given, in tabular form, the names of those elected to the\\nprincipal township offices since 1851, the time of the adoption of town-\\nship organization\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1851 Win. P. Davis Samuel Huffman J. C. Dicken A. Frazier.\\n1852 John Sloan E. A. McKee J. C. Dicken J. C. Dicken.\\n1853 John Sloan Patrick Cowan J. Gants J. Gants.\\n1854 John Sloan Patrick Cowan .J. L. Sconce J. L. Sconce.\\n1855 John Sloan Patrick Cowan .J. L. Sconce J. L. Sconce.\\n1856 E. A. McKee Patrick Cowan .J. L. Sconce .J. L. Sconce.\\n1857 E. A. McKee Patrick Cowan J. L. Sconce J. L. Sconce.\\n1858 Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .J. L. Sconce .J. L. Sconce.\\n1859 Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\nI860 Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1861 Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1862. .344. William Sheets .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1863. .240. .Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1864. .162. .Elam Henderson .Joseph Thompson .John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1865. .154. .Elam Henderson .George Dillon John Dukes John Dukes.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0611.jp2"}, "612": {"fulltext": "512 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1866. .157. .Jacob Gants George Dillon John Dukes John Dukes.\\n1867. 157. Elam Henderson .George Dillon George Dillon. .George Dillon.\\n1868. 120. .Elam Henderson .George Dillon George Dillon. .George Dillon.\\n1869 Elam Henderson .George Dillon .George Dillon. .George Dillon.\\n1870. .343. Elam Henderson .George Hester .John Dukes George Hester.\\n1871. .229. .Elam Henderson .W. H. Newlin John Dukes W. H. Newlin.\\n1872. .240. .Elam Henderson .W. H. Newlin W. H. Newlin W. H. Newlin.\\n1873. .193. .William Sheets W. H. Newlin W. H. Newlin W. H. Newlin.\\n1874. .303. .William Sheets W. H. Newlin W. H. Newlin .W. H. Newlin.\\n1875. .317. J. H. Gadd W. H. Newlin W. H. Huffman W. H. Huffman.\\n1876. .364. J. H. Gadd W. H. Newlin J. Lewis W. H. Huffman.\\n1877. .400. J. H. Gadd W. H. Huffman W. H. Huffman W. H. Huffman.\\n1878. .377. .J. H. Gadd C. A. Fertig W. M. Sheets. W. M. Sheets.\\n1879... 374... J. H. Gadd C. A. Fertig W. M. Sheets. .W. M. Sheets.\\nJustices of the peace have been, Patrick Cowan, Jacob Gants, John\\nNewlin, Jacob Yapp, V. J. Buchanan, Richard Cotton, J. CI. Thomp-\\nson, Titus Bennett.\\nCommissioners of highways have been, Levi Long, John Mitchell,\\nR. Lockett, Ellis Dukes, Jacob Gants, Win. Sheets, John Gerrard, S.\\nEllsworth, Thos. Galyen, Wm. Richards, James O Neal, J. L. Sconce,\\nJ. C. Jones, Isaac O Neal, Wm. J. Terrell, E. Henthorn, Solomon\\nHaworth, T. E. Madden, D. B. Ried, Daniel Bennett, Hiram Yoho.\\nOn the 11th of May, 1867, a special town meeting was held to vote for\\nor against levying a tax of $18,000 for aid to the Chicago, Danville\\nVincennes railroad, which resulted, for, 230 against, 134. This road\\nwas never built, however, through this township. On the 25th of Sep-\\ntember, 1869, at an election held for the purpose of voting for or against\\nsubscribing $30,000 to the capital stock of the Paris Danville railroad,\\nthe vote was, for, 221 against, 195 which was a very close vote, consid-\\nering the conditions with which the proposition was hemmed a 1 iii t:\\nNo part of such bonds shall, issue, nor bear interest, until the road is\\ncompleted. The road to run within a half a mile of the public square\\nof Georgetown, and be completed within three years from September 1,\\n1869. The bonds were signed and put into hands of Elam Henderson\\nas trustee, under a bond from him in the penal sum of $40,000, condi-\\ntioned that he should not date or deliver them until these conditions\\nwere complied with. A resolution was also adopted directing the\\nsupervisor to sell the stock as soon as it should come into his hands, to\\nthe railroad company, for $10.\\nGEORGETOWN VILLAGE.\\nGeorgetown village, or rather, as it was then called, the town of\\nGeorgetown, was laid out in the spring of 1827, two months after Dan-\\nville was. The plat was acknowledged before Esquire Asa Elliott,.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0612.jp2"}, "613": {"fulltext": "X^^Z^^^", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0613.jp2"}, "614": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0614.jp2"}, "615": {"fulltext": "GEOEGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 513\\nJune 5, and contained only four blocks of eight lots each. The onlv\\ntwo streets were State street, running north and south, and West street\\ncrossing it at right angles. These streets were sixty feet wide. The\\npublic square, which remains to the present time as it was then, was\\nlaid out after the fashion of the day, as seen in Danville and other\\ntowns of that age, by cutting corners out of the four central blocks.\\nThe naming seems to be problematical, some asserting that Mr. Ha-\\nworth named it for his son George, who was a cripple, and who is said\\nto have entered into the frolic which was made on the opening day,\\nwith a spirit that indicated something more than lemonade straight\\nothers, that Danville having been named for D. W. Beckwith, that\\nHaworth believed it was a good stroke of policy to try to divide the\\nsympathies of the Beckwith family by naming his place in honor of\\nGeorge Beckwith. The probability is that both statements are true,\\nami that the two considerations combined to fix the naming as it is.\\nWhen Mr. Haworth laid out his town, Mr. Nelson R. Moore, who\\nfor a time had lived on the adjoining section, was talking of laying out\\none. Haworth was more of a man of action than of talk, and one day\\nMoore started out with his son W. M. to hunt for a deer in the bushes\\nwhich grew where the village now stands, and found Haworth and his\\nson measuring off town lots with a mammoth grapevine which he had\\ncut a rod long. It seems that he was afraid to call in the aid of a surveyor,\\nas Moore might discover what he was up to. Subsequently, additions\\nhave been platted and recorded by James Haworth, A. Frazier, Samuel\\nBrazelton, Malon Haworth, J. B. Plaworth, A. F. Smith, Mr. Hender-\\nson and others. In laying off the lots his vine needed some stretch-\\ning, and a little variation in the force employed to do this stretching,\\nwill account for the variation which still exists in the size of the lots,\\nsome of which are six feet longer than others. This son George, after\\nwhom the town was named, died of cholera in 1854.\\nThe first building here was a doctor s office. Dr. Smith, a man of\\ngood education and an excellent man, put up a building to hold his\\nlittle stock of calomel and jalap, salts and senna, lancetand wisdom.\\nDr. Smith, after a short practice here, went to Mackinaw and died.\\nThe next house was a blacksmith shop, and then came a store, or,\\nrather, an inclosure made of poles was called a store. It stood out on\\nthe square, in front of where the red store now stands. It was built\\nby Samuel Brazelton. Here a little stock of goods was kept for sale.\\nThe log tavern stood near where the post-office is now kept, just north\\nof it, and a log house farther south. This was made of huge sassafras\\nlogs as large as a small barrel. He had to go to Butler s Point to get\\nmen to come to the raising.\\n33", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0615.jp2"}, "616": {"fulltext": "514 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe first school-house was also built on the square in front of\\nFrazier s store. H. Givens taught the first term of school there.\\nCoffeen s Hand-Book, page 24, says The first school was taught\\non the Little Vermilion, near the present location of Georgetown.\\nUpon the authority of Win. M. Moore, now the oldest resident at\\npresent in Georgetown village, the writer is satisfied that this school at\\nGeorgetown was the one spoken of by Mr. Coffeen, though it is possi-\\nble that the Friends at Vermilion Grove may have had one there before\\nthis building was erected in Georgetown. This school-house was\\nhardly a model for architectural display at the present day. Indeed,\\nit was about as cheap a concern as could be constructed out of logs.\\nAmong those who learned wisdom from Givens, and after him from\\nOwen West, were Perry, Martha and Luzena Brazelton, Bracken\\nLewis, George Lewis, Millikan Moore, Eli and Malon Haworth, and\\nJames Staunton. Mr. Moore thinks this was in 1827, though it may\\nhave been a year later. The books used, as far as he can remember,\\nwere the old English Reader, Talbott s Arithmetic, American Spelling-\\nBook and Lindley Murray s Grammar. At that time it was the uni-\\nversal practice to study aloud in school, and the lad who made the\\nmost noise was popularly credited with making the greatest progress.\\nPreaching service was first held in this building by traveling and local\\npreachers of the Methodist church. James Haworth had a farm just\\nnorth of the village, where Mr. Frazier now lives.\\nNelson R. Moore came from North Carolina, but had lived a while\\nin Kentucky and Indiana, and arrived here in 1825. He made his\\nfirst cabin just southwest of Georgetown, and bought some land of\\nAndrew Wagerman, who lived farther west, near Johnson s Point.\\nWagerman was a son-in-law of Jotham Lyons. Moore bought two\\nhundred acres of Wagerman and Lyons, and went to work to make a\\nfarm of it. He moved here with an ox-team, coming in one of those\\nold-fashioned schooner wagons, such as have passed entirely out of\\nuse, and indeed fast fading from memory. They were made very\\nheavy, the box being framed and fitted with panel-work, being elevated\\nat least a foot at each end higher than it was in the middle. Why\\nthey were given this shape it is difficult to tell, except that it may have\\nbeen that in the hilly country where the} 7 were made the danger of\\nhaving the load spill out over the ends when going down the steep\\nhills, or ascending, must be provided against. As late as thirty years\\nago they were frequently seen passing across these prairies, carrying\\nthe movers toward the setting sun, and were even at that day a curios-\\nity, and were called prairie schooners. Indeed, all they lacked to\\ngive them the appearance of a schooner were the masts, ropes and sails.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0616.jp2"}, "617": {"fulltext": "(GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 515\\nThe first log cabin put up where John Madden s house now is was\\nbuilt in 1827, and was raised by the help of all the men that could be\\nfound. Indian John 1 was a character here then he was six feet and\\na half iu height, and had been a famous medicine-man of the Potta-\\nwatomie Indians, but remained here with the white man when they\\nwent away.\\nMr. Moore did about as much as any of his neighbors toward set-\\ntling this part of the country. He was the father of thirteen children,\\nall but one of whom grew to adult age. Carroll, a soldier in the grand\\narmy of the Union, was killed in battle at Peach Tree Creek. His\\nwidow and children still live here; George, a lieutenant in the 25th\\nRegiment, served through the war, and was killed, while crossing the\\nplains, by Indians; Jacob served two years in the Mexican war, and\\ndied after returning; Elijah early took Greeley s advice to grow up\\nwith the country, and if the country does not stop growing pretty\\nsoon he will have to give up the job; W. M. lives in Georgetown;\\nMrs. Rogers is dead; Mrs. Friezell lives in Missouri; Mrs. Dr. Porter\\nin Lebanon, Indiana; Mrs. Judge Glessner in Shelby ville, Indiana;\\nMrs. Harding in California, Mrs. Dr. Blanchard and Mrs. Peck here.\\nBenjamin Canaday was one of the first to engage in mercantile\\nbusiness here, and continued for about forty years to sell goods in\\nGeorgetown. He came with his father to the little settlement west of\\nVermilion Grove Station, about 1822, but went back to Tennessee.\\nHe was a tinner by trade, and after they came baek here again from\\nTennessee he built a small log house, which he used for a dwelling and\\ntin shop, and there made up a stock of tinware, which he took to Louis-\\nville and traded for goods. He brought these goods back and put up\\na store and turned merchant. He continued this kind of trade till\\n1830, when he was induced to come to Georgetown, and, with the\\nHaworths, commenced the mercantile trade here. He afterward formed\\na partnership with Abraham Frazier, and soon sold the business and\\nstore to Dr. Gillaspie, who came here from Tennessee, and continued\\nthe business with Frazier awhile. Canaday and the Haworths be-\\nlonged to the Society of Friends, and early instituted religious meet-\\nings here. Canaday lived in the house on the corner of the public\\nsquare, where William Alexander now has a store. It was a small\\none-story house, and has been enlarged since. He continued the lead-\\ning merchant of Georgetown, and built the large brick store now occu_\\npied by his successors in business, Richie Thompson. He amassed\\na comfortable fortune, and died a few years since, honored and re-\\nspected. His latter years were largely given to making proper dispo-\\nsition of the accumulations of a busy life of frugal care, and was one", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0617.jp2"}, "618": {"fulltext": "516 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof the principal donors to the beautiful church at Georgetown. He\\nwas the father of eight children. His two sons are dead, though the\\ntwo daughters of one of them (John) are living: Mrs. Holloway, of\\nDanville, and Mrs. Thompson, of Georgetown. Of his daughters, Mrs.\\nJ. P. Johnson lives in Kansas, Mrs. Dr. Morgan in Iowa, and Mrs.\\nRichie lives at Georgetown Mrs. Morris and Mrs. McCowan are dead.\\nFew men have left as a legacy to their children a more honored name\\nor the example of a more useful and successful life.\\nDr. Gillaspie, before spoken of, continued in business a short time\\nand then went to Arkansas. He was a man of splendid parts and\\ngood education, whose usefulness was destroyed by the habit which in\\nthose days ruined so many of our ablest men.\\nWin. Taylor left his home in Wayne county, Ohio, when only\\ntwenty-two years old, intending to be gone.six weeks, and has not yet\\nreturned. He had been apprenticed to learn the cabinet trade, and\\nbelieved he had got it well enough learned to make his way in the\\nworld without further instruction. He went to Brown county, Ohio,\\nand made that his home. He became well acquainted with the Graut\\nfamily there, and had an opportunity to see the budding genius of\\nyoung Ulysses. There was little that was remarkable about the lad,\\nas Mr. Taylor now recollects him, but the dogged pertinacity with\\nwhich he would conquer every unruly horse which he could get hold\\nof. His father used to say that he would make a great man of him,\\nbut the lad s greatness failed to take any very useful turn, unless\\nriding horses may be considered such. He never liked hard work,\\nand the boys sometimes doubted whether Lys would ever, in any\\nalarming degree, fulfill the high anticipations of his doting father.\\nMr. Taylor came to Georgetown in 1831. He purchased the log-\\nhouse and two lots back of the tavern for $120, and put up an addition\\nto it, which made a very comfortable residence. He also bought the\\nold log store which stood in front of the red store, and went to work\\nat his trade. For thirty years he carried on cabinet work here, and,\\nuntil by the changed order of things, he could buy work cheaper in\\nCincinnati than he could make it. Long after this he continued mak-\\ning coffins, and has probably made more of those articles than any man\\nin the county.\\nThe post-office was established here about 1828. The mail route\\nran from here via Carroll, an office in the McDonald neighborhood to\\nParis.\\nMr. Brazelton was first to keep tavern. He occupied a building\\nwhich was on the site of the present post-office. Benjamin Canaday\\nwas for a long time the postmaster.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0618.jp2"}, "619": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 517\\nAbraham Frazier was one of the first to engage in trade. He was\\na tanner by trade, and made that his business for awhile before he com-\\nmenced mercantile trade. He was a man of excellent judgment, very\\ncareful business habits, honest and true. He had no children, and\\nhence his propensity to save was deemed penuriousness, but those who\\nknew him best unite in saying that he had none of the sordid love of\\nmoney which marks the miser s traits. That he was plain in all his\\ntastes, and exceedingly careful in his expenses, is undoubtedly true.\\nHe died leaving an honored name for probity and industry through an\\nunblemished life. His brother, Abner Frazier, came here with other\\nFriends from East Tennessee, in 1830, and farmed awhile, then clerked\\nfor his brother. He married, and commenced farming southwest of\\nthe village, and afterward bought the Haworth farm, north of town,\\nwhere he resides at this writing, gradually sinking from advanced age\\nand the labors of an active life, largely given to exacting toil and busi-\\nness. He holds the highest place in the esteem of those among whom\\nhis active years have passed. With a large family of children around\\nhim, whose characters he has molded in habits of industry, thrift and\\nchristian life, he reaps the honors which are higher than merely worldly\\nones. Two sons carry on a large trade in Georgetown, enjoying in a\\nlarge degree the goodly reputation of their father, and one lives on the\\nbeautiful farm just north of the village. Two daughters, Mrs. Snapp\\nand Mrs. Newlin, reside here, and Mrs. Mendenhall and Mrs. Rogers\\nin Kansas.\\nJohn Sloan was probably the first blacksmith here. Dr. Thomas\\nHeywood was one of the earliest to practice medicine. He was a man\\nof good education and excellent judgment. He was educated in Ohio,\\nand came here to begin his practice. After a time he removed to a\\nfarm southwest of Georgetown, in Carroll township, and continued his\\npractice until his death. Dr. Richard Holmes practiced here a while,\\nand then went to Ohio.\\nJames Shannon was engaged in selling goods here at an early date,\\nand his brother John was engaged in the practice of medicine. They\\nwent from here to Mackinawtown, in Tazewell county, and one cold\\nwinter s day the latter wandered off into the stream, and after going\\na mile in the water went out into a cornfield, where he froze to death,\\nand his remains were not discovered until long after, when they had\\nbeen partially devoured.\\nElections for this voting precinct were held here from the first.\\nThey were held in the old store which stood north of Frazier s large\\nbrick store, and which was afterward, though of good Quaker origin,\\nconverted into a Methodist church. Voters were required to give in", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0619.jp2"}, "620": {"fulltext": "518 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntheir votes viva voce. The honest, nntrammeled political voice of\\nGeorgetown precinct in the olden times sounded the name of Jackson\\nwith great unanimity.\\nFor many years legalized dramshops sold ardent spirits freely in\\nGeorgetown. In fact, at an early day, before the temperance societies\\nwere an established institution, drinking and drunkenness were very\\ncommon. Horse-racing was a common sport before the civilizing\\neffects of circuses and agricultural fairs were felt. The Sons of Tem-\\nperance had a wide field to exercise their graces and good works here;\\nbut triumphed at last, and the results are everywhere evident. Sobri-\\nety rules, and every one rejoices in the change.\\nIn 1831 came another young man whose life has been a part of the\\nhistory and business success of Georgetown. Elam Henderson came\\nwith his father, Eli, to Elwood, in 1824, and in the year above men-\\ntioned came to Georgetown, where he commenced to make a farm in\\nsection 28. Here he showed the qualities of energy, thrift and perse-\\nverance which have clung to him through life. While attending to his\\nlarge farming interests he was drawn much into official life, and served\\nas county commissioner and associate justice. After acquiring a suffi-\\nciency he engaged in trade at Georgetown, helped to build a better\\nclass of buildings than had been known here before, and helped to\\nbuild the mill. Later he established the Citizen s Bank, and with the\\nopening of railroad facilities engaged in buying grain. He served for\\nmany years as supervisor of this township, and in other official capaci-\\nties. Now, at near seventy, he is actively engaged in business, giving\\nthe same careful attention to all its minutiae that he did when such care\\nwas a necessity. Indeed, with him it has become a settled habit. To-\\ngether with Mr. Canaday, he bore the larger part of the expense of\\nbuilding the new place of worship which was recently erected at\\nGeorgetown. He has shown himself a thorough business man, whose\\ngood example is better than all the golden precepts which could be\\nshowered upon the young of the growing generation.\\nPatrick Cowan was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in\\n1794. As he grew up he became interested in religious matters, and\\njoined the Methodist Church in 1818. He was licensed to exhort Feb-\\nruary 14, 1833, and to preach, at the quarterly conference at Paris,\\nSeptember 5, 1834, by Presiding Elder Michael Taylor. He was\\nordained deacon by Bishop Morris, September 15, 1836. He was a\\nhatter by trade, and lived near Bloomfield for some time, coming to\\nGeorgetown to live in 1846. He engaged in wool-carding as a business,\\nfor which there was much local demand here, at a time when every-\\nbody kept a few sheep, and people very generally made their own", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0620.jp2"}, "621": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 519\\ncloth. This business lie carried on for several years, all the while\\npreaching here and there through the country, at McKendry, at\\nDouglass school-house and at other preaching points. He never\\naccepted the traveling relation, preferring the local work. Coining into\\na community which from the beginning had been strongly of another\\ndenomination, he had a good opportunity to exercise the liberal Chris-\\ntian traits of which he was possessed. Citizens of all denominations\\nrespected and esteemed the character of Father Cowan, and hold his\\ngood name in kind remembrance. He w T as always punctual to every\\nduty; particularly was this so in regard to political and official duties.\\nHe was often called on to administer the affairs of the town or town-\\nship, and always gave the same conscientious attention to them that he\\ndid to his own affairs. He died September 4, 1873, in his eightieth\\nyear, leaving to his children the inheritance of a good name and the\\nremembrance of a life devoted to his family, his people and his God.\\nHe left a family of seven children. His sons, trained under his kind\\nand careful eye, are among the leading business men of Georgetown.\\nHis widow still lives, at the advanced age of eighty-three, the care and\\nassociate of these loving children, which she so long watched over,\\nguided and instructed.\\nJ. H. Gadd came to this township with his mother and brother in\\n1834. After helping to hew out a farm in the Wabash timber east of\\nhere, he concluded to study law, and for several years has been engaged\\nin the practice of that profession in this county. For five years past he\\nhas represented this town on the board of supervisors, to the evident\\nsatisfaction of the people.\\nG. W. Hollo way, who came here in 1.835, has been long in business,\\ntaking an active part in the religious and educational interests of the\\ntown.\\nDr. Payne was an early practitioner of medicine, and remained here\\ntwo years; then went to Iowa. Dr. Isaac Smith commenced the prac-\\ntice as early as 1830. He lived just south of town, on the Little Ver-\\nmilion. He was from Tennessee. He died on the farm where the\\nMartha Smith school-house is.\\nThe first burials were made at the small burying-grounds in the\\nneighborhoods around, at Vermilion Grove, Elwood Meeting-house, and\\nat others. Wm. Taylor laid off a cemetery in 1838, which was after-\\nward conveyed to the town for a public place of burial. Felix Noel\\nwas the first one buried there.\\nThe particular school of doctors known as Thomsonian, or, in pop-\\nular parlance, steam doctors, had a considerable practice here at an\\nearly day, and the Indian practice of doctoring with herbs and roots,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0621.jp2"}, "622": {"fulltext": "520 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfound in profusion at an early day, was quite common. New material\\nwas added to the Materia Medica, and roots and steam did duty on\\nevery conceivable occasion. The pioneer doctor of this country will\\nnot soon forget the occasion of the introduction to his notice of the\\ncelebrated Wacun root, until then to him a new remedy. Dr. A. M.\\nC. Hawes, who came here in 1836, is now next to Dr. Fithian, the\\noldest practicing physician in the county. He was educated at La\\nFayette, Indiana, where he studied with Dr. O. L. Clark. Previous\\nto this, however, he had traveled through this state, looking over the\\ncentral and northern portions of it. Early in life he had entered a\\nprinting-office, and, after graduation in that school, which gives to its\\npupils a breadth of education not found in any other, became an editor\\nof the La Fayette Journal at its starting, nearly fifty years ago.\\nAfter preparing himself to practice medicine, he came to Georgetown,\\nand at once grew into a wide and successful practice, all over the\\nsouthern part of this county, and in Indiana, Edgar and Champaign\\ncounties in this state. Being a great student, and having an investi-\\ngating turn of mind, he has kept abreast with the times, never retaining\\nan old theory or practice because it is old, or adopting a new one\\nbecause it is new. After more than forty years practice, he is still\\nfound fully up with the times, and wears well. He was one of the\\nearly promoters of better educational facilities, and a friend of liberal\\neducation. He was one of the originators of the County Medical So-\\nciety, and was its first president, and was selected as its annalist to pre-\\npare for the Society the history of the profession in this county, a\\nwork from which much is expected. It is rare, indeed, that a man of\\nDr. Hawes analytical turn of mind, one who sees so much in what\\nis daily going on around him, and has so good a faculty of retaining for\\nuse that which he sees, and can put it to so good use, has such excel-\\nlent opportunities for studying, during a daily practice of almost half a\\ncentury, the great questions which are his chief delight, and which\\npertain to the highest physical interests of man. The wealth of infor-\\nmation knowledge is a better term is not easily contemplated.\\nJacob Yapp has been for a number of years one of the leading busi-\\nness men of Georgetown. He has always exhibited a broad public\\nspirit, and gives that close attention to business which commands suc-\\ncess under any circumstances. Frequently called to attend to the\\npublic affairs of his town, he has shown himself a wise and faithful\\nofficer and a good citizen, while in his own business affairs he has\\nmaintained a reputation for business integrity of the highest order.\\nMr. Joseph Bailey was long one of the active business men here at\\nGeorgetown and at other points in the county. His mercantile rela-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0622.jp2"}, "623": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 521\\ntions were varied and always successful, and during the time of his\\nbusiness life he displayed ability of a high order.\\nThe sons of Mr. Abner Frazier, who have long managed the impor-\\ntant interests and kept up the business which he and his brother built\\nup, are men of excellent business capacity and the strictest integrity.\\nMessrs. Richie Thompson have, as successors of the important busi-\\nness of Mr. Canaday, acquired a reputation second only to him whom\\nthey succeeded in business. The Cowans have grown into business\\nmen of first-class ability, evincing business traits of a high order, giv-\\ning close attention to their business. Mr. G. W. Holloway has for\\nyears maintained a splendid reputation for business, and carries on a\\nlarge and successful trade.\\nThe mercantile business of Georgetown has always been its chief\\ninterest. Since the day Benjamin Canaday commenced, her leading\\nmen have sold goods, grown rich, and left their business, their acquired\\ncapital and their reputations to their children, who have followed on in\\nthe good way. What Canaday, Henderson, Frazier and Cowan have\\ndone here in days gone by their sons and successors are doing now. A\\nsimilar state of things probably does not exist in this part of the state,\\ncertainly not in this county.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nIn educational interests, Georgetown, under the lead of the public\\nspirit which actuated her early settlers, has always been in advance of\\nneighboring towns. The first school held in a little building on the\\nSquare has been described. The school thus begun was continued by\\nsubscription, with varying success, until 1844, when the Georgetown\\nSeminary was organized, and for twenty years continued to be the cen-\\nter of educational light for this and surrounding counties.\\nSeveral years before any high-school was in existence at Danville,\\nthis seminary was furnishing excellent educational facilities to the\\nyouths who came here from the surrounding country. Benjamin Can-\\naday, Presiding-Elder Robbins, J. H. Murphy, of Danville, and Mr.\\nCurtis, were its early promoters. The seminary was under the charge\\nof the Methodist Conference, and the teachers were selected by that\\nbody. They were fortunate in the selection of the first principal, in\\nthe person of a young man of excellent education, commanding pres-\\nence and superior tact, Jesse H. Moore, then a local preacher, but\\nsince one of the leading preachers of that church, a presiding elder,\\nthen a general in the grand army of the Union, buckling on the\\nsword of the Lord and of Gideon as he went forth to establish the\\nauthority of right against treason, then a long time member of congress", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0623.jp2"}, "624": {"fulltext": "522 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfrom this district, and afterward pension agent at Decatur. A gentle-\\nman who in every position has acquitted himself with honor and credit,\\nand who, as his long and useful life is now certainly drawing to a close,\\nmay well feel that in no position, however exalted, in no avocation,\\nhowever honored, has he done more lasting good than during the four\\nyears of his service as principal of Georgetown Seminary. During his\\nadministration the school was held in the frame building which had\\nbeen built for a church and had been moved to the grounds now occu-\\npied by the district school. His assistants were Miss Fairbanks, Walter\\nSmith, now a Baptist preacher, and Archibald Sloan, since become a\\nminister. Among the pupils who grew up under his fostering care\\nwere Elijah Moore and Jesse and G. W. Holloway. The seminary\\nbuilding was erected in 1848. It was a plain brick building, two\\nstories high, and capable of accommodating two hundred pupils. Prof.\\nJ. P. Johnson, now of Highland, Kansas, was in charge of the school for\\nfive years, his wife and two nieces being assistants. During his excellent\\nmanagement the school increased in numbers and popularity. Pupils\\ncame from one hundred miles away to attend the school, and Danville\\nsent great numbers. Miss Sophia Lyons, now Mrs. Holloway, taught\\nmusic. During a portion of the existence of the seminary there was\\na kind of a partnership existing between the district and the trustees\\nof the seminary, wanting in legal authority, it was admitted, but so\\njust in its character and so successful in its operations that no one com-\\nplained. Among those who received their education here the follow-\\ning are remembered by Mrs. \u00c2\u00a5m. Taylor, to whose faithful memory\\nthe writer is under obligations for most of the facts in regard to this\\nnow almost forgotten institution Rev. O. P. Light, Daniel Trimble, of\\nColes county, and Dr. Morris, of Mattoon. Prof. Asa Guy taught two\\nyears, from 1853 to 1855. His wife and Miss Hazelton were assistants.\\nRev. Mr. Railsback, who died recently, was principal for four years,\\nand after him Rev. Mr. MeNutt, until it became entirely absorbed in\\nthe free school.\\nThe seminary building was built by the proceeds of contributions\\nmade by the citizens in general, such as money, cattle, hogs, shoats,\\nlumber, yellow-legged chickens, and anything that a good Methodist\\npreacher could secure by energetic begging.\\nThe directors of the district came into full management of the\\nschool in 1861, by the disbanding of the seminary in consequence of\\nthe growing sentiment in favor of free schools, and the perfecting of\\nour school system by state action. Asa S. Guy taught first, and was\\nassisted by T. Barnett and Rebecca Lawrence. After them Mr. Spang-\\nler, Mr. Barnett, Mr. Mack, Mr. Lane and Mr. Cathcart taught. The", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0624.jp2"}, "625": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 523\\npresent teachers are F. N. Traeey, principal Mrs. Tracey, Miss Mary\\nAnkrum, Miss Emma Jenkins and Miss Laura Richmond, assistants.\\nThe district has a magnificent school-building, erected in 1872 at a\\ncost of $10,000. It is of brick, two stories high, and is substantial and\\nwell built, nicely set off with neat display work in brick. It is 28 x 90\\nin front, with a rear extension 30x40; six rooms. The school is in\\ngood hands, and is deservedly popular. It is graded, high-school,\\ngrammar school, first and second intermediate, and primary. All the\\nbranches usually taught in the high-schools of this state are taught.\\nThe annual report of Joseph Thompson, Esq., treasurer of schools\\nfor town 18, range 11, and fraction of range 10, for the year ending\\nJuly 15, 1879, is as follows:\\nNumber of children under 21 years 1,221\\nNumber over 6 and under 21 years 886\\nNumber of districts 10\\nNumber of teachers 21\\nNumber of school-houses brick, 4 frame 6 10\\nAverage number months taught 6^\\nValue of school property $11,550\\nPrincipal of township fund $4,080\\nAmount paid teachers $3,816\\nTotal expenditure for schools $4,638\\nRussell Lodge, No. 154, A.F. A.M., was constituted on the 3d of\\nOctober, A.L. 5854. The charter members were John Kilgore, W.\\nP. Shockey, W. T. Hoi man and others. The first officers were W. P.\\nShockey, W.M. J. Kilgore, S.W. W. T. Holman, J.W. O. E. D.\\nCulbertson, Sec. The lodge has since been served by the following\\nMasters in order: W. D. Craig, E. R. Ankrum, W. C. Cowan and J.\\nP. Cloyd. The present officers are: D. B. Reid, W.M. D. Bennett,\\nS.W.; W. V. Jones, J.W. R. W. Cowan, Treas. W. L. Hall, Sec;\\nW. C. Cowan, S.D. E. R. Ankrum, J.D. J. P. Campbell, T. The\\nlodge numbers thirty-eight members, and owns its hall.\\nGeorgetown Lodge, Eo. 62, I.O.O.F., was chartered on the 25th of\\nJuly, 1850, by G. W. Woodward, G.M. The original members were:\\nSamuel Huffman, J. E. Dugan, D. C. Hill, Othniel Gilbert, William\\nAnderson, Wm. Tayor, Newton Dukes, Dr. Balch, Dr. Davis, A. A.\\nDunseth and H. Cook. The lodge was prosperous for a time, and\\nthen, owing to the dispersion of its members, became weak, and sur-\\nrendered its charter. In 1872 it reorganized, and the following officers\\nwere installed Henderson Cook, N.G. A. H. Kimbrough, Y.G. J.\\nH. Ladd, Sec. William Taylor, Treas. The present membership is\\ntwenty-two, and its officers are: James A. Dubre, N.G. James H.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0625.jp2"}, "626": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nGadd, V.G. James Baldwin, Sec. J. A. Blakeney, Permanent Sec.\\nJ. B. Clifton, Treas. James Baldwin, Lodge Deputy.\\nThere were nourishing lodges of Sons of Temperance and Good\\nTemplars in times past; but both have been discontinued, as the need\\nfor their special work seemed to grow less.\\nW. C. Cowan is collecting a museum of antiquarian curiosities,\\namong which are a land patent of 1825, bearing the autograph of J. Q.\\nAdams, President; a six-dollar bill of Virginia, agreeing to pay six\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Spanish milled dollars, or their value in gold or silver, dated May 6,\\n1777, on the thick brown paper of that day and quite a collection ol\\nthe different scrip issues of the United States issued during the recent\\nunpleasantness, and a petrified buffalo s tooth. The Historical So-\\nciety will be glad to enlist him in their work.\\nThe streets of the village are wide, and a general air of neatness\\npervades them. While this is true, the habit of crowding the build-\\nings which are used for residences, out near the street, leaving insuffi-\\ncient yards before them, or none at all, detracts from the elegance\\nwhich would otherwise attach. No amount of decorative taste can\\nmake amends for a cramped door-} 7 ard, in a locality where land is no\\nobject. There are many pleasant residences, ard several substantial\\nbusiness blocks in Georgetown.\\nThe large double three-story store, occupied by Richie Thomp-\\nson, was erected by Benjamin Canaday about 1850, and like its builder,\\nis a great broad-shouldered, honest specimen. It cost $5,000. The\\nHolloway building, fifty feet on the square and sixty on State street,\\nthree stories high, brick, was built by the proprietor in 1867. His\\nstore and the bank occupy the first floor, offices the second, and the\\nupper story is occupied and owned by the Masonic fraternity. The\\nFrazier store, 36x60, brick, two stories, was built in 1859 at a cost of\\n$5,000. W. C. Cowan s drug store, 18x40, built in 1872, brick, two\\nstories, $2,000. Elam Henderson built the drug store occupied by\\nCowan Co., 18 x 40, brick, two stories, later, at a cost of $1,800. The\\nresidence of Dr. E. T. Pritchard, one of the best in town, is 34x40,\\ntwo stories with addition one story, and cost $2,500. The grounds are\\nnicely adorned witli shade trees and shrubbery. Elam Henderson s\\nbrick residence was built in 1870, and is about the same size; it has\\nample grounds. J. K. Richie has a nice two-story brick residence, with\\ncomfortable grounds and pleasant surroundings. Wm. Frazier has a\\ngood story-and-a-half brick residence, and Zack Morris a pleasantly\\nfixed framed house of similar dimensions. Miss Haworth has a fine\\ntwo-story residence, and P. West has a very pleasant one.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0626.jp2"}, "627": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 525\\nVILLAGE ORGANIZATION.\\nThe first record which appears in the office of the clerk is of a meet-\\ning of the town council, April 12, 1866, at which were present, H.\\nCook, president; Patrick Cowan, clerk; J. H. Lockett, Josiah Bailey,\\nJ. PI. Gadd and W. C. Cowan, trustees. There is no further record\\nuntil April 5, 1869, when John Newlin was elected president; Elam\\nHenderson, Abner Frazier, D. B. Reid, Oliver Finley and J. H. Lock-\\nett, trustees; Titus Bennett, police magistrate; W. H. Newlin, treas-\\nurer, and J. E. Moore, clerk.\\nFebruary 22, 1873, the question was submitted to a vote of the\\nlegal voters whether Georgetown should become incorporated under\\nthe general act of 1872, and was decided in the affirmative by 51 to 35.\\nThe first election under this organization resulted in the election of\\nTitus Bennett, W. O. Mendenhall, A. Frazier, E. R. Ankrum, B. F.\\nCook and P. West, trustees; J. H. Hewitt, police magistrate, and W.\\nH. Newlin, clerk. The present Board consists of Jacob Yapp, J.\\nThompson, W. F. Henderson, W. B. Cowan, J. H. Hewitt and J. D.\\nShepler clerk, C. A. Fertig treasurer, Daniel Alexander; police\\nmagistrate, W. B. Hanes. License for the sale of liquor is not\\ngranted.\\nWESTVILLE.\\nWestville, a station on the Danville Southwestern railroad, four\\nmiles from Georgetown, was laid out by William P. West and E. A.\\nWest, on the southeast corner of section 6, in May, 1873. Two blocks\\nonly were platted for record. Parker Ellsworth commenced business\\nin 1872, west of the railroad. When they moved across to the east\\nside, Cook Alexander bought them out, and began a general mer-\\ncantile trade. Dukes Doops succeeded that firm, and Boone\\nJumps Brothers followed them. They continued in business here only\\na short time, and were succeeded by J. W. Lockett Brother, who are\\ncarrying on a fair trade in general merchandise, and buying country\\nproduce. H. C. Myers opened a drug store in 1877, and has been suc-\\nceeded by Dr. W. D. Steele, who is engaged in the practice of medicine.\\nJonathan Clayton commenced the blacksmith business in 1872. He\\ndied three years ago. Mr. Haller had the shop a year, and was fol-\\nlowed by J. F. Hutchinson. The post-office was established in 1876,\\nand S. W. Dukes was appointed first postmaster. He was succeeded\\nby J. W. Lockett, the present incumbent. John Dukes is engaged in\\nbuying and shipping stock.\\nGraves is a flag-station about half way between Westville and\\nGeorgetown, for the convenience of that neighborhood.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0627.jp2"}, "628": {"fulltext": "526 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nJames O Neal, Westville, farmer, was born near his present place,\\nin Georgetown township, on the 20th of April, 1822. He lived with\\nhis parents until he was twenty-six years of age, when he moved near\\nKyger s Mill, and from thence to his present place. On the 18th of May,\\n1848, he married Miss Vesta Pratt. She was born in this county, near\\nDanville, on the 2d of October, 1829. They had ten children, eight of\\nwhom are living, viz: Cynthia Ann, Oliver P., Jonathan T., Mary\\nLincoln, Silva A., Clarrissa E., Effie L. and James Hawes. Mr.\\nO Neal s parents, Thomas and Sarah Howard O Neal, were natives of\\nNelson county, Kentucky, and settled here in the fall of 1821. He\\ndied in the fall of 1861, and she in the fall of 1863. Mr. Thomas\\nO Neal and one of his sons volunteered in the Black Hawk war. His\\nson James was among the first born in this county. The latter s\\ndaughter married Mr. Simon Doop, on the 19th of November, 1868.\\nThey are living here with Mr. O Neal. They had five children, three\\nliving: Alfred E., Jessie P. and Yesta J.\\nElam Henderson, Georgetown, president of the Citizens Bank, is a\\nnative of Union county, Indiana. He was born on his father s farm,\\non the 6th of July, 1810, and lived on the same fourteen years. The\\nfamily then moved to Illinois, and settled in Edgar, now Vermilion\\ncounty, about five miles south of Georgetown, where they engaged in\\nfarming, and remained until 1831. In the year last named he moved\\ninto the neighborhood of Georgetown, and engaged in farming on his\\nown account, and continued at the same until 1853. He then engaged\\nin the general merchandise business in Georgetown, and in 1855 moved\\nhis famity to the village. He continued in the business until 1876.\\nAt this date he took an interest in the Vermilion County Bank, of\\nDanville, and retained the same about a year. He then occupied him-\\nself in looking after his farm and in building. In 1878 he formed a\\npartnership and engaged in the banking business, under the firm name\\nof Henderson MendenhalPs Citizens Bank. The institution was\\nopened on the 1st of January, 1878, and is now conducted by E. Hen-\\nderson Co. Mr. Henderson held the office of county commissioner\\nfrom 1836 till 1839. He was then elected associate justice, and held\\nthat office until 1853, and that of supervisor from 1857 till 1873, except\\ntwo years. On the 11th of March, 1830, he married Miss Mary Golden.\\nShe was born in East Tennessee.\\nElijah Moore, Georgetown, farmer, is a native of this township he\\nwas born on his father s farm on the 16th of October, 1825, and is the\\noldest living resident native of this part of the township. He lived\\nwith his parents until he was twenty-one. He then bought feathers,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0628.jp2"}, "629": {"fulltext": "GE0RC4ET0WN TOWNSHIP. 527\\nmarketing them in Chicago. He traveled in Illinois and Indiana, and\\nthen began farming on his own account on a farm adjoining his father s,\\nand lived there about six years. lie then sold his farm and came on\\nthe home farm, buying the location of present residence built a house,\\nand has lived here since. After his father s death he bought the old\\nhomestead, and has added to it, until now it contains nearly four hun-\\ndred acres. On the 7th of December, 1848, he married Miss Nancy S.\\nChambers, a native of Indiana. They had five children, four of whom\\nare living Jesse C, Homer, Romazo E. and Nelson R. The name of\\nthe deceased was Sarah Ann.\\nEsau Starr, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois; he was born on the 10th of February. 1826,\\nand has always lived in this county. His father died when he was\\nabout four years of age. He lived with his mother until he was\\ntwenty-three. On the 31st of May, 1849, he married Miss Rebecca\\nSherer, who was born in this county on the 23d of October, 1831.\\nAfter his marriage he rented one year; he then bought his present\\nplace and settled. He has made many trips to Chicago by team, dating\\nback as early as 1840. He had six children, three are now living:\\nJames T., Carrie A. and Lydia J. He owns one hundred and eighty-\\nseven and a half acres of land in this county, which is principally the\\nresult of his own labor and management.\\nHenry Howard, Danville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Pike\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 12th of December, 1821, and lived there five\\nyears with his parents. He then settled near Danville, Illinois. He\\nlived with his parents until he was twenty-three years of age. Febru-\\nary, 1844, he married Miss Susannah Ogden. She was born in this\\ncounty, and died in November, 1851. They had four children, three\\nliving, viz: James, Luc} r J. and Reason. On the 11th of May, 1852,\\nhe married Mrs. Rachel Martin, formerly Miss Mossbarger. She was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Indiana. They have seven children, viz\\nWilliam H., Eliza A., Jacob, Daniel, Charles, Mary A. and Melissa.\\nMr. Howard has served one year as supervisor of this township. He\\nowns one hundred and six acres of land in this county. His parents,\\nAaron and Jane (McDougal) Howard, were natives of Ohio. They\\ncame to this county in 1826. He died in April, 1860, and she in\\nMarch of 1844.\\nWm. D. Smith, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nWashington county, Tennessee, on the 29th of December, 1822, and\\nlived there nearly six years; then, with his parents, he came to Illinois,\\nand settled in Vermilion county, near his present place. He lived\\nwith his parents until he was twenty-four, when he came to his present", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0629.jp2"}, "630": {"fulltext": "528 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nplace and has lived here since. On the 22d of August, 1848, he mar-\\nried Miss Sarah F. Littner. She was born in Knox county, Tennessee,\\non the 1st of July, 1831. They had thirteen children, nine of whom\\nare living, viz James F., Sarah F., Thomas, Phebe, Theodore, Will-\\niam D., jr., James, Andrew S. and Susan. He owns two hundred and\\neighty-five acres in this county, which he has earned by his own labor\\nand management. He teamed to Chicago, beginning as early as 1836.\\nFrom 1842 to 1846 he made seven trips by flat-boat to New Orleans,\\nfrom Eugene, Indiana. He followed threshing for twenty-six years,\\nand took the premium at Catlin fair for best threshing. He was also\\nconsidered one of the best feeders.\\nJames Sandusky, Westville, farming and stock-raiser, was born in\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, on the 27th of July, 1817, and lived there\\nuntil 1827, when, with his parents, he came to Illinois and settled on\\nthe present place, and lived here until 1836, when they moved to where\\nCatlin now stands, and lived there until 1848, when he again came to\\nthe present place, and lived here until 1859. He then rented the\\nplace and moved to his brother s farm at Catlin, and lived there until\\n1864. He then came to the present place, where he has since lived.\\nOn the 6th of December, 1847, he married Miss Mary Ann Greene.\\nShe was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, where they were mar-\\nried. They had eleven children, nine living, viz Sarah E., Josiah,\\nJames S., Henry C, Eliza, Stephen A. D., Thomas, Susan A. and\\nLora. Mr. Sandusky marketed wheat in Chicago in early days. In\\n1838 he, with six yoke of oxen, took one hundred bushels, and received\\n$1.25 per bushel. He owns three hundred acres in this county. His\\nparents, Isaac and Enphama McDowell Sandusky, were natives of Ken-\\ntucky and Virginia, and came here as stated. He served in the wars\\nof 1812 and the Black Hawk war. He was taken prisoner in the\\nformer. He was with Harrison at Tippecanoe. He died on the 6th\\nof August, 1852; she died on the 15th of June, 1864.\\nAndrew Reynolds, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is one of\\nthe early settlers of this county. He w T as born on the 25th of May,\\n1819, in Knox county, Tennessee, and lived there about eight years.\\nDuring this time his parents died. He then came to Illinois with his\\nbrother, who lived near Catlin, and remained with him four years. He\\nthen came to Georgetown township, and lived with Mr. Gardner until\\nhe was twenty-one. He then rented a place, and has farmed on his\\nown account since. In 1859 he came to his present place. He owns\\none hundred and six acres in this county, principally the result of his\\nown labor. He married Miss Amanda Smith. He came here from\\nTennessee by wagon. In 1835 he made his first trip to Chicago by", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0630.jp2"}, "631": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 529\\nteam, and has since made the trip in all kinds of weather, and in some\\ncases suffering extreme hardships and privations.\\nA. B. Smith, Danville, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Wash-\\nington county, Tennessee. He was born on the 25th of December,\\n1817, and lived there eleven years. He then, with his parents, came\\nto Illinois, and settled near Georgetown. He lived with his parents\\nuntil he was twenty-three. On the 8th of October, 1840, he married\\nMiss Eliza Lockett. She was born in Wythe county, Virginia. After\\nhis marriage he settled on his present -place. He is no office-seeker,\\nand has held no offices except those connected with the school and roads.\\nHe owns five hundred acres in this count} principally located nine\\nmiles southeast of Danville. In early days Mr. Smith made journeys\\nby team to Chicago, making his first trip in 1832, and he lias sold\\nwheat there as low as forty-two cents per bushel. His parents, Joseph\\nand Sarah (Brown) Smith, were natives of Tennessee, where they were\\nmarried on the 15th of August, 1812. He was born on the 7th of\\nMarch, 1793, and she -was born on the 29th of May, 1793. Both died\\nin this township.\\nO. S. Graves, Westville, farming and stock-raising, was born in\\nClark county, Kentucky, on the 5th of May, 1818, and lived there\\nuntil he was ten years of age. With his parents he then came to Illi-\\nnois, and settled in Vermilion county, near the present place. He lived\\nwith his parents until he was thirty years of age. He then came to his\\npresent place. On the 21st of September, 1843, he married Miss Sarah\\nAnn Ashby. She was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, and came\\nto Vermilion county, Illinois, with her parents, in 1829. Mr. Graves\\nhas made a number of trips to Chicago by team, taking wheat, stock,\\netc. Plis first trip dates back to 1838, and he has sold wheat there\\nat from forty-four to sixty-four cents per bushel. They had six chil-\\ndren, five living, viz: James L., Henry C, Martha E., Isabel and\\nOrvil D. The two former are married, the latter live at home. Mr.\\nGraves owns four hundred and forty acres in this county, iocated on\\nthe main road from Danville to Georgetown, seven miles south of the\\nformer place. His parents, James and Margaret (Blackburn) Graves,\\nwere natives of Kentucky. They were married there, and came to\\nIllinois in 1828. He died in July, 1857, and she is living with her\\nson.\\nCharles Yoho, Georgetown, retired farmer, was born in West Vir-\\nginia in the spring of 1807, and lived there eighteen years. He then\\nwent by water to Eugene, and from there to his present place, where\\nhe lived one year. He then -went back to his home, and in the follow-\\ning winter went down the Ohio to Kising Sun, and cut wood. In the\\n34", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0631.jp2"}, "632": {"fulltext": "530 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nspring following he catne to Illinois, and worked in this neighborhood.\\nHe has lived here since, with the exception of the time spent in a few\\nshort trips east and to Chicago. In 1832 he volunteered in Major\\nSloan s regiment to fight Black Hawk. He has teamed to Chicago a\\nnumber of times, and sold wheat as low as thirty-seven and a half\\ncents per bushel. He married Miss Annie Brown, of Tennessee. They\\nhad sixteen children, fourteen of whom are living, viz Hiram, Jacob,\\nThomas, William, Alleck, Catharine, Eliza, Jamina, Nancy, Victoria,\\nLucinda, Lilly, Elmyra and Julia. After his marriage Mr. Yoho engaged\\nin boating to New Orleans. He owns two hundred and eighty acres\\nof land in this county, which he has earned by his own labor. He\\ncame to Illinois in company with James and Thomas Pribble and N.\\nHen thorn. They had two boats, and at the Falls of Ohio had to pay\\n$10 to be piloted through. Mr. Yoho accompanied the first boat, and\\nconcluded he would save the $10 on the second, and so piloted the\\nsame through in safety, though greatly opposed by the native pilot.\\nJames Pribble, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nMonroe county, Ohio, on the 21st of September, 1826, and lived there\\nthree years. In 1829, with his parents, he settled in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, near his present place, and lived with his parents until their\\ndeath. In 1853 he began farming on his own account, farming part of\\nhis father s place. He married Miss Susannah Haines. She was born\\nin Virginia, and died in the fall of 1860. They had four children,\\nthree living, viz: Mary E., Deborah V. and Flora L. His present wife\\nwas Miss Catharine Yoho. She was born in this county, and married\\non the 4th of May, 1861. They had nine children, six of whom are\\nliving, viz Richard, Andrew, Robert, Ellen, Rachel and Justin. Mr.\\nPribble owns one hundred and twelve acres in this county, located\\nthree and a half miles east of Georgetown. His parents, Thomas and\\nDeborah Dickinson, were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia. He\\nmoved to Ohio when young, and followed keel-boating. He died on\\nthe 10th of September, 1872, and she departed this life on the 13th of\\nSeptember, 1851.\\nJames Ashby, Westville, farmer, was born in Bourbon county, Ken-\\ntucky, in September, 1817, and lived there until 1829, when, with his\\nparents, he came to Illinois, and settled in Vermilion county. He\\nlived with his parents twenty-eight years, and then rented a farm and\\nworked for himself. In 1863 he came to his present place, which con-\\ntains sixty-four acres. On the 3d of April, 1845, he married Miss\\nSarah J. Blakeney she was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky. They\\nhad nine children, seven of whom are living: Milton, Liza Ann, Mar-\\ntha E., Paulina J., Pleasant, Emma L., and Medora L. Mr. Ashby", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0632.jp2"}, "633": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 531\\nhas hauled apples to Chicago as early as 1851. His parents, Joseph\\nand Nancy Cloe Ashby, were natives of Stafford county, Virginia; they\\nwere married there, and came to this county in 1829 he died in the\\ntall of 1845, and she in 1861.\\nThomas Pribble, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nOhio on the 1st of March, 1828, where he lived one year. He then,\\nwith his parents, came to Illinois and settled on his present place,\\ncoming down the Ohio and up the Wabash to Eugene, settling on his\\npresent place in 1829. In 1854 he took the management of the farm.\\nIn 1862 he enlisted in the 125th 111. Regiment, and was in service until\\nthe close of the war. He was in the battles of Perry ville, Chattanooga,\\nChickamauga, Mission Ridge and Dallas, Georgia, where he was wound-\\ned and confined to the hospital until his discharge. He returned to\\nthe farm and has lived here since. He owns eighty-two acres of land,\\nlocated three miles east of Georgetown. On the 25th of December,\\n1866, he married Miss Cynthia Morgan she was born in this county.\\nThey have four children Commodore, Hamilton, Snowden H. and\\nMinnetta. His parents were James and Flora (Cree) Pribble.\\nLevi Long, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Nicho-\\nlas county, Kentucky, on his father s farm, on the 20th of October,\\n1810, and lived there until the fall of 1830. He then, with his brother-\\nin-law, Mr. Jones, came to Illinois, and settled in Vermilion county,\\nand, after living here one year, went to Kentucky and assisted in-\\nmoving his brother-in-law s family to this county. On the 15th of\\nDecember, 1831, he married Miss Celia R. Jones; she was born in\\nNicholas county, Kentucky, and died here on the 5th of June, 1876.\\nAfter his marriage he rented a place, and farmed it one year he then\\nwent to Elwood township, and farmed three years. On the death of\\nhis father-in-law he bought out the heirs and moved to the place, and\\nhas lived here since. He assisted in laying out the roads of this town-\\nship, and served as road commissioner for some time. Of the ten chil-\\ndren, seven are living John E., William L., Charles F., Nancy J.,\\nJosiah S., Sarah F. and James P. Mr. Long owns five hundred and\\nforty-eight acres of land in this county, which he has earned by his\\nown labor and management. As early as 1833 he hauled potatoes to\\nChicago for twenty-five cents per bushel, and he has made a number\\nof trips since.\\nGabriel Pribble, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nMonroe county, Ohio, on the 14th of June, 1826, and lived there four\\nyears, when, with his parents, he settled near his present place in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, and lived with them until he was twenty-eight\\nyears of age. He then farmed a portion of his father s farm for one", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0633.jp2"}, "634": {"fulltext": "532 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nyear, when he bought eighty acres adjoining, and moved on the same,\\nand there remained for twenty years, when he moved to an adjoining\\neighty, which he bought. He owns one hundred and sixty acres in\\nthis county, located four miles east of Georgetown. He has made a\\nnumber of trips by team to Chicago, the first dating back to 1846. In\\nthe fall of 1858 he married Miss Moriah Ramsey; she was born in\\nOhio, and died on the 23d of June, 1873. They had seven children,\\nfive of whom are living: Jerome, James, Flora B., Isadora, and Sarah\\nM. On the 13th of November, 1876, he married Miss Jane Canaday.\\nSilas D. Underwood, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 23d of November, 1830, and\\nlived with his parents until he was twenty-four; he then moved to a\\nfarm north of Georgetown, thence to Iroquois county, Illinois, thence\\nto his present place. February 12, 1856, he married Miss Nancy Bow-\\nman. She was born in Indiana and died in the fall of 1861. His\\nsecond wife was Miss Nancy Haworth. She was born in this county\\nand died in the spring of 1S66. His present wife was Miss Martha\\nLewis. She was born in this county. There is one living of the three\\nchildren by first marriage: Catharine; of the nine by second mar-\\nriage seven are living: Oliver, Lyman, Lorie, Thomas, Charlotte,\\nColfax and Maimie (Grant, deceased, Charlotte and Colfax were trip-\\nlets). Mr. Underwood is living on the old homestead which he is farm-\\ning for his mother, with whom is living John A. Thompson, a son of\\nher deceased daughter, Broakie C, who married Alex. Thompson, and\\ndied May 8, 1870.\\nJohn C. Jones, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nNicholas county, Kentucky, on the 25th of December, 1820, and lived\\nthere eleven years he then, with his parents, came to Illinois and set-\\ntled in Vermilion county, and has lived here since, with the excep-\\ntion of one year in Missouri; he lived with his parents seventeen\\nyears; then after the death of his father he began working for himself\\nteaming to Chicago one year. He subsequently worked on the railroad\\nbetween Danville and Fairmount, and afterward went to Missouri,\\nremaining one year. He then bought one hundred acres here on credit,\\nand was five years in paying for it. On the 30th of November, 1850, he\\nmarried Miss Martha J. Dye. She was born in Mason county, Kentucky.\\nThey had eight children, seven of whom are living Wm. C, Charles F.,\\nLydia J., Jethro R., Zebedee, Joanna and Arms C. Mr. Jones owns four\\nhundred acres of land in this county, the result of his own labor and\\nmanagement. His parents (John and Casander Parrish Jones) were\\nnatives of Kentucky. He died in October, 1837, and she in June,\\n1833.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0634.jp2"}, "635": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 533\\nHarvey Cloe, Georgetown, farmer, was born in Clark county,\\nKentucky, on the 26th of April, 1822, and lived there until 1831, when,\\nwith his parents, he came to Illinois and settled in Vermilion county,\\nand engaged in farming. He lived with his parents until he was mar-\\nried, November 27, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Eslinger. She was born\\nin this county, and died October 16, 1849. After his marriage he set-\\ntled on his present place. They had four children, three of whom are\\nliving: Henry, Harvey T. and Susan H. In February, 1850, he mar-\\nried Miss Amanda Cowell. She was born in Illinois. They had seven\\nchildren, two living: Mary E. C. and Elizabeth R. Mr. Cloe owns\\n287 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor.\\nHis parents, Henry and Ann Constine (Foxworthy) Cloe, were natives\\nof Virginia. They were married in Virginia, and went to Kentucky\\nin 1813, to Illinois as stated, and to Iowa in 1855, where they died.\\nJohn Kyger, Georgetown, retired, whose portrait appears in this\\nwork, is a native of Virginia, and is a son of Daniel and Annie (Hen-\\nthorn) Kyger. He was born near Morgan town on the 6th of May,\\n1799, and lived until 1806 in his native state, at which time his\\nparents moved to Monroe county, Ohio, where they engaged in farming.\\nAt the age of eighteen Mr. Kyger commenced flatboating, and this he\\nfollowed for a number of years. He would load one of these boats\\nwith produce and sell it along the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi\\nrivers as far down as New Orleans, it taking him from five to seven days\\nto make the trip. On the 7th of June, 1821, he married Miss Mary\\nSheets, a native of Washington county, Ohio. She was born on the\\n27th of November, 1799. They continued their residence in Ohio\\nuntil 1832, when they came to Illinois, taking a keelboat down the\\nOhio and up the Wabash, and settling in Vermilion county same year.\\nHe engaged in farming, and has lived; in this, county since. In 1858\\nhe moved to his present residence, where, on the 6th of January, 1870,\\nhis wife, Mrs. Mary Kyger, died. By the marriage there were seven\\nchildren, four of whom are now living: Henry T., Daniel, Annie\\nand Sarah. Mr. Kyger is one of the early settlers and well-known citi-\\nzens of this neighborhood. He remembers well the early times in the\\ncounty when they marketed produce in Chicago he making his first\\ntrip of this kind in 1838. Born on the farm, he has always followed\\nfarming, in which he has been successful, and has made liberal pro vi-\\nsions for his children upon which to begin life, having divided upward\\nof three hundred acres of land among same. Hannah Kyger, a sister\\nof Mr. Kyger, was born on the 3d of February, 1797, and is now a\\nresident of Georgetown township.\\nD. F. Graves, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0635.jp2"}, "636": {"fulltext": "534 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nGeorgetown township, Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born on\\nhis present place, on the 8th of November, 1832, and lived on the same\\nuntil he was thirteen years of age. He then, with his parents, moved\\nto an adjoining farm, where he lived until 1858. On the 1st of January\\nof that year he married Miss Mary Martin. She was born in this town-\\nship, near Georgetown. After his marriage he came to his present\\nplace, and has lived here since. He is no office-seeker, and has held no\\noffices except those connected with the school and road. They have\\nfive children Margaret E., Clara F., Katie, James H. and Nellie.\\nHe owns one hundred and eighty-five acres in this county.\\nJohn Dukes, farmer and stock-raiser, Westville, was born near his\\npresent place, on the 21st of March, 1832. He lived at home until he\\nwas twenty-two years of age, when, on the 19th of April, 1855, he mar-\\nried Miss Rubie Lacey. She was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on\\nthe 24th of December, 1838, and came to this county with her parents\\nwhen she was fourteen years of age. After his marriage he moved to\\na residence on his father s place, and farmed a portion of his farm. He\\nlived there thirteen years, and then came to his present place. He has\\nhauled produce to Chicago, making his first trip as early as 1844.\\nDuring the late war he acted as enrolling officer for the first district.\\nHe has been assessor of this township for eleven years and collector for\\nten years. By the marriage there have been nine children, seven of\\nwhom are living: Rachel, Sarah S., Mary, Martha, Susannah, Will-\\niam and Nancy. Mr. Dukes owns three hundred and twenty-seven\\nacres of land in this county, which he has principally earned by his own\\nlabor and management. In 1864 he engaged in buying and shipping\\nstock, and has done an extensive business in that line. His parents,\\nStephen and Rachel Ellis, were natives of Virginia and Tennessee.\\nThey were born on the 25th of June, 1796, and 25th of October, 1804,\\nrespectively. He came to this county at an early date, and she came\\nin 1821. They were married in this county, on the 23d of January,\\n1826. Mr. Dukes died on the 18th of July, 1847. She is living here\\non the old homestead. Miss Rubie Lacey was the daughter of William\\nand Salona (Sanderson) Lacey. They were natives of New Jersey and\\nNew York. They came to this county in 1853, where they died, on\\nthe 27th of September, 1873, and 28th of December, 1859, respectively.\\nJotham Lyon, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He was born on the 25th of September,\\n1833, and lived at home until he was twenty-three. He then took a\\ntrip to Minnesota and Wisconsin, returning the same year, and again\\ngoing there the following winter. The following spring he came here\\nand engaged in farming, on the old homestead, for two years. He then", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0636.jp2"}, "637": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 535\\ncame to his present place. On the 26th of January, 1858, he married\\nMiss Sarah Worth. She was born in Wisconsin. They had six chil-\\ndren five are now living Mary, William, Datus, Noah and Elmer.\\nHe owns ninety acres of land in this county, which he has earned by\\nhis own labor and management. His parents, Jotham and Mary\\nHarrington Lyon, were natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania.\\nThey were married in Indiana, and came to this county in 1827, though\\nhe had been here before that time. He assisted in laying out the old\\nSalt Works road. He died on the 2d of August, 1843, aged sixty-one\\nyears, four months and twenty days. She is living with her son in this\\ntownship.\\nIsaac A. Brown, P. O. Eugene, Ind., retired, was born in Washington\\ncounty, Tennessee, on the 6th of October, 1816, and lived there seven-\\nteen years, when, with his parents, he moved to Illinois, and settled in\\nElwood township, Vermilion county, and lived there until 1836. They\\nthen moved to Danville, and engaged in coopering. He there built a\\nhouse in South Danville (the first after the laying out of the place),\\nand engaged in the grocery business. He then went to Sidney, Illi-\\nnois, and engaged in general merchandise, and then went to LeRoy,\\nand engaged in general merchandise. Afterward he went to Lyme\\nGrove, Champaign county, and engaged in farming. From there he\\nwent to Vermilion county, Illinois, and engaged in tanning and cooper-\\ning in Elwood township. He then came to his present place, thence\\nto Perrysville, and from there back to his present place. In 1834 he\\nmade his first trip to Chicago by team. On the 14h of April, 1836, he\\nmarried Miss Eunice Beasley; she was born in Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, and died in May, 1848. They had six children, four living\\nElijah, Joseph, Elizabeth J. and Phoebe. On the 26th of July, 1848,\\nhe married Miss Cordelia M.White; she was born in Clermont county,\\nOhio. They have eight children Isaac A., jr., Eunice, Hannah, Lilly\\nG., Naomi, Edmoni, A. Lincoln, and Patience. His sons, Milo G. and\\nJoseph B., enlisted in the 8th 111. Reg. and 21st Ind. Reg. respect-\\nively the former was in the service one year, the latter, three. The\\npresent place is known all over the county as Browntown. On the\\nplace is a store 20 x 40, two stories and good basement, formerly used\\nby Mr. Brown in the general merchandise business over the store is\\na hall used as a lecture room and church. The store is complete and\\nready for occupancy. There is also on the place a large coopering es-\\ntablishment.\\nJames Clifton, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois, near his present place, on the 8th of Oc-\\ntober, 1833. He lived with his parents until he was twenty-three years", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0637.jp2"}, "638": {"fulltext": "536 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof age he then came to his present place, and has lived here since. On\\nthe 15th of June, 1855, he married Miss Martha Barnhard; she was\\nborn in this county. They had seven children, five living Ellen,\\nS. A. D., Olive, Laura, and James, jr. Mr. Clifton owns two hundred\\nand five acres in this county, located three miles due east of George-\\ntown. His parents, William and Jane Brown Clifton, were natives\\nof Ohio and Tennessee. They were married near the present place.\\nBoth died in this county; he in the winter of 1869, and she in the\\nwinter of 1877.\\nJ. K. Richie, Georgetown, general merchandise store, the subject\\nof this sketch, was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, on the 24th\\nof October, 1826. Soon after his birth his father died, and his mother\\nmoved to New Market, in the same county, where he lived until he\\nwas six years of age, when he came to Vermilion county, Illinois, with\\nhis mother and grandfather. They wintered in Georgetown, and in\\nthe spring (1833) they moved to a farm southeast of the same village,\\nwhere he lived until the fall of 1843. He then went to his native\\nplace in Tennessee, living with his uncle, Gen. William Battleton. On\\narriving he entered Holstine College, attending his uncle s store morn-\\nings, evenings and Saturdays. This continued two years, when he\\nengaged regularly in the store, and remained in it until October, 1847.\\nHe then visited Georgetown, and, in the spring following, he went to\\nNew Market, and remained but a few months, when he engaged as\\nclerk in a store in Dandridge, Jefferson county, this being. his first\\nposition under salary. He remained until the 1st of April, 1850, and\\nthen came north to Georgetown, and engaged as clerk with B. Canaday\\nSon, who occupied the present location of Mr. Richie s business.\\nHe clerked twelve months, and then formed a partnership with I. B.\\nHaworth in the business of general merchandise. They continued\\nuntil August, 1854. Mr. Richie then formed a partnership with B.\\nCanaday Son, the firm changing to B. Canaday Co. This con-\\ntinued until 1869, when the firm changed to Canaday Richie, and\\nin 1871 it again changed to the present style, and has continued so\\nsince. On the 31st of May, 1854, he married Miss S. R. Canaday. She\\nwas born in Georgetown. They had seven children, three of whom\\nre living Morris E., Benjamin C. and Mary A.\\nJ. Niccum, Gessie, Indiana, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 15th of June, 1833, and lived\\nthere eighteen years. His parents then moved to Indiana, and he\\nlived there two years. On the 25th of September, 1853, he married\\nMiss Sarah Ann Niccum. She was born in Vermilion comity, Illinois,\\non the 12th of October, 1830. They moved near Catlin and lived\\n~=s s^re li", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0638.jp2"}, "639": {"fulltext": "georgp:town township. 537\\nthere six years, and then came to his present place. In 1854 they took\\na relative, Frank Billings, to raise. He was born on the 27th of De-\\ncember, 1853, and lived here until the 4th of September, 1878, when\\nhe went to Stafford county, Kansas, and is now farming there with his\\nbrother. They also, in 1863, took the present Mrs. Henry Bonton to\\nraise until her marriage. In the fall of 1876 they took Miss Mary B.\\nDavis, then about six years of age, and she is living here at present.\\nHis parents, William and Elizabeth (Smith) Niccum, were natives of\\nOhio, and came to this county at an early date. She died in 1854. He\\nis now living in Indiana. Her parents, James and Catharine (Croll)\\nJSTiccuin, were natives of Kentucky. He came to this county in 1824\\nLevi C. Underwood, farmer and stock-raiser, Georgetown, is a na-\\ntive of Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born near his present\\nplace, on the 21st of October, 1834, and lived at home until the fall of\\n1870, having farmed his father s farm since 1858. On the 27th of Sep-\\ntember, 1870, he married Miss Sarah Kyger. She is also a native of\\nthis county. After the marriage they moved to the wife s home,\\nwhere they have since lived. They have three children, viz Evie,\\nAnnie M. and Evert. Mr. Underwood owns two hundred and fifty-\\nfive acres in this county. His parents, John and Drusilla Morgan Un-\\nderwood, were natives of Virginia, born on the 19th of January, 1794,\\nand the 2d of April, 1801, respectively. They were married on the\\n10th of December, 1818; came to this county in 1827, and settled\\nwhere she now resides in 1828. He died on the 25th of September,\\n1858.\\nJacob Gauts, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nFayette county, Pennsylvania, and was born on the 15th of July, 1815.\\nHe lived there nineteen years, and then came afoot to Illinois. He\\nsettled in Vermilion county, near his present place, and has lived here\\nsince. In 1840 he went to Texas and remained three months. In\\n1846 he went to Iowa and was gone six months. He settled on his\\npresent place in 1858. On the 7th of July, 1842, he married Miss\\nElizabeth Jenkins. She was born in Miami county, Ohio. They have\\nthree children John J., Eli M. and William T. John J. was in the\\n125th 111. Reg. for nearly three years. Mr. Gauts has served as con-\\nstable of this township, and has held the office of justice of the peace\\nfor about eighteen years; road commissioner eight to ten years; also\\nsupervisor of township. He owns one hundred and eighty-four acres,\\nwhich he has earned by his own labor. He spent the first seven\\nyears here in teaching school. He then rented until 1849, when he\\nbought ninety acres, on which he settled. He then came to his present\\nplace. He learned the carpenter s trade in Pennsylvania. Soon after", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0639.jp2"}, "640": {"fulltext": "538 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\narriving here he was hurt by a runaway horse, thereby losing the use\\nof his arm.\\nJ. H. Hewit, Georgetown, retired, was born on his father s farm,\\none mile west of Georgetown, on the 26th of May, 1834, and lived\\nthere until 1861, farming the place since he became of age. He then\\nmoved to a farm of his own, about five miles northwest of Georgetown.\\nIn September, 1862, he enlisted in the 125th 111. Reg., and was in ser-\\nvice until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Perryville,\\nChickamauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta campaign, and all the battles of\\nthe regiment. At Jonesboro he was struck with part of a shell, but it\\noccasioned but slight injury. On his return from the army, he lived\\non his farm until 1867. He then moved to Georgetown and has lived\\nhere since. On the 16th of May, 1861, lie married Mrs. Aboline Green.\\nShe was born in Preble county, Ohio. His parents, Eli and Mary A.\\n(Prather) Hewit, were natives of Ohio and Kentucky. He settled near\\nDanville in 1828, and died on the 17th of October, 1874. She died on\\nthe 1st of October, 1874.\\nJames Gibson, Danville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 5th of December, 1835, and lived there\\nsix years, when, with his parents, he moved to Clermont county, Ohio,\\nwhere he lived until 1857. He then came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and worked with Larken A. Cook until 1862. On the 12th of\\nJune of this year he married Miss Elizabeth Ogden. She was born in\\nthis county. They have had five children, three of whom are living:\\nFranklin, Mary A. and Kate A. Mr. Gibson owns sixty-nine acres of\\nland in this county. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the 125th 111.\\nReg., Co. K, and was in service until the close of the war. He was\\nfor the greater part of the time teamster. After the fall of Atlanta he\\nand others were captured, and were confined in Andersonville and\\nMilieu prisons.\\nJ. H. Lockett, Georgetown, miller, the subject of this sketch, was\\nborn in Wythe county, Virginia, on the 2d of December, 1819. He\\nlived in Virginia about fifteen years, when, with his parents, he moved\\nto Knox county, Indiana, and engaged in farming, living there one\\nyear, when they came to Illinois and settled in Georgetown township,\\nwhere he lived with his parents twenty-two years. He then moved to\\nPerrysville, Indiana, and engaged in farming for ten years. He then\\ncame to this county and settled on a farm two miles north of George-\\ntown, where he lived until 1857. He then engaged in the stock busi-\\nness. In 1861 he bought an interest in the present mill, and followed\\nthe milling business about five years, the firm being J. H. Lockett\\nCo. He then sold his interest and engaged in the general merchandise", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0640.jp2"}, "641": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 539\\nbusiness in Georgetown for eight years, when he sold out and again\\nengaged in the present mill. On the 22d of December, 1843, he mar-\\nried Miss Elizabeth Smith. She was born in Virginia, and died on the\\n3d of June, 1857. They had three children, two living: David and\\nMattie. On the 20th of December, 1860, he married Miss Ella Wals-\\nton. She was born in this county. They have three children: Frank,\\nGrace and Jessie. In early days Mr. Lockett has hauled wheat to\\nChicago by team, making his first trip in 1837, and has delivered wheat\\nin Chicago at sixty cents per bushel.\\nI William R. Richards, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a\\nnative of Frederick count} 7 Virginia. He was born on the 16th of\\nApril, 1809. At the age of six years, with his parents, he moved to\\nWashington county, Tennessee, where he lived twenty years. They\\nthen came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled in Georgetown.\\nWhile there they entered land in this township. Mr. Wm. R. entered\\nhis present place and began improving the same. On the 8th of\\nOctober, 1844, he married Miss Cynthia Parks. She was born in\\nMonroe county, Indiana, and died on the 10th of August, 1846. After\\nthe death of his wife he sold out his stock and rented his farm. He\\nworked at milling and other trades until 1850, when he married Miss\\nMary Jenkins, of Ohio. They moved to the farm and have lived there\\nsince. They have six children Julette, Martha, Mary, Lillie, Lydia\\nand John. In 1835 Mr. Richards walked to Chicago and worked in a\\nwarehouse. He has hauled produce there by team a number of times.\\nHe owns two hundred and twenty-two acres of land in this county.\\nHis parents, Henry and Hannah (Reiley) Richards, were natives of\\nVirginia, where they were married. They came here as stated. He\\ndied in October, 1837, and she in January, 1838.\\nCapt. G. W. Holloway, Georgetown, general merchandise, was born\\nin what was then known as Berkeley county, Virginia, on the 22d of\\nFebruary, 1823, where he lived until he was twelve years of age. He\\nthen, with his parents, came west to Illinois, and settled near George-\\ntown. Here he improved a farm and remained until the spring of\\n1853. He then came to the village of Georgetown and formed a part-\\nnership in general merchandise business with Henderson, Dicken\\nCo., which soon after changed to Henderson Holloway, which firm\\ncontinued until the spring of 1874, since which time Mr. Holloway has\\nconducted the business. On the 6th of August, 1862, he enlisted in\\nthe 125th 111. Reg., he being captain of Co. D. He remained in the\\nservice until close of war, taking part in the battles of the regiment.\\nOn the 17th of January, 1855, he married Miss Sophia Lyons, a native\\nof Massachusetts.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0641.jp2"}, "642": {"fulltext": "540 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam Sheets, deceased, whose portrait appears in this work, was\\nborn in Washington county, Ohio, on the 7th of October, 1806, and\\nlived there until the spring of 1833, when he came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and engaged in farming. In 1835 he moved to Danville\\ntownship, where he and his brother-in-law built a mill, now known as\\nKyger s mill, and carried on the same for nine years. He then sold\\nhis interest in the mill and bought the present place and moved on the\\nsame. He lived here for seven years, when he bought an interest in\\nthe mill and again moved to the same, and lived there two years, when\\nhe sold his interest and returned to the place which was his home at\\nhis death. During his two years residence at the mill, he, Thomas S.\\nMorgan, and Henry and Daniel Kyger, built the steam mill at George-\\ntown he sold his interest before the mill was run. He married Miss\\nElizabeth Kyger on the 3d of September, 1829. She was born in\\nMonroe county, Ohio. They had six children, two of whom are now\\nliving: Angeline, born on the 29th of July, 1832, and Matthias, born\\non the 21th of November, 1843. His son, John McH., enlisted in\\nthe 73d Reg. 111. Vol., and died in the hospital on the 26th of De-\\ncember, 1862. Mr. Sheets owned, at his death, two hundred and\\nninety-five acres of land in this county. He was justice of the peace\\ntwo terms, supervisor three, and had also held the school and road offices.\\nHe had been a member of the M. E. Church thirty-six years, class-leader\\nthirty-four years, steward 33 years, and also superintendent of Sunday\\nschool. Mr. Sheets departed this life on the 11th of August, 1879, at\\n8.35 a.m., after being in ill-health two years. He died of heart disease.\\nMr. Sheets was one of the early settlers of this county, and his loss is\\nmourned by a large community of sorrowing friends.\\nAndrew Clifton, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He was born on his present place on the\\n13th of November, 1836, and lived on the same until he was twelve\\nyears old; the family then moved to a farm near by, and he lived\\nthere until 1861, when he came back to the present place, having\\nbought it from his father. On the 4th of March, 1857, he married\\nMiss Nancy J. Barnhard. She was born in this county. They had\\nseven children, four of whom are living, viz: Jennie, Frank C, Lucy\\nand Cora. He is no office-seeker, his only office being connected\\nwith the school and road. He owns sixty acres in this county, located\\nfour miles east of Georgetown, which he has earned by his own labor\\nand management.\\nCaptain Hiram Yoho, Georgetown, farmer and stock raiser, is a\\nnative of Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born on the 24th of De-\\ncember, 1836, and has always made his home in the county. He lived", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0642.jp2"}, "643": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 541\\nwith his parents until 1861. He then enlisted in the 12th 111. Inf., and\\nwas in service three months; he then enlisted in the 35th 111. as pri-\\nvate in Co. E, and was in service until the close of the war. He was\\nmade second sergeant, and in a few months chosen first lieutenant, and\\nserved as such about one year. He was then made captain of Co. E,\\nand was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Nashville and Corinth. He served\\nmostly on detached duty, transporting prisoners, assisting in drafts in\\nNew York and Michigan, etc. etc. On the 15th of May, 1865, he mar-\\nried Miss Nancy A. Hitter. She was born on the present place. They\\nhad five children, four living, viz Marquis R., Ophelia, Thaddeus and\\nAllen B.\\nJames T. White, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, on the 8th of December, 1829, and at the\\nage of two his parents moved to Indiana, near State Line, and lived\\nthere live years. They then settled near Georgetown, Illinois, and he\\nhas lived in that neighborhood since. In 1852 he began farming on\\nhis own account, and in December, 1853, he married Miss Susannah\\nHenderson. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois. They had\\nten children, six of whom are living, viz: Allen A., Nathaniel H.,\\nCharles, Moranda, Alonzo and James. Mr. White owns two hundred\\nand fifteen acres of land in this county. His parents, Solomon and\\nNancy Prather White, were natives of Kentucky. They came to this\\ncounty as stated, and here both have died.\\nA. M. C. Hawes, Georgetown, physician, the subject of this sketch,\\nwas born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 9th of February, 1813, where\\nhe lived until he was fourteen years of age. He then went to Wil-\\nmington, and apprenticed to the printing trade in the Argus office.\\nWhen the latter was moved to Lafayette, and appeared as the Lafay-\\nette Free Press and Tippecanoe Journal, he accompanied it, and was\\nconnected with the same until 1835, working at his trade and acting as\\nassistant editor. In the winter of 1830-31 he went to Indianapolis,\\nand set type for the 1st Blackford Reports of Indiana. In 1833 he\\nbegan to read medicine with Dr. O. L. Clark. In 1835 he went to\\nOhio, and on the 15th of March, 1836, he came to Georgetown, and\\nhas practiced here since. With the exception of one, he has practiced\\nlonger in this county than any other physician. On the 15th of May,\\n1837, he married Miss Wilmoth Walters. She is a native of Barren\\ncounty, Kentucky. They had twelve children, ten of whom are living:\\nMarquis De La Fayette, Albert S. W., Cassius M. C, Marshal H., Will-\\niam B., Victor L., Amanda M., Alice M., Lorie O. and Kate.\\nWilliam J. Terrell, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native\\nof Clinton county, Ohio. Pie was born on his father s farm, on the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0643.jp2"}, "644": {"fulltext": "542 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n29th of November, 1813, where he lived twenty-three years. At the\\nage of twenty -one, he began work at the carpenter and joiner s trade,\\nand in 1836 came west on horse-back, and settled in Georgetown, Illi-\\nnois, working at carpentering for twenty years. He then farmed some\\nland he had previously bought, locating on his present place. He\\nowns two hundred and ten acres in this county, considerable of\\nwhich adjoins this village, and he has earned the same by his own la-\\nbor and management. On the 20th of December, 1838, he was mar-\\nried to Miss Artimecia Douglas. She was born in Mason county,\\nKentucky, on the 10th of Jul}% 1819. They had ten children, five of\\nwhom are now living: Luvica M., Cornelia B., Horace G., Florence\\nJ. and Olive.\\nJohn P. Cook, Westville, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He was born on his present place on the\\n14th of April, 1837, and has lived here since. He is no office-seeker,\\nhis only offices being connected with the school and road. On the 4th\\nof June, 1859, he was married to Miss Minerva J. Downs. She was\\nborn in Indiana. They have four children, Harvey J., Sarah A.,\\nWilliam and James F. Mr. Cook owns two hundred and twenty\\nacres in this county, located eight miles south of Danville, which he\\nhas earned principally by his own labor and management. His pa-\\nrents, James and Susannah Mover Cook, were born on the 23d of June,\\n1797, and 2d of December, 1803, respectively, and were married in\\nClermont county, Ohio, on the 6th of October, 1822. They came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, in a wagon, in the fall of 1834, and settled\\non their present place. They had eleven children, six of whom are\\nnow living: Larken, Samuel, Elizabeth, George W., John P. and\\nJames M. Mr. Cook died on the 19th of October, 1872; Mrs. Cook\\nis living on the old homestead with her son.\\nJohn E. Cooper, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nBerkeley county, Virginia, on the 9th of December, 1821, and lived\\nthere four r ears, when, with his parents, he moved to Greene county,\\nOhio, where he lived until he was seventeen, then moved to Illinois\\nand settled about three miles north of Georgetown, and lived there\\nwith his parents four years. He then farmed for himself until 1863,\\nwhen he came to his present place. In 1843 or 1844 he brought to\\nthis township a plow that would scour. It was probably the first of\\nthe kind, and proved an interesting and valuable curiosity, people\\ncoming for miles to see it. On the 10th of August, 1845, he was mar-\\nried to Miss Lucinda B. Cook. She was born in Indiana. They have\\nhad eleven children, nine of whom are living George B., Jennie,\\nJohn W., Sallie L., Anna, Charles, Lizzie R., Katie and Quinn L. He", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0644.jp2"}, "645": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 543\\nowns about five hundred acres in this county, which lie has earned by\\nhis own labor and management, having started with $2.60. He has\\nteamed to Chicago, making his first trip with apples about 1844.\\nAbraham Campbell, Georgetown, blacksmith and farmer, was born\\non the present farm on the 29th of January, 1838, and has always\\nlived on the same. In the fall of 1856 he married Miss Elizabeth\\nHen thorn. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois. They have\\nseven children Elander, Alexander, jr., Alice, Jane, Eliza B., Alfred,\\nand Lucy C. He learned his trade with his father. In 1856 he began\\nworking on his own account. His father, Alexander Campbell, was\\nborn in North Carolina on the 25th of December, 1795, and lived\\nthere until he was twenty-one, when, with his parents, he moved to\\nTennessee, and, in 1833, came to Illinois, and settled on his present\\nplace. On the 25th of December, 1819, he married Miss Elander\\nBrown. She was born in Tennessee, and died here in 1852. They had\\nthirteen children, six of whom are now living. He has made many trips\\nto Chicago by team. He owns two hundred acres of land in this county.\\nGeorge Sprouls, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born on\\nhis present place on the 2d of June, 1838, where he lived until 1861.\\nHe then enlisted in the 35th 111. Reg., and remained in the service\\nthree years and four months, and took part in all the battles of the\\nregiment except one or two. After his service he returned home, and\\nhas lived here since, farming the old homestead in company with his\\nbrother. On the 22d of February, 1866, he married Miss Hannah J.\\nDavis. She was born in this county. They have eight children\\nAlbert, William, John, Norman, Fannie, Frank, Rosey and Norah.\\nN. E. Hubbard, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nSheffield, Massachusetts, on the 20th of November, 1814, where he\\nlived one year. Then, with his parents, he moved to Toledo, Ohio,\\nand lived there five years. Then, in 1820, he went to Vermilion\\ncounty, Indiana, and settled below where Eugene now stands. Pie\\nlived there until 1833, when he went to Terre Haute and apprenticed\\nto the tanning trade, remaining four years. He then returned home,\\nand lived there until 1840, when he settled in Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, and took charge of a saw-mill and some land belonging to William\\nCurtis, and managed this for five years. He then bought a farm, and\\nfarmed until 1867, when he came to his present place. On the 20th\\nof August, 1845, he married Miss Catharine Ogdon she was born in\\nFayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 22d of March, 1822. She settled\\nnear the present place with her parents in 1825. They have had six\\nchildren, five of whom are living: Carydon, Cynthia Ann, Azro, Jacob\\nK. and Camelia A.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0645.jp2"}, "646": {"fulltext": "544 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHiram Dye, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nFleming county, Kentucky, on his father s farm, on the 4th of April,\\n1825, and lived there until 1841, when, with his parents, he came to\\nIllinois, and settled in Vermilion county. In 1853 he came to his\\npresent place. On the 22d of March, 1855, he married Miss Sarah H.\\nLeuman she was born in Vermilion county, Illinois. They have three\\nchildren: Wilson, Mary C. and Martha J. He owns five hundred and\\ntwenty acres in this county, which he has earned by his own labor and\\nmanagement. After he became of age he worked eight years for one\\nhundred dollars a year. He has hauled many loads of apples to Chicago\\nby ox team he made his first trip about 1844. His parents, Lawrence\\nand Mary Ann (Van Trease) Dye, were natives of Kentucky. They\\nmarried there, and came here as stated. He is living in Elwood town-\\nship, this county, but she died about 1867.\\nJames M. Cook, Westville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born on his\\npresent place on the 1st of March, 1841. In 1861 he began business\\non his own account, farming a portion of his father s farm. On the 9th\\nof March, 1862, he married Miss Judith McCabe. She was born in\\nIndiana, and died on the 22d of May, 1876. They had four children\\nMinnie, Susie, Mattie and Daisy. In August, 1862, Mr. Cook enlisted\\nin the 125th 111. Reg., Co. K, of which his brother, George W., was\\ncaptain. He was in service until the close of the war. He was ap-\\npointed corporal, then promoted to third sergeant, and afterward to\\norderly. He was in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Atlanta,\\nNashville, Jonesboro, and most of the battles of the regiment. On the\\n19th of January, 1877, he married Miss Eliza Gerrard. She was born\\nin this county. He owns two hundred and thirty-nine acres, located\\ntwo and one-half miles east of Westville.\\nWin. Frazier, Georgetown, dry-goods and general store, is a native\\nof Elwood township, Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born on the\\n4th of December, 1842, and lived there three years. The family then\\nmoved to Ash more Grove, and lived there one year, when they all\\nmoved to a farm near Georgetown, and there lived until 1857. They\\nthen moved to the village of Georgetown, where Mr. Frazier lived\\nuntil the fall of 1862, when he enlisted in the 125th 111. Inf., and was\\nin the service until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Per-\\nryville, Chickamauga, Atlanta campaign and in the march to the sea.\\nHe was also engaged in the other battles of the regiment. After the\\nwar he returned to Georgetown and farmed for two years. He then\\nbecame connected with the firm of Frazier Moore, but after two\\nyears the firm became A. Frazier Son, and five years later, A. Fra-\\nzier Sons. On the 11th of October, 1870, he married Miss Jane F.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0646.jp2"}, "647": {"fulltext": "l^i#^li\\n?4^z /f^-C-- 6", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0647.jp2"}, "648": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0648.jp2"}, "649": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 545\\nAlexander. She was born at Eugene, Indiana. They had three chil-\\ndren, one living, Johnnie. Mr. Frazier s parents, Abner and Mary\\n(Milliean) Frazier, were natives of Tennessee and Indiana. He came\\nto Vermilion county in 1830, and has been prominently identified in\\nthe general merchandise business at this point. Mrs. Frazier died on\\nthe 22d of August, 1868. Mr. Frazier is living here on the old home-\\nstead, which adjoins the village.\\nBluford J. Smith, jr., Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a na-\\ntive of Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born on his present place,\\non the 26th of September, 1813. He lived with his parents until he was\\ntwenty-four years old, when he went to Missouri and engaged in farm-\\ning, living there seven years. He then returned to his present place,\\nretaining his farm of one hundred and eighty acres in Jackson county,\\nMissouri. He married Miss Diana Sigler on the 8th of October, 1867.\\nShe was born in this county. They have one child, Elmer M. Mr.\\nSmith and his brothers, James B. and Thomas J., own and farm the\\nold homestead here, which consists of two hundred acres, located four\\nmiles east of Georgetown. His father, B. J. Smith, now deceased, was\\nborn in Tennessee, on the 6th of July, 1806, and moved from there to\\nKentucky; thence to Indiana, and to Illinois, entering the present\\nplace. He worked on his farm, clearing and improving, during the\\nwinters, and in summers he worked in the lead mines at Galena. He\\nmarried Miss Rachel Pribble. She was born in Ohio. He was in\\nthe Black Hawk war, under Captain Sherman. They had eight chil-\\ndren America, Sarah, Debra, Bluford J., Jackson, Richard, James B.\\nand Thomas J. Mr. Smith died on the 16th of December, 1877,\\nand Mrs. Smith died on the 15th of August, 1870.\\nS. J. Cook, Georgetown, proprietor Cook House, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He was born on the 24th of August, 1843,\\nand has always made his home in this count} 7 with his parents, and\\nassisted in their business. In June, 1861, he enlisted in the 25th 111.\\nReg. Inf., and served three years and three months. He was in the\\nbattles of Pea Ridge, Missouri; Stone River, Perry ville, Atlanta\\ncampaign, etc. On his return from the army he engaged with his\\nfather in the harness business. On the 15th of October, 1873, he mar-\\nried Miss Olive Ashby. She was born in Clark county, Illinois. His\\nparents, Enos and Malinda (Harris) Cook, were natives of Union\\ncounty, Indiana, and Hamilton county, Ohio, where they were born in\\n1817 and 1820, respectively. They were married in Louisville, Henry\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 3d of July, 1839, and came to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, in 1840, where he carried on farming. He also en-\\ngaged in the harness business, locating in the country and also in\\n35", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0649.jp2"}, "650": {"fulltext": "546 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nGeorgetown, and did an extensive trade in that line. On the 2d of\\nApril, 1808, he sold out his business and engaged in the hotel busi-\\nness, known as the Cook House, and continued in the same until\\nhis death, on the 11th of September, 1877. He had a family of three\\nchildren, two of whom are living: Benjamin F. and Sylvester J.\\nThe latter has conducted the business since the death of his father.\\nMrs. Cook is living here with her son.\\nMatthias Sheets, Georgetown, farmer, was born at Kyger s mill,\\nYermilion county, Illinois, on the 24th of November, 1843, and lived\\nthere about ten years, when, with his parents, he moved to his present\\nplace, and has lived here since. On the 20th of December, 1866, he\\nmarried Miss Melvina J. Buchanan. She was born in Yermilion\\ncounty, Indiana. They have four children Hortense E., Frederick\\nB., Mahala G. and Jessie M. In 1869 Mr. Sheets moved to his\\npresent residence, and engaged in farming on his own account, farm-\\ning part of his father s farm.\\nDr. Geo. T. Richardson, Georgetown, farmer, was born in New\\nHampshire on the 27th of January, 1827, and lived there until 1831.\\nHe then went to Eugene, Indiana, and in 1841 attended Ashbury Uni-\\nversity at Green Castle, and read medicine under Dr. Allen for two\\nyears and a half. He then graduated from the Syracuse, New York,\\nMedical College, and came to this neighborhood and practiced medi-\\ncine. He then went to Catlin where he practiced seven ears. He\\nsubsequently engaged in the drug business at Williamsport, Indiana,\\nwhere he lived for eight years, and then moved to his present place.\\nIn 1847 he married Miss Moranda A. Town. She was born in Massa-\\nchusetts and died here in 1857. They had four children, one of whom\\nis living: Emma F. December, 1858, he married Miss Harriet F.\\nHall. She was born in Ohio and died in Indiana in 1870. They had\\nthree children, two of whom are living: Charles E. and Frank C. On\\nthe 25th of December, 1872, he married Miss Isabella Henthorn. She\\nwas born in this county. They had four children, three living: Will-\\niam, Maud and Harriet. Mr. Richardson has been justice of the\\npeace twice in this county, and twice in Warren county, Indiana. He\\nowns fifty acres in this county, three miles east of Georgetown.\\nJ. W. Lockett, Westville, general merchandise, was born in George-\\ntown township, Yermilion county, Illinois, on the 23d of June, 1844,\\non a farm, and lived there until 1862, when he enlisted in the 125th\\n111. Inf. Reg., Co. D., and remained in service until the close of the\\nwar. He was in the battles of Perryville, Peach Tree Creek, Kene-\\nsaw Mountain and in the Atlanta campaign. On his return from the\\narmy he engaged in the Henderson mill, at Danville, where he re-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0650.jp2"}, "651": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 547\\nmained three years. He then engaged in the bakery business. In\\n1870 he sold out and engaged in farming for two years. He then en-\\ngaged as superintendent of the Shield s distillery, and in 1877 engaged\\nin his present business in its present location. On the 12th of Octo-\\nber, 1877, he was appointed postmaster. On the 5th of January,\\n1870, he was married to Miss Hannah Trimble. She was born in\\nCovington, Indiana. They have two children Nellie H. and Oliver D.\\nPleasant West, Georgetown, hardware, is a native of Georgetown.\\nHe was born on the 10th of March, 1844, and lived there until June, 1861,\\nwhen he enlisted in Co. A, 25th 111. Reg., and was in the service three\\nyears and three months. He was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth,\\nPerryville, Stone River and Chickamauga, where he was wounded,\\nbecause of which he was confined in the hospital about eight months.\\nHe then went to Springfield, where he was discharged, after which he\\nreturned to Georgetown, and in the winter following went to Danville\\nand attended school until 1866. He then returned to Georgetown,\\nand on the 8th of November, of the same year, he was married to\\nMiss Helen A. Yapp. She was born in Cuba, New York. They\\nhave two children: Deralle and Roy O. After his marriage, Mr.\\nWest engaged in farming, and continued until 1868, when he engaged\\nin his present business.\\nGould Bouton, Perrysville, farmer and stock raiser, was born in\\nChenango county, New York, on the 19th of December, 1817, and\\nlived there twenty years. He then went to Pennsylvania, and lived\\nthere one year, thence to Warren county, Ohio, via New York, and then\\nto Eugene, Indiana. He went to New Orleans by flat-boat, then to\\nWest Tennessee from there to Eugene, and afterward went again to\\nNew Orleans, then to McHenry county, Illinois, and from thence to\\nNew York and return from there he came to his present place, ar-\\nranging to buy the same. He then went to New Orleans, returning\\nvia McHenry county, Illin is, and has lived here since. He owns one\\nhundred and ten acres, the result of his own labor and management.\\nOn the 28th of November, 1845, he was married, and is the father of\\nseven children, six of whom are living Esther E., James H., Mary E.,\\nAlice C, Emma J. and Flora B. Thomas T. enlisted in the 115th\\nInd., and was in the service six months. He died a few months after\\nhis discharge.\\nW. B. Cowan, Georgetown, grocer, was born in Georgetown,\\nIllinois, on the 21st of December, 1845, and lived there until 1856,\\nwhen, with his parents, he moved three miles in the country and car-\\nried on a saw-mill business for three years. He then attended school\\nin Georgetown. In May, 1862, he enlisted in the 73d 111. Reg., Co C,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0651.jp2"}, "652": {"fulltext": "548 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nas drummer-boy, and remained in service until the close of the war.\\nAfter the war he returned to Georgetown, and continued his schooling\\none year. He then clerked in a store in Danville, and after this\\nreturned to Georgetown, and on the 7th of November, 1867, he mar-\\nried Miss Emily Newlin. She was born in Georgetown. They had\\nfive children, four living: Jessie, Charles, Ralph and Bertha. Mr.\\nCowan has been identified in the harness and boot and shoe business\\nfor a number of years. In 1878 he engaged in his present business,\\nbuying out Mr. J. G. Red m on.\\nJohn Sprouls, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He was born on his present place on the\\n26th of February, 1845, and has always lived on the same place. The\\nold homestead consists of three hundred and twenty acres, and is owned\\nby him and his brother George. It is located four miles and a half east\\nof Georgetown. On the 26th of May, 1S71, he married Miss Sarah\\nHurst. She was born in Indiana. They have three children Margaret,\\nAmos B. and Louina A. His parents were James and Mary (Hatha-\\nway) Sprouls. They were natives of, probably, Pennsylvania and\\nVirginia. He was born on the 24th of December, 1799. They were\\nmarried in Ohio, and came to Vermilion county, Illinois, about 1830.\\nThey settled in the present place in 1837. On the 11th of March, 1845,\\nhe came to his death by an accident caused by a runaway horse. She is\\nnow about seventy-eight years of age, and is living on the old homestead.\\nW. C. Cowan, Georgetown, druggist, was born in Edinburgh, John-\\nson county, Indiana, on the 9th of November, 1829, where he lived\\nabout three years, when, with his parents, he moved to Bloomfield,\\nEdgar county, Illinois, and lived there until 1846. He was principally\\nengaged in farming and conducting a carding-machine. They then\\ncame to Georgetown and engaged in wool-carding. He lived here with\\nhis parents until the spring of 1857, during which time he finished the\\nwagon-making trade. He then went to Northwest Missouri, where he\\nhad a carding-machine and worked at carpentering. In the fall of\\n1859 he returned to Georgetown and followed the carpentering busi-\\nness until 1862, when he engaged in his present business. He was\\nconnected with the 125th 111. Reg. for about three months, as sutler.\\nHe married Miss Sarah M. Tucker, a native of Crawford county,\\nIndiana. They had six children, five living: Carrie L., Eva L., Minnie\\nB., William A. and Arthur H. His parents, P. and Lurenah Wilson\\nCowan, were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia. He died on the\\n4th of September, 1873. She is living here with her daughter.\\nWilliam V. Jones, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\non his present place, on the 25th of October, 1846, and has always lived", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0652.jp2"}, "653": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 549\\non the same place. On the 1st of February, 1877, he married Miss\\nEttie Richards. She was born in Indiana. The parents of Mr. Jones\\nwere Parrish N. and Polly (Long) Jones. They were natives of\\nNicholas county, Kentucky, and were married there on the 27th of\\nMay, 1830. They came to Vermilion county, Illinois, in the same\\nyear, and engaged in tanning. He died here on the 22d of May, 1850.\\nMrs. Jones is living with her son on the old homestead, which contains\\none hundred and seventy acres, and is located about two miles and a\\nhalf northwest of Georgetown.\\nJames B. Cook, Westville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born on his\\npresent place on the 24th of November, 1847, and has always lived on\\nthe same place. At the age of fifteen he took the management of the\\nfarm, and for the first few years paid a light rent. In 1875 he came\\ninto full possession. On the 6th of July, 1865, he married Miss Annie\\nL. Black she was born in Kentucky. They have four children John\\nE., Oliver A., Clara A. and Kate. Mr. Cook owns one hundred and\\nsix acres of land in this county. His parents, James W. and Nancy\\n(Bowen) Cook, were natives of Indiana and Kentucky they were\\nmarried on the present place, and were the parents of one child J. B.\\nMr. Allen Cook came to this county about 1845, and engaged in teach-\\ning school. He died in Fountain county, Indiana, in 1847. Mrs. Cook\\nmarried Mr. Ellis Dukes, and died in Kansas about 1877. Mrs. Cook s\\nparents, John and Susan Leseure (Black) Cook, were natives of Ken-\\ntucky, and came to this county in 1852. She died in 1868, and he lives\\nin Indiana.\\nA. J. Richardson, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nnear Boston, Massachusetts, on the 26th of June, 1805, and lived there\\nseven years. He then, with his parents, moved to New Hampshire, and\\nlived there until 1831. He then brought his parents west, to Eugene,\\nIndiana, and lived there until the spring of 1848, when he came to his\\npresent place. While in New Hampshire he learned the shoe-making\\ntrade in his father s shop, and took charge of the same in 1824, and\\nmanaged the business from that time on, there and at Eugene. On\\nthe 27th of September, 1825, he married Miss Moriah Taylor. She was\\nborn in New Hampshire. They had nine children, five of whom are\\nliving: George T., Martha A., Sarah E., Ferona A. and Francis A.\\nWhile in Indiana, he served fifteen years as justice of the peace. He\\nowns two hundred and eighty acres in this county, located three miles\\neast of Georgetown. About 1834 he made his first trip to Chicago by\\nteam from Eugene. His parents, Sceva and Esther Hickson Rich-\\nardson, were natives of Massachusetts. He died on the 11th of May,\\n1841, at Eugene, and she on the 22d of February, 1848.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0653.jp2"}, "654": {"fulltext": "550 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nR. W. Cowan, Georgetown, druggist, is a native of Warren county,\\nOhio. He was born on the 20th of March, 1821. When one year of\\nage his parents moved to Johnson county, and thence, in 1830, to Ver-\\nmilion county, Indiana. Two years later they moved to Edgar county,\\nIllinois. In 1849 he came to Georgetown, and farmed one year; he\\nthen engaged in carpentering and building. From 1857 to 1858 he\\nmanaged a carding machine in Missouri, but, returning to Georgetown,\\nhe worked at carpentering until 1862. He then enlisted in the 73d\\n111. Reg. and was in the service six months, taking part in the battle\\nof Perryville. He received his discharge owing to ill health, and\\nreturned to Georgetown, and engaged in the grocery business. He\\nhas since been identified with the drug, boot and shoe business.\\nOn the 26th of April, 1879, he engaged in his present business, the\\nfirm being, R. Wilson Cowan Co., druggists. On the 14th of\\nMarch, 1841, he married Miss Louisa W. Camerer. She was born in\\nOhio.\\nYalentine J. Buchanan, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was\\nborn in Lawrence county, Illinois, on the 3d of September, 1826, and\\nlived there fifteen years; he then went to Ohio, and from there to\\nPerrysville, Indiana, and attended school, making his home with Mr.\\nH. C. Benson, present editor of the California Christian Advocate.\\nHe lived there five years. On the 8th of July, 1848, he married Miss\\nSarah Craig; she was born in Ohio. In 1850 he came to Illinois, and\\nsettled on his present place. He owns four hundred and twenty acres\\nin this county, which is the result of his own labor and management.\\nOf his seven children, five are living: Melvina, Sarah K., George,\\nMahala and Melvina S. In 1843 he joined the Methodist church. He\\nwas licensed to exhort by H. C. Benson in 1846; ordained by Bishop\\nScott in 1863, and licensed to preach by Hiram Buck, of the Illinois\\nConference, in 1852. He now acts as local minister. His parents,\\nJohn and Mahala (daughter of Col. Spencer Buchanan) were natives\\nof Ohio. They were married in Illinois. They died in 1852 and 1834,\\nin Crawford and Lawrence counties respectively. His grandfather,\\nJohn Buchanan, was a cousin of ex-President Buchanan, deceased.\\nA. Leseure, Georgetown, grocer, was born in Nancy, France, on the\\n31st of August, 1816, where he lived until the fall of 1831, when, with\\nhis parents, he came to the United States and settled in Kentucky,\\nnear Cincinnati then went to Clark county, Indiana, and in 1847 came\\nto Illinois and settled in Shelb} T county. In 1851 he came to George-\\ntown and engaged in the dry-goods and groceiy business, the firm\\nbeing Leseure Probst. They continued in business two years, when\\nMr. Probst sold out to Mr. Leseure, who continued the business until", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0654.jp2"}, "655": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 551\\n1861, when, on the 10th of August, he enlisted in the 7th 111. Cav.,\\nand was in service until the close of the war. Hew r as second-lieutenant\\nof Co. M, and was in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Mobile, and the\\nother battles of his regiment. On the 24th of April, 1844, he married\\nMiss Sarah Brightwell, a native of Maryland. They have had six\\nchildren, four living: Desiree, Victor, Susan and Hattie.\\nWilliam Hess, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser. The birth-\\nplace of this gentleman was in Coshocton county, Ohio. He was born\\non his father s farm on the 10th of February, 1837, and lived there\\nuntil he vras fourteen years of age with his parents he then moved to\\nClay county, Indiana, and lived there one year. In 1852 they came\\nto Illinois and settled at Brooks Point, Vermilion county. He lived\\nwith his parents until the death of his mother, on the 4th of August,\\n1854, after which he worked about on the farm for four years, and\\nthen went to Champaign county and engaged in farming on his own\\naccount, and lived there three years. On the 1st of September, 1861,\\nhe married Miss Jane Clifton, who was born in this county. He left\\nChampaign county and settled on his present place of eighty-eight\\nacres in this township. His family contains three children Albert\\nJ., Emma R. and Alman.\\nAmos Bockoven, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nMorris county, New Jersey, on the 3d of February, 1810, where he\\nlived twenty-two years. He then, after spending a few months in Penn-\\nsylvania, went to Clermont county, Ohio, and lived there three years.\\nHe then moved to Vermilion county, Indiana, where he lived until 1852,\\nwhen he came to his present place and has lived here since. He owns\\none hundred and sixty acres in this township, which he has earned by\\nhis own labor and management. On the 28th of March, 1844, he\\nmarried Miss Margaret Sigler, a native of Ohio. They have no\\nchildren.\\nZ. Morris, Georgetown, grain dealer and farmer, was born in Wayne\\ncounty, North Carolina, on the 5th of December, 1824, and lived there\\nthree years, when, with his parents, he moved to Parke county, Indiana,\\nand lived there until he was of age. He then came to Illinois and\\nsettled in Georgetown. In 1849 he engaged in general merchandise\\nbusiness at Montezuma, Indiana he then returned to Georgetown\\nand engaged in general merchandise business with the firm of B. Cana-\\nday Co., and was identified with this business for twenty years; he\\nthen sold his interest and bought a stock-farm two and one-half miles\\nnortheast of Georgetown, and has owned the same since. In August,\\nof 1878, he engaged in the grain business, at this point, with the firm\\nof Richie, Thompson Co. On the 12th of November, 1850, he mar-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0655.jp2"}, "656": {"fulltext": "552 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nried Miss Mary H. Canaday. She was born in Georgetown, and died on\\nthe 15th of September, 1869. On the 23d of February, 1871, he mar-\\nried Miss Elizabeth E. Partlow. She was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois. They had four children. Two are now living: Fannie P.\\nand Wright E.\\nJohn Cage, Westville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born on a farm in\\nNorthumberland county,- Pennsylvania, on the 7th of December, 1829;\\nand in 1830 his parents moved to Athens county, Ohio, and farmed until\\nhe was twelve years old. He then went to Muskingum county from\\nthere, the next year, he went to Shelbyville, Indiana, and the next\\nyear to a farm near by, where he lived until he was twenty-one. He\\nthen worked at millwrighting and chair-making about two and one-\\nhalf years. He then came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and engaged\\nin running the Denmark Mills. On the 12th of October, 1868, he\\nmarried Miss Lncinda Keck. She was born in Shelby county, Indiana.\\nHe next engaged in farming in Georgetown township, renting the Mc-\\nCarty farm for two years. He then bought his present place. He\\nowns one hundred and eighty-four acres in this county, besides prop-\\nerty in Danville, all of which he has earned by his own labor and\\nmanagement.\\nBenjamin Haworth, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, is a na-\\ntive of Rush county, Indiana. He was born on his father s farm, on\\nthe 11th of April, 1828, and lived there eight years; then, with his\\nparents, he moved to Wayne county, Indiana, and lived there until\\nJanuary of 1853, farming and learning the brick-making trade. In\\n1853 he came to Illinois and settled in Vermilion county, renting the\\nBenjamin Canaday farm for twelve years. He then went to George-\\ntown and engaged in the stock business. He then bought a farm, and\\nfarmed some five years, when he sold out and moved to Hendricks\\ncounty, Indiana. He lived there one year, and then bought his pres-\\nent place and has lived there since. On the 25th of December, 1849,\\nhe married Miss Rebecca Ann Colton. She was born in Wayne coun-\\nty, Indiana. They had eleven children, nine of whom are living:\\nLetha Ann, Marietta, Ella, Louisa J., Allen W., Edwin, Horace T.,\\nDillon and Vida G. He owns one hundred and eighty-five acres in\\nthis county, which he has earned by his own labor and management.\\nJoseph Thompson, Georgetown, general merchandise, was born in\\nSalem, New Jersey, on the 4th of August, 1848, and lived there\\nuntil the spring of 1853. He then, with his parents, came to Illinois,\\nand settled near Georgetown, where they lived two years. His father\\nwas then appointed postmaster, and they moved to the village of\\nGeorgetown, and he has lived here since. In May, 1864, he engaged", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0656.jp2"}, "657": {"fulltext": "GEOKGETOWST TOWNSHIP. 553\\nas clerk in the general merchandise business of B. Canaday Co., and\\nclerked in the business until the 1st of January, 1871, when Mr. Can-\\naday retired, and the firm of Richie Thompson was formed and has\\ncontinued since. He has held the office of township treasurer and vil-\\nlage trustee, of which body he is now president. On the 6th of Sep-\\ntember, 1870, he married Miss Lillie O. Canaday. She is a native of\\nGeorgetown, Illinois, born on the 29th of July, 1853. They have two\\nchildren Chas. E. and John A.\\nJames Armour, Eugene, Indiana, farmer and stock-raiser, was\\nborn in County Antrim, Ireland, on the 11th of February, 1800, and\\nlived there three years, when, with his mother, he came to the United\\nStates, and settled in Pennsylvania, where his father had previously\\nmoved, and who died a few weeks after their arrival. In 1816 Mrs.\\nArmour died, and James continued his residence there until 1822. He\\nthen moved to Indiana, and helped to build the Groomback mill, and\\nhe also helped to build the first house of the present village of Eugene,\\nin 1823. In 1821 he went back to Pennsylvania. While there, on\\nthe 10th of August* 1826, he married Miss Elizabeth Deardurff, a na-\\ntive of that state. They had twelve children; six are living: George\\nJ., Van Buren, Charles, Franklin P., Francis E. and Annie M. In\\n1828 Mr. Armour moved to Eugene, Indiana, with his family, and\\nengaged in boating to New Orleans and boat-building. In 1832 he\\nengaged in the steam flour and saw mill at Eugene, and was burned\\nout in the winter of 1S34. He then established a boat-yard, and built\\nboats until 1854, when he came to his present place. While at Eu-\\ngene he served as postmaster and justice of the peace for twenty years.\\nHe owns one hundred and forty acres in this county. All his children\\nare married, and live in this neighborhood, except George J., who\\nresides in Kansas.\\nJacob Yapp, Georgetown, hardware, was born in Alleghany county,\\nNew York, on the 12th of June, 1822, and lived there until 1854. In\\nthe fall of 1840 he apprenticed to the harness trade, and after serving\\nthree years traveled a year, and then engaged in the business on his\\nown account at Cuba, New York, for two years. He then engaged as\\nforeman of a harness and trunk factory, and followed the same for seven\\nyears. He then, with J. R. Mclvee, opened a harness and trunk fac-\\ntory under the firm name of Yapp tfe McKee, and continued until May,\\n1854, when they removed the business from Cuba to Georgetown, Illi-\\nnois, taking Mr. Thomas Briggs in as partner, and forming the firm of\\nYapp Co., which continued one 3 7 ear, when Mr. Yapp bought out\\nthe business and formed a partnership w T ith James Jackson, which con-\\ntinued until the death of Mr. Jackson, after which he conducted the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0657.jp2"}, "658": {"fulltext": "554 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbusiness alone until 1861. He then engaged in the hotel business\\nwhich he had opened in 1858, and continued in this until 1865. He\\nalso conducted the hack line between Danville Paris, which included\\nthe mail route. In 1864 he was elected justice of the peace. In 1868\\nhe engaged in his present business. On the 4th of March, 1844, he\\nmarried Miss Ambrosia C. Sheldon. She was born in Cuba, New-\\nYork, and died on tne 12th of February, 1848. They had one child:\\nHelen A. On the 13th of February, 1851, he married Miss Adelia E.\\nPalmer. She was born in Warsaw, New York.\\nSolomon Haworth, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Rush county, Indiana, on the 28th of August, 1829, and lived there\\nsix years. He then moved to Wayne county, where he lived until\\n1855, wdien he came to Illinois and settled in Yermilion county, and\\nengaged in farming in Georgetown towmship. In March, 1879, he\\nmoved to the village, and farms a place on the Wabash in Indiana, near\\nEugene. On the 22d of September, 1850, he married Miss Kezia\\nMendenhall. She was born in Wayne county, Indiana. They had\\nthree children, one of whom is living: Alice. Mr. Haworth lived with\\nhis parents until he was twenty-one, when he began farming for him-\\nself, and this he has followed since. He has served as road commis-\\nsioner for five years in this township, and has also served as school\\ndirector and trustee.\\nPhillip C. Jeffers, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nGallia county, Ohio, on the 12th of April, 1833, and lived there until\\n1855, when he came to Illinois and settled in Yermilion county. On\\nthe 19th of March, 1858, he married Miss Elvira Dye. She was born\\nin Gallia county, Ohio. They have five children: Florence P., Sarah\\nE., William I., Charles G. and Arthur H. He is no office-seeker, and\\nhas held no offices except those connected with the school and road.\\nHe owns one hundred and thirty-seven acres of land in this county,\\nlocated two and a half miles northeast of Georgetown. His wife w^as\\nthe daughter of Robert and Priscilla (Sheets) Dye. They were natives\\nof Washington county, Ohio, where they were married. They came\\nto this county in the spring of 1856, and settled on their present place.\\nHe died on the 25th of April of the same year. She is living here with\\nher daughter.\\nRobert Boyd, Perrysville, Indiana, farmer and stock-raiser, was\\nborn in Alleghany county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of June, 1827,\\nand lived there five years. He then, w r ith his parents, moved to Yer-\\nmilion county, Indiana, and in 1855 came to his present place. At the\\nage of twenty-one he began farming on his own account. On the 27th\\nof February, 1854, he married Miss Margaret Hughes. She was born", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0658.jp2"}, "659": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 555\\nin Mason county, Virginia, and moved to Vermilion county, Indiana,\\nwhen young. They have four children John C, Mary E., Melvin M.\\nand James T. Mr. Boyd owns one hundred and thirty acres of land\\nin this county, which he has earned by his own labor and management.\\nHis parents, John and Sarah (Stewart) Boyd, were natives of Ireland\\nand Pennsylvania. They came here as stated, and died March, 1853,\\nand December, 1869, respectively.\\nWilliam H. Alexander, Georgetown, retired, was born in Bucks\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of July, 1807, and lived there about\\nthirty-one years, during which time he learned the wagon-maker s\\ntrade. He then moved to Eugene, Indiana, and lived there seventeen\\nyears, carrying on wagon manufacturing and blacksmithing. He then\\ncame to Vermilion county, Illinois, and engaged in farming. In 1874\\nhe came to Georgetown, and has lived here since. On the 29th of\\nJune, 1831, he married Miss Hester Henry. She was born in Bucks\\ncounty, Pennsylvania. They had nine children, seven living: Mar-\\ngarett, Harvey, William, Ann, Thomas P., Jane and Daniel. His son\\nWilliam H. Alexander, was born in Eugene, Indiana, on the 23d of\\nJune, 1S50. On the 1st of August, 1876, he began in the grocery\\nbusiness in Georgetown. The business was very small, and located\\nnear where the post-office is now. On the 29th of January, 1877, he\\nbought of W. O. Mendenhall the stock of goods formerly owned by\\nE. L. Carter, and moved his business to the northwest corner of the\\npublic square, where he enjoys his full share of the patronage of the\\nplace.\\nJ. P. Cloyd, Georgetown, physician, is a native of Washington\\ncounty, Tennessee. He was born on the farm, on the 28th of June,\\n1838, where he lived eighteen years. He then came to Illinois and\\nsettled in Vermilion county, teaching until 1862, when he began read-\\ning medicine with Dr. J. C. Cook, near Newport, and read with him\\nabout two years. He then attended a course of lectures at Rush Med-\\nical College, Chicago. After this he practiced medicine in the eastern\\npart of this county until the fall of 1868, when he again attended lec-\\ntures at the Rush Medical College. He graduated from this institution\\non the 3d of February, 1869, and moved to Georgetown on the 1st of\\nMay following. He has practiced here since. On the 28th of October,\\n1859, he married Miss Hannah Golden. She was born in this county,\\nnear Georgetown. They had six children, four living: Richard A.,\\nFrazier ~N., Belle and Darlie.\\nJohn Bennett, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born on his\\nfather s farm, in Mason county, Kentucky, on the 5th of August, 1828,\\nand lived there seventeen years. He then apprenticed to the black-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0659.jp2"}, "660": {"fulltext": "556 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsmith s trade, in Maysville, to Mr. Atherton, for three years, losing but\\nthree and a half days during that time. He then took charge of a shop\\non his father s farm. On the 24th of April, 1849, he married Miss\\nJulia A. Bayless. She was born in Mason county, Kentucky. He\\ncontinued in the shop until 1857, when he came to Illinois and settled\\non his present place. Here he carried on farming and blacksmithing.\\nIn 18T6 he opened a carriage and wagon factory at Indianola, but sold\\nthe same in 1878. He also had a saw-mill in operation on his farm\\nfrom 1876 to 1878. Of late he has confined himself to his farm, located\\na mile and a half northwest of Georgetown, which consists of four hun-\\ndred acres. He also owns land in Edgar county. He is the father of\\nfour children, three living: William, Laura Ann and Samuel.\\nW. O Neall Mendenhall, Georgetown, physician, is a native of\\nMontgomery county, Indiana. He was born on the 28th of April,\\n1834, and lived there fourteen years, when, with his parents, he moved\\nto Tippecanoe county, and lived there until 1857, when he came to\\nGeorgetown and engaged in teaching, following the same for two years\\nin Vermilion Seminary, one term at Ridge Farm and two terms at\\nGeorgetown. In 1864 he moved to Iroquois county, Illinois, and im-\\nproved a farm of wild land. In 1866 he taught in the seminary at\\nWatseka. From the time he was eighteen he read more or less medi-\\ncine, and while at Watseka he read one year under Drs. Jewett and\\nAlter. He then attended Ann Arbor, Michigan, for six months, and\\nbegan practice in Iroquois county, Illinois. In 1870 he graduated from\\nthe Rush Medical College. In 1872 he came to Georgetown, and has\\npracticed here since. He was also identified with the drug trade a part\\nof the time. On the 15th of September, 1859, he married Miss Lydia\\nJ. Haworth. She was born in this county. They have had five chil-\\ndren, three of whom are living: Edwin, William and George W.\\nJ. D. Shepler, Georgetown, farmer and miller, was born in Fayette\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 12th of December, 1828, where he lived until\\nhe was twenty-two. He then apprenticed to the milling trade in Shel-\\nbyville, Indiana. After learning his trade he followed the same at\\nvarious places in Indiana, until 1859. He then came to Illinois, and\\nsettled in Vermilion county, at Myersville, where he took charge of\\nSmith s mill. In the spring of 1860 lie came to Georgetown, and has\\nlived here since. He has had charge of the mill here since he came,\\nexcept two years. In 1864 he bought a farm south of Georgetown,\\nand has carried on the same since. The present farm contains one\\nhundred and sixty-six acres. On the 13th of September, 1859, he mar-\\nried Miss Mary E. Gaudy. She was born in Newman county, Indiana.\\nThey have three children Alonzo L., Alma M., and Frank C.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0660.jp2"}, "661": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 557\\nJames Moore, Georgetown, fanner and stock-raiser, was born in\\nScioto county, Ohio, on the 12th of March, 1819, and lived there two\\nyears. Then, with his parents, he moved to Montgomery county, In-\\ndiana, and lived there forty-two years. In the fall of 1862 he came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois. He lias always followed farming. On the\\n28th of January, 1S42, he married Miss Elizabeth Lee. She was born\\nin Kentucky. They have three children: William J., Howard, and\\nJames A. The two former are married, and live in this county; the\\nlatter lives at home, and assists in the farming; he also buys stock.\\nMr. Moore has, by his own labor, earned his present farm, which con-\\nsists of two hundred and twenty-two acres. His parents, William and\\nElizabeth Snook Moore, were natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio. They\\nwere married in Ohio, and moved to Indiana, as stated, where he died\\nabout 1870. She is living on the old homestead in Indiana.\\nMoses Meeks, Georgetown, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nWashington county, Ohio, on the 13th of August, 1820, and lived\\nthere until 1865. He lived with his parents twenty-seven years. On\\nthe 20th of April, 1817, he married Miss Susan Heekathorn. She was\\nborn in Beaver county, Pennsylvania. After the marriage he moved\\non his farm, and farmed same until he came west. In 1864 he came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, and bought his present place, having sold\\nout in Ohio previously, and settled on the same the year following.\\nHe acted as enrolling master for the fifteenth sub-district, in Washing-\\nton county, Ohio. He owns one hundred acres, which he has earned\\nby his own labor and management. They had ten children, eight\\nliving: F. J., George W., Sarah E., Samuel L., Margaret E., Sarah J.,\\nAndrew J., and Ida V. William E. and Ann E. died in this county.\\nLorenzo Bennett, Georgetown, fanner and stock-raiser, is a native\\nof Mason county, Kentucky. He was born on the 27th of December,\\n1836, and lived there nineteen years. He then came to Illinois, and\\nsettled in Vermilion county, remaining two years. After this he went\\nto Kentucky, and lived there six months, when he returned here, re-\\nmaining a few months. He again left for Kentucky, and lived there\\nuntil 1866. He then came here, and in 1868 settled on his present\\nplace. He owns one hundred acres of land in this county. On the\\n19th of May, 1863, he married Miss Mary Chandler. She was born in\\nKentucky, and died on the 5th of June. 1865. They had one child:\\nJohn W. On the 16th of November, 1865, he married Miss Mary\\nSherer. She was born in this county. They have two children: Sallie\\nJ. and Lula F.\\nKinzer Rheuby, Eugene, Indiana, fanner, was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Indiana, on the 18th of April, 1836, and lived there", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0661.jp2"}, "662": {"fulltext": "558 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nuntil 1867. He lived with his parents until he was twenty-two. On\\nthe 16th of October, 1859, he married Miss Mary C. Fultz. She was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Indiana. After his marriage he engaged in\\nfarming on his own account. In the spring of 1864 he enlisted in the\\n34th Ind., and was in the service until the close of the war. Of his\\neight children, seven are living: Elizabeth E., Sarah J., William L.,\\nRachel Ann, John K., Bell and Andrew J.; Lilly died. He owns\\none hundred and forty acres in this county, and twenty-five in Indiana,\\nwhich he has principally earned by his own exertion.\\nPleasant W. Mendenhall, Georgetown, physician, was born in Mont-\\ngomery county, Indiana, on the 21st of December, 1841, and lived\\nthere seven years, when, with his parents, he moved to Tippecanoe\\ncounty, where they lived about seven years. They then moved to\\nKansas (now Miami) county, and lived there four years. This was\\nduring the squatters sovereignty period. They then came to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and engaged in fanning. They lived here until 1864,\\nteaching part of the time thence to Iroquois county. In the spring\\nof 1868 he began reading medicine with his brother, Dr. Win. O Neall\\nMendenhall, and during the winter of 1869-70 he attended the Rush\\nMedical College, of Chicago, and returned to Iroquois county and began\\npractice at Crescent City. In the spring of 1872 he again attended the\\nRush Medical College, and graduated from the same in 1873, and re-\\nnewed his practice at Crescent City. On the 31st of May, 1874, he\\nmarried Miss Annie L. Plowman. She was born in Maryland. They\\nhave one child, Lillie, born on the 1st of January, 1875. Mr. Men-\\ndenhall began practice in Georgetown. His parents, David and Mary\\nAnn (Perkins) Mendenhall, were natives of North Carolina and Ohio.\\nThey were married in Ohio, on the 31st of October, 1837. They came\\nhere as stated, and are now living in Georgetown.\\nJames 1ST. Mitchell, Gessie, Indiana, farmer and stock-raiser, was\\nborn in Montgomery county, Indiana, on the 7th of April, 1830, where\\nhe lived until he was nineteen. He then moved to Parke county, Indi-\\nana thence to Peoria county, Illinois, in 1851. In 1858 he returned\\nto Montgomery county, and lived there until 1861 thence to Parke\\ncounty, and in 1866 he moved to Vermilion county, Indiana, and in\\n1873 came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled on his present\\nplace. He has held no office except those connected with the schools\\nand roads. He owns one hundred and seventy acres of land in this\\ncounty, which he has earned by his own labor and management. On\\nthe 14th of January, 1850, he married Miss Sarah E. Harlan. She was\\nborn in Parke county, Indiana, and died in the spring of 1865. They\\nhad seven children, four living: Bathsheba R., George H., John F.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0662.jp2"}, "663": {"fulltext": "GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP. 559\\nand James D. On the 28th of September, 1869, he married Mrs.\\nMary Falls, formerly Miss Ritchie. She was born in Parke county,\\nIndiana. They have four children Sarah E., Martha J., Cassius L.\\nand Josephine PI.\\nJumps Bros., Danville, care Boone s box, general merchandise. B.\\nF. Jumps was born in this township, and has always lived in this\\ncounty, with the exception of one year in Champaign. In 1876 he\\nengaged in the general merchandise business in Westville, buying out\\nJ. Dukes, and forming a partnership with W. J. Boone. They then\\ncarried on the business there six months, when Mr. Perry Jumps\\nbought out Mr. Boone s interests, and the business was moved to the\\npresent location, known as Hawbuck, or Boonesville. Mr. Perry\\nJumps married Miss Nora Williams, on the 22d of May, 1879. She\\nwas born in this county. These gentlemen have a full line of goods,\\nand are prepared to attend to any wants in their line. They also\\naccommodate the surrounding public by delivering their mail to store\\ntwice a week. Their parents, Jacob and Annie (Davis) Jumps, were\\nnatives of Ohio and Indiana. They were married in this county, of\\nwhich place they were early settlers. Mrs. Jumps settled here in\\n1824.\\nWin. F. Henderson, Georgetown, cashier Citizens Bank, was born\\nin Vermilion county, Indiana, on the 21st of March, 1847, where he\\nlived until he was twenty-three years of age, during which time he was\\nengaged on the farm, and served as county surveyor four years. He\\nthen moved to Edgar county, Illinois, and engaged in the farming and\\nnursery business, in company with his brother. The nursery was\\nknown as the Prairie View Nursery. In June of 1876 his brother\\ndied, and the following year he closed out the business, and in Novem-\\nber, 1877, came to Georgetown. In July, 1878, he engaged in the\\nbanking business with the firm of E. Henderson Co., and has held\\nthe position of cashier since. On the 9th of September, 1867, he mar-\\nried Miss Elizabeth Newman. She was born in Hendricks county,\\nIndiana, They have had four children, two of whom are living: Alice\\nB. and Lenora.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0663.jp2"}, "664": {"fulltext": "560 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nELWOOD TOWNSHIP.\\nElwood township occupies the territory in the southeastern corner\\nof the county, having Georgetown for its northern, Indiana for its\\neastern, Edgar county for its southern, and Carroll township for its\\nwestern boundaries. It comprises all of town 17, range 11 west, of\\nthe 2d principal meridian, a fraction of range 10, and two tiers of sec-\\ntions off the east side of range 12, making a trifle less than a township\\nand a half. The high ridge which runs along the southern boundary\\nof the county extends partially along the southern boundary of this\\ntownship also, until it is lost in the valley of the Vermilion River.\\nThe Little Vermilion runs across its northwest corner for two miles,\\nand then runs into Georgetown for about a mile, when it turns south-\\nerly again, and runs across the northeast corner. Originally, nearly\\none third of it was covered with timber, the timber land being along\\nits northern and eastern boundary. It has, as if stuck to it, a small\\nfraction of the triangular piece of land known as Harrison s Purchase.\\nIt is very difficult to describe this singular appendage, or southern\\nextension. It would seem as though it really belonged to Edgar\\ncounty, and had been driven up into Elwood like a wedge which was\\nso blunt that it could not all be forced in with the amount of power\\napplied. This portion of Harrison s Purchase includes nearly two\\nsections of land. The land of Elwood township, which was covered\\nwith timber, is like all other which is thus covered in its nature, and\\nthe prairie very similar to other prairie lands, deep and rich, and\\nsufficiently rolling to make it easy to cultivate and drain. Indeed, the\\nfarmers of Elwood are very fortunate in the general quality of their\\nlands, and few are found who can reasonably complain. All along its\\nnorthern and eastern border the early settlers found the necessary con-\\nditions for their pioneer homes, and soon spread over all that portion\\nbut it was twenty-five years before the splendid farms along the ridge\\ncame into cultivation. To the resident of the present day, that which\\nhas been so often repeated in these pages as to have become common-\\nplace, that people did not believe these prairies would ever be settled\\nup, must ever be incomprehensible; but the truth of it cannot be\\ndoubted in the face of so many witnesses. Abraham Smith was\\nthought to be wild when he determined to go out to the Ridge farm\\nto live, and the wisdom of such a decision was so generally condemned\\nthat he himself doubted his judgment.\\nEARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nThe points of earty settlement were, Vermilion Grove, Elwood,\\nYankee Point and Bethel, or Quaker Point. Pilot Grove was later.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0664.jp2"}, "665": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 561\\nand Ridge Farm still later. These points, or settlements, embrace the\\nentire circuit of the township, except perhaps the two places or settle-\\nments known as Johnson s neighborhood, in the extreme northwestern\\ncorner, and that around Liberty Church, in the northeastern. The\\nnames given to these different points of early settlement were, in the\\nabsence of any villages, a matter of convenience or necessity. Some\\nof them took their^names from the first settler; others from the little\\nlog churches or meeting-houses, and they from some association con-\\nnected with them. Vermilion was natural, and later came to be called\\nVermilion Grove, from the fact that a station farther south on the rail-\\nroad was named Vermilion before a station and post-office was estab-\\nlished here. Elwood derived its name from Thomas Elwood, an honored\\nname in the Society of Friends and a distinguished writer in England,\\nwhose worthy life was commemorated by admiring friends in the nam-\\ning of their little log meeting-house. Yankee Point derived its name\\nfrom Mr. Squires, who was the only eastern man in this neck of\\ntimber, and who came here very early. Bethel and Liberty are from\\nfavorite names of the churches there. Pilot Grove, if unrecorded\\nrumor and unwritten history is to be credited, is from its high ground,\\nwhen compared with the surrounding timber, and acted unconsciously\\nin directing the party here who came to make the survey of Harrison s\\nPurchase, the two lines of which run through it. At another place in\\nthis sketch the writer has given the story of Pilot Grove as understood\\nand related by those living here, without claiming exact historical\\naccuracy, and which may be, as the colored preacher said about another\\nstory which had gained credence, all a false mistake. Ridge Farm\\nwas the name given by Mr. Smith to his farm when he commenced to\\nbring it into cultivation in 1849, from its natural position, and was the\\nname of the locality long before a village was thought of there.\\nJohn Haworth is believed to have been the first permanent settler,\\nalthough Henry Can aday came about the same time. There were others\\nin here before either of them. John Malsby built a cabin near where\\nVermilion now is, in 1820, but did not remain here, going back to\\nRichmond, Indiana. Mr. Haworth left Tennessee with his young\\nfamily in 1818, to get away from the institutions which he did not\\nadmire. Fie went first to Union county, Indiana, and came here in\\n1821, and wintered in the cabin Malsby had built. He bought the\\nclaim of George Bocke, a son-in-law of Achilles Morgan, who, with\\nhis family, seems to have made his first settlement here before going\\nto Brooks Point, although one account credits him with living a\\nseason at Butler s Point. John Haworth was a cousin of James, who\\nsettled soon after at Georgetown. He did not bring stock with him,\\n36", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0665.jp2"}, "666": {"fulltext": "562 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbut soon made an effort to utilize his new possessions by raising farm\\nstock. Among his early neighbors were Johnson and Starr, off a\\nfew miles northwest Squires and Thomas Curtis, of Yankee Point,\\nthree miles east John Mills, Dickson, and Simon Cox to the west,\\nand Henry Canaday nearer by.\\nDaniel W. Beckwith came to Mr. Haworth s residence during the\\ntime of high water in the spring of 1822, and remained all night. The\\nrain had fallen in torrents during the night, and when he undertook\\nto resume his journey in the morning he got into the stream, falling\\nin all over. He was dressed in buckskin pants, or breeches; a round-\\nabout, and wolf-skin cap. He was not to be deterred from going on\\nhis journey by one ducking, however, and went on as if nothing\\nhad happened.\\nMr. Haworth entered several hundred acres of land, but did not hold\\nit to speculate on. Whenever a newcomer arrived whom he thought\\nwas a desirable neighbor, he sold land to him cheap, and on time if\\nrequired. He exercised the same christian forbearance in his dealings\\nwith men as in his daily walk. George Haworth, an uncle of John, a\\nstrong-minded and robust man, soon joined the neighborhood, and with\\nthe Canadays established the first meeting, and soon built a house for\\nthat purpose. John had a family of eight children, of whom Mr.\\nElvin Haworth, now living on the place, is probably the best known,\\ncoming here at a time when, by his age, he was peculiarly susceptible\\nof the impressions which circumstances would make. He grew up\\nunder such influences as his father was able to throw around him, fully\\nappreciating the good effects of the institutions of religion and of learn-\\ning, which, meagre as they were, were far superior to any in other por-\\ntions of the county at that time. He attended the first school taught\\nin the county, and assisted by his counsel, though young in years, by\\na maturity of judgment beyond his age, to establish the first seminary\\nof learning in this part of the state. With that clear perception of\\nduty which no cloud shades, and sound judgment which no circum-\\nstance wavers, he is accorded justly a high position in council and a\\nstrong place in the esteem of his townsmen. For a long time he rep-\\nresented the township in the board of supervisors and he was the\\nearly friend of the Vermilion Academy, which, under his fostering care,\\nis making steady progress in the work of higher education.\\nHenry Canaday came from Tennessee to the Wabash in 1821 his\\nboys, Benjamin, Frederick, William and John coming here in the\\nwinter and making a cabin three hundred yards west of where William\\nhas so long resided. They brought a few hogs with them, but when\\nspring came they sickened of the enterprise, and Benjamin went back", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0666.jp2"}, "667": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 563\\nto Tennessee and bought a farm there, and all moved back. In the\\nfall they regretted the move and came back here to live. Satisfied\\nwith their roving, they settled down to business and remained here.\\nThe hogs they brought first had become wild by the time they got\\nback here, and for years they and their progeny furnished hunting in\\nconnection with the other game here. On their return they brought\\na few cattle with them, and hunted in a few hogs to give them a start.\\nWhen they returned here to live, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Bocke and the\\nHoskins children had come, none of whom remained here, and John\\nMills was farther west. The land-office was at Palestine, and when\\nland came into market Mr. Canaday entered about two sections, and\\nmade it his practice to sell to new-comers at congress price with\\ninterest.\\nEli Henderson came in soon after, in 1824, and settled east of Mr.\\nCanaday s, and died there in 1833, leaving three sons and three daugh-\\nters. His son Elam soon after this went to Georgetown, where he still\\nresides, one of the most successful and active business men of that\\nplace. John Newlin and Richard Golden came to Yankee Point\\nabout the same time the latter going to Iowa. Mr. Anderson re-\\nmained here a few years and then moved away. He was successful\\nand enterprising, though always moving.\\nThere was at this time, and until Dr. Heywood came, no doctor\\nnearer than the Wabash, and no mill nearer than that. There was\\nabundance of meat, corn and wheat, and farmers all kept a few sheep,\\nbeing careful to put them in a close pen at night. The farming oper-\\nations were tedious, when all the land had to be marked out with a\\nbar-shear plow, corn dropped by hand by the children and covered\\nwith a hoe.\\nBenjamin Canaday had a small house near by, and during the win-\\nter of the deep snow, the snow so nearly covered it that one could not\\nsee the house till he got right to it. That winter the deer, and pretty\\nmuch all the game, were destroyed by the snow. He was a tinner by\\ntrade, and made up a stock of tinware and traded it at Louisville for\\ngoods, which he brought back here and put into a building which he\\nbuilt for a store, on his farm just west of Vermilion on the Hickory\\nGrove road. This accidental trade made a merchant of him. He sold\\ngoods here several years before going to Georgetown. He became the\\nlargest merchant there, and for many years the most successful one.\\nJohn Canaday, another son of Henry s, lived on the farm on the\\nState road, between Vermilion and Georgetown. He had a good farm\\nand attended to it thoroughly. He had five sons and two daughters.\\nOf these, Henry lives on the old homestead, Calvin went to Kansas,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0667.jp2"}, "668": {"fulltext": "564 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nBenjamin lives in Champaign, John lives here, and William in the\\nwestern part of the state. Mrs. Mahaley lives near Ash Grove, in Iro-\\nquois county.\\nFrederick and William Can ad ay still live on the farms which they\\nmade when they came to the state, the former just north and the\\nother west of Vermilion station. His four sons, William, Henry, Isaac\\nand John, live around him, worthy and honored men, who esteem it\\nan honor to be able to cheer the declining years of him who led them\\nin their youth in the line of an honorable life. Of his daughters, Mrs.\\nLawrence resides in Kansas, Mrs. Patterson in Bethel, and Mrs. Ank-\\nrura near where her father lives. William had four sons, three of whom\\nreside in Champaign. His daughters, Mrs. Herrill and Mrs. Brown,\\nlive here, and Mrs. Dr. Morris in Iiockville, Indiana. When young he\\nhad learned the saddler s trade. His father was a tanner and a black-\\nsmith, and as soon as he could after coming here they got these vari-\\nous branches of business going. William for some years carried on\\nharness-making and saddlery, but as soon as he could he gave it up to\\ngive better attention to his farm. He continues to carry on his large\\nfarm, but does not stick so close to the plow, as he did when a few\\nyears younger. He keeps a hundred or more head of cattle. Looking\\nback over the time which has elapsed since the first white man settled\\nhere, he can see the changes which have taken place, from the wilder-\\nness to the present condition of wealth and prosperity. Few people\\nhave it given them to see what William Canaday has seen. Fifty-seven\\nyears upon the same farm There is the patent for his land direct from\\nthe President of the United States, with no transfers to note, not even\\nthe modern decoration of a mortgage to cover it. An abstract of that\\ntitle could be written up in short meter. His life here spans the\\nhistory of the county with two laps. Two families, which have been\\nimportant factors in the history of this county, settled here in this cor-\\nner of the township at a very early day, those of Achilles Morgan\\nand Henry Martin. The name of the former has repeatedly appeared\\nin this history, and as his stay here was short, the record of his life\\nperhaps does not properly belong here. He belonged to a family\\nwhich had made a name in Virginia as Indian fighters, a quality\\nwhich was not wholly wanting in the branch of it which settled here.\\nHe went from here to Brooks Point, and thence to Danville. Two\\nsons went to Texas. One daughter married Mr. Henslee. One mar-\\nried George Bocke, who took up the claim which was purchased by\\nMr. Haworth. After Mr. Bocke s death she became Mrs. Coburn.\\nAnother married Mr. Underwood, whose children still live in the east-\\nern part of Georgetown township. Another married Henry Martin,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0668.jp2"}, "669": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 565\\nwho was among the first to settle in Elwood, taking up a claim on sec-\\ntion 6, where Mrs. Spicer now lives. She is said to have been a woman\\nof many good qualities, and during her long and eventful life strongly\\nimpressed her character on the community. Her life was devoted to\\nher children, in whose success she never failed to take a great interest.\\nRawley became an elder of the Christian denomination, and devoted\\nhis time and services to preaching and organizing churches in the sur-\\nrounding country. Most of the churches of that name in the northern\\npart of the county were the fruits of his zeal, organizing skill and de-\\nvoted life. At the outbreak of armed rebellion he felt called on to\\npreach patriotism as he never had before. He labored with the same\\nsingle-hearted zeal, wherever his influence would be felt, to arouse the\\nspirit of patriotism among the people. In consideration of his self-\\ndenying labors in the desk and on the platform, he was elected county\\ntreasurer, a position which he filled with so much credit that those who\\nelected him had no cause to regret it. His death soon after deprived\\nthe county of one of her most worthy and useful citizens. Achilles\\nMartin is one of the prominent business men of Danville. Henry also\\nlives in Danville, and John at Decatur. Mrs. Spicer lives on the old\\nhomestead in Elwood, Mrs. Dillon lives in Danville, Mrs. Graves just\\nnorth of Georgetown, and Mrs. Underwood near McKendry church.\\nAfter the death of Mr. Martin, Mrs. M. became Mrs. Parish, and died\\nonly about a year ago, strong in. the love of her best gift to the world\\nher children. Few women of the present day have had greater reason\\nto feel more satisfied than she, with the part she bore in the stern reali-\\nties of pioneer life; and the children and grandchildren, so many of\\nwhom still live in this county, will, during their lives, continue to hold\\nthe good mother in kindly remembrance. Andrew Patterson came\\nfrom east Tennessee in 1827, and settled at Yankee Point, one mile\\neast of where his son William now resides. Mr. Cook then lived near\\nhere, and Mr. Henderson, Mr. Haworth and Mr. Johnson. Isaac Cook\\ncame here very early, but the date is not now remembered. He owned\\nseveral different farms. The first place he sold to James Thompson.\\nA son lives on section 13, and another, Milton, lives farther east near\\nthe Little Vermilion. Nathaniel Henderson made an early home here,\\nand remained until 1853, when he removed to Clark county. His sons\\nEli and George died here. Mr. Haworth, who lived in this neighbor-\\nhood, sold early to Mr. Wall, and moved to Indiana. Mr. Wall came\\nfrom Ohio in 1832, and died here in 1872. He had four sons and one\\ndaughter, who are all gone. Two grandchildren, Mrs. Hilyard and\\nMrs. Adam Mills, reside here. Thomas Durham came here about", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0669.jp2"}, "670": {"fulltext": "566 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1825. He sold to Mr. Thompson and went to Kankakee and settled\\namong the French.\\n\u00c2\u00a5m. Golden settled on section 25, near Quaker Point, about 1825.\\nHe got up a splendid house for the times, one story high and painted\\nred, and permitted it to be used as a school-house a portion of the time.\\nHe was a man of strong native abilities, a natural leader among men.\\nHe died here and left six children two sons, Jacob and Richard, and\\nfour daughters, Mrs. Elam Henderson, Mrs. Nathaniel Henderson,\\nMrs. Andrew Patterson and Mrs. J. C. Dicken. Richard sold out and\\nwent to Iowa, where his family reside. Jacob had ten children, four\\nof whom live in Iowa; Elam and Mrs. Wm. Thompson live here, and\\nMrs. Dr. Cloyd and Mrs. James Dubre live in Georgetown. When\\nAndrew Patterson came here, in 1827, he remained the first season\\nwith his father-in-law, and then put up a hewed log house on sec-\\ntion 23, a little north of the old gentleman s. It required all the\\nmen in the country, from Vermilion Grove to Quaker Point, to raise\\nit. He was an industrious and careful man, and soon acquired a com-\\npetency. Always alive to the interests of family and neighborhood, he\\ngave an intelligent attention to whatever seemed in the line of duty.\\nHe owned six hundred acres of land in this township. He died in\\n1847, leaving six children. William, the oldest, lives on a farm which\\nhe purchased of James Thompson in 1863, on section 22, a mile from\\nwhere his father made his home fifty-one years ago. Of the other\\nchildren of Andrew Patterson, Thomas, Golden and Mrs. Elizabeth\\nCampbell live in this township, and Mrs. Sarah Campbell near by in\\nGeorgetown.\\nJerre Falen and Levi Babb came early into the same neighborhood.\\nMr. Babb had a farm on section 26, where his son still lives. A daugh-\\nter resides in the neighborhood. Benjamin Galladay, Thomas Past-\\ngate, Simeon Ballard and Benjamin Flehart all settled early in the\\nsame neighborhood. They are dead and their families gone.\\nMr. Packer, who settled early on section 24, was a singular man,\\nand many a queer story is told of him. He was a well-digger, and\\nseemed never so happy as when in the full practice of his art. James\\nSidwell entered a large amount of land in this vicinity, but never came\\nhere to live. The Ashmore Grove farm was first settled by James\\nLawrence, who sold it to Andrew Wagoman, who moved there from\\nnear Georgetown. He in turn sold it to Abner Frazier. Rev. James\\nAshmore bought it, and for many years lived there while preaching to\\nthe various churches in the township. He built the large house on it.\\nA few years since he moved to Fairmount to live.\\nJohn Pugh came from Ohio in 1830, and entered eighty acres east", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0670.jp2"}, "671": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 567\\nof Joseph Baird s, in Carroll, where he lived five years. He sold to\\nJames Grear, and went to Elwood. The next year he removed to the\\nBethel neighborhood. The land upon which he went to live had been\\nentered by James Haworth, and sold by him to Mercer Brown, who\\nalso owned a considerable tract of land in Edgar county. Mr. Pugh\\ndied here in 1847, and his widow still resides with her children. She\\ncame from Maryland, and is believed to be the only woman in town\\nwho never saw a railroad or a train of cars. She is abundantly able to\\ngo to town, indeed could walk the distance, but will not. Her son,\\nGranville, lives on the place, and owns four hundred and fifteen acres\\nof land there. He has often been called on to administer the affairs of\\nthe township, having held several offices, and has shown an abilitv in\\nthe performance of the duties which speaks well of him as a citizen and\\nan intelligent man.\\nJames B. Long lived, as early as 1835, on the farm just east of\\nBrown s land, next to the state line. He had a large family of chil-\\ndren. His son Levi still lives on the land, and three other children\\nlive in the neighborhood.\\nIsaac Wright and his son, John P. Wright, lived just north of\\nBrown s as early as 1823. He owned the north part of section 36\\nuntil 1842. He built a horse grist-mill on the place. The stones were\\ncut out of boulders, and the bolting chest, which was about ten feet\\nlong, was run by hand. He used to shovel up the ground mass and\\nput it up on a shelf, and while he turned the chest with a crank his\\nchildren would push it into the mouth of the bolt as fast as it would\\nwork well. The mill was the first one built in the town, and did\\npretty good work, till he sold it in 1842 to parties who took it to\\nIndiana. Wright sold the farm to Branson, and he to Mr. Pugh, in\\n1864. Mr. McMurdock, who came here with Mr. Wright, is here still.\\nHe is an old stand-by one of those wise-heads who know enough to\\nstay where they are well off. John Howard, a son-in-law of Wright s,\\nlived here a while, and then went to Indiana, from there to Iowa, and\\nthen back here, where he still resides.\\nJoseph Allison lived on section 25 in 1830. The first Methodist\\nmeetings were held at his house, and he continued an earnest and\\nactive friend of the church.\\nGarrett Dillon was one of the first to settle in Pilot Grove, and was\\ninterested in the work of religion and education. He did much to\\nbuild up society here. He died while he was on his way home from\\nattending the yearly meeting of the Friends in Iowa. He was a most\\nexcellent man, and his loss by death was deeply felt in the community.\\nHis daughter, Mrs. Fletcher, still lives at Pilot Grove his son, Will-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0671.jp2"}, "672": {"fulltext": "568 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\niam, died at Georgetown John was killed in Missouri by a falling\\ntree; Mrs. Harrold, another daughter, died here, five of her eight chil-\\ndren surviving her. Marion has long been one of the leading business\\nmen at Ridge Farm; John is also in business there; W P. is on a\\nfarm, and Mrs. Dice and Mrs. Fellows reside there.\\nNathaniel Henderson built the first shanty in Harrison s purchase,\\nand Wiley Henderson built a house there. Amos Bogue had a farm\\nthere. This point of land became known as the lost lands, because\\nof its sections being numbered different from the lands about it. Set-\\ntlers squatted on it and were anxious to get titles. Finally a sale was\\nordered, and most of those who lived on the lands secured them by\\npurchase.\\nThe land lying between the timber and Ridge Farm was called the\\nTexas country, because for a long time it was so wild. It began to\\ntill up about 1845, and now embraces some of the finest farms in the\\ntownship.\\nCharles Brady walked from Centerville, Indiana, in 1831, and took\\nup a piece of land about three miles south of Yankee Point. He got\\nforty acres, with Jackson s signature to the title deed, and built a slab\\nhouse on it. He died there, and his son Enoch lives at Ridge Farm,\\nwhere he is engaged in running the grist-mill.\\nJohn Fletcher came from Ohio in 1836, and lived near Vermilion\\nGrove. He came to Pilot Grove in 1839, where he now lives. He\\nworked around for a while, wherever he could find work mauling\\nrails and making brick until he had earned enough to buy a piece of\\nland. His father had entered eighty acres in Pilot Grove in 1828.\\nHe is, and long has been, a leading man in the township, and in the\\nsociety of Friends, of which he is a member. For many years he has\\nbeen on grand juries in the courts of the county, and is recognized as\\na man in whom the utmost confidence can be placed. He has raised\\nseven children, some of whom still live near the old homestead. John\\nHaworth, who now lives in Watseka, had a farm here when Mr.\\nFletcher came here to live. His present wife, who was Mrs. Haworth,\\nhas three children, who live in Thorntown, Indiana, one of whom is a\\npreacher. His farm lies along the west side of Harrison s Purchase,\\nand, from the understanding which is current as unwritten history in\\nregard to that matter, the writer has derived the following: When\\nGeneral Harrison was down on the Wabash some Indians stole nine-\\nteen horses from his camp, and a half-breed offered, for a suitable com-\\npensation, to pilot a party of soldiers to where the stolen horses were\\nconcealed. This is the highest timber-land anywhere in this vicinity,\\nand can be seen a great distance. The pilot led this way; but whether", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0672.jp2"}, "673": {"fulltext": "KMV0OD TOWNSHIP. 569\\nthe Indians were detected here and the property restored is not stated.\\nHarrison, in the course of negotiations with the red man, purchased a\\npiece of land which may be described as triangular at its northern end,\\nblit having the Wabash river for its. third side. The apex of this tri-\\nangle is a rock which was out on the prairie a mile north of the grove,\\nthe northeast side being a line run from tbat rock toward the sun at ten\\no clock on a certain da} r of the year, and reaching the Wabash river a\\nfew miles north of where it becomes the boundary line of the state.\\nThe western line is a line run from the rock directly through a huge\\nelm tree which did stand and now lies in the fence a few rods from\\nJohn Fletcher s house, extending south through Edgar and Clark\\ncounties, and terminating in the northern part of Crawford, thence east\\nto the Wabash River. At the time of the earliest settlement here there\\nwas an old shanty, very dilapidated by time, near the old elm tree,\\nwhich rumor says had been r used at the time negotiations were going\\non here.\\nAsa Folger came from Indiana in 1829, and commenced tanning\\nnear Elwood. This business was then of considerable importance, and\\nthe habit of farmers then was to get their leather from the tannery and\\nmake their own shoes, or take the leather to a shoe-maker to get it\\nmade up. No farmer thought he could afford to buy shoes. Elam\\nHenderson relates that by the time he was ten years old his father set\\nhim to work to make his shoes, over home-made lasts, out of home-\\nmade leather. After civilization had progressed far enough westward\\nso that tanyards were within reach, the hides were taken there and\\nmarked and put into the vats. In due time the leather was ready to\\nbe made up. He was a leading member of the Society of Friends, and\\nhis children grew up worthy members of that faith. After a few years\\nhe sold, and bought a farm of John Thompson, in the southern part of\\nthe township, where Mrs. Folger now resides. He had ten children,\\nall of whom are living. Three are in Kansas one in Missouri; John\\nlives on a farm in Harrison s Purchase; Uriah near Ridge Farm Mrs.\\nReynolds and Mrs. Mills live near Elwood meeting-house, where the}\\nhave large families growing up around them. Mrs. Dubre and Mrs.\\nEllis live near Pilot Grove. John is a recorded preacher of the Friends\\nsociety, and spends a portion of each year in visitations. Uriah is also\\na preacher.\\nThe earlier settlers at and near Elwood were Mercer Brown, Exum\\nMorris, David Newlin, Nathan Thornton, Elisha Mills, Isaac Smith,\\nWright Cook and Zimri Lewis. They organized and maintained the\\nFriends meeting there, and were honored and esteemed citizens. Els-\\nbery Gennett took up a farm near Pilot Grove early. He patented a", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0673.jp2"}, "674": {"fulltext": "570 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nglass moth-protector for bee-hives, and made a great success of it finan-\\ncially. He was a queer old man. His oddities were long the subject\\nof remark.\\nThere were many early settlements along the Little Vermilion, in\\nthe northeast part of the township. Thomas Whitlock came here from\\nTennessee in 1828. He had united with the Baptist church when a\\nboy, and all through life retained a lively interest in the cause of re-\\nligion, and was a strong promoter of the church of his choice. He was\\na man of intelligence, of firm convictions, and of great force of charac-\\nter. For more than twenty years he was a justice of the peace, and\\nwas almost annually on the juries of the county. He was always in-\\nterested in politics. The first vote he cast was while he was in the\\nmilitary service, voting for his old leader, Andrew Jackson. He was\\nengaged in teaming over the mountain roads in Tennessee, and when\\nhe came to this state emigrated in one of those old-fashioned prairie\\nschooners, whose prow and keel rise on a curve, to prevent the con-\\ntents from rolling out when going up and down hill. He acquired\\nabout seven hundred acres of land. He had thirteen children, four of\\nwhom are living. He died in 1878, aged eighty-two years. His was\\nan active, busy, useful life. Thoroughly conscientious in all his deal-\\nings, undertaking whatever work he had to do with christian fortitude,\\ntraining his children in the way he loved, he lived a devoted life and\\nsleeps in an honored grave. His son James lives in Vigo county, Indi-\\nana, and has five children. Isaac lives in a neat farm-house close by\\nthe church which his father had done so much to organize and build\\nup, and has four children. John lives at Eugene, Indiana, and Benja-\\nmin on the old homestead. Alfred Parks, who was another early pro-\\nmoter of the Baptist church here, and long a deacon, lives north of\\nGeorgetown with his son-in-law, Elwood Bales.\\nThough not one of the earty settlers, space must be allotted here for\\na notice of Mr. Thomas Millholland, who came here from Edgar county\\nin 1856. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church here, and was\\ndevoted to the cause of religion. He was the father of thirteen chil-\\ndren, only one of whom died in infancy. He had been a militia officer\\nin his younger days, and when rebellion arose, though sixty years\\nold, he was intensely interested in the cause of the Union. Colonel\\nJacques and Lieut. Davies were addressing a war meeting at George-\\ntown, calling for volunteers to fill the depleted ranks of the grand\\narmy of the Union; but the volunteers were not forthcoming. The\\nold man was present, and stepped forward and enlisted others soon\\nfollowed his example. He went out to battle, but soon came home to\\ndie; the spirit was willing, but the flesh was weak. Nine of his chil-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0674.jp2"}, "675": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 571\\ndren and their mother survive, of whom Amos and Mrs. Martha Hen-\\nderson reside here.\\nEnos Campbell came here in 1834 from Tennessee, and a large\\nfamily live in the vicinity yet. Alexander Campbell came here at the\\nsame time, and settled just across the line in Georgetown. He is now\\neighty-three years old, and still attends to his large farming interests.\\nHe has eight sons and four daughters. Hogan and Abraham live here\\nin Elwood Robert and Mrs. Patty in Missouri Mrs. Whitlock in\\nHomer, and Mrs. Day in Penfield.\\nJohn Whitlock came here in 1830, and lived on the south side of\\nthe creek for three years, when he removed to the north side. He was\\nan early friend of the Cumberland church here, and he and his family\\ndid much to build it up. Three of his sons became ministers of the\\nGospel, and two still live to preach the Word. Another son, William,\\nlives in Georgetown Jacob, in Indiana, and Mrs. Campbell and Mrs.\\nCook, here. Now a feeble old man, the days of his labor passed, he\\nwill long live in the memory of his children as a faithful, consistent\\nfather. William Thompson, Golden Thompson, James Graham and\\nAbraham Brown settled along the Salt Works road here in an early day.\\nAbraham Brown, jun., lived a mile farther west. He is dead, but\\nseveral of his children reside near. Foster Elliott also came here\\nearly; his son, Gosberry, lives near Liberty Church. William Rees\\ncame to Yankee Point with his father in 1838. A. J. Ramey came\\nfrom Indiana in 1850. At that^time, Wright Cook lived where Rees\\ndoes. He lived there fifty years. He was one of the organizers\\nand was a preacher of the Friends meeting at Elwood. He died a\\nyear ago. His widow and children, Thomas, Asa, Kesiah and Rachel,\\nlive in this vicinity. He was a worthy and much respected man.\\nZimri Lewis, another of the old guard who upheld the cause of re-\\nligion, and a most estimable man, died near here in 1875. He was the\\nfather of fourteen children, all of whom died before him. Two of his\\ngrandchildren still live here.\\nEli Patty lived at Patty s Ford, northeast of Elwood meeting-house.\\nHe came here about 1818. He was an elder in the Presbyterian\\nchurch. His son William gave up his life for his country he was a\\nworthy and upright young man. One daughter, Mrs. Wm. Patterson,\\nresides in the township, and her mother resides with her.\\nJohn Rayburn was a minister of the Baptist denomination. He\\nlived near the site of the old Baptist church. He is dead, and his\\nson lives near Danville.\\nEli Thornton was here at a very early day. He was a good car-\\npenter and a good Quaker. He had a water-mill on the Little Yer-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0675.jp2"}, "676": {"fulltext": "572 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmilioi) at the Wright Cook Ford. He built it the year after the frost\\nkilled the trees in June (probably 1837). The frost which appeared in\\nthat month was severe enough to kill the leaves, which had the effect\\nto kill the trees themselves in many localities. The mill was both a\\nsaw-mill and grist-mill. He run it until 1857, when the frame was sold\\nto James Frazier for a barn. The stones lie there yet. Mr. Thornton\\nwent to Sadorus Grove. The Hall mill, on the state road south of\\nGeorgetown, has been long gone. Jonathan Haworth built a mill\\nabout half a mile from where Henry Mills now lives, at Cook s Ford,\\nabout 1830. He was a brother of James Haworth he died at the mill.\\nIsaac Cook bought it and sold to Eli Patty. The water dried up with\\nthe advancing civilization, and the mill went down.\\nZackeus Parhum, a good and beloved man of the Friends, and one\\nwho attended to his own affairs, lived near the Elwood Church early.\\nHe died in 1857. He had four daughters and one son. Mrs. Shires\\nstill lives here.\\nJoseph Ramey came here about 1850, following his sons, Asa and\\nJonathan, and lives in Georgetown, aged seventy-two years. He had\\nten children, of whom three are now living: Asa, on the farm in\\nElwood, Jonathan, in Georgetown, and Mrs. Wesley Cook, in Elwood.\\nNathaniel Cook, the father of Wesle} r was an industrious and pious\\nman, a good citizen and good neighbor. He resided on the farm which\\nRamey now owns. He died and left three sons and two daughters,\\nwho live in this township. Asa Ramey has eight children, two in\\nMissouri, and the others at home.\\nSamuel Graham came from East Tennessee in 1828 to Yankee Point,\\nwhere the widow Whitlock now resides. Jonathan Haworth had made\\nan improvement there, and Mr. Graham bought it. He lived there\\ntwo years, and then bought on section 6 (range 10). He preempted\\nthe northwest corner of the section, cut the saplings and made a cabin,\\nand died there in 1S33. His wife died in 1857. They were industrious\\nand religious people. At their house the first Methodist meetings in\\nthis part of the township were held, and continued to be so held until\\na school-house was built. Their daughter married Mr. French, the\\nfirst Methodist minister, and their son James continued to live on the\\nplace until 1873, when he moved to Georgetown. Mr. Walton im-\\nproved the farm next west of Graham s, and moved to Indiana.\\n.James Hepburn came to Eugene in 1833, and the next year came to\\nsection 2 and entered eighty acres of land, made a cabin, and improved\\nthe farm his son Thomas now resides on. He died in 1850. He had\\neleven children; rive are now living: Thomas lives on the old home-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0676.jp2"}, "677": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 573\\nstead, Israel in Ohio, one in Missouri, one in Iowa, and Mrs. Lashley in\\nthis county one grandson, Thomas, lives in Georgetown.\\nMr. Denio, who lived in this neighborhood, had in his cabin one of\\nthose odd old fire-places which were a curiosity even in those times. It\\ncommenced half way up the wall, and had room under it for half a cord\\nof wood. They are believed to have gone out of date in Elwood.\\nAbraham Smith was the first to make a farm out on the Ridge.\\nThe prairie land north and west of Pilot Grove was the last to be\\nbrought into general cultivation. For twenty years after good farms\\nexisted along the Points and the groves this beautiful prairie lay\\nopen, being entirely destitute of cultivation. When Abraham Smith\\nand his brother William concluded to sell their farm at Vermilion\\nGrove and bring the Ridge farm into cultivation, they were cautioned\\nagainst the folly of going there to live. They were told that no one\\nyet was ever known to live out on the prairie; that he would never\\nhave any neighbors, and could not expect to have meetings or schools.\\nHe thought, however, that the land was better for farming purposes\\nthan that in the timber, and that he could better afford to haul his rails\\nand wood out to his prairie home than to try to bring the timber land\\ninto cultivation. His wife, who is a sister of the Canadays, and who\\nstill lives on the place, says things did look pretty rough when she\\ncame here to live on Christmas day, 1839. They had moved from\\nEast Tennessee, and lived a few years near her brother s at Vermilion\\nGrove. Mr. Smith commenced improving this farm in 1839, and built\\na house on the east side of the state road, which they moved into in\\nthe winter. Four years later he sold this to Ori Ashton, and built the\\nhouse on the west side of the road where his widow still resides. When\\nhe came the stage route from Danville to Paris was already established,\\nand the next spring four-horse coaches were put on the route, and soon\\na post-office was established, though it was some time before neighbors\\nbegan to settle near. He was obliged to keep tavern, and entertain\\nany who came along, as there was no one to send them to. The\\ncoaches made a trip a day, going from Danville one day and return-\\ning the next. The wolves were so troublesome that they would chase\\nthe chickens into the yard.\\nThomas Haworth was the first to join Mr. Smith in moving here\\nand making a farm, in 1841, just north of where Mr. Smith lived. Uri\\nAshton, who was next, only remained a few years and sold to Mr.\\nJames Thompson, who is also gone. It soon became evident to the\\nactive mind of Mr. Smith that there would be a business center here\\nsoon he built a blacksmith and wagon-shop, and soon after, about\\n1850, a store. About 1855 he, with some others, built the large three", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0677.jp2"}, "678": {"fulltext": "574 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nstory steam mill, which cost about $10,000, and did very good work\\nuntil it burned in 1863. The shop and store stood south of his house,\\nand it was not until the town was laid out that the buildings were put\\nup where the village now is. Mr. Smith was an honored member of\\nthe Society of Friends in political principles a radical abolitionist of\\nthe most pronounced type, and was an energetic and active business\\nman. He died in 1863. He had seven children, live of whom are\\nliving: One son lives in Iowa, one in Kansas; Mrs. Clark lives in\\nParis; Mrs. Pierce lives with her mother on the old homestead, and\\nMrs. Haney near by. His brother, Dr. Isaac Smith, lived early east of\\nwhere Gibson s store now stands, at Vermilion Station, and his brother\\nJesse lived southeast of the Vermilion meeting-house, where his son\\nGeorge now lives. The other farms around Ridge Farm were slowly\\nbrought into cultivation after these pioneer ones, and gradually became\\none of the finest farming tracts in the county, thereby justifying the\\nradical judgment of Mr. Smith, who seems never to have doubted its\\ngreat value. One marked feature of farm-life in Elwood is that there\\nare no large farms like those we find in the other townships on this south-\\nern tier. The men seem to have been moderate in their desires, and\\nnone of them attempted to hold great bodies of land, or to buy up all\\nthe farms adjoining them.\\nRELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS AND CHURCHES.\\nFrom the very first the interests of this township, in its religious,\\nmoral, educational and political matters, were largely in the hands of\\nthe Friends. They were among the very earliest here their decided\\nviews, their homely ways and the influence of their godly lives have\\nmoulded the manners and the welfare of the town. For all time to\\ncome this influence will be felt no one can estimate or weigh it, but\\nevery one knows and feels it. John Haworth and Henry Oanaday\\nand their children, and George Haworth, whose age and faithful chris-\\ntian life made him from the first a leader in society, and the one to\\nadvise in all such matters, within the first or second year of their life\\nin the new country at- Vermilion Grove, in the year 1823, commenced\\nmeeting together in what is called indulged meetings, in a cabin\\nwhich stood about one hundred yards north of where v Haworth s saw-\\nmill stands. George Haworth was the principal speaker, or preacher;\\nit is not thought that he assumed the title, but he was looked up to as\\nsuch. The indulged meetings were regularly kept up according to\\nthe custom of the society, two days in a week. In 1824 a meeting-house\\nwas built right where the Vermilion meeting-house now stands. It\\nwas built of hewn logs, larger and nicer than any of the houses in the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0678.jp2"}, "679": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 575\\nneighborhood. By this time the little Society of Friends had increased\\nsomewhat in numbers, and from that time, now fifty-five years, the\\nfires on the altars at Vermilion have never been permitted to go out.\\nThey have, like all other denominations, often found their religious\\nzeal moderating, but there has been no time when they have permitted\\ntheir meetings to be discontinued. There is a very general knowledge\\non the part of all in regard to the religious belief and methods of the\\nFriends, but no very clear conception of their church government and\\nsystem. The central idea of their system is the separation from all\\nform and ceremony. All their action is based upon individual consent\\nof the members. The meeting is set up where two or three\\nassemble together, 1 if they desire an organization no ecclesiastical\\nauthority being asked for or permitted. The organization is the act of\\nthe united members of the society, but when done must be done in\\naccordance with the rules of the society. A time-keeper is selected,\\nand a secretary and treasurer chosen. ISTo one makes a motion no\\nquestion is put to vote, the custom, perhaps it ought not to be called\\nthe form of action, is this: Some member suggests a certain proposi-\\ntion, as, the name of a proper person to act as secretary, or the name\\nof a suitable person to act on a committee. If the member has in his\\nmind reasons for making the suggestion, he may state them. Time is\\ngiven for others to state whether or not they agree with the suggestion,\\nor whether they have unison with the proposition. If during this\\nwaiting time no one signifies a want of unison, the matter is taken as\\nhaving been decided in the affirmative, and that decision is announced\\nby the clerk, not as having been carried but he states that he has\\nentered the following minute, which he reads, giving an opportunity\\nagain for general assent to the minute. If, as very rarely occurs, oppo-\\nsition is offered, and such negative view seems well founded, or well\\nfixed, the clerk would not deem himself authorized to enter the minute.\\nThis system of conducting business is the method adopted in all the\\nsociety meetings from the lowest to the highest, or yearly meetings.\\nNo voting by ballot ever occurs; an agreement is obtained and the\\nfact of that agreement recorded.\\nAny member who thinks the business has been transacted, instead\\nof moving an adjournment, says: I think we might now have the\\nfinal minute read. After time is given for others to signify their\\nunison with the view expressed, the clerk writes in his record the\\nminute of adjournment, or the close of the meeting. This is in busi-\\nness meetings, of course. In the regular religious meetings all this\\nis dispensed with. There is no opening or closing exercise, benedic-\\ntion, or form of any kind. The person who is time-keeper, when the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0679.jp2"}, "680": {"fulltext": "576 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntime arrives to begin the meeting, invites the elders present to a seat\\nin the desk or bench which fronts the congregation two or three of\\nthem sitting in those usually occupied by the men, and as many of the\\nwomen in their own desk, and anyone on either side of the house,\\neither in the desk or in the benches, that desires to say anything, does\\nso, or a hymn is sung, or a prayer offered. Usually, at this day, the\\nmen sit with tiheir heads uncovered, though this is governed merely\\nby the convenience or desire of the individual. The women, a few of\\nthem still wear the bonnets which have long been the distinctive in-\\nsignia of the Friend, and some wear dresses of Quaker drab, or\\nbrown. These items of dress have, however, largely disappeared from\\nthe assemblages at the meeting-house, and a broad-rimmed hat or shad-\\nshaped coat is seldom seen in Elwood. After all have taken part in\\nthe meeting who choose to, the time-keeper leans forward and shakes\\nhands with his next neighbor, an act which is followed generally\\nthrough the congregation, and the meeting is out, this hand-shaking\\nbeing the only benediction, and the only thing which amounts to a\\nform. No sacrament is administered, neither baptism or the Lord s\\nsupper. Marriage, which in some churches is recognized as a sacra-\\nment, is of course recognized, and iriust be solemnized in due form, and\\nwhile not deemed in any sense a sacrament, retains its position more\\nnearly a ceremony. No form of ordination for the ministry is recog-\\nnized, but provisions are made for an oversight of him who preaches,\\nor who visits other congregations or meetings to labor with them.\\nWhen one thinks he has a call to preach, a committee is appointed by\\nthe preparative meeting to which he or she belongs, who select over-\\nseers, who ascertain what facts they can in regard to the daily life and\\nreligious character of the person, and report to the monthly meeting.\\nElders are selected by the monthly meeting, who inquire into his doc-\\ntrinal soundness, and if all, including his ability to preach the word\\nand instruct, is found right, a certificate is given him. A preacher so\\naccredited may ask of the monthly meeting authority to visit meetings\\nin any part of the country, and if such authority is granted, as it always\\nis unless some good reason is known for its refusal, a minute is given\\nhim by the clerk. With this as his credentials, he has the authority to\\nvisit all congregations covered by the minute, and call meetings, and\\nlabor with them as long as the spirit indicates that his labors are effect-\\nive. No salary is permitted to be paid to the preacher, but paying\\nhis traveling expenses when on these visits is not prohibited, indeed,\\nis encouraged and expected. No order of clergy, or title, is known\\namong them. Their society is a standing protest against priests, bish-\\nops, livings and titles.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0680.jp2"}, "681": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 577\\ni\\nIn discipline they are more nearly in accord with other denomina-\\ntions. The children of parents who are members are considered as\\nmembers until they arrive at years of discretion, when they may exer-\\ncise their right to withdraw or remain. An erring brother or sister is\\nvisited and labored with, and the committee thus visiting reports to the\\nmeeting. In aggravated cases, where repentance does not follow, ex-\\npulsion might; but in ordinary cases, if the person disciplined desires\\nhis right, desires to withdraw from the meeting, that right\\nwould be granted, and is not deemed expulsion. Conversion is recog-\\nnized as essential to uniting with the body of believers. When the\\noffer to unite comes from a candidate, he is asked his reasons for want-\\ning to become a member at the preparative meeting. The reasons are\\nreceived, and the case is carried by a committee to the monthly meet-\\ning, where a committee is appointed to examine the candidate, and if\\nthat committee is satisfied of his conversion, he is received upon their\\nreport. Getting into debt without reasonable expectation of being\\nable to pay is considered good grounds for discipline, but in seasons of\\ngreat depression due allowance is made for unexpected shrinkage of\\nvalues. JSTo member can appeal to the law until all other means are\\nexhausted, and then only by permission of the meeting. In all the\\ndeliberations of the society in its meetings, the poorest or humblest has\\nthe same opportunity to be heard, and has just as much influence as\\nthe richest or most active. The amount of money required to carry on\\nthe church work is inconsiderable, but small as it is, it must be raised\\nin regular ways. The yearly meeting apportions to each the amount\\nexpected, through the quarterly and monthly meetings. A committee\\nis then appointed to assess the amount according to the wealth of the\\nmembers. Ministers can change their relation from one monthly meet-\\ning to another on certificate, but elders cannot as such. Two or more\\npreparative meetings constitute a monthly meeting, several of which\\nconstitute a quarterly meeting, an indefinite number of which are\\nwithin the jurisdiction of the yearly meeting. Eight preparatives\\nbelong to the quarterly meeting at Vermilion Grove, namel} 7 Ver-\\nmilion, Elwood, Pilot Grove, Georgetown, Hopewell, Ridge Farm,\\nFairfield and Champaign. The yearly meeting is located at Plainfield,\\nIndiana, and embraces twelve quarterly meetings. For a long time it\\nwas the custom to build the meeting-houses with partitions in them\\nfor separate meeting-rooms for the men and women. Just what the\\nnecessity was for the separation of the two is not now very evident,\\nbut it has been the custom till a very late day to build the houses in\\nthat form, and to conduct the business meetings separately. These\\nmeeting-houses in Elwood are built in that way, having very narrow\\n37", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0681.jp2"}, "682": {"fulltext": "578 HISTORY OE VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfolding-doors between the rooms, and openings in the partitions which\\nare closed by boards, which hang upon ropes run over pulleys, so that\\nas the upper one is pulled down the lower is raised, thus closing the\\naperture. The yearly meeting is the highest authority in the society,\\nand has jurisdiction over all matters which come up from the quarterly\\nmeetings, and has the work of missions and of the Bible cause in charge.\\nIn the book of discipline certain questions are found which must be\\nasked by the clerk of every monthly meeting, and answers in writing\\nmust be sent up. Among these questions are such as pertain to the\\nreligious condition of the membership. One of these questions is:\\nHave the Friends consistently protested against slavery, against visiting\\ncircus shows and kindred things, and against paying salaries to preachers\\nThere are in Elwood five preparative meetings of the society: Ver-\\nmilion, Elwood, Hopewell, Pilot Grove and Ridge Farm, which have\\nbeen set up in point of time in that order. Vermilion, which was\\nfirst, very soon became the monthly meeting, and in 1863 the quarterly.\\nThe meeting at Elwood, which is about two or three miles east of Ver-\\nmilion, followed soon after, and was named from a leading man in the\\nsociety, which in turn gave name to the township. That at Hopewell\\nis in the extreme southeastern part of the county. Around these three\\ncenters the Friends who settled here early collected, taking up land,\\nmaking farms, and holding their meetings with great punctuality two\\ndays of the week. Around the first the Haworths, the Canadays, the\\nMendenhalls and others settled around Elwood were the Folgers,\\nHendersons, Newlins, Zimri Lewis, Wright Cook, and many others.\\nThe first log meeting-house at Elwood was built about 1830. It\\nhad in it a fire-place built on legs, so arranged as to burn charcoal.\\nThis would be an oddity as an appurtenance to a house of worship\\nnow, and would hardly answer the purpose. The present meeting-\\nhouse was built in 1846. It is 30 x 55, frame, with stone foundation.\\nIt has the partition between the two apartments, like all the old houses\\nof that denomination. The present meeting-house at Vermilion was\\nbuilt in 1850, and is very similar in construction to the others. In\\nthose early days George Haworth usually took part in the religious\\nmeetings, and they soon after had visiting preachers coming among\\nthem. Charles Osborne, who lived near Richmond, was the first, and\\nafter him John Folk, from Pennsylvania, spent some time with them.\\nElizabeth Robinson, from England, a most excellent lady, was here one\\nwinter. The meeting-house at Pilot Grove was built in 1848, and is\\nabout 30x48, and the one at Hopewell was built about the same time.\\nThe house at Ridge Farm is more modern. Sabbath-schools are main-\\ntained at all of these meetings, the old and young alike joining in the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0682.jp2"}, "683": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 79\\nservice as they do at church. With the exception of a lack of formality\\nin opening and closing, they are conducted in the same way the schools\\nof other denominations are.\\nElijah Yager, who came from East Tennessee, a school-teacher\\nin the employ of the families of Friends living around Vermilion\\nGrove, was the first Methodist who held regular meetings of that de-\\nnomination in this township. It is not known what conference he\\nbelonged to. The next regular preaching services of the Methodists\\nwere held at the house of Samuel Graham in 1828 or 1829. Mr.\\nGraham lived then on the farm at Yankee Point, where Mrs. Whitlock\\nnow resides. The preaching was conducted by Rev. James McKain\\nand Rev. John E. French, the former in charge of the Eugene circuit\\nat that time, and the latter was his assistant. The circuit was a four-\\nweeks circuit, the two preachers preaching every day, and thus getting\\naround to each of their appointments once in two weeks. The circuit\\nextended to Big Grove (Urbana). They preached at Georgetown and\\nat Cassady s. A class was formed at Mr. Graham s house, consisting of\\nMr. and Mrs. Graham, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Shires, Mr. and Mrs.\\nThomas Standfield, and Miss Graham. Mr. Shires was the first class-\\nleader. Mr. French was an Englishman, though French in name, and\\nhis preaching was of an effective nature, so much so as to convert Miss\\nGraham into a Frenchwoman, for he married her while on this circuit.\\nThe amount of ministerial work which these early circuit-riders per-\\nformed is almost incredible. Their appointments covered every day of\\nthe week, and were tilled with a regularity which was wonderful, con-\\nsidering the difficulties of travel which were surmounted. Through all\\nsorts of weather, and without roads or the conveniences of travel, they\\nmade the rounds of their circuit, seldom disappointing those who were\\nanxious to hear the Word. Custom has much to do with what a man\\ncan accomplish, or with what he thinks he can accomplish. The rain,\\nhigh streams without bridges, drifting snow, the intense heat of sum-\\nmer, or the frigid cold of winter, sickness, and the discomfort of the\\npioneer home, were the continual trials which the Christian laborer of\\nthe present day knows nothing of, except, possibly, by report, and\\nwhich many of them could illy endure. Their salary was meagre, and\\ntheir wardrobes scanty. Few knew what it was to have, in these\\npioneer days, those comforts which are now deemed necessaries. They\\nhad no purses, and small need for such a contrivance; their pay was so\\nmeagre that it is a mystery how they lived, especially where they had\\nfamilies to support.\\nMr. French, after his appointment here ceased, preached at Newport,\\nCheney s Grove, and at other points west of here. He died at Clinton", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0683.jp2"}, "684": {"fulltext": "580 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nin 1841. His daughter, Mrs. Heed, lives now at Georgetown. Among\\nthe local preachers who kept up the work here were, Joseph Allison,\\nMr. Cassady, Patrick Cowan, Arthur Jackson and William Stowers;\\nand of the traveling preachers, Mr. Bradshaw, Asa and John McMur-\\ntrie, Mr. Anderson and others are remembered. The Ridge Farm\\nM. E. Church grew out of the class which was formed as early as 1849,\\nabout a mile south of the present location. In 1852 business began to\\nassume such proportions at Ridge Farm that it seemed likely a village\\nwould be the result, and the appointment was moved to Ridge Farm\\nand took that name permanently. At that time Rev. G. W. Fairbanks\\nwas presiding elder, Rev. R. C. Norton, preacher in charge, and J. J.\\nDonovan, class-leader. Mr. Norton will be remembered as a man of\\nearnest convictions and strong character. His notions of duty, both on\\nthe part of the preacher and of the flock, were old-fashioned, but posi-\\ntive. He seemed to suppose that every Methodist who was worthy\\nof a name to live, or who had his name on the class-book, ought to\\nattend class-meetings. Finding at the end of the quarter that only\\nseventeen of the thirty-live whose names were on the book were in the\\nhabit of attending class-meeting, he set forward only the names of\\nthose seventeen, and entered this minute in the class-book: I have\\nonly set forward the names of those members that have been to meet-\\ning; this is the best that I can do. N.B. If any more of the members\\nwish to be considered members they must show their wish by their\\ncoming forward and claiming their membership, and being Methodists.\\nNorton. Many a preacher has felt just as Brother Norton did,\\nwho did not have the pluck to lop off the cumberers. At this time\\nRidge Farm appointment belonged to Georgetown circuit. The first\\nmeetings were held in the school-house, which was familiarly known\\nas Hardscrabble, a name probably derived from the studious habits of\\nthose who there sought to travel up the hill of science. Among the\\nmen who are now remembered for their devotion to the interests of\\nthe church were, David Ankrum, Israel Patton, Joseph Kuns, Thos.\\nRobinson, William Foster, J. R. Green, Jesse Smith, David Little,\\nJonah Hole, Thomas Henderson and Cyrus Douglas. Old Father\\nRobinson never failed to be on hand when it was meeting-time, and if\\nthere was no one else present he would go through with the service of\\nprayer and song. Some of the boys used to pop beans at him through\\nthe knot-holes in the building. He was one of those good old men\\nwhom everyone likes to speak well of. He loved the service of the\\nLord s house, and loved to think of the home in glory which no doubt\\nhe is enjoying.\\nThe first church was built in 1856, at which time S. Elliott was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0684.jp2"}, "685": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 581\\npresiding elder, and Sampson Shinn, preacher in charge. The building-\\nwas 35x55, and was a very comfortable house. In 1859 Levi C.\\nPeters was presiding elder, and Rev. G. W. Fairbanks, preacher J.\\nHole and Thomas Henderson, class-leaders. In 1863 it became Ridge\\nFarm circuit. At this date the church was burned, and the society\\npurchased a store-building and fitted it up to serve temporarily for a\\nhouse of worship. In 1872 the present neat edifice was erected. It is\\n35x60, and cost $3,000. The following preachers have served since\\n1860: Joseph Lane, Mr. Muirhead, Mr. McCastle, Mr. Groves, T. D.\\nWarns, W. W. Curnutt, S. T. Kershner, J. P. Hillerby, James Miller,\\nGeorge Crays, R. Stephens and S. H. Whitlock. The present mem-\\nbership is one hundred and thirty. The Sabbath-school numbers about\\none hundred; J. H. Southern is superintendent, George A. Dice, as-\\nsistant. The church includes a large number of active and earnest\\nworkers, who are alive to the work which they have. It is now known\\nas Georgetown and Ridge Farm appointment. A class was formed at\\nthe house of Joseph Allison, who lived on section 25, at Quaker\\nPoint, as early as 1831 or 1832. The preachers of the Danville Cir-\\ncuit preached here with considerable regularity, and from it the Bethel\\nchurch sprung. A log church was built near by the state line in 1842\\nby Mr. Allison, William Kendall Sons, Ben Scars, Moses Crouser,\\nMessrs. Moore Long, and other neighbors. Mr. Galliday wanted to\\nbuild it farther north, and had some logs hewn for that purpose. The\\nLittle Vermilion Baptist church was organized in 1831 by Presbytery,\\nconsisting of members of Wabash, Danville and Vermilion churches.\\nThe following members were received: John Stark, H. Stark, Henry\\nCavender, Ann Thompson, Benjamin Cavender, Daniel Shirk, Nicholas\\nBaseley, John Caldwell. Joel Dicken, Robert Elliott, Alexander More-\\nhead, Silas Johnson, Benjamin Shaw and Thomas Whitlock. David\\nShirk was first pastor; Thomas Whitlock was clerk, and served until\\n1870; David Shirk was moderator until 1861. John Rayburn was\\npastor for some years, and J. S. Whitlock is the present one I. C.\\nWhitlock is clerk. The first church, a log one, was built north of the\\ncreek. The present neat church edifice standing near the residence\\nof I. C. Whitlock, Esq., was built in 1868. It is 36x48, and cost\\nfifteen hundred dollars. The deed for the land upon which the\\nchurch stands (donated by the late Thomas Whitlock) provides that\\nwhen the church shall change its articles of faith, or rules, or time of\\nholding church meetings, the property shall revert. Alfred Parks has\\nbeen a deacon for many years, and J. M. Handley is at present. The\\nmembership is eleven.\\nThe Cumberland Presbyterians, through the untiring efforts of that", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0685.jp2"}, "686": {"fulltext": "582 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\npioneer preacher, Rev. James Ash more, early occupied the ground\\nhere. Mr. Ashmore now lives in Fairmount, and the reader will find a\\nmore extended notice of his life and work under that head. After\\ncommencing his labors in this county he was invited to preach in the\\nnortheastern portion of Elwood, north of the Little Vermilion, and\\norganized a church there in 1842, called Liberty Church. Foster Elli-\\nott and wife, Alexander Campbell and wife, Andrew Davis and wife,\\nMrs. Kiturah Whitloek, Mrs. Baldwin and James Walls, were among\\nthe first members. Messrs. Elliott, Campbell and Davis were the first\\nelders. The old log meeting-house was built on Foster Elliott s land\\nin 1843, and stood about half a mile southwest of the present church.\\nThe present edifice 36 x42, was built in 1871, and cost twelve hundred\\nand fifty dollars. The membership now numbers sixty-five. Robert\\nKilgore, Thomas Hepburn and Hogan Campbell are the present elders.\\nThe names of those who have served the church as pastor or stated\\nsupply are Rev. James Ashmore, Rev. A. Whitloek, Mr. Vandeventer,\\nJ. W. Jordan, James McFerren, H. Van Dyn, and again Mr. Ashmore.\\nThis church early contained many of those whose names are held in\\nkind remembrance for their manly virtues and rugged characters; men\\nand women who struggled to make this town a fit home for themselves\\nand their children, and to make life a growth in grace. It was the pio-\\nneer church of this denomination in this corner of the county, and as\\nsuch has clustered around it many pleasant recollections and interesting\\nremembrances. Few of those who here plighted their christian vows at\\nthat early day are left to enjoy the fruits on earth of well-spent lives,\\nbut such as they are, receive the honor and love of those who come\\nafter them.\\nThe Yankee Point Cumberland Church was organized by Father\\nAshmore on the 5th of November, 1853. In the words of the organ-\\nizer: The devil helped to build up this church. This expression,\\ntaken alone without explanation, would tend to throw discredit upon\\nthe church, or give undue importance to his Satanic Majesty in the\\nmissionary work. During a time of fervent religious feelings, Mr.\\nAshmore was holding his meetings in the school-house, and not to in-\\nterrupt the school they were held during the noon hour. One of the\\ndirectors, in the name of the state, forbade the continuance of the meet-\\nings, but whether at the instigation of the Evil One, this writer at this\\ndistance of time, and in the absence of a commission to take evidence\\nas to his bodily presence upon that occasion, is not exactly prepared to\\nstate. The congregation and the evangelist accepted the situation,\\nand proceeded to the house of James Thompson, which was gladly\\nthrown open to the cause, and the next day Mr. Ashmore had put into", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0686.jp2"}, "687": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 583\\nhis hands a deed for a lot upon which to build a house of worship, and a\\nsubscription to build it. The people made quick work, both of organ-\\nizing and building. William Shirk, William Golden, Arthur Patter-\\nson and James Long were chosen elders, and Isaac McPherson and\\nWilliam Carmichael, deacons. The membership was fifty to commence\\nwith, and embraced many names of the Thompsons, Pattersons, Gold-\\nens, Longs, McClurgs, Hendersons, Walls, Hilyards and others. Of\\nthe members, five entered the ministry. Allen Whitlock and his two\\nbrothers (James and Thomas), Elam Golden and J. H. Millholland.\\nJames Ashmore and Allen Whitlock preached for this church twenty\\nyears, and were followed by Revs. W. O. Smith, L. P. Detheridge,\\nJonathan Cooley, Mr. Groves and G. W. Montgomery. The church\\nnumbers seventy. The present elders are, A. H. Thompson, Isaac\\nEmory, John Shires and J. R. Baldwin. The sabbath school numbers\\nthirty-five members and five teachers. Amos Millholland is superin-\\ntendent. Of those who went into the minister from this church, Rev.\\nAllen Whitlock, after a faithful service of more than twenty years, was\\ncalled up higher; Rev. James Whitlock lives in Georgetown, and Rev.\\nThomas Whitlock in Homer both engaged in the active work of the\\nchristian ministry. The church building stands on the south line of\\nsection 22, almost in the exact geographical center of the township.\\nThe old Gilead Church, of the same denomination, was organized\\nby Father Ashmore soon after, probably in 1854, near the south-\\neastern corner of the township. A log meeting-house was built, and\\nin 1872 the present neat edifice, 40 x 60, was built at a cost of $1,600.\\nThis is sometimes known as the Quaker Point Church. The uew\\nchurch was built under the management of J. M. Kendall, Levi Long\\nand J. Hunrichouse. Mr. James Long was one of the leading spirits\\nin building up the early church, and with C. Tan Dyn and his son,\\nand Thomas Thompson, was an elder. The church numbers about fifty,\\nand has always been strong and active. Rev. Henry Van Dyn and\\nRev. H. H. Ashmore have, in addition to Rev. J. Ashmore, each min-\\nistered to this church very acceptably during seven years each.\\nThe neat frame church on the state road, a mile north of Vermilion\\nGrove station, was built by the Cumberland Presbyterians in 1872,\\nwhile Rev. Allen Whitlock was pastor. It was organized in 1870, and\\ncalled Sharon Church. The church prospered greatly under Mr.\\nWhitlock, who was a man of exemplary, earnest christian character,\\nactive in the work of his Master, and free from narrow sectarian-\\nism. Aaron Glycke, Henry Canaday and Benjamin Hester were active\\nin building up the church. A friend iy christian spirit of unison has\\nmarked the feeling which has existed between the members and the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0687.jp2"}, "688": {"fulltext": "584 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nFriends, who frequently unite in the meetings and often occupy the\\nbuilding- for their services. A Sabbath-school has been maintained\\nirregularly.\\nIn looking over the church history, the writer finds that due credit\\nhas not been given to the services of Father Hill, who was the first\\nminister of the Cumberland Church here, and who preceded Rev.\\nJames Ashmore, and greatly assisted him in the work of organizing\\nthis field. His early services are remembered by the older settlers,\\nand he is spoken of by all who remember him as a devoted and active\\nchristian worker.\\nThe Cumberland Church, at the village of Ridge Farm, was organ-\\nized by Rev. H. H. Ashmore in 1854. Jefferson Hilyard, Andrew\\nPage, Samuel Stiles, Win, Canaday, John Clark and Owen Watson\\nwere active members in organizing and building the church, which\\nwas erected in 1856. The Whitlocks, Smith and the Ashmores have\\nministered to this church. It is not now in successful spiritual con-\\ndition, and its church edifice looks as though its walls would soon\\nneed rebuilding.\\nThe Friends meeting at Ridge Farm was set up in 1873. They\\noccupied the Cumberland Church for worship for a time, and built a\\nneat and commodious brick meeting-house in 1874.\\nIn closing this sketch of the churches of Elwood, the reader who\\nhas followed it through must have been struck, as the writer was, with\\nthe wonderful religious zeal and christian enterprise which not only\\nactuated the early, but has flown down through inhabitants of a later\\ndate. The township is spattered all over with churches, and so great\\nis the unanimity of religious sentiment, so general the disposition to\\nmaintain the institutions of religion, that there are none too many.\\nTwelve live churches in a single township, with their religious zeal\\nwell maintained, one would judge must have had an abiding influence\\nfor good which will last through all time. It will readily be believed that\\nElwood has not filled the jails or the poor-houses. It has been what\\nthose devoted old Quakers who first settled it hoped it would be, a\\nlight set upon a hill. From the very earliest day it has been a bright\\nspot, and no one is in any doubt wiry.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nThe first school taught in this township, and indeed in the county,\\nwas taught by Reuben Black, who came here from Ohio, a lad of eigh-\\nteen years, in the winter of 1824-5. It was in a log house one mile\\nwest of Vermilion station. John Mills sent three sons and one\\ndaughter: Ira, Milican, John and Rebecca; Joseph Jackson, an Eng-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0688.jp2"}, "689": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 585\\nIrishman, sent two children Nathan and Mary Ezekiel Hollings-\\nworth sent four children Jeremiah, Miles, Mahundry and John\\nHenry Canaday sent one: William; John Haworth sent three:\\nThomas, David and Elvin fourteen in all. The branches taught were\\nspelling, reading and writing, and some of the older ones were in\\narithmetic. The second school was taught by Elijah Yager, a Meth-\\nodist minister from East Tennessee, two years later, in a cabin one mile\\nnortheast of Vermilion station. He introduced common arithmetic\\nand declamation. He was a talented man for the times, and made very\\ngood use of his abilities. The third was taught by Henry Fletcher the\\nfollowing summer. Elisha Hobbs took the school in 1831, and gave a\\nstimulus to education which never lost ground, through many years\\nand their changes, up to 1849, when the citizens found themselves with\\na school-house sixteen feet square and six feet and a half between joints.\\nThe district got up a subscription to build a new house, but could not\\nraise enough. In this juncture, William Canaday, David and Elvin\\nHaworth, put their heads together, and, getting the subscription paper\\nwith their names on into their possession, destroyed it, and, with their\\npurses and a will, with the generous help of some of the neighbors,\\nthey built, in the summer of 1850, the seminary building, 30x52, with\\ntwo recitation rooms, and supplied with proper desks and furniture.\\nThey employed J. M. Davis as principal, and school opened with one\\nhundred and ten students. The following branches were taught:\\ngeograph} algebra, chemistry, geometry, surveying, history, miner-\\nalogy, philosophy, reading, spelling, elocution, domestic economy and\\nLatin. Mr. Davis continued as principal five years. He was a man of\\ngreat energy and tact; it is rarely we find a better, even at this day.\\nThe standard of education was kept high, and a great work was done\\nwhere it was most needed. Of the men who founded this school too\\nmuch cannot be said. William Canaday had seven sons who were\\neducated here; David Haworth had eight, seven of whom are active\\nworkers in the Christian Church so that they can feel that they got a\\nrich return for the money they expended. The Vermilion Academy of\\nto-day is really the continuation of the old seminary, which disappeared\\nwith the advent of free schools. It was established in 1873. A people s\\nendowment of $10,000 was raised. William Rees, John Henderson,\\nRichard Mendenhall, John Elliott, Jonah M. Davis and Elvin Haworth\\nwere constituted trustees. John Henderson was elected president of\\nthe board. A building was erected, 46x60, two stories, brick, at a\\ncost of $8,000. It is the aim of the trustees to teach all the branches\\nusually taught in any of the high schools of the country. It is a\\nreligious school in the sense of being under christian influences, but", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0689.jp2"}, "690": {"fulltext": "586 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nnot sectarian. It will accommodate three hundred pupils. Prof. John\\nChauner has charge of the institution. He is a graduate of the Uni-\\nversity of Michigan, and has made a very creditable record as an edu-\\ncator in Indiana and Iowa. The academy presents a healthy, quiet\\nhome, free from the influences which are a snare to the feet of the\\nyoung, as well as all the advantages of higher education, and is in\\ncharge of earnest men, who believe in education.\\nBelow is the record of annual town meetings and the election of the\\nprincipal officers from the date of township organization\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1851 John Canaday. .J. W. Thompson. .E. Campbell. .William Price.\\n1852 Abram Smith J. W. Thompson. .E. Campbell. .William Price.\\n1853 D. Ankrum J. W. Thompson. .John Haworth. .William Price.\\n1854 Granville Pugh J. W. Thompson. .J. S. Graham. .E. Campbell.\\n1855 Thomas Haworth. .J. W. Thompson. .Erasmus Taylor. William Price.\\n1856. .170. J. W. Parker Joel G. Dicken. .Erasmus Taylor. Erasmus Taylor.\\n1857. ..101. .J. W. Parker James Whitlock. ,J. Goodwin J. Goodwin.\\n1858. .248. .J. W. Parker Samuel Weeks. .H. H. Ashmore.H. H. Ashmore.\\n1859. .277. ..H. H. Ashmore Samuel Weeks J. Goodwin J. Goodwin.\\n1860. .217. .H. H. Ashmore John Hester J. Goodwin J. Goodwin.\\n1861. .259. .Elvin Haworth .F. B. Hilyard Samuel Weeks Samuel Weeks.\\n1862. .257. .Elvin Haworth .Samuel Weeks E. Campbell. .E. Campbell.\\n1863. .307. .Elvin Haworth T. J. Hilyard Allen Whitlock. Allen Whitlock.\\n1864. .174. .Elvin Haworth J. W. Thompson .Samuel Weeks. .Samuel Weeks.\\n1865. .245. .R. H. Davis J. S. Graham H. H. Ashmore.H. H. Ashmore.\\n1866. .205. .Elvin Haworth .James Quinn Samuel Weeks. .Samuel Weeks.\\n1867. .205. .Elvin Haworth .James Quinn Samuel Weeks. .Samuel Weeks.\\n1868. .213. .Elvin Haworth .James Quinn Samuel Weeks. .Samuel Weeks.\\n1869. .162. .Elvin Haworth .D. S. Dicken W. R. Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1870... 176... Elvin Haworth ....D. S. Dicken W. R. Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1871... 212... R. H. Davis James Quinn W.R.Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1872... 178... R.H. Davis James Quinn W. R. Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1873... 241... John C. Pierce James Quinn W.R.Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1874... 301... John C. Pierce W. C. Hollowell. .W. R. Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1875. .306. .John C. Pierce W. C. Hollowell. .Allen Whitlock .W. R. Cook.\\n1876... 348... John C. Pierce W. C. Hollowell. .W. R. Cook W. R. Cook.\\n1877... 382... R. H. Davis H. F. Dice W. R. Cook B. F. Leach.\\n1878... 352... John C. Pierce H. F. Dice Levi Rees B. F. Leach.\\n1879. .576. .R. H. Davis W. T. Stogsdill .Levi Rees B. F. Leach.\\nThe justices of the peace elected were J. G. Thompson, Abram\\nSmith, J. C. Dicken, J. W. Thompson, William Alexander, Samuel\\nCampbell, A. M. Campbell, L. Parker, Richard Henderson, Granville\\nPugh, H. V. Monett, L. T. Ellis, James Quinn, J. S. Whitlock, J. M.\\nMendenhall, J. C. Pierce.\\nThe following commissioners of highways have been elected Gran-\\nville Pugh, Nelson Davis, T. N. Galyen, W. A. Thompson, James\\nRees, Allen Lewis, Isaac C. Madden, Ira Mills, Jesse Jones, J. B. Long,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0690.jp2"}, "691": {"fulltext": "BLWOOD TOWNSHIP. 587\\nJohn Fletcher, Elias JSTewlin, John Folger, W. S. Rice, J. C. Dicken,\\nL. Reynolds, James Shires, Henry Canaday, J. G. Thompson, J. M.\\nKendall, Alexander Whinrey, Robert Hester, Moses Reed, F. C. Rees,\\nJohn Hester, Thomas E. Cook, James Baldwin, Richard Mendenhall,\\nI. G. Jones.\\nIn 1857 the vote for establishing Homer county, was 1 to 189\\nagainst. In 1858 the vote for Hog Law was 18 to 142 against. In\\n1863 the vote for a system of bridges was 3 to 300 against. In 1867\\na special town meeting was held to vote for or against levying a tax of\\n3-| per centum in aid of building the Chicago, Danville Vincennes\\nrailroad, at which 187 votes were cast for said levy to 26 against. In\\n1870 the vote in favor of extending the time required for the comple-\\ntion of the railroad stood 21 for to 8 against such extension. In 1878\\nthe vote in favor of requiring each township to support its own paupers\\nstood 293 for, to 17 against said proposition.\\nFrom the annual report of George A. Dice, township treasurer of\\nschools, the following figures are taken, for township 17, 11, and frac-\\ntion of 17, 10\\nNumber of school-houses brick, 2; frame, 9, 11\\nNumber of districts 11\\nNumber of children under 21 1 ,064\\nNumber of children between 6 and 21 703\\nNumber of children enrolled in school 631\\nNumber of teachers 20\\nAverage number of months taught 6J^\\nAmount of school fund $5,000\\nAmount paid teachers $2,925\\nGross amount paid out $4,101\\nRIDGE FARM.\\nThe original town of Ridge Farm was platted for record on the\\n10th of November, 1853, by Abraham Smith, and consisted of thirteen\\nlots, beginning ten feet west of the west side of the state road, and\\neight feet south of the county road. The same year, Thomas Haworth\\nlaid out and recorded an addition west of the state road and north of\\nthe county road. On the 27th of February, 1856, Thomas Haworth\\nlaid out his second addition of seventeen lots. On the 1st of Decem-\\nber, 1854, J. W. Thompson laid out his first addition east of the state\\nroad and south of the county road, eight lots: and in August, 1856,\\nhis second addition, thirty-two lots. On the 11th of April, 1856, A.\\nSmith platted his addition, six lots. On the 25th of March, 1857, T.\\nHaworth his third and fourth additions. In November, 1872, A. B.\\nWhinrey laid out an addition of two blocks at the railroad. On the\\n5th of April, 1873, R. H. Davis platted his subdivision of section", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0691.jp2"}, "692": {"fulltext": "588 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthirty. In April, 1872, J. H. Banta platted his addition of four blocks,\\neast of the railroad and on the 15th of April, 1873, H. C. Smith\\nplatted an addition east of the state road.\\nSoon after the town was laid out, Mr. Smith built a store near\\nwhere the store of Mr. Darnall now stands, and Samuel Weeks put up\\na blacksmith-shop where Marion Harrold s store stands. Thomas\\nHaworth built a store where Tuttle s tinshop is, and rented it. John\\nDicken built a tavern on the corner where Davis Dice have a store.\\nIt was afterward moved back, and now stands there, being the rear of\\nthe store. James Frazier built the front part to it, and kept hotel a\\nwhile, and then Josiah Smith kept it a while. I. M. Davis converted\\nthe building into a store. Ephraim Goodwin, in 1857, built a little\\nstore which he occupied as a confectioner} on the east side of the\\nstreet, and William Canaday continued the business for a while.\\nWeeks Price, about the same time, put up the building on the\\nnorthwest corner for a drug store.\\nThere are none of the early business men now in business here.\\nRobert Mills is the oldest resident, and A. B. Whinrey the oldest\\nbusiness man. He commenced here as a blacksmith in 1855. He\\nu graduated with honor, and became a merchant. The same success\\nfollowed him, and he has continued in business. He is now engaged\\nin the grain trade. He has from almost the beginning of business here\\nbeen identified with the business and growth of the place, and seems\\nto have been more than ordinarily successful in his enterprises. He is\\na man of good judgment and excellent business habits.\\nMr. Geo. A. Dice, though still a young man, has been long in active\\nbusiness here. His mother, then a widow, with a family of small chil-\\ndren dependent on her, lived in East Tennessee, the home of the hardy\\nmountaineer Unionists, when rebellion lifted its hydra-headed form all\\nover the fair south, except in this favored home of freedom. As soon\\nas it was known that Tennessee had, contrary to the popular vote of\\nher citizens, been forced into an attitude hostile to the Union, Mrs.\\nDice gathered what little she had movable, and, taking her children,\\nfled from the home of her childhood and came here to live. She was\\nnearly destitute of worldly goods, but, with a stout heart, she deter-\\nmined to bring her two boys up under the old flag, come what would.\\nShe was soon appointed postmistress, and her oldest son, George, for\\nsome years managed the affairs of the office in an acceptable manner,\\nshowing the careful, accurate business traits which have since marked\\nhis business career. He afterward formed a business partnership with\\nMr. Davis, and manages the extensive business affairs of the firm. He\\nis also townsjiip treasurer of schools, and is a systematic business man.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0692.jp2"}, "693": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 589\\nWith the building of the railroad in 1873-4 business increased, and\\nsome branches fonnd locations near the depot. The steam mill which\\nis located there was built by the Davis Brothers at that time. It has\\nthree run of stone, and is a first-class mill in every respect. It was\\npurchased by Banta Coppock, and is now run by Banta Darnall.\\nSeveral stores and some other business operations are carried on there,\\nbut the principal mercantile houses are still on the original town at\\nthe crossing of the state road and county road.\\nThe following have been the postmasters of Ridge Farm: A. Smith,\\nJ. S. Rice, Samuel Weeks, Mrs. Dice and Jennie Smith.\\nThere are several good residences in the village.\\nThe school-house was erected in 1875, is a large and well-propor-\\ntioned brick building, and is well arranged and neatly furnished. The\\nschool is graded, having four departments, with one teacher for each\\ndepartment. The high school is in charge of Mr. W. H. Chamberlin,\\nwho has for three years past successfully acted as principal. Miss\\nFlorence Newlin is in charge of the grammar department, Mrs. Mary\\nH. Lane the intermediate, and Miss Whitlock the primary. The\\nschool is in charge of a board of directors consisting of R. H. Davis,\\npresident W. N. Barklay, and A. J. Darnall, Secretary. These gen-\\ntlemen have performed the exacting duties consequent upon their offi-\\ncial position in a way which has added to the efficiency of the school,\\nand fulfilled an important public trust in a most acceptable manner.\\nIf the theory is correct that the school is, in a great measure, an indica-\\ntion of our progressive civilization, the citizens of Ridge Farm may be\\ncongratulated on being in the advanced guard.\\nINCORPORATION.\\nA petition for the incorporation of the village under the general\\nincorporation act, signed by Uriah Fladley and others, was filed in the\\ncounty court on the 3d of March, 1874. The petition proposed the\\nfollowing limits to the village The southwest quarter of section 30\\nand the northwest quarter of section 31, town 17, range 11, and the\\nsoutheast quarter of section 25, and the northeast quarter of section 36,\\ntown 17, range 12, embracing one mile square of territory and it set\\nforth that there were within the said limits three hundred and fifty\\ninhabitants. The court ordered an election to be held at the store of\\nJ. C. Pierce on the 21st of March, 1874, to vote upon the question of\\nincorporation. George H. Dice, R. H. Davis and J. H. Banta were\\nappointed judges of the election. At that election 51 votes were cast,\\n49 for incorporation and 2 against it. The court ordered an election\\nto be held on the 22d of April to vote for six trustees tO serve until", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0693.jp2"}, "694": {"fulltext": "5!t0 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe regular election in course under the law. At this election 58 votes\\nwere cast. J. H. Banta received 54 M. A. Harold, 32 T. C. Rees,\\n31 A. J. Darnall, 45 A. B. Whinrey, 53 Moses Lewis and J. D.\\nHarrold, each 25. There seemed to be no doubt of the election of the\\nfirst five named above, but just who the sixth trustee was became an\\nexciting question in the local politics of the Ridge. Returning boards\\nand high-joint commissions, composed of a motley glomeration of su-\\npreme courts and senates, had not then been invented. Neither one\\nof the candidates would pay a nickel for a certificate even supposing\\nthe election board had been in the market there was no provision in\\nthe law for drawing straws, and if a game of draw-poker had been\\neligible to decide it, neither of the contestants were adepts in that.\\nThe Ridge was in an agitated state of equanimity, of undeniable un-\\nrest. Word reached Danville that the good people of the particular\\nsquare mile of territory, in the throes of birth, had made a kind of a\\nmiscalculation, and that having voted to corporate they could not cor-\\nporate until some one could be found to tell them who was that sixth\\nman. It was a knotty question, but Judge Hanford, the personifica-\\ntion of blind justice, was at last able to cut the Gordian knot. He\\ncited Moses and John before his court (sheriff s fees, five dollars, which\\nwere duly paid) to plead, answer or demur, and show cause why each\\none had conspired to block the wheels of incorporation at Ridge Farm,\\nduty ordered by said court, in persisting to receive each an equal num-\\nber of votes. The court looked severe, and ordered the two recalci-\\ntrants to stand up and draw straws. Lewis got the long straw and\\nwas duly declared the victor, and the waiting village w r as ushered into\\ncorporate being. It is related that both parties paid their own ex-\\npenses to Danville and back without grumbling, which speaks well of\\ntheir good bearing under trying circumstances.\\nOn the 1st of May the Board of Trustees, now safely relieved from\\nimpending ruin, organized by electing A. J. Darnall, president, and\\nT. C. Rees, clerk. They adopted a set of ordinances and fixed the\\ncompensation of officers: Trustees to have one dollar per meeting;\\ntreasurer, one per centum collector^ two per centum, and assessor one\\ndollar and fifty cents per day. The offices of collector and assessor\\nwere afterward dispensed with. At the regular election in 1875, the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2following were elected: M. A. Harrold, president; A. B. Whinrey,\\nA. M. Mills, C. Lewis, S. Haworth and H. R. Craven, trustees; T. C.\\nRees, police magistrate; James Quinn, clerk; E. Goodwin, constable.\\nIn 1876: S. Haworth, president, and the other members of the Board\\nthe same as the preceding year; A. J. Darnall was elected treasurer.\\nIn 1877: A. M. Mills, president; W. N. Barklay, H. R. Craven, S.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0694.jp2"}, "695": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 591\\nHa worth, C. Pickard and T. C. Bradfield, trustees; W. H. Flood,\\nclerk, and A. J. Darnall, treasurer. In 1878: R. H. Davis, president;\\nH. R. Craven, M. A. Harrold, J. H. Southern, W. N Barklay and\\nGeorge A. Dice, trustees; the clerk and treasurer remaining the same.\\nIn 1879: A. A. Sulcer, president; R. H. Davis, J. D. Henslee, J. C.\\nBanm, H. R. Craven and W. N Barklay, trustees; H. F. Dice, clerk;\\nW. H. Flood, police magistrate.\\nThe Ridge Farm Lodge, No. 632, A.F. A.M., was instituted on the\\n2d of October, 1868, with the following officers and original members\\nJonah Hole, W.M.; W. Harris, S.W.; M. A. Harrold, J.W.; Geo. F.\\nCutler, secretary; J. Larrance, treasurer; John Guffin, S.D.; C. C.\\nPaxon, J.D.; J. D. Harrold, Tyler M.L. Larrance, George A. Dice,\\nS. Haworth, J. W. McGee, J. B. Ensey, Johnson Ross and Wm. Gled-\\nhill. The following have served the lodge as Masters: W. Harris, A.\\nA. Sulcer and George A. Dice. The present officers are: George A.\\nDice, W.M.; Isaac Woodard, S.W.; James P. Fletcher, J.W.; W. N.\\nBarklay, S.D.; J. D. Harrold, J.D.; W. C. Holloway, secretary; A. L.\\nAnkrum, treasurer C. A. Foster and W. T. Watson, stewards. The\\nlodge is in prosperous condition. It meets first and third Saturdays of\\neach month.\\nVERMILION GROVE.\\nVermilion Grove is an unincorporated village on the railroad, two\\nmiles north of Ridge Farm. It is located where the Haworths and\\nCanadays made their first settlement, almost sixty years ago, where\\nstands the successor of the first church or meeting-house built in the\\ncounty, and the successor of the first school established in the county,\\naccounts of both of which the reader will find under the appropriate\\nheadings. Many hallowed and precious memories cluster around this\\nfavored spot. Two only, it is believed, of the original settlers both\\nyoung then, of course remain here now: Elvin Haworth and\\nWilliam Canaday, now honored and respected old men, of whom it\\nmay be said they have never permitted private interests to take pre-\\ncedence of duty to God or their fellow men. In 1876, Elvin Haworth\\nplatted for record a subdivision of the southeast quarter of section 13,\\nupon which the village is built. It was called Vermilion until the\\nrailroad was built. When the post-office was established in 1873 it\\nwas found necessary to change the name to Vermilion Grove, in con-\\nsequence of there being a post-office named Vermilion, in the state.\\nJonathan Stafford commenced mercantile business here in 1873. He\\nsoon after sold to J. Gibson, who carried on business here for some\\ntime and sold to William Brown, and a year later repurchased the\\nbusiness and continues in trade. He is also engaged in the manufac-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0695.jp2"}, "696": {"fulltext": "f 92 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntare of tiles, employing five hands. He uses the Tecuinseh machine.\\nElmore Rees and Elvin Haworth have saw-mills, which manufacture\\nconsiderable lumber. The Vermilion Academy is located here, and\\nthere are several very neat residences.\\nThe town of Munroe was laid out by Messrs. Mayrield and J. C.\\nHaworth, in 1836, on section 36 (17-11). They made a sale of lots at\\nthat time and a few were disposed of, but it has gone back, and the\\nlocality is now known by the name of Bethel. The union church of\\nthe Methodists and Presbyterians is located there.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nFrederick Canaday, Vermilion Grove, farmer, was born in Jefferson\\ncounty, Tennessee, on the 27th of January, 1804, and was raised a\\nfarmer, which occupation he has followed successfully through life.\\nHe was one of the pioneers of the county, coming here in 1820, and\\nsharing with the few settlers of that early da} 7 the hardships of a pio-\\nneer life. Mr. Canaday is considered one of Vermilion county s best\\ncitizens. He has been very charitable in donating for benevolent pur-\\nposes. He was married in Tennessee in 1828, to Charity Haworth,\\nwho also was born in Tennessee, and is now deceased. They are the\\nparents of ten children, eight living Jane, Matilda, William, Mary A.,\\nHenry, Isaac, Sarah and John. Mr. Canaday was then married to\\nAnna Haworth, in 1849. There were but two settlers in this part of\\nthe county when he came here, and he was the oldest settler who\\nattended the old settlers meeting at Danville in the fall of 1878.\\nHe owns nine hundred and thirty acres of fine land. He is a republi-\\ncan, and belongs to the Friends church.\\nElvin Haworth, Vermilion Grove, farmer and stock-dealer, section\\n13, was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, on the 9th of April, 1815,\\nand was raised to the occupation of a farmer. He came to this state\\nwith his father in the year 1822, and settled on section 13, near where\\nhe now lives. His father remained here until his death, in 1863, at\\nwhich time he was eighty-five years old. His wife died five days pre-\\nvious. The subject of this sketch had but little of this world s goods\\nwith which to commence life, but by industry, economy and perse-\\nverance he has acquired a good property of two hundred and forty -five\\nacres of land, which he has made mostly by handling cattle. He has been\\nvery liberal in his donations for benevolent purposes, giving five hun-\\ndred dollars at one time for the Friends Academy at Vermilion Grove.\\nHe has held the office of supervisor of township nine years. Mr.\\nHaworth was married in 1874 to Elmeda Stanly, who was born in Iro-\\nquois county, Illinois, in 1840, and died in 1875. They had two", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0696.jp2"}, "697": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 593\\ninfants, now deceased. He is a republican, and belongs to the Friends\\nchurch.\\nJohn Folger, Ridge Farm, farmer, and minister of the Friends church,\\nsection 25, was born in this county on the 19th of September, 1829, his\\nfather being one of the pioneers of this county, settling here in 1829,\\nhence he shared the hardships of a pioneer life. He went to school in\\nthe winter, and afterward attended Vermilion Grove Academy one\\nterm, and then attended Bloomingdale two terms. He was married on\\nthe 14th of September, 1853. His wife was born in Parke county,\\nIndiana, on the 18th of August, 1831. They are the parents of nine\\nchildren, eight living: Alonzo, Julius Adelphus, Romania, Ida E.,\\nRachel E., Clara T. and Lottie R. Mr. Folger has held the office of\\nschool treasurer for ten j^ears. His father was a native of North Caro-\\nlina, and his mother was born on the island of Nantucket. Mr. Folger s\\nwife is a member of Friends church. He is a republican in politics.\\nM. L. Larrance, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 35, was born in Jeffer-\\nson county, Tennessee, on the 9th of May, 1818, and was raised to the\\noccupation of a farmer, at which he has had a life-long experience. He\\ncame with his father to this state in the fall of 1827, being among the\\nearly settlers of the county. The subject of this sketch was married in\\nthis state in 1840, to Nancy Mendenhall, who was born in Ohio in\\n1819. They had by this union thirteen children, nine living:. John,\\nWilliam, Betsy, Emily, Richard, Charity J., David, Lydia B. and Far-\\nris. The deceased were Joseph and three infants. Mr. Larrance is a\\nwell-to-do farmer, well respected by all with whom he is acquainted.\\nHis parents were natives of North Carolina. His political vieM^s are\\nrepublican, and he is a member of the Friends church.\\nJames Rees, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 24, was born in Greene\\ncounty, Tennessee, and came to this state in 1830. He has followed\\nthe occupation of a farmer through life. He commenced the nur-\\nsery business in 1854, which he continued to follow successfully for\\na number of years, furnishing a great many valuable trees, this proving\\nto be a great advantage to the county. Mr. Rees has been twice mar-\\nried first in 1838, to Elizabeth Dillen, who was born in Tennessee, and\\nis now deceased. He was then married, in 1844, to Jemima Dillen, a\\nsister of his former wife, also born in Tennessee. Mr. Rees has been\\nthe father of eight children, four living. He has taught school about\\nten years altogether, and is regarded as one of Vermilion s best citizens.\\nHe is a republican, and belongs to the Friends church. He owns one\\nhundred and sixty acres, worth fifty dollars per acre.\\nGranville Pugh, Long, farmer and stock-dealer, section 36, was born\\nin Jefferson county, Ohio, on the 2d of February, 1824. and has been\\n38", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0697.jp2"}, "698": {"fulltext": "594 HISTORY OF VE11MILION COUNTY.\\na practical tanner through lite. He came with his father to this state\\nin 1830, settling on the Little Vermilion River. He moved, with his\\nfather, to the place where he now lives in 1836, and here he has re-\\nsided since. Mr. Pngh has held the office of school director thirty\\nyears. He was elected justice of the peace one term, which office he\\nhonorably tilled. He was reelected, but would not serve. He was\\nalso supervisor of the township. He was married on the 31st of\\nMay, 1856, to Lydia Thompson. She was born in Parke county.\\nIndiana, on the 7th of March, 1835. The} 7 are the parents of nine\\nchildren, eight living: John J., Isaac N., Ezra K., Harris J., Monroe,\\nHoward, Jane E. and Lydia D. The deceased was an infant. Mr.\\nPugh s father was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother, of Mary-\\nland. His political views are republican, and he belongs to the Friends\\nchurch.\\nThomas C. Pees, Ridge Farm, cabinet-maker, was born in this\\ncounty on the 27th of July, 1833, and was raised on a farm until\\ntwenty years of age. He learned the wagon-maker s trade, which\\noccupation he followed until 1878, since which time he has been work-\\ning at the cabinet trade. Mr. Rees has been three times married first,\\non the 21st of April, 1856, to Sarah A. Bales, who was born on the\\n3d of March, 1833, and died on the 14th of September, 1857. They\\nhad by this union one child, who is now deceased. He was then mar-\\nried on the 20th of March, 1860. This wife was born in this county\\non the 2d of September, 1834, and died on the 15th of March, 1867.\\nThey had by this union three children Mary, born on the 10th of\\nNovember, 1861; Ella, born on the 10th of May, 1864; Charles, born\\non the 10th of November, 1S66. Mr. Rees was then united to Charity\\nMendenhall on the 10th of November, 1871. She, too, was born in this\\ncounty on the 4th of November, 1835. They are the parents of four\\nchildren by this union Marcus J., Marion A., Frances M., one infant\\ndeceased. Mr. Rees is a republican, and a member of the Friends\\nchurch.\\nEnoch Brady, Ridge Farm, miller, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 16th of December, 1834. He was brought up a\\nfarmer. He ran a threshing-machine for thirty years in succession,\\nand at one time sheared one hundred head of sheep in twelve hours.\\nMr. Brady enlisted in the late war, and went forward to battle for the\\nUnion. He enlisted in 1862 as private in Co. A, 79th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nand served one year; was discharged in consequence of disability in\\n1863. He reenlisted in 1865 in Co. E, 150th 111. Vol. Inf., and served\\none year. He was promoted to corporal. Mr. Brady has held the\\noffice of constable twelve vears. He was married on the 22d of March,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0698.jp2"}, "699": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP.\\n1864, to Martha Dicken, who was born in this county on the 14th of\\nDecember, 1848. They had by this union four children, one living:\\nCharles; and the names of the deceased are Richard, Marion H. and\\nMary II. Mr. Brady s father was a native of South Carolina, and his\\nmother, of Indiana. His political views are republican, and in his\\nreligious views he is liberal.\\nUriah Folger, Ridge Farm, fanner and minister, section 30, was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 23d of April, 1834, and\\nspent his early days on a farm. His father was a tanner by trade, and\\none of the pioneers of this county, having come here in 1829. Hence,\\nhe helped to change it from a wilderness to its present prosperous\\ncondition. The subject of this sketch was married on the 10th of De-\\ncember, 1858, to Edith C. Dillen, who, too, was born in this county.\\nHe is a man well respected by all who know him. They are both\\nmembers of the Friends church. His political views are republican.\\nJohnathan Larrance, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 35, was born in\\nthis county on the 7th of June, 1834. His father died when he was\\nbut three years of age, and he was left to the care of his mother. Mr.\\nLarrance was married on the 5th of December, 1862, to Hannah A.\\nMcGee, who was born in Ohio in 1837. They had seven children by\\nthis union, six living: Perry M., John C, Alice, Laura, Mark and\\nMartha. The name of the deceased is Marion. Mr. Larrance had no\\nproperty when he first married but, by good management and hard\\nlabor, he now owns two hundred and ninety-five acres of good land.\\nHe belongs to the Freemasons; is a republican, and a member of the\\nFriends church.\\nAdam M. Mills,- Ridge Farm, lumber dealer, was born in this county,\\non the 7th of December, 1834, and was raised on a farm until twenty-\\nthree years of age, at which time he commenced clerking in a store one\\nyear; then commenced buying and shipping cattle, which he continued\\nat intervals until 1868, at which time he went into the mill business.\\nThis he continued until he went into the lumber trade, in 1873. His\\nfather was one of the pioneers of the county, coming here in an early\\nday. Mr. Mills was married on the 22d of March, 1876, to Cynthelia\\nWall, who was born in this county in 1840. They have by this union\\none child: Frank, born on the 10th of August, 1877. Mr. Mills has\\nheld the office of village trustee. He is a republican, and a member of\\nthe Friends church.\\nAVilliam F. Dubre, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 26, was born in\\nClark county, Illinois, on the 3d of March, 1836, and raised on a farm.\\nHe has followed that occupation through life. Mr. Dubre came to this\\ncounty in 1854, and settled in Pilot Grove, where he has since resided.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0699.jp2"}, "700": {"fulltext": "596 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHe was married in this state, on the 12th of September, 1861, to Sarah\\nFolger, who was born in this county on the 19th of January, 1836.\\nThey are the parents of eight children, four of whom are living:\\nRosetta, Oscar, Allen and Hattie; deceased: Nelson R., Harry, Elisa-\\nbeth, and one infant. The parents of Mr. Dubre were natives of Ohio\\nand Illinois, and those of his wife, of North Carolina and the island of\\nNantucket. He is a republican, and belongs to the Friends church.\\nJohn Fletcher, Ridge Farm, farmer and stock-dealer, section 33, was\\nborn in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 20th of Ma} r 1815, and was raised\\nto the occupation of a farmer, which he has followed successfully\\nthrough life. He moved with his father to this state in 1836, and set-\\ntled near Vermilion Grove, where he remained until 1839, and then\\nmoved to Pilot Grove. Mr. Fletcher was one of the pioneers of this\\ncounty, hence he knows something of the hardships of a pioneer life.\\nHe is considered one of the better citizens of Vermilion, is straight in\\nall his dealings, and well respected by all. Mr. Fletcher has been\\ntwice married first to Rachel Ruth, on the 19th of October, 1835, who\\nwas born in Ohio in 1815, and died on the 15th of September, 1862.\\nThey had by this union seven children, six of whom are living: Sarah,\\nHenry, Mary A., J. W. F., Armanda, and James P. The deceased was\\nWilliam. He was then married, in 1864, to Lydia Haworth, who was\\nborn in Tennessee. Mr. Fletcher s father came to America in 1793,\\nfrom Ireland. He had no property when he first moved, but by in-\\ndustry, hard labor and economy has acquired a good property of two\\nhundred and thirty acres of fine land. He has given considerable prop-\\nerty to his children. He held at one time five hundred and forty acres\\nof land. He is a republican, and belongs to the Friends church.\\nLevi F. Long, Long, farmer, section 31, was born in this county, on\\nthe 6th of August, 1838. His father was one of the pioneers of this\\ncounty, having come here in 1833. He cast his first vote for General\\nJackson, and his last for George B. McClellan. The subject of this\\nsketch had but little with which to commence life, but, by industry,\\neconomy and hard labor, he has acquired a good property of three hun-\\ndred and sixtjr-seven acres of land. He carries on farming quite exten-\\nsively, and raises some horses, cattle and hogs. Mr. Long was married\\non the 7th of May, 1864:, to Martha Keen, who was born in Parke\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 28th of August, 1810. They are the parents\\nof nine children, seven of whom are living: James B., Sallie B., Will-\\niam F., John L., Mattie L., Eva M. and Josephus. The deceased were\\nFlora E. and Gracy. Mr. Long has held the office of school director\\nten years, and overseer of roads five years. In politics he is a democrat,\\nand a Presbyterian in religion. His parents were natives of Kentucky.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0700.jp2"}, "701": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 597\\nRobert Mills, Ridge Farm, butcher and grocer, was born in England,\\nin April, 1824. He left there when twelve years of age, and followed\\nthe sea thirteen years. He sailed on the Mediterranean sea six years,\\nthen went to China, and after a time returned to England. Afterward\\nhe took a trip to the Rio Grande, and then went to Constantinople, the\\ncapital of Turkey from there to Rasida, then to Liverpool, and then to\\nGreenland, whale-fishing, for seven years. After this he went back to\\nEngland, thence to the Spanish Main, thence to Scotland, and after-\\nward to Canada, where he stayed three years, working on a farm. He\\ncame to this county in 1838, and settled in Ridge Farm, where he has\\nresided since, being one of its first settlers. He is the oldest settler now\\nliving in Ridge Farm. He was married in 1 858 to Rachel Nuckles, who\\nwas born in Indiana in 1833. They have had six children by this union,\\nthree of whom are living: Anna, now wife of J. Harrold, Mary and\\nLinnie. The deceased were John and two infants. He enlisted in the\\nlate war, in 1865, in the^ 150th 111. Yol. Inf., Co. E, and served one\\nyear as private, and was mustered out at the close of the war.\\nHenry F. Canaday, Ridge Farm, farmer, was born in this county on\\nthe 12th of December, 1839, and is a son of Frederick Canaday, one of\\nthe first settlers, and a man closely identified with the early history of\\nthis county, and one who has done much to promote the interest and\\nwelfare of the same. The subject of this sketch enlisted in the late\\nwar in Co. A, 25th 111. Vol. Inf., and was in the battles of Murfrees-\\nboro, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Buzzard s Roost, and several\\nother engagements. He served three years. On the 26th of Septem-\\nber, 1875, he was married to Maggie S. Canaday. Mr. Canaday is\\nan industrious business man, well respected by all who know him.\\nIn politics he is republican. He owns 120 acres of land worth $50\\nper acre.\\nJacob Kendall, Long, farmer and stock-dealer, section 35, was born\\nin Greene county, Ohio, on the 17th of May, 1825, and was raised to\\nthe occupation of a farmer. He came to this state in 1839, settling in\\nthis township. He had but little property with which to commence\\nlife, but by industry, economy and fair dealing he has acquired a good\\nproperty. Mr. Kendall has been twice married first, on the 23d of\\nJanuary, 1848, to Elisabeth Hall, who was born in Pennsylvania, and\\ndied in 1852. They became by this marriage the parents of two chil-\\ndren, now deceased. Mr. Kendall was then married, on the 21st of\\nJune, 1853, to Catharine Patterson, who was born in Tennessee in\\n1829. They have six children by this union, four of whom are living.\\nThe names of the living are Enos, John, Joseph and Jacob of the\\ndeceased, Ivy and Jennie. Mr. Kendall has held the office of road", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0701.jp2"}, "702": {"fulltext": "598 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncommissioner one term, and he is considered one of the solid men of\\nVermilion. His political views are democratic. He is a Freemason\\nand a Presbyterian.\\nAdam Nier, Ridge Farm, inn-keeper, was born in Pickaway county,\\nOhio, on the 23d of November, 1826, and was raised on a farm. He\\nwas one of the early settlers of this county, coming here in 1840, and\\nsettling near Georgetown. He came one half mile north of Ridge\\nFarm, and then to the Ridge in 1876, and engaged in his present busi-\\nness. Mr. Nier was married in 1852 to Mary Padget, who was born\\nin Kentucky in 1830, and died in 1864. They had by this union six\\nchildren, four of whom are living: Alfred, Lillie, William and Addie.\\nHe was then married to Nancy Morton in 1867. She was born in Ken-\\ntucky in 1831.\\nRichard Mills, Vermilion Grove, farmer and stock-dealer, is a native\\nof this county, and was born on the 21st of November, 1841. His\\nfather was one of the early settlers of this county, having settled here\\nin 1822 hence he learned some of the realities of pioneer life. He\\nremained here until his death in 1852. The subject of this sketch\\nbeing the oldest son, the responsibility rested upon him. He has\\nengineered the farm well in partnership with his brother, W. H. They\\nhandle about one hundred head of cattle a year. They are young men\\nof good business tact, well respected in the neighborhood in which they\\nreside. Mr. Mills is a republican in politics and a member of the\\nFriends church.\\nA. H. Thompson, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 22, was born in this\\ncounty on the 9th of Ma} 7 1842. He has been married four times:\\nfirst, in I860, to Sarah M. French, who was born in Indiana on the 23d\\nof July, 1841, and died in 1860. He was then married, in 1861, to\\nEmily Wright, who was born on the 9th of October, 1839, and died\\non the 3d of August, 1867. They had by this marriage three children,\\ntwo of whom are living: James A. and Sarah M. deceased, Charley.\\nHe was then married to Miss B. C. Underwood, in 1868. She was born\\nin Vermilion county, this state, in 1843, and died in 1870. They had\\nby this union one child John A. Mr. Thompson was then, in 1871,\\nunited to Emma McMasters, who was born in Vermilion county, Indi-\\nana, in 1847. They have by this union two children, Nellie C. and\\nMary O. He is a republican, a member of the Presbyterian church,\\nand also of the l.O.O.F.\\nSamuel V. Long, Long, farmer, section 25, was born in Nicholas\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 11th of September, 1819, and was raised a\\nfarmer, and this occupation he has followed through life. Soon after\\nbecoming of age he drove a four-horse team to Missouri, and came to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0702.jp2"}, "703": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 599\\nthis state in 1843, settling where he now lives. Mr. Long had but\\nforty acres of land when he first married, but by industry, economy\\nand perseverance he has acquired a good property of one hundred and\\nforty-nine acres. He has been twice married first, on the 14th of\\nOctober, 1845, to Margaret Kendall, who was born in Ohio. They\\nhad by this union eight children, four living: Jemima, -fames W.,\\nCharley and Jacob. The deceased were: Lacon, Mary J., Lena, and\\none infant. Mr. Long was then married, in May. 1869, to Barbara\\nPrine, who was born in 1841. The) have one child by this union\\nJohn C. Mr. Long s parents were natives of Maryland, and those of\\nhis wife, of Ohio. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nMilo H. Waterman, Georgetown, farmer and stock-dealer, section\\n16, was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on the 4th of March, 1844,\\nand lived in Eugene, Indiana, until thirteen years of age, going to\\nschool most of the time. He enlisted in the late war, first in Co. E,\\n115th Ind. Vol. Inf., and went forward to defend his country. He\\nserved six months, and reenlisted in 1865 in Co. E, 149th Ind. Inf.,\\nand served seven months as first surgeon. He was married in 1874 to\\nMary E. Case, who was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on the\\n22d of June, 1848. They have one child by this union, Jane C, born\\non the 7th of September, 1875. In politics he is a republican. He\\nowns three hundred and thirty-seven acres, worth fifty dollars per acre.\\nJonah M. Davis, Ridge Farm, dealer in general merchandise, was\\nborn in North Carolina on the 2d of March, 1824. He attended board-\\ning-school at Gilford one year, and then went to the Bloomingdale\\nAcademy one year. He has taught about twenty-three schools. He\\ncame to this state in 1851, and settled near Vermilion Grove, taking\\ncharge of the new seminary of that place. He had charge of this for\\nfive years, and came to the Ridge, where he commenced the mercantile\\nbusiness in 1856, and now carries about six thousand dollars worth of\\nstock, and is doing a good business. Mr. Davis is one of the best\\ncitizens of Vermilion. He was married in 1875 to Ella Jenkins, who\\nwas born in Indiana on the 26th of March, 1848. Politically, Mr.\\nDavis is a republican. His parents were natives of North Carolina.\\nHe belongs to the Friends church.\\nAlexander B. Whinrey, Ridge Farm, grain dealer and general mer-\\nchandise, was born in Tennessee on the 13th of September, 1829, and\\nwas raised to the occupation of a farmer until eighteen years of age, at\\nwhich time he learned the blacksmith trade, which he followed for\\nseveral years. He came to this state in 1852, and settled in George-\\ntown, where he remained one year, and then came to Ridge Farm in\\n1853, where he has resided since. Mr. Whinrey commenced general", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0703.jp2"}, "704": {"fulltext": "600 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmerchandising in 1863, and now carries a $5,000 stock of goods. He\\ndoes a good business, and has been actively engaged in buying grain\\nsince 1873. Mr. Whinrey has been twice married in this county: first,\\nin 1855, to Elisabeth Rice, who was born in this state, and died in\\n1861. They had one child, now deceased. He was then married, in\\n1863, to Emily P. Weeks, who, too, was born in this state. They had by\\nthis union six children, three living: James M., Ada A. and Henry J.\\nMr. Whinrey has held the office of road commissioner one term. He\\nis a republican in politics, and a member of the Friends church.\\nHenry J. Cole, Ridge Farm, farmer and stock-dealer, is a native of\\nthis county, and was born on the 3d of January, 1853, and is a son of\\nJohn and Nancy Cole. His chances for an early education were good,\\nhaving attended Hungerford College, New York, for six years, and\\nwas for a time a survej^or. His father was one of the pioneers of this\\ncounty, having come to this state in 1833, settling on what is now\\nknown as the Draper farm, three miles south of Danville. He re-\\nmained there till 1852, at which time he moved one mile west of Ridge\\nFarm, where the subject of this sketch now lives. John Cole had but\\nlittle property with which to begin life; but he accumulated until, at\\none time, he had $100,000 worth of property. The subject of this\\nsketch learned the art of painting. He has given a good manifestation\\nof his skill in that line by painting four fine large pictures, which\\nadorn his parlor, a very beautiful one representing autumn in the\\nCatskill mountains. Mr. Cole was married on the 7th of October,\\n1875, to Anna A. Healy, who was born in New York on the 1st of\\nOctober, 1853. They have one child, Florence, born on the 1st of\\nAugust, 1877. Mr. Cole owns six hundred and fifty-eight acres of\\nland in this county, and a dwelling which cost over $10,000.\\nJohn P. Stokes, Long, farmer, section 24, was born in Ohio on the\\n25th of January, 1823, and commenced in his younger days to learn\\nthe blacksmith trade, at which he worked three years, but quit on ac-\\ncount of sore eyes. He then learned the trade of a carpenter, and\\nafterward clerked in store for three years. He came to state in 1855,\\nsettling four miles east of Ridge Farm. Of late years he has followed\\nfarming. He owns one hundred and twenty-four acres of land worth\\nforty dollars per acre. Mr. Stokes was married to Nancy Long on the\\n1st of August, 1857. She was born in this county on the 8th of July,\\n1836. They are the parents of ten children, seven living: Sallie A.,\\nJodie C, Charley B., Lewis H., Mary E., Mattie B. and Eddy. The\\ndeceased were James W., Samuel V. and Anna D. Mr. Stokes had\\nbut little property when he was married, but has, by hard labor, indus-\\ntry, economy and good management, got a good home. He is a man", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0704.jp2"}, "705": {"fulltext": "ELW00D TOWNSHIP. 601\\nwell respected by all who know him. His parents were natives of\\nPennsylvania.\\nWilliam Brown, Ridge Farm, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in\\nButler county, Ohio, on the 4th of January, 1813, and was raised to\\nthe occupation of farmer and handling stock. He moved with his\\nfather to Indiana when he was but twelve years of age, and came to\\nthis state in 1856, settling where he now resides, in Pilot Grove. He\\nclaims that he has made the most of his money by handling sheep, in\\nwhich he has engaged quite extensively he having at times as many\\nas two thousand. Mr. Brown is regarded as one of the solid men of\\nVermilion county. He was married on the 20th of August, 1848, to\\nElyddia Lusk, who was born in Parke county, Indiana. They are the\\nparents of eight children, six living: Solomon L., Commodore, John,\\nWilliam, Dick, Benjamin. The names of the deceased are Samuel and\\nAdam. Commodore is practicing medicine in Walnut Grove, Edgar\\ncounty. Mr. Brown s parents were natives of Pennsylvania. He is\\nliberal, both in his political and religious views. He owns two thou-\\nsand acres of land, one thousand acres in the home place in Pilot\\nGrove, three miles southeast of Ridge Farm.\\nI. C. Mendenhall, Ridge Farm, farmer and minister of the gospel,\\nsection 35, was born in Green county, Ohio, on the 25th of April, 1834.\\nHe was raised a farmer, and this occupation has followed through life.\\nHe came to this state with father in 1857. The subject of this sketch\\nwas married in 1855 to Margaret Bond. She was born in Wayne\\ncounty, Indiana, in 1831. They are the parents of eight children, seven\\nliving: Mary, Ward, Almeda, J., Charles, James, Maggie. The name\\nof the deceased was Albert. Mr. Mendenhall is an ordained minister\\nof the Christian or Newlight Church. He is well respected in his com-\\nmunity practicing what he preaches. He has charge of the church\\nat Georgetown, and also Church No. 11. He is Republican in politics.\\nMr. Mendenhall owns eighty acres worth $45 per acre.\\nJesse Gibson, Vermilion Grove, general merchandise and tile fac-\\ntory, was born in Washington county, Tennessee, on the 9th of De-\\ncember, 1835, and was brought up a farmer, which occupation he has\\nfollowed through life until the last three years, since which time he has\\nbeen engaged in general merchandising in Vermilion Grove. He car-\\nries three thousand dollars worth of goods and does a good business.\\nHe owns five acres of ground with store-house and dwelling-house;\\nalso one and a half acres with tile factory. He carries on tile-making\\nextensively, keeping a good stock of tiling constantly on hand. He\\nhas held the office of post-master at Vermilion Grove, three years\\ncommissioner of highways, two terms. Mr. Gibson was married in this", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0705.jp2"}, "706": {"fulltext": "602 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nstate on the 12th of September, 1859, to Mary Brown, who was born\\nin this county on the 27th of April, 1839. They are the parents of\\nsix children, five living: Clarenda, Allen, Sylvanus, Miles and Ada;\\ndeceased, Jnletta. He is a republican, and a member of the Friends\\nchurch.\\nM. A. Harrold, Ridge Farm, dealer in general merchandise, was\\nborn in Green county, Tennessee, on the 26th of April, 1836, and\\nlearned the blacksmith trade when young, under his father, who fol-\\nlowed that trade. He followed smithing until four years ago, when he\\ncame to this place and commenced mercantile business, and now car-\\nries three thousand dollars worth of stock and is doing a good business.\\nHe came to this state in 1861, and settled in Ridge Farm, where he car-\\nried on blacksmithing. Mr. Harrold is dealing in grain to some extent.\\nHe was married on the 15th of November, 1865, to Mary L. McFar-\\nlane, who was born in Wayne county, Ohio. They are the parents of\\nfive children, two living: Charley and Franklin. The deceased were\\nMary, Harrison and James. Plis parents were natives of Tennessee.\\nRufus H. Davis, Ridge Farm, farmer and stock-dealer, was born\\nin Carteret county, North Carolina, and moved with his parents to\\nIndiana when five years of age, settling near Knightstown. He fol-\\nlowed the occupation of a farmer at intervals through life. His chances\\nfor an education were good. He attended Earlham College two years,\\nand at Greencastle, Indiana, for the same length of time. He\\nattended the Quaker boarding-school at Richmond, Indiana, one year,\\nand has taught school about ten years. Mr. Davis taught different\\nlanguages and all the different branches. He has held the office of\\njustice of the peace four years school trustee four years school\\ndirector several years, and supervisor of township six years. He is not\\nonly a classical scholar, but is well known as one of the leading and\\nprominent men of Elwoocl township. Mr. Davis was married in\\nApril, 1866, to Lydia Hornaday, who was born in Clinton, Ohio, on\\nthe 25th of December, 1835. They are the parents of seven children,\\nfour living: Sherman, John, Alice and Ella; the deceased were in-\\nfants. Mr. Davis is a republican and belongs to the Friends church.\\nHe owns four hundred and thirty-five acres of good land adjoining\\nRidge Farm, one lot with store-house, and ten other lots in Ridge\\nFarm.\\nA. J. Darnall, Ridge Farm, dealer in general merchandise, a son of\\nAaron Darnall, of Edgar county, a Baptist minister of considerable\\nnote, was born in Edgar county, this state, on the 8th of November,\\n1833, and was raised on a farm. He followed the occupation of a\\nfarmer until twenty-three years of age, at which time he commenced", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0706.jp2"}, "707": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 6,03\\nclerking in a store in Bloomfield, Edgar county. He followed this\\nfour years and bought his employer out, and continued there two\\nyears. He came to Ridge Farm in 1863 and opened a general mer-\\nchandise store, which he still continues. He carries a stock of about\\nten thousand dollars worth of goods, and by honesty and fair dealing\\nhe has established a reputation that has given him a large trade. He\\nalso owns two hundred acres of good land, a half interest in the flouring\\nmill in Ridge Farm, one lot with a dwelling house, and a lot on which\\nis a store. Mr. Darnall was married on the 4th of August, 1864,\\nto Mary E. Fair. They are the parents of five children, three living:\\nMinnie B., Harley and Manford. The deceased were Frank and one\\ninfant. Mr. Darnall is a democrat and his religious views are liberal.\\nHe belongs to the A.F. A.M.\\nJ. C. Pierce, Ridge Farm, dealer in groceries and agricultural im-\\nplements, was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on the 1st of Janu-\\nary, 1840, and was raised on a farm. He enlisted in the late war in\\n1861, in Co. A, 25th 111. Vol. Inf., as private, and was in the battles of\\nPea Ridge, Chickamauga, Atlanta and Peach tree Creek. He reen-\\nlisted on the 3d of February, 1865, in Co. E, 150th 111. Vol. Inf., as\\nquartermaster. He served until the 1st of February, 1866, and then\\ncame to Ridge Farm and commenced the grocery business. He started\\nwith about eight hundred dollars worth of groceries. He commenced\\nselling agricultural implements in 1869. Mr. Pierce has held the office of\\nsupervisor of township four years, and justice of the peace, which office\\nhe still holds. He was married on the 1st of November, 1864, to\\nLydia B. Smith, who was born in this county. They are the parents\\nof five children Frank, Mark, Mary, Charley and Terrence. Mr.\\nPierce is a mason and a republican. His parents were natives of Penn-\\nsylvania.\\nJohn Guffin, Ridge Farm, practicing physician, was born in Indiana\\non the 5th of June, 1833, and was raised on a farm. When eighteen\\nyears of age he attended college at Antioch one year, the North-\\nwestern University at Indianapolis two years, and the Rush Medical\\nCollege one term, also the Medical College in Chicago one term, at the\\nexpiration of which he received a diploma for the practice of medicine.\\nMr. Gufrin first commenced practice in Claysville, Indiana, and there\\ncontinued two years. He was assistant surgeon in the army of the\\nlate war. He came to Ridge Farm and commenced the practice of\\nmedicine in 1867, where he has been following his profession ever\\nsince, gaining quite an extensive practice. Mr. Guffin was married\\non the 26th of April, 1867, to Addie Ward, who was born in Fayette\\ncounty, Indiana. They have no children. The doctor is a Mason.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0707.jp2"}, "708": {"fulltext": "604 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam Hilyard, Ridge Farm, farmer, section 21, was born in\\nGreene county, Ohio, on the 24th of October, 1842. He was raised to\\nthe occupation of a farmer, which he has followed through life. Mr.\\nHilyard enlisted in the late war and went forward to battle for the\\nUnion. He enlisted first, in 1861, in Co. A, 25th 111. Yol. Inf., and\\nwas in the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, and many others. He served\\nthree years and four months. He enlisted, in 1865, in Co. E, 150th 111.\\nYol. Inf., as sergeant, and was soon after promoted to first-lieutenant.\\nMr. Hilyard was married on the 8th of December, 1868, to Mary E.\\nWall. She was born in this county in 1846. They are the parents of\\nfour children Joseph T. and Sam. The deceased are Rufus W. and\\none infant. His father was a native of Penns}dvania, and his mother,\\nof Ohio. He is a republican. He and his wife both belong to the\\nCumberland church. He owns one hundred and sixty acres, worth\\nsixty dollars per acre, fifty acres of which is timber.\\nWilliam P. Reynolds, Georgetown, farmer, section 3, was raised to\\nthe occupation of a farmer, and also learned the trade of a mechanic^ at\\nwhich he has worked at intervals through life. He was married on the\\n9th of April, 1868, to Angeline Holladay. They are the parents of\\ntwo children: Addison, born on the 27th of February, 1-870, and Ma-\\nnervie, born on the 28th of August, 1877. His parents were natives of\\nNorth Carolina. Mrs. Reynolds parents were natives of North Caro-\\nlina and Tennessee. He owns one hundred and twenty-two acres of\\nland, worth $50 per acre.\\nRev. S. H. Whitlock, Ridge Farm, minister of the gospel, of the\\nMethodist Episcopal Church, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio,\\non the 27th of April, 1836, and at the age of eighteen learned the car-\\npenter trade, at which he continued until 1863. He commenced pre-\\nparing for the ministry, and became a member of the Illinois conference\\nin 1868, since which time he has been constantly engaged in the min-\\nistry, having charge of a circuit. Mr. Whitlock is a minister of no\\nsmall degree of ability. He makes a good impression wherever he\\npreaches. He has charge, at present, of the Ridge Farm circuit. Mr.\\nWhitlock was married on the 20th of January, 1860, to Mariah J. Hor-\\nton, who was born in Miami county, Ohio, on the 25th of April, 1842.\\nThey have by this union three children Minnie, born on the 29th of\\nOctober, 1860; Ward B., born on the 18th of June, 1862, and Mabel,\\nborn on the 24th of August, 1869. Mr. Whitlock has two brothers\\nwho are ministers. His political views are republican.\\nA. A. Sulcer, Ridge Farm, physician, was born in Butler county,\\nOhio, on the 28th of February, 1839, and remained on the farm until\\neighteen years of age, at which time he commenced the study of medi-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0708.jp2"}, "709": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 605\\ncine. He attended Rush Medical College two terms, at the expiration\\nof which time he received a diploma for the practice of medicine. He\\nwas assistant surgeon in the 113th 111. Yol. Inf. three years, where he\\nhad occasion frequently to perform amputations both of the upper and\\nlower extremities. He came back from the army and practiced in\\nCatlin a few months; then went to Danville and there practiced three\\nyears. He came to the Ridge in 1869, where he has been practicing\\nsince. Mr. Sulcer has had an extensive practice, attended with remark-\\nable good success. He was married on the 12th of January, 1870, to\\nMary J. Duncan, who was born in this county. The Doctor is a repub-\\nlican, and in his religious views he is a liberal. Mrs. Sulcer is a mem-\\nber of the Friends church.\\nJ. H. Banta, Ridge Farm, grain merchant, owns ten lots in Ridge\\nFarm, four of which have good dwellings on also owns a half interest\\nin the mill in Ridge Farm. He was born in Boone county, Kentucky,\\non the 14th of August, 1831, and spent his. early days on a farm. He\\ncame to this state in 1852, and settled in this county. He farmed until\\n1869, at which time he came to Ridge Farm and opened a dry-goods\\nstore in connection with J. Darnall, for eighteen months. He con-\\ntinued merchandising until the fall of 1872, when he commenced buy-\\ning grain, in which business he has been actively engaged since. In\\n1872 he built the elevator. He is at present in partnership with A. B.\\nWhinrey is a thorough business man. Mr. Banta has in his possession\\na very ancient relic, in shape of a shot-pouch, an article which his\\ngrandfather, who came from Prussia, carried. Mr. Banta was married\\nin Kentucky, in 1851, to Mary J. Russell, who was born in this state\\nin 1831. They have had eight children, seven living: James A.,\\nNancy E., William F., Margaret E., Anna, Andrew J., and John H.\\nThe deceased was Sally. He is a charter member of the Masons. His\\npolitical views are democratic, and in religion he is liberal.\\nJohn Bolden, Ridge Farm, blacksmith, was born in Kentucky, on\\nthe 3d of March, 1836, and learned the blacksmith trade when young.\\nHe was married on the 6th of February, 1865. His wife was born in\\nMontgomery county, Virginia, in 1846. They are the parents of seven\\nchildren, four living: Laura A., Girdner C. G., Vinna A. and John\\nH. W. The deceased were Manena J., Charley E. and Dealy. He\\ncame to this state in 1870, and settled in Ridge Farm. He has here\\nestablished a good reputation as an honest workman and good citizen,\\nand is well respected by all. He owns two town lots in Ridge Farm,\\non one of which is a dwelling, and also a half interest in a blacksmith\\nshop and lot. This property he has earned by his hard labor, having", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0709.jp2"}, "710": {"fulltext": "606 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbeen a slave until the Emancipation Proclamation, and worked all his\\nearly days for his master, under the unjust institution of slavery.\\nAbraham Holaday, Ridge Farm, physician, was born in Parke county,\\nIndiana, on the 2d of March, 1833, and followed the occupation of a\\nfarmer until twenty-six years of age. He attended the Academy at\\nBloomingdale under Professor Hobbs for four years, the Rush Medical\\nCollege two sessions, and the Long Island College during regular\\ncourse, when he received a diploma for the practice of medicine. He\\ncommenced the practice in 1862, and has followed his profession con-\\nstantly ever since. He came to Ridge Farm, his present location, in\\n1870. The Doctor has had a good practice, and it has been attended\\nwith excellent success. He has been twice married first on the 21st\\nof October, 1857, to Agatha Outland, who was born in 1839, and is\\nnow deceased. Mr. Holaday was then married, in 1862, to Martha\\nHenderson, who was born in Vermilicn county, this state, February,\\n1839. They had by this union nine children, seven living: Effie E.,\\nMary A. Sarkie, Myrtilla M., Samuel A., Anna B., William and\\nThomas. The name of the deceased is Adaline. The Doctor is an Odd\\nFellow and a Freemason. He is a republican, and his religious views\\nare liberal.\\nG. R. Steele, Ridge Farm, practicing physician, was born in Put-\\nnam county, Ohio, on the 1st of October, 1S4S, and came to this state\\nin 1861. He settled in Edgar county, and for three years studied\\nmedicine under Dr. Miller, of Paris, Edgar county. He attended two\\ncourses of lectures at the Miami College, at the expiration of which\\ntime he received a diploma for the practice of medicine. Mr. Steele\\ncommenced the practice of medicine in Paris in the spring of 1875, and\\ncontinued one year. He then practiced one year in Fairmount, after\\nwhich he came to Ridge Farm. The Doctor has had quite an extensive\\npractice attended with good success. He was married on the 21st of\\nOctober, 1872. His wife was born in Edgar county, this state, on the\\n17th of October, 1853. Mr. Steele is a member of the A.F. A.M.,\\nand his political views are republican.\\nJohn Q. Hoskins, Vermilion Grove, minister of the Friends church,\\nwas born in North Carolina in 1829, where he remained until fifteen\\nyears of age. He moved, with his parents, to the state of Indiana in\\n1844, where he resided until 1872. He spent his early days farming,\\nand was ordained a minister of the Friends church in 1868. He has\\nbeen constantly engaged in the ministry since, and is quite an active\\nlaborer in the cause. He is a man of considerable ability as a minister.\\nMr. Hoskins has been twice married first in October, 1852, to Serem\\nSiler, now deceased. She was born in Parke county, Indiana, in 1834.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0710.jp2"}, "711": {"fulltext": "ELWOOD TOWNSHIP. 607\\nThey had by this union four children, three living: Julia S., Ella,\\nGeorge. The name of the deceased is Laura. Mr. Hoskins was then\\nmarried, in 1865, to Elizabeth Mendenhall, who was born in Henry\\ncounty, Indiana, in 1839. They have three children by this union\\nCharley, Emma and Alice. Mr. Hoskins parents were natives of\\nNorth Carolina. He is a republican in politics.\\nW. N. Barkley, Ridge Farm, telegraph operator and express and\\nfreight agent, was born in Edgar county, Illinois, on the 13th of Sep-\\ntember, 1818. His father died when he was but twelve years of age,\\nand he was then left to the care of his mother. He acquired a pretty\\ngood education by working on the farm in summer and attending school\\nin the winter. He attended the high school at Westfield, Clark county,\\nthis state, for two years, and then the school at Bloomfield, Edgar\\ncounty. He clerked in a store a short time, and afterward went in\\npartnership with Mr. Boles in a drug store, where he remained two\\nyears. After this he went into the dry-goods business, and in eighteen\\nmonths came to Ridge Farm. In 1872 he went in the lumber trade,\\nstarting the first lumber yard in the place. He continued this one\\nyear. While in the lumber trade Mr. Barkley learned telegraphy,\\nand was soon after employed as operator at this place, which position\\nhe still holds. He is also employed as express and freight agent. Pie\\nhas been twice married first, in 1870, to Sarah Porter, who was born\\nin Edgar county in 1852. They had one child, deceased. Mr.\\nBarkley was then married to Naomi E. Banta in 1874. She was born\\nin this county in 1851. They have by this union two children: Harry\\nC. and Ethel N. He has held the office of collector, town clerk, and\\nis a Freemason, a democrat and a Methodist.\\nA. P. Saunders, Ridge Farm, general merchandise and grain-dealer,\\nwas born in what was then Wirt county, Virginia, on the 7th of April,\\n1S50, and, his father being a farmer, was raised to that occupation until\\nthe age of sixteen, at which time he commenced clerking in a store.\\nAlthough he did not have a good chance to get an education, by\\noccupying leisure hours in home study he managed to acquire sufficient\\nto enable him to carry on business. He came to this state in 1871, and\\nopened out his present general merchandise store in Ridge Farm, where he\\ncarries about fifteen hundred dollars worth of stock. He is doing good\\nbusiness, and is also engaged in the grain trade. Mr. Saunders was\\nmarried on the 25th of April, 1877, to Ada Lewis, who was born in\\nthis state in 1856. He belongs to the A.F. A.M.. and his political\\nviews are democratic.\\nA. W. Mendenhall, Ridge Farm, dentist, was born in Butler county,\\nOhio, on the 12th of November, 1834, and came to this state in 1877,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0711.jp2"}, "712": {"fulltext": "608 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsettling in Ridge Farm. He received, while young, a good education,\\nwhich he has applied in the way of school-teaching, commencing at the\\nage of nineteen years. He has taught about fifteen terms of six months\\neach. Mr. Mendenhall learned the trade of dentistry in 1868, which\\noccupation he has successfully followed since. He is a good workman,\\nas well as a straightforward, upright business man, well respected by\\nall who know him. He has been twice married: first, [on the 22d of\\nSeptember, 1858, to Sarah Jay. She was born in 1834, and died in\\n1873. The} had by this union five children, one living: Eva L. The\\nnames of the deceased are Mary, Emma, Alice E. and Anna C. He\\nwas then married on the 6th of July, 1876. His wife was born in\\nIndiana on the 23d of February, 1844. They have by this union one\\nchild: William, born on the 10th of May, 1879. Mr. Mendenhall is a\\nrepublican, and he and his wife both belong to the Friends church.\\nW. R.Nash, Ridge Farm, physician, was born in Hendricks county,\\nIndiana, on the 12th of May, 1841. His father died when he was but\\nfive years old, and his mother, when he was twelve years of age. He\\nfollowed the occupation of a farmer until the war broke out, when he\\nenlisted, on the 1st of June, 1861, in Co. D, 25th 111. Vol. Inf., as\\nprivate, and served three years. He was in the battles of Pea Ridge,\\nCorinth, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain,\\nNashville, and then the one steady fight from Chattanooga to Atlanta,\\nhe receiving in all these but a flesh-wound. Soon after the close of the\\nwar he commenced the study of medicine: first, under P. T. Cellers,\\nfor two years, and then he attended the Surgical Institute at Indian-\\napolis for two years, and afterward, several different courses of lectures\\nat different colleges. He graduated on the 27th of February, 1877,\\nreceived a diploma for practicing medicine, and came to the Ridge\\non the 1st of April, 1877, where he has been practicing since. Mr.\\nNash has been practicing at intervals for several years, meeting with\\nquite an extensive practice. He was married on the 14th of May,\\n1865, to Ruth J. Coy, who, too, was born in Hendricks county, Indi-\\nana. They have by this union one child Effie E., born on the 8th of\\nAugust, 1866. Both of their parents were natives of Kentucky. He\\nis a republican in his religion he is liberal.\\nIsaac T. Hunt, Long, general merchandise, was born in Parke\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 30th of March, 1856, and was raised a farmer\\nuntil the age of seventeen, at which time he commenced clerking in a\\nstore. He attended Waverly College for one term, and also the Bloom-\\ningdale Academy for a time. He is a young man of good habits and\\ngood business tact, and we may safely predict for him success in busi-\\nness. He came to this state in April, 1879, opening out a general", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0712.jp2"}, "713": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 609\\nmerchandise store at Bethel, on the state line, in the southeast corner\\nof Yermilion county. He has a good stock of goods, and is doing a\\ngood business. Mr. Hunt was married in Indiana on the 1st of June,\\n1879, to Dora Towel! She was born in Illinois on the 10th of October,\\n1861. Mr. Hunt is a republican, and is deputy postmaster at Long.\\nCATLIN TOWNSHIP.\\nCatlin occupies the center of the southern half of the county, and\\nis bounded on the north by Oakwood and Danville, on the east by\\nDanville and Georgetown, on the south by Georgetown and Carroll,\\nand on the west by Vance townships, and received its name from the\\nstation on the railroad, which was named from one of the officers of\\nthe road. It embraces all of the north half of town 18, range 12; six\\nsections off the east side of the north half of town 18, range 13; all\\nbut section 19 of the south half of town 19, range 12; four sections\\nout of the southeast corner of town 19, range 13, and a section and a\\nhalf lying out by itself north of the salt works, which ought to be\\nanchored somewhere, or it is liable to get lost one of these days\\nmaking in all somewhat more than a full congressional township and\\na quarter. The Salt Fork runs along its northern border, having along\\nits banks a belt of excellent timber, varying from a mile to a mile and\\na half in width. The points made by these elbows of timber ex-\\ntending out into the prairie, chief among which was Butler s Point,\\nwere a principal attraction to the early settlers. The old salt works,\\n(which is fully written up in its proper place) drew in the first settlers,\\nwhich, though not really lying in its present territory, was so close by,\\nthat that portion of Catlin township was known first of any locality in\\nthe county, and long before Danville was dreamed of. Its first selec-\\ntion by the authorized commission as the proper place for the county\\nseat was not due so much as some suppose to its being the geograph-\\nical center of the county, for it was not. The county at that time\\nextended to the lake, and its geographical center was not far from the\\nthriving city of Kankakee. While the geographical center of the\\ncounty, by its present limits, is exactly six miles north of the locality\\nindicated (being on section 21, a little north of the original settlement\\nof Mr. Blount, whose name was given to that township), its selection\\nwas made on account of its being central to the population then here,\\nand those whom it was then believed would in future occupy the\\ncounty. The state road, from Crawfordsville, Indiana, to Decatur,\\n39", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0713.jp2"}, "714": {"fulltext": "61(1 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nruns through the town, keeping along where the prairie line broke\\naway from the timber, midway between the railroad and the stream.\\nAlong this road on either side are situated some of the finest farms in\\nthe town, and which have few superiors in the county. These were of\\ncourse the first to be brought into cultivation, and it was many years\\nafter that those on the prairie south of the railroad w T ere settled. The\\ntownship was laid off from Danville, Vance, Carroll and Georgetown\\nin 1858. This was after the railroad was built, and after the station\\nhad been sometime known as Catlin.\\nThe railroad was one of the first chartered in the state. At the\\ntime the legislature thought, an opinion which the people at large\\nshared, that all that was necessary to develop the state was to make\\na liberal shower of railroad charters, and a system of state improve-\\nments was inaugurated which, for extent, has never been equaled by\\nany state in America. Of the lines which were chartered, this one,\\nknown as the Northern Cross-road, was commenced and considera-\\nble work done on it before the crash of 1837 stopped all undertakings\\nand burst every financial bubble in the country. This road was act-\\nually graded from Danville nearly or quite through this town the\\nabutments were built and the timbers hewn to build the bridges before\\nthe company failed and left their contractors unpaid and laborers with-\\nout a dollar. It was a serious time for the men who had undertaken\\nto do this job. From the height of financial hopes in 1836, when it\\nlooked as though every one was going to get rich, and the country\\ndevelop at once into a great agricultural and commercial empire, to\\nthe deep despondency of 1837, when all business stopped and no one\\ncould get pay for what he had done, or a hope for anything in the\\nfuture, with what money there was next to worthless and the state\\nitself bankrupt, was a step from the brightest day to the darkest night.\\nMen who were supposed to be, and who really were, rich yesterday,\\nwere bankrupt to-day. The state of Illinois, while it never in fact\\nrepudiated its debt, could not provide the interest, and for nineteen\\nyears was in default yet the entire debt was less than the annual\\ntaxes now raised in the state. The Northern Cross railroad got no\\nfarther at this end of the route than the grading of a few miles of its\\nroad, but from Springfield to the Illinois River was finished, as rail-\\nroad builders understood the matter in those days, and a kind of a\\nlocomotive was purchased that actually run on the old strap-rail track,\\ndrawing a few cars nearly as fast as a hen could run. It fell off into\\nthe ditch one day, and the officials seemed to lack the knowledge, or\\nthe wish, to put it on the track again and put on a pair of fleet-footed\\nmules to do the locomotive work. The timbers which were hewn for", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0714.jp2"}, "715": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 611\\nbridges were carried off by men to build log houses, and nothing re-\\nmained but a bank of earth and a load of debt. Later, when railroad-\\nbuilding was again revived, a company was formed which built the\\nGreat Western road on the same line, using this grade as far as it was\\nmade.\\nAlong the southern line of the township is a high elevation of land,\\nwhich forms the divide between the Salt Fork and the Little Yer-\\nmilion. All the land of the town sheds toward the Salt Fork, except\\na small portion on the extreme southern edge. As early as 1850 all\\nthe portion north of the railroad had been brought into cultivation\\nthe Sandusky farm had been improved, and the large brick house at\\nthe mound south of the village of Catlin had been built. Following\\nthe building of the road, all the land along its line was taken up by\\neastern speculators, and settlers found it to their advantage to go\\nfarther south to get cheaper lands. By 1858 all this land southwest\\nof the station was taken and made into farms.\\nThe point of timber running out into the prairie west of the present\\nvillage of Catlin was the place of the first settlement, and is historic.\\nIt was called Butler s, from James Butler, who was the first settler,\\nand in the course of time the whole settlement came to be known by\\nthat name, and continued to be so called until the railroad officials\\ncalled the name of their station here Catlin.\\nJames Butler came from Vermont in 1820. Before the county was\\norganized it was a part of Edgar county, and the people here at an\\nearly day found Paris the most convenient place for trade, and had to\\ngo there for their official business. Butler, Elliot, Whitcomb and\\nWoodin were the first to live here, and all performed important parts\\nin the early matters which transpired here. Mrs. Stansbury, who is\\nnow the oldest inhabitant of the township, and whose memory is good\\nin regard to affairs here, has placed the writer under many obligations\\nfor valuable information. She says that in publications in regard to\\nearly matters, the names of prominent actors have been mixed up.\\nThe first county commissioners courts were held at the house of James\\nButler, he being one of the commissioners. It was here that the com-\\nmission -which had been appointed by the legislature to locate the\\ncounty seat made its report to the county commissioners, wherein they\\nreported in favor of locating it on the high bluff south of the salt\\nworks. Some persons, who thought the commissioners did not know\\ntheir business, reported around that folks could never get water up\\nthere, and a new commission was appointed, which decided on Danville.\\nMrs. Stansbury gives the following circumstantial account of the\\nfirst marriages which occurred in this county before it was organized,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0715.jp2"}, "716": {"fulltext": "612 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwhich differs considerably from the published account, but which she\\nknows to be correct. Cyrus Douglas had made up his mind to marry\\nRuby Bloss, and she was willing, but a troublesome brother-in-law,\\nMr. Denio, objected. After the plan was well matured, Douglas went\\nto Paris and got the license, and bought a pair of shoes for Ruby, for\\nhe objected to marrying her bare-footed, not that he cared so much\\nabout shoes, but he thought a decent regard for public sentiment ought\\nto be maintained, and he hated to have it said that the first girl mar-\\nried in this community had to go to her own wedding bare footed. He\\nhid the shoes at Mr. Woodin s house, and she got away from her unsus-\\npicious brother-in-law, came to Woodin s, put on her new shoes (her\\nother necessary dry goods were on before coming there), which she de-\\nclared were a mile too big, and walked to Squire Treat s, where the\\nceremony was performed. They then went to Mr. Butler s house.\\nMarcus Snow was married the same day to Annis Butler, and the two\\nnewly married couples met at Mr. Butler s that evening. Douglas was\\na hatter by trade, and went to Yankee Point and commenced business.\\nHe and Mr. Snow both bought farms there, and each raised quite a\\nfamily of children. Mr. Snow and Mrs. Douglas dying a few years\\nsince, the relicts of each intermarried, and now live happily at Fairmount.\\nAsa Elliott, who was the first justice of the peace in the county,\\ncame here to live at Butler s Point in 1822. He was a man of good\\nbusiness capacity, and a successful man. It was at his house that the\\nfirst circuit court was held. The house was situated about one fourth\\nof a mile from the west line of Catlin village. He had a log house,\\nwhich is now used by Hon. J. H. Oakwood for a stable, and was build-\\ning a larger one when the court came in on him rather unexpectedly,\\nbefore it was completed. It stood near where Betty Sandusky now\\nlives. The floor had not yet been placed in, and the attendants on\\ncourt sat on the floor timbers for seats; there being no cellar under the\\nhouse, they made very comfortable seats. A story is told, which, it is\\nwell to say, lacks confirmation, that Abraham Lincoln, who a few years\\nlater than this date was in the habit of practicing in this court, came\\nalong to see how matters were going on, and found the court sitting on\\none of the sleepers, paring his toe-nails; while standing around (for\\nhis legs were too long for him to sit with any comfort on the floor\\ntimbers), the bailiff came in and reported to the court that he had got\\nsix of the grand jury securely chained, and the hounds were chasing\\nthe others through the adjoining timber. Mr. Lincoln, who had not\\nyet got used to that way of serving processes, climbed up a tree near\\nby, and sat a-straddle of a safe limb until they called off the dogs.\\nJames Butler died here, and his sou afterward sold the farm to Mr.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0716.jp2"}, "717": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 613\\nSandusky and moved to Kansas. Mrs. Stansbnry, who at that time\\nwas plain Jane Woodin, came here to the salt works in 1824. Francis\\nWhitcomb and John Yance were then carrying on the salt business.\\nMr. Woodin was a cooper, and was at work at his trade there. He\\nworked there three years and then entered four hundred acres of land\\nnear Catlin, which is now owned by Charles Gones. At that time\\nParis was the place of trade and milling, but afterward they used to go\\nto Eugene. The} took their produce to Hubbard and other traders,\\nand took their furs to Lafayette, where they could always get cash for\\nthem. Mr. Woodin kept boarders for $1.50 per week. At that time\\nsalt sold for $1.50 per bushel. Mrs. Stansbnry went to Danville once\\nto a party. There was only one house on the road, at the head of the\\nFroman hollow. Dan Beck with was keeping bachelor s hall at D.,\\nand was very attentive to the party which had done his new town the\\nhonor of a visit.\\nThe first school that was kept here was taught by Hiram Ticknor,\\njust south of where Thomas Keeney now lives. The children from the\\nsalt works had to go three miles to this school. He was a good teacher,\\nand put his fifteen scholars through readin ritin and rithmetic in a\\nsatisfactory way.\\nThe first meetings were held at the house of Asa Elliott. Father\\nKingsbury, who came here to preach to the Indians, occasionally\\npreached for the people at the salt works. The first Sabbath-school in\\nthe county was established by the Methodists at Mr. Elliott s, probably\\nabout 1836. Mr. Woodin died here in 1837. Of ten children, only\\nfour are living. Mrs. Stansbury and Mrs. Price live in this county.\\nWhen the first court was held at Elliott s, Mrs. Stanbury went over to\\nhelp Mrs. Elliott to do the house-work.\\nFrancis Whitcomb was for several T ears engaged in the salt works.\\nHe came there in 1821. He afterward took up the farm which Kich-\\nard Jones lived on. He worked this farm for several years, and sold\\nit to Henry Jones, and went to McLean county, and lived on the\\nKickapoo, seven miles this side of Bloomington, where some of his\\nfamily still reside.\\nAmos Williams, from Pennsylvania, lived here at Butler s Point\\na short time. He was the first county clerk after the county was or-\\nganized, and had been a teacher and surveyor, and county clerk of\\nEdgar county before. He was a man of most accurate habits. The\\nrecords show more in his favor than any other pen can tell. He was\\ncircuit clerk, probate justice of the peace, poundmaster, postmaster at\\nDanville, and may have held all the other offices too. He helped to\\nsurvey out the town, and was almost the first to become interested in", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0717.jp2"}, "718": {"fulltext": "614 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhaving good schools. He was a competent surveyor, a thorough\\nteacher, a natural clerk. If he, could not do everything, it is evident\\nthat he did everything well which he undertook to do at all, which is\\nbetter. He died in 1857, and his children still reside in Danville.\\nJohn Payne, the father of a family that has since the very first his-\\ntory of the county been an important factor in its affairs, came from\\nOrange county, New York, to Indiana, and from there here, in 182T,\\nand took up land where the Poor Farm now is, in section 24. His\\nfamily all came with him, and for some time lived around him here.\\nHe was a man of great force of character, with strong will and energy,\\nand he soon made himself felt in the affairs of the new county. Late\\nin life he sold out here and went to Livingston county, where two of\\nhis sons resided, and died there about 1864. He left a family of nine\\nchildren, who have long been known as among the most enterprising\\nand public-spirited citizens. His son Peter went to California. William\\nMilton was at one time sheriff of Vermilion county, and now resides\\nin Danville. Captain Morgan L. Payne, another son, who has recently\\ndied in Livingston county, has left a record of which any man or fam-\\nily might well feel proud. He raised a company here for the Black-\\nhawk war, and marched at its head to the relief of the beleaguered\\ncitizens on Fox River. He owned a farm here, and during the era of\\nrailroad building, in 1836, took a large contract of grading the North-\\nern Cross road through this township. By the failure of the company\\nhe was ruined and went to Texas, hoping to recover his fortunes. At\\nthe breaking out of the war with Mexico, he commanded a company,\\ndoing good service until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when\\nhe returned to his former home in Indiana to raise another company.\\n%The close of hostilities occurring before he could accomplish his desire,\\nhe again engaged in farming and removed to Livingston county, in this\\nstate. At the breaking out of the rebellion he raised a company which\\ndid gallant service in defending the old flag. He again engaged in\\nfarming, and later, while keeping hotel in Pontiac, lost all by a tire,\\nand when seventy years old served as constable and deputy sheriff to\\nearn an honest living, until stricken with disease, which proved fatal.\\nHe was a man of most intense patriotism, and showed it by gallant\\nheroism in three wars, and never lagged when duty called. An inci-\\ndent which occurred is so characteristic of the two principal actors that\\nit is recorded here While engaged in grading the railroad in Catlin, a\\ndispute arose with a Mr. Frazier in regard to his right to cross the\\nlatter s land, Mr. Frazier claiming that he was a trespasser in going on\\nhis land to grade the road. The result was a fight, in which the\\npluck and fighting qualities of both participants were pretty fully", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0718.jp2"}, "719": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. tfl5\\ntested. After a most fearful contest, in which the captain seemed to\\nbe the victor, a contest in the court followed, which created a good\\ndeal of interest. Mr. Lincoln was at Danville, attending court, and\\nbecame much interested in the matter, and could not but admire the\\npluck of the captain, who contested his case as stoutly in court as he\\nhad on the field. While he was serving in the rebellion he was home\\non furlough, and not getting back on time was mustered out of\\nservice. This was not what he had gone to war for, and he set about\\ngetting the order mustering him out set aside. Procuring the names\\nof all the officers to his petition, he sent it on to Washington, to his\\nold friend Ward Hill Lamon, whom he rightfully supposed could get\\nthe ear of the President on all occasions. When the matter was\\nbrought to the attention of the President he looked it over, noticing the\\nname. The old affair with Frazier at once came back to him. See\\nhere, Hill, said he, is this the Captain Payne who had the fight with\\nFrazier about that railroad grading down in Danville? Being told\\nit was, he said Well, it s my opinion that he s just the kind of\\nfighters we want down there, and at once wrote the order to reinstate\\nhim in his position. Squire L. Payne, another son, is an extensive\\nfarmer near Chenoa. John, Jr., was killed in a riot in Danville, in\\nthe summer of 1863. The affair was unfortunate in all its bearings.\\nHe left seven children, four of whom live in this county. Martin,\\nanother son, went to Oregon. Mrs. Miles lived near here. Mrs. Thomas\\nDouglas, who lived near here, had a large family of children, several\\nof whom still live here. Mrs. Thompson lived here on the farm until\\nher husband died, and now resides in Danville.\\nJohn Thompson came from Canada. He came here with his father-\\nin-law, John Payne, and took up a farm in 1827 about one mile north-\\neast of Catlin. He died there in 1864. One son is now a prominent\\ncitizen of Rossville. He was a good citizen, and a very worthy and\\nsuccessful farmer. Some of his children live here yet, and are among\\nthe well known citizens of Vermilion county.\\nCharles Caraway entered land here in 1824. He lived in Virginia,\\nand had an interest in the Sulphur Springs in Green Briar county.\\nHe entered about a section of land in all, and came here to live in\\n1829, and made his home on section 33, where Hon. J. H. Oakwood\\nnow resides. He was a man of education and enterprise, and at once\\nbecame thoroughly interested in the affairs of the new county. He\\ndied early in 1836, before his plans had become fully developed. He\\nleft one son and four daughters. His son Charles still lives in the\\ntownship. One daughter, Mrs. Oakwood, lives on the farm her father\\nmade here. Mrs. Arrowsmith removed to Iowa, where she still re-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0719.jp2"}, "720": {"fulltext": "616 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsides; Mrs. Buoy went to Oregon, and died in California, and Mrs. G.\\nW. Wolfe still lives here. The three brothers McCorkle, who were\\nbrothers of Mrs. Charles Caraway, came here from Virginia with the\\nlatter in 1829. J. S. McCorkle took up a farm northeast of Catlin in\\nsection 23, and was a very prosperous and successful farmer. He en-\\ngaged in stock-raising and feeding, and acquired considerable property.\\nHe died in 1858, and his family are scattered, a portion of them still\\nresiding here. The other brothers engaged in teaching and other\\nvocations for a time. Thomas H. McKeeney came here at the same\\ntime, and took up land in section 28, where he still resides, though\\nbed-ridden for some years. He has four children residing here.\\nNoah Guymon came from Ohio in 1830. He came on foot, bring-\\ning his wife known all over this countiw as Grandma Guymon\\non horseback, which conveyance also served to pack what earthly\\npossession the two jointly and severally owned. He took a claim\\non section 29, and got up a little cabin, which served the double\\npurpose of residence and a place of shelter for the faithful old mare,\\nwhich had transported his plunder from Ohio. They proved an in-\\ndustrious and economical couple, and soon prospered in their worldly\\naffairs. Mrs. Guymon was a Connecticut Yankee, and, in the crowd\\nof folks with whom she found herself here, whose ideas of a live\\nYankee were purely traditional which traditions were strained\\nthrough several generations of stories and theories, she was fond of\\nboasting of her pure New England nativity. It is needless to say that\\nshe was never called on to prove her identity, for, with the native\\nshrewdness of a born Yankee of the typical kind, she made the most\\nof the situation and surroundings. She almost at once commenced\\nthe practice of a profession, then, and since, in universal demand.\\nDoctors were not numerous here in the early days, and for miles\\naround, this patron saint of the rising generation, went the darkest\\nnights and in all sorts of weather to aid the cause of progressive\\nhumanity. The walls of her sitting-room are hung with the portraits\\nof the great men, living and dead, of republican views.\\nBy these insignia, said her visitor, we are led to mistrust that\\nyou have been a republican in your sentiments?\\nYes, she replied, a real abolitionist! and when the war was go-\\ning on it seemed as if 1 must read everything about it. I could count\\nalmost a regiment of my boys there, that is, of those whom I had\\ndressed the first time and I read so much that I almost destroyed my\\neyes. Oh it was awful to think of those brave men starving in rebel\\nprison pens\\nNow at the age of 86, though her eye is dimmed and her step feeble,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0720.jp2"}, "721": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 617\\nher mind is as free, her voice as clear, and her laugh as hearty as it\\nwas fifty years ago, when she first set foot on the soil of Vermilion\\ncounty. Her life has been an active one both she and her husband\\nworked hard and managed frugally, have accumulated and saved. In\\nthe place of the old log-cabin of which they were joint occupants the\\nfirst year of their life here, a tidy brick house was built. Few people\\nwho have lived in Catlin during the past fifty years will ever forget\\nWidow Guymon.\\nAlexander Church came from Virginia in 1830, and farmed a part\\nof Mr. Caraway s land for ten years, when he bought the land where\\nhe now is, in section 28. This was the school section which had been\\ngiven in lieu of the Saline section 16. The law of congress gave all\\nsections 16 to the state for school purposes, but another law reserved\\nto the state all Saline lands. The Saline section had been taken pos-\\nsession of by the men who were making salt and living there hence\\nthis section was given in lieu of that.\\nJohn Boggess took up land in sections 29 and 30, in 1830. He\\nmade a considerable farm, and continued to live there until 1875, when\\nhe died. His son resides on the farm. The old log house still stands\\nthere, which his father built nearly fifty years ago. Joseph Davis set-\\ntled here on section 36 (19-13), in 1830. He was an energetic man,\\nand acquired ownership of considerable land. He engaged in raising\\nand feeding stock, and used to drive to Ohio frequently. He was a\\nvery successful farmer. His son Jesse still lives here. Frank Foley\\nsettled on section 36 in 1831. He was here when the soldiers were\\ngoing to the Black Hawk war. He sold to J. Allen in 1835, and\\nwent to Stephenson county, where he entered land which has since be-\\ncome a portion of the city of Freeport. Jacob Hickman came in 1831\\nand took up land in section 35 (19-13). He died there in 1842. He\\nhad ten children. His son R. C. Hickman still lives on the farm. One\\nson, Hiram, kept hotel a long time in Georgetown, and was sheriff of\\nthe county about 1845. He had been very successful in business, but\\ncomplications growing out of his office embarrassed him. William\\nYoust came on a farm in the western part of the county in 1830. He\\nlived there the winter of the deep snow, and then settled on section 36,\\nwhere he died soon after. His wife died in 1872. His son, James T.\\nYoust, lives on the farm still, and his daughter is the wife of Joel\\nAcree. Ephraim Acree, and his son Joel, came here in 1830, and took\\nup land where the latter lives now. There had been a short corn crop\\nthat year, and when the deep snow followed they were just able to\\nhive up for the winter like the bees. At this time game of all kinds\\nwas plenty, but that winter made it very scarce. The snow was so", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0721.jp2"}, "722": {"fulltext": "618 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndeep that there was nothing for the game to live on. The wolves\\nseemed to prosper. Joel Acree still lives on the farm which his father\\ntook up fifty years ago. W. H. Butler was an old settler near Dan-\\nville he settled on section 35 (19-13) in 1834. G. W. Pate, whose\\nname and whose life is so identified with the growth and progress of\\nthe Methodist church in this portion of the county, was born in Indi-\\nana in 1815, and came here to Butler s Point with his father, Adam\\nPate, about 1830. He was converted under the preaching of Father\\nAnderson, and at once commenced his labors in the cause of religion.\\nHe was selected ,as class-leader, and soon commenced preaching. EJe\\nlived in the house which stands opposite the fair grounds, where his\\nwidow still resides, and kept a country tavern there for many years.\\nVery early preaching service was held at Elliott s house, at Adam\\nPate s, and later at the school-house. Rev. James McKain, Mr. Hall\\nand Mr. French were among the first preachers. The circuit was a\\nfour weeks one, and the intervening Sabbaths called for the services of\\nMr. Pate and other local preachers. He was ordained a deacon by\\nBishop Scott, in 1857. Most of his time was spent on the farm, of\\ncourse, but he was often called away on various matters in which he\\ntook a deep interest. He was long a member of the Masonic order,\\nand was held in high estimation by members of the craft for his faith-\\nful devotion to the principles of the order. He was a man of kind,\\nconciliating disposition, and loved the peace and good of the church\\nand the neighborhood. He died a few years since. His widow is still\\nliving, and his only daughter, whose husband, Thomas Keeney, was\\nkilled in the army. Two sons of the latter are left to honor the mem-\\nory of their father and grandfather.\\nJohn Reynolds, a brother of Mrs. Pate, was a prominent promoter\\nof the cause of religion. He was a man of no especial culture for the\\nwork, but was zealous and earnest. He preached all over this country,\\nfrom Georgetown to Homer, for twenty years. It was never too stormy\\nnor cold for him to go forth to fill an appointment, or to perform an\\nact of kindness to the sick or suffering. In 1850 he went to Iowa.\\nMrs. Ray came here with her seven children, from Indiana, in 1842.\\nThough not among the earliest settlers, she and her family took an im-\\nportant part in strengthening the religious interests of the towm. She\\nwas a sincere christian mother, whose every thought, wish and desire\\nwas for the cause of religion and for her children s best interests. She\\ndied at the age of eighty-seven, in 1877, sincerely loved by the entire\\ncommunity. Her sons William and S. S. still reside here.\\nHenry Oakwood came from Ohio in 1833, and took up a farm in\\nwhat is now Oakwood township. He was a prominent and public-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0722.jp2"}, "723": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 619\\nspirited man. His son, Hon. J. H. Oakwood, came to reside in Catlin,\\nwhere he now lives, in 1851, on section 33. He has always been a\\nleader in public matters; was one of the earliest and staunchest friends\\nof the County Agricultural Society, and of every matter of permanent\\ninterest. He has been in past years largely engaged in farming and\\ncattle-raising. Mr. Oakwood was elected to the legislature in 1872,\\nand served during the protracted sessions of 1873 and 1874, at the time\\nwhen the revision of the statutes was being passed upon. As the\\npersonal representative of a farming community, while he did not for-\\nget his duties as a representative of other interests, he became strongly\\nidentified with every matter which had a bearing on the farm. Mr.\\nOakwood was again elected in 1876, and proved a very valuable and\\nuseful member. During this last term he was the colleague of Hon.\\nAlvan Gilbert, one of Vermilion county s most honored and valuable\\ncitizens.\\nHenry Jones came here from England in 1849. He had amassed\\na considerable fortune in the energetic prosecution of his trade, and,\\nhaving a large family of boys, came here to make his home. He bought\\nthe Whitcomb farm, and entered and bought land all around it, until\\nhe had about three thousand acres. He provided himself with fourteen\\nyoke of cattle to break prairie with, and stocked up pretty heavily with\\ncattle. He was a very large man, weighing over three hundred pounds,\\nand had all the traits of a hospitable, well educated English gentle-\\nman one of the real old stock. He engaged in partnership with\\nWilliam Bently and William Hinds, in the tanning business, and did\\na pretty fair business; but they were never able to get enough bark, the\\npeople all being too busy with their farm work when bark-peeling was\\nin its prime. Nothing is left of the old tan-yard but a fine spring of\\nwater. The eldest son, Richard, was the first station agent and first\\nbusiness man of Catlin was in trade a long time; was frequently elected\\nsupervisor, and was president of the town board. His tragic death\\ntragic in its surroundings will never be forgotten by the citizens of\\nCatlin. His sister, Mrs. Church, was entertaining her family and\\nfriends in honor of her fiftieth birthday. Dinner was served at six\\no clock, and at the moment when joy and music were filling the man-\\nsion of the hospitable lady, and everyone present was given over to\\ngladness, three young ladies were invited to sing. They commenced\\nto sing a sad, though favorite song, Mother, I ve come home to die,\\nwhen Mr. Jones straightened back in his chair and expired in an\\ninstant. The sadness which shrouded that gay company when it was\\nknown that death had taken from their very midst the good man who,\\nsince the death of his father, had been looked up to by every member", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0723.jp2"}, "724": {"fulltext": "620 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof the family as their head, was terrible to endure. The descent from\\nunmixed joy and hilarity into the grief which surrounds death, was\\nshocking, if not tragic.\\nSoon after the railroad was in operation, and Catlin had begun to\\ngrow into a place of note, the people concluded to have an old-\\nfashioned Fourth of July celebration. It was one of Henry Jones\\nfavorite desires to show these Yankees how they would celebrate such\\nan occasion in England, if they had ever been so fortunate as to have\\nsuch an affair there. He had been brought up under the lion and\\nthe unicorn, and had never been accustomed to see a Fourth of\\nJuly, and had held to the traditions of his fathers, that St. George\\nwas a bigger man than ever fourth of July was. But, on coming to\\nAmerica, he changed his mind, and became a thorough Yankee. To\\nhave the biggest celebration ever seen in the Wabash Valley was what\\nthe people of Catlin proposed, and preparations were made accord-\\ningly. Mr. Jones told them to go into his herd and slaughter all the\\nfat steers they wanted. If a dozen won t do em, take a hun erd, said\\nthe earnest Jonathan give em enough to eat, or they can t be\\nappy. He was unanimously chosen president of the day. The prep-\\narations went forward on the grandest scale. Twenty stalwart men\\nwere sent out, who spent a week soliciting provisions. Wagon trains\\nwere pressed into service to bring in of the abundance of the land.\\nNo such sight was ever seen until the commissary trains of the grand\\narmy of the Union took up the line of march into the sacred soil of\\nVirginia. The best band in Indiana was engaged, and Daniel Voor-\\nhees was^sent for, but previous engagements prevented his attendance,\\nand Dan Beckwith came in his stead. The preparations which had\\nbeen going on for weeks finally ushered in the glorious day. A whole\\nflock of eagles could not have added to the patriotic enthusiasm of the\\noccasion. Crowds of people came in from all the surrounding country,\\nand father Jones was appy. Catlin had not as yet been captured by\\nthe Good Templars, and the boys did not forget to drink bumpers to\\nthe old Englishman who had been converted into a live Yankee. The\\nfund of provisions was ample, and the baskets full of fragments which\\nthey took up were never counted, but there was enough to keep Jones\\nhogs for weeks, after having given away to all the poor they could\\nfind. Catlin can be depended on when her citizens get aroused.\\nBelow is a list of the township officers elected in Catlin since it was\\nset off as a separate township in 1858:", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0724.jp2"}, "725": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP.\\n621\\nDate.\\n1858.\\n1859.\\n1860.\\n1861.\\n1862.\\n1863.\\n1864.\\n1865.\\n1866.\\n1867.,\\n1868\\n1869.\\n1870.\\n1871..\\n1872.\\n1873.\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n1876.\\n1877.\\n1878.\\n1879.\\nVote.\\n.208.\\n.153.\\n.247.\\n.274.\\n.168.\\n.190.\\n.160.\\n.221.\\n.199.\\n.211.\\n.195.\\n.239.\\n.246.\\nSupprvisor. Clerk.\\n.Jesse Burroughs J. M. Goss\\n.Jesse Burroughs W. R. Timmons.\\n.Jesse Burroughs J. Crosby\\n.G. W. Pate J. Crosby\\n.A. G. Olmstead J. Crosby\\n.Jesse Burroughs .G. W. F. Church.\\nRichard Jones W. L. Hind\\nRichard Jones S. Calvert\\n.A. G. Olmstead .A. A. Sulcer\\n.J. A. Church C. L. Pate\\nRichard Jones P. Hains\\n.G. W. Pate P. Hains\\nG. W. Wolfe J. H. Hartley\\n.G. W. Wolfe J. H. Oakwood\\n.G. W. Wolfe Ed. Winter\\n.G. W. Wolfe Ed. Winter\\n.G. W. Tilton W. R. Timmons\\nRichard Jones F. Tarrant\\nRichard Jones Albert Church.\\n.G. W. Wolfe Albert Church.\\n.G. W. Wolfe Albert Church.\\nJ. W. Newlon Albert Church.\\nAssessor.\\nNoah Guymon.\\nC. L. Pate.\\nJ. Thompson\\nJ. Thompson\\nN. C. Howard\\nN. C. Howard\\nH. J. Oakwood\\nF. Allhands\\nR. Clearwater\\nE. P. Boggess\\nW. M. Ray....\\nW. M. Ray\\nW. M. Ray.\\nW. M. Ray..-.\\nW. M. Ray....\\nW. M. Ray....\\nJ. W. Newlon\\nJ. A. Church\\nJ. A. Church\\nWm. Jameson\\nWm. Jameson\\n,Wm. Jameson\\nCollector.\\nJ. A. Church.\\nG. W. Cook.\\nG. W. Cook.\\nJ. A. Church.\\nJ. A. Church.\\nF. Allhands.\\nR. Clearwater.\\nE. P. Boggess.\\nW. M. Ray.\\nJ. W. Newlon.\\nJ. W. Newlon.\\nS. W. Black.\\nS. W. Black.\\nW. F. Wolfe.\\nW. F. Wolfe.\\nHenry Lloyd.\\nHenry Lloyd\\nG. W. Wolfe, jr.\\nAlbert Church.\\nAlbert Church.\\nRELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION.\\nIt is believed that Rev. James McKain, who was, as early as 1828\\nor 1829, minister in charge of the Eugene circuit, was the first Meth-\\nodist minister to preach in this part of the county. Mrs. Pate speaks\\nof him and of Messrs. Hall, Anderson and French, as among the first\\npreachers here, and says the earlier preaching services were held at\\nFather Pate s, and at the house of Mr. Elliott. Her husband and her\\nbrother, Mr. Reynolds, are deserving of mention as among the early\\nlocal preachers who in those times had much of the pastoral labors put\\non them. Father Kingsbury is the only minister of the Presbyterian\\ndenomination found mentioned at that early day, and the names of\\nnone of other denominations are found in any account, or in the mem-\\nory of any of the oldest inhabitants. About ten years later, Rev. James\\nAshmore, of the Cumberland Presbyterians, commenced preaching in\\nthe western part of this town.\\nThe first edifice erected by the Methodists was the small building\\nnow occupied by Mr. Tarrant at Catlin village. It was built a half\\nmile north of its present location. Francis Whitcomb, David Fin ley,\\nAdam Pate, Thomas Keeney and wife, John Finley and wife, Mrs.\\nRay and her children, were the leaders in getting up this house of\\nworship. Rev. Mr. York was then pastor, and the charge belonged to\\nthe Danville circuit. The building was 20 x 30, and was built by Mr.\\nMills, probably in 1842. The charge was soon after this made a part", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0725.jp2"}, "726": {"fulltext": "622 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof the Homer circuit. The present house was built in 1857, under the\\npreaching of Rev. Peter Wallace. G. W. Pate, Thomas Williams,\\nThomas Keeney, the Rays, Isaac Wolf, Truman Williams and several\\nothers were active in the work of building this. It is 36x46, with a\\nsteeple, and is a comfortable house. It cost about $1,500. The num-\\nber of members is about forty. It afterward was changed to Fairmont\\ncircuit, and is now Catlin circuit. The Shiloh Methodist Society was\\norganized in 1854. Hamilton Boggess was the first class-leader, and\\ncontinued his faithful service in that position until he went to the\\narmy, where he remained faithful to every trust, as indeed he did\\neverywhere, until, stricken down by disease, he was called up higher.\\nHe died in the hospital at Nashville, a sacrifice, like thousands of\\nothers, to the unity of this nation. Mr. and Mrs. H. Boggess, Miss\\nPritchard, John Aldrige, Martin Roof and wife, John Busby and wife,\\nPeter Conrad and wife, M. B. Boggess and wife, Edwin Busby and\\nwife, and William Busby and wife, were the members of this class\\nwhich became the Shiloh charge. William Busby was another of this\\nlittle band who gave his life to his country. Rev. George Fairbanks,\\nwho resided in Homer, first preached here once in four weeks. Rev.\\nGeorge Bates is the present preacher in charge. Services are held in\\nthe school-house. The charge has usually numbered about thirty-five.\\nA union Sabbath-school is maintained in connection with the Cumber-\\nland Presbyterian. W. Douglass is superintendent.\\nThe Fairview M. E. Church is on the line between Catlin and\\nGeorgetown. The Bethel M. E. Church was organized as a class in\\n1869, with fifteen members. Under the preaching of Rev. John\\nHelmic, who held a protracted meeting in the school-house here, a\\nchurch of thirty-five members was organized. Preaching was held in\\nthe school-house until 1876, when the church was built. The building\\nis 28x40, a neat and tasty edifice, with a steeple, well painted and\\ncomfortably seated. It cost $1,400. The Rays, Thomas Williams,\\nE. P. Boggess and Clark Fetterplace were leading men in getting this\\nwork forwarded. The membership is about forty. A Sabbath-school,\\nunder the superintendency of William M. Ray, numbers about thirty-\\nfive.\\nA Sabbath-school was first taught by G. W. Pate in the little cabin\\nwhich was used for a school-house as early as 1838. Coffeen s Hand-\\nbook of Vermilion County says, p. 24: The first Sunday-school in\\nthe county, as also probably the first M. E. Church, was organized at\\nAsa Elliott s cabin. No dates are given, and no names; but it is\\nprobable that those pioneers of religious effort, the Pates (father and\\nson), and Reynolds and Elliott, were the promoters of this school, and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0726.jp2"}, "727": {"fulltext": "CATL1N TOWNSHIP. 623\\nthat the date was possibly anterior to the one given above on the\\nauthority of Mr. Ray. Jacob Wright, an elder of the Christian church,\\npreached here irregularly for two years, commencing in 1865, and\\norganized a church. The building was erected in 1873. It is 32 x 50,\\nwith steeple, and cost $1,800. Joel Acrec, Henry Foster and D.\\nRunyon were the leading men in erecting the house. Elder John\\nMyers is the present preacher. Preaching service is held every two\\nweeks, and disciple school each alternate Sabbath.\\nThe Cumberland Presbyterian church, known as Mt. Vernon, was\\norganized by Rev. James Ashmore, of Foster Presbytery, in 1840.\\nMr. Ashmore has been the pioneer preacher of that denomination for\\nall this portion of the county, having labored here for nearly fifty\\nyears, and organized churches, preached the gospel, and labored faith-\\nfully here during nearly all of his life. He now resides in Fairmount,\\nunder which heading the reader will find a more extended notice of\\nthis excellent man. Mr. Ashmore came here to preach in the Jordan\\nschool-house in June, 1840, and Mount Vernon church was organized\\nin the fall of that year, with about twenty members. Mr. and Mrs.\\nOak wood, Mr. and Mrs. Buoy, Mr. and Mrs. Allen, Mr. Hardin and\\nfamily, Mr. Davis and family, Mrs. McKinney and family, Mr. Martin\\nand family, were the first members. The first elders were: John\\nAllen, Laban Buoy, Jesse Burroughs and T. H. Morgan. For two\\nyears this church was in a constant state of revival, and Mr. Ashmore\\ncarried on the work with the assistance of Rev. Mr. Hill. At one\\ntime it numbered two hundred and fifty members. Its numbers were\\ngreatly reduced by death and removal. More than forty members\\nwent to Oregon, and not less than one hundred of them sleep in the\\nlittle church-yard. The pastors of the Mount Vernon church who\\nfollowed Father Ashmore were: Rev. Henry Woodward, who died in\\nKansas; Rev. David Vandeventer, who lives near Delevan Rev.\\nAllen Whitlock, now dead Rev. Jesse Beals, at Mattoon then Father\\nAshmore again. At present, Rev. W. R. Hendrick is pastor. A Sab-\\nbath-school numbering eighty, with Mr. Albert Voores superintendent,\\nis kept up.\\nCOAL.\\nThey have abundance of good coal at Catlin, but the depression in\\nthe coal trade has been so great that the enterprises have proved finan-\\ncial failures. The Hinds shaft was sunk in 1862 by William Hinds.\\nIt passed successively through the hands of Mr. Henderson, Isaac Wolf\\nand Mr. Jenkins, since which it has been closed. John Faulds put\\ndown a shaft near the railroad, west of town, in 1863. He reached a\\nsix-foot vein one hundred and forty -seven feet below the surface. It", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0727.jp2"}, "728": {"fulltext": "624 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas thought to be a great strike at that time, and men of figures\\nshowed by slate and pencil that the coal under each section of land\\nwould be worth about $12,000,000. The event was celebrated by a\\ngrand banquet in June, 1864, at which Capt. W. R. Timmons was\\ncalled on to preside, and, amid feasting and good cheer, G. W. Tilton,\\nthe poet laureate of Catlin, sang an original song, displaying in stately\\nnumbers the beauties and utilities of this grand Hole in the Ground.\\nThe occasion was one of delight, such as the wideawake citizens of\\nCatlin are pleased to engage in. Mr. Faulds supplied it with all the\\nnecessary machinery, and run it until 1870. Messrs. MeNair and\\nSweany then worked it for a while, when it went into disuse.\\nThe Ohio shaft, one and one-half miles east of Catlin, was sunk by\\na company of men from Youngstown, Ohio, in 1865. They found coal\\nat a depth of one hundred and twenty feet. This has changed hands\\noften, and has proved a financial loss. Charles Gones, who purchased\\nthe old Woodin farm, put down a shaft one mile northwest of Catlin,\\nnear the stream. He struck a six-foot vein at the depth of seventy\\nfeet, and at an expense of about $1,500. It is now leased by James\\nPayne, who is carrying it on successfully.\\nCATLIN VILLAGE.\\nWhen the Great Western railroad was built, a station was estab-\\nlished on section 34, and in 1856, Guy Merrill and Josiah Hunt laid\\nout the village of Catlin on that section. It consisted of twelve blocks\\nnorth and south of the depot grounds. At the same time Harvey\\nSandusky laid out and platted an addition lying south of and running\\nfrom the railroad west of the original town as far east as that plat did.\\nOn the 18th of March Josiah Sandusky platted an addition between\\nthis last and the railroad. April, 1858, Josiah platted and laid out his\\nsecond addition west of the original town. In 1863 J. H. Oakwood\\nlaid out an addition of two blocks north of the original town, and in\\nOctober, 1867, MeNair Co. laid out and platted the Coal Shaft addi-\\ntion along the railroad west, and west of Sanduskj^ s second addition.\\nThe place had been known so long as Butler s Point, that it at\\nonce became a place of considerable importance. Some of the most\\nenterprising citizens of the county have done business here.\\nRichard Jones was the first to begin business here after the railroad\\nwas built. He was station agent, bought grain and sold goods, and\\ncontinued in active business here for several years. Capt. W. R. Tim-\\nmons came here from Indiana in 1855, before the railroad was built,\\nand commenced selling goods in a room which he rented of G. W.\\nPate, just west of town. The place was known then as Butler s Point.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0728.jp2"}, "729": {"fulltext": "4 ^4^ c^e^ ^V***", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0729.jp2"}, "730": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0730.jp2"}, "731": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 02.5\\nIt was on the old stage road between Crawfordsville, Indiana, and\\nSpringfield. Mr. Pate was postmaster. Titnmons had one room of the\\nhouse, which at that time served for residence, store, post-office and\\ncountry tavern. When the village was laid out he built the store now\\nstanding in the northern part of the village, and moved his store there,\\nstill keeping on the state road, and was appointed the first postmaster\\nof Catlin. He continued in trade here for more than fifteen years.\\nHarvey Sandusky was a partner while he remained in the store on the\\nstate road, and Mr. Wolf for ten years after.\\nCapt. Timmons raised Co. A of the 25th Reg. 111. Vol., but was\\nprevented by sickness from going with them. He raised Co. D of the\\n35th Reg., and rendezvoused on the fair-ground. He marched with\\nthem and led them to victory for two years, when his health again\\ngiving out, he was obliged to return home. Fred Tarrant and John\\nSwanell had a nice drug store, which was continued for some years.\\nHenry Church commenced the grocery trade, and in 1857 S. Calvert\\ncommenced selling goods, and J. H. Oakwood and G. W. Pate opened\\na general retail store. Goss Sandusky commenced trade about the\\nsame time, or soon after, and were succeeded by Goss Lee.\\nAbout the close of the war, G. W. and S. R. Tilton came here.\\nThey were enterprising and thoroughly educated young men, have\\ncontinued in business till the present time, and have done their full\\nshare toward the advancement of Catlin. J. C. Clayton was the first\\nblacksmith. He had a large establishment, and engaged in making\\nmole-ditchers for B. Stockton, who had the right for several counties.\\nAddison JSTeff also had a blacksmith shop. Crosby, Cook Co. com-\\nmenced, in 1858, the manufacture of chairs, furniture, etc., a business\\nwhich the} 7 continued for some years. They employed six or eight\\nhands, and did a large, and for a time a very successful, business, but\\nthe changed condition of manufacture and the demands of the times\\nhave driven this line of business entirely out of the small villages, and\\nnow everybody has to go to the large cities for his chairs or a bedstead.\\nAlbert Heath came here in 1857, and erected the huge pile just south\\nof the railroad known as Heath s Folly. The building is 40 x 75,\\nthree stories high, with a large addition on the south side. It was\\nbuilt to contain three stores on the ground floor, a hotel in the second,\\nand a ball-room in the third. It was the largest building of any kind\\nin this part of the county, and far too large for Heath s purse or for\\nthe demands of the times. When he got it inclosed he failed and ran\\naway. Six years later the citizens bought it and presented it to Mr.\\nJenkins, who put a steam grist-mill into it. Mr. Jenkins had had a\\nconsiderable experience in milling, and did a good business. It had\\n40", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0731.jp2"}, "732": {"fulltext": "626 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntwo run of burrs, and was successful until Mr. Jenkins death. The\\nbuilding was never occupied either as a store or hotel. Capt. Timmons\\nwas the first postmaster, and was followed by the following officials in\\nturn: J. K. Turner, Thomas Church, Albert Church, Sam. R. Tilton,\\nL. C. Kyger and Arthur Jones.\\nINSTITUTIONS.\\nThe Catlin Brass Band was organized in 1866 by Frank Champion,\\nand has been kept up ever since.\\nThe Catlin graded school is under the efficient management of the\\nSchool Board, of which G. Wilse Tilton is president, and A. G. Payne,\\nsecretary. The school is under Principal W. J. Brinckley. The house\\nis a large and roomy three-story brick building, about 45 x 60, the up-\\nper story of which, however, belongs to the Masonic order, under a con-\\ntract which was entered, into at the time of building. The school has\\nalways been well conducted, and is evidently in good hands. Pupils\\nare carried through all the higher branches: rhetoric, botany, geome-\\ntry, zoology, higher arithmetic, physical geography and natural philoso-\\nphy, preparing graduates for first grade certificates under the laws of\\nthis state. The school year is eight months with three vacations.\\nThe Vermilion County Agricultural and Mechanical Association\\nwas organized in 1850. The first fair was held at Danville where the\\nPresbyterian church now stands. They elected officers, held the fair,\\ndeclared premiums, all in one day. There was no gate fee charged, and\\nonly about forty dollars paid in premiums. It does not appear where\\nthe money to pay this princely sum came from, but probably from\\nlicense fees charged to those who kept stands on the ground. The\\nsecond fair was held down on the bottom near the Red Bridge. This\\nwas such a decided improvement on the first one, that the farmers be-\\ngan to take heart. No fee was charged. People thought it was about\\nall it was worth to come the distance they must to see a fair. Harvey\\nSodasky, Samuel Baum, Martin Moudy and P. S. Spencer showed fine\\ncattle, and Ward H. Lamon, afterward President Lincoln s marshal and\\nbiographer, showed a fast horse and a monkey. Mr. J. H. Oakwood, Mr.\\nMilligan and Mr. Catlett were appointed a committee to fix up a plan\\nof organization. Nearly all the fine stock was then owned by the men\\nliving in this part of the county, and it was thought more convenient\\nto locate it at Butler s Point, where suitable grounds could be got at\\nvery reasonable rental. Forty acres of ground was rented and fenced,\\na good track laid out, an amphitheatre, floral and mechanical halls\\nerected, and good fairs have been held each year. Last year it was\\nthought best to hold it at Danville. The present officers are G. W.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0732.jp2"}, "733": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 627\\nTilton, president; W. T. Sandusky, vice-president; W. S. McClenna-\\nthan, secretary D. Douglas, treasurer. The fairs have increased in\\ngeneral interest each year, and have generally proved financially suc-\\ncessful.\\nThe Oakridge Cemetery was organized under the laws of the state\\nin August, 1868. Two burying-grounds had been previously occupied\\nfor resting-places for the dead. The old ground is near the railroad,\\nthree-fourths of a mile from the village. 1 It was the first place for\\nburial of the dead in this part of the county, and was never properly\\nplatted and mapped very many of the graves are not marked, and the\\nsurface indications have become obliterated, so that it was difficult to\\ntell where new graves might be dug without breaking into old ones.\\nHenry Jones laid out a family burying-ground on his own lands which\\nhas been used by some.\\nThe necessity was, therefore, apparent for a regular place to lay\\naway the dead in their last resting-place in an orderly way. A beauti-\\nful spot was selected, two acres of ground purchased and properly\\nplatted. Hon. J. H. Oakwood is president G. W. Tilton, secretary\\nG. W. Wolf, E. P. Boggess and W. M. Ray, directors.\\nCatlin Lodge, No. 285, Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted\\nOctober 7, 1858. The charter members were: Dr. Allen Lathram,\\nW.M., J. H. Goss, Albert Heath. David M. Woolin, Henry Oarigan,\\nWilliam Kyle and W. R. Timmons. The latter is the only one left of\\nthe original charter members. This has been the parent lodge of\\nMasonry in this portion of the county. One hundred and forty inter-\\nmediate, Passed and Accepted Masons have been put through the\\ncourse of instruction which entitles them to position in the order.\\nTwelve were sent out from here to start the Fairmount lodge, and\\nfifteen to Newtown, and some to others. No. 285 is everywhere recog-\\nnized as one of the best lodges in this part of the state. It now num-\\nbers sixty-five. Its successive masters in turn have been Dr. Lathram,\\nJ. H. Oakwood, W. R. Timmons, J. H. Goss, A. G. Olmstead, J. A.\\nFrazier, G. W. Tilton, J. C. Yance, Peter Wolf, J. H. Crosby and A.\\nG. Payne. It practically owns the room which is the third story of\\nthe seminary building, having paid for it when it was built, and have\\na ninety-nine years lease. The present officers are A. G. Payne,\\nW.M.; D. Douglas, S.W. J. W. Newlon, J.W. Albert Church,\\nsecretary J. W. Crutchley, treasurer; S. McGregor, S.D. J. D. Culp,\\nJ.D. M. Lenon, T. Lodge meets second and fourth Saturdays in\\neach month.\\nCatlin Lodge, I.O.O.F., No. 538, was constituted October, 1874.\\nJoseph Buckingham, N.G. Henry Martin, V.G.; J. C. Thorp, R.S.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0733.jp2"}, "734": {"fulltext": "628 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nSilas Clark, treasurer, and William Jameson, were charter members.\\nSeven were initiated the first night, making twelve original members.\\nThe lodge has always been a prosperous one. The Noble Grands have\\neach hung their portraits in the lodge-room. The present officers are:\\nSilas Clark, N.G. F. F. Torpenning, Y.G. Thomas Dale, secretary;\\nG. W. Tilton, treasurer. The lodge numbers thirty-three.\\nThe Catlin Grange, No. 4, Patrons of Husbandry, was, as its num-\\nber indicates, one of the first organized in the state. The charter\\nmembers were Jesse Davis, H. M. Payne, Joseph Culp, J. C. Sandusky,\\nJ. H. Hartley, A. G. Payne and J. C. Yance. It was strong in men\\nand firm in the faith, and probably did its share in increasing the crops,\\nkilling off the middle-men, and making the politicians dread the tillers\\nof the soil. It maintained an efficient organization for five years.\\nThe Sons of Temperance organized in 1871 and the Good Templars\\nin 1864. At the time of their organization there were four licensed\\nsaloons in Catlin. They lived and did good work in their respective\\norders until the last saloon was closed, and then disbanded. Catlin has\\nbeen a temperance village since then.\\nVILLAGE ORGANIZATION.\\nMarch 24, 1863, an election was held to vote for or against incorpora-\\ntion, Sanford Calvert presiding. Twelve votes were cast for, and none\\nagainst incorporation. April 3 an election was held for five trustees.\\nThe result was: for S. Hodges, 11 S.Calvert, 9; J. C. Clayton, 10 G.\\nW. F. Church, 8; Thos. Church, 8 A. C. Cord, K. Wilson, U. Winters,\\neach 6. S. Calvert was chosen president G. W. F. Church, clerk, and\\nDr. Richardson was chosen trustee in place of J. C. Clayton, who de-\\nclined to serve. Clayton is supposed to have been the first citizen of\\nthe town who declined official preferment, and some suppose him the\\nlast. The corporate limits were fixed as the west half of section 35 and\\neast half of section 34. At an election for police magistrate, July 25,\\ntwenty-eight votes were cast, and S. Calvert was elected. The new\\nboard established a set of ordinances to govern the town. The present\\nofficers are: S. Hodges, president; J. F. Crosby, C. Gones, L. C. Kyger,\\nA. G. Payne and S. W. Jones, trustees; D. H. Hazelrigg, police mag-\\nistrate; Albert Church, clerk; D. H. Torpenning, street commissioner.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nD. B. Douglass, Catlin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 11th of October, 1827, and is the son of\\nCyrus and Ruby Douglass, who were natives of Virginia and Pennsyl-\\nvania, and came to the county in an early day, and were the first", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0734.jp2"}, "735": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 629\\ncouple married in the county. Mr. D. B. Douglass made a trip to\\nCalifornia in 1853, and in 1861 went to the western territories, re-\\nturning in 1866. He was married on the 5th of September, 1855, to\\nMiss Ann Downing, a native of Kentucky, born on the 25th of De-\\ncember, 1825. They have three sons and two daughters: Samuel,\\nEliza, Allen, Bell and George. Mr. Douglass has three hundred and\\ntwenty-six acres of land with good improvements, which are the fruits\\nof his own management and attendance strictly to his own affairs. He\\nhas thus gained the good will of all his neighbors, and is respected\\nby all who know him.\\nLura Guyman, Catlin, farmer, was born in Hartford, Connecticut,\\non the 20th of August, 1793, and was married to Noah Guyman, May,\\n1812, who was a native of North Carolina and came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1829, and resided where Mrs. Guyman now lives until his\\ndeath in 1861. He served in the Blackhawk war in 1832, under Col.\\nMoore. She is the mother of one son and one daughter now living\\nFranklin N. and Mary H. Payne, who is the mother of three children\\nMilton N., Lura E., wife of George Trimmell, and Jessie L., wife of\\nJ. G. Redmon. Mrs. Guyman has been a practicing physician in the\\ncounty for sixty years, and has been at the births of over one thousand\\nchildren, always making her visits on horseback; consequently she has\\nridden more miles on horseback than any other woman in the state.\\nShe is now eighty-six years of age, and attends a garden of one-fourth\\nof an acre, that would do credit to any man in the county.\\nJames T. Yount, Fairmount, farmer, was born in Gallion county,\\nKentucky, on the 30th of March, 1813, and came to Yermilion county\\nwith his parents in 1829, and first located eight miles west of where\\nM. Yount now resides. One of Mr. Yount s brothers was in the Black-\\nhawk war. Mr. Yount has been twice married. His former wife was\\nEmaline Halden. They were married in 1857. She was born in\\nMonroe county, Virginia, on the 23d of March, 1841, and died in 1864.\\nHis second marriage was to Eliza E. Worl, on the 22d of June, 1877.\\nShe was born in 1849. Mr. Yount has two children by his former\\nwife Mary E. and William G., and one by his present wife Charles.\\nJoel Acree, Catlin, farmer, with his father and family, arrived in\\nthis county in 1829, and located in Catlin township, coming from Ala-\\nbama. His father bought one hundred and thirty acres of raw land\\nand built a cabin, and the second year put in cultivation thirty acres\\nand became one of the prominent farmers of the county. Milling was\\ndifficult on account, of the long distances and unbridged streams.\\nWhen a boy, Mr. Acree has often taken a single sack of corn on horse-\\nback as far as ten, and sometimes fifteen, miles in order to obtain a", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0735.jp2"}, "736": {"fulltext": "630 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nlittle meal for immediate family use. For a number of years after the\\ndeath of his father (who died in 1835) Mr. Acree continued to reside\\nwith his mother and family, tilling, to the best of his ability, the posi-\\ntion naturally devolving upon him as the eldest son. In 1848 he took\\nto himself a wife, the object of his choice being Miss Eloessa Yount,\\ndaughter of William and Cathrine (Sacra) Yount, old settlers of the\\ncounty. Mr. Acree remained on the old homestead and bought out\\nthe other heirs, and became sole proprietor. He has added to it until\\nthe farm now embraces four hundred and eighty-five acres of well-\\nimproved land. Mr. Acree is to be congratulated on his past success,\\nand it is but just to add that in a large measure he has been assisted\\nby a noble, self-denying wife who has not only saved her husband s hard\\nearnings, but has materially added from time to time thereto. Two\\nchildren only are spared to them as the fruits of their marriage: Mrs.\\nMary C. (Tho. A. Taylor) and Mattie, wife of L. McDonald.\\nJ. W. Acree, Fairmount, farmer, was born in Alabama on the 15th\\nof October, 1825, and came with his parents to Vermilion county in\\n1829. On the 4th of March, 1852, Mr. Acree took himself a life-\\npartner, his choice being Miss Lydia Brady, daughter of John and\\nRosanna Brady, who were early settlers of this county. She was born\\nin Brown county, Ohio, on the 6th of November, 1832. They have\\nbeen blessed with a family of two sons and one daughter: Jerod\\nRosanna (now wife of E. C. Lee), and Wallace. Mr. and Mrs. Acree\\nare both united with the C. P. Church. Mr. Acree owns a tine farm\\nof two hundred and thirty-tive acres, which is the fruit of his own\\nindustry.\\nJohn A. Church, Catlin, was born in Greenbrier county, in what is\\nnow West Virginia, on the 20th of August, 1827. In the fall of 1830\\nhis family moved to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled at Butler s\\nPoint. Mr. Church s father still resides on the place originally settled,\\nand is now in the seventy-third year of his life. Mr. Church s mother,\\nformerly Miss Ruth Caraway, died on the 14th of February, 1850, and\\nwas buried at Butler s Point. She was the mother of ten children,\\nseven of whom were raised, and five are now living: John A., William,\\nSarah, Joseph and Charles, all of Catlin township. Mary, the wife of\\nFrank Guyman, and Ruth, both died in the same township, the former\\nin 1862, and the latter about 1854. Mr. Church was about three years of\\nage on his arrival in this county, and has lived all his life within a mile\\nof the place first settled. He was married to Miss Mary Lore on the 27th\\nof September, 1849, at the house of the bride s parents in Catlin town-\\nship. He settled down immediately to farm-life, and taught school in\\nthe winter for some three years. By strict economy, and the simplest", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0736.jp2"}, "737": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 631\\nmode of living, enough money was saved up the first six years to make\\na payment of $500 on an improved forty acres of land, on which he\\nimmediately moved, and which was paid for in due time, and now\\nforms a part of the present fine farm of one hundred and seventy\\nacres, lying two miles northwest of Catlin, and on which the proprietor\\nlived till the fall of 1874, when he settled in Catlin, where he has\\nbought a handsome little property. As the fruits of their marriage,\\nMr. Church and lady have been blessed with two bright, interesting\\ndaughters: Miss Edwina and Miss Clara. Alexander, Mr. Church s\\nfather, was also raised and married in Virginia, in the county already\\nmentioned, and is now one of the old and honored pioneers of Ver-\\nmilion county. Mrs. Church s ancestry, the Loves, are also of an old\\nand well-known Virginia family, and were also settlers in that state\\nwhen it was a British colony. Her father, William, was born in the\\nsame state in 1803. He married a Miss Elizabeth Gish, and immedi-\\nately moved to Highland county, Ohio, where they landed about 1826.\\nThey arrived in Danville, Illinois, in 1830, where they resided till 1839,\\nwhen they moved to Catlin township, where they both died, he in the\\nspring of 1868, and she in the spring of 1871.\\nThomas H. Keeney, Catlin, section 32, farmer, was born in what\\nwas then known as Greenbrier county, Virginia, on the 12th of March,\\n1803, and came to Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1831. He is now\\nliving close to where he settled when he first came to the county.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Keeney, wife of Thomas H. Keeney, was a native of\\nGreenbrier county, Virginia. She was born on the 31st of March,\\n1810, and died on the 8th of August, 1868. Mr. Keeney is the father\\nof six sons and three daughters by his first wife, of whom four are liv-\\ning Hamilton F. Lucretia William F. and Amanda. The names\\nof the deceased are: John A.; David; Mary E. James T. and\\nJoseph S. Mr. Keeney has been a constant member of the M. E.\\nchurch for thirty-five years.\\nJohn Thompson, deceased, was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania,\\non the 21st of May, 1797. He was a youth of spirit and adventure,\\nand though only sixteen years of age, served as a courier in the war of\\n1812. When the Americans crossed into Canada at Niagara, on the\\nnight of the 12th of October, 1812, and seized the heights of Queens,\\ntown, he volunteered to go with the assaulting column, and as the fruit\\nof his daring, ever after bore on his left arm an ugly saber scar. He\\ntaught school, and traveled extensively in the United States, passing\\nover thirteen of them and the upper British provinces before he was\\ntwenty-seven years old. About this time (1824) he was married to\\nEster Payne, in Dearborn county, Indiana, where he had located the", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0737.jp2"}, "738": {"fulltext": "632 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nyear before. In the fall of 1831 he removed to Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, and settled two miles north of Catlin, where he died, on the 13th\\nSeptember, 1861. He was an early assessor and county commissioner;\\nfarmed, taught school, and always in business, a man of sound judg-\\nment, large experience and practical talents. His sons were Louis M.,\\nSylvester D., Philander (dead), John P. (dead). Daughters: Melissa,\\nwife of Sale S. Ray Martha J., wife of Maj. Wilson Burroughs Mary\\nH., wife of Rev. Isaiah Yillars and Harriet, wife of Dr. John J. Mc-\\nElroy.\\nDennis Rouse, Catlin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Scioto\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 14th of February, 1828, and came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1832 with his parents, and first settled two and one-half\\nmiles east of Danville, his parents dying, when he was quite young.\\nHe started without anything, and at the present is the owner of a fine\\nfarm of seven hundred and twenty acres, within eight miles of Dan-\\nville, which is the result of his own labor. On the 29th of October,\\n1850, Mr. Rouse was married to Miss Louisa Olehy, a native of Scioto\\ncounty, Ohio, born on the 20th of December, 1834. By their marriage\\nthey have three children Reazon, Lillie J. and Dennis A. One child\\ndied Emma.\\nThomas Brady, farmer and stock-raiser, section 2, Catlin township,\\nis the son of John and Rosanna Brady. He was born in what is now\\nCatlin township, on the 8th of October, 1832. His father was a native\\nof Virginia, but removed to Brown county, Ohio, as early as the year\\n1825. In 1832 he again moved, this time locating in Vermilion coun-\\nty, Illinois. Being one of the early pioneers, he had the choice of loca-\\ntion, and being from a timbered country, he located in the timber near\\nwhere the county farm now is. Here he improved a large farm, and\\nraised a family of fourteen children, five sons and nine daughters, of\\nwhom there are now only seven daughters and three sons living Han-\\nnah A., who has been an invalid since four years old. She resided in\\nthis county until 1876, and then moved to Kansas and began farming\\non her own account on quite an extensive scale. Sarah, wife of the\\ndeceased M. Oakwood Ailcy, wife of the deceased J. Burroughs, and\\nnow wife of J. Wherry.; Johnathan T. Lidy, wife of J. W. Acree\\nThomas, the subject of our sketch Marsala, formerly wife of Wm.\\nMcCoy, deceased, and now wife of H. Leonard Rosanah, wife of Wm.\\nFinley during his life, and now wife of Wm. Gerling, who is exten-\\nsively engaged in gold mining in California John, now on the old\\nhome farm Jane, wife of L. Burroughs till his death, and now wife of\\nN. R. Mills. The names of the deceased are: Nancy, Joseph, Mary\\nand Ennis. Thomas Brady, the subject of our sketch, was united in", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0738.jp2"}, "739": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 633\\nmarriage to Miss America Finley, daughter of Maholon and Margaret\\nFinley, on the 1st of March, 1855. She also is a native of Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois. She was born on the 4th of May, 1833, and is a\\nwoman seldom equaled in her taste of decorating and making a home\\npleasant. Until 1874 he had resided three miles west of Danville.\\nHe then removed to his present home in Catlin township, where he\\nowns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres, beautifully lo-\\ncated, within one mile of the village of Catlin, this being his home\\nfarm. He also owns one hundred and sixty acres where he formerly\\nresided, west of Danville. This fine property has been the result of\\nhis own energy, industry and economy.\\nB. C. Pate, Catlin, section 21, son of Adam and Elizabeth Pate, was\\nborn in Catlin, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 12th of July, 1832.\\nHis father was one of the early settlers of the county, coming in 1829,\\nand settling where B. C. Pate now resides. He was a native of Mont-\\ngomery county, Virginia, born on the 19th of December, 1791, and\\ndied on the 8th of February, 1867. His wife, Elizabeth, was a native\\nof Virginia, born on the 12th of December, 1794, and died on the 8th\\nof October, 1874. They both remained at the old homestead until\\ntheir death. B. C. Pate was united in marriage on the 22d of Decem-\\nber, 1857, to Miss Rebecca Tanner. She was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, in 1839. They have been blessed with five children Lafay-\\nette P., Horace M., Asa Clay, Oiver C. and George W. Mrs. P. is a\\nmember of the M. E. church. Mr. P. is a member. of the A.F. A.M.,\\nCatlin Lodge, No. 285.\\nReece Cook, Catlin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ripley\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 25th of April, 1817, and came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1831. He first settled at Grape Creek, and in 1834 removed\\nfive miles southwest of Danville, where his mother now resides. His\\nfather died in 1846. On the 30th of January, 1845, Mr. Cook married\\nMiss A. J. Hartley. She is a native of what was then Monongalia\\ncounty, Virginia, and was born on the 19th of June, 1821. She came\\nto Vermilion county in 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are pioneers of this\\ncounty, and are respected by the citizens of the county. They are\\nmembers of the C. P. church.\\nW. A. Church, Catlin, farmer, was born in Catlin township, Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 13th of July, 1833, and has never been\\nout of the county over a month at a time. He was married in 1853 to\\nMiss Hester A. Douglass, who was born on the 7th of October, 1834, in\\nA r ermilion county. They have three sons and two daughters Sarah\\nD., wife of J. Acree; William J., Laura A., wife of L. Busby; Thos.\\nW. and Charles S. Mr. Church owns a fine farm of three hundred", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0739.jp2"}, "740": {"fulltext": "(j;34 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand thirty -live acres, with good improvements, most of which he has\\nmade himself.\\nHon. Jacob H. Oakwood, Catlin, was born in Brown county, Ohio,\\non the 18th of November, 1828. In 1833 his parents and family\\narrived in Vermilion county, Illinois, and made a settlement in what\\nis now Oakwood township, near the present little town of Oakwood,\\nboth named in memory of this family. Here Mr. Oakwood s father\\ncontinued to reside till removed by death in 1855, and his remains now\\nrepose in the Mount Vernon Church cemetery, of Catlin township, a\\ncongregation that he was largely instrumental in building up, and of\\nwhich he became a member about the time of its organization, and\\nwhere he continued to worship up to the time of his decease. His\\nwife, still living, now in the eighty-sixth year of her life, has also been\\nfor many years a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and\\nis now one of the venerable pioneer ladies of the county. They raised\\na family of nine children, four of whom are yet living Henry, Michael,\\na Methodist clergyman, and Mrs. Margaret (George A.) Fox, residents\\nof Oakwood township, and Jacob, of Catlin. The others, Mrs. Amanda\\n(Eev. Eli) Helmick, Samuel, Mrs. Matilda (Henry) Sallie, Martin K.\\nand Morgan H., all died in this county, and near the old homestead.\\nThose living are well-to-do in life, respected and well known through-\\nout the county. Their opportunities of a literary character were rather\\nlimited, as was commonly the case in the first settlement of the country\\nnevertheless, by a diligent use of the means afforded, they each became\\nvery fair scholars for the times, and five of the brothers became teachers,\\nincluding the subject of this sketch, who commenced the business when\\nonly about twenty years old, and continued it some four years, during\\nthe winter seasons. On the 14th of February, 1851, he was united in\\nmarriage to Miss Mary I. Caraway, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth\\n(McCorkle) Caraway, old settlers of this county and of Catlin town-\\nship. This marriage has been productive of eight children, four living:\\nCharles H., George W., Miss Emma J. and Annie. Three died in\\ninfancy, and Mary E., the eldest, a bright, promising daughter. After\\nhis marriage Mr. Oakwood settled down upon a farm, and turned his\\nattention to agriculture, and has given it that scientific consideration\\nnow regarded as essential to this all-important industry. In a short\\ntime his knowledge and proficiency became such that he was elected\\nto the presidency of the Vermilion County Agricultural Society, which\\nhe has served, either in the capacity of president or secretary, excepting\\na few intervals, for the last twenty years. With other leading agricul-\\ntural gentlemen of his county, he has used his best influences to secure\\nthe introduction of suitable and improved farming implements and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0740.jp2"}, "741": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 685\\nthorough-bred stock, and has had the satisfaction of seeing a vast im-\\nprovement in the mechanical tillage of the soil, and in the quality of\\nthe different breeds of live-stock. He has not only been actively en-\\ngaged in furthering the material developments of the country, but has\\ngiven a large share of his attention to political questions and public\\nmeasures. His first presidential vote was given for Gen. Winfield\\nScott, the last but unsuccessful whig nominee. Upon the dissolution\\nof this organization, he went, with the great .majority of the whigs of\\nthe north, into the republican party, the organization of which was\\ncompleted in 1856, and he has acted in conjunction with this party\\never since. In 1872 he was elected to the state legislature, as one of\\nthe representatives on the republican ticket, for the thirty-first sena-\\ntorial district, including Vermilion and Edgar counties. While in the\\nlegislature he proved himself active, capable and efficient, and secured\\nthe passage of several important bills, among which are the present\\nroad law, the modification of the school law in such a manner as to\\ngrant certificates of second grade to teachers qualified in what is com-\\nmonly known as the seven branches, the original criterion of qualifica-\\ntion and the cutting down of the homestead and exemption law to a\\ndefinite sum, not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars a thousand dollars\\nof real estate, and five hundred, personal property. He served on the\\ncommittees of public charities, civil service and retrenchment, and while\\nengaged in these duties, visited the public charitable institutions of the\\nstate, in order to perfectly acquaint himself with their actual condition\\nand wants, and to render himself better qualified to assist in necessary\\nappropriations, without voting away the people s money in response to\\nunnecessary demands, which are more or less made upon every legis-\\nlature. During his entire incumbency his official action compares well\\nwith that of other capable gentlemen who have heretofore represented\\nthe people of his district, and as he is yet young, we confidently expect\\nthat his name will again appear in connection with some of the honor-\\nable positions within the gift of the people. Mr. Oakwood s family are\\nof German descent through both lines. His father, Henry, was born\\nin East Tennessee; moved early to Kentucky, where he married Miss\\nMargaret Remley, a native of Pennsylvania, whose parents were also\\nearly settlers of Kentucky, coming down the Ohio River in a flat-boat\\nwhen hostile bands of savages menaced the emigrant from either shore.\\nA short time after their marriage they moved to Brown county, Ohio,\\nthe native county of General Grant, with whose parents they were\\nwell acquainted and upon intimate terms of friendship. Mrs. Sarah\\nHickman, deceased, of Vermilion county, is the only sister of his father\\nthat Mr. Oakwood recollects, and the presumption is the family was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0741.jp2"}, "742": {"fulltext": "636 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncomposed of only the brother and sister. Owing to the loss of early-\\nrecords, the origin of the family cannot be definitely traced in its more\\nearly settlement in this country farther than is already given in the\\npreceding sketch.\\nJesse Davis, Catlin, farmer, section 36, was born in Pickaway\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 24th of October, 1832. He came with his parents\\nto Vermilion county in 1833, and settled where Mr. Davis now resides.\\nHis parents were natives of Virginia, and removed to Ohio in an early\\nda} 7 thence to this county, where they remained until their death.\\nMr. Davis died in 1834, and Mrs. Davis in 1870. Jesse Davis was\\nunited in marriage to Miss M. E. Hyett, a native of Davis county,\\nKentucky, bornNm the 24th of November, 1838. They have two\\nsons and two daughters: Clara J., Yan C, Scott G. and Minnie L.\\nMr. Davis is member of A.F. A.M., Catlin Lodge, No. 285.\\nSamuel Cook, Westville, farmer, Catlin, was born in Clermont\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 4th of October, 1825. He came west and settled\\nin Vermilion county, on the 4th of October, 1834. He remained with\\nhis parents in Georgetown township for some time. He has been\\ntwice married first, to Amanda M. Graves. She was born in this\\ncounty on the 18th of August, 1833, and departed this life on the 19th\\nof August, 1866. The second time he married to Martha E. Citizen,\\non the 14th of April, 1870, a native of Warren county, Indiana, born\\non the 25th of July, 1839. He had six children by his former wife:\\nGeorg W., James P., Mary E. (now wife of J. A. Wherry), Charles,\\nand two deceased: Margaret, Ellen. By his present wife he is the\\nfather of three children: Freddie, Bertie J. and John F. Mr. Cook\\nowns a fine farm of two hundred and eighty acres, with good improve-\\nments. He has been an industrious and public-spirited man, and is\\nrespected by all who know him.\\nG. W. Wolfe, Catlin, farmer and stock-raiser, section 33, is a son of\\nHenry an Ann Wolfe, and was born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, on\\nthe 22d of February, 1832. At two and a half years of age he came,\\nwith his parents, to Illinois, and settled within four miles of where Mr.\\nWolfe now resides. They first located on what is now known as the\\nJ. H. Oakwood farm, where they remained until their death. G. W.\\nWolfe, who is the subject of our sketch, was united in marriage on the\\n22d of October, 1854, to Miss Ann Caraway, a daughter of Charles and\\nElisabeth Caraway, who were among the early settlers of the county.\\nThey are blessed with a family of five children, three sons and two\\ndaughters: Charles H., John M., Abraham L., Martha B., Bertha.\\nOne child died in infancy. Mr. Wolfe has held the office of supervisor\\nfor seven years, and other local offices of the township. He is a member", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0742.jp2"}, "743": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 637\\nof the A.F. A.M., of Catlin Lodge, No. 285, and politically is a\\nstaunch republican. He and his wife are regular members of the C. P.\\nchurch. Mr. Wolfe owns a fine farm of one hundred and eighty acres,\\non which he has made most of the improvements.\\nJohn W. Newlon, Catlin, section 12, is a son of Thomas B. and\\nAngeline Newlon. She was the daughter of S. Griffith, who was one\\nof the pioneers of the county, coming in 1822. Thomas B. Newlon,\\nJohn W. Newlon s father, was a native of Virginia, and removed to\\nChampaign county, Ohio, at an early day thence to Vermilion county\\nin the fall of 1835. J. W. Newlon, the subject of our sketch, was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 13th of June, 1840. He\\ntook an active part in the late rebellion. He enlisted in Co. I, 35th\\nReg. 111. Vol. Inf., on the 3d of July, 1861, and was at the battles of\\nPea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and all the\\nbattles attending Sherman s campaign to Atlanta. He was at the\\nsiege of Atlanta, and was mustered out on the 19th of September,\\n1864. He returned to Vermilion countv, and was united in marriage\\non the 19th of September, 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Taylor, who is the\\ndaughter of Thomas B. and Ivea Taylor. She was born in Tippecanoe\\ncount} Indiana, on the 2d of February, 1845. They have five chil-\\ndren one son and four daughters: Tempie I., Norah, Mildred A.,\\nEvaline and Lowell T. Mr. Newlon is now township supervisor. He\\nhas served as assessor and township collector. He also is a member\\nof the A.F. A.M., Catlin Lodge, No. 285.\\nCharles T. Caraway, Catlin, section 29, was born in Catlin town-\\nship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 22d of October, 1838. His\\nparents came to the county in 1829-30. His father was born in Green-\\nbrier county, Virginia, in 1787, and died in 1838. His mother was\\nalso a native of Virginia, and died in 1848. Mr. Caraway was united\\nin marriage, in 1865, to Miss Jennie Dougherty, a native of Ohio\\ncounty, Indiana. She was born on the 20th of October, 1844. They\\nhave three children Warren E., Charles H., Nellie B. Mr. Caraway\\nis a member of the A.F. A.M., Catlin Lodge, 285. He served in the\\nlate rebellion, in Co. I, 35th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., and was in the battles\\nof Pea Ridge, Stone River, Perry ville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge,\\nwhere he was wounded, and was at the siege of Corinth.\\nA. G. Payne, Catlin, son of John and Verlitta Payne, was born in\\nDanville township, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 20th of May,\\n1838. On the 2d of January, 1859, he was united in marriage to Miss\\nRhoda Green, a native of Jefferson county, Indiana, born on the 13th\\nof January, 1840. By this union they have been blessed with five\\nchildren, of whom three are living: Charles W., John H. and Udocia", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0743.jp2"}, "744": {"fulltext": "638 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nV. The names of the deceased are Margaret M. and Hettie H. Mr.\\nPayne is a chapter member of the Masonic lodge, No. 82, Danville,\\nand also a member of Catlin lodge, No. 285. Mr. Payne took an active\\npart in the rebellion. He enlisted on the 14th of September, 1861, as\\nprivate in Co. C, 5th 111. Cav. On the 21st of August, 1862, he was\\nappointed corporal, and, on the 13th of March, 1863, sergeant. He\\nreenlisted on the 1st of January, 1861, in the same regiment and in the\\nsame company, and was appointed quartermaster-sergeant on the 1st\\nof September, 1864. On the 17th of February of that year he was\\nmade first sergeant, and first lieutenant on the 19th of May, 1865. He\\nwas promoted to brigade provost-marshal on the 25th of August, 1865\\nand to captain of Co. D on the 4th of October, 1865. Mr. Payne was\\nat the siege of Vicksburg and Champion Hill, Yazoo City, Jackson,\\nMississippi, Grand Gulf, and others. He was mustered out on the\\n27th of October, 1865, and returned to Vermilion county, where he\\nengaged in farming until 1871, and since then he has been in the mer-\\ncantile business, the firm being now known as Payne Crutchley.\\nS. T. Ellsworth, Westville, farmer, was born in Shelby county, Ohio,\\non the 11th of October, 1817, and came to Vermilion county in 1838.\\nHe then went to Springfield, Illinois, and there remained for a while,\\nand then returned to Ohio in 1839. He came back to this county in\\n1840, and purchased his present farm in 1853, where he has been a\\nprominent resident ever since. On the 17th of August, 1841, he was\\nmarried to Miss A. Graves, a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky.\\nShe was born on the 15th of October, 1822, and came to this county in\\nabout 1828. They have had a family of seven children: Mary E., wife\\nof I. Burroughs Margaret M., wife of W. W. Current during her life;\\nJacob P. Sarah M., wife of W. D. Parker; Evaline M., wife of G. H.\\nWatson; Levi L. and Catharine. Mr. Ellsworth owns one hundred and\\nsixty -five acres of land, on which he has made the improvements. His\\npolitical views are republican.\\nC. F. Pillars, Oakwood, farmer, section 25, son of Samuel and Icy\\nPillars, was born in Kosciusko county, Indiana, on the 16th of Decem-\\nber, 1836. He came to Vermilion county with his parents in 1842, and\\nsettled near Danville. Here he remained two years, and then went to\\nOakwood township, and from there to where he now resides. He served\\nin the rebellion, in the 35th 111. Vol. Inf. He was married to Miss\\nAnn E. Seymore, on the 14th of May, 1862. She is a native of Mont-\\ngomery county, Indiana, and was born on the 23d of December, 1837.\\nThey are the parents of five children Eva M., Alvina, Martha, Cor-\\nnelia, and Emma, deceased. Mr. Pillars is a member of the I.O.O.F.\\nlodge. He owns one hundred and ninety-six acres of land.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0744.jp2"}, "745": {"fulltext": "CATLIX TOWNSHIP. 639\\nJohn Parker, Catlin, farmer, was born in Bourbon county, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 19th of March, 4819, and removed to Marion county,\\nIndiana, in 1836, where his parents were among the early settlers.\\nHis father died in 1842. Mr. Parker came to Vermilion county in\\n1844, and settled at Brooks Point, where he remained eight years.\\nHe then removed to where he now resides. He was married on the 23d\\nof November, 1821, to Hannah Clark, and they have eleven children\\nDrusilla, Sarah, Mary E., William D., John M., Ann E., James W.,\\nOscar F., George W., Henry P., and Clinton W.\\nJ. Col. Vance, Oakwood, section 20, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 2d of June, 1844. His father, John W., came to Ver-\\nmilion county in about 1823 or 1824, where he was one of the first set-\\ntlers of the county. He was born in Champaign county, Ohio, on the\\n18th of March, 1782, and died where his son now resides, on the 6th\\nof May, 1857. He was elected representative two terms in an early\\nday. His wife, Deziah Rathburn, was born in Meigs county, Ohio,\\non the 2d of September, 1813, and died on the 23d of November, 1865.\\nTheir family consisted of two sons and four daughters Horace W.\\nHelen, wife of J. Wilson, and Bridget A. J. Col., the subject of our\\nsketch Lura G., wife of S. R. Tilton, and Josephine L., wife of L.\\nSteele, and three deceased Marion W., Mariah C. and Joseph C. J.\\nCol. Vance took an active part in the rebellion. He enlisted in 1862,\\nin Co. A, 71st 111. Vol. Inf., and served his time out, and enlisted in\\n1864 in Co. F, 26th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., and served until the close of\\nthe war. He was engaged in the battles of Resaca, Atlanta and others.\\nHe was with Sherman on the march to the sea at the battle of Savan-\\nnah city, Columbia, South Carolina, Fayetteville, Goldsborough, and\\nwas at the general review at Washington, District of Columbia. He\\nreturned home in July, 1865, and was united in marriage on the 19th\\nof November, 1868, to Miss Lydia E. Mathewman, born in Jefferson\\ncounty, Iowa, on the 18th of July, 1851. By their union they have\\nbeen blessed with four children Alta D., John F., Alice A., Clara J.,\\nand one deceased, Frank. Mr. Vance is a member of the A.F. A.\\nM., Catlin Lodge, No. 285.\\nA. A. Taylor, Catlin, farmer, was born in Tippecanoe county, Indi-\\nana, on the 9th of December, 1832, and came to Vermilion county with\\nhis parents in 1845. Mr. Taylor served in the army, enlisting in Co.\\nI, 35th 111. Vol. Inf., in 1861, and served three years. He was in the\\nbattles of Stone River and Chickamauga, in which he was severely\\nwounded, Mission Ridge and Atlanta. Soon after the war he came\\nhome, and was married to Miss Anna Mevill. They have one son\\nand one daughter: Jennie M. and George A.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0745.jp2"}, "746": {"fulltext": "640 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nH. H. Catlett, Fairniount, farmer, was born in Albemarle county, Vir-\\nginia, on the 21st of October, 1823, and in 1828 went with his parents\\nto Alabama. He went to Tennessee in 1830, and to Fayette county,\\nOhio, in 1835. In 1846 he came to Vermilion county, and soon after\\npurchased the farm where his brother now resides. Mr. Catlett was\\nunited in marriage in 1858 to Miss Lucinda Roudebnsh, a native of\\nClermont county, Ohio, born in 1838. By this union they have four\\nchildren Nellie T., George R., Percy L., Corinne C. Mr. and Mrs.\\nCatlett are members of the Baptist church, and Mr. C. is a member of\\nA.F. A.M.\\nW. T. Sandusky, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, is the son of\\nWilliam and Julia Sandusky, who were natives of Kentucky and Vir-\\nginia, and resided in Bourbon county, Kentucky, at the time of the\\nbirth of W. T. Sandusky, on the 11th of March, 1829, but removed,\\nhowever, to Shelby county, Illinois, the same year, where his father\\ndied, 1830, and his mother in 1839, leaving Mr. Sandusky to act for\\nhimself. Mr. Sandusky came to Vermilion county having only a\\nhorse and sixteen dollars in money. He followed herding cattle and\\ndriving them to the eastern market, working live years for ten and\\nthirteen dollars per month. In 1853 he went to California where he\\nfollowed mining and superintending a farm. He then returned to this\\ncounty in 1856, and hence to Putnam county, Indiana, where he en-\\ngaged in the hotel business until 1866. He then again returned to Ver-\\nmilion county and purchased his present farm of live hundred acres,\\nwhich is adapted to his business of stock-raising. On the 1st of De-\\ncember, 1859, he was married to Miss Emily Clements, a native of\\nOhio, born in 1839. They have two daughters: Maggie and Katie.\\nFrederick Jones, Catlin, dry-goods, was- born in London, England,\\non the 28th of May, 1844, and came with a colony of twenty-four per-\\nsons to this county in 1849, and settled at Butler s Point. The family\\nconsisted of seven children Arthur, Richard (now deceased), Sarah\\nE., Eliza, Emily, Louisa and our subject. Mr. Jones was united in\\nmarriage on the 5th of December, 1866, to Miss Harriet A. Dickinson,\\nwho was born in England on the 28th of December, 1847. By this\\nunion they have seven children James. Emma, Richard, Harriet A.,\\nSarah, Frederick and Elizabeth.\\nArthur Jones, Catlin, merchant, was born in London, England, on\\nthe 14th of July, 184s, and came to this county in 1849, and located\\nat Brooke s Point (now Catlin), where he has resided ever since. On\\nthe 22d of January, 1871, he married Miss Emma Dickinson, who was\\nborn in England on the 25th of December, 1852. They are the\\nparents of four children, of whom only two are living: Edward A.,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0746.jp2"}, "747": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 641\\nWilliam H. The names of the deceased are Cora M. and Nettie B.\\nJones Bros, are honest, energetic, and courteous to their many cus-\\ntomers, and have gained a wide circle of friends.\\nThomas Church, Catlin, section 35, son of Henry and Sophia\\nChurch, was born in London, England, on the 7th of September, 1838.\\nHe came to America with his mother and two sisters: Jane, wife of F.\\nChampion, and Sarah, wife of Henry Lloyde, in 1850. His father came\\nin 1849, and settled three miles south of Catlin, where they resided\\nuntil 1855, and then removed to Catlin, where they remained. His\\nfather died in 1859, and his mother in 1874. Thomas Church was\\nunited in marriage on the 6th of May, 1861, to Miss Louisa Jones,\\ndaughter of Henry and Sarah Jones, who were among the early set-\\ntlers of the county. By this union they have four daughters and two\\nsons: Sophia L., Herbert A., Ellen E., Ada E., Frederic H. and\\nSarah A. Mr. Church is a member of the A.F. A.M., Catlin Lodge,\\nNo. 285, and he and his wife are members of the M. E. church.\\nThomas Williams, Catlin, farmer, section 28, was born in the county\\nof Cornwall, England, on the 8th of February, 1804, and came\\nwith his parents, William and Loveday Williams, to Federal City, D.C.,\\nin 1820, where his mother died in September of 1821. His father\\nand the family, consisting of nine children, came to Dearborn county,\\nIndiana, in 1822, where they were among the early settlers. His father\\nremained there until his death, 1849. Mr. Williams has been thrice\\nmarried: his first wife was Miss Paulina Pate, married on the 19th of\\nMarch, 1826 born in Dearborn county, Indiana, on the 17th of July,\\n1808, and died on the 7th of November, 1850. His second wife was\\nMrs. Katharine Pate. They were married on the 14th of February,\\n1851. She was born in North Carolina, on the 6th of April, 1799, and\\ndied on the 17th of June, 1862. His third marriage was to Mrs. Mar-\\ngaret Patterson (formerly Miss Fruits), on the 27th of October, 1862.\\nShe is a native of Indiana, born on the 8th of January, 1817. Mr.\\nWilliams has six daughters by his first wife Jane, wife of S. Lewis\\nLoveday, wife of W. S. Pate; Paulina, wife of J. Thomas; Catharine\\nW., wife of deceased H. Ludington Mary E., wife of F. Burroughs\\nGrace, wife of William Cole. There are six deceased Rachel, Will-\\niam, Elizabeth, Phcebe A., George A., Emily. Mr. Williams came to\\nVermilion county in 1851, and settled where he now resides. He owns\\nthree hundred and fifty-one acres of land, of which he has improved\\ntwo hundred acres.\\nFrederic Tarrant, Catlin, groceries and provisions, was born in Berk-\\nshire, England, on the 15th of May, 1824. He came to Catlin, Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, in 1853, and here has made his home ever since.\\n4l", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0747.jp2"}, "748": {"fulltext": "642 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHe was united in marriage to Mrs. Eliza Brown, formerly Miss Jones.\\nBy this union they have had nine children, six of whom are living:\\nSarah L., now Mrs. C. P. Williams; Miriam W., Arthur H:, Jessie B.,\\nThomas A., Alice B. The names of the deceased are Frederic R.,\\nHelen E. and Elsie K. Mrs. Tarrant has one child by her former hus-\\nband Emily E., now Mrs. James E. White. Mr. T. is a member of\\nthe A.F. A.M., of Catlin, No. 285, and he and his wife are members\\nof the M. E. church. Came to Catlin as one of the first settlers.\\nS. W. Barker, Fairmount, farmer, was born in what was then known\\nas Hardy county, Virginia, on the 5th of January, 1816. His father\\ndied when he was two and a half years of age, when he and his mother\\nmoved to Fayette county, Ohio, and while there he married Amanda\\nOcultree, in 1840. She is a native of that, county, and was born in\\n1822. He removed to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and remained seven\\nyears, and in 1853 came to Vermilion county, which has been his home\\never since. He has a family of three children Amos B., Luther L.\\nand Mary. One of the children died Orange B. Mr. Barker and his\\nwife have been constant members of the M. E. church for many years.\\nGeorge Hoyles, Catlin, farmer, section 15, is the son of Jacob and\\nSarah Hoyles, who were natives of Pennsylvania. G. Hoyles was\\nborn in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1830, and came to Ver-\\nmilion county in 1853. On the 22d of February, 1854, he married\\nMrs. Mary J. Guyman, daughter of Isaac Sandusky, who was an early\\nsettler of this county. She was born in the county on the 29th of\\nFebruary, 1829. Her parents brought the first stove in the county.\\nMr. Hoyle lived in the house in which the first court ever convened in\\nthis county was held. Here he remained about twenty-three years,\\nbut at the present time he has a fine residence. He is a member of the\\nA.F. A.M., also a Royal Arch Mason of Vermilion Chapter, No. 82.\\nHe has one daughter, Agnes O., and three children deceased Euphas\\nJ., Morning and George. Mr. H. has been hard Working and ener-\\ngetic, and at present owns eight hundred acres of fine farming land in\\nthe county.\\nCharles Goiies, Catlin, farmer, son of Michael and Polly Gones,\\nwas born in what was then known as Hardy county, Virginia, on the\\n8th of August, 1818. He went with his parents to Clark county, Ohio,\\nin 1832, and then to Madison county, where he was united in marriage\\non the 22d of February, 1844, to Miss Elizabeth Price, daughter of\\nJohn and Elizabeth Price. She was born in Ross county, Ohio, on the\\n6th of April, 1825. By their union they have been blessed with six\\nchildren Mary J., the wife of Jacob Sandowsky, Thomas, John, Sa-\\nrine, now Mrs. Bentley, Charles H. and Hannah, now Mrs. Hoges.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0748.jp2"}, "749": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 643\\nMr. Gones came to Vermilion county in 1854 and settled where he\\nnow resides. He is a member of the A.F. A.M., Catlin Lodge, No.\\n285.\\nWilliam McBroom, Fairmount, section 35, was born in Kentucky\\non the 22d of April, 1815. In 1827 he came with his parents to\\nCrawfordsville, Indiana, where they were among the early settlers.\\nThey resided there four years, and then removed to New Richmond,\\nin the same state, where they remained until his father s death in 1841.\\nHis mother went to Nebraska, where she remained until her death.\\nMr. McBroom has been thrice married. His first wife was Miss Rhoda\\nA. Stover, and they were married in 1833 she died the same year.\\nHis second marriage was to Elizabeth Boyd, daughter of Joseph\\nHanks, in 1839 she was born in Ohio on the 16th of January, 1816,\\nand died in 1849. Mr. McBroom married again in 1851, this time to\\nMrs. Emily Snyder, daughter of Judge Allen. She was born in Ken-\\ntucky, in 1818. Mr. McBroom is the father of two children by his\\nsecond wife John and Joseph and by his present wife four Alfred,\\nJosephine, now wife of R. R. Shephard, William Jester and John.\\nMr. McBroom came to Vermilion county on the 28th of October, 1854,\\nand settled where he now resides.\\nJohn Harvey, Catlin, section 22, business at present, farming and\\nstock-raising, was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, on the 21st of\\nApril, 1830, where he remained until he was nineteen years of age.\\nHe then came to Tippecanoe county, Indiana, where he was united\\nin marriage, on the 22d of December, 1851, to Miss Margaret A.\\nTaylor, daughter of Thomas A. and Ivea Taylor. She was born in\\nLafayette, Indiana, on the 7th of July, 1831. By this union they\\nhave been blessed with one daughter Ellen T.; and by adoption\\nthey have one son Frederick M. Mr. Harvey s father was in the\\nwar of 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Harvev have been long united with the\\nC. P. church.\\nW. S. Pate, Catlin, section 21, was born in Ripley county, Indi-\\nana, on the 24th of March, 1286. His parents were natives of Vir-\\nginia; they came to Dearborn county, Indiana, in an early day, and\\nremained there until their death. His father, Jeremiah Pate, died\\non the 8th of July, 1852, and his mother, Martha A., died in 1836.\\nMr. Pate was united in marriage on the 14th of September, 1852,\\nto Miss Loveday A. Williams, daughter of Thomas and Paulina\\nWilliams. She was born in Ripley county, Indiana, on the 11th of\\nJanuary, 1829. They have two sons and one daughter: Rebecca J.,\\nThomas and George A. Four of their children are dead Paulina E.,\\nMary D., Ohioselestie and Martha A. Mr. Pate came to Vermilion", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0749.jp2"}, "750": {"fulltext": "644 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncounty in 1855, and settled where he now resides. He served in the\\nMexican war two years, was at the battle of Cerro Gordo, National\\nBridge, Pueblo, and at the City of Mexico. He is a member of the\\nI.O.O.F., Catlin Lodge, No. 538. His father served in the war of 1812.\\nMr. Pate and his wife are constant members of the M. E. church.\\nW. R. Nesbitt, Catlin, farmer, was born in Washington county,\\nOhio, in 1830, and removed to Gallia county, Ohio, in 1837, where his\\nmother, Mary, died. Mr. Nesbitt was married in 1853, to Miss Eliza-\\nbeth Dye, a native of Gallia county, Ohio. She was born in 1832.\\nMr. Nesbitt came to Vermilion county in 1855, and has been farming\\nand dealing in stock. He came to the county without anything, and\\nby his own industry owns two hundred and twenty acres of fine im-\\nproved land, and has raised a family of six sons and one daughter:\\nDaniel, Robert C, Areus F., Mary E., Charles E., John W. and Ed-\\nward A.\\nJoseph Wherry, Catlin, farmer, was born in Mason county, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 24th of February, 1819, and came to McLean county,\\nIllinois, in 1853. He has been twice married. His former wife was\\nHarriet Barclay, and they were married in 1838, and she died in 1861.\\nHis second marriage was to Alcy Burroughs, in 1863. He has two\\nchildren by his former wife William S. and John and by his present\\nwife Ida, Hannah, Mary J., wife of W. Cook, and Arminta, wife of\\nP. Downing. Mr. and Mrs. Wherry are members of the C. P. church.\\nShe was born in Brown county, Ohio, on the 20th of May, 1829, and\\ncame to this county in 1833.\\nAlbert Voorhes, Fairmount, farmer, is a son of Andrew W. and\\nMary Yoorhes, and was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on\\nthe 26th of December, 1833. He came to Edgar county, Illinois, in\\n1856, where he remained about three years. He then removed to Ver-\\nmilion county, where he has made a permanent home. On the 2d of\\nSeptember, 1855, he was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss\\nSarah J. Baker. She is a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania,\\nand was born on the 19th of December, 1839. The result of their\\nunion is a family of seven children living, and one dead. The living\\nare Samuel W., C. L., Linie I., Dillie J., Florence B., Henry, Kim-\\nbrough E. Mr. Voorhes came to this country without any means, and\\nby industry has provided a good home for his family. He and wife\\nare members of the C. P. church.\\nW. J. Brinckley, Catlin, principal of school, was born in Sussex\\ncounty, Delaware, on the 9th of March, 1835, where he received his\\nearly education, and followed teaching school for some time. In 1856\\nhe came to Vermilion county and located in Catlin, and has been", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0750.jp2"}, "751": {"fulltext": "CATLIJST TOWNSHIP. 645\\nengaged as principal of the Catlin schools. Mr. Brinckley served three\\nyears in the rebellion, in Co. D, 125th 111. Vol. Inf., serving in that\\nregiment eighteen months, then serving as ordnance sergeant in the\\nsecond division, 14th Army Corps, until the close of the war. Mr.\\nBrinckley attended Rush Medical College during the term of 1873-4.\\nThe only brother Mr. Brinckley had that lived to be a man served in\\nCo. C, 25th 111. Vol. Inf., and died while in the army. In 1856 Mr.\\nBrinckley. was joined in marriage to Miss Mary A. Bradway, a native\\nof Salem count} New Jersey. She was born on the 12th of June,\\n1838. They are the parents of one son, William J. Mr. and Mrs.\\nBrinckley are members of the M. E. church, and in politics M. Brinck-\\nley is a republican.\\nJ. M. Crntchley, Catlin, was born in Northumberland county, Penn-\\nsylvania, on the 22d of May, 1836, and, about the year 1844, came with\\nhis grandparents to Hendricks county, Indiana, where he remained\\nuntil 1857. He then removed to Vermilion county, Illinois, where he\\nengaged in farming and coal mining until 1874. Since then he has\\nbeen in the mercantile business, being connected with the firm now\\nknown as Payne Crutchley. Mr. Crutchley served in the rebellion,\\nin Co. A, 70th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., serving his time out in that regiment.\\nHe reenlisted in 1864 in the 135th 111. Vol. Inf., and served his time\\nout in that regiment. He was united in marriage on the 29th of July,\\n1859, to Miss Cynthia Tanner, a native of White county, Indiana, born\\non the 9th of July, 1837. Mr. Crutchley is a member of the A.F.\\nA.M., Catlin Lodge, No. 285.\\nJ. F. Crosby, Catlin, insurance agent, was born in Shelby county,\\nIndiana, on the 6th of December, 1834, and came west, locating in\\nCatlin, Vermilion county, in 1857. His parents also came to this\\ncounty. His father, Joseph, served in the late war, and resided in the\\ncounty until his death in 1866. His mother, Mary, died soon after\\nthey came to this county. Mr. Crosby served in the late rebellion, in\\nCo. K, 125th 111. Vol. Inf., as second lieutenant. He served one year\\nand then resigned. On the 23d of October, 1873, he was married to\\nMiss Louisa Olmsted, daughter of George Olmsted. She was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois. They have one daughter: Myra, and one\\nson, deceased, Harry.\\nWilliam Hawkins, Catlin, farmer, section 7, was born in Wayne\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 1st of January, 1831, and came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1859. He was married on the 28th of March, 1855, to Miss\\nDuanna Burgoyne, a native of Muskingum count} Ohio. She was\\nborn on the 20th of August, 1835. They have four children Sarah\\nE., wife of Gr. Patterson Nora B., Lue E., Marietta, and one deceased", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0751.jp2"}, "752": {"fulltext": "646 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam N. Mr. Hawkins served in the late war. He enlisted on the\\n11th of August, 1862, in Co. G, 125th 111. Yol. Inf., and served until\\nthe close of the war. He was in the battles of Mission Ridge, Buz-\\nzard s Roost, Perry ville and Atlanta. He was with Sherman on his\\nmarch to the sea, and was in all the battles in which the regiment was\\nengaged, except Chickamauga. He was at the general review at Wash-\\nington.\\nJames White, Catlin, farmer, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on\\nthe 4th of July, 1812. His father, William, was in the war of 1812,.\\nand was wounded, from the effects of which he died. His mother,\\nJulia White, died when he was seven years of age, leaving him with-\\nout parents or money. He engaged as cabin-boy on one of the steamers\\non the Chesapeake Bay for fifty cents per month. He then worked on\\na farm for four and five dollars per month, in Pennsylvania, and in\\n1859 came to Vermilion county. He has been twice married. His\\nformer wife was Hannah Rodgers; they were married in 1840, and\\nshe died in 1846. His second marriage was to Frances Sanders; they\\nwere united in 1849. She was born in 1829. Mr. White is the father\\nof three children by his former wife: William, Samuel and Hannah,\\nnow wife of C. Dopp. By his present wife he has James E., Frank,.\\nJosephine, wife of H. Finley; Charley, Robert, Ellen, Roker, Jesse,\\nJulia, Elizabeth. Mr. White has, by hard work and economy, become\\nthe owner of six hundred and seventy-two acres of land.\\nSamuel R. Tilton, Catlin, merchant, was born in Beaver county,\\nPennsylvania, in 1840. In 1844 his father moved to Ripley county,\\nIndiana, where S. R. grew to manhood, and in 1862 came to this\\ncounty. Soon after, in response to a call of his country for troops, he\\nenlisted in the service, and participated with his regiment in the bat-\\ntles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Allatoona,\\nKenesaw Mountain, and many other engagements of less note. He\\nwas severely wounded in a charge on Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, on\\nthe 27th of June, 1864 a musket ball penetrating his right breast.\\nThe ball afterward was extracted from his back, and is yet preserved\\nby himself as a souvenir of the bloody days of our late civil war, and\\nthe excruciating suffering which he endured. He at times still suffers\\nseverely from the effect of his wound. Although his wound was of\\nsuch a severe character as to unfit him for active military duty, he after\\na few months rejoined his regiment at Goldsborough, North Carolina,\\nand continued with it until the close of the war. Then he returned to\\nthe residence of his parents in Indiana. In December. 1866, he re-\\nturned to Catlin and took charge of the railroad station. After act-\\ning in the capacity of agent for the railroad company for nearly one", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0752.jp2"}, "753": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. (147\\nyear, he embarked in the drug and notion business. His capital and\\nexperience in the business were both limited, but by his straightforward\\ndealing and never-tiring industry, his small beginning has increased\\nuntil he now has three first-class stores in the village of Catlin a gen-\\neral merchandise store, one of drugs and notions, and a millinery store.\\nIn addition to these he owns a one-third interest in a general store at\\nPilot, Illinois, the firm name being Tilton Bros., and under the super-\\nvision of A. B. Tilton. These three departments are so complete that\\nalmost any article in general use is kept in stock. He is not naturally\\npublic spirited, but has served the people of Catlin as postmaster nearlv\\nthree years, resigning on account of ill health. He is a Past Grand in the\\nI.O.O.F. Lodge, and has attained to the degrees of knighthood in Ma-\\nsonry, being at present a member of the Danville Commandery. He\\nis not a member of any church, but very liberal in his support of the\\ndifferent denominations, as well as in all other institutions pertaining\\nto the public good. Not the least of his generous traits is his liberality\\nto the poor, of which there is abundant evidence. On the 7th of Feb-\\nruary, 1868, he was married to Miss Lou G. Yance, daughter of John\\nYance, who was one of the early and prominent pioneers of this county.\\nTlieir family consists of Clinton Clay, born on the 10th of May, 1870,\\nand Ralph Russel, born on the 14th of March, 1877.\\nG. W. Tilton, Catlin, dry-goods, groceries, etc., son of the Rev.\\nEnoch and Elizabeth (Wilson) Tilton, came to Yermilion county in 1862,\\nbeing at that date twenty-six years of age. His first occupation after\\narriving and locating at Catlin, was to take charge of the Catlin schools,\\nwhich wore under his supervision for four years following this date.\\nHe then engaged with Richard Jones in his store as book-keeper and\\nsalesman, in the village alread}^ mentioned. At the expiration of two\\nyears he formed a copartnership with J. C. Sandusky, in a store of\\ngeneral merchandise, under the firm name of Sandusky Tilton.\\nFive years afterward Mr. S. retired from the firm, selling his interest\\nto L. C. Kyger, the firm name changing to Tilton Kyger. This\\ncopartnership lasted for five years, when Mr. Kyger retired, since which\\ntime Mr. Tilton has conducted the business alone. The first five years\\nbusiness of the firm amounted to but $11,000, but by steady applica-\\ntion, good management and indomitable perseverance, the sales have\\nsteadily increased until they have reached nearly $50,000 per annum.\\nMr. Tilton is also interested in two other mercantile houses with his\\nbrothers one at Pilot and another at Palermo, Illinois. In 1862 he\\nbecame identified with the Yermilion County Agricultural and Me-\\nchanical Association, and has since taken an active part in the work\\nand interests of that society. He has served as secretary, vice-president", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0753.jp2"}, "754": {"fulltext": "648 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand president, tilling the latter position for three years, and is its pres-\\nent incumbent. He has also served one term in the county board of\\nsupervisors, representing Catlin township. At the age of fourteen\\nyears he became a member of the Baptist church, and at sixteen years\\nof age taught his first school. Until his advent in this county, at the\\nage of twenty-six years, he was variously engaged at farming, carpen-\\ntering, teaching and surveying. In 1862 he was married to Miss Eliz-\\nabeth Allbright, a native of Ohio. The fruits of this union are Charlie\\nVigil, Elsie Venus and Bertie Victor, aged respectively, fifteen, thir-\\nteen and ten years. According to the best information available, the\\nTil ton family in this country owe their origin to three brothers who\\ncame over from England at the same time, during the colonial period\\nof the nation s history. Most, if not all, bearing this name in the\\nUnited States, trace their ancestry back to this source. Previous to\\nthis no knowledge of their predecessors is known. In writing the his-\\ntory of the county, personal sketches of old settlers and some of the\\nmore prominent business gentlemen, we deem it but proper to devote\\nat least a short space to the Tilton brothers, live of whom have found\\na location in Vermilion county. Their father, Enoch Tilton, was born\\nin Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 22d of July, 1811, and is of\\nEnglish descent. He was married on the 12th of September, 1832, to\\nMiss Elizabeth Wilson, who was born on the 12th of January, 1811,\\nand whose ancestry came from Ireland. In 1844 they came to Ripley\\ncounty, Indiana, where Mr. Tilton has been known for a number of\\nyears as a leading minister of the Baptist church. Although now sixty-\\neight years old, he has the pastoral care of four congregations, and con-\\nducts a farm of one hundred and twenty acres.\\nDavid Shaver, Catlin, section 18, farmer, was born in Muhlenburg\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 8th of October, 1824. His father was a\\nnative of Virginia, and was born in 1790. He came to Kentucky in\\n1814, and was in the war of 1812. His mother, Nancy Peters, was\\nborn in Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1799, and died in Kentucky\\nin 1878. Mr. Shaver married, on the 14th of February, 1847, Mildred\\nA. Taylor, daughter of John A. Taylor. She was a native of Ohio\\ncounty, Kentucky, and was born on the 17th of October, 1828. Her\\nfather was born in the fort near Hartford, Kentucky, in 1767, and was\\nthe second child born in that town Hartford. He was one of the\\npioneers of Greene River county. He made various business trips from\\nFrederick county to Virginia, in which he passed through wildernesses,\\nbeing entrusted with agencies for land speculations. He superintended\\nthe locations of their claims amidst danger. Mr. Shaver removed to\\nVermilion county in 1864, where he has become one of the industrious", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0754.jp2"}, "755": {"fulltext": "CATLIN TOWNSHIP. 649\\nand respected citizens of the county. He has raised a family of seven\\nchildren Leander, Elizabeth A., wife of C. T. Dye, Sarah M., wife of\\nA. Kichards, Nancy D., Peter L., Bertha, William, W. C. One child,\\nJohn A., died.\\nA. J. Villars, Catlin, section 9, farmer, was born in Clinton county,\\nOhio, on the 22d of May, 1843. He was married on the 25th of May,\\n1865, to Miss Harriet Smith, a native of Clinton county, Ohio, and\\nborn on the 16th of May, 1844. In the same year of his marriage he\\ncame to Vermilion county, and here he has been engaged in farming\\nand school teaching since. Mr. Villars served in the rebellion, in Co.\\nG, 11th Ohio Vol. Inf., and was in several hard battles, the second\\nbattle of Bull Run, South Mountain, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge,\\nResaca, and thirty-two skirmishes. He was taken prisoner at Liberty,\\nbut was paroled soon after.\\nJ. P. Guyer, Catlin, railroad agent, was born in Philadelphia, Penn-\\nsylvania, on the 22d of December, 1843. He came to Wisconsin with\\nhis parents, where they remained for a short time, and then returned\\nto Philadelphia. In 1859 they removed to Missouri, where they left\\nhim and returned east. Mr. Guyer enlisted in the army in 1861 for\\nthree years. He was at the battles of Boonesville, Wilson s Creek, and\\nseveral skirmishes. In 1863 he came to Springfield, Illinois, where he\\nengaged as bill clerk for the Chicago Alton railroad. He also was\\nwith the Springfield Southeastern railroad as agent for five years.\\nHe came to Catlin on the 9th of November, 1875, where he has acted\\nas agent for the Wabash railroad. Mr. Guyer was united in marriage\\nin 1873, to Miss Elizabeth Goodrich, a native of Urbana, Ohio, born\\non the 17th of February, 1855. Mr. Guyer is a member of the A.F. dc\\nA.M. He has crossed the sea twice, and has been to South America\\nand Liverpool.\\nS. W. Jones, physician and surgeon, Catlin, son of H. and Luzena\\nJones, was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, on the 15th of\\nNovember, 1851, where he remained until twenty-one years of age.\\nBeing an energetic young man, and wishing to make his mark in life,\\nhe started for himself, and, in 1859, came to Hamilton county, Indiana,\\nwhere he engaged in teaching school and reading medicine. In 1874\\nhe attended the Ohio Medical College, and in 1875 came to Catlin,\\nIllinois, where he practiced medicine until the fall of 1877. He then\\nreturned to Cincinnati, and took a course of lectures and received his\\ndiploma, on the 17th of February, 1878. He returned to Catlin, and\\npurchased a stock of drugs from T. H. Runion, and, by attending to\\nhis profession, now ranks with the older physicians of the county. On\\nthe 28th of February, 1876,. he was united in marriage to Miss F. D.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0755.jp2"}, "756": {"fulltext": "650 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nTimmons, a native of this county, born on the 15th of December,\\n1858. By this union they have one child Ethelberth T.\\nA. M. F. McCollough, Catlin, physician, was born in Monroe\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 26th of November, 1852. His father, Dr. Mc-\\nCollough, was born in Eastern Ohio in 1826, and is of Scotch-Irish\\ndescent. He received his education at Franklin College, Ohio, and\\nread medicine under Dr. John Findley for some years. In 1848 he\\nlocated in Monroe county, Ohio, and there was actively engaged in the\\npractice of medicine until the year 1874, when he removed to Bellaire,\\nBelmont county, Ohio, where he has since resided. He was married in\\nthe fall of 1849 to Miss Margrey A. Brokaw, of Harrison county,\\nOhio. They are the parents of three children Isaac N., A. M. F.\\nand W. S. At the age of seven years Isaac N. died. W. S., now\\ntwenty-four years of age, is a promising druggist in Wheeling, West\\nVirginia. A. M. F., the subject of our sketch, received his education\\nat Vermilion College, Ashland county, Ohio (now merged into Wooster\\nUniversity). In the year 1868 he began the study of medicine under\\nthe instruction of his father and Dr. Armstrong. In the year 1872 he\\nattended medical lectures at Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio.\\nThe following year was spent in pharmaceutical rooms in Pittsburgh,\\nPennsylvania. About 1876 he attended a course of lectures at Jeffer-\\nson Medical College, Philadelphia, receiving from that time-honored\\ninstitution his desired diploma. Refreshed anew with vigor, he wended\\nhis way westward, accidentally dropping in the village of Catlin, where\\nhe located in the fall of 1877. After a residence here of about eighteen\\nmonths he chose for his wife Miss Emma A. McClenathan, daughter of\\nG. S. McClenathan, a resident of the county for about twenty-five\\nyears, and formerly from Washington county, Pennsylvania. The\\nDoctor, since his residence at Catlin, has, by an honest and candid\\ntreatment of patients, as well as a polite and courteous treatment of\\nassociates, surrounded himself with a large circle of friends. Though\\nhe has been a resident of the county but a few years, he is already\\nassociated with the old physicians of the county. This alone is the\\nbest of guarantees of his ability as a physician and surgeon.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0756.jp2"}, "757": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. H51\\nROSS TOWNSHIP.\\nRoss township, one of the largest and wealthiest in the county,\\nembraced, in the original division of the county into political towns,\\nnearly all of the northeastern quarter of the county, and contained all\\nof congressional townships 23 N. 11 W., 23 N. 12 W., 22 N. 11 W. y\\n22 N. 12 W., half of 21 N. 11 W., half of 21 N. 12 W., and the frac-\\ntions of 21, 22 and 23 N. 10 W., which lie between these former and\\nthe Indiana line more than five congressional towns in all. In 1862\\nit was divided by a line through the center of it, and now embraces the\\nnorth half of townships 21-11 and 21-12, and all of 22-11 and 22-12,\\nexcept the northern tier of sections and north half of the second tier.\\nThe north fork of the Vermilion river runs nearly through its center,\\nfrom north to south, cutting the northern line a little west of its center,\\nrunning in a southeasterly direction, and leaving it a little east of the\\nmiddle of its southern border, with an eastern branch, which is joined\\nby another branch called the Jordan (from some supposed relation, by\\nthe eye of faith, to the good old river of stormy banks running\\nfrom its eastern borders. Bean creek, a tributary to the middle fork,\\nruns through the northwestern portion of the town in a westerly direc-\\ntion. Numerous small streams and rivulets, fed by living springs, feed\\nthese streams, making Ross one of the best watered regions in the\\ncounty. Along all these streams a splendid growth of native forests\\ngrew, a portion of which has, of course, been cut off, the land being\\nmade into farms while in many places where there was only a scant\\ngrowth, kept down by frequent tires, now a strong, heavy growth\\nshows the rapid increase of western forests.\\nHubbard s Trace, the original highway of travel between this\\nsouthern country and Chicago, ran through the town, and in time gave\\nplace to the old Chicago road, which was known farther north as\\nState road, and in Chicago itself became known as State street, a\\nname it r et bears. Along this timber and near this road the first set-\\ntlements were made, very soon after the county was organized; and\\nits prairies early became the homes, first of the great herds which\\npioneered these natural fields, and later of the thrifty men and women\\nwho brought its broad acres into use.\\nRoss is preeminently a farming township. With the exception of\\nthe pleasant little village of Rossville, on its northern border, where a\\nfew families collected along the timber long known as Liggett s grove,\\nwhere the Attica road crosses the Chicago road, and which in time\\ngrew into one of the prettiest little western villages in all this country,\\nand one or two mills, her entire enterprise was agricultural. The sick-", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0757.jp2"}, "758": {"fulltext": "652 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nness which is consequent upon every early settlement, made havoc\\nwith the early calculations of many a family but the great natural\\nresources of the rich country they had come into, needing only the\\nrasping of the plow and the raking in of the golden grain to put its\\nenergetic laborers into the possession of competence and wealth, those\\nwho first learned that the prairies would support human life reaped the\\nrichest rewards of their superior judgment or experiments. The\\nGundys, Gilberts, Greens, Davisons, Chenoweths, Manns and others\\nfound in Ross the full fruition of youthful hope in the landed prosperity\\nof maturer years. For a long time, and up to within the last decade,\\nthe people were not vexed with railroads or those bonds which even\\nin apostolic times were a chief source of regret. In 1872 the Chicago,\\nDanville Vincennes, now known as the Chicago Eastern Illinois\\nrailroad, was built through the center of the town, giving rail con-\\nnection with the county seat on the south and Chicago, and in 1877 the\\nHavana, Rantoul Eastern road was built through nearly the center\\nof the township east and west, so that they are supplied with all the\\nrailroads they will ever need, to the remotest point of time. The\\nlatter is a narrow-gauge road, and as far as this portion of the state is\\nconcerned, is a pioneer effort. While it is claimed to be a financial\\nsuccess, it is still, probably, a problem to be solved by time, whether\\nit will follow the wake of all the more recently built roads into the\\nwreckers hands.\\nAs early as 1836 Elihu, Isaac and Nathaniel Chauncey entered a\\nlarge part of the land in township 21 north, range 11 east, in this and\\nthe adjoining town. The same parties entered a large amount of land\\nin other townships. They were Philadelphians, and never came west\\nto live. Their affairs in this county were managed by Henry L. Ells-\\nworth, who also entered considerable land about the same time. These\\nparties are all dead, and the lands have been divided among their de-\\nscendants. This land has mostly been sold, but some still remains\\nunsold and uncultivated.\\nThe town took its name from Jacob T. Ross, who owned a tract of\\nland in section 9 (21-11), from which the timbers for the old mill which\\nwas built by Clausson on section 5, about 1835, were cut and hewn.\\nHe seems to have had an interest in the mill, for he furnished the tim-\\nbers, and afterward became the owner. For a long time it was known\\nas Ross Mill, and there the early elections and town meetings were\\nheld, and very naturally gave name to the town, although there was\\nan attempt to call it North Fork.\\nThe Davison family and their relatives, the Gundys, were probably\\nthe first white people to find a permanent home in Ross. If any were", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0758.jp2"}, "759": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 653\\nliving here before them there is no means of now verifying it, although\\nMr. Horr and Mr. Liggett may have been here a few months earlier.\\nThe writer has been placed under many obligations to Mr. Thomas\\nGundy for many of the facts in regard to early settlements, which he\\nbelieves will be found substantially correct. With a mind clear and\\naccurate, Mr. Gundy seems not to be distracted by cares of family, mer-\\nchandise or politics, so that he has been a very valuable assistant.\\nAndrew Davison and wife came here from Franklin county, Ohio,\\nafter they had brought up a considerable family, in 1828, and took up\\nland in section 13 (21-12), near Myersville. He had a little means,\\nand his children a good deal of pioneer strength and energy. He had\\nlong hoped to find a new home, where land was cheaper, so that his\\nchildren could secure farms for themselves. They had seven children\\nJames, Robert, Sally, Jane, Susana, Betty and Polly. Two of these,\\nJames and Mrs. Joseph Gundy, were married when they came, and\\nsoon after, young Joseph Kerr took the trail which the retreating Da-\\nvisons had followed, and came through the timber of Indiana and mar-\\nried the Davison of his choice. Andrew Davison saw his children all\\nnicely fixed, having taken up land all around him, before death called\\nhim away in 1841. The land office at this time was in Palestine, in\\nCrawford county, a now almost forgotten country village, but there\\nthe pioneers of Vermilion had to go to enter their land, until the land\\ndepartment was convinced that it ought to be removed to Danville.\\nThe seven children of Mr. Davison grew up and became one of the\\nmost important families in settling this wild country. James lived on\\nthe farm which he had entered until 1873, when he moved to Danville,\\nwhere he died. He left two children a son at Myersville, and a\\ndaughter, Mrs. Tuttle, at Danville. Robert carried on a farm in sec-\\ntion 8 (21-11), one mile south of the present village of Alvin, till\\n1843, when he died, leaving a family of five children. His son, John,\\ncontinued to work the farm until the first call for troops rung along\\nthe banks of North Fork, when he enlisted in the 4th Cavalry, and did\\nas valiant service, stamping out rebellion as he had done in killing out\\nthe rattlesnakes on his ancestral acres. Since his return he has been\\nengaged in mercantile pursuits at Rossville. James, another son, lives\\non the old homestead. He also served in the army. Robert, the third\\nson, a young man of much promise, went with his brothers, but did\\nnot return with thern. He gave his young life to his country, a sac-\\nrifice to national unity. He died at Salem, Arkansas, a member of\\nthe 25th 111. Mrs. Ingruham lives near the old homestead, and Mrs.\\nMagee in Indiana. Of the daughters of Mr. Andrew Davison, Mrs.\\nJoseph Gundy died before her husband Mrs. Joseph Kerr died some", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0759.jp2"}, "760": {"fulltext": "654 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nyears since, leaving five children, who live in the vicinity of Myers-\\nville Mrs. Josiah Henkle died early, leaving three daughters Mrs.\\nMathers lived with her parents, and at her death left one daughter.\\nJacob Gundy, the father of the family of that name, who have been\\nprominent for half a century in the history of Ross and of Vermilion\\ncounty, had been a soldier in the revolutionary war, and had moved\\nearl} 7 from Pennsylvania to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he lived on a farm\\nuntil he followed his son Joseph here in 1830. Joseph had immigrat-\\ned here with the Davisons. William and Thomas, and Mrs. Abram\\nWoods came with their father. Jacob, Jr., came here a few years\\nafterward, and soon after went to Missouri. Mr. Gundy, Sen., was a\\nwidower, and made his home around with his children he died at a\\ngood old age, in 1842, and was buried at the Gundy burial ground\\nnear Myersville. They made their first settlement near the south line\\nof Ross township, near wmere Joseph lived. Joseph came here to find\\na new country, where land would be cheap, and as soon as he got across\\nthe state line he expected to find things as he wanted. He took up\\nthe first land he could find, subject to squatter sovereignty, or entry.\\nHe carried on farming very successfully, and acquired nine hundred\\nacres of land raised stock largely, bought and fed, but did not adopt\\nthe more hazardous and speculative undertakings; he sold his stock to\\ndrovers. He often sold to the Funks, to Williamson on Sugar Creek,\\nto Ohio men, and to others from Pennsylvania. He had two children\\nwhen he came here, and ten were born to them here, four of whom are\\nnow dead. Of the eight living children all but one live in the county:\\nMrs. Isaac Chrisman, in Ross; Mrs. Dr. Henton, in Danville; Mrs.\\nJohn Davison and Mrs. Milton Lee, at Rossville Andrew was a large\\nand successful farmer and engaged in mercantile pursuits, was largely\\ninterested in public affairs, was a member of the legislature in 1875,\\nand proved by his long acquaintance with the wants of the people and\\nthe breadth of his general intelligence a useful and safe legislator.\\nAfter the failure of Hon. John C. Short, Mr. Gundy and some others\\nundertook to stand in the breach and save the important coal interest\\nwhich Mr. Short held, but the continued depression of trade and the\\nlarge shrinkage of values was more than they could stand, and financial\\nfailure followed. There was little reason to doubt that the immense\\ncoal fields controlled and owned by the Exchange bank, would event-\\nually pay all the debts of that concern, but the depression of the coal\\ntrade so reduced the profit that they ceased to be a source of revenue.\\nMr. Gundy is now engaged in farming near Bismark. Francis and\\nJoseph have been engaged in farming and in trade. Thomas Gundy\\nwas killed by lightning in 1855 he was fixing a fence when the storm", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0760.jp2"}, "761": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 655\\napproached, and started to go across the field to the house when the\\nsad accident occurred. Joseph Gundy, Sen., died at Myersville in\\n1865, closing a useful and successful life. William Gundy, the other\\nbrother, who came with his father in 1830, married and raised a family\\nof seven children, who are now scattered, the sons living in Missouri.\\nHe and his wife died in 1851. Mrs. Abram Woods, after her hus-\\nband s death, went with her five children to Missouri. Thomas Gun-\\ndy, who now lives at Rossville, has been a prosperous farmer, and now\\nhas practicallj retired from hard work. He owns the Abram Woods\\nfarm, a farm near Alvin, one at Gilbert Station, and three small farms\\neast of Bisinark. He has been remarkably prosperous in all respects.\\nHe has, however, never aspired to official position, though he has been\\noccasionally pressed into township office. He has seen this countv\\ngrow from a wilderness to a fruitful field.\\nJohn Demorest came here from Shawnee Prairie, Indiana, where\\nhe had buried his wife with his three daughters, about 1828, and\\nentered land in section 6 (21-11), and in section 1 (21-12). He owned\\nabout four hundred acres of land. He was a local preacher, and for\\nyears gave his time very largely to the work of building up Christianity\\nin this county. He was a strict man in all that pertained to religion,\\nmorality and family government, and as strict and honest in his deal-\\nings with hisfelloM -men. He and Daniel Fairchild were much together\\nin the ministry, and went here and there holding meetings. No one\\ncan over-estimate the results for good of these earnest, plain men, who\\npreached as they went, and worked for the kingdom continually.\\nFather Demorest sold his farm to Reuben Ray in 1866, and soon after\\nwent to Ohio, returned here, and removed to Kansas in 1870, where\\nhe died. His daughter, Mrs. Eli Fairchild, resides in Blount town-\\nship.\\nProbably no person has ever been identified more largely in every-\\nthing which pertains to the welfare of Ross than Alvan Gilbert. His\\nfather, Samuel Gilbert, with two brothers, came from Ontario county,\\nNew York, to Danville, in 1826. They had but little idea where they\\nwere going when they made their way down the Alleghany River, and\\nwere probably attracted here more by the fact that the salt works were\\nhere in the county than any other one thing. The Gilberts established\\na ferry at Danville, and built a mill. It was rather a cheap affair, but\\nwas not cheaper than the custom of the country. With corn only six\\ncents to ten cents per bushel, and wheat about fifty cents per bushel,\\nit could hardly be expected that grinding for the tenth bushel would\\npay a return on a very large investment. Alvan worked around Dan-\\nville about six years, tending mill and such other work as he could", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0761.jp2"}, "762": {"fulltext": "656 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfind to do, until 1832, when he married a daughter of Robert Horr,\\nand bought his interest in the land he (Horr) had lived on, in section\\n25, where the Chicago road crosses the north fork. His house was a\\nlittle log cabin directly in the road leading to the old bridge before\\nthe road was changed to the new bridge. He afterward, in 1839, sold\\nthis place to his father, Samuel Gilbert, and bought the Liggett farm\\nat what is now Rossville. Mr. Samuel Gilbert was soon after appointed\\npostmaster of the new post-office, North Fork. Dr. Brickwell, who\\nwas a neighbor of Gilbert s at this time, says that at one time the mail\\nwas delayed six weeks by high water, and when it did finally awive,\\nand the great rush of mail matter, dammed up for six long weeks, fell\\ninto the goodly people around where Mann s chapel now stands, and\\npostmaster Gilbert had called in a bee of the citizens to help him\\nopen, sort, distribute, arrange, count, and deliver for there were no\\nrailroad post-offices in those times it was found that there was just\\none letter in the mail, all told; and the Doctor thinks that had the\\nflood lasted another six weeks it would have dried up the post-office\\nitself, so that no further mail matter would ever have come there.\\nSamuel Gilbert s house was one of the early preaching-places of the\\nMethodists, and was the real forerunner of Mann s chapel, which\\nstands very near the spot where his house was. It was customary for\\nthe worshipers to take their rifles along with them when they went\\nto church, and, when returning, should a stray deer come waltzing\\naround in an ungodly crusade against the quiet of the Sabbath, he was\\nvery apt to get shot for his temerity. Few such Sabbath-breaking deer\\nwere ever actually known to return to the cool retreats. Samuel Gil-\\nbert died in 1855, leaving four children. His two daughters had mar-\\nried, and gone west, his two sons living here. Both are now dead.\\nMr. Alvan Gilbert, mentioned at length in a subsequent part of\\nthis township, almost immediately, on his settlement in Ross, became\\nrecognized as one of the most useful, well informed and public spirited\\nmen of the county.\\nJohn Liggett, who lived at, and gave the name to Liggett s Grove,\\ncame to the place where the late Hon. Alvan Gilbert long lived, about\\n1829, and took up land in section 11 (22-12). This place was on the\\nChicago road, and was a place for travelers to stop although he did\\nnot claim to keep hotel. He died in 1838, and was buried near the\\npresent residence of Dr. Brickwell. His widow and children remained\\nhere some years and then went to Oregon.\\nThomas McKibben first settled with his father in section 32(22-11),\\nin 1830 he afterward lived in different parts of the county, but this\\nwas his first place of residence. He was in the Blackhawk war, was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0762.jp2"}, "763": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 657\\nthe first deputy sheriff, and served two terms as sheriff. He took\\ngreater delight in hunting a horse-thief than in eating a meal of victuals.\\nHe was a very popular man in the early days, and a very competent\\nofficer. People always slept soundly when they knew he was sheriff.\\nHe at one time owned a farm a little south of where Hoopeston\\nnow is.\\nOliver Prickett came from Brown county, Ohio, with his father, in\\n1832. They farmed a while on the Spencer farm and on the Crockett farm\\nsouth of Danville, and then came to where Rossville now stands. Asel\\nGilbert had entered a quarter-section joining Liggett s north. There\\nwere no families in that part but Liggett s, Gilbert s and Bicknell s,\\nthe latter two in what is now Grant township. At this time, in fact imme-\\ndiately after the close of the Blackhawk war, Chicago became a place of\\ntrade for all this country. Instead of sending their produce down the\\nriver on flatboats, they began to team, or haul, everything to Chi-\\ncago, and look to Chicago for everything they had to buy. Very soon\\npeople began to bring salt from there that was boiled in Syracuse, New\\nYork, in place of that made at Danville. The Board of Trade is\\nnot more disastrous in its fluctuations and prices; no more uncertain\\nin Chicago to-day, than they were in those old times. Farmers took\\noats to Chicago and sold for $1.50 per bushel at another time they\\nwould hardly bring a bit a bushel. Corn had no market price, but\\nhides and pelts were always cash. Pork was very regular in price, and\\nusually brought enough to pay the farmer ten cents for his corn, that is,\\nafter about 1838. Before that, for a few years, the high-pressure specula-\\ntive times of 1835-6, and the consequent crash of 1837, changed the\\nprices of every commodity from a normal to an abnormal condition.\\nAlbert Comstock, now of Rossville, entered land in 25 (22-12), in\\n1837 a few years later he sold to his brother-in-law, Clark Green, and\\nestablished himself at Bicknell s Point, which was the point of tim-\\nber north of Rossville, and the most ^northern of any timber on the\\nChicago road until you reached the waters of the Iroquois. The beau-\\ntiful farms which spread over this delightful divide hardly suggest\\nthe scenes, the trials, the suffering consequent upon the droughts of\\nsummer and the severe cold of winter, crossing this wide stretch be-\\ntween the Vermilion and the Iroquois. Extremes meet, the philos-\\nophers tell us. Those who have crossed this arm of the Grand Prai-\\nrie can testify to the rugged truth of this in their experience. No\\nroads were ever nicer than these prairie roads when the weather was\\nfavorable. The smooth even surfaces where the wheels run, divided\\nevenly by the strip of turf a few inches wide in the middle, were per-\\nfection itself. Not a jolt or jar marred the even tenor of the teamster s\\n42", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0763.jp2"}, "764": {"fulltext": "t 58 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwagon no load was too heavy for the ordinary team and when during\\nthe long pleasant falls which were common in this state, the fresh prairie\\nbreezes fanned the fatigue from faint teams and drivers, no labor was\\npleasanter than this. When long-continued rains had swelled the\\nslonghs to swimming rivers, and ruts had been worked into the black\\nstick of the prairies deep enough to sink a horse, and black night had\\novertaken worn out nature, and the terrible storms which swept these\\ngreat prairies held sway where so recently all was, lovely, the change\\nmay be partially imagined by the reader of to-day, but never realized.\\nThe extremes of pleasurable travel and disastrous suffering met where\\nnow the finest farms, the most pleasant villages, and comfortable rail-\\nroads rule.\\nThe old mill, still in good running order, standing a little northwest\\nof Alvin, is historic. Mr. Clawson put up a saw-mill in 1838, and a\\nyear or two later added a grist-mill. Soon after this, the two Chris-\\nmans and Sommerville were at work building a mill at Myersville.\\nOne of the Chrismans was killed by the falling of earth from a race-\\nway which they were attempting to tunnel. This circumstance induced\\nthem to abandon the work at Myersville, which they sold to Myers,\\nand bought the Clawson mill. They run it with very good success until\\n1848, when they sold to John Hoobler, from Perrysville, Indiana, a\\npreacher of the United Brethren denomination, and the pioneer of that\\nchurch. In 1851 he sold to Jacob T. Ross, who had taken an interest\\nin its building as before noticed, and it came to be called from that\\ntime Ross Mill. Ross put in a small stock of goods for the accommo-\\ndation of the neighbors, which was the first store in the township.\\nHere the first town meetings and elections were held. Mr. Ross sold\\nthe mill in 1858 to John L. Persons, who after! running it a few years\\nwas murdered, about 1862, by four men who, the evidence showed, had\\nformed a conspiracy to kill him on account of a dispute about a pocket\\nbook. Miller and Persons had disputed about the settlement of an\\naccount of less than five dollars, at the store. Getting angry while he\\nhad his pocket-book in his hand, he laid it down, and forgetting it\\nhe went home. He afterward hired the three men Sanders, Smith\\nand Moore- to get his pocket-book, or in case they did not succeed, to\\nkill Persons, giving them a gallon of whisky, and agreeing to give half\\nthe money that was in the pocket-book (about ten dollars). The men\\nagreed to go together at a given hour and make a demand on him, ex-\\npecting, of course, to get the pocket-book without further trouble but\\nMoore, who it seems had the custody of the whisky, took down more\\nof it than just enough to keep his pluck up to killing point, and sallied\\nout and killed Persons on sight, without even demanding satisfaction.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0764.jp2"}, "765": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 659\\nHe then hunted up his confederates and told them their help was not\\nneeded. Smith was arrested and turned state s evidence. Sanders got\\na short term in the penitentiary, and Moore went into the army. On\\nPersons death the property came into the hands of Sangster Swazey,\\nof Cincinnati, Ohio, and about 1867 John Mains, the present proprie-\\ntor, bought it. It stands practically as it did forty years ago.\\nA. J. Miller took up land three miles east of Rossville in 1834.\\nHe increased his farm to about six hundred acres, and remained on it\\ntill he died, in 1871, and his family reside there yet. Willard Brown\\ncame from New York and took up a farm a little southeast of where\\nAlvin now is in 1835, and remained there until he died, in 1878. He\\nwas a good specimen of the hardy pioneer; a hardy, honest, upright,\\ntrue man a good citizen and faithful father. Several of his children\\nstill live here to honor and revere the memory of his upright life. L.\\nM. Thompson entered land southeast of Rossville. He now lives in\\nthe village. He has long been interested in everything pertaining to\\nthe public affairs of his town, and is a public- spirited and useful citizen.\\nAbram Mann, who, on account of his intelligence, education, great\\nworth and wealth, held a commanding position in the new settlement,\\ncame here first in 1836. He was an Englishman, and had been only a\\nshort time in this country, living for a year in Herkimer county, New\\nYork, where Abijah and Charles A. Mann, prominent then and since\\nin the politics and business relations of central New York, lived.\\nWhen he came to |his county he lived in Danville a year, and entered\\nseveral sections of land around where he afterward made his home,\\nand the next year commenced his large farming operations here. His\\nwife dying, he took his four children back to England in 1839, for a\\nfew years, and engaged Dr. Brickwell, then an energetic and progress-\\nive young man, now an honored and esteemed physician of Ross-\\nville, to superintend his affairs. After his return from England he\\nput his large estate into productive cultivation. He went largely into\\ncattle-feeding, aiming to feed up all that was raised on his large farm.\\nHe was a strong friend of education and religion, and exerted a good\\ninfluence by his example and the liberal use of his means, never\\nostentatious, but always giving a generous support to all that was good.\\nHe lived here until 1865, bringing up his four children to honest and\\nfrugal industry, inculcating the spirit of strong religious faith which\\npossessed him, and the liberal sentiments which were a marked trait in\\nhis character. One act which marks the character of the man may be\\nmentioned. In 1856, believing that the society then worshiping in the\\nschool-house needed a church, he offered to make and furnish all the\\nbrick necessary to put up such a church as the society should choose", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0765.jp2"}, "766": {"fulltext": "6H0 HISTOKT OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nto build the larger they should decide to build the better. Messrs.\\nJames Gilbert, Messic, Demorest, B. C. Green and R. R. Ray were\\nselected by the church to see that a good house of worship was put up.\\nThe building is 30 x 45, and cost, including the donations made, $3,300.\\nOf Mr. Mann s children, two were married and have died. The other\\ntwo remain on the farm. In 1875 they built probably the finest resi-\\ndence in Vermilion county, at a cost of $25,000, brick.\\nJohn Ray, about 1835, came to live where his three sons, George\\nT., Wm. G. and John, now live, near the junction of the East and\\nNorth Forks. The Ray bo} r s, as they are still called, are good citi-\\nzens, and have the reputation of excellent men among their neighbors.\\nB. C. Green came here from Ontario county, New York, about 1840.\\nHe was a young man without means, with fair common-school educa-\\ntion, and had heard of the Gilberts who had preceded him some years.\\nHe first bought a piece of land west of Rossville, where Thomas Arm-\\nstrong now lives. He afterward sold this, and bought forty acres and\\nentered forty acres east of Rossville, but sold again and bought where\\nhe now resides, of Mr. Comstock. For several years he worked around\\nas he could find work to do, splitting rails, working out by the day,\\nor at the stone mason trade. He worked in Danville, taking down the\\nold buildings there and making them into barns, sheds and shops, for\\nby this time Danville began to put on airs, and must get rid of the old\\nbuildings which did not comport with increased prosperity. He tells\\nwith a commendable pride about walking from Danville, losing two\\ndays work there, to vote for building the first frame school-house,\\nwhen as yet he had no child. School-houses were not so popular\\nthen, and the plan of having the best school-house in the county was\\nlikely to fail. Green s children have since enjoyed the blessings of\\nfree schooling in that little frame house, which has been used from\\nthat time to this, but has recently been supplanted by a finer new one.\\nIn 1845 he had got a few dollars ahead, and commenced making what\\nis now one of the best farms in Ross township, consisting of one thou-\\nsand acres in ranges 11 and 12, just north of the timber.\\nAll settlers hugged the timber line, for the protection which that\\nnatural barrier presented. Wild game was plenty. You could shoot\\nprairie chickens from the roofs of the houses. Wild geese were plenty\\non the prairies, staying here awhile spring and fall. Deer were so\\nplenty as hardly to attract much comment, and wolves would hardly\\nkeep away from the dooryard. Sheep could hardly be protected from\\nthem day or night. The farmers used to make the trip to Chicago\\nwith a drove of hogs, and return in about ten days. Hogs could travel\\nin those days. They used to run in the timber till corn harvest, and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0766.jp2"}, "767": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 661\\nthen they were collected and fed until they were in light marching\\norder, tat enough that they would not actually run away from the\\nherd, and then start Chicagoward. Of course the large hogs we\\nhave now, well fatted, could never make the trip as they did then.\\nSometimes when they got their hogs up to commence feeding, they\\nwere so wild, having run in the timber all the year, that they were\\nafraid to eat, and as a precautionary measure, the corn was put into\\nthe pen on the sly, so that the stubborn fellows would not get the hint\\nthat they were expected to eat it; and again, it sometimes became\\nnecessary to hunt them down with dogs and bring them in one at a\\ntime, a custom which gave rise to the story which has been so often\\ntold about the first sheriff of Vermilion county (which the writer is\\nhappy to sa} lacks confirmation), that when he was sent out to bring\\nin the first grand jury to serve at Butler s, he found them so wild and\\nafraid of the officer that he had to let slip the dogs and hunt them\\nas the farmers hunted their hogs.\\nThere were times of prevailing sickness among the settlers, and cer-\\ntain diseases which were more or less prevalent at all times. Especially\\nwas this so of those who settled along the streams. Many injured\\ntheir constitutions by overwork, or, rather, by careless work.\\nRELIGIOUS.\\nThe early religious life of the people in a new country, and the\\nfaithful labors of the early preachers, are always subjects of deep in-\\nterest, but seldom of record here. There seems to have been a pre-\\nvailing opinion that the record of their labors would be kept in a\\nhigher book than those we inspect here; so that very much of it has\\nto be collected from those whose memories are not now the best. There\\nseems to be no doubt that Rev. Enoch Kingsbury was the pioneer\\nPresbyterian minister in Ross. He was engaged in preaching in the\\ncounty almost from its first settlement. His general labors through\\nthe county are frequently spoken of. His particular labors at Ross-\\nville in organizing and ministering to the church there are a matter of\\nrecord. This church was organized at Mr. Gilbert s house in 1850, by\\nMr. Kingsbury, six members uniting to form the church Joseph\\nHains, Millie Bicknell, Eliza Kingsbury, David and Elizabeth Strain,\\nand Mrs. Nancy Gilbert. Mrs. Gilbert is only left of those who there\\npledged their lives to the cause. Mr. Gilbert did not himself join the\\nchurch till some months after. Services were held in Mr. Gilbert s\\nhouse until the Odd-fellows built their hall, when, in common with all\\nother denominations, services were held there. Mr. Kingsbury s long\\nservice terminated in 1868, when Rev. W. N. Steele was employed,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0767.jp2"}, "768": {"fulltext": "662 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand continued to minister to the church until 1874. At that date\\nRev. John H. Dillingham, the present pastor, who had been for\\nseveral years city missionary at St. Louis, was employed, and has con-\\ntinued to serve the church till now. They have a pleasant house of\\nworship, and the membership now numbers eighty-seven. The first\\nSabbath-school at Rossville was the Union school, held in the hall\\nuntil the churches were built, and Mr. E. Townsend acted as superin\\ntendent. After this each denomination held its own school.\\nLike most other localities, the Methodists were largely in the ma-\\njority among the early preachers of the gospel here. The absence of\\nall formalities, the plain, unvarnished presentation of the truth, the\\nacceptance of all who had gifts to preach, faith to pray, and willingness\\nto work, and, more than all, the free salvation they preached, made\\nthat denomination the great civilizer and christianizer of scattered\\ncommunities, and the barrier against utter want of religious teaching.\\nThe preaching of the early fathers was maintained with much regu-\\nlarity in their times, but at irregular places at first in the cabins of\\nthe people, and afterward in the school-honses as they were erected.\\nJohn Demorest was one of the first local preachers, and, with Daniel\\nFairchild, went over this country holding their two-days meetings, and\\nhelping the traveling preachers continually. Samuel Gilbert s house,\\nnear where Mann s chapel was afterward built, was one of the earliest\\npoints; after this at Ray s school-house, at Goudy s school-house, at\\nMyersville, and the Asbury chapel, near the state line. At first it\\nbelonged to the Danville circuit, but about 1855 it was cut off and\\nmade the Myersville circuit. During the former period the Munsells,\\nW. T. Moore, Elliott, Crane and Bradshaw were the preachers. Dur-\\ning the latter, Messrs. Muirhead, Horr, Huckstip, Lyon and Edward\\nRutledge preached. During this period the appointments were: North\\nFork, Asbury, East Fork, Myersville, State Line and Fairchilds. The\\nbooks placed at the disposal of the writer do not show any written\\nrecord farther back than 1864. At this time Rev. W. H. H. Moore\\nwas presiding elder; J. Muirhead, preacher, and the appointments\\nwere: Ross, East Fork, Mann s, Rossville and Myersville. In 1865\\nA. Shinn was presiding elder; Mr. Muirhead, preacher. In 1866 and\\n1867 D. P. Lyon was preacher. In 1868 it became Rossville circuit,\\nwith appointments at Rossville, Eight Mile, Mann s and at a school-\\nhouse; J. A. Kumler, preacher. In 1870, Preston Wood was presiding\\nelder, and Kumler, preacher; in 1871, B. F. Hyde, preacher; in 1873,\\nT. W. Phillips, presiding elder; J. Miller, preacher; in 1874, J. H.\\nNoble, presiding elder. In 1876, J. Shaw was preacher, whose pastorate\\nstill continues in 1878, J. McElfresh, presiding elder. Houses of wor-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0768.jp2"}, "769": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 663\\nship are now occupied at Rossville, Mann s and at East Fork, one mile\\neast of Alvin. The Sabbath-school at Rossville numbers eighty-five,\\nand is under the superintendence of Mr. D. C. Deamude. Mr. John\\nJohns, of Danville, pretty good authority, says he believes Rev. James\\nMcKain was the first Methodist preacher who labored in the northern\\nhalf of the county. He preached here when it belonged to the Eugene\\ncircuit, as early as 1829, though he does not know that he preached in\\nwhat is now Ross.\\nAbout 1848 several families belonging to the United Brethren de-\\nnomination settled in the western part of Ross and along Bean creek.\\nWilliam Cork, the Albrights, Caleb Bennett, Mr. Putnam, and others\\nof that faith, were anxious for preaching there. Rev. Joel Cougill, a\\nmember of the upper Wabash conference, was appointed there in 1851,\\nand organized a class, with Samuel Albright as class-leader. He was\\nfollowed in succession by Messrs. Pencer. Edmonson and Coffman. In\\n1873 a church was built there, on section 30, 36 x 50, with belfry. A\\nlittle later a church was formed at Rossville, and these, with Hoopeston,\\nbecame the Rossville circuit. Messrs. Anderson, Jones and Cork have\\npreached here. There are now twenty-four members. They have\\npurchased the Christian church, and have maintained a Sabbath-school.\\nMr. A. Boardman is class-leader and superintendent of Sabbath-school.\\nBelow is a list of those who have been elected to township office\\nsince the organization of the township\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1851. 49. .John Hoobler. .R. Brickwell A. Gilbert James Gilbert.\\n1852. 47. .T. McKibben. .R. Brickwell A. Gilbert James Gilbert.\\n1853. 60. .T. McKibben. .R. Brickwell James Holmes. .T. Armstrong.\\n1854. 59. .T. McKibben. .L. M. Thompson. .James Holmes J. Holmes.\\n1855. 96. .T. McKibben. .L. M. Thompson. .James Holmes J. Holmes.\\n1856. 82. .A. Gilbert. .L. M. Thompson. .James Holmes J. Holmes.\\n1857. 72. .A. Gilbert L. M. Thompson. .James Holmes J. Holmes.\\n1858. .107. A. Gilbert L. M. Thompson. .James Holmes J. Holmes.\\n1859. .191. .J. R. Stewart. .L. M. Thompson. .J. H. Gilbert J. Holmes.\\n1860... 170... J. R. Stewart.. L. M. Thompson.. A. M. Davis L. M. Thompson.\\n1861... 207... J. R.Stewart.. A.M. Davis A. M. Davis A. T. Search.\\n1862. .110. A. Gilbert S. W. Harris Jacob Helmick .Thomas Gundy.\\n1863. .170. .A. Gilbert L. M. Thompson. .G. A. Collings. .Thomas Gundy.\\n1864. .127. .J. J. Dale Geo. W. Smith. .G. A. Collings. .Geo. A. Collings.\\n1865. 97. .A. Gilbert G. W. Smith A. Davison T. McKibben.\\n1866. 80. .A. Gilbert Henry Boyd J. W. Dale J. W. Dale.\\n1867... 132... A. Gilbert J. D. Bingham. .J. W. Dale J. W. Dale.\\n1868... 139... A. Gilbert Wm. 1. Allen J. W. Dale J. W. Dale.\\n1869. 87. .A. Gilbert Wm. I. Allen F. F. Randolph. .J. W. McTaggart.\\n1870. .138. A. Gilbert J. D. Bingham... .J. J. Davison J. W. McTaggart.\\n1871... 193... A. Gilbert J. D. Bingham... .A. T. Search J. Fisher.\\n1872. .217. .A. Gilbert G. W. Smith J. W. McTaggart.. J. T. Search.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0769.jp2"}, "770": {"fulltext": "664: HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1873. .199 A. Gilbert G. W. Smith J. W. McTaggart.-J. T. Search.\\n1874... 261... A. Gilbert G. W. Smith J. Fisher W. H. Collings.\\n1875. .168. .A. Gilbert G. W. Smith A. T. Search J. H. Braden.\\n1876... 204... A. Gilbert G. W. Smith A. T. Search W. D. Foulke.\\n1877. .210. .A. Gilbert J. H. Williams. .John Cook A. T. Search.\\n1878. .360. W. Chambers. .H. Shannon J. Fisher J. C. Gundy.\\n1879. .340. W. Chambers. .D. C. Deamude. .J. S. Tursher J. C. Gundy.\\nJustices of the peace James Holmes, J. M. Demorest, L. A. Bard,\\nSamuel Albright, J. J. Dale, A. Gilbert, W. I. Allen, W. Salmons,\\nW. D. Foulke, John Davison.\\nROSSVILLE.\\nRossville is situated on the dividing line between Ross and Grant\\ntownships, at the point where the state road from Danville to Chicago\\ncrosses the old state road running from Attica, Indiana, to Blooming-\\nton. Its corporate limits now include what used to be known as\\nLiggett s Grove on the south and Bicknell s Point on the north. The\\nChicago Eastern Illinois railroad runs along its eastern boundary.\\nIt is eighteen miles from Danville, and about six from Hoopeston.\\nThe north fork runs about one mile west of it. The land upon which\\nit is built is beautifully rolling, giving natural advantages of landscape\\nwhich have been well used in beautifying the homes of its citizens.\\nThe first settlement within its limits, as has been before stated, was\\nby John Liggett, who gave his name to the locality. His early death,\\nhowever, gave the place to Alvan Gilbert, whose quick eye and accu-\\nrate judgment readily saw that in course of time there would be a trad-\\ning point there, and perhaps a place of considerable local importance.\\nThe building of the La Fayette, Bloomington Muncie through the\\nnext northern tier of townships, instead of following, as seemed likely,\\nthe old traveled road, somewhat changed the anticipations. For a\\nwhile it was called Bicknell s Point, and again it was known far and\\nnear as Henpeck, though who gave it this name, and why, is not\\nnow very apparent.\\nAfter the tide of immigration which was consequent upon the rail-\\nroad building of 1851 to 1855 had tilled these prairies around the\\ngroves with hardy settlers, it became evident that some one must\\nkeep store at Henpeck, and Samuel Frazier, of Danville, put in a\\nstock of goods there in 1856, and continued to sell for four years. The\\ndepression consequent upon the financial storm of 1857 put back the\\nenterprise of the little village some years, and it was not until after the\\nclose of the rebellion that it may really have been said to grow much.\\nSeveral business ventures were tried, few of which proved successful.\\nIn 1857 Thomas Armstrong and the North Fork Odd-Fellows Lodge", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0770.jp2"}, "771": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 665\\nbuilt the two-story frame store now standing on the southwest corner\\nof the principal cross-roads. It was built as a joint enterprise, the\\nI.O.O.F. owning the upper story. This room, although belonging to\\na secret and rather exclusive society, has been for many years the only\\npublic hall an apparent contradiction of terms in Rossville. Here\\nall the societies and lodges ever organized at Rossville have found their\\nhomes, and for years the gospel was preached by those advanced guards\\nof religious instruction and higher civilization, the traveling and local\\nhumble Methodist preachers, and by old Father Kingsbury, the pioneer\\nPresbyterian preacher of this county. Some worthy poet ought to tell,\\nin measures which the historian cannot hope to reach, how here the\\nglad tidings of free salvation reverberated through the room, while\\nrighteousness was dressed to square and compass by Masonic goat-\\nriders. Here the stern decrees, popularized in more austere communi-\\nties by calvinistic doctrinaires, and election, preordination and predes-\\ntination, were made household words, while rabid grangers held the\\nmythical middleman by the nape of the neck over a boiling, seathing,\\nsulphurous perdition, ready to let him fall at the drop of the hat.\\nHere for years the long-to-be-remembered union Sabbath-school was\\nheld, which crowded the hall to its fullest capacity, where many a dear\\nlittle one now singing the glad song of the redeemed in heaven learned\\nto lisp the simple truths of religion. It does take off the rough edges\\nof those who are opposed to secret societies to recall the good which\\nhas been done in that plain old hall. The store-room in the first story,\\nwas occupied as soon as built by Whitcomb Upp, with a general\\nstock of goods, with George S. Cole as clerk. In the spring of 1859\\nW. R. Gessie opened a stock of goods here, with Win. Mann as man-\\nager. It was in operation for some time, and the goods were then\\nshipped back to Ohio.\\nThe spring of 1862 brought to Rossville a man who, from that\\ntime to the present, has been one of the most important factors in its\\nbusiness prosperity. Perhaps no man in the community has been more\\nthoroughly energetic (with the possible exception of Mr. Alvan Gil-\\nbert, who was to all intents the father of Rossville,) in building up the\\nyoung town than W. J. Henderson. He opened up a general stock of\\ngoods in 1862, and the people soon learned that he had come to stay.\\nIn 1861 he built the frame store which so long stood on the ground\\nupon which now stands his magnificent brick block, since which time\\nhe has been engaged in trade, in farming, keeping hotel and looking\\nafter all. the interests of Rossville. In 1859 Gideon Davis built the\\nsouth part of the large hotel and occupied it until he sold it to John\\nSmith, who in turn traded it to Dr. M. T. Livingood, who purchased", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0771.jp2"}, "772": {"fulltext": "666 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nit with a view to enlarge and improve it for the better accommodation\\nof the traveling public. In 1873 he built the north part, 24x44, two\\nstories high, at an expense of nearly $4,000. It could hardly be called\\na financial success, but the Doctor accomplished his purpose of giving\\nto Rossville the best hotel in the county north of Danville. About\\n1862 Alvan Gilbert built the store now occupied by J. R. Smith, on\\nthe corner north of the Odd-Fellows building, which was occupied by\\nShort Brothers, of Danville, with a general stock of goods for two\\nyears.\\nJonas Sloat opened a blacksmith shop in 1857. The post-office\\nknown as North Fork was established in 1839 at Gilbert s, near Mann s\\nChapel, and in 1853 it was removed here and Alvan Gilbert appointed\\npostmaster. It continued to bear that name until Rossville was laid\\nout, when the name was changed. Alvan Gilbert and Joseph Satter-\\nthwait laid out and recorded the original town of Rossville about 1857.\\nIt contained only four blocks at the crossing of the Chicago and Attica\\nroads, and the two principal streets were named so from that fact. Gil-\\nbert and Satterthwait s first addition was laid out and recorded in\\nApril, 1862, lying all around the original town. Gilbert s second\\naddition lay south and east of this, seventeen blocks. W. T. and W.\\nH. Livingood s, of eighteen blocks, is east of the original town. W. J.\\nHenderson laid out an addition of nine blocks north of this, and Gil-\\nbert a third addition south of the former. It was incorporated under\\nthe general incorporation act in force July, 1872. As soon as the act\\nwas in force a petition was signed and the county court ordered an\\nelection under the act to be held on the 27th of July, to vote for or\\nagainst incorporating, which election resulted in favor of incorporation\\nby a vote of. 53 to 15. Under this petition the bounds were fixed as\\nall of the east half of section 11 and west half of section 12, town 22,\\nrange 12, embracing one mile square, the north half of which is in\\nGrant and the south half in Ross. On the 24th of August an election\\nwas held for six trustees, clerk and police magistrate, resulting in the\\nelection of R. E. Purviance, Isaac B. Warner, W. C. Tuttle, William\\nLaidlow, W. F. Lefevre, Ira Green, trustees; B. Z. Duly, clerk; J.\\nW. McTaggart, police magistrate. These officers put the new village\\ninto successful operation and provided a code of ordinances under\\nwhich it has prospered without licensing dram shops.\\nThe present officers are: J. C. Gundy, president; William Thomas,\\nE. M. Gilbert, James Stafford, J. Warner, trustees; R. S.Williams,\\nclerk; Mr. Deamude, treasurer; W. S. Demoree, police magistrate;\\nD. C. Lee, constable. The clerk receives one dollar per meeting; trus-\\ntees, fifty cents when present; treasurer, one per centum.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0772.jp2"}, "773": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 667\\nThe progressive growth of the village has been uninterrupted since\\nthat time, several good buildings have been erected, and many pleasant\\nresidences. Putnam Albright built the nice brick block on the north-\\neast corner of Attica and Chicago streets in 1873. It is two stories\\nhigh, sixty-five feet deep, and twenty feet wide in front by thirty-three\\nin the rear. It is occupied below by a store and bank, and by offices\\nabove. It is neatly and substantially built. W. J. Henderson built\\nthe fine brick block which he occupies, in 1875. It is 35x90, two\\nstories, having a good public hall above. The store-room is one of the\\nfinest in the county, thirty-three feet wide in the clear, with counting-\\nroom and safety-deposit vault, neatly finished off in oiled hard-wood,\\nand presents anything but a rural appearance. It cost $7,500. Mr.\\nDeamude built the fine brick block which stands next to Henderson s,\\nin 1876. It is 24x80, two stories, having office and tin shop above.\\nIt was built for the hardware trade, which Mr. Deamude has so long\\ncarried on here, and occupied by him until his retirement from trade\\nlast year, and is now used by his successor.\\nThe original brick two-story school-house was built in 1868, 36 x 65,\\nand was occupied the next year. In 1874 it was found too small,\\nand a two-story addition, 30x40, was built. The grounds are ample\\nand neat. The entire cost, furnished, was about $10,000. The school\\nis graded, and employs six teachers, and is run eight months. It is\\njustly the pride of the district.\\nThe Methodist church was built in 1869. It is brick, 34x56, and\\ncost $5,500. It was dedicated in July, 1870, by Elder Moody, the\\nfighting parson, who acquired his title while serving as chaplain in\\nthe arm} by the business-like way with which he upheld the sword\\nof the Lord and of Gideon, by praying all night and fighting all day\\nwith just the same spirit and faith.\\nThe Presbyterian church was built about the same time, and is a\\nneat frame building 32 x 54, with vestibule at the corner surmounted\\nby a belfry. It cost about $3,000, and was dedicated in October, 1870.\\nThe Christians built a church which is 30 x 46, which they afterward\\nsold to the United Brethren.\\nThe Rossville Mill, a large and in every respect a first-class mill,\\nwas built by Tuttle Ross in 1875, and the large elevator of Com-\\nstock Co., 40 x 60, in 1873.\\nNorth Fork Lodge, I.O.O.F., No. 245, was chartered in 1857.\\nJames Holmes, Lewis A. Burd, J. H. Gilbert, Fulton Armstrong, A.\\nGilbert, J. R. Stewart, J. Dixon, John Rudy, J. Helmick, J. P. Jones\\nand L. M. Thompson were charter members, of whom the last is the\\nonly one left in the lodge. The first officers were: Fulton Armstrong,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0773.jp2"}, "774": {"fulltext": "668 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nN.G. Alvan Gilbert, V.G. L. M. Thompson, secretary; J. R.\\nStewart, treasurer L. A. Burd, chaplain J. [Tier, lodge deputy. The\\nlodge owns its hall, and has been fairly prosperous, especially since the\\nwar; during that, the number did not often exceed six or eight. The\\npresent officers are: W. W. Phillips, KG.; W. W. Lettrill, V.G.\\nD. W. Foulke, secretary; L. M. Thompson, treasurer.\\nThe first meeting of Rossville Lodge, A.F. A.M., working under\\ndispensation, was held November 23, 1866. Henry C. Ellis, W.M.\\nJohn Ridgway, S.W. N. Griffing, J.W. pro tern. R. Potter, S.D.\\npro tern. J. V. Blackburn, J.D. pro tern. E. S. Pope, secretary pro\\ntern. Jacob Haas, tyler pro tern. Rossville Lodge, No. 527, was\\nchartered October 1, 1867. The charter members were John Ridgway,\\nS. D. Lewis, H. C. Ellis, E. S. Townsend, D. P. Haas, John R. Jerauld,\\nH. D. Campbell, A. M. Davis, William York, J. D. Bingham and\\nJacob Haas. The first officers were: John Ridgway, W.M. H. C.\\nEllis, S.W. James D. Bingham, J.W. The charter was signed by\\nJerome R. Gorin, grand master, and H. G. Reynolds, grand secretary.\\nThe lodge has at present some forty or forty-five members. The\\npresent officers are: W. W. Phillips, W.M. Harry Shannon, S.W.\\nJ. C. Gundy, J.W. J. R. Livingood, secretary; D. C. Deamude,\\ntreasurer; E. F. Birch, S.D. Patrick Pendergrast, J.D. Thomas\\nDengler, tyler.\\nThe Rossville Lodge, No. 650, Knights of Honor, was chartered by\\nthe Supreme Lodge of the World, May, 1877. The charter members\\nwere J. J. McElroy, W. D. Foulke, William Yining, G. G. Ruth, J. C.\\nGundy, John Milligan, J. Warner, A. Grant, J. R. Livingood, S. A.\\nWatson, W. H. Oakwood. J. C. Gundy was past dictator; W. D.\\nFoulke, dictator; J. R. Livingood, vice dictator; J. B.Warner, assist-\\nant dictator; J. Milligan, chaplain S. A. Watson, guide; G. G. Ruth,\\nreporter; A. Grant, treasurer; Messrs. Gundy, Milligan and Yining,\\ntrustees. The lodge meets in the Odd-Fellows hall. Their objects\\nare not unlike those of the Odd-Fellows order, having an established\\nwidows fund, in addition to other regular beneficiaries. The supreme\\nlodge makes regular assessments on subordinate lodges to meet the\\nnecessities of obligations to the representatives of deceased members.\\nDuring the devastations of the yellow fever last year the lodge was\\ntaxed heavily, assessments following each other in quick succession, all\\nof which were promptly met in the spirit which actuates the order.\\nThere are now eighteen members. The present officers are J. C\\nGundy, dictator; J. R. Livingood, vice dictator; J. J. McElroy, assist-\\nant dictator; William Yining, chaplain; A. Grant, guide; W. D.\\nFoulke, reporter.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0774.jp2"}, "775": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 669\\nIn 1873 the Rossville Observer, a six-column folio, was started\\nby Mr. Moore. It was republican first, but in 1876 went with the\\ngreenback or national cause. Mr. Moore discontinued its publica-\\ntion after three years, and removed to Champaign, where he became\\nconnected^ with the Union. In 1876 Mr. J. Cromer commenced the\\npublication of the Enterprise, a republican paper, and continued it\\nfor nearly two years. He then went to Homer, where he is still en-\\ngaged in publishing. Rossville now has no paper.\\nALVIN.\\nWhen the Havana, Rantoul Eastern railroad was built it was ap-\\nparent that at its crossing with the Chicago Danville road there\\nwould a station of some importance grow up. As early as 1872 a sta-\\ntion had been established on the Chicago Danville road a mile south\\nof where Alvin now is, called Gilbert, from Hon. Alvan Gilbert, who\\nhad been so long identified with all the material interests of Ross, and\\nwho had been, more than any other man, instrumental in saving the\\ntownship aid which had been voted by Ross to this railroad. A post-\\noffice was established, which, for some reason, did not bear the name\\nof the station probably because of the similarity between its name\\nand that of some other post-office in the state. To compromise mat-\\nters, they attempted to name the post-office for Mr. Gilbert s given\\nname, which was Alvan he always persisting in that spelling, which\\nviolated the theories and practices of the post-office department, and by\\nthe officials it was spelled as indicated at the head of this article.\\nL. T. Dixson laid out the town of Gilbert on section 8 (21-11), and\\nBruce Peters and D. McKibben started a store. Peters was postmaster.\\nSoon after this the store was sold to J. D. Williams, and he was ap-\\npointed postmaster. John Davison afterward bought it. and put in a\\nstock of dry-goods. Dr. G. W. Akers started in the drug business in\\nAugust, 1875, and continued there for one year, at which time the\\nnarrow-gauge road was a fixed fact, and drugs, store, post-office, station\\nand all moved a mile farther north, and Gilbert went where Jim Fisk s\\nprofits in the great crop-moving Wall street speculation went.\\nIn laying out and giving name to the new town the 1 officials showed\\nthe good judgment of following not only the name but the spelling of\\nthe post-office which was moved there from Gilbert.\\nThe building of this road only called for private subscriptions, as\\nthe law and the constitution under which the people, the townships,\\ncities and counties had run headlong into debt in aid of useless railroads\\nhad been repealed, and the voting local aid is among the things of\\nthe past. The company bought twelve acres of land of Samuel Kuns,", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0775.jp2"}, "776": {"fulltext": "670 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\non section 5, eight of which they laid out in town lots and recorded as\\nthe town of Alvin. John Davison and W. D. Foulke laid out additions\\nwest of this, and Samuel Kuns north of it. J. W. Stansbury laid out\\nan addition west of these, making in all about seventy acres now\\nwithin the unincorporated village of Alvin.\\nRiley Yatman, a carpenter, built the first house in Alvin, which he\\nsold to James Caldwell and went to Monticello. Abram L. Buckles\\nbuilt, in December, 1875, the hotel building at the railroad crossing,\\nwhich he now occupies. Dr. G. W. Akers built the drug store he now\\noccupies in 1876. George Ford, an old resident of Knox county, came\\nhere from Rantoul in 1876 and put up the fine, large boarding-house,\\nthe Alvan House, which he now occupies. This was built on the\\noriginal town.\\nRev. J. D. Jenkins (Presbyterian) commenced preaching here occa-\\nsionally in 1877, and in the spring of 1878 a petition was presented to\\nthe Bloomington Presbytery to send a commission to organize a church\\nhere, according to the rules of that church. The prayer was granted,\\nand Rev. Mr. Brooks, of Danville, Rev. John H. Dillingham and\\nElder Grant, of Rossville, were appointed to visit Alvin and organize\\na church. April 30 Messrs. Dillingham and Grant organized a church\\nof nineteen members, ten of whom came by letter and nine on profes-\\nsion of their faith. It was decided by the church to adopt the rotary\\nsystem of eldership, and George L. Caldwell, Charles Peterson and\\nDr. Akers were elected elders; J. O. Andrews, Dr. G. W. Howard\\nand J. Q. Tyler were elected deacons. A Sabbath-school was estab-\\nlished, of which Mr. Tyler was elected superintendent. Jas. McDonald,\\nS. Kuns and Dr. Akers were elected trustees, and the church engaged\\nMr. Jenkins to preach each alternate Sabbath. The trustees at once\\nset about building a church edifice, 28x40, and have it so far completed\\nthat they have been occupying it during the winter. It has been used\\nby the district school for the winter, as the district has no school-house.\\nIt is proposed to complete the church as fast as means are collected for\\nthat purpose. It will cost, completed, $1,000. There are now twenty-\\nfive residences in Alvin, and the grain trade amounts to about forty-five\\nthousand bushels annually. J. H. Braden is postmaster.\\nRayville is a station on the Havana, Rantoul Eastern railroad,\\nwith a post-office and one store, established on the land of R. R. Ray, of\\nRossville.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nAlvan Gilbert, deceased, was born in Ontario county, New York, on\\nthe 11th of July, 1810, and was a son of Samuel and Mary (Morse)\\nGilbert. About 1825 he emigrated with his parents and two younger", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0776.jp2"}, "777": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 671\\nbrothers (James H. and Elias M.) to Crawford county, Ohio, and tarry-\\ning there a year, continued their removal westward, settling in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, two miles south of Danville, at which place no\\nsettlement was begun till about two years later. His father having\\nbecome early interested in a ferry, the first ever established at Dan-\\nville, he was employed some years as ferryman, transporting men and\\nteams across the North Fork of the Vermilion. In 1831, on the 18th\\nday of April, he was married to Miss Matilda Horr, a daughter of\\nRobert Horr. In the spring of 1835 he moved on a farm situated on\\nthe north side of the North Fork, west of the Chicago State road, and\\nopposite Mann s Chapel, which he had purchased from his father-in-law.\\nWhen he had, by successive additions, increased the area to two hun-\\ndred and forty acres, he sold it to his father and younger brother, James\\nH., and bought another from his uncle, Solomon Gilbert, which in-\\ncluded the present northern limits of Rossville. After occupying this\\nplace three years he again sold, and bought the Daniel Liggett home-\\nstead, embracing the present southern limits of Rossville, on which he\\nafterward lived and died. Subsequently he dealt largely in real estate\\nand personal property. He owned at the time of his death nearly one\\nthousand acres, besides some valuable lots in Danville and Chicago, and\\na tract of land in Iowa. His business transactions were distinguished\\nby the utmost fairness and the strictest honesty. His first wife died on\\nthe 13th of March, 1849, leaving two children Sarah E., wife of Geo.\\nC. Dickson, and Nancy J., wife of Frederick Grooms, both residents\\nof Vermilion county. His second wife, sister to the deceased, to whom\\nhe was married on the 14th of November, 1849, was formerly Miss\\nNancy Horr, and relict of Samuel Elzy. She was born Sunday, on\\nthe 20th of January, 1815. Mr. Gilbert was one of the first volunteers\\nin the Sac war, and was enrolled under Capt. Dan W. Beckwith.\\nAfter his return, a young man of resolution was required to convey dis-\\npatches to Gen. Atkinson, at Ottawa. The distance was two hundred\\nmiles and the country infested with hostile Indians, but he volunteered\\nto perform the mission at every hazard and taking another young man\\nof daring qualities in his company, he successfully executed his trust,\\nbeing but once chased by the red foe. Mr. Gilbert was prominently\\nbefore the public man} T years, and his name was a household world.\\nHe was honored beyond most men of local reputation, and in spirited\\ncontrast to the aspiring demagogues who throng the arena; his stead-\\nfast integrity, uniform goodness and strength of character, his even,\\nunvarying merit, preceded and invited every honor. He was one of\\nthe commissioners appointed by the legislature to divide Vermilion\\ncounty into townships, on the adoption by the county of that system of", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0777.jp2"}, "778": {"fulltext": "672 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\norganization. He was one of the three commissioners to divide the\\nswamp lands between this county and Ford, when the territory of the\\nlatter was detached from Vermilion, himself and Mr. Lamb acting on\\nbehalf of the old county, and Judge Patton of the new. Their labors\\ncovered a period of three months, and gave entire satisfaction to both\\nsections. In 1876 he was elected to the state general assembly. He\\nwas a member of one of the visiting committees, and while in perform-\\nance of his duty inspecting some public work, the chilly, humid atmos-\\nphere within the freshly erected walls, caused him to contract a violent\\ncold which brought on an excruciating attack of rheumatism, pros-\\ntrating him several weeks, and from the effects of which he never com-\\npletely recovered. He was a member of the board of supervisors\\neighteen years, and chairman of that honorable body most of the time\\nduring his faithful service. He was intimately associated with the ma-\\nterial growth and prosperity of the county. When a young man he\\nhauled material to build the old court-house, and as chairman of the\\nboard and of the building committee, assisted in the erection of the new.\\nHis quiet but useful life terminated on the 18th of October, 1878. The\\nfollowing honorable tribute to his character is taken from the Hoopes-\\nton Chronicle, of October 24th Alvan Gilbert was a man who\\nloved his fellow-men, and in turn was held in close affection by all\\nwho knew his noble qualities. He was the self-constituted guardian of\\nthe poor and oppressed in his vicinity. They felt that no harm could\\nbefall them, no grinding landlord could turn them into the street, so\\nlong as their benefactor lived. In every public enterprise, in every\\nprivate benefaction, in all enterprises redounding to the general good,\\nMr. Gilbert was ever in the van, and his hand was ever willing to be-\\nstow an equable portion of his substance, not for ostentatious display,\\nbut purely and simply out of his native generosity. Prominent in\\nlocal matters, he was equally conspicuous in the developments of the\\ncounty where he passed more than half a century. Elevated to posi-\\ntions of honor and trust, he performed his duty faithfully and well.\\nThe Danville News of the 25th, contained the following At the\\noutbreak of the rebellion his whole soul was enlisted in the cause of\\nmaintaining the Union. His activity as a private citizen, and in his\\npublic capacity on the board of supervisors, was untiring in keeping\\nthe quota of Vermilion county more than full in the Meld, while his\\ngenerosity, aid and sympathy, through all the war, was liberally nay,\\neven bountifully bestowed upon the wife, children and parents of\\nthe absent soldier. Of the thousands of men, the patriotism and benev-\\nolence of Alvan Gilbert shone through, conspicuously, all the dark\\nhours of that terrible struggle. The soldiers and their families, of Ver-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0778.jp2"}, "779": {"fulltext": "**L\\nf* a***s oc6 ^vJ\\nDECD.\\nDANVILLE", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0779.jp2"}, "780": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0780.jp2"}, "781": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. C73\\nmilion county, can never forget this noble trait of his character. He\\nwas a public spirited man in every sense of the term. Anything that\\nwould promote the general good, whether of religion, education, public-\\nroads and railroads, always found him an early and persistent friend.\\nHe was a consistent and liberal member of the Presbyterian church,\\nand aided largely by his influence and means to build up the denomi-\\nnation. Politically, he was firm in his principles, but moderate in\\nthe expression of his views, and charitable toward opponents; first a\\nwhig and afterward a republican. Mr. Gilbert s funeral was the largest\\never had in Vermilion county, over a thousand people turning out to\\ntestify how deeply the public heart was moved, and how siucerelv his\\nloss was deplored. The Rev. J. H. Dillingham, of the Presbyterian\\nchurch, conducted the service, assisted by the Rev. James Shaw of the\\nMethodist denomination. There were one hundred and seventy-five\\ncarriages and wagons in the procession, which was just one mile and a\\nhalf long. He was buried in the cemetery at Mann s chapel, three\\nmiles south of Rossville, with the honors of Odd-Fellowship. The\\nGilbert family are descendants of English stock, and their ancestors\\nwere early settlers of Massachusetts colony. Mr. Gilbert s grandfather\\nwas a native of that commonwealth, and a soldier in the war of the rev-\\nolution. His uncle, Solomon, served in the war of 1812, and in 1831\\nmigrated to this county and spent the remainder of his life. His\\ngrandfather, Zebediah Morse, was also a revolutionary soldier, and a\\nprogenitor of the celebrated Morse family, including the inventor of\\nthe electric telegraph Prof. S. F. B. Morse. This family traces its\\nlineage to pilgrims of the Mayflower. Mrs. Gilbert s ancestors, the\\nHorrs, formed a part of the first hardy band of pilgrims. Her father,\\ngrandfather and great-grandfather, each bore the christian name of\\nRobert, and her father and grandfather were each born in the same\\nhouse in the town of Plymouth and near the Plymouth Rock. Her\\ngrandfather bore arms for his country in the revolution, and her father\\nin the war of 1812. The latter, Robert Horr, was born on Monday,\\nJanuary 19, 1781, as has been already stated, in Plymouth, Massachu-\\nsetts. In 1812 he moved to Niagara Falls. The American troops, in\\nwinter quarters at that place, were destitute of clothing, and Mr. Horr\\nconceived the idea of making a supply, not hesitating to ply the needle\\nwith his own hands, though he had never done so before. Taking in\\ncompany with him a seamster, they went to work, and with the help\\nof a force of sewing girls, during the winter, furnished the soldiers a\\ncomplete outfit. At the close of the war he came west and settled\\nwhere Columbus, Ohio, is situated, and bought a tract of land on\\nwhich the state penitentiary has since been built. In 1827 he sold his\\n43", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0781.jp2"}, "782": {"fulltext": "674 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhome and removed to Illinois, stopping the following winter with Gur-\\ndon S. Hubbard, at Bunkum, a trading post on the Iroquois River.\\nHubbard had opened a small store in Danville, at this time, and a few\\nfamilies had knotted together in a settlement. Next spring Mr. Horr,\\naccompanied by Hubbard, came and looked out a place on the North\\nFork of the Vermilion, a little distance west of the present site of\\nMann s chapel. Here he died on the 10th of August, 1834, aged fifty-\\nthree years, ten months. The death of his wife, Lavina (Hamm) Horr,\\nwho was born Tuesday, August 1, 1782, followed close upon his own,\\noccurring on the 26th of October, 1834.\\nJames H. Gilbert, deceased, was born in Rushville, New York, on\\nthe 15th of August, 1817. When a small boy, his parents, Samuel and\\nMary (Morse) Gilbert, moved to Danville, Illinois. After a few years\\nresidence there the family moved up on the North Fork, a short dis-\\ntance west of where Mann s Chapel now stands. He was married on\\nthe 14th of October, 1838, to Elizabeth W. McIIenry, who died on the\\n1st of May, 3 844. He was married again, on the 10th of July, 1845,\\nto Sarah Mather, who was born in Franklin county, Ohio, on the 11th\\nof March, 1822. Mrs. Mary Mather, Mrs. Gilbert s mother, spent the\\nlatter part of her life, a considerable period, with her daughter. She\\nwas a sister to James Davison, Mrs. Joseph Kerr, and Mrs. Joseph\\nGundy, all pioneers of Vermilion county. Mr. Gilbert s family con-\\nsisted of nine children, as follows: Samuel, born on the 15th of\\nAugust, 1839; died on the 26th of August, 1839. Twin brother (un-\\nnamed), born on the 29th of November, 1840; died on the 24th of\\nJanuary, 1841. William Henry, born on the 29th of November, 1840;\\ndied the same day. Alvan Ambrose, born on the 26th of July, 1842;\\ndied on the 9th of August. 1842. Lydia A., born on the 9th of August,\\n1846; Elias M., born on the 13th of May, 1848; Mary Elizabeth, born\\non the 27th of August, 1850 died on the 13th of January, 1866. Jane,\\nborn on the 1st of July, 1852; Samuel H., born on the 12th of April,\\n1854. Mr. Gilbert died on the 15th of January, 1861. His influence\\nw 7 as always felt for good, and he was highly esteemed by all who knew\\nhim. He w T as charged by his fellow-citizens with the duties of town-\\nship offices at different times. He was descended from the Puritans,\\nhis ancestors having been among those who embarked in the May-\\nflower; and was remotely related to Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor\\nof the magnetic telegraph.\\nJohn H. Johnson, Bismark, farmer, was born in Jackson county,\\nOhio, on the 3d of January, 1821, and is a son of Richard and Milbrey\\n(Graves) Johnson. He was reared behind the counter of a dry-goods\\nstore. At the age of twenty-six he engaged in trafficking and farming.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0782.jp2"}, "783": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 675\\nHis operations have always been confined to the Wabash Valley. In\\n1826 his parents removed and settled at Fort Harrison, Vigo county,\\nIndiana, but, remaining there only a short time, went to Lafayette,\\nwhere his father died on the 30th of August, 1830. Mr. Johnson has\\nheld various township offices; was alderman of the fourth ward in\\nDanville four years. In 1866 he was elected secretary of the Wabash\\nGeneral Association of Detective Companies, which position he has\\nheld to the present time. He was an old-line whig, sealing his fealty\\nto that party by voting for Henry Clay in 1844. He has been an odd-\\nfellow since 1846. His family now consists of six living children Ora\\nC, Mary H., Annie, Richard, Edward II., and Barton. He owns three\\nhundred and twenty acres of land, worth $9,500. His political views\\nare republican.\\nLouis M. Thompson, Rossville, farmer, was born on the 31st of\\nMay, 1829, in Dearborn county, Indiana, and is the son of John and\\nEsther (Payne) Thompson. He came with his parents to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, in the fall of 1831, and has lived here since that time.\\nHe was married on the 17th of August, 1848, to Judith A. Burroughs,\\nand the same year moved and settled in Ross township, on the farm he\\nstill owns, which lies southeast of Rossville, and corners with that cor-\\nporation. Since 1873 his family has lived in the village. Mr. Thomp-\\nson is a stirring man a community with a few such never stagnates.\\nHe has farmed, bought, raised and sold stock; been town clerk of Ross\\nseven years, collector twice, road commissioner, taught school one term.\\nHe is the father of six living children: Viola, Mary, John, Etta, Lena,\\nHattie. He owns seven hundred and eighty acres of land, worth\\n$23,000. In politics he is a republican.\\nWilliam Songer, Rossville, farmer, was born in Danville township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 26th of June, 1832. He is the son\\nof Samuel and Sarah (Parker) Songer. His father was a native of\\nVirginia and his mother of Maryland. He was married on the 19th of\\nMay, 1857, to Miss Sarah A. Daugherty, who was born on the 30th of\\nOctober, 1839. In 1867 he moved on the farm which he now owns,\\nthree miles southeast of Rossville, which lies in sections 17 and 18,\\ntown 22, range 11. He is at present commissioner of highways for\\nRoss township. He carries on a considerable stock business in con-\\njunction with tanning. He is the father of four living children Charles\\nW., born on the 4th of August, 1858 Mary Adeline, born on the 1st\\nof March, 1860; Samuel W., born on the 28th of July, 1862; and\\nGilbert W., born on the 15th of May, 1868. He owns two hundred\\nand sixteen acres of land, worth $6,500. He is a greenback republi-\\ncan in politics.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0783.jp2"}, "784": {"fulltext": "676 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nAbraham Mann, Rossville, farmer, was born at Leighton Buzzard,\\nBedfordshire, England, on the 17th of February, 1830. He is the son\\nof Abraham Mann. About 1835 his father immigrated to America,\\nand after stopping a few months in New York, came to Vermilion\\ncounty and purchased a large tract of land, embracing several thousand\\nacres, in Ross township, making his residence in Danville for a while\\nat first. Soon afterward Mrs. Mann died, and in about 1840, the fam-\\nily returned to England and remained until about 1846, the children\\nbeing educated in the meantime. From 1846 to 1851, Mr. Mann,\\ntogether with his sons, Abraham and John, made several trips between\\nthe two countries, but finally, in the latter year, settled down and\\nresided permanently in America. The family had valuable landed\\ninterests in England, which they retained until a recent date. The\\nhead of the family, Abraham Matin, Sr., died on the 17th of October,\\n1865. He was a large-hearted, benevolent man. Instances of his\\ngenerosity, and of his concern for the welfare of his neighbors are men-\\ntioned by early settlers. The subject of this sketch had a sister older,\\nand a brother and a sister younger, than himself. His brother John\\ntook great delight in the chase, and always kept mettled horses and a\\npack of English hounds. His fine social qualities, kind heart and\\nobliging nature made him greatly beloved and while he lived he was\\na leading man in the community and enjoyed a wide and honorable\\nreputation. His death occurred on the 19th of October, 1873. Mr.\\nMann is one of the largest farmers and stock-raisers in eastern Illinois.\\nHis estate comprises upward of four thousand acres of rich farming\\nland, with an abundance of good timber. His mansion, whose erection\\nwas begun in August, 1874, and which was finished the next summer,\\nand occupied in November following, is the finest edifice of its kind in\\nYermilion county. It contains twenty spacious rooms, including dairy\\nand laundry, and exclusive of the large halls, closets and garret. It\\nwas built at a cost of about $30,000. The adjoining grounds are laid\\nout with taste and planted with flowers and evergreens. A greenhouse\\nis attached to the premises. Mr. Mann is an extensive stock-raiser,\\nand a lover of fine horses, of which he keeps a considerable number,\\nmostly English draft. He is fond of sport and recreation, and often\\nmakes considerable trips, generally to the west, with a party of his\\nchosen fellows, to hunt, travel and otherwise seek adventure and\\namusement. He is liberal to all worthy objects of charity, and emi-\\nnently public-spirited. His donations to schools and churches and the\\nvarious public institutions reach a large sum. Honest worth and enter-\\nprise find him a ready patron and the poor have learned that his kind-\\nness is as abundant as the sunshine. His genial nature makes him the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0784.jp2"}, "785": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 677\\nsoul of every private gathering. He is plain and simple in his habits\\nand manners. His modesty is a conspicuous trait that is equaled only\\nby his goodness of heart, and the universal esteem which he enjoys by\\nvirtue of his many excellences of character. He is a republican in\\npolitics, and has been an active member of the Methodist church thirty\\nyears. The Mann family have always been noted for their hospitality,\\nand their careful avoidance of notoriety.\\nJohn Davison, Rossville, collecting agent, was born in Ross town-\\nship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 12th of February, 1837, and\\nis the son of Robert and Melinda (Chenowerth) Davison. He was\\nbrought up to farm labor. In the fall of 1856 and the next winter he\\nattended school at Perrysvilje, Indiana, and, the following summer,\\nclerked at Myersville for Andy Gundy. He spent the next winter at\\nPerrysville, and the succeeding spring at Danville, in school again.\\nOn the 26th of September, 1858, he was married to Maria, daughter of\\nJoseph Gundy. He enlisted in Co. F, 4th 111. Cav., in July, 1861, and\\nwas in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson was discharged\\nin August, 1862. Mr. Davison returned to farming. From 1873 to\\n1876 he was employed in mercantile pursuits. He was elected justice\\nof the peace in 1877, and since then has been in the collecting busi-\\nness. He has three living children Willie L., Charley F., Ferdinand.\\nMr. Davison is a republican.\\nAnthony T. Search, Alvin, farmer, was born in Bucks county, Penn-\\nsylvania, on the 16th of August, 1814. He is a son of Christopher\\nand Ann (Miles) Search. He learned the tailor s trade, and followed\\nit a number of years. In April, 1837, he started for Illinois, stopping\\nand working at his trade at different places on the route, and arrived\\nat Danville in August. He was married on the 18th of February,\\n1839, to Miss Eliza McKibben. In 1840 he went to Cape Girardeau\\ncounty, Missouri, and lived there until 1850, when he crossed the\\nplains to California. He remained there mining, doing moderately\\nwell, till 1856, at which time he returned to the states by steamship,\\nstopping a few months in New York and Philadelphia, and reaching\\nDanville, Illinois, in February, 1857. He then devoted himself to\\nfarming until the breaking out of the war. In August, 1861, he re-\\ncruited Co. F, 4th 111. Cav., Col. Lyle Dickey. He was commissioned\\ncaptain on the 27th, and mustered into the United States service the\\nnext month. He was engaged in the battles of Forts Henry and\\nDonelson, and Shiloh and Coffeeville, and, as usual with cavalry, in\\nnumberless skirmishes. When the term of service of his regiment\\nexpired, one battalion veteraned, and he was commissioned major.\\nThis was in September, 1864. Subsequently, he participated in an", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0785.jp2"}, "786": {"fulltext": "678 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nengagement at Egypt, Mississippi, under Gen. Grierson, and later, at\\nthe battle of Franklin, Tennessee. His service extended into the\\nstates of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louis-\\niana and Texas. He was president one year of the Department Court-\\nmartial, which held its sittings sometimes at Houston and at others at\\nGalveston, Texas. He was twice breveted in the field for meritorious\\nservice: first, lieutenant-colonel, and next, colonel. His son Henry\\nvolunteered in the fall of 1863, and was mustered into his company.\\nHe was accidentally thrown from his horse while doing duty in Hous-\\nton, and received mortal injuries. This sad event took place on the\\n31st of October, 1865, and he lingered till the 2d of November, when\\nhe expired. His remains were brought home and interred at Danville.\\nAnother son, Griffith, enlisted in Capt. Samuel Frazier s company, 12th\\n111., Col. McArthur, for three months. He reenlisted in his father s\\ncompany in August, 1861, and served three years. Major Search was\\nmustered out of the service in April, 1866. He was elected sheriff of\\nVermilion county in 1868, and filled that office two years. He has\\nbeen assessor and collector of Ross township, each three terms. He\\nis the father of six children: Ann (relict of William Pierce), Henry,\\nGriffith, Joeddy, William and Sarah (wife of Henry Marshall), who\\ndied on the 12th of August, 1876. He owns one hundred and twenty\\nacres, worth $3,600. He is a stalwart republican in politics.\\nJoseph C. Gundy, Rossville, merchant, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 15th of February, 1838, and is the son of Jo-\\nseph and Sally (Davison) Gundy. He was enrolled on the 1st of June,\\n1861, in Co. B, 25th 111. Vol., and was engaged in the following\\nbattles: Pea Ridge, Perry ville, Stone River, Chickaniauga, Mission\\nRidge and Kenesaw Mountain. His service on the Atlanta campaign\\nterminated on the 26th of August, when his regiment withdrew pre-\\nparatory to returning home, as their period of enlistment had about\\nexpired. He was commissioned second-lieutenant of his company on\\nthe 17th of February, 1862, and first-lieutenant on the 14th of April,\\n1863. He was brigade commissary from the time Buell advanced\\nfrom Louisville until after the battle of Perryville, and post commis-\\nsary at Cleaveland, East Tennessee, in the winter of 1863-4. He has\\nbeen collector of Ross township, and is now president of the board of\\ntrustees of Rossville. Mr. Gundy was married on the 29th of Novem-\\nber, 1865, to Miss Anna Tuttle. They are the parents of two living\\nchildren Flora and Maud M. His political opinions are republican.\\nDaniel C. Deamude, Rossville, merchant, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 26th of July, 1839, and is the son of Samuel\\nand Eleanor (Hillery) Deamude. He was reared a farmer. Mr. Dea-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0786.jp2"}, "787": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. H79\\nmade enrolled in Co. D, 35th 111. Vol., on the 3d of July, 1861, and\\nmustered into the United States service on the 28th of August follow-\\ning. These are the chief engagements in which he participated: Pea\\nRidge, Corinth, Mumfordsville, Perryville, Stone River, Chiekamauga,\\nMission Ridge, Charleston, Tenn., Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard Roost.\\nResaca and Burnt Hickory. At Chiekamauga he was slightly wounded\\nreceived nine bullets through his clothing, two of them taking hair\\nfrom his head at Mission Ridge he received a flesh wound in\\nhis right arm; at Burnt Hickory on the 26th of May, 1864, he was\\nseverely wounded in the left side. He was mustered out with his\\nregiment at Springfield, Illinois, on the 27th of September, 1864. On\\nthe 1st of January following he recruited Co. K, 150th 111. Vol., and\\nwas mustered in as first-lieutenant on the 14th of February he was\\nmustered out early in 1866. Mr. Deatnude married, on the 29th of\\nNovember, 1866, to Harriet a Mosher. The past ten years he has\\nbeen in the hardware trade, in Rossville. He is a republican and a\\nMethodist,\\nThomas J. Allison, Alvin, farmer, was born on the 30th of Septem-\\nber, 1840, in Newell township, Vermilion county, Illinois, and is the\\nson of Otho and Mary (Leonard) Allison. He enlisted on the 15th of\\nAugust, 1861, in Co. K, of which he was fifth-sergeant, 37th 111. Vol..\\nCol. J. C. Black. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Prairie\\nGrove, Van Buren, Ark. Sugar Creek, Neosho, Newtonia, Cape\\nGirardeau and Chalk Bluffs, Mo., and the siege of Vicksburg. He\\nwas taken prisoner in Louisiana on the 29th of September, 1863, and\\nheld in confinement until the 22d of July, 1864. He was married on\\nthe 26th of March, 1867, to Samantha Cunningham. They have two\\nliving children Bertha and Charley. He is a republican in politics.\\nJohn Lytle, Rossville, farmer, was born in Clinton county, Ohio,\\non the 10th of August, 1825. He is the son of John and Bathsheba\\n(Babb) Lytle. When four years old his parents removed to Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana, and in 1843 he came to Vermilion county, Illinois,\\nand lived on the Covington road three miles east of Danville, two\\nyears, then on the North Fork one season, and the rest of the time, till\\n1856, on the East Fork of the Vermilion, when he went west and\\nremained over winter. He returned the next spring and settled where\\nhe now lives, one mile east of Rossville. He has one brother, Isaac.\\nand six sisters: Mary, Anna, Hannah, Eliza, Sarah and Martha. His\\nfather died on the 7th of August, 1836, and his mother on the 27th of\\nMarch, 1854. He owns one hundred and twenty acres, worth $3,500.\\nHe is a republican in politics.\\nCornelius W. Miller, Thomas, Warren county, Indiana, farmer, was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0787.jp2"}, "788": {"fulltext": "680 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 23d of September, 1843.\\nHe is a son of Andrew J. and Catharine (Mover) Miller. He was\\nmarried on the 11th of February, 1877, to Mary Lloyd, who was born\\non the 11th of April, 1854. He owns one hundred and ninety-two\\nacres of land, which lies in sections 19, town 22, range 10, and 24,\\ntown 22, range 11. He is the father of two children James U., born\\non the 4th of February, 1878, and Ida May, born on the 7th of April,\\n1879. In politics he is a democrat.\\nGeorge W. Miller, Rossville, farmer, was born on the 26th of No-\\nvember, 1841, in Vermilion county, Indiana. When two years old his\\nparents, Andrew J. and Catharine (Moyer) Miller, removed to the\\npresent limits of Ross township, Vermilion county, Illinois, where he\\nhas since lived. His farm of two hundred and eighty-five acres, valued\\nat $8,500, lies principally in sections 8, 9 and 16, town 22, range 11.\\nHe was married on the 15th of February, 1872, to Viana C. Haas,\\nwho was born on the 27th of November, 1852. They have four chil-\\ndren: Louisa C, born on the 8th of March, 1873; Andrew D., born\\non the 12th of October, 1874; Samuel J., born on the 13th of October,\\n1876 Mary E., born on the 27th of December, 1878. Mr. Miller is a\\ngreenback democrat, strongly tinctured with independence of all parties.\\nAndrew Miller, deceased, was born in Kentucky on the 31st of De-\\ncember, 1812. He was the son of Cornelius and Alice (Bairden)\\nMiller. He came with his parents to Vermilion county, Indiana, about\\n1831. In 1843 he permanently settled in Vermilion county, Illinois,\\nwhere he died. In 1845 he began improvement on the place where\\nhis widow now resides. He was successful in his business, and acquired\\nconsiderable property. At one time he owned twelve hundred acres\\nof land. He sold some portions of this, and liberally endowed his\\nheirs with the remainder. He was a democrat.\\nIsaac Christman, Rossville, farmer, was born in Preble county, Ohio,\\non the 27th of January, 1823. He is the son of Peter and Sarah\\n(Stout) Christman. In 1828 his parents removed to Tippecanoe\\ncounty, Indiana, and in 1830 to Warren county, where his father died\\non the 3d of November, 1859. He was married on the 26th of No-\\nvember, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Gundy, daughter of Joseph Gundy,\\nsoon afterward he moved into Vermilion county, Illinois, where he now\\nresides, and lived five or six j^ears; but, as the country was sickly, he\\nreturned to his large estate in Indiana, where he remained until 1878,\\nwhen he came again to Vermilion county, and resumed the improve-\\nment of the tract of eleven hundred and twenty acres which he has\\nowned many years. Mr. Christman has always been an extensive\\nfarmer and heavy stock-raiser. He has been a member of Williamsport", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0788.jp2"}, "789": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 681\\nLodge, No. 38, A.F. A.M., twenty years. He inclines to independ-\\nence in politics.\\nMilton Lee, Rossville, merchant, was born in Springfield, Clark\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 3d of March, 1837, and is the son of James and\\nMary (Williams) Lee. In 1844 he accompanied his parents on their\\nremoval toYance township, Vermilion county, Illinois, where he lived\\nuntil 1866, when he removed to Rossville, where he has been employed\\nthe past six years in merchandising. He enrolled in Captain Frazier s\\nCo. (C), 12th 111. Vol. Inf., in April, 1861, being the twelfth man\\nenlisted in Vermilion county. He was mustered out at Cairo about\\nthe 1st of August, by reason of the expiration of enlistment, which\\nwas for three months. In the same month he reenlisted in Co. I,\\n35th 111. Vols. The second lieutenant of his company having died,\\nMr. Lee was elected, at Sedalia, Missouri, by the enlisted men, to\\nthat vacancy, being promoted from third sergeant. He served in the\\nsiege of Corinth, and on Buell s retreat to Louisville, subsequently\\ntaking part in the battle of Perryville, shortly after which he was\\npromoted to first lieutenant. In November, 1862, a pioneer corps,\\nconsisting of two enlisted men from each company and one lieutenant\\nfrom each regiment, was organized and the several detachments from\\nthe 35th 111., 81st Ind., 4th Iowa and the 25th 111. constituting his\\nbrigade, were formed into Co. K, 2d Battalion, Pioneer Brigade, com-\\nmanded by Captain, afterward Brevet Brig.-Gen. Morton, and Lieut.\\nLee was given the command of this company, which he led in the\\nbattle of Stone River. He was sent back from Elk River to Nashville\\nto fit out the pontoon train, and was employed in the organization of\\nthe pontooniers, whom, with the train, he conducted across the Cum-\\nberland Mountains. He held a position at the mouth of Battle Creek\\nthroughout the intensive and critical period of affairs at Chickamauga.\\nThis pioneer corps was disbanded in June, 1864, and the men and\\nofficers returned to their regiments. Lieut. Lee rejoined the 35th in\\nfront of Kenesaw Mountain, where he fought on the 27th of June.\\nHe was mustered out with the regiment at Springfield, Illinois, on the\\n27th of September, 1864. He was married on the 7th of October,\\n1868, to Catharine Gundy. They have two children living: Herbert\\nand Catharine. Mr. Lee is a republican in politics.\\nAsa W. White, Alvin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Mus-\\nkingum county, Ohio, on the 12th of June, 1819, and is a son of John\\nand Mary (Davis) White. When he was twelve years old his parents\\nremoved to Licking county, where he lived till 1841, when he settled\\nin Ross county. In 1844 he came to Illinois and located in Vermilion\\ncounty, near the present site of State Line City. He has lived in this", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0789.jp2"}, "790": {"fulltext": "682 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncounty since. Mr. White was poor for many years after he came, and\\nlived by renting farms. At length, in 1860, he bought the first farm\\nhe ever owned in Illinois. By unremitting industry and careful man-\\nagement he has increased it to three hundred and twenty acres, worth\\n$6,500. He has ten children living: John W., born on the 1st of\\nMarch, 1846; James E. Tichsh; Delia A., born on the 6th of Sep-\\ntember, 1847; Martha, born on the 2d of June, 1854; Noah; George\\nH. Elizabeth; Sarah E., born on the 9th of April, 1863; Mary A.,\\nborn on the 19th of February, 1865. Mr. White is a citizen of sterling\\nintegrity, and is a republican in politics.\\nWilliam T. Fairchild, Rossville, farmer, was born in Blount town-\\nship, Vermilion county, on the 9th of November, 1847, and is the son\\nof Zenas and Mary Ann (Hastings) Fairchild. He was reared as a\\nfarmer, and has always lived in the county in which he was born. He\\nwas married on the 12th of February, 1874, to Dialemma Ann Moss,\\nwho was born on the 5th of October, 1850, and died on the 16th of\\nDecember, 1875. He was married again, on the 4th of October, 1877,\\nto Eleanor Busenbark, who was born on the 19th of May, 1855. Mr.\\nFairchild is the father of two children, one of whom is living: Lily\\nMay, who was born on the 10th of November, 1878. The name of\\nthe deceased is Charles Wesley, who was born on the 11th of June,\\n1875, and died on the 25th of September, 1875. Mr. Fairchild is a\\nrepublican, and he belongs to the United Brethren church.\\nElias Morse Gilbert, Rossville, liveryman, was born in Ross town-\\nship on the 13th of May, 1848, and is the son of James Harvey and\\nSarah (Mather) Gilbert. When obtaining his education he spent one\\nyear at Union Christian College, Merom, Indiana. In 1873 he started\\nin the livery business in Rossville, and now has a tine large establish-\\nment, well furnished with good horses and carriages, and everything in\\nthe line necessary for the dispatch of business or the promotion of\\npleasure. He was married on the 16th of June, 1875, to Belle Wier,\\nof Ontario, Canada, who was born on the 20th of December, 1852.\\nThey are the parents of two sons: Harvey, born on the 12th of De-\\ncember, 1876, and Robert A., born on the 29th of September, 1878.\\nHe is a republican in politics.\\nHenry W. Harris, Rossville, farmer, was born in Philadelphia,\\nPennsylvania, on the 6th of July, 1827. He is a son of Jesse and\\nLydia Ann (Warner) Harris. In 1841 his parents removed to Ross\\ncounty, Ohio, and lived there till 1848, when he settled in Ross town-\\nship, Vermilion county, Illinois, near the present site of Mann s\\nChapel, and removed from thence in 1853 to his present abode on the\\nnortheast quarter of section 15, town 22, range 11. He was married on", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0790.jp2"}, "791": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 683\\nthe 24th of November, 1853, to Nancy Clark, who died on the 24th\\nMay, 1864. He was married again, on the 22d of June, 1865, to Mary\\nE. Monev. He has been school treasurer of town 22, ran\u00c2\u00bbe 11, since\\n1875. He is the father of ten living children: Prescott, Mary Emma,\\nIsabella, Stanton, Olive, Salome, Lydia, Josephine, John and Minnie.\\nHe owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, worth $4,500. He is a\\nrepublican in politics.\\nJosiah Bivans, Alvin, tanner, was born in Franklin county, Ohio,\\non the 23d of December, 1832. He is a son of Thomas and Anna\\n(Gundy) Bivans. In the fall of 1849 he came to Illinois, and settled\\non the east fork of the Vermilion, in the present limits of Ross town-\\nship. He was married on the 23d of December, 1852, to Rebecca\\nGouty, who was born on the 29th of January, 1834. He was a hearty\\nsupporter of the war for the preservation of the Union, and subscribed\\nliberally to a fund for the hiring of substitutes. He has been highway\\ncommissioner twelve or fourteen years, and constable of Ross one\\nterm. He is the father of seven children Horatio T.. born on the\\n26th of August, 1853; Francis M., March 15, 1856; John M., June\\n12, 1858; Martha D., March 26, 1862; Robert T., June 10, 1867;\\ndied September 21, 1869; William J., December 18. 1869; Henry C,\\nJanuary 28, 1874. In politics he is a republican, and his religious\\nviews are Methodist.\\nCharles A. Allen, Rossville, attorney, was born in Danville, Illi-\\nnois, on the 26th of July, 1851, and is the son of William I. and Emily\\n(Newell) Allen. His mother was a daughter of Squire James Newell,\\nfor whom Newell township was named. Mr. Allen entered the law\\nschool of the Michigan University in September, 1872, and graduated\\non the 25th of March, 1874. tie immediately located in Rossville\\nwhere he now resides, and is practicing his profession with gratifying\\nsuccess. He is enterprising and public-spirited, and verifies the old\\nadage that blood will tell. He married, on the 4th of April, 1878,\\nto Miss Mary Thompson. In politics he is a republican, and his re-\\nligious views are Methodist.\\nAmaziah Davis, deceased, was born in what was then Morgan\\ncount} Virginia, on the 2d of August, 1807. He was a son of Jona-\\nthan and Margaret (Hill) Davis. He removed with his parents to\\nMuskingum county, Ohio, in 1812, where he grew up and spent his\\nlife farming till 1851, when he moved to Grant township, Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and settled on a farm near Rossville. He was married\\non [the 24th of April, 1832, to Emily Berry. He held the office of\\nroad cotnmissioner several years; was a republican in politics, liberal\\nin his views, and universally respected as a man and citizen. He was", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0791.jp2"}, "792": {"fulltext": "684 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na prominent and influential member of the United Brethren church\\nover thirty years. He owned one hundred and sixty acres of choice\\nfarming land. His death occurred on the 10th day of May, 1879.\\nTwo of his sons enlisted at the same time in Co. A, 125th 111. Vol.,\\nleaving home on the 1st of February, 1864. Their service was of brief\\nduration, both dying of measles, the elder, Charles, at Nashville, on\\nthe 1st of March following, and Elias at Chattanooga, on the 5th. Mrs.\\nDavis was born on the 2d of April, 1813, in Muskingum county, Ohio.\\nHer parents were James and Hannah (Williams) Berry.\\nWilliam D. Foulke, Rossville, retired farmer, was born in Bucks\\ncount} Pennsylvania, on the 5th of June, 1828, and is a son of Evard\\nand Fanny (Watson) Foulke. From the time he was seventeen years\\nold until he became of age he clerked in a dry-goods house in Philadel-\\nphia. In 1852 he came to Vermilion county, Illinois, and went into\\nthe stock business, buying up cattle and sheep and grazing them. He\\ndrove the first lot of cows and sheep ever taken from this section\\nto Lancaster county, Pennsylvania before this it was supposed to be\\nimpossible to drive sheep so far, but this experiment was entirely suc-\\ncessful. He had at the same time an interest in a mercantile house in\\nSouth Charleston, Clark county, Ohio. This business was swamped in\\n1855 by the potent influence of wild-cat money. Again in 1858 he\\ncame to Illinois and settled on a farm near Rossville, which he still\\nowns. He has conducted farming operations since that time, and in ad-\\ndition done a good deal of surveying. He surve} r ed most of the north\\npart of the county, and, besides, laid out Hoopeston, Rossville and\\nAlvan. He has been justice of the peace for Grant and Ross town-\\nships, collector, and at present commissioner of highways for the latter.\\nHe married on the 5th of April, 1854, to Alice Thomas. They have\\nfour living children: Susan J., Ellen, Jane and Lulu. Mr. Foulke has\\nbeen a member of the Society of Friends the past twenty-nine years.\\nHe is a republican, and owns one hundred and eighty acres, worth\\n$5,500.\\nLewis Coon, deceased, was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 5th\\nof December, 1822. He was the son of John and Sarah (Morehead)\\nCoon. His parents removed to Clinton county, Indiana, when he was\\nyoung, and he was reared there on a farm. He married on the 27th\\nof November, 1851, to Mary Albright. In the fall of 1853 he moved\\nwith his family to Illinois, and settled where his widow now lives in\\nRoss township, Vermilion county. Both he and Mrs. Coon became\\nmembers of the United Brethren church in 1860. He was a life-long\\ndemocrat, and was greatly esteemed for his strict integrity and neigh-\\nborly qualities. He died on the 13th of May, 1870, leaving one hun-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0792.jp2"}, "793": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 685\\ndred and sixty-seven acres of land to his heirs. The following were\\nhis children Sarah Eliza, Melissa Belle, Mary Jane, who died on the\\n29th of March, 1872, John D., Keturah Ann, Caroline, Alantson,\\nGeorge B. M., who died on the 5th of June, 1865, and Laura Ellen.\\nMrs. Coon was a daughter of David and Phebe (Newman) Albright.\\nHer father was a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother of New York.\\nThe former died on the 28th of September, 1851 and the latter on\\nthe 7th of June, 1852.\\nWilliam Chambers, Rossville, farmer, was born in Queen Anne\\ncounty, Maryland, on the 2Gth of February, 1826. He is a son of\\nMatthew B. and Letitia (Broadaway) Chambers. When very young\\nhis parents moved to Franklin county, Indiana, and lived there till he\\nwas twelve, when they went to Montgomery county. He enlisted in\\nthe early part of June, 1846, in Co. H, 1st Ind. Vols., Col. James P.\\nDrake. At New Orleans his company and another from Hendricks\\ncounty, Indiana, were embarked on board a sailing vessel for Point\\nIsabel, but on the passage she grounded w T hile under full sail. This\\noccurred two hours before daylight, and, when morning came, Padre\\nIsland was discovered half a mile off. Two sailors, taking a small\\nline, swam to land, and with this drew a rope ashore, by means of\\nwhich the wreck was delivered of the men and the cargo, ten days\\nbeing consumed in the removal of the latter. The vessel was burned.\\nThis regiment passed their term of service on the Rio Grande, guard-\\ning stores and doing other correspondingly irksome duty. It is said\\nthat a too ardent fondness for the flowing bowl in the commanding\\nofficer determined Gen. Taylor to keep them in the rear, and thus by\\nthe sins of one were many made to forfeit a share in the glories which\\nclustered around the national standard from Palo Alto to Buena Vista.\\nMr. Chambers was discharged at Point Isabel shortly before the year\\nfor which he had volunteered had expired. Fie shipped for home on a\\nrotten craft, and drifted about the gulf thirty days, with only eight\\ndays rations aboard. The suffering from hunger was great, but that\\nfrom thirst was exquisite. A Spanish merchantman heaving in sight,\\na flag of distress was hoisted, and provisions and water obtained. The\\nlast few days the men had subsisted on rotten oats. Eleven deaths\\noccurred before they arrived in port. Mi 1 Chambers was married on\\nthe 10th of August, 1848, to Lydia Phelps. He learned the carpenter\\ntrade, and divided his labors between that and farming till 1853, when\\nhe moved to Waynetown, Indiana, and sold goods two years; and in\\nApril, 1855, removed to Blue Grass Grove, Vermilion county, Illinois,\\nand in 1865 to Bean Creek, in Ross township, where he now lives. In\\n1861 and 1862 he was supervisor of Middle Fork township, which", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0793.jp2"}, "794": {"fulltext": "686 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthen embraced the town of Butler. He was collector of that town\\none term, and has been supervisor of Ross since the spring of 1878.\\nHe has a family of eight children Sarah Jane, wife of James D.\\nLeonard John B., Martha Melinda, wife of Frank Houchin Melissa\\nAnn, wife of Asa Allen Mary Frances, Elizabeth Alice, Richard,\\nCharlie (dead). Mr. Chambers owns seven hundred and seventy-eight\\nacres, worth $23,500. He is a conservative democrat, and has been a\\nmember of the Baptist church for twenty-two years.\\nWilliam T. Cunningham, Rossville, merchant, was born in Grant\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 1st of December, 1856,\\nand is the son of Humes and Elizabeth (Winning) Cunningham. Both\\nparents died when he was very young: his father departed this life on\\nthe 13th of February, 1859, his mother having previously gone to\\nher rest on the 1st of October, 1857. Mr. Cunningham was reared by\\nhis grandparents, Thomas R. and Elizabeth Winning, on their farm in\\nGrant township. In the fall of 1874, then sixteen years old, he began\\nfor himself by hiring as a clerk in the grocery store of John R. Smith,\\nEsq., of Rossville, where he remained eighteen months. He labored\\non a farm a year, then clerked in the hardware store of D. C. Deamude,\\nEsq., of Rossville, a year. Resuming farm life a short time again, on\\nthe 1st of October, 1878, he formed a copartnership with William S.\\nLefever in the mercantile business in Rossville. He is a democrat.\\nAlvan W. Gilbert, Rossville, farmer, was born in Ross township,\\nYermilion county, Illinois, on the 20th of May, 1856, and is the son of\\nAlvan and Nancy (Horr) Gilbert. He was bred a farmer. He was\\nmarried on the 18th of April, 1878, to Miss Meda Carson, who was\\nborn on the 21st of February, 1856, near Franklin, Johnson county,\\nIndiana, and reared in Indianapolis. He owns one hundred and ten\\nacres, worth $5,000. In politics he is a republican.\\nWilliam Biteler, Alvin, farmer, was born in Adams county, Penn-\\nsylvania, on the 9th of April, 1820, and is a son of Abraham and Eliza-\\nbeth (Overholser) Biteler. He became an orphan at the age of six or\\nseven years, and immigrated to Madison count} Indiana, in 1835,\\nwhere he labored seven consecutive years clearing land and log-rolling,\\ndoing no other kind of work. He was married on the 15th of April,\\n1841, to Mary Ray. In January, 1850, he settled in Warren county,\\nIndiana, and in March, 1857, removed to Ross township, Yermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, and located where he now lives. Mr. Biteler has\\nmade four farms in the course of his life two were cleared up in the\\nwoods and two were on prairie land. Has worked hard always; been\\nfrugal and careful in his business transactions, in which he has been\\nuniformly governed by the strictest principles of honesty. He had at", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0794.jp2"}, "795": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 687\\none time two hundred and twenty-live acres in Ross, but has divided\\nhis land among his children, retaining but eighty acres. His son,\\nJames Edward, was a member of Co. B, 125th 111. Vols. Soon after\\nthe battle of Perry ville, in which he bore a share, he was stricken down\\nwith measles, which ran into typhoid fever, and his life terminated at\\nBowling Green, Kentucky, on the 10th of December, 1862. There are\\nnow four living children Minerva; Amanda; Cornelius: and William\\nH. In politics he is a greenbacker. He belongs to the church of\\nGod popularly, soul sleepers.\\nWilliam Salmans, Alvin, farmer, was born near Zanesville, Musk-\\ningum county, Ohio, on the 29th of January, 1823, and is the son of\\nWilliam and Fanny (Wallace) Salmans. His father was born in Dela-\\nware county, Delaware, on the 5th of September, 1796, and his mother\\nwas a native born Irish woman. Mr. Salmans was bred a farmer.\\nWhen quite young his father settled in Guernsey county, Ohio, mov-\\ning from thence in April, 1839, to Jackson county. He was married\\non the loth of January, 1847, to Miss Prudence Phillips, daughter of\\nDaniel Phillips, a well-to-do farmer of Jackson county. He settled\\nthat spring on an eighty acre farm which he owned living there until\\nthe spring of 1851, farming in summer and teaching school in winter,\\nwhen he bought a small stock of dry goods and groceries and started a\\ncountry store. This venture not paying well, he went into partnership\\nwith his brother-in-law, Dr. Sylvester, in Marion, Ohio after eighteen\\nmonths he sold out to the doctor and dissolved the firm. About that\\ntime Mr. Salmans bought a large bankrupt stock, at Sandfork, Gallia\\ncounty, and moved to that point and spent the summer selling goods,\\nclosing out the entire concern to Dr. Sylvester in the fall. He next\\nbought out the dry goods firm of Frazee Co., in Hamden, Vinton\\ncounty remained in business there until the spring of 54, selling stock\\nof goods to W. H. Gleason, and his town property to Dr. Arnold. He\\nmoved into the country, traveled during the summer, and in the fall\\nresumed school teaching, which he followed three years without inter-\\nruption, at $100 per quarter; meantime buying and shaving notes on\\nthe Iron Furnace Company. In the spring of 1857 he moved to\\nCharleston, Coles county, Illinois, moving from thence to Sugar\\nGrove, Yermilion county, in the fall and to Ross township the next\\nspring, where he has since resided teaching the district school the\\nfollowing winter. His advantages for early education were very slight,\\nand he could only read and write indifferently at the age of twenty;\\nat that time he started to school, traveling two and a half miles, morn-\\ning and evening; took up the common branches, applying himself\\nwith energy and resolution night and day to his studies, going through", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0795.jp2"}, "796": {"fulltext": "688 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nin twenty-two days, and working every example in the hardest arith-\\nmetic then in use the Western Calculator. The next winter he\\nobtained his first certificate to teach. His first wife having died on the\\n8th of February, 1867, he married again on the 30th of September,\\n1869, to Emma Colvin. He is serving his third term as justice of the\\npeace of Ross township. Mr. Salmans was an abolitionist during the\\nearly agitation of the slavery question, and voted first for Henry Clay\\nin 1844. He is the father of seven living children Mark, Robert,\\nDaniel, Emma, George William, Sarah Jane, and Martha Jane. He\\nowns one hundred and sixty acres of land, worth $5,500. He is a\\nrepublican and a Methodist.\\nJohn M. Ross, Alvin, farmer, was born in Fleming county, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 19th of December, 1808, and is the son of Johnson and\\nJane (McMann) Ross. In 1823 his father moved to Warren county,\\nOhio. In 1831 the subject of this sketch left home and began the\\nstudy of dentistry, practicing until 1840, five years of the time being\\nspent in western Tennessee and northern Alabama. His health fail-\\ning, he returned to Indiana and went into the merchandising business\\nin Cambridge City, Wayne county. In 1847 he removed to Indian-\\napolis and engaged in his profession. At the end of five years he\\nre-located at Milton Mills, bought that property, running the mills and\\nfarming in the meantime, until 1858, when he emigrated to Ross\\ntownship, where he now resides. He was married on the 27th of De-\\ncember, 1840, to Ellen H. Hannah. His eldest son, Edward H., en-\\nlisted in Co. B, 125th 111. Vols., but was stricken early with sickness,\\nand died at Jefferson City, Missouri, on the 8th of September, 1861.\\nWhen Mr. Ross settled in Vermilion county he purchased six hundred\\nand forty acres of prairie land, and subsequently seventy acres of tim-\\nber; but having sold and given some to his children, has reduced his\\nhomestead to three hundred and ten acres, valued at $9,000. He was\\nan old line whig, and cast his first vote for president for gallant Harry\\nClay, in 1832. In 1836, when a resident of Tennessee, he voted for\\nDavy Crockett for congress. He is the father of four living children\\nSarah Eliza, John N., Charles N. and Henry H. His religious opinions\\nare Methodist.\\nJohn Ross, Rossville, farmer, was born in Brown county, Ohio, on\\nthe 22d of December, 1808. He is a son of Lazarus and Lydia\\n(Prickett) Ross. He lived in his native place, farming, and for some\\ntime running a steam grist-mill, until 1859, when he removed to\\nIllinois, and settled on a farm six miles east of Rossville, Vermilion\\ncounty. His two sons, Isaac F. and Nelson E., enlisted, on the 12th\\nof August, 1862, in Co. B, 125th 111. Vols. They bore an honorable", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0796.jp2"}, "797": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 689\\npart in the battles of Perryville, Cliickamauga, Mission Ridge, Kene-\\nsaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Jonesborongh marched with\\nSherman to the sea thence on the longer and more difficult campaign\\nthrough the Carolinas, fighting their last battle at Bentonville, North\\nCarolina. They marched north at the close of the war through Rich-\\nmond, Virginia, to Washington City, closing their active military life\\nin that grandest of pageants the review of Sherman s army, on the\\n25th of May, 1865. The company disbanded at Chicago, Illinois, on\\nthe 27th of June, 1865. In 1872 the subject of this sketch moved into\\nRossville, where he has since lived, retired, enjoying a hale old age as\\nthe fruit of a well-spent, industrious life. He was married on the 16th\\nof September, 1830, to Hannah W. Fergnerson, who was born on the\\n9th of May, 1810. They have seven living children: William t A.,\\nIsaac T., Samantha E., wife of Peter Reitz, Nelson E., Arminda J.,\\nwife of John W. Calton; Mary A., wife of Daniel Romine; Orange\\nL. The eldest daughter, Virginia A., was born on the 22d of March,\\n1838, married Erastus Reed, and died on the 21st of March, 1859,\\nleaving an only daughter, Sarah Luella, five months old. The father\\ndied in 1864, and the grandparents reared Miss Ella, who lives with\\nthem and imparts the sunshine and freshness of young womanhood to\\ntheir home. Mr. Ross is a republican was an original abolitionist\\nand under-ground railroader, and takes profound satisfaction in know-\\ning that he has kindled the fires of everlasting gratitude in many a\\nnegro soul by helping him on his pursuit of freedom. Both he and his\\nwife have enjoyed an experimental knowledge of religion for forty-six\\nyears. They are members of the United Brethren church.\\nPhilip Cadle, Rossville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Bed-\\nfordshire, England, on the 22d of February, 1849. He is the son of\\nGeorge and Elizabeth (Saunders) Cadle. He came with his parents to\\nAmerica in the summer of 1853, and settled in Attica, Indiana; lived\\nthere four years, then moved to Iroquois county, Illinois, and located\\nsouth of Milford, where he remained two years, and in 1859 came into\\nVermilion county, since which time he has lived in different parts of\\nthe northern half of the county. In 1870 he left home and began life\\non his own account. He was married on the 30th of May, 1871, to\\nEmma Weaden, who died on the 23d of October, 1872. He married\\nagain on the 27th of October, 1875, to America Seymour, who was\\nborn on the 9th of October, 1851. He owns a fine farm of three hun-\\ndred and eighty-one acres, valued at $13,000, situated two and one-half\\nmiles southeast of Rossville. Stock-raising comprises a large part of\\nhis business. Mr. Cadle traveled one season in California with an\\ninvalid sister, who died there. He is the father of three children\\n44", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0797.jp2"}, "798": {"fulltext": "692 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 23d of August, 1827. He is a son of Samuel\\nand Eleanor (Bishop) Hannah. His father for over forty years exer-\\ncised a wide-felt influence, iirst in political offices, and next in com-\\nmercial stations, and was distinguished for his enterprise and able ser-\\nvices in the internal development of his state. He was sheriff, clerk,\\nand a member of the board of justices of Wayne county, Indiana;\\npostmaster at Centerville under John Quincy Adams, and one of the\\nthree commissioners appointed by the legislature to locate the Michi-\\ngan road from the Ohio river to the lake, and to select the lands se-\\ncured to the state by a treaty with the Indians, made on the upper\\nWabash in 1826. He was twice elected a member of the state legis-\\nlature. In 1846 he was chosen by that body treasurer of state, and\\nserved three years. He was the chief promoter of, and leading spirit\\nin, the construction of the Indiana Central Railway, and was the first\\npresident of the road. Later, he became treasurer of the Indianapolis\\nBellefontaine Railroad Company. In May, 1852, he accepted the\\noffice of treasurer of the Indiana Central, and held it until 1864, when\\nhe retired from active life. At different times during his incumbency\\nof this office he was also secretary for the same company. He died on\\nthe 8th of September, 1869, aged nearly eighty years. The subject of\\nthis sketch passed his early life in farming and in clerking in a *store\\nbelonging to his father. He studied law with John S. Newman, a\\nbrother-in-law, afterward prominent in business and political circles,\\nand Oliver P. Morton, who were law-partners. At the age of twenty\\nhe was admitted to practice, undergoing examination by George W.\\nJulian, George H. Whitman and Oliver P. Morton, and receiving his\\nlicense from Hon. Jehu T. Elliott, afterward chief justice of the Su-\\npreme Court of Indiana. Soon after he formed a law partnership\\nwith Hon. John S. Newman, which was continued until the fall of\\n1849, when he accepted the position of deputy United States marshal\\nunder Gen. Sol. Meredith, discharging the duties of the same till\\nNovember, 1850. On the 20th of that month he was united in mar-\\nriage with Miss Margaret A. Dunham. The winter of 1850-1 he spent\\nin Iowa, seeking a location for the practice of his profession, but not\\nfinding one suited to his desires, he returned to Indianapolis in the\\nspring, and engaged in railroad business on the Indiana Central: first\\nas a clerk, then passenger conductor, next receiver of funds, and\\nfinally, general ticket agent. These various positions he occupied\\nfrom 1853 to 1856. In the former year he was engaged by the city\\ncouncil of Indianapolis to re-duplicate the tax-list of that city, the\\noriginal being so full of errors as to be worthless a piece of work\\nwhich he executed with accuracy and dispatch, to the entire satisfac-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0798.jp2"}, "799": {"fulltext": "BOSS TOWNSHIP. 689\\npart in the battles of Perry ville, Ohickamauga, Mission Ridge, Kene-\\nsaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Jonesborough marched with\\nSherman to the sea thence on the longer and more difficult campaign\\nthrough the Carolinas, fighting their last battle at Bentonville, North\\nCarolina. They marched north at the close of the war through Rich-\\nmond, Virginia, to Washington City, closing their active military life\\nin that grandest of pageants the review of Sherman s army, on the\\n25th of Maj 1865. The company disbanded at Chicago, Illinois, on\\nthe 27th of June, 1865. In 1872 the subject of this sketch moved into\\nRossville, where he has since lived, retired, enjoying a hale old age as\\nthe fruit of a well-spent, industrious life. He was married on the 16th\\nof September, 1830, to Hannah W. Ferguerson, who was born on the\\n9th of May, 1810. They have seven living children William A.,\\nIsaac T., Samantha E., wife of Peter Reitz, Nelson E., Arminda J.,\\nwife of John W. Calton Mary A., wife of Daniel Romine Orange\\nL. The eldest daughter, Virginia A., was born on the 22d of March,\\n1838, married Erastus Reed, and died on the 21st of March, 1859,\\nleaving an only daughter, Sarah Luella, five months old. The father\\ndied in 1864, and the grandparents reared Miss Ella, who lives with\\nthem and imparts the sunshine and freshness of young womanhood to\\ntheir home. Mr. Ross is a republican was an original abolitionist\\nand under-ground railroader, and takes profound satisfaction in know-\\ning that he has kindledj the fires of everlasting gratitude in many a\\nnegro soul by helping him on his pursuit of freedom. Both he and his\\nwife have enjoyed an experimental knowledge of religion for forty-six\\nyears. They are members of the United Brethren church.\\nPhilip Cadle, Rossville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Bed-\\nfordshire, England, on the 22d of February, 1849. He is the son of\\nGeorge and Elizabeth (Saunders) Cadle. He came with his parents to\\nAmerica in the summer of 1853, and settled in Attica, Indiana; lived\\nthere four years, then moved to Iroquois county, Illinois, and located\\nsouth of Milford, where he remained two years, and in 1859 came into\\nVermilion county, since which time he has lived in different parts of\\nthe northern half of the county. In 1870 he left home and began life\\non his own account. He was married on the 30th of May. 1871, to\\nEmma Weaden, who died on the 23d of October, 1872. He married\\nagain on the 27th of October, 1875, to America Seymour, who was\\nborn on the 9th of October, 1851. He owns a fine farm of three hun-\\ndred and eighty-one acres, valued at $13,000, situated two and one-half\\nmiles southeast of Rossville. Stock-raising comprises a large part of\\nhis business. Mr. Cadle traveled one season in California with an\\ninvalid sister, who died there. He is the father of three children\\n44", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0799.jp2"}, "800": {"fulltext": "692 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 23d of August, 1827. He is a son of Samuel\\nand Eleanor (Bishop) Hannah. His father for over forty years exer-\\ncised a wide-felt influence, first in political offices, and next in com-\\nmercial stations, and was distinguished for his enterprise and able ser-\\nvices in the internal development of his state. He was sheriff, clerk,\\nand a member of the board of justices of Wayne county, Indiana\\npostmaster at Centerville under John Quincy Adams, and one of the\\nthree commissioners appointed by the legislature to locate the Michi-\\ngan road from the Ohio river to the lake, and to select the lands se-\\ncured to the state by a treaty with the Indians, made on the upper\\nWabash in 1826. He was twice elected a member of the state legis-\\nlature. In 1846 he was chosen by that body treasurer of state, and\\nserved three years. He was the chief promoter of, and leading spirit\\nin, the construction of the Indiana Central Railway, and was the first\\npresident of the road. Later, he became treasurer of the Indianapolis\\nBellefontaine Railroad Company. In May, 1852, he accepted the\\noffice of treasurer of the Indiana Central, and held it until 1864, when\\nhe retired from active life. At different times during his incumbency\\nof this office he was also secretary for the same company. He died on\\nthe 8th of September, 1869, aged nearly eighty years. The subject of\\nthis sketch passed his early life in farming and in clerking in a store\\nbelonging to his father. He studied law with John S. Newman, a\\nbrother-in-law, afterward prominent in business and political circles,\\nand Oliver P. Morton, who were law-partners. At the age of twenty\\nhe was admitted to practice, undergoing examination by George W.\\nJulian, George H. Whitman and Oliver P. Morton, and receiving his\\nlicense from Hon. Jehu T. Elliott, afterward chief justice of the Su-\\npreme Court of Indiana. Soon after he formed a law partnership\\nwith Hon. John S. Newman, which was continued until the fall of\\n1849, when he accepted the position of deputy United States marshal\\nunder Gen. Sol. Meredith, discharging the duties of the same till\\nNovember, 1S50. On the 20th of that month he was united in mar-\\nriage with Miss Margaret A. Dunham. The winter of 1850-1 he spent\\nin Iowa, seeking a location for the practice of his profession, but not\\nfinding one suited to his desires, he returned to Indianapolis in the\\nspring, and engaged in railroad business on the Indiana Central: first\\nas a clerk, then passenger conductor, next receiver of funds, and\\nfinally, general ticket agent. These various positions he occupied\\nfrom 1853 to 1856. In the former year he was engaged by the city\\ncouncil of Indianapolis to re-duplicate the tax-list of that city, the\\noriginal being so full of errors as to be worthless a piece of work\\nwhich he executed with accuracy and dispatch, to the entire satisfac-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0800.jp2"}, "801": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 693\\ntion of the council and the tax-payers. In 1856 he opened a grocery\\nstore in Davenport, Iowa, and the next year removed to Blue Earth\\ncounty, Minnesota, where he preempted one hundred and sixty acres\\nof land, migrating from thence in the fall of 1858 to Linn county,\\nKansas. Here he was elected to the office of county assessor, and\\nserved one term. In the winter of 1860-1, succeeding the well-known\\ndrouth of the previous summer, lie went to Kansas City, Missouri, to\\nwinter his family, intendiug to return in the spring; but the war broke\\nout, and he moved back to Illinois, and located in Ross township, Ver-\\nmilion county, buying a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, in\\nFebruary, 1863, on which he has since resided. His wife died that\\nyear, and he was again married, on the 13th of December, 1866, to\\nMrs. Isabel Warren, formerly Miss Isabel Kent, daughter of Perrin\\nKent, of Warren county, Indiana. He has ten living children, all of\\nwhom are either at home or settled in Vermilion county, except his\\neldest son, Richard H., who is married, and living in Phillips county,\\nKansas. This son is a graduate of the Illinois Industrial University,\\nand was at one time florist of the institution. Mr. Hannah is an inde-\\npendent republican a man of large views, good information, and live\\nbusiness talent. He owns three hundred and twenty acres of land,\\nworth $11,500.\\nWilliam W. Phillips, Rossville, lumber dealer, was born in Licking\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 4th of July, 1837, and is the son of John and\\nMatilda (Pumphrey) Phillips. He removed with his parents in 1842\\nto Van Buren county, Iowa. His early life was passed in cultivating\\nthe soil. He enrolled, on the 28th of August, 1861, in a militia regi-\\nment, known as the Northeast Missouri Regiment of Home Guards\\n(Col. Moore), and served the full term of enlistment three months.\\nHe enlisted again on the 13th of August, 1862, in Co. F, 19th Iowa\\nInf., and was discharged on the 28th of December, 1862, on account of\\ndisability. He came the next February to Danville, Illinois, but was\\nunsettled until 1867, being engaged in the meantime in carpentering\\nand traveling from place to place. In June, 1867, he became employed\\nas salesman in A. Leonard s lumber office, Danville. On the 29th of\\nJanuary, 1871, he was married to Florence Frazier, youngest daughter\\nof Samuel Frazier of Danville. In August, 1871, he removed to Ross-\\nville and opened the lumber and coal trade, in which he is at present\\nengaged. Mr. Phillips has been village trustee four years. He is the\\nfather of two children Edward, born on the 18th of October, 1873\\nAlice, born on the 28th of September, 1876. He has been a member\\nof the Methodist church upward of twenty years. He is a republican\\nin politics.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0801.jp2"}, "802": {"fulltext": "696 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMr. Demaree was village trustee from May, 1875, to May, 1876, and is\\nnow police magistrate of the town. He is the father of live living chil-\\ndren Omar I., Mary U., Nancylena, Bertha L. and Maggie W. He is\\na member of the Presbyterian church, in which he has been a ruling\\nelder since 1874. In politics he is a republican.\\nFrancis D. Tomlinson, Rossville, farmer, was born in Warren coun-\\nty, Indiana, near Marshfield, on the 25th of March, 1842, and is a son\\nof Jesse and Mary (McFarland) Tomlinson. In 1853 his parents died,\\nleaving him an orphan. He lived with his brother-in-law, Enoch Wat-\\nkins, by whom he was raised, until of age. Afterward he attended the\\nWabash College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, nearly two years then\\nwent to work on a farm of four hundred and forty acres of wild land\\nwhich had descended to him from his father s estate. This is situated\\nin sections 14, 19, 22, 23 and 24, town 22, range 11. He owns twenty-\\nnine acres near Marshfield, Indiana. He has added by purchase till\\nnow his landed property amounts to five hundred and thirty-one acres,\\nvalued at $16,000. He was married on the 12th of November, 1872,\\nto Matilda C. Young, daughter of Chas. S. Young, an old and wealthy\\nsettler of Vermilion county. Mr. Tomlinson is the father of the fol-\\nlowing children Mary Jessie, who died on the 10th of September,\\n1874; Walter D., who died on the 25th of July, 1876, and Elizabeth\\nFrances. He is a member of the republican party, and his wife of the\\nM. E. church.\\nHarry Shannon, Rossville, postmaster and notary, was born in\\nShelby county, Kentucky, on the 23d of April, 1841, and is the son of\\nHugh and Catharine (Harrod) Shannon. He was bred to agricultural\\npursuits. He enlisted, on the 4th of September, 1861, in Co. H, 34th\\nInd. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service of the United States\\non the 21st of the same month. The following are the conspicuous\\nevents in his military career: Operations at Island No. 10, battles of\\nNew Madrid, Fort Gibson, and Baker s Creek or Champion Hills, and\\nthe siege of Yicksburg. He reenlisted on the 14th of December, 1863,\\nwhen his regiment veteraned. On the 13th of May, 18*65, before\\nnews of the termination of the war had reached that distant quarter,\\nhe, with three or four hundred of his command, fell into a small en-\\ngagement on the Rio Grande, and on the old Palo Alto battle-ground.\\nEighty of them, himself with the number, were captured and held as\\nprisoners of war eight days, when they were released on parole. He\\nfilled all the non-commissioned offices in his company, and on the 1st\\nof August, 1865, was commissioned first lieutenant. He was mustered\\nout on the 3d of February, 1866. Immediately on quitting the army\\nhe attended two terms at the Kokoniu Normal School, and after that", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0802.jp2"}, "803": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 693\\ntion of the council and the tax-payers. In 1856 he opened a grocery\\nstore in Davenport, Iowa, and the next year removed to Blue Earth\\ncounty, Minnesota, where he preempted one hundred and sixty acres\\nof land, migrating from thence in the fall of 1858 to Linn county,\\nKansas. Here he was elected to the office of county assessor, and\\nserved one term. In the winter of 1860-1, succeeding the well-known\\ndrouth of the previous summer, he went to Kansas City, Missouri, to\\nwinter his family, intending to return in the spring; but the war broke\\nout, and he moved back to Illinois, and located in Ross township, Ver-\\nmilion county, buying a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, in\\nFebruary, 1863, on which he has since resided. His wife died that\\nyear, and he was again married, on the 13th of December, 1866, to\\nMrs. Isabel Warren, formerly Miss Isabel Kent, daughter of Perrin\\nKent, of Warren county, Indiana. He has ten living children, all of\\nwhom are either at home or settled in Vermilion county, except his\\neldest son, Richard H., who is married, and living in Phillips county,\\nKansas. This son is a graduate of the Illinois Industrial University,\\nand was at one time florist of the institution. Mr. Hannah is an inde-\\npendent republican a man of large views, good information, and live\\nbusiness talent. He owns three hundred and twenty acres of land,\\nworth $11,500.\\nWilliam W. Phillips, Rossville, lumber dealer, was born in Licking\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 4th of July, 1837, and is the son of John and\\nMatilda (Pumphrey) Phillips. He removed with his parents in 1842\\nto Van Buren county, Iowa. His early life was passed in cultivating\\nthe soil. He enrolled, on the 28th of August, 1861, in a militia regi-\\nment, known as the Northeast Missouri Regiment of Home Guards\\n(Col. Moore), and served the full term of enlistment three months.\\nHe enlisted again on the 13th of August, 1862, in Co. F, 19th Iowa\\nInf., and was discharged on the 28th of December, 1862, on account of\\ndisability. He came the next February to Danville, Illinois, but was\\nunsettled until 1867, being engaged in the meantime in carpentering\\nand traveling from place to place. In June, 1867, he became employed\\nas salesman in A. Leonard s lumber office, Danville. On the 29th of\\nJanuary, 1871, he was married to Florence Frazier, youngest daughter\\nof Samuel Frazier of Danville. In August, 1871, he removed to Ross-\\nville and opened the lumber and coal trade, in which he is at present\\nengaged. Mr. Phillips has been village trustee four years. He is the\\nfather of two children Edward, born on the 18th of October, 1873\\nAlice, born on the 28th of September, 1876. He has been a member\\nof the Methodist church upward of twenty years. He is a republican\\nin politics.", "height": "3430", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0803.jp2"}, "804": {"fulltext": "696 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMr. Deinaree was village trustee from May, 1875, to May, 1876, and is\\nnow police magistrate of the town. He is the father of five living chil-\\ndren Omar 1., Mary XL, Nancylena, Bertha L. and Maggie W. He is\\na member of the Presbyterian church, in which he has been a ruling\\nelder since 1874. In politics he is a republican.\\nFrancis D. Tomlinson, Rossville, farmer, was born in Warren coun-\\nty, Indiana, near Marshfield, on the 25th of March, 1842, and is a son\\nof Jesse and Mary (McFarland) Tomlinson. In 1853 his parents died,\\nleaving him an orphan. He lived with his brother-in-law, Enoch Wat-\\nkins, by whom he was raised, until of age. Afterward he attended the\\nWabash College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, nearly two years; then\\nwent to work on a farm of four hundred and forty acres of wild land\\nwhich had descended to him from his father s estate. This is situated\\nin sections 14, 19, 22, 23 and 24, town 22, range 11. He owns twenty-\\nnine acres near Marshfield, Indiana. He has added by purchase till\\nnow his landed property amounts to five hundred and thirty-one acres,\\nvalued at $16,000. He was married on the 12th of November, 1872,\\nto Matilda C. Young, daughter of Chas. S. Young, an old and wealthy\\nsettler of Vermilion county. Mr. Tomlinson is the father of the fol-\\nlowing children Mary Jessie, who died on the 10th of September,\\n1874; Walter D., who died on the 25th of July, 1876, and Elizabeth\\nFrances. He is a member of the republican party, and his wife of the\\nM. E. church.\\nHarry Shannon, Rossville, postmaster and notary, was born in\\nShelby count}^, Kentucky, on the 23d of April, 1841, and is the son of\\nHugh and Catharine (Harrod) Shannon. He was bred to agricultural\\npursuits. He enlisted, on the 4th of September, 1861, in Co. H, 34th\\nInd. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service of the United States\\non the 21st of the same month. The following are the conspicuous\\nevents in his military career Operations at Island No. 10, battles of\\nNew Madrid, Fort Gibson, and Baker s Creek or Champion Hills, and\\nthe siege of Vicksburg. He reenlisted on the 14th of December, 1863,\\nwhen his regiment veteraned. On the 13th of May, 1865, before\\nnews of the termination of the war had reached that distant quarter,\\nhe, with three or four hundred of his command, fell into a small en-\\ngagement on the Rio Grande, and on the old Palo Alto battle-ground.\\nEighty of them, himself with the number, were captured and held as\\nprisoners of war eight days, when they were released on parole. He\\nfilled all the non-commissioned offices in his company, and on the 1st\\nof August, 1865, was commissioned first lieutenant. He was mustered\\nout on the 3d of February, 1866. Immediately on quitting the army\\nhe attended two terms at the Kokomo Normal School, and after that", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0804.jp2"}, "805": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 697\\ntaught for several years during the winter season. He was married on\\nthe 10th of October, 1872, to Mary A. Jones, daughter of John P.\\nJones, one of the earliest settlers of Vermilion county, Illinois. He\\nsettled in Koss township in 1872, and has been postmaster at Rossville\\nsince January, 1879 and was connected with the office as an assistant\\nfor three years prior to that time. He is the father of one child\\nFrank Curtis, born on the 29th of June, 1877. He is a republican, and\\na member of the Christian church.\\nEmil H. Langhans, Rossville, merchant, was born in Aurich King\\ndom of Hanover, Germany, on the 9th of April, 1836, and is the son\\nof John and Louisa (Clemens) Langhans. He was instructed in the\\nregular schools of the country, and was four years under the private\\ntutorship of the Rev. Hulcher. At seventeen he came from the\\nFatherland, and settled at Canton, Ohio, where he was employed by\\nhis uncle in a store four years. He went to Wooster, Ohio, and en-\\ngaged in business for himself four or five years then traveled in Mid-\\nTennessee, looking for a business location but signs of the war\\nappearing, he returned north, and went into business in Lafayette,\\nIndiana, part of the time as principal, part of the time as employe.\\nIn 1862 he employed a substitute for the nine-months service, paying\\nhim one hundred dollars. He served in Co. K of an Indiana militia\\nregiment six weeks, in pursuit of John Morgan. He recruited in Co.\\nK, 50th Ind. Vols. one-year men, and was commissioned captain.\\nHe served in Virginia, chiefly in the Shenandoah, participating in some\\nskirmishes. After the war Mr. Langhans resumed his former occupa-\\ntion, a portion of the time as commercial traveler in the wholesale dry-\\ngoods business. In 1873 he settled in Rossville, this county, where he\\nhas continued in mercantile pursuits. He was married to Elizabeth\\nBlack in January, 1855. He is the father of three living children\\nEmil D., Doretta and Edward G. He is an independent in politics,\\nand a Methodist.\\nRitchie A. S. Williams, Rossville, music teacher, was born in what\\nwas then Greenbrier county, Virginia, on the 18th of May, 1824, and\\nis the son of Richard and Thankful (Morrison) Williams. He was\\neducated at Winchester, Virginia, and afterward took a full course of\\nmusic at the Friendship Musical Academy, New York. He followed\\nthe profession of school-teaching eight or ten years at first, but after\\nthat devoted his time principally to instruction in music. In 1816 he\\nleft Virginia and settled at Lafayette, Indiana. He lived there a few\\nyears, and removed to Delphi, where he married Miss Sarah A. Reed,\\non the 13th of January, 1850. In 1862 he removed to Brookeston,\\nresiding there till 1873, when he located at Rossville,Vermilion county,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0805.jp2"}, "806": {"fulltext": "700 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ngraduated on the 22d day of February, 1878. He received from the\\nmedical college of Indiana, on the 28th of February, 1879, an ad\\neundem degree. In December, 1863, he settled at Paola, Miami county,\\nKansas; lived there twelve years and removed to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and settled at Gilbert, and afterward at Alvin, on the removal\\nof the former place. He was married on the 22d of March, 1860, to\\nMaggie M. Steele. He was a charter member of the Miami Count v\\nKansas Medical Society, which was organized in 1868, and is a member\\nof the North Vermilion and of the Vermilion County Medical Societies.\\nHe has contributed to the following medical journals: Cincinnati\\nRepertory, Lancet and Observer, of Cincinnati, and the Ameri-\\ncan Practitioner of Louisville and Indianapolis. Mr. Akers has been\\na reporter for country papers where he has lived the past twelve or\\nthirteen years. His pen has been employed in literaiy ventures through\\nthe press at different times. He is at present correspondent of the\\nDanville Commercial. He has been a member of the Presbyterian\\nchurch for twenty years. In politics Mr. Akers is a republican.\\nJoseph S. Christman, Rossville, farmer, was born on the 30th of\\nJanuary, 1854, in Warren county, Indiana. He is the son of Isaac and\\nElizabeth (Gundy) Christman. He was reared a farmer. In Decem-\\nber, 1871, he entered Bryant Stratton s Commercial College, Indi-\\nanapolis, and graduated in May, 1872. In the fall he began clerking\\nin a dry-goods store in Attica, and early in the following year went to\\nIndianapolis and engaged in merchandising until the fall of 1875, when\\nhe came to Rossville and took a position behind the counter in the\\nestablishment of W. J. Henderson Co., retaining the same until the\\nspring of 1878.\\nGeorge W. Salmans, Rossville, attorney, was born in Vinton county,\\nOhio, on the 9th of January, 1849, and is the son of George and Re-\\nbecca (Hudson) Salmans. He was a student at Evans Union College,\\nState Line City, for fifteen months. He taught district school half the\\ntime for ten years just sixty months. In the fall of 1871 he entered\\nthe law department of the Michigan University, attending lectures one\\nterm. From this time till the fall of 1875 he worked on a farm, taught\\nschool and read law privately, when he returned to the university, fin-\\nished his course, and graduated on the 29th of March, 1876. He estab-\\nlished himself at once at Rossville, where he is successfully practicing\\nhis profession. He was married on the 12th of October, 1876, to Ra-\\nchel Alison, daughter of Mark M. Alison. He is the father of one\\nchild Edwin, born on the 7th of May, 1878. He is an independent\\nin politics and in religion.\\nJames A. Williams, Alvin, hardware and lumber dealer, was born", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0806.jp2"}, "807": {"fulltext": "ROSS TOWNSHIP. 697\\ntaught for several years during the winter season. He was married on\\nthe 10th of October, 1872, to Mary A. Jones, daughter of John P.\\nJones, one of the earliest settlers of Vermilion county, Illinois. He\\nsettled in Ross township in 1872, and has been postmaster at Rossville\\nsince January, 1879 and was connected with the office as an assistant\\nfor three years prior to that time. He is the father of one child\\nFrank Curtis, born on the 29th of June, 1877. He is a republican, and\\na member of the Christian church.\\nEmil H. Langhans, Rossville, merchant, was born in An rich King\\ndom of Hanover, Germany, on the 9th of April, 1836, and is the son\\nof John and Louisa (Clemens) Langhans. He was instructed in the\\nregular schools of the country, and was four years under the private\\ntutorship of the Rev. Hulcher. At seventeen he came from the\\nFatherland, and settled at Canton, Ohio, where he was employed by\\nhis uncle in a store four years. He went to Wooster, Ohio, and en-\\ngaged in business for himself four or five years then traveled in Mid-\\nTennessee, looking for a business location but signs of the war\\nappearing, he returned north, and went into business in Lafayette,\\nIndiana, part of the time as principal, part of the time as employe.\\nIn 1862 he employed a substitute for the nine-months service, paying\\nhim one hundred dollars. He served in Co. K of an Indiana militia\\nregiment six weeks, in pursuit of John Morgan. He recruited in Co.\\nK, 50th Ind. Yols. one-year men, and was commissioned captain.\\nHe served in Virginia, chiefly in the Shenandoah, participating in some\\nskirmishes. After the war Mr. Langhans resumed his former occupa-\\ntion, a portion of the time as commercial traveler in the wholesale dry-\\ngoods business. In 1873 he settled in Rossville, this county, where he\\nhas continued in mercantile pursuits. He was married to Elizabeth\\nBlack in January, 1855. He is the father of three living children\\nEmil D., Doretta and Edward G. He is an independent in politics,\\nand a Methodist.\\nRitchie A. S. Williams, Rossville, music teacher, was born in what\\nwas then Greenbrier county, Virginia, on the 18th of May, 1824, and\\nis the son of Richard and Thankful (Morrison) Williams. He was\\nedncated at Winchester, Virginia, and afterward took a full course of\\nmusic at the Friendship Musical Academy, New York. He followed\\nthe profession of school-teaching eight or ten years at first, but after\\nthat devoted his time principally to instruction in music. In 1846 he\\nleft Virginia and settled at Lafayette, Indiana. He lived there a few\\nyears, and removed to Delphi, where he married Miss Sarah A. Reed,\\non the 13th of January, 1850. In 1862 he removed to Brookeston,\\nresiding there till 1873, when he located at Rossville, Vermilion county,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0807.jp2"}, "808": {"fulltext": "700 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ngraduated on the 22d day of February, 1878. He received from the\\nmedical college of Indiana, on the 28th of February, 1879, an ad\\neundem degree. In December, 1863, he settled at Paola, Miami county,\\nKansas; lived there twelve years and removed to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, and settled at Gilbert, and afterward at Alvin, on the removal\\nof the former place. He was married on the 22d of March, 1860, to\\nMaggie M. Steele. He was a charter member of the Miami Count}\\nKansas Medical Society, which was organized in 1868, and is a member\\nof the North Vermilion and of the Vermilion County Medical Societies.\\nHe has contributed to the following medical journals: Cincinnati\\nRepertory, Lancet and Observer, of Cincinnati, and the Ameri-\\ncan Practitioner of Louisville and Indianapolis. Mr. Akers has been\\na reporter for country papers where he has lived the past twelve or\\nthirteen years. His pen has been employed in literary ventures through\\nthe press at different times. He is at present correspondent of the\\nDanville Commercial. He has been a member of the Presb} 7 terian\\nchurch for twenty years. In politics Mr. Akers is a republican.\\nJoseph S. Christman, Rossville, farmer, was born on the 30th of\\nJanuary, 1854, in Warren county, Indiana. He is the son of Isaac and\\nElizabeth (Gundy) Christman. He was reared a farmer. In Decem-\\nber, 1871, he entered Bryant Stratton s Commercial College, Indi-\\nanapolis, and graduated in May, 1872. In the fall he began clerking\\nin a dry-goods store in Attica, and early in the following year went to\\nIndianapolis and engaged in merchandising until the fall of 1875, when\\nhe came to Rossville and took a position behind the counter in the\\nestablishment of W. J. Henderson Co., retaining ^the same until the\\nspring of 1878.\\nGeorge W. Salmans, Rossville, attorney, was born in Vinton county,\\nOhio, on the 9th of January, 1849, and is the son of George and Re-\\nbecca (Hudson) Salmans. He was a student at Evans Union College,\\nState Line City, for fifteen months. He taught district school half the\\ntime for ten years just sixty months. In the fall of 1871 he entered\\nthe law department of the Michigan University, attending lectures one\\nterm. From this time till the fall of 1875 he worked on a farm, taught\\nschool and read law private]} 7 when he returned to the university, fin-\\nished his course, and graduated on the 29th of March, 1876. He estab-\\nlished himself at once at Rossville, where he is successfully practicing\\nhis profession. He was married on the 12th of October, 1876, to Ra-\\nchel Alison, daughter of Mark M. Alison. He is the father of one\\nchild: Edwin, born on the 7th of May, 1878. He is an independent\\nin politics and in religion.\\nJames A. Williams, Alvin, hardware and lumber dealer, was born", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0808.jp2"}, "809": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 701\\nin La Fayette, Indiana, on the 8th of November, 1845, and is a son of\\nHarrison and Hannah (Gish) Williams. He was bred to farming, and\\nlived near Pond Grove, in Warren county, Indiana, until 1873, when\\nhe began traveling for the benefit of his health, meantime studying\\nmedicine, and graduating at the Hygieo-Therapeutic College, at Flor-\\nence Heights, New Jersey, on the 10th day of April, 1876, delivering\\nthe valedictory address of his class on that occasion. In the winter of\\n1873-4 he took the course in Drew s Business College, and graduated\\non the 2d of March, 1874. In 1864 he enlisted in the 135th Ind. Vols.,\\na regiment of one-hundred-days men. He was married on the 17th of\\nApril, 1879, to Sarah E. Salmans. In March, 1877, he located in\\nAlvin, where he has since carried on the lumber and hardware trade.\\nIn politics Mr. Williams is a republican.\\nGEANT TOWNSHIP.\\nGrant township was, until 1862, a portion of Eoss, and as now con-\\nstituted, occupies the northeastern corner of the county, having Indiana\\nfor its eastern boundary, Iroquois county for its northern, Butler town-\\nship for its western, and Eoss for its southern. It is rectangular in\\nshape is twelve and one-half miles long by seven and one-half wide,\\ncontaining fifty-eight thousand eight hundred and eighty acres, being\\nthe largest township in the county. It contains all of townships 23,\\nrange 11 and 23, range 12, one and one-half miles oft the north side of\\ntownships 22, range 11 and 22, range 12, and a narrow strip of the\\nwest side of 22,^range 10 and 23 range 10. It was almost entirely\\nprairie, having but a few acres of timber near the center of its southern\\nline, known as Bicknell s Point, and formed the great treeless divide\\nbetween the head waters of the Vermilion and of the Iroquois. As\\nlate as 1860 but little of its land had been brought into cultivation,\\nalthough the great highway of travel from the south to Chicago ran\\ndirectly across its center twenty-five years before that time. When in\\n1872 the railroad was built through it but few farms were intersected.\\nThe great prairie from Bicknell s Point stretching north was the dread\\nof the early settler when he became benighted on his return from Chi-\\ncago after a ten days trip to that their only market. The dark, stormy,\\nwintry nights carried terror to many a household when it was feared\\nthat the father or husband or son was trying to find his way home over\\nthe treeless waste of the great divide.\\nA single incident of such tragic nature as to be told over and over", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0809.jp2"}, "810": {"fulltext": "704 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas at one time postmaster of North Fork postoffice before the name\\nwas changed to Rossville.\\nCol. Abel Woolverton, one of the best known of the early settlers in\\nthis township, settled in 1849 on section 18, two miles northeast of the\\nPoint. His was probably the first settlement out on the prairie, and\\nas others came in his name was given to the neighborhood, and is so\\ncalled yet. He came from Perrysville, Indiana, and had been in the\\nBlackhawk war. He received the title of Colonel from his foster-brother,\\nGov. Whitcomb, of Indiana. He was onty able to enter a quarter-\\nsection at first, but afterward took land in sections 17 and 8. He\\nengaged in farming, enduring the hardships consequent on early settle-\\nment on the prairie, raising cattle, fighting rattlesnakes and wolves\\nwith the same bravery he had the Indians. There was no market for\\nanything but at Chicago, and there he had to go, over bleak prairies,\\nthrough rain and mud, which latter was often one of the worst hard-\\nships the early settler had to endure. Points of trading at this time\\nwere Danville and Attica. Col. Woolverton was a competent sur-\\nveyor and did considerable work in that line. Col. Woolverton died\\nin 1865. Of his children, George, a young man of bright prospects,\\nwas killed near Richmond, in the rebellion Charles still lives on the\\nfarm which his father brought into cultivation, and Thomas lives near\\non part of the same land, down the branch from Col. Woolverton s,\\nabout a mile and a half toward the Fork.\\nChurchill Boardman settled in 1845, and made a farm. His son\\nlives near Rossville yet. Capt. McKibben, so well known to the early\\nsettlers of this county, lived a portion of the time in the same neighbor-\\nhood. He had done valiant service fighting the Indians, had served\\nas deputy sheriff and sheriff, and was probably as well known as any\\nman in the county. Charles Leighton settled in the neighborhood\\nabout the same time. He still resides there at the age of nearly ninety\\nyears.\\nCharles Wier was early, and Mr. Smart, who soon went back east, and\\nsettled just north of Bicknell s Point, on the Chicago road. Robert\\nCrane (whom most of the early settlers persist in calling Cream) made\\nan early settlement. Robert Davison entered what is now known as the\\nWebb farm, but returned to Myersville. John Chenoweth, from Per-\\nrysville, came in and remained one year. He died at Perrysville, and\\nCharles Wier purchased his land. Mr. Glover lived three or four years\\non the land now owned by L. F. Goodman. Robert Anderson took\\nland just west of the Davison place.\\nJames Holmes came from Kentucky, and settled on section 16 (21-\\n11), in the south part of Ross, where his son John was born forty-three", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0810.jp2"}, "811": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 701\\nin La Fayette, Indiana, on the 8th of November, 1845, and is a son of\\nHarrison and Hannah (Gish) Williams. He was bred to farming, and\\nlived near Pond Grove, in Warren county, Indiana, until 1873, when\\nhe began traveling for the benefit of his health, meantime studying\\nmedicine, and graduating at the Hygieo-Therapeutic College, at Flor-\\nence Heights, New Jersey, on the 10th day of April, 1876, delivering\\nthe valedictory address of his class on that occasion. In the winter of\\n1873-4 he took the course in Drew s Business College, and graduated\\non the 2d of March, 1874. In 1864 he enlisted in the 135th Ind. Vols.,\\na regiment of one-hundred-days men. He was married on the 17th of\\nApril, 1879, to Sarah E. Salmans. In March, 1877, he located in\\nAlvin, where he has since carried on the lumber and hardware trade.\\nIn politics Mr. Williams is a republican.\\nGRANT TOWNSHIP.\\nGrant township was, until 1862, a portion of Ross, and as now con-\\nstituted, occupies the northeastern corner of the county, having Indiana\\nfor its eastern boundary, Iroquois county for its northern, Butler town-\\nship for its western, and Ross for its southern. It is rectangular in\\nshape is twelve and one-half miles long by seven and one-half wide,\\ncontaining fifty-eight thousand eight hundred and eighty acres, being\\nthe largest township in the county. It contains all of townships 23,\\nrange 11 and 23, range 12, one and one-half miles off the north side of\\ntownships 22, range 11 and 22, range 12, and a narrow strip of the\\nwest side of 22, range 10 and 23 range 10. It was almost entirely\\nprairie, having but a few acres of timber near the center of its southern\\nline, known as BicknelPs Point, and formed the great treeless divide\\nbetween the head waters of the Vermilion and of the Iroquois. As\\nlate as 1860 but little of its land had been brought into cultivation,\\nalthough the great highway of travel from the south to Chicago ran\\ndirectly across its center twenty-five years before that time. When in\\n1872 the railroad was built through it but few farms were intersected.\\nThe great prairie from BicknelPs Point stretching north was the dread\\nof the early settler when he became benighted on his return from Chi-\\ncago after a ten days trip to that their only market. The dark, stormy,\\nwintry nights carried terror to many a household when it was feared\\nthat the father or husband or son was trying to find his way home over\\nthe treeless waste of the great divide.\\nA single incident of such tragic nature as to be told over and over", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0811.jp2"}, "812": {"fulltext": "704 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas at one time postmaster of North Fork postoffice before the name\\nwas changed to Rossville.\\nCol. Abel Woolverton, one of the best known of the early settlers in\\nthis township, settled in 1849 on section 18, two miles northeast of the\\nPoint. His was probably the first settlement out on the prairie, and\\nas others came in his name was given to the neighborhood, and is so\\ncalled yet. He came from Penwsville, Indiana, and had been in the\\nBlackhawk war. He received the title of Colonel from his foster-brother,\\nGov. Whitcomb, of Indiana. He was only able to enter a quarter-\\nsection at first, but afterward took land in sections 17 and 8. He\\nengaged in farming, enduring the hardships consequent on early settle-\\nment on the prairie, raising cattle, fighting rattlesnakes and wolves\\nwith the same bravery he had the Indians. There was no market for\\nanything but at Chicago, and there he had to go, over bleak prairies,\\nthrough rain and mud, which latter was often one of the worst hard-\\nships the early settler had to endure. Points of trading at this time\\nwere Danville and Attica. Col. Woolverton was a competent sur-\\nveyor and did considerable work in that line. Col. Woolverton died\\nin 1865. Of his children, George, a young man of bright prospects,\\nwas killed near Richmond, in the rebellion Charles still lives on the\\nfarm which his father brought into cultivation, and Thomas lives near\\non part of the same land, down the branch from Col. Woolverton s,\\nabout a mile and a half toward the Fork.\\nChurchill Board man settled in 1845, and made a farm. His son\\nlives near Rossville yet. Capt. McKibben, so well known to the early\\nsettlers of this county, lived a portion of the time in the same neighbor-\\nhood. He had done valiant service fighting the Indians, had served\\nas deputy sheriff and sheriff, and was probably as w y ell known as any\\nman in the county. Charles Leighton settled in the neighborhood\\nabout the same time. He still resides there at the age of nearly ninety\\nyears.\\nCharles Wier was early, and Mr. Smart, who soon went back east, and\\nsettled just north of BicknelPs Point, on the Chicago road. Robert\\nCrane (whom most of the early settlers persist in calling Cream) made\\nan early settlement. Robert Davison entered what is now known as the\\nWebb farm, but returned to Myersville. John Chenoweth, from Per-\\nrysville, came in and remained one year. He died at Perrysville, and\\nCharles Wier purchased his land. Mr. Glover lived three or four years\\non the land now owned by L. F. Goodman. Robert Anderson took\\nland just west of the Davison place.\\nJames Holmes came from Kentucky, and settled on section 16 (21-\\n11), in the south part of Ross, where his son John was born forty-three", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0812.jp2"}, "813": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 705\\nyears ago, so that he is one of the oldest natives of the northern part\\nof the county. Mr. Holmes was elected a justice of the peace in 1846,\\nsix years before township organization was effected in the county. He\\nwas reelected when Ross was organized, and for a number of years in\\nsuccession was elected assessor and collector of that township. He\\nwas a man of few early advantages of school education, but of strong\\ngood sense, and was a very acceptable official in all the positions he\\ntilled. He settled among the very first on the Jordan, and sold to\\nThomas Gundy, and entered the land known as the Tomlinson farm,\\nand at one time owned forty acres where Alvin now is. He brought\\nup a family of eleven children, who nearly all survived him. He en-\\ngaged in farming, raising cattle and hogs. He was an honored mem-\\nber of the Christian church, and of the Masonic and Odd-Fellows\\nfraternities. He died in January, 1864, at the time of the terrible\\ncold which prevailed all over the country, and it was several days\\nbefore arrangements could be perfected for his funeral. His wife died\\nin 1848, during the time of the high water, which is said to have\\nmarked the highest ever known on the Wabash. She was buried in\\nthe Kight burying ground, and the neighbors were obliged to make a\\nraft to convey the remains to their final resting place. Of his six chil-\\ndren now living three are daughters Mrs. Mark Wilson, Mrs. Jesse\\nPrather, Mrs. John Turl, and three sons: John, Phillip and William.\\nAll the northeast part of the township was open prairie and uncul-\\ntivated until the railroad was built. William Allen, Esq., was the\\npioneer in the northern part of the township. He came from Ohio in\\n1844, and taught school three miles south of Danville, in the Jones\\nneighborhood. He afterward taught in the Duncan neighborhood, in\\nNewell, and married there in 1848. He then lived in Danville awhile\\nand practiced law, and served as assistant to W. D. Palmer, county\\nsuperintendent. In May, 1850, he took up a farm on the high land\\nnorthwest of Hoopeston, where a beautiful spring had attracted atten-\\ntion, and afterward bought more. This was believed to be one of the\\nfinest farms, or at least would become one of the finest farms, in the\\ncounty and so old Thomas Hoopes considered it for three years after\\nhe bought this land for ten dollars an acre. The old hedge, which runs\\nalong near the Hibbard House, was the south line of this farm, and\\nthe county line the north one. Allen was county assessor while liv-\\ning out here, and after selling out went back to Danville, thence to\\nPerrysville, and, in 1858, back to East Lynne, where he again pio-\\nneered, being the first settler in the northern part of Butler township.\\nOne son is engaged in law at Possville and one daughter at East\\nLynne the others are with their parents at Hoopeston. Mr. Allen has\\n45", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0813.jp2"}, "814": {"fulltext": "706 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nseen this part of the county blossom into fruitful farms. When he first\\nstruck plow on his farm here, for miles in all directions, nothing met\\nthe eye but prairie-grass even the great herds of cattle, which after-\\nward were seen in these parts, were absent then.\\nAmos Thompson entered four hundred acres of land here in 1853,\\nbut never resided on it after the railroad was built. His sons came\\nhere and turned the raw prairie into city lots.\\nThomas Hoopes, for whom Hoopeston was named, is a good sam-\\nple of the better class of those fortunate people who have greatness\\nthrust on them without ever praying for it or entertaining any strong\\nfaith in its coming. He grew up to stalwart manhood in Chester\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Harrison connty, Ohio. Lived\\nin Marion awhile, and in 1853 bought the farm of Win. Allen. He\\ncame on here in 1855 and commenced work as best he could. He\\nbought some land of D. C. Andrews and C. J. Hungerford, and under-\\ntook to get it into shape to get a living from it. He brought eight\\nhundred sheep with him, and by taking in a herd of cattle to tend each\\nyear, he managed to keep inside of his expenses. There was no place\\nfor stopping on the Chicago road from Bicknell s Point to the red\\npump, near Milford, when he made his home on the big prairie. The\\nfirst year he had to go over to the Jordan to buy corn, and pay seventy-\\nfive cents a bushel for it since that time he has managed, by careful\\neconomizing, such as he is master of, to raise enough for his own use.\\nHe did not go into wheat very extensively, as many others did about\\nthat time, but raised corn and oats. Within three years he got about\\nthree hundred acres into good cultivation, having over one thousand\\nacres in prairie grass to keep a herd on. Wool was his principal crop,\\nwhich was more reliable than now. The vast range was suitable for\\nthe health of his sheep, the absence of neighborly dogs was favorable,\\nand, by keeping up in a close pen at night, they were safe from the\\nattack of wolves. Wolves, though apparently bold when they have a\\nfree field for escape, are cowards when hemmed in by a high fence.\\nThey would not climb into an inclosure where the sheep were in a\\ncrowd they seemed to fear being penned in. He did not raise many\\nhogs, but kept his flock of sheep and herd of cattle increasing. He\\nnever drove cattle to the markets, being satisfied that he knew enough\\nto raise cattle, but was not sharp enough to try any risks of a speculative\\nnature. In 1859 he sold a thousand sheep, and during the war he sold\\noff the remainder, thinking that if the war kept on there would not\\nbe young men enough left in the country to take care of what he had,\\nand if it did not continue, his sheep would fall in price. His nearest\\nneighbors, for some years, were Col. Woolverton and Churchill Board-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0814.jp2"}, "815": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 707\\nman. He had no more idea of seeing a city grow up on his farm here\\nthan of seeing a volcano and when the road was built, and Snell, Taylor\\nCo. wanted to buy him out, he had no desire to go into any specu-\\nlation in city lots, and sold them a thousand acres for just what he\\nbelieved it was worth. Now, at the age of 73, he has a quiet home in\\nthe little city which the railroads forced on him, and looks upon the\\nlast r ears of his life as almost a dream.\\nAlba Honeywell was born in Cayuga county, New York, and received\\na good education, and very early got into the anti-slavery and temper-\\nance work as a disciple of Garrison, Wendell Phillips and Beria Green.\\nHe was an agitator by his very nature, and devoted his time to writing\\nand speaking for political and moral reforms. In fact, it was impossi-\\nble for any one who had once drank at the spring of man s brother-\\nhood which flowed from the inspiring brain of William Lloyd Garrison\\nto cease preaching abolition upon every occasion. The hero who could\\nsay strike, but hear, 1 did not need to use arguments to induce such\\nminds as Honeywell s to take up the refrain for universal liberty. He\\nhad charge of Box Brown during his tour, in relating his wonder-\\nful escape from American slavery, packed in a dry goods box. This\\nstory, as he told it, in his plain, simple language, how he had permitted\\nhimself to be nailed up in a box and shipped north as freight, consigned\\nto the abolitionists, carefully marked this side up with care, was in-\\ntensely interesting and people crowded to his meetings to hear from\\nhis own lips the story of his abolition, as they do nowadays to an\\nagricultural hoss trot. The carelessness of the boat hands in stow-\\ning the box away upside down, leaving him for some days without the\\npower to help himself to the little food he had prepared for his journey,\\nwas one of the most interesting parts of his story.\\nHon. Lyford Marston was born in Massachusetts and emigrated to\\nKentucky, where he became a law partner of Hon. Garrett Davis, the\\nlast of the old whig senators of that dark and somewhat bloody ground.\\nAbout 1859 he came to this county and settled on his farm northwest\\nof the present city of Hoopeston. He has been a successful farmer and\\nstock-raiser. In 1878 he was elected to the state legislature by a very\\nflattering vote, and gave a very close and attentive care to the duties\\nof his position.\\nCHURCHES.\\nThe Antioch church, which was built on section 34, about two miles\\nfrom the southern and two from the eastern line of the township, was\\nthe outgrowth of a union effort for securing the necessary house of\\nworship for that part of the town. Elder Stites at an early day had\\npreached there at the house of James Holmes, who was a member of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0815.jp2"}, "816": {"fulltext": "708 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthat the Christian denomination, and others of that connection\\nfollowed. Father Connor preached there in 1870, and Elders Hubbard\\nand Stipp, since. Rev. Mr. Warren is now serving the church.\\nThe Methodist class, that worships in the same place, has belonged\\nto the Rossville circuit, and has been served by the same pastors who\\nhave labored at Hoopeston. The church is a neat and commodious\\nbuilding, and by the terms of its bnilding is to be free to be occupied\\nby all christian denominations. Noah Brown and Mr. Brillhart were\\ntrustees, and were largely instrumental in collecting the means to build,\\nwhich was subscribed liberally by all the neighborhood.\\nThe first town meeting held in Grant township after it was cut off\\nfrom Ross, was held in the Owen school-house, April, 1862. The fol-\\nlowing are the officers who have been elected since that time\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1862... 95... J. R. Stewart A. M. Davis A.M. Davis W. W. Smith.\\n1863... 89... J. R. Stewart A. M. Davis A. M. Davis W. W. Smith.\\n1864... 98... J. R. Stewart A. M. Davis A. M. Davis J. R.Smith.\\n1865. 78. .J. R. Stewart A. M. Davis E. B. Jenkins J. R. Smith.\\n1866... 100... Fred. Tilton A. M. Davis E. B. Jenkins A. Warner.\\n1867... 143... Fred. Tilton A. M. Davis A. M. Davis Wm. Brillhart.\\n1868... 152... Ira Green A. M. Davis A. M. Davis Wm. Moore.\\n1869. ..134.. .Ira Green A. M. Davis A. M. Davis Wm. Moore.\\n1870... 183... C. Hartwell A.M. Davis A. Warner Wm. Moore.\\n1871... 201... C. Hartwell A. M. Davis A. Warner W. W. Duly.\\n1872. .240. .W. F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis A. Warner W. W. Daly.\\n1873. .302. W. F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis L. Marston T. W. Harris.\\n1874. .373. W. F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis J. F. Marquis. .T. W. Harris.\\n1875... 315... W.F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis Wm. Glaze W. W. Duly.\\n1876 W. F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis J. F. Marquis J. F. Marquis.\\n1877 W. F. Youngblood.A. M. Davis J. F. Marquis. .W. I. Hobert.\\n1878. .528! W. R. Clark B. F. Stites J. F. Marquis. .W. I. Hobert.\\n1879. .576. W. R. Clark B. F. Stites Thos. Wolverton W. I. Hobert.\\nJustices of the peace have been James Holmes, E. B. Jenkins, W.\\nD. Foulke, A. M. Davis, Wm. Moore and L. Armstrong.\\nThe record of Grant township on the matter of railroad aid is very\\nsimilar to that of nearly all other railroad townships. The legislature\\nof the state in response to an almost universal demand for more liberal\\nfacilities for railroad building, passed in 1869 the act known as the\\nrefunding act, or, in common parlance, the Tax Grab. There were\\nmany localities in the state like the one here in northern Vermilion,\\nthat were destitute of railroad facilities. There was not sufficient in-\\nducement for any company to build roads to such places in the mere\\nprospect of business to be transacted, and the counties and townships\\nwanting the roads could not well afford to give the bonds necessary to\\ngo on with the enterprise, so the plan was adopted of making the other", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0816.jp2"}, "817": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 709\\ncounties help pay for the investment. An act was passed giving to\\nthe counties, cities, towns or townships which should vote aid for rail-\\nroad building under the provisions of this act, all the state taxes which\\nshould be raised on the railroad so built, and on its property, and all\\nstate tax on all increase of assessment over the assessment of 1868, as\\na fund to help pay the bonds issued in aid of railroads.\\nAn election was called, May 11, 1867, to vote for or against giving\\n$14,000 to the Chicago, Danville Yincennes railroad, but the elec-\\ntion was adjourned without action in consequence of informality. June\\n3d an election was held, which resulted in 132 for, to 17 against, such\\naid. A special town meeting held on the 25th of August, 1868, to\\nvote for or against $4,500 additional in aid of the same road, which\\nresulted in a vote of 60 for, to 19 against. At a later date,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but the\\ntownship records fail to show anything in regard to it, a vote was\\nhad to take $25,000 stock in the Lafayette, Bloomington Mississippi\\nrailroad. The bonds were issued, the stock was taken, but by a recent\\nforeclosure of the mortgage the stock has all been wiped out, and Grant\\nis not any longer a railroad stock holder. On the 27th of June, 1876,\\na special town meeting was held to decide, by a vote of the township,\\nwhether they would employ counsel to contest the payment of the\\nbonds, which resulted in a vote of 135 for, to 17 against, such contest;\\nand a vote was also taken in favor of raising $4,000 by tax, to use in\\ncontesting the bonds. Hon. Charles H. Wood, of Chicago, was em-\\nployed, under the resolution of this meeting, to take care of the case\\nin behalf of the township.\\nHOOPESTON A CITY OF EIGHT YEARS.\\nHoopeston is at the crossing of the Chicago Eastern Illinois and\\nthe Lafayette, Bloomington Muncie railroads; is situated on the\\nhigh rolling prairie which forms the dividing ridge between the waters\\nof the Wabash and the Illinois rivers, and in the artesian region, forty-\\ntwo miles from La Fayette, twenty-seven from Danville, twenty-six\\nfrom Paxton, and twenty -four from Watseka. When the railroads\\nwere built through here, in 1871, the entire country, for miles around,\\nwith the exception of the Hoopes farm, was an unbroken prairie, and\\nwith no trading point or railroad nearer than the places above men-\\ntioned, it was known that this must soon become a place of consider-\\nable importance. The two construction companies which were building\\nthese roads, Snell, Taylor Co. and Young Co., looked with covet-\\nous eyes upon this railroad crossing, both inwardly vowing that they\\nwould possess the prize. Both companies were in the height of their\\nprosperity (this was in 1871, before the panic of 73 had knocked the", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0817.jp2"}, "818": {"fulltext": "710 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbottom out of every railroad enterprise and construction company in\\nthe country), both being managed by shrewd, determined, positive\\nmen, who were not in the habit of being thwarted in their plans.\\nBoth, at that time, knew no such word as fail. When Greek\\nmeets Greek then comes the tug of war, and this struggle between\\nthe two contestants for this prize was about the only war record\\nthis young city ever knew. Young Co., through their agent, Mr.\\nHoneywell, made acceptable terms with the land owners on the east of\\nthe Chicago, Danville Vincennes road, and supposed they had made\\nterms with Mr. Hoopes but while they were like the servant of the\\nprophet, here and there, Col. Snell closed a bargain with Mr.\\nHoopes for one thousand acres of his land lying west of the junction,\\nand forestalled Young Co.\\nMr. Hoopes knew enough to manage a good farm, but he doubted\\nhis ability to go into a scramble for selling city lots; for this reason he\\nwould have nothing to do with the business, but was ready to sell out\\nto either party.\\nWhen Young Co. found that they were defeated in their plan of\\ngetting control of all the land which would come into the town plat,\\nthey bent their efforts to make the most of what they had, while the\\nother firm, intent on a like operation, hurried up the platting of their\\npart, and making such improvements as should offer strong induce-\\nments to business men. In the rage for speculation three separate\\ntowns were laid out and recorded. Davis and Satterthwait laid out\\neighteen acres, on the 28th of July, where Main street is, and called it\\nHoopeston. Snell, Taylor Co. (consisting of Col. Thomas Snell, of\\nClinton Abner Taylor, Esq., of Chicago, and James Aiken, who re-\\ncently died in Chicago, with Mr. Mix, of Kankakee, as a special part-\\nner) laid out in November one hundred and sixty acres where the\\nHibbard House stands, and called it Leeds. Thompson Brothers laid\\nout that east and north of the railroads, and called it North Hoopeston\\nand Davis and Satterthwait an addition to Hoopeston, making, with\\nsome other additions, about five hundred acres in all.\\nThe track of the C. D. V. road was laid through town on the\\n24th of July, 1871, and not a house nearer than a mile. The next day\\na few people collected to see the surveyors drive the first stake of the\\nfuture metropolis of the prairie. Charles W} 7 man was the first to com-\\nmence laying off and selling lots. Messrs. Lukens Brothers, who are\\nstill in business here, were the first to purchase. On the 28th of July,\\nMr. Wyman s office, the first building, was built by J. C. Davis, who\\nwas the pioneer carpenter and did a prosperous business until he was\\nrepeatedly burned out. J. Bedell, who is yet here in trade, started the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0818.jp2"}, "819": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 711\\nfirst grocery store. The strife between the different landed proprietors\\ngrew warm. The proprietors of Leeds built a large hotel three stories\\nhigh and had it ready for occupancy that fall, and soon after that built\\nthe fine brick block, two stories high, and the five frame one-story\\nstores and the large livery bam, all of which buildings now stand there\\npractically unused. They put in wide sidewalks, set out shade trees,\\ngraded up the streets and run the grade ont a mile from their center.\\nThey made very liberal offers to such as wanted to rent buildings\\nof them, but the lots lying between their improvements and the lands\\nof the other proprietors they would not sell at an} price. Their plan\\nlooks reckless now, in the light of eight years, but after the contest\\nthey had for the possession of the town, there does not seem to have\\nbeen any other course for them to pursue. Had they permitted\\nthe lots joining the tracts of others to be put on the market first, they\\ncould hardly have expected to retain the business on their lands. The\\nproprietors of the original town were pushing their lots into notice,\\nand every person who purchased there became an attorney in fact\\nto work up a sale of the remaining lots as fast as possible.\\nDuring the first season the lots along Market street, of North\\nHoopeston, were the popular ones, and nearly every business was\\nlocated on that street, which became the thoroughfare of trade and\\ncommerce. Way out north of the railroad, for four blocks, buildings\\nwent up in quick succession, nearly all the stores, the postoffice, the\\nprinting office, and in fact nearly everything called business was in\\nNorth Hoopeston. B. F. Stites was pretty nearly in the center of\\ntrade.\\nIn October the postoffice was established and J. M. R. Spinning\\nwas appointed postmaster, a position he continued to hold until 1878.\\nwhen Judge Dale Wallace was appointed, but the first mail did not\\narrive here, for some unexplained cause, until the 9th of December,\\nwhen it was brought over from Rossville in an open buggy, which had\\nto be provided for the occasion free of expense to the postoffice depart-\\nment. It was not until the 1st of January, 1872, that mail came by\\nthe trains.\\nIn October of that year religious services commenced to be held in\\nthe store of Mr. McCracken this was for some months headquarters\\nfor religious instruction and heavenly intelligence. The people were\\nnot so particular what a man s denominational credentials were if\\nhe could preach, and was not above occupying McCracken s pulpit,\\nthey heard him gladly. Seavy Wallace commenced the publication\\nof the first and only newspaper ever published in Hoopeston, issuing\\nthe first number on the 11th of January, 1872, of The North Ver-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0819.jp2"}, "820": {"fulltext": "712 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmilion Chronicle. The first number gave a very full account of the\\nEarly days of Hoopeston the town was less than six months old,\\nand was full of interest to every resident. The first number which\\ncame from the press was put up at auction and sold for $32.50 the few\\nsucceeding copies were also sold in the same way, commanding sums\\nwhich made the young proprietors feel an assurance of certain success.\\nIt was a seven-column folio and contained about six columns of adver-\\ntisements. The following persons and firms made known their desire\\nto do business with the citizens of Hoopeston and the surrounding\\nprairie, in the first number Whipple Brown, S. K. White, G. C.\\nDavis, Deamude Lefever (of Rossville), Ed. Stemp, J. W. Elliott,\\nG. H. White, Motfett Kirkpatrick, J. Bedell, E. D. North, F. G.\\nHoffman, Miller Brother, A. B. Perkins, R. Morey, Given Knox,\\nR. McCracken, Roof Rae, Mrs. Robb, Dr. Anderson, Dr. McCaughey,\\nJ. C. Askern, Esq., J. H. Phillips, Snell, Taylor Co., C. L. Wy-\\nman and B. Sanders. The paper continued to be published under that\\nname for a year and a half, and then the name was changed to the\\nik Hoopeston Chronicle. After about four years Seavey Wallace\\nsold it, but a year later Mr. Wallace purchased it and continues to\\npublish it. The Chronicle has always been a first-class local paper,\\nand has received a liberal patronage from the enterprising, stirring\\ncitizens of this lively young city. It is republican in politics.\\nOn the 1st of January, 1872, five months after the surveyor s stakes\\nhad been driven in the wild prairie, seventy buildings had been erected\\nand the population was two hundred and forty-five, and by the 1st of\\nJanuary, 1873, less than one year and a half, one hundred and\\neighty buildings were up, the population had increased to eight hun-\\ndred, and seventeen miles of streets had been graded, three hotels built,\\na bank started, the principal streets provided with sidewalks, an ele-\\nvator built, and over forty business houses in full operation. The history\\nof Illinois may be searched in vain for a parallel to the sudden growth\\nand development of the wild prairie. Only in the wild speculations of\\nmining camps can the like be found. Chicagowas many years in mak-\\ning a similar growth. Neither has this growth proved fitful and un-\\ncertain. The men who first pinned their faith to Hoopeston remain to\\nrealize, in a great measure, the full fruition of that hope. The failure\\nof the speculative enterprise of Snell, Taylor Co., after investing\\nabout $25,000 in buildings and improvements, is the only exception to\\nthe general success.\\nCHURCHES, SOCIETIES, SCHOOLS, ETC.\\nThe Methodist society was organized in 1872 by Rev. B. F. Hyde,\\nof Rossville, and presiding elder Rev. Preston Wood. The preaching", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0820.jp2"}, "821": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 713\\nwas at first in McCracken s store. It took some time to get matters\\nstarted in this town, so that the preachers could have regular places\\nfor preaching the Word. The circuit at that time included Schwartz,\\nEast Lynne and Antioch, Rev. A. H. Alkire being pastor. In 1873\\nRev. W. Lang was pastor, J. W. Phillips, presiding elder. Dick\\nSchool-house and Bridgman School-house were added as regular ap-\\npointments. In 1874 J. Muirhead was pastor, his pastorate continuing\\nthree years. During his time the church was commenced. It is a fine\\nstructure, very pleasantly located, with a beautiful spire one hundred\\nand thirteen feet high. It is in the Gothic style of architecture,\\n34 x 56, to which has been added an extension for a class-room, 16 x40.\\nThe building is yet incomplete, and has cost $3,300. In 1877 Rev. H.\\nM. Hoff was appointed to this circuit, and still remains in the work.\\nThe present membership of the church is eighty-six; J. Lakin, Thomas\\nSmith and M. G. Miller, class leaders. The Sunday-school under the\\nsuperintendency of E. B. Row is in a flourishing condition, numbering\\nabout seventy-five, and is maintained all the year.\\nThe United Presbyterian church was organized in May, 1872, by\\nRev. J. D. Whitham, who lived at that time at Sugar Creek, near\\nRankin, and when the wave of migration carried many members of\\nthe church from Paxton to Hoopeston, he collected them together and\\norganized a church of twenty-two members, with T. C. McCaughey,\\nG. M. Kirkpatrick and R. M. Knox as ruling elders, who still continue\\nto officiate. Thirteen of the original members still continue here.\\nRev. R. C. Wyatt served the church for two years as stated supply.\\nAt first the meetings were held in the only synagogue in town, Mc-\\nCracken s store. Rev. R. C. Hamilton, from Ohio, preached to the\\ncongregation for three months. Rev. E. D. Campbell, Rev. J. H.\\nGibson and Rev. G. W. Torrance successively labored, and Rev. T. A.\\nHouston is present supply. While Mr. Gibson was in charge the\\nchurch was built a neat, substantial edifice 36 x 55, with session room\\nattached at a cost of $1,500. The church numbers forty-eight. The\\nSundaj -school is the continuation of the original Union school, of\\nwhich Dr. McCaughey was superintendent, and who still continues\\nthe same relation. The school numbers about one hundred, has twelve\\nteachers, and is interesting and successful.\\nThe Baptist church was organized by Rev. G. T. Willis, from Cham-\\npaign, in 1873, with twelve members. He continued to preach for two\\nyears. The church belongs to the Gilman Association, and has simply\\nkept up its connections, and has no church or pastor.\\nThe First Presbyterian church of Hoopeston was organized on the\\n3d of May, 1872, by Rev. A. L. Brooks and Rev. Mr. Steel, a commit-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0821.jp2"}, "822": {"fulltext": "714 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntee of the Bloomington Presbytery, with eighteen members. E. R.\\nStrauss, W. Maxwell and L. W. Anderson, elders. Mr. Steele preached\\none year one-third of the time. Rev. M. Lynn supplied the church for\\none year. In the fall of 1877, Rev. A. L. Knox, formerly of Hey worth,\\nwas employed to preach, preaching each morning and evening, and at\\nVictor school-house and Ross school-house, afternoons. The present\\nelders are D. B. Crane, H. Lukens, Josiah Jones, John Miller and John\\nPalmer. The Sabbath-school numbers about sixty, with H. Lukens,\\nsuperintendent. The church numbers thirty-six, and has no house of\\nworship, but meets in Clark s hall.\\nThe church of Christ (Christian) was organized June, 1873, by Elder\\nRawley Martin with twelve members. J. M. R. Spinning and J. S.\\nShirley, elders; J. Hawkins and Thomas Roof, deacons. Elders Roe\\nand A. R. Owen were successive pastors of the young church, and Rev.\\nC. Austin the present preacher. The church edifice was built in 1874,\\nis 36x50, a neat substantial building with steeple, and cost about\\n$1,800. The present membership is sixty-five, and present officers are\\nJohn Williams, J. Hawkins and George Chamberlain, elders; Win.\\nBloomfield and Joseph Green, deacons.\\nThere were representatives of the Friends here at Hoopeston from\\nthe laying out of the new town. Joseph M. Satterthwait was one of\\nthe original proprietors of the town. In 1872 he built a commodious\\ndwelling, corner of Third and Penn streets, into which, during the\\nfall, himself and wife, Isaac T. Lukens and wife, and Miss Edith Mul-\\nlen, moved. Here, in their new home, the first meetings were held,\\nwhich were continued, according to the rules and discipline of the\\nFriends, twice a week first day and fifth day for a year. In 1873\\nR. M. Lukens, wife and daughter, joined the pioneers of that faith\\nhere. Mr. Lukens had a building erected on the corner of Third and\\nMain, and arranged it for a meeting-house. His proposition to the\\nFriends to occupy this met with very general acquiescence. It was\\nhere, in the fali of 1873, that the first public meetings of the Rich-\\nland Meeting of Friends were held, where they continue to meet.\\nSeveral of their number have passed away, and others have come in,\\nkeeping a stead} 7 growth, not only in numbers but in that channel of\\nlove and friendship becoming their christian profession.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nIn no respect does the public spirit of the people of Hoopeston\\nshow a better development than in the matter of schools. No sooner\\nhad the village got under way than a live board of directors was elect-\\ned G. C. Davis, Mr. Armstrong, and Win. Moore who proceeded", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0822.jp2"}, "823": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP.\\n715\\nat once to put the school in running order. The first need was a suit-\\nable house. It became a question whether the district should build a\\ngood, substantial, well-proportioned, large school-house,- one within\\nwhose walls all could be accommodated, and whose spacious propor-\\ntions, beautiful surroundings and pleasant appointments would inspire\\nthe pupil, and awaken taste, love of school and culture- or whether\\ncheap, scattered buildings should be erected, in which a strict grade\\ncould not be instituted. The former was wisely chosen, and it was\\nthrough this decision that the Hoopeston public schools have become\\nknown far and wide as among the best in the country. This action\\nnecessitated a heavy debt, but it is now well-nigh wiped out In what\\nHOOPESTON PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINU.\\never the directors have done to make the schools more effective the\\npeople have cordially seconded them, and the result has been that the\\nofficers have felt sustained. The present directors are: W K Clark\\nWm. Glaze and Joseph Green, under whose excellent administration the\\nschool has attained the highest standard of success. In 1877 the pre-\\nsent principal was employed. His work has given such general satis-\\nfaction that a large number of pupils have come in from the country\\naround about to perfect their studies as teachers,- or business men, or\\nfarmers, and farmers wives. During the past year nearly four hun-\\ndred dollars has been received from foreign pupils for tuition The\\nHoopeston Normal School is held each summer, under the direction of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0823.jp2"}, "824": {"fulltext": "716 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nProf. T. B. Bird, where teachers and those about to teach are pre-\\npared for their work. The success of their school is not more a matter\\nof pride to the directors and teachers than of gratnlation to the citi-\\nzens.\\nSOCIETIES.\\nStar Lodge, No. 709, Free and Accepted Masons, was chartered in\\n1872. The charter members are: George Steely, William Moore, Will-\\niam Brillhart, Cyrus Hartwell, J. S. Crane, Thomas Williams, Jona-\\nthan Bedell, E. D. North and J. M. R. Spinning. J. Bedell was first\\nmaster. The present officers are: Dale Wallace, W.M. P. F. Levin,\\nS.W. K. Miskimmins, J.W. J. S. Powell, Sec; J. A. Cunning-\\nham, Treas. L. R. North, S.D. T. C. Baxter, J.D. P. W. Silver, T.\\nLodge numbers about seventy. They have a fine lodge room in the\\nbank building.\\nHoopeston Chapter (under dispensation) numbers fourteen mem-\\nbers. William Moore, LLP. P. F. Levin, K. J. A. Cunningham,\\nScribe Dale Wallace, Sec. Thomas Williams, Treas.\\nHoopeston Lodge, I.O.O.F., was organized September, 1872, with\\nthe following charter members: W. F. Rader, N.G. Sj dney Teller,\\nV.G. B. F. Stites, Sec. John Burns and H. Shaver. It numbers\\nforty members. The following are present officers W. F. Rader, N.G.\\nA. F. McKnight, Y.G. Thomas Wolverton, R.S. B. F. Stites, Sec.\\nJ. Wyford, Treas. It meets every Tuesday evening.\\nAs soon as Hoopeston took shape, and the active, live men who\\nhad come to stay set about putting in motion every measure which\\nwould improve their condition, with this view the Hoopeston District\\nAgricultural Society was formed, _ on the 12th of July, 1873. Cyrus\\nHartwell was elected president; J. Ellis, vice-president; Thomas Will-\\niams, treasurer G. W. Seavy, secretary. The stock was fixed at $5,000,\\nbut afterward increased to $10,000. The society got thirty acres of\\nland half a mile west of the railroad, enclosed it, erected stalls, floral\\nhall and mechanics hall, laid out a good track, and in six weeks from\\nthe date of organization, held one of the largest and most successful\\nfairs ever held in this portion of the state. The receipts of the first\\nfair were $2,100. Since then, an amphitheatre has been built, music\\nstand, officers stand, dining hall, a building for exhibition of fine car-\\nriages, and other necessary buildings. Shade trees have been set out,\\nand everything put in first-class order. The society has given more\\nattention to offering liberal inducements to fine stock than to fast\\nhorses, and has been a decided success from the first. There is a splen-\\ndid supply of water on the fair grounds. The premiums have been\\npaid in full in cash each year, without deduction. The society is in the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0824.jp2"}, "825": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 717\\nhands of men who generally make a success of what they undertake,\\nand the success thus far shows that it is being run on business princi-\\nples.\\nThe Hoopeston Library and Lecture Association was organized\\nDecember 30, 1872, and Hon. Lyford Marston elected president; K.\\nCasemut, vice-president G. ~W\\\\ Seavy, secretary W. Gloze, treasurer\\nS. E. Miller, librarian. The membership fee was fixed at one dollar\\nper year, and had fifty members. The interest in it has not been main-\\ntained as it should have been. N\\nThe Sunbonnet Club is an exclusive society of youngerly ladies,\\nwhich has among its objects the support of a library association. Mem-\\nbership to the library association is subject to an annual fee of one\\ndollar. Membership to the club is not dependent upon a property\\nqualification, but on the expressed will of all the members. All that\\noutsiders know of the qualifications of membership is that a sunbonnet\\nis indispensable, and that the Lauras are very apt to be admitted.\\nWhether the members are all striving for a laural crown is mere con-\\njecture. The officers are president, Addie Reame vice-president,\\nJennie Dyer; corresponding secretary, Laura Fleming; treasurer,\\nLaura Calkins secretary, Laura Smythe.\\nINCORPORATION.\\nOn the 12th of January, 1874, a petition was presented to the\\ncounty court of Vermilion county by W. R. Clark and fifty-six others,\\npraying for incorporation as a village under the act of 1872, with the\\nfollowing corporate limits: the east half of section 11, the west three-\\nfourths of section 12 (23-11), and the south half of the southwest\\nquarter and the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 1,\\nand the south half of the southeast quarter of section 2 (23-12). The\\ncourt entertained the prayer of the petitioners, and appointed an elec-\\ntion to be held at the store of William Brillhart, January 31, to vote\\nfor or against such organization, and appointed W. R. Clark, T. J. Corr\\nand J. S. Dellose judges of such election. At such election 174 votes\\nwere cast, 98 being for and 76 being against such incorporation. The\\ncourt ordered an election to be held Saturday, February 28, for six\\ntrustees for the government of said village, and appointed the same\\njudges to conduct the election. At that election 172 votes were cast,\\nand the following trustees were elected T. J. Corr, J. Bedell, N.\\nDauner, W. R. Clark, S. P. Thompson, L. North.\\nThe board of trustees proceeded to organize b}* electing T. J. Corr\\npresident and J. M. R. Spining, clerk. A vote of thanks was unani-\\nmously returned to L. Armstrong, Esq., for swearing the trustees into", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0825.jp2"}, "826": {"fulltext": "18\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\noffice. J. W. Hawkins was appointed street commissioner, G. W.\\nSeavy, police constable, and J. S. McFerren, treasurer. At the regu-\\nlar annual election, April 21, W. R. Clark, S. P. Thompson, N. L.\\nThompson, Thomas Watkins, W. A. Brillhart and L. Armstrong were\\nelected trustees; A. H. Young, police magistrate, and J. S. Powell,\\nclerk. The salary of the clerk was fixed at $100. Just how this\\nflourishing village got into the order of cities seems to be a mystery.\\nCertain it is that there is no record of any action taken, by vote or\\notherwise, to get into city organization. Indeed it is said that at the\\ntime of this metamorphosis there was no law on the statute books per-\\nmitting the change from village to city, and that the entire proceeding\\nwas illegal. The only reasonable explanation is that Hoopeston, like\\nthe parliament of Great Britain, could do anything, and it just naturally\\nmoved out from its outgrown position of village, and took orders in\\nthe city line, with a kind of who s afraid bring on your almanac\\nair. The question of its right to do so is yet unsolved. The present\\nofficers (1879) are: A. Honeywell, mayor; W. M. Young, clerk; Mr.\\nBedell, treasurer; H* H. Dyer, attorney J. Miller, A. M. Fleming\\nand Joseph Crouch, aldermen.\\nAt first Hoopeston was three-headed, as has been heretofore ex-\\nplained. The effort of those who had her best interests at heart was\\nto combine these three and condense the business as much as possible\\non Main street, so that now her finest structures are found on that\\nstreet. The buildings which were put up by Snell, Taylor Co. have\\ngone into disuse. The Hibbard\\nHouse, at the time of its building,\\nwas the finest hotel in the county,\\nand the stores are almost all unoc-\\ncupied. The line of Market street\\nhas been pretty nearty abandoned by\\nthe mercantile gentlemen, although\\nsome good stores remain there. The\\nfine bank building built by Mr.\\nMcFerren in 1876 is 24x60, brick,\\ntwo stories and basement. It is a\\nvery neat building, nicely trimmed,\\nand is occupied by Mr. McFerren as\\na bank, and with his partner, as a\\nreal estate office, and by H. H. Dyer as a law office, on the main floor.\\nThe entire basement is occupied by the Chronicle office editorial\\nand press rooms. Above, the Masonic fraternity have an elegant\\nlodge-room. The building cost $5,000, and is the finest building in\\nM FERREN S BANK BUILDING.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0826.jp2"}, "827": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 719\\ntown. W. R. Clark and Dr. T. J. Roof built, in 1877, the two-story\\nbrick double store across the street, west from the bank. It is 50 x 100,\\noccupied by the proprietors below, and by the Odd-Fellows over Dr.\\nRoof s, and as a public hall over Mr. Clark s. The building cost\\n$7,500. Thomas Hoopes, the same year, built the double brick store\\nnorth of the bank. It is 45 x 80, and occupied for stores below and\\noffices above. It cost $7,000. The little city contains a number of\\nother substantial business houses and residences that would appear\\nrespectable in any town in the west.\\nWEAVER CITY.\\nA city which came into being and disappeared without a history,\\nwas laid out by George Weaver where the L. B. M. railroad crosses\\nthe Indiana line. The town plat as recorded and afterward vacated,\\nconsisted of four blocks on the north half of section 6 (23-10).\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nWatts Finley, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Dearborn county,\\nIndiana, on the 4th of November, 1833. He is the son of David and\\nNancy (Miller) Finley. His parents removed the same year to this\\ncounty and settled near Catlin. In the spring of 1846 his older brother,\\nDavid, enlisted in Capt. Lewis Payne s company of an Indiana regi-\\nment; fought at Buena Yista, Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo; died at\\nPuebla of scarlet fever in March, 1847. In the spring of 1855, he, in\\ncompany with his brother Miller and his sister Nancy (now Mrs. Sam-\\nuel Frazier, of Danville), settled on a farm of two hundred acres, in\\nsections 24 and 25, town 23, range 12, where he now lives. He has\\nmade stock-raising his principal business, and has been successful in\\naccumulating a handsome property. He is one of the substantial and\\nsterling citizens of Grant township, and is held in universal esteem.\\nHe was married on the 17th of April, 1859, to Miss Margaret Davis,\\ndaughter of Amaziah Davis, deceased. She was born on the 16th of\\nApril, 1834. They have three children David, born on the 29th of\\nAugust, and died on the 30th of September, 1860 Mary, born on the\\n25th of February, 1863 Charles, born on the 6th of September, 1867.\\nMr. Finley owns seven hundred and forty acres of land, worth $26,000.\\nHe is a republican. Mrs. F. is a member of the M. E. church.\\nJames W. Smith, Rossville, merchant, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 18th of December, 1833, and is a son of William and\\nCatherine (Yeazel) Smith. He was brought up to till the soil. When\\neighteen years old he moved to Edgar county, Illinois, and in 1869, to\\nLabette county, Kansas, returning to Edgar county in 1872. He re-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0827.jp2"}, "828": {"fulltext": "720 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nturned to his native county on the 1st of January, 1879, establishing his\\nhome in Rossville, where he is at present employed in the store owned\\nby his brother, John R. Smith. He has followed merchandising six-\\nteen or seventeen yea,rs, most of the time in Grandview, and the rest of\\nthe time at Paris, Edgar county. He has traveled through twenty-\\neight states of the Union and some of the territories. From 1862 to\\n1865 he was deputy provost marshal for Edgar county, under Dr. Wm.\\nFithian. He was educated principally at the high school at Grand-\\nview he was local correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette during\\nthe years 1874-5. He married on the 10th of February, 1852, Miss\\nFrances L. Smith. They have two children living William W., and\\nNellie, wife of John Tate. Mr. Smith is a republican in politics.\\nFrederick Tilton, Rossville, farmer, was born in the Province of\\nQuebec, Canada, on the 5th of March, 1821. He is the son of Abiel\\nF. and Cynthia (Thompson) Tilton, and was descended from English\\nblood. Three brothers named Tilton came from England about two\\nhundred years ago: one of them settled in New Hampshire, one in\\nVirginia, and the other, it is thought, in Pennsylvania. About 1812\\nhis parents went to Canada to make themselves a home; his father Mas\\na native of New Hampshire and his mother of Massachusetts. In the\\nspring of 1835 he emigrated with his parents to Medina county, Ohio,\\nand the next spring they continued their removal to Illinois, and lo-\\ncated in Danville. In the fall of 1838 his mother died and the family\\nwas broken up and scattered his two sisters returned to Canada to\\nlive with their aunt. In the winter of 1839-40 he and his brother\\nDavid carried the mails between Danville and the Buckhorn tavern,\\nfive miles north of Bunkum, in Iroquois county. There was unusually\\ngood sledding at that time, and they drove a sleigh sixty miles a da} 7\\nfor six weeks his brother driving from Danville to Milford, and he\\nfrom Milford to the Buckhorn and return. About 1842 his father\\nmoved up on the Middle Fork, ten miles northwest of Danville, in the\\npresent limits of Blount township. In the spring of 1853 he settled\\nwhere he now lives in Grant township, section 29, town 23, range 12,\\nHe has a fine farm of six hundred acres, valued at $18,000. He has\\nbeen principally engaged in stock-raising. He has been supervisor of\\nGrant township two terms, and is one of its most highly-respected and\\nsubstantial citizens. He is liberal in his political opinions, but inclines\\nto independence of all parties. He was married on the 15th of April,\\n1846, to Affa K. Horton, daughter of David Horton, of Habersham\\ncounty, Georgia. They have eight children Mary, George, Sarah,\\nJane, Charles, Alice, James, Jesse.\\nJohn R. Smith, Rossville, merchant, was born in Vermilion county,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0828.jp2"}, "829": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 721\\nIllinois, on the 1st of March, 1836, and is the son of William W. and\\nCatherine (Yeazel) Smith. Pie was reared amidst the surroundings of\\nagricultural life; moved into Ross township in 1851; attended school\\nat the academy at Galesburg, Illinois, during the school year of 1856-7.\\nSince that time he has been employed in merchandising, farming, hotel-\\nkeeping and mail-carrying. At present he keeps a general store and\\nis doing a good business in Rossville; is affable, accommodating and\\ngentlemanly. He has been constable in Grant and Ross townships col-\\nlector in the latter two terms, and deputy sheriff under Lyons Parker.\\nHe was married on the 3d of March, 1859, to Josephine R. Stewart.\\nThey have five living children: Ellen Minerva, Alfred F., Herbert,\\nJesse, Harry. He is a republican. Mrs. Smith is a member of the\\nPresbyterian church.\\nAlbert Comstock, Rossville, farmer, was born in Lennox, Massa-\\nchusetts, on the 7th of September, 1807. His parents were Stephen\\nand Clarissa (Sheldon) Comstock. When he was ten years old his\\nfather moved to New York and settled between Canandaigua and\\nGeneva. After a residence of six years in that place he went to Cha-\\ntauqua county, Pennsylvania. In May, 1837, the subject of this sketch\\ncame to Illinois, and after stopping a while at Danville, settled on the\\nNorth Fork near Mann s Chapel, and first improved the farm which he\\nafterward sold to Clark Green, who now owns it. Six years later he\\nbegan the improvement of the farm on which the Red-top school-house\\nstands, selling the same in 1851 to Alvan Gilbert, by whom it was\\nsold to Thomas R. Winning, its present owner. He next improved\\nwhere he now lives, on the southwest quarter of section 4, town 22,\\nrange 12, moving on the place in the above-mentioned year. He was\\nmarried on the 17th of April, 1828, to Roxanna Fish, who was born on\\nthe 18th of March, 1809, and died on the 11th of December, 1836 mar-\\nried second time on the 7th of August, 1837, to Rhoda Ann Green, who\\nwas born on the 10th of May, 1819. They have eleven children living\\nand dead Samuel, born on the 18th of May, 1829, died the 30th of the\\nsame month Charles, born on the 9th of May, 1832 Mary Jane, born\\non the 31st of July, 1834; Ephraim, born on the 28th of November,\\n1836, died on the 17th of May, 1837 Benjamin C, born on the 8th\\nof August, 1842, died on the 13th of September, 1846 Ira, born on\\nthe 28th of February, 1S44, died on the 27th of July, 1862; Guy, born\\non the 28th of February, 1844, died on the 27th of November, 1864;\\nClarissa, born on the 12th of December, 1847; Perlina, born on the\\n8th of January, 1850; Albert, born on the 30th of May, 1853; Lewis,\\nborn on the 2d of March, 1856. All the living children are settled\\nwithin one and one-fourth miles of the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs.\\n46", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0829.jp2"}, "830": {"fulltext": "722 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nComstock have been faithful laborers in the vineyard of their Lord\\nand Master for fifty years they and five of their children are mem-\\nbers of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Comstock owns two hundred\\nacres of land worth $8,000. He is a republican.\\nBenjamin F. Stites, Hoopeston, cabinet-maker and furniture dealer,\\nwas born in Cincinnati, on the 20th of July, 1833, and is a son of Ben-\\njamin and Susan (Stewart) Stites. In the spring of 1837 his parents\\nemigrated to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled in Blount town-\\nship, at the Rickart Corners. The next year they moved and located\\ntwo miles south of Myersville lived there till 1857, and then went to\\nPaxton, Ford county, where his father died, on the 6th of December,\\n1860. His mother still resides there. The subject of this sketch went\\nto Paxton to live in the winter of 1853-4; farmed the first year; in\\n1855 set up a store on the prairie and sold goods eighteen months. In\\nthe fall of 1856 he sold out, and emigrated to Benton county, Arkan-\\nsas worked there at carpentering, milling and farming. He invested\\nin six hundred acres of land. Immediately after the presidential elec-\\ntion of 1860 he narrowly escaped by stratagem, with his family, from\\nthe toils of the fire-eaters, and came north, abandoning and losing all\\nhis property. In 1861 he went into the furniture business in Paxton,\\nand in the fall of 1871 moved to Hoopeston. He worked two years at\\ncarpentering, and then opened a furniture store, which he still keeps,\\nin connection with his manufacturing and undertaking. He is serving\\nhis second term as town clerk of Grant township. He was married on\\nthe 15th of June, 1859, to Martha A. Dunn. He has nine living chil-\\ndren Frances E., Charles A., Benjamin A., Carrie Louisa, William H.,\\nSamuel, Susan, Katie and Martha A. In politics he is a greenbacker.\\nJames A. Cunningham, Hoopeston, farmer and stock-dealer, was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 22d of June, 1843. He is\\nthe youngest son of James and Mary Ann (Andrews) Cunningham.\\nHe was reared a farmer, and obtained his schooling at Evans Union\\nCollege, State Line City, Indiana. In the winter of 1864-5 he pursued\\nstudies in bookkeeping at the Commercial College at La Fayette. In\\nAugust, 1862, he enlisted in the 125th 111., but was rejected by the\\nexamining surgeon. He was married on the 4th of April, 1865. to\\nMiss Mary R. Scott, adopted daughter of Thomas Hoopes, an old and\\nhighly esteemed citizen of Vermilion county. Mrs. Cunningham was\\nborn on the 9th of April, 1844. In the summer of 1865 he settled in\\nState Line City, and opened a grocery slore; he soon after added a\\nstock of drugs, and after a year of business sold out to George Dunn.\\nHe then engaged in stock dealing a short time, and early in 1867\\nmoved into Grant township and settled where he now resides. He has", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0830.jp2"}, "831": {"fulltext": "(tRant township. 723\\nbeen president of the Hoopeston District Agricultural Society since\\n1874. This society has held a number of distinguished fairs, and has\\nacquired a reputation unsurpassed by any of equal age, and by few-\\nolder ones, in the state. This success is traced to the ability, energy\\nand enterprise of its thorough-going and practical officers. Mr. C. has\\nalways been a heavy farmer and stock-dealer, and is one of the most\\nliberal, substantial and honored citizens of Grant township. They have\\nfive children Frank H, born on the 18th of January, 1866: Anna S.,\\nborn on the 19th of April, 1868 Bertie M., born on the 1st of May,\\n1870 Harry, born on the 21st of May, 1872 Walter, born on the 21st\\nof September, 1873, died on the 9th of November, 1878. He owns one\\nthousand acres of land, worth $30,000. His political views are repub-\\nlican.\\nJohn Villars, the grandfather of James W. Villars, of Rossvilie.\\ncame from England in 1740, with a colony of Dissenters, and settled\\nin Pennsylvania, where he married. He and a brother were soldiers\\nof the revolution. The latter was killed at Bunker Hill. In 1806 the\\ngrandfather of the subject of this sketch emigrated from Washington\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, and coming down the Ohio on a flat-boat, reached\\nCincinnati in the spring of that year. He settled in Clinton county,\\nwhere he lived and died. William, the father of the subject of this\\nsketch, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on the 31st of\\nAugust, 1802. He married Ruth Whittaker, on the 14th of February,\\n1822; lived in Clinton county, Ohio, till 1843, when he removed with\\nall his family to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled four miles east\\nof Danville, on the place now owned by William Cast, his son-in-law.\\nJames was born on the 3d of July, 1825, in Clinton county, Ohio, and\\nwas raised a farmer. He was married on the 25th of December, 1844,\\nto Rebecca Villars. In 1866 he sold his farm and moved to State Line\\nCity, and engaged in the mercantile business, first hardware, and\\nafterward drugs, and sold out in 1872. In 1870 he made a trip to\\nCalifornia, and two years later returned again to the Pacific coast, and\\ntraveled in California, Oregon and Washington Territory. From April,\\n1874, to October, 1875, he was business manager of the Vermilion\\nCounty Grange Company s store, in Danville. During his residence\\nin Newell township he filled the offices of constable, town clerk and\\nschool trustee of town 20, range 11. In 1878 he moved into Grant\\ntownship, where he owns two hundred and eighty acres of land, worth\\n$7,000. He has two sons, Ambrose and George. His wife is a mem-\\nber of the M. E. church, and he was formerly. In politics he is a\\ngreenbacker.\\nBenjamin Ford, Rossvilie, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ross", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0831.jp2"}, "832": {"fulltext": "724 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 16th of December, 1818, and is the son of William\\nand Sarah (Yokem) Ford. When he was eleven his parents removed to\\nLa Fayette, Indiana; lived there a number of years, and went thence\\nto Fulton count} 7 Illinois. After a residence of several years there\\nthey all moved back to Indiana, and located near Lebanon. Here the\\nsubject of this sketch was married to Abigal Fleming, on the 14th of\\nAugust, 1842. In the spring of 1844 he moved into the present limits\\nof Grant township, renting from place to place for six years, when he\\nhad accumulated enough to buy a land warrant, with which he entered\\nthe northeast quarter of section 1, town 22, range 11. He began very\\npoor, and his progress at first was slow, but by industry and frugality\\nhas accumulated a large property, and is now one of the substantial\\nfarmers of Grant township. By successive purchases he has increased\\nhis homestead to eight hundred and forty-eight acres has always com-\\nbined stock-raising with his farming operations. He has ten children:\\nArthur, Betsy Jane, James, Rebecca, Leander, William H., Jeremiah\\n(dead), Benjamin F., Mary R. Mr. Ford owns one thousand acres of\\nland, worth $29,000. He is a republican in politics.\\nWilliam Warren, Rossville, farmer, was born in Bedfordshire, Eng-\\nland, on the 16th of March, 1829 and is the son of Thomas and Mary\\n(King) Warren. In 1848 he emigrated to America and settled near Ross-\\nville, Vermilion county, Illinois. When he arrived here he had but $5,\\nwhich he equally divided with a less fortunate comrade. He was $110\\nin debt, which sum he paid in labor at $9.25 per month, having hired\\nfor a year at that rate before leaving England. At the end of two and\\na half years he bought ten acres of timber and paid for it. He worked\\nhard at herding and feeding cattle, buying pieces of land as he accumu-\\nlated money enough for the purpose. He owns four hundred and twen-\\nty-five acres, two hundred and sixty-five lying on the Middle Fork, in the\\ntownship of that name, and the balance adjoining Rossville on the east,\\nin Grant township, the whole worth $11,000. He used to be engaged\\na great deal in teaming hauled produce to Chicago and returned with\\nmerchandise to Danville, for which he received twenty-five cents per\\nhundredweight. A large part of the material used in the erection of\\nbuildings in Rossville was transported by his teams from Danville,\\nPaxton, Attica and State Line City. He was married on the 4th of De-\\ncember, 1853, to Mary Ann Whitesitt, who was born on the 29th of\\nOctober, 1837. They have thirteen children Mary S., born on the 25th\\nof January, 1855; Florence V., born on the 2d of September, 1856;\\nEdith T., born on the 11th of January, 1858; Augustus O., born on the\\n21st of March, 1859; Olive J., born on the 6th of February, 1861;\\nJohn T., born on the 1st of February, 1863; an infant born and died", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0832.jp2"}, "833": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 725\\nin October, 1864; Herbert D., born on the 21st of June, 1867 William\\nW., born on the 15th of March, 1869; Elzie, born on the 20th of May,\\n1871; George Wesley, born on the 5th of June, 1873; Clarence I).,\\nborn on the 27th of April, 1875 Bertha May, born on the 14th of\\nFebruary, 1877. He is an independent in politics.\\nJonathan Prather, Rossville, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nIndiana, on the 3d of May, 1845. His parents were Nehemiah and\\nEveline (Miller) Prather. He settled with his father in this county\\nabout 1848, on land now owned by Geo. Miller in Ross township. He\\nhas lived in Vermilion county all the time since, except the two years of\\n1868-9 spent in Missouri and Kansas. He enrolled in Co. A, 3d Ind.\\nCav., on the 16th of September, 1863, and mustered out at Indianapo-\\nlis on the 7th of August, 1865 served in the 3d division 1st cavalry\\ncorps,- first under Wilson and next under Custer, as division com-\\nmanders participated in the bold raid of Gen. Kilpatrick, begun on\\nthe 28th of February, 1864, for the release of Union prisoners in Rich-\\nmond in Sheridan s raid against the enemy s communications with\\nRichmond, which was begun on the 9th of May, 1864; and in the raid\\nof Gen. Wilson on the Weldon, South-side and Danville railroads, be-\\ngun on the 22d of June, 1864; fought at the Wilderness and Spott-\\nsylvania Court House, and under Sheridan in the battles of Winchester\\nand Cedar Creek, and did an immense amount of scouting, skirmishing\\nand fighting incident to the cavalry arm of the service, closing his active\\nmilitary life with the grand review of the army of the Potomac at\\nWashington, D. C, on the 23d of May, 1865. He was married on the\\n13th of August, 1872, to Tabitha E. Miller, who died on the 15th of\\nApril, 1877 married again on the 3d of March, 1878, to Mary A.\\nSegear. Mr. Prather owns one hundred and sixty acres of land valued\\nat $5,000. He is a greenbacker in politics.\\nThomas Armstrong, Rossville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nMadison county, Ohio, on the 18th of April, 1826. His parents were\\nRobert and Elizabeth (Earl) Armstrong. In 1848 he removed to Illi-\\nnois and lived two years in the western part of the state. In 1850 he\\nsettled on his present farm one mile west of Rossville, Vermilion\\ncounty. Married on the 24th of August, 1850, to Nancy Smith, who\\ndied on the 23d of November, 1878. He has been for many years ex-\\ntensively engaged in farming and the stock business; and in addition to\\nthese is at present operating a factory which he erected on his farm two\\nyears ago for the manufacture of drain tile. He has, in that time,\\nturned out three hundred thousand tile, and laid down on his own farm\\ntwenty-two miles of drain, besides ten miles for other people. He has\\ndemonstrated the wisdom and econom} 7 of under-drainage. He has", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0833.jp2"}, "834": {"fulltext": "726 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nample facilities for a large manufacture. The first donations of land to\\nencourage improvements in Rossville, were made to Mr. Armstrong by\\nAlvan Gilbert and Parker Satterthwait, and he is entitled to the credit\\nof founding that superior town. He exerted himself with untiring dil-\\nigence in behalf of the educational interests of the place, and together\\nwith one or two others, was chiefly instrumental in causing the erection\\nand final extension and improvement of the commodious and tasteful\\nbrick structure now devoted to the instruction of the youth of Ross-\\nville and the surrounding country. He has been a director of the\\nschool continuously for twenty years prior to April, 1879. He was\\nassociated with Henry Armstrong in the laying out of Armstrong sta-\\ntion, on the Havana, Rantoul Eastern railroad (narrow gauge), where\\nhe has a body of eight hundred acres of land. He has four living chil-\\ndren Isabel, wife of Calvin Lamb Thomas J., James L., Catherine M.\\nMr. Armstrong owns 2,280 acres of land, worth $80,000. His political\\nviews are republican.\\nAddison M. Davis, Rossville, farmer and magistrate, was born in\\nMuskingum county, Ohio, near Zanesville, on the 9th of January, 1833.\\nHe is the son of Amaziah and Emily (Berry) Davis. He came to Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, with his parents in the fall of 1851, and settled\\non a farm near Rossville. He received a fair education at the graded\\nschool in Adelphi, Ohio. At the age of twenty he commenced teaching\\nschool, and pursued this vocation nine years. He was married in 1856 to\\nSarah J. Helmick. He was assistant internal revenue assessor for the\\nnorthern part of Vermilion county, Illinois, from the passage of the\\nlaw creating the office until the fall of 1865. He has held numerous\\ntownship offices, and been constantly in local public business the past\\ntwenty years; has been town clerk and assessor both of Grant and\\nRoss, and has held the office of justice of the peace continuously for\\nthirteen T ears. In the meantime he has directed operations upon his\\nfarm. He has been a member of the Masonic order .twelve years.\\nHe is independent in politics. He has six living children Virgil C,\\nEmily B., Robert B., H. Winter, Rebecca and Lucy L. Mr. Davis\\nowns eighty acres of land worth $4,000.\\nCharles Wolverton, Hoopeston, farmer and carpenter, was born\\nnear Perry sville, Vermilion county, Indiana, on the 17th of August,\\n1837, and is a son of Abel and Anna (English) Wolverton, who had\\nfive sons and two daughters. His father served fourteen days in the\\nwar of 1812; he volunteered, and was marching with a detachment\\nof six hundred men for Detroit when the news of Hull s surrender\\nwas received. He commanded a corps of one hundred and fifty men at\\nthe reception of Gen. La Fayette, at Cincinnati, in June, 1824. He", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0834.jp2"}, "835": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 727\\nwas for a long time colonel of militia in Indiana, under commission\\ngranted by Gov. Whitcomb. In 1850 he entered one hundred and\\nsixty acres of land in Vermilion county, Illinois, being the N. E.\\nsection 18, town 23, range 11. He soon after bought one hundred\\nand sixty acres more, and finally augmented the area to four hun-\\ndred. His family came and occupied the land in 1851. The subject\\nof this sketch learned the carpenter s trade before and during the war.\\nHe enlisted at Bloomington on the 18th of June, 1862, for three months,\\nin Co. H, 70th 111. Vols., Col. O. H. Reeves. This regiment did gar-\\nrison duty most of the time at Camp Butler, Springfield, and at Alton\\nalso furnished numerous details for guarding prisoners while in transit.\\nHe was mustered out at Alton on the 23d of October, 1862. His\\nbrother George was enrolled in Co. D, 20th Ind. Vols, at the beginning\\nof the war. He served under Gen. Kearny throughout McClellan s\\nmemorable peninsula campaign, bearing an honorable part on the\\nbloody fields of Fair Oaks and the Seven Days battles. He was mor-\\ntally wounded on the 6th of May, 1864, at the Wilderness, and died\\non the 19th at Finley Hospital, Washington City. Altogether he was\\nin twenty actions. Mr. Wolverton was married on the 8th of May,\\n1864, to Mary Ralph, who was born on the 30th of July, 1849. They\\nhave had eight children George L., born on the 1st of January, 1866\\nCharles T., born on the 5th of May, 1867 Thomas L., born on the 1st\\nof December, 1868, died on the 23d of August, 1869; Louis R., born\\non the 5th of February, 1871 John P., born on the 16th of February,\\n1874 Anna S., born on the 21st of February, 1877 Mary, born on the\\n13th of June, 1878, died on the 2d of July, 1878; Joseph, born on the\\n11th of July, 1879. Mr. Wolverton owns sixty acres worth $2,500.\\nHis political views are republican.\\nThomas Williams, Hoopeston, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nHarrison county, Ohio, on the 29th of November, 1828, and is the son\\nof Nathan and Sarah (Hoopes) Williams. His parents were natives\\nof Pennsylvania. In 1847 he went to Sandusky Plains, Marion county,\\nOhio, were he lived six or seven years, working by the month for his\\nuncle, Thomas Hoopes, tending sheep. In the fall of 1853 he came to\\nthis county wintered four hundred sheep the next spring added\\nfour hundred more rented a farm of his uncle Hoopes, giving him a\\nshare of all his profit. This he continued two years; then preempted\\none hundred and sixty acres two miles west of Buckley, in Iroquois\\ncounty; ran an ox-breaking team three years; in 1859, having been\\nbroken up by paying security debts, returned to Vermilion county to\\nlive. He was married on the 9th of June, 1859, to Lavina McFarland,\\nwho was born on the 22d of April, 1841. From 1860 to 1868 he rented", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0835.jp2"}, "836": {"fulltext": "728 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nland of his uncle. In the former year, by borrowing money and hir-\\ning teams of the same patron, and buying and grazing cattle, he cleared\\n$600; the next year $1,000. From that time on his success and re-\\ncovery were steady and rapid. On the 25th of November, 1870, he\\nwas run over by a loaded runaway team, breaking his leg, and crushing\\nthe bone in a very serious manner. Since that casualty he has been\\nincapacitated for manual labor. He has held the offices of highway\\ncommissioner and trustee of schools in Grant township. He has five\\nchildren Sarah, born on the 23d of June, 1860, died on the 7th of\\nDecember, 1874; Charles, born on the 1st of September, 1861 twins,\\nborn on the 23d of May, 1868, one died on the day of birth, and the\\nother on the 16th of June following; Walter W., born on the 17th of\\nJanuary, 1878. Mr. Williams owns four hundred acres of land worth\\n$16,000. His political views are republican.\\nJohn Williams, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Harrison county,\\nOhio, on the 29th of September, 1832, and is the son of Nathan and\\nSarah (Hoopes) Williams. In the spring of 1854 he came to this\\ncounty broke prairie and farmed, and the third year entered three\\nhundred and twenty acres in section 12, in the present limits of Prairie\\nGreen township, Iroquois county. He lived there seventeen years. He\\nwas married on the 13th of October, 1858, to Elnora Shankland, who was\\nborn in 1841, and died on the 23d of February, 1864 married again on\\nthe 12th of August, 1867, to Jennie M. Harwood, who was born on\\nthe 7th of April, 1844. He was assessor of Prairie Green four or five\\nyears in succession. On the 1st of January, 1864, memorable as a cold\\nday, he froze his right foot while feeding stock, and all the toes had to\\nbe amputated. In April, 1873, he moved to his present home, one and\\na half miles south of Hoopeston. He has six children Sarah E., born\\non the 3d of March, 1860, died on the 16th of May, 1866 Anna C,\\nborn on the 28th of September, 1862, died on the 22d of September,\\n1865; Mary E., born on the 14th of February, 1864, died on the 2d of\\nSeptember, 1864; infant, born and died on the 11th of November,\\n1870; Nellie M., born on the 12th of November, 1871; Charles H.,\\nborn on the 5th of October, 1873, died on the 5th of August, 1 875\\nJosephine B., born on the 30th of August, 1875. Mr. Williams owns\\ntwo hundred and thirty-five acres worth $8,500. His political views\\nare republican. He is a member of the Christian church. His parents\\nbelonged to the Society of Friends, and his father was a preacher\\namong them.\\nJoseph M. Satterthwait, deceased, was born in Berks county, Penn-\\nsylvania, on the 9th of May, 1808, and is the son of Joshua W. and\\nAnn Satterthwait. He came to Illinois in the fall of 1854, and set-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0836.jp2"}, "837": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 729\\ntied on a farm near Rossville, Vermilion county. He was the third\\npostmaster in that place. In the spring of 1862 he removed to Pen-\\ndleton, Indiana, near Indianapolis, and lived there ten years, when he\\nreturned to Illinois and settled at Hoopeston, and resided there until\\nhis death on the 21st of September, 1877. He was always a strict\\nmember of the Society of Friends. He left four living children Mar-\\ntha A., wife of Gideon C. Davis, residing at Fairbury, Nebraska Esther\\nS., wife of J. O. Hardy, living in Pendleton, Indiana; Edith S., wife\\nof Isaac T. Lukens, of Hoopeston and Anna, wife of Emory F. Birch,\\nof Rossville.\\nGeorge Steely, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Fountain county,\\nIndiana, on the 6th of September, 1830. He is the son of George and\\nElizabeth (Emerson) Steely. He lived on a farm in Fountain county\\nuntil twenty-four years of age, and was educated at Asbury University,\\nattending from September, 1852, to June, 1854, taking the scientific\\ncourse, and nearly completing it. In the fall of the latter year he came\\nto this county, bought out Thomas McKibben, and settled where he\\nnow lives, one and a half miles south of Hoopeston. He was married\\non the 22d of October, 1854, to Hannah Hizer. They had ten chil-\\ndren, five of whom are living and five dead. Following are those\\nliving: Harlan M., born November 25, 1856 William W., born October\\n11, 1858; Clara I., born September 4, 1860; Zaidee, born June 3,\\n1864; Mark, born December 6, 1869. Mr. Steely owns six hundred\\nand seventy acres of land, worth $20,000. His father was a soldier\\nunder Gen. Harrison throughout the war of 1812.\\nThomas W. Harris, Rossville, farmer, was born in Woodford county,\\nKentucky, on the 1st of November, 1827, and is the son of John and\\nSarah M. (Davis) Harris. In 1828 his parents removed to Jefferson\\ncounty, Indiana. While living there he went to Clark county, and\\nlearned the tanners trade, which he followed five or six years. In\\n1 852 he went to Louisiana, and w r orked a year and a half as a laborer.\\nIn the fall of 1854 he returned there, and remained nine months. In\\n1856 he settled in Vermilion county, and has since lived in the vicinity\\nof Rossville, and fanned. He was married on the 12th of December,\\n1861, to Miss Jane F. Owen, daughter of Thomas and Mary Owen.\\nShe was born in Warren county, Indiana, on the 21st of July, 1842.\\nThey have had three children Mary Luella, born October 27, 1862,\\ndied December 1, 1871 Charles Henry, born March 31, 1869; Francis\\nM., born July 19, 1874. Mr. Harris is a republican, and his wife has\\nbeen a member of the M. E. church eight years.\\nThomas Keplinger, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 7th of April, 1829. He is the son of Jacob and", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0837.jp2"}, "838": {"fulltext": "730 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nNancy (Dedimore) Keplinger. In 1858 he removed to Illinois, and\\nsettled at Sugar Grove, Champaign county, where he lived till 1870.\\nIn that year he came to Vermilion county, and bought the S. N.W.\\nand the N.W. N.W. section 29, town 23, range 12, six miles S.W.\\nof Hoopeston, which farm is now valued at $3,600. He was married\\non the 10th of May, 1857, to Eliza Shaffer, daughter of Daniel Shaffer,\\nof Fountain county, Indiana. She was born on the 4th of January,\\n1835. They have had six children James, born June 13, 1858 Nancy,\\nborn February 5, 1860 died August 2, 1862 George R., born Sept.\\n1, 1861 Olive, born July 26, 1863 Eliza Ann, born April 12, 1865\\nAndrew, born March 20, 1867. Mr. Keplinger is an old-style demo-\\ncrat. Mrs. Keplinger is a member of the Christian church.\\nOliver H. Crane, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Fountain county,\\nIndiana, on the 4th of March, 1841, and is the son of Joel and Eliza-\\nbeth (Jenkins) Crane. His grandfathers, Jonathan Crane and Absa-\\nlom Jenkins, both served as soldiers in Virginia in the war of 1812.\\nHe was reared a farmer. In 1858 he moved to this county, and lo-\\ncated where he now lives, in Grant township, on the S. S.W. sec-\\ntion 20, town 23, range 12. He was married on the 7th of February,\\n1861, to Charlotte Bowling, daughter of Willis P. Bowling, Esq., of\\nFountain county, Indiana. She was born on the 3d of July, 1843.\\nThey have had nine children Luella, born November 13, 1861 died\\nJune 24, 1863; Clara Belle, born July 10, 1863; died October 24,\\n1864; Elmer E., born May 28, 1865; John N., born September 3,\\n1867; Lilian, born January 6, 1869; Alfaretta, born February 11,\\n1871; Winifred, born December 4, 1873 Morris S., born November\\n2, 1876; Mary Adra, born June 24, 1879. He owns eighty acres of\\nland, worth $2,400. In politics he is a greenbacker.\\nAbraham H. Gernand, Rossville, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Berks county, Pennsylvania, on the 29th of January, 1829, and is a\\nson of Abraham and Catharine (Hain) Gernand. His early life was\\nspent on a farm. In 1852 he engaged in the dry-goods trade in Read-\\ning, in partnership with his cousin, George W. Hain, under the firm\\nname of Hain Gernand. In 1857 the firm sold out, and Mr. Gernand\\nemigrated with his family to Illinois, and settled in Danville. He was\\na year and a half in the lumber trade there. In the spring of 1859 he\\nbought three hundred and twenty acres where he now resides, two\\nmiles north of Rossville, and has added by later purchases, till his farm\\ncomprises five hundred and sixty acres of the finest farming land,\\nvalued at $22,000. His business is largely in stock. He has enjoyed\\na high degree of prosperity, all his operations having been marked by\\nsignal success. He is out of debt is a substantial and esteemed citizen,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0838.jp2"}, "839": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 731\\nand christian gentleman. He was married on the 14th of April, 1857,\\nto Miss Emma Evans, daughter of John V. R. Evans, a well-to-do\\nfarmer of Berks count} Pennsylvania. They have five sons and three\\ndaughters living and one daughter dead. He is a republican in politics.\\nBoth Mr. and Mrs. Gernand were in communion with the Keformed\\nChurch in Pennsylvania, but finding none of that denomination here,\\nunited, in 1859, with the Presbyterian church in Rossville.\\nCharles M. Ross, Rossville, druggist, was born in Cambridge City,\\nWayne county, Indiana, on the 1st of January, 1847, and is the son of\\nJohn M. and Ellen (Hannah) Ross. He removed with his parents to\\nRoss township, Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1859. He attended school\\ntwo years at Thornton, Boone county, and two years at Stockwell,\\nTippecanoe county, Indiana. He engaged in the grocery trade at the\\nlatter place two years next was in the employ of the Singer Sewing\\nMachine Company at Indianapolis a short time. After this he was in\\nthe coal trade with his uncle, J. H. Ross, about three years. He taught\\nschool two winters; then came to Rossville and started in the drug\\nbusiness, which he now continues. Mr. Ross is a republican and a\\nMethodist.\\nRobert D. Purviance, Rossville, farmer, was born in Giles county,\\nTennessee, on the 21st of April, 1817, and is the son of Eleazer and\\nElizabeth Purviance. At. the age of twelve he removed with his par-\\nents to Warren count} Indiana, where he lived thirty years. In 1859\\nhe settled about three miles north of Rossville, Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, in Grant township. He has served two or three terms as high-\\nway commissioner. By perseverance he has acquired an honorable\\ncompetence, and in a truly catholic spirit dispenses his bounty with an\\nopen hand and generous heart. Mr. Purviance is a republican. He\\nowns one hundred and seventy acres of land, valued at $6,500.\\nJohn M. Ruth, Rossville, farmer, was born in Reading, Berks\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 23d of February, 1856, and is a son of\\nGeorge and Catharine (Maury) Ruth. In 1861 his parents removed\\nto Illinois and settled on their present homestead, one mile north of\\nRossville. He was reared a farmer. He has a fine estate of two hun-\\ndred acres, valued at $10,000. He used to be extensively engaged in\\nraising hogs, but since the prevalence of cholera, within the past two\\nor three years, has curtailed the business. He has gratified his desire\\nto travel by an extended tour of the eastern and southern states.\\nWilliam J. Henderson, Rossville, merchant, was born in the city\\nand county of Sligo, Ireland, on the 3d of April, 1831. His parents\\nwere James and Jane (Henderson) Henderson. He came to America to\\nmake his home in 1848, but had previously made several trips across", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0839.jp2"}, "840": {"fulltext": "732 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe Atlantic. On his arrival he set to learning the cabinet trade, in\\nLafayette, Indiana, to be used auxiliary to the furniture business, in\\nwhich he designed embarking. This was in the years 1848-9, during\\nwhich the cholera raged with great virulence in that and other northern\\ncities. The succeeding three years were spent in work at the carpenter\\ntrade. In 1852 he opened a furniture store in Waynetown, Mont-\\ngomery county, Indiana, where he continued in business till 1862,\\nchanging, however, to dry-goods in 1856. He removed to Rossville,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, in 1862, and has since carried on the dry-goods\\nand grocery trade, adding largely to his business by buying and culti-\\nvating an extensive tract of land, and dealing in grain and stock. He has\\nhad as .many as two thousand hogs in his pens at a time, feeding\\nowns a large and complete elevator, and is doing a good business in\\nrunning the Rossville Mills, one of the finest flouring establishments\\nin this section of the country. Mr. Henderson is a live, thorough-\\ngoing business man, well endowed with the three essentials of success:\\ncourteous familiarity, foresight, and push. He was married on the 2d\\nof November, 1856, to Eliza Dwiggins, who died on the 16th of No-\\nvember, 1857. He was married again in October, 1861, to Amelia\\nLittle, relict of John York. She died on the 10th of September, 1869.\\nHis third marriage, on the 17th of March, 1870, was to Kate Scott.\\nThey have four living children Mary, Jane, Fannie and Nellie. Mr.\\nHenderson owns twelve hundred acres of land, worth $48,000. He is a\\nrepublican in politics.\\nWilliam M. Thomas, Rossville, tile maker, was born in Delaware\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 3d of August, 1836, and is the son of James and\\nJoanna (Bobo) Thomas. He settled with his parents in the spring of 1847,\\nin Montgomery county, Indiana. In 1862 he came to Illinois and set-\\ntled on a piece of wild prairie, one hundred and twenty acres, five\\nmiles west of Rossville, which he still owns, and has brought under a\\ngood state of cultivation. The past two j ears he has been living in Ross-\\nville, where he owns and is operating an extensive factory for the man-\\nufacture of drain tile. He was assessor of Butler township in the year\\n1864 married on the 10th of December, 1861, to Mary S. Bennett, who\\nwas born on the 13th of November, 1844. They are the parents of two\\nliving children: Mellie A., born on the 6th of December, 1862; Or-\\ndella, born on the 21st of December, 1876. He is a republican in poli-\\ntics. He owns one hundred and twenty acres, worth $4,000.\\nLyford Marston, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Plymouth, New\\nHampshire, on the 2d of May, 1817, and is the son of Oliver L. and\\nLavinia Magusta (Ryan) Marston. The Marstons were descended from\\nEnglish stock. They were a numerous and prominent family, the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0840.jp2"}, "841": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 733\\ngreater number of whom led sea-faring lives. The subject of this sketch\\nattended the Latin-Grammar school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, one\\nyear then the Newbury Seminary of Vermont two or three years,\\nstudying the natural sciences and literature. In 1835 he emigrated to\\nBourbon county, Kentucky. There he taught school a year and a half,\\ndevoting his spare time to reading law under Thomas Elliott, of Paris.\\nHe was admitted to the bar in November, 1838, at Carlisle, county seat\\nof Nicholas county, where he located for practice. He was married on\\nthe 22d of November, 1838, to Miss Mary Ann Amos, daughter of a\\nhighly respectable and influential farmer of Bourbon county. He was\\nprosecuting attorney for Nicholas county a number of years. He was\\nsuccessful in his profession, but having no ambition for legal or polit-\\nical distinction, he accepted, in the fall of 1843, a position on the edito-\\nrial staff of the Lexington Enquirer, a Henry Clay organ. He main-\\ntained his connection with this until the spring of 1845, when the\\nproprietor failed and the paper went down. He at once succeeded to\\nthe management of his father-in-law s farm, the latter having deceased.\\nHere he led a quiet and uneventful life for several years. The begin-\\nning of the Kansas troubles inspired his pen to active use, and he ad-\\nvocated the anti-slavery cause in the columns of the New York\\nTribune. In 1856, while visiting his native home in New Hamp-\\nshire, he made numerous campaign speeches for Fremont. In 1860 he\\nwas a delegate to the Chicago convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln,\\nand an elector on the republican ticket for Kentucky. At the opening\\nof the war he opposed, in the Tribune, Mr. Greeley s crochet that\\nthe erring sisters should be permitted to depart in peace. In the\\nfall of 1863 he moved to Grant township in this county, and bought a\\nfarm of one hundred and sixty acres. The next year he increased it to\\nthree hundred and twenty acres, which property he still owns. In the\\nfall of 1878 he was elected by the republicans to the general assembly.\\nHe served on the committees on Municipal Affairs, Public Printing\\nand Public Charities. Mr. M. has always exercised his literary tastes\\nby occasional contributions to the press on religious and political top-\\nics. His estimable wife died on the 29th of January, 1879. He has\\nfive living children: Anna, wife of Cyrus Hartwell Mary L., wife of\\nAlmond F. Perkins; Oliver Nicholas, Laura Clay, wife of Jonas\\nDecker Ella, wife of E. B. Row.\\nWilliam Glaze, Hoopeston, flax-seed dealer, was born in Brown\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 15th of November, 1837, and is the son of James\\nand Mary (Phillips) Glaze. In 1845 his parents moved to Montgom-\\nery county, Indiaua, and in 1847 to Tippecanoe county. He was raised\\non a farm, but having become crippled in his left leg at the age of ten,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0841.jp2"}, "842": {"fulltext": "734 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhe was never able to do much farm work. At seventeen he began\\nclerking, which he followed nine years. He was married on the 17th\\nof February, 1863, to Isabel Young, daughter of Jesse Young, a re-\\nspectable farmer of Dayton, Indiana. In November, 1864, he located\\nnear Blue Grass, Vermilion county, Illinois, and after farming there\\ntwo or three years became engaged in his present business loaning\\nand handling flax-seed. He has been employed in this the past eleven\\nyears, and enjoys a constantly increasing trade. In Butler township\\nhe held the offices of assessor and collector from 1866 to 1871 inclusive.\\nIn Grant he was assessor in 1875, 1876 and 1877. He is at present\\npolice magistrate. He served as village trustee before the incorpora-\\ntion as a city. He has been a director of the Hoopeston high school\\nfour years. The efficiency of this institution, and the high reputation\\nit is rapidly acquiring, is due to the sound judgment and fearless action\\nof its officers. He is serving his second term as secretary of the Hoopes-\\nton District Agricultural Society. This is one of the most successful\\nand flourishing societies in the state. He is a zealous temperance\\nlaborer, and the fortunate driving out of the rum demon from Hoopes-\\nton is very largely due to his tireless exertions in that behalf. In 1873\\nhe was licensed a regular preacher in the United Brethren church, and\\nin his sacred calling has since been engaged principally as a local min-\\nister. He has four living children: Laura May, James Alvin, Jesse\\nFranklin and William Orne. His political views are republican.\\nJames W. Crouch, Hoopeston, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nWarren county, Indiana, on the 10th of October, 1842. His parents\\nwere Joseph and Nancy (Watkins) Crouch. He lived in his native\\ncounty until 1864, excepting two years (1857-8) that he was in Prairie\\nGreen township, Iroquois county, Illinois. In 1864 he came to his\\npresent homestead, in Grant township, this county. He herded cattle\\nthe first year for a Mr. Hunter, who subsequently became his father-in-\\nlaw. For five or six years after this the same gentleman gave him the\\nuse of eighty acres of land in the same place, at the end of which time\\nhe was able to buy one hundred and sixty acres for himself, for which\\nhe paid $12.50 per acre. He has made successive purchases, till he now\\nowns four hundred and forty acres of choice farming land, valued at\\n$13,500. He bu} s young stock, and feeds and raises for the market,\\nwhich business he has closely pursued for several years past. The\\nrearing of Norman horses is a branch of stock industry to which he has\\ndevoted much attention recently. His tine farm, which is admirably\\nadapted to the uses for which he has designed it, is advantageously sit-\\nuated, midway between Hoopeston and Arabia, on the L. B. M.\\nrailroad. Mr. Crouch was originally a republican, but becoming con-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0842.jp2"}, "843": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 735\\nvinced that the class legislation of that party was making the poor\\npoorer and the rich richer, in 1872 he joined the liberal wing of that\\norganization. By the course of events, he has gravitated to the na-\\ntional or greenback party, of whose views he is a fearless and irre-\\npressible advocate. He was married on the 3d of July, 1863, to Miss\\nHarriet Hunter, daughter of a respectable farmer and stock-dealer of\\nWarren county, Indiana. She was born on the 9th of September,\\n1815. They have four living children Sarah Annas, born on the 14th\\nof April, 1865 Jessie M., born on the 18th of September, 1868 James\\nWilliam, born on the 1st of January, 1874, and Horace F., born on the\\n23d of November, 1873.\\nEdmund Heaton, Hoopeston, farmer and school-teacher, was born\\nin Coshocton county, Ohio, on the 7th of September, 1853. He is a\\nson of Hugh and Levia (McCoy) Heaton. His mother died on the\\n21st of April, 1861, in Holmes county, Ohio. In the spring of 1863\\nhe came to St. Joseph county, Indiana, and the next spring to Vermil-\\nion county, Illinois, settling in Grant township. Here he has since\\nlived. In 1877 he went to Marion county, Iowa, and from thence, in\\n1878, traveled in Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and JS r ew Mexico, spend-\\ning the season in those places, sight-seeing, for pleasure and profit,\\nreturning in the fall to Vermilion county, Illinois. He has been em-\\nployed during several winters past in teaching school. He is a repub-\\nlican in politics. His great-uncle, Albert McCoy, a prominent lawyer\\nof Missouri, was killed for his Unionism by guerrillas in 1862.\\nWilliam Moore, Hoopeston, real estate broker, was born in Cosh-\\nocten county, Ohio, on the 30th of November, 1841, and is the son\\nof Silas and Mary (McCoy) Moore. He was reared a farmer educated\\nat Spring Mountain Seminary, Ohio was taking a preparatory course at\\nthe breaking out of the war, with a view to fitting himself for the law;\\nvolunteered on the 23d of April, 1861, for three months, in Co. D,\\n16th Ohio Vols., and promoted to orderly sergeant; mustered out the\\nnext August. He was commissioned 1st lieutenant by Governor Den-\\nnison, on the 3d of October, 1861, with authority to raise a company,\\nwhich he enlisted mostly among the students of Spring Mountain\\nSeminary. This was Co. I, 51st Ohio, Col. Stanley Matthews. He\\nfought at Phillipi, Perry ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission\\nKidge and Ringgold. In January, 1863, he was commissioned captain\\nof his company. In the battle of Chickamauga he lost nearly every\\nman in his command. One half were killed and wounded, and a large\\nnumber captured. All the regimental officers of the 51st having been\\ntaken prisoners, Capt. Moore, as ranking line officer, assumed com-\\nmand, and, with a handful of men, bearing the colors of the regiment,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0843.jp2"}, "844": {"fulltext": "736 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nand a stand of rebel colors captured from a South Carolina regiment\\nin the last charge, cut through the rebel lines and safely reached Chat-\\ntanooga the next day. On two particular occasions he was selected for\\nspecial service of a difficult and hazardous kind. He carried out his\\ninstructions with signal success, and was warmly complimented by his\\nfellow and superior officers and the general commanding the army.\\nHe was mustered out of the military service in April, 1864. In March,\\n1865, he settled in Grant township, this county, having bought a farm\\nof three hundred and twenty acres. From 1866 to 1874 he was jus-\\ntice of the peace; from 1867 to 1870 collector of Grant township;\\nfrom 1866 to 1872 school treasurer of town 23, range 11. He bought\\nfifty acres of land at Hoopeston, and had it laid out in the town plat\\nas Moore Brown s Addition. In April, 1872, he moved into the\\nvillage, and has since been engaged in buying and selling lands and\\ntown property. In the year from March, 1874, to March, 1875, the\\nsales of the firm of Moore, McFerron Seavey reached $330,000 is\\na member of the firm of Moore McFerron in the real estate and\\nloan business. Mr. Moore has been a director of the Hoopeston pub-\\nlic school several years. It was through his energy and enterprise\\nthat the imposing edifice belonging to the city, and used for that pur-\\npose, was erected in the face of much opposition. It cost $25,000, and\\nis a noble monument to his good understanding and his able manage-\\nment of the entire scheme from its inception. He has three living\\nchildren Winfield S., Claude H., Cora M. Mr. Moore is a greenback\\nrepublican. He owns six hundred acres of land, worth $18,000.\\nMilton M. Bush, Rossville, farmer, was born in Edgar county, Il-\\nlinois, on the 24th of September, 1845, and is a son of John and Jane\\n(Wallace) Bush. In 1865 he settled with his parents in this county.\\nHe was married on the 2d of November, 1871, to Mary E. Evans,\\ndaughter of the late Rev. Thomas A. Evans. The} 7 have four living\\nchildren Anna M., born September, 1872 Franklin, born October\\n20, 1874; Jacob P., born April 20, 1876; Mertie, born November 5,\\n1878. He owns one hundred and eighty acres, worth $5,000. He is\\na republican, and a member of the U. B. church. Mrs. Bush belongs\\nto the Christian church.\\nAnderson McMains, Rossville, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nIllinois, on the 10th of January, 1840, and is the son of Robert and\\nMary (Groves) McMains. In 1841 his parents moved and settled in\\nMontgomery county, Indiana. In 1861 he went to Mahaska county,\\nIowa, and on the 1st day of September enlisted in Co. H, 8th Iowa\\nInf. He fought at Shiloh, at which battle his regiment was captured,\\nand held as prisoners two months, when they were paroled and sent to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0844.jp2"}, "845": {"fulltext": "/^^^W? fa$", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0845.jp2"}, "846": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0846.jp2"}, "847": {"fulltext": "GEANT TOWNSHIP. 737\\nSt. Louis. On the 1st day of September, 1862, he enlisted for three\\nyears in Co. C, 40th Ind. Vols. He fought at Stone River and Mis-\\nsion Ridge, served throughout the Atlanta campaign, being engaged in\\nbattle at Buzzard Roost, Resaca and Adairsville, and was wounded in\\nthe thigh at Pine Mountain, June 18, 1864. He rejoined his com-\\nmand at Atlanta on the 6th of September; was on the campaign\\nagainst Hood in his invasion of Tennessee was in the engagement\\nwith Forrest s cavalry at Linden, on the 29th of November, and the\\nnext day fought at Franklin, receiving a wound in his left wrist at the\\nlatter place. He was discharged on the 6th of June, 1865, at Louis-\\nville, Kentucky. In the same year he settled in Grant township, this\\ncounty, where he now lives, four miles west of Rossville. He was\\nmarried on the 30th of August, 1866, to Clarissa Comstock, daughter\\nof Albert Comstock, sen., an old and highly respected citizen of Ver-\\nmilion county. They have five living children: Lewis, born May 14,\\n1868; Harrison, born January 10,1870; Nora, born November 20,\\n1871 Guy, born October 7, 1874; Viola, born January 16, 1877. Mr.\\nMcMains owns eighty acres, worth $2,400. In politics he is a repub-\\nlican. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church.\\nJames Grove, Rossville, farmer, was born in Hamilton county, In-\\ndiana, and is the son of Samuel and Ellen (Hays) Grove. His grand-\\nfather, John C. Groves, was an old Indian warrior, and fought gallantly\\nat the battle of Tippecanoe. His father was an ardent Unionist, and\\nzealous supporter of the war. He sent his three sons to the army, and\\nhimself was a member of Col. Morehouse s regiment of Indiana Home\\nGuards, and joined in the pursuit of John Morgan on his invasion\\nnorth of the Ohio River. The subject of this sketch enlisted on the\\n7th of August, 1862, in Co. K, 70th Ind. Vols., Col. Ben. Harrison.\\nHe served throughout the Atlanta campaign was one of the storm-\\ning force which consisted of the 1st Brig., 3d Div., 20th Army Corps,\\nthat captured a four-gun battery of twelve-pounders at Resaca, close to\\nthe enemy s entrenchments, and fought desperately from noon till ten\\no clock at night in a successful effort to hold their position and retain\\ntheir prize. He fought at Peach Tree Creek, which was an open bat-\\ntle, and disastrous repulse to the rebels. He did duty as one of Sher-\\nman s bummers on the march to the sea, and the campaign of the\\nCarolinas, and fittingly terminated his military service on the grand\\nreview of the army at Washington, on the 24th of May, 1865. He\\nwas mustered out at that place on the 8th of June, and disbanded at\\nIndianapolis. He was married on the 3d of November, 1866, to Sarah\\nC. Fred, who died on the 14th of January, 1873. He was married again\\non the 2d of October, 1875, to Sarah Duke, of Montgomery county,\\n47", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0847.jp2"}, "848": {"fulltext": "738 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIndiana. He has three living children Dora, born on the 18th of\\nOctober, 1867; Amanda Ellen, born on the 1st of September, 1869;\\nLaura, born on the 25th of November, 1871. He has an undivided\\none-half of one hundred and twenty acres, worth $1,800. He is a\\nmember of the Christian church. His political views are republican.\\nMichael T. Livingood, Rossville, physician and surgeon, was born\\non the 9th of March, 1825, in Womelsdorf, Berks county, Pennsylvania,\\nand is a son of John and Elizabeth (Treon) Livingood, descended from\\nGerman ancestors. His father and grandfather Treon were both physi-\\ncians. He began the stud} of medicine at a very early age, under the\\ndirection of the former. In the winters of 1847-8-9 he attended lec-\\ntures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating on the\\n28th of March, 1849. He located in the practice of his profession at\\nSinking Springs, near Reading, Pennsylvania, and remained there until\\n1865 in the meantime being for twelve years one of the physicians\\nin charge of the Berks County Alms-house Hospital. He removed to\\nIllinois and settled in Rossville, where he has since resided and ac-\\nquired a large practice. He has been village trustee of Rossville two\\nterms; is president of the North Vermilion Medical Society. He was\\nmarried on the 23d of February, 1852, to Hannah E. Ruth. They\\nhave five living children. In politics Mr. Livingood is a democrat, and\\nin religion a Methodist.\\nJohn Bush, the grandfather of John Bush of Rossville, lived on\\nFreeman s Creek, in West Virginia. Early on the morning of the 24th\\nof April, 1791, he sent his two eldest children, Daniel and Ann, to\\ndrive up the cows. Immediately on their departure his house was\\nfuriously assailed by an attacking party of Indians. The screams of\\nthe children and the shouts of the savages suddenly brought Mr. Bush\\nto his feet, and grasping his rifle, he opened the door. The weapon\\nwas instantly seized by a redskin standing at the threshold, and wrested\\nfrom him. His foe shot him through the body with it, and as he\\ndropped to the floor his wife sprang out of bed to his assistance. The\\nIndian, while endeavoring to drag his body out, was dispatched by\\nMrs. Bush with an axe. Others also attempted to remove him, and\\nshe likewise disposed of five in succession. She wounded the sixth,\\nand lost her weapon by its becoming fast in his ribs, and not being able\\nto disengage it, she then barred the door, and the neighborhood having\\nbecome aroused by the firing and yelling, the discomfited assailants fled\\nprecipitately, leaving the resolute woman holding the fort, with her\\nfive or six children. The two children were carried into captivity, but\\nafter about two years were recovered. The boy died soon after his\\nrelease, from the effects of the severities he had undergone. Mr. Bush", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0848.jp2"}, "849": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 739\\nwas in a fair way of recovery, when, in a paroxysm of laughter, he\\nruptured a blood-vessel in his wound and died. This incident is related,\\nthough differing somewhat in its details, in. an old book entitled\\nChronicles of Border Warfare, a history of the settlement of north-\\nwestern Virginia. The subject of this sketch was born in Harrison\\ncounty, West Virginia, on the 2d of November, 1810. He was the son\\nof William and Mary (McCauley) Bush. In 1811 his parents removed\\nto .Galia county, Ohio, and in 1816 to Warren county. He was mar-\\nried on the 24th of November, 1830, to Jane Wallace. In 1838 he\\nsettled in Edgar county, Illinois, where he resided till 1865, and tilled\\na farm of four hundred and sixty-six acres, which he came into posses-\\nsion of solely as the fruit of his own toil. He labored irregularly for\\nmany years at cabinet work and carpentering, but never fully learned\\neither trade. In 1865 he came to Vermilion county; lived three years\\na little north of the present site of East Lynn, and in 1868 moved into\\nGrant township. In Ohio he was first lieutenant of the Rossburgh\\nIndependent Rifle Company five years. He has served as constable\\nand justice of the peace in different places where he has lived. His\\nwife died on the 7th of November, 1877, aged sixty-eight years, five\\nmonths and ten days. He had seven sons and four daughters. Three\\nof his sons were in the army in the late war: Franklin L., in the 12th\\n111., Col. McArthur, three months; John C, in Co. H, 29th 111.,\\nwounded at Pittsburg Landing, on the 6th of April, 1862, and died in\\nhospital at Keokuk, Iowa, on the 22d of April Daniel M., in an\\nIndiana regiment about two years. Mr. Bush is a republican in politics,\\nand has been a member of the U. B. church thirty-five years. His wife\\nwas an old member.\\nLafayette Goodwine, Hoopeston, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Warren county, Indiana, on the 27th of February, 1846. His par-\\nents were Harrison and Isabel (Charlton) Goodwine. In 1863 he\\nenlisted in Co. K, 11th Ind. Cav. He fought in the decisive battle of\\nNashville, on the 15th and 16th of December, 1864. The previous\\nsummer he had done duty in guarding the railroad between Stevenson\\nand Huntsville, Alabama, his regiment having been assigned the task\\nof protecting that line against the irruptions of the enemy. His com-\\nmand lay at Eastport, Mississippi, in the spring of 1865 from there it\\nwas ordered to St. Louis, and thence, in the latter part of June, to\\nCouncil Grove, Kansas, where it lay till September, when it marched\\nto Fort Leavenworth, where the horses were turned over. The regi-\\nment was soon after mustered out at Indianapolis. In the fall of 1866\\nhe bought one hundred and sixty acres of his father, who also gave him\\nan equal tract, and he settled where he at present resides, on the east", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0849.jp2"}, "850": {"fulltext": "740 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhalf of section 17, town 23, range 11. The value of farm is $10,000. He\\nwas married on the 12th of October, 1866, to Miss Sarah Ann Wagoner,\\ndaughter of a respectable farmer of Milford, Iroquois county, Illinois.\\nThey have two living children Julia Ann, born on the 3d of April,\\n1871 Ida May, born on the 7th of May, 1875. Mr. Goodwine is a\\nrepublican. He is a prosperous farmer. Stock-raising engages a large\\nshare of his attention.\\nJohn C. Grove, Rossville, farmer, was born in Marion county, near\\nIndianapolis, Indiana, on the 5th of September, 1837. He is a son of\\nSamuel and Helen (Hays) Grove. He was enrolled on the 1st of Aug-\\nust, 1862, in the 86th Ind. Vols., Col. Geo. F. Dick. He fought in the\\nbattles of Perryville, Stone River and Nashville, the latter occurring\\non the 15th and 16th of December, 1864 was present at Chickamauga\\nand Mission Ridge, but not engaged. During the latter part of his\\nservice he was in feeble health. At the battle of Stone River a bullet\\nwent through his hat and cut out a tuft of his hair. He was drum-\\nmajor of his regiment about one year, when failing health caused him\\nto relinquish that position. He was mustered out at Nashville, on the\\n6th of June, 1865, and disbanded at Indianapolis. On the 28th of De-\\ncember, 1865, he was married to Huldah Plummer, daughter of Will-\\niam and Mary Ann Plummer, of Iroquois county, Illinois. They have\\nhad four children: Florence, born on the 3d of November, 1867; Le-\\nnora, born on the 5th of June, 1870 Lilly, born on the 7th of Febru-\\nary, and died on the 17th of February, 1872; Drusilla, born on the\\n16th of October, 1873. In 1866, in company with his brother, James,\\nhe bought one hundred and twenty acres of land in section 31, town\\n23, range 12, Grant township. The estimated value of his interest is\\n$1,800. His political views are republican.\\nThe parents of Henry S. Hoover, of Hoopeston, Abraham and\\nMary (Speedy) Hoover, removed in 1831 from Lancaster county, Penn-\\nsylvania, to La Fayette, Indiana, when there were fewer than a half\\ndozen houses in the latter place, and the Indians were as plenty as\\nblackberries. On the 19th of February, 1833, the subject of this\\nsketch was born. In 1846 the family sought a new location at Marsh-\\nfield, Warren county, where they resided eighteen months, and then\\nmoved on a farm owned at the time by Perrin Kent, southeast of the\\npresent site of State Line City. From there, in 1849, they went to\\nOskaloosa, Iowa. In 1854 Mr. Hoover returned, and worked as a\\nhand in the neighborhood of Marshfield and of Rossville till 1862,\\nwhen, in February of that year, he went back to Iowa, and on the 13th\\nof August enlisted in Co. C, 7th Iowa Inf. He served on the Atlanta\\ncampaign was under fire at Resaca, and fought in front of Atlanta on", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0850.jp2"}, "851": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 741\\nthe 22d of July, 1 864, arid a little later at Jonesborough participated\\nin the march to the sea, and the still longer and more difficult cam-\\npaign of the Carolinas, ending his active and eventful military service\\nwith the grand review of Sherman s army, at Washington city, on the\\n24th of May, 1865. He was mustered out at that place on the 13th of\\nJune, and disbanded toward the close of the month at Clinton, Iowa.\\nIn the following September he came to Vermilion county, Illinois. In\\n1867 he settled where he now lives, four miles southeast of Hoopes-\\nton. He was married on the 14th of November, 1875, to Mrs. Ellen\\nForshier, relict of Daniel Forshier. Her maiden name was Stone.\\nMr. Hoover owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, worth $4,800.\\nHe is a republican in politics.\\nJohn L. Starr, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Logan county, Illi-\\nnois, on the 5th of April, 1853. His parents were Shelby and Nancy\\n(Groves) Starr. His father was from Kentucky, and his mother from\\nPennsylvania. The former died on the 8th of August, 1855, and his\\nmother married again to John Brandt. In 1869 the family removed\\nto this county, and settled in Blount township. From this time for-\\nward till 1876 he lived alternately in Vermilion and Logan counties.\\nIn the latter year he moved on the farm he now owns, five miles east\\nof Hoopeston, which he had bought the fall before. It consists of\\nninety acres, situated in section 10, town 23, range 11, and is valued\\nat $2,700. He was married on the 31st of December, 1874, to Miss\\nSophia A. Fairchilds, who was born on the 20th of April, 1857, and\\nwas a daughter of the Rev. Daniel Fairchilds, a pioneer Methodist\\npreacher of Vermilion county, now deceased.\\nPhilip C. McMains, Rossville, farmer, was born in Parke county,\\nIndiana, on the 15th of February, 1835, and is a son of Robert and\\nMary (Groves) McMains. His grandfather, Frederick Groves, was a\\nsoldier in the Mexican war. He was married on the 15th of February,\\n1858, to Nancy Groves, daughter of Samuel Groves, of Lemon county,\\nKentucky. She was born on the 18th of February, 1832. In 1868 he\\nmoved to Waynetown, Montgomery county, Indiana; lived there one\\nyear, and then removed to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled in\\nGrant township. He has eight living children John H., born on the\\n21st of February, 1859 Zachariah T., born on the 22d of April, 1861\\nCharles, born on the 8th of November, 1863 Mary B., born on the\\n15th of October, 1865 Betty, born on the 28th of May, 1868 Willie,\\nborn on the 18th of September, 1871 Frank, born on the 24th of Jan-\\nuary, 1874, and Almira, born on the 7th of August, 1877. Mr. Mc-\\nMains is an independent in politics. Mrs. McMains has been a member\\nof the Christian church about thirty-five years.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0851.jp2"}, "852": {"fulltext": "742 HISTORY OP VERMILION COUNTY.\\nLemuel W. Anderson, Hoopeston, physician and surgeon, was born\\nin Franklin, Venango county, Pennsylvania, on the 7th of May, 1838.\\nIn 1844 his parents settled in Huntington county, Indiana. He spent\\none year at Wabash College, Crawlbrdsville he studied medicine at\\nZionsville, Boone county, under Drs. Duzan Anderson, who were\\nin partnership. In the winter of 1858-9 he took a partial term of lec-\\ntures at the Medical College of Ohio, and in the winter of 1861-2\\nattended a full course of lectures at the University of New York.\\nDuring the same period he took a full course of instruction in the Eye\\nand Ear Infirmary of New York. After the close of the lecture course\\nhe practiced a while in obstetrics, under Dr. Wilson, superintendent of\\nthe Lying-in Asylum. In 1862 he began practice at Huntington, In-\\ndiana; but in eight months re-located at Mount ^Etna, in the same\\ncounty, where he remained nine and one-half years. In 1851-2 he was\\ndeputy postmaster at Huntington, and from 1858 to 1860 occupied\\nthe same position at Zionsville, except the time he was in college; and\\nagain at the former place in 1861. During the intervals he clerked a\\npart of the time in a dry-goods store. In 1857 he worked in a machine\\nshop in Fort Wayne, with the intention of learning the trade, but the\\nconcern broke up and he was thrown out and never resumed it. In\\n1871 he moved to this county and settled on a farm of eighty acres sit-\\nuated four and one-half miles southeast of Hoopeston, which he still\\nowns. In the spring of 1873 he removed to Hoopeston. He is a\\nmember of the North Vermilion and of the Vermilion County Medical\\nSocieties. Dr. Anderson not only began poor, but sadly in debt. No\\nfavorable circumstances attended him from his youth up. He has\\nstruggled with a high purpose and an invincible will. The result is\\nbut natural he now owns two hundred and twenty-seven acres of choice\\nfarming land, valued at $7,000; also twenty-two lots and six houses in\\nthe city of Hoopeston. His superior skill and judgment, and extensive\\nand constantly increasing practice, have placed him in the front rank of\\nhis profession. His eminent success has made him widely known and\\ndeservedly popular; but it is not Dr. Anderson s success as a business\\nman and practitioner which is most to be admired his word is law.\\nThis is not the least of the means which have operated to give him\\na highly respectable and conservative reputation. He was married on\\nthe 24th of March, 1864, to Elizabeth J. Blose, who was born on the 2d\\nof July, 1842. They have eight children William Orion, born on the\\n28th of November, 1866 Norval Otto, born on the 29th of March, 1867,\\ndied on the 24th of August, 1869; George Oscar, born on the 7th of\\nJune, 1869, died on the 29th of May, 1872; Edward Ovid, born on\\nthe 24th of March, 1871 Alfred Oglesby, born on the 11th of Septem-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0852.jp2"}, "853": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 743\\nber, 1872 Thomas Orlando, born on the 24th of May, 1 874 Lemuel\\nOrth, born on the 7th of March, 1876 Mary Olive, bora on the 4th\\nof February, 1878. Both he and his wife are members of the Presby-\\nterian church. He has been an elder thirteen years.\\nDavid Bedell, Hoopeston, merchant, was born at Twin Rivers,\\nManitowoc county, Wisconsin, on the 8th of April, 1854. He is the\\nson of Jonathan and Jane (Pollock) Bedell came to Hoopeston with\\nhis father in the summer of 1871. He received his education at the\\npublic schools of Loda and Hoopeston. He is now chief partner in the\\nfirm of David Bedell Co., in the general merchandising business.\\nJonathan Bedell, Hoopeston, merchant, was born in Cazenovia,\\nMadison county, New York, on the 29th of October, 1827, and is a\\nson of Milo and Hannah (Cole) Bedell. His grandfather, Joseph Y.\\nCole, was a veteran of the revolutionary war. At the age of fifteen\\nhe was apprenticed to the tanner and currier s trade. In 1851 he emi-\\ngrated to Twin Rivers, Manitowoc county, Wisconsin while there he\\nlearned the carpenter s trade. He was employed by the Wisconsin\\nLeather Company four years in tanning leather. In April, 1855, he\\nmoved to Illinois and entered the last piece of land in Vermilion (now\\nFord) county, which was entered while the register s office was at\\nDanville. This was the S.E. J of section 35, town 24, range 8. He\\nlived on his farm four or five years moved into Loda and lived there\\nuntil 1871, when he settled in Hoopeston and opened the first store in\\nthe place. He was at first assistant postmaster in the new town, and\\nopened the first mail that was received, and mailed the first matter\\nthat was sent away. He also made the first payment of cash on lots\\nwhich were sold in the place, it being for lots 68 and 69 which he at\\npresent occupies on Main street. He was the first master of Star\\nLodge, No. 709, A.F. A.M., of Hoopeston. On the 1st of January,\\n1875, he sold his store, and the business has since been continued under\\nthe firm name of David Bedell Co. He was married on the 18th of\\nSeptember, 1851, to Jane Pollock. They have seven children Henry,\\nborn on the 12th of June, 1852, died on the 27th of September, 1853;\\nDavid, born on the 8th of April, 1854 Laura E., born on the 8th of Feb-\\nruary, 1857, died on the 24th of April, 1864 Wilford, born on the 16th\\nof June, 1859, died on the 27th of December, 1863; Jane, born on the\\n20th of January, 1864, died on the 20th of September, 1864; George,\\nborn on the 18th of December, 1866 Maggie, born on the 16th of\\nJanuary, 1870. He is an independent in politics.\\nMiles Odle, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Warren county, In-\\ndiana, on the 26th of December, 1841. His parents were Nathan B.\\nand Frances (Watkins) Odle. He was reared on a farm. He volun-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0853.jp2"}, "854": {"fulltext": "744 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nteered, on the 3d of June, 1861, in Co. A, 15th Ind. Vols., Col. G. D.\\nWagner, and was mustered into the United States service on the 14th\\nat Lafayette. He was engaged at Cheat Mountains on the 12th of\\nSeptember, and at Greenbriar, Virginia, on the 3d of October, 1861,\\nboth of which were federal successes. He subsequently fought at\\nShiloh, Perry ville, Stone River, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, be-\\nsides having a share in a large number of smaller actions. He was\\nmustered out on the 30th of June, 1864, at Indianapolis. He was\\nmarried on the 30th of August, 1866, to Susan Hunter, who was born\\non the 25th of November, 1847, and died on the 17th of May, 1870.\\nHe was married again on the 12th of January, 1872, to Sarah Hunter,\\nwho was born on the 22d of January, 1850,. and daughter of John\\nHunter, a wealthy farmer of Warren county, Indiana. In 1871 he\\nremoved to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled where he now lives,\\nin Grant township, four miles east of Hoopeston, on a farm of one\\nhundred and twenty acres in section 3, which he bought at that time.\\nHe now Owns two hundred acres, worth $6,000. Mr. Odle is a staunch\\nrepublican, and a firm advocate of specie resumption. He has five\\nliving children: Ella Florence, born on the 17th of September, 1867;\\nAnna Rossa, born on the 18th of October, 1869 Hattie Letitia, born\\non the 21st of February, 1874; John Lindsay, born on the 3d of Au-\\ngust, 1875, and Miles Sherman, born on the 2d of November, 1878.\\nThomas J. Bowsman, Hoopeston, farmer and carpenter, was born\\nin Preble county, Ohio, on the 14th of November, 1839. His parents\\nwere James and Rosanna (Strader) Bowsman. His grandfather Strader\\nserved seven years in the revolutionary war without a furlough, and\\nwithout being once at home during the time. His father was a carpen-\\nter, and from him he learned the same trade. Until he was seventeen\\nhe had done no other kind of work. In 1856 the family emigrated to\\nPike county, Illinois, and settled near Pittsfield, where he farmed two\\nyears. In 1858 he returned to Ohio, and finally went to Madison\\ncounty, Indiana, where he enlisted on the 28th of August, 1861, in\\nCo. D, 34th Ind. Vols. This regiment became attached in time to the\\n1st Brig., 3d Div., 13th Army Corps. He bore a part in the opera-\\ntions at New Madrid and Island No. 10 fought at Fort Gibson,\\nChampion Hills, siege of Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi. In the\\nwinter of 1863-4 the regiment was ordered to Texas, but returned to\\nNew Orleans in March and veteraned. On the 13th of May, 1865, a\\nportion of the regiment had a sharp fight with the rebels, and sustained\\na loss of two companies captured. This occurred on the Rio Grande\\nand on the old Palo Alto battle-ground. In the battle of Champion\\nHills the stock of his gun was shattered by seven bullets, but he was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0854.jp2"}, "855": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP.\\n745\\nunscathed during all his service. He was mustered out on the 28th\\nof February, 1866, at Brownsville, Texas, and disbanded at Indian-\\napolis. On his return home he engaged in running first a saw and\\nafterward a planing mill, owning a one-third interest in each. Subse-\\nquently he worked at his trade, but in the spring of 1869 he became\\ninterested in a saw-mill in Preble county, Ohio, which he ran to May,\\n1871, when he removed it to Vermilion county, Indiana, and set it up\\nseven miles southeast of Danville. He operated it till September, 1875,\\nwhen he sold out and bought one hundred and ten acres of land, where\\nhe now lives, in Grant township. He is a stalwart republican.\\nWilliam R. Clark, Hoopeston, hardware merchant, was born in\\nWatertown, New York, on the 25th of October, 1832, and is the son\\nof Raymond and Lucy (Gill) Clark. When quite young his parents\\nemigrated to Washington, Wayne county, Indiana, and in 1840 to\\nAdams county, Illinois, settling on a farm near Quincy. He was in\\nMissouri a year, returning to Franklin county, Indiana, in the spring\\nof 1846. From this time till the spring of 1853 he was steamboating\\non the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, most of the time in the capacity\\nof steward. He started on the 1st\\nof Maj r 1853, for California by\\nthe overland route, arriving there\\non the 2d of October. He kept\\nhotel at Neal s Ranche, in the\\nSacramento Valley, forty miles\\nnorth of Myersville, during his\\nresidence in that state. In Sep-\\ntember, 1857, he returned to Mar-\\nshall county, Illinois, living nine\\nyears in Winona, engaged in the\\ngrocery trade. In 1866 he moved\\nto Gilnian, Iroquois county, and started a hardware store; in 1870\\nremoved his business to Loda, and in the spring of 1872 to Hoopeston,\\nthen an enterprising town just starting. He has continued the same\\nbusiness ever since, and now owns and occupies the finest merchandis-\\ning house in the northern part of Vermilion county. He is serving his\\nsecond term as supervisor of Grant township. He possesses good busi-\\nness qualifications, a firm character, unqualified integrity, and is highly\\nand universally respected. He was married on the 5th of September,\\n1857, to Henrietta Filton. They have two living children Lilie, born\\non the 8th of May, 1864; Georgie, born on the 5th of May, 1866.\\nMr. Clark is a steadfast republican, at this time popularly termed\\nstalwart.\\nCLAKK 8 HALL.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0855.jp2"}, "856": {"fulltext": "746 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nJohn S. Powell, Hoopeston, druggist, was born in New York city\\non the 23d of February, 1840, and is the son of Edward and Harriet\\n(Everett) Powell. At the age of twelve he was indentured to Dr.\\nWilliam G. Wood, of Harlem, in the drug business, and placed under\\nthe supervision of the doctor s brother, James Wood, a thorough\\npharmacist. He served an apprenticeship of five years, during which\\ntime he was required daily to learn a prescribed task and undergo\\nexamination by the doctor. He became by this means a good Latin\\nscholar. When seventeen he went into some of the leading drug\\nstores in the city, where he finished his professional education. In\\n1860 he immigrated to Illinois, and on the 14th of April, 1861, volun-\\nteered in Co. A, 12th 111. Inf., Col. McArthur, for three months. He\\nwas mustered out at Cairo on the 2d of August. In the following\\nmonth he reenlisted in the 30th 111., and was appointed hospital steward\\nof the regiment, and served in that capacity till the expiration of his\\nthree years term, when, in September, 1864, he veteraned. He bore\\na part in the battles of Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh,\\nand the Yicksburg campaign, including the actions at Clinton, Jack-\\nson, Champion Hills, and finally the siege and fall of the Gibralter of\\nthe Mississippi. At the battle of Champion Hills, on the 16th of May,\\n1863, he fell into the hands of the enemy, but was released on parole,\\nwhen he reported in person to Gen. Grant, and requested to remain\\nwith the army till the fall of the city. The general acceded to his\\nrequest, and put him on duty as hospital steward in Gen. Logan s\\ndivision hospital. After the capture of Yicksburg he was ordered to\\nreport to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, as a paroled prisoner of war,\\nwhere he remained until exchanged then returning to that city he\\nwas placed on detached service in the office of the medical director of\\nthe 17th Army Corps. Availing himself of the department library at\\ncommand, he resumed and diligently prosecuted his studies. He ap-\\npeared before the board of medical examiners, consisting of surgeons\\nPatterson, Wilson and Bouschee, and passed a successful examination,\\nand in January, 1865, was commissioned assistant surgeon of the 52d\\nU. S. Col. Vols. He was given charge of a ward in U. S. hospital No.\\n3, at Vicksburg, and also a small-pox hospital. He remained there on\\nduty till he was mustered out of the service, in May, 1866. He\\nreturned to Illinois and engaged in traveling in the wholesale drug\\nbusiness. On the 2d of August, 1871, he stopped in Hoopeston, and\\nin the following winter purchased the store and stock of drugs belong-\\ning to Frank Hoffman, and has continued the business to the present\\ntime, having secured a large and increasing trade. He was married on\\nthe 25th of January, 1874, to Miss Lizzie Webb. They have one child,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0856.jp2"}, "857": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 747\\nRobert Lennox, born on the 20th of February, 1876. Mr. Powell is a\\nconservative in politics and a Universalist in religion.\\nJoseph Dallstream, Hoopeston, merchant, was born in Wenersborg,\\nSweden, on^the 2d of April, 1852, and is a son of John and Elizabeth\\n(Anderson) Dallstream. He received a fair education in the public\\nschools of the country, and spent one term in Uppsala College. At\\nsixteen he was apprenticed to the shoemaker s trade, which he has\\nsteadily followed since. In 1871 he came to America, and settled in\\nChampaign city. He lived there one year, and afterward a few months\\nin Rautoul, finally settling in Hoopeston in the fall of 1872. In 1876\\nhe opened a general boot and shoe store in connection with his manu-\\nfacturing. He was married on the 6th of September, 1878, to Amy J.\\nGiven, who was born on the 22d of July, 1849, in Millersburg, Holmes\\ncounty, Ohio. She is a member of the Christian church. He is a\\nrepublican in politics, and a member of the Lutheran church. He is\\nalso a member of the Blue Lodge of Masons, and of the chapter in\\nHoopeston.\\nJacob S. McFerren, Hoopeston, banker and real estate broker, was\\nborn in Warren county, Ohio, on the 1st of October, 1845. His par-\\nents were William and Eliza (Snyder) McFerren. He received a busi-\\nness education at Bartlett s Commercial College, Cincinnati. His father\\nhaving always followed the mercantile business, he was reared to the\\nsame pursuit. At the age of fifteen he quit school to take a half\\ninterest with his uncle in a store at Level, Ohio, the latter furnishing\\nthe capital, and he conducting the business and sharing one half the\\nprofits, the style of the firm being, A. S. McFerren Co. Two years\\nlater his uncle ^formed another partnership, and commenced operating\\nin grain but a heavy decline and other bad speculations caused the\\nfirm to suspend with heavy liabilities, which so affected the firm of\\nA. S. McFerren Co. that the quite extensive business which the\\nsubject of this sketch had built up was discontinued, and their affairs\\nwere settled up, and all their debts paid in full. In his short, indepen-\\ndent business career Mr. McFerren had made a clear profit of $3,000;\\nbut by the unfortunate speculations of his partner he lost all but $800,\\nwhich so reduced his capital that he was obliged to begin on a salary.\\nSo, in August, 1865, he started west, and located at Paxton, Illinois,\\nwhere he took charge of the books of J. W. Scott, of that place, for a\\nshort time, and afterward found a permanent situation with R. Clark,\\none of the oldest merchants of Paxton, as book-keeper. At the end\\nof a year Mr. Clark s health failing, he offered to turn over his stock\\nof goods to his nephew, A. L. Clark, and Mr. McFerren, and loan\\nthem all needed capital. The proposition was accepted, and the firm", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0857.jp2"}, "858": {"fulltext": "748 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbecame Clark McFerren. This partnership and enterprise proved\\nhighly fortunate. Their trade suddenly attained a basis of substantial\\nprosperity, and their capital steadily and rapidly increased. Mr. Mc-\\nFerren at length determined to embark in banking and real estate\\nbrokerage, and, accordingly, associated with himself T. W. Chamberlin,\\nunder the style of McFerren Chamberlin. They opened a bank in\\nHoopeston on the 1st of August, 1872, and did a remunerative busi-\\nness, passing safely through the panic of 1873, keeping their doors\\nopen throughout that trying period. Early in 1874, owing to ill-health,\\nMr. Chamberlin retired from the partnership. Mr. McFerren s bank\\nis one of the most safely conducted institutions of the kind in the\\ncountry, and its credit is deservedly high. The business transacted by\\nit has constantly augmented in volume. Maintaining his working\\ncapital at a uniform figure, he has judiciously invested the profits in\\nfirst-class farming lands in Vermilion, Iroquois and Ford counties,\\nwhich are now valued at $60,000. He attributes his success to careful\\neconomy, to keeping his own books, and maintaining a close, personal\\nsupervision over the details of his business, and to strictly living up to\\nhis contracts, and compelling others to a like exactness in discharging\\ntheir contracts with him. In the spring of 1877 Mr. McFerren was\\nelected the first mayor of Hoopeston on the temperance ticket. The\\ntown had always been controlled by the liquor interest, but at the end\\nof his term of two years it was cleared of every saloon and groggery.\\nIt is not the least of his merits that he has been a consistent and ear-\\nnest laborer in the temperance cause, and has thus assisted largely in\\nbuilding up the cit} r infusing life into it, rendering it respectable, and\\ncontributing to its good name and reputation. He has been treasurer\\nand director of the Hoopeston District Agricultural Society, and is at\\npresent school treasurer of town 23, range 12. He was one of the\\noriginal projectors of the Ford County Agricultural Society, and is\\nstill a stockholder in it. Having a taste for travel, Mr. McFerren has\\ngratified it by an extensive tour of the United States, from the Atlan-\\ntic to the Pacific, and from the British provinces to the Gulf of Mexico.\\nHe was married on the 4th of April, 1871, to Miss Susie P. Clark,\\ndaughter of P. Clark, who died on the 28th of July, 1871. His parents\\nhave been life-long members of the Universalist church. He is a re-\\npublican in politics.\\nEnoch Ross, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Stark county, Ohio, on\\nthe 27th of December, 1840, and is a son of Isaac N and Nancy\\n(Hewitt) Ross. His parents were native Pennsylvanians, and his an-\\ncestors on his mother s side were Irish. His father was the owner of a\\nlarge grist-mill in Waynesburg, and he raised his son a miller. He", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0858.jp2"}, "859": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 749\\nfollowed this trade until his removal to Illinois. On the 17th of July,\\n1863, he joined the Ohio National Guard for five years, and remained\\na member of that body until the 1st of May, 1866, when he was hon-\\norably discharged. He volunteered in the one-hundred-days service,\\non the 2d of May, 1864, in Co. I, 162d Ohio National Guard, as a\\nmusician, and was mustered into the U. S. service. He did dntv at\\nCamp Chase, Ohio, and at Covington and Carrollton, Kentucky, and\\nwas mustered out at the former place on the 4th of September, 1864.\\nHe was married on the 22d of September, 1862, to Christina Kara,\\ndaughter of Adam Kara, a well-to-do and respectable mechanic of\\nWaynesburg. She was born on the 27th of December, 1841. In the\\nspring of 1868 he removed with his family to Illinois, and located in\\nFountain Creek township, Iroquois county, on land belonging to his\\nfather. He lived there four years, and then bought one hundred and\\nsixty acres in Grant township, Vermilion county, of H. W. Beckwith,\\nof Danville, the same being the southeast section 6, town 23, range\\n12, where he at present resides. He has a tine homestead, free from\\ndebt is an independent farmer and valued citizen. He has one daugh-\\nter: Lorena, who was born on the 22d of August, 1863. His political\\nviews are republican.\\nGarret J. Pendergrast, Rossville, farmer, was born in Jefferson\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 24th of February, 1838, and is a son of James\\nF. and Dorothea (Miller) Pendergrast. His father was a ph} 7 sician of\\nJefferson county. He was reared a farmer, and also learned the trade\\nof brickmaking and bricklaying. In 1856 he emigrated to Keokuk,\\nIowa, and in 1858 returned to Kentucky, and in the fall went to Chip-\\npewa county, Michigan, and entered one hundred and twenty acres of\\nland, living eighteen months among the Indians, but growing weary\\nof his prolonged separation from w T hite men and civilization, he gave\\nhis land to his brother, who lived in that section fifteen years altogether.\\nHe returned to Old Kaintuck, and after a few months went to New\\nOrleans. In 1863 he again wandered back to his native home. Three\\nor four years were then spent in farming, after which he went to mak-\\ning and laying brick in Henry and Shelby counties. He was married\\non the 9th of December, 1871, to Delia Hardesty, daughter of a wealthy\\nfarmer of Henry county, living near Eminence. She was born on the\\n23d of November, 1853. In 1872 he emigrated to Illinois and settled\\nat Rossville, where he continued his usual employments of farming and\\nmaking and laying brick. He and his brother Patrick built all the brick\\nbusiness-houses in Rossville, viz Deamude s, Henderson s and Put-\\nnam Albright s. He has a pleasant home of sixteen acres on the\\nnorthern confines of the town, valued at $1,500. He was identified", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0859.jp2"}, "860": {"fulltext": "750 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwith the republican party for a long time, but for the past few years\\nhas been independent in politics. The Pendergrasts were Irish, and\\nthe Moores, his ancestors on his mother s side, were English. Both\\nfamilies were among the earliest settlers of Kentucky they emigrated\\nfrom Pennsylvania. His great-grandfather, Jesse Pendergrast, was\\nkilled at Boonesborough in attempting to enter the fort while it was\\ninvested by Indians. His grandfather, Jesse Pendergrast, was born in\\nthe old fort, and a brother, Garret J. Pendergrast, for many years a\\nnoted practitioner of Louisville and surgeon in the U. S. army, was re-\\nputed to have been the first white male child born in Kentucky. His\\nbirthplace was also at Boonesborough. Garret J. Pendergrast, uncle\\nto the subject of this sketch, was a commodore in the U. S. navy, and\\nat the breaking out of the war was one of the oldest officers in the ser-\\nvice. His wife was a daughter of Commodore Barron who killed De-\\ncatur in a duel. Austin Pendergrast, brother to the subject of this\\nsketch, was a commander in the U. S. navy. He was lieutenant-com-\\nmander of the Congress when she was sunk by the Merrimac at New-\\nport News. He commanded the U. S. steamer Waterwitch in Ossa-\\nbaw Sound, Georgia, when she was captured, and received a severe\\nwound in the engagement. He was confined in Libby prison eighteen\\nmonths. He, among others, was placed under the rebel guns at Charles-\\nton during the siege of that city by Gen. Gillmore, to check the fed-\\neral fire.\\nErastus D. Crane, Rossville, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nOhio, on the 4th of January, 1834. His parents were Silas and Jane\\n(Romine) Crane. Soon after his birth his parents migrated to Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana; he lived in that and Warren county till 1873, when\\nhe moved to Vermilion county, Illinois, and bought the N.E. -J of\\nsection 5, town 22, range 12, three miles west and three-fourths of a mile\\nnorth of Rossville, where he at present lives. He was married on the\\n3d of February, 1856, to Sarah M. Bowling, who was born on the 6th of\\nMarch, 1839. He was assessor four years in Jordan township, Warren\\ncounty, Indiana. He has eleven children living and dead, as follows:\\nMary Jane, born February 13, 1857; Hannah Alice, born August 26,\\n1858; HuldahElma, born November 28, 1860; died August 16, 1866;\\nWilliam E., born October 21, 1862; Charles, born October 15, 1865;\\nElnora, born January 28, 1868; Ora, born April 23, 1870; Frank,\\nborn September 3, 1872; Clara, born February 14, 1874; Lulu May,\\nborn February 13, 1877; Nellie Florence, born April 12, 1879. He\\nowns one hundred and sixty acres of land, worth $4,800. Mr. Crane\\nis a greenback republican.\\nJoseph Green, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Boyle county, Ken-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0860.jp2"}, "861": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 751\\ntucky, on the 26th of October, 1826, and is the son of Solomon and\\nMary E. (Randolph) Green. In 1849 he removed to Crawfordsville,\\nIndiana. He was married on the 17th of October, 1849, to Elizabeth E.\\nKogers. In 1864 he settled in Prairie Green township, Iroquois county,\\nIllinois, where lie purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres.\\nIn 1867 he moved into Stockland township, and bought two hundred\\nand forty-one acres lived there seven years, and then settled in\\nHoopeston, to avail himself of the superior school there for his chil-\\ndren. He has served one term as alderman, and been a director of the\\nhigh school since the spring of 1875. This school is in the front rank\\nof institutions of its kind, and its high reputation is due primarily to\\nthe wisdom of its officers. His judgment has proved no less practical\\nin public than in his own private affairs. He has four living children\\nWillis T., Titus T., Henry Clay, Lina Ellen. He owns four hundred\\nand one acres of land, valued at $12,500. Mr. Green is a staunch\\nrepublican has been a member of the Christian church since 1844.\\nAlba Honeywell, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Cayuga county,\\nNew York, on the 15th of December, 1821, and is the son of Enoch\\nand Eliza (Dye) Honeywell. When a youth his parents settled in\\nSteuben (now Schuyler) county. He was brought up to the pursuits\\nof the farm. At the age of sixteen he began his education, at first attend-\\ning the Groton Academy two years, and, after teaching a year, con-\\ntinued his studies two years more at the Oneida Institute. He next\\ntaught the Pleasant Valley Academy, and labored in this profession\\neight or ten years. About 1843 he went to Seneca Falls, and, while\\nengaged in teaching, read law in the office of Ansil Bascom. The next\\nyear he went to Rochester, and studied in the office of Gilbert Osborne.\\nHe resided in that city a year, and while there, was a delegate to\\nthe Buffalo Convention, which nominated James G. Birney, the aboli-\\ntion candidate, for President in 1844. From this time till 1847 he was\\nchiefly engaged in the temperance and anti-slaveiy lecture field, and in\\nthe meantime wrote several plays in the interest of the temperance\\ncause. During the same period he contributed a number of poems to\\nthe Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper, and employed his pen variously\\non other papers in writing stories and stray communications bearing\\nmore or less directly on the reform questions of the day. In July,\\n1847, he went to New York city, and became editorially connected\\nwith the Anglo-Saxon, a phonetic publication, Andrews Boyle,\\nproprietors. Afterward, in company with Josiah Pillsbury and B. P.\\nWorcester, the latter a nephew of the lexicographer, he commenced\\nthe publication of the New York Eagle, a reform paper, which was\\nsoon discontinued. In about 1849 he became an attache on the edi-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0861.jp2"}, "862": {"fulltext": "752 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntorial staff of the Standard, the organ of the American Anti-Slavery\\nSociety. During much of the time he was associated with the Stand-\\nard he issued a small monthly of his own, called the Chromo Press.\\nHe was thus occupied till April, 1853, when he emigrated to Iroquois\\ncounty, Illinois, and went on a farm of eight hundred acres, which he\\nand his father had entered the r ear before. He lived there three years,\\nincreasing the farm to fourteen hundred acres. In 1856, having be-\\ncome dissatisfied, he traveled in Minnesota and Iowa in quest of a\\nbetter location, and in the fall went to Chicago and secured a position\\non the editorial staff of the Chicago Daily News, a republican paper,\\nwhich ceased to exist when the political campaign of that year ended.\\nIn the spring of 1857 he went to Logansport, Indiana, and became\\nconnected with H. H. Evarts in his celebrated patent shingle machine,\\nin which venture he lost four thousand dollars. He next formed a\\npartnership under the title of Swan Honeywell, in lumber manufac-\\nturing, which lasted two years. In 1860, in company with Charles W.\\nSimonds firm name of Honeywell Co. he started a plow-handle\\nand bending establishment, but at the end of two years sold out his\\ninterest to his partner. This same factory has since grown to immense\\nproportions. In 1862 he returned to his farm in Iroquois county, and\\nin 1864 was elected supervisor of Stockland township, and reelected to\\nthat office every year until 1869, when he was elected county clerk on\\nthe republican ticket. During the winters that he was on the farm he\\nwas engaged in teaching school, and, during the most of his service on\\nthe county board, was chairman of the finance committee. In 1872 and\\n1873 he bought one thousand acres of land adjoining Hoopeston, a\\npart of the city being laid out on it. In 1874 he removed there, and\\nhas since been engaged in improving his fine estate. Altogether, he\\nowns two thousand acres of land, valued at $80,000. He is at present\\nmaj or of the city of Hoopeston has been a stockholder in, and a\\ndirector of, the First National Bank of Watseka since its organization;\\nhas been prominent in temperance work in Hoopeston. Mr. Honey-\\nwell has written the text of a manuscript work entitled, Philological\\nEncyclopedia of the English Language, embracing, among the many\\nsubjects discussed, phonics, and the institutes of grammar, rhetoric and\\nlogic. He was married on the 3d of April, 1851, to Cornelia R. An-\\ndrews, of Steuben county, New York. They have four living children\\nStella, wife of John C. Cromer, editor of the Homer Enterprise\\nFlorence, Lilian and Sarah E. Mr. Honeywell is a republican in poli-\\ntics.\\nWilliam S. Leach, Hoopeston, gardener and fruit-grower, was born\\nin Lyons, Wayne county, New York, on the 2d of April, 1825. He is", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0862.jp2"}, "863": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 753\\nthe youngest son of Lyman and Candice Stocking, both of whom were\\nborn and reared in Litchfield, Connecticut. He was left an orphan at\\na very early age, his father dying when he was two and his mother\\nwhen he was three years old. He was adopted by Chauncey W\\nMcCall, a distant relation, by whom he was reared and with whom he\\nlived till he was twenty-one. At sixteen he was apprenticed to the\\nprinter s trade, which he learned, but it being too confining for his\\nhealth he abandoned it and went to gardening, which has been his\\nlife-occupation. In 1847 he emigrated to Coldwater, Michigan, where\\nhe was married on the 15th of October, 1852, to Miss Harriet E. Dunn,\\ndaughter of a respectable farmer of that place. In the spring of 1859,\\naccompanied by three men named Douglas, Hunter and Sopries, he\\ncrossed the plains to Denver, Colorado, on foot, they hauling their provi-\\nsions in a one-horse cart from Omaha. They were treated very kindly\\nby the Indians, among whom they passed without molestation, and\\nwith whom they traded every day. This was the first party to reach\\nDenver that spring perhaps a dozen had preceded them the fall before.\\nAt this time there was not a house in the place the few who were\\nthere burrowed in the ground. He helped to make the first mining\\nlaws and to hang the first criminal, who was a Mexican that had mur-\\ndered his brother-in-law he made the first farming claim, a tract of\\none hundred and sixty acres. He went there for the purpose of gar-\\ndening, the Pike s Peak emigration being at its height, but a mid-\\nsummer frost destroyed every prospect for him in that direction and he\\nreturned home in June. In 1867 he moved to Jacksonville, Illinois,\\nwhere he carried on gardening, farming and stock-feeding till 1874,\\nwhen he settled in Hoopeston, where he opened his Prairie Garden.\\nHe has been trustee of the town of Hoopeston, and later alderman of\\nthe city. He is a republican in politics, and has been a member of the\\nMethodist church since he was sixteen years old. He has two living\\nchildren Ida E., born on the 24th of September, 1853, wife of W. W.\\nHobart, of Hoopeston and Eddie J., born on the 24th of October,\\n1859.\\nJohn P. Livingood, Rossville, physician and surgeon, was born on\\nthe 27th of March, 1853, at Sinking Springs, Berks county, Penn-\\nsylvania, and is the son of Michael T. and Hannah E. (Ruth) Livin-\\ngood attended the Reading Classical Academy from 1867 to 1869,\\nthen studied medicine with his father till 1871, when he entered the\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, graduating on the 13th of March, 1874.\\nHe returned to Rossville, where he has since lived and practiced his\\nprofession with increasing success. He is a member of the North Ver-\\nmilion Medical Society. He is a democrat and a Methodist.\\n48", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0863.jp2"}, "864": {"fulltext": "754 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHenry H. Dyer, Hoopeston, attorney, was born in Rutland county,\\nYermont, on the 9th of April, 1831. He is the son of Daniel and\\nPhila B. (Beverstock) Dyer. When seven years old, his parents removed\\nto Richland county, Ohio. He was bred a farmer; was educated at\\nMount Hesper Seminary, in Morrow county, and taught school a number\\nof terms. In 1853 he obtained a position in the Bank of Mansfield, a\\nbank of issue, as teller and bookkeeper. He was married on the 22d of\\nNovember, 1854, to Miss Sarah J. Wescott; next year settled in Callo-\\nway county, Missouri, where, in company with his father, he bought a\\nfarm of three hundred and twenty acres whereon he built a combined\\nsteam saw, grist and woolen mill. In 1858 this was fired and burned by\\none Lewis, at the instigation of the slaveholding community, to punish\\nMr. D. for his anti-slavery views. In 1860 he removed to Denver City\\nand engaged in the commission business in 1861 he went to Nevada\\nCity, and for two years was mining and running a quartz mill in\\n1863 moved to Canon City and bought three ranches; followed farm-\\ning and trading elected justice of the peace and held the office one\\nyear. In the fall of 1864 he went to Denver and embarked in the auction\\nand commission business, taking a partner, under the firm name of\\nClark and Dyer. In the spring of 1867 he came to Chicago, engaging\\nin the hardware trade and the manufacture of tinware in 1870 moved\\nto Greenup, Cumberland county, Illinois, and went into the real estate\\nand contract business; in January, 1875, settled in Hoopeston, and\\nbegan the study of the law privately, which he prosecuted with pro-\\ndigious zeal and assiduity. He began to practice in July following. He\\ndid not relax his studies, and in January, 1877, was admitted to the bar\\nat Springfield. He has secured a very successful and lucrative practice.\\nHe is a nephew of Hon. Charles Y. Dyer, of Chicago, a noted anti-\\nslavery lecturer, who was formerly judge under treaty with Great\\nBritain for the suppression of the African slave-trade, by appointment\\nof President Lincoln. He is the father of four living children. Mr.\\nDyer in his political views is a greenbacker.\\nDale Wallace, Hoopeston, publisher, was born in Laporte, Indiana,\\non the 5th of November, 1849. His parents were John Porter and\\nLydia Ann (Winchell) Wallace. In 1855 his parents moved to West\\nUnion, Fayette county, Iowa, and the subject of this sketch was reared\\nand educated there. He began the printer s trade in 1863 in the office\\nof the Fayette County Pioneer, a violent copperhead sheet which\\nwas published at West Union. This was mobbed the same j ear by\\na lot of returned soldiers, while he was yet working in the office. He\\nnext went to Marion, Linn county, and obtained a place in the office\\nof the Marion Register, remaining there one year. In 1865 he en-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0864.jp2"}, "865": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 755\\ntered Baylies Commercial College and learned telegraphy, graduating\\nin four months. He next went to work on the Cedar Falls Gazette,\\nand was foreman in that office two years; then went to Eldora, Har-\\ndin county, and was foreman of the Ledger one or two years from\\nthence he went to California and Oregon and remained two years\\nworking at his trade in San Francisco, Sacramento, Portland, Salt\\nLake and Virginia Cities. When a poor boy he conceived a passion\\nfor travel, and saved his money carefully during the long years of close\\napplication to his trade to gratify it. He has visited every state in the\\nUnion, except Maine and Texas, and traveled in Montana, Idaho, Utah,\\nWashington and Wyoming. In 1871 he returned from the Pacific\\ncoast to Eldora. A large eight-column newspaper, owned by stock-\\nholders, was being published in that place, and he was engaged to man-\\nage it, which he did three months. Dictation not proving agreeable\\nto him, he gave up his position and came to Hoopeston, and in com-\\npany with G. W. Seavey, established the Chronicle, on the 1st of\\nJanuary, 1872. They sold out on the 1st of January, 1877, to L. F.\\nWatson, and on the 1st of July, of the same year, Mr. Wallace came\\ninto control of it again, this time as sole owner. In February, 1877,\\nhe visited Washington City, and during that and the following month\\nlie traveled extensively in the southern states. In November, 1877, he\\nwas appointed postmaster at Hoopeston, and on the 1st of January fol-\\nlowing took charge of the office, which he holds at the present time.\\nHe was married on the 14th of November, 1878, to Miss Lucy Viola\\nWebb. Mr. Wallace possesses first-class qualifications for his profes-\\nsion. His ability to maintain a newsy, racy and pungent paper has\\nplaced the Chronicle in the front rank of the country press, and\\nsecured for it a generous patronage. He never does things by halves\\nhe contributes no halting support, or interposes no timid opposition\\nhe embraces or repels with energy and resolution. He founded the\\nChronicle before a business house had been finished in the place,\\nand by his spirit, pluck and intelligence has done as much as any other\\nto make the name of Hoopeston a byword abroad, and her reputation\\nfor thoroughness and enterprise a fixed fact.\\nAlfred E. McDonald, Hoopeston, attorney, was born in Chatham\\ncounty, North Carolina, on the 10th of May, 1844. His parents were\\nSimeon and Anna R. (Elliott) McDonald. When very young his\\nparents removed to Clark county, Illinois, and settled on a farm of\\neighty acres, which was subsequently increased to about six hundred.\\nHe volunteered in the spring of 1861 for three months, in Co. G, 10th\\n111. Inf., Col. B. M. Prentiss. At the expiration of his term he reen-\\nlisted in the same company and regiment was employed at New Ma-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0865.jp2"}, "866": {"fulltext": "756 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndrid and Island No. 10. His regiment and the 16th 111., under Gen.\\nPope, bagged six thousand rebels at the latter place. He was present at\\nthe siege of Corinth and the battle of Chickamauga; fought at Mission\\nRidge, and marched to Knoxville; veteraned on the 1st of January,\\n1864, at Rossville, Georgia. He was captured on the 27th of August dur-\\ning the movement of Sherman s army to the rear of Atlanta; was con-\\nfined first at Andersonville, then at Florence and was paroled on the\\n13th of December, and delivered to federal authorities at Charleston on\\nthe 16th. After a respite of nearly three months at home, he rejoined\\nhis regiment at Raleigh the day before Johnson surrendered marched to\\nWashington, and went on the grand review of Sherman s army, on the\\n24th of May, 1865 mustered out on the 4th of July, at Louisville, and\\ndisbanded at Chicago on the 12th. He was married on the 16th of No-\\nvember, 1867, to Miss Mildred Conley. On the death of his father, in\\n1867, the management of the estate devolved upon him. In 1870 he went\\nto Texas, and was employed on a stock ranche. Returning in the fall\\nof 1871, he commenced reading law under Judge A. H. Stutsman\\nstudied afterward with James A. Conley, of Charleston, Illinois, at\\npresent United States district attorney. In the winters of 1872-3 and\\nof 1873-4 he attended the law school of the Michigan University grad-\\nuated on the 25th of March, 1874, and was admitted to the bar at Lan-\\nsing on the 7th of April. Soon afterward he located at Waxahatchie,\\nTexas, but in July, 1875, came north and settled at Hoopeston, where\\nhe enjoys a good reputation and a fine practice. He has one son Cory.\\nMr. McDonald is a republican.\\nRudolphus R. Taylor, Hoopeston, hardware merchant and imple-\\nment dealer, was born in Peoria, Illinois, on the 5th of April, 1842.\\nHis parents were James S. and Sarah (Miller) Taylor. At the age of\\nfourteen he was apprenticed to the tinner s trade, which he learned.\\nIn 1859 he went to California, by the way of Panama lived there two\\nyears worked some at mining, but most of the time at his trade. He\\nenlisted on the 18th of September, 1861, in Co. A, 2d Cal. Cav., Col. A.\\nJ. Smith. He passed his term of service doing duty at Fort Churchill,\\nNevada, and at Camp Douglas, Salt Lake City, and in scouting after In-\\ndians. He was mustered out on the 4th of October, 1864, at Camp Doug-\\nlas, and disbanded on the 16th. He at once started for home across the\\nplains, and arrived in Peoria early in December. He was married on\\nthe 7th of February, 1865, to Miss Carrie Ash. In 1867 he engaged\\nin the hardware trade in Princeville, Peoria county, in company with\\nI. Howell, under the firm name of Howell Taylor. In the spring of\\n1872 they sold out and Mr. T. returned to Peoria, and was employed\\nby the T. P. W. Railroad Company. Two years later he formed a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0866.jp2"}, "867": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 757\\nco-partnership with James Hulsizer, style of Hulsizer Taylor, and\\nresumed the hardware business in Princeville. In February, 1875,\\nthey removed to Hoopeston, and in March, 1877, Mr. H. sold his inter-\\nest to Mr. Taylor and retired from the firm. Mr. T. is still at the old\\nstand, doing a good business. He is an honorable, fair-dealing man,\\nworthy of confidence and patronage. He has two living children\\nJames A., and Minnie L. Mr. Taylor is a staunch republican in poli-\\ntics.\\nJoseph Southwick, Hoopeston, farmer, was born at Hoosac Falls,\\nRensselaer county, New York, on the 1st of August, 1833. He is a son of\\nJohn Wesley and Esther (Chapman) Southwick. He obtained his educa-\\ntion at the high school at Union Village, Washington county, New York,\\nending his studies there in 1854. He spent the year 1855 in Maine, sur-\\nveying and platting the counties of Kennebec and Androscoggin for\\ncounty maps, published by Chase Barker, of New York. In 1856 he\\nwas engaged in the same work in Pennsylvania, for Chase Barker, and\\nsurveyed the counties of Lebanon and Dauphin. In 1857 he emigrated\\nto Woodford county, Illinois, and bought a farm of eighty acres five\\nmiles north of El Paso. In the fall he returned to New York, and was\\nmarried on the 17th of October, to Elizabeth Joy, daughter of John\\nJoy, an influential farmer of Rensselaer county. She was born on the\\n29th of October, 1839. In 1875 he removed to Vermilion county, hav-\\ning bought the W. of section 6, town 23, range 12. He has a well\\nimproved and choice farm four and one-half miles west of Hoopeston,\\non the L. B. M. railroad, valued at $9,600. In 1869 Mr. and Mrs.\\nSouthwick united with the Methodist Episcopal church in Woodford\\ncounty, but the appointment was dropped and the class went down.\\nSince that they have not been identified with any religious society.\\nThey have three living children Merritt A., born on the 23d of Octo-\\nber, 1859; Henry, born on the 2d of November, 1863; Arthur, born\\non the 27th of December, 1866. He is a republican in politics.\\nLucius H. Jones, Hoopeston, lumber dealer, was born in Cleveland,\\nOhio, on the 18th of June, 1839, and is a son of Horace and Mary\\n(Mead) Jones. In 1853 his parents settled at Princeton, Illinois, and\\nthe next year moved to Oneida, Knox county. He lived there till\\n1868, during which time his principal occupation was farming. He\\nthen went to Chicago and lived there seven years, contracting joiner\\nwork. In December, 1875, he located in Hoopeston and engaged in\\nthe lumber trade. In 1877 he formed a co-partnership with A. H. Trego,\\nunder the firm name of Trego Jones, and is doing an extensive and\\nprofitable business. The gentlemen composing this firm are straight-\\nforward, obliging and reliable men. He was married on the 20th of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0867.jp2"}, "868": {"fulltext": "758 HISTOKY OF VEKMILION COUNTY.\\nDecember, 1863, to Miss Frances Bailey, daughter of Benjamin Bailey,\\nthen of Oneida, now of Hoopeston. She was born on the 19th of Au-\\ngust, 1813. They have two living children Bertie, born on the 1st of\\nDecember, 1861; Maud E., born on the 11th of August, 1871. Mr.\\nJones is a republican. He had a brother, William Orlando, in the\\narmy during the late war, who served in Co. 1, 102d 111. Reg., through-\\nout the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea, and the campaign of\\nthe Carolinas. On the march to Washington City he rode off from the\\ncolumn (he was a mounted orderly at the time) to view the Wilderness\\nbattle-ground, but he never returned, and no tidings of his fate were\\never received. He was probably slain by guerrillas.\\nHenry Frankeberger, Hoopeston, druggist, was born in Hendricks\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 27th of October, 1842, and is the son of Samuel\\nand Rhoda Jane (Smith) Frankeberger. He enlisted on the 3d of August,\\n1861, for three years, in Co. H, Harris Light Cavalry. Gen. Judson\\nKilpatrick was lieutenant-colonel, and finally colonel of this regiment.\\nThe subject of this sketch served entirely in Virginia and under Kil-\\npatrick until the transfer of the latter to Sherman s army in the spring\\nof 1864. He did not miss a day s service, and participated in all of\\nKilpatrick s scouts and engagements, including the notable raid begun\\non the 28th of February, 1864, for the purpose of releasing Union\\nprisoners in Richmond. He was captured on the 5th of May, 1864, at\\nthe battle of the Wilderness, and was confined at Andersonville, Flor-\\nence and Charleston, until .March 1, 1865, when he was exchanged at\\nthe latter place. It was two years before he recovered sufficiently from\\nthe effects of his inhuman treatment to do any labor. He has not\\nentirely regained, and never will, his former robust constitution. He\\nwas married on the 6th of September, 1866, to Martitia Swisher. From\\n1870 to 1876 he traveled in the patent-right business. In the latter\\nyear he came to Hoopeston, where he now keeps a drug store. He has\\none child, Judson Kilpatrick, born on the 12th of November, 1869.\\nMr. Frankeberger is a republican in politics.\\nThomas B. Bird, Hoopeston, teacher, was born in Holmes county,\\nOhio, on the 24th of October, 1841, and is the son of Thomas B. and\\nMary (Williams) Bird. He was reared a farmer; received his early edu-\\ncation at Hiram Academy, Portage county, Ohio began teaching when\\nseventeen, and subsequently attended Spring Mountain Academy, in\\nCoshocton county; also a select school at Millersburg. He enlisted for\\nthree months under the first call for troops, in Co. G, 16th Ohio Vols.;\\nengaged in action at Phillipi, and mustered out at the end of four\\nmonths service. He reenlisted in 1862 in Co. G, 102d Ohio, for three\\nyears did post duty most of the time was promoted from private to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0868.jp2"}, "869": {"fulltext": "GRANT TOWNSHIP. 759\\nthird-sergeant, and in the spring of 1863 mustered second-lieutenant of\\nhis company. In the winter of 1862-3 he came home to Millersburg,\\nOhio, on recruiting service; mustered out on the 8th of July, 1865.\\nIn the fall of 1865 he entered upon the classical course at Bethany Col-\\nlege, and graduated in June, 1869. Since that time he has been an\\ninstructor was principal of the Newark (Ohio) High-school four years\\nin 1875 went to California; visited, that summer, the Yosemite Valley,\\nin company of a horse-back party of ladies and gentlemen, who crossed\\nthe Sierra Nevada Mountains, consuming six weeks in the journey.\\nAfter visiting Salt Lake City, and teaching school one year, he returned\\nhome via the Panama route, and was present at the opening ceremonies\\nof the Centennial. In the fall of 1876 he became superintendent of\\nthe Millersburg High-school, and the next year principal of the\\nHoopeston High-school. His reputation as a skillful and efficient\\nteacher is wide and well deserved. A more successful and popular\\ngraded school cannot be found in the state. He was married on the\\n22d of May, 1879, to Miss Mary Strauss. He belongs to the Christian\\nchurch, and is a republican in politics.\\nSamuel Rodman, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Muskingum coun-\\nty, Ohio, on the 4th of November, 1842. His parents were Scammon\\nand Eliza (Wolf) Rodman. His father was for many years an active\\nand exemplary member of the Methodist church. His great-grand-\\nfather was a veteran of the revolutionary war. In 1854 the family\\nemigrated to McLean county, Illinois, and located in Bloomington\\ntownship. He was bred to farming, but received a fair education. He\\nwas in attendance at the Wesleyan University at the outbreak of the\\nrebellion. He volunteered on the 7th of August, 1862-, in Co. D, 94th\\n111. Inf. was mustered into the United States service on the 22d, and\\nstarted for the seat of war on the 25th. The regiment was uniformed,\\narmed and equipped at St. Louis. He fought at Prairie Grove, Arkan-\\nsas, on the 7th of December, 1862, and a few days later at Van Buren.\\nHe served throughout the siege of Vicksburg, taking part in a number\\nof sharp engagements with the enemy. He was at Port Hudson, Fort\\nMorgan, Spanish Fort, Morganzia and Mobile, and participated in sev-\\nenteen battles, all told. He was mustered out of service on the 9th of\\nAugust, 1865, at Galveston, Texas, and disbanded at Springlield, Illi-\\nnois. The first colonel of his regiment was W. W. Orm, and the sec-\\nond, John McNulta. In 1872 he became station agent on the Wabash\\nrailway at Padua also agent for the United States Express Company,\\nand postmaster at that place. In addition, he sold goods the first year.\\nIn the spring of 1877 he resigned his position at Padua, and moved to\\nHoopeston. The next year he bought a farm of eighty acres, valued", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0869.jp2"}, "870": {"fulltext": "760 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nat $2,500, four miles southeast of that city, the same being the N.\\nN.E. section 30, town 23, range 11, on which he is living. He was\\nmarried on the 13th of August, 1867, to Miss Josephine Nelson, of\\nHardin county, Ohio. They have rive living children. He is a Uni-\\nversalist in religion, and a stalwart republican in politics.\\nJesse McQuade, deceased, was born in Green township, Wayne\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 2d of July, 1845. He was the oldest son of\\nAlexander and Nancy McQuade. In 1857 he immigrated, with his\\nparents, to Oneida, Knox county, Illinois. His early life was passed\\non a farm. He volunteered in Co. 1, 102d 111. Inf., on the 9th of August,\\n1862, and was mustered into the United States service on the 2d of\\nSeptember, at Knoxville, county seat of Knox county. He served\\nthroughout the Atlanta campaign, and fought in the general engage-\\nments at Resaca and Peach Tree Creek marched to the sea was one\\nof Sherman s bummers, in which capacity he acquired a high repu-\\ntation among his comrades. He resumed the same exciting and peril-\\nous duty at the beginning of the campaign of the Carolinas. On the\\n28th of February, 1865, while foraging, he and a single companion dis-\\ncovered and surprised a party who were guarding the Bank of Camden,\\nSouth Carolina, which had been removed and secreted in the woods.\\nThey were fired upon and both wounded. McQuade s left shoulder,\\narm and side were filled with small shot. Their command coming up\\nspeedily, the prize was secured. He was discharged at Grant United\\nStates General Hospital on the 24th of May, 1865. His left arm\\nbecame almost useless, and he carried to his grave the charge of shot\\nwhich had been lodged in his body. After the war he was postmaster\\nat Oneida five years. From 1870 to 1877 he was in the employment\\nof the C. B. Q. Railroad Company as station agent and operator. In\\nthe latter year he settled in Hoopeston, and was employed in selling\\nlumber and keeping books. In April, 1879, he went to Dakota for his\\nhealth, which had been declining for several years, and while home-\\nward bound, died on the cars at St. Cloud, Minnesota, on the 19th of\\nthe following month. His body preceded the intelligence of his death.\\nHe was married on the 21th of December, 1866, to Miss Harriet Bai-\\nley, whom he left with two children Minnie, nine years old, and a\\nbabe, born after his departure for the west.\\nAndrew J. Bowman, Hoopeston, farmer, was born in Coshocton\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 18th of July, 1840, and is a son of John and\\nSusanna (Nowel) Bowman. His father came from Lancaster county,\\nPennsylvania, in 1813, and settled in Coshocton county. At the age\\nof nineteen he was apprenticed to the blacksmith s trade. He was\\nenrolled on the 18th of November, 1S61, in Co. C, 67th Ohio Vols.,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0870.jp2"}, "871": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 7(il\\nCol. A. C. Voris. He served in the Shenandoah in the summer of\\n1862, under Gen. Shields, taking part in numerous minor actions, and\\nin the battle of Winchester, April 23. His command having been\\ntransferred, he fought at the terrific battle of Malvern Hill. He was\\nsubsequently in front of Charleston, South Carolina, during the siege\\noperations against Forts Wagner and Sumter under Gen. Q. A. Gill-\\nmore next on the James River in front of Richmond fought at\\nChafin s Farm was present throughout the siege of Petersburg, and\\nparticipated in the grand assault on that place on the 2d of April,\\n1865, which hastened Lee s retreat from Richmond. He was in the\\npursuit after Lee, and present at the surrender of his army. He was\\nin thirty-two engagements. In February, 1863, he veteraned. He\\nwas mustered out on the 18th of December, 1865. On the organiza-\\ntion of his company he was appointed fifth sergeant, and was regularly\\npromoted to second sergeant. In March, 1863, he was advanced to\\nquartermaster sergeant of his regiment, and on the 9th of Januaiy,\\n1864, was commissioned first lieutenant of Co. E, in which capacity he\\nserved the remainder of his term. On his return from the war he\\nengaged in mercantile pursuits at New Bedford, Coshocton county,\\nOhio, and continued thus employed twelve years. In 1877 he emi-\\ngrated to Vermilion county, Illinois, and bought a farm of one hundred\\nand twenty acres in Grant township, worth $4,500. He was married\\non the 25th of October, 1866, to Elizabeth Dellenbaugh, who was born\\non the 23d of February, 1841. They have four living children: Emma,\\nborn October 8, 1868; Oliva, born December 22, 1871; Susanna E.,\\nborn July 25, 1874; John H., born January 30, 1877. He is a repub-\\nlican in politics. N\\nCARROLL TOWNSHIP.\\nAt the second meeting of the county commissioners court ever held\\nin the county, on the 18th of March, 1826, the county was divided into\\ntwo townships, all that was south of the center of town 18 was called\\nCarroll, all north of that line, Ripley. This was twenty-five years be-\\nfore township organization was adopted, and just what this division\\nwas adopted for, and what end was accomplished by such division, is\\nnot apparent, or why those names were changed is not definitely known,\\nbut some allusion is presumed to have existed in the minds of the com-\\nmissioners to former places of residence. It is believed by some that\\nthe name was selected from a feeling of respect and reverence for\\nCharles Carroll, of Carrollton, then ninety years old, and the last to", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0871.jp2"}, "872": {"fulltext": "762 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsign the Declaration of Independence, as he was also the last of that\\npatriot band to die.\\nCarroll, as now constituted, has for its northern boundary the same\\nline which was designated in 1826. Georgetown and Elwood have\\nbeen taken off from the eastern side, and Sidell from the western, and\\nit now embraces the western two-thirds of town 17, range 12 the east-\\nern half of town 17, range 13 the western two-thirds of the south half\\nof town 18, range 12, and the southeastern quarter of town 18, range\\n13, is nine miles long by seven miles wide, and contains sixty-three\\nsections, or nine less than two congressional townships. The Little\\nVermilion runs across its southern end, which, with its numerous\\nbranches, gives free watering to nearly all its territory, making it one\\nof the most desirable for stock farms in the county. Originally the\\nwater in this stream was sufficient for mills during a considerable por-\\ntion of the year, now, however, it has materially lessened. The timber\\nalong this stream was magnificent, and covered about sixteen sections,\\nor about one-quarter of its territory. There is quite a high ridge along\\nits southern boundary which marks the southern line of the valley of\\nthe Little Vermilion. Water and timber, the two prime necessities for\\nearly settlements, were here found in such quantities and of such good\\nquality, that it early afforded a home for those coming into the new\\ncountry.\\nEARLY SETTLERS SOUTH OF THE RIVER.\\nAs in all new places, a majority of those who first came were of that\\nroving, uncertain class of people, who sell out and move on the slight-\\nest provocation; who never know when they are well off; or who, on\\nthe other hand, never know how to make a home anywhere, squat-\\nters, who stay in one neck of timber one winter, and then go on to\\nthe next.\\nOne account makes John Myers Injin John the first settler\\nin Carroll. This is probably incorrect, but there is no doubt that he\\ncame among the first. He was a character. Free with what he had,\\nbrave, self-willed, and on the water would have become a buccaneer.\\nHe had little- love for property which was his own, and less for the\\nrights of others.\\nAbout the year 1820 Mr. Starr, an uncle of Barnett and Absalom,\\nbought, at the land sales at Palestine, eight hundred and eighty acres\\nof land near Mmere Mr. R. E. Barnett now resides, and proposed to\\nmake his home there. He was then living at or near Palestine, where\\nHenry Johnson and his nephews were living. If he ever came here to\\nlive it was only temporarily, for, either that year or the following, he\\ntraded the entire tract to John Myers for his eighty-acre farm in Ohio.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0872.jp2"}, "873": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 763\\nInjin John came on here to live, and on the way here came across his\\nbrother-in-law, Joseph Frazier, in Indiana, and offered to give him a\\nquarter-section if he would accompany him. Frazier agreed to this,\\nand the two came on here in 1821. This particular tract which he\\ngave Frazier is now a portion of the Sconce farm. Frazier sold to Sul-\\nlivant in 1853. It had on it the most beautiful growth of black walnut\\ntimber in this section. The Sullivants cut it off and made it into rails\\nto fence broad lands. The timber, if standing there now, would be\\nworth a fortune at the rates now given. About ten years before Myers\\ncame here he had an Indian hunt in Ohio, which shows the character\\nof the man. A man and his two sons were out in a sugar bush, in the\\nspring of the year, at work, and were killed by three Indians. Myers\\nat once raised a company of avengers, and started in pursuit. They\\nstruck the trail in the new snow, and followed until all but three gave\\nout from sheer exhaustion. The great physical endurance, pluck and\\ndetermination of Myers, whetted by a keen desire for revenge, now as-\\nserted itself. His two remaining comrades threatened to leave him,\\nand he told them that he would shoot them if they turned back. This\\nnerved their courage, and soon they came in sight of the smoke of\\nthe Indians camp. All three men shot at once and killed two of the\\nIndians. The third escaped and hid in a hollow tree. Myers soon\\ntreed him and shot him, and recovered the three scalps of his white\\nneighbors. Myers was one of the first to go to the Black Hawk war,\\nand there made a great deal of trouble by his insubordination. By\\nthis time habits of intemperance had grown on him, and about the first\\nthing he did after arriving in the Indian country was to get drunk and\\ngo to abusing the officers and everybody else for not going into the\\nfight at once. He knew no such thing as discipline; abhorred tactics;\\ndid not believe in waiting for orders or for supplies. He came there to\\nfight Injins, and fight he was going to. He was ordered under\\narrest for conduct unbecoming a soldier and a gentleman. He had\\ntold some of these new-fiedged officers that they did not know any-\\nthing about fighting Injins more 1 a bear did about a camp meetin\\nHis brother-in-law, Davis, was killed there at the block-house. Myers\\nwas a powerful man. He could crack a black walnut with his teeth,\\nand in his fights had disfigured more than one face. He once offered\\nJack M Dowell, then a spruce and lively young chap who was striving\\nto get along in the world, a half-section of land if he would marry his\\ndaughter. Jack wanted the land, but was afraid of the incumbrance.\\nHe gave away or fooled away all his land, and went out to the Illinois\\nKiver and died. While here he had a hand in all that was going on.\\nHe used up a portion of his means in helping Simon Cox to build that", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0873.jp2"}, "874": {"fulltext": "764 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmill that never would run for any of them. Frazier went to Iowa.\\nBarnett Starr settled here in 1821, or about the same time his brother\\nAbsalom did.\\nMoses Bradshaw came here from Virginia in 1821 and cleared a\\nplace in the timber, near b} r Mr. Barnett s present residence. He had\\nseveral sons, two of whom, Daniel and William, were able to help him\\nin making a farm in the timber-land but it was sickly here, and he\\ntook the first opportunity to sell out, and went back to Virginia. The\\nRichmond family lived in the timber here one winter and summer.\\nThe boys were William, David, James, John, and Lewis, the squealer,\\nand there were four girls. They went to Douglas county before there\\nwas a house in Charleston. Simon Cox came in 1822 and took up land.\\nHe and Myers commenced to build a mill. First they tried a water-\\nmill, and then put in steam but neither were practical millwrights,\\nand did not succeed in their enterprise. Peter Summe assisted in\\nbuilding the mill. It was both a grist and saw mill, and, like all these\\nold ones, the stones were cut out of boulders found here. It stood\\nwhere the first county road running from where Abraham Sandusky s\\nhouse stands, south across the stream, and about one mile southeast of\\nIndianola.\\nThough not next in chronological order, William McDowell settled\\nnext in this neighborhood, south of the creek. He came from Ken-\\ntucky in 1823, with four sons, John, Archie, James and William, and\\ntwo daughters, Mrs. Starr and Mrs. Ayers. He lived seven years in\\nPalestine, in Crawford county, before coming here, wrestling with\\npoverty before his children had become able to help him. When he\\nhad saved enough to enter eighty acres ($100), he entered land here in\\nsections 35 and 36, range 13, and came here to live, with little else than\\nhis own hands and his brave, though not very strong, boys. When he\\narrived here he built his cabin on a piece adjoining what he had\\nbought, intending, as soon as he was able, to enter that also. He\\nlearned one day that Peter Summe had gone to Palestine to enter him\\nout. Without a dollar in his pocket, he started on to try to save his\\nland. Riding all night, he got there before business hours in the\\nmorning, and went directly to the house of the register, with whom he\\nwas acquainted, and told him his trouble. To save him, the register\\nagreed to do what would have lost him his position if it had then been\\nknown, which was to let McDowell have the land, trusting him to pay\\nfor it in sixty days, although Summe was there with the gold in his\\nhand. McDowell came back in triumph, but it cost him dearly. He\\nwas in such constant anxiety over it, working night and day, scheming\\nand contriving how to get that hundred dollars, finally having to sell", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0874.jp2"}, "875": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 765\\npart of the land to get it, that it threw him into a fever, from which he\\ndied. Several members of the family died at the same time. The\\ndeath of his father left John McDowell to care for the family, and work\\nout his fortune as best he conld. He had not a dollar, but he was\\nplucky. He worked as he could find employment, which in those days\\nwas not very steady or lucrative. He split rails for Mr. Barnett a few\\nyears later, to pay for the land he is on, and worked away did not\\npropose to sell out and move away until he had bought and paid for\\neleven hundred and fifty acres of land, most of which he has given to\\nhis children, and still lives on the land which his father made that\\nnight ride to Palestine to buy on trust.\\nOld Abel Williams, as he is familiarly called, came to this neigh-\\nborhood from Tennessee in 1824, and made his home two miles south\\nof Indianola. He was a man who could not well have had an enemy\\nsingularly pure in his life, and free from even the appearance of evil.\\nHis house was early the home of the itinerant preachers, and at his\\nhouse their first services were held, or at least some of the early ser-\\nvices were held there. He was early interested in securing the build-\\ning of the first Methodist church in the county, the Lebanon, which\\nstood across the stream from his house. Mr. Williams still lives with\\nhis son about twelve miles west of his former home, in Champaign\\ncounty, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years, full of years and full\\nof the good esteem and love of all who know him. He was so anxious\\nto go to the Blackhawk war that he went without a gun, trusting that\\none would be supplied him.\\nThe first person buried in the Frazier grave-yard was Mr. Hel-\\nvenston, who was a son-in-law of Bradshaw. He went over to\\nHickory Grove on a hunting excursion; he treed the game and cut\\ndown the tree, and while the tree was falling, his dog, who had a habit\\nof running for the falling game, made for the tree. In trying to get\\nthe dog away the tree fell on him and killed him. His widow married\\nMr. Clayton.\\nRobert Dickson came from Kentucky when his son David was only\\neighteen years old, in 1824. Their journey here was made by keel-\\nboat to Coleman s Prairie, thence across the country with teams. They\\nmade their first home near where David now lives. Mr. Dickson had\\nfour sons David, who still resides here and is well known over the\\ncounty John, Amos and James. He died here, much respected,\\nwhere his children and grandchildren grew up around him. The\\nyoung man David worked around as he could find employment; went\\nto the salt works and worked a while walked to Galena at a time\\nwhen nearly all the money that came to these parts came from there in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0875.jp2"}, "876": {"fulltext": "766 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\npayment for produce and cattle, and when it was popularly supposed\\nto be a place where money grew on every bush. On the 3d of August,\\n1829, he was married to a daughter of Mr. Silas Waters, who had re-\\ncently followed on from Kentucky, with some just as tine girls as the\\nblue grass region ever presented to the world. A few days since,\\nthis pleasantly married and well preserved couple celebrated their\\ngolden wedding in a becoming and pleasant way. The little matter of\\na houseful or two of their friends got together under the grateful shade\\nof their grounds, and there told over old facts and pleasantries, incidents\\nof early life here, which might fill a book. Neither were the substan-\\ntial of life forgotten if the tables did not groan it was because they\\nare better material than are used in most of our dining-rooms. The\\nhistorian will only find room here for one among the many remi-\\nniscences which came out on that occasion, and selects as the best one:\\nJOHN STARK S DREAM.\\nIt was late in the forties (so runs Jack} McDowell s version) that\\nJohny Stark, Moses Scott and some others of our good neighbors who\\nhave since got away, were the active makers of history on this side of\\nthe Vermilion. They were neighborly people, and would turn out to\\na logging-bee or a horse-race, kindly, without a second invite, as readily\\nas they would go to a meal s victuals or any other ordinary duty. Of\\ncourse there were the usual little banters among them, as to who could\\nrake and bind the most wheat or shuck the most corn. Their women\\nfolks would lend a drawing of tea, or the best brass kettle, without\\nsnarling about it; and the young misses never thought of turning up\\ntheir noses at each other because they happened to wear a better frock.\\nPolitics was about the only disturbing influence, when some good dem-\\nocrat would shout fifty -four-forty-or-fight, and his whig neighbor\\nover the way entered a protest a little too vigorous in reference to the\\nlast syllable, we soon managed to smooth it over. One day a matter\\noccurred that came near dragging the whole posse of us off to Danville\\nto court, but for the timely and wise counsel of good old Father Will-\\niams and Parson Ashmore, who had more sense than any of us. We\\nwere all out to a Fourth of July on a liberal scale, before that pesky\\nword picnic was invented, when Johny Stark, who had never been\\naccused of knowing more than the law allowed, said he had the curi-\\nousest dream the other night he ever heard tell of. He said he dreamed\\nhe was wandering around one dark night, and came upon a great lot of\\nmen who were molding men and all kinds of animals, out of material\\nthat was especially prepared for each. The work was progressing finely\\nwhen, through a mistake of the molding-boss, he got some of the hog", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0876.jp2"}, "877": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 767\\nmetal and run it into a man mold, when out jumped Mose Scott, as\\nlarge as life and twice as natural. He was making for the timber as\\nfast as his new-made legs would let him. Catch it, catch it, shouted\\nhalf a dozen of the molders at a breath. No, said the molding-boss, let\\nthe d d thing go, and let s see what it will amount to. After telling\\nthis curiousest dream, Scott threatened to sue him for slander, but\\nold Abel Williams told him he never heard that you could sue a man\\nfor what he dreamed and Mr. Ashmore told him that if he was called\\non as a witness he would be obliged to swear that Johny Stark never\\nhad wit enough to make up such a yarn, and the probability was that\\nthe fellow actually dreamed it, probably had more sense asleep than\\nawake. Scott took the advice of the two sensible men, and saved us\\nall a trip or two to Danville.\\nLATER SETTLERS.\\nSilas Waters came from Kentucky in 1828, and took up a farm just\\neast of where Mr. Dickson lives. Mr. and Mrs. Waters died here, but\\nthe nine children they brought with them are still living. The mother\\nof this family of old folks was for many years a member of the Meth-\\nodist church, and inspired their young steps in the paths she delighted\\nin. The eldest of this remarkable family is eighty-one, and the\\nyoungest is sixty-five. The united ages of the nine is six hundred\\nand fifty-seven years. The remarkable instance is so much more re-\\nmarkable in view of the liability to sickness which those who came\\nhere fifty years ago were under. There were few families who re-\\nmained here during the pioneer times without having their circle shat-\\ntered by the hand of death. The children of old Silas Waters, Silas,\\nMrs. Niel, Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Crumbaugh, live at LeRoy, in McLean\\ncounty, where the former has, for almost fifty years, been the stay and\\nstrength of the Methodist church at that place. John is in Shelby\\ncounty, James in Georgetown, Mrs. Wright in Middlefork, Mrs. Dick-\\nson and Mrs. Sconce here.\\nJohn Reed, familiarly called Dasher, came from Kentucky in\\n1829, and after living a few years at Hickory Grove came here and\\nlived on the McDowell farm. He afterward wandered off to Nauvoo,\\nand joined the Mormons, among whom he found more congenial so-\\nciety than here. Aaron Mendenhall came here in 1827, and took up\\nland in section 31, near the eastern line of the township. He had\\neight children. He died in 1810. Two sons live in the vicinity yet,\\nand three daughters, Mrs. Baird, Mrs. Mills and Mrs. Lawrence, live\\nnear by.\\nGeorge Barnett came here from Bourbon county, Kentucky, in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0877.jp2"}, "878": {"fulltext": "768 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1828. He was a man of considerable experience in the affairs of the\\nworld, and had some means enough to get a fair start in a new\\ncountry. He had got tired of the influences of the institution of\\nslavery, and, while not an abolitionist in sentiment, like many of the\\nQuakers who came here at that time, was not so in love with the insti-\\ntution as to remain with it any longer. He had purchased a part of\\nthe farm of Mr. Bradshaw before removing here, and entered more\\nafter coming. He had a family- of eight children. He came in those\\nold-fashioned four-horse wagons of that day, bringing such goods and\\nother things with him as he needed. He commenced farming opera-\\ntions, and soon engaged in raising stock, having bought the farm with\\nespecial reference to that business. He bought some prairie rooters\\nof Mr. Bradshaw, who was to deliver the sow and pigs to him in the\\npen, and, as they were as wild as young deer, Robert felt a little\\nanxious to know how Bradshaw was going to deliver the goods. He\\nwent along with him into the timber to see him capture them. It was\\na new business to the lad just from the blue-grass pastures. Brad-\\nshaw provided himself with the implements of chase a pony and\\na bob-tailed dog and took for the timber. As fast as bob would\\ncatch the pigs, Bill would tie them on to the pony, and then the nurs-\\ning mother of the litter was made fast to the same patient horse,\\ntwo of the pigs were tied together and slung over his own shoulder,\\nand, thus loaded with the trophy of the chase, he made his way back\\nto the pen. As fast as he could he got his land into blue-grass pasture.\\nHe was early elected a member of the legislature. Of his children,\\nAlbert and George are in Oregon Robert E. lives on the place his\\nfather first purchased James lived near Indianola, and died there\\nWilliam died in Douglas county the girls are dead, except Mrs. Mor-\\nris, who lives in Edgar county. Indian wigwams were plenty in the\\ntimber when he came here they were made of poles slanting up to a\\npeak, and covered with bark and bushes.\\nJohn Stark came from Bourbon county in 1831, and lived at Brooks\\nPoint a while, and then came to Mr. Barnett s place and worked his\\nfarm several years. He had fourteen children. The old folks died\\nwhere William lives now. They were industrious people, and did\\ntheir fair share, for the opportunities they had, toward settling this\\npart of the country. Five of their children are in this county, two in\\nIndiana, three in Colorado.\\nRobert E. Barnett taught the first school here, in 1829, in a little\\nlog house on his father s place. He had received a good education in\\nKentucky, and was competent for the work. He used Webster s Spell-\\ning Book, the English Reader, Murray s Grammar, Pike s Arithmetic", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0878.jp2"}, "879": {"fulltext": "CAKROLL TOWNSHIP. 7^9\\nHe got along so well the first term that he commenced a second. Jusl\\nafter he got started he went with his father to Eugene to butcher their\\nhogs. In those days they drove their hogs to Eugene and butchered\\nthem there, and sold them to Mr. Collett in that shape. While weigh-\\ning and figuring he attracted Mr. C. s attention, and he engaged him\\nto clerk for him. He remained there thirty years, giving strict atten-\\ntion to business, and investing his means, as he could spare them, in\\nland here. The first $100 he ever earned he used to enter eighty acres\\nof land. He has here, running along south of the stream, fifteen hun-\\ndred acres of as good land as one need wish. For forty years those\\nportions which are intended for pasture have been in blue-grass. The\\ntheory in regard to pastures is, that they grow better with age. More\\nparticularly is this true of blue-grass. Its roots penetrate farther into\\nthe ground, thicken up the growth, and make two blades of grass\\ngrow where only one grew before. When white folks came to live\\nin those points of timber where the Indians had made their little vil-\\nlages, and had, by killing out the prairie grass, caused nature to supply\\nits place with the more nutritious and valuable blue-grass, they found\\na rich and luxuriant growth, which spread all through the edge of the\\nscattering timber. In their ignorance, they did not know that these\\npatches of pasture were the richest legacy left us by the aborigines, but\\nwent to work and plowed it up, thereby destroying at least half its\\nvalue.\\nEARLY SETTLERS NORTH OF THE RIVER.\\nSome of the earliest settlements in the county were made on the\\nnorthwestern edge of the timber which skirts the Little Vermilion in\\nthis and the adjoining township. John Hoag and Samuel Mnnnel are\\nthe first who are now remembered. They came the same year that\\nHenry Johnson did (1820), who made his home just across the line in\\nwhat is now Georgetown. If there were any others along that line\\nthey were in all probability only temporary, and have now even disap-\\npeared from the memory of those who are now residing here. Harvey\\nLuddington, as quoted by Coffeen in his Hand-Book of Vermilion\\nCounty, p. 27, says that only eight families resided in the county in\\nthe spring of 1822, and does not name any of these in Carroll. He\\nwas probably in error, for while it is not so certain as to the date of the\\narrival of Hoag and Mnnnel, there cannot be any doubt as to the date\\nat which Win. Swank, the father of Dallas, came. His recent death\\ndeprived the writer of an opportunity to collect many interesting facts,\\nbut his neighbors all know that he was here as early as 1820. Mr.\\nHoag owned the place now owned and occupied by Dr. Ralston, just\\nsouthwest of the village of Indianola. He died there. Mr. Mnnnel\\n49", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0879.jp2"}, "880": {"fulltext": "771) HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntook up land near him and remained here until 1831. Win. Swank\\nmade his home where Michael Fisher lives, and his farm covered a part\\nof the town of Indianola. He afterward owned a farm in section 5,\\ntwo miles north of the village. He died in 1876, being at the time of\\nhis death the oldest resident of the county.\\nAlexander McDonald came to this town in 1822. He, in company\\nwith his father-in-law, J. B. Alexander, entered considerable land in\\nand around what for a long time was known as the McDonald neigh-\\nborhood. Mr. Alexander did not come here to live until about four\\nyears later. His son, Col. Alexander, was in the mercantile business\\nat Paris, in Edgar county, and the old gentleman remained there until\\nthis county was organized, in 1826, and then came here. He was\\nelected one of the first county commissioners. He was a man of con-\\nsiderable acquaintance with public affairs, and made his influence felt\\nin putting the machinery of the new county into running order. When\\nhe came here to live, his sons-in-law, McDonald and I. R. Moore, had\\npreceded him. Two daughters came with him, who afterward married\\nCunningham and Murphy, who were long among the leading business\\nmen of Danville. Alexander and Moore sold to Abraham Sodowsky\\nwhen he came here in 1831, and Moore went to Oregon, where he died.\\nMr. McDonald made the farm where Abraham Sandusky now lives.\\nHe was a man of strong mind and good judgment. It was at his\\nhouse that the first Cumberland Presbyterian church was organized, he\\nbeing elected the first elder, an office in the church he continued to\\nhold till his death. He was also very early a justice of the peace, and\\nat his house was the first post-office (Carroll), next to Georgetown, in this\\npart of the county. His daughter Elizabeth Mrs. Harmon was one\\nof the first-born in the county. It is possible that some of those good\\nfamilies who were in here in 1820 and 1821 may have produced an heir to\\nthe title and inheritance of first-born in the county, but if such is the case\\nan absence of any record of it must be Mrs. Harmon s justification for\\nappropriating the lapsed title. Mr. McDonald, later in life, removed\\nto Georgetown, where he died. His sons became merchants at Dan-\\nville, where they have long maintained the honor and good name of\\nthe ancient name of the McDonald clan. His widow lives with her\\nchildren, and is, next to her old neighbor out on the road leading from\\nthe McDonald neighborhood to Georgetown, Mr. Jones, probably the\\noldest resident in the county.\\nDr. Thomas Madden was the first physician in this township. He\\nwas born and educated in South Carolina, and while pursuing his stud-\\nies there, was teaching school. Zimri Lewis, who afterward was one\\nof the leading citizens of Elwood, was among his pupils. He owned", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0880.jp2"}, "881": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 771\\nabout two hundred acres of land near Josiah Sandusky s, and died\\nthere. He was for some years the only physician in this vicinity.\\nDr. Thomas Heywood, though long known as the leading physician\\nhere, did not live in this township until some years later. He came\\nfrom Ohio in 1828, and after a few years spent at Georgetown, he\\nbought a farm south of Indianola, and made his home there, continu-\\ning the practice of his profession. To a thorough knowledge of his\\nprofession he added, by reading and study, a fund of information, not\\nonly in the line of his profession, but in general intelligence, which\\nmade him one of the best educated men in the township. He married\\na sister of Mr. R. E. Barnett. He always took a lively interest in pol-\\nitics. In early days a whig, a follower of the political fortunes of the\\nMill boy of the Slashes, his firm anti-slavery convictions made him\\none of the earlier members of the republican party, and his large ac-\\nquaintance with public affairs, his earnest devotion to the doctrines of\\nthat party, as well as his strong adherence to the personal political for-\\ntunes of the rail-splitter, made him one of the first members of the\\nlegislature after the great anti-slavery, or an ti -Nebraska, as it was\\nthen called, revival in the state. Dr. Heywood and his wife both died\\nin 1878, at nearly the same time. His family still reside in Vermilion\\nand Edgar counties, where his long medical career had made him so\\nwell known and greatly respected.\\nLATER EARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nAmong the men who have made Carroll noted as one of the finest\\nfarming towns in the county are the Sandusky family, or, as more prop-\\nerly spelled, Sodowsky. The name has become anglicized, though one\\nbranch of the family retain the former spelling. The family is of Polish\\norigin, and the head of the family was banished from Poland in 1756,\\nand was sent to Richmond, Virginia, where he married the sister of\\nGovernor Inslip. He was killed by Indians while on his return from\\na trip to the vicinity of Lake Erie, where he had been sent in an official\\ncapacity. The stream and the city there received its name from that\\noccurrence. His three boys grew up, and two of them followed the\\nlead of Simon Kenton into the wilds of Kentucky, They were driven\\nout, but returned to the dark ground with Daniel Boone and about\\none hundred others. They made Fort Jefferson, where Louisville now\\nstands, and went back into the interior, where they helped to make the\\ndark ground bloody by continual contests with the Indians all during\\nthe revolutionary war. Here James Sodowsky was the companion of\\nDaniel Boone in all his adventures. He settled in what is now Bour-\\nbon county, married Miss Brown, and raised a family of six children", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0881.jp2"}, "882": {"fulltext": "772 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThomas, Andrew, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob and Abraham. With two of the\\nlast three we have to do in this sketch. Isaac was engaged in the war\\nof 1812, and, being taken prisoner in Hull s treasonable surrender, he\\nescaped and made his way back to Kentucky, passing across this county\\nin his return. As soon as he could, after the admission of Illinois into\\nthe union, he came here to live. His younger brother, Abraham, had\\nin the meantime acquired a fair property, and become interested in\\nthoroughbred cattle, or English cattle, as they were then called. Al-\\nmost the first importations from England came into the famous blue-\\ngrass region of Kentucky. In 1831 he sold out there and moved to\\nIndiana. He brought with him ten head of the Patton stock, which\\nwere, as far as known, the first importation of shorthorns into that\\nstate. It is not easy to calculate the value to the stock-raisers of this\\nregion from this timely movement. It not only brought here the only\\nstrain of blood which could improve the existing herds, but it put into\\nthe minds of everyone who had aught to do with the cattle business the\\nidea of improving what they had. In 1834 he came to live where his\\nyoungest son, Josiah, now lives. By this time his herd had increased\\nto twenty-seven. He purchased the farms of Alexander McDonald,\\nCol. I. R. Moore, and their father-in-law, Mr. Alexander, besides en-\\ntering a large amount of land. He is spoken of by the old residents as\\na man of strong convictions, of untiring energy, good judgment, and\\nan excellent manager, strictly honest in all his dealings. One of the\\nbest things that can be said of him is that he brought up his boys to\\nwork. He was a Presbyterian in his religious views. He gave his\\nchildren as good education as the opportunities of the times permitted,\\nand as soon as they were old enough to know a short-horned calf from\\na sheep, he put them to the work of taking care of the young stock.\\nIn that way they grew into a knowledge, as by intuition, of the line of\\nbusiness which they were to make their life s work. He became well\\noff financially, rich, perhaps, for the times; was kind, hospitable and\\ncareful of what he had. He left four sons, who all still live on the\\nlands their father divided among them. Harvey, the oldest, lives on\\nWood Lawn Farm, near by Indianola. He married Miss Susan\\nBaum, by whom two children were born to him, one of whom is liv-\\ning, the wife of James S. Sconce, Esq. A son died after having\\ngrown to manhood, in 1873, and is buried in the cemetery at Wood\\nLawn. With his death went out the fondest hopes of parents, whose\\nhearts were bound up in a worthy only son.\\nMr. Sodowsky is largely engaged in the raising of thorough-bred\\ncattle, and in his herd are some of the most perfect specimens of well-\\ndeveloped short-horns that can be found in the country, perfect", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0882.jp2"}, "883": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 773\\nbeauties, which one never tires of looking at or living among. Wood\\nLawn Farm, with its hospitable roof, is one of the beauties of rural life\\nin Vermilion. Splendidly located, its adaptability to the line of farm-\\ning which he follows is perfect. During the long course of breeding\\nhe has aimed to reach perfection in cattle.\\nMrs. Sodowsky is a daughter of Mr. Charles Baum, who came here\\nin 1839, and who left a large family at his death, who have been more\\nthan usually prospered, both in worldly affairs and in the esteem and\\nlove of those among whom they dwell. He lived to the advanced age\\nof ninety-seven, and died in 1871. He was for many years a firm and\\nconsistent member of the Methodist church, and his faith and good\\nworks were known and read of all men. Of his children, Samuel, who\\nlived here, is dead, but his children are still here, his daughters being\\nmarried to William Sandusky, Mr. Pugh and Mr. Rice. Dr. John\\nBaum, another son, was the physician here for a long time, and died here.\\nCharles, another son, lives south of Indianola, in this township, and\\nhas five sons. Gideon, another son, lives in Missouri with all his\\nfamily except one son, Charles, who is a partner with Mr. Green in the\\nextensive mercantile business here. Of Mr. Baum s six daughters,\\nthree are living: Mrs. Sodowsky, Mrs. Carter, who has two sons who\\nare at work at Wood Lawn, and Mrs. Weaver, who lives in Kansas,\\nhaving twelve children, all grown up, for her heritage.\\nAbraham Sandusky lives about three miles northeast of Indianola,\\non the farm which formerly was McDonald s. The old McDonald\\nhouse still stands on the place, and is in use. He has a fine farm of\\nseven hundred and seventy acres, and an elegant house, which stands\\njust outside of a fine grove of second-growth native timber. The house\\nis one of the finest country residences in the county, and, like all the\\nfarmers hereabouts, he has made cattle-raising and feeding the principal\\nbusiness, but also engages largely in grain-raising. Josiah, the youngest\\nson of the family, lives on the old homestead, where his father first\\nsettled when he came to the county. He has about one thousand acres,\\nand has gone extensively into cattle-raising and feeding.\\nOld Michael Weaver, as everyone seemed to call him, who died\\nhere in 1875 at the age of one hundred, came here from Brown\\ncounty, Ohio, in 1828. Past the meridian of life when he came here,\\nhe had in mind only the welfare of a large family at heart, and desired\\nto provide for them farms such as he had heard, but did not more than\\nhalf believe, lay along the Little Vermilion in this new country. He\\nentered all the timber land that was left subject to entry, along this\\nstream, and bought out McClure, who went west, and Sam. Mundel,\\nwho went over on the Embarras, and Hoag and Enoch Pugh, who", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0883.jp2"}, "884": {"fulltext": "774 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwent to Yankee Point. Here were four of the early settlers that\\nseem to have left the very finest farming country in the world, and\\nhave gone to some other places, apparently in the expectation of bet-\\ntering their condition. And thus it has ever been in the history of\\nthis and other counties. Where you find one famity like the Sandus-\\nkys, who are willing, and to all outward appearance satisfied, to re-\\nmain here, grow rich, raise children to add to the census as well as to\\nthe wealth and enterprise of the community, you will find a hundred\\nlike those just above named who will stay just long enough to get\\nwhat is needed to pa} 7 the expense of moving. This is not the view\\nMr. Weaver took of the matter. He put his children on the land\\nwhich he had bought, and made both the land and the children useful.\\nOf his nine children, seven were daughters three became Baums by\\nmarriage, two Fishers, and one was the wife of James Gains, and one\\nthe wife of John Cole. John Weaver went to Kansas, where he has\\nhad the good luck to place twelve grown-up children on farms or in\\nbusiness. With the exception of deafness, Mr. Weaver s faculties were\\nretained till near his end. He is everywhere spoken of as a man of\\ngreat force and management, but singularly unassuming; and though\\nhe became, both in his lands and in his children, one of the wealthy\\nmen of the town, it did not seem to put any pride in him and it is\\ntold to his credit by his neighbors that he never would take more than\\nsix per centum for money loaned. A rare old man the reader says.\\nHis death occurred after he had completed his one hundredth year.\\nWhat is that which an old author says about that thy days may be\\nlong in the land\\nDavid Fisher came here from Indiana in 1834. He had been at\\nwork a season or two at what is now Chicago, a city of some note near\\nthe head of Lake Michigan. The river there, or creek, as they usually\\ncalled it, appeared to be a very good place for a harbor, but no boat\\ndrawing more than three or four feet of water could get into it, on\\naccount of the sandbar running across the mouth. The government\\nhad made an appropriation to open a channel through this bar, and\\nbuild a breakwater of stone to keep the passage open. He had a job\\non this work, his business being to load seven cords of stone six miles\\nup the south branch, and bring it to the harbor each day. This was\\ndone seven days in the week. It is well to call the attention of those\\nwho mourn over the degeneracy of the age to the fact that no Sunday\\nwas recognized on public works in those days. Contractors seemed to\\nbelieve that they had the right to use the Lord s day, and did use it.\\nWhen Mr. Fisher came here he bought one hundred and sixty acres of\\nschool land, at $3.31 per acre. He built there, and married Jane", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0884.jp2"}, "885": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 775\\nWeaver. With the habits of industry which he possessed he soon\\nbecame one of the leading farmers of the town. He acquired one\\nthousand acres of land, and engaged in feeding cattle and hogs. He\\nusually sold his cattle at home to drovers, and, following the custom\\nof the day, he drove his hogs to Eugene, where they were slaughtered\\nand packed. Eugene was a busy town in those days. For a few years\\npeople generally went there to trade. The business prostration of\\n1837 came at a time in his affairs when Mr. Fisher could ill afford it.\\nPrices depreciated fearfully; good three-year-old steers being onlv\\nworth about eight dollars per head, wheat, twenty-five cents per bushel.\\nA silver dollar looked as big as a cart-wheel, and ten or fifteen of them\\npaid for a pretty large store bill. There was an} amount of hard work\\nto do, and the conveniences were of a decidedly primitive nature. The\\nplowing was done with the bare-shear plow, or the Carey plowf\\nwhich was considered a great improvement, having an iron point and\\nwooden mouldboard. Afterward the shovel plow came into use for\\ntending corn. It did good work, but we had to go three times in a\\nrow. Wheat was all cut with a sickle, and the man who could cut and\\nbind an acre a day had to be up with the sun. The women folks did\\nnot can fruit, but they did dry a great deal. Withal, they seemed to\\nenjoy life better than they do now. Anyone who had health, and per-\\nseverance enough, could get rich in time in this country. Four of\\nhis five children are now living. Michael lives near him in a neat\\nbrick house, and has long been recognized as one of the most enter-\\nprising business men. He was educated at Georgetown Seminary in\\nits palmy days, married a daughter of Dr. Baum, and has been fairly\\nsuccessful in his business enterprises. John Fisher lives here, and\\nGeorge, the other son, in Edgar county. His only daughter is the\\nwife of L. C. Green.\\nGabriel Neal is one of the old settlers, and was probably the first\\ncolored child born in the county. His mother, Aunt Polly, had\\nbeen the property of Abraham Sodowsky, in Kentucky, and preferred\\nto take her chances with the family here than to remain on the dark\\nand bloody ground, which, incredible as it may seem, appears to have\\ngrown darker and bloodier during the entire century of its history.\\nWe had in this state certain laws which later came to be known as\\nblack laws, which, in the mild form then, required that any one\\nbringing a colored person into the state should give a bond against\\nthe said colored person becoming a public charge. We had besides\\nthis a law taxing, slaves and servants of color. It is generally sup-\\nposed that the right of propert} in human beings was never recognized\\nin this state. This is a mistake, for the revenue law of fifty years ago", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0885.jp2"}, "886": {"fulltext": "776 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nprovided that county commissioners should levy and raise a tax on a\\nschedule of personal property, and among the items of this schedule\\nwere slaves and servants of color. Mr. Neal, with very poor oppor-\\ntunities for schooling, for it was against the law of this state to send a\\ncolored child to school, became a careful, shrewd business man. He is\\na dealer in stock, and a man of good judgment and business habits.\\nSamuel Porter came from Woodford county, Kentucky, in 1834,\\nand staid the first night where his son William lives, on section 19,\\none mile southwest of Indianola. Joseph Purkins was then living on\\nthe place. He had eight children, four of whom are still living. Mr.\\nand Mrs. Porter were members of the Baptist church, and were\\nearnest, devoted christian people. The good mother, whose greatest\\ncare was the welfare of her children, died in 1838, and did not live to\\nsee what would have been the fulfillment of her heart s desire, the estab-\\nlishment of a church of her choice, which occurred only a year after her\\ndeath. All her children followed her footsteps, and became members\\nof christian churches. Mr. Porter died in 1847, aged eighty-five, strong\\nin the faith in which he had so long lived, and in the love of his chil-\\ndren and of the community in which he had lived. He was buried by\\nhis wife at the Weaver grave-yard, and was the first adult person buried\\nthere. William, who yet lives on the old homestead, raised a family\\nof seven children.\\nThere is no railroad in Carroll, but the Danville, Charleston\\nTuscola railroad has been graded through the township. No township\\naid was voted, but local subscriptions of right of way and notes were\\ngiven, on condition that the road should be completed and the cars\\nrunning by a given time. The grading was done by Mr. Brown, who,\\nwith his brother, had the contract for building it; but his death put a\\nstop to the work. Plans are now being matured for its completion.\\nCHURCHES.\\nSome of the earliest preaching services of the Methodists in this\\ncounty were held in Carroll township. By reference to the history of\\nBlount township the reader will see that credit is there partially given\\nto the published statement that Rev. Mr. McKain was the first regular\\npreacher of that denomination laboring in the county in 1829. Since\\nthat was written facts have come to light which render the doubt there\\nexpressed well founded. Certainly three years before that date, pos-\\nsibly as early as 1824, the date cannot be certainly fixed, Rev. Geo.\\nFox preached at the house of Mr. Cassady, who was a local preacher of\\nthat church, and the house of Abel Williams was an appointment at\\nabout the same date. Brinks Historical Atlas of Vermilion County", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0886.jp2"}, "887": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 777\\ngives the date of the first organization as 1826, and the building of the\\nfirst meeting-house as 1827. Notwithstanding the glaring inaccuracies\\nof that work, there is other evidence which fixes these dates as very\\nnearly correct. Mr. David Dickson says that the meetings were held\\nat Cassady s in 1S26, and that is undoubtedly the time the class was\\nformed, which is the earliest organization of that church, and was only\\nantedated in the matter of organization by the Friends at Vermilion\\nGrove and the Newlights in Henry Johnson s neighborhood. Mr.\\nDickson, whose recollection of early matters has been freely drawn\\nupon, and whose accuracy is admitted, says that Mr. Fox was the first\\npreacher that he knew here. Two preachers from Kentucky held\\nmeetings at the house of Mr. Williams. Meetings were held at the\\ncamp-meeting grounds near Mr. Cassady s, and the old log meeting-\\nhouse, which was the first building erected for a house of worship\\n(except the one built by the Friends at Vermilion) in the county, was\\nerected through the exertions of Mr. Williams and Mr. Cassady, as\\nearly as 1830, and possibly a year or two sooner. Every effort has\\nbeen made to learn the real facts, so as to state them with historical\\naccuracy, and the above is as near the truth as it is possible at this time\\nto reach. This old log meeting-house stood on the north side of the\\ncreek, southwest of Dallas, near the present residence of Andrew\\nMartin. Rev. John E. French, the father of Mrs. Reed, of George-\\ntown, had an appointment here in 1829, and Collin James in 1830, at\\nwhich time these appointments in this county belonged to the Eugene\\ncircuit but all endeavors fail to get any information as to what circuit\\nit belonged previous to that date. The meetings continued to be\\nheld at the old log meeting-house until about 1850, when the two\\nchurches were built in this appointment, one at Dallas, which is still\\noccupied, and one on Mr. Williams land, which has disappeared. This\\nwas from the first known as Lebanon. Among the early preachers\\nhere were Mr. Harshey, Mr. Fairbanks and Mr. Bradshaw. During\\nthe latter period Mr. Charles Baum was one of the most earnest friends\\nof the church. His house was the home of the itinerants, and himself\\nand the members of his family were free in support of the institutions\\nof religion. Since the above was written a letter has been received\\nfrom Mr. Elvin Haworth, to whom, more than to any other one man,\\nthe writer is under obligations for many interesting facts. Not only is\\nhis memory accurate, but his judgment so unbiased and his mind so\\nmethodical, that the writer is certain that full dependence can be placed\\non his statements. The portion of his letter which refers to this par-\\nticular appointment is given: In the year 1824-5 John Cassady set-\\ntled five miles west and Abel Williams six miles west, near Indianola.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0887.jp2"}, "888": {"fulltext": "778 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThey were two substantial Methodists. In the winter of 1825-6 Rev.\\nElijah Yager, my school-teacher, held meetings near here. Mr. Cassady\\nused to come down to his meetings. Pretty soon Messrs. Cassady and\\nWilliams built a church near their places, say in 1827 or 1828, so that\\nthe Methodist church, with all its vicissitudes, has been a church from\\nthe first. In regard to Mr. Yager, he adds: The second school was\\ntaught by Elijah Yager, a Methodist preacher from East Tennessee, in\\nthe winter of 1825-6, in a cabin, one mile northeast. He introduced\\nmore studies and taught declamation. This, of course, was over in\\nElwood township, but is introduced here to show that these men, who\\nwere building up religious institutions, had a healthy belief in the\\nefficiency of common-school education. Some of the preachers whose\\nnames are now recalled were Mr. McReynolds, Mr. Buck, Mr. Crews,\\nDr. Butler, Grenbury Garner, Dr. Davies, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Minier,\\nMr. Johnson and Mr. Hopkins. Most of the old members have gone;\\nMr. Abel Williams only, of the old band who helped to establish re-\\nligious institutions here, is alive, but has left the county. This appoint-\\nment is now known as Indianola circuit, with four appointments: the\\nDallas church, Dickson s school-house, and Gilead and Barnett school-\\nhouses. Flourishing Sabbath-schools are maintained at each of the\\nappointments. The new church at Indianola is one of those beauties\\nin proportions and architectural beauty that one meets seldom in the\\ncountry. Situated on the beautiful hill just west of the village, its\\nelegant spire pointing heavenward, a constant reminder of the hopes\\nand aims of religion, over-looking one of the plainest and unsightly\\nvillages, its beauty, and especially its perfect proportions, its substantial\\nworkmanship and its tasty appearance are a constant surprise and de-\\nlight. If it is not the handsomest church edifice in Vermilion county,\\nit may well be taken for a model for those which are j r et to be built.\\nIt is 37x65, brick, and finished off in the neatest style, and has cost\\n$5,000.\\nThe Baptist church was organized in 1839 by the Bloomfield Asso-\\nciation, and was called the Little Vermilion church. Those members\\nof the Bloomfield church who lived on the Little Vermilion, met on\\nthe Saturday before the fourth Sabbath in August, 1839, and agreed to\\nbe constituted a church. On Saturday before the fourth Sabbath in\\nSeptember, Elder G. W. Riley and Stephen Kennedy constituted a\\npresbytery for the purpose of organizing the church. Then several\\nmembers of the Bloomfield, Middlefork and Brueletts Creek churches,\\nwho were present, were invited to sit in council. Mr. Kennedy acted\\nas moderator and Elder Riley as secretary. The following members\\nwere then constituted a church, council agreeing thereto John Rich-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0888.jp2"}, "889": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 779\\nards, Samuel Porter, Wm. Porter, Elisabeth Waters, Mrs. M. Eiehards,\\nJane Yarnell and Sarah Barnett. Mr. Malichi Mendenhall, who would\\nhave been of the number, and who was in many respects one of the\\nfathers of this pioneer organization, was absent in Ohio. Mr. Porter,\\nMr. Mendenhall and Mr. J. Parker were elected trustees, and Mr.\\nMendenhall, deacon. Elders G. W. Riley and John W. Riley and\\nFreeman Smalley preached for the infant church, and the former was\\nchosen the first pastor in 1844. This organization took place at a log\\nschool-house known as the Yarnell school-house, which stood on the\\nland now owned by Mr. Barnett. The church, which is still occupied,\\nwas built in 1843, is 30x35, and cost $600, and is supplied with a bell.\\nJ. W. Coffman, is the present pastor. A Sabbath-school has been main-\\ntained nearly all the while. It numbers eighty, and W. T. Butler has\\nacted as superintendent for twenty years. The church numbers eighty-\\none members. E. B. Willison, W. PL Adams and Wm. Porter are\\ndeacons. The church is at Indianola.\\nThe Prairie church of the Cumberland Presbyterians, usually\\ncalled the Miller church, was organized in 1866, by Rev. James Ash-\\nmore, with fourteen members, at the Miller school-house. Silas Clark,\\nAlbert Voores and John Carter were the first elders. Mr. Ashmore\\ncontinued to preach for this congregation ten years. Rev. H. Van Dyne\\nfollowed him and served the church two j^ears. Rev. J. H. Hess, of\\nFairmount, is present supply. The church edifice was erected in 1870,\\non land donated by John Carter a frame building, 40x50. Sabbath\\nschool is maintained summers. The present church membership is\\nabout fifty.\\nThe old Newlights or Christians, were the first to hold religious\\nservices of a general or protracted nature in this county. In 1824 Rev.\\nSamuel Magee held a camp-meeting in the neighborhood where Henry\\nJohnson and Absalom Starr settled, which was on the line between\\nthis township and Georgetown. He could command but few hearers, as\\nall that is known as Vermilion county was a howling wilderness, with\\nhere and there a little log-cabin. He showed, however, a large amount\\nof religious zeal and enthusiasm, and collected into his fold nearly all\\nwho were not of the Friends persuasion, and under his ministration\\nthis branch of Zion grew and multiplied. The old gentleman was a\\nmaster in organization, and did not fail to make friends wherever he\\nwent. He was succeeded by his son, who had lacked the ability or dis-\\ncretion of the father, and in a few years succeeded only in scattering\\nthe fold his good father had collected, and this first church organiza-\\ntion was blotted out and forgotten, except by a few of the old residents.\\nBelow will be found a list of officials for the township since 1851", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0889.jp2"}, "890": {"fulltext": "780\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDate.\\n1851.,\\n1852.,\\n1853..\\n1854.\\n1855\\n1856.\\n1857.\\n1858.\\n1859..\\n1860.\\n1861.\\n1862.\\n1863.\\n1864.\\n1865.\\n1866.\\n1867\\n1868\\n1869.\\n1870\\n1871.\\n1872.\\n1873.\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n1876.\\n1877.\\n1878.\\n1879.\\nVote. Supervisor.\\n67... Wm. Spicer.\\n100.\\n.156.\\n.234.\\n.208.\\n.313.\\n.226.\\n.182.\\n.176.\\n.183.\\n.274.\\n.287.\\n.315.\\n.261.\\n.305.\\n.316.\\n.Wm. Spicer.\\nJames Parker\\nJames Parker\\n.G. M. Yapp.\\n..G. M. Yapp...\\n.D. B. Stockton\\n.D. B. Stockton\\n.L. Patterson\\nJ. S. Sconce.\\nJohn Gilgis\\n.John Gilgis\\nJohn Gilgis\\n.John Gilgis\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..R. E. Barnett..\\n..A. H. O Bryant,\\n-F. Gains\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\n.E. Snyder\\n..L. C. Green;...\\n..A. H. O Bryant\\nThis column gives the name\\nJ. R. Newkirk, Collector.\\nA. B. Coggshell, Collector.\\nClerk. Assessor and Collector. Com. of Highways.*\\n.J. B. McHaffie Samuel Sconce. A. H. O Bryant.\\n.J. B. McHaffie Samuel Sconce. .A. Mendenhall.\\nJ. D. Purkins Samuel Sconce. Wm. Spicer.\\nJ. B. McHaffie Samuel Sconce. .James Niccum.\\nJ. D. Purkins J. D. Purkins A. Sandusky.\\n.0. E. D. Culbertson Samuel Sconce. .G. M. Yapp\\n.L. E. Parker James Parker E. B. Willison.\\n.L. E. Parker James Parker John Weaver.\\n.T. G. Wibley James Parker. J. A. Gilkey.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker D. Dickson.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker S. H. Black.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker H. Hedges.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker Wm. Holliday.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker T. R. Moreland.\\n.0. S. Calvert James Parker. .Adam Jackson.\\n..J. H.Wells Michael Fisher. ..C. B. Baum.\\nJ. H. Wells Michael Fisher. .James Parker.\\n.Michael Fisher Michael Fisher. J. S. Sconce.\\n.Michael Fisher Michael Fisher. .John Mann.\\n.S. F. Butler J. R. Newkirk. .G. N. Baum.\\n.S. F. Butler J. R. Newkirk... J. M. Smith.\\n.S. F. Butler J. R. Newkirk. .F. Gains.\\n.S. F. Butler J. R. Newkirk. J. B. McHaffie.\\n.J. B. McHaffie J. H. Wellsf .H. L. Miller.\\nJ. B. McHaffie J. R. Newkirk. .D. A. Baird.\\nJ. B. McHaffie W. F. ManityJ .J. M. McKee.\\n.J. B. McHaffie J. R. Newkirk. .E. Snyder.\\n.Geo. Heileman J. R. Newkirk. .R. E. Barnett.\\n.Geo. Heileman J. R. Newkirk. J. M. Boman.\\nof those elected without reference to date.\\nJustices of the peace Abel Williams, J. D. Purkins, J. Fisher,\\nJames Parker, E. James, Wm. Spicer, Wm. McMillen, D. B. Stock-\\nton, M. Fisher, R. E. Barnett.\\nINDIANOLA.\\nThe town of many names and few historical incidents which now is\\nknown as Indianola, is situated on section 17 (17-12), and is about one\\nmile from the Little Vermilion, about seven from Georgetown, and\\nsixteen from Danville. It was laid out and recorded on the 6th of\\nSeptember, 1836, as Chillicothe. David Baird platted a part of the\\neast half of the southwest quarter of 17,. and William Swank a part of\\nthe west half of the southeast quarter, making one hundred and four\\nlots. The public square in the center had on its north side, North\\nstreet, on its south side, Main street, on its east side, Vermilion street,\\nand on its west, Walnut street. These four streets extended through\\nthe plat, were four rods wide, and were the only streets in the original", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0890.jp2"}, "891": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 781\\ntown all others were alleys. In 1865 John Grilgis, who had become\\nproprietor of the town, caused a re-survey, which did not change its\\ngeography. John Weaver, John Gilgis and W. B. Foster have laid\\nout additions. It was named Chillicothe, probably from Mr. Swank s\\nold home in Ohio, until it came to demand a post-office in 1844, when,\\nowing to there being a town of that name on the Illinois River, a change\\nwas necessary, and the citizens then selected the name of the popular\\ncandidate for vice-president. After it had been so named, another post-\\noffice in the state was named Dallas City, which had the effect of an-\\nnoying the postmaster, Mr. Culbertson, who, without the knowledge or\\nconsent of the citizens, requested the department to change the name to\\nIndianola. This was very unpopular, and it has never been accepted,\\nthus giving rise to the confusion of names which still attaches to the\\nvillage. Indianola has never had railroad facilities, and has never out-\\ngrown its primitive backwoods appearance. There are more old shabby\\nlittle houses, with huge out-door chimneys and old-fashioned slab-sided\\nshanties, than in all the other villages in Vermilion county. Sur-\\nrounded on all sides by the wealthiest farming community in the\\ncounty, it stands, with here and there a notable exception, a memento\\nof days gone by, an architectural phenomenon, which time and taste\\nhave had no impression to remove. Its early growth was retarded by\\nthe circumstances which, in 1837, overthrew the hopes of all men, and\\nderanged all plans. Mr. Atkinson built, in 1837, a small log house\\nwith a frame addition, and kept a few goods there. After his business\\ndays ceased, Guy Merrill became the center of business activity. Mr.\\nA. H. O Bryant came here in 1839, after having lived a year in\\nGeorgetown, and commenced the business of shoemaking, which he\\nhas carried on here nearty forty years. He is now the pioneer resident,\\nbusiness man and statesman of the village. Besides this Merrill build-\\ning, there were three log cabins here. Dr. J. W. Baum, the pioneer\\nphysician, lived in the one now occupied by Rockbill, where he dis-\\npensed calomel and ague medicine to all applicants. David Whittaker\\nlived in a cabin which stood where the hotel now stands, and another\\nstood on the hill east of where the Baptist church now stands. Mr.\\nMcMillen lived in a little frame building opposite Dr. Baum. Mr.\\nO Bryant bought the Guy Merrill building in 1841, and for a number\\nof years carried on the most extensive business in this part of the\\ncounty. Sale shoes had not yet come into fashion, and people must\\nhave shoes. He used to keep three or four hands most of the time.\\nHe usually bought his stock in Chicago. The custom then was,\\namong those of the farmers and pioneers who had sufficient skill and\\nmechanical ingenuity, to make their own shoes and even lasts. Some", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0891.jp2"}, "892": {"fulltext": "782 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntanned their own leather; but, as tanneries grew up the customs\\nchanged. For many years it was common to do custom work at the\\ntan-yards, and every frugal family had their roll of leather laid by,\\nmade from the skins of their slaughtered animals, from which the\\nshoes for the family were made by the nearest shoemaker. The farmer\\nno more expected to buy shoes for his family than to buy pork or lard.\\nMr. Folger had a tan-yard over at El wood, and there the slaughter\\nhides went, and the honest leather returned. Nearly everything went\\nto Chicago in those days, and the wide-awake shoemaker soon learned\\nthat he could turn an honest penny by taking horses or produce to\\nthat new mart, and buy his leather. He says that he has camped at\\nthe Kankakee when there were a hundred teams there. Teams were\\nconstantly going there with grain, bacon, apples and produce of every\\nkind. The hogs were usually driven to Eugene or Perrysville, in\\nIndiana, where large packing establishments cut up nearly the entire\\nhog crop of this country. The hogs from all the country west to the\\nSangamon went through here to the Wabash on foot, and troops of the\\npioneers, with coon-skin caps with tails hanging down the back, from\\nover on the Embarras, used to come through here going to mill. They\\nwere a rough-looking set, and did not belie their looks.\\nMr. Atkinson was, in all probability, the first to go into trade here,\\nbut he was not heavy enough to carry on trade as was then the custom.\\nTwelve months time was the rule with merchants, and nobody expected\\nto give any less. There was no crop which would bring money till\\nabout Christinas. Some would carry off their wheat to Chicago, but\\nwhatever small proceeds came from that was seldom brought back in\\nmoney, but usually in some commodity which was needed in the fam-\\nily. No one bought hogs or cattle till fall, and usually it was mid-win-\\nter before any one had any money to pay a debt at the store or shops.\\nMr. O B. once, before he had become acquainted with prices, agreed to\\ntake his pay for shoeing a family, in pork. When winter came, the\\nfarmer brought in a wagon-load of dressed pork to pay the bill.\\nMr. Wm. Swank put up a house to live in, and had a still-house\\ndown in the bottom where he used to make an occasional barrel of\\nprimitive cure-all and health-preservative, for the neighborhood. He\\nhad attached a little corn-cracker which was run by tread-mill power,\\nwhich served to do the neighborhood grinding. The post-office was\\nestablished in 1844, with Dr. Baum, postmaster. That this little neigh-\\nborhood was soundly democratic, in a political sense, is sufficiently at-\\ntested by their choice of a name Dallas. They held strongly to all the\\ndoctrines held dear by the party of Jacksor and Douglas were for\\nPolk and Dallas and the tariff of 42 were for fifty -four-forty-or-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0892.jp2"}, "893": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 783\\ntight, and extending the area of freedom by marching on Mexico.\\nThe township retains its democratic majority to this day. Dr. Baum\\nkept the office at his house. The office was served from Georgetown\\ntwice a week on foot or horseback, cross-lots, or wherever Hall who\\ncarried the mail for a given amount a trip could find his way. Hall\\nwas a very successful mail-carrier. He used to go by Dave Fisher s\\nhouse, and David wanted him to leave his mail there as he went by.\\nWilling to accommodate the neighbors, he asked the Doctor to let him\\ncarry the key with him so that he could distribute the mail as he came\\nalong the road. The worthy postmaster could not do it, as at that time\\ncongress had not provided a distributing railroad postal service. At\\nthat time every letter had to be way-billed, and entered upon the list\\nkept in the post-office, as express packages are way-billed now and every\\nletter cost twenty-five cents postage, usually payable by the person who\\nreceived it, for it was thought to be the writer s part to write the let-\\nter, and the receiver s to pay for it.\\nJohn Williams kept a general store for a while, and Mr. O Bryant\\nadded a stock of harness, saddlery and clothing to his business. John\\nGilgis came here about 1842, and commenced selling goods where Dr.\\nRalston lives. About 1844 he changed his location to where Frank\\nFoos lives, north of the square. Samuel Sconce came here soon after.\\nHe had lived on the farm west of town where his son James lives, since\\n1831. His wife was one of the famous Waters family before alluded\\nto, and is still living. He was a wide-awake business man, and was\\nreally the first to work up a large mercantile trade. The country was\\nfilling up by this time, and Mr. Sconce found plenty to do in the busi-\\nness he had undertaken. His son commenced business life in this store,\\nand the characteristics which made the father a leader in business cir-\\ncles, and would have brought success in any business enterprise any-\\nwhere, have had a controlling influence on the son. For a time Mr.\\nSconce had as partners in the mercantile business here, Mr. Joseph Bailey,\\nlong a prominent business man of this county, and Mr. Gilgis. Mr.\\nBailey retired in 1857. During the business operation of Bailey, Sconce\\nCo., it was not an uncommon thing to sell five hundred dollars worth\\nof goods a day. It was before railroads were built, and this was as good\\na point to trade as in Danville. This was the golden era of mercan-\\ntile business in Indianola. Sconce and Gilgis are both dead. Dr. Baum\\ncontinued to live and practice here until his death. William James\\nwas in business here a few years. John U. Grace has had the longest\\nexperience of any now here. Mr. O Bryant is still pegging away, as\\nthe shoemakers would say. The first school-house was built in 1843.\\nThis was a log house, and answered every purpose until about 1850,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0893.jp2"}, "894": {"fulltext": "784 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwhen the seminary was built. This was built by donations, and for a\\nnumber of years a successful school was carried on. Some of the best\\neducators in the country were employed here, and the institution was\\na success. Among those whose work here was strikingly successful,\\nwere Prof. Brownell and wife, and Prof. Marshall and wife. After the\\nstate adopted the plan of levying a school-tax, it became evident that\\nthis school could not be carried on as it had been, and the building was\\nsold to the district, with the understanding that the upper story might\\nstill be at the disposal of the seminary. The present high school sys-\\ntem has taken the place of all these seminaries.\\nVermilion Lodge, No. 265, A.F. A.M., was instituted on the 6th\\nof October, 1858. The charter members were O. P. Wilson, W.M.\\nJoshua Van Fleet, S.W. W. T. Dickson, J. W. J. S. Sconce, M. M.\\nRedford, John Gilgis and Hiram Brown. The Masters in succession\\nhave been: J. S. Sconce, four years; J. Van Fleet, two years; H. B.\\nWhittington, four years; J. H.Williams, A. H. O Bryant, four years;\\nW. T. Butler, three years J. R. Newkirk, J. R. Grace, two years.\\nThe present officers are: J. R. Grace, W.M. E. J. Newkirk, S.W.\\nF. B. Barnett, J.W. George Heileman, Secretary S. Dickson, Treas-\\nurer M. F. Cummings, S.D. Oliver Julian, J.D. L. C. Rockhill, T.\\nThe Lodge owns its hall, and meets first and third Saturdays in each\\nmonth. It has a large membership, and is otherwise in a prosperous\\ncondition.\\nThe Iola Lodge, No. 584, 1.O.O.F., was chartered in October, 1875,\\nwith the following charter members H. E. P. Talbott, N.G. J. H.\\nWhartly, V.G. R. R. Worthington, Secretary Bernard Lamcool,\\nTreasurer; George Heileman and J. L. Rowan. The Lodge has built\\nand owns its hall. It numbers sixteen members, and meets Friday\\nnights. The present officers are William Mavity, N.G. George\\nHeileman, V.G. S. Stevens, Secretary; L. C. Green, Treasurer; R.\\nR. Worthington, Deputy.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nJ. B. McDowell, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nChristian county, Kentucky, on the 26th of January, 1802, and lived\\nthere about fourteen years. He then, with his parents, settled in what\\nis now Crawford county, Illinois, and lived there seven years. They\\nthen, in 1823, came to his present place, and he has lived here since.\\nOn the 20th of March, 1834, he married Miss Eleanor Yarnell. She\\nwas born in Harrison county, Kentucky, and died here. They had five\\nchildren, four living: Jane, Win. R., John A. and Sarah. On the 20th\\nof April, 1850, he married Miss Nancy Ellis. She also died here. His\\npresent wife was Miss Sarah Purley. Mr. McDowell was in Capt.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0894.jp2"}, "895": {"fulltext": "^c^nn^^^( rUcr7i^", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0895.jp2"}, "896": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0896.jp2"}, "897": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 785\\nHult s company, Col. Kossmore, during the Winnebago war. They\\nmarched to Joliet and built a fort, and scouted along the Fox Kiver.\\nHe has hauled produce to Chicago by team as early as 1836. Winn\\nhe first came to this county they had to camp out, and they did con-\\nsiderable hunting. He has owned over eleven hundred acres of land,\\nbut has given all to his children except one hundred and ninety-five\\nacres in this county and one hundred and sixty in Douglas, which he\\nreserves as a competency for his old age. His father died in Crawford\\ncounty, Illinois, on his return from a visit in Kentucky, in 1824. His\\nmother died here on the present place about 1849.\\nDavid Dickson, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, whose portrait\\nappears in this work, was born in Lewis county, Kentucky, on the 13th\\nof December, 1806, and lived there until March, 1824, when he came\\nto Illinois with his parents, and settled on his present place, locating\\nin Carroll township, Vermilion county. At the age of twenty he began\\nworking for himself, going to the salt works, where he worked until\\nthe 15th of February, 1827. He then went to Galena and worked in\\nthe lead mines until the fall. While there he saw the vessel on which\\nthe Winnebagoes fired and caused the war that followed. On the 3d of\\nAugust, 1829, he married Miss Margaret Walters. She was born in\\nStafford county, Virginia, and moved to Kentucky with her parents in\\n1824, and to Illinois in 1828, settling at Brooks Point, this county.\\nThey had four children, three living: Silas, Parmelia J. and Jamina;\\nRobert died. Mr. Dickson being one of the earliest settlers of this\\npart, knows well the meaning of pioneer life. He has hauled produce\\nto Chicago as early as 1835. He has driven stock to New York and\\nPhiladelphia, going on foot, making the trip in eighty-five days, and\\nthe fat cattle he fed in 1839 were probably the first ever fed on the\\nLittle Vermilion. His three living children are married, and live near\\nby. He has four hundred acres of land, which he reserves as a compe-\\ntency for himself and wife, having given one thousand acres to his chil-\\ndren. Among the many pleasant incidents of his life was the golden\\nwedding celebrated by himself and wife, on the 3d of August, 1879.\\nJ. P. Swank, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 18th of December, 1824, on a farm on\\nthe present site of Indianola, and lived there with his parents until the\\n18th of February, 1850, when he married Miss Phebe Dickson. She was\\nbom in this county on the 27th of May, 1829. After his marriage he\\nengaged in farming on his own account, and in 1855 came to his pres-\\nent place. They had five children Albert D., Gilbert, Robert P.,\\nNancy S. and Edward. He owns three hundred and thirty acres in\\nthis county, which he has earned by his own labor. His parents, Capt.\\n50", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0897.jp2"}, "898": {"fulltext": "786 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam and Polly Lloyd Swank, were natives of Putnam count}\\nOhio. He served in the war of 1S12, enlisting as a private, and was\\npromoted to captain. In 1823 he settled in Younts Grove, Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois. They had eight children.\\nJohn Mendenhall, Ridge Farm, farmer and stock-raiser, is one of\\nthe early settlers of this county. He was born in Greene county, Ohio,\\nin 1809, and lived there fifteen years. He then w r ith his parents came\\nto Illinois and settled near his present place. He lived with his parents\\ntwenty-two years. On the 24th of November, 1831, he married Miss\\nRebecca Mills, who was born in Tennessee. After his marriage he\\nbegan farming on his own account, improving some wild land belonging\\nto his father. In 1834 or 1835 he hauled his first load of produce to Chi-\\ncago. He is no office seeker. He owns two hundred and twenty acres\\nof land in this county, which he- has earned by his own labor and man-\\nagement. By his marriage there have been eleven children born, seven\\nliving: Miliken, Jane, Sarah, Aaron, John, Rebecca E. and Louisa.\\nHis parents, Aaron and Lydia Horney (Anderson) Mendenhall were\\nnatives of North Carolina and Nantucket Island. The} were married\\nin Greene county, Ohio, and settled here in 1824, where both have\\nsince died.\\nWilson Swank, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois, born on the 15th of July, 1825, in Elwood\\ntownship, where he lived twenty-five years. He then went to Wiscon-\\nsin, and lived there five years. On the 25th of January, 1825, he mar-\\nried Miss Mary Jane Dickson. She was born in this county, and died\\nin 1856. In 1858 he went to Minnesota, thence to Texas, and in 1859\\nhe returned to this county. On the 20th of March, 1865, he married\\nMiss Eliza Bay less. She was born in Mason county, Kentucky. They\\nhave four children, three living: Emerson, Rosa A. and Annie. He\\nis no office seeker, and has held no offices except those connected with\\nthe schools. He owns one hundred and seventy acres of land in this\\ncounty, which he has earned by his own labor. He has hauled produce\\nto Chicago as early as 1838, and is well acquainted with the hardships\\nof early days in the county.\\nSamuel P. Donovan, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born\\nin Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 27th of August, 1829. His\\nfather died when he was about sixteen years of age. He continued to\\nlive with his mother until the 17th of March, 1860, when he went to\\nColorado, and took up a claim and worked it three months, clearing $700.\\nHe then went prospecting. At one time he was one of a party of\\nfifty -two commanded by Kit Carson, and for one year of the time he\\ndid not see a white woman. They traveled in Colorado, Arizona,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0898.jp2"}, "899": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 787\\nNew Mexico, Utah, California, and at the end of two years he returned\\nto Central City, and worked by the day for one year, receiving eight\\ndollars per day, thus saving $2,000. He then went in partnership with\\nMr. Charles Jones, of Brandon, Vermont. They worked thirty hands\\ntwo years, then sold out for $25,000. Mr. Donovan then came home\\nand bought his present place. On the 28th of September, 1865, he\\nmarried Miss Lydia A. Stnnkard. She was born in Indiana, and died\\non the 10th of November, 1872. On the 8th of February, 1874, he\\nmarried Miss Sarah Jane Pollard:, who was born in England. They\\nhave two children Martha L. and William O. Mr. Donovan owns\\ntwo hundred and eighty-eight acres of land in this county.\\nSilas Dickson, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois. He was born on his father s farm in Carroll\\ntownship, on the 25th of May, 1830, and lived here until he was\\nthirty-five years of age, when he moved to Edgar county, and lived\\nthere seven years. He then came to Indianola, and has lived here\\nsince. On the 13th of October, 1864, he married Miss Frances Foos,\\nwho was born in Ohio, and came to Vermilion county, Illinois, with\\nher parents. They have three children Evalena, Robert and Alburtus.\\nMr. Dickson is no office-seeker, and has held no offices except those\\nconnected with the schools. He owns six hundred acres of land in\\nthis and Edgar counties, part of which adjoins the village of Indianola.\\nJames S. Sconce, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of\\nVermilion county, Illinois, born on the 14th of November, 1831, and\\nhas always made his home in this county. He lived with his parents\\nuntil he was twenty-four years of age, during which time he received\\na libera] education, and at the age of twenty-three he took a drove of\\ncattle to Wisconsin, and sold out the same during the summer. In\\n1855 he took a position as clerk in the store of Bailey Sconce, at\\nIndianola, Illinois, and remained in this until 1859, when he went to\\nKansas, and preempted one hundred and sixty acres of land in Lyon\\ncounty. At the end of three months he returned to Illinois, and\\ntraded his Kansas farm for land here in Illinois. He then engaged in\\nstock business buying, selling and shipping which he continued\\nuntil fall of 1860, when he married Miss Emma, daughter of Harvey\\nSodowsky. She was born in this county. After his marriage he lived\\none year with his father-in-law, and then came to his present place,\\nand has lived here since. They had three children, two of whom are\\nliving: Anna and Harvey J. The farm contains twenty-one hundred\\nacres, well located, and upon which is a very elegant brick residence.\\nHis parents, Samuel and Nancy (Waters) Sconce, were natives of\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, and were born on the 29th of October,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0899.jp2"}, "900": {"fulltext": "788 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1802, and on the 2d of September, 1808, respectively. He came to\\nIllinois in 1828, and settled in this county in 1829. Mrs. Sconce came\\nhere in 1829 with her parents. The marriage took place at Brooks\\nPoint in this count) 7 in 1S30, at the residence of Mr. Waters. They\\nengaged in farming, and continued this until 1852, during which time\\nhe was very successful, and was one of the prominent and well-known\\nfarmers of this section of the county. In 1852 he engaged in the\\ngenera] merchandise business in Indianola, the firm being Bailey\\nSconce, which continued until 1858. Mr. Sconce continued until the\\nbig fire in the village, since which time he lived a retired life until his\\ndeath, on the 9th of January, 1874. Mr. Sconce was one of the early\\nsettlers of this township, in which he served a number of years as\\nassessor and collector. In 1849 he drove about two hundred fat cattle\\nto Philadelphia, where he sold about half the lot, and drove the balance\\nto New York, going afoot the entire trip. He also hauled produce to\\nChicago in early days. Mrs. Sconce is living here with her son.\\nAbraham Sandusky, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native\\nof Bourbon county, Kentucky, born on the 24th of March, 1833. In\\nthe fall of the same year he with his parents came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, where he lived with them until he was thirty-five years of\\nage. On the 16th of December, 1869, he married Miss Ella Baird,\\nwho was born in this county. After his marriage he began improving\\nhis present place, and in 1871 he settled on the same, and has lived\\nhere since. He owns seven hundred and seventy acres here in one\\nbody, located fourteen miles southwest of Danville, and three and one\\nhalf miles from Georgetown or Indianola. It is well adapted to stock-\\nraising, in which he is largely interested.\\nDavid P. Fisher, Indianola, retired, was born in Brown county,\\nOhio, in 1809, and lived there until he was eighteen years of age. He\\nthen moved to Indiana. He lived there seven years, and in 1834 he\\ncame to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled on his present place.\\nIn 1833 he worked in Chicago. On the 22d of April, 1834, he mar-\\nried Miss Jane Weaver. She was born in Clermont county, Ohio,\\nand was raised in Brown county, of the same state. In 1828 she came\\nwest with her parents, who settled in Vermilion county. Mr. Fisher\\nowns thirteen hundred and twenty-five acres of land in this county.\\nThey had five children, four living: Michael, John, George and Lu-\\ncinda. Mr. Fisher knows Chicago from the very earliest periods, for,\\nin addition to having worked there in 1833, he has hauled produce\\nthere, having made his first trip as early as 1835.\\nThe parents of Mr. J. M. Ross, of Fairmount, came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1830. Here he was born on the 19th of June, 1834, and", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0900.jp2"}, "901": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 789\\nthis has been his home since. On the 22d of March, 1861, he was\\nmarried to Rebecca Carter, daughter of Harvey and Charlotte (Clark)\\nCarter. She was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1839.\\nThey have a family of four sons and five daughters James T., Will-\\niam C, Victor L., Frank, Yea A., Dolie M., Minervia, Lottie C, Lydia.\\nMr. and Mrs. Ross are members of the C. P. church, and own a fine\\nstock farm of four hundred acres, with good improvements.\\nJames A. Dickson, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 5th of December, 1834. His father\\ndied in 1837, and he lived with his mother until he was twenty years\\nof age. He then moved near his present place and improved a farm.\\nAfterward he moved about three miles south, thence to his present\\nplace. In November, 1860, he married Miss Amanda J. Sheppard.\\nShe was born in this county. They had four children, three living\\nJohn W., Simon A. and Charles E. Mr. Dickson owns four hundred\\nand forty acres in this county, which he has principally earned by his\\nown labor. He hauled apples to Chicago as early as 1857. He is no\\noffice seeker, his only office being connected with the school and road.\\nHis parents, John and Elizabeth Doyle Dickson, were natives of Ken-\\ntucky. They were married in Kentucky, and came to Illinois in the\\nspring of 1824, and settled in Vermilion county, where they lived\\nuntil their death.\\nJosiah Sandusky, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on his present place in Carroll township, on\\nthe 11th of September, 1837, and has always lived on this place. At\\nthe age of twenty-two he began doing business on his own account,\\nfarming and raising stock, and has followed the same since. By the\\ndeath of his parents his present, the old homestead, farm became his\\nproperty. On the 18th of December, 1873, he married Miss Margaret\\nMoreland. She was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky. They had\\ntwo children, one living Pearl. He owns one thousand acres in this\\ncounty. He is largely interested in stock-raising, and confines his\\nbusiness to the finest breeds. At the present time he has eight trotting\\nhorses, among which is Denmark, with a record of 2.40, and promises\\n2.20 at no distant day. The group also includes Black Cloud, who has\\nmade 2.40.\\nE. B. Willison, Sr., Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nAlleghany county, Maryland, on the 15th of December, 1804, and\\nlived there until 1831, living on the farm twenty-one years. He then\\nlearned the carpenter s trade. In 1831 he moved to Ohio and engaged\\nat his trade. In 1835 he married- Miss Deborah Bryan. She was born\\nin Ohio, and died on the 17th of April, 1849. In 1839 they came to", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0901.jp2"}, "902": {"fulltext": "790 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nVermilion county, Illinois, and settled near Indianola. On the 4th of\\nNovember, 1849, he married Mrs. Briggs, formerly Miss Ruth Davis.\\nShe was born in Ohio. By his first marriage there were six children,\\nthree living James B., John C. and Mary E. and by the second mar-\\nriage six children, five living: E. B., jr., Joseph A., Elmar A., Nancy\\nM. and Deborah R. He owns two hundred and ninety-eight acres of\\nland in this county, which he has earned by his own labor. He has\\nheld the offices of justice of the peace, road commissioner and school\\ntrustee and director. He is a well known and highly respected citizen.\\nW. H. Adams, Indianola, tile manufacturer and farmer, was born in\\nCarroll township, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 17th of January,\\n1840, and lived with his parents twenty years. He then learned the\\nwagon manufacturing trade, and in 1862 enlisted in the 25th 111. Reg.,\\nCo. D, and remained in service over three years. He was in the bat-\\ntles of Chickamauga, Nashville, Atlanta campaign, etc. etc. He was\\nwounded at Murfreesborough again at Chickamauga and Mission\\nRidge. After his discharge he returned to Vermilion county, and fol-\\nlowed his trade for four years. On the 1st of February, 1866, he mar-\\nried Miss Lydia Mendenhall. She was born in this county. In 1869\\nhe engaged in farming, and has continued the same since. In 1878 he\\nerected a kiln and a 200 x 20 shed and 40-foot drain mill, and engaged\\nin the manufacture of tile, and has now facilities for making five thou-\\nsand 4-inch per day.\\nJ. A. McDowell, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois. He was born in Carroll township, on the 16th of\\nNovember, 1841, and has here always made his home. He lived with his\\nparents until 1863, when he took charge of his sister s farm, and in 1864\\nhe moved to a place of his own. On the 25th of April, 1865, he mar-\\nried Miss Mary Ramsey. She was born in this county, and died on the\\n26th of November, 1866. On the 18th of November, 1869, he married\\nMiss Emma C. Porter. She was born in this county, on the 3d of\\nApril, 1849. They had six children, five living: Gracie P., Jennie E.,\\nCarrie, Freddie W., and Ray W. In November, 1869, he came to his\\npresent farm, and in 1875 he occupied his present elegant brick resi-\\ndence. He owns six hundred acres of land in this county, located in\\nthe southwest part of Carroll township and the southeast part of Sidell\\ntownship.\\nJohn B. Hildreth, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 19th of March, 1S42, and has always\\nlived in this county. At the age of twenty-one he began working for\\nhimself, farming part of his father s farm until 1870, when he got con-\\ntrol of two hundred acres. On the 10th of October, 1869, he married", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0902.jp2"}, "903": {"fulltext": "CARROLL TOWNSHIP. 791\\nMiss Philette Koss, who was born in Indiana, and died here on the\\n20th of March, 1875. They had four children, three living: Carrie A.,\\nAlice and Philette. On the 26th of August, 1875, he married Miss\\nEliza Barnett, who was born in this county near their present place.\\nThey had two children, one living, Daisy. Mr. Hildreth owns live\\nhundred and thirty-three acres of land in this and Edgar counties. His\\nparents, Alvin K. and Sarah E. (Ritter) Hildreth, were natives of Bour-\\nbon county, Kentucky. They came to this county about 1832, and\\nlived here until their deaths, on the 19th of July, 1874, and on the\\n4th of July, 1877, respectively.\\nM. L. Hill, Catlin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Wayne\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 15th of October, 1828, and lived there two\\nyears. He then, with his parents, moved to Crawford county, Illi-\\nnois, where he lived until he was twelve years of age. They then\\nmoved to Clark county, where his mother died. He next moved to\\nOwen county, Indiana, thence to York, Illinois, where he learned the\\ncarpenter s trade, and in 1848 he went to Danville, Illinois, and lived\\nthere until 1853. He then moved to Georgetown, where, in the spring\\nof 1854, he married Miss Nancy E. Hewitt, who was born in this\\ncounty. They have seven children: James W., M. L., jr., Charles W.,\\nEli E., George, Oscar W. and Archie H. In 1859 Mr. Hill en-\\ngaged in farming on his present place. In 1862 he enlisted in the 125th\\n111. Reg., Co. D, and remained in the service till the close of the war.\\nHe was in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, the Atlanta cam-\\npaign and the march to the sea. He owns two hundred and thirty-four\\nacres of land in this county. He returned to his farm after the war,\\nand has lived here since.\\nDr. J. W. Ralston, Indianola, physician, was born in Williamson\\ncounty, Tennessee, on the 12th of February, 1S34, and lived there\\ntwelve years, when, with his parents, he moved to Indiana, and settled\\nin Rockville, where he lived until 1855. In 1852 he began reading\\nmedicine under Drs. Rice and Allen and Dr. Strieker. He next at-\\ntended the Ohio Medical College, of Cincinnati, for about six months.\\nHe then attended the Rush Medical College, of Chicago, and then\\ncame to Indianola. He began practice on the 1st of June, 1855, and\\nhas practiced here since. In the winter of 1867-8 he graduated at the\\nRush Medical College. On the 15th of October, 1S56, he married\\nMiss Permelia, daughter of Mr. David Dickson, one of the early pio-\\nneers of this county. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois.\\nJohnathan Gaines, Indianola, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nGreene county, Ohio, on the 23d of May, 1827, and lived there nine-\\nteen years. He then came to Illinois, and settled in Edgar county,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0903.jp2"}, "904": {"fulltext": "792 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwhere he lived until 1856, when he came to Vermilion county, and\\nsettled on his present place. In September, 1854, he married Miss\\nLucinda Gilkey. She was born in this count} 7 They had twelve chil-\\ndren, ten living Laura A., William, James S., Ralph, Eva, Charles,\\nWalter, Ernest, Fred, and Gracie G. In 1848 Mr. Gaines drove cattle\\nto Philadelphia, going on horseback, and made the trip each of the\\nfollowing eight years, and has shipped cattle every year since. He\\ntook cattle to Chicago in 1852, and has been in that city every year\\nsince. He owns eight hundred acres of land, which he has earned by\\nhis own labor and management.\\nMIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP.\\nThe town of Middle Fork, as its name indicates, lies in that part of\\nthe county where the three main branches unite and form the stream\\nof that name. It is bounded on the north by Butler, east by Ross,\\nsouth by Blount and Pilot, and west by the county line; is parallelo-\\ngram in form, and geographically embraces the north half of town 21,\\nrange 13 the southern four tiers of sections of town 22, range 13\\nthe northeast quarter of town 21, range 14, and the southern four tiers\\nof the east half of town 22, range 14.\\nAt the time of township organization it included not only all of\\nButler township, but all of what is now Ford county, running up to\\nthe Kankakee River, and was more than sixty miles long. At that time\\n(1851) there was not an inhabitant north of what is known as Blue\\nGrass Grove, until you reached the vicinity of the Kankakee River,\\nwhere a few families had collected around Horse Creek, who, in their\\npioneer independence, were unwilling to recognize the authority which\\nheld its seat of justice at Danville, seventy-five miles to the south.\\nUncle Richard Courtney, who, by the untrammeled and virtuous suf-\\nfrages of the honest yeomen of Middle Fork, in the year 1852, was\\nelected to the lucrative office of assessor, relates a little incident which\\noccurred to him in the official discharge of his duties, with these\\nHorse Creek denizens, which is laughable enough, but which did\\nnot strike Richard as at all funny when it happened. With a due\\nregard for the sanctity of his oath, and determined to leave no property\\nunassessed, after he had carefully noted down all the wealth which lay\\nscattered between Blue Grass and Higginsville, he bestrode the best\\nhorse he had, and, taking three days rations of dried venison and cold\\ncorn-cake, he took his lonely way across the grand prairie to search out", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0904.jp2"}, "905": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 793\\nthe tangible property, moneys and credits of these few families whose\\nvast accumulations of filthy lucre and hidden treasure were proble-\\nmatical, to say the very least. Courtney was no novice at this business\\nof hunting out\\nThings that were palpable to sight and touch,\\nThat he could measure by the test, how much,\\nAnd grasp securely in his mental clutch.\\nIndeed he was a man of large experience in financial affairs, having\\nearly, when even yet a boy, engaged in trade, and had bought and sold\\na great deal of land. A hard day s drive brought him to the cabins on\\nHorse Creek, and, taking a night s rest, at the first he proceeded to\\nunfold to the inhabitants, in a few well-chosen remarks, the objects of\\nhis mission. They theoretically placed their thumbs on their noses\\nand wagged the extended fingers of their hands, which was pioneer\\nparlance for you can t come it. He expostulated, reasoned of the\\nrighteousness of his cause, the temperance of his manner, and the\\njudgment which was sure to come upon them if they resisted his meek\\nmeasures but, unlike Felix, they did not tremble worth a cent. They\\ntold him they never heard of Middle Fork had never attended her\\ntown meetings, and utterly repudiated her authority that the year\\nbefore a Kankakee assessor had come prowling around nosing into their\\naffairs, wanting to assess them, and that they would bring to grief any\\nVermilion assessor who undertook to do what the Kankakee chap\\nfound he could not do. To make matters worse, a Protestant Methodist\\npreacher, whose name is forgotten, or he certainly should have the\\nbenefit of a first-class notice, fell on poor Richard, who was only a\\nMethodist Episcopal christian, and brother of a preacher of that per-\\nsuasion, and told him he did not expect anything better from such as he\\nthat his entire church was a priest-ridden, bishop-ruled, elder-dictated,\\npoor, despised, crushed community, and poured a flood of light into\\nthe benighted mental vision of the publican, which an entire course in\\na Methodist theological seminary could hardly have equaled. He\\npointed to Courtney in fiery language, highly touched off with a flavor\\nof sulphurous smoke, what a religion which pinned its faith to the\\nsurplices of a bench of bishops must inevitably lead to, and plainly\\nintimated to the crowd that this assessor was a minion of the Episcopacy\\nthinly hid behind the gauzy veil of township organization. Assert-\\ning that it was what he had long expected, and slapping his hands to-\\ngether, said that this expectation was the very thing which had in-\\nduced him to break with the priest-ridden M. E. church. To make\\nthe matter short, they set the women on him with brooms and mop-\\nsticks to drive him from their midst. He was not in the habit of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0905.jp2"}, "906": {"fulltext": "794 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ngiving up at trifles, but the array of armed women was no trifle in\\nCourtney s estimation, and he betook himself to contemplative study.\\nThere stood his oath, recorded in heaven, that he would assess the\\nvalue of these people s property. What was he to do A bright\\nthought struck him. There resided in their midst a sort of backwoods\\nlawyer, whom they called squire, whose words and opinions had\\ncome to be considered law in the settlement. As he had no property\\nof his own, he could well afford to offer his services to help Courtney\\nout. His kind offer was thankfully accepted, and Richard was him-\\nself again. So it was arranged that the heads of the dozen families\\nliving there should come to the squire s cabin that night, and he\\nwould make known their duty under the law. Law is law sen-\\ntentiously said the accommodating squire, and I cannot let these\\nneighbors of mine be dragged away from their families a hundred\\nmiles by your sheriff in Danville, if I can be the happy means under\\nDivine Providence of preventing it. The convocation was held, and,\\nin an orderly manner, Courtney explained the situation. He had a\\nfair share of eloquence for a young man of limited word power, and\\npresented his side of the case in a masterly manner. After long dis-\\ncussion the squire decided that their little property was liable to assess-\\nment, and the faithful assessor felt as a great general does when a great\\nvictory is won. He felt different, however, a few moments later, when\\nthe kind squire charged him $2.50 for his friendly counsel. It was\\nnot safe to leave that county without paying the bill, and it took all the\\nmoney he had. He got back to Blue Grass, however, without losing\\nhis horse or throwing up his commission. The board of town auditors\\nallowed and paid him $3 for that part of his services. It was several\\nlong years before he was induced, by the urgent request of his friends,\\nto accept the office of assessor again, and for many years he has held\\nto the opinion, pretty strongly, that until the unwelcomed advent of\\nthat horde of Chinese barbarians upon our Pacific slope there was not\\nin America a class of people who had darker ways or vainer tricks than\\nthe lawyers. When the collector went there the following winter to\\nmake collections, he found a few parties who would not pay their tax,\\nand he levied upon the only articles he could transport and, thinking\\nhe could not find any bidders in that neighborhood, he carried a shot-\\ngun and a log-chain all the way to Danville, out of which to make the\\ntax.\\nThe township contained, originally, about twelve sections of timber\\nland, which was more in the form of pretty, well defined groves, with\\nlittle of undergrowth, and hazel-brush patches which have since grown\\ninto timber land, than of what is generally called timber. The main", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0906.jp2"}, "907": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FOKK TOWNSHIP. 795\\nbranch of the Middle Fork, which comes into the township from the\\ndirection of Oliver s Grove, passes nearly through the town till its\\njunction with Bean Creek, when it turns southwest and passes out.\\nAlong this, after leaving the main body of timber on the south, were\\nCollison s Point, Colwell Timber, Partlow s Timber, Douglass Moore\\nTimber and Buck Grove. The Blue Grass branch, which comes from\\nthe north, joining the main branch near Marysville, had on it Bob\\nCourtney s Grove and Blue Grass Grove. Bean Creek, which, so far\\nas its name is concerned, has a history. It had Merritt s Point, and\\nnumerous clumps, which were early the homes of those who, like Al-\\nbright, wanted the advantages which shade and shelter gave to grow-\\ning herds and fatting cattle. Of all the localities in northern Vermilion\\nnone offered a finer opportunity than the town of Middle Fork for\\nearly settlement and comfortable homes. In truth of this, the fine\\nfarms, the nice residences, the general prosperity, and the uncommon\\nprosperity of a few, all show the town in the best possible light. There\\nwere drawbacks, however, that some other localities did not have.\\nMan} 7 of the first settlers made their homes along the creek bottoms,\\nseeking protection from the real or imaginary prairie blasts, and trying\\nto use the water of the streams. Without one known exception, such\\nfamilies were the subjects of frequent, severe and fatal sickness. In the\\nlight of the present it seems strange that they should have selected such\\nplaces for their homes. The families which made their homes on the\\nedge of the prairies were not more troubled by sickness than others in\\nnew countries. An early settler, when asked why the rich prairies\\nwere so long left vacant, replied Why if we had known that any-\\nbody could live out there, we would have saved ourselves a great deal\\nof trouble. It was really believed that they would only be of use as\\npastures for the great herds of cattle that would roam over them, as the\\nherds do over the vast pampas of South America.\\nThe streams through the pieces of timber were peculiar in one re-\\nspect. When first found they seemed to have worn no channels for\\nthe water-courses. Every little rain spread them out into great ponds.\\nWhether it was owing to the peculiar nature of the soil, or whatever\\nmay have been the cause or causes, they did not wear channels deep in\\nthe soil. Wherever there was an obstruction, as a fallen tree, the water\\npoured over and made a deep pond-hole, which remained deep the year\\naround. In these deep places large fish were caught. A gentleman,\\nwhose word is entitled to the utmost credit, says that he has known of\\nthe catching of a pike in the township fully four feet long. This might\\nbe set down by some as a fish story, but the writer believes it to be\\ntrue.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0907.jp2"}, "908": {"fulltext": "796 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe Bine Grass tract, which lay around and through the Blue Grass\\nGrove, covered several thousand acres, and has been the subject of\\nmuch speculation. It was originally supposed by some to have been\\nthe growth of seeds brought here in some way by the Indians. This\\nview, however, has been pretty generally abandoned, as the history and\\nphenomena of grasses have become better known. One of the most\\nsingular things about these great prairies is, that the native grass which\\nwas found growing everywhere when man came here, and which for\\nages has maintained itself against all the natural elements of extinction,\\nhas neither seed nor any other organs of propagation. When once\\nkilled or circumscribed in any way, it could not by any process again\\nspread. It was not merely comparatively, but positively impossible to\\nspread it. So far as the writer s knowledge goes, it was in this respect\\nanomalous. Nature does not seem to have furnished another case of\\nactual absence of the quality of propagation. Wherever this was de-\\nstroyed nature supplied its place with another grass, and in this part of\\nthe state that natural growth was blue-grass, which was, and is, just as\\nmuch a natural growth as was the prairie grass. The Pottawatomie\\nand Kickapoo Indians had long had a home in this grove. They had\\ncultivated in their own rude way a small patch of corn, which had de-\\nstroyed the prairie grass not only where they had actually planted, but\\nall around where they lived and where their horses stayed. Blue-grass\\nrun in, as the saying is, or more correctly, was furnished by nature\\naccording to a not well understood natural law. And this is all the\\nmystery there is in regard to the great blue-grass pasture that was found\\nhere.\\nThe first settlers found corn growing here. Their method of plant-\\ning and cultivating differed somewhat from that in vogue since Brown\\ninvented his corn-planter, and can be easily described. No plow was\\nknown to Indian farming. The corn was planted in hills, little less\\ndistant than now, and was hoed by the women, and hilled up about as\\nwe do potatoes. The next year the hills were planted between the\\nrows of last year s stalks, and the earth which had been hilled up\\naround the former was removed, as needed, to the growing hills, to\\nhill them up. The only variet} 7 of corn they were known to use\\nhere was the peculiarly spotted ears, red and white. When the corn\\nwas harvested it was not cribbed in pine lumber brought from Green\\nBay, but caves were dug in the dry knolls, in which it was buried until\\nit was wanted.\\nThe earliest settlements were made in what is now Middle Fork, in\\n1828. Mr. Partlow and wife came from Kentucky in 1829 with their\\nfour sons, Samuel, James, Reuben and John, and their son-in-law, Asa", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0908.jp2"}, "909": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 797\\nBrown. The} were all married and had families, and were all earnest\\nmembers of the Methodist church. The} made a cabin at Merrill s\\nPoint, and the sons took claims in sections 5, 6, 7 and 8 (21-13), south\\nof where Armstrong now is. John and James were licensed preachers,\\nand were probably the first ones to make a residence here. The par-\\nents died the first year, and the family had to bury them themselves.\\nThey brought a number of cattle with them from Kentucky, and the\\nmigration bid fair to prove a prosperous one but the first year was\\nfollowed by the memorable winter of the deep snow, the like of which\\nhas never been seen here since. It was to the new-comers a most un-\\nexpected and disastrous winter. The depth of the snow prevented\\ngetting around to do anything. They had to live on what they could\\npound up in their mortars. Deer, the principal meat-producing game,\\nwere easily captured, but they soon became so poor that their meat was\\nnot fit to eat. There was no such thing as going to market, and their\\ncattle died from lack of food and care. The winter filled up the\\nmeasure of their disappointment, and the next year they took the back\\ntrack and went to Kentucky, all but Asa Brown, who said he had\\nnothing to go to there, and he could but perish if he staid. They\\nafterward returned and settled on the land they had taken up. which\\nhas been known from that day to this now fifty years as the Partlow\\nneighborhood. They all lived to bring up families, some members of\\nwhom still reside there. Samuel and Keuben died in Danville, where\\ntheir children live, and are among the most respected and worthy\\ncitizens. John and James died here in Middle Fork. When they\\ncame here they brought the institutions of religion with them, and\\nnever allowed the altar to grow cold. About 1840 they built the first\\nmeeting-house in this part of the county a rude cabin on the bank of\\nthe stream on Reuben s land. There is no family which has exercised\\na greater or better influence on the town an influence for good which\\nwill be felt till the last.\\nMichael Cook was one of the first to settle here. He died soon,\\nand was buried in a little graveyard a half mile from Meneely s mill on\\nthe hill. William Bridges came here in 1830, and settled one and a\\nhalf miles south of Marysville. He resided there seven years. He\\nwas a man of strong good sense. He sold and went to Wisconsin, when\\nthe rush was in that direction. Mr. Gray bought the place. He was\\nnot much of a farmer, and gave his time largely to the chase. His\\nfamily had much sickness, and his place deteriorated, and part of the\\nclearing again grew up to trees. Passing by it to-day it is not difficult\\nto see in the timber the place where, forty-five years ago, wheat was\\nwaving in the June breezes. This man Gray was a character. He", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0909.jp2"}, "910": {"fulltext": "798 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nused to come in out of the timber every election day as regular as a\\ntea-party, following the blazed trees out to civilization he seldom\\ncame out at any other time voted the democratic ticket as regularly\\nand unanimously as if he had been brought up to it; defended the\\ngood name and statesmanship of Jackson shouted for fifty-four-forty-\\nor-fight; for extending the area of freedom, by the Mexican war,\\nwhooped for the repeal of the Missouri compromise, and peddled\\ntickets until the boxes were closed, as energetically as any man in the\\nbusiness; then stayed to see the ballots counted out by candle-light.\\nFor ten years, Gray and John Smith (plain) were the only democratic\\nvoters in town. After ten years of energetic electioneering, this pa-\\ntriarch of democracy saw with joy the advent into town of George\\nCopeland, and felt better. He lived to see as many as half-a-dozen\\ndemocratic votes cast in Middle Fork. The town is still republican,\\nthough it is through no dereliction on the part of Gray.\\nThere was a very considerable emigration at one time from here to\\nWisconsin. After Gurdon Hubbard had left Danville, where he had\\nin vain endeavored to get his former partners to invest with him in\\nwater lots in Chicago, he became rich by his speculations there, and,\\nfollowing the same direction, some of the leading men of the county\\nfancied they could see as rich speculations in Milwaukee and Galena,\\nand other places in those vicinities. The prevailing sickness here gave\\na strong impetus to the movement, and quite a number went out from\\nthis town. Few bettered themselves, however. Asa Brown, A. Kel-\\nley and William Bridges went to the northern home.\\nCharles Bennett settled at Collison s Point in 1828, and was one of\\nthe first settlers in here. He came from Ohio. He entered land on\\nSullivan s Branch (called so till 1851), eighty acres at first, and after-\\nward forty more, and was really the first settler on the now famous\\nBean Creek. Mr. Bennett died in 1840 on the farm half a mile east\\nof the iron bridge in Marysville. He left six children, who have all\\nmoved away except Caleb and a daughter, now dead. His son Caleb,\\nnow residing in Marysville, is believed to be the oldest inhabitant\\nnow residing in the town, having lived here continuously for fifty-one\\nyears at least, if any person disputes his right to the belt with the\\ncabalistic letters, O. I. marked on it, he wants such an one to come\\nand take it, if he can. Caleb says, in speaking of those good old\\ntimes, We did not fail, under any circumstances or provocation,\\nto have the ague every summer as regularly as that solar season came\\naround. People had not got to living out on the prairies then, and\\nthose who lived on the creek bottoms nearly all died. We thought it\\na severe dispensation of Divine Providence, but now the general", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0910.jp2"}, "911": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 799\\nopinion, after a half century of additional light on the subject, is,\\nthat it was the milk-sick, whatever that may be. They raised\\ntheir own flax, com, wheat and hogs, the real hazel splitters,\\ncalled so from a very general belief that they were so thin, and had\\nsuch sharp noses, that they could go through a hazel bush or any like\\nsubstance which stood in their way. A great many ludicrous stories\\nhave been told about this much-abused breed of prairie-rooters,\\nwhich were in many respects a very valuable, probably the most profit-\\nable, farming implement the early settlers had. The impression is\\ncommon now that they were a worthless thing. This is very far from\\nbeing true. The writer, who has the greatest respect for the im-\\nproved breeds of hogs, now so famous here, wishes to record a plea in\\nfavor of the old stock. In the then condition, of the fields and farms,\\nthey were the only kind that could be kept they did not require any\\ngrain or grass pasture they lived in the woods till corn was ripe, and\\nwhen fatted to the extent that they were good bacon hogs, would\\ntravel as fast as a man could walk. In any ordinary weather they\\ncould make twenty miles a day, and could stand the long drives of one\\nor two hundred miles to market without giving out; were not subject\\nto any disease. Nothing could kill them short of the knife of the\\nbutcher or the ball of the rifle, and they were about the only crop the\\nfarmer raised which would always bring cash. Caleb Bennett went\\nout on the prairie and took up the fine farm now owned by Zack Put-\\nnam, and improved it. He sunk three artesian wells, one of which is\\nthe finest in the county. By boring thirty feet he got a permanent\\nthree-inch stream, which is carried up high enough to furnish a good\\nwater-power to drive a churn. Several other farms in that vicinity\\nhave artesian water. He carried on stock-raising and feeding exten-\\nsively, with fair success, for several years. Disaster overtook his opera-\\ntions, however, and he lost his property. He has been a hard-working\\nman, and is respected by all that knew him. The farm which he\\nbrought into cultivation is owned by Mr. Putnam, who carries on a\\nbutter dairy of twenty-five cows, the only one of the kind in the town.\\nHe uses the water-power to run a small turbine wheel, which drives\\nthe churn and runs the water through the milk-house, to keep it cool.\\nWith this care in keeping cool, and with absolute cleanliness in the\\nmanagement of the dairy, he has no trouble in getting the highest\\nmarket price for his product, and has solved the problem of profitable\\nbutter-making on these prairies.\\nRichard Courtney was born and grew up to early manhood in\\nFranklin county, Ohio. The family came on here in 1835, and it was\\nso rainy, and the streams so swollen, that they could not get farther,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0911.jp2"}, "912": {"fulltext": "800 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nso they concluded to enter land here on the famous blue-grass tract,\\nwhich the Indians had just abandoned. There were then standing,\\nwhere his pasture now is, the stalks of a former year s crop of corn.\\nThe untouched grass of thousands of acres grew rank around and\\nthrough the grove. The underbrush of young trees had been kept\\ndown by prairie fires, and where now forest trees stand, as fine winter\\npasture as ever was known furnished feed enough for thousands of cat-\\ntle. The few cows that the settlers kept came in at night loaded down\\nwith milk, and almost every hollow tree in the grove was the home of\\nbees. There never was a land which, to the immigrant seeking new\\nhomes, flowed more literally with milk and honey than this. The\\nCourtney family at once went to breaking prairie, and hired a hundred\\nacres turned and planted to sod corn. They got a good crop, but did\\nnot know what to do with it. It was only worth six cents a bushel,\\nand no market for it at that price. They did not raise much wheat.\\nThey went to Perrysville for their grinding. Deer, geese, turkeys and\\nprairie chickens were numerous. They kept a few sheep, but the\\nwolves were so troublesome that it was almost impossible to protect\\nthem. They have sold pigs for one dollar per dozen, and once sold\\nMr. Gilbert twenty good fat hogs for fifty dollars. Mr. Courtney was\\nonce on a trip to Chicago, and having in his wagon some corn of the\\nlarge white variety, such as he was in the habit of raising, to feed on\\nthe road, a couple of Yankees, who were looking for the first time at\\nthe prairie wonders of Illinois, after intently examining the ears of\\ncorn, and comparing them mentally with their own little hard-shell\\nnubbins down east, commenced asking questions, Yankee-like. They\\nasked Courtney what it cost to raise such corn. He told them that he\\ndid not calculate that it cost him anything to raise it, and explained\\nthat the land had to be broken before it was fit for any crop. Then,\\nwhile the prairie sod was rotting for the next year s crop, one of the\\nboys who had nothing else to do dropped the corn in the crevices\\nbetween the sods, and they went on about their business, allowing the\\ncorn to have its own way until it was ripe then they picked what corn\\nthey wanted, say twenty to forty bushels to the acre, and left the rest\\nfor the cattle to live on during the winter. But don t you hoe it and\\nmanure it in the hill, and hill it up, and stick up scare-crows made out\\nof your wife s last year s petticoat or your cast-off drawers, and put hats\\non em inquired the suspicious Yankees. He assured them that\\nnothing of the kind was done in raising the particular corn they then\\nheld in their hands. They questioned his veracity. Well, said\\nCourtney, if you don t take my word, if you will just come back to\\nthe next wagon, I have got a minister and a class-leader there who will", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0912.jp2"}, "913": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 801\\nswear to it. This satisfied the incredulous gentlemen, for they knew\\nwhat religion was, and down in Massachusetts a class-leader s word is\\ntaken everywhere. Mr. C. says that he has gone a whole year without\\nhandling thirty dollars in money. Their wants were few. They made\\ntheir own cloth, sugar and shoes rarely bought store-tea did not take\\nmusic lessons, or buy spring bonnets. Taxes were nominal, and no\\nschool bills to pay, and no mortgages to eat up the substance of the\\npeople. He used to keep a plat of the township, so that people who\\ncame to Took for land could find it, and would stop his plow any time\\nto go to show them the corners. There were no settlements on the\\nprairies until 1849, when the rush of immigration came in in anticipa-\\ntion of the passage through congress of Douglas Illinois Central Rail-\\nroad bill, by the discussion of which attention was directed to the great\\nfertility of the prairies, which only needed the aid of railroads to bring\\ntheir products into market. The people here had supposed that the\\nprairies back of them were their heritage for range as long as they\\nshould want them, but waked up suddenly to the fact that all this land\\nwas being taken np, and had to buy at increased rates to secure them-\\nselves against being hemmed in. Richard Courtney sold his farm to\\nJohn Bodley, who recently died at Paxton, and purchased another.\\nMr. Bodley remained here some time, carrying on a farm of four hun-\\ndred acres, trading, feeding cattle, and driving to market. He kept a\\nstore at Blue Grass for awhile, which he lost by lightning. He after-\\nward went west, and then settled at Paxton, where he became one of\\nthe leading business men of that place. He took a lively interest in\\npublic affairs, and was long on the board of supervisors. He closed a\\nlong and busy life a few weeks since, leaving a name for integrity and\\nbusiness activity which will long be kept green in the memory of his\\nmany acquaintances. Mr. Courtney still resides on the farm which he\\nbought at that time. He has brought up a family of five children, who\\nlive with or near him, and who enjoy the aid and assistance of his wise\\ncounsel and the pleasure of his society. He has saved a comfortable\\nproperty, though by no means rich, and quietly receives the benefit of\\nhis early thrift and energy. There is no more pleasant sight connected\\nwith the history of these townships than the one of these good old\\nparents, who, having passed through the trials, the hardships, the fears,\\nthe dangers of pioneering, the fatigue and labors of a well-rounded life,\\nthrow care and work on willing children, whose early feet they have led\\nin paths of peace, truth and veneration for God and man. Mr. Court-\\nney s mother died here, at the age of eighty-three.\\nJames, an elder brother of Richard, had very early joined the\\nchurch, and was licensed to preach at the age of eighteen. Ten\\n51", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0913.jp2"}, "914": {"fulltext": "802 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nyears later he came into this county to live, having received a good\\neducation and studied medicine. He used to preach while here, but\\nfinding his health failing, he resumed the study of medicine to learn\\nhis own case. He removed to Danville, where he remained several\\nyears, spending his winters in Cincinnati, attending lectures and ac-\\nquainting himself with the science of medicine and surgery in all its\\ndetails. He was elected to the legislature in 1854, and in the single\\nwinter he served saw many things to convince him that everything was\\nnot pure and honest in the politics of that good old time. He re-\\nmoved to Indianapolis, and was appointed to a professorship in the\\nmedical college at Cincinnati. He was a man of great energy and in-\\ndustry, with small physical strength to back it. The successive steps\\nof advancement from the cabin of the backwoodsman to the important\\nposition of lecturer in an important medical college, shows the stuff of\\nwhich he was made.\\nNone of the other members of the Courtney family reside in Middle\\nFork. Robert Courtney, who was not a relative of the family heretofore\\nspoken of, came here before they did some four years. He was an\\narbitrary man, and cared little for the rights of others or the peace of\\nhis family. He claimed all the land that joined him, and when Mr.\\nCross came up from Danville and staked out a piece of blue-grass pas-\\nture to put his cattle on to feed, Robert undertook to drive him off.\\nHe was even crosser than Cross, and went for this intruder in a very\\nunamiable manner. He never gave much attention to farming, but\\nhunted and watched a few cattle. He lived here about twenty-five\\nyears, until 1856, and then went to Champaign. John, Dixon and\\nHamilton Bailey, three brothers, settled in 1832 on land where Marys-\\nville now stands. They were industrious men and good citizens; re-\\nmained here until 1839, and sold to Robert Marshall, and went, in\\ncompany with Miller, Stillwell, Brown, Layton, and others, to Wis-\\nconsin. Mr. Marshall was not in sufficient health to work on a farm,\\nand undertook to keep store in one part of his dwelling, two or three\\nyears. He died, and thus ended what is supposed to have been the\\nfirst mercantile venture in town, about 1850. Robert Young bought\\nthe farm Stillwell had entered, and lives on it still.\\nJames Colwell bought the claim of a Mr. Long, just west of where\\nMarysville now is. He remained on the place until he died.\\nDouglas Moore came from Ohio in 1834, and took up land still\\nfarther west, south of where Armstrong now is. He was a man of\\nvery positive views and strong character. He has a reputation among\\nthe neighbors for truthfulness, honorable christian character, and was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0914.jp2"}, "915": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 803\\na good farmer. He is dead, and his family is scattered. His wife re-\\nmains in the vicinity.\\nMr. Meneley, who was himself a millwright, built a saw-mill a little\\nway down stream from Marysville in 1837. He afterward sold to\\nSmith, and it burned Smith rebuilt it and sold it. In 1872 a run of\\nstone was put in. This is the only water-mill ever built in town.\\nBean Creek, the eastern branch of the Middle Fork, was first known\\nas Sullivan s branch, but it afterward came to be known by its\\npresent name, from certain yarns that Albright spun in regard to the\\npeculiarities of the people who lived along its banks and the qualities\\nof the stream itself. The land along its border was well adapted to\\ncattle farming, and the men engaged in that line got possession of the\\nland. Albright, as one of them, used to tell his friends back east of\\nthe excellent country that we had here. He said that the stream run\\nbean-soup, and the banks were supplied with a natural growth of this\\nnutritious vegetable, ready baked to a beautiful brown for the table\\nthat the settlers just naturally collected it daily (except Sundays), as\\nthe wandering tribes of Israel gathered manna in the wilderness; that\\nhe was at first surprised at finding such delicious baked beans on every\\ntable, when he traveled through there buying up the fat steers that he\\nfound in endless numbers in that vicinity, and that he was more sur-\\nprised when he found the generous supply with which nature had pro-\\nvided them. The yarn was enough to give the name to this stream.\\nIn regard to some other locality he used to tell that when he was stay-\\ning one night with his hands, he lodged in the house and they in the\\nbarn. During the night the bedbugs rolled him over and over until\\nhe thought to escape them by going to the barn, but before he got\\nthere he heard a terrible racket, which sounded more like a thrashing-\\nmachine than anything he could think of, but it proved to be the boys\\nfighting fleas. The first settlers along this creek were Mr. Bennett,\\nMr. Allen, W. H. Copeland and Mr. Albright. Farther up the creek\\nwere George Copeland, John Mills, who now lives in Fairmount,\\nDavid Copeland and John Smith (English), who settled there about\\n1845. All the John Smiths in America, so we are assured, did not\\nlive in Middle Fork; but there were three, which, by way of designa-\\ntion, were called John Smith (English), John Smith (Ticky) and plain\\nJohn Smith. The former of these, who is one of the most successful\\nfarmers and capable managers of large business affairs in town, was by\\nbirth an Englishman. With no advantages of early education he came\\nto this country, and for a time was in the employ of Abram Mann.\\nWhen he married, in 1814, it is said that he had nothing but a strong\\nconstitution, good natural abilities, and a willing disposition. He soon", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0915.jp2"}, "916": {"fulltext": "804 HISTORY OF VERMILLON COUNTY.\\ncommenced operations on his own account on Bean Creek, and his his-\\ntory from that time lias been a continued business success. He owns\\nthree thousand acres of land, which lies for three miles up and down the\\nstream west of Marysville, and has been, and still is, largely engaged\\nin cattle feeding, turning off two hundred head a year.\\nJohn Smith (plain) came here from Pennsylvania about 1845, with\\na four-horse team, which he traded for a piece of land, and soon got\\nhold of a prairie team a lot of steers and a plow and went to work.\\nHe accumulated a considerable property around and in Marysville\\nwas the first to build a store there was postmaster for awhile, and\\nhad a large influence on its early prosperity.\\nThe first school taught in the town was by Rev. Mr. Byman, in a\\nhouse built near Douglas Moore s, four miles west of Marysville, about\\nthe year 1842. Here the men and women, who afterward made their\\nimpression on the affairs of the pioneer neighborhood, received from a\\ncareful instructor the rudiments of school education, which have never\\nbeen effaced from their minds. He is spoken of with great i*espect by\\nthose who knew him, and although the conveniences were not such as\\nthe children of the present day enjoy, they made the most of such ad-\\nvantages as they had.\\nIn 1832, a county road was established through Rossville and Blue\\nGrass, from the state line west. A few years after this was known as\\nthe Attica road. Thomas Owens, now of Streator, bought a farm and\\nmoved a house on section 16, and commenced keeping tavern.\\nFrom this fact it became a center for the people around, and a store\\nand post-office soon followed, and that universal convenience, a black-\\nsmith shop, was started. Out of this grew, in course of time, the\\nfamous city which did all the mercantile and commercial business\\nfor ten miles around. It was a busy little burg until that leveler of\\ngreat anticipations, the railroads, came. With railroad to right of it,\\nrailroad to left of it, railroad to front and rear of it, what could Blue\\nGrass do but surrender\\nCHURCHES.\\nA complete record of the religious doings of the self-denying labors\\nof the early evangelists, the interest in religious matters, and the church\\nenterprises of Middle Fork, would be a chapter of great interest, and\\nshow a unanimity of christian purpose, almost without a parallel. A\\ngentleman, whose long acquaintance with the town, running back almost\\nto the first settlement, says, that fully three-fourths of the adult popula-\\ntion were, during most of the fifty years of its history, professors of\\nreligion and ardent supporters of its institutions. Indeed, there have\\nbeen times when the proportion was even greater. During the early", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0916.jp2"}, "917": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 805\\ntimes nearly all its inhabitants were members of those pioneers in reli-\\ngious effort and instruction, the Baptists and Methodists. Even at that\\nday a chord of christian sympathy ran through the members of these\\nchurches which has never been effaced. The good brothers, Demorest,\\nHelmic and Fairchild, who sounded the sweet notes of free salvation in\\nthe humble cabins of the poor pioneers, were seconded, not antago-\\nnized, by Elder Freeman Smalley, whose Calvinism took on the lovelier\\nshade that toned its stern doctrines and decrees in sympathy with the\\nchristian unity of the day. No record which the human hand can make\\ncan hope to give full justice to these faithful laborers. They have\\ngone to their reward where the record is full, kept by the hand which\\nnotes the sparrows fall, watched by the eye which seeth in secret.\\nThese men had no anticipation of earthly reward. An earnest chris-\\ntian, who was himself a member of the Baptist church, but whose reli-\\ngion took on the broader glow of unity, says It was one of the pleas-\\nantest sights to see these good Methodist brethren, the local preachers,\\ngoing out two by two to hold their two days meetings in the cabins,\\nthe barns or the groves working together like Paul and Silas, one\\npreaching while the other prayed for the blessing of God upon their\\nlabors. It was one of the strongest forces in the work of Methodism,\\nand I wonder that they have let it fall into disuse.\\nThere are now eight churches in town, four of which are Methodist.\\nThe first religious exercises in the town were probably held at the\\nhouses of the Partlow family, who were religious people and came here\\ndetermined to maintain the cause of the church. In 1829 we find that\\nReuben Partlow accompanied John Johns, who lived ten miles south-\\neast of the Partlow neighborhood, to Danville to attend meeting, and\\nto ask that the preacher, Mr. McKain, send an appointment to their\\nneighborhood. This was gladly complied with by the good man, who\\ncontinued to preach for the class formed at John s house in Blount\\nduring his year. Coffeen s Hand-book of Vermillion County, pages\\n25 and 26, says A man by the name of McKain was the first Meth-\\nodist circuit rider of this county. Harshey was the next, and by his\\npreaching a great influence was exerted in favor of Methodism in this\\nvicinity. It is believed that the circuit which was extended to John\\nJohns in 1829 was also the same year made to reach out into Part-\\nlow s neighborhood, but if such was the fact, verification of it is not\\nnow at hand. This, then, was in the Eugene circuit, and extended to\\nBig Grove (Champaign). Under the preaching of Mr. Harshey, who\\nwas the second circuit preacher in the county, regular appointments\\nwere made at Mr. Partlow s, which in time grew into the Partlow\\nchurch ten years later. This became, then, the Danville circuit during", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0917.jp2"}, "918": {"fulltext": "806 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMr. Harshey s preaching. For at least ten years preaching was had in\\nthe houses, and if there were two rooms in the building it was so\\narranged that the preacher conld talk to those in both rooms. Blue\\nGrass, Partlow s and Morehead s were the three earliest preaching\\npoints. After Harsheycame Risle} 7 Bradshaw, William Moore, Buck,\\nCrane, Littler and others. Mr. Risley was an able preacher and a\\ngood man, but fell into trouble he was thought to have been carried\\naway by a too great anxiety to see one party in a very bitter political\\ncontest elected, and lost his influence. Mr. Littler was a talented man\\nand a very acceptable pastor, bat got into debt and had not the bravery\\nto face his creditors. Few of them had received any special education\\nin schools for the work they had, but were men led by the spirit of all\\nwisdom. Rev. Mr. Harshey lived and died in Danville, and is every-\\nwhere spoken of as a man of superior abilities and great power his in-\\nfluence in favor of Methodism was very considerable. Rev. James\\nMcKain, the pioneer, is more fully spoken of in the record of Blount.\\nIn 1840 the brethren put up the first building specially intended\\nfor religious worship in this part of the county, on the land of Reuben\\nPartlow, who begged the privilege of donating, which, taken in con-\\nnection with his visit to Danville to ask Mr. McKain to come up here\\nto preach for the new settlers, gives him the right to be called the\\npioneer of that which we now call Methodism in this town really the\\npioneer in religious preaching. This little church down on the bot-\\ntom has long since been replaced by a more convenient one, and one\\nwhich the people naturally feel proud of. It was a very plain affair:\\nthe studding, beams and rafters were poles; the laths were rived out\\nand the shingles home-made in fact, it was all home-made material\\nexcept the door, windows and siding. The seats were slabs with legs\\nstuck in them. This building was used for the first school which was\\nheld in this part of town, and the second one in town. The people\\nhere did not have the school fever very much it was not until about\\n1848 that they seem to have been awakened by the advent of a new\\nwave of immigration to an interest in schools. There seem to have\\nbeen none but the two already spoken of until the Ingersolls objected to\\nsending their children three miles to school. The present Partlow\\nchapel was built in 1865.\\nFor a long time this was attached to, or was a part of Vermilion\\ncircuit. In 1865 the four appointments were set off and became Blue\\nGrass circuit. In 1877 the parsonage at Marysville was built, and since\\nthat time it has been known by that name. The present membership\\nin the circuit is Marysville, 80 Partlow s, 50 Wallace Chapel, 52\\nNo. 1, 45; total, 227. The trustees of the Partlow church, at the time", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0918.jp2"}, "919": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 807\\nof its being built, were John Smith, John Wright, Ersom French, Benj.\\nCross, Win. Hornbeck, J. B. Courtney and Wm. Crable. A Sabbath-\\nschool was established as early as 1840. The Partlows, Reuben, James\\nand John, were leaders, as in every good work. J. B. Courtney, now\\nof Marysville, was superintendent for many years, during which time\\nit often numbered a hundred.\\nThe church at what was called Blue Grass charge was built in 1854,\\nduring the ministration of Rev. Mr. Wallace, and was named from him\\nWallace Chapel. It stands on section 28, one half mile south of Blue\\nGrass post-office. The trustees were Eli Starr, J. H. Duncan, Joseph\\nMoss, and the pastor. It is 34x46, and cost $2,100.\\nThe chapel called No. 1, built in 1867, is the same size, plain,\\nand cost $2,200. The trustees under whose care the church was built\\nwere Jesse Piles, William Lefever, J. A. Beals, J. M. Rice and J.\\nCollison.\\nThe church at Marysville was built in 1870. It is a fine building,\\n36 x 50, with a steeple, well seated and finished off. It cost $3,000.\\nMessrs. Jameson, Tuttle and Bennett were active in the work of getting\\nup this building. Sabbath-schools are maintained in all the appoint-\\nments. Some of the most efficient and active members in the Sabbath-\\nschool work are J. B. Courtney, W. Hornbeck, L. A. Bnrd, Joseph\\nMoss, J. H. Duncan, Eli Starr, Mr. and Mrs. Chester Potts, and Oliver\\nPostal. The parsonage at Marysville is a good two-story house, and is\\nas comfortable as any minister could wish. It cost $1,500.\\nThe old Middle Fork Baptist Church was organized in 1834, by\\nElder Freeman Smalley, with about twenty members. Freeman,\\nBenjamin and James Smalley and their wives, Mr. Herron and wife,\\nPolly Stearnes, Levi Asher and wife, Mr. Pursell and wife, Mr.\\nStephens (a licensed preacher of English birth) and wife, Mr. Sowders\\nand wife, Mr. Pentecost and wife, Samuel Copeland and wife, and\\nMrs. White, were all either original or early members of this church.\\nThis old church maintained its position and its unity until 1864, when\\nquestions and causes growing out of the war caused a division which\\nproved disastrous.\\nAs early as 1852 a church organization was effected, including those\\nof the parent church who lived about Blue Grass Grove, and others\\nwho had recently come in, which was called Hopewell, but by common\\nacceptation was known as Blue Grass Church. The pastors of the old\\nchurch succeeding Elder Smalley were Revs. Mr. Dodson, A. C. Blankin-\\nship and Benjamin Harris. Mr. David S. Halbert, whose life has been\\nintimately connected with the Baptist church, and through whose safe\\nmemory and kindness the writer has been enabled to rescue what would", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0919.jp2"}, "920": {"fulltext": "808 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsoon have been among the things forgotten, in regard to this important\\nbranch of the church, came to this county in 1836, and in 1840 united\\nwith the church. He removed to this neighborhood in 1848, and\\nhas since lived here, except the four years which he spent in Dixie\\nin the service of his country, in the time of her sorest trials. He\\nreturned, broken in health but strong in the spirit, to his home, and\\nnow lives near Marysville. The new church commenced holding\\nmeetings at the residence of Mr. Halbert. Rev. Mr. Harris organized\\nthis church, with about seventeen members, including on its roll Mr.\\nand Mrs. Halbert, Miss Cossart, John Lawler, wife and daughter, Will-\\niam Lawler and wife, and Mrs. Glascock. Mr. Harris pastorate was\\nfollowed by that of the brothers Martin and Alexander Blankinship\\nand David French. Under their ministration the church prospered,\\nand at one time numbered over a hundred members. Their meetings\\nwere held in the school-house at Blue Grass.\\nThe Point Pleasant Church was organized in 1866 by Elder C. B.\\nSeals, who was then a licensed preacher. At the time of its organiza-\\ntion it numbered fifteen, and has had seventy at one time. Under\\nElder Seals labors the church was built in 1867, on section 14 (22-14),\\nnear the Methodist, No. 1, Church. It is a plain building, 34 x 46,\\nand cost about $2,000. Since the close of Seals pastoral labors, Elder\\nClark Fleming has preached, supplying the church half the time. A\\nSabbath-school is maintained in summer, but the congregation is so\\nscattered that they have not tried to maintain it in winter. The church\\nnumbers about forty-five members.\\nThe United Brethren Church was organized, as is recorded in the\\nhistory of Ross township, which it is unnecessary to repeat here.\\nRev. John Hoobler was the pioneer preacher of this denomination\\nin the county. The Marysville circuit has five appointments Mr.\\nKnight s, at Knight s Branch, five miles southwest Bean Creek, three\\nand a half miles northeast Murphy s School-house, seven miles north\\nSperry s, five miles southeast, and Marysville. Rev. J. R. Scott is the\\npresent preacher in charge, and preaches at each of these appointments\\nonce in two weeks. Rev. J. S. Cooper was his immediate predecessor,\\nand is now a presiding elder. Rev. T. M. Hamilton is presiding elder\\nof this district of the upper Wabash conference. The church edifice\\nat Marysville is 30x45, with belfry and bell. It was built in 1873 at\\na cost of $1,800, under the ministration of W. F. Coffman. This\\ncharge numbers fifty members.\\nThe Church at Bean Creek (in Ross) is a neat building, 35x45,\\nwith cupola and belfry, and cost $2,000. The Albrights, Putnam Cook,\\nand others, were interested in putting up the building. The plain church", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0920.jp2"}, "921": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 809\\nedifice at Knight s was built in 1865 under the management of Elon\\nSperry, John Selsor and Eev. P. A. Canady, a local preacher.\\nThe appointment at Murphy s School-house (in Butler) expect to\\nbuild this summer. Interesting and thriving Sabbath-schools are main-\\ntained at these general appointments. A pleasant parsonage with two\\nacres of ground is furnished the pastor at Marysville.\\nThe Christian church was organized here by Elder Eawley Martin,\\npreaching in the school-house about 1860. Preaching was maintained\\nirregularly until 1874, when Elder A. R. Owen preached here once a\\nmonth and perfected the organization. Elder Smith and Elder Stipp\\nhave preached here since. In 1874 a very neat and tasty brick church\\nwas erected at a cost of $2,500. It is 35 x 56, with a well-proportioned\\nsteeple rising from the front center.\\nThe early preachers through this country did not see much money\\nfor a yearly salary. They expected little and got less, but it seldom\\nhappened that these devoted preachers returned home without some-\\nthing to show for their circuit ride. The good sisters generally had a\\nbrace of chickens, a roll of butter, can of honey, pail of eggs, strip of\\nbacon or dried meat, a little roll of cloth, which the pastor gladly re-\\nceived in lieu of bank notes, which he feared would not be a legal ten-\\nder by the time of his return home. Thus did they return again\\nin joy, bringing their sheaves with them.\\nBLUE GRASS.\\nThe hamlet which has been so long known by the name of Blue\\nGrass, or Blue Grass City, as some ambitious ones chose to call it,\\nreceived its name naturally enough from its surroundings, as has been\\nalready explained. After the county road or state road, as it was\\ncalled came into general travel, and Owens had got his tavern into\\nrunning order, the people began to want a post-office and store. The\\npost-office was established in 1843, and John Carter appointed post-\\nmaster, a position which he retained until Archi McCormick com-\\nmenced keeping store, about 1845, when he was appointed. Five years\\nlater he sold to John Bodly. Bodly continued in business some years\\nand was quite prosperous, and sold to Wilson, and he to Thomas Owens,\\nthe post-office following these changes. Edmund Hartwell, who did\\nnot believe in doing anything by halves, built the mammoth store now\\nstanding there, dark, gloomy and worthless, 30x65, two stories high,\\nwhich he occupied for store, carrying a large stock of general merchan-\\ndise, the upper story being rented to the Masonic order, which had a\\nthriving lodge there in those days. This was the only post-office in\\nthe northwestern part of the county, and it was no uncommon thing to", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0921.jp2"}, "922": {"fulltext": "810 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsee a hundred persons there for their mail at times. In 1859 John\\nCarter and George Small laid out and platted a town. It consisted\\nof two blocks, one on either side of the county road. Hartwell, Scott\\nMcDaniels, Groves Brother, Henderson Lee and Davis Hall,\\nsuccessively sold goods there. During and after the close of the war\\nthese parties who were engaged in trade sold $25,000 worth a year. Now\\nthe shutters are up on the big store, and no one would take it rent free.\\nBerry Ellis started a blacksmith shop about 1S45. The La Fayette Oil\\nMill Company built a flax warehouse there, and for some years Hart-\\nwell run that and did a thriving business. After the railroad was built\\nit was moved to Rankin. The only business carried on there now is\\nthe two blacksmith shops by Wilson and Artrun, a little grocery and\\nnotion store, and the post-office now kept by Mr. Butler. Killed by\\nthe railroads, is the epitaph that might be written over Blue Grass\\nCity.\\nThe Havana, Rantoul Eastern railroad (narrow-gauge) runs\\nthrough the township from east to west, a mile south of its center.\\nMr. Gifford, the president of the company, lived at Rantoul. He came\\nand called a meeting in 1874, and explained what he proposed to do.\\nHe wanted a stock subscription of $2,000 per mile. The citizens had\\nheard a good deal of railroad talk before, and had not much confidence\\nin this, but subscribed some $16,000. He built it, and got it through\\nfrom Rantoul to Alvin, Christmas, 1876, and from Alviu to Lebanon\\nin 1878, and from Rantoul west to Le Roy in 1879. It has proved a\\ngreat success has all the business it can do.\\nBelow is a list in tabular form of those who have been elected to\\ntownship offices since township organization in 1851\\nDate. Votes. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1851 M. Oakwood M. G. Courtney. W. C. Merrill .J. Partlow.\\n1852 M. Oakwood R. Marshall R. Courtney P. Copeland.\\n1853 M. Oakwood R. Marshall M. G. Courtney ..M.G.Courtney.\\n1854 W. C. Merrill W. C. Merrill J. S. Webber .J. S. Webber.\\n1855 M. Oakwood S. P. Starr S. P. Starr S. P. Starr.\\n1856 J. S. Webber S. P. Starr P. Copeland P. Copeland.\\n1857 J. S. Webber S. Clapp N. L. Griffin W. Chambers.\\n1858.. J. S. Webber S. Clapp R. Marshall S.Hornbeck.\\n1859 John Bodly S. Clapp T. S. Maxey S. Hornbeck.\\n1860 John Bodly S. Clapp W. J. Leonard .S. Hornbeck.\\n1861 Win. Chambers. .D. Thomas Geo. Morehead. W. J. Leonard.\\n1862 Wm. Chambers. .S. P. Starr D. Thomas W. J. Leonard.\\n1863... 177... W. M. Tennery...S. P. Starr D.Thomas J. B. Courtney.\\nW. M. Tennery .S. P. Starr D. Thomas D. Thomas.\\nW. M. Tennery .S. P. Starr R. Courtney D. Thomas.\\nW. M. Tennery .S. P. Starr S. Clapp D. Thomas.\\n-D. Copeland S. P. Starr J. B. Courtney J. D. Brown.\\n1864..\\n.175.\\n1865..\\n76.\\n1866.\\n.137.\\n1867.,\\n..126.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0922.jp2"}, "923": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP.\\n811\\nDate.\\n1868.\\n1869.\\n1870.\\n1871.\\n1872.\\n1873.\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n1876.\\n1877.\\n1878.\\n1879.\\nVotes.\\n..139.\\n..108.\\n..158.\\n..179.\\n..151.\\n..139.\\n..249.\\n..200.\\n..239.\\n..330.\\n..277.\\n..260.\\nSupervisor.\\n.D. Copeland\\n.S.Clapp\\n.W. H. Copeland\\n.E.H.Grant....\\n.M. V. Robins...\\n.M.V.Robins...\\n.C.Albert\\n.M. V. Robins...\\n.W. H. Copeland\\nW. H. Copeland\\n.W. H. Copeland\\n.W. H. Copeland\\nClerk.\\n..S.P.Starr\\nS. P. Starr\\n.L. C. Messner.\\n..C.B.Sargent...\\n-C. B. Sargent.\\nW. L. Sargent.\\n.W. L. Sargent\\n.L. D. Hornbeck.\\n.L. D. Hornbeck.\\n.C. La Grange.\\n..P. B. Moreland.\\n.P. B. Moreland.\\n.J. B. Courtney\\n.J. B. Courtney\\nD. Thomas\\nE. H. Beals...\\nE. H. Beals...\\n.E. H. Beals.\\n.E. H. Beals.\\n.E. H. Beals...\\nH. C. Wright.\\nWm. Cossairt.\\nWm. Cossairt.\\n.Wm. Cossairt.\\nCollector.\\nJ. D. Brown.\\n..E. H. Grant,\\n..E. H.Grant.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n..C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n-C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\n.C. E. Pressey.\\nThe justices of the peace have been Robert Marshall, James Casse-\\ndy, Septimus Smith, J. P. Button, Ferry Copeland, N. L. Griffing,\\nJames Courtney, M. Oakwood, S. Hornbeck, H. H. Gunn, L. A. Burd,\\nD. Thomas, S. M. Johnson, W. W. Smith, D. Jameson, D. A. Cox, C.\\nB. Sargent, T. Ellis, M. W. Salmons, W. M. Tennery, S. T. Wright.\\nRAILROADS.\\nAt a special town meeting held in June, 1870, pursuant to notice,\\nto vote for or against granting $50,000 township aid to the Monticello\\nRailroad Company, the vote resulted for such subscription, 122\\nagainst said subscription, 125. On the 26th of July a meeting was\\nheld for the purpose of voting for or against subscribing $40,000 to the\\nsame company, which resulted for such subscription, 169 against sub-\\nscription, 55 but the road has never been even commenced, and there\\nis no probability that it ever will be. The Danville Paxton rail-\\nroad, one of the roads which was projected by John C. Short at the\\ntime he was attempting to make Danville the great railroad center ot\\nthis part of the state, was more than half graded through the township.\\nIt was to run almost directly through the township, from the southeast\\nto northwest corner. Since Mr. Short s failure no work has ever been\\ndone on it.\\nMARYSVILLE (POTOMAC P. O.)\\nMarysville is a pleasant little village of four or five hundred inhab-\\nitants, built on the prairie, but pretty nearly surrounded by the timber,\\non section 3 (21-13), on the Havana, Rantoul and Eastern railroad.\\nThe land is pleasantly rolling, and capable of easy drainage to the\\ncreek. In general appearance its buildings are neat and tasty, though\\nnot expensive, with the exception of two or three old barracks not\\nnow in use. John Smith (plain) was the first man here. Isaac Meneley\\nand Morehead and Robert Marshall were at first living across the creek,\\nbut soon came in here to help Smith make a town. Isaac Meneley built", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0923.jp2"}, "924": {"fulltext": "81 J HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\na shop on the corner, and opposite where Robins store now stands, and\\na house north of it. John Smith then lived south of the creek. James\\nCol well was on the hill west of the town. He had come there to live\\nabout 1842. The road from his house to where the town is was trav-\\neled, and became a street or public road by limitation, and remains so\\nyet. Where main street now is was timber, but north of there was\\nopen prairie. When they came to decide on a name for the place, it\\nseems that both Smith and Meneley had in early life attached their\\nlives with Marys. They were both most excellent women (so they\\nthought), and either one abundantly worthy of having a town named\\nafter her and both together they could not exactly be satisfied with\\nSmithtown or Meneleyville, and hit on the plan of calling it Marys-\\nville, after the two best Marys then living in town.\\nDouglass Moore bought three acres of Marshall and built on it.\\nMeneley s blacksmith shop was built about 1850, and Smith built a\\nframe store across the street from the blacksmith shop, and went to\\nkeeping store. A post-office was established here, and Dr. Ingalls was\\nappointed postmaster. Dr. Ingalls was engaged in the practice of his\\nprofession here for live or six years, and built the south part of the\\npresent hotel for his residence.\\nHenry Bass had a store here in 1852, and continued in business for\\nsome years. George and Mason Wright established themselves in trade\\nin 1860, and remained here four years, when they went to Danville,\\nthence to Paxton. They had been in trade at Higginsville before\\ncoming here. They occupied the old flat-store on the north side of\\nState street.\\nLloyd and M. W. Groves, who had carried on a large and prosper-\\nous business at Blue Glass, came here in 1864, and occupied the store\\nWright Brothers had left. They were successful merchants here, and\\ncontinued in business until the death of one of the partners, in 1874,\\nwhich dissolved the firm. They had a farm lying just north, and\\nShort was then grading his Danville and Paxton railroad, making\\nmatters look bright for the young village and George A. May came\\nhere from Indiana and bought the farm, and laid out the large addition\\nto the town. Short failed and his road stopped. Then for a while\\nmatters looked pretty dull here, until the Rantoul road was built, since\\nwhich a number of additions have been made to the village.\\nThe successive postmasters at Marysville have been Dr. Ingalls,\\nJoseph Jameson, John Smith then for awhile the office was suspended.\\nWhen it was reinstated the department changed the name to Potomac,\\nbecause of the near proximity of Myersville, which name was so read-\\nily confounded with that of the name which this office bore. Charles", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0924.jp2"}, "925": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 813\\nSargent was appointed postmaster, after him Eigden Potter, and then\\nC. E. Pressey, the present official.\\nI. Dillon built the steam grist-mill in 1869, with two run of stone.\\nHe run it awhile, when Robbins Copeland bought it, and afterward\\nsold to Harris Campbell. It is a first-class mill in every particular,\\nand is doing a very good custom business.\\nThe school-house is a very sightly and well-built two-story brick\\nbuilding, 40x56, with two rooms above and two below. The school\\nis graded to three departments, and is maintained for eight months in\\nthe year.\\nVILLAGE ORGANIZATION.\\nAt the February term of the county court in 1876 a petition was\\npresented to the court by Rigden Potter and thirty-seven others, asking\\nfor the organization of Marysville under the act for the incorporation\\nof villages, with the following bounds: commencing at the southeast\\ncorner of section 3, town 21, range 13 thence north to the northeast\\ncorner of said section thence west to the northwest corner of the E.\\nof the N.E. -J of said section thence south to the north line of the\\nright of way of the railroad thence west along said right of way 40\\nrods thence south 40 rods to the center of Main street thence east\\nalong the center of Main street 27 rods thence south to south line of\\nsaid section thence east to place of beginning. The petition set forth\\nthat there were within said proposed bounds three hundred and twenty-\\nthree inhabitants. An election was ordered to be held on the 11th of\\nApril, to vote for or against said proposition to incorporate. At that\\nelection 57 votes were cast, of which 46 were for incorporation, and 11\\nwere against. And the court ordered an election to be held on the\\n11th of May for six trustees of said village, to serve until the next time\\nfor regular election. At that election 74 votes were cast. Geo. A.\\nMay, Caleb Albert, J. L. Partlow, Jesse Lane, M. V. Robins and S. P.\\nStarr were elected. At the organization of the Board, Geo. A. May\\nwas chosen president L. D. Hornbeck was appointed clerk, and T. D.\\nAustin, street commissioner. The present trustees are C. F. Morse, S.\\nClapp, T. J. Haney, Jesse Lane, M. Guthrie and Isaac Brown. In\\n1878, license was granted to sell liquors at a license fee of $500 per\\nyear. At these figures, in such a community, it did not pay, and fell\\ninto disuse. The publication of the Marysville Independent was\\ncommenced by Ben. Biddlecome, on the 13th of July, 1876. It was\\na six-column folio, independent in politics and religion, devoted to the\\nnews of the day,, and well sustained by the patronage of the business\\nmen. It was continued for one year and four months, when it was re-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0925.jp2"}, "926": {"fulltext": "814 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmoved to Bement, where it is still published. It was satisfactorily\\nconducted.\\nFREEMASONS.\\nThe present Marysville lodge of Freemasons was organized as Blue\\nGrass Lodge, No. 407, in 1864. The charter members were: W. M.\\nTennery, W.M. W. Gritting, S.W. W. L. Griffing, Hugh Mulhol-\\nland, J.W.; E. S. Pope, W. H. Brant, J. S. Cole, D. S. French, E.\\nPotter, J. T. Blackburn. It was transferred to Marysville and name\\nchanged in 1875. The present officers are: T. J. Haney, W.M. Dr.\\nYan Dora, S.W. Robert Young, J.W.; A. J. Robins, Sec; D. R.\\nLayton, Treas. C. Bennett, Tyler; C. Jameson, S.D. B. Drise, J.D.\\nThe lodge numbers twenty-five, and is in a prosperous condition, occu-\\npying the fine lodge-room over Robins store.\\nARMSTRONG.\\nArmstrong, on the Havana, Rantoul Eastern railroad, four miles\\nwest of Marysville, was laid out and platted, near the center of sec-\\ntion 1 (21-14), in 1877, on land belonging to Thomas and Henry\\nArmstrong.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nJoseph Moss, Potomac, farmer and stock-raiser, section 29, was born\\nnear Madison, Ohio, on the 20th of March, 1820. When he was but\\nfour years of age he came with his parents to this state. His father\\ndied when he was but six years old. His mother then married the\\nsecond time, and he remained at home until he reached the age of\\nnineteen. He was married to Delila Staar on the 17th of April, 1845.\\nShe was born in Ohio on the 6th of January, 1828. They have had\\nthree children Sarah A., John B. and an infant now deceased. Mr.\\nMoss is regarded as one of the best citizens of Yermilion county. He\\nhas been school director ten years, and commissioner of highways for\\nseveral years. From fifty to sixty head of cattle are fattened by him\\nyearly. He clearly recollects seeing plenty of wolves and Indians\\nwhen he came to this county. In his politics he is a republican in\\nreligion, a Methodist.\\nJesse L. Partlow, Potomac, farmer, owns one hundred and sixty\\nacres of land, and also two houses and lots in Marysville, they being\\namong the best in the town. He was born in Kelson county, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 13th of June, 1826, and remained at home with his father\\nuntil he was twenty-two years of age, w T orking on the farm. When\\nhe was but three years of age the family removed to this township,\\nand he is consequently one of Yermilion county s earliest settlers. In\\n1848 he w T as married to Rachel Davison, who was born in this county", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0926.jp2"}, "927": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 815\\nin 1829, and died on the 4th of September, 1878. By this union they\\nhad nine children, of whom six are still living. They are: Mary E.,\\nwife of J. D. Anderson; Anna M., wife of John Rollins; Nancy J.,\\nwife of Jesse Merrel Lilly B., Ida A., Cora R., and Frankie D. John\\nJ. and one infant are deceased. Mr. Partlow has held the office of\\nschool director fifteen years, and pathmaster five years.\\nWilliam H. Copeland, Potomac, farmer, section 36, was born in\\nGallia county, Ohio, on the 15th of April, 1821. His father came to\\nthis county, and settled near Danville, in 1829, thus making himself\\none of its earliest settlers. Mr. Copeland was married to Rachel\\nStevens, who was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 21st of Feb-\\nruary, 1823. They are the parents of ten children, six of whom are\\nliving: Nancy E., now wife of William H. Duncan, of this township\\nEli H., Andrew, Elisabeth, now wife of John Chambers, of Ross town-\\nship George W. and Herman S. The names of the deceased are Mary\\nM., Aimed, Charles G. and John M. Mr. Copeland has held the office\\nof school director twenty years, commissioner of highways three years,\\nand supervisor of township, which office he still holds, five terms, by\\nelection, and ten by appointment. He is certainly one of Vermilion\\ncounty s very best citizens. His parents are still living near Danville,\\nhis father, a native of Pennsylvania, being seventy-eight years old.\\nWhen Mr. Copeland married he had but little property, and, by\\neconomy, industry and the help of a faithful wife he now owns one\\nthousand acres of land, worth $25 per acre.\\nJohn Wright, Armstrong, farmer, section 13, was born in Bourbon\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 10th of February, 1808. His father died\\nwhen he was but six years of age, leaving his mother with seven chil-\\ndren. He remained at home until twenty-one years of age, helping to\\nsupport his mother and sisters. In 1829 he came west in a wagon.\\nHe was married to Elisabeth Watters on the 10th of April, 1831. She\\nwas born in Virginia, near the Potomac River, on the 14th of Septem-\\nber, 1813, being the youngest of seven children, all of whom are still\\nliving. She is now sixty-six years old, and the eldest of the seven, a\\nbrother, is eighty-nine. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are the parents of two\\nchildren: Silas T. and William W. Mr. Wright has held the office of\\nschool director five years, school treasurer five years, and justice of\\nthe peace. He is the oldest living settler of Middle Fork township.\\nHe distinctly recollects seeing deer, wolves and Indians.\\nJames H. Duncan, Potomac, farmer and stock-dealer, section 33,\\nwas born in Gallatin county, Kentucky, on the 12th of February, 1818.\\nHe was married to Elisabeth Crabbe, on the 4th of April, 1839. They\\nhave had by this union ten children, seven of whom are living: Sarah", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0927.jp2"}, "928": {"fulltext": "816 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nJ., now wife of David Partlow, of this township, and Mary E., now\\nwife of B. F. Marple, of State Line City Margarett E., John J., As-\\nbury, Charles M., William H. The deceased are Asa, Emaline and\\nFrank. Mr. Duncan has held the office of school trustee six years,\\nschool director five years. He pastures and fattens from seventy-five\\nto one hundred head of cattle yearly, and raises some hogs, horses and\\ncattle. Corn is his principal crop. In politics he is a republican, and\\na Methodist in religion.\\nErsom French, Potomac, farmer, was born in Knox county, Indi-\\nana, on the 14th of April, 1811. His father moved to Vigo county,\\nIndiana, when he was but two years old, and remained there twenty\\nyeai s. Mr. French has been twice married: first to Harriet Clem, in\\n1838. She was born in 1813, and is now deceased. Mr. French was\\nthen married to Eliza Carroll, in January, 1S50. She was born in\\nNorth Carolina about 1823. By this marriage Mr. French was made\\nthe father of three children, two of whom are living: Truman P., now\\na practicing physician in Ogden, and Abgy D. The name of the de-\\nceased is G. W. Mr. French has held the office of school director four-\\nteen years, and road commissioner several years. He owns two hun-\\ndred and nine acres of excellent land. His father was in the war of\\n1812.\\nFrancis Elliott, Armstrong, farmer, section 20, was born in Clinton\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 7th of May, 1829. His father moved to this state\\nwhen he was very small. He was married to Cassandia Darry. She was\\nborn in Ohio. They had by this marriage eight children, six of whom\\nare living Hannah M., now wife of A. Kirkhart Elisabeth E., Charles\\nT., John N., Mary, and one infant unnamed. The deceased are tw r o\\ninfants. Mr. Elliott is a republican.\\nIsaac Creighton, Armstrong, farmer, section 17, was born in Carroll\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 19th of Januaiw, 1828. His parents moved to Indi-\\nana and stayed four months, when he moved to this state. Mr. Creighton\\nhas been twice married first to Catharine Johnson, on the 15th of\\nFebruary. 1849. She was born in Ohio in 1828, and died in April,\\n1852. The} had two children by this marriage Mary E., now, wife of\\nJoseph Truax, and Finley. He was then married to Ellen Cary, in\\nNovember, 1853. She was born in Delaware in 1830. They had by\\nthis union eleven children, ten of whom are living Eli, James P.,\\nSarah C, John W., William T., Nancy J., Samuel H., Charles H.,\\nRobert F., Elmer C. The deceased was an infant. Mr. Creighton has\\nheld the office of school director twelve years, and pathmaster six years.\\nIn politics he is a republican, and in religion a Methodist. Mr. Creigh-\\nton s parents were natives of Ireland.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0928.jp2"}, "929": {"fulltext": "i^u^P(J\\nOAIV v iLLEi", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0929.jp2"}, "930": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0930.jp2"}, "931": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 817\\nM. V. Robins, Potomac, merchant, is one of the prominent men of\\nMarysville. He owns a lot, stock, and store-building on the public\\nsquare, the hotel known as the Murcle House, and now managed by Mr.\\nJ. W. Buckingham a fine residence in Marysville, three acres in south\\npart of town, used as a feed-yard, and fifteen or sixteen other lots in\\nthe village. The maiden name of his wife was Mary J. Baldwin.\\nShe was born in New York, on the 11th of May, 1831. They are the\\nparents of two children John J., born on the 10th of September, 1850,\\nand Mary E., born on the 4th of February, 1856. Mr. Robins has\\nheld the office of school director ten years, school trustee two terms,\\nsupervisor of township four years, and village trustee four years. The\\nparents of both Mr. and Mrs. Robins were natives of New Jersey.\\nL. A. Burd, Armstrong, farmer, section 2, was born in Morris\\ncounty, New Jersey, on the 5th of June, 1810. He commenced work-\\ning in a clothing factory when fourteen years of age was married on\\nthe 5th of November, 1833, to Mariah Hendley, who was born in\\nMorris county, New Jersey. They have had by this union ten children,\\neight of whom are living Martha, William, Adrianna, Eli, Elisabeth,\\nMary, Ester and George. The deceased are Caroline and one infant.\\nMr. Burd has been a minister of the gospel for several years in the\\nMethodist church. He has held the office of school-director for twelve\\nyears, school-trustee twelve years, and has been notary public several\\nyears. He has been deacon in the M. E. church for thirty years. He\\nowns one hundred and eighty acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nJesse Lane, Potomac, lumber-dealer, was born in Tippecanoe count}\\nIndiana, on the 27th of January, 1831 he remained at home on the farm\\nuntil twenty-one years of age. His father moved to this state, settling\\nin Blount township, Vermilion county, when he was but four years of\\nage his chances for an early education were not very good. Mr. Lane\\nhas been twice married first to Delila Smith. She was born in Ohio, and\\ndied in 1866. The} have had seven children by this marriage three are\\nliving, four dead. The names of the living are Amanda J., Clara B.\\nand Effie D. of the deceased John, Mary E., Alice and one infant.\\nMr. Lane then married Amelia Fouts, in 1867. She was born in Ohio.\\nThey have one child by this marriage. Mr. Lane has held the office of\\nschool director twelve years. He went into the lumber business with\\nMr. McMyrtery in 1877. He owns twelve lots and one house in Ma-\\nrysville, and two hundred and seventy acres of land valued at $30 per\\nacre. His parents were natives of North Carolina.\\nE. Foster, farmer and stock-raiser, section 13, was born in War.\\nren county, Indiana, on the 20th of November, 1833, and remained\\non the farm until he reached the age of twenty-three. On the 24th of\\n52", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0931.jp2"}, "932": {"fulltext": "818 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nAugust, 1856, he was married to Sarah A. Tilldson, who was born in\\nWarren county, Indiana, on the 15th of January, 1834. They are the\\nparents of twelve children, eight of whom are living: B. T., Stanton\\nM., Zebulon, Mary A., Edward, Theodore T., Lillie and William the\\nnames of the deceased are Harris G., Caroline, and Lieuella the other\\nwas an infant. Mr. Foster has held the office of postmaster eight years,\\nschool director several years and township treasurer ten years. He\\nfattens quite a number of cattle and hogs yearly, ships some and sells\\nsome at home. Mr. Foster is a republican and a Methodist. His\\nfather, who was a native of Ohio, was one of the pioneers of Vermilion\\ncounty, having settled here in 1833.\\nAndrew G. Copeland, Potomac, section 35, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty on the 20th of March, 1836 he remained at home until twenty-\\none years of age, and attended Griffeth s school at Danville. He has\\nbeen twice married first on the 30th of July, 1855, to Mary M. Ander-\\nson, who was born in Lafayette, Indiana, on the 12th of October, 1839,\\nand died on the 1st of May, 1875. They had by this marriage six\\nchildren: Willie G., Emma M. (now wife of C. P. Duncan, of Marys-\\nville), James E., Lieuella, Effie and Anna. He was then married to\\nMaggie A. Stewart,,on the 7th of December, 1875; she was born on\\nthe 18th of December, 1849. They have had two children Adda and\\nOra. Mr. Copeland is a minister of the gospel in the Methodist Epis-\\ncopal, and has no small degree of ability he practices what he preaches.\\nHe handles from fifty to one hundred head of cattle a year, and sells\\nat home. He owns three hundred and twenty acres of land, worth\\n$40 per acre. Mr. Copeland is regarded as one of the best citizens of\\nVermilion county. His father was one of the pioneers of this county;\\nhe is still living in the neighborhood of Danville.\\nJohn Smith (English), Potomac, farmer, section 5, was born in Eng-\\nland, in February, 1824; he remained at home until he reached the\\nage of twenty-one. He came from England to the state of New York\\nin 1834, and remained there until 1836, when he removed to this state\\nand settled in the township in which he now resides. He was mar-\\nried to Adaline Moorhead on the 3d of December, 1844; she was\\nborn in Virginia on the 12th of December, 1823. They are the par-\\nents of four children Martha J., born on the 15th of October, 1850,\\nand now wife of William Kuykendam, of Danville Alvin G., born on\\nthe 6th of June, 1855; Kobert H., born on the 22d of May, 1858;\\nLaura J., born on the 4th of March, 1861. When Mr. Smith was\\nmarried he did not have enough money to pa} 7 the preacher for marry-\\ning them. He now owns three thousand acres of land, worth $30 per\\nacre, his home place containing one thousand four hundred acres of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0932.jp2"}, "933": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 819\\nwell-improved land, and fattens from one hundred to two hundred\\ncattle and from two hundred to three hundred cattle each year. He\\nhas never mortgaged a piece of land, nor has he ever been more than\\nthree months behind with any payment on land. Mr. Smith does not\\nattribute his success in business altogether to his own exertions, but\\naccords a large degree of his prosperity to the management and labors\\nof his faithful wife, who has always performed her part as a helpmeet\\nwell. His parents, both natives of England, died in Middle Fork town-\\nship. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nWilliam Copsairt, Potomac, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 5th of July, 1836. His father died when he was six\\nyears of age. He then lived with his mother until she died, which\\noccurred when he was eighteen years old. He was married to Louise\\nA. Smith, on the 15th of August, 1861. She was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 24th of August, 1843. They are the parents\\nof six children, four of whom are living: William S., Ada S., David S.\\nand Samuel A. The names of the deceased are Emma J. and Anna J.\\nMr. Copsairt has held the office of school director seven years, is at\\npresent treasurer of the board of commissioners, and has held the office\\nof assessor three terms; he is still holding the last-named office.\\nWilliam O. Payne, Potomac, butcher, proprietor of the butcher-shop\\non Main street, was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 2d of\\nApril, 1S37. His mother died when he was but ten years of age, and,\\nhis father going to Texas, he was turned out to shift for himself. His\\nfather was one of the early settlers of the county, being the first to\\nsettle on the county farm. Mr. Payne has been twice married first\\nto Emma Green, in 1857. She was born in Jefferson county, Indiana,\\nand died in 1869. They had by this marriage five children, four boys\\nand one girl two of these are living and three dead. He was then\\nmarried to Elizabeth Oliver, in 1871, a native of New York. They\\nhad one adopted child. In February, 1866, Mr. Payne enlisted in Co.\\nE, 149th 111. Vol. Inf., and was mustered out by general orders. He\\nowns one lot and butcher-shop in Marysville.\\nCaleb Albert, Potomac, farmer, was born in Butler county, Ohio,\\non the 5th of June, 1836. His father moved to this state when he was\\nbut five years old. The subject of our sketch remained at home until\\ntwenty-one years of age, assisting in farming. He was married to Mary\\nJ. Smith, on the 19th of January, 1860. She wasj born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, in 1841. They are the parents of seven children, six\\nof whom are living: Doranthos, Emma, Mary F., John W., hurley\\nO. and Arnett O. The deceased was Harry W. Mr. Albert has held\\nthe office of township treasurer five years, supervisor of township one", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0933.jp2"}, "934": {"fulltext": "820 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nterm, constable one terra, and school director five years. He owns\\nthree hundred and eight acres of land, worth $25 per acre. His par-\\nents were natives of Pennsylvania.\\nSilas T. Wright, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\non the 14th of September, 1842. He remained on his father s farm\\nuntil he reached the age of twenty-one, and on the 23d of July, 1863,\\nwas married to Nancy E. French. They had by this marriage eight\\nchildren, six of whom are living: Irena E., John C, George W.,\\nCharles F., Wallace and Oliver M. The deceased are Laura J. and\\nElla. Mr. Wright was elected to the office of justice of the peace two\\nyears ago, and still creditably holds that position. His political views\\nare republican, and he is a member of the Christian church. He owns\\none hundred and twenty acres of land, worth $30 per acre. His father\\nis a native of Virginia, and his mother of Indiana.\\nHugh Wright, Armstrong, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, on the 12th of June, 1820. His parents\\nmoved to this state when he was but four years old, settling south of\\nDanville, where they remained one year. They then moved northwest\\nof Danville, staying there ten years, at the expiration of which time he\\nmoved to Middle Fork township, where he has since remained. He\\nwas married to Manena Payne in 1850. She was born near Buler s\\nPoint, in this county, on the 30th of March, 1817. They are the par-\\nents of six children, five of whom are living: America A., Mary,\\nPamelia, Clara and Frank Margarett E. deceased. Mr. Wright relates\\nthat when his father first moved near Danville he found some stone-\\ncoal, and, not knowing that it would burn, built out of it a fire-place,\\nbut soon finding it in a blaze, was of course compelled to remove it.\\nHe never raised but one crop of corn, because he was cheated out of\\nnine bushels on the first load. When Mr. Wright was married he\\nowned almost no property; but, by his thrift and economy, now pos-\\nsesses six hundred acres of fine farming land.\\nWilliam Lefever, Pellsville, farmer, section 22, was born in Ohio\\ncounty, Virginia, on the 6th of March, 1821. He followed teaming\\nover the mountains to Baltimore, Pittsburgh and other places. He\\nmoved to Ohio from Virginia when ten years of age, and remained\\nuntil 1836, when he moved to this state and settled in Tazewell county.\\nHe staid there eight years and then came to Vermilion county, where\\nhe has resided ever since. He was married to Eliza Lefever on the\\n10th of September, 1853. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1830.\\nThey are the parents of seven children, two living John C. and\\nWells. The deceased are G. A. and four infants. Mr. .Lefever has\\ngood improvements on his farm, and is well respected by the people of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0934.jp2"}, "935": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 821\\nhis neighborhood. He has held the offices of school director, super-\\nvisor of township, and commissioner of highways. Mr. Lefever has\\npracticed the veterinary art, and has no small amount of ability.\\nHenry S. French, Armstrong, section 18, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty on the 29th of December, 1845. He worked on his father s\\nfarm until twenty-eight years of age, and on the 25th of January,\\n1872, was married to Sarah Endicott, who was born in Morgan county,\\nOhio. They are the parents of three children, two of whom are liv-\\ning: Mary E. and Henry T. Edgar deceased. Mr. French owns now\\nsixty acres of land, worth $30 per acre. His grandfather was one ot\\nthe very earliest settlers of Vermilion, settling at a very early date near\\nDanville.\\nJ. B. Courtney, Potomac, druggist, was born in what was then\\nMonongalia county, Virginia, on the 2d of March, 1824, and spent his\\nyounger days assisting his father on the farm, coming to this state in\\n1845. He was married in 1848 to Semantha Gruey. She was born\\nin Trumbull county on the 9th of March, 1828. They are the parents\\nof three children Z. B., C. F. and E. A. Mr. Courtney commenced\\nthe drug business in Marysville in 1875. He now has a good stock,\\nand is doing quite a lively business. He is in partnership with Dr.\\nMessner. He has held the office of collector five years, assessor five\\nyears, and justice of the peace one term.\\nJohn W. Duncan, Potomac, farmer, section 25, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 16th of June, 1846. His mother died when he\\nwas but two years of age, and he then lived with his aunt, and part of the\\ntime with his father, until he reached the age of twenty-one. He was\\nmarried to Nancy A. Price on the 5th of September, 1865. She was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 30th of June, 1849. They\\nare the parents of six children Robert W., Samuel, Albert, Harry,\\nMaggie and Nellie. Mr. Duncan has held the office of school director\\nsix years and road commissioner two years. He raises considerable\\ncorn, which he feeds at home. His parents were natives of Kentucky\\nhis wife s parents, of Ohio.\\nO. P. Soper, Armstrong, merchant, was born in Chittenden county,\\nVermont, on the 5th of April, 1828. His chances for an early educa-\\ntion were good. His father came west in the fall of 1847 and settled\\nin Lake county in this state, remaining three years, when he returned\\nto Vermont. Mr. S. has been twice married first to Jerusha A veil, in\\nApril, 1851. She was born in Franklin county, Vermont, and died\\nin 1867. They had by this marriage two children Emma J. and\\nH. O. S. He was then married to Laura E. Harrington in March, 1869.\\nShe was born in Franklin county, Vermont. They had by this mar-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0935.jp2"}, "936": {"fulltext": "822 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nriage four children Luella, Idella, Ebbert and Kate. He commenced\\nthe grocery business in Armstrong in 1876, and now has about $1,500\\ninvested. He owns the lot and store, and also a good house and lot. He\\nis doing a lively business in his line of trade.\\nMarion Good wine, Potomac, farmer, section 1, was born in Warren\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 26th of August, 1846. His father moved to\\nthis state when he was but one year old, and settled in this township.\\nMr. Goodwine remained on the farm until twenty-two years of age,\\nand for three years wes engaged in the mercantile business in Higgins-\\nville, and was postmaster for the same length of time. On the 1st of\\nSeptember, 1870, he was married to Harriet Selsor. She was born in\\nMadison county, Ohio, on the 1st of May, 1850. They are the parents\\nof three children, two of whom are living Hattie and Freddie. The\\ndeceased was an infant.\\nJohn Goodwine, jr., Potomac, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nVermilion county on the 2d of December, 1848. He has been twice\\nmarried first, to Mary Alexander, on the 22d of December, 1870. She\\nwas born in Vermilion county, and died on the 19th of October, 1872.\\nThey had by this marriage one child Anna, born on the 19th of July,\\n1872. He was then married to Lidora A. Lane, on the 14th of May,\\n1874, born in Ohio. They have had two children John W.. living,\\nand one infant, deceased. The land of Mr. Goodwine, a farm of six\\nhundred and forty-five acres, worth $35 per acre, is under excellent\\ncultivation. He feeds and ships a large number of cattle and hogs\\nyearly. He has a fine dwelling-house, it costing him some $2,000.\\nWilliam Judy, Blue Grass, farmer and stock-raiser, section 18, was\\nborn in Hardy county, Virginia, on the 25th of December, 1837. He\\nremained with his father until twenty-four years of age, engaged in\\nfarming, and having but a poor chance for an education. With his\\nfather he came to this state in the fall of 1850, and settled in the town-\\nship in which he still resides. He was married to Nancy Wood on the\\n27th of March, 1862. She was born in Vermilion county on the 3d of\\nOctober, 1847. They have had seven children, of whom are living\\nElizabeth, Frank, Milton, Charley; one infant deceased. Mr. Judy\\nowns three hundred and twenty-five acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nHe attributes his success in business not alone to his own toil and\\nindustry, but also to the faithfulness and encouragement of his enter-\\nprising wife, who is a lady much respected by all with whom she has\\ncome in contact.\\nIsaac Mantle, Pellsville, farmer, section 22, was born in Pickaway\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 8th of April, 1829. His father died when he was\\nbut eight years old. He was married to Mary J. Kader in 1850. She", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0936.jp2"}, "937": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 823\\nwas born in Perrysville, Indiana. They are the parents of ten chil-\\ndren, seven of whom are living: John, Solomon, Charles, Mary J.\\n(now married), Matilda, Lizzie, Alice. The deceased are: George,\\nIsaac and Ellen. Mr. Mantle has held the office of highway commis-\\nsioner several years. He handles a large number of cattle each year,\\nand raises a good deal of corn which he feeds. His father was a native\\nof Ohio, his mother, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mantle owns three hun-\\ndred and forty acres of land, worth $40 per acre.\\nP. G. Young, Potomac, blacksmith, was born in Franklin county,\\nOhio, on the 11th of April, 1836. He remained at home engaged in\\nfarming until he was sixteen years old, and then went away to learn\\nthe blacksmith s trade. He came to this state in 1850, and settled in\\nthe township where he has since resided. He has been twice married\\nfirst, to Mary B. Copsairt, on the 1st of May, 1866. She was born in\\nthis county on the 25th of July, 1838, and died in 1873. There have\\nbeen two children born to them, one of whom is living: William.\\nThe name of the deceased is Theodosia. Mr. Young was married to\\nMartha Moore in 1871. Mary B., their only child, died. Mr. Young\\nhas held the office of school director nine years. He commenced black-\\nsmithing in Marysville in 1860, and has been doing a good business\\nhere ever since. He owns the blacksmith-shop, the lot on which it\\nstands, a dwelling-house and eighty acres of land, worth $1,500. His\\nparents were natives of Ohio.\\nA. B. Judy, Potomac, farmer, section 21, was born in Hard} T county,\\nWest Virginia, on the 31st of July, 1842. He came with his father to\\nthis state in 1851. Although he had limited advantages for an early\\neducation, by close attention to his books at home he has acquired suffi-\\ncient knowledge to enable him to teach school, which vocation he has\\nfollowed during the winters since 1861, also teaching several summer\\nterms. He enlisted in the late war, and in February, 1864, with Co.\\nE, 51st 111. Inf. Vols., went bravely to the front to fight for the preser-\\nvation of the Union. He was in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw Moun-\\ntain, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesborough, and of Atlanta. He was mar-\\nried on the 19th of January, 1879, to Mary E. Sterling, who was born\\nin New Milford, Connecticut, on the 4th of March, 1843. She has\\nstudied medicine at the Hygiene College of New Jersey, and has prac-\\nticed some. They have quite an extensive library of medical works.\\nHenry Bass, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Buckingham county,\\nEngland, on the 20th of May, 1824. He clerked in his father s dry-\\ngoods store for several years, and in 1850 was married to Harriett Ben-\\nnett. She was born in Bedfordshire, England, in 1822. In 1851 Mr.\\nBass came to America. He owns two hundred and thirty acres of fine", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0937.jp2"}, "938": {"fulltext": "824 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nfarm land, worth $25 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Bass are the parents of\\nseven children, four of whom are living: Mary, Fanny (now wife of\\nSamuel Gilbert, of Ross township), Fred and Arthur. The deceased\\nare Thomas, Harriett and Samuel.\\nWalter Smith, Potomac, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in War-\\nren county, Ohio, on the 10th of January, 1830. He remained at\\nhome, and his father being a weaver, learned the weaver s trade, until\\nhe reached the age of 22. Mr. Smith has been married twice first to\\nIrena Lane, on the 25th of November, 1852. She was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 9th of March, 1839, and died on the 8th\\nof February, 1875. They had eight children by this union. He was\\nthen married to Nancy A. Blerens, on the 31st of January, 1876. She\\nwas born in Vermilion county, in 1854. They have two children by\\nthis marriage: Hattie E., born on the 8th of December, 1876, and\\nWinfield C, born on the 24th of March, 1878.\\nDavid Thomas, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Warren county, In-\\ndiana, on the 9th of May, 1832. His father died when he was ten years\\nold, and he, thrust among strangers, was compelled to work during the\\nnights to enable him to pay his board and go to school. Mr. Thomas\\nhas been twice married first to Caroline Barker, in 1852. She was\\nborn in Indiana in 1833, and died in 1863. They had by this marriage\\nfour children, three of whom are living: Elisabeth E., now wife of\\nGeorge Bradley, of Boss township; Samuel M., and Sarah E., now\\nmarried. He was then married on the 12th of April, 1864, to Rebecca\\nJones, who was born in Vermilion county. They had by this union\\nfour children, two living George and Charles H. The deceased are\\nJames E. and Mary. Mr. Thomas has held the office of school director\\nsix years, school treasurer five years, supervisor of township one term,\\njustice of the peace live years, assessor one term and collector one term.\\nHe owns eighty-three acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nM. C. Doney, Potomac, farmer, was born in Marshall county, Indi-\\nana, on the 5th of May, 1840. His mother died when he was but nine\\nyears of age. He came to this state and settled in Vermilion county\\nin 1852. He was married to Christiana Doran, on the 11th of Novem-\\nber, 1860. They have had nine children William J., Frances G.,\\nAlbert E., Mary M., Charles, Anna, Lieuberta A., Caroline L. and\\nOdesa. Mr. Doney has held the office of school director two years and\\npathmaster two years. He raises considerable corn, which he feeds to\\nhis cattle and hogs. He owns two hundred and forty-four acres of land,\\nworth $35 per acre. His parents are natives of Ohio. Mrs. Doney s\\nparents are natives of Virginia.\\nJohn M. Davis, Potomac, lawyer, was born in Vermilion county,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0938.jp2"}, "939": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FOKK TOWNSHIP. 825\\nIllinois, on the 17th of July, 1853. His chances for an early education\\nwere good. He attended school at the university of this state one\\nyear, then entered Ann Arbor and staid one year. After reading law\\nin Danville with Mann Calhoun he entered the University of Michi-\\ngan, where he graduated, and was admitted to the bar of the supreme\\ncourt of Michigan on the 25th of March, 1878. He commenced prac-\\ntice in Marysville on the 2d of April, 1878. Mr. Davis is a young\\nman of more than ordinary ability, and he bids fair to rank high in his\\nchosen profession. His father, a native of Virginia, was one of the\\npioneers of Vermilion county.\\nFrederick Bennett, Potomac, farmer, was born in Bedfordshire,\\nEngland, in 1831. He farmed until seventeen years of age. He was\\nmarried in February, 1868, to Amanda J. Jamison. She was born in\\nOhio in 1844. They have had five children, two of whom Fanny\\nB. and Thomas M. are living three died in infancy. Mr. Bennett\\nhas held the office of pathmaster. He came with his parents to America\\nwhen quite young, landing at New York. From there, in 1853, he\\ncame to this county, where he has since resided. He owns two hun-\\ndred and sixteen acres of land, worth $30 an acre.\\nBruce H. Rutledge, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, on the 27th of September, 1853, and remained on the farm until\\nseventeen years old assisting his father. He was married to Malissa\\nJ. Haller on the 15th of October, 1876. She was born in Nicholas\\ncounty, Kentucky, on the 13th of September, 1858. They have had\\nbut one child, Mary A., born on the 6th of September, 1878. The\\nfather of Mr. Rutledge, who is still living in this township, was in the\\nBlack Hawk war. Bruce is an industrious young man, and is farming\\nforty acres of land, worth $25 per acre.\\nJ. C. Merrill, farmer, was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the\\n26th of September, 1853. His father died when he was but one year\\nold, and his mother married the second time. He then lived with his\\nstepfather until sixteen years of age. He was married to Jenny Part-\\nlow on the 16th of February, 1876. She was born in Vermilion\\ncounty on the 6th of November, 1855. They have one child, Susan,\\nborn on the 22d of November, 1876. Mr. Merrill is now residing\\non the farm of his father-in-law, Mr. Partlow, of Marysville. His\\nfather was a native of Vermont, his mother of England.\\nDavid P. Layton, Potomac, farmer and stock-raiser, section 19, was\\nborn in New York on the 16th of October, 1829, and spent his early\\nlife assisting his father on the farm. He lived in Ohio one year, and\\nthen removed to Indiana, where he remained nine years. He then\\ncame to Illinois, settling in Vermilion county, and here he has re-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0939.jp2"}, "940": {"fulltext": "826 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmained since. He was married in Indiana, in 1859, to Martha Wilson,\\nwho was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1833. They are\\nthe parents of four children Charley, Annie E., Coburn G. and Will-\\niam. Mr. Layton had when married but very little property, and by\\nhis economy, perseverance and industry has now acquired a good prop-\\nerty, owning the best dwelling-house in the township. He obtained a\\nstart by managing a ditching machine. His father was a native of\\nNew York and his mother of Pennsylvania. He is a republican in\\npolitics. He owns one hundred and sixty-seven acres of land, worth\\n$35 per acre.\\nA. G. Smith, Potomac, farmer and stock-dealer, section 8, was born\\nin Yermilion county, Illinois, on the 5th of June, 1855. His father,\\nJohn Smith (English), of this township, is one of the largest land-\\nowners and most extensive stock-dealers in this county. Mr. A. G.\\nSmith ships from ten to fifteen car-loads of cattle every year, besides\\nquite a number of hogs. He is so far following the example of his\\nfather that he is one of the most thorough business young men in the\\ncounty. He was married on the 7th of October, 1875, to Lizzie Wilkie.\\nShe was born in Scotland on the 12th of April, 1855. They are the\\nparents of two children John C, born on the 27th of April, 1877,\\nand Laura, born on the 27th of April, 1879. Mr. Smith owns five\\nhundred and forty acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nMilton Watson, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nOhio, on the 15th of May, 1823. He remained on the farm assisting\\nhis father until he reached the age of sixteen. He came to this state\\nin 1858, settling in this county, and here he has since remained. He\\nwas married in 1843. This wife, Mrs. Mary Watson, was born in Vir-\\nginia. They had six children, three of whom are now living. Mr.\\nWatson was married in 1854 to Sarah Jones, a native of Ohio. By\\nthis marriage eight children were born to them, five of whom are liv-\\ning. Mr. Watson enlisted in the late war, in 1862, with Co. I, 125th\\n111. Inf. Vol., as teamster, and was mustered out by general order. He\\nwas injured by a wagon while in the service, for which injury he re-\\nceives a pension of eighteen dollars per month. Mr. Watson has prac-\\nticed the veterinary art for some years, and seems to be quite success-\\nful.\\nCharles B. Westcott, Potomac, farmer, section 16, was born in\\nWayne county, New York, on the 1st of June, 1830. His chances for\\nan early education were good, having been educated for a minister of the\\ngospel, but being of skeptical turn of mind, dissented from the church,\\nbelieving, as he still does, that all religious worship is idolatry. He\\nwas at one time owner and captain of a boat called the Bella Clyde,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0940.jp2"}, "941": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 822\\nwhich plied between Albany and New York. Mr. Westcott came to\\nthis state in 1858, settling in Shelby county, where he remained two\\nyears. lie then returned to New York, and, after staying one year,\\ncame back to this state, where he has since resided. Mr. Westcott was\\nmarried toUrie Palhemus on the 9th of January, 1852. She was born\\nin New York on the 4th of September, 1834. They have had by this\\nunion two children Taylor M. and Hattie M., now wife of Henry\\nWeaver, of Edgar county.\\nWilliam Hobbs, Armstrong, farmer, section 31, the subject of this\\nsketch, was born in Nelson county, Kentucky, on the 26th of April,\\n1820. He remained at home until he reached the age of thirty-nine.\\nHe has been twice married first, to Mary Strong, on the 29th of No-\\nvember, 1849. She was born in Illinois, and is now deceased. They\\nhad five children by this marriage, all now dead. He was then mar-\\nried to Allie Biggerstaff, on the 16th of December, 1860. She was\\nborn near Covington, Indiana, in 1840. They have by this union three\\nchildren Joseph H., Katie L. and William E. Mr. Hobbs has held\\nthe office of school director fifteen years, and is one of the oldest set-\\ntlers of this county. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nG. M. Crays, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Sangamon county,\\nIllinois, on the 25th of August, 1833. His chances for an earl} 7 edu-\\ncation were good, and he has taught, six years in succession, a district\\nschool. Mr. Crays has been a traveling minister of the M. E. church\\nfor the past twenty years, and possesses no small amount of ability.\\nOn the 14th of September, 1849, he was married to Courtney Lafay-\\nette. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 28th of Janu-\\nary, 1841. They have had by this union nine children, seven of whom\\nare living: Mark A., George E., Anna M., Richard C, Alfred C,\\nClara and Emaline. The names of the deceased are: Charles W. and\\nElizabeth. Mr. Crays has held the office of school director for several\\nyears, and is regarded as one of Vermilion county s best citizens. His\\nparents were natives of North Carolina.\\nJames F. Anderson, Potomac, carpenter, was born in Clarke count\\\\ r\\nIndiana, on the 19th of December, 1826. He remained at home\\nworking in his father s wagon shop until he reached the age of nine-\\nteen. His chances for an early education were quite limited. Mr.\\nAnderson has been twice married: first, to Mary Owens, in 1859.\\nThey had by this marriage two children Miller P. and John J. He\\nwas then married to Eliza Valandingham in 1869. She was born in\\nOwen county, Kentucky. Mr. Anderson, in the late war, enlisted in\\nCo. E, 30th 111. Inf. Vol., and in 1861 went forward to battle bravely\\nfor his country. He was in the battle of Mount Sterling, and was", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0941.jp2"}, "942": {"fulltext": "828 HISTOKT OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmustered out by general orders. He owns a house and lot in Marys-\\nville.\\nCharles E. Pressey, Potomac, merchant, owns a hardware and tin\\nstore, keeping on hand a stock of agricultural implements, on Main\\nstreet, in Marysville; also the store building and the lot on which it\\nstands, and besides this, one lot and home residence, and thirty-six\\nother lots in Marysville. He was born in Tompkins county, New\\nYork, on the 25th of November, 1837, and remained at home with\\nhis parents until eighteen years of age, attending school most of the\\ntime. He left home and went into a store in New York, where he\\nstaid three years, and in 1859 came to this state and farmed seven\\nyears. Here he married Emily Stewart, who was born in Decatur\\ncounty, Indiana. They are the parents of two children Ralph and\\nLillie. Mr. Pressy has held the office of village trustee three years.\\nHe was appointed postmaster at Potomac in 1876, which office he still\\nholds.\\nW A. McMurtrey, Potomac, agent for American Express Com-\\npany, was born in Boone county, Kentucky, on the 1st of December,\\n1836 remained at home with his parents until he was nineteen years\\nof age, learning the blacksmith trade he then went to Indiana, re-\\nmaining there from 1856 to 1860, working on a farm. Mr. McMur-\\ntrey enlisted on the 1st of April, 1863, in Co. K, 135th 111. Yol. Inf.,\\nand served one hundred days as private he reenlisted on the 3d of\\nFebruary, 1864, in Co. E, 149th 111. Yol. Inf. as second-lieutenant, but\\nwas soon promoted to first-lieutenant and served twelve months. Com-\\ning home, he married Mary Allbright on the 10th of September, 1866.\\nShe was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, in 1848. They have three\\nchildren Edwin S., Leo H. and Maggie. Mr. McMurtrey has held\\nthe office of school director six months. He owns a half interest in a\\ngood lumber yard, and possesses a neat residence. His parents were\\nnatives of Kentucky.\\nL. B. Marshall, Potomac, farmer, section 26, was born in Warren\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 21st of September, 1842. His parents died\\nwhen he was quite young, and he, thrown thus upon his own resources,\\nhad but a poor chance for an earl} education. In 1864 he eplisted in\\nCo. B, 135th Ind., for one hundred days. Mr. Marshall has held the\\noffice of constable two years in this township was employed in Marys-\\nville as clerk in the dry-goods and grocery store of W. J. Henderson\\nfor some time. He now resides on the Copeland farm near Marys-\\nville.\\nScott Elliott, Armstrong, farmer, section 13, was born in Winne-\\nbago county, Illinois, on the 13th of January, 1842. At the age of six-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0942.jp2"}, "943": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 829\\nteen he left the farm, and with an ox-team started for Pike s Peak,\\nwhere he remained three years. He enlisted in the late war in August,\\n1861, in Co. B, 1st Col. Cav., as quarter-master sergeant. He was\\nordered out among the Indians, where he remained two years, engag-\\ning in several skirmishes with the redskins. He was mustered out in\\n1866, and returned to this state and married Mary E. Rigles, on the\\n2d of September, 1867. She was born in Pennsylvania on the 13th of\\nFebruary, 1843. They are the parents of three children Merrit,\\nClayton and Lafariest. Mr. Elliott s parents are natives of Ohio Mrs.\\nElliott s of Pennsylvania. Mr. Elliott now owns one hundred and\\nforty-two acres of land, worth $40 per acre.\\nL. C. Messner, Potomac, drirggist and physician, was born in Darke\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 15th of December, 1844. He left home when fit-\\nteen years of age, and his chances for an early education were limited.\\nAt the age of sixteen by daily labor he paid off a mortgage of one hun-\\ndred dollars on his father s farm, thus preventing foreclosure. In 1865-\\n66 he attended two courses of lectures in Rush Medical College, at\\nChicago, and receiving a diploma for the practice of medicine in 1866, he\\nsettled in Marysville as a medical practitioner, in which profession he has\\nbeen quite successful. The Doctor has been twice married first to\\nMary Drummond in September, 1866. They had three children by\\nthis marriage: Nellie M., William C, living, and Alma U., deceased.\\nHe was then married to Maria J. Clark on the 9th of January, 1873.\\nBy this union one infant, deceased. Dr. Messner has held the office of\\ntown-clerk one term, and school-treasurer four years. He had, when\\nhe commenced the practice of medicine, no property, but now owns a\\nhalf interest in a drug-store, a house, lot and about ten thousand dol-\\nlars worth of other property which he has earned by his energy, in-\\ndustry and economy.\\nCharles A. Jameson, Potomac, cabinetmaker, was born in Cham-\\npaign county, Ohio, on the 3d of March, 1847. He learned his trade\\nwhen quite young. He was married to Emelia Richart on the 15th of\\nSeptember, 1869. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1852.\\nThey are the parents of three children Maggie M., Lulu E. and Rob-\\nert. Mr. Jameson is a very enterprising and industrious man. He\\nowns one lot and cabinetshop, and three-fourths of an acre Math good\\ndwelling. His father was one of the pioneers of this county.\\nJames D. Anderson, Potomac, farmer, section 8, remained on his\\nfather s farm until 1861, with his mother, his father having died when\\nhe was fifteen years old. At this time he enlisted in Co. F, 35th 111.\\nInf. Vol., as private. He was in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission\\nRidge, Perryville, Resaca, Buzzard s Roost and the battle before", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0943.jp2"}, "944": {"fulltext": "830 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nAtlanta. In an engagement he received a wound in the neck. He\\nwas married to Mary Partlow on the 6th of October, 1869. She was\\nborn in Vermilion county in 1852. They have had by this union five\\nchildren, three of whom are living: Mattie, Ray and Nellie; the\\ndeceased are Willie and Jesse. Mr. Anderson owns his farm, which\\ncontains one hundred and sixty-three acres, worth $30 per acre. In\\npolitics he is a republican; religion, Methodist.\\nWilliam Kirkhart, Armstrong, farmer, section 18, was born in\\nWetzel county, West Virginia, on the 10th of September, 1847. His\\nparents died when he was quite young, leaving him, at the tender age\\nof eight, to fight life s battles alone; consequently, his chances for an\\nearly education were poor. He was married to Mary S. Perry, on the\\n10th of January, 1871. She was born in Vermilion county, on the 15th\\nof April, 1856. They have had by this marriage five children, three of\\nwhom are living: Elmer, Nellie and Mariddie. The deceased were\\ninfant twins.\\nH. Biederman, shoemaker, Potomac, was born in Germany, on the\\n25th of April, 1846, and came to America on the 17th of July, 1870.\\nMr. Biederman has never entered the married state. He owns a lot in\\nMarysville, on which is the shoe-shop. He is an honest, industrious\\nman, and well respected by all who know him.\\nJ. C. Williams, Armstrong, grain merchant, was born in Vanderburg\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 6th of November, 1847. He came to this state\\nin 1867, settling in McLean county, and there aided his uncle in im-\\nproving a farm. He was married to Mary T. Dickinson, on the 14th\\nof October, 1870. She was born in Pike county, Illinois, on the 5th\\nof July, 1847. Mr. Williams farm of one hundred and fifteen acres,\\nworth $40 per acre, is adjacent to the thriving little village of Arm-\\nstrong. Upon the outskirts of the town he has a fine dwelling, and he\\nhas also a grain office, scales, and extensive grain-cribs. He bought\\nand shipped over forty thousand bushels of corn and twenty-five thou-\\nsand bushels of oats the first year of his entering the business, which\\nwas in 1877. Mr. Williams is an energetic business man, and by him\\nthe grain trade has been started in Armstrong.\\nRobert Miller, Armstrong, farmer, section 25, was born in Wash-\\nington county, Pennsylvania. His father being a farmer, he worked\\non the farm until twenty-one years of age. His father came to this\\nstate and first settled in Champaign county. He remained there one\\nyear, and then moved to Indiana, where he stayed six years, and then\\nreturned to this state. Mr. Miller was married to Elizabeth Small, on\\nthe 25th of September, 1870. She was born in Vermilion county in\\n1852. They are the parents of five children Joseph W., Anna B.,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0944.jp2"}, "945": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 831\\nRobert P., Benjamin F. and Thomas E. Mr. Miller raises principally\\ncorn, which he feeds at home. He owns one hundred and ninety-nine\\nacres of land, worth $30 per acre. His parents were natives of\\nPennsylvania Mrs. Miller s parents were natives of Indiana.\\nT. W. Buckingham, Potomac, inn-keeper and justice of the peace,\\ncommenced in 1876 to manage the hotel on Main street in Marysville,\\nknown as the Murcle House. He was born in Allen county, Indiana,\\non the 23d of April, 1833. His father died when he was but five years\\nof age, and he lived with his mother, going to school in the winter and\\nworking on a farm in the summer, until twenty-one years of age. He\\nleft home, went to Pittsburgh, and entered the mercantile business.\\nHe came to this state in 1870, settling in Fainnount, in this county.\\nHe went into the grocery business, but afterward became a commercial\\ntraveler for some time. He was married in 1856 to Ellen A. Clark.\\nShe was born in the state of New York, on the 10th of April, 1838.\\nThey are the parents of five children Mary A., now wife of G. J.\\nMay, of Marysville Mable F., George T., Myrtie and Clyde. The\\nparents of Mr. Buckingham were natives of New York, and the parents\\nof Mrs. B. of New Jersey.\\nJ. E. Jameson, Potomac, mechanic, was born in Muskingum county,\\nOhio, on the 15th of March, 1847. He remained at his native place\\nuntil he reached the age of twenty-five, working out by the month\\npart of the time, and at other times assisting his father in farming.\\nSoon after this he learned the wagon and carriage making trade, which\\ntrade he still follows. He was married to Eliza Knox, on the 8th of\\nOctober, 1873. She was born in Vermilion county in 1842, and died\\non the 15th of January, 1878. They had by this marriage two chil-\\ndren Thomas R. and Minnie B. Mr. Jameson commenced business\\nin 1872, and now owns two houses and lots in Marysville. His father,\\none of the pioneers of Vermilion county, built the first carriage-shop in\\nthe village.\\nJames Wilson, Marysville, blacksmith, was born in West Virginia,\\non the 13th of April, 1834, and was raised on a farm, where he remained\\nuntil eighteen years of age, at which time he learned the blacksmith\\ntrade, which was his chosen trade. He came to this state in 1872, set-\\ntling in this county in Oakwood township, and removed to Blue Grass\\nin 1875, where he still resides, and where he still continues to work at\\nthe blacksmith trade, doing a good business. Mr. Wilson has been\\ntwice married first, in 1857, to Irene Evie, who was born in Virginia\\nand died in 1875. They had seven children, five living: Morgan,\\nCharley, Joseph, Martha and Sarah. The deceased were Mary and one", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0945.jp2"}, "946": {"fulltext": "832 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ninfant. He was then married to Christina Wright in 1876. She was\\nborn in Indiana in 1838.\\nCharles T. Morse, Potomac, merchant, is a member of the firm of\\nLudden Morse, on the corner of public square, Marysville. These\\ngentlemen keep on hand a good stock of dry-goods and groceries. Mr.\\nM. was bom in New Haven, Connecticut, on the 22d of February,\\n1827. He remained at home with his parents until twenty-one years\\nof age. His chances for an early education were good, and he availed\\nhimself of the opportunities thus offered. He was brought up as clerk\\nin a store, thus becoming well acquainted with the business, which he\\nhas continued to follow to the present time. For some years Mr. Morse\\nwas connected with a wholesale dry-goods house in Chicago. He came\\nto Marysville and commenced business in 1872, and has, at this time,\\nabout $5,000 invested in stock in Marysville. He has held the office\\nof school trustee for six years. His parents are natives of Connecticut.\\nThomas Carter, Potomac, farmer, section 8, was born in Tippecanoe\\ncount} 7 Indiana, on the 26th of July, 1846, and during the early part\\nof his life remained on the farm. He was married to Mary E. McQuil-\\nlen, on the 22d of December, 1873. She was born in Missouri in 184S-\\nThe} 7 are the parents of four children John, William, Gracy J. and\\nHarrison. Mr. Carter owns a farm of fifty acres, worth $50 per acre,\\nand handles some stock every year. The parents of both Mr. and Mrs.\\nCarter are natives of Ohio. He is a republican in politics, and his\\nreligious views are Methodist.\\nAlbert H. Dickson, Armstrong, farmer, was born in Barren county,\\nKentucky, on the 7th of March, 1853. Although his chances for an\\nearly education were limited, yet he acquired sufficient knowledge,\\nmostly at home, to enable him to teach the branches taught in the\\ncountry school. He has been teaching in the winters for some five\\nyears past. He was married to Mary E. French on the 29th of August,\\n1876. She was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 19th of July,\\n1858. They have had but one child Irena E., born on the 27th of\\nDecember, 1877. Mr. Dickson has held the office of postmaster one\\nyear. He is an active member of the Christian church, and is preparing\\nfor the ministry, having acted in that capacity for some time past. He\\nbids fair to become a useful man in the community in which he lives.\\nSilas H. Yandoren, Armstrong, physician, was born in Fulton\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 9th of January, 1851. At the age of sixteen\\nhe commenced the study of medicine, first reading with Dr. Campbell,\\nof Wilmington, Illinois, and afterward attending lectures in Chicago\\nfor one year. At the expiration of this course of lectures he received\\na diploma, and for three years remained in Chicago as a practicing phy-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0946.jp2"}, "947": {"fulltext": "MIDDLE FORK TOWNSHIP. 833\\nsician, then he removed to Livingston county, remaining one year,\\nwhen he came to Armstrong, where he is still following his profession.\\nThe Doctor is of the Eclectic school, and his labors have been attended\\nwith much success. He was married to Dora Fleming on the 29th of\\nDecember, 1874. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the\\n19th of December, 1852. They had by this union two children, of\\nwhich, Willie, born on the 10th of May, 1876, is living, and an infant\\ndeceased.\\nCharles P. Duncan, Potomac, groceries, was born in Fountain county,\\nIndiana, on the 22d of July, 1852. He remained with his father until\\nhe was married to Mary A. Copeland, on the 16th of August, 1876.\\nShe was born in Vermilion county, Illinois. They are the parents of\\none child Ernest C, born on the 1st of August, 1878. Mr. Duncan\\nis an energetic young man, and is doing a lively business. He owns\\ntwo lots and a dwelling-house in Marysville, and has about one thou-\\nsand dollars invested in groceries. His parents are natives of Penn-\\nsylvania.\\nJohn E. Butz, Potomac, physician, was born in Wyandot county,\\nOhio. His father moved to this state in 1853, settling in Decatur. His\\nmother died when he was but seven years of age. He was taken care\\nof till three years of age by his father. He then moved a second time.\\nMr. Butz worked on a farm until twenty-one years of age. His chances\\nfor an early education were not very good. He entered Ann Arbor\\nhigh school in 1871, and graduated in June, 1875. He commenced\\nthe study of medicine the same fall, and graduated at Rush Medical\\nCollege in February, 1878. He commenced the practice of medicine\\nin Marysville on the 1st of April, 1878. He has been getting a good\\npractice, which has been attended with good success. On the 25th of\\nApril, 1879, the Doctor performed a surgical operation on a child for\\nhare-lip, a child of Mr. Buckingham, of Marysville. He was assisted\\nin the operation by Dr. Messner, of that place. The operation was a\\nsuccess. He also operated on Jane Reese for deformity of the mouth,\\ncaused by mercury. He was assisted also in this operation by Dr.\\nMessner. This operation was performed on the 11th of May, 1879.\\nThis also bids fair to be attended with good results. The Doctor has a\\nbright prospect of making a splendid physician and surgeon.\\nGeorge W. Young, Potomac, blacksmith, was born in Franklin\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 16th of April, 1842. His mother died when he\\nwas but twelve years old. He then lived with his father until he was\\nmarried to Laura Underhill, on the 17th of May, 1877. She was born in\\nClinton county, Indiana, on the 1st of August, 1868. They have\\nburied two infants. He learned blacksmithing when quite young, and\\n53", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0947.jp2"}, "948": {"fulltext": "834 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncommenced his trade in Marysville in 1878. Mr. Young is an energetic,\\nindustrious man, and is receiving the good patronage that he deserves.\\nH. E. Thomas, Potomac, barber, was born in La Porte county, In-\\ndiana, on the 1st of May, 1854. At the age of seventeen he learned\\nthe trade which he has since followed. He was married to Margaret\\nJohnson on the 16th of May, 1875. She was born in Indianapolis, In-\\ndiana, on the 19th of October, 1855. They have had two children by\\nthis marriage Charles C, living, and Delia M., deceased. Mr. Thomas\\ncommenced business as a barber in Marysville in 1878, and has now a\\nlively patronage. His parents are natives of Massachusetts.\\nOAKWOOD TOWNSHIP.\\nThe history of Oakwood township is important, not only on account\\nof its early settlement, but because of its natural advantages as well.\\nIts prairies are rich and extensive, its timber land fully sufficient, while\\nthe wealth of its coal banks is incalculable. Oakwood lies on the\\nwestern border of Vermilion county. Its greatest length is, from east\\nto west, twelve miles. Its width, north and south, is six miles.\\nLike all other townships of Vermilion county, it is made up of parts\\nof several congressional towns. Its north line is two miles north of\\nthe south line of town 20 N. Its south line is two miles north of the\\nsouth line of town 19 N. The west side is the boundary line between\\nVermilion and Champaign counties. It is the middle line of range 14.\\nOn the east the boundary line is broken. Beginning at the south line\\nof the township, at the southeast corner of section 19, T. 19 N., range\\n12 W., the boundary extends north one mile, thence east two miles on\\nthe south side of sections 17 and 16; thence north one mile; thence\\nwest one mile to the southeast corner of section 8; thence north one\\nmile; thence west one-fourth mile; thence north one mile, and thence\\nback east to the section line, where a north course on the east side of\\nsections 32 and 29, in town 20, range 12, leads to the northern bound-\\nary. It will thus be seen that Oakwood includes a part of six con-\\ngressional towns; that the greater portion of it is in range 13 W. that\\nthere is just one half of one congressional town in range 14; that but\\na small portion is in range 12 W., and that the whole consists of sixty-\\nfive and three-fourths square miles.\\nIn surface and soil the township is diversified. There is little of\\nthe soil, however, that cannot be said to be very deep, rich and pro-\\nductive. On the eastern end of the township the broken surface is", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0948.jp2"}, "949": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 835\\nnot quite so attractive to the eye, nor perhaps as remunerative to the\\nlaborer; but it furnishes timber for those who dwell in the prairies.\\nOn the east end of the south side the same remark would apply. The\\nwestern border is particularly flat in some places, so that the music of\\nthe cheerless frog may often be heard as he boasts of his broad do-\\nmain. Beside the flat surface, there is little else to complain of in\\nregard to Nature s gifts to Oakwood. This defect is largely overcome\\nby draining. In fact, the level land is said to be superior to any other,\\nwhen well drained. The farmers of Oakwood are draining, within the\\nlast few years, as rapidly as they can. All kinds of ditching is done,\\nbut tile draining is the most certain and successful, although we were\\ntold of a mole ditch which had been in successful operation for more\\nthan twenty years. Oakwood is prairie land, with the exception of a\\nband of timber on the east and southeast, and a belt which follows\\nStony Creek about half way across the township, from the south.\\nThese furnish all the timber necessary for the improvement of the\\nprairie portions. There is plenty of water in most parts. On the\\neastern border is the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River; on the\\nsouth side is the Salt Fork through the center we find Stony Creek,\\nwhich rises near the northwest corner of the township, and flows\\nsoutheasterly through sections 31, 5, 8, 9, 16 and 22, and empties into\\nthe Salt Fork.\\nThe township is crossed by one railroad, the Indianapolis, Bloom-\\nington Western. It has lent its influence to the development of the\\ncountry, and although we may conceive this to be from selfish motives,\\nthe result has been beneficial to the country. The unfortunate attempt\\nto build three villages on it within one township must not be imputed\\nto any other than those dwelling there. Besides plenty of water, ex-\\ncellent soil and a good climate, this country is well supplied with wood\\nand coal, particularly the latter. We cannot but believe that the ele-\\nments of a mighty industry are locked up in these resources, and need\\nbut the hand of energy and genius to bring them out. The occupation\\nof the people at present is mostly farming and stock-raising. The soil\\nseems equally adapted to the production of grass, corn and wheat. The\\nwheat crop of 1879 is enormous. The acreage is large, and the average\\nyield is beyond the record of the best wheat-growing portions of the\\nstate. The cultivation of wheat is on the increase. Corn has been the\\nmain crop. Large areas are also sown to grass. Those who ought to\\nknow maintain that the best thing for this country is stock-raising.\\nHogs are very extensively raised, and yet large quantities of corn are\\nannually shipped to Indianapolis from each of the stations on the I. B.\\nW. railroad. At present the country is suffering somewhat from", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0949.jp2"}, "950": {"fulltext": "836 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe financial crash of 1873. Man} 7 farmers ran behind when times were\\ngood, and found themselves much straightened to meet obligations when\\nthe crash came.\\nEARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nThe early settlements in this township take the lead of anything in\\nthe county, both in regard to priority of settlement, and their impor-\\ntance in the subsequent growth of the country and although these\\npioneer efforts were of such importance in the development of the\\nwealth of this country, the particulars have faded away until accuracy\\nis almost impossible in many cases. The early settlement at the old\\nMajor Vance salt works, the first in the township, is fully discussed in\\nanother place. It is only necessaiw to refer to it here. As an example\\nof the general misconception which has arisen in regard to this settle-\\nment, we would say that in Oakwood township we found very few\\npersons who had ever heard of Mr. Treat or Blackmail, and none had\\na just conception of the affair, or a positive knowledge of any of the\\ndetails. Again we were informed that a settlement was made and a\\ncabin built on the Middle Fork as early as 1818, when the evidence\\nshows that the settlement at the salt works was not only the first here,\\nbut the first anywhere within the limits of Yermilion county.\\nAfter the first advent of Captain Blackman, and the building of a\\nresidence by Mr. Treat, in November, 1819, we find a Mr. Bailey on\\nStony Creek. This was probably the first man who settled on that\\ncreek. He came in 1821 or 1822, and opened a small piece of ground\\nin the timber. This was in section 16, town 19 north, range 13 west.\\nHe sold out his interests to Mr. Harvey Ludington, late of Danville,\\nIllinois. Mr. Ludington has been supposed by many to be the first\\nsettler on Stony Creek.\\nStony Creek was called for a long time Ludington s Branch. The\\nnext man in these parts was a Mr. Walker. He settled near the same\\nplace, but a little farther up the creek, near the present site of Muncie.\\nHe, too, left his name with us. That point of timber where he dwelt\\nwent by the name of Walker s Point. The exact date of his settlement\\nwe were unable to learn, but it was after the settlement by Mr. Luding-\\nton. The settlements along the Salt Fork, on the south side of the\\ntownship, were early begun, and here we find the principal population\\nfor some time. The exact date of many of these settlements cannot\\nnow be ascertained, nor do we conceive it to be of very great impor-\\ntance. It is quite probable that the next family that came in here after\\nthose already mentioned was that of the man who built the old water-\\nmill on the Salt Fork where the present steam and water mill is located.\\nThis mill was in operation as early as 1826; how long it had been", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0950.jp2"}, "951": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 837\\nrunning previously we are not quite sure. At this date Mr. Nathaniel\\nMead traveled over the country, and the only inhabitants that he re-\\nmembers were those at this mill, and John Vance, at the salt works.\\nMr. Mead is, perhaps, the oldest person living in Oakwood township\\nwho saw this country as early as 1826; in fact, we doubt whether\\nanother grown person was here in 1826 and is here now. At that time\\nhe was twenty-six years old, having been born in the gray dawn of the\\nnineteenth century. He is from the land of steady habits, having\\nfirst seen the light of day seven miles from Hartford, Connecticut. He\\nremained there till he was eighteen years old. His youthful days were\\nspent in the dairy. On his western-bound trip he first stopped at Cin-\\ncinnati. After a stay here we find him next in Union county, Indiana.\\nAlthough he came here as early as 1826, prospecting, he did not\\npermanently locate his family in this county until 1835. At this time\\nhe bought land near the site of Conkeytown. Excepting a short stay\\nin Covington, Indiana, he has remained in this township ever since.\\nHe has reared a family of children. His sons are well-to-do, important\\nelements in society, and he still lingers on the shores of time, two\\nmiles southwest of Oakwood station, enjoying the fruits of seventy-nine\\nyears toil among the children of men. He remembers well the war\\nof 1812, and the rejoicing at its close. During his recollection not only\\nOakwood township and Vermilion county have been developed from\\ntheir native wildness to a populous, well-organized community, but\\nindustries have sprung up all over the nation. He was seven years old\\nwhen Robert Fulton made that wonderful experiment on the Hudson\\nwhen Lafayette made his wonderful passage through this country he\\nhad reached the age of full manhood; when the first car carried its\\nload of stone from the Qnincy quarries, he was verging on the period\\nof middle-life as Queen Victoria ascended the throne, he was growing\\nold. If all the progress of art and science, which has been made within\\nthe memory of such men as he, was written in a book, the world could\\nscarcely contain it. The progress in itself is not so startling as the fact\\nthat one man s experience has embraced it all.\\nIn following up the settlement after the arrival of the miller on\\nSalt Fork, we are at a loss to trace its progress. William Smith opened\\nthe farm now occupied by J. R. Thompson, as early as 1830. Smith\\nwas an important man in the early settlement of that neighborhood,\\nbut no trace of his descendants is to be found here now. In the same\\nneighborhood, and probably earlier in point of time, was a Mr. Lander.\\nThen, too, we hear of Mr. Shearer in this neighborhood at a very early\\ndate. Among the early settlers in this part, Mr. Pogue was farther\\nwest; he was near the county line. Down along the creek was Mr.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0951.jp2"}, "952": {"fulltext": "838 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nBrewer, and close to the present site of old Conkey Town was Stephen\\nCrane. Thomas W. and John Q. Deakin came in 1835. They lived\\nin this same neighborhood, just on the south line of the township.\\nThey were important elements in the early settlement of the neighbor-\\nhood on Salt Fork. On the west side of Stony Creek, Mr. Wright\\nprobably followed Mr. Walker. In 1832 Mr. Aaron Dalbey followed\\nthe opening made here, and came over from the south side of the Salt\\nFork, and began a farm one mile south of the present site of Muncie.\\nMr. Dalbey was a millwright, and rendered important service to the\\ncommunity in building the second mill on Salt Fork. Mr. Shepherd\\nwas the proprietor, but Mr. Dalbey was the architect and builder.\\nMr. Dalbey remained here till his death. His widow married John\\nMcFarland, and still resides on the original farm. The farm is a good\\none, and under the careful management of Mr. McFarland has reached\\nthe highest state of cultivation. A little farther north, up Stony Creek,\\nwe find John McCarty, about 1836. He settled just above Muncie.\\nBeyond him, and later, came Harrison and Seneca Stearns. They\\ncame to the country, young men, though married, in 1836, and have\\nremained in the edge of the timber ever since. In mentioning the\\nearly settlers, we would not forget John Shepherd, who came in 1836,\\nand engaged in the milling enterprise, but who died before he saw his\\nwork fully completed. These are the principal early settlers in the\\nsouthwestern part of the township. No doubt there were others that\\ncame early, but they soon moved away. Of those who came later we\\nhave scarcely time to speak, although such men as Havard and Cast,\\nthat came in 1838, would now be considered old settlers.\\nThe first settlements within the limits of what might be called the\\nOakwood neighborhood were made by a Mr. Roland, James Norris\\nand Henry Oakwood, who built dwellings the same spring. This was\\nin 1833. Mr. Oakwood, after whom the township was named, opened\\nhis farm then, and remained there the remainder of his life. His work\\nwas identified with the interests of the community. Mr. Hubbard\\ncame to the same place in the fall of 1833, and lived there till his\\ndeath. The descendants of these men are too well known to demand\\nanything more than a mere mention of the name. Henry Sallee came\\nto the county a young man in 1834. He soon married a daughter of\\nHenry Oakwood, and located on the east side of Stony Creek, in the\\nedge of the timber, where he has remained ever since. He has raised\\nhis family there. His daughters are married and live there. They\\ntoo have always lived there, and we suppose that they will die and be\\nburied there. These things are not uncommon in old settled and popu-\\nlous countries, but they are unusual in so recently settled countries as\\nthis.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0952.jp2"}, "953": {"fulltext": "OAK WOOD TOWNSHIP. 839\\nWhen the salt works began to be operated quite extensively, settle-\\nments were made up the Middle Fork. In the timber there were a\\nnumber of settlers and squatters, many of whom went away as the\\ncountry began to be settled up. But a number of the earlier ones\\nremained, and their descendants may still be found, some on the prairie\\nand some still clinging to the woods, indulging the delusion that resi-\\ndence on the prairie requires a hardihood, either enforced by poverty\\nor prompted by a recklessness that abandons all ideas of home. About\\nthe year 1827 Jesse Ventres and James Howell came to the neighbor-\\nhood of where New Town now is. They were from Kentucky. Jesse\\nVentres bought a piece of land one-half mile southeast of New Town\\nfrom a Mr. Indicut, who must have visited this country in an early\\nday. We were shown the residence said to have been built in 1818?\\nbut which we have concluded must have been an error in the date.\\nCertain it is, however, that the building, still occupied by Mr. Michael,\\nwas built at a time when hostilities with the Indians must have been\\nanticipated, for the port-holes, by which the red-cheeks were to be dis-\\ncovered and repelled, were manifest in the building. Mr. Ventres\\nafterward sold out and went to Texas. Abraham W. Rutledge was\\nthe purchaser. He came to the neighborhood in 1832. He lived and\\ndied on this place, and the farm has been in the hands of the heirs\\nuntil recently. Howell lived in different parts of the neighborhood\\nand finally went west. Stephen Griffith came to his farm, one-half\\nmile north of New Town, about 1826 or 1827. His long residence\\nthere, and his efforts in behalf of the public good are too well known\\nto call for a repetition here. There was also in here at a very early\\ndate a regular Predestinarian Baptist preacher by the name of Richard\\nGideon. He came about 1826 or 1827. He is supposed by some to\\nbe the first man who preached in this country. But he, too, went\\nwest. He left for Texas, and none of the family remain. In the fall\\nof 1828 the Makemsons came. The Makemson company was com-\\nposed of Thomas Makemson, a revolutionary soldier, and his family.\\nHis sons were Andrew, David, Samuel, John and James. They\\nstopped one and one-half miles north of the present village of Oak-\\nwood. Here they lived till the father died. John remained on the\\nhome farm for forty-one years. He then went west on account of his\\nhealth. His son still lives on the farm on which he was born. The\\nother descendants of Thomas Makemson are scattered abroad in differ-\\nent places. In this connection, and in this settlement, we find A. W.\\nBrittingham, who came to this country from Maryland in 1830. He\\nwas still single, though born in 1801. He came with his father, who\\nmoved to the juvenile settlement and died there. Arthur married a", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0953.jp2"}, "954": {"fulltext": "840 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ndaughter of Thomas G. Watson in 1833, and settled in the neighbor-\\nhood of which we have been writing. He remained there till 1872.\\nHe had a great deal of knowledge of pioneer life on account of his\\npractice of medicine. He was not a regular physician, but took up the\\nThompsonian water cure and steam bath and applied it in many cases\\nwith some degree of success. Mr. Brittingham still lives at an ad-\\nvanced age, and enjoys a tolerable degree of health.\\nIn the fall of 1828 (or 29, perhaps) John Cox came to the residence\\nof Jesse Ventres s from Big Sandy, in Kentucky. He built a house\\nwithin a short time where Swift s mill now stands. Mr. Cox lived in\\nthe neighborhood until his death in 1846 his sons William and Ste-\\nphen reside in the vicinity of Oakwood Station, having been in the\\ncounty more than fifty years. In 1829 William Craig entered the land\\non which he now lives, at Palestine, Illinois. At this time the land\\noffice was located there. In 1830 he came to the place to improve it;\\nhe was a single man then, being about twenty-two years old. His\\nbrother came with him and they worked together. After one season of\\ntoil and hardship William concluded that it was too big a job for a\\nsingle team, so he set out to. find some susceptible damsel with whom\\nhe might link forces. According to his own account he found the\\nsearch a tedious one, for it was not until 1836 that he led his blushing\\nbride to the altar and beguiled her into a trip to the far west. The\\nstory of Mr. Craig s bridal tour has been so often told, and the partic-\\nulars of his early settlement here have been so thoroughly bruited\\nabroad, that it is not necessary to repeat them here. Suffice it to say\\nthat after a life of excessive toil and hardship, during which he has\\namassed a considerable quantity of property, Mr. Craig finds himself\\nsurrounded by his nine children, none of whom, in all probability, will\\never realize the conditions from which their prosperity sprang, and\\nhimself still able to enjo} 7 life and its blessings. These are the princi-\\npal settlers of the township in the timber. A few of those already\\nmentioned got out short distances from the timber. Mr. William\\nParris claims to be the first man that ventured out into the prairie in\\nOakwood township. He moved from the state road, where he had been\\nsince 1834, to the edge of the prairie northwest of Muncie, in 1842.\\nHe then went farther out and moved a house into the prairie where J.\\nM. Havard now lives. This house was brought all the way from Salt\\nFork and put up where it still stands, in 1844 thirty-five years ago.\\nBut this was only a short distance from the timber. At that time, even,\\nlarge tracts of land lay unoccupied and almost unfrequented within the\\npresent limits of Oakwood township all the western part of the town-\\nship was open and much of it afterward sold at very low figures:", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0954.jp2"}, "955": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 841\\nsuch as was denominated swamp land was sold as low as twelve and\\na half cents per acre. The first to settle in the prairie northwest\\nof where the village of Fithian now is, was James H. Black. His resi-\\ndence was beyond the settlements entirely he was deemed crazy,\\nalmost. The first settlers had thought that if they secured the prairie\\nadjoining the timber no one would ever go beyond them, and they\\nwould thus have perpetual range on the prairie. Mr. Black made his\\nhome where he now lives in 1856 here he bought two hundred and\\nforty acres of land and improved it. At about this same time William\\nM. Kutledge came to the prairie where he now lives, in the northwest\\ncorner of Oakwood township. He, too, has remained where his home-\\nplace is for twenty-three years he owns just one half section here.\\nHe is a son of the early settler, A. W. Rutledge, who located south-\\neast of New Town in 1832. These pioneers of the prairie have en-\\njoyed a remarkable degree of good luck. They bought their land for a\\ntrifle they were not under the necessity of clearing it before they\\ncould cultivate. They were not compelled to fence for some time, and\\nall they required to become independent was a determination to stay\\nright there. Their land has increased in value more than tenfold in\\nmany cases, and what could have been bought for a few hundreds then\\nis worth as many thousands now.\\nIn following up Stony Creek the early settlers began to get out into\\nthe prairie somewhat. At the Crab Apple Grove we find Joseph\\nL. Shepherd, in 1849. He bought land there, and has remained near\\nthe same place ever since. A little farther up, and more decidedly in\\nthe prairie, we find James Gorman as early as 1853. From about this\\ntime the active occupation of the prairie may be dated. When we look\\nover this broad area of productive farm-land, and see the immense\\ncrops of corn, oats, wheat and potatoes that are annually produced, and\\nthe herds of cattle and droves of hogs that go to feed the hungry\\nmultitudes of our large cities, and then remember that twenty-five years\\nago all of this was unknown that croaking frogs and creeping serpents\\noccupied these rich fields, the progress of a quarter century provokes\\nour wonder as well as challenges our admiration.\\nRELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.\\nLike all other branches of society s interests, the items of interest in\\nOakwood, of a religious character, are diversified and peculiar. Not\\nonly do we find the various denominations represented, but we have a\\ncomplicated history of almost every one. The various points of settle-\\nment and their peculiar relations make it almost impossible to give a\\ncorrect and intelligent account of the progress of religious interests in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0955.jp2"}, "956": {"fulltext": "842 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe township. If we are to judge of a people s piety by the number\\nof- ecclesiastical organizations which they maintain, then Oakwood\\nmight be accounted righteous. So far as we have been able to learn,\\nthere are nine regular places of holding religious services. There is a\\nprovoking indeliniteness in facts and traditions handed down from the\\norigin of things through the lips of generations. Taking into account\\nthe probabilities, we suppose that the first preaching in this coun-\\ntry was among the Indians by missionaries. And here we do not refer\\nto the original efforts in this direction by Marquette and his followers,\\nbut to more recent work. Near the old Oakwood farm the Indians\\nhad meetings quite regularly, until some time after the settlement of\\nthe pale-faces in their immediate vicinity. As a minister among the\\nwhite inhabitants the earliest was, probably, Mr. Richard Gideon, a\\nregular Predestinarian Baptist minister, who lived one and a half\\nmiles southwest of New Town. He came about 1826 or 1827, and held\\nmeetings occasionally in various parts of the country. But he soon\\nwent away, and whether he organized a band of followers we know not.\\nThere is a society of the same faith near where he lived, but its origin\\ndoes not date back to his day. The first organized society of which we\\nhave any positive information, was what was called, in a later day,\\nOld Bethel. This was a Methodist church, and stood one-half mile\\nsouth of New Town. The first preaching of this denomination was\\nby Revs. Risley, Fox and Colston. Before the building of the church\\nmeeting was held in private houses. Old Bethel was built about\\n1835 or 1836. It was one of the first houses of worship in the county.\\nIt was 30 x 40 feet, and cost about $500. It was erected by Ashley\\nSoutherland. Prominent members of this society at that time included\\nEli Helmick, Stephen Griffith, Mr. Haston, and many others. The\\nBethel Circuit included a vast scope of territory. People came from\\nremote points in order to get within a church. Twenty miles was not\\nconsidered a great distance to go in order to attend quarterly meeting.\\nThis first building answered the purposes of the society until 1873,\\nwhen a new house was erected at New Town. This is a large, com-\\nmodious and well-finished frame building. It was put up by Mr. Kirsh,\\nat a cost of $2,100. The society is a strong one, and keep a flourish-\\ning Sabbath-school in operation throughout the year. New Town is\\nthe head of a circuit and contains a parsonage for the pastor. Eli Hel-\\nmick has charge of the work, at present, as a supply. The circuit in-\\ncludes the societies at Pilot Chapel, Emberry, Finley and Bethel, with\\nothers where no buildings are erected. The society at Bethel, as well\\nas the circuit of which it is the head, represents the most influential\\nelements in the community in which they exist. In following up the", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0956.jp2"}, "957": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 843\\nhistory of Methodism in this township we shall find that nearly all of\\nthese societies are an outgrowth of the original one at Bethel. Pleas-\\nant Grove class is one of the most recent. It was organized at Pleas-\\nant Grove school-house in February, 1879. It began with forty mem-\\nbers, and although only a short distance from Bethel, the good people\\nthere propose building a house of worship. This society originated in\\na remarkable religious interest which manifested itself among a people\\nwho had hitherto been outside of church faith or creed. Forty new\\nmembers were formed into a society, and others withdrew their mem-\\nbership from elsewhere and put it in here. John Cook was made class\\nleader, and services are regularly held in the school-house. This soci-\\nety also keeps up a nourishing Sabbath-school. They have a large\\nattendance, and a manifest interest in the study of the scriptures. At\\nthe Brown school-house there was a class of Methodists organized\\nin 1873. Rev. Mr. Cline put this society in working order. A. J.\\nBennett is the class-leader. Preaching is held regularly. There is a\\nmembership at present of about thirty. They, too, keep up a Sabbath-\\nschool.\\nFinley Chapel was built as a union church, but under the super-\\nvision of the Christian (New Light) church. This was in the summer\\nof 1854. Zephaniah Wilkins was the principal man in having the\\nbuilding put up. James C. Osborne was the mechanic, and he had a\\nmechanic s lien on the property. When he failed to get his pay, he\\nsold the property to Enoch Kingsbury, of Danville. Mr. Kingsbury\\nsold to the trustees of the Methodist church. The Methodists came\\ninto possession of Finley in 1860. About this time the society was\\nfirst organized by Rev. John C. Long. Mr. Long was the first man\\nwho preached in the church. It had not been finished up until these\\nmen took hold of it. At the beginning there were about thirty mem-\\nbers. Prominent among these were: John Makemson, John M. Doran,\\nMartin R. Oakwood, George Cadle, Louis Anderson, L. G. Collett,\\nGeorge A. Fox, and the wives of most of these. William C. Harrison\\nwas another whose influence and money helped the good cause along.\\nHe gave the ground on which the church stands. John M. Doran was\\nthe first class-leader. George A. Fox has been class-leader for a num-\\nber of years. George A. Fox, W. H. Fox, Charles Hillman, E. C.\\nLay ton, Joseph Truax, are the trustees. The church cost the Method-\\nists altogether about $1,000. It is getting a little old now. The\\nintention is to build another before many years, and locate it in Oak-\\nwood Station. There are at present about one hundred and thirty\\nmembers. In the history of Finley there have been three extraordi-\\nnary revivals. The first was under the care of Rev. B. F. Hyde, in the", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0957.jp2"}, "958": {"fulltext": "844 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwinter of 1868. This was first in importance, though not in time.\\nOne hundred and thirty-five persons, mostly heads of families, united\\nwith the church at this place during a series of meetings. In 1876,\\nunder the administration of G. Louther, one hundred and thirty-three\\njoined. These were mostly young people. In 1866, under the efforts\\nof John 0. Long, there was quite a manifestation, and thirty united\\nwith the church. In the western end of the township this denomina-\\ntion did not flourish so early as in the east. The first to begin church\\norganization were the regular Predestinarian Baptists. The first\\nMethodist preaching in west of Stony Creek was probably by Eli\\nHelmick. John C. Long, while on the New Town circuit, held meet-\\nings in the school-house above Conkey Town. Revs. Bradshaw and\\nWallace preached here in the same place. A society was formed, and\\nworship kept up until the building of the church in Fithian. In 1859\\nthere was a society of Methodists formed at the Central school-house.\\nThe first preaching here was by Eli Helmick. Mr. Helmick preached\\nin nearly every neighborhood in the western part of the county. As\\nearly as 1830 he traveled over this country. He of course did not\\npreach on the prairie at that time. Joshua Worley preached at Cen-\\ntral school-house quite early. John E. Vinson did the first preaching\\nafter the organization of the society. The Central appointment has\\ncontinued ever since the first organization.\\nThe Regular Predestinarian Baptists, or, as they have been nick-\\nnamed by some, the Hard-Shell Baptists, were early occupants of the\\nreligious field here. They held the first meetings in the neighborhood\\nof Conkey Town. These were in a log school-house near the old Aaron\\nDalbey farm. Rhodes Smith was the principal man of influence in the\\nchurch. At that time he was keeping a small store on the east side of\\nStony Creek, on the State road. John Orr was the first Baptist preacher.\\nAt a later date Mr. Smith moved farther up the Creek, near Crab\\nApple Grove, and a society was formed and met at his house regular-\\nly. This was in 1858. The organizer and minister for some time was\\nElder John Orr. The members of this society, as it was first organized\\nat Mr. Smith s, were the following John Orr and wife, Rhodes Smith\\nand wife, Jesse Berk and wife, Thomas Cox and wife, James Smith,\\nWilliam Smith, Martin Orr and wife, Nancy Truax and Rebecca Truax.\\nAfter some time the meetings were held in the Gorman school-house.\\nThey continued in the school-house till the building of their church,\\none and one-half miles north of Oakwood Station. This was put up in\\nthe spring of 1876. It is 26x36 feet. It cost $800. The ministers\\nat the time of the building of the church were R. A. Rabourn and\\nStephen Cox. They still officiate in that capacity. This society has a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0958.jp2"}, "959": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 845\\nneat country church. It has a membership of forty-one. After the\\nfirst organization it grew till it had thirty members. Then it expe-\\nrienced a season of decline. At one time there were but nine belong-\\ning. It then took new life, began to prosper, and has continued with\\nthe result above mentioned.\\nThe Walker s Point Church of Missionary Baptists was established\\non Stony Creek about 1854. The first preachers were Carter and\\nBlankenship. The society contained at first the following members\\nMr. and Mrs. Harrison Stearns and one daughter, Seneca Stearns,\\nJoseph Jones and wife and two daughters and one son, Nancy Hart\\nand Nancy Deakin. Harrison Stearns and Joseph Jones were appoint-\\ned deacons at the first organization. The church edifice was erected in\\n1857. It is 36x45 feet, and cost $1,200. There is a membership of\\none hundred and five. F. P. Dalbey is clerk. Mr. Stearns is still dea-\\ncon. In addition to the regular services of the church, a Sabbath-school\\nis kept in good running order. This is the only society of this denom-\\nination that we have found in the township. It is in a prosperous con-\\ndition, so far as we learned. Its church building was the first in this\\npart of the township. It was the second in the township, so far as we\\ncan ascertain.\\nThat branch of the Christian church which has been called New\\nLights ever since the time of Stone, of Kentucky, manifested quite an\\nenterprising spirit in the early settlement of the west. Isaac Emly and\\nZephaniah Wilkins were the principal men in the first efforts here.\\nReligious services were held in the Conkey Town school-house, and a\\nsociety organized that continued seven or eight years. Mr. Emly did\\nthe preaching here. The Peytons and Elizabeth Cast were the most\\nimportant members of this society but for some reason, which we did\\nnot learn, the society failed to keep up an organization here. The\\nefforts of the same denomination in the Oakwood neighborhood have\\nalready been noticed. Stephen Griffith built a brick church and gave\\nit to these people conditionally. There was an organization at this\\nplace for some time, but Mr. Griffith finally took the building back,\\nand the place of meeting was changed to the Craig school-house.\\nServices were held here until 1862, when the organization was re-\\nmoved to Pilot township, where the reader will look for a contin-\\nuation of its history. In 1874 Rev. H. H. Gunn organized a society\\nof Christians New Lights at the Central school-house. He con-\\ntinued to preach there for two years, and then Rev. John Green\\nmoved into the neighborhood and took charge of the church. He is\\nthe present pastor. His church numbers forty members at this point.\\nRichard A. Friedrich is the clerk of the society. They seem in a pros-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0959.jp2"}, "960": {"fulltext": "846 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nperous condition, and though they have no church, they have one of\\nthe best school-houses in the township in which to hold their meetings.\\nThe Campbellite division of the Christian church began meetings\\nin the school -house north of Conkey Town a number of years ago.\\nWilliam P. Shockey was the minister. He organized a society here.\\nThomas Deakin and wife, William Fellows, and Cyrus RatclifF and\\nwife, were among the more prominent members. The organization\\nwas kept up for a half dozen of years, and then discontinued. The\\nnumber of religious organizations that sprung up in this vicinity is\\nremarkable. The Christians (Campbellites) organized a society at the\\nGorman school-house in 1869. The Rev. R. M. Martin was the first\\nto hold meetings at this point, but the organization was perfected by\\nRev. W. F. Yates, of Champaign county. Isaac Davis, James Rice\\nand wife, Marcus Davis and wife, Thomas Cox, William Dearth and\\nP. T. Hedges were the principal members at the organization. They\\nenrolled forty-two names at the beginning ten years ago. There are\\nabout sixty at present. At one time they reached nearly ninety mem-\\nbers. There are at present two elders and one deacon. P. T. Hedges\\nand James Rice are the former, while William H. Dearth fills the\\nposition of the latter. These have served in their respective positions\\nfrom the first organization of the society. Thomas Cox wss deacon\\nfrom the organization until the fall of 1878. The present pastor is\\nJohn C. Myers. A Sabbath-school of considerable interest is kept up\\nat this point. It will be seen that the people are not without oppor-\\ntunities of moral culture, and that a variety of persuasions offer a\\nnumber of creeds sufficient to meet the religious predilections of a\\nmuch diversified population.\\nEARLY INDUSTRIES.\\nFirst and foremost among things of this kind must be placed the\\nsalt-works. This enterprise called the first settlers to the county it\\nsupplied them with a necessity that was hard to obtain anywhere else\\nits importance was recognized by Indian and white, and by govern-\\nment as well. But as the work and its influence are discussed else-\\nwhere, it is unnecessary to dwell long upon it here. The one hun-\\ndred kettles in which salt was made were scattered over the country,\\nand occasionally one may still be seen.\\nIn point of time, the old water-mill on the Salt Fork came in next\\nafter the industry above mentioned. It was put up at a very early date\\nin 1826 it was in active operation it continued for a number of years.\\nAt that time people would come all the way from McLean county in\\norder to get their grinding done. The mill stood out in the middle of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0960.jp2"}, "961": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 847\\nthe stream just north of the present mill it was built of logs, and ran,\\nas all other mills did at that time, by water-power. It was succeeded\\nin about the year 1837 by a mill put up by Aaron Dalbey for Mr. John\\nShepherd, who came to Illinois from Ohio in 1836. Mr. Shepherd put\\n$3,000 in this mill, and then died before he could realize anything from\\nhis expenditures. The mill then fell into the hands of Aaron Dalbey,\\nand from his possession to Mr. Parris. Parris operated it awhile and\\nthen sold out to John Hay. In 1873 C. M. Berkley bought the mill\\nand has been running it since that time; the same building that Shep-\\nherd put up is now used it shows very evidently the marks of time\\nit was moved from the position that it first occupied to the bank of the\\ncreek this was only a short distance. It is 30 x 42|- feet it has both\\nwater and steam power. The supply of water is so constant that the\\nsteam is seldom used. The mill is situated just north of the south line\\nof Oakwood township.\\nThe first mill on Middle Fork is in dispute. It is frequently\\nimpossible to get two stories alike. One old settler tells us that\\nMr. Whitsill built the first mill on Middle Fork about 1832 or 33,\\nthat he operated it several years, and then it fell into the hands of the\\nMcGee family this was a grist-mill with a saw-mill added it finally\\nwent down on account of age. Another man, who has been in this\\ncountry more than fifty years, tells us that James Howell built the first\\nmill on Middle Fork that he operated it a short time and died, that\\nhis son did likewise that a Mr. Downing then took it, and next James\\nCunningham ran it till it went down. This was first a saw-mill, but it\\nfinally had a corn-cracker attached before it closed. About forty years\\nago James George built a grist-mill on the Middle Fork and operated\\nit eight or ten years he then sold to Mr. Watts. The last named ran\\nthe mill seven or eight years and sold to Phillips. Mr. Phillips then\\nsold to Abisha Sanders. Done Byerly rebuilt the mill and set it to\\ngoing with new energy, but it soon passed into the hands of Swift, of\\nDanville, who owns and runs it at the present time.\\nCOAL.\\nAside from the fertility of the soil, the most valuable natural endow-\\nment of Oakwood township is her coal. It is of good quality and very\\nabundant there have been such quantities taken from the banks that\\nthe farmers could almost get it for hauling away. For a number of\\nyears in the first opening up of the business, any who wished could dig\\nall the coal wanted and take it away free of charge. The first use\\nmade of this coal was probably by Mr. Yance in boiling salt-water;\\nhe began using coal about 1830. The first who mined and hauled coal", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0961.jp2"}, "962": {"fulltext": "848 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\naway to sell were Rice Co. they would haul with teams to Champaign\\nand adjoining counties. The first bank opened was about three miles\\nsoutheast of Oakwood Station. We find the following in the business\\nat present John Thomas, B. Coffeen, William Moore, McBroom\\nYerkis, Gr. L. Hiatt, L. Veach, Valentine Shock, Francis and Charles\\nMoore; these nearly all ship coal. The number of bushels annually\\ntaken out is immense the exact amount we have no means of ascer-\\ntaining, but the enterprise seems destined to increase in magnitude and\\nimportance until it will be second to no interest in the township.\\nEDUCATIONAL.\\nIn discussing the educational condition of affairs, we can find noth-\\ning new. It is the same old story that we have all heard our grand-\\nparents tell, of log school-houses, of smoking fire-place, where the\\nfull length of one side of the house was devoted to the purpose of\\nwarming the others, of stick-chimneys in many cases, of greased paper\\nfor glass, of an absent log for a window, of puncheon benches for seats,\\nwhere little fellows legs might hang over and go to sleep all they chose,\\nso that the eyes were on the book in short, of all the trials, tempta-\\ntions, hardships and vexations of pioneer pedagogy. As a remarkable\\ninstance of the elementary condition of the early schools, we were told\\nof a little incident in the school life of Michael Oakwood. At times\\nthey had had a good teacher in the Oakwood settlement, one who\\ncould go beyond the double rule of three. Young Mr. O. had pro-\\ngressed finely in his studies, as things were counted then, and as he\\nwas a young man, and still desirous of attaining more knowledge than\\nthe curriculum of the common school afforded, he was advised to begin\\nthis advanced course of culture by a study of English grammar. Such\\na course could be pursued only by the thoroughly ambitious and quali-\\nfied pupil. Mr. O. was fortunate enough to have a teacher who had\\nbeen through the labyrinth of English syntax, but said pedagogue\\nhad not yet learned our present habits of oral instruction. It was\\ntherefore necessary that a text-book be purchased. The free-hearted\\ndisciple of Pestalozzi of to-day would have loaned so ambitious a\\nstudent anything in his library, but the library of the teacher in this\\ncase contained no treatise on this abstruse science. The young man\\nwas advised to apply to the book venders of Danville. He did so, but\\nwithout success. He was told that English grammars were not used in\\nthe schools of Vermilion county, that they never before had any call\\nfor such an article, and that in the city he would find his search vain,\\nunless certain families of culture, lately from the east, should happen\\nto have the article, and would be kind enough to benefit him with a", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0962.jp2"}, "963": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 849\\nloan of the same. The search terminated as anticipated. Mr. O.\\nfound a Kirkham with the compendium gone. He used this until he\\nhad an opportunity of sending to Chicago, by Mr. Rankin, who took\\nup a drove of cattle, and brought back the necessary books. We were\\nfurther told of the ignorance of some of the early instructors in these\\nschools by a man who attended one of the first in the country. It\\nwas simply the inability to work through the fundamental principles\\nof arithmetic. Our informant said that he stalled his teacher in\\nlong division. Whether he worked out himself, or whether the teacher\\nfinally mastered the sum, or whether teacher and pupil remained\\non the elementary side of long division, we were not told, but certain\\nit is that much of the early teaching bore about the same relation to\\nour modern successful teaching that the old wooden mold-board plow\\nbore to the present riding plows. But why should not we expect the\\nsame relations This is an age of progress, and he who thinks he sees\\nsome great things in the good old times needs but go back to his\\nwooden mold-board plow, his reap-hook and his sled and in school\\nfacilities to the testament for a child s reader to a hook on geography\\nwithout any maps and to the days when none but men dare teach in\\nwinter, and dare not refuse to treat on holidays without the penalty of\\na ducking and a barred door against him.\\nThe first school building in the township was built about 1829 or\\n1830. It was of the usual pioneer pattern, and stood close to the pres-\\nent site of New Town. Squire Newel and a Mr. McGuinn taught in\\nthis house soon after it was built. This house continued in use for\\nsome time, but another was built on what has a long time been known\\nas the parsonage hill, just south of New Town. Another of the early\\nschool-houses was built on the State Road, near Stony Creek. At\\npresent the contrast is great between the building, their conveniences\\nand number as compared with the condition forty years ago. Large,\\ncommodious and well-furnished school-houses may be seen in almost\\nevery district. There is, generally, a good class of teachers, and the\\nprogress in school work is rapid and practical.\\nWAR AND POLITICAL RECORD.\\nIn the Indian war of 1832 Oakwood had its representatives. Ste-\\nphen Griffith, David Makemson and Samuel Makemson were in the\\nwar. At least, they went out as the threatenings of Indian invasion\\nbecame evident. The volunteers from this part of the state did not\\nreach the scene of. action in time to participate in the illustrious cam-\\npaign at Stillman, but they were on hand at a later period, ready to\\nenter the thickest of the fight. Mr. Crawford, from Indiana, went\\n54", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0963.jp2"}, "964": {"fulltext": "850 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nout with the company of Independents. He still lives, and resides in\\nthe western part of the township. He is the only man living in the\\ntownship now that was in the Black Hawk war. There were a num-\\nber in the Mexican war from this township, it is said; but they have\\neither moved away or died, as. we met no man who volunteered from\\nthis part of the county. In the war of 1861 Oakwood furnished her\\nfull proportion. Captain Levin Vinson led his company mostly from\\nthe east side of this township. All over the country we meet men\\nwho braved the cannons of a confederate foe. Here and there may be\\nfound a widow with a number of children whose father perished in\\nhis country s service. Among those who left a wife and children we\\nfound the following: George Boord, of Co. C, 125th Reg.; William\\nHart, 2d Lieut. Co. G, 125th, and Nathan C. Howard, Co. D, 135th\\nReg. Of Mr. J. H. Black s four sons that were in the army, two died,\\none in Jefferson City, Missouri, of typhoid fever, and another near\\nWashington, of the same disease. Thomas W. Smith, of Co. F, 26th\\nReg., was wounded in the second day s fight before Atlanta. He\\nwas taken to Chattanooga and interred in section F, grave 670, in the\\ngeneral hospital cemetery, on the 13th of September, 1864. In the\\ncemetery on the State Road several soldiers are buried. Two were\\nburied in one day at one time. Although their deeds were among the\\nbravest of warlike feats on record, others rest in their unknown graves\\nwith their praises sung only in the general patriotic anthems of the\\nnation. But the results of their labors are the same as though their\\nnames were inscribed on every tombstone in the land, and their deeds\\nin the mouths of all who enjoy the blessings of liberty, prosperity and\\nhappiness so dearly bought and bravely won by the nation s gallant\\nmen.\\nIn political matters, the township is pretty nearly evenly divided\\nbetween democrats and republicans. This has been the case for a few\\nyears only. Formerly, Oakwood stood republican by large majorities.\\nOn national and state questions they still hold the field, but in local\\nelections we find a few democrats in office. Although, as a general\\nrule, we find stalwart republicans in this part of the county, men\\nwhose opposition to democracy is as pronounced and vigorous as the\\nmost radical could desire, we do not find much bitterness nor party\\nstrife in local affairs.\\nRAILROADS AND .HIGHWAYS.\\nAs has been remarked elsewhere in these pages, the prairies of this\\ncountry were not occupied until a comparatively recent date, but noth-\\ning has contributed more largely to this result than the railroads. Oak-\\nwood is traversed its full length by the Indianapolis, Bloomington", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0964.jp2"}, "965": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 851\\nWestern railroad. This road enters the township from the east, near\\nthe southeast corner of section 8, town 19, range 12, and with the ex-\\nception of a short curve on the east side, follows the section line west\\nthrough to the county line. This is two miles north of the south line\\nof the township. The road was built in 1870 and 1871, and though\\nmany persons were cheated out of the pay for their work, it made lively\\ntimes for awhile. Previously there had been a few little places which\\nhad been striving to attain the dignity of town, so that when the\\nrailroad came much strife was manifested in securing the location of\\nstations. But the three, though small, furnish so many shipping points\\nfor the farmer, and tend to give a lively competition in this line of\\nbusiness. Much grain and stock are shipped by this road. It furnishes\\ndirect communication with Indianapolis, and will be the means of in-\\nducing a thorough cultivation of this wonderful farming land. To one\\nunacquainted with shipping figures, the amount already shipped from\\nthese small stations seems wonderful both of stock and grain.\\nThe oldest wagon-road in this township, or anywhere in the western\\npart of the county, is the old State Road, which dates back to pioneer\\ndays. It runs obliquely through the south part of the township, pass-\\ning out at the south side about two and one-half miles from the county\\nline. On this road the early settlements on the south and west side\\nof the township were made. It is still much traveled. There were\\nroads along the timber in various places at quite remote dates, but we\\nfound it impossible to trace their origin. At present nearly every sec-\\ntion line in the township is a laid-out road, while there are many that\\ndo not follow lines. The level character of the country makes it neces-\\nsary that these be either graded or drained. In some places we find\\nthoroughfares that must be well nigh impassable in rain} 7 weather, but\\ngenerally the roads are in good condition. This is more especially true\\nof those that lead east to Danville, and there are several.\\nORGANIZATION OF OAKWOOD.\\nAlthough the system of township organization was adopted in 1850,\\nOakwood, as a distinct township, dates its birth from a much more re-\\ncent period. What is now included within the limits of this township\\nlay formerly in Pilot, Vance and Catlin. On the 2d day of October,\\n1867, Geo. A. Fox, supervisor from Yance township, offered a resolu-\\ntion creating a new township from the territory of Yance, Catlin and\\nPilot, in accordance with the prayer of certain petitioners from said town-\\nships. At this time Mr. West was supervisor from Pilot and Mr.\\nChurch from Catlin. These gentlemen supported the motion, but the\\nsupervisors court concluded to delay action thereon until the March", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0965.jp2"}, "966": {"fulltext": "852 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsession of the next year, in order that all persons affected by the pro-\\nposed change, might have opportunity to approve or disapprove the\\nchange. Accordingly, on the 9th of March, 1868, the petition pre-\\nsented in the fall of 1867 was again taken up, and Mr. Fox urged the\\npassage of a resolution creating the new township. An effort was made\\nto postpone again the consideration of this resolution, but without suc-\\ncess. The prayer of the petitioners was then granted, whereupon the\\ntownship was declared created, and an election ordered for the purpose\\nof selecting township officers. This first election was held at the Stearns\\nschool-house on the 7th of April, 1868 Geo. A. Fox was elected su-\\npervisor; Henry Sallee, town clerk; J. A. Littler, assessor; J. A.\\nBrothers, collector; Joseph Truax, Levin Vinson, J. C. Jenkins, com-\\nmissioners of highways; Samuel Major and Thomas Makemson, con-\\nstables; Geo. A. Fox and J. H. West, Justices of the peace. The\\npresent officers are (elected on the 2d of April, 1879) Henry J. Oak-\\nwood, supervisor Henry Sallee, town clerk W. H. Noble, assessor\\nWilliam Craigmile, collector Joseph Mullins, commissioner of high-\\nways. Elected in 1878: James Hargan, commissioner of Highways.\\nElected in 1877 J. A. Littler and William P. Van Allen, justices of\\npeace J. K. Sowards and Charles N. Trimble.\\nThere are two precincts in Oakwood township, called first and sec-\\nond the line which separates them extends north and south between\\nsections 21 and 22, 16 and 15, 9 and 10, 4 and 3, T. 19, R. 13, and be-\\ntween sections 33 and 34, 28 and 27, T. 20, R. 13. Oakwood Station\\nis the point of voting for the first, and Fithian for the second.\\nVILLAGES.\\nOakwood can boast of the number, if not the size, of the hamlets with-\\nin its borders. If, in considering these places, we begin with that\\nwhich dates farthest back in the settlement of this country, the place\\naround which early legends cling with the dim uncertainty that char-\\nacterizes the history of a Thebes, a Cuzco, a Nineveh or a Jericho,\\nwe must turn our attention first to\\nNEW TOWN.\\nThis village was surveyed and laid out by Benjamin Coddington,\\nfrom the east half of the southeast quarter of section 25, T. 20, R. 13.\\nThe lots were made three rods wide and six rods long the alleys are\\none rod wide. Main street extends north and south four rods wide;\\nHigh street extends east and west, of the same width. The plat of the\\nvillage was filed on the 15th of June, 1838, and given under the hand\\nof Owen West, county surveyor, and filed with the probate justice on", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0966.jp2"}, "967": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 853\\nthe 27th of June, 1838. The first man to locate in the vicinity of this\\nplace was Stephen Griffith, whom we have referred to as coming to\\nthis neighborhood in about 1825 or 1826 but Mr. Griffith was not\\nconnected with the town. Mr. Coddington built the first dwelling.\\nWithin a year or two after the building of the first house in the village\\nHezekiah Miners built the second. About the same time Jonathan\\nHarris put up the first store he ran the business for a short time, and\\nthen they were a long time without any store. William Reed, the\\nearly sheriff of the county, built a residence here in 1837. A black-\\nsmith shop was set up about 1838 or 1839 this finally failed and the\\nsecond one was not started until 1857 or 1858. Thomas Henderson put\\nup a store in 1849. In the mean time a few families had gathered\\naround the spot, until at present there are nearly a score of buildings\\nin that vicinity. There is one blacksmith-shop, one wagon-shop, one\\nshoe-shop, one school-house, one church, one drug-store and postoffice,\\none general country store of dry-goods, clothing, groceries, etc. etc.,\\none M.D., and one parsonage where a minister may generally be found.\\nNew Town lies off the railroad, and thus experiences a disadvantage in\\ncompetition with its sister villages. The postoffice is kept by S. H.\\nOakwood. Its name is Pilot, and confusion is thus sometimes made\\nfrom the fact that Pilot township lies so close to the north and that\\nthere is a postoffice there, near Pilot Grove. At New Town there is\\nquite a flourishing lodge of\\na.f. A.M.\\nThis lodge was organized through the efforts, more particularly, of\\nTilton and Payne, merchants here. For a short time they worked\\nunder dispensation with the following persons Lonzo G. Payne, John\\nO Ferrall, T. J. George, Asbury Craig, A. J. Bennett, J. G. Kirsh,\\nJohn Cork, jr., A. S. Tevebaugh, G. F. Hilliary, James Osborne, A.\\nB. Tilton. Added to these were D. Makemson, A. McYicker, Sam-\\nuel Durham, J. H. Trimmell, S. H. Oakwood, C. W. Keeslar, C. Sum-\\nner, John P. Tevebaugh, Jesse Wilson, J. H. Van Allen, M. C. Davis,\\nSamuel Solomon, F. A. Collison, C. J. Martin and Jesse Doney for\\ncharter members. Catlin Lodge is looked upon as the mother of this.\\nThe charter is dated Chicago, October 7, 1 874. A. G. Payne was the\\nfirst master. Since that time Dr. O Ferrall and Thomas George have\\nacted in that capacity. In the summer of 1874, Tilton and Payne,\\nmerchants, built a new storehouse, and above they made a hall and\\nsold it to the lodge. This hall is 22 x 45 feet it is fixed up nicely,\\ncarpeted, and the rooms furnished with all the paraphernalia of a well-\\nequipped lodge of A.F. A.M. The society is out of debt and in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0967.jp2"}, "968": {"fulltext": "854 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ngood condition. They have a membership of about forty. The officers\\nat present are John O Ferrall, W.M. J. G. Kirsh, S.W. M. C. Da-\\nvis, J.W. John Swift, Secretary J. Y. Ludwig, S.D. A. S. Teve-\\nbaugh, Treasurer C. Sumner, Tyler.\\nCONKEY TOWN.\\nSome years ago there was quite a cluster of houses, and a lively\\nbusiness was done, at what was called Conkey Town. At present\\nit is difficult to find much of the place, but we can find where it was.\\nHere is an instance of the influence that a railroad has on a small\\ncountry village when it passes to one side a short distance. We have\\nno record of any survey, or any laying off into a town but O. M.\\nConkey came here about 1851, and operated a general country store.\\nHe came from Eugene, Indiana. A Mr. Denman set up a blacksmith-\\nshop, and Mr. Conkey got a post-office. Conkey sold out to Rowe\\nBeatty, and they sold to Mattocks Maters Brothers. These men\\nfinally closed out about the time that the I. B. W. came through.\\nThere was also another man, who kept a grocery, beer, etc.; but he,\\ntoo, closed out and moved away. The first ideas of trade in this part\\nof the country were entertained by Mr. Rhodes Smith. He began\\nbusiness on the State Road, just down close to Stony Creek, at quite\\nan early day. Why he quit we did not learn, but suppose that this\\nsuggested the idea of Conkey Town, as well as the fact of a successful\\nmill which had been operating from the earliest days. During the\\npalmiest days of this little village Dr. Wilkins was their physician.\\nHe has left the reputation of being a good practitioner, and an upright\\nman. But its days are over. The place reminds one of Goldsmith s\\nwords as he sings of the deserted village. W. R. Jones now owns the\\nsite of the village. He has a farm of two hundred acres here, and that\\nincludes the town.\\nMUNCIE.\\nThis little village is pleasantly situated on the I. B. W. R. R.,\\nabout fourteen miles west of Danville. It is just west of the timbers of\\nStony Creek, and has a very desirable location, so far as the natural\\nadvantages presented by the surface of the country are concerned. At\\nleast, this is as nearly the case as any location that could easily be\\nfound in this country, where every place needs draining. Muncie was\\nsurveyed by Alexander Bowman for Edward Corbley, from the south-\\neast corner of section 8, and southwest corner of section 9, T. 19, R.\\n13. Main street extends north from the corner of sections 8, 9, 16 and\\n17. This corner is marked by a stone 29^ links from the railroad\\ntrack. A plat of the village was filed with the recorder on the 7th of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0968.jp2"}, "969": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 855\\nSeptember, 1875. The streets extending north and south are named\\nMain, Walnut, Ross and Craig those extending east and west are\\nFowler, McCarty and Corbley. The first dwelling was erected by\\nElisha Henry. There are now a number of dwellings, one physician,\\none justice of the peace, one blacksmith-shop, and one firm selling\\ngoods and keeping a general country store. As yet, Muncie is without\\na school-house and church. The Baptist church is not far away, but\\nthe school-house is off quite a distance. There is considerable shipping\\ndone from this point.\\nThe station at Muncie was first opened in November, 1876. Will-\\niam Lynch was the first agent. The present incumbent is W. L.\\nSpicklemire.\\nA post-office was first established at Muncie on the 21st of February,\\n1876. Frank A. Hickman was the first postmaster, William Lynch,\\nthe second, and Sanford S. Dickson, the third and last.\\nFITHIAN.\\nThis is the most populous village within the limits of Oakwood\\ntownship. It is situated in the prairie, three and one-half miles east\\nof the county line, on the Indianapolis, Bloomington Western\\nrailroad. Its origin was simultaneous with this road through here.\\nAs Dr. Wra. Fithian owned vast acres of land in this part of the\\ncounty, it was to his interest to secure the location of a station upon\\nit. This he succeeded in doing, and, accordingly, Asa H. Guy sur-\\nveyed and laid out a village from the east half of the southwest quar-\\nter and the west half of the southeast quarter of section 7, and east\\nhalf of the northwest fourth and the west half of the northeast fourth\\nof section 18, in T. 19, R. 13. The plat was filed with the recorder on\\nthe 8th of April, 1870. The original plat was a perfect square, and\\ncontained eight full and eight fractional blocks, lying partly on each\\nside of the railroad. The streets extending north and south are\\nbeginning on the east side Jefferson, Main and Adams; those run-\\nning east and west are Clinton, South Sherman, North Sherman and\\nWashington.\\nBesides the original survey there was another on the north side\\nof this, surveyed by Alexander Bowman, county surveyor, on the 12th\\nof October, 1873. This is styled the Franklin Addition, and was laid\\noff for W. H. Smith and J. C. Black. It consisted of four blocks of\\ntwelve lots each. On the north of this they opened a street and named\\nit Franklin.\\nHenry Berkenbusch was the first to arrive at the new station. He\\nhad been keeping store about one mile north, but when the village had", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0969.jp2"}, "970": {"fulltext": "856 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbeen located he moved down to the road. He was the first to buy a\\nlot here, and the first to ship goods on the railroad. After a year,\\nhe took in, as partner, J. P. Nichols. They operated together until\\n1875, when Berkenbusch sold out to Nichols, who has been in the\\nmercantile business ever since. Burkenbusch opened his store here in\\nMarch, 1871. The next merchant was H. Penrod, who sold agricul-\\ntural implements. He was followed by F. M. Cannady, dry goods\\nand groceries. S. Solomon came next with a drug store. At more\\nrecent date came Frisch, Littler and Booker, and Graham Brothers,\\nwho still remain. The first physician in the village was Dr. Rice*\\nDr. Smith, of Muncie, was located here for some time.\\nFithian does quite a lively business for so small a place in the way\\nof shipping, both of grain and stock. It has one of the largest ware-\\nhouses, on the railroad, in this part of the country. But there are a\\nnumber of grain and hog buyers, and as much or more business is done\\noutside of the warehouse.\\nThe first postmaster was Henry Berkenbusch. The present incum-\\nbent is George W. Graham, who has held the office since 1872. The\\nschool-house was built in 1873. This building shows the effects of\\nconstant wear, but the Methodist church recently put up here is an\\nornament to the town. Although there are few church members here,\\nthis edifice speaks well for the community.\\nOAK WOOD STATION.\\nThis village was surveyed by the county surveyor, Asa H. Guy, on\\nthe 14th of April, 1870, for Clark E. Griggs, from the S.E. J and S.W.\\nof section 12, and the N.E. of section 13, in township 19, range 13.\\nIt is composed of thirteen fractional and seven complete blocks, and five\\nout-lots of various shapes and sizes. There are twelve blocks on the\\nnorth of the railroad and eight and the five out-lots on the south. The\\nfirst store began here was operated by Johnson Stewart. It burned\\ndown in 1871. Henry Dulin put up the next. He has remained here\\never since. He is the postmaster at present. Lonzo Campbell built a\\nwarehouse, and bought grain until his death. The property is now\\nowned by his heirs, but is not operated. A storm took off the roof,\\nleaving it in a dilapidated condition. This little village is like its\\nmost intimate neighbor, Muncie, in that it has neither school-house nor\\nchurch. But the school-house is not far away, and Finley chapel is\\nnear. There is some shipping done here, particularly of corn, cattle,\\nhogs and coal. The coal mines on the Salt Fork, which yield such an\\nabundance of fuel, have this station as their principal point of ship-\\nment.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0970.jp2"}, "971": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 857\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nJohn Makemson was born in Harrison county, Kentucky, on the\\n10th of February, 1809, and died in Bates county, Missouri, on the 15th\\nof March, 1878. He was a farmer all his life. He lived in Kentucky\\ntill he was twenty years old, and then came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois. His father was one of the revolutionary soldiers. He\\nstopped first north of Danville, but soon came to the east side of\\nOakwood township, and entered land here in 1829. Mr. Makemson\\nlived on the original home-place, now occupied by his son David,\\nfor forty-one years. He moved to Missouri in 1877, on account\\nof his health, and died there. He married Elizabeth Partlow, on the\\n9th of March, 1837. They had six children, but only two are living,\\na son and daughter. Mr. Makemson was a member of the Methodist\\nchurch for forty-four years. He was a good man, much loved and re-\\nspected by all who knew him. His widow still lives with the children.\\nStephen Cox, pastor of the Regular Predestinarian Baptist church,\\nin the east end of Oakwood township, came to this county in the fall\\nof 1829, with his father s family, from Kentucky. Stephen, with the\\nother members of the family, grew to years of maturity on the Middle\\nFork. He has lived in various parts of the neighborhood for fifty\\nyears. He has lived on the place that he now occupies, just north of\\nOakwood Station, since the spring of 1862.\\nJoseph V. Davis son of Joseph Davis, came to this county from\\nPickaway county, Ohio, with his father, in 1829. His father was a\\nwell-known early settler in the neighborhood of Catlin. Joseph V.\\nwas born in 1825, and died in November, 1852. He lived and died on\\nhis father s home-place. He married Cynthia McCorkle, on the 13th\\nof March, 1851. They had one child, Joseph S. Davis, who now lives\\nwith his mother, Mrs. Doran, northwest of Oakwood Station. The\\noriginal Davis was a man of large property. The children received\\ntheir due portion, and the grandson is well provided for. The same\\nyear that Mr. Davis died a brother and brother-in-law died. Each left\\na widow and one child, and all had been married but a short time.\\nSamuel Dalbey, a son of the early pioneer, Aaron Dalbey, was born\\nin Winchester, Indiana, on the 12th of October, 1829. He lived with\\nhis father there, and came to this county in 1831. His father had six\\nchildren and one yoke of oxen and nine dollars in money at that time,\\nbut the boys grew and prospered notwithstanding. Here Mr. Dalbey\\nremained on the old farm till grown. On the 28th of December, 1851,\\nhe married Sarah Watts. After his marriage Mr. Dalbey lived, in va-\\nrious parts of Oakwood township, in Indiana and Kansas, till the spring", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0971.jp2"}, "972": {"fulltext": "858 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof 1865, when he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land north of\\nMuncie, and has remained here ever since. Besides the prairie farm,\\nhe has some timber land. The former is one mile north of Muncie.\\nAaron Dalbey, deceased, was one of the earliest settlers on Stony\\nCreek. He was born in Pennsylvania on the 3d of July, 1801 He was of\\nEnglish descent. He remained in Pennsylvania some time was married\\nthere. He came to Ohio, and then to Indiana, where his wife died, and\\nhe married Nancy Wright. She died, and he was married to Henrietta\\nCatlin. Miss Catlin was living in Indiana at this time, June 27, 1837.\\nMr. Dalbey came to Stony Creek, and opened the third farm on the\\nwest side. He first stopped on the south side of Salt Fork in 1831,\\nand staid one season. He then built the house on the west of Stony\\nCreek, and opened the farm. It lies one and a half miles south of\\nMuncie, and is still occupied by his widow and her husband, John\\nMcFarland.\\nSimon A. Dickson, deceased, was born near Dallas in 1833. His\\nfather came to this county in 1824. Simon grew up on a farm, and\\nwas married to Elizabeth Catlin on the 12th of September, 1854. He\\nlived in the south part of the county at first, and then moved to three\\nmiles north of Fithian, and staid here about six years. He enlisted in\\nthe United States army in August, and left Danville with the 125th\\nPeg., in Capt. Fellows company. He was in the fight at Perryville.\\nHe took pneumonia, and died in hospital on the 2d of June, 1863, at\\nNashville, Tennessee. He was a good soldier. Resolutions of respect\\nand sj mpathy for the afflicted widow were sent by the company to\\nMrs. Dickson. He had four sons, who still live in this section of the\\ncountry.\\nThornton Hubbard. Among the early settlers, no one is better\\nknown in this community than Mr. Hubbard. He was born in Ross\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 20th of March, 1821. His father was Willis\\nHubbard. Mr. Hubbard has lived on a farm all his life. He came to\\nVermilion county with his father in 1833. They stopped on Henry\\nOakwood s farm. Here the father remained until his death, and the\\nson until he was twenty-one. Mr. Hubbard worked for Major Yance\\nat eight dollars per month, and earned money to enter the land where\\nhis new house now stands. He married, on the 6th of April, 1854,\\nNancy Dickson. She died on the 25th of January, 1859. They had\\ntwo children Lily and Willie. He then married Elizabeth Dickson.\\nThey had two chilciien: Olive and Charles. Mr. Hubbard was mar-\\nried to Sarah Hulick on the 25th of October, 1864. They have three\\nchildren Lulie, Mary and Willie. Mr. Hubbard owns three hundred\\nand seventy-seven acres of land, and has a large new house, built in 1877,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0972.jp2"}, "973": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 859\\nwhich cost about $3,000. Mr. Hulick, Mr. Hubbard s father-in-law,\\nwas one of the first settlers of Perrysville, Indiana. He was an under-\\ntaker and liveryman in Perrysville for a long time. He afterward\\nmoved to Illinois, and died in this state.\\nHenry J. Oakwood, the present supervisor from Oakwood town-\\nship, was born in Brown county, Ohio, on the 7th of March, 1819. He\\ncame to this county with his father, Henry Oakwood, in 1833. Po-\\nland, Norris and Oakwood were the first settlers in the neighborhood.\\nWhen Mr. Oakwood first came to the county he stopped on the south\\nside of Salt Fork, and then built on the north side in the spring of the\\nnext year. Henry J. grew to manhood on his father s farm, and began\\nfor himself by working around. He bought his first eighty acres of\\nland on the north side of his father s farm. It was low prairie, and\\nsome of the early settlers were sorry that he should take hold of such a\\nbad piece of property. But his land, when drained, proved to be a\\ngood investment. He taught school three years in his younger days,\\nbut now owns property enough to keep him employed looking after its\\ninterests. He has six hundred acres at present. He married Priscilla\\nSaylor on the 9th of April, 1850. They have eight children. Besides\\nsupervisor, which office he has held for some time, he has held various\\npositions of trust, but is chiefly known as a man of business, whose en-\\nergy and good sense keep things moving.\\nHenry Sallee is not only one of the oldest settlers, but he is one of\\nthe stanchest men of Oakwood township. Mr. Sallee was born in\\nBrown county, Ohio, on the 3d of June, 1810. He removed to Ken-\\ntucky at the age of five and one-half years, and stayed with his grand-\\nparents till they died. He came to this part of Vermilion county with\\nhis uncle, Michael Hickman, in 1834. He stopped on the south side\\nof Salt Fork until he married Matilda Oakwood, on the 8th of January,\\n1835. She was a daughter of Henry Oakwood. They had three\\nchildren, two of whom are still living near their father. Mr. Sallee\\nbought the place where he now lives and moved on it in the fall of\\n1837. He bought one hundred and sixty acres first and improved it,\\nand afterward added more till his premises now include three hundred\\nand fifteen acres. He was married a second time, in 1861, to Eliza-\\nbeth Jones, a daughter of William Jones, who settled quite early on\\nthe southeast of Danville. Mr. Sallee has been a member of the Cum-\\nberland Presbyterian church for thirty-five years, and an elder since\\n1850. He has been town clerk since the organization of the township,\\nand school treasurer of town 19, range 13, for thirty-one years.\\nFrancis M. Rankin resides on the old Young farm. His father,\\nMontgomery S. Rankin, was born in Kentucky on the 15th of Decern-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0973.jp2"}, "974": {"fulltext": "860 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nber, 1807; his mother, Matilda Blackburn, was born on the 4th of\\nMarch, 1808. Francis M. was born on the 29th of September, 1833,\\nnear Cynthia, Kentucky. The Rankins reached their home in this\\ncounty on the 14th of April, 1834. They lived sixty miles up the\\nLicking River, and two families joined, built a family boat, and came\\ndown the rivers and up the Wabash to Filson s Ferry. The family\\nlived east of Fairmount then four years at Homer. Mr. Rankin, sr.,\\nis dead, but his wife is still living. Francis M. stayed on the farm\\nwhich his father bought in 1845, till he was grown. He moved to\\nIroquois county and stayed three years, but has been in Vermilion\\ncounty nearly all his life. He bought the heirs claims and now owns\\nsix hundred and forty acres including the Young farm. He deals\\nlargely in stock, feeding from one hundred to two hundred head an-\\nnually. He was married to Elizabeth Young, daughter of William\\nYoung, on the 15th of October, 1865. She was born on the 30th of\\nMarch, 1842. They have six children Gertie is the oldest, then come\\nMontgomery S., Warren W., Francis M., Lyford M., Alta N.\\nThomas W. Deakin, deceased. The early settlers pass away, and\\ntheir places are filled by new and strange men. Their early struggles\\nmay be recorded in history, but the facts of a personal character are\\nremembered only by those whose interest can never flag in regard to\\nthe dear ones gone before. Mr. Deakin was one of Vermilion s early\\nsettlers one of her persevering pioneers. He was born in Warren\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 2d of August, 1811. His father died when the\\nson was quite young. He remained in Ohio on a farm until 1835,\\nwhen he came to this county with his brother John Q. His first stop-\\nping point was on the road from Danville to Champaign, on Salt Fork.\\nIn 1837 he married Miss Sarah E. Swearingen, who was then living at\\nHickory Grove, Champaign county. He remained on the same farm\\nuntil his death. At first he entered one hundred and sixty acres of\\nland, but afterward he began enlarging this territory, until he became\\nthe owner of a large property in this section of country. He was also\\na dealer in stock, trading to a considerable extent. He was a member\\nof the Christian church, and remained a firm believer in its doctrines\\nuntil his death.\\nWilliam Mead, a son of Nathaniel Mead, one of the oldest old set-\\ntlers in the western part of the county, was born in Hamilton county,\\nOhio, on the 24th of May, 1822. He remained in Ohio until 1835,\\nwhen he came with his father s family to Vermilion county. The\\nfamily stopped at Conkey Town when they first came. William after-\\nward went to New Town, and from there to Mr. Foster s place. He\\nmoved then to Crab Apple Grove, and next to one mile south of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0974.jp2"}, "975": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 861\\nFithian. He then came to the farm he now holds on State Koad,\\nsoutheast of Muncie. He has been here twenty-one years. A portion\\nof his place has been cleared of timber. He married Margaret Tanner\\non the 16th of November, 1843. She died, and he has married a\\nsecond time. His children live near him with the exception of one\\nson, who is teaching in Indiana. Mr. Mead has been industrious, and,\\nnotwithstanding the hard times, is independent and out of debt.\\nJohn McCarty was born on the 22d of August, 1809, in Virginia.\\nHis parents moved to Ohio when he was small. His father was a\\ncooper. Mr. McCarty was a farmer. He married Miriam Sewell in\\nClinton county, Ohio. They lived there on a farm about six years\\nand then came west. He came to Salt Fork in 1836. He staid there\\none year, and then came to where the widow now lives. They were\\nabout the first family in this part. Here Mr. McCarty lived until\\nhis death, on the 18th of September, 1877. He was school director\\nand a respected citizen in the community for a number of years. He\\nhad eleven children, but five only are living these are James S.,\\nGeorge, Alvin N. and two married daughters. Mrs. McCarty is one\\nof the few remaining persons who settled in this neighborhood when\\nthe prairies were yet undeveloped wastes, and Stony Creek had no\\ninhabitants but Indians.\\nJoseph L. Shepherd, farmer, is regarded as one of the most success-\\nful men on Stony Creek. He was born on the 21st of September,\\n1825, in Pickaway county, Ohio. His father came to Ohio at a very\\nearly date. Joseph L. was the youngest of the family. They came to\\nthis county in 1836. Mr. Shepherd put $3,000 into a mill on Salt\\nFork, but died before the mill began work. He owned four hundred\\nand eighty acres of land. Joseph L. grew up in the neighborhood,\\nand married Louisa Davis in January, 1849. Mr. Shepherd came to\\nthe farm where he now lives in 1849, and stopped at the grove at first.\\nHe has three children by his first wife. He married Elizabeth Mires\\nin 1861. They have had nine children, four of these are dead; three\\ndied at about the same time with diphtheria, in January, 1879. Mr.\\nShepherd owns three hundred and twenty-five acres of land at home\\nplace, eighty acres near Fairmount, and fifty-eight acres of timber\\nland. His frugality and economy have made him independent.\\nJ. C. Stearns, a son of Seneca Stearns, came to this county with the\\nfamily in 1836. He was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 5th of\\nAugust, 1835. He grew to manhood on the farm still occupied by his\\nfather. He worked at the carpenter s trade for five years. He was\\nmarried on the 4th of December, 1861, to Susan Snyder, of Mont-\\ngomery county, Indiana. They set up on the farm of Wm. McBroom.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0975.jp2"}, "976": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nAfter short residences in various places, he bought land on the State\\nRoad, southeast of Muncie, where he has continued to reside ever since.\\nHe now has one hundred and forty-five acres of good farming land.\\nHe has been here since 1866. Although comparatively a young man,\\nMr. Stearns can well remember the time when this country was yet in\\na state of almost uncivilized wildness.\\nJames H. West was born on the 15th of March, 1822. His father\\nwas Michael West, who was a native of Maryland, but afterward went\\nto Kentucky, and then to Clark county, Ohio. From Clark county,\\nOhio, the family came to Vermilion county, Illinois, in January, 1838.\\nThe elder Mr. West rented a farm of James Norris, one mile south of\\nOak wood station. James was brought up on his father s farm in Ohio,\\nand lived in the family in this county till grown. He then went to\\nOhio, and took part in the campaign of 1840. He came back to Illi-\\nnois, and went to New Orleans, and from there across to Havana, Cuba,\\nwith a load of produce, which he sold to the inhabitants at a good\\nprofit. He went to New Orleans a second time, and in 1844-5 was\\nengaged in driving beef cattle to New York city. In 1846 he went to\\nWisconsin, and from this date till 1850 dealt in horse and cattle trade\\nto Wisconsin. In 1849 Mr. West was married to Eliza V. McGee, of\\nthis county. He then lived two years in Champaign county. After\\nthis he moved to Middle Fork. He came to the place where he now\\nlives in 1867. Here he owns two hundred and forty acres of land. He\\nhas seven children living and three dead. Mr. West was elected super-\\nvisor in Pilot township in 1866, and served two terms; then elected\\njustice of the peace in Oakwood for two years; he then served as\\nsupervisor for Oakwood for four years. He has always held office of\\nsome kind. He has also been successful in business.\\nJohn M. Havard, farmer, is yet comparatively young, but he is an\\nold settler of Vermilion county. He was born in New York city, on\\nthe 31st of May, 1833. His father was from Wales. He was a farmer,\\nand came to this country on account of the opening it presented for\\nany who wished to make a living. Mr. Havard, jr., was brought up\\non a farm. His parents came to Ohio and stayed four years. They\\nthen came to this county, in January, 1838. He stopped on section 25,\\ntown 19 north, range 14 west. He had been out in 1834 and bought\\nland he came on foot. He stayed on this farm until his death, on the\\n9th of August, 1859. Mr. Havard, jr., stayed in this neighborhood till\\nhe was twenty years old. His father bought the William Parris place,\\nand the son and daughter came to it, where they kept together until\\na short time before her death, which occurred in May, 1872, from con-\\nsumption. Then Mr. Havard kept tenants, and bached for five", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0976.jp2"}, "977": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 868\\nyears. He married Sarah E. Richter on the 29th of September, 1870.\\nHe still lives in the house that William Parris moved from Salt Fork\\neight miles thirty-two years ago. Mr. Havard has eighty acres on\\nhis home place, and one hundred and sixty acres one half mile north.\\nHe has four children. He is proud of anything he may have done for\\nthe support of our country, believing that patriotism is one of the first\\nprinciples of a true manhood. He received his education in the log\\nschool-house, and although fourteen months is all the schooling he\\nreceived from the age of six to seventeen years, yet he is a man who\\ndelights in books and reading.\\nCapt. Levin Vinson is well known and much respected bj the peo-\\nple of Oakwood township, both on account of his honesty and integrity\\nas a man, and for the services he has rendered his country. He was\\nborn in Parke county, Indiana, on the 20th of February, 1829. He was\\nbrought up a farmer. He came to Vermilion with his father in 1840.\\nThey came to the same farm that the Captain now owns. Mr. Vinson\\nhas been a large land-holder, but sold off recently. He married Nao-\\nmia Ligget in September, 1850. He is a member of the A.F. A.M.\\nlodge at New Town. Mr. Vinson went out with the 125th Peg., as\\ncaptain of Co. I. He led the company till they started with Sherman\\nto the sea. His health failed, and he resigned in March, 1863. He\\ncame home and remained.\\nIsaac K. Cannon, Oakwood, farmer, is known as one of the neatest\\ncorn-producers of the township and of the county, so far as we have\\nlearned. He is an old man, but we found him plowing away in the\\nwarm weather, like a young man just beginning in life. Mr. Cannon\\nwas born in Delaware on the 15th of February, 1817. His father was a\\nfarmer, and the son staid there till he was twenty-six years old. He\\nthen came to Ross county, Ohio, and staid about two years on Deer\\nCreek. He came to New Town in 1845. He lived four years near\\nthis place, then about two miles west, four years, and then moved to a\\nlarge farm one and a half miles northwest. This belonged to Mr.\\nCampbell. He then moved to Mr. Craig s place, and staid twelve\\nyears; then to the place where he now lives. After staying here five\\nyears he tried keeping boarders in Fithian for thirteen months. From\\nFithian he went back to the farm, and still lives there. He bought\\none*hundred and sixty acres of land first, and then eighty. He now\\nowns one hundred and eighty-seven and a half acres, having given his\\nson a piece. Mr. Cannon married Eliza J. Brown on the 15th of\\nMarch, 1838. They have had eight children six are living, five sons\\nand one daughter.\\nWilliam Hart, Oakwood, deceased, was one of those brave men who", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0977.jp2"}, "978": {"fulltext": "864 11IST0KY OF VKKMll.lON COUNTY.\\nsacrificed their lives for the Bake o\\\\ their country. He was born in\\nCincinnati, Ohio, on the 20th oi February, L882, but his father soon\\nmoved to the country, and William was brought up on a farm, lie\\ncame toVermilion county with his parents in 1845. lie improved the\\nfarm where his mother still lives. In 18(52 he volunteered in the 125th\\n111. Inf., Co. Gr. He went out as a private, hut was soon appointed\\nsergeant, and afterward second lieutenant. lie was in the Perryville\\ntight, October 8, 1802, but took sick afterward, and died of bone ery-\\nsipelas in the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, on the 2d of April,\\nL863, His body was sent home by the captain, and interred in the\\ncemetery near the State Road on the south side of the township. Mr.\\nHart married Sarah E. Dougherty on the 18th of December, 1853.\\nThey lived on the home farm till after he went into the army. Since\\nthen Mrs. Hart has bought a small farm just north of Fithian, and\\nkept her children there. The youngest was born after the death of\\nhis father. Although sixteen long years have passed since the death\\nof the husband and father, his deeds still live, and his memory will\\never be cherished, not only by the family, but by all who honor patri-\\notism.\\nS. H. Oakwood was born in this county, in Blount township. He\\nis a grandson of the original Henry Oakwood. He was brought up on\\na farm. He began teaching at the age of twenty. He taught and\\nfarmed for live years, and then went into the drug business in New\\nTown in the spring of 1875. He has been postmaster since January\\nI. 1870. He was married in September, 1878, to Laura Bennett, of\\nGeorgetown, lie is a member of the New Town Lodge of A.F. A.\\nM., and also a R.A.M. of the Danville Chapter.\\nJohn R. Thompson now lives on the farm first settled by William\\nSmith in 1830. This is one of the oldest settled farms in southwest\\npart ot Oakwood township. Mr. Thompson was born in Washington\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 12th of April, 1830. He remained there\\ntill grown. He then came to the western part of Vermilion county.\\nHe came with a drove of sheep, and continued in the business for six\\nyears afterward. During this time he often took sheep to Chicago,\\nand herded them where the main part of the city is now located. He\\nwent to farming about 1857. He was on the Boswell farm two years,\\nand also two years on another east ot his present residence. He then\\nbought one hundred and sixty acres, and improved it, but sold again,\\nand bought two hundred acres in another place. This latter was\\nknown as the David Wright farm. He sold again, and bought six\\nhundred acres where he now lives. He has operated this since 1865.\\nHis family have been in Danville three years, but are now on the farm", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0978.jp2"}, "979": {"fulltext": "WILLIAM C. HARRISON", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0979.jp2"}, "980": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0980.jp2"}, "981": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 865\\nagain, with the exception of the eldest son, who graduated from the\\nDanville high school in the class of 79. Mr. Thompson was married\\non the 26th of November, 1856, to Elizabeth Wright, daughter of\\nDavid Wright. They have nine children.\\nStephen Brothers was born in Carroll county, Ohio, on the 25th of\\nSeptember. 1829. His father was a farmer, and brought up his son in\\nthe same calling. Mr. Brothers also followed blacksmithing. He came\\nto Vermilion in March, 1851. He came to Bloomfield, and then to\\nDanville, where he worked as a smith. He afterward went back to\\nOhio, and then to New York, but came back to Illinois. He has also\\nbeen in Nebraska four years. He married Mary Hall on the 14th of\\nMay, 1857. They have two sons. Mr. Brothers is a member of the\\nMethodist church, and was a class-leader in Nebraska. Mr. Brothers\\nwas in Co. I, under Capt. Vinson. He was second lieutenant. At the\\nbattle of Perryville he was knocked over by a shell, but not seriously\\nhurt. He resigned his commission in April, 1863.\\nGeorge A. Fox has been more closely identified with the local pol-\\nitics of Oakwood township than any man we have met. He was born\\nin Greene county, Pennsylvania, on the 28th of February, 1823. His\\nfather was a brick and stone mason. Mr. Fox was taught farming, and\\nremained in his native county till the 2d of May, 1853. He reached\\nthe neighborhood where he now lives, on the 9th of July, 1853. In\\n1854 he bought two hundred and forty acres of land where he now\\nlives. On the 9th of November he married Margaret Oakwood. She\\nwas the youngest daughter of Henry Oakwood. They have six chil-\\ndren living one is a graduate of the Danville Business College and\\nanother is teaching. Mr. Fox was elected J.P. in 1856, and served\\nin that capacity till 1870 he was supervisor for four years, 1866-\\n69 he was the first supervisor from this township. In Vance town-\\nship he was assessor and collector for three years, 1859-61. He has\\nbeen school director sixteen years was first elected in 1858. He\\nwas also school trustee for three years. In 1868 he got every vote\\nbut one for supervisor. He has been a member of the M. E. church\\nsince the 3d of January, 1851. He has been class-leader for a number\\nof years. He is steward and trustee at the present time for Finley\\nChapel.\\nRichard A. Friedrich, although not one of the oldest settlers of the\\ntownship, is one of the first inhabitants of the prairie where he now\\nlives, and is well known throughout the county. He was born in\\nSaxonj^, Germany, on the 15th of August, 1830. He was brought up\\non the Hartz Mountains. He went to school all the time he lived in\\nGermany. He came to New York on the 1st of December, 1848\\n55", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0981.jp2"}, "982": {"fulltext": "866 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwent to Prince William county, Virginia, and staid five years, coming\\nto Vermilion county on the 12th of June, 1853, and settling just be-\\nlow the Gorman school-house he entered a quarter-section there. He\\nmoved to where he now lives, three miles north of Fithian, in the\\nspring of 1867. He has been here ever since. He was married to\\nPermelia Allhands on the 6th of August, 1854. They have had ten\\nchildren. Mr. Friedrich owns eighty acres of land where he lives.\\nHe was collector in 1870, 71 and 72, and in 74 and 75 was assessor\\nand collector, and in 77 and 78 was supervisor. He has been school\\ntreasurer for this township for the last ten years.\\nGeorge Boord, deceased. They live. Although the individual life\\nhas lost its identity, its value can never be lost. The nation s life is\\nnot composed alone of those who live, but of the many sacred offer-\\nings that have been laid upon her altars. George Boord was born\\nin Warren county, Ohio, on the 27th of June, 1826. His father was a\\nbrick-mason and farmer. Mr. Boord was brought up on a farm. He\\nremained in Ohio six or seven years, and then came to near Covington,\\nIndiana. He came to where his widow now lives in 1854. He mar-\\nried, on the 9th of September, 1847, Sarah A. Bowling. She was a\\ndaughter of one of the earliest settlers of Covington. Mr. Boord en-\\ntered one hundred and sixty acres of land, but the widow has sold\\ntwenty of it since. Mr. Boord was a member of the 125th Reg., Co.\\nC; was with the regiment as they marched to Nashville. This broke\\nhis health he was transferred to the invalid corps and then to a camp\\nin southern Indiana. He then went to Camp Dennison and was sick\\nfor some time. Mrs. Boord got word that he was worse, and went to\\nsee him immediately. She reached Columbus, and out to Camp Chase,\\nthinking to find him, but he was dead and buried when she got there.\\nHe died on the 5th of November, 1863 his remains rest in the cem-\\netery at Columbus, where the names of many soldiers are inscribed on\\na suitable monument. There are four children living: Alpheus E.,\\nMartha A., Elijah J. and Ida May. Martha is married to Joseph\\nFisher. The other three are at home. Mr. Boord was a member of\\nthe Christian church fifteen years, and died firm in the faith and happy\\nin the hope of life to come.\\nJoseph Truax, Oakwood, farmer, was born in Muskingum county,\\nOhio, on the 25th of July, 1838. He came to this county in 1854; he\\nstopped first east of Pilot Grove. He married a daughter of Eli Hel-\\nmiek. He went into the army in the 125th he came out captain\\nhe was all through the thickest of the struggle. He now lives on his\\nfarm south of Oakwood Station. He is a member of the Methodist\\nEpiscopal church.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0982.jp2"}, "983": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 867\\nWilliam B. Dolph was born in Indiana on the 17th of September,\\n1853. He came to this county with his parents in 1854. His father\\nis a farmer, and W. B. was brought up on a farm till sixteen years old.\\nHe then attended school at the Champaign Commercial College. He\\nwas married in 1875 to Mary Corwin. They have two children. They\\nnow live in Oakwood Station.\\nSanford S. Dickson, merchant, was born in the south part of this\\ncounty, on the 22d of July, 1855. His father was Simon A. Dickson.\\nHe moved about with his father until the latter went into the army\\nthen the mother and children went to Indiana and staid three years.\\nThey again moved to the farm and Mrs. Dickson married Dr. Smith.\\nFrom the age of sixteen Mr. Dickson managed for himself. After two\\nyears he went into the store of J. Littler, at Fithian. J. A. Cowles\\nbought Littler out and Mr. D. became partner on the 1st of January,\\n1877, and then moved to Muncie. The firm is J. A. Cowles Co.\\nMr. D. was married on the 29th of January, 1879, to Frances O. Selby.\\nMr. D. is now the postmaster at Muncie.\\nJohn E. Thompson, farmer, was born in Clarke county, Ohio, on the\\n5th of March, 1824. His father was a farmer, and brought up his son\\nin the hardy culture of the soil. Mr. Thompson came to Edgar county\\nfirst, and then to Vermilion county, in 1856. He came at that time to\\nthe place where he now lives. He married Sarah E. Simpkins on the\\n7th of June, 1849. They have had six children, but four only are\\nliving, three sons and one daughter. The daughter married J. F.\\nFunk. One son went to Colorado. Mr. Thompson owns eighty acres\\nof land, and farms much more. He is a member of the Fithian Lodge\\nof I.O.O.F., and a man much respected in the community in which he\\nlives.\\nJames H. Black, farmer. We were directed to Mr. Black for the\\nfacts in regard to the early history of this country. It certainly was\\nfortunate, for few men are better acquainted with the early history than\\nhe. He was among the first to venture on these prairies, and has lived\\nto see their development in a marvelous way. Mr. Black was born in\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, on the 6th of January, 1814. His father\\nwas a farmer, and was born in the same county. His father came to\\nIndiana while that was yet a territory, to where Wayne county now\\nis. This was in 1814 or 1815. The family came to Warren county in\\n1822 or 1823. At that time they had to go south to mill about sixty\\nmiles. Mr. Black, jr., remained in this neighborhood till 1856. Then\\nhe came to where he now lives. He bought two hundred and forty\\nacres of land, and has lived here ever since. He was married in 1834\\nto Eliza Ann Odell, a native of New York. They had seven boys and", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0983.jp2"}, "984": {"fulltext": "868 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthree girls, only two sons and two daughters now living. Four of the\\nboys were in the army. Two of them died there. They also had a\\nson cruelly murdered in the state of Kansas by a man who got into\\ndifficulty with him in regard to some land. Mr. Black has divided up\\nhis land among his children, and kept only eighty acres for his home-\\nstead. John Black, father of James H., was born in Kentucky about\\n1785. He lived in Kentuclvy till he had four children, and then came\\nwest. After moving, as noted above, he came to Mound Prairie in\\n1822 or 1823. His was the third house there. The first on that prai-\\nrie was John A. Lewins, who had come in the spring of the same year.\\nThomas Cunningham had entered the land previously, and came on\\nwith his family soon after. Mr. Lewins family arrived, and then in\\nthe fall of the same year came Mr. Black. Mr. Black also maintains\\nthat the first man at Perrysville was Jacob Andrix. Soon afterward\\ncame George Hicks, who came in west of Perrysville. Mr. Andrix s\\nhouse was on the Indian trail from Fort Harrison to Tippecanoe.\\nJohn McFarland is known as one of the best farmers of Oakwood\\ntownship. His farm shows the hand of a careful manager, and his purse\\nfeels the weight of successful farming. Mr. McFarland was born in\\nBedford county, Pennsylvania, on the 25th of May, 1821. His father\\nmoved to Ohio while John was young. They lived in Marion and\\nBelmont counties. Mr. McFarland married Rachel S. Oxford in Perrys-\\nville, Indiana, in 1849. They had four children. Mrs. McFarland\\ndied, and he came to Illinois. In the spring of 1856 he married the\\nwidow of Aaron Dalbey. They have four children. Mr. McFarland\\nnow owns three hundred and twelve acres of land, including the orig-\\ninal farm of Aaron Dalbey.\\nAbraham Illk is a native of Germany. He was born in Wurtem-\\nberg on the 2d of February, 1835. His father was one of the princi-\\npal taxpayers of that country. Abraham went to school till fourteen\\nyears old, and then worked in his father s vineyard. He came to New\\nYork in 1853. He says that Illinois has the best reputation in Ger-\\nmany, so he came to Chicago. After working in several places he\\ncame east of Homer, and worked on the T. W. W. R. R., and lost\\nhis work. He came to the place where he now lives, and bought first\\nforty acres. Since he has added to his forty till it is one hundred and\\nninety-three acres. He was married to Catharine Ford in 1857. They\\nhave eight children. The eldest, Julia, is now teaching.\\nH. C. Wright, farmer, was born in this county. He owns one hun-\\ndred and twenty acres of land in the east end of Oakwood township.\\nHis father was one of the first in this neighborhood. Thomas N. was\\nthe father s name. He owned considerable land in here. He has been", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0984.jp2"}, "985": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 869\\ndead some years. H. C. lives with his mother, and they operate the\\nplace.\\nJohn G. Kirsh was born in Bavaria, Germany, on the 18th of Octo-\\nber, 1837. Like all German children, he attended school till fourteen\\nyears old. He left the Fatherland at the age of sixteen, and reached\\nNew York in August, 1853. He worked at Terre Haute and Indian-\\napolis in hotels. At Covington he learned the carpenter trade, lie\\ncame to Danville in 1857 and worked at his trade. In 1858 he married\\nEliza J. Kinney and came to the country. They had one child. He\\nthen went into the United States army, in Co. I, Capt. Vinson, 125th\\nInf. He was with the regiment in the fight at Perryville, on the 8th\\nof October. He was left, sick, at Bowling Green, Kentucky, but\\njoined the regiment at Nashville, in February, 1863. He was with the\\nregiment until after the battle of Mission Ridge, but was then detailed\\nto guard a Union man s property, first by Harman, and then by J. C.\\nDavis. He joined the regiment again near Atlanta, and went with it\\nto Savannah. When the army started to join Grant in the north, Mr.\\nKirsh was captured. He had gone out with a small foraging party,\\nand they were lost and then captured. The first night afterward he\\nand three others escaped, and traveled for some time, nearly reaching\\nthe command, but were re-captured and taken to Augusta, and then to\\nMacon, and afterward to Andersonville. Mr. Kirsh was in the terrible\\nprison three months. He more than substantiates all the terrible\\nstories we ever heard about the den. Mr. Kirsh, with others, was\\ntaken to Jacksonville and liberated at the close of the war. He was\\nreported dead at one time, but he finally reached Springfield, and was\\nmustered out. After the war Mr. Kirsh was married to Mrs. Arm-\\nstrong, whose husband was killed at the battle of Shiloh.\\nDr. Samuel T. Smith was born in Fayette county, Tennessee, on\\nthe 11th of December, 1818. His father was Nicholas Smith, a farmer,\\nand also an ordained elder in the Christian church. Dr. Smith is of Ger-\\nman descent. He moved to Wayne county, Ohio, with the family, in\\n1820. Here there were a vast number of the Smiths\u00e2\u0080\u0094 over four hun-\\ndred. The Doctor was raised on a farm. He moved to Williams\\ncounty in 1840, and remained there till 1850. He sold his farm and\\nwent to studying medicine in 1845, with Drs. Hall and Morrison. He\\nserved as justice of the peace at this time. He stayed here till 1850.\\nAt the breaking out of the California excitement he engaged with a\\ntrain from St. Louis, and went as physician in the Great April Line.\\nHere he learned much of cholera. He came back in 1852 to Ohio, and\\nnext year to Illinois. He practiced medicine in Grundy county four\\nyears, and then came to Vermilion, in 1858. He went into the 39th", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0985.jp2"}, "986": {"fulltext": "870 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n111. Reg. as physician was post surgeon at Mitchellville, Tennessee.\\nHis health failed and he came back to Conkey Town, and then to\\nFithian, in 1871. In 1877 he moved to Muncie, where he still remains.\\nIn 1866 he was married to the widow of Simon A. Dickson. They\\nhave three children. The Doctor has a large practice in this part of\\nthe county, and is well known in professional circles over the county\\nas a first-class M.D.\\nWilliam H. Noble, Fithian, farmer, was born in Butler county,\\nOhio. His father was a farmer. They came to Indiana and then to\\nIllinois in 1858. Mr. Noble bought land close to Fithian. He has\\nbeen on the place most of the time since, although he went to the rail-\\nroad when the new station started up. Mr. Noble has been an officer\\nin Oakwood for a long time. He is noted as an officer of wonderful\\nexecutive ability, accuracy in transacting business, and ability to please.\\nJames W. Barton was born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, on the\\n4th of August, 1845. James came to this county when thirteen years\\nold. He enlisted in the United States army at St. Joseph, Champaign\\ncounty, in the 51st Reg., 111. Yol. Inf., Co. B. They went to St. Louis\\nfirst, and then to Cumberland, Kentucky. They wintered at Nashville,\\nand were in the fight at Murfreesboro Then they went to Chatta-\\nnooga. Mr. Barton went into the hospital on the 4th of April, 1864.\\nHe was in hospital at various places, but recovered sufficiently to join\\nthe regiment again at Nashville but his health soon failed, and he was\\ndischarged on the 4th of December, 1864. He came back, and has\\nbeen in this county since. Exposure to the inclemency of the weather,\\nlong marching and the hardships of army life have broken his constitu-\\ntion, but he has been unable so far to get a pension.\\nW. J. Gohn, farmer, is a native of Ohio, being born in Wayne\\ncounty on the 23d of March, 1845. His father was a shoemaker by\\ntrade. He came to Illinois in 1862 from Indiana, where he had lived\\ntwo years. W. J. went to Indianapolis in 1864, and staid till January,\\n1870. He was dealing in agricultural implements. He came back in\\n1870, and went in the same business in Danville, in 1870-71. Since\\nthat time he has been on the farm. He was married to Hannah J.\\nCampbell on the 14th of September, 1871. She is a daughter of Joseph\\nCampbell, one of the earliest settlers of Newell township. They have\\ntwo children.\\nWilliam C. Harrison, deceased, was born in Indiana on the 25th of\\nMarch, 1837, near Ladoga. His father was a farmer, and an early\\nsettler in that county he is still living. Mr. Harrison came to Ver-\\nmilion county in the spring of 1862. He was married to Nancy\\nGraybill in Indiana. She was a native of that state. They settled", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0986.jp2"}, "987": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 871\\non a farm half a mile south of Oakwood Station. He bought fifty\\nacres first, and increased it to two hundred and seventy-two. Mr.\\nHarrison died on the 23d of February, 1879. He took a severe cold\\nand a sudden attack of lung fever. Mr. Harrison was an honorable\\nand upright citizen. He was a member of the republican central com-\\nmittee. He was prompt and reliable in business, and offered a life\\nworthy of emulation. He died without owing a cent except his doctor\\nbill. His children are: James H., John K., Kobert I., Charles B.,\\nSarah E., Thomas S., William Scott, Clark E. Two of the eight are\\ndead.\\nEzra J. Bantz is of English and German descent, his ancestor\\nbeing from Maryland and Kentucky. He was born in Preble county,\\nOhio, on the 12th of January, 1827. His father was a farmer, and\\ntaught his son the same business. When Mr. Bantz was seven years\\nold his father moved to Delaware county, Indiana. Mr. Bantz, sen.,\\ndied there, and the son began for himself. This was in 1848. Mr.\\nBantz came to Vermilion county in December, 1864, but moved his\\nfamily in 1865. In March, 1848, he enlisted in the U. S. army, in the\\n15th Inf., regulars, under Capt. Jones. He enlisted at Logansport,\\nIndiana. They went to Newport, Kentucky, and remained in the\\nbarracks there till ordered to New Orleans. But before the command\\nhad time to start, the city of Mexico had been taken, and the troops\\nnever went. Mr. Bantz has a medal, given him at Washington, D.C.,\\nwhich recognizes him as one of the veterans of the Mexican war. E. J.\\nBantz was married to Nancy Thorn burg on the 9th of November,\\n1848, in Indiana. They have five children two daughters and three\\nsons. When he first came Mr. Bantz bought one hundred and sixty\\nacres of land, but has increased it to four hundred and five.\\nWilliam Hill was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, on the 7th of\\nMarch, 1836. His father was a farmer, and brought his son up in the\\nsame vocation. Mr. Hill came to Vermilion county in 1864. He was\\nmarried on the 2d of October, 1856, to Corrilla Francis. They have\\nfive children. They first came to one and a half miles north of New\\nTown. They moved to their present residence in March, 1879.\\nJames Hargan, farmer, was born in Hardin county, Kentucky. His\\nfather was a farmer, who lived and died on the same place that he first\\noccupied after his marriage. James Hargan left Kentucky in the fall\\nof 1853, and went to Putnam county, Indiana. Mr. Hargan was born\\non the 6th of March, 1826. He was married on the 21st of February,\\n1856, to Catharine Grantham. They have seven children living. Ida\\nMay died in the spring of 1879. The two eldest boys are married;\\nthey entered the matrimonial state in the spring of 1879. Mr. Har-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0987.jp2"}, "988": {"fulltext": "872 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ngan came to Illinois in 1865, and came to the place where he now\\nlives at that time. He is a man who takes an interest in public wel-\\nfare, and is now one of the highway commissioners of this township.\\nHe takes interest in organization of societies, both church and other-\\nwise, and is himself a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.\\nIt is with pleasure we record the facts in regard to a man s history\\nwhose life presents a record of services rendered for the public good.\\nGeorge W. Graham was born in Monongalia county, Virginia, now\\nMarion county, West Virginia, on the 25th of October, 1835. His\\nfather s name was Ebenezer Graham. George W. was brought up on\\na farm, where he remained until his fourteenth year. The ten years\\nsucceeding this date found him in various parts of Marion and Wirt\\ncounties. At the expiration of this time he came to Henry county,\\nIndiana, where he remained nearly two years. When the spring of\\n1861 came it found him wending his way to his native state. The war\\ncloud was threatening, and he proposed to be on the scene of action.\\nHe entered the service immediately as a scout and guide, being em-\\nployed by Gen. George B. McClellan on the recommendation of Gov.\\nPierpoint. He continued in this service about three months, until\\nthe 7th of August, when he enlisted in the three years service of\\nthe Union army. He remained in the 6th Va. Inf. nine months\\nunder Capt. Maulsby. .The company was then transferred to the In-\\ndependent Battery Light Artillery. During 1862 they served in vari-\\nous parts of West Virginia, keeping the front line of the rebels back\\ntill they were sent into the valley, in the winter of 1862. The first\\nfight of importance in which they were engaged was at Martinsburg,\\non the 15th of June, 1863, where Capt. Maulsby was wounded and\\nMr. Graham took command. He led the battery from this time on.\\nThey were at Winchester on the 22d and 24th of July, and followed\\nthe illustrious Sheridan through his valley campaign. Mr. Graham s\\ncareer was marked with success from the beginning. As a scout and\\nguide, he rendered important service in directing the movements of\\nthe army, on account of his acquaintance with the country. When he\\nenlisted he entered as a private. He held all the noncommissioned\\noffices in the company, and then went through the commissions to the\\nhead of the list. He received his first commission in the spring of\\n1 862 was afterward first lieutenant, and then took command of the\\ncompany in June, 1863. He was mustered out at Harper s Ferry in\\nthe fall of 1864. He staid in Virginia about one year afterward, and\\nthen came to Vermilion county, Illinois, in summer of 1865. He first\\nstopped on Salt Fork, near old Major Vance s salt works, bought forty\\nacres of coal land, and worked a good part of the time in the coal busi-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0988.jp2"}, "989": {"fulltext": "OAKWOOD TOWNSHIP. 873\\nness. He came to Fithian in the spring of 1871 here he united with\\nhis brother, and formed the firm of Graham Brothers, and has con-\\ntinned in the mercantile business ever since. These gentlemen have\\nbeen quite successful in life, and by their industry have gained a con-\\nsiderable portion of this world s goods.\\nEnoch T. Graham, of the firm of Graham Brothers, is a native of\\nVirginia. He was born in Monongalia county on the 4th of May,\\n1820. His father, Ebenezer Graham, was a farmer, and brought up\\nhis children in that best of methods, the method that makes honest\\ntoil the base of future prospects. Enoch remained on the farm until\\nhe reached the years of maturity. After the death of his father he\\nbought out part of the heirs, and held the homestead. He held this\\nuntil the year 1862. Mr. Graham was established in mercantile busi-\\nness in Wirt county, Virginia, for some time. Before the beginning\\nof the war in 1861 he closed out, and, having sold out his interest in\\nthe homestead, came to Henry county, Indiana, in 1866. Here he\\nbought a farm, and remained two years. Then he bought eighty acres\\nof land in Champaign county, Illinois, and remained there two years.\\nFrom Champaign county he came to Vermilion, in 1871. He and his\\nbrother formed the partnership which still exists, and began business\\nimmediately in the village of Fithian. They keep a general stock of\\ndry goods, groceries, clothing, etc. Mr. Graham has never been\\npierced by Cupid s arrows, but remains a free, un trammeled man of\\nsingle blessedness. The season of his life which Mr. Graham regards\\nas most trying was from 1861 to 1863. He was a delegate from Wirt\\ncounty to the convention which met at Wheeling, on the 11th of June,\\n1861, to reorganize the government of Virginia. As will be remem-\\nbered, this convention appointed Pierpoint governor, and he went\\nahead with the restored government till the state of West Virginia\\nwas admitted to the Union. Mr. Graham was elected, on his return,\\nclerk of the circuit court, and held the office till 1863. These men\\nwere all declared traitors by the old government, and many of them\\nwere caught and sent to Libby prison. Mr. Graham had to fly to the\\nOhio River twice during his term of office, in order that raiding par-\\nties might not destroy the public documents in his possession.\\nL. R. Myers is a native of Pennsylvania, but was brought up on a\\nfarm in Ohio, where he moved when young. He came to Vermilion\\ncounty to the place where he is now living just north of Muncie. He\\nis operating the old Vance place, which belongs to the heir of Richard\\nFox. In 1869 he married Sarah E. Lowman, who was living in this\\ncounty at the time. They have six children.\\nAlthough Mr. G. W. Purnel is not one of the old settlers of Ver-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0989.jp2"}, "990": {"fulltext": "874 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmilion county, he is a native of the Wabash valley. He was born in\\nFountain county, Indiana, fifteen miles east of Covington, on the 13th\\nof February, 1834. His father was one of the earliest settlers of that\\npart of the country, and his mother is still living. She is eighty-four\\nyears old, and as lithe and active as many a young woman. She can\\nwalk a mile almost as quick as anyone, and is constantly engaged in\\nsome kind of work. Her husband cleared seventy acres of heavy\\ntimber in those early times, and she spun and wove the cloth for the\\nchildren s clothing. Mr. P urn el, jr., was brought up on the farm near\\nCovington. His father died in 1852. In 1854 he married Nancy\\nHenry. He came to his present residence, just south of Muncie, in\\n1871. He bought two hundred and fifty acres of land here, and has a\\nfine farm clear of encumbrances. He has four children.\\nThomas Firebaugh, Ogden, farmer, was born in Champaign county,\\nIllinois, on the 22d of August, 1845. His parents were early settlers\\nin that part of the state. Thomas came to Vermilion in 1872, and\\nsettled where he now lives. He was married in 1868 to Lucinda\\nHobick. He has five children. He bought eighty acres of land here\\nfrom Thomas Hannah in 1871. Mr. Firebaugh is a member of the\\nChristian church.\\nBLOUNT TOWNSHIP.\\nBlount township, which received its name from Mr. Blount, who\\nhad been an early settler in the town, but who had moved away before\\nhe became famous, lies in the exact center of the county, having two\\ntiers of townships north of it, two south of it, and Pilot to the west\\nand Newell to the east. It was formerly attached to and a portion of\\nthese two latter, for political purposes, but the two streams North Fork\\nand Middle Fork formed such barriers to the convenient interchange\\nof neighborly civilities and the transaction of official business, that in\\n1856 the supervisors erected that portion which lay between the two\\nstreams into a separate township, and called it Fremont, after the popu-\\nlar, dashing general, who that year was the republican candidate for\\npresident. This name did not prove entirely acceptable to the demo-\\ncratic element, which was a rank growth of that time, in this Messo-\\npotamia, and they decided on the present name. The lines which form\\nits eastern and western boundaries are very irregular, but follow, as\\nnear as straight lines and right angles can keep, within hailing distance\\nof a creek. It embraces all the southern half of town 21, range 12,\\ntwo half sections of town 21, range 11, three and one half sections of", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0990.jp2"}, "991": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 875\\ntown 21, range 13, all except nine sections of town 20, range 12, and a\\nnarrow strip of the west side of town 20, range 11, making, in all,\\nslightly more than a congressional township and a half. Its surface is\\nhigher in the middle and north, where the prairie lies, and was princi-\\npally covered in its southern half and along its eastern and western\\nboundaries with a stalwart growth of forest trees of oak, walnut,\\nmaples, and here and there a beech, which is, so far as the writer\\nknows, the most northerly appearance of this forest tree in this state.\\nThe timber line has been very materially increased since the earlier\\nsettlements by the protection which civilization has thrown around it.\\nWhere originally only a few scattering trees stood, like sentinels on an\\nadvanced picket, is now found a full growth of beautiful timber. A\\nfew farms have been made, of course, where timber originally grew,\\nbut an old resident says there is much more forest in the township now\\nthan when white men first came into it.\\nThe Indians were still here along the banks of the Middle Fork\\nwhen the early settlers came. For four or five years they were here\\nirregularly, remaining a part of the year near the famous spring, which\\nattracted their attention, on the present farm of Cyrus Crawford, on or\\nnear section 8 (20-13). They always appeared friendly, and did not\\nseem jealous of their new neighbors. Mrs. Hannah Fairchild, who\\nlived near them, says they often came to her home for such articles as\\nthey wanted, and seldom gave her any cause for alarm. At this time\\nthe Indians were not permanently located here, but spent a portion of\\ntheir time here, while getting ready to move across the Mississippi\\nRiver. They numbered fifteen hundred at that time.\\nSamuel Copeland was among the first to settle here, if not the very\\nfirst, in Blount township. He settled in a bay of the prairie, on section\\n14, and resides at the same place yet, within a few rods of the place\\nwhere he stuck stakes fifty-one years ago. He was led to settle here\\nbecause he thought it was healthy and would soon settle up. His wife\\nand four children accompanied him. He had hired a man to cut some\\nrails, and brought a load of plank with him. His first care was to get\\nsome place to live. He leaned the rails up against a tree, and put the\\nplanks down on the ground for a floor and bed, and went to hewing\\nlogs for his house. As soon as he could get the logs hewn he sent to\\nState Line for help to put them up. A house-raising was one of those\\noccasions which required the aid of the entire neighborhood, and in\\nhis case of another neighborhood, also, for he could not get men in his\\nown to put it up. It was thought to be no more than a duty which\\none owed to any new settler, to help him raise. No special invita-\\ntion was thought to be necessary. Notice was sent to make known", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0991.jp2"}, "992": {"fulltext": "876\\nHISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe fact that a house was to be raised, and everyone who got notice\\ndeemed it just as much his duty to go as to fodder his stock or cut\\nhis night s firewood. When Copeland got his logs ready he sent out\\nnotice, and men came on horseback six or eight miles to put them up.\\nThe first day it rained, and they had -to go back home without accom-\\nplishing the work, but the next day every man came back to finish the\\njob. Nobody thought of accepting pay for such acts. If a house was\\nto be moved, the habit was to turn out with their oxen and hitch to it and\\nmove it to the desired location. If a lunch was spread it was all right\\nand was enjoyed, but if not convenient, the men would go home after\\ntheir neighborly work was accomplished. He erected his first house\\nright across in front of where his present house stands. This house was\\nsold after he built his present residence, and moved to Blue Grass\\nGrove, and after that was moved to Buck Grove, and may be in Chi-\\ncago or Milwaukee by this time, if it kept on moving on the approach\\nof civilization. The early settlers came principally from Ohio, Indi-\\nA PIONEER CABIN.\\nana and Kentucky. When Copeland came here, in 1828, Ware Long\\nlived out east of him in the timber, and remained there until he died.\\nAmos Howard, Mr. Shokey and Mr. Priest lived in the southern part\\nof the township, each of whom had families. Ezekiel Knox lived about\\nthree miles south. He made a good farm, and left a family when he\\ndied. Several families soon settled around, on and near sections 26 and\\n35 (20-12), near the south line of the township. This was for a long\\ntime known as Howard s neighborhood.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0992.jp2"}, "993": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 877\\nThe first school-house built in town was the old log house one half\\nmile east of Mr. Copeland s house. The neighborhood built it in 1830.\\nIt was a considerable undertaking for the time, as there were few\\nto help, and voting taxes for schools and school-houses had not then\\nbeen invented. But these people rightly estimated that what they\\ndid in the way of improving their condition in a financial point of\\nview would be of little value to their children unless they could have\\nschooling. John Skinner was the first teacher. The earliest scholars\\nwere William, George and Perry Copeland, William Wright, Nancy\\nand Susan White, Mr. Fairchild s children, Mr. Louin s and Mr.\\nSwisher s. Three years later the settlement around Copeland s had\\nstretched out so far west that a frame school-house was erected on the\\nroad half a mile west of Mr. Copeland s house. In this new house, which\\nstill lacked all the modern improvements of swing-back seats and\\nlock-drawer desks, blackboards, etc. John. Higgins and John Stipp\\ntaught. At that time it did not cost, including books, to exceed three\\ndollars a term to school a child at present the amount is hardly less\\nthan four or five times that.\\nThe first preaching in the township was by the Rev. Mr. McKain,\\nin 1829, at John John s house, about three-fourths of a mile northeast\\nof Mr. Copeland s.\\nIn the first building of that city which is now the wonder of the\\nworld, immediately after the close of the Blackhawk war, about 1833,\\nquite a trade sprang up between it and this part of the country. Wheat\\nand oats were the principal products which the farmer had to exchange\\nfor what he wanted to buy. They used to go there with ox-teams,\\ncamping out every night on the road. Wheat would bring from fifty\\ncents to seventy-five cents, and at one time oats brought one dollar per\\nbushel. All the grain taken there was measured when sold, in the\\nhalf-bushel. Bags were the only granaries, and the elevating was\\ndone by throwing it on your shoulder and carrying it where it\\nwas wanted. Corn was too cheap to make it an ordinary item of mer-\\nchandise.\\nThe same year, 1828, the Fairchild family, a family which has, per-\\nhaps, exerted as wide an influence as any one in the township, came\\nhere to reside, and formed the nucleus of what was known as the Fair-\\nchild neighborhood, nearly two miles northwest of Mr. Copeland. It\\nconsisted of old Daniel Fairchild and his five sons: Timothy, Zenas,\\nOrman, Lyman and Daniel, and his daughter Mrs. Blevens. They\\nwere all married, and with their young families commenced in earnest\\nto make homes in the new country. The old gentleman was quite old,\\nnearly blind and helpless, and did not live long after coming here. All", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0993.jp2"}, "994": {"fulltext": "878 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe children are now dead, but the widows of three of them still live\\nhere with several of their children to recount the exciting circum-\\nstances of their early labors here, and hold the line between the pres-\\nent and the past.\\nOf this family, Rev. Daniel Fairchild was best known, and, perhaps,\\nwas most widely influential. He was converted at a camp-meeting,\\nnear Evansville, Indiana, when eighteen years old, and was almost\\nimmediately licensed to preach in the Methodist church. His license\\nwas annually renewed by authority of that church. In 1850 Bishop\\nHamline ordained him a deacon, and in 1859 Bishop Simpson ordained\\nhim elder. During the long years of his busy life here he was engaged in\\npreaching the gospel up and down through this part of the county, in\\nan acceptable manner to all classes of people. He did more to keep\\nalive the spirit of vital religion than almost any man in the vicinity,\\nand never tired of the good work which he was specially ordained and\\nselected to do. When he came here he was only able to enter forty\\nacres of land, and moved into a little log house with puncheon floor, on\\nthe edge of the prairie near where his brick residence stands. His\\nwife, who still survives him, enjoying the love of her large family of\\nchildren and grandchildren, was a poor orphan girl whom the kind\\nparents of Mr. Fairchild took when homeless. The third and fourth\\ngenerations of Daniel Fairchild, sr., now live in Blount, a shining ex-\\nample of the fulfillment of the promise. Everywhere a Fairchild, or\\nthe descendant of a Fairchild, is respected.\\nMr. and Mrs. Daniel Fairchild lived here on the place he first en-\\ntered, on section 4, bringing up their large family to honest industry.\\nFor twenty years the mother, with such help as her children could give\\nher, performed the glad duties which this swarm of little ones imposed\\non her; made the cloth which clothed them kept the minister s home\\nfor this neighborhood, and, in her husband s frequent absence on his\\nmissionan work, had imposed on her the double parental duties. She\\nand her sister-in-law, Mrs. Hannah, or Aunt Hannah, as she is better\\nknown, boarded the hands who made all the bricks for the church, as\\ntheir contribution to the work. Of fourteen children born, eleven\\ngrew up, and nine now live near her. Forty-eight grandchildren have\\nlearned to lisp her name.\\nMrs. Hannah Fairchild, the widow of Orman, lives just south of\\nwhere their brother Daniel long lived. They were married at Evans-\\nville, Indiana, when she was only sixteen, and came on the farm where\\nmost of the active years of her life have been spent, while the Indians\\nstill inhabited the grove near their home. They came to live in a lit-\\ntle log house without any chimney, and tried to make one which should", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0994.jp2"}, "995": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 879\\nserve the purpose out of mud and sticks, but the wind blew it down\\none stormy night, and they had to devise some better plan. They had\\nno money to enter land, and for fifteen months went without meat, so\\nthat they could turn their growing stock into money to pay for the\\nland they lived on. A little incident will show how neighborly these\\npeople were. Samuel Copeland was one of their nearest neighbors, a\\nmile or more away. He was well-to-do, and in that early time his\\nword was as good as a bond. A stranger who was looking for a good\\npiece of land to enter told Mr. Copeland that he believed he would\\nenter the tract that Orman Fairchild was on. Copeland told him if he\\ndid that, if he ever got out of fire he would not give him a brand at his\\nhouse. To refuse one a brand of fire before the days of friction matches\\nwas about as severe a punishment as one in a new country could\\ninflict. That Sammy Copeland would have kept his word to the claim-\\njumper no one who knows him would doubt. The first year their only\\nhorse died, and Mr. F. got hold of a yoke of steers which for two years\\nwas his only team to plow or to mill or church. Commencing married\\nlife so young, Mrs. F. found it necessary to work harder than many\\nwomen to make up the cloth and other articles necessary for comforta-\\nble living. Usually in those times the young women gave some years\\nto making up the wearing apparel necessary to commence housekeep-\\ning. She commenced the life of a pioneer at an age when she had had\\nlittle chance to prepare anything. Taking the flax from the ground\\nand the wool from the sheep s back, she pitched in, as she says, mak-\\ning the most of every minute to keep ahead of the new T recruits which\\nwere coming in rapid succession to fill up the Fairchild home. How\\ndid you women manage, asked the writer, to do the enormous\\namount of labor which was imposed on you, making all your cloth,\\nclothing, sugar, butter, cheese, soap, candles, coloring, rendering your\\nlard and tallow, taking care of your lambs, calves, etc., garden, and all\\nthe thousand and one things that devolved on you, and visit the sick\\nand those in need, with a baby to take care of most of the time? You\\nare perhaps aware that now-a-days the mother who raises two children\\nkeeps a hired girl, hires her own sewing done, buys her husband s and\\nsons clothes ready made, and keeps a horse and carriage to ride in,\\nthinks she is most worn out at forty. The answer was not long de-\\nlayed I have had thirteen children, and when my first was small I\\nhad two wheels, a large and a small one. I made a sling of my apron\\nto put him in, squaw-fashion, and hung him over my back, and kept\\nthe big wheel going. When he needed nourishment I took him on\\nmy lap and sat down to the small wheel. By this change of position\\nI was rested and the baby was cared for. Not only did I have all this", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0995.jp2"}, "996": {"fulltext": "880 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nto do, but for twenty-five years practiced the avocation of midwife all\\nthrough these woods. When I was kept from home on these errands\\nlonger than I thought my nursing child would permit, I used to send\\nthe anticipating father back to my house to bring me my baby. So we\\nlived, and now, at seventy-five, I do my own housework, cook, wash\\nand manage my farm. Seeing is believing, an old proverb says, and\\nyet there is one who, though he saw and believed, cannot yet under-\\nstand how the good mothers of the olden time escaped certain death\\nfrom overwork.\\nThey went to Paris for their grinding, until Mr. Treat built his\\nmill at Denmark, and after high water carried that away Alex. Bailey\\nbegan a mill, which Wyatt completed and used. They used to pound\\ncorn in a mortar with an iron wedge, for a month at a time. Once\\nthe good woman thought she was ruined. In moving from Edgar\\ncounty her sieve got torn up, and there was not one for sale anywhere\\nfor miles around. She was unhappy; but the Lord, or some one,\\ndropped a deer-skin in the road, and she had heard of a sieve being\\nmade out of a skin, and she went to work at it. She wet the skin and\\nrolled it up in wood ashes, until the hair came off, then soaked it, and\\nwhen partially dry, perforated it with a pegging awl. It answered the\\npurpose finely, and all the neighbors borrowed it. Snakes were the\\nchief causes of fear. At one time, just as she had finished getting\\nbreakfast; by her fireplace, she picked up her baby off the floor and\\ndropped down into her chair, when she saw a snake crawling out of\\nthe hollow fire-log. She called her husband to kill it, and, by the time\\nthat was done, another came out of the same cavity. At another time\\nshe saw one hanging down from the unlathed floor-timbers over her\\nbed before she had got out of bed in the morning, swinging .back and\\nforth, apparently hunting a good place to fall. The expedition with\\nwhich she gathered up her baby and disappeared from that immediate\\nvicinity is said to have been somewhat marvelous. Of the other Fair-\\nchilds who came here early, Zenas died at Bean Creek a few years ago,\\nLyman on the Middle Fork, and Timothy a few miles south of here,\\nwhere his widow still resides.\\nMorgan Rees, now one of the few earliest settlers left in the town-\\nship, came from Pennsylvania to Indiana with his father in 1818. His\\nfather, John Rees, died there, and Morgan came to this county in\\n1827, and has remained here ever since, though not all the while in\\nthis township. He lived at Butler s Point one year, and then entered\\nland, one hundred and sixty acres, in section 26 (21-13), just across\\nthe line west from that town. He remained there eight years. He\\nwent to the Black Hawk war in Capt. Thomas company. He helped", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0996.jp2"}, "997": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. gyj\\nlay out and bury the fourteen who had been killed by the Indians\\nfifteen miles above Ottawa on Indian Creek. They had been dead\\neight days, and had been shockingly mutilated and hacked to pieces.\\nHe moved into Blount township in 1836. At that time James Smalley,\\nWallace Sperry (who committed suicide near his house), William and\\nFreeman Smalley, Enoch Oxley, were all living within two miles of\\nHigginsville. Two miles farther on was the Fairchild neighborhood,\\nand some ways still east of that the Copeland neighborhood, where\\nSamuel Copeland, Mr. Johns, Truax, Humphrey, Cosat and others\\nlived. In the southern part of the town were the Howard and Luman\\nneighborhoods.\\nIn 1834 and 1835 a large number of people, probably twenty-five\\nfamilies, sold here and went to Wisconsin. The lead mines were just\\nbeginning to attract attention, and people rushed there as they do to\\nLeadville now, expecting to get rich in a little while. Among those\\nwho went there at that time was Mr. Blount, after whom the township\\nwas named, Mr. Wm. Lane, who still lives here at an advanced as:e.\\nOld John Snyder, grandfather of Barton Snyder, and his family, and\\nMessic and Magee, were then here.\\nAbout one-half of this township was then timber some of it has\\nbeen made into farms, and timber has grown up where before it was\\ncomparatively open. Hunting was the principal business followed.\\nThere was not in these parts much of such enterprise as we have since\\nseen. Sickness was terrible. Whole families would be down with\\nsickness at the same time. The ague, the milk sickness, and other\\ndiseases that were consequent upon early settlement, were so common\\nthat people were broken in spirit, and their energy was sapped. Bees\\nrode as constable in this county twenty-one years. He has had all the\\nexperiences of an early officer who had the tracks of horse-thieves to\\nfollow in times when the name horse-thief carried with it as much\\nopprobrium as abolitionist. He taught the first school in this part\\nof the town. It was in a little cabin just southeast of Higginsville\\nthat had been abandoned by its builder, and as no certificate was re-\\nquired and no rent to pay, he conceived the idea of putting the vacant\\ncabin to use for a seat of learning. He carried around a subscription-\\npaper and got enough subscribed, so that he thought he could live by\\nit, and opened a school. There were few who could teach it any better\\nthan he, and those few would not teach so cheap. There were no other\\nschools in the neighborhood to compare it to, and no big scholars who\\ncould stump the teacher in rule of three or grammar. So he\\nmade it go pretty well, and taught two quarters. As a wielder of the\\ngad and rule he had few equals, and no superiors, in the Higginsville of\\n56", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0997.jp2"}, "998": {"fulltext": "882 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthat day. The quarter s schooling was placed at two dollars and a half\\nper scholar. He had eighteen one quarter and twenty-two the other.\\nHe received about ten dollars per month and boarded himself. The\\nfurniture was primitive. The benches were made out of slabs and\\nrails, and he could hardly aiford a blackboard. He used the old United\\nStates Spelling-book, English Reader and Testament, and Pike s Arith-\\nmetic. Each scholar had a different book, and no one had a full .sup-\\nply. The scholars studied aloud, and the one who made the most\\nnoise was understood to be making the best progress. He never heard\\nof a schedule, thinks it would have been a decided improvement. The\\nroll of scholars, as far as he now remembers it, embraced John, Almeda\\nand Rachel Storms, Jennie and William Smalley, three children of Mr.\\nTruax, James, Freeman, Frank and Sabie Smalley, John Smalley s\\nchildren, Malinda Freeman, and John, David, Moses, Christopher and\\nThomas Loving. William Loving lived one mile and three-fourths\\neast of Higginsville, where his sons still reside. James Smalley be-\\ncame a minister, drawing his theological as well as his literary learning\\nno doubt from Rees.\\nThe ancient law required punishment by whipping for theft, and\\nthe whipping was sometimes pretty severe, too. Thomas Wyatt lived\\ndown near Decatur, and used to come up here and trade with the\\nIndians. Whisky was his legal tender, and he used to trade on the\\nbasis of one quart of whisky for a pony. He frequently got hold of a\\ndozen ponies in this way, or by stealing them outright, and would then\\nrun them off and sell them. He buried a jug of whisky on the hillside\\nin Butts land, and expected to come back and turn it into ponies; but\\nbefore he got around to it he was run up into Indiana and caught,\\ntried, and convicted of horse-stealing. He was whipped, and died. A\\nman by the name of Griffiths was tried as his accomplice, because some\\nof the horses were found on his premises. Some years after this Rees\\nfound the jug of whisky which had been secreted, and that portion of\\nit which he sampled was pronounced a very superior article, rather\\nbetter, indeed, than the sour mash or benzine of the present day.\\nMr. Oxley, about the year 1832, made a tannery east of Higgins-\\nville. He had about eighteen vats, using the oak bark, which was very\\nplenty on the trees, but difficult to obtain. This may seem strange,\\nbut the reasons for it are plain. Bark will peel only during the sum-\\nmer months, commencing about the time of corn-planting, and sticking\\nfast by about the middle of September. A sudden change in the\\ntemperature, such as occurs in September, will stop bark peeling in an\\nhour. The months of the year in which nature allows bark-peeling\\nwere the only ones that laboring men here had enough to do, and it", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0998.jp2"}, "999": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 883\\nwas an industrious man who could find time between corn-plowing and\\nharvest, or between harvest and threshing, to peel a few cords of bark.\\nTanners had in those times not sufficient capital to buy sections of tim-\\nber land, cut off the oak for the bark, and let the land go back. The\\nvast aggregations of capital which are now employed in tanning and\\nleather were then unknown so Mr. Oxley s speculation, while it did\\nnot cost him very much to inaugurate it, never was a great success, be-\\ncause he never was able to drive it very hard. He tanned all kinds of\\nhides, and found a market for his leather in every little shoe-shop in\\nthe country around. Rees carried it on for him a while. After him\\nJohn Hilliard had it three years, after which Mr. Oxley took charge of\\nit himself for a while, until 1845, when he sold out the whole concern,\\nwith other lands, to J. W. Goodwine, who came in here from Indiana,\\nlooking for good land where he could put in his time to good advantage,\\nand fatten his steers, as well as the next man who came.\\nIn 1836 Amando D. Higgins (a brother of Judge Van H. Higgins,\\nof Chicago), and Marcus C. Stearnes entered the east half of the north-\\nwest quarter of 36 (21-13), and bought sixteen acres off the south end\\nof the east quarter of the southwest quarter of section 25, to bring\\nthem out to the road, and laid it out in town lots, platting and record-\\ning it in January, 1837, and called it Yermilion Rapids. The plat\\nwas on both sides of the stream, and showed the river to be about\\nten rods wide, and large enough to float a steamer. The rapids\\nwere the main feature of this speculation, as no boat could pass up\\nstream any farther than here. Along the river front of this town,\\nboats could take on the products of the rich farming lands for miles\\naround, and discharge the merchandise brought from foreign climes in\\nrich profuseness. Direct communication would be kept up all the year\\nwith New Orleans, Rio, Cuba and Europe, except a couple of winter\\nmonths, when the people would be in constant anticipation of the\\nopening of spring, and the revival of business activity along her\\nwharves and in her great warehouses. The rapids, unless removed\\nby government authority and appropriation, must ever remain a bar to\\nextending navigation farther up stream, and this city could not help\\nbeing the grand mart of trade for a hundred miles around. The prin-\\ncipal streets running north and south to the river front were four\\nrods wide, and were named Parish, Higgins, Chicago and Main those\\nrunning east and west were three rods wide, and named Williams,\\nBuffalo, Bluff, Spring and La Port. A wide levee lay between these\\nstreets and the river, giving ample room for business. This town\\nwas beautifully platted, and was taken to New York city to find pur-\\nchasers. The younger ones of our readers can never fully realize (the", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_0999.jp2"}, "1000": {"fulltext": "884 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nolder ones, some of then], remember) the extent to which this species\\nof speculation was carried on just before the financial crash of 1837.\\nThe times were flush, business of all kinds was in the high tide of\\napparent prosperity money was plenty, the banks were liberal, rail-\\nroads were building all over the country; every river town was looked\\non as a bonanza which needed only to be well blowed to make it a\\nsource of untold wealth. Nobody knew what property was worth,\\nand the fictitious prices which specific speculation always puts on its\\nwares looked very reasonable upon water lots which were only waiting\\nthe dull toot of the steamboat on the one side, and the shrill whistle of\\nthe locomotive on the other, to give it life and real value. Such was\\nthe condition of things when A. D. Higgins took his plat to New\\nYork to sell lots to the Wall street speculators. He was a little too\\nlate, however, for the panic had struck the center of trade, and western\\nlots would hardly bring the price of the paper they were platted on.\\nHe never sold a lot. Morgan Rees now farms the land which Higgins\\nintended for a mart of trade. The writer of this waded across the\\nrapids of this paper city in May, 1879, without wetting his feet,\\nalthough there was water enough there to have wet his feet if he had\\nbeen shoeless. The property was sold to Parish, Metcalf and Ebenezer\\nHiggins, and came to be known as Higginsville. Amando had a store,\\nand commenced to build a mill half a mile west of where the Higgins-\\nville store now is, and Ebenezer finished it after it came into his pos-\\nsession, and ran it a few years, when the high water swept it away.\\nNaffer Smalley built a saw-mill three-fourths of a mile southeast\\nof H. in 1832. It did very good work and sawed up a good deal of\\nstuff, for hardwood lumber was in demand for fencing, building, furni-\\nture and other such purposes. A grist-mill was afterward added to it,\\nand did pretty good custom-work. It run till about 1860. Not a ves-\\ntige of it remains now.\\nHenry Harpaugh, who still pounds his anvil in the mansion which\\nElder Herron used to live in, came from Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1836,\\nand has been almost continually blacksmithing from that time to this,\\nmore than forty years, the oldest and probably the earliest blacksmith\\nin this part of the town. He built a shop right in the road east of\\nHigginsville, then built a house near by. For eighteen years he has\\nbeen using the old log house which was once the abode of Mr. Herron\\nportions of it are torn away. It has settled so, and the refuse from his\\nforge which he has thrown around the door have so raised the ground,\\nthat you could scarce get a horse inside of it. Of those who lived about\\nhere when he came, only Morgan Rees remains to tell the story of early\\nlife along this part of Middle Fork.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1000.jp2"}, "1001": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 885\\nCyrus Crawford settled the same year, 1836, southeast of him, on\\nthe Danville road, and still lives there. He has been a worthy and\\nrespected citizen for more than forty years, and still lives on the farm\\nwhich he entered. His eight children live around him, making his\\nsunset days pleasant in the enjoyment of their society and love. Mr.\\nElliott lived a half mile out on the prairie east of them, which was the\\nfarthest extent anyone had then tried. He is now dead, and his farm\\nis a part of the Goodwine land. In the same neighborhood, one mile\\neast, resided then Michael French, who afterward went to Indiana\\nCornelius and Abram Peterson, F. Smalley, Kobert Lockhart, Milton\\nAnderson and Munroe Rees. Goodwine became owner of all their\\nlands.\\nPeter Cosat came here in 1830 and commenced a farm on section\\n11, just west of Samuel Copeland, and lived there about thirty years.\\nHe died, and his family is scattered, one son living in Ross. His brother\\nDavid came in 1834, and took up land near him in the timber, and\\nlived there until 1849, when he sold to Mr. Gunn and went to Wis-\\nconsin, where his father-in-law had gone. The first tax he paid was\\nten cents that was when Thomas Short was collector and he suc-\\nceeded in paying all of it in silver without being sold out by the col-\\nlector. Mr. Cosat came back from Wisconsin a year later, and bought\\none hundred and twenty acres of B. M. Kirk, at five dollars per acre.\\nWhen he first came here he could ride anywhere through the timber\\nwithout encountering so much as an ox-goad, and it was not until the\\nfire had been kept out several years that the undergrowth began to fill\\nup the timber. He engaged in farming and raising cattle and horses.\\nHe still resides on the farm, but thinks he has nearly passed his work-\\ning days. Several of his children live near him. His son, John J., is\\na justice of the peace, and is an ordained elder of the Christian church.\\nWilliam White, now one of the oldest citizens in town, took up\\nland where he still resides, just east of Copeland s, about 1831. He\\nwas a man of excellent character; very decided in his religious convic-\\ntions. He raised quite a family of girls, several of whom now reside in\\nthe vicinity. He is now very old and feeble. His memory will long\\nbe held in just esteem by those who have long known him.\\nJohn Johns came here from Kentucky, having lived a while in In-\\ndiana, in 1829, and settled in the Copeland neighborhood. It was at\\nhis house that the first preaching was held. His brothers-in-law, Ben-\\njamin Stewart and John Mills, and his father-in-law, Mr. Humphrey,\\ncame on here to live a few years later. They were all excellent people\\nand much esteemed. Mr. Johns now lives in Danville. He remained\\nin Blount, farming, until 1852, when he removed to D. and engaged in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1001.jp2"}, "1002": {"fulltext": "886 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthe lime and plaster trade. He is the father of ten children, eight of\\nwhom live in Danville. Mr. Mills now lives in Fairmount.\\nJohn Ricard moved here from Ohio in 1835, took up land in sec-\\ntion 14, and owned some on the prairie farther north. He lived here\\nabout twenty-five years, and for sixteen years served as justice of the\\npeace. He was a prominent and influential man, and was instru-\\nmental in getting the township laid off; Alvin Gilbert succeeded in\\ngetting the name Fremont given to it. This stirred up every demo-\\ncratic drop in his veins, and he rebelled. He did not propose to stand\\nit. He would never permit his township to be named after the aboli-\\ntion candidate for president. His reasons for selecting Blount were\\nthat it was an uncommon name; that he was a good man and had early\\nsettled in the town, and was one of the earliest preachers living in it,\\nand was no abolitionist by several degrees.\\nOld Abram Blount came here to live in 1830, and took up land in\\nsection 28 (20-12) in the timber, where Elisha Grimes lives. He was\\na man of powerful frame, and loved hunting better than working on a\\nfarm. He had the best gun in town, weighing eighteen pounds. He\\nwas a preacher of the Christian church, a good neighbor and an excel-\\nlent citizen. He became dissatisfied with the country, however. He\\nhad lost seventeen horses, and thought their death was caused by milk-\\nsickness, and offered to sell out he sold to Mr. Snyder, and went\\naway. When the question of changing the name of the new township\\ncame up, Norris Young proposed the name of Blount. The people\\nremembering the jovial old man with kindly feelings, accepted the\\nname.\\nJ. B. Cline came from Kentucky in 1829, and settled on section 25.\\nHe made a good farm, and was a good citizen. He had nine children,\\nwho are all dead but Spencer, who lives still in the same log-house his\\nfather built. Mr. Cline died many years ago. His widow died within\\nthe year past at the age of eighty-four. Spencer, the only living child,\\nhas lived here fifty years. Of ten children five are living, three of\\nthem at home. Jacob Grimes came here in 1832. He rented awhile,\\nand then bought land in section 26. He now resides in Danville.\\n\u00c2\u00a5m, Cannady came from Kentucky in 1828, and made a home on\\nsection 35, where Joseph Creamer now lives. He died about ten years\\nago, and his family are either all dead or moved away. He was a good\\nman, kind hearted and true. During the time of the deep snow, and\\nat times of scarcity, he used to seek out families who were in want and\\ncarry corn meal to them when he had nothing better. After he got\\ntoo old to work, he spent his time whittling brush-brooms, to give to\\nthose whom he supposed stood in need of them.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1002.jp2"}, "1003": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 887\\nJoseph Dyserd came to Blount about 1830. He had a large family,\\nfour of whom yet live in this vicinity; one is the wife of George\\nPentecost, of Danville. Mr. Gillen, who came here about the same\\ntime, died soon. His son still lives here.\\nWm. Lane came in 1836, and took up land in section 22, where he\\nstill resides. He has been several times married, and has a large\\nfamily, the older ones of whom are scattered through the country and\\nelsewhere. One was the first wife of Judge McDowell, of Fairbury,\\nand another the wife of John Wapples, jr., now living in Livingston\\ncounty. Mr. Lane has been a successful farmer, raising and feeding\\nstock largely, and now, though past seventy, is strong and able to do\\nconsiderable work. He has always been a man of influence, and that\\ninfluence always for good.\\nThe Nebiker family, who were here early, went from here to Nau-\\nvoo, and joined the Mormons. So far as known, they were the only\\nrepresentatives of Blount who have openly espoused those doctrines.\\nI. R. Gritton came here from Kentucky in 1840, and bought land\\nof the estate of Abram Rees. Mr. Rees owned a farm on section 23,\\nand, while at work building a mill at Denmark, died. Mr. Gritton\\nhad a family of five children, only three of whom survive. One was\\nkilled a year since by Mr. Clem, in a difficulty growing out of the lease\\nof a piece of land. One of Mr. Gritton s first acts, after coming on to\\nhis farm, was the selection and planting of an excellent orchard, which,\\nowing to his good judgment and care, was for a long time a source of\\nincreased revenue. Gritton s orchard was known far and near as one\\nof the best in this neck of woods. He never has been a member of\\nany church, but his conversation shows that he has a true appreciation\\nof the results of a sincere religious life in a community like this. The\\nnow aged couple are saddened in their last days by the tragedy which\\ntook the life of a dear son.\\nIsaac Smith came from Ohio in 1838, and entered eighty acres in\\nsection 32 (21-12), and lived here until his death. His son, G. G.\\nSmith, who for many years has served the township as supervisor in so\\ncapable a manner as to indicate that he has a life lease of it, lives on\\nthe farm which his father made. While himself a member of the\\nimmortal Smith family, his children rejoice in lineal descent from the\\nhonored family of Fairchild.\\nThe Smalley family, the names of whom have frequently appeared\\nin these items as among the very first in the northwestern part of the\\ntown, exerted a very beneficial influence on society, as leaders in reli-\\ngious and educational affairs. The tone of the neighborhood, indeed\\nof the entire town, still feels the effects of their early earnest efforts.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1003.jp2"}, "1004": {"fulltext": "888 HISTOKT OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIn and around what is now called Higginsville, these old pioneers up-\\nheld the doctrines and practices of the Baptist believers, and organized\\nseveral churches in the vicinity. That another denomination seems to\\nhave supplanted the institutions which Mr. Smalley planted there, does\\nnot argue that the good he did was interred with his bones. Local\\nand altogether natural causes have given to the Methodists the territory\\nwhich he first occupied. Their methods, the shade of doctrine which\\nis made most prominent in the gospel as presented by their local\\npreachers, who, as a rule, were men of more spiritual than intellectual\\ngifts, rendered the Methodist church the most natural home for the\\nclass of people who redeemed this country from a wilderness. Many\\nwho had first, from location or from choice, attached themselves to the\\nBaptist church, found in the more frequent ministrations, the simplicity\\nand the earnestness of the itinerants and their assistants, and more than\\nall in the class-meeting, the particular spiritual food and practice they\\nso much needed. The good results of Freeman Smalley s labors are\\nyet seen everywhere. The old First Baptist church was formed at\\nMr. Smalley s house about 1834, as recorded in the history of Middle\\nFork. There was no house of sufficient size to accommodate those who\\ndesired to attend his preaching, and the people began to perfect\\nmeasures for a house of worship. In 1837 the church was built a few\\nrods west of where the store now stands at Higginsville. The entire\\nneighborhood turned out to help get up the meeting-house. Some\\nhewed timber, some drew it, some made the foundation, others the\\nshingles. Moses Jarrett, Levi Asher and D. S. Halbert were the car-\\npenters. The siding was made of black-walnut, quite common before\\nthe days of pine lumber; the floor they made of ash. The seats were\\nas nice and comfortable as could be made. The building was 24x36,\\nand was well considered a great undertaking. Like Nelson s crew,\\nevery man did his duty and performed his share of the work. The\\nbuilding stood there until it actually went to pieces from old age. Be-\\nsides Elder Smalley, Elder Bartlett Dowell Crede Herron (all one\\nman, reader), the Blankenships, and others, used to preach here. The\\nBaptists, under the same leader, organized a church in the southern\\npart of town, and built a house of worship in 1848, on land donated\\nfor that purpose by Mr. James Pentecast. Under the terms of his\\ndonation other Christian churches are to be permitted to use the build-\\ning when not wanted by the Baptists. The building is 30x40, and is\\na very neat and comfortable building. Elders Smalley, Dodson and\\nBlankenship preached here.\\nThe Christian church was organized by the pioneer preachers of\\nthat faith, about 1834. Samuel Swisher, Samuel Bloomfield and James", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1004.jp2"}, "1005": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. ,SS9\\nMagee were the first officers. Solomon McKinney, Dr. Hall, from\\nLebanon, Indiana, Mr. Blount and Mr. Mapes, early held services here\\naround from house to house\u00e2\u0080\u0094 usually at Mr. Swisher s and Mr. Peters\\nhouses. Jacob Swisher, Mr. McKinney and Mr. Sears, kept alive the\\npublic services, and were joyfully assisted by Mr. Win. Shockey until\\nhe fell from grace and adopted the doctrines of the soul sleepers,\\nafter which the orthodox members of this pioneer watch-tower of Zion\\nwould not listen to him.\\nThe church which stands just east of Mr. Copeland s was built in\\n1846. There were then about fifty members, and all took hold of the\\nwork in earnest, and very soon saw it completed. It is 36x46. Old\\nJames Magee, who had a saw-mill up in Middle Fork, sawed the lum-\\nber and gave the black- walnut boards for the seats as his part of the\\nwork. Mr. Hoskins had a lot of soft brick which he gave, and which\\nwere used to fill in between the joists to make the house warmer. A\\nfew years since, the house was remodeled and lathed and plastered.\\nElder Kawley Martin preached here once a month for fifteen years, and\\nheld protracted meetings. Since his time, John J. Cosat, Win. Yates, of\\nOgden, Oscar Gravat, Theodore Stipp and Mr. Myers have successively\\nacted as pastors or occasional supply. A Sunday-school has been main-\\ntained summers, under the successive superin tendency of David Cosat,\\nOscar Gravat, Wm. Hoskins and George Justice; Addison Justice is\\nthe present superintendent. It has always been a strong church, and\\nits work as a pioneer in religious things has been marked by grand\\nresults. It numbers about one hundred and forty members. J. J.\\nCosat, Samuel Cosat and Oscar Gravat, are elders; H. Swisher and\\nJoshua Chinoweth, deacons. It is called Union church.\\nThe first public religious services ever held within the bounds of\\nwhat is now Blount was held at the house of John Johns in 1S29,\\nunder the following circumstances, the facts of which were kindly\\nfurnished by Mr. Johns, still a hearty, strong man, living at Danville.\\nMr. Johns and his young wife, whose feeble life is now almost gone,\\ncame into this town to make their home in 1829. They had in their\\nformer home had the advantages of religious services, and felt the\\nneed of them here. In December of that year (and this is now the\\njubilee year) Mr. Johns accompanied Reuben Parti ow, of Middle Fork,\\nto Danville, to attend the preaching service of Eev. James McKain,\\nwho was the first traveling Methodist preacher in the county. He was\\nthen in charge of Eugene circuit, which embraced Perrysville, Dan-\\nville, Georgetown, Big Grove and intermediate points. After service\\nthey remained to the class-meeting, and made themselves and their\\nwants known to the preacher. They told him they had come to ask", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1005.jp2"}, "1006": {"fulltext": "890 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhi in to make appointments in their neighborhoods for the people, who\\nwere without religious teaching. Mr. McKain was a true pioneer.\\nHe had been engaged in mercantile business before commencing\\npreaching, and had sufficient means of his own, so that he was inde-\\npendent of salary. While he did not refuse what pay was tendered\\nhim, he never would talk with his people about compensation, and\\nseemed to prefer not to accept it. He was a very useful man, and\\nzealous of good works, of sufficient education to be acceptable to all.\\nHe sent an appointment to Mr. Johns house, and continued to fill the\\nappointment every four weeks as long as he was on this work. He\\nformed a class there, the first members of which were Mr. and Mrs.\\nJohns, Mr. and Mrs. Reuben Partlow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Wood,\\nNathaniel Blaze and wife, who lived up at Myersville, and Jesse Wood\\nand wife. Mr. Wood was first class-leader. Daniel Fairchild, who\\nhad been a Cumberland Presbyterian, and Mrs. Hannah Fairchild, who\\nhad been a Baptist, soon joined this class. For seven years, and until\\nMr. Humphrey came here, and built a larger house, the service was\\ncontinued at Mr. Johns after McKain, Mr. Risley, Mr. Harshey and\\nMr. Buck were the regular preachers. About 1839 the small frame\\nchurch was built, near Mr. Johns a half mile north and east of the\\nChristian church.\\nThe Fairchild church, usually called the Brick, was built in 1849.\\nThis was built under the supervision of Daniel Fairchild, but all the\\npeople in this part of the town gladly helped to get up their new\\nhouse. It was quite a step in advance to build a brick church here in\\nthe woods, when so many lived in log houses; but it was like Mr.\\nFairchild, who always was a leader, and aimed to keep a step in ad-\\nvance. It is 30 x 36 feet. A Sunday-school is maintained, of which\\nMilton Fairchild is the present superintendent.\\nTheLuman church was built in 1858. Mr. James Luman and John\\nWapples were interested in getting the work along. Old Peter Hast-\\nings, an itinerant preacher, whose life was entirely devoted to the\\nwork of preaching, used to hold services at Luman s house. He organ-\\nized the first class here, and it being several miles to any other house\\nof worship, he urged the building of Lebanon.\\nHIGGINSVILLE.\\nHigginsville consists of a store, a post-office, a doctor and a black-\\nsmith s shop. The name came very naturally from the Messrs. Higgins,\\none of whom engaged in the Vermilion Rapids speculation, near\\nhere, and the other being the owner of real estate. It was the center\\nfor a considerable population, and a post-office was needed. This was", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1006.jp2"}, "1007": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 891\\nestablished in 1851, and Win. Maqness was appointed postmaster. The\\noffice was kept in Mr. Harpangh s house. Eobert Foster was first mail-\\ncarrier. The mail was carried from Danville to New Town, and thence\\nhere twice a week. Mason Wright built a store and stocked it with\\ngoods. He afterward, with his brother, engaged in trade in Blue Grass\\nand Marysville. After Maquess death, James Newlan was appointed.\\nHe soon afterward went to Texas. J. W. Harris was appointed and\\nkept the office in connection with a small store two years. Alfred\\nMaquess then held it a few years, then Mason Wright, and after him\\nMarion Goodwine, then Charles Harpaugh, then Dr. Porter. John\\nSmalley is the present official. Dr. J. L. Hull came here and commenced\\nthe practice of medicine in 1860, and his uncle of the same name a year\\nlater. Dr. Wm. Porter commenced practice here in 1864, and contin-\\nues to practice. The store-building now occupied by Mr. Smalley\\nwas built in 1853. Robert Lamon was the carpenter who put up most\\nof the buildings in this vicinity. The fine brick residence now occu-\\npied by John Smalley was built about the same time by his father,\\nJames Smalley. It is one of the best residences in town. Mr. Smalley\\nnow carries on the mercantile business, keeping a full stock of goods\\nand is doing a very fair trade.\\nAbout 1840 Mr. E. Oxley laid out a place which he called Salem,\\nnear where the tannery was, one mile east of Higginsville. Elder\\nHerron kept a store there as early as 1837. Dr. J. B. Halloway lived\\nthere and practiced medicine, and then went to Myersville. Mr.\\nBright kept a blacksmith shop.\\nOTHER ITEMS.\\nIn 1859 Henry and Andrew Wood built a saw-mill and grist-mill\\non North Fork, near the northeast corner of the township. It was a\\ngood mill with two run of stones, and had sufficient water to run nearly\\nall the time. They did a good custom business and some merchant\\nwork.\\nAllen Anderson came here from Michigan in 1866, and put up a\\nsteam saw-mill on section 26 (20-12). He bought sixty acres of timber\\nland and cut it off for lumber. It was a splendid piece of timber.\\nThe mill ran here about eight years, and he then sold it to William\\nand John Lee, who moved it to section 36.\\nCharles Deamude put down a coal shaft in section 21, near the south-\\nwest corner of the town. It has not been a profitable undertaking,\\nthough a good quality of coal is raised, and a good home market is had\\nfor a limited amount.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1007.jp2"}, "1008": {"fulltext": "892 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe following is a list of all the officers who have been elected to\\ntownship office since the organization of the town in 1856:\\nDate. Supervisor. Town Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1857. George Y. Stipp Adam Albert David Clem Benjamin Hensley.\\n1858. Benjamin Fitzgerald Adam Albert David Clem .Joseph Stephens.\\n1859. Benjamin Fitzgerald Adam Albert David Clem Joseph Stephens.\\n1860. George Y. Stipp Adam Albert R. M. Hensley Joseph Stephens.\\n1861. A. B. B. Lewis Adam Albert R. M. Hensley David Clem.\\n1862. George W. Knight. Adam Albert R. M. Hensley David Clem.\\n1863. George Y. Stipp Adam Albert R. M. Hensley David Clem.\\n1864. George Y. Stipp Adam Albert John C. Yose Joseph Stephens.\\n1865. George Y. Stipp Adam Albert Benjamin Magness. J. H. Leonard.\\n1866. John C. Vose Adam Albert Joseph Stephens. .Daniel Fairchild.\\n1867. John Garrard Adam Albert John F. Pilkington. Joseph Stephens.\\n1868. Joseph Stephens Adam Albert John F. Pilkington. G. G. Smith.\\n1869. George G. Smith Joseph Stephens. W. R. Burk George W. Hoskins.\\n1870. George G. Smith Jacob Clem W. R. Burk George W. Hoskins.\\n1871. George G. Smith Jacob Clem Joseph Stephens .George W. Hoskins.\\n1872. George G. Smith Samuel C. Rickart. Edward Duncan .George W. Hoskins.\\n1873. George G. Smith Samuel C. Rickart Edward Duncan .George W. Hoskins.\\n1874. George G. Smith .John J. Cosat David Clem F. M. Clem.\\n1875. George G. Smith Adam Albert John J. Cosat F. M. Fairchild.\\n1876. George G. Smith Adam Albert John J. Cosat George W. Hoskins.\\n1877. George G. Smith Adam Albert John J. Cosat Wm. R. Firebaugh.\\n1878. George G. Smith Adam Albert John J. Cosat Wm. R. Firebaugh.\\n1879. George G. Smith .John J. Cosat Barton Snider Wm. R. Firebaugh.\\nThe justices of the peace have been John Rickart, George Y. Stipp,\\nJohn Gerrard, J. R. Thurman, Adam Albert, William Fairchild, Da-\\nvid Clem, J. J. Cosat, J. R. Downing.\\nThe township has no railroad. The Danville and Paxton road was\\nlaid ont and nearly graded, running very nearly through the center of\\nthe town in a northwestern direction, by J. C. Short, some six or eight\\nyears ago. When he failed, the enterprise stopped. He did not\\nreceive any local aid or township subscriptions, hence the town has no\\nrailroad or any other debt. The farmers are almost entirely free from\\nmortgage debt, and there seems no good reason why, in the light of\\npast experience, they should not continue so. There never has been\\nany strife or dissension among the people, and very little to mar the\\nfriendship among neighbors. From an early day the institutions of\\nreligion, the doctrines of temperance, sobriety and frugality have held\\nfull sway.\\nLEGENDARY.\\nOne of those singular things for which no satisfactory explanation\\nseems known, is the so-called twin farm on section 29 (21-12) in\\nthis town. Every family which has lived upon the farm thus far has\\nhad born to them a pair of twins, and, indeed, the first one had two.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1008.jp2"}, "1009": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 893\\nExplanations are in order, and many have been offered, and none\\nappear to entirely satisfy the investigators. It has been referred to the\\nboard of supervisors, who are popularly supposed to know everything,\\nand they appointed a committee, which is their usual custom. The\\ncommittee recommended that the matter be further tested by sending\\na bachelor to live on it, and thus tempt fate, as it were. Mr. Sperry\\nhas recently purchased it for his son, who, as yet, has no one to call\\na family save his own individual self, and the committee has leave to\\nsit during the year to await developments and report. While this\\nwaiting process is incubating, a newspaper reporter has interested him-\\nself in the question, and has given the benefit of his investigation,\\nwhich is strange, if true, and if true will cause future fathers to pause\\nbefore purchasing this particular piece or parcel of land. Way back in\\nthe early days, where facts and rumors blend their uncertain lines,\\nbefore whites sought to wrest the fertile valley of the Wabash from the\\ndusky owners of these fruitful hunting-grounds, a contest long and\\ndeadly was waged between two tribes which claimed this Messopota-\\nmia, this land between the two streams, and a great final battle\\nwas fought near Blue Grass. The two tribes had come to stay, and\\neach expecting to conquer, was accompanied by their women and chil-\\ndren, which were kept not far to the rear of where this deadly contest\\nwas waging all day, with uncertain and ever-shifting hopes. A young\\nbrave, named by his doting mother All-in-your-eye, was particularly\\nactive, and seemed almost inspired. His seemed a charmed life, and\\nmany an opposing warrior bit the dust in consequence of the deadly\\naim of his strongly-drawn bow. When asked why he fought so des-\\nperately he replied I fight not for Blue Grass. If every blade of\\ngrass on its wide expanse was a hollow tree, with a nest of coons in it,\\nI would not draw my bow for its possession. I fight for her, point-\\ning to a dusky maiden of comely form seated on a log far back in the\\nrear, beyond the reach of the flying arrows. He had hardly ceased\\nspeaking when he received a fatal shot which pierced his heart, and\\nhe died without a groan. His wife, for such she was, saw her warrior\\nhusband fall, and rushed forward to seize his body before his exulting\\nenemy could apply the scalping knife to his prostrate form. She car-\\nried his body miles away to the south, hoping to reach the spot where\\nthe two streams flow into one (the junction of the North and Middle\\nForks) to bury him where he could constantly hear the ripple of uniting\\nwaters, the Indian symbol for a happy married life. She had scarcely\\nmade half the distance when, overtaken by night, overcome with\\nfatigue, hunger and weeping, she lay herself down to rest. In the first\\ngray light of the morning she discovered that she was near the sod hut", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1009.jp2"}, "1010": {"fulltext": "894 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof a weird old priest of the opposing tribe, who had taken up his abode\\nthis far away from the strife of opposing arms that nothing might inter-\\nrupt his incantations, or break the spell of his communion with the\\nGreat Spirit. His great joy on seeing her with the corpse of her dead\\nwarrior was inexplicable to her until he made known to her that dur-\\ning his incantations it had been made known to him that when he saw\\ntwo persons with but a single soul, that moment peace should be es-\\ntablished between the warring tribes, and the ground upon which the\\nphenomenon was seen should be blessed through all time to come with\\ndouble productiveness. As if in verification of his vision, she gave\\nbirth to twin boys, which he wrapped in his own priestly blanket and\\nbore back to the scene of the late carnage. The boys were adopted by\\nthe two tribes, and named respectively Peace on Earth and Good\\nWill to Men. When they grew up they became the chiefs of the two\\ntribes.\\nJasper Atwood, Danville, farmer and blacksmith, was born in Ken-\\ntucky on the 18th of August, 1818. His father moved to Ohio when\\nhe was very small, and there remained fourteen years. During this\\ntime Jasper worked on a farm, and in 1827 came to this state, settling\\ntwelve miles northwest of Danville. He has been four times married:\\nfirst, to Eliza Guillin, in 1839. She was born in Indiana, and is now\\ndeceased. Mr. Atwood was then married, in 1842, to Lydia Watson,\\nwho is also deceased. His fourth marriage was toDelila Layton. Mr.\\nAtwood has frequently gone to Chicago with an ox-team hauling pro-\\nduce, and returned loaded with salt. He is an honest, hard-working\\nman, well respected in his community. He has done considerable in\\nthe way of doctoring, and has a recipe that is almost a specific for\\nchronic sore leg, never charging anything, however, for his services.\\nHe owns forty-eight acres of land, worth fifty dollars per acre.\\nSamuel Copeland, farmer, the subject of this sketch, and one of\\nthe old pioneers of Vermilion county, is the son of Samuel, sen.,\\nand Anna (Hays) Copeland. Samuel, sen., was born in Aramah, Ire-\\nland, about the year 1755, emigrated to the United States in 1770, and\\nbecame a soldier in the revolutionary war. About 1790 he married\\nMiss Anna Hays, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They became resi-\\ndents of Butler county, that state, where the subject of our sketch was\\nborn, on the 13th of August, 1801. In 1806 his parents became resi-\\ndents of the Texas Valley, Virginia, and from there they removed to\\nGallia county, Ohio. In this latter place the early life of Mr. Copeland\\nwas spent. As the country was new, he had but little chance of acquir-\\ning an education, there being nothing but the old subscription system,\\nand he being obliged to cross the Ohio River to attend these, which at", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1010.jp2"}, "1011": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 895\\nsome seasons of the year was impossible for him to do. While a resi-\\ndent of that county, on the 15th of February, 1820, he married Miss\\nElizabeth Ham, she being a native of Virginia. He remained a resi-\\ndent of Gallia county for eight years after marriage. Then, building\\na boat, he came down the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash, and then\\nup this to Perrysville, Indiana, this trip requiring six months time.\\nHis boat was loaded with salt. He remained at Perrysville long\\nenough to sell this, and then, buying plank enough to lay a floor, he\\nmoved to his present home, where he first built a house of rails,\\nand afterward a log-house. He was obliged to go from seven to ten\\nmiles to get men enough to help him raise the structure. He located\\nin Blount township when there was not a single residence of a white\\nman between his place and Chicago. He first entered the southeast\\nquarter of section 11, town 20, range 12. With this small beginning\\nhe, by industry and economy, has accumulated a fine property. He\\nhas already given to his children four hundred and eighty acres, and\\nhas four hundred acres remaining, besides some valuable city property.\\nThere were born to them eleven children, all of whom married and set-\\ntled in the vicinity of the old home. We have the authority from one\\nof the sons to say that to these there have been born sixty-six children\\nand twenty-three grandchildren. Mr. and Mrs. Copeland have lived\\nto a ripe old age, and both are still smart and active. They are mem-\\nbers of the Baptist church, which they joined about twenty years ago.\\nSurrounded by an abundance of property, children, grand and great-\\ngrandchildren, they are certainly living to enjoy the fruits of the labors\\nof their younger days.\\nLewis Swisher, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 35, was\\nborn in Guilford county, North Carolina, on the 31st of November,\\n1806. His father moved with him to Ohio when he was but twelve\\nyears of age, where he remained until the year 1827. He then moved\\nto this state in 1828, being among the first settlers of the county. He\\nsettled two miles north of Danville. The subject of this sketch left\\nthere on account of milk-sickness, of which disease he had a slight at-\\ntack, and settled where he now resides. Mr. Swisher was married on\\nthe 21st of January, 1830, to Elisabeth Starr, who was born in Ohio on\\nthe 14th of August, 1811. They have had by this marriage nine chil-\\ndren, eight living. Mr. Swisher had but very little property with which\\nto commence, but he has obtained a nice property consisting of one\\nhundred and ninety-five acres of well improved land, with good dwell-\\ning-house and other buildings.\\nGeorge Y. Stipp, Danville, farmer and local minister, section 22,\\nwas born in Warren, on the 13th of April, 1826. Until eighteen years", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1011.jp2"}, "1012": {"fulltext": "896 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof age he worked on the farm, having but ordinary educational advan-\\ntages. In 1830 he moved to Illinois with his parents, settling in New-\\nell township. Mr. Stipp has taught about twenty-five schools in his\\nlife-time. Mr. Stipp has been three times married first to Amer-\\nica A. Smith, on the 11th of November, 1847. She was born in this\\ncounty on the 21st of November, 1831, and died on the 21st of July,\\n1870. They had nine children by this marriage, six living Theodore\\nL., Isaac N., Anna J., Sarelda A., Daniel V. W. and Samuel. The\\nnames of the deceased are Mary, Georgey and an infant. Mr. Stipp\\nwas then married to Mary E. Hewes, on the 3d of February, 1871.\\nShe was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on the 27th of April, 1849,\\nand died on the 24th of February, 1875. One child was the result of\\nthis marriage. He was then married to Elisabeth H. Hursely, on the\\n14th of January, 1877. She was born in Ohio on the 18th of July,\\n1838. Mr. Stipp has held the office of justice of the peace in this town-,\\nship for seven years, and supervisor of township four terms. He is a\\nBaptist minister of considerable natural ability. He has been engaged in\\nseveral public debates on various theological questions, with other minis-\\nters one with W. P. Shocky, a very noted Universalist minister, and\\nanother with Prof. Clark Braden, of Cornell University, and with sev-\\neral others of less note.. He owns two hundred acres of land, worth\\n$30 per acre.\\nWilliam Potter, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 27, was\\nborn in the state of New York, on the 16th of August, 1817. He\\ncame to this state in 1830, settling in New Town. He was married on\\nthe 26th of July, 1847, to Hester Lane, who was born in Franklin\\ncounty, Ohio, in 1823. They have seven children by this marriage:\\nElijah, William H., Eliza J., John F., Mary E., Lincoln A. and Andrew\\nJ. Mr. Potter had but little property with which to start in life, his\\nfirst tax being only six cents; but he has by hard labor, economy and\\ngood management, acquired a property of four hundred acres of land.\\nHis taxes have since been as high as $250 a year. He went in an early\\nday to Chicago from Blount township on foot, carrying his clothes on\\nhis back, and there worked for seventy-five cents a day digging the\\ncellar for the first brick house ever built in Chicago. His father lived\\nto be eighty-eight years old and his mother ninety-three. Mr. Potter\\nis a republican, and does not belong to any church.\\nWilliam White, Danville, farmer, section 13, was born in Bedford\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 3d of September, 1796, and was raised\\na farmer, and this occupation he has followed through life, making it a\\ngood success. He had no property when he was married to Betsy\\nGuillin, in 1818, but by hard labor, economy and fair dealing, he has", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1012.jp2"}, "1013": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 897\\nacquired three hundred and thirty acres of good land, and about\\n$1,000 in money, which is on interest. And besides this he has given-\\nconsiderable to his children. Mrs. White was born in Ohio on the\\n12th of March, 1798. They are the parents often children, seven liv-\\ning. Mr. White has filled the office of justice of the peace. Though\\neighty-three years of age he has never in his life been so sick but what\\nhe was able to go about. He has been quite temperate in his habits.\\nMr. White frequently went to Chicago with team in an early day, haul-\\ning produce and returning with salt. He went there when there was\\nbut one house between where he now lives and Chicago. He has been\\na very industrious man, and is a man well respected in the community in\\nwhich he resides. He is a republican, and does not belong to any church.\\nJosiah Crawford, Danville, farmer, section 2, was born in Virginia\\non the 9th of July, 1811, and spent his early days on a farm. His\\nfather moved to Ohio in 1823, where the subject of this sketch was\\nmarried, in 1833, to Hannah Watkins, who was born in 1812, and who\\ndied in 1860. They had ten children by this marriage, five living:\\nSarah J., William, Hester A., Benjamin and Mary E. The deceased\\nwere Samuel, Almira, Lucinda, James and Minerva. Mr. Crawford was\\nthen married in 1860, to Minerva E. Firebaugh, who was born in Ohio.\\nThey have had by this marriage three children, two living Elizora A.\\nand Frank. The deceased was Josiah. Mr. Crawford has held the\\noffice of road commissioner. He frequently went to Chicago with a\\nteam and produce, and returned with salt. There was at this time only\\none house between his and Chicago. He had, when he married, but\\nseventy acres of land, but by industry and economy has accumulated a\\nnice property of four hundred acres of nice land. His father was in the\\nwar of 1812.\\nEli Fairchild, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 2, was born\\nin Yermilion county, Illinois, on the 11th of February, 1835, and is a\\nson of Daniel F. Fairchild, who came with his father to this county in\\n1829, and settled about seven miles northwest of Danville, where his\\nwidow still lives. The subject of this sketch was raised a farmer, which\\noccupation he still continues. He went to school some during the winter\\nmonths. Mr. Fairchild was married to Clarisa A. Dermarest, on the\\n6th of March, 1856, who was born in this county on the 10th of Octo-\\nber, 1836. They are the parents of ten children, nine living Alice J.,\\nRachel A., Ida L., Jessie M., Logan A., and Milton E. and Elizabeth\\nE., who are twins, and Eddy and Eva K., also twins. The deceased\\nwas John. Mr. Fairchild has held the office of school director nine\\nyears, and overseer of roads eight years. He is a radical republican and\\na Methodist.\\n57", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1013.jp2"}, "1014": {"fulltext": "898 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nWilliam Lane, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 22, was\\nborn in Guilford county, North Carolina, on the 6th of August, 1795.\\nHe had no property worth speaking of when he started in life, but he\\nhas had at one time fourteen hundred acres of splendid land, mostly in\\nthis county. He has divided it among his children, till he only has\\nfive hundred and ten acres. His father moved to Ohio in 1812. Mr.\\nLane came to this state in 1835, settling seven miles northwest of Dan-\\nville, only two miles from where he now resides. He has been five\\ntimes married first to Phceba Blanch, now deceased, and the second\\ntime to Mary Steel, also deceased; he afterward was united to Nancy\\nLacy, deceased, and then to Nancy Yager, also deceased his present\\nwife was Minerva Connell. He is the father, by the first marriage, of\\none child, now deceased by the second wife, two by the third mar-\\nriage, fifteen children, ten living, and by the fifth union, five children,\\nfour living, making Mr. Lane the father of twenty-three children. He\\nfrequently went to Chicago with team in an early day, traveling five\\nand six miles on ice. His father was all through the revolutionary\\nwar. Mr. Lane is a democrat and a Baptist.\\nEnoch Yansickle, Danville, farmer, section 35, was born in But-\\nler county, Ohio, on the 26th of April, 1814. He was married\\nto Nancy White (now deceased), on the 8th of October, 1837. She\\nwas born in Butler county, Ohio, on the 18th of June, 1819. They\\nwere the parents of ten children, six living: Robert, Andrew, who\\ndied in the army, Elisabeth, deceased, Sarah, Evart, William, killed by\\nlightning in 1862, Harriett, John, Enoch, and one infant, deceased.\\nMr. Yansickle had only forty acres when he married. He tried hard\\nfor years to open up a farm in the timber, but as long as he worked at\\nthat he gained but little. Finally he went on the prairie, where he\\nsoon prospered. He now owns two hundred and ninety-six acres of\\nland. He made a great many trips to Chicago with team in an early\\nday, hauling wheat, oats and produce, and returning with salt. Mr.\\nYansickle was in the Black Hawk war, and was one of the early set-\\ntlers of the county, helping to change it from a barren wilderness to its\\npresent prosperous condition.\\nJ. H. Cramer, Danville, farmer, section 20, was born in this county\\non the 30th of May, 1838, and was raised a farmer, and this occupation\\nhe has followed through life. He was married on the 9th of Novem-\\nber, 1860, to Nancy Carpenter, who was born in Indiana. They have\\nhad by this union eleven children, seven living: William S., John W.,\\nCharles, Mary, Andrew, Fred and Lillie. The deceased were Dora A.,\\nMargaret M., and two infants. Mr. Cramer had but little when he\\nwas married, but by industry, economy and hard labor he has acquired", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1014.jp2"}, "1015": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 899\\na nice property, consisting of one hundred and nineteen acres of fine\\nfarm land. He has held the office of school director two years, and\\nschool trustee two years. His parents were natives of Virginia. He\\nis a republican in politics.\\nE. P. Grimes, Danville, farmer, was born in Pike county, Ohio, on\\nthe 20th of August, 1822 was raised a farmer, and has followed that\\noccupation successfully through life. He came to this state in 1838,\\nsettling five miles northwest of Danville, where he remained until\\nwithin a few years. Mr. Grimes was married in this state, in 1852, to\\nElisabeth Cassia, who was born in 1835. They had by this union ten\\nchildren, eight living: John M., Elisha C, Alvin, Ella, Charlie, May\\nB., Austin and Edward. The deceased were Jacob and William H.\\nMr. Grimes has acquired a good property, consisting of three hundred\\nand four acres of good land. In an early day he has frequently gone\\nto Chicago with a team, loaded with apples, and came back with salt.\\nHis parents were natives of Pennsylvania. He is republican in politics.\\nGeorge G. Smith, Higginsville, farmer, section 33, owns three hun-\\ndred and fifty acres, worth $30 per acre, was born in Scioto county,\\nOhio, on the 31st of August, 1829, and was brought up on a farm. He\\nwent to school in winter and worked on farm in summer. He came\\nwith his father to this state in 1839, settling in this township ten miles\\nnorthwest of Danville. He was married on the 25th of March, 1852,\\nto Eliza A. Fairchild, who was born in this county on the 27th of No-\\nvember, 1833. He is the father of nine children: Elisabeth L., John\\nE., Elias D., Marshal M., Wesley C, Sarah, Eva J., Woodford G. and\\nJosiah O. Mr. Smith has held the office of collector one term, office\\nof supervisor of township ten years, which office he still holds. His\\ngrandfather on his father s side was in the war of 1812, and was in the\\nbattle at which Hull surrendered. His parents were natives of Vir-\\nginia. Mr. Smith has given entire satisfaction in the filling every\\noffice he has held. He is well respected by all who know him.\\nHarrison Fairchild, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 34,\\nwas born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 25th of December, 1840.\\nHis father, Daniel Fairchild, was a very noted Methodist minister, and\\nwas one of the pioneers of this county, coming here in 1829. Mr. Har-\\nrison Fairchild was married to Sarah E. Leanhorn on the 8th of March,\\n1865. She was born in this county on the 11th of September, 1845.\\nThey are the parents of seven children Daniel W., born on the 28th\\nof September, 1866; Lillie J., born on the 3d of January, 1869 Ettie\\nO., born on the 23d of July, 1870 Oscar H., born on the 2d of Jan-\\nuary, 1872 Joseph, born on the 13th of November, 1873 Myrtie,\\nborn on the 28th of August, 1875, and Roscoe S., born on the 12th of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1015.jp2"}, "1016": {"fulltext": "900 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMay, 1878. Mr. Fairchild enlisted in 1861 in the late war, with Co.\\nB, 25th 111. Inf. Vol., and served three years. He was in the battles of\\nPea Ridge, Perry ville (Ky.), Nolansville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge,\\nand was at the siege of Corinth. He received a slight wound in the\\narm, and another in the leg, and was mustered out at Springfield, Illi-\\nnois. He lost two brothers in the war. Mr. Fairchild fattens from\\ntwo to three car loads of cattle annually, and from seventy-five to one\\nhundred head of hogs. He has held the office of school director five\\nyears, and overseer of roads five years. He owns three hundred and\\nfifteen acres of land, worth $25 per acre. He is a republican, and in\\nreligion a Methodist.\\nNathaniel R. Fairchild, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, section 3\\nwas born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 15th of August, 1843.\\nHe has followed the occupation of a farmer through life. He attended\\nthe high-school at Danville for four years. Mr. Fairchild has been\\ntwice married first to Elisabeth Fitzgerald, on the 21st of April, 1869.\\nShe was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 8th of November,\\n1844, and died on the 19th of August, 1874. They had by this mar-\\nriage three children, two living Marshal C, born on the 26th of Jan-\\nuary, 1870, and Ada B., born on the 11th of September, 1871. The de-\\nceased was an infant. Mr. Fairchild was then married, on the 30th of\\nMarch, 1875, to Sarah Dore, who was born in Vermilion county in 1842.\\nThey have by this union two children Daniel J., born the 19th of\\nJanuary, 1876, and WesLey E., born on the 28th of July, 1878. The\\nfather of Mr. Fairchild, Daniel Fairchild, was one of the early settlers\\nof this county, having come here in 1829. He was a very noted min-\\nister of the Methodist church. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nJohn J. Cosat, Danville, minister of the gospel, section 13, was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 13th of March, 1844, and\\nspent his boyhood days on a farm. He had but little opportunity for\\nacquiring an early education, but by close study at home he suc-\\nceeded in acquiring a sufficient education to enable him to teach school,\\nwhich he continued for thirteen years. He commenced preparing for\\nthe ministry at the age of twenty-five. He was ordained in the Chris-\\ntian church in 1873, and has charge of two churches. He is also elder\\nin the church. He was married on the 11th of July, 1869, to Emma\\nCline, who was born in Vermilion county, this state, on the 30th of\\nSeptember, 1851. They have six children, three living: Ernest H.,\\nborn on the 15th of May, 1870 Pleasant, born on the 5th of May,\\n1872, died May 8th, 1872 Theodore W., born on the 30th of Septem-\\nber, 1873 John D., born on the 25th of October, 1875, died on the\\n14th of November, 1876 Lafayette, born on the 26th of August, 1877,", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1016.jp2"}, "1017": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. HOI\\nand died on the 2d of October, 1877 Everett M., born on the 25th of\\nSeptember, 1878. Mr. Cosat has held the office of town clerk one term,\\ntownship assessor four years, justice of the peace two years, and\\nthis office he is still holding. He enlisted in the late war in 1864, in\\nCo. I, 5th Wis. Inf., as corporal. He was one of the six men who cap-\\ntured Lieutenant Ewell. He served one year and was in the battles of\\nCedar Creek, Petersburg, Sailor Creek, and several other engagements.\\nHe is a republican in politics. His parents were natives of Kentucky.\\nMr. Cosat s father came to this state in 1831, hence was one of the\\nearly settlers of this county.\\nElkanah Fairchild, Danville, farmer, section 2, was born in Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, on the 14th of June, 1845, and is a son of\\nDaniel Fairchild, one of the pioneers of the county, and a minister of\\nthe Methodist church of considerable note, and a man of great influ-\\nence. The subject of this sketch was married on the 25th of January,\\n1866, to Emily Fitzgerald, who was born in Vermilion county, this\\nstate, on the 21st of May, 1847. They are the parents of five children,\\nfour living Ina O., born on the 10th of April, 1869 Benjamin F.,\\nborn on the 16th of January, 1872 Ella G., born on the 13th of April,\\n1873 Grant, born on the 1st of July, 1878 Minnie A., born on the\\n21st of October, 1866, and died on the 9th of January, 1867. Mr. Fair-\\nchild enlisted in the late war in 1864, in Co. B, 135th 111. Vol. Inf.,\\nand served five months. He did picket duty, and was mustered out at\\nMattoon. He sells a few cattle and hogs every year, and farms quite\\nextensively. Mr. Fairchild owns two hundred and sixty acres of land,\\nis all in all a well-to-do farmer, and well respected by all who know\\nhim. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nJoseph M. Ingrain, Danville, farmer, was born in Franklin county,\\nOhio, on the 24th of July, 1844, and spent his early days in working\\non a farm. He came with his father to this state in 1852, settling ten\\nmiles north of Danville. He was married on the 17th of June, 1867,\\nto Elizabeth Fairchild, daughter of Daniel Fairchild, quite a noted\\nMethodist minister of this township. She was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, this state, on the 9th of January, 1850. They have by this\\nunion seven children, six living: Harrison M., born August 9, 1869;\\nDaniel E., born May 30, 1871; Earl K., born Sept. 6, 1873; Nora F.,\\nborn January 21, 1876; Elsie K., born March 22, 1877; Ordilla M.,\\nborn December 25, 1878; and one infant deceased. Mr. Ingram en-\\nlisted in the late war in 1864, in Co. K. 135th 111. Inf. Vol. He served\\nfive months, and was mustered out by general order. His parents\\nwere natives of Kentucky and Virginia. He is a republican and a\\nMethodist.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1017.jp2"}, "1018": {"fulltext": "902 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nJohnson Gararael, Danville, farmer, section 34, was born in New-\\nJersey in 1843. His parents died when he was but three years of age,\\nand he was then raised by his uncle. He came to this state when he\\nwas twelve years of age. He enlisted in 1864 in Co. E, 51st 111. Inf.\\nVol. He served one year, and was in the battles of Dalton, Dallas\\nand New Hope. He received a gunshot wound in the left arm in the\\nbattle in Tennessee, for which he receives twelve dollars per month\\npension. Mr. Gammel was married on the 6th of October, 1871, to\\nMary Lemmon, who was born in this county on the 26th of February,\\n1844. They have by this union three children Nettie, Eddy and\\nLula. Mr. Gammel has held the office of school director one year.\\nHe is a well-to-do farmer, and is in good standing in his neighborhood.\\nHe had but little property when he commenced for himself, but has\\nacquired a good property consisting of one hundred and seventeen\\nacres of splendid farm land. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nJohn Brandt, Danville, farmer, section 11, was born in Pennsylvania\\non the 3d of October, 1825, and was raised on a farm. At the age of\\nfourteen years he entered a general store as clerk, and there remained\\nfor a period of twelve years, after which he taught school four years.\\nHe was married in 1857 to Nancy Starr, who was born in Pennsyl-\\nvania in 1826. By this marriage they are the parents of two children\\nFrederick E. and Abraham L. Mr. Brandt has held the office of school\\ndirector several years. He had no property when he married but, by\\neconomy, industry and perseverance he has acquired one hundred and\\nfifty acres of land. His parents were both Dunkards. He is repub-\\nlican in politics.\\nFrancis M. Fairchild, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, was born\\nin Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 10th of November, 1858, and is\\na son of Daniel Fairchild, one of the early settlers of this county, and\\na minister of considerable note of the Methodist church. He married\\nmore couples and preached more funeral sermons than probably any\\nother man in the county. The subject of this sketch was married on\\nthe 30th of March, 1870, to Ina B. Fitzgerald, who was born in this\\ncounty on the 20th of April, 1848. They are the parents of five chil-\\ndren, four living: Charles W\\\\, born December 4, 1870; Lola M., born\\nAugust 14, 1872; Daisy W., born November 9, 1875; Oliver L., born\\nJune 28, 1877. Mr. Fairchild has held the office of collector one term,\\nand has been Sunday-school superintendent. He fattens and ships\\nfrom two to four car-loads of cattle a year, and some hogs. He owns\\nthree hundred and eighty-eight acres. Mr. Fairchild is a member of\\nthe Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a republican.\\nG. W. Justus, Danville, farmer and nurseryman, was born in Mont-", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1018.jp2"}, "1019": {"fulltext": "BLOUNT TOWNSHIP. 903\\ngomery county, Indiana, on the 3d of May, 1834, and at the age of\\ntwenty-two he went into mercantile business, which he continued for a\\nperiod of seven years. He has been three times married: first, to\\nEliza Smith, on the 18th of September, 1856. She was born in Foun-\\ntain county, Indiana, on the 30th of September, 1841, and died on the\\n16th of September, 1860. They had two children by this union:\\nSarah C. and Clara D., now deceased. Mr. Justus was then married,\\non the 4th of August, 1861, to Margaret Graves, who was born in Ken-\\ntucky on the 14th of May, 1829, and died on the 1st of February, 1872.\\nOne child by this marriage: Elizabeth, now deceased. He was then\\nunited to Hannah Cunningham on the 3d of September, 1873. She\\nwas born in Vermilion county, this state, on the 3d of September,\\n1840. They have had four children by this union, two living: Alia\\nL. and Bertha; the deceased were William V. and one infant. Mr. Jus-\\ntus has held the office of constable one year; justice of the peace, six\\nyears; school director, three years; postmaster, three years, and is\\ndeacon and elder in the Christian church.\\nWilliam Vancamp, Danville, physician, was born in Clark county,\\nOhio, and was engaged working in an oil mill owned by his father\\nuntil twenty years of age. His chances for an early education were\\nlimited. He came to this state in 1856, and settled in Coles county,\\nwhere he remained one year. Some time afterward he removed to\\nIndiana, where he practiced medicine thirteen years, and then, in 1869,\\ncame to this state, and settled in Pilot Grove, where he remained till\\n1871, during which time he had an extensive practice, attended with\\ngood success. From Pilot Grove he removed to Danville, where he\\npracticed six years. In 1864 Mr. Yancamp enlisted in the late war in\\nCo. I, 130th Ind. He had charge of the hospital, and during this\\ntime he discovered a remedy for cerebro-spinal meningitis that has\\nproved to be almost a specific. The Doctor has been twice married\\nfirst, on the 15th of May, 1853, to Nancy A. Lymill, who was born in\\nIndiana on the 13th of February, 1838, and is now deceased. They\\nhad by this marriage five children, four living. Mr. Yancamp was\\nthen married, on the 4th of July, 1865, to Elizabeth Sorett, who was\\nborn in Indiana on the 22d of August, 1837. They are the parents of\\nsix children, four living. The Doctor has been very benevolent, doc-\\ntoring the poor without any hope of pay. He is a Methodist and a\\nMason.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1019.jp2"}, "1020": {"fulltext": "904 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nPILOT TOWNSHIP.\\nNo section of country in this part of Illinois presents a more at-\\ntractive view than that occupied by Pilot township. Pilot is one of\\nthe original townships reported by the committee appointed to divide\\nthe county into townships, in December, 1850. It has the name then\\ngiven. The committee s report, submitted on the 27th of February,\\n1851, bounded the township as follows: Beginning at the southeast\\ncorner of section 34, in town 20, range 12, go north to the east corner\\nof section 3 in said town thence to the southeast corner of section 33,\\ntown 21, range 12 thence north to the northeast corner of section\\n21 in said town 21 thence west on the section line to the north-\\nwest corner of section 22, in town 21, range 14 thence south on the\\ncounty line to the southwest corner of section 34, town 20, range 14\\nthence east on the south line of town 20, to the place of beginning.\\nSince that time the township has undergone some changes in boundary,\\nthe principal one being the two-mile slice from the south side upon the\\nformation of Oakwood township in 1868. At present it is bounded as\\nfollows Beginning at the southeast corner of section 20, town 20,\\nrange 12, go north one-half mile thence west one-fourth mile; thence\\nnorth one and one-half miles thence west to the northwest corner of\\nsection 17 in said town thence north two miles thence west to the\\nsoutheast corner of section 35, town 21, range 13 thence north two\\nmiles; thence west one-half mile thence north one mile; thence west\\nto the county line; thence south on the county line to the southwest\\ncorner of section 22, town 20, range 14 thence east to the point of\\nstarting. From these boundary lines it will be seen that Pilot now\\ncontains sixty-five and one-eighth square miles that it is ten miles\\nfrom east to west in its longest portion that it is seven miles wide,\\nand that it lies mostly in ranges 13 and 14, only a small portion being\\nin range 12. Pilot is bounded on the north by Middle Fork township,\\non the east by Blount, on the south by Oakwood, and on the west by\\nChampaign county. It occupies the middle of the western side of Ver-\\nmilion county.\\nThe surface of this township is undulating, or gently rolling, in the\\ncentral part. In the south and southwest portions the tendency is\\nto flatten out and become too level. Along the eastern edge we have\\nthe brakes of the Middle Fork. There is a high portion of the town-\\nship which is known as California Ridge. It is the watershed between\\nthe waters of the Salt and Middle Forks. It is exceptionally high\\nground for this country, and has on it some of the most desirable farms", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1020.jp2"}, "1021": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 905\\nin the state of Illinois. Nearly all of the land is prairie. There is\\nsome timber on the eastern side along the Middle Fork, though not\\nmuch of the Middle Fork timber extends into Pilot township, and\\nthere is a small grove near the center of the township known as Pilot\\nGrove. This point of timber, away out in the prairie, away from any\\nstream, and on the highest portions of land in the country, very natu-\\nrally attracted the attention of early settlers. It was called Pilot on\\naccount of its peculiar situation, this rendering it a kind of guide, a\\nkind of beacon-light to the explorers of the prairie. The township de-\\nrived its name from this grove. There are no streams in Pilot of im-\\nportance, with the exception of Middle Fork, which skirts the edge on\\nthe east, now in and now without the limits of the township. The\\nhead waters of Stony Creek take their rise in the western part, and\\nthere is a small stream flowing into Middle Fork from the northeastern\\npart, called Knight s Branch. But water is furnished by good wells in\\nsufficient quantity for man and beast, and is elevated to the surface by\\nthe power of the wind, which in this country has free scope, and is\\nalmost constantly blowing.\\nThere is no village within the borders of Pilot. It has one post-\\noffice and store, but a village has not been laid out. Neither is there\\na railroad across its territory. It is entirely devoted to agricultural\\ninterests, and these are well represented. The soil is black, deep and\\nfertile. In some places it is necessary to drain in order to secure good\\nresults, but there is a greater portion of this township that will yield\\ngood crops without draining than of any other, perhaps, in the county.\\nCorn, wheat, oats, flax and grass, are the principal products. Cattle\\nand hogs are grown in vast numbers. There is more than the usual\\namount of grazing and cattle-growing. Sheep are kept quite exten-\\nsively by a few, and they report the business successful. It is said to\\nbe the best paying business that can be followed in this country. Very\\nlittle of the vast acres of corn are shipped. It is generally bought up\\nby the cattle-feeders in the neighborhood. A good thing in Pilot is the\\nherd law. People fence in their stock instead of their grain. This\\nthey found easier and less expensive. Vast areas of corn and other\\ngrain may be seen growing by the roadside, with nothing in the shape\\nof a fence anywhere in sight. Pilot, like some other portions of West\\nVermilion, suffers socially from a number of large land-owners. When\\nthis country began to settle up, men who realized the importance of\\nthe movement strove to get possession of large areas, that they might\\nhave the advantage of the rise in value. The prairies of Pilot offered\\nas attractive farms as any in the country, and accordingly we find here\\na number of farms, each of which includes vast areas. These would", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1021.jp2"}, "1022": {"fulltext": "906 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nnot have been as detrimental to the best interests of the community,\\nhad the owners been able, in every case, to improve them and keep\\nthem up with the progress of the times.\\nTHE PIONEERS.\\nThe points for early settlement were two, the timber of Middle\\nFork and Pilot Grove. Accordingly, we find settlements made at the\\nplaces at quite an early date. The first white settler within the limits\\nof this township is not now positively known. So many conflicting\\nstories reach the ear that one cannot positively affirm that such and\\nsuch were actually the first persons withing certain limits. It is proba-\\nble that James McGee was the first man in here. He came, as near as\\ncan now be ascertained, in 1824 or 1825. The McGees (for there were\\na number of them afterward) remained in the neighborhood for a long\\ntime, but finally moved away. Mr. Griffith, we are told by some,\\ncame before this man. Griffith was in what is now Oakwood township,\\nbut just on the edge, and in the same neighborhood. In 1827 Morgan\\nRees and the Juvinalls came into the township and settled on the\\nMiddle Fork, above where the others had stopped. Morgan Rees is\\nstill living in Blount township, but on the west side of the creek, near\\nwhere he settled fifty-two years ago. He has been most of his time\\nright here, and is, perhaps, better acquainted with the history of this\\npart of the county than any other man living. The Juvinalls were\\nwell known in this community, all through the years of pioneer life.\\nThe old man, father of a number of boys, came with his family at the\\nearly date before mentioned. His first name was John, and his sons\\nwere Andrew, David, James, and John Juvinall, jr. David and An-\\ndrew were married when they came. The children of Andrew still\\nlive in the neighborhood. The Juvinalls came from Ohio. The Mor-\\nrison family came in a little farther up, about the same time. Morrisons\\nwere important elements in the neighborhood, but they finally went\\naway. William Trimmell came about the year 1828. He settled in\\nthe same neighborhood. There are still a few of the name found in\\nvarious parts of the county. Samuel Bloomfield came up to Middle\\nFork about 1829 or 1830, to improve his farm. He had come to\\nQuakers Point as early as 1823, and had lived in other parts of the\\ncounty, before he came up here, some six or seven years. His family\\nwas raised mostly here, and many comparatively old settlers have all\\nthe time thought that this was his first stopping-place in the county;\\nbut we learn from his daughter, Mrs. Deamude, that her father came\\nto the county in the spring of 1823. Mrs. Deamude was then but a\\nchild, but remembers the coming. She has been here, then, more than", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1022.jp2"}, "1023": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 907\\nfifty-six years. She is much the oldest settler living in the township.\\nMrs. Atwood, her sister, who lives here, was born in the township.\\nIn 1828 Absalom Collison came to the settlement on the Middle\\nFork. He stopped with the Juvinalls for a while. They were all\\nfrom Ohio, and Mr. Collison was a single man at the time, and needed\\na home. He did not content himself with that kind of a home long\\nhe concluded to have one of his own. He paid his respects to Mary\\nChenoweth, who accepted his offer for better or worse, and they were\\nmarried in 1829. This, we presume, was the first marriage in that\\nneighborhood. Miss Chenoweth had come to the neighborhood in the\\nsame year with her father s family. They went to the farm that they\\noccupied so long, immediately. Here they remained and brought up\\ntheir family, and here Mr. Collison died in 1853. The widow still\\nsurvives at an advanced age, living on the same farm that she began\\nher married life upon full fifty years ago.\\nThe Atwoods came to the east end of Pilot township in 1829.\\nThey, too came from Ohio. Alfred Atwood, whose biography ap-\\npears elsewhere, was a prominent member of society. He came\\nwith his parents when only six years old. Eli Helmick, who came\\nfirst to Salt Fork in 1833, came to the east side of Pilot township in\\n1836. At an advanced age he still lives and enjoys good health in the\\nsame neighborhood where for forty-three years he has been one of\\nthe principal men. When we remember that this man came here at\\nthe age of thirty-four, and that a man in the middle of life may go\\ninto a new country where there is nothing but vast wastes of unoccu-\\npied land, and where but few white men are to be seen, and yet live to\\nsee a populous, thriving, well-to-do community spring up around\\nhim, with all the facilities for culture and refinement to be had in any\\nlocality, no matter how old, we realize that this is an age of progress,\\nand that life means more than it did a hundred years ago. What if\\nMethuselah did live nine hundred and sixty-nine years; did he see such\\nprogress as Uncle Eli has seen within his days.\\nWe have mentioned the principal pioneers of Middle Fork in Pilot\\nothers may have lived here who deserved a preservation of their\\ndeeds in the history of their community, but no matter how deserv-\\ning, unless some one is left to tell the story, their deeds of heroism\\nmust sink into oblivion, or, perchance, live in the better lives of\\nthose who have been led they know not by whom. The first settler\\nat Pilot Grove is in dispute. Rumor has it that a man by the name\\nof Girard, a relative of old Stephen Girard, of Philadelphia, was\\nthe first white man who lived there but others tell us that Mr. All-\\ncorn was the first. Certain it is that Mr. Allcorn was there in 1830.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1023.jp2"}, "1024": {"fulltext": "908 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIt is said that he was succeeded by a Mr. Wheat. The grove, and\\nquite a large scope of land around it, is now occupied by W. H. Fow-\\nler. For some time this has been the seat of a large farm. It certainly\\nis a good place to excite the energy of an ambitious man. The first\\nsettler in the western part of the township, in the prairie, was Robert\\nButz but this was recent as compared with the settlements on the\\nMiddle Fork. His son, J. K. Butz, has one of the best improved\\nfarms in the county. He began on it as wild prairie in 1859. Eph-\\nraim B. Tillotson was the first settler in the northwest part. He came\\nto section 31, T. 21, R. 13, in 1856 he has remained there ever since,\\nand has one of the best farms in the township. The earliest settler in\\nthe northeastern part was a Mr. Knight, who settled on a branch that\\nhas since borne his name. In here the only old settler still living, so\\nfar as we could learn, is William R. Furrow, who came with his\\nmother and her family in 1844. He has held on to his early efforts\\nhere with advantage and profit.\\nEDUCATIONAL.\\nThe early settlements in Pilot township were so scattered along the\\ncreek that they did not become sufficiently numerous in any one vicin-\\nity to support a school until a comparative recent date. In the neigh-\\nborhood of the Juvinalls, but just across the creek in Blount township,\\nschool was taught at a very early day by Morgan Rees. Children\\nfrom this settlement would attend the school across there, and conse-\\nquently in those days school was not necessary on the western side of\\nthe creek. The first school-house built in Pilot was put up on sec-\\ntion 20, T. 20, R. 12. This was in 1836 or 1837. Ezekiel Lewton\\ntaught the first school in this building. There had been, however, a\\nschool previous to this, in a cabin, taught by a Mr. Beard. This was\\nabout the year 1834. These schools possessed the usual primitive\\ncharacter. The days of loud schools had not gone. The ambitious\\nyouth were taught to exercise their vocal organs, and the more noise\\nmade the more successful the school. The present condition of educa-\\ntional affairs is quite satisfactory. Good school-houses are seen in\\nnearly all the districts, and competent teachers manage successful\\nschools as a rule.\\nCHURCHES.\\nPilot is without villages, but is not lacking in churches. Within\\nthe narrow limits of one small township we find five churches and\\nseveral societies that hold meetings without owning any house of wor-\\nship. Not only do we find a number of churches, but there is a large\\nmembership.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1024.jp2"}, "1025": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 909\\nThe very first meetings within the limits of this township were\\nheld, as nearly as we can ascertain the facts, under the auspices of the\\nMcGees. As before noted, these people came here very early. The\\nelder McGee was a minister. These were one branch of the Christian\\nchurch. They seem to have been neither what is called Campbellite\\nnor New Light, though probably a branch of the latter. They had an\\norganization quite early. Stephen Griffith was one of the members at\\nthat time, or, at least, an influential man among them. They held\\nmeetings in private houses for some time. It is related that, about\\n1828 or 1829, they got up quite an excitement. They concluded to\\nfollow the apostolic order and have all things common. But this did\\nnot suit all concerned, and difficulty arose in camp. They did other\\nthings not considered orthodox at present such as meeting and wait-\\ning for the descent of the Holy Ghost. This society was strong and\\ninfluential in the first days of the neighborhood, but it finally suc-\\ncumbed, and left no vestige of its former strength.\\nChristian chapel, located in the south edge of Pilot township, was\\nbuilt by the Christians (New Lights) in 1873. It is a neat country\\nchurch, 26x40 feet, and cost $1,200. The society that meets here had\\nits origin in Oakwood township, for the first efforts of Emly and Wil-\\nkins are recorded there. When the society left the Craig school-house\\nit met at the Snyder school-house next. The meetings in the Snyder\\nschool-house were first held in 1862. There was a time when it be-\\ncame almost disorganized; some of the members were gone away to\\nthe army, and others had moved away, until things were in rather a\\ndilapidated condition. But a revival of the work was begun, and has\\ncontinued ever since. Meetings were held in the Snyder school-house\\nuntil the building of the church. Since that time services are regu-\\nlarly held in the chapel. A flourishing Sabbath-school is generally\\nkept going; good feeling prevails; there is little clashing with other\\ndenominations, and the society holds a membership of about one hun-\\ndred and thirty. Thomas Snyder is the present pastor, and has held\\nthe position for sixteen years. He resides in the neighborhood, being\\na descendant of one of the earliest settlers of the county. There is a\\nsociety of this denomination in the western part of the township,\\nwhich meets at the Hope school-house. It was organized on the 4th\\nof April, 1874, with forty-four members. It was organized under the\\nsupervision of Thomas Snyder. Previous to the organization of the\\nchurch here, J. K. Butz and wife, Mr. Hedge and wife, and Mr.\\nThompson, were the only members of this denomination in the neigh-\\nborhood. Meetings are now held monthly. The Kev. Mr. Rippey is\\nthe present pastor; before him, Elder Green officiated. There are now", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1025.jp2"}, "1026": {"fulltext": "910 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nabout fifty members. The school-house at Hope is one of the best\\ncountry school-houses in the county. It was put up with a view to the\\naccommodation of religious, as well as educational, enterprises. In\\nthis house there is a well organized and enthusiastic Sabbath-school.\\nThe parents take an interest in it. They see that their children have\\na good place to go to on Sunday.\\nThere are several members of the Campbellite division of the\\nChristian church within the limits of Pilot, but those on the south side\\nbelong to the society that meet at the Gorman school-house in Oak-\\nwood township. The people of the north have built themselves a very\\npleasantly appearing church on the north side of the township. It is\\n24 x 36 feet, but cost them only about $400. There is quite a flourish-\\ning little society here. The main man of this organization is Ephraim\\nB. Tillotson.\\nIn the northeast part of the township is located Knight s Branch\\nchurch, as it is generally known. It is so called from its location on\\nthe branch first settled by a Mr. Knight. The proper name of the\\nchurch is Olive Branch. This society is the only early organization of\\nUnited Brethren in this part of the county. The first member of this\\nsociety, or of this denomination, in this part of the country, was Abra-\\nham Peterson. He came in here about 1839 or 1840. The next man\\nof influence of this persuasion was P. A. Canady. He arrived in this\\nneighborhood about the year 1850. Peterson was a minister and did\\nthe first preaching for these people. He held meetings at his own\\nhouse. The class was soon organized. They built the church in\\n1867. It is 42 X 50 feet. It cost $2,700. It was dedicated by Bishop\\nWeaver. At the time of the dedication there were nearly one hundred\\nmembers, but the society has not been prosperous of late years. There\\nare now only about twenty-five persons belonging to the church. The\\npresent pastor is the Rev. Scott. They have a Sabbath-school in suc-\\ncessful operation, superintended by Elon Sperry. Before the building\\nof the church, while meetings were held in the school-house, there was\\na great interest manifested. During harvest-time, prayer meetings\\nwere kept up every day of the week. Men would stop the reaper to\\ngo to meeting. As a result of this deep interest, there were seventy-\\nfive or eighty additions to the church at that one time.\\nPilot Class of United Brethren was organized about seven years ago,\\nat Pilot Grove school-house. The first members included D. C. Butz,\\nW. B. Tillotson, H. K. Curtis and wife, Mrs. Endicott, Austin Endi-\\ncott and wife. The first to hold meetings for this society were Ira\\nMater and Joseph Cooper. There are about twenty members in this\\nclass. W. B. Tillotson is the class-leader, and H. K. Curtis is steward.", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1026.jp2"}, "1027": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. Q\\\\\\\\\\nWe have yet to notice the Methodists in this township. They are\\namong the strongest here, and their origin in this country dates back to\\nthe earliest pioneer days of the white settlements in this part of the\\ncountry. The Morrison s and Juvinalls were Methodists. Their early\\nsettlement here has already been noticed. Meeting was regularly held\\nat the residence of Mr. Morrison till he went away to Wisconsin.\\nThis was for some years after the first settlements. The earliest minis-\\nter recollected is the Eev. McKain, who was here in the earliest times.\\nMeetings were sometimes held at the residence of the Juvinalls. After\\nthe school-houses began to be built, meeting was held in them. The\\nPilot chapel organization met in the Collison school-house till the build-\\ning of the church. Pilot chapel was built in the early part of the year\\nand dedicated in June, 1871. The Eev. David Brewer was the pastor\\nat the time of building. This is a well-built, attractive country church,\\nand has a flourishing society with a good membership. The preacher\\nin charge, at present, is the Rev. Eli Helmick. His career has already\\nbeen dwelt upon at length in these pages, and will simply mention\\nhere that he is one of the old wheel-horses of Methodism in this coun-\\ntry. He came in here as early as 1830. He traveled all over this\\ncountry, at that time and subsequently, and preached in almost every\\nsettlement in early times. In 1830 he traveled with Old Freeman\\nSmalley, whom the old settlers will recollect as one of the most re-\\nmarkable pioneers of early times. The author of these lines met the\\nold man, in late years, on the frontier, where, at an extreme old age, he\\nstill made his way to the school-houses wherever Baptist congregations\\ngathered to worship. But he is gone His comrade lingers on the\\nshores of time, but will soon join the innumerable hosts of pioneers,\\nwhere nearly all the old settlers have already gone.\\nEmberry is the name of a church built by the Methodists on the\\nsouth side of the California Ridge, and within two miles of the\\nsouth line of the township. The society that occupies this church was\\norganized by Rev. John E. Vinson. This was at what was called the\\nSand Bar school-house, about the year 1857. Mr. Yinson was a mem-\\nber of the Illinois Conference of Methodist Itinerants. He was, at that\\ntime, appointed to the circuit that included this territory. The\\nSand Bar school-house continued to be a regular place appointed to\\nhold services for this membership until the building of the church.\\nThe first members of this society consisted of Rev. Yinson, wife and\\ntwo children, and William Price and wife. If there were others their\\nnames are forgotten. In 1855, while Rev. John Long was on the\\ncircuit, there was an extensive revival here. More than forty persons\\nunited with the church; the Cassell family, the Deamude family, the", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1027.jp2"}, "1028": {"fulltext": "912 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nCannon family and others were taken in at this time. The church was\\nbuilt in 1875. This was during the pastorate of Rev. I. Groves. The\\nbuilding is an elegant frame, and cost $2,300. When the day of dedi-\\ncation came this amount was all provided for, and nothing was asked\\nof the congregation. There is a prosperous society, and a reasonable\\nmembership.\\nIn the western part of the township there are a number of persons\\nof the Roman Catholic faith and practice. They have no church, but\\nwe understand that services are held semi-occasionally in private\\nhouses whenever the priest can come out from Danville.\\nPOLITICAL AND WAR RECORD.\\nIn politics, Pilot is not only republican, but radically so. In all\\nstate and national elections, Pilot heaps up heavy majorities for the\\nregular republican candidates. The township offices are seldom\\nchanged. Little ambition is manifested in securing them.\\nIn war, as in peace, the people manifest much interest in the gen-\\neral welfare of the country. There is one soldier of the Black Hawk\\nwar living in the township, and one living just across the line in\\nBlount township, that went from this. The former is John Cassell,\\nand the latter, Morgan Rees. They were under Col. Moore. These\\ntwo companions of forty-seven years ago remain with us. If there\\nwere others from this part of the county their names are not remem-\\nbered. These linger at advanced ages, but they will soon be gone, and\\nthe soldier of the Black Hawk war will be of the past. If there were\\nany in the Mexican war we failed to find them but, during the stormy\\ndays of the republic, when men were rushing to the front to stop the\\nravages of an infuriate foe, Pilot furnished her own proper proportion.\\nEli Helmick lost two sons: George and Eli R. George was in the 21st\\n111. Inf. under Gen. (then Col.) Grant. He died at home. The other\\nwas in the 35th, under Capt. Timmons. He died at Otterville, Mis-\\nsouri. Mr. Atwood also died from the effects of disease contracted in\\nthe army. We learned the names of no others. We are inclined to\\nthink that the soldiers from Pilot did not experience as great a mor-\\ntality in their ranks as many sections have known. Within a limited\\narea, smaller by far than Pilot, we have found the homes of nearly two-\\nscore men who lie on southern fields. But a good portion of Pilot\\nlay open and unoccupied in 1861.\\nA TILE FACTORY\\nIs in successful operation in this township. The surface of the country\\nhere is not particularly level, but it soon runs into that kind of surface", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1028.jp2"}, "1029": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 913\\nas we go out from the California Ridge. This factory was built\\nin the fall of 1877. It is located in the northeastern part of the\\ntownship, and was put up by James Acton. The factory is composed\\nof kiln, shed and round-house. The kiln is 15x17 feet, the shed\\n24x100 feet, and the round-house forty-two feet in diameter. The\\nmachine for molding the tile and grinding the clay is a four-horse\\nPennfield patent. It is capable of turning out two thousand six-inch\\ntiles per day. It will mold tiles of 3, 3^, 4, 5 and 6 inches in diameter.\\nThey make the flat-bottomed tile. The factory is owned by James\\nActon and Conrad Friedrich, the latter having charge of and oper-\\nating it. They make tiling from remarkably peculiar, tough, blue clay.\\nThis is said to be the best for the purpose it certainly makes very\\ngood tile so far as appearance goes. The manufacturers claim that\\ntheir tile is harder than the usual kinds it is almost, if not quite,\\nas hard as the best burned brick. They are selling quite a large\\nnumber of tiles. This country when thoroughly drained will be un-\\nsurpassed in fertility, as it is now in soil, in the United States. It is\\ncertainly commendable that an effort be made to manufacture so neces-\\nsary an article in the community in which it is needed.\\nHIGHWAYS.\\nAs Pilot lies principally on a prairie ridge, there were few public\\nthoroughfares in early days. Persons traveled across the prairies in\\nthose days without roads, or even paths. For many years after settle-\\nments were made along the timber, the traveling over the prairie was\\ndone by direction. The traveler would ascertain the direction he\\nmust take to reach his desired destination, and then keep to his course,\\nover pathless waste, crossing streams and swamps as best he could. A\\nfew roads along the Middle Fork date back to the days of early settle-\\nment; more recently nearly all the section lines have been made public\\nhighways. As the herd law is operative here, all that is necessary for\\na road in many places is a space left between the cultivated portions of\\nadjoining farms. There are few streams, and consequently few bridges\\nare required. In many places the roads present a pleasing appearance\\non account of the clover and timothy that grow beside them.\\nORGANIZATION OF PILOT.\\nThis was one of the first townships, as before stated. The commit-\\ntee who fixed the original boundary and gave it the name Pilot, was\\ncomposed of John Canady, Alvan Gilbert and Hamilton White. The\\ntownship was represented in the first supervisor s court that met on\\nthe 13th of June, 1851, by Samuel Partlow. The next supervisor was\\n58", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1029.jp2"}, "1030": {"fulltext": "914 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nEli Helmick, who continued in the office a number of years. As be-\\nfore remarked, the people of Pilot are not given to a great deal of\\nchanging of officers. Mr. J. E. Vinson was justice of the peace for\\ntwenty years, and the present supervisor, Mr. Keeslar, is serving his ninth\\nterm. At the election held on the 1st of April, 1879, the following\\nofficers were chosen Charles W. Keeslar, supervisor L. Tillotson,\\ntown clerk J. C. Tevebaugh, assessor T. C. Smoot, collector John\\nZ. Selsor, commissioner of highways; J. A. Knight, constable, and\\nF. A. Collison, pound-master. The latter resigned and C. O. Ball\\nwas appointed to fill the vacancy.\\nHOPE POST-OFFICE.\\nAlthough Pilot cannot boast any villages, it has its post-office. We\\nhave yet to find in this part of the county a lovelier place for a little\\nvillage than the spot where the post-office is located. But these people\\nseem not to be ambitious in this line. No railroad facilities can ever\\nbe expected here, and these are necessary for a successful village in\\nthese days of fast traveling. This office is in the southwestern part of\\nthe township. It was first a special office, the people paying their own\\ncarrier. J. K. Butz was the first postmaster. The carrier at this time,\\ncame to Hope from Compromise, in Champaign county. In 1873 a\\nregular office was established, and Mr. Butz was made postmaster, and\\ncontinued till 1875. Since that time E. A. Donaldson has held the\\noffice at the Cross-Roads. They now have two mails a week. The\\nschool-house here and the society of New Lights were noticed under\\nthe heading Churches. In 1876 Mr. Butz put up a blacksmith-shop.\\nWicoff and son worked in it a while, and then J. T. Johnson swung\\nthe hammer and blew the bellows. At present, Gr. W. Cool manages\\nthe fires. Ezra Harrison began a mercantile business at this place in\\nthe spring of 1878. Although he has been operating for so short a\\ntime, he has built up a successful trade. He occupies a store-room\\n16x38 feet. He carries on a general country trade, dealing in such\\nthings as are in demand in a farming community. Mr. E. A. Donald-\\nson, the postmaster, who is also a school-teacher, carries a small stock\\nof goods, for the benefit of the community and himself.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nSamuel Bloomfield, deceased, was one of the earliest settlers of\\nVermilion county. He was a native of Ohio, and came here in the\\nspring of 1823. He stopped awhile in Indiana. The first place that\\nhe occupied in this county was Quaker s Point. He was the first set-\\ntler there. He remained here two years and then moved close to", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1030.jp2"}, "1031": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 915\\nGeorgetown. After a short residence there he moved to six miles\\nsoutheast of Danville, and then two and a half miles below Danville.\\nAfter a stay here he came to Middle Fork. He lived and died in that\\nneighborhood. He died on the road home from mill, in 1862, of heart\\ndisease. His wife lived until 1871. They had five daughters and four\\nsons. The eldest, Mrs. Deamude, lives on her farm in Pilot township.\\nShe was married to Samuel Deamude on the 3d of April, 1842. He\\nwas born on the 16th of August, 1807. He, too, was an early settler.\\nHe came in 1835. He had married Miss Hillery previously. Mr. D.\\ndied on the 27th of January, 1868. He had five children by first wife\\nand four by second. They came to the farm in Pilot in 1848. He\\nbought four hundred acres of land here. Mrs. D. still lives on the\\nplace. It has been divided up among the children, but the mother\\nhas a large and pleasant house to live in, and she still carries on a good\\ndeal of business.\\nS. P. Leneve, Pilot, farmer, is one of the oldest persons that we\\nhave found who were born in this county. He was born here on the\\n23d of December, 1828. His father was one of the very first in this\\ncountry. S. P. Leneve grew to manhood on his father s farm. He\\nthen went to California in 1852. He had received a fair education at\\nthe Georgetown high school, and was prepared to make his way in the\\nworld. He went by way of New Orleans and the Isthmus. They\\ntouched at Acapulco. On the way they had some difficulty in regard\\nto food. He first went to Mary ville. He worked in the mines at $110\\nper month. From this he went to teaming, and followed the business\\nfourteen years. He then went to Nevada and dealt in stock and grain.\\nHe made his home in Virginia City two years. He then came back\\nto this county by way of New York city. In 1869 he married Adaline\\nWilson. He has since lived on his farm in Pilot township.\\nAlfred Atwood, deceased, Pilot, was a well-known character in the\\ncommunity in which he lived. He was born in Preble county, Ohio,\\non the 10th of October, 1823, and died on the 2d of June, 1865. He\\ndied of chronic diarrhoea, contracted in the United States service. He\\ncame with his parents to Illinois at the age of six years. They first\\nstopped on Middle Fork, in the east end of Pilot township. Here he\\ngrew up, and on the 21st of January, 1847, married Diadama Bloom-\\nfield. She was born here on the 18th of June, 1832. She still lives\\nhere with her children. Mr. Atwood joined the Christian church in\\n1850, and was ordained elder in 1852. He enlisted in the 125th Reg.\\n111. Inf. in August, 1862. He maintained his Christian character\\nthrough all the trials of war. He was earnest, devout, and often\\npreached to his gathered comrades. On the 1st of May, 1864, he was", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1031.jp2"}, "1032": {"fulltext": "916 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nsent to the hospital, and was discharged in 1865. He then came home\\nand died as above. Funeral services were not held till the return of\\nhis comrades, on the 3d of September, 1865. He left a wife, three\\nsons and one daughter to mourn his loss. He owned at that time one\\nhundred and ninety acres of land in east end of Pilot. Mr. Atwood s\\nChristianity was unchallenged. The goodness and piety of his life\\nthrew a radiant halo of eternal glory around his every action. Men\\nloved and admired him, while his faithful performance of duty enno-\\nbled his life and established confidence in humanity.\\nDavid H. Lindsey, Higginsville, farmer, is a native of Kentucky,\\nhaving been born in Harrison county on the 26th of July, 1817. His\\nfather died when he was young, and his mother married Mr. Martin.\\nThey came to Illinois in the fall of 1829. David came along, and has\\nmade this his home ever since. They stopped close to state line, where\\nthe family grew up. Mr. Lindsey married Mariah Boyd on the 30th\\nof June, 1839. She died, and he married Sophronia Canady on the\\n19th of March, 1844. Upon her death he took to himself Minerva J.\\nWood, on the 30th of April, 1852. He was united with his last wife,\\nOrdelia Anderson, upon the death of the third. Her father was a\\npioneer Methodist preacher in earl} times. Mr. L. has five children\\nliving. He came to Pilot in 1849. He bought a large tract of land\\nhere at first. He now owns two hundred and fifty-four acres. He is\\na member of the M. E. church, being steward and trustee.\\nW. H. Price, Pilot, farmer, came to Vermilion county when young.\\nHe was born in Ohio on the 4th of July, 1827. He reached Illinois\\nin 1830. His father s family came to two miles north of Danville.\\nHere the son stayed till he was sixteen years old. At that time he be-\\ngan life for himself, with nothing but his ability to start on. He\\nworked out three years. He remained in the neighborhood of State\\nLine till twenty-three years old. He was married in January, 1850, to\\nMary A. Cazzatt. He moved to where he now lives in Pilot township,\\nin the spring of 1852. He bought two hundred acres of land when\\nnineteen years old, and paid for it by working at nine dollars per\\nmonth. He now has six hundred and forty acres. He has five chil-\\ndren. He is a member of the M. E. church, and of the A.F. A.M.\\nUncle Eli, as Eli Helmick, retired farmer and minister, is known\\nall over the country, is one of the few remaining old settlers who came\\nhere at a very early day, and yet was old enough to have quite a family\\nwhen he came. He was born in Randolph county, Virginia, on the 4th\\nof August, 1802. Plis father, Jacob Helmick, was in the war of 1812.\\nThe family had moved to Warren county, Ohio, in 1805. Jacob Hel-\\nmick died there in 1815. While his father was in the war, Eli thought", "height": "3434", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1032.jp2"}, "1033": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 917\\nto go ahead with the work, and in making a wooden wedge for the\\npurpose of rail-splitting, he cut oft his thumb with the ax. He lived\\nin Warren county from 1805 till 1819, and in Clinton from 1819 till\\n1833. In 1830 Mr. Helmick and old Mr. Freeman Smalley, whom\\nthe old settlers will remember, came to Illinois on horseback. They\\ntraveled all over this country, and would have moved the next year\\nhad not the threatening Indian troubles kept them back. But when\\nthings quieted down after the war of 1832, they began fixing up for\\nthe journey. They reached Vermilion county in 1833. They first\\nstopped two and a half miles east of where Homer now is. Mr. Hel-\\nmick hauled the first load of goods that ever went to Homer, in 1834.\\nHe stayed on this place till 1836, and then came to the east side of\\nPilot township, where he has lived ever since (residence first in section\\n20, town 20 north, range 12 west residence now in section 13). When\\nhe first came to Pilot he bought six hundred acres of land, but has sold\\noff and given to his children till he now owns three hundred and thirty-\\neight acres two hundred and forty prairie, and ninety-eight timber.\\nOn the 28th of July, 1825, Mr. Helmick was married to Kachel Villars.\\nThey had nine children, eight of whom lived to be grown. Four of\\nthese are now living. His son George was in the 111. Vol. Inf., 21st\\nReg. He went out with the first three-years men. He was in Grant s\\nregiment. George took sick at Iron Mountain and came home and\\ndied on the 28th of March, 1862. Eli R., a younger son, volunteered\\nin August, 1861, and went with his regiment (35th) to Otterville,\\nwhere he died on the 7th of October, 1861. These sons were both\\nburied in Mt. Pleasant cemetery. Thomas A. was also in the army,\\nbut he returned. John W. is a traveling minister in the Illinois Con-\\nference M. E. church. Thomas A. was also a minister, but died in\\nAugust, 1877, in Kansas. Eli Helmick was married a second time on\\nthe 8th of February, 1848, to Amanda Oak wood, daughter of Henry\\nOakwood. They had three children. Amanda died on the 19th of\\nJanuary, 1875. His first wife had died on the 7th of March, 1846.\\nUncle Eli has been a member of the M. E. church for fifty-seven\\nyears. He was ordained local deacon in the M. E. church on the 22d\\nof October, 1843, by Bishop Andrews, at Crawfordsville, Indiana. He\\nwas ordained elder at Decatur, Illinois, on the 4th of October, 1857.\\nHe now has charge of the Pilot circuit. He was elected supervisor\\nfrom Pilot township to fill vacancy made vacant by Samuel Partlow.\\nHe was thus second supervisor from the township, and continued in\\nthe office for a number of terms. He is now growing old, but is vig-\\norous and hearty for one in his seventy-seventh year, he spending", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1033.jp2"}, "1034": {"fulltext": "918 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhis time preaching, thus being ready for the Master when he declares\\nthe harvest ended and the work done.\\nMatthew Laflen, Pilot, farmer, is one of the oldest settlers of this\\ntownship now living. He was born in Monroe county, Ohio, on the\\n13th of September, 1816. He stayed in Ohio till fourteen years old,\\nand then came to Indiana in 1830. He then came to Vermilion county,\\nIndiana, in 1832. He remained in that place two years and then came\\nover to Illinois in 1834, to two and a half miles east of Danville. He\\nremained there till 1843, when he came to where he now lives, town\\n20, range 13, section 13. He then bought one hundred and ten acres\\nof land, now he has four hundred and fifty acres. He was married to\\nEliza J. Lamm in 1836. She is a daughter of Edward Lamm. She is\\nthe mother of twelve children, all of whom are living. They had two\\nsons in the late war. Amos W. was in the 125th, and William A.\\nwas in the 4th Iowa under Col. Dodge. He was in the Pea Ridge\\nfight, but went into invalid corps was discharged and enlisted again.\\nAmos W. went through with the 125th. Matthew Laflen has been a\\nmember of the M. E. church since 1833.\\nAndrew J. Michael, Pilot, was born in this county on the 30th of\\nDecember, 1834, at New Town. His father is Robert Michael. He\\ncame to this county in October, 1834. Mr. Michael was brought up\\non a farm near the place of his birth. In 1856 he began for himself.\\nIn 1859 he went to the gold mines in Colorado. He broke prairie\\npreviously with ox-teams for five years. His health had failed, and the\\nwestern trip restored it. He came back in 1860. He went to farming\\nwhere he now is in 1863. He married the widow of Joseph English,\\nof the 25th 111. Vol. Inf. They have five children. Mr. Michael has\\nmade all his wealth since 1856. He owns two hundred and fifteen\\nacres of land, which is clear of incumbrances of all kinds.\\nJohn Cramer, deceased, was born in Virginia on the 22d of March,\\n1815. He moved first to West Virginia, and then to Ohio. From\\nOhio he came to Illinois in 1835, and settled about five miles north-\\nwest of Danville. In 1836 he married Malinda Lewman, daughter of\\nAaron Lewman, who came to Illinois from Kentucky in 1827. After\\ntheir marriage they lived in different parts of the same neighborhood,\\ntill he bought land near the West Lebanon church. They remained at\\nthis place till 1857, when they moved to the prairie, in Pilot township,\\nwhere they bought one hundred and sixty acres of land, and where the\\nfamily still live. Mr. Cramer died on the 8th of November, 1865. He\\nleft a w fe and six children. He was a member of the M. E. church\\nfor more than twenty years.\\nThe Vinsons are a well-known and much respected people in the", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1034.jp2"}, "1035": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 919\\nwestern part of Vermilion county. John E., farmer and minister, was\\nborn in Kentucky on the 10th of November, 1823. His father, Hen-\\nson Vinson, sen., was one of the earliest settlers of Parke county, In-\\ndiana, having reached that state in 1828. Mr. Vinson, sen., came with\\nhis family to Middle Fork in 1837. John E. grew to manhood on his\\nfather s farm, southwest of New Town. On the 12th of June, 1841,\\nhe married Elizabeth E. Trimmell, daughter of William Trimmell, sen.\\nShe was born half a mile north of New Town. They moved, first, to\\nthe east side of Pilot township, and staid there three years. They\\nthen moved to their present home farm on the highlands of Pilot\\ntownship. Here they were alone in the prairie for some time. Mr.\\nVinson first bought land here in 1845. The home place has four hun-\\ndred acres. Besides this, he owns land in Kansas and some other land\\nin this state. Mr. Vinson has been a member of the M. E. church for\\nfort} -one years. He has been a local minister for twenty-two years.\\nIn 1853 he was elected justice of the peace, and served in that capacity\\nfor twenty years. Mr. Vinson went out with the 125th in Co. I, as first\\nlieutenant, his brother, Levin Vinson, being captain. He remained\\nwith the regiment till they reached Nashville. He was taken sick just\\nafter the Perryville fight. He resigned his commission in January,\\n1863, and came home. He was sick for some time, but recovered in\\ntime to recruit a new company in the spring of 1863. Mr. Vinson\\nstarted out as captain of this company, but gave it up in order to\\nhasten the organization of the company, and took the first lieutenancy\\nagain. They were mustered in at Mattoon. They were now in com-\\npany I, 135th. Their service was mostly in Missouri. They went out\\nas one-hundred-day men, and were mustered out in the fall of 1863.\\nMartin H. Watson, Fithian, farmer, is a native of the county. He\\nwas born on the 6th of May, 1840. His father, John R. Watson, of\\nDanville, came to the county at a very early date. Martin was born\\non the farm three miles north of Danville he grew to manhood on\\nthat farm. On the 3d of April, 1860, he married Martha A. Cunning-\\nham, and moved to Pilot township the same year. They have eight\\nchildren. Mr. W. owns three hundred and sixty acres of land, lying\\nin a square on the southwest corner of section 24, T. 20 N., R. 14 W.\\nThey have lived on this place since 1860. Mr. W. is a member of the\\nregular Predestinarian Baptist church.\\nMatthew Barkman, Higginsville, farmer, resides on section 1, T. 20,\\nR. 13, where he owns one hundred and seventy-five acres of land. He\\ncame to this place twenty-five years ago, and has been living here ever\\nsince. He was born in Licking county, Ohio, on the 16th of April,\\n1824. He remained there till he was eighteen years old, and then", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1035.jp2"}, "1036": {"fulltext": "920 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncame to Pilot township, this county this was in 1842. Mr. Bark-\\nman married Ruamia Juvenal, a daughter of one of the first settlers\\nhere, in 1847. Mr. B s earl} advantages were very limited, but he has\\nby energy and perseverance gained a competency.\\nGeorge Watson, Hope, farmer, is another of those whose parents\\ncame to Vermilion in the earliest days of pioneer settlement. George\\nwas born in this county on the 27th of February, 1844, in Newell\\ntownship. He lived there till he was twenty-three years old. He\\nmoved to Pilot township in the fall of 1867. He has three hundred\\nand eighty-two and a-half acres of land and is in good condition. He\\nmarried Rebecca J. Olehy, daughter of John Olehy, on the 30th of\\nJuly, 1865. They have four children living.\\nFew grown men have been in Pilot township longer than W. R.\\nFurrow, of Potomac, and but few can show as good a record of success\\nunder difficulties. He was born in Madison county, Ohio, on the 9th\\nof May, 1826. He stayed there till eighteen years old. He went to\\nschool till his father died, and then he had to work out. His mother\\nwas left a widow with five children. She settled on Knight s Branch\\nin 1844. Mr. F. says that next season would have seen them in Ohio,\\nbut they were too poor to go back. At one time he walked to Indian-\\napolis he also went to Arkansas, but didn t stay. He married Ava-\\nrilla Bailey, daughter of Henry Bailey, in 1850. He moved to his\\npresent residence in 1865. They have four children. Mr. F. has two\\nhundred and forty acres of land which he puts mostly to grass, and\\npastures it. He is a member of the Knight s Branch church of United\\nBrethren.\\nDr. Samuel H. Vredenburgh, Higginsville, physician, is one of the\\noldest practitioners in this part of the county. He was born in Indi-\\nana on the 3d of September, 1820. His father was a Methodist preacher,\\nand the Doctor began life as a teacher. He followed this profession\\nfive years, and then changed off to the practice of medicine. He\\nbegan the latter at the age of twenty-six years. He came to Illinois in\\nJune, 1846, and began the practice of medicine in New Town. He has\\nsince remained in this part of the county, running a farming business\\nand practicing medicine. He belongs to the old school of allopathic\\npractice and has been quite successful in life. He still superintends\\nhis farm and waits upon the afflicted.\\nJohn Cessna, Hope, farmer, is a native of Ohio. He was born on\\nthe 29th of June, 1833. He lived there three years, and then moved\\nto near Toledo. The family then moved to Cairo, this state. At this\\ntime there were only three houses in Cairo. His father died there.\\nHe then went to Ohio and stayed till he came to this county, in the", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1036.jp2"}, "1037": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 921\\nfall of 1848. His mother had married again, and he came with the\\nfamily. He remained in Blount township till twenty-four years old,\\nand then went to California. He was on a ranch there two years. He\\ncame back in January, 1860, having had a profitable trip. He was\\nmarried on the 12th of July, 1862, to Ann R. Trnax. She died in\\nJanuary, 1876. They have five children. On the 1.4th of June, 1877,\\nMr. Cessna married Nancy J. Reed. They have one child. Mr. C.\\nbought first one hundred and twenty acres of land here, but has in-\\ncreased it to two hundred and twenty.\\nNathan Smoot, Pilot, farmer, was born in Ohio, on the 31st of\\nMarch, 1840. He came to this county in 1849, with his parents. They\\nstopped first in section 13, town 20, range 13. His father bought one\\nhundred and eighty-seven acres of land here. Nathan now has one\\nhundred and sixty. He was married on the 12th of October, 1871, to\\nMinnie Michener. He was in the 125th Reg., Co. I, under Capt. Vin-\\nson. He was with the regiment at all times, except when he had the\\nmeasles, at Bowling Green, Kentucky. He was then away from the\\nregiment only one month. Otherwise he was in all the actions of the\\n125th, and was mustered out with it at Washington. He is now com-\\nmissioner of highways in Pilot township; was elected in April, 1877.\\nHe has been assessor five years and collector one year. He was also\\ntown clerk for five years.\\nJ. C. Mosier, Pilot, farmer, lives in the east side of Pilot. His\\nfather s name was Solomon Mosier, who was born in Virginia, on the\\n15th of September, 1796. Solomon lived in Virginia till the war of\\n1812. He was in the latter part of this war. He came to Ohio in\\n1818, and from Ohio to Indiana in 1836. He came to Pilot and bought\\nhis home in 1848, and moved in 1849. He had five children. He died\\non the 1st of April, 1871. J. C. was elected justice of the peace in\\n1*874, and has been since. The Mosiers are noted for their intelligence,\\ntalent and general information. The father was particularly noted in\\nthe neighborhood as being well posted.\\nClapp Sumner, Pilot, farmer, a Yankee by birth and training, has\\nbecome thoroughly westernized. He was born in Corinth, Orange\\ncounty, Vermont, on the 19th of November, 1831. He remained there\\ntill twenty-one years old. He came to Vermilion in July, 1852. He\\nworked at the carpenter trade for two years, after first coming to Dan-\\nville. He came out to Pilot township in 1854. He owns forty acres\\nof land in section 13, town 20, range 13. He has lived in this part of\\nthe township since 1854. He married Mary Smoot in the spring of\\n1854. They have five children. Mr. Sumner was one of the charter\\nmembers of the New Town A.F. A.M. He was special deputy under", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1037.jp2"}, "1038": {"fulltext": "922 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMyers and Gregory for a number of years. He has been constable\\nsome time.\\nJ. K. Butz, Hope, farmer, is the elegant man of the township. He\\nwould take the premium for taste in fixing up his residence, and for\\nneat farming, too, perhaps. He was born in New Jersey, on the 17th\\nof September, 1835. He came with his father s family to Macon\\ncounty in 1852. He then came to Vermilion county in 1854. He\\nmarried Rebecca Tillotson in 1859. They have six children. They\\nmoved to the place where they now live in 1861. They have four\\nhundred acres there. They began on wild prairie, and now have one\\nof the finest farms in the state of Illinois. He keeps his place mostly\\nin grass, and raises stock. He has a great number of trees of different\\nkinds on his place, both fruit and forest trees. He is an active mem-\\nber of the Christian church, and by his efforts it has gained a good\\nfooting in his neighborhood.\\nJ. P. Tevebaugh, Pilot, farmer, is a native of Virginia. He was\\nborn in Hardy county on the 1st of July, 1835. At the age of twenty\\nhe came with his parents to Illinois and settled on Middle Fork, near\\nHigginsville. He has remained in this part of Vermilion county ever\\nsince that time. In 1858 he was married to Catharine McScott, daugh-\\nter of Charles McScott, of Pilot township. In 1867 they moved to\\nthe south side of Pilot township, where Mr. Tevebaugh bought eighty\\nacres of prairie. They have remained here have improved the wild\\nprairies, bought more land, and become independent. Mr. Tevebaugh\\nis a member of the New Town lodge of A.F. A.M., and has belonged\\nto the horse compauy for twenty years.\\nNewell E. Pice, Hope, farmer, was born in Alleghany county, New\\nYork, on the 22d of December, 1823. His father was a farmer, and\\ntaught his boy to be skillful in the art. Mr. Pice lived in New York\\ntill the 27th of August, 1855, when he started for Illinois. He stopped\\nin Danville in 1856. He went up to Will county, but came back and\\nbegan making ties on the T. W. W. P. P. He first farmed on the\\nSpencer farm. He was here one year, and then went to Warren county,\\nIndiana, and staid two years. He then staid one year on the Neal\\nfarm, and then went to southeast of Catlin and remained two years, and\\ncame to the west side of Pilot on the 11th of April, 1866. He has\\nremained here ever since. He married Vilinda B. Hartley in 1861.\\nShe died on the 29th of June, 1873. They had two sons. Mr. Rice\\nis a member of the A.F. A.M.\\nJacob A. Freese, Hope, farmer and shepherd, is noted for his fine\\nsheep. He has over two hundred American Merino. His main ram\\nthat he had a short time ago yielded fifteen pounds of wool at one", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1038.jp2"}, "1039": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 923\\nyear old, and when two and three years he gave twenty-three pounds.\\nHe also has a fine ewe that yields sixteen pounds every year. Quite\\na number yield ten pounds apiece on the average. He now has a tine\\nlamb, a few weeks old, worth $25. Mr. Freese came to Illinois from\\nOhio, where he was born, in 1836. He came, in 1856, to five miles\\nwest of Danville, and then to near Catlin, in 1862. In 1869 he came\\nto his present residence on section 11, T. 20, K. 14. He owns half of\\na section here. He was married in 1867 to Lisle Fleming, of Muskin-\\ngum county, Ohio. They have four children two sons and two\\ndaughters. Mr. Freese is a member of the New Town Lodge of A.F.\\nA.M.\\nE. B. Tillotson, Hope, farmer, is one of those men that you often\\nhear of when in their neighborhood, both on account of his public\\nspirit and his integrity as a man. He was born in New York on the\\n28th of December, 1811. He lived there only two years, and then\\ncame to Hamilton county, Ohio. Here he remained fourteen years,\\nand removed to Warren county, Indiana, in 1825. His parents both\\nlived and died in Warren county, Indiana. Here Mr. Tillotson re-\\nmained until January, 1856, when he came to section 31, T. 21, R. 13,\\nwhere he has since remained. He bought government land here then.\\nIt was comparatively cheap. He was married in 1833 to Mary Cronk-\\nhite. They have reared nine children. Mr. T. is a prominent member\\nof the Christian church. By his industry he has made a competency\\nand the desert to blossom as the rose.\\nCharles W. Keeslar, Pilot, farmer, president of the board of su-\\npervisors, deserves an extensive notice, but as we have not sufficient\\ndata, we must content ourselves with a bare outline. Mr. Keeslar was\\nborn in New York on the 13th of January, 1835. He went to Branch\\ncounty, Michigan, in 1837, and there he remained till 1858. At this\\ntime he came to Danville. Fourteen years ago he came to the farm\\nwhere he now lives. In October, 1860, he married Sarah Snyder.\\nThey have three children. Mr. Keeslar is now serving his ninth term\\nin the supervisor s court, and is president of the same. Township\\noffices have been put on him quite frequently, having always had the\\npleasure of holding some kind of an office. He is a member of the\\nChristian church, and of the New Town Lodge of A.F. A.M.\\nHe was one of the charter members of the last. He is also anxious\\ntiat it be known that he is a temperance man, and will not support\\nanyone who indulges.\\nLonzo Campbell, deceased, was a native of New York state. He\\nwas born near Adamsville on the 3d of June, 1824. Mr. Campbell\\ncame first to Cook county, and lived there a while. He came to Yer-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1039.jp2"}, "1040": {"fulltext": "924 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmilion county in 1859. He lived on his farm in Pilot township until\\nhis death on the 22d of July, 1871. His widow carries on the farm of\\ntwo hundred and forty acres, raising cattle and hogs, and conducting\\nother farming interests with a great deal of skill. In 1877 she built a\\nvery pretty residence at a cost of $1,000. She has only one child, a\\ndaughter fifteen years old. She has one of the most attractive resi-\\ndences in the township.\\nStill clinging to life at a good old age, we found Anthony Long, on\\nthe extreme border of the county. He was born in Pennsylvania,\\nnear Harrisburg, on the 5th of April, 1805. He lived there about\\ntwenty-one years. He began the carpenter s trade at seventeen. He\\nlived in various parts of Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio till 1851,\\nwhen he went to California. He went overland, and came back by\\nsea. He worked part of the time in the mines and part at his trade.\\nHe went back to Ohio and staid till 1863, when he came to this county.\\nHe has one hundred and twenty acres of land here. He was married\\ntwice, and had six children by his first wife and three by the second.\\nThose that are living are scattered abroad in different parts of the\\nUnion. Mr. Long has been a member of the M. E. church for a long\\ntime.\\nThomas Collison, Hope, farmer, is a native of England, having been\\nborn in the county of Kent on the 12th of April, 1836. He was\\nfarmer, and his father was farmer and huckster there. He was married\\nin April, 1849, and set sail for America the same spring. He went to\\nOneida after landing at Long Island from Oneida to Buffalo, and\\nthen to Cincinnati in 1851. He went to Bartholomew county in 1853.\\nIn 1864 he came to Danville, and remained six years, and then came\\nto the west end of Pilot. He bought two hundred and forty acres\\nwhere he now lives in 1869. He has seven children living. Mr. Col-\\nlison was a member of the Independents in England, but belongs to\\nthe Christians here. Mr. Collison had only five shillings when he\\nlanded in New York. His ancestors were wealthy, but were cheated\\nout of the property on the death of his grandfather.\\nSamuel Freese, Hope, farmer and dealer in fine stock, is one of the\\nneat farmers. He is not so extensive a dealer as some men in Pilot,\\nbut he maintains that all that he handles is his own. He is a native of\\nLicking county, Ohio, born in 1832. He remained in his native state\\ntill 1865, when he came to this county. He staid near Catlin seven\\nyears, and then went to Danville and remained two years, and then\\ncame to the southwest of Pilot township and bought eighty acres of\\nland. Mr. Freese has been dealing in American merino sheep. He\\nhas taken the prizes in nearly all the fairs in this part of the country.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1040.jp2"}, "1041": {"fulltext": "PILOT TOWNSHIP. 925\\nHe also keeps fine horses and cattle. His aim is to stock up his place\\nwith thoroughbreds of all stock. He married Mary E. Evans in 1857.\\nThey have six children. Mr. F. is a member of the A.F. A.M., and\\nalso of the M. E. church.\\nDennis S. Blew, Hope, farmer, was born in Champaign county, Ohio,\\non the 6th of November, 1833. He was reared on his father s farm in\\nthat county. He remained in that part of Ohio till April, 1866, when\\nhe came to section 10, range 14, town 20. They bought the place in\\n1877. Mr. Blew was married in Ohio, in 1856, to Lucy Hekner.\\nThey have live children. Van is the oldest, then come Henry H.,\\nAbraham H., Jesse J. and Cora A. Mr. Blew is laboring under a\\nchronic attack of disease that has made him unable to work for several\\nyears.\\nJacob V. Ludwig, Pilot, farmer, is a young farmer with flattering\\nprospects. He occupies one of the most desirable situations in the\\ncounty. He was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of\\nNovember, 1853. He came to this county in 1867. His father came\\nwith his two sons and bought four hundred and eighty-six acres of\\nland. There are. two hundred and forty acres in the farm that J. V.\\noccupies. He was married on the 20th of November, 1875, to Char-\\nlotte G. Stevens. They have two children. Mr. L. is a member of\\nthe New Town Lodge of A.F. A.M.\\nEzra Harrison, Hope, merchant, was born in Chautauqua county,\\nNew York, on the 24th of September, 1848. He was reared on a\\nfarm. He remained a farmer till of age. He came to this county\\nin 1867. He came to Danville first. His parents reside in this town-\\nship on a farm. Ezra began merchandising at Hope post-office, in\\nMarch, 1878. He has done a good business for a country store. He\\nremains in single blessedness, notwithstanding he is the only successful\\nmerchant and consequently the most desirable man in a large scope of\\nterritory.\\nElijah Henry, Potomac, farmer, was born in Mason county, Ken-\\ntucky, in 1836. He lived there till fifteen years old, when he came to\\nFountain county, Indiana. He remained in Indiana till 1871, when\\nhe came to Book waiters farm in Pilot township. He has lived here\\never since with the exception of three years that he spent in Muncie,\\nIllinois. In February, 1876, he married Mary Mahoma, of Fountain\\ncounty, Indiana.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1041.jp2"}, "1042": {"fulltext": "926 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nNEWELL TOWNSHIP.\\nThe pioneers were early attracted to this section of country. Its\\nrich soil, pure water, abundant timber, and picturesque configuration,\\nafforded strong inducements to them to accept with cheerfulness the\\ndeprivations of the border. The earlier settlers came mostly from\\nOhio and Kentucky. In those theaters of stirring experience they had\\nbeen trained to vigorous exercise and ingenious resource. Their capi-\\ntal steady and industrious habits, strong wills and constitutions was\\nthe best for the times and the circumstances; with little else, they\\ncame to build homes and to gather around them the ordinary conveni-\\nences of civilized life. To leave comfortable firesides and happy asso-\\nciations and emigrate to this wild region, was no trifling episode in\\ntheir lives. It was not unmixed with trials and difficulties, which\\nabounded with disheartening constancy. The splendor and mazy\\nactivities of the present day so monopolize our interest that we cannot\\ncontent ourselves, while looking back, to dwell on the picture long\\nenough to get a distinct view of objects. The failure, therefore, nigh\\nuniversal, to comprehend and appreciate the personal sacrifices of these\\nresolute men and women, is not surprising. But the fact, however, is\\nthe same that they laid the foundations of the local inheritance and\\nprosperity of this generation. To the Le Neves must be accorded the\\nhonor of making the first beginning in Newell township. In the fall\\nof 1823, Obadiah Le Neve journeyed on horse-back from Yincennes to\\nSt. Louis, and thence into Northeast Missouri, and on his homeward\\ntrip made a circuit in northern Illinois. With very correct judgment\\nhe pronounced the region enclosed in the present limits of Newell\\ntownship the best that he had seen. Obtaining the numbers of the\\nfollowing tracts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. i N.W. Sec. 23, and E. i N.E. Sec. 24, town\\n20 N., range 11 W., 3d principal meridian he returned home, and a\\npublic land sale shortly after occurring, he purchased those pieces.\\nJust prior to Christmas, in the year 1824, Obadiah and John Le Neve\\nleft their relations in Lawrence (then Crawford) county, Illinois, and\\nwith a team loaded with provisions and a small outfit of bedding, they\\nset out for their future home. A third person accompanied to take the\\nteam back. On arriving at their destination, they rived a few rails and\\nlaid up a square, chinking and filling the interstices with pulled grass,\\nand covering one half of the rude structure with puncheons. The\\nIndians were numerous, and came to their camp with freedom, and\\nbehaved in the most friendly manner. They never disturbed anything\\nwhile the men were away, though they often came about the place", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1042.jp2"}, "1043": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 927\\nduring their absence. They proved themselves honest and conscion-\\nable neighbors. When the pioneers spread their homely meals, the\\nIndians, if any were present, were invited to the repast, and they always\\naccepted with the best familiarity which hunger and gratitude could\\nprompt. The immigrants had other neighbors far less companionable.\\nThese were the wolves that came about in great numbers, making the\\nwoods resonant with their hideous nocturnal serenade. The two\\nbrothers had come to prepare for their ultimate removal, and during\\nthe whole winter, which they spent in this neighborhood, were splitting\\nrails. Toward the latter part of February they began to prepare for\\ntheir departure. They first erected a cabin on section 14, town 20,\\nabout forty rods west of where John Le Neve has always lived. This\\nwas for occupation by Ben. Butterfield, who was expected to arrive\\nsoon with his family. He came near the close of the month, and two\\nor three days later the Le Neves went back. The actual settlement of\\nNewell township was thus begun by Butterfield, in February, 1825.\\nIn the course of the summer and fall quite numerous additions were\\nmade to the number of inhabitants, as the following list will show:\\nJohn Current arrived from Virginia. The Howards Henry, Lack-\\nland, Amos, Aaron and Nathan and William and James Delay emi-\\ngrated from Ohio. Jeremiah Delay, son of James Delay, probably\\ncame at the same time. Oliver Miller settled on Stony Creek in sec-\\ntion 14. The Le Neves returned in November or December. Samuel\\nand John Adams and Joseph Martin came together, from Harrison\\ncounty, Kentucky. The first located on section 22, town 20, where he\\nhas always resided. William Newell, from the same place, settled on\\nsection 23, just east of Adams. John Lamb and his son Simeon\\n(Quakers), natives of North Carolina, came from Indiana. John\\nGoodener, Elijah Hale and John Swisher settled in the timber between\\nSamuel Adams and Solomon Rodrick s. Three brothers of John\\nSwisher Samuel, Lewis and Jacob also lived in the same neighbor-\\nhood, but the date of their settlement cannot be given. All these per-\\nsons were from Ohio. George Ware came to Vermilion county this\\nyear. He made a farm on section 16 in this township. The next year\\nAdam Starr came up from Georgetown. Samuel Swinford, Richard\\nBlair, William Adams, Edward Martin and James Newell came from\\nHarrison county, Kentucky. The last came the year before to examine\\nthe country, and entered land on section 10, on the 5th day of October.\\nAbraham and Frederick Stipp, from Virginia, settled on section 9.\\nJohn Watson settled in the south part of the township. In 1827 Will-\\niam Current, from Virginia, settled on section 36, town 20. David\\nTickle, Jacob and George Swisher, and Eli Hewitt, came from Ken-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1043.jp2"}, "1044": {"fulltext": "928 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntucky. Nathaniel Taylor settled in the Le Neve neighborhood, and\\nafterward went to Denmark. Joseph Gundy began improvements\\nnear Myersville, but did not bring his family until the next year.\\nLuke Wiles, from Indiana, settled across the Fork from Myersville.\\nIn 1828 Hugh Bolton and Solomon Rodrick emigrated from Ohio.\\nThe latter settled where he now lives, on section 34, town 20. Dr.\\nJohn Woods, a native of New York, located in the southeast part of\\nthe township as early as this year. It is believed that his father-in-law,\\nSupply Butterneld, came not far from this time. Those from Kentucky\\nwere Thomas Hendren, Jehu Chandler, Jacob Eckler, James Duncan\\nand his sons Asa, Alpha, Darius and James. In 1829 Ralph Martin\\nand his step-son John P. Lindsey, Henry Ferguerson, William Cun-\\nningham and his minor sons James and Joseph, Harrison Oliver,\\nGeorge W. Smith, Samuel Oliver and his son Bushrod, John Shafer,\\nand James and Andrew Makemson. arrived from Kentucky. Ambrose\\nAndrews and his family, including his son Ambrose Phelps, just then\\nof age, Nathaniel Glaze and family, Thomas Carter and family, Jacob\\nBumgardner, William Longshore, Robert Thornsburg, and John Stal-\\ncup, came together. Abram and Josiah Henkle, Henry Wood, Peter\\nStarr, a native of North Carolina, William G. Blair, a native of Ken-\\ntucky, Andrew Davison and his sons James and Robert, Virginians,\\nall came from Ohio. Samuel Torrence came this year or earlier. In\\n1830, George Stipp, Robert Price, Richard Brewer, William J. Barger,\\nand Consider Scott, a native of New York, came from Ohio. Valen-\\ntine Leonard and his sons-in-law, Charles S. Young, John Young and\\nOtho Allison, emigrated from Kentucky. The next year Caleb Worley\\narrived from Kentucky, and George French from Indiana. Louis\\nNeely came in 1832; also Daniel P. Huffman came from Kentucky.\\nJohn Campbell, and Samuel Campbell, jr., migrated from New York\\nin 1833. In the following year Harper J. and Joseph Campbell,\\nbrothers to these, and Samuel Campbell, sr., located in this township.\\nClarendon E. Loring, a native of Maine, came from Indiana. Zacha-\\nriah Robertson, Jacob Huffman, John Deck and John Rutledge,\\narrived from Kentucky. Michael Deck probably came at the same\\ntime. Jacob Deck, a Pennsylvanian, settled here in 1835. John\\nStipp, a brother to those who had already located in the township, and\\nJohn Williams, recently from England, came about this time. The\\nfollowing is a list of early settlers who came perhaps not later than\\n1835: Armenus Miller, Michael and James Leonard, Edward Morgan,\\nSamuel Briarly, Isaiah Treat, William Stevens, a preacher, Robert\\nLayton, from Kentucky, Abel and Vatchel Newborough, Duncan\\nLindsey, a man named Long, and another named Moss. The latter", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1044.jp2"}, "1045": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 929\\nbuilt a tannery on section 26, town 20, but in 1834 sold his place to\\nSamuel Campbell, sr., and settled in Danville township, where he built\\nanother tannery.\\nHenry Wood came from Ohio about 1829, arriving in October. He\\nsplit rails and laid up a square, covering it with clapboards, which he also\\nrived, and this he occupied for a house. Mrs. Wood, with her four chil-\\ndren, used to stay alone in this place over night while her husband was\\naway at the Wabash after provisions. The wolves and Indians abound-\\ned in the neighborhood, seemingly in equal numbers; but, fortunately\\nfor Mrs. Wood s equanimity of mind, the former exhibited the greater\\nanxiety to cultivate acquaintance. By Christmas they had a more\\nsubstantial habitation enclosed. Though neither door nor floor was\\nmade, nor chinking and daubing done, they were forced to occupy it.\\nOne day about midwinter the Henkles came over, and the three men\\nchinked and daubed the house. That night it set in cold, and con-\\ntinued so a long time. The fire-place was planked up only as high as\\nthe mantel, and their experience with a smoking chimney was in-\\ndeed distressing. In course of time, as opportunity was given, the\\nfloor was put down, the door hung, and the flue raised to its proper\\nheight. This is a specimen of the experience of quite a number who\\ncame early. Those who came later were generally in better circum-\\nstances. They had means to enter a little piece of land for a home,\\nsome eighty, some one hundred and twenty, and a few one hundred\\nand sixty acres. Until they had built and become settled they camped\\nout and bunked down in the most convenient manner. As a rule, all\\nhad to struggle hard to get a living, and were content if they could\\nmake a few scanty improvements. Making rails became the staple\\nemployment for those who could spare any time from home, and they\\neagerly sought the opportunity to work for thirty-seven and a hall\\ncents per hundred, and did not feel themselves unfortunate if they got\\nbut twenty-five.\\nIn the summer and fall of 1832 John Johnson worked on the\\nWabash, rafting logs. He came home on foot Saturday nights, a dis-\\ntance of thirty miles, bringing on his back provisions for his family.\\nThe hard situation of all things was so grievously borne by many that,\\ncould they have returned, they would gladly have accepted any occa-\\nsion. About all they possessed was required of them to reach the\\nplace, and then it was only through much fortitude that they could\\nremain, even after it seemed impossible for them to depart. It may\\nseem strange to the later generation in Newell township that any dis-\\ncontent should ever have been excited by the course of life here, and\\nthat there could have been a heart that yearned to leave the place for-\\n59", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1045.jp2"}, "1046": {"fulltext": "930 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\never; but many bitter thoughts and burning tears of women have\\nindelibly impressed on the memories of many venerable ones now\\nliving, in the midst of every comfort, the simple story of their trials.\\nSickness added more, perhaps, to the discouragements of those who\\nwere heart-sick in their new homes than any other thing. The preva-\\nlent diseases were ague, typhoid fever, milk sickness and congestive\\nchills. Usually in summer and fall, sickness prevailed to a melancholy\\nextent throughout the country very often, whole families were down\\ntogether. Dr. John Woods was the first regular physician. James\\nMakemson borrowed books and studied physic with the view to treat\\nhis own family, and his success soon became so conspicuous that his\\nneighbors began to employ him, and in a little time he had a good\\npractice and reputation.\\nJames Makemson was one of the earliest blacksmiths. He worked\\nsome at his trade in connection with farming, until he got to doctoring.\\nWilliam Current, though not a shoemaker by trade, began doing such\\nwork as soon as he came. Richard Brewer, who came a little later,\\nwas a regular tradesman. Customers bought leather at Moss and Tay-\\nlor s tanneries, and employed the shoemakers to manufacture it into\\nboots and shoes. The tanneries furnished a considerable business to\\nthe people in peeling and hauling bark, which increased either their\\navailable funds or their stock of leather. Their harnesses, which were\\nof the chain-tug pattern, were home-made. The collars were fast at the\\ntop, and had to be forced over the horses heads.\\nThe hard winters, universally mentioned as such, were in 1830-1\\nand 1831-2. Deep snows covered the ground all winter. The first\\nwas the more remarkable for the depth of snow and the severity of the\\nweather. The snow began falling on the 27th of December, 1830, and\\nlay on until March. Fences were buried out of sight. First a thaw\\nand a rain came, and afterward a freeze, forming a crust, when stock\\nroamed about at will, and teams were driven over fences and fields.\\nThe eaves of the houses did not drip for forty-one days. Game of all\\nkinds perished in great numbers. Deer became a prey to the wolves\\nwho pursued them to the woods, where they slumped so as to be una-\\nble to escape, and were devoured. Wild turkeys totally disappeared.\\nAt the time of which we write, the inhabitants of this region, lack-\\ning the agents of locomotion which annihilate time and space, were\\nremoved from the markets of the world by toilsome distances.\\nFlat-boating soon became general. Boats built on the Wabash were\\ncommonly about one hundred and twenty feet long and fourteen feet\\nwide, but those constructed on the Vermilion were about sixty feet\\nlong. A Yermilion boat was manned by a steersman and two oarsmen.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1046.jp2"}, "1047": {"fulltext": "NKWELL TOWNSHII 931\\nThese boats were laden for New Orleans, and the freight comprised\\nhogs, staves, poultry, produce, hoop-poles, baled hay, barreled pork,\\netc. The hogs and poultry were not fully fattened when put aboard,\\nbut became so on the trip, which lasted about six weeks. This time\\nincluded numerous stoppages at points along the Mississippi, tor trad-\\ning with merchants and planters. They sold their boats and cargoes\\nfor what they could get, and then returned,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 some on foot, some buy-\\ning horses or mules and riding; but all, however, taking care to keep\\nwell back from the river, to avoid the numerous banditti who infested\\nthe shores. After the steamboats got to plying the rivers they came\\nback on them. William Guthrie was one who did much of this busi-\\nness. He walked back from New Orleans two or three times. Will-\\niam Martin was another.\\nBefore the invention of matches, people used flint and steel to strike\\nfire, igniting a piece of tow with the sparks. On one cold winter morn-\\ning, at the house of George W. Smith, the flint and steel would not\\nfulfill their office, and one of the family was dispatched to a neighbor s\\nfor a coal. Mrs. Smith could not wait so long, so placing a handful of\\ntow in the fire-place, she charged the gun with powder and fired into it,\\nwhen she soon had a blazing hearth.\\nDENMARK.\\nThis ancient town, situated on the left bank of the North Fork, two\\nmiles above Danville, was settled by Seymour Treat, probably in 1826.\\nIn Coffeen s Hand-Book of Vermilion County we find this informa-\\ntion: The first settler within the present limits of this county was\\nSeymour Treat, in 1819, or perhaps in 1820. He came with a man by\\nthe name of Blackburn, to the salt springs, on Salt Fork, for the pur-\\npose of manufacturing salt. He afterward settled Denmark and built\\na saw-mill at that place. Treat s mill was a corn cracker and saw-\\nmill combined. He was the first blacksmith in Newell township, and\\nbesides operating his mill, worked some at his trade.\\nIn a few years a considerable settlement had been made. Two dry-\\ngoods stores were started, one belonging to Alexander Bailey and the\\nother to Stebbins Jennings. Probably the former was the first estab-\\nlished in business. He attained to much local prominence. Jennings\\nwas gifted with practical talents. His acquirements, also, were good\\nfor the times. He took a leading interest in business and educational\\nconcerns, and was freely intrusted with responsible duties. James\\nSkinner, too, was an early settler and prominent citizen. He kept a\\nstore, and with William McMillin, purchased the mill from Treat. It\\nis said by some that he opened the first inn. McMillin came from", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1047.jp2"}, "1048": {"fulltext": "932 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nFranklin county, Ohio, about the latter part of 1832. He was a\\nfarmer. Before there was a tavern in the place he regularly furnished\\nentertainment to whomsoever drew up to his door. Jonathan Patter-\\nson settled here in quite an early day, and opened a public house.\\nRobert and Thomas Wyatt and John Williams, also came quite early,\\nthe latter in 1834 or 1835, and the others about the same time. These\\nand some others had, at different times, an interest in the mill. The\\nWyatts were the last owners who ran it with profit, either to them-\\nselves or the community at large. Williams kept a general store.\\nJohn Hunt and John Hathaway kept groceries. Several of these were\\nsupported in the place. A grocery was what is now called a saloon.\\nOnly liquors were kept and sold. Abel and Vatchel Newborough\\nwere early blacksmiths. John Young had a smithy in the neighbor-\\nhood, across the Fork. John Knox, who settled in Blount, worked\\nhere at the shoemaker s trade. Solomon Kooder was the carpenter.\\nHe built the first bridge across the North Fork, which was located at\\nthe Denmark Crossing. Nathaniel Taylor, who settled in the Le Neve\\nneighborhood about 1828, came the following year to Denmark and\\nstarted a tan-yard. About 1835 an independent rifle company was\\norganized, and regularly drilled here. William G. Blair was the cap-\\ntain.\\nDenmark was laid out before Danville. During the final agitation\\nof the county-seat question a strong effort was made to have the seat\\nof justice located here. This desired object was nearly realized. As\\nthe history of this matter will be fully related in its proper connection\\nelsewhere, no details upon the subject will be attempted at this point.\\nDenmark became a noted place. The bad name it received was first\\ndeserved. Whisky brought it to ruin. Brawls and street tights were\\nan everyday occurrence. Religious worship was scarcely known.\\nDaniel Fairchild preached there some at an early time, but the obdu-\\nracy of the place evidently caused it to be abandoned in despair.\\nFrom 1835 to 1842 was the period of its greatest prosperity.\\nBLACKHAWK WAR.\\nNewell township, as well as other sparsely settled localities which\\ncontributed men, felt the serious burden of the Blackhawk war. The\\ndemand for volunteers fell chiefly and heavily on the frontier settle-\\nments. While these, lying first in the pathway of the savages, were\\nthe more concerned in the events of the war, they also needed, more\\nthan people in the remoter and older settlements, their whole time to\\nraise a crop, and to fit up comfortable abodes. Those most exposed to\\ndanger are always justly expected to evince the greater alacrity, and to", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1048.jp2"}, "1049": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 933\\nmake the greater sacrifice for their defense. So it devolved upon\\nthese people to leave the plow in the furrow, with but a part of the\\nsod turned, and much of that implanted, and to shoulder their pieces\\nand go from the fields of domestic peace and rural song to those which\\nresounded with Indian yells and mortal conflict. The following is\\nbelieved to be a complete list of those who went from this township\\nCharles S. Young, Asa Duncan, Alpha Duncan, James Cunningham,\\nAmbrose P. Andrews, Bushrod Oliver, Obadiah Le Neve, John Le\\nNeve, William Current, William G. Blair, Soam Jennings, John Deck,\\nSamuel Swinford, Jacob Eckler, Jeremiah Delay, John Watson, George\\nWare and Alexander Bailey. The two last commanded companies.\\nBailey s was the largest in Col. Moore s regiment. John Young went\\ntoo, but, notwithstanding he was a leading spirit in Denmark, he does\\nnot properly belong to Newell township, for he lived across the Fork.\\nThe only percussion-gun in the regiment was one owned and brought\\nfrom Virginia by Abraham Stipp. Uncle Charles Young borrowed it\\nfrom Stipp, and bore it through the campaign. The people left at home\\nwere harassed with racking apprehensions, and, as a consequence, kept\\nin continual readiness for surprise or flight. After the axes and pitch-\\nforks had been brought inside at night, all the doors were safely barred.\\nMany retired for rest haunted with the terrible fear that they would\\nbe killed and scalped before morning. Only a part at a time laid\\ndown, and those never with left-off clothing. The horses were kept\\nstanding in harness, and the wagons with covers on. Dishes and\\nhousehold utensils were buried. Only a few, to be placed in the wagon\\nat the alarm, were reserved from concealment for present use. The\\nnumber of those who died a thousand deaths in fearing one was in\\nextravagant disproportion to the number actually harmed, for there\\nwere a good many of the former and none of the latter.\\nThe volunteers, having returned home, set themselves industriously\\nat work mauling rails to make a support, as they had lost by their\\nservice the season for raising a crop.\\nTHE MORMONS.\\nThe Mormon church was organized by Joseph Smith at Manchester,\\nOntario county, New York, on the 6th of April, 1830. This delusion\\nwas energetically propagated, and at once spread into Pennsylvania,\\nOhio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. No later than the following year\\nmissionaries, in the persons of Orson and Parley Pratt, appeared in\\nNewell township. The former is now a prominent leader in the\\nchurch at Salt Lake City. His brother Parley is represented as having\\nbeen the abler and more eloquent of the two. It is conceded that he", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1049.jp2"}, "1050": {"fulltext": "934 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas one of the brightest intellectual lights in the church of the Latter\\nDay Saints. The center of their operations was in Blount township.\\nThe first preaching point they made in Newell was at the house of\\nOliver Miller. Afterward they occupied the Eckler school-house, and\\nmade appointments at Harrison Oliver s and Jehu Chandler s. The\\nlatter neither joined them nor approved their customs. Elders Sherer,\\nGeorge Morey, Coon, Packard, Jackoway, and perhaps others, labored\\nin disseminating the Mormon doctrine. Very bitter opposition was\\nencountered from some. In preaching, they called themselves the\\nchildren of the kingdom they pretended to heal the sick, and talked\\nsome of raising the dead, but made very little point of this last ingre-\\ndient of the imposture. The efficacy of their treatment consisted in the\\nlaying on of hands. In several instances they tested their healing\\npowers with ignominious failure. Consider Scott was one of their first\\nconverts. Harrison Oliver, Louis Neely and Oliver Miller also em-\\nbraced their doctrine, and, taking their families, went to Independence,\\nMissouri, with the missionaries, when the latter shook the dust of\\nNewell township from their feet. A number who had joined them\\nrefused to follow.\\nThe following grotesque incident is related The Mormon elders\\nmade a convert of one Robert Baxter, an itinerant tailor, who was as\\ndeaf as a stone. A day was fixed for his baptism at Denmark; he\\nattended punctually. It was winter, and pretty cold. On approaching\\nthe water he looked up and all around as if in torturing doubt whether\\nto be plunged beneath the chilly wave, or openly and flatly to retract\\nhis profession before a crowd of gaping spectators. At length, with an\\nuneasy twitch of his shoulders and a toss of his head, he cried out,\\nabruptly, in wretched voice, I guess I ll withdraw Oh, no you\\nmust not withdraw now, said the officiating elder. He looked pain-\\nfully about him again for a moment, then blurted out, excitedly, I\\nguess I ll withdraw! and at the same instant broke and ran at the\\ntop of his speed till he was out of sight.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nKentucky and Ohio gave liberally to Newell township of the flower\\nof their emigrant population. These people had been reared in com-\\nmunities where habits of thrift and general intelligence were promi-\\nnent objects of private care and public patronage. That they should\\ncherish the sentiments which underlie these constituents of societary\\nand political growth which are the pabulum of the state and labor\\nto cultivate the same in their new position, was to be looked for with\\njust expectation. They engaged early in organizing schools, and socie-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1050.jp2"}, "1051": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. )35\\nties for religions worship. The pioneer log school-house was one of\\nthe simplest, yet most celebrated, institutions that has figured in the\\nsettlement of our country. It was built of round or hewed logs, and\\ncontained one room. Puncheons covered the floor; a rude fire-place\\nin one end reached nearly from corner to corner: in the other end an\\nopening had been made by leaving out a log, and in this upright\\npieces were placed at proper intervals, and oiled paper pasted on\\nthem to admit light. The furniture consisted of rough benches. Pins\\nwere driven into the logs, or wooden hooks fastened up, on which the\\nboys hung their caps, and the girls their hoods and shawls. At the\\nwindow a long writing-board was put up, with the customary pitch,\\nand a bench which reached across the room was placed before this\\ndesk. Here, in the flood of light, the scholars practiced their copies.\\nThis period antedates the establishment of the free system by the\\nstate. Schools had to be inaugurated by direct exertion, and supported\\nby private contribution, and only those who paid received their ben-\\nefits. School-houses were built in the same voluntary manner. The\\nsettlers met at a place agreed on for the site; some cut down the trees,\\nothers hauled them up while another set of hands were employed\\nin cutting, saddling and putting them in place in the building. On\\nthe frontier, where the distribution of labor was little equalized, and all\\nmen had to depend principally on their own hands to fabricate ar-\\nticles of necessity, most people were more or less skillful with tools.\\nIn the public gatherings of this kind, the best workmen took the\\nlead and did the most particular portions of the work. Schools were\\nnot limited to those houses alone which were built for that purpose,\\nbut vacant cabins, suitably located and not less commodious than the\\nschool-houses themselves, were customarily devoted to this use. Who-\\never proposed to organize a school, went around among the settlers\\nand took subscriptions for the number of scholars that each would send.\\nIf a stranger came into the settlement and announced a like inten-\\ntion, someone would volunteer to accompany and introduce him to\\nall interested in that object. The usual price paid was $1.00 and $1.50\\nper term of three months for each scholar, but sometimes twenty-five\\ncents extra were added for a winter term to pay for fuel. Often those\\nwhose financial ability would permit, and who were much concerned\\nto have a school, would subscribe for three or four scholars when they\\nhad not more than half the number. Others, who had three or four\\nold enough to be instructed, could subscribe, perhaps, for only one, and\\nwould divide the attendance among them, or between the two older,\\nby sending them alternately a week at a time. Heading, writing,\\nspelling and ciphering comprised the studies.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1051.jp2"}, "1052": {"fulltext": "936 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThe first school-house in Newell township was on section 23, at the\\nfour corners just east of Samuel Adams situated on William Newell s\\nland, and was called the Newell school-house. It was built in 1827.\\nA man named Scott, who is described as a good-natured, fatherly old\\nsoul, was the first teacher. The second was Duncan Lindsey. He\\ndirected the shooting ideas of the young with frequent and vigorous\\napplications of the hickory. Corporal punishment was little remarked\\nin those days, and was, as a rule, laid on in scripture quantity, accord-\\ning to the inexorable dictates of supposed duty. It is not to be\\ndoubted that Duncan Lindsey used the rod with a zeal worthy of a\\nholy cause. His liberal disposition in this respect left impressions\\nwhich are distinct to this day. This man s scholars learned well,\\nand in other respects he taught a good school. Present methods of\\nschool government are in striking contrast to this barbarous and de-\\ngrading recourse for correction. The second was known as the Eekler\\nschool-house, and was built on land owned by Jacob Eekler. It was\\nsituated between Joseph W. Osborne s and William R. Campbell s. A\\nperson riding along that road will not fail to see a large beautifully\\nspreading walnut tree standing in the southwest corner of Mr. Os-\\nborne s pasture. Just back of that a few paces was the site of this\\nhouse. It was built in the fall of 1830. Valentine Leonard, who\\ncame with his family about that time, lived in it the following winter.\\nThe next summer the first school was opened, with Miss Elizabeth\\nStipp as teacher.\\nAs early as 1833 a school-house stood on the banks of the North\\nFork, about eighty rods south of Denmark. Mary Beasly, Noah\\nSapp and Elizabeth Stipp were among the earliest teachers. After\\na few years the building was abandoned, and a private house in Den-\\nmark used. The latter is yet standing. The Lamb school-house,\\nlocated on the southeast corner of section 26, was built about 1835. It\\nhad a window on each side, consisting of a single row of 8x10 inch\\npanes placed close up to the eaves, and running the whole length of\\nthe building. Among the teachers at this place may be mentioned\\nRobert Price, John McKee, J. Poor and James A. Davis. An inci-\\ndent is related as having transpired at this school-house The door\\nfastened on the outside by means of a padlock. An irate youth whom\\nthe teacher had just punished, went out and secured the door, and then\\nclimbed on top of the building and covered the chimney. Coming\\ndown, he seated himself on a log to await developments and to enjoy\\nhis revenge. Blinded and almost suffocated by smoke, the school was\\nsoon in exasperated confusion. At length the teacher thought to ex-\\ntinguish the fire from the water-pail, when one of the boys crawled up", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1052.jp2"}, "1053": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 937\\nthe flue and uncovered it. The Cunningham school-house was built\\nabout 1840, and for a number of years stood some distance west of its\\npresent site. Levi Cronkhite is said to have been the first teacher.\\nSince 1858 the town elections have been held at this place. Wonder-\\nful and happy changes have occurred in Newell township, but in noth-\\ning is the revolution greater than in the matter of the education of the\\nyouth. The old log hut with its puncheon seats and paper windows,\\nhas given way to comfortable little temples of learning, with the mod-\\nern patent iron-framed desks. Blackboards, charts and apparatus,\\nwhich in the pioneer times were unknown, now tempt the willing feet\\nrapidly along the path and up the hill of science.\\nRELIGIOUS HISTORY.\\nThe first preaching in Newell township was at the house of Win.\\nDelay, in 1826. One day a Methodist preacher was passing, and Mr.\\nDelay invited him to stop, and before he left he delivered a sermon to\\nthe neighbors who had been collected to hear him. The Delay class\\nwas immediately organized, and circuit preaching begun. Mr. Delay\\nand his wife Susan were original members. At different times between\\nthis date and 1835 the following, with many others whose names can-\\nnot be obtained, joined the society Mary Boston, Anthony Howard,\\nJohn Brewer and his wife, Lavina; Aunt Polly Makemson, and her\\nhusband, James Makemson Christina Brewer, Sarah Rodrick, Jane\\nand Jacob Delay, Aunt Polly Current and her husband, William Cur-\\nrent. Aunt Polly Current is the only living representative of this\\nclass. The next point was at Peter Starr s. Services were commenced\\nthere soon after his settlement in the township, in the fall of 1829.\\nThis was a stated place of worship for several years, and became a\\nnoted resort for christian people. The genuine piety and hospitality\\nof Mr. and Mrs. Starr endeared them to all the brethren. Mother\\nStarr still lives at a very advanced age, to cheer the hearts of her chil-\\ndren. The Eckler school-house, in the same neighborhood, was also\\nused for services, and by several denominations. The Methodists, Pre-\\ndestinarian Baptists, the Disciples or Campbellites, and a sect distin-\\nguished by the local name of Radical Methodists all had classes here.\\nJames Harshy and Wrisley were the first Methodist preachers either\\none or the other filled the appointment fortnightly. James Norris was\\nthe first to the Baptists, and Dr. Hall the first to the Disciples. An-\\nother prominent preaching place was at Jeremiah Delay s. Subse-\\nquently, meetings were held several years at John Johnson s and Wm.\\nG. Blair s. The United Brethren held monthly meetings at Samuel\\nAdams a few years, and afterward at the Newell school-house. The", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1053.jp2"}, "1054": {"fulltext": "938 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nChristians held meetings in an early day at William Cunningham s.\\nSome of the earliest preachers in that denomination were Dr. Hall,\\nWalters, Hibbs, Watson Clark, Solomon McKinney, John Ashb}^, Sears,\\nLaw and Thunnan.\\nIn 1834 or 1835 the christian society called Walnut Corners church\\nwas organized, and held meetings at the house of William Cunning-\\nham and at the Eckler school-house. Several years later the place of\\nworship was changed to the Cunningham school-house, a very good\\nframe building for those days. In the summer of 1850 the meeting-\\nhouse at the Corners was built, Frank Stevens and Samuel Mussulman\\nbeing employed to do the work. It is a low-post building 30x40\\nfeet. Its cost cannot be known. Money was subscribed and work\\ngiven by the people, regardless of church or other affiliations. It was\\nerected as a Union house, though its control has either been assumed\\nby the Christians or left to them by general consent. Its pulpit has\\nbeen freely used by ministers of all denominations. About nine years\\nago the larger part of the Christian society settled in State Line City,\\nand built an edifice there, but the brethren remaining in the vicinity\\nof the old church preserved their membership with the majority.\\nAfter standing unused, and in a dilapidated state, for some time, the\\nhouse was lately repaired, receiving fresh coats of paint and plastering,\\nand it is now in a condition for indefinite use. The repairs were made\\nby the community at large. This was the first frame church ever\\nerected in Newell township. At present the pulpit is not regularly\\nsupplied. A flourishing Sunday-school is maintained in the summer-\\ntime.\\nThe Asbury church building is Methodist property, and was erected\\nin 1851. The community contributed the timbers and hauled all the\\nmaterial. The work was done by Frank Stevens and a man named\\nWilson. About $700 in cash were distributed by the society in its\\nconstruction. It is 26x36 feet, low-posted, and what would be\\ncalled an old church. The frame is of the old-fashioned kind, and con-\\nsequently substantial. Should the building be kept in repair there can\\nbe no doubt that it will outlast many more imposing structures. It is\\nsituated on land given for the purpose by William Current, sr., in sec-\\ntion 36, town 20. The house was consecrated on the 4th of April,\\n1852, Elder Fairbanks preaching the dedication sermon. Religious\\nservices are held once every three weeks. Rev. G. B. Goldsmith is\\nthe preacher in charge the present year. A Sunday-school is kept up\\nthrough the summer season.\\nThe Christian church, called Pleasant View, is located in the Leon-\\nard settlement. The society was organized at the Nauvoo school-house", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1054.jp2"}, "1055": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 939\\nwere an\\nabout the year 1848 or 1849. Among the original members\\nold lady named Morris, Abram Long and his wife Barbara, Elizabeth\\nClapp, Augustine Clapp, and a few others. In the course of the first\\nyear numerous additions were made. Isaac Emily, who was so nearly\\nblind that on dark days he was obliged to have a guide, was the first\\nminister. He was a noted organizer of churches, both in Illinois and\\nIndiana. He and his successor, Z. M. Wilkins, were the leading spirits\\nof this society. Samuel Gregory and Absalom Kearny were the two\\nnext elders. In the summer of 1852 a house of worship, 30x40 feet\\nin size, was built at a cost of $1,200. The site was donated by Squire\\nLeonard. Four years ago it underwent a general refitting, and is at\\npresent in first-rate condition. This organization was once very numer-\\nous, having as many as three hundred. Though now decreased to one\\nhundred and fifty, it may yet be said to be strong. The church enjoys\\na fair degree of prosperity. The Eev. Jones is pastor the current year.\\nOn the 11th of June, 1871, Mahlon Thrapp and his wife Sarah,\\nMrs. Francis F. Scott, Elizabeth Campbell and Mary Knott organized\\na United Brethren society, and arranged for holding regular monthly\\nmeetings. Mr. Thrapp and the local preacher at Danville, George\\nHolycross, conducted the services. The former was appointed class-\\nleader. In the fall the Rev. William Coffman was stationed at Dan-\\nville, and this charge was attached to his circuit. At his first ministra-\\ntion Ruth Saunders and Martha Campbell united with the church.\\nA protracted meeting was commenced at an early day and eighteen\\nwere added to the membership. In the following spring subscriptions\\nwere taken for erecting a house of worship. The undertaking received\\nliberal encouragement, and before autumn the house was built. Farm-\\ners Chapel is a plain, substantial structure, supported by a brick under-\\npinning. Its size is 30x40 feet. Its cost was $1,400, exclusive of\\nconsiderable donations of labor. Alexander Johnson gave an acre of\\nground for a church and a grave-yard. It is situated in the Blair neigh-\\nborhood on section 21. The membership is fifty-seven, and the class,\\nof which Francis F. Scott is leader, is in a nourishing condition. Reg-\\nularly on the 1st of May of each year a Sabbath-school is organized and\\nmaintained in excellent life, until the cold weather and the bad roads\\nof winter render its discontinuance expedient. During the winter sea-\\nson a regular weekly prayer-meeting is kept up.\\nMYERSVILLE.\\nThe first improvement in Myersville was the Chrisman mill, which\\nformed a nucleus for this once thriving and important village. The\\nGundys, Davisons, Henkles, Wiles, Kerr, Wood, Andrews, Carter,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1055.jp2"}, "1056": {"fulltext": "940 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nGlaze, Barger and a few others were living in a cordon around the\\nplace. In 1838 Peter Chrisman, of Indiana, bought the mill site and\\ncommenced work on the building. He designed erecting a combined\\nsaw and grist mill, but when the first was up, and before the second\\nwas begun, his son, Joseph, was killed while prosecuting the work,\\nwhich melancholy event so affected him that he left it unfinished. A\\nsharp ridge lay transversely to the mill-race which the men were cut-\\nting, and it was determined to tunnel it to avoid removing so much\\nearth. Young Chrisman had driven the digging too far without prop-\\nping up the immense weight overhead, and it broke down, instantly\\ncrushing him to death. This occurred in February, 1839. The exact\\nspot of this accident is pointed out at the north side of the bridge\\nacross the race. In the fall Chrisman sold the property to a man\\nnamed Koontz, living in Indiana. He employed John and Samuel\\nMyers, who were millwrights, to come and complete the work which\\nwas begun. They arrived in the spring of 1840, and not long after-\\nward bought out Koontz. Early in 1841 they removed their families\\nfrom Indiana. These brothers, besides running the saw-mill, at once\\nput in a run of stones, and also set a carding-mill in operation. In\\nJune, 1843, they raised the grist-mill. This last is the only one re-\\nmaining. They owned and operated it nearly twenty years. It has\\nbeen a paying property. Joseph Smith, of Danville, is the present\\nowner. William and Andrew Zeigler, of Attica, Indiana, built the\\nfirst store and sold the first goods in the place. William Briggs suc-\\nceeded them, and he in turn was bought out by Green Gundy\\n(Joseph Gundy) in the spring of 1852. Columbus Crossen started the\\nfirst wagon shop, and Thomas L. Silvey was one of the earliest black-\\nsmiths. Dr. John B. Holloway located here as early as 1844, and\\nopened a drug store, but he was not an early settler. Early in 1854\\nAndrew Gundy took charge in his own name of the business previous-\\nly carried on by Green Gundy. In 1857 he retailed $36,000 worth\\nof goods from the establishment. His business embraced corn and\\nwool-buying, and the feeding of cattle and hogs, and this branch by\\nitself considerably exceeded $100,000 that year. People came here for\\ndistances of seventy miles to trade and to get milling done. That in-\\ntoxicating liquors were never sold in this place is the best possible evi-\\ndence of the high social and moral character of the people. Joseph\\nGundy and the Myers owned the land, and they guarded the interests\\nof the little community as men having a lively sense of their responsi-\\nbility, and of the evils of this costly and unholy traffic. Myersville\\nhas always excelled in celebrations of our national holiday. The pretty\\nlocation of the place upon the North Fork, the adjoining wood, and", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1056.jp2"}, "1057": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. \u00c2\u00bb41\\nthe public spirit of the citizens, have contributed to recommend it to\\neverybody. The matrons of the place have always borne a prominent\\npart in these affairs, and it is but jnst to add that their spirit and their\\nservices were indispensable. Aunt Sarah Holloway, Aunt Susan Hea-\\nden, Aunt Katie Duncan, Mrs. Joseph Smith and Mrs. Ava Tuttle\\nconstitute this roll of honor. The first post-office established here was\\ncalled Myers Mills, but owing to some irregularity it was discontinued\\nfor awhile, and when it was reestablished was named Myersville. Prior\\nto this change the village had always been designated by the first name.\\nBefore they had a post-office in this place the people got their mail at\\nSamuel Gilbert s, in Ross township.\\nThe early history of the Methodist society at Myersville is nearly\\ndissolved under the triturating wheels of time. As near as we have\\nbeen able to ascertain, it came into existence as a complete organization\\nabout 1840. James Davison, Henry Wood and his wife, Jesse Wood,\\nRobert and Elizabeth Davison, Nathaniel Glaze and Joseph Kerr are\\nall the original members who can now be recalled. All these were\\npillars in the church, but this distinction is particularly applied to\\nJames Davison. Meetings were held at Henry Wood s, John Hum-\\nphrey s, James Davison s, and the Kerr school-house. In 1854 the\\nmeeting-house at Myers Mills (since Myersville) was built, and called\\nWesley Chapel. It is thirty by forty feet on the ground, one story of\\nfourteen feet, four windows on each side, and two in one end. It is a\\nheavy, substantial frame, and cost $1,375. On the 28th of July John\\nB. and Sarah Jane Holloway conveyed the site in fee simple to the\\ntrustees. The church is experiencing some lukewarmness, but there\\nare hopeful indications of a recovery of interest. The society num-\\nbers about sixty members. A flourishing Sabbath-school has been do-\\ning continuous work for the four last years. Joshua A. Shockley is\\nthe superintendent. The Rev. G. B. Goldsmith has been the pastor\\nduring the last conference year.\\nBISMAEK.\\nThe Coal Branch of the C. E. I. R. R., which intersects the main\\nline at this place, was surveyed and built in 1872. Charles S. Young\\nand Dr. John B. Holloway each gave twenty acres of land for a town\\nsite. John Myers added ten acres, reserving the alternate lots and\\nselling the remainder to the railroad company. The town was laid\\nout in the fall. The first building put up in the place was by Robert\\nKerr, a year or more anterior to the laying out of the town, and was\\nused for a store. He was succeeded by John Leonard and Asa Bush-\\nnell. The latter bought out the former, and, entering into partnership", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1057.jp2"}, "1058": {"fulltext": "942 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwith Francis M. Gundy, they erected a commodious building, and are\\nnow keeping a general store. They also deal largely in hogs and some\\nin cattle. William Tate first sold lumber and bought corn. He put up\\nseveral buildings. At the end of two years he sold out to John R.\\nCarter, who is engaged in the grain trade. Green Phillips kept a\\ngrocery and provision store two years, and were succeeded by the\\nPhillips Brothers, who are not now in business. In the winter of\\n1871-2 the post-office was removed from Myersville to Bismark.\\nRobert Kerr was the first postmaster. Asa M. Bushnell is the present\\nincumbent. About four years ago the railroad company built an en-\\ngine-house and turntable here. The former was destroyed by fire in\\nthe spring of 1879, and another was erected. The district school-house,\\nstanding in the village, is very old, having been in use nearly thirty\\nyears. On the 24th of May, 1879, at an election held for that purpose,\\nthe people authorized an issue of bonds to build a new one. The prin-\\ncipal buildings are the depot, engine-house, a general store, drug store,\\nwagon and blacksmith shop, and a boarding-house. About thirty fami-\\nlies live here. Two physicians have established themselves in the\\nplace. In 1876 a voting precinct was established at Bismark, and the\\nfirst poll held at the general election of that year.\\nThe Methodists have held meetings at Bismark about six years.\\nThe United Brethren had meetings much earlier. The former have no\\nregular organization their membership is at Myersville. The Rev.\\nJames T. Barr began preaching for them. Services have been con-\\ntinued at this place ever since. They have a successful Sunday-school,\\nwith an average attendance of about fifty. The Rev. Gilbert B. Gold-\\nsmith is the present pastor. An effort is making to build a church at\\nan estimated cost of $1,500 $600 being subscribed, and a small portion\\nof the sum paid. Their plan and specifications are drawn, and if they\\nsucceed in raising the necessary funds to erect the house as contem-\\nplated, it will be a Gothic, 30 x 50 feet on the ground, fourteen-foot\\nposts, arched ceiling, two class-rooms and a gallery. When the house\\nshall have been erected the Myersville society will be removed, and the\\ntwo appointments merged in one.\\nThe Christian Society was organized on the 11th of January, 1879,\\nby the Rev. Henry H. Gunn, assisted by the Rev. John A. Clapp,\\nwith eleven members. Subsequently, seven were added. The Rev.\\nGunn is pastor of this congregation. They have no house of worship.\\nDESCRIPTION AND ORGANIZATION.\\nNewell township is bounded on the north by Ross, on the east by\\nIndiana, on the south by Danville township, and on the west by", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1058.jp2"}, "1059": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 943\\nBlount. It embraces all of township 20, range 11, except a strip on\\nthe west side three-fourths of a mile wide, but includes about an equal\\nquantity of range 10 on the east. It further comprises all the sections\\nfrom 19 to 36 inclusive, in township 21, range 11, except the west half\\nof sections 30 and 31, which belong to Blount, making an irregular\\nwest boundary with four mediate right-angles. It covers an area of\\nabout fifty-three sections the first tier in township 20 being short one\\nhalf and, with a trifling variation, is eight and one-half miles from\\nnorth to south, and six miles from east to west. It presents a boldly\\nundulating surface of prairie and timber land, the latter embracing the\\nthree southernmost tiers of sections, and the remaining space west of\\nthe Chicago Eastern Illinois railroad. The more valuable timber-\\ngrowth is found in the southern portion, and consists of the common\\nvarieties, including some beech. Great quantities of black walnut\\nabound. Stony and Lick Creeks are the principal streams. The\\nNorth Fork of the Vermilion winds along the western border, crossing\\nit half a dozen or more times.\\nAt the election held on the 5th of November, 1850, Vermilion\\ncounty adopted township organization. John Canady, Alvan Gilbert\\nand Hamilton White were the commissioners to divide the county into\\ntownships. Newell township was originally named Richland. At the\\nfirst meeting of the board of supervisors on the 13th day of June,\\n1851, the name was changed to Newell, as there was another town of\\nRichland in the state. The town bears its present name in honor of\\nSquire James Newell, the first justice of the peace. The first elec-\\ntion in the township after the adoption of the new system of county\\ngovernment was the annual town election on the first Tuesday in\\nApril, 1851, held at the house of Otho Allison. John Woods was\\nchosen moderator, and Benjamin Stewart, clerk pro tempore. The\\nelectors then proceeded to elect a moderator and a clerk of the town.\\nJohn Woods received twelve votes for the first position, and William\\nR. Chandler, eleven, and Benjamin Stewart, two, for the second. The\\nremaining offices were filled by the election of the following persons:\\nAsa Duncan, supervisor; William G. Blair, Samuel Copeland and\\nSolomon Clapp, commissioners of highways; Willard Brown and Ben-\\njamin Stewart, justices of the peace; David Cosatt, constable; Augus-\\ntine Clapp, assessor; J. C. Rutledge, collector; and Peter Starr, over-\\nseer of the poor. At this meeting two pounds were established one,\\nknown as the East pound, was located at Peter Voorhees and the\\nother, described as the West pound, at David Cosatt s. It was voted\\nto hold the next annual town meeting at the Nauvoo school-house.\\nElections were held at this place till 1857. No minutes of this meeting", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1059.jp2"}, "1060": {"fulltext": "944 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwere recorded. Those of the previous one show no action on the ques-\\ntion of removal and as it appears by the record that the annual meet-\\ning of 1858 was held at the Cunningham school-house, we infer that\\nthe change of polling-place was voted at the spring election of 1857.\\nThe value of the town records is greatly affected by the numerous\\nhiatuses which occur, one of which, in the very important period of\\nthe war, covers a space of four years. The annual meetings have\\nsince been held at the Cunningham school-house, but at the last elec-\\ntion (April, 1879) the polling-place was transferred to the Le Neve\\nschool-house, where, for the first time, an election will be held in the\\nfall of the current year. Stock has always been permitted to run at\\nlarge. The town has uniformly been democratic, and may boast with\\nno unseemly pride that it is free from debt.\\nIn 1856 Fremont (now Blount) township was created from Newell\\nand Pilot townships. In the formation of this new town Newell lost\\nabout one third of its area.\\nWAR HISTORY.\\nThe defective town records oblige us to resort to verbal information\\nfor much material which otherwise would be documentary and far\\nmore complete and reliable. This recourse is especially enforced in an\\naccount of the raising of funds to hire substitutes in the time of the\\nwar. Whatever errors or omissions occur in this relation should be\\nattributed to the natural weakness and failure of the memory no\\nmore in those who have supplied these scanty materials than in the\\ngreat mass of men. Sometime in the summer or fall of 1864 a requi-\\nsition was made on Newell township for twenty-eight able-bodied men\\nfor the military service. Several public meetings were convened at\\nthe regular polling-place at the Cunningham school-house. At the\\nfirst of these, committees were appointed to obtain subscriptions to a\\nfund for hiring substitutes and filling the quota of the town. Fourteen\\nthousand dollars were subscribed in sums varying from ten dollars to\\ntwo hundred dollars. Andrew Gundy and Harry Ross were deputed\\nto go to Cairo, Illinois, to contract the required number of men. This\\nduty they performed with entire success and satisfaction. Early in the\\nsucceeding winter a demand for twenty-eight men was again made on\\nthe township. An election was ordered to ascertain the will of the\\npeople in regard to issuing bonds for another quota of money to avert\\na draft. Authority was given by a large majority to issue fourteen\\nthousand dollars of bonds. This measure met with some opposition\\nfrom the wealthier men of the town, and it was sought to defeat it by\\nstratagem after it had been decisively carried. The town-clerk was", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1060.jp2"}, "1061": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 945\\nsecured by this faction to act in their interest. He was to postpone his\\nsigning of the bonds until the latest moment, when he was to resign\\nhis office, and so leave no competent authority to complete the transac-\\ntion. The party favoring the issue of the bonds got notice of this\\nsnare in time to have a qualified person on the ground to be imme-\\ndiately appointed by the town board. The arrangement was fully car-\\nried out on both sides, and the bonds were issued in pursuance of the\\nauthority granted by the people. The face of the bonds was twenty-\\nfive dollars and fifty dollars, with ten per centum annual interest.\\nThey were offered for sale on the fair grounds at Danville, and were\\ndisposed of at par. Solomon Starr bought the first one, and Joseph\\nW. Osborne the largest amount, one thousand dollars. When put up\\nfor sale, announcement was made that they should be received for the\\ntaxes of that year which announcement, of course, contained no legal\\nobligation. This promise was fairly observed, though it was not strictly\\nlawful for the collector to receive bonds in payment of taxes. To\\navoid trouble, and to satisfy any scruples which might be felt, the\\ntown-clerk (we think it must have been the supervisor) daily receipted\\nto the assessor in a sum equal to the amount of the bonds he had\\ntaken.\\nThe present town officers are: Andrew Gundy, supervisor; Richard\\nM. Jenkins, town clerk; William O. Cunningham, assessor; T. J.\\nScott, collector Joseph Cunningham, Martin Adams, and J. D. Camp-\\nbell, commissioners of highways; J. S. Johnson and William R. Wil-\\nson, justices of the peace; Stephen Daniels and William R. Osborne,\\nconstables.\\nThe Newell Horse Company was organized in 1854, and held its\\nfirst quarterly meeting in October of that year. It was composed of\\nmany of the best citizens of Newell township. The earliest records\\nare not extant. The objects of the association are expressed in the\\npreamble to the constitution to be to shield us from the depredations\\nof horse-thieves, counterfeiters and swindlers, and to afford mutual\\nassistance in reclaiming stolen horses and in apprehending thieves.\\nDepredations had been extensively committed in the township by\\nhorse-thieves. Just over in Indiana was a nest of them, who combined\\ncounterfeiting with their other crimes. John Deck, sr., Geo. Luckey,\\nand one or two others who had been sufferers by their operations, after\\nvainly urging upon the citizens the organizing of some means of pro-\\ntection, entered into a compact, pledging themselves to assist and pro-\\ntect one another. Soon others were attracted to the company, and\\nwhen the number had increased to twenty-five, they effected a perma-\\nnent organization, at the Nauvoo school-house, by adopting a constitu-\\n60", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1061.jp2"}, "1062": {"fulltext": "946 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntion and by-laws, and electing officers. This body steadily grew in\\nnumbers and efficiency, till it became so formidable to the depredators\\nthat it was a standing menace to them, and an invaluable protection to\\nthe community. They captured counterfeiting presses, recovered stolen\\nproperty, and ferreted out and apprehended horse-thieves and counter-\\nfeiters. They broke up and dispersed the gang that had infested this\\nregion of country, and so completely overawed one of the ring-leaders,\\nnamed Lane, that whenever applied to by them he gave information\\nagainst his fellows, and rendered material aid in bringing them to jus-\\ntice. He afterward moved to another county, where he and his son\\nbecame so notorious in stealing and counterfeiting that both were killed.\\nOne notable instance of summary execution occurred in the early days\\nof this organization. A horse had been stolen in the vicinity. The\\ncompany overtook the thief at Beaver Lake. He was about to escape,\\nwhen Abiah Luckey snatched a fowling-piece from a gamester in their\\nmidst, and, after commanding the escaping criminal to halt without\\nheed to the summons, shot him dead. For several years at first this\\ncompany held meetings at the Nauvoo school-house, afterward at the\\nRutledge school-house, and still later at the Smith school-hou.se. Like\\nmost other mutual organizations, this has lapsed at times in interest\\nand vigilant operations, for want of employment. It is a member of\\nthe Wabash General Association of Detective Companies, which in-\\ncludes forty-eight similar bodies.\\nSTATE LINE CITY AND ILLIANA.\\nThe site of State Line Cit}^ and Uliana was the western terminus of\\nthe Toledo Wabash railroad. The Great Western, built and owned\\nby another company, and a continuation of the same route to the south-\\nwest, about the same time formed a junction here, whereupon the town\\nbegan immediate growth. State Line City was laid out in the spring\\nof 1857, by Robert Casement, and on the suggestion of A. P. Andrews\\nwas christened by its present name. Not long afterward that part of\\nthe town lying on the Illinois side was laid out by Parker Dresser and\\nEdward Martin, and designated Illiana a name formed from the first\\ntwo syllables of Illinois and the last two syllables of Indiana. Two\\nengine-houses and a passenger depot with a large eating-house attached\\nwere at once erected by the railroad companies. Passengers changed\\ncars, and all local freight was trans-shipped here. A large region, em-\\nbracing the towns of Covington, Perrysville, Eugene, Rossville, Myers-\\nville and Marysville, shipped and received freight at this point.\\nAbout forty railroad hands were kept employed. Some time during\\nthat season John Briar and A. P. Andrews, under the firm name of", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1062.jp2"}, "1063": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 947\\nBriar Andrews, built a general merchandising establishment. Will-\\niam Toole started a grocery and saloon. In the fall Robert Casement\\nerected two large buildings north of the track, for a grain elevator.\\nThe next year Perrin Kent and his son William, and Col. E. F. Lucas,\\nunder the firm name of Kent Co., built, on the same plan, another\\nelevator. Harvey Barkley opened a dry-goods store, and Boyd Part-\\nlow a drug store. Dr. Porter came in the fall. Robert Craig and\\nJohn Ludlow set up in the blacksmith business. By this time a con-\\nsiderable number of shanties had been put up by railroad employes,\\nand also a few good dwellings by other persons. In the fall of this\\nyear Prof. Elbridge Marshall, with a view of establishing a manual\\nlabor school, solicited subscriptions to that object, and issued stock\\ncertificates entitling the holders to tuition for the amounts subscribed.\\nHe purchased ten acres of ground and erected a two-story brick build-\\ning, 40X42 feet in dimensions, at a cost of $4,000. This institution\\nwas named Evans Union College. Marshall was a thorough instructor,\\nand under his able management the school gained a pleasing efficiency.\\nIn 1864 his connection with it ended, and John H. Braiden became\\nthe controlling spirit in its affairs. Prof. Aaron D. Goodwin succeeded\\nas principal. These changes became the fruitful source of sectarian\\ndissension, and the prosperity of the school rapidly diminished. Two\\nor three years afterward the trustees of Kent township purchased the\\nhouse for $2,700. It is now used for the public school.\\nIn June, 1865, the passenger house and railroad hotel were burned.\\nThe two roads having been consolidated, the engine-houses were re-\\nmoved to Danville. The town suffered from this last event, and per-\\nhaps still more from the building of other railroads, which cut off terri-\\ntory tributary to it, and in consequence has undergone serious decline.\\nThe question of incorporation having been presented to the people,\\nthe issue was decided affirmatively at an election held for that purpose\\non the 26th of April, 1873. An election for trustees was held in June.\\nThe board consists of five members. State Line City contains a popu-\\nlation of about three hundred has eight business houses, one large\\nthree-story flouring-mill, three churches and two secret societies.\\nThe Methodist society was organized in 1857. About 1865 they\\nerected a substantial and imposing meeting-house, whose dimensions\\nare 35 X 55 feet. Samuel Beck was the preacher in charge at that time.\\nA Sunday-school is maintained throughout the year, with an average\\nattendance of twenty-five. The Rev. Jonathan B. Coombs was the\\npastor during the conference year just closed.\\nThe edifice in which the Presbyterians worship is 32x48 feet\\nThe Rev. Edmund Post is the shepherd of this flock. The history of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1063.jp2"}, "1064": {"fulltext": "948 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthis society we have been unable to obtain, after using due diligence\\nto that end.\\nIn the summer of 1864 the Rev. Jacob Wright came to State Line\\nCity, and began holding meetings in the seminary. A society of the\\nChristian denomination was soon organized, when the one at the Wal-\\nnut Corners united with them. In 1867 they began and enclosed a\\nbrick church, 36 feet wide by 54 feet long, and 18 feet high from floor\\nto ceiling, and in the following year completed it. The building cost\\n$3,000. Asa Duncan, George A. Miller, John H. Braiden, James H.\\nSimpson and James Hoover were elected trustees. The first two are\\ndead, and the vacancies have not been filled. Not long after the erec-\\ntion of this church the society at the Kiser School-house transferred\\ntheir membership to this place. Both the church and the Sunday-\\nschool have been animated by little interest for some time past, but\\nmembers express a hopeful belief that there will be an early reawaken-\\ning. At present no regular preacher is employed.\\nMound Lodge, No. 274, A.F. A.M., received a dispensation from\\nthe Grand Lodge of Indiana, on the 19th of December, 1860, and a\\ncharter on the 29th of May, 1861. The first officers under the charter\\nwere Walker Hurd, W.M. William Jones, S.W. William Dixon,\\nJ.W. In May, 1865, this Lodge purchased the hall in the railroad\\nhotel, which was consumed the succeeding month. The same year, in\\nconjunction with R. Munnell, they erected a building 22 feet wide by\\n50 feet long, of which he owned the lower half, and they the hall\\nabove. The cost of the latter was $850. They own, besides, an undi-\\nvided half of the building lot. Munnell s part of the property is now\\nowned by James Cunningham. The new hall was dedicated on the\\n21st of December, 1865. The present officers are E. R. Burch, W.M.;\\nAmos Brooks, S.W.; Lester Leonard, J.W.; C. H. Campbell, Treas.;\\nB. F. Marple, Sec; A. M. Porter, S.D.; Martin Current, J.D.; John\\nP. Lucas and John D. Campbell, Stewards, and William Barger, Tyler.\\nThe membership is thirty-seven. The Lodge enjoys a fair degree of\\nusefulness. Its regular communications are on the first Wednesday of\\neach month, before the full moon.\\nThe charter of Illiana Lodge, No. 240, 1.O.O.F., was granted by the\\nGrand Lodge of Indiana, on the 17th of May, 1865, on the application\\nof John Simmons, Divan Smawley, R. S. Burke, Thomas S. Jones and\\nJohn M. Knox. The Lodge was instituted by Milton Herndon, G.S.,\\non the 13th of June, 1865. The following officers were elected and\\ninstalled at the same time John Simmons, N.G.; R. S. Burke, Y.G.,\\nand J. M. Knox, R.S. The present officers are Martin Lindsey, N.G.;\\nJohn W. Clapp, Y.G.; B. F. Bonebrake, R.S.; W. O. Cunningham,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1064.jp2"}, "1065": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 949\\nP.S.; A. M. Porter, T.; Job Stevens, W.; S. J. King, C; T. K. Wil-\\nson, O.S.; A. F. Cunningham, R.S.N. G.; Philo Knapp, L.S.N.G.;\\nRobert Hunter, R.S.G.G.; P. Cavanaugh, R.S.S.; M. Cordell, L.S.S.\\nThis Lodge is in a healthy condition, and numbers about forty mem-\\nbers. It was first named Simmons, but was afterward changed to\\nTIT\\nllliana.\\nThe Order of Patrons of Husbandry was instituted to ameliorate\\nthe condition of the agricultural population by fostering diversion and\\nsocial intercourse by combining more calculation with muscle in the\\noperations df the farm by providing a medium of popular education\\non all topics relating to their occupation and by avoiding unnecessary\\nmiddlemen, bringing producer and consumer nearer together, and en-\\nabling them to secure better returns for their labor, not by produc-\\ntion alone, but also by a check upon the waste of profit. It compre-\\nhends the highest and broadest culture, and the encouragement of every\\nuseful industry. It may be doubted if any institution, not professedly\\nreligious, devoted to more lofty and practicable ends, has ever been de-\\nvised, or has ever reached such a degree of general favor among any\\nclass of people as this did. The most noted grange that existed in\\nNewell township was Star Grange, No. 909. It was organized on the\\n13th of January, 1874, by John Abbott, county deputy, with twenty-\\nthree charter members. The first officers were George W. Smith, M.\\nGeorge W. Woods, O.; George W. Cunningham, L.; Thomas J. Alli-\\nson, S.; James Starr, A.S.; Mary C. Woods, L.A.S.; John A. Wilson,\\nC; Solomon Starr, T.; Zachariah Starr, Sec; George W. Allison, G.K.;\\nCleantha Starr, C; Jeanette Wilson, P., and Margaret E. Wilson, F.\\nThe growth of this grange was prodigious. At the end of the first\\nyear the membership amounted to one hundred and fifteen, and at last\\nreached one hundred and forty-five. The present number is seventy-\\nsix. Just now the grange is in a lethargy. A revival of interest at\\nan early day may be justly and confidently expected. In 1874, in\\nconjunction with district No. 8, town 21, this grange erected a\\nbrick building, 24x36 feet, the lower part being used for a school-\\nroom and the upper part for a grange hall. The members of the\\ngrange subscribed and paid $750 toward the construction of this build-\\ning. At Stewart s Grove, on the 4th of June, 1874, the Order held a\\npicnic which was a notable affair. A programme of uncommon merit\\nwas prepared for the occasion, and Col. R. M. Johnson, and the Rev.\\nTheodore L. Stipp, delivered addresses. Two tables, each ninety feet\\nlong, were spread with provisions of such richness and delicacy, as quite\\nto surpass the powers of ordinary description. A year later another\\nfestive gathering was held at the same place.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1065.jp2"}, "1066": {"fulltext": "950 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nIn 1849 cholera raged with great mortality in many northern cities.\\nIn July it appeared in Danville township where its ravages were mostly\\nconfined. The disease was at its height in August, and the last cases\\noccurred in September. The former month was very rainy, and with\\nevery shower it seized other victims. Jacob Herrin s cooper shop was\\ntaken for a hospital. The number of deaths was thirty -four. Three\\nof those who died were inhabitants of Newell township, namely Joab\\nMartin, Jacob Olehy and his wife. The two last volunteered as\\nnurses and died at the post of duty, which discovers the noblest\\nhumanity, and compels, if we except truth and honor, the highest\\nsacrifice.\\nA post-office was once established at the Walnut Corners, which is\\nthought to have been the first in the township. Ambrose P. Andrews\\nwas the postmaster. Another, at Myers Mill, was probably opened\\nabout 1854. Still another, called Kentucky, was first located oppo-\\nsite Pleasant Yiew church, and was kept by Mordecai Wells, a blind\\nman, who had a little store at that place. He held it only a short time,\\nwhen Squire Philip Leonard became the postmaster, and retained the\\noffice above twenty years. The fourth is at Bismark.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nWilliam F. Adams, State Line, farmer, was born in Harrison county,\\nKentucky, on the 20th of November, 1822, and is the son of Samuel\\nand Nancy (Martin) Adams. His father was born in the same place\\non the 27th of April, 1800, of Nancy (McCarty) Adams. His grand-\\nfather, William Adams, was a native Virginian. His parents were\\nmarried on the 7th of February, 1822, his mother being the sister to\\nJoseph Martin, one of the earliest settlers of Newell township, and the\\nfirst carpenter in it. The family came from Kentucky in 1825, and\\nSamuel Adams located where he now lives. His first wife died on the\\n31st of March, 1847, and he married a second time, on the 30th of\\nApril, 1848, to Sarah Wiles, relict of J. Rails. They have fourteen\\nliving children. For a number of years circuit preaching was held at\\nhis house regularly each month. Though he never united with any\\ndenomination, he has always been a friend to the cause of religion, and\\na well-wisher of those who were trying to live pious lives, and now in\\nhis eightieth year looks back on a life of humble usefulness, and for-\\nward to a state of reward for those who have done well. The subject\\nof this biography is one of the substantial citizens of Newell township.\\nHe was married on the 7th of March, 1844, to Jerusha Price, who was\\nborn on the 18th of February, 1824, and died on the 17th of May,\\n1860. His second marriage, on the 1st of December, 1863, was to", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1066.jp2"}, "1067": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 951\\nJosephine Booe, who was born on the 9th of July, 1832. They have\\nfive living children John L., William M., Samuel R., Eleanor S. and\\nElsie I. In politics Mr. Adams is a democrat, and in religion a Chris-\\ntian or Disciple.\\nAndy Gundy, Bismark, was born in Ross township, near Myers-\\nville, on the 20th of November, 1828, and is a son of Joseph and Sally\\n(Davison) Gundy. His father was born in Pennsylvania or Ohio on\\nthe 20th of August, 1796. He lived a short time in Indiana, and re-\\nmoved to Illinois, and settled in Ross township, Vermilion county, in\\n1828, where he resided until his death. His business was farming and\\nstock buying and raising. This he carried on quite extensively for the\\ntimes. Between 1852 and 1854 he owned an interest in the principal\\nstore in Myersville. He was an influential and highly respected man,\\nand died on the 9th of July, 1864. Mrs. Gundy died on the 24th of\\nApril, 1857, aged nearly fifty-four years. Andy began his school life\\nunder the tutorship of George Stipp, a pioneer school teacher, in a\\nvacant private house on the Luke Wiles place, just west of the North\\nFork, at Myersville, and finished his education at Georgetown, under\\nProf. J. P. Johnson. At the age of twenty-three he commenced busi-\\nness on his own account, engaging in merchandising in Myersville.\\nHe carried on an extensive outside business in wool, grain and stock.\\nMr. Gundy has held various offices of trust and responsibility. He was\\na member of the twenty-ninth general assembly. Mr. Gundy had a\\nlarge private interest in coal lands, and was recognized as a person\\nwell qualified to serve on the committee on mines and mining. He\\nwas a member of the finance committee, and one other not remem-\\nbered. He is at present serving his third term as supervisor of Newell\\ntownship. At one time Mr. Gundy owned about eighteen hundred\\nacres of real estate, but in the failure of the banking firm of J. C.\\nShort Co. he was a loser to the extent of $150,000. He owns some\\nsix hundred or seven hundred acres. He is an original whig; on the\\ndissolution of that party joined the republicans, in which he has since\\nfaithfully served. Probably it was out of respect for the wish of St.\\nPaul, that all men were like himself, that Mr. Gundy never married.\\nJames Cunningham, State Line City, Warren county, Indiana, was\\nborn near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the 5th of March, 1810, and\\nis a son of William and Mary (Humes) Cunningham. His parents\\nremoved with him at an early age to Harrison county, Kentucky.\\nThere Wm. Cunningham and his sons, of whom he had seven, cleared\\none-half of a farm of one hundred and fifty acres. Much of the land\\nin those parts was military land, and the titles were defective. Mr. C.\\npaid for his land twice, when a third man presented himself and his", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1067.jp2"}, "1068": {"fulltext": "952 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntitle to the unimproved half (which was now fenced). Declining to\\nbuy this claim, he shortly after sold the remainder and removed to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, settling in Newell township in the fall of\\n1829. The subject of this sketch was married on the 8th of Septem-\\nber, 1833, to Mary Andrews. He was bred to farming, and by hard\\nlabor and careful management acquired a good property. He was a\\nmember of Col. Moore s regiment during the Sac war. Shortly after\\nhis return from this campaign he improved a farm, on which he has\\nalways lived until within fourteen years, since which time he has re-\\nsided in Illiana, doing no business. His son William occupies the old\\nhomestead. He is the father of four children Hannah C, Ambrose\\nF., William O. and James A. In politics he is a republican. Both\\nMr. and Mrs. C. are Presbyterians.\\nAmbrose Phelps Andrews, State Line City, farmer, was born in\\nMadison county, New York, on the 22d of October, 1808. In Decem-\\nber, 1818, his parents, Ambrose and Hannah (Phelps) Andrews re-\\nmoved, and settled on the Scioto bottom, in Pike county, Ohio. Here\\nhis father bought a farm, but, losing it through a bad title, was induced\\nto emigrate to Illinois. Accordingly, in 1829 he settled in Newell\\ntownship. The subject of this sketch removed hither with him and\\nothers who came in company. He was married on the 8th of April,\\n1832, to Elizabeth Newell, daughter of Squire James Newell. She\\ndied on the 11th of May, 1856. Mr. Andrews has always been a\\nfarmer, which vocation he has followed with profit and success. For\\nsome years he was engaged in merchandising in State Line City. He\\nserved in the Blackhawk war as a member of Col. Moore s regiment.\\nAt one time he owned three hundred and forty-two acres, but has sold\\nall but one hundred and thirty. He has six living children Amelia\\nH., Sophia, Ellen, Helen Victoria, Austin S. and James O. He is a\\nrepublican in politics.\\nDavid P. Andrews, deceased, was born in Madison county, New\\nYork, on the 17th of July, 1815, and was a son of Ambrose and Han-\\nnah (Phelps) Andrews. He was reared a farmer, and pursued that\\ncalling during life. His parents removed to Ohio when he was quite\\nyoung, and from thence to Illinois, settling in Newell township, near\\nBismark, in 1829. On the 14th of July, 1848, Mr. Andrews was mar-\\nried to Rhoda Zumwalt, who was born on the 21st of February, 1818.\\nHe led a successful life, and acquired the respect and confidence of\\nthe community. He died on the 17th of February, 1879, leaving four\\nchildren: Dewit C, born April 20, 1849; James A., June 3, 1850;\\nCharles R., April 26, 1853, and Clara J., June 25, 1858. He was a\\nrepublican in politics.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1068.jp2"}, "1069": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 95,3\\nJoseph Cunningham, State Line City, Indiana, tanner, was horn in\\nHarrison county, Kentucky, on the 27th of February, 1828, and is a\\nson of William and Mary (Humes) Cunningham. His father removed\\nto Newell township in November of 1829. Mr. Cunningham was mar-\\nried to Mary Ann Swisher on the 5th of April, 1849. He is always\\nfound on the side of right, encouraging justice, good morals and good\\ngovernment. He has filled the office of commissioner of highways the\\npast six years. He has six living children: Cleantha, John I., Nora,\\nEddie, Ida M., Joseph S. He owns two hundred and eighty-five acres\\nof land, worth $11,000. In politics he is a democrat, and in religion,\\na Christian or Disciple.\\nPhilip Leonard, Bismark, farmer, was born in Harrison county,\\nKentucky, on the 20th of December, 1820, and is the son of Valentine\\nand Mary (Fowler) Leonard. His father was a native of North Caro-\\nlina, and for several years in his youth was a captive among the\\nIndians. He died at the extreme old age of ninety-six years. In the\\nfall of 1830 the family settled in Newell township on the tract of land\\nnow owned and occupied by William R. Campbell, on section 3, T. 20,\\nE. 11. Squire Leonard was married on the 25th of March, 1841, to\\nAngelina E. Williams. He was postmaster twenty years, and has been\\njustice of the peace a longer period. Only two appeals were ever\\ntaken from judgments rendered by him; one of these was. to gain time,\\nand in the other case his judgment was sustained. He was personally\\nacquainted with Abraham Lincoln, and enjoyed his confidence, and,\\nduring the war, held a civil appointment at his hands. He took the\\nstump and did effective service in enlisting men in Newell township.\\nHis son, John, was a member of Co. D, 125th Reg. 111. Vols. He was\\ncrippled in the army, and laid in the rebel prison at Richmond nine\\nmonths. Mrs. Leonard was a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Bloom-\\nfield) Williams, and was born in Worcestershire, England, on the 17th\\nof September, 1825. She came with her parents to America in 1831\\nor 1833. Mr. Leonard has eight living children. In politics he is a\\ndemocrat, and in religion a Christian or Disciple. He owns two hun-\\ndred acres of land, worth $8,000.\\nCharles S. Young, Bismark, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in\\nWoodford county, Kentucky, on the 16th of September, 1809, and is a\\nson of James and Lucinda (Baldwin) Young. When sixteen years old\\nhe moved into Harrison county, Kentucky, and on the 14th of Janu-\\nary, 1829, was married to Elizabeth Leonard. He emigrated to Newell\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, where he arrived on the 14th of\\nOctober, 1830, and settled near the present site of Pleasant View\\nchurch. He served as a volunteer in Col. Moore s regiment during the", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1069.jp2"}, "1070": {"fulltext": "954 HISTOKY OF VEKMILION COUNTY.\\nBlackhawk war. In 1843 Mr. Young engaged in the stock business,\\nwhich from that time forth grew into an extensive trade. Seventeen\\nsummers in succession he bought and drove horses to market, in 1846\\nextending his business to include cattle, and, during the whole of that\\nyear, kept stock in Cincinnati on sale. He was a heavy patron of the\\nChicago, Danville Yincennes Railroad, donating to the company on\\ncertain conditions twenty acres of land on which Bismark stands, and\\ndeeds to the right of way for six and a half miles of track of the\\nBranch road through Newell township. As agent of the company he\\nsuperintended their improvements about Bismark. He has changed\\nhis abode but once since he came here. In 1860 he bought and occu-\\npied the farm where he now resides. He commenced in Newell town-\\nship with two ponies and seventy-five cents in cash, and is now one of\\nthe wealthiest farmers in Yermilion county, and has made his riches\\nwithout aid from anybody. Mr. Young has some two thousand acres\\nof land and twenty-one tenants. He reared three sons and six daugh-\\nters. One of the former served in Co. B, 125th 111. Yols., and was\\ndischarged shortly before his term of service expired, on account of\\ndisability. He since died. Mr. Young cast his first vote for Andrew\\nJackson, and has been voting Old Hickory principles ever since.\\nHis wife died on the 21st of November, 1871.\\nThomas Elder, State Line, farmer, was born in Pike county, Ohio,\\non the 3d of March, 1822. His parents, Thomas and Rachel (Boiler)\\nElder, moved to Perrysville, Yermilion county, Indiana, in 1830\\nthence in 1838 to Danville township. His father was a native of\\nNorth Carolina, and his mother of Yirginia. On the 11th of Decem-\\nber, 1840, he was married to Sarah Brewer, who was born also in Pike\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 12th of Ma} 1824. In 1828 her parents removed\\nto the neighborhood of Lafayette, Indiana; thence to Newell town-\\nship, Yermilion county, Illinois, in 1830. Mr. Elder settled in Newell\\ntownship in 1841, and in the following year moved to Marion county,\\nIllinois, returning from there to Newell in the fall of 1848. He be-\\ngan poor split rails for twenty-five and thirty-seven and a half cents\\nper hundred to buy a few necessary articles for housekeeping and farm-\\ning, but by industry and frugality has acquired an honorable compe-\\ntence. Mr. and Mrs. Elder have been members of the M. E. church,\\nrespectively, since 1843 and 1839. He has held the office of school\\ntrustee in town 20, range 10, for twenty-two consecutive years, and\\nbeen steward in the church twenty-three years. He is the father of\\nseven living children Richard M., Simeon A., Rachel, Charles W.,\\nJohn H., George A. and Frank. He owns four hundred and twenty\\nacres, worth $16,500.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1070.jp2"}, "1071": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 955\\nBenjamin Brewer, Danville, farmer, was born in Pike county, Ohio,\\non the 14th of June, 1820, and is a son of Richard and Christina\\nBrewer. His father was born in Ohio in 1789; was a soldier in the\\nsecond war with England, belonging to Gen. Cass detachment, and\\nwas surrendered with that body on its return to Detroit after the capit-\\nulation of Gen. Hull, on the 16th of August, 1812. On his return\\nhome he immediately married Christina Rodrick. In the fall of r830\\nhe migrated to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled in Newell town-\\nship on the farm now owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch.\\nThe latter was married on the 26th of April, 1847, to Rebecca Van\\nKirk. He has the following children Joseph W., John R., George\\nE., Anna. He owns four hundred acres, worth $16,000. In politics\\nhe is a democrat.\\nEdward Rouse, Danville, farmer, was born in Scioto county, Ohio,\\non the 18th of March, 1825, and is a son of Reason and Martha (Olehy)\\nRouse. His father dying when he was live years old, his mother, with\\nsix small children, removed to Danville township in the fall of 1830.\\nIn the following March she died and left her family to be cared for and\\nreared by friends. Five were taken back to Ohio, and while on the\\nreturn trip the oldest child, a girl, was stricken down and died soon\\nafter reaching the destination. Two years later the surviving members\\nreturned to Danville, since which time the subject of this sketch has\\nresided within five miles of the city. He was married on the 4th of\\nOctober, 1846, to Minerva Martin. He has been school trustee, super-\\nvisor, and a prominent member of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.\\nHe was a director in the Vermilion County Association, having head-\\nquarters at Danville, after the business was put into the hands of an\\nassignee. Mr. Rouse is the father of eleven living children Martha\\nAnn., Dennis H., Susan, John B., Rosan, Mary Ann, Rebecca Ann,\\nJulia Ann, Minerva Ann, Sarah Ann, Edward Austin. He owns two\\nhundred and twenty acres of land, worth $9,000, and is a democrat in\\npolitics.\\nNathan J. Norris, M.D., Bismark, fanner and physician, was born\\nin Brown county, Ohio, on the 14th of December, 1824, and is a son\\nof James and Elizabeth (Carter) Norris. His father was born in Mason\\ncounty, Kentucky, August, 1798. At the age of nine years he removed\\nwith his parents to Ohio. In November, 1833, he settled in Oakwood\\ntownship, and in the spring of 1845 moved into Newell, where he\\ndied, on the 21st of September, 1850. The subject of this sketch mar-\\nried Martha Norris, on the 29th of January, 1852. He removed to\\nBrown county, Ohio, in 1854, and engaged in the practice of medicine.\\nIn February, 1858, he graduated from the American Medical College,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1071.jp2"}, "1072": {"fulltext": "956 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nCincinnati. In 1864 Mr. Norris returned to Newell township, where\\nhe has since lived, tilling the soil and practicing his profession. He\\nhas been supervisor of Newell township five terms. He owns one\\nhundred and twenty acres of land, worth $4,800. In politics he is a\\ndemocrat, and in religion a Baptist.\\nAustin S. Andrews, State Line, farmer, was born in Newell town-\\nship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 31st of December, 1836, and is\\na son of Ambrose P. and Elizabeth (Newell) Andrews. He was bred\\na farmer, and has always followed that occupation. He enlisted in Co.\\nC, Capt. W. I. Allen, 12th Keg. 111. Yol. Inf., Col. McArthur, and mus-\\ntered into United States service on the 7th of September, 1861, at\\nPaducah, Kentucky. He was orderly sergeant of the company, and\\nbore a share in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth (Oc-\\ntober, 1862). In the winter of 1863-4 he was detached and put in\\ncommand of twenty-four mounted men to guard the railroad from\\nPulaski to the Tennessee Eiver, and to do general scouting duty. He\\nserved throughout the Atlanta campaign, being engaged in the two\\ngreat battles in front of Atlanta on the 22d and the 28th of July, 1864.\\nHe was mustered out on the 8th of September, 1864. Mr. Andrews\\nwas married on the 27th of November, 1867, to Eliza J. Clark. He\\nowns two hundred and thirty acres, worth $9,000. He has six living\\nchildren: Morton C, Herbert S., Betty A., John O., Nancy E. and\\nEliza J. In politics he is a republican.\\nAmbrose F. Cunningham, State Line, farmer, was born in Newell\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 2d of November, 1836,\\nand is a son of James and Mary Ann (Andrews) Cunningham. He\\nwas married on the 17th of March, 1859, to Mary Ann Lockhart. He\\nhas been assessor of Newell township two terms. Mr. Cunningham\\nhas six living children Oscar, Charley, Mattie, Ella, Morton and Eolla.\\nHe owns one hundred and ninety-four acres, worth $6,000. He is a\\nrepublican in politics, and an influential Odd-Fellow.\\nWilliam C. Saunders, Danville, abstract clerk, was born on the 28th\\nof May, 1824, in the county of Norfolk, England. In 1835 he came\\nwith his parents, John and Maria (Kaynor) Saunders, to America. A\\nresidence of one year was made in Indiana, when they came to this\\ncounty and located in Danville, his father engaging in blacksmithing.\\nHis mother died on the 26th of September, 1842. Shortly after this\\nhe became employed in the county clerk s office, by Amos Williams,\\nwho at that time held all the important offices. In 1844 he went to\\nIowa, and on the 28th of November, 1848, Mr. Saunders was married\\nto Ellen Sleef. He was the first mail messenger from Chicago to Bur-\\nlington on the Chicago, Burlington Quincy railroad, which position", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1072.jp2"}, "1073": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 957\\nhe held five years, when he was transferred to the Burlington Mis-\\nsouri Kiver railroad. In the spring of 1862 he returned to Danville,\\nand since that time has been engaged chiefly in the county and circuit\\nclerks offices.\\nWatkin W. Williams, Bismark, farmer, was born in Worcestershire,\\nEngland, on the 11th of August, 1826, and is a son of John and Eliza\\n(Bloomfield) Williams. He emigrated with his parents to America in\\n1831 or 1833; settled and lived in Ohio two or three years, when the\\nfamily removed to Illinois, and located at Sugar Grove, Champaign\\ncounty but, not liking the place, his father traded his farm to James\\nSkinner for the Denmark mill, taking Robert Wyatt as a partner. He\\nchanged his residence several times subsequent to this at one time\\nliving three years on the Kankakee river. The subject of this sketch\\nwas married on the 11th of November, 1854, to Marth Ann Worley,\\ndaughter of Caleb Worley, born on the 23d of April, 1831. They have\\neight living children Emma C, Adelia C, William Sherman, Eliza-\\nbeth Ann, George Bunyan, Eliza C, Martha Jane and Simon Peter.\\nHe owns two hundred and ten acres. of land, worth $6,500. In politics\\nhe is a democrat.\\nFrancis M. Rodrick, Danville, farmer, was born in Newell town-\\nship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 9th of July, 1838, and is a son\\nof Solomon and Sarah (Brewer) Rodrick. His father was born on the\\nScioto River, in Pike county, Ohio, on the 15th of September, 1803\\nmarried three times, and has six living children. In the fall of 1828\\nhe came to Illinois, and settled in the south part of Newell township,\\nwhere he has ever since resided. He speculated some in land, and\\nuntil the building of the T. W. W. R. R. kept tavern, from which\\nhe realized a handsome property. The subject of this sketch was mar-\\nried on the 21st of March, 1860, to Catharine Shindler. They have\\nseven living children: Hester A., Emma M., Solomon, Peter, Alvin,\\nSarah, Simeon. He owns eighty acres, valued at $3,200. He is a\\ndemocrat in politics.\\nDavid Clapp, State Line City, farmer, was born in Orange county,\\nNorth Carolina, on the 24th of November, 1817, and is a son of John\\nand Margaret (Huffman) Clapp. He came to Newell township in\\n1838 was employed during seven years, alternately, by Squire James\\nNewell and Asa Duncan, and thus accumulated enough to buy the first\\npiece of land. By successive additions he has increased the quantity\\nto two hundred and fifteen acres, valued at $8,500. He was married\\non the 24th of February, 1847, to Hannah Blair, who died on the 11th\\nof September, 1852. He married again on the 16th of August, 1854,\\nto Mary Jane Cunningham, who was born on the 25th of July, 1834.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1073.jp2"}, "1074": {"fulltext": "958 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nFour living children have been born unto them Sarah Jane, John\\nWesley, James Henry, Charles Asbury. In politics he is a democrat,\\nand in religion a Methodist.\\nNoah Young, Bismark, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Newell\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 20th of July, 1838, on the\\nHollensworth farm. He is a son of Charles S. and Elizabeth (Leon-\\nard) Young, and has always been engaged in farming and the stock\\nbusiness. Mr. Young was married on the 19th of February, 1863, to\\nMary Cunningham, who was born on the 3d of August, 1844, on the\\nFranklin Adams farm, and was reared on the Price or Martin Powell\\nfarm in Newell township. They have six living children Halena,\\nborn on the 25th of December, 1863 Charles Scott, on the 9th of\\nNovember, 1865; Ann Elizabeth, on the 7th of October, 1867; James\\nWilliam, on the 17th of February, 1875, Josie Dean, on the 5th of\\nJune, 1878, and Lillie May, on the 10th of April, 1879. He owns\\nthree hundred and seventy acres, worth $15,000. In politics he is a\\ndemocrat, and in religion a New Light.\\nGeorge W. Cunningham, Bismark, farmer, was born in Newell\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 18th of May, 1838, and is\\na son of John and Nancy (Lindsey) Cunningham. He was married on\\nthe 17th of November, 1859, to Holly A. Taylor, who died on the 5th\\nof January, 1874. He married again on the 31st of July, 1874, to\\n(formerly) Mary Lang, relict of Jonathan Lesher. He enrolled in Co.\\nB, 125th 111. Vols., on the 12th of August, 1862, and mustered into\\nUnited States service on the 3d of September following at Danville,\\nIllinois; fought in the battle of Perry ville, Kentucky was detached\\nform his command during the battle of Stone Eiver, with a squad of\\ntrain guards, and had a sharp encounter of an hour s duration in repell-\\ning a cavalry attack. He fought subsequently at Chickamauga, Mission\\nRidge, Lookout Mountain, Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Dallas\\nand Kenesaw Mountain. At the latter place Mr. Cunningham lost his\\nright arm. He was discharged on the 10th of December, 1864, at\\nSpringfield, Illinois. He has served as collector of Newell township\\nthree successive terms. In politics he is a republican.\\nWilliam O. Cunningham, State Line, Indiana, farmer, was born in\\nNewell township, Vermilion county, 111., on the 15th of December, 1838,\\nand is a son of James and Mary Ann (Andrews) Cunningham. He\\nspent five years in California, between 1858 and 1863. He was mar-\\nried on the 22d of February, 1865, to Matilda J. Chandler, who was\\nborn on the 27th of July, 1848. He is one of the substantial farmers\\nand respected citizens, and the present assessor of Newell township.\\nHe has three hundred and forty-five acres of fine farming land, worth", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1074.jp2"}, "1075": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 959\\n$13,000. He has four living children Irvin, Alice, James and Porter.\\nMrs. Cunningham s father and mother, and a brother and sister, died\\nin the same week of milk-sickness.\\nPerry C. Cosatt, Danville, farmer, was born in Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, on the 1st of January, 1838, and is a son of Peter and Nancy\\n(Tooma) Cosatt. His father was born near Harrodsburg, Kentucky\\nwas a life-long whig settled in Blount township in an early day died\\nin November, 1859. The subject of this sketch was married on the\\n23d of September, 1858, to Ellen Wood, who was born on the 3d of\\nJanuary, 1839. He was formerly a republican, but is now neutral in\\npolitics. They are the parents of two children Commodore P. and\\nSarah D. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, worth\\n$6,500.\\nJohn Myers, deceased, was born on the 28th of January, 1808, near\\nHagerstown, Maryland, and was reared there. The Myers family\\nmoved to Dayton, Ohio, in an early day. From there two of the sons,\\nJohn and Samuel, removed to Indiana, and located near Lafayette. In\\n1840 they came to Vermilion county and purchased the mill-improve-\\nment begun and owned by Peter Chrisman, and commenced building\\ntheir grist-mill. In 1841 they brought their families to Newell. The\\nvillage received its name from these brothers. They ran their mill\\nabout twenty years and sold it to William Goodwin. John now began\\nfarming, and for some years the brothers were engaged together in the\\nmanufacture of coffins. John Myers died on the 8th of January, 1878,\\nleaving two children Frank A. and Mary E.\\nDavid K. Woodbury, Danville, saddler, was born in South Dan-\\nville on the 24th of August, 1840, and is a son of Gardner and Eliza-\\nbeth (Songer) Woodbury. He was married on the 18th of October,\\n1866, to Mary M. Kerr. He has been town clerk of Danville town-\\nship. He owns a country residence and grounds of twenty acres of\\nland near the fair grounds, and on the boundary between Danville and\\nNewell ten acres lying in each township, valued at $5,000. He also\\nowns six lots on Hazel street, three hundred feet front, containing two\\ndwellings, worth $5,000. Mr. Woodbury is a manufacturer of harness\\nand saddles, and a jobber in goods pertaining to that business. He\\nis the father of one child, named Winstead. In politics he is a repub-\\nlican.\\nSamuel Duncan, Danville, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in\\nNewell township, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 23d of November,\\n1840, and is a son of Darius and Margaret Duncan. His mother was\\na daughter of Squire James Newell, from whom Newell township\\nderived its name. Mr. Duncan has been both assessor and collector of", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1075.jp2"}, "1076": {"fulltext": "960 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nbis town. He was married on the 23d of September, 1869, to El-\\ndora McDoel. Mr. Duncan s principal business has been dealing in\\nstock. He has one child Henry McDoel Duncan.\\nJohn N. Le Neve, State Line City, Indiana, farmer, was born in\\nNewell township, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 7th of October,\\n1841. He is a son of Obadiah and Polly (Lemons) Le Neve. He\\ntraveled in the south during the war; was a clerk in the sutler estab-\\nlishment of Charles Pratt in Nashville, Tennessee, in the summer of\\n1864. Previous to this employment Mr. Le Neve was a clerk in a\\ndry-goods store in Vincennes, Indiana, six years. In politics he is a\\nrepublican.\\nJohn Watson, jr., Danville, farmer, was born on the 3d of April,\\n1842, in Newell township, Vermilion county, Illinois. He was mar-\\nried on the 22d of September, 1859, to Amy Rabourn. He is the son\\nof John R. and Susanna (Martin) Watson. He is the father of eight\\nchildren Eliza A., Susanna, Ida, Minerva J., Ada, Eben, Walter I.,\\nand Thomas. Mr. Watson owns one hundred and seventy acres of\\nland, valued at $5,000. In politics he is a democrat, and in religion a\\nBaptist.\\nFrancis M. Gundy, Bismark, merchant, was born in Ross township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 17th of May, 1843, and is a son of\\nJoseph and Sarah (Davison) Gundy. He was married on the 15th of\\nOctober, 1875, to Mary E. Smith, who was born in Attica, Indiana, on\\nthe 30th of September, 1854. Mr. Gundy has been engaged several\\nyears in selling goods, at Marshfield, Indiana, and at Myersville,\\nIllinois. He is now keeping a general store at Bismark, in company\\nwith A. M. Bushnell. He owns an undivided half of eight hundred\\nand sixty acres, worth $30,000. Mr. Gundy is the father of one child,\\nClara G., born on the 19th of September, 1878.\\nObadiah Phillips, Bismark, farmer, was born in Newell township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 22d of October, 1844, and is a son\\nof William and Julia Ann (Luckey) Phillips. He enlisted in Co. B,\\n25th 111. Vol. Inf., on the 4th of August, 1862, and was in the battles\\nof Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, and\\nPeach Tree Creek. The 25th was mustered out on the 4th of August,\\n1864, and his time not having expired, he, with others, was sent to the\\nheadquarters of the fourth corps, where he remained, doing duty, the\\nrest of his term. He was present at the battles of Franklin and Nash-\\nville, and was mustered out on the 9th of June, 1865. Mr. Phillips\\nwas married on the 25th of January, 1866, to Martha E. Kidwell.\\nThey have six living children: Nellie, Emma, Willie, Josie, Ross, and\\nMorton.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1076.jp2"}, "1077": {"fulltext": "NEWKLL TOWNSHIP. .Mil\\nMartin J. Barger, Bismark, farmer, was born in Newell township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 11th of February, 1815, and is a son\\nof William J. and Elizabeth (Rudy) Barger. His father died when he\\nwas quite young-, and his mother marrying again, he left home and\\napprenticed himself to the shoemaker s trade, which he learned. The\\nsubject of this sketch displayed a truly heroic spirit in his persistent\\neffort to become enrolled with the Union defenders. At the beginning\\nof the war young Barger endeavored to get into the army while he was\\nyet but sixteen years of age. He was very small and delicate, and had\\na girlish appearance. At that time the physique of the volunteer was\\nclosely scrutinized, as the supply of men was greater than the demand.\\nCo. B of the 25th Reg. 111. Yols. was organizing at Danville, and he\\npresented himself to Capt. Thomas McKibben, who was recruiting it.\\nThe Captain laughed him to scorn, and told him that they did not\\nwant boys, but men to fight, at the same time pointing to some stal-\\nwart specimens standing by. After this rebuff, he repressed his mili-\\ntary ardor until the early spring of 1862, when some of the Davison\\nand Myers boys, of the 25th, were home on furlough. He now deter-\\nmined on making another trial, in spite of the ridicule which beset\\nhim, from all who became acquainted with his intention. When his\\nfriends returned he- started with them, and on reaching Danville\\napplied to be mustered into the service, in the hope of saving trans-\\nportation expenses. Failing in this, he went on to Springfield, but\\nwas rejected there. Proceeding thence to St. Louis with his compan-\\nions, he was also rejected there. He then went to Rolla, and fared\\nlikewise there. This point was the end of railroad travel. A squad\\nof convalescents was forming here to move forward to join their com-\\nmands, and our hero stated his case to the commanding officer, and\\nrequested permission to join them and to be furnished rations. When\\nthey reached Springfield, Missouri, he renewed the effort, with the\\nsame ^disheartening result. He continued on with the squad to For-\\nsythe, Missouri, where he joined the 25th 111. Reg. He was dressed\\nin civilian clothing, and before he found the command, was arrested\\nand taken before Siegel s provost marshal, but, on explaining himself,\\nwas released. Making application at once to Capt. Wall, of Co. B, he\\nwas told that it was no use, he would die in a few days. Foiled again 3\\nand at the last resort of appeal, he did not know what to do, but\\nfinally decided to follow the army and be a soldier, if for nothing else\\nthan to triumph over all opposers and opposing circumstances. He\\nwas furnished arms and equipments, and an outfit of clothing. In\\nabout a week the army was in motion for Batesville, Arkansas. The\\nfirst day he kept up, the second day did not get into camp with his\\n61", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1077.jp2"}, "1078": {"fulltext": "962 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncommand, the third day did not arrive until late at night, and the\\nfourth day entirely lost sight of the army. He had some money, and\\nbought his meals along the route, camping out at night. He moved\\nforward every day, way-worn and weary, almost fainting from fatigue.\\nWhen he came into camp at Batesville about an hour after the com-\\nmand had arrived, not having been seen for nearly a week, and sup-\\nposed to be either captured or dead the cheers of the boys arose to\\ngreet him, and signalize his triumph. Henceforward he kept abreast of\\nthe best among them. From thence the army moved to Cape Girardeau,\\nwhere, after a time, it was paid off. The captain asked him if he\\nwanted pay. If you think I will make a soldier, was the answer.\\nO, you ll do replied the captain, with an air of confidence and\\nsatisfaction. Having signed the pay-roll, he was legally a soldier; his\\nhopes were realized and his triumph complete. Old soldiers know the\\nmeaning of sand and grit, but few have seen a better exhibition\\nof it. He was in Mississippi in the summer of 1862, and marched to\\nLouisville under Buell, and was present at the battle of Perryville, but\\nnot engaged. He was in the battles of Stone River and Chickamauga\\nwounded and taken prisoner at the latter place, and held about ten\\ndays, when he was released on parole. He was not exchanged until\\nthe next summer, while on the Atlanta campaign. Mr. Barger re-\\nmained with his regiment until exchanged, but not doing duty. He\\nfought his last battle at Jonesborough was present at the subsequent\\nbattles of Columbia and Nashville. The term of service of his regi-\\nment having expired, the recruits served out the rest of their time at\\nGen. Stanley s headquarters. He was discharged in March, 1865. His\\nwound incapacitates him for hard labor, and he draws a pension. He\\nwas married on the 19th of April, 1868, to Mary A. Steward, who died\\non the 16th of August, 18T0. He was married again on the 25th of\\nSeptember, 1873, to Margaret W. Richie. They have four living chil-\\ndren: Walter L. R., Anna M., Samuel B. and John W. Mr. Barger\\nis a republican in politics, and in religion a Methodist.\\nThomas Watson, Bismark, farmer, was born in Newell township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 18th of February, 1846, and is a son\\nof John R. and Susannah (Martin) Watson. He was married on the\\n21st of September, 1865, to Sarah, daughter of Samuel Adams, born\\non the 1st of January, 1846. He lived in Danville during the years\\n1873-4, engaged in the saddle and harness trade. In addition to his\\nfarming operations Mr. Watson buys and feeds a good deal of stock, in\\nwhich business he enjoys a rare degree of prosperity and success. He\\nis the father of four living children Dora E., born on the 26th of\\nJuly, 1866; Samuel R., February 13, 1868; Bertha A., March 26,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1078.jp2"}, "1079": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 963\\n1873; Earnest M., January 10, 1876. He is an independent in poli-\\ntics.\\nCorydon H. Campbell, Danville, farmer and fine-stock breeder, was\\nborn in Seneca county, New York, on the 19th of December, 1825,\\nand is a son of John and Elmira (Hewitt) Campbell. The substantial\\nprosperity which Mr. Campbell has wrought out for himself little\\nindicates his humble beginning. His early life was spent in roving\\nmore or less in the southwest, and in handling and driving stock. In\\n1840 he went to Missouri and lived there seven years, meantime buy-\\ning and driving hogs to the Cherokee nation, and returning with cattle\\nto Milwaukee. He brought three herds through from that country.\\nFor many years he has been an extensive stock-raiser, and has devoted\\nhis attention largely to the breeding of blooded stock, of which he\\nkeeps the best strains in the country. Mr. Campbell was married on\\nthe 11th of November, 1849, to Julia A. Howard, who died on the 1st\\nAugust, 1850. His second marriage, on the 22d of November, 1852,\\nwas to Mary W Brittingham, who died on the 13th of March, 1869.\\nHis third marriage was to Sarah E. Current, on the 1st of January,\\n1870. He is the father of three living children: John J., Joseph B.,\\nBenjamin. He owns eight hundred and sixty acres of land, worth\\n$34,500.\\nPeter Voorhees, Danville, farmer, was born on the 26th of June,\\n1827, in Butler county, Ohio, and is a km of Stephen and Rachel\\n(Elliott) Voorhees. When he was two years old his parents removed\\nand settled in Fountain county, Indiana. In 1848 he came to Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, locating in Newell township, where he now\\nresides. He has been supervisor of Newell township, and held minor\\noffices of trust and responsibility. Mr. Voorhees is a large-hearted,\\npublic-spirited man, who has been abreast of the foremost in the ac-\\ntivities of his community, and who has made his energy felt on all\\noccasions. He is a brother of Hon. Daniel W. Voorhees, present\\nUnited States senator from Indiana, who has made a national reputa-\\ntion as a lawyer and statesman. The management of a large farm has\\nchiefly engrossed his attention during a busy life. Like thousands of\\nothers, he has not escaped the vicissitudes of the times. He was mar-\\nried on the 1st of April, 1848, to Mary Button. They have five living\\nchildren Rachel R., Julia E., Arthur E., Daniel, and Philip B. He\\nowns five hundred and forty acres of land, worth $27,000.\\nJacob Robertson, State Line, Indiana, farmer, was born in Newell\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 22d of September, 1848,\\nand is a son of Zachariah and Abigal (Starr) Robertson. He was mar-\\nried on the 6th of February, 1872, to Melissa Brittingham, who was", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1079.jp2"}, "1080": {"fulltext": "964 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nborn on the 24th of November, 1848. He has one child, Hallie Ger-\\ntrude. Mr. Robertson is an independent in politics, and in religion a\\nMethodist.\\nTheodore L. Stipp, Bismark, farmer, school-teacher and minister,\\nwas born in Newell township, on the 24th of December, 1848, and is\\na son of George Y. and America A. (Smith) Stipp. He began private\\nlaw studies in 1868; was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court of\\nWarren county, Indiana, in the April term of 1870. He attended a\\ncourse of lectures at the University of Michigan in the winter of 1870-1,\\ngraduating the 29th of March, 1871. Finding the law not congenial\\nto his tastes, he abandoned the profession and became identified with\\nthe Church of Christ, and was ordained a minister on the 21th of Aug-\\nust, 1873. His labors have since been extended over a wide field, em-\\nbracing Warren, Fountain and Vermilion counties, Indiana, and Cham-\\npaign and Vermilion counties, Illinois. Mr. Stipp has never been a\\npolitical aspirant for office, but in the campaign of 1875 was favorably\\nmentioned as a candidate for congress on the independent ticket, and\\nreceived the support of the Vermilion county delegation in the Tolono\\nconvention, which nominated J. H. Pickrell. He was married on the\\n28th of March, 1872, to Emma P. Norris. They are the parents of two\\nliving children Emma Belle and Theodore E. Mr. Stipp owns sixty\\nacres of land, worth 81,800.\\nMartin Powell, State Line, farmer, was born on the 13th of Decem-\\nber, 1811, in Llanwenarth parish, Monmouthshire, England, and came\\nwith his parents, Thomas and Jane (Pritchard) Powell, to America in\\nthe spring of 1823, and settled in Dearborn county, Indiana. At the\\nage of twelve he went to Baltimore, Ohio, where he spent five years in\\nlearning the trade of cloth-dressing and carding, but he has never fol-\\nlowed the business. On his return to Indiana he went into the woods\\nand began clearing up land and farming. On the 12th of April, 1838,\\nhe was married to Jeanette Churchill. Between the years 1835 and\\n1845 Mr. Powell labored in the capacity of pedagogue in the log school-\\nhouses of Indiana. At different times in his life he has filled the sacred\\ndesk. His two sons, Thomas and John, served in the army during the\\nrebellion, the former three years in the 33d Ind. Inf., and the latter\\ntwo years in the 86th. Mr. Powell is a highly-respected and valued\\ncitizen, who is always prominent in local enterprises. He has held\\nsome town offices. He owns six hundred and eighty acres of land,\\nworth 820,500. He has five living children William M., Thomas C,\\nMary A., Alvah M. and Eliza J.\\nJames A. Andrews, Bismark, farmer, was born in Newell township,\\nVermilion county, Illinois, on the 3d of June, 1850, and is a son of", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1080.jp2"}, "1081": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 965\\nDavid P. and Rhoda (Zumwalt) Andrews. He was married on the\\n2d of April, 1878, to Annie Johnson, who was born on the 18th of\\nMarch, 1855. Mr. Andrews has an undivided half of two hundred and\\nthirty acres of choice prairie land, and an undivided fourth of forty\\nacres of timber, the whole valued at $4,000. He is a republican in\\npolitics.\\nSamuel Chester, sr., Danville, farmer, was born in Ross (now Fair-\\nfield) county, Ohio, on the 9th of October, 1810. His father, Thomas\\nChester, was a soldier in the second war with Great Britain, and died\\nof rheumatism and congestive chills in the year 1813. Samuel s\\nmother, whose maiden name was Ruth Peterson, was thus left with\\nseven small and helpless children, and being poor, as the majority of\\nthe people then were, Samuel was indentured at the age of seven to\\nElias Florence, and served with him till he attained his majority. Im-\\nmediately on becoming of age he was married to Elizabeth Castel, on\\nthe 16th of November, 1831. In 1834 he commenced driving fat cat-\\ntie and hogs over the Alleghany mountains to New York, seven hun-\\ndred miles; to Philadelphia, six hundred miles, and to Baltimore, five\\nhundred miles. His droves ranged from one hundred to one hundred\\nand fifteen head. The round trip to New York occupied eighty-three\\ndays; to Philadelphia, seventy-three days, and to Baltimore, fifty days.\\nHe followed this business eleven summers, and while thus employed,\\nbought one hundred and five acres of land in the neighborhood where\\nhe had been raised, for $525. In 1852 he sold it for $2,100, and moved\\nto Vermilion county, Illinois, settling in Danville township, where he\\npurchased six hundred and twenty acres on the Middle Fork. This he\\nafterward sold for 88,500. Leaving the farm, he lived in Danville six\\nyears. In 1862 he bought and moved on the place where he is now\\nresiding, one and a half miles north of Danville. Mr. Chester s first\\nwife died in March, 1858. On the 11th of June following he was mar-\\nried to Elizabeth Skeels. She died on the 14th of August, 1878. He\\nmarried again on the 4th of November, L878, to Susan Barker. Mr.\\nChester received but two months schooling. He made his start in life\\nby investing in three ewes, the increase of which amounted, in seven\\nyears, to seventy-three head. In politics Mr. Chester is a staunch re-\\npublican. He owns at present two hundred and eighty-seven acres of\\nland, valued at \u00c2\u00a712,000.\\nRobert Phillips, Bismark, merchant, was born in Switzerland coun-\\nty, Indiana, on the 22d of January, 1835, and is a son of William and\\nJulia Ann (Luckey) Phillips. He came and settled with his parents\\nat Mversville in 1844. He worked nine years in the Myersvillc mill.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1081.jp2"}, "1082": {"fulltext": "966 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nHe was married on the 20th of January, 1879, to Martha Gating. In\\npolitics he is a republican.\\nCharles R. Andrews, State Line City, Indiana, farmer, was born in\\nNewell township on the 26th of April, 1853, and is a son of David P.\\nand Rhoda (Zumwalt) Andrews. He has been engaged in school-\\nteaching since he was twenty years of age. Mr. Andrews graduated\\nfrom Mayhew s Commercial College, Danville, in the spring of 1875.\\nHe has traveled across the continent. In politics he is a republican.\\nBenjamin F. Bonebrake, State Line City, Warren county, Indiana,\\nmerchant, was born on the 22d of March, 1839, in Fountain county,\\nIndiana. He is the son of Jacob and Mary Magdalen (Null) Bone-\\nbrake. His father was born on the 28th of February, 1789, near\\nChambersburg, Pennsylvania, and his mother near Richmond, Virginia.\\nThe family settled in Newell township on the 8th of October, 1856\\nthe father dying on his farm on the 25th of July, 1869, and the mother\\non the 21st of March of the same year. Benjamin enlisted in August,\\n1862, in Co. B, 125th 111. Vols., Captain Robert Stewart, and was\\nmustered into United States service as private on the 3d of September,\\n1862. He was promoted to sergeant on the 3d of December, 1862,\\nand to the rank of orderly-sergeant on the 22d of February, 1863. He\\nbecame sergeant-major of the regiment on the 3d of September, 1863,\\nand was in the battles of Perry ville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and\\nmarched to the relief of Knoxville, Tennessee. After that he bore a\\npart in the battles of Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw\\nMountain. At the last named place he received a severe wound in the\\nhead, fracturing the skull. He was in the hospital at Nashville five\\nand one-half months, and rejoined his regiment at Savannah, Georgia,\\non the 14th of January, 1865. On his return a commission as first-\\nlieutenant awaited him for gallant and meritorious conduct at Kenesaw\\nMountain, bearing date of December 5, 1864, and giving him rank\\nfrom the 10th of December, 1864. He commanded Co. B thencefor-\\nward till the close of the service, participating in the final event which\\nsignalized it, namely the grand review of Sherman s army on the\\n25th of May, 1865, in the capital of the nation. He was mustered out\\non the 9th of June paid off at Chicago, and disbanded the 29th.- Mr.\\nBonebrake was married on the 2d of April, 1866, to Mary M. Lindsey.\\nThey have two living children: Ralph and Maud. Lillie died on the\\n5th of August, 1875.\\nAsa M. Bushnell, Bismark, merchant, was born in Cook county, Illi-\\nnois, on the 8th of December, 1850, and is a son of Henry and Lavina\\n(Dayton) Bushnell. He removed with his parents at the age of five\\nyears and settled in Steuben township, Warren county, Indiana. Sub-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1082.jp2"}, "1083": {"fulltext": "NEWELL TOWNSHIP. 967\\nsequently they moved into Newell township, and after four or five years\\nreturned to Cook county, remaining there two or three years, when\\nthey went to Iroquois county and spent a year, after which they settled\\nin Eossville. At this place, in 1873, Mr. Bushnell embarked in mer-\\nchandising. He is postmaster at Bismark, and is keeping a general\\nstore in partnership with Francis M. Gundy. Mr. Bushnell was mar-\\nried on the 15th of October, 1873, to Wilhelmina Shockley, who was\\nborn on the 17th of April, 1856. They have three living children:\\nClyde, born on the 7th of June, 1875 Mabel, on the 30th of Septem-\\nber, 1876; Frank, on the 23d of April, 1878. In politics Mr. Bush-\\nnell is a republican.\\nJames H. Burgoyne, Danville, brickmaker, was born near Union-\\ntown, Muskingum county, Ohio, on the 15th of June, 1834. When\\nten years of age his parents, James and Mary (Minor) Burgoyne, moved\\nwith him to Wayne county, Indiana. In 1859 he came to Catlin, Ver-\\nmilion county, Illinois, but after a brief stay went to Kansas, where he\\nlived a year or two and then returned to Vermilion county on the 3d\\nof September, 1862. He was enrolled for three years in Co. G, 125th\\n111. Vol. Inf., and bore an honorable part in the battles of Perryville,\\nChicamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Rocky\\nFace Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesborough, and\\nin Sherman s march to the sea, and in the later and greater campaign\\nthrough the Carol in as, which practically ended with the battle of\\nBentonsville, in which he was engaged. He passed through Richmond,\\nVirginia, on the homeward march, and was mustered out of the United\\nStates service at Washington City, on the 9th of June, 1865, and the\\nregiment disbanded at Chicago on the 2d day of July. Mr. Burgoyne\\nwas married on the 31st of December, 1867, to Miss Louie Butler.\\nThey have three living children.\\nJoseph S. Johnson, State Line, farmer and stock-shipper, was born\\non the 16th of September, 1827, in Hendricks county, Indiana, and is\\na son of George and Polly (Walter) Johnson. He was married on the\\n16th of March, 1854, to Matilda M. Kemper. He was engaged in\\nmercantile pursuits from 1848 to 1855. He settled in Newell town-\\nship in 1864, and has taught school and music, and has traveled exten-\\nsively in the middle portion of the Union. In Indiana he was county\\ncommissioner, real estate appraiser, deputy sheriff and notary public.\\nIn Newell township he has been assessor and collector, and at the\\npresent time is justice of the peace. Besides these, he has held other\\noffices. He is the father of nine children. He owns eighty-five acres\\nof land, and is an independent in politics.\\nB. F. Marple, State Line, merchant, was born on the 28th of Feb-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1083.jp2"}, "1084": {"fulltext": "968 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nruary, 1837, in Knox county, Indiana, and is the son of Jeremiah and\\nElizabeth (Boyd) Marple. His father died in October, 1842. His\\nearly life was devoted to farming. He clerked in the railroad office at\\nState Line for some time, but abandoning this employment he em-\\nbarked in the drug trade, which he has since continued. He has been\\ntrustee of schools in Kent township three successive terms. Mr. Marple\\nwas married on the 16th of June, 1864, to Mary E. Duncan. They\\nhave three living children Charles, Grace and Stella. In politics Mr.\\nMarple is a democrat, and in religion a Methodist.\\n\u00c2\u00a5m. R. Campbell, State Line, Indiana, farmer, was born in Lan-\\ncaster county, Pennsylvania, on the 23d of September, 1823, and is a\\nson of Obadiah and Delilah (Treen) Campbell descended from revo-\\nlutionary stock. When he was one year old his parents removed to\\nPickaway county, Ohio, thence, in 1830, to Tippecanoe county, Indiana,\\nand in 1837 to Fountain county, where Mr. Campbell resided until\\n1866, when he came to Newell township. He was married on the 28th\\nof December, 1847, to Melinda A. Lucas, who was born on the 2d of\\nJanuary, 1828. He has been in the mercantile business six years.\\nHe served as school trustee several years, and filled the office of super-\\nvisor for Newell township four terms. He has four living children\\nMaria E., Josephine, John F. and Charles A. He owns three hundred\\nand fifteen acres of land, worth $12,500.\\nJonathan Lesher, deceased, was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania\\nin 1831. He was married on the 1st of November, 1855, to Mary\\nLang, in Fountain county, Indiana. He was a firm supporter of the\\nwar for the Union, and being examined was found unfit for military\\nservice; nevertheless he afterward furnished a substitute for the army.\\nIn 1869 he removed to Vermilion county, Illinois, and settled in Newell\\ntownship, where he died on the 1st of November, 1872. Mr. Lesher\\nunited with the Lutheran church at the age of fourteen, and continued\\na consistent member throughout his life.\\nEzra Peters, Bismark, ph} T sician, surgeon, oculist and aurist, was\\nborn in Licking county, Ohio, on the 4th of July, 1846, and is a son\\nof Tunis and Mary (Dicas) Peters. He enlisted in Co. C, 95th Ohio\\nVol. Inf., on the 12th of August, 1862, when but sixteen years of age.\\nHe was engaged at Richmond, Kentucky, where he was taken prisoner;\\nheld three days and paroled took part in the battle of Jackson, Mis-\\nsissippi, on the 14th of May, 1863 siege of Vicksburg siege of Jack-\\nson battles of Tupelo, Mississippi, and Nashville, Tennessee the\\nsiege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, and was mustered out on the 14th of\\nAugust, 1865. He began his education at the University of Michigan,\\nwhere he spent two years, taking two courses of medical lectures at", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1084.jp2"}, "1085": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 969\\nthat institution. He practiced medicine first at Grand Rapids, Michi-\\ngan then at Central City, Nebraska, and again at the former city\\neight years altogether. He entered the Bennett Eclectic College of\\nMedicine and Surgery, graduating therefrom on the 21st of February,\\n1878, and on the 23d of the same month graduated from the Chicago\\nCollege of Ophthalmology and Otology. Since his recent settlement\\nat Bismark, Mr. Peters has successfully operated for cataract in a num-\\nber of cases, extracting the lens and restoring sight. He has contrib-\\nuted one of these cases to the Chicago Medical Times. He was\\nelected vice-president of Illinois State Eclectic Association, held at\\nSpringfield on the 4th and 5th of June, 1879, and was delegated to the\\nnational association, which convened at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 18th\\nof June, 1879. He was married on the 1st of September, 1869, to\\nEdith Conrad.\\nVANCE TOWNSHIP.\\nVance township, as now bounded, occupies a position on the west-\\nern border of the county, and is in the second tier of townships from\\nthe southern line, having Oakwood on its northern boundary, Catlin\\non its eastern, Sidell on its southern, and Champaign county on its\\nwestern. The Salt Fork of the Vermilion river runs through its north-\\nern part nearly the whole length, which is skirted by timber on an\\naverage of about one mile on either bank. The township is seven\\nmiles long east and west, and five miles wide, and contains one section\\nless than a full congressional township. The State Road from Danville\\nto Decatur runs through, keeping as nearly as possible about one and\\none half miles away from the Salt Fork; and the Wabash railway runs\\nvery nearly through its center, having the village of Fairmount, a\\nneatly built and pleasantly located town, situated about one mile from\\nits eastern border. Abundance of building-stone is found along and in\\nthe bed of the stream, and ledges of calcareo-silicious stone crop out\\non the prairie near the center of the town, which is the best known\\nmaterial for making roads, and makes an excellent quality of lime for\\nbuilding purposes, and for dressing for wheat lands. This stone is\\nhard enough to withstand natural destruction from the elements, and\\nsoft enough to wear smooth under wagon-wheels, giving just the\\nquality suitable for McAdam roads. It is being sparingly used here as\\nyet, but in other places in this state where it has been used for years\\nits value has been thoroughly tested and abundantly proved. There is\\na mine of wealth in these ledges of stone, such as crop out on the Big", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1085.jp2"}, "1086": {"fulltext": "970 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nSpring farm of J. 0. Sandusky. The ridge, or divide, between the\\nSalt Fork and the Little Vermilion runs along the southern border of\\nYance, and the prairie land all sheds toward the north, being freely\\nsupplied with streams and small branches, which beautifully water the\\nfarms and afford fine drainage. The surface is neither flat nor hill}\\nhaving sufficient undulation to make it capable of tillage all seasons,\\nwith here and there small mounds or easily rising hills, which add\\nvariegated beauty to the scene no less than real value to its worth.\\nOriginally about twelve square miles of its territory was timber land,\\nbeing about one third of its present surface. This proportion is not\\nmuch varied, for few farms have been made on that portion which was\\ntimber, although, of course, some of it was cut off by early settlers.\\nIt is as fine a tract of farming land as can be found in this or any other\\nstate. Let any one who has an eye to that which is both beautiful and\\nuseful in nature and in rural life drive along the State Road in May or\\nJune in the cool evening, and see, where only a few short years ago\\nall was as nature had prepared it for man, the wealth which has sprung\\nfrom well directed toil and the frugal lives of those who rescued these\\nacres from wild nature, the substantial farm-houses, with their sur-\\nroundings of groves, orchards, herds and buildings, well-tilled land\\nand thrifty crops, and his doubting will be turned into conviction of\\nthe strongest type. Here one sees farm-life arrayed in its goodliest\\nadornments. The small farms that have come down from father to\\nson show the qualities which time lends. The tiresome appearance of\\nnewness which everywhere in the prairie country confronts us is want-\\ning. Everything which adds to comfort is here found.\\nThe earlier settlements were made along this State Road or, to\\nstate it more correctly, they were made along the border of the timber,\\nand the State Road was made here because of this fact. At first the\\nroad wound in and out wherever clearings were made; and, through\\nthe influence of Col. Vance, who was then a member of the legislature,\\nthe road was straightened and adopted as a state road.\\nThe railroad was graded through this town in 1836. It was one of\\nthat network of internal improvements that the state proposed at\\nthat time to prosecute for the purpose of developing the country. It\\nis looked upon now as a wild and visionary scheme. John W. Vance,\\nfrom whom this township was named, aroused serious opposition, and\\ndestroyed whatever prospects he may have had for political promotion,\\nby opposing the railroad scheme, or ring as it would now be called.\\nHis reasons for opposing it were, that it was far in advance of the\\nnecessities of the times, and must result in failure. He, of course, did\\nnot suppose that such a revulsion as came in 1837, was at hand but", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1086.jp2"}, "1087": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 971\\nhis argument was based upon sure and certain business principles. He\\nsaid, in justifying his opposition, that there was not then, and for years\\ncould not be, business to support so many railroads as they were pro-\\nposing to build that a single road would carry all there was to be car-\\nried to market for years to come. This was undoubtedly true, and yet\\nthose whom he was opposing sought to find in his opposition some\\nselfish, hidden reason. He was a statesman, and was about as far in\\nadvance of his time as the railroads of 1836 were. No better evidence\\nof his ability as a legislator is wanted than his record on this matter.\\nHis brother was governor of Ohio, and it is said by those who knew\\nthem both, that John was by far the abler man of the two. The town-\\nship that received his name embraced a portion of what is now Oak-\\nwood until 1866, and he resided in that part of the township.\\nAs soon as the railroad was located, Ellsworth Co. entered all the\\nland along its line, from Danville to Decatur, that had not previously\\nbeen taken, and held it for speculation. Owing to the revulsion which,\\nin due course of nature s law, must, and did, follow the flush times of\\n1836, the speculators did not get an opportunity to sell their land for\\ntwenty years. With the actual building of the Wabash road came\\ntheir opportunity to sell at from five to eight dollars per acre, so that\\ntheir speculation was not a magnificent one by any means, for though\\ntaxation was much lighter then than now, the interest on their invest-\\nment, and taxes for twenty years, amounted to no inconsiderable part\\nof the receipts.\\nEARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nThe first settler known to make a home within the bounds of Vance\\nwas Thomas Osborne, who made a little cabin in section 32, a mile or\\ntwo northwest of Fairmount, in 1825. He did not do any large amount\\nof clearing or farming, but spent his time in fishing and hunting, which\\nlatter was by far the most profitable business of that day and age. The\\nskins and furs of a winter s crop were worth more than a corn crop.\\nOsborne did not stay here long after the game began to grow scarce,\\nbut went on west. Mr. Eowell and Mr. Gazad had cabins near by,\\nand, as squatters, remained around here a short time. In the same\\nneighborhood James Elliot, James French and Samuel Beaver com-\\nmenced a year or two later. They also pushed on farther west, and\\nWilliam Davis bought their claims when he came here soon after.\\nBeaver was a tanner, and kept and worked a small tan-yard, the mate-\\nrial for which business was plenty here at that time. His house stood\\nexactly where the Baptist church was built, in fact, the church was,\\nfor some reason not now known, built around the house, which was\\ntorn down and carried out after the church was enclosed. The church", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1087.jp2"}, "1088": {"fulltext": "972 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nwas built in 1835, and thirty years later was to have been moved to\\nFairmount, but was burned the night before it was to have started on\\nits journey. Henry Hunter took up a claim in 1828, on section 33,\\njust north of Fairmount. He sold to Jennings in 1833, and after liv-\\ning awhile here, died. His family are gone, some still living in Mis-\\nsouri. Jennings, a few years after, sold and went to the vicinity of\\nJacksonville, where his widow still resides. He was a peculiar man,\\nand difficult to get along with was not, in fact, a popular neighbor, or\\na very agreeable man. The Catletts now own the land. Win. Steward\\nthe same year (1828) took up land near by, and died in 1833. His was\\nthe second grave in the Dougherty grave-yard. He is spoken of as\\nbeing a man of excellent character. His land also belongs to the Cat-\\nlett farm. Near by were several old cabins of those who had been here\\nfor a short time. Thomas Redmond and Joseph Yount came the same\\nyear from Ohio, and took up claims in section 3, near Homer. They\\nremained here until they died. Some members of the Yount family\\nlive on the place yet.\\nThe next year James Smith commenced a farm on section 2, near\\nby. He died there, and his family are all gone except William, who\\nlives on a portion of the land which is in section 1. John Cordts owns\\nand occupies the old homestead. A little farther east W. H. Lee set-\\ntled in 1829. He died there, and most of his family are dead also.\\nSuch as are living are in the neighborhood. Win. Hardin settled here\\nat the same time. He was a prosperous and influential man in the\\ncommunity. He died about 1864. One son, Wm. M. Hardin, lives\\nnear by, and one resides in Iowa. These people, as far as known, com-\\nprise the first settlers, and were all from Ohio.\\nWm. O Neal came here in 1829, and three years later sold to Fran-\\ncis Dougherty and moved farther north. His place was on section 34,\\njust northeast of Fairmount. W. Fielder settled near there the next\\nyear, and W. H. Butler settled on the same section. He afterward\\nwent farther east, and made his home in Catlin township. James\\nBuoy purchased his place, which is now owned by James M. Dougher-\\nty. Wm. Reynolds had a claim just north of these, in section 27, and\\nalso went to Catlin, where he was long an influential citizen, and a\\nprominent local preacher of the Methodist church. B. M. Dougherty\\nbought his claim. Mr. Nicholas Van Duzen also settled in this section\\nin 1832, and lived here until 1840. The same year Peter Frazier set-\\ntled on section 28, where he still resides. He is now more than ninety\\nyears old, and is nearly blind. His daughter, Mrs. Smith, lives on the\\nfarm, taking care of her aged father in his declining years. In 1831\\nAaron Dabley came to the same section to live. He sold to Henry", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1088.jp2"}, "1089": {"fulltext": "VANCK TOWNSHIP. 973\\nHunter and removed farther north into Oakwood township, where he\\ndied. His family are nearly all dead, though some still reside there.\\nHarvey Stearns took up a claim on section 5 in 1832. His widow\\nlives on the farm yet, and his sons, Alvin, Calvin and Alonzo, live on\\nfarms near by. Luther Stearns had a farm in section 1, west of Har-\\nvey s. He went to Texas. His son resides in Homer. Geo. Cnstar\\nbought, and Mr. Saladay owns, the land. Pretty much all these set-\\ntlements were on what was the old road, before it was straightened in\\nconformity to the plan to make it the State Road.\\nFrancis Dougherty came here from Brown county, Ohio, in Septem\\nber, 1832, with teams to bring his family and worldly effects. His\\nfamily then consisted of three daughters and one son, Samuel. His\\nson Alexander came with his family at the same time, and another son,\\nB. M., had come a year before. His son James and family, and\\ndaughter, Mrs. Ferrior, and family, came the next year. He purchased\\nland of Mr. O Neal, and afterward entered considerable, amounting in\\nall to nine hundred acres. He was a man of enlarged views and strict\\nbusiness habits, industrious and frugal. When he came he had means\\nenough to commence in a new country comfortably, and his boys had\\nbeen brought up to work. It was not long before they got into easy\\ncircumstances, and were well enough fixed so that the revulsion of\\n1837, which ruined so many, did not affect them much. He died in\\n1860, at the advanced age of ninety-one, leaving to his children and\\ngrandchildren who still live in the neighborhood, and have been\\namong the most energetic business men an honored name, and the\\nmemory of a well-spent life. Mrs. Dougherty died in 1851. Alex-\\nander, who was then just commencing life, still lives in Fairmount.\\nThough now past his three-score and ten, and apparently feeble in\\nphysical strength, his mind is as clear and his recollection as accurate\\nas need be. The writer has been placed under very many obligations\\nto him for the facts for this sketch. He was a member of the first\\nMethodist class ever formed in the township by Father Anderson, at\\nHenry Hunter s, in 1833, and it may be added that, so far as knovvn,\\nhe has never fallen from grace. It is a real pleasure to spend an hour\\nor two with such old citizens, whose minds are stored with the pleasant\\nreminiscences of early days, especially now that so few are left who do\\nreally know any thing which the gleaner for historical statistics needs.\\nDr. Thomas Deacon had a residence in the part of this township which\\nlies north of the Fork, as early as 1830. He acquired considerable\\nland, and was a prosperous man and an excellent citizen. He has\\nrecently died, leaving behind him an honored memory for honesty, in-\\ndustry and thrift. His family still reside there.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1089.jp2"}, "1090": {"fulltext": "974 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nThat portion of the township which lies south of the railroad did\\nnot come into general cultivation until about 1855 or 1860. About\\n1850 it became known that the railroad which had been graded four-\\nteen years before, would be built. Senator Douglas had secured an\\nassurance of the passage through congress of the Illinois Central Rail-\\nroad bill, and it was readily seen that the building of that would force\\nthe completion of the lines already begun. This called attention to\\nland lying within a few miles of these lines, and soon every acre of it\\nwas taken up. Josiah Sandusky, who lived at Catlin, a prosperous and\\ndriving man, took the occasion to enter the land which he had long\\nhad his eye upon, for his son Jacob, just south of where Fairmount\\nnow is, and known as the Big Spring farm. The springs, bubbling\\nup out of the ledge of lime-stone, way out on the prairie, was so notice-\\nable that it had long attracted attention. Everybody in this part of\\nthe county knew the big spring, and everybody thought what a\\nnice place that would be for a milk-house if this prairie ever gets set-\\ntled up, and everybody thought they would like to own that farm some-\\ntime. What others thought, Josiah Sandusky, with his eye as usual\\non the main chance, did. Putting $450 into his pockets, he went to\\nDanville and entered nine forties around this famous spring, making\\na square farm three-fourths of a mile each way, which thirty times that\\namount of money could not buy to-day. He soon brought it into culti-\\nvation, and put on .it the old Butler house, which stood so long the mon-\\nument of the pioneer of Butler s Point. This was, aside from its asso-\\nciations, a famous house. The logs were of black walnut, hewn, and\\nso large that they would now, if sawed into inch boards, bring almost\\nenough, at market rates, to build a good-sized farm residence. While\\neverything about is good, the chief attraction is the magnificent spring,\\nor really a series of springs, which furnish water enough for the stock,\\nand has been utilized at the milk-house, and can be in many other\\nways. Isaac made his home at Catlin, and with his sons, a portion of\\nwhom lived there, became possessed of large landed property, buying\\nup all the farms that were for sale around the mound. They are a\\nremarkable family. In the history of Vermilion county no family has\\ncut so important a figure in its business, social and agricultural con-\\ncerns.\\nFAIRMOUNT.\\nFairmount was platted and recorded December, 1856, by Capt.\\nJosiah Hunt. He was chief engineer of the Great Western railroad,\\nas it was then called, and bought this tract of Mr. Cornelius, after he\\nknew there was to be a station here. The plat included thirty-seven\\nblocks, several of which were mere fractions, owing to the fact that the", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1090.jp2"}, "1091": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 975\\nstreets were made to run parallel with, and perpendicular to, the rail-\\nroad, instead of running with the points of compass. The town was first\\ncalled Salina. R. Q. Cornelius, Joseph Reese, John Allen, John H.\\nFolks platted additions at various times since. The name of the town\\nwas changed to Fairmount, but on the record it remains Salina. The\\nfirst building put up on the site of this town was built by Parish Bow-\\nman, in 1836. They had a job on the railway to do grading in that\\nancient time, and John Dougherty relates that he used to come here to\\nsell potatoes, onions and cabbages in their season, to the railroad men.\\nIt stood just east of the hill, nearly opposite the mill. The station-\\nhouse was first put up on Main street in 1857, and served all the pur-\\nposes of railroad station, residence for Mr. Michael Dunn, tool-house,\\nhotel, and in fact everything but church. Mr. Dunn, who is the pio-\\nneer, and who still lives here doing the railroad work, was. by far the\\nmost important personage in the business. He had great difficulty at\\nfirst in getting a supply of water. The building was 16 x 24, and made\\na very sightly appearance as it was seen from a distance across the prai-\\nries. There was not a tree or a bush growing on the present site of\\nthe village, and young mothers who moved there to live had to provide\\nthemselves with switches for family use, and bring them along with\\nthe household goods. Mr. Dunn says that there was the same lack of\\nswitch for railroad purposes. The side-track was not long enough to\\nsidetrack a train if trains happened to meet here. The first residence\\nwas built where the residence of Mr. Aams now stands.\\nJohn Allen, who owned a farm east of town three miles, where\\nThomas Sandusky now lives, was employed by W. P. Chandler to\\nnegotiate the sale of lots in the new town for Capt. Hunt. He sold a\\ngood many of the lots. J. W. Booker, Andrew Howden, Allen, and\\nothers, purchased. He built a residence upon the site where he now\\nlives, and bought several acres adjoining. Wra. Goodwin built on\\nMain street, where Bradway s drug store now is. Mr. Booker built a\\ndwelling east of Main street; John Haney, a residence on the corner\\nnear the railroad. Allen Booker built the store now occupied by\\nGibson, and Booker lived in it. Mr. Allen kept a boarding-house,\\nhaving eight or ten boarders. Allen Booker put in a general stock\\nof goods, very general^ too, as is remembered, containing everything\\nfrom tin pans to patent medicines. After two years, W. A. Lowery,\\nof Danville, purchased it, and put Charles Tilton in charge of it, a\\nyouth of some experience in mercantile pursuits, and a keen taste for\\nthe business, and who is still selling goods here. He ran it successfully\\nfor nearly two years, when Caleb Yredenberg, an old citizen of Dan-\\nville, bought it, and came here and sold goods for a time, then removed", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1091.jp2"}, "1092": {"fulltext": "976 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nit to Homer. John R. Witherspoon came from Indiana in the spring\\n1869, bringing a store already framed with him, and the carpenters to\\nput it up. He erected it on the corner next to Til ton s present store,\\nand stocked it with goods. He was a successful and experienced busi-\\nness man. He died after about ten years business here. His widow\\nand family still reside here, engaged in the hotel business. John Corts\\ncommenced to build the hotel in 1860, when Mr. Hall bought it and\\nfinished it; afterward enlarging and materially improving it. He con-\\ntinues to occupy it. Mr. Witherspoon occupied the house for a resi-\\ndence which Wm. Woods resides in for one year, after which he lived\\nin. the building where Mr. Stalons now is. This residence had no\\nfence around it, and, during fly-time, the cattle and sheep from a\\nthousand acres used to collect around to find the grateful shade, and\\npick up whatever they could find. If Mrs. W. left the door open for\\na minute, the chances were that the calves would make a raid into her\\npantry, or chase the frightened children, of whom she had a goodly\\nnumber, through the house. Many a time she longed to be back among\\nthe Hoosiers, where at least the cattle were compelled to recognize the\\nfact that white folks had some rights which horned-cattle were bound\\nto respect. For weeks at a time she had to throw out pickets of young\\nWitherspoons and dogs to keep the cattle from eating up her starched\\nclothes out on the line. A boiled shirt seemed to be the particular\\ndelight of the half-grown calves which collected around her castle. This\\nhouse has been enlarged and rebuilt by Mr. Ellis Adams, who still\\nowns it. John B. Turner built the house on the north side of the\\nrailroad, w T here his widow still lives. The house now occupied by\\nLewis E. Booker was built by his father as a residence when he first\\ncame here. F. L. Dougherty built the first elevator in 1859, which\\nwas burned in 1862, and he then built the present one. Joseph\\nDougherty s residence was burned in 1867. Another fire, probably in\\n1866, burned the entire wooden row on the east side of Main street.\\nIt burned Aldridge s and Heistenel s buildings, New s drug store, and\\nsome other small buildings.\\nA fellow by the name of Crawford conceived the idea that here\\nwould be a right smart chance to sell whisky, so he supplied him-\\nself with a little stock of choice native and foreign forty rod, in-\\nstant death, linger long and other choice brands. Messrs. Allen\\nand Catlett, thinking to convert the chap from the evil of his ways,\\nmade a bargain with him to buy his stock, provided he would discon-\\ntinue business permanently. Mrs. Crawford, however, when being in\\nterviewed, separate and aside from her husband, would not consent\\nto the bargain, and Allen had to make the best of so one-sided a bar-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1092.jp2"}, "1093": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1093.jp2"}, "1094": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1094.jp2"}, "1095": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. i77\\ngain, and when he found he could not make a bargain with the woman\\nof the house, crawled under the bed to get the keg, while the old lady\\nwent for him with the rolling-pin in a way he despised. Allen, who\\nwas never known to show the white feather, retreated with the keg\\nthrough the back window, while Catlett covered his retreat in a mas-\\nterly manner. The Crawfords were not conquered, however, and with\\nthe money the citizens had given them, went to Danville and laid in a\\nfresh supply. This was a little too much for the mild temper of John\\nAllen, even. A meeting was held in the upper story of the warehouse,\\nthe only public hall in town, and the situation was discussed in nil its\\nbearings. Seventy citizens at this council of war decided, first, that\\nliquor should not be sold in Fairmount; and second, well, we will\\nsee. The next morning the committee called on the Crawfords and\\nmade known their first resolve, and gave them their choice, to load it\\ninto a wagon which they had in readiness, and take it, with the re-\\nmainder of their plunder, out of town, or be dealt with more harshly.\\nMrs. C. again armed herself with the rolling-pin, but Crawford craw-\\nfished, and consented to roll the stuff out, and when it was loaded, an\\ninfuriated citizen mounted the wagon and cut every hoop off the\\nbarrel in a minute. Since that no attempts have been made to run a\\nsaloon in Fairmount, except the proposition Uncle John Mills\\nmade.\\nMr. John Dougherty built the grist-mill in 1868. It is 40x50, sup-\\nplied with three run of stone, and does excellent work. It cost $15,000,\\nand has run now eleven years without being shut a half day from any\\ncause, Sundays excepted. He built the elevator in 1877, since which\\ntime he has connected the grain trade with that of milling. The mill,\\nunder his management, has been a great success.\\nEev. James Ashmore, the veteran minister of the Cumberland Pres-\\nbyterians, who now resides in Fairmount, has given an energetic life\\nto gospel work, most of which has been spent in this county. His\\nparents were of Koman Catholic birth, and when he was a small child\\na priest of that church offered to take him to Rome and educate him\\nfor the priesthood. His parents assented to the plan, but when the\\ntime came for parting with him they changed their minds and decided\\nto keep him with them. In 1840 he came to Vermilion county and\\ncommenced his life s work. He organized Mt. Pisgah church, in\\nGeorgetown, that year; the Mt, Vernon church, in Catlin, the same\\nyear; the Liberty church, in Elwood, in 1843; the Yankee Point\\nchurch, in Elwood, in 1853; the Miller church, in Carroll, in 1866;\\nand Olive Branch church the same year. Several others, which are\\nnow flourishing churches in this county, have been largely the oft-\\n62", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1095.jp2"}, "1096": {"fulltext": "97S HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nshoots of his early ministerial labors here. A more extended notice of\\nthis honored pioneer, and his son, Henry, will be found on a future\\npage.\\nUncle John Hoobler, as he is familiarly called, an honored\\npreacher of the United Brethren church, settled on the Wabash in\\n1826. From that time his active life has been given to preaching, and\\nto the manual labors which a large business calls for. He came to live\\nin this county in 1846, and purchased the old Ross mill at Rossville.\\nHe was presiding elder of his church the first year, and then located,\\nstill continuing to preach as occasion called for. While there, for five\\nyears he carried on the mill and worked a farm. William Morgan\\nstole all his horses and took them to La Salle county to work a farm\\nwith. After this loss Mr. Hoobler again took a circuit, his brethren\\nin the conference taking up a collection to buy him a horse, which he\\ndeclined to receive. He then went to Livingston county, where he\\nlived thirteen years, preaching and acting as presiding elder while\\nthere. He came to Fairmount to live four years ago. He has been\\ngreatly prospered in worldly affairs, as well as in the ministry, and has\\nmade good use of his opportunities. Though now past seventy, he is\\na brave, hearty, well-preserved old man. He has in his possession now\\na picture of Owen Lovejoy, which that gentleman gave him in 1860,\\nand which he prizes for its associations beyond price, and which he will\\nhand down to his children as a reminder of one of the brave men of his\\nday and generation. He has now sixt} grandchildren, and thirty-three\\ngreat-grandchildren, with one precinct to hear from.\\nJohn P. Mills came from Kentucky to where his brother-in-law,\\nJohn Johns, was living, in Blount township, in 1836. He bought a\\npiece of land on what was then called the barrens, and proceeded to\\nmake a farm. This land was not in any sense barren, but it was desti-\\ntute of timber. He thought at that day that he could make a farm\\neasier on such land than on the prairie a very common opinion then.\\nHe made a farm there, and remained on it fifteen years, and then went\\nto Bean Creek, farther north, and made a farm there, and remained\\nthere fourteen years. He was licensed to preach by Presiding Elder\\nHooper Crews, on the 15th of August, 1840, and ordained a deacon by\\nBishop Hamline, in 1846. He engaged largely in the work of a local\\npreacher, and helped materially to build up the church. He was one\\nof the first in the county to espouse the abolition cause, and feels proud\\nnow of telling that his vote was one of the eleven which were cast in\\nthis county in favor of the clause, which was submitted separately, to\\npermit free persons of color to come into the state. He does not know\\nwho the others were, but is very sure Rev. Enoch Kingsbury was one,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1096.jp2"}, "1097": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. \u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb7 t\\nand some members of the Gilbert family were among the eleven. Mr.\\nKingsbury, though belonging to a different denomination, was always\\na warm personal friend of Mr. Mills. His son Eli died in the service\\nof his country. While very low, and apparently near his end, Mr. D.\\nL. Moody, who was near by, ministering spiritually to the sick and\\nwounded on the boat, raised him up in bed, and he expire! in his arms.\\nHis wife died soon after this, and a few years since, he came to Fair-\\nmount to live, hoping to find a healthy and pleasant location. While\\nhere he solemnized a* marriage which made the two married couples\\nwho were the first ones married in the county one, by marrying Mr.\\nDouglass to Mrs. Snow. Mr. Mills is a jovial and pleasant gentleman,\\nrather fond of a joke or a surprise, as the case may be. When he came\\nto Fairraount to see whether he would decide to come here to live, he\\ngave out that he was looking out for some good place to start a saloon.\\nIt is proper to add that the sign which he carried would hardly in-\\nduce strangers to doubt his sincerity when talking about the saloon\\nbusiness, and he was soon given to understand that he would be served\\nas Crawford was if he undertook that business here.\\nThe name of Cyrus Douglass has often appeared in these pages.\\nAt the time of this writing he still lives at Fairmount, though evi-\\ndently his eventful life is near its end. In Catlin township a correct\\naccount is given of his marriage, the facts of which were furnished the\\nwriter by a lady who knew the circumstances well. After his marriage,\\nfifty-five 7 ears ago, he went to Georgetown township, and afterward\\ninto Elwood township, where he spent his life in farming, and in doing\\nwhatever good he could in his humble way.\\nHiram Hickman came from Brown county, Ohio, to this state, in\\n1828. He went to Old Town timber, in McLean county, and bought\\na piece of land, but returned to this county the next season. There\\nwere no settlements between the Vermilion timber and the Kickapoo\\nat that time. In traveling, he had to go on horse-back, and was nearly\\neaten up by the fierce prairie-flies of that day. In trying to make the\\nGeorgetown timber on his way back, he found the big spring on Jacob\\nSandusky s farm, and believes he is the first white man who ever tasted\\nits waters; but it did not give him perpetual youth or great riches.\\nHis father, who was born in Tennessee, crossed the Ohio River in 1813,\\nand came here to this county in 1831. Hiram made his home in\\nGeorgetown in 1835, and in 1837 commenced keeping tavern there.\\nHe was early drawn into political life, being a strong democrat politi-\\ncally. He was the candidate of that party in 1844, for sheriff, and\\nthinks he was elected though in the contest with Capt. Frazier he\\nresigned, to get a better hold, but he did not get it. Again, in 1846,", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1097.jp2"}, "1098": {"fulltext": "980 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhe was elected, and did not resign he was elected again in 1848. The\\ndnties of sheriff under the old system were very important and pre-\\ncarious. In addition to all the court business, he had the county\\nrevenue to collect, and necessarily required many assistants, who were\\nnot always the class of men who were the safest to trust. In traveling\\nover the state in those days by stage, he frequently had to walk, and\\ndeemed it fortunate if he did not have to carry a rail to help pry the\\nold wagons which by courtesy were called stages out of the sloughs.\\nDuring the time he was in office the country was full of horse-thieves.\\nHe had little trouble in catching them, but they had so many friends\\noutside that he seldom had the pleasure of transporting them to the\\npenitentiary.\\nCHURCHES.\\nThe Goshen Baptist Church was organized about 1832, and services\\nwere held in the Davis school-house and the Stearns school-house, at\\nprivate houses, and wherever most convenient, until 1835, when a\\nchurch edifice was built, as before stated, on the ground occupied by\\nSamuel Beaver s house. Elder Freeman Smalley and Elder G. W.\\nRiley, as in nearly all the other churches of this denomination in the\\ncounty, were the leaders in this, and Benjamin Smalley preached here\\nwith more or less regularity for some years. The building was frame,\\n30x40. Harvey and Luther Stearns, William Lee and James Elliott,\\nwere the leading men in this organization, and it was largely through\\ntheir instrumentality that the church was built. It stood here until\\n1862, when arrangements were perfected to move it to Fairmount,\\nwhen suddenly it burned down in the night. It was thought to be a\\ndispensation of Providence, for the Bible and hymn-book were found\\nout in the bushes, several rods away from the burnt edifice. Services\\nwere usually kept up with considerable irregularity, and the church\\nwas prospered in members and spiritual growth. Elder G. W. Riley\\ncontinued to act as pastor for some time, and was followed by his\\nbrother, J. W. Riley, who was ordained here. Rev. David French,\\nElder Lackey, Rev. Thomas Reese and Elder Yarnell acted as pastors.\\nDuring the pastorate of the latter the present church was built. It\\nis 36x54, and cost $7,000. The membership has usually numbered\\nfrom one hundred to two hundred. Rev. Alexander Cunning was\\npastor ten years, and Rev. Mr. Coffman is at present. The good ser-\\nvices of William Davis, Ellis Adams, Y. M. Davis, E. Bennett, D.\\nGunder, and the Messrs. Catlett, are recognized by the membership for\\ntheir labors in behalf of the interests of the church, and especially in\\nthe building of the fine edifice. A Sabbath-school of one hundred\\nmembers and eight teachers is conducted by E. Holladay, superintend-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1098.jp2"}, "1099": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 9gJ\\nent. The first service held by the itinerant Methodist preachers was\\nin 1833, at the house of Henry Hunter, a mile north of Fairmount. In\\nthe fall of 1835 the first class was formed by Father Anderson, at the\\nhouse of Kichard Cass, over in Conkey Town. The book had on it the\\nnames of Alexander Dougherty and wife, K. Cass and wife and son,\\nthree daughters of Mr. Hunter and Miss Dougherty. Of these original\\nmembers, who forty-four years ago placed their names on the church s\\nbooks, only A. Dougherty remains in connection with this branch.\\nServices continued to be held at the private-houses, and at school-\\nhouses, on both sides of the creek for years. The earliest preachers\\nwere Mr. Harshey, Father Lewis Anderson, Asa L. Risley and Mr.\\nCrissey, the latter quite as noted a man in the church as any who have\\npreached here. Zadock Hall and G. W. West followed, and J. W. York\\ncame soon. This was then the Danville circuit. About 1858 or 1859\\nthis appointment became a part of the Homer circuit, and was removed\\nto Fairmount, by which name it has since been known. The present\\nedifice, 36x46, was erected in 1864. It cost $3,700. Joseph Neville,\\nThomas Short, A. Dougherty, John Aldridge, G. N. Neville and J. W.\\nBooker were among the most active in pushing on the work of building.\\nThe membership is about one hundred and fifty. The Sabbath-school\\nnumbers one hundred and seventeen scholars and fourteen teachers.\\nThe Fairmount Cumberland church was organized by Rev. G. W.\\nJordan, who lives now at Anna, in 1866. The ranks were largely\\nfilled with those who came here to live, and had belonged to the Mt.\\nVernon church. John Allen, Frank L. Dougherty and Maj. Wilson\\nBurroughs were the first session, and continue the same with the addi-\\ntion of James Morris. There are about forty members. The pastors,\\nor stated supplies, have been G. W. Jordan, G. W. Montgomery, James\\nAshmore, H. H. Ashmore and John H. Hess. The church was built\\nin 1871, is 40 x 60, and twenty-foot posts. It cost $4,000. The Sab-\\nbath-school, which numbers forty-five members, is under the superin-\\ntendency of Maj. Burroughs.\\nThe Olive Branch Cumberland, an offshoot of Mt. Vernon church,\\nwas first organized at Old Homer, on the South Fork, by Revs. Messrs.\\nAshmore and Whitlock. It remained there, worshiping in the school-\\nhouse, until the town was removed to its present site, when a church\\nwas built on the State Road on William Hardin s land, now Aaron\\nLee s, 40x60. It is a strong church. Mr. Ashmore continued to\\npreach for it eleven years, and received fifty-four members at one time.\\nSince his pastorate Revs. Messrs. Beals, Whitlock and Eess have served\\nthe church. The Sabbath-school, with a large attendance, is under the\\ncharge of James Morrison.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1099.jp2"}, "1100": {"fulltext": "982 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nA Baptist church, called Salt Fork church, was originally out\\nwest of this near the count} 7 line, and was moved to Fairmount.\\nThe Christian church was organized September, 1877. Elder J. C.\\nMyers had been holding a series of meetings, and organized the church.\\nDr. Hess, of Homer, and Elder A. H. Morris have since served the\\nchurch. The trustees elected were J. H. Walton, L. Doney, E. A.\\nHawkins and Parley Martin H. Jackson, chairman Mr. Walton,\\nclerk. E. A. Hawkins was elected elder. There are twenty-nine mem-\\nbers. The church, a neat and pretty edifice, 26X36, with belfry, spire\\nand bell, was built in 1877 and 1878, at a cost of $1,200. Social meet-\\nings are held each Lord s day. There is no pastor at present.\\nFairmount was incorporated on the 1st of January, 1863. It em-\\nbraced the E. of the S.E. of Sec. 4, and some additions to the town\\nordinances were adopted on the 16th of February. The town has\\nnever licensed the sale of intoxicating liquors. The first board of trus-\\ntees consisted of John Allen, president E. E. Bennett, A. Honelin,\\nF. L. Dougherty and R. B. Ray.\\nDistrict No. 2, which embraces the village of Fairmount, built its\\nfirst school-house in 1859, at a cost of $400. The present building,\\n40x48, two stories high, brick, with four rooms, was built in 1865.\\nIt is a neat and in every respect a suitable building, and cost $4,500.\\nThe district employs three teachers, and has an average of one hundred\\nand fifty scholars. The present school board is composed of Dr. R. B.\\nRay, president H. B. Gibson, secretary, and L. E. Booker. The school\\nis in very good hands and is successful.\\nThe Fairmount Silver Cornet Band was organized in 1872. It is\\ncomposed of the following persons and pieces John Watson, leader,\\nfirst E-flat cornet C. G. Adams, second E-flat cornet Zeno Stalons,\\nB-flat cornet; John Simpson, solo alto; Benny Simpson, second alto;\\nJacob Stadler, first tenor; C. H. Simpson, baritone; Reuben Jack,\\ntuba Ed. Thomas, bass drum Fred Wilkins, tenor drum.\\nThe Greenback Band has the following E. Robertson, leader,\\nE-flat cornet Wm. Thomas, B-flat cornet Miss Winnie Robertson, solo\\nalto; George Wright, second alto; W. McAllister, first tenor; Armor\\nTrimble, tuba Charles Robertson, bass drum.\\nFairmount Lodge, No. 590, A.F. A.M., was organized under dis-\\npensation, on the 9th of January, A.L. 5868. The officers at its organ-\\nization were H. H. Catlett, W.M.; J. S. Cox, S.W.; John Smoot,\\nJ.W.; J. H. Dougherty, Treasurer S. S. Burk, Secretary J. Reese,\\nS.D.; J. B. Folks, J.D.; J. Allman, Tyler. The charter was received\\non the 6th of October, 1868. The charter members, in addition to\\nthose given above, were E. P. Davis, George Cornelius, Alex. Cum-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1100.jp2"}, "1101": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 933\\ning, Jesse Doney, L. H. Burroughs, J. R. Witherspoon, S. Freese, J.\\nM. Burroughs, D. Gunder, J. H. Littler, G. W. Jordan and F. D. Meb-\\nlick. The Worshipful Masters serving in the order of their election\\nsince that have been H. H. Catlett, John Smoot, H. H. Catlett, T.\\nW. Buckingham, T. W. Buckingham, S. W. Cox, H. H. Catlett, B. F.\\nKehoe, J. R. Baldwin. The present officers are: S. W. Cox, W.M.;\\nW. W. Stockton, S.W.; B. F. Kehoe, J.W.; Jesse Doney, Treasurer;\\nJ. J. Smith, Secretary; J. M. Reese, S.D.; Zeno Stalons, J.D.; John\\nReese, Tyler. The average membership has been forty. It meets sec-\\nond and fourth Thursdays in each month. The Lodge is in a prosper-\\nous condition.\\nA list is given below of the names of those who have been elected\\nto the principal township offices since the organization of Oakwood\\ntownship, in 1866\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor and Collector.\\n1866 C. Radcliffe G. W. Powell A. Stearns.\\n1867. .133 Geo. A. Fox G. W. Powell A. Steams.\\n1868 Jesse Doney G. W. Powell A. Stearns.\\n1869 J. H. Dougherty J. R. Witherspoon A. Stearns.\\n1870 J. H. Dougherty T. M. Brittingharn A. Stearns.\\n1871.... 132 W. B. Squires T. M. Brittingharn A. Stearns.\\n1872. .150 J. H. Dougherty Reuben Jack A. Stearns.*\\n1873. .158 H. Yerkes Reuben Jack Aaron Lee.\\n1874. .165 H. Yerkes G. A. Stadler L. B. Loomis.\\n1875 172 H. Yerkes Reuben Jack L. B. Loomis.\\n1876 144 H. Yerkes Reuben Jack L. B. Loomis.\\n1877 H. Yerkes W. H. Thomas L. B. Loomis.\\n1878 J. K. Mussleman W. H. Thomas L. B. Loomis.\\n1879 J. K. Mussleman J.J.Smith L. B. Loomis.\\n*L. B. Loomis, collector.\\nThe justices of the peace have been G. A. Fox, F. L. Dougherty,\\nJ. D. New, L. M. Moore, Jesse Doney, George Bowen, James Thomas,\\nReuben Jack.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nWilliam Smith, Homer, Champaign county, farmer and stock-raiser,\\nsection 1, son of James and Mary Smith, was born in Clarke county,\\nOhio, in 1827, and came with his parents to Vermilion county, in No-\\nvember, 1829, and settled within a quarter of a mile of where he now\\nresides. His father was born in Pennsylvania, on the loth of July,\\n1792, and died in this county on the 22d of July, 1872. His mother\\nwas born in Ohio, on the 25tii of January, 1794, and died in this county\\non the 29th of July, 1854. The subject of our sketch was united in\\nmarriage on the 8th of May, 1849, to Miss Lucy A. Sadler, daughter\\nof William and Keziah Sadler, who were early settlers of the county.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1101.jp2"}, "1102": {"fulltext": "984 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nShe was a native of Virginia, and was born on the 8th of June, 1829.\\nBy this union they have a family consisting of four sons and two\\ndaughters: James E., William E., Byron, Abraham L., Mary B. and\\nSarah J. Mr. Smith owns a fine farm of three hundred and ninety-five\\nacres, with good improvements, which he has obtained by his industry.\\nHe attended the centennial in 1876. He has resided in this county fifty\\nyears, and has not once had the attendance of a physician.\\nWilliam M. Hardin, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 14,\\nwas born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 29th of July, 1829, and came\\nto this county with his parents, William and Elizabeth Hardin, in the\\nsame year. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother\\nof Ohio, and they resided in Vermilion county until their death. His\\nfather was born on the 8th of March, 1794, and died on the 15th of\\nAugust, 1868. His mother was born December, 1800, and died on the\\n22d of October, 1860. Mr. Hardin has been twice married. In 1850\\nhe was united in wedlock to Miss Prudence Acree, who was born on\\nthe 17th of April, 1820, and died on the 18th of December, 1858. His\\nsecond marriage was in 1860, to Mary M. Burroughs, daughter of Jesse\\nand Mary Burroughs. She was born in Ripley county, Indiana, on the\\n16th of Juty, 1833. Mr. Hardin is the father of three children by\\nhis former wife Mary E., wife of J. B. Hendrickson George A. and\\nWilliam L.; and three by present wife Jesse B., John T. and Eva M.\\nMr. Hardin and wife are members of the C. P. church. He owns one\\nhundred and thirty acres of land, on which he has made all the im-\\nprovements. In politics he is a staunch republican.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Elliott, Fairmount, farmer, section 7, was born in\\nCoshockton county, Ohio, on the 22d of January, 1831. She was the\\nwife of the late William Elliott, who was a native of Clinton county,\\nOhio, and born on the 24th of February, 1827. He came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1829, with his parents, and improved a large farm on the\\nprairie, where he was one of the first settlers. He died on the 21st of\\nNovember, 1878, leaving a widow and six children to mourn his loss.\\nThe names of the children were Nancy, Barton S., James W., Ellis R.,\\nMilton F., John D. and Rosie B. Mr. Elliott was an industrious and\\nhard-working man, and was a respected citizen. He was a member of\\nthe Baptist church of which Mrs. Elliott is now a member.\\nMary A. Yount, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 2,\\nformerly Mary A. Ashmore, wife of the late Charles G. Yount, was\\nborn in Clarke county, Illinois, on the 25th of June, 1826, and came to\\nVermilion county in 1846. She was married to Charles G. Yount, on\\nthe 6th of January, 1850, who was a native of Kentuckj^, born on the\\n26th of May, 1827, and who came to this county in 1830, where he", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1102.jp2"}, "1103": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. i.,\\nremained until his death, which occurred on the 13th of June, 1874.\\nHe left a widow and four children: Josephus, Andrew, Armilda and\\nAlice. Mr. Yount was an industrious and hard-working man, and is\\nmissed in the community where he lived. He improved a farm of two\\nhundred and forty-nine acres, which is kept in good repair by his two\\nsons.\\nA. H. Dougherty, Fairmount, was born in Brown county, Ohio, on\\nthe 22d of July, 1805, and there he remained until twenty-seven years\\nof age. He was married to Miss J. Kirkpatrick, on the 13th of June,\\n1829, a native of Brown county, Ohio, born on the 26th of August,\\n1811. Mr. Dougherty removed to Vermilion county in 1832, and\\nsettled within a mile and a half of Fairmount, where he remained\\nuntil the death of his wife, on the 3d of March, 1863, when he came\\nto Fairmount. He married Mrs. Mary A. Hays, on the 8th of Decem-\\nber, 1864, a native of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, born on the 8th\\nof October, 1823. He has been unfortunate in raising a family. He\\nhas had five children, all of whom are deceased. Mr. Dougherty came\\nto this county with his father, mother, three sisters and a brother.\\nOne brother came a year previous, and a brother and sister came one\\nyear after. His father was a native of Maryland, born in March, 1769,\\nand died in October, 1860. His mother was a native of Pennsylvania,\\nborn in 1775, and died in 1850. Mr. Dougherty has been a constant\\nmember of the M. E. church since 1835. His wife, now deceased, was\\nalso a member from 1834 until her death. His present wife has been\\na member of the same church for twenty -five years. Mr. Dougherty\\nreturned to his old home in Ohio, after an absence of forty years, and\\nleft there to return home on the same day of the year on which he\\ncame west, forty years previous. Mr. Dougherty has been an honest\\nand respected citizen, and now is in his seventy-fourth year, apparently\\nin good health; but if he should live the longest life allotted to man,\\nhe must soon be called to join his friends in that distant land where\\nthe pioneer will ever be at rest.\\nAlvin Stearns, Homer, Illinois, farmer and stock-raiser, section 1,\\nson of Harvey and Fannie Stearns, was born in Clinton county, Ohio,\\non the 28th of November, 1815, and came with his parents to Ver-\\nmilion county in 1832. Mr. Stearns now resides on the farm where his\\nparents first settled when they came to the county. His father, Harvey,\\nwas born in Vermont in 1791, and resided in this county until his\\ndeath, on the 30th of November, 1847; and his mother, Fannie Lock-\\nwood, was a native of York state, born on the 8th of December, 1790,\\nand died on the 1st of August, 1877. Alvin Stearns was united in\\nmarriage, on the 12th of April, 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Lee, daughter", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1103.jp2"}, "1104": {"fulltext": "986 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof W. H. Lee, who came to Vermilion county in 1829. Mrs. Stearns\\nwas born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 19th of April, 1819. Her\\nfather was a native of South Carolina, born on the 8th of August, 1798,\\nand died on the 14th of January, 1855. Her mother was a native of\\nVirginia, born on the 7th of June, 1797, and now is living with Mr.\\nStearns. Mr. Stearns is the father of two sons and one daughter:\\nLawson, Ersom, and Rosella J., wife of T. B. Craig. He has served as\\nassessor and township collector for eight years. He and his wife have\\nbeen constant members of the Baptist church for thirty years. The\\nresult of the industry and thrift of Mr. Stearns is a fine farm of six\\nhundred acres. He is a staunch republican.\\nCalvin Stearns, Fairmount, farmer, section 6, was born in Clinton\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 28th of October, 1820. He came to Vermilion\\ncounty with his parents in 1832, and now lives within one mile of\\nwhere they settled when they came to the county. Mr. Stearns has\\nbeen three times married. He was united in wedlock to Miss Priscilla\\nLee on the 25th of February, 1844, who was born in Clinton county,\\nOhio, on the 30th of December, 1821, and departed this life on the\\n10th of June, 1850. His second marriage was to Mary H. Rodgers,\\non the 31st of March, 1853, a native of this county. She was born on\\nthe 13th of August, 1836, and died on the 13th of October, 1858.\\nHe married his present wife, Miss Clarinda Cronkhite, on the 20th of\\nJune, 1867, born in Warren county, Indiana, on the 16th of February,\\n1848. He became the father of one child by his first wife, Eveline,\\nand one by his second wife, Mary H., now wife of F. Cronkhite, and\\nby his present wife, two William C. and Lillie M. Mr. Stearns owns\\none hundred and seventy-five acres of land, on which he has made the\\nimprovements. He was formerly a whig until the republican party\\nwas organized, when he joined its ranks, and has since been identified\\nwith that party.\\nAlonzo Stearns, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, section 8, was\\nborn in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 28th of June, 1826, and came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, with his parents in 1832. He was married\\nin 1850 to Miss Sarah E. Catlett, daughter of L. T. Catlett, who was\\nan early settler of this county. She was born in Virginia on the 8th\\nof January, 1833, and by their union there have been born six children:\\nEdwin H., Herald J., Hermon A., Lawrence O., Clement H. and Her-\\nbert E. Mr. Stearns and his wife have long been united with the\\nBaptist church. He owns a fine farm, which is the result of his\\nindustry.\\nJ. H. Dougherty, Fairmount, miller and grain dealer, was born in\\nBrown county, Ohio, in 1827, and came with his parents to Vermilion", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1104.jp2"}, "1105": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. |,S7\\ncounty in 1833, and first settled one mile north of the now village of\\nFairmount. His father, James, was born in Brown county, Ohio, in\\n1802, and died in this county in 1835. His mother, Mary Dougherty,\\nwas born in Ohio in 1800, and died in 1834. Mr. Dougherty then\\nresided with his friends for some time, living four years with Samuel\\nGilbert, one of the early settlers of the county. When grown to\\nmanhood, he started for himself by farming in different parts of the\\ncounty. He has been twice married. His first union was in 1854 to\\nMiss Margaret Chenoweth, but she lived only eighteen months. His\\nsecond marriage, in 1857, was to Miss C. A. Groves, and by these unions\\nthere have been born three sons and two daughters James L., Mary,\\nJoseph, Bertie, and Charley, now deceased. Mr. Dougherty has served\\non the board of supervisors, and has been a member of the Masonic\\norder for twenty-six years.\\nWilliam Davis, Fairmount, farmer, section 6, was born in Guernsey\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 25th of January, 1811, and came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1834, settling on the farm where he now resides. He has\\nbeen twice married. His first union was on the 17th of September,\\n1834, to Miss Elizabeth Hays, a native of Washington county, Penn-\\nsylvania. She was born in 1811, and departed this life in 1861. His\\nsecond marriage was to Mary C. Catlett, in 1863, a native of Virginia,\\nborn on the 23d of August, 1821. Mr. Davis is the father of three\\nsons and four daughters by his former wife: Rachel, wife of D.\\nRoudybush; Edith J., wife of B. Browning; David C, Henry, Jemima,\\nwife of S. Cox William F., and Lydia, wife of G. Baird. Mr. Davis\\nnow owns eight hundred acres of fine land, and has given property\\nto the amount of $3,500 to each of his children. He and his family\\nare members of the Baptist church.\\nJames Davis, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 1, son of\\nHenry and Rachel Davis, was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, on the\\n21st of January, 1828. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania.\\nHis father was born on the 20th of September, 1781, and died in 1855.\\nHis mother was born on the 3d of June, 1785, and died on the 1st of\\nNovember, 1848. They were among the early settlers of Vermilion\\ncounty, having removed from Ohio to this county in 1836, and settled\\non the farm where James now resides. On the 18th of October, 1849,\\nMr. Davis took a life partner, his choice being the daughter of :m early\\nsettler of this county, Miss America J. Boggess, who was born in this\\ncounty, on the 3d of May, 1833. They have one son and one daugh-\\nter: John T., born on the 17th of September, 1850; Rachel A., born\\non the 19th of November, 1852, now wife of E. R. Danforth. Mr. and\\nMrs. Davis have long been united with the Baptist church. Mr. I avia", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1105.jp2"}, "1106": {"fulltext": "988 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nis a member of A.F. A.M., 199, Homer Lodge. He made a trip\\nacross the plains to California in 1875, and was at the Centennial in\\n1876. He was a democrat until the breaking out of the war, since\\nwhich he has been a staunch republican.\\nE. P. Davis, Fairmount, farmer, section 5, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 12th of September, 1836. His parents were of\\nWelsh descent. His father was born in 1808, and died in 1857. His\\nmother was born in 1808, and died in 1837. They were among the\\nearly settlers of the county, coming here in 1832. Mr. Davis is a mem-\\nber of the A.F. A.M., and politically, is a republican.\\nWilson Burroughs, Fairmount, farmer, was born in Dearborn coun-\\nty, Indiana, in 1825, and came to Vermilion county with his parents in\\n1839. They settled near Catlin. Mr. Burroughs is a patriotic man,\\nand took an active part in the late rebellion. He went out as captain\\nof Co. E, 73d 111. Vol. Inf., which office he faithfully filled until 1864,\\nwhen he was promoted to major, and served till the close of the war.\\nHe was in the battles of Perry ville, Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, Ken-\\nesaw Mountain, Resaca, Jonesboro, two days at Nashville, and all the\\nbattles in which the regiment was engaged, except Murfreesborough.\\nIn 1844 he was married to Miss Martha A. Thompson, daughter of\\nJohn and Esther Thompson, who were early settlers of the county.\\nShe was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, in 1827, and came with\\nher parents to this county in 1830. Mr. Burroughs has two sons and\\ntwo daughters Melissa, wife of I. N. Wilcox Ellsworth T. Esther\\nM., wife of W. P. Witherspoon, and Newton W. and two deceased,\\nEsther and Josephine M. Mr. and Mrs. Burroughs are members of\\nthe C. P. church.\\nCharles Tilton, Fairmount, merchant, was born in Montreal, Can-\\nada, on the 30th of April, 1837, and came with his parents to Danville\\nin 1839. When but six years of age his mother died, and he lived with\\nthe family of Willis Hubbard, one of the early settlers of the county,\\nbut his father married again and he moved with the family to the\\nEight-Mile Prairie, where he remained on the farm until fourteen years\\nof age, attending school winters and working on the farm in the sum-\\nmers. He left the farm and engaged as clerk at Higginsville, where he\\nremained one year, and then returned to Danville and became an ap-\\nprentice-clerk with Palmer Leverich. He remained with them until\\n1857, when he engaged as book-keeper with Partlow Co., with whom\\nhe remained one year. He came to Fairmount and went in partner-\\nship with William A. Lowery, where he remained one year, after which\\nhe closed out and returned to Danville. He continued in the latter\\nplace in business until 1862, when he returned to Fairmount, and in", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1106.jp2"}, "1107": {"fulltext": "VANCE township. ggg\\nJuly, 1862, enlisted a company of infantry for the lute war, and on the\\n21st of August an election being held, was elected 1st lieutenant. The\\ncompany became Co. E of the 73d 111. Vol. Inf., and wa transported\\nto the field of action. He participated in the battles of Chickamauga,\\nMission Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, At-\\nlanta, Jonesborough, Franklin and Nashville, lie was promoted to\\ncaptain, and at the close of the war returned to this count v. He was\\nengaged in the grain and produce business in Chicago for three years.\\nHe then went to Kansas and founded the town of Oxford, and re-\\nmained there four years and then returned to Danville, and married\\nMiss Martha Craig in 1872, a native of this county. He returned to\\nKansas where he remained until the death of his wife, on the 9th of\\nOctober, 1873, which left Mr. Tiltbn with one child Martha. He\\nreturned to Danville, and then came to Fairmount, where he engaged\\nin the dry-goods business.\\nRev. Hiram H. Ashmore was born in Vigo county, Indiana, on the\\n10th of April, 1829. In 1840 his father moved from near his birth-\\nplace to Vermilion county, Illinois, since which time he has been a resi-\\ndent of this county, except ten years following 1864, in which he lived\\nat Ashmore, Coles county, Illinois. He received a moderate education\\nat Steel s Academy, Grand View, Edgar county, and at Georgetown\\nSeminary, in this county. He was licensed a minister of the Cumber-\\nland Presbyterian church, at Bloomtield, Edgar county, in October,\\n1853, after which he spent near two years teaching and preaching in\\nArkansas, during which time he became acquainted with southern so-\\nciety and institutions. After two years in the south he returned to\\nthis county and settled in Elwood township, near Ridge Farm. He\\nwas ordained a member of Foster Presbytery in 1856, and preached in\\nRidge Farm until the war. In 1856 he took an active stand against\\nthe institution of slavery, and the unjust laws enacted in the interest of\\nthat institution compelling any man, north or south, under heavy pen-\\nalties, to assist the army and civil officers, if necessary, to catch and re-\\nturn the fleeing slave. In 1860 he took an active part in the election\\nof President Lincoln, and in the following year he was called upon to\\nmake a speech to the Georgetown company of the 25th regiment, and\\nadvised them to go and stick together, as their country needed then-\\nservices, and that he intended to raise a company of cavalry and go into\\nthe service. The men, divided as they were, answered, You go and we\\nwill go. I never back out in a good cause, was the answer. He\\nenlisted as a high private, was appointed commissary sergeant of\\nthe regiment, and in eleven months was appointed and commissioned\\nchaplain. Many soldiers a thousand or more professed religion", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1107.jp2"}, "1108": {"fulltext": "990 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nunder his preaching. He was with his regiment under tire in seven-\\nteen hard-fought battles, and over three hundred small engagements;\\nwas captured in the battle of Chickamauga, sent to Libby Prison, after\\na week s preaching each alternate night, was exchanged joined his\\nregiment again in the midst of the battle of Mission Ridge. He never\\nwould allow himself to be detailed away from his regiment, because he\\nhad promised the Georgetown boys he would stick to them as long\\nas there was a button on their coats. Mr. Ash more wants the rebels\\nforgiven, but not to be made leaders in our national affairs. He and\\nhis father, Rev. James Ashmore, live at Fairmount in this county.\\nMr. Ashmore says he prides himself in Vermilion county, because she\\ntakes his maimed and crippled comrades and tills her places of honor\\nwith them has been identified with her interest nearly all his life\\nwants to see Danville our capital a first-class city; wants to see\\none metropolitan, agricultural and mechanical county fair decorated by\\nall the fine arts. In line\\nTo live, and be missed when you die,\\nIs the crown of the noblest life.\\nRev. James Ashmore was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, on\\nthe 17th of August, 1807. He married Catharine Armstrong in 1828,\\nand resided on a farm in Clarke county until 1840. He was licensed to\\npreach on the 17th of October, 1833, and ordained on the 10th of Octo-\\nber, 1837, by Vandalia Presbytery, of the Cumberland Presbyterian\\nChurch. With his wife and four children he moved to Vermilion\\ncount} 7 in March, 1840, and he became a home missionary under Foster\\nPresbyteiw, of the C. P. church. He traveled extensively, and often\\npreached through the week as well as on the Sabbath. His sermons\\nwould often average three hundred and sixty-five per annum, and were,\\nfor the first five or six years of his residence in this county, delivered\\nmostly in school-houses and private residences. He lived from March,\\n1840, to October, 1843, on the Alexander McDonald farm, four miles\\nwest of Georgetown, and often preached in the residence of Mr. Mc-\\nDonald and Abram Sandusky, each of whom were worthy ruling\\nelders of one of his congregations. If their grandchildren (now nu-\\nmerous in this county) could see one of these pioneer congregations wor-\\nshiping in the private houses of these good men (long dead and gone\\nto their reward), they would then know more of the progress of this\\ncounty than history can tell them. In 1843 Mr. Ashmore moved to\\nVance township, on the Salt Fork, and organized Mt. Vernon congre-\\ngation, three miles west of Butler s Point (now Catlin). Since which\\ntime he has lived about half his time in Elwood and Vance townships,\\nrespectively, the last seven years in Fairmount. He preached to", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1108.jp2"}, "1109": {"fulltext": "v i. T0W2S hi i p. 99]\\nMt. Pisgah congregation, two miles wes\\\\ of Georgetown, twenty-nine\\nyears in succession -three years since\u00e2\u0080\u0094 making thirty-two pears in all.\\nHe has organized thin egations, and under his preaching there\\nhave been about four thousand five hundred professions of religion.\\nHe is now in his seventy-second year, hah; and hearty, still preaches\\nwith zeal and energy, and has accumulated considerable property, lb-\\nhas been married three times, and each of the deceased, as well as his\\nliving wife, are natives of Tennessee his native state, lie has four\\nteen children living and ten dead. Three of his sons are minist\\nthe gospel.\\nHenry Davis, Fairmount, farmer, section 18, was born in Vance\\ntownship, Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 5th of May, 1841. He has\\nbeen twice married. He was married on the 24th of December, L868,\\nto Miss Nancy Cox, a native of Miami county, Ohio. She was horn in\\n1838, and died on the 24th of September, 1874. On the 7th of Septem-\\nber, 1875, he was married to Miss Rebecca E. Baird, a native of Brown\\ncounty, Ohio born on the 3d of January, 1855. Mr. Davis has\\nthree children by present wife: Freddie L., Grade E. and Sarah M.\\nHe owns one hundred and fifty acres of land, on which he has made\\nmost of the improvements. He and his wife are members of the Bap-\\ntist church, and politically he is a democrat.\\nIn every profession there are those who, by years of hard study,\\nconstant practice, and a close attention to business, are the recognized\\nin their professions. This position has been attained and honestly\\nearned by Robert B. Ray, M.D., of Fairmount, the subject of this\\nsketch, who for twenty-three years has been a practicing physician and\\nsurgeon. He is the son of Robert and Mildred J. Ray, who were\\nnatives of Kentucky. His father was a In-other of James B. Kay,\\nex-governor of Indiana. They moved to Dearborn county, Indiana,\\nduring the early settlement of that county. Here the subject of our\\nsketch was born, on the 18th of February, 1830. But little of the\\nsurroundings of his early life are known. In 1843 he first came to\\nVermilion county, Illinois, where he remained until 1855, engaged in\\nagricultural pursuits. At the above date he began the study of med-\\nicine, taking his first course of lectures at the Rush Medical Collef\\nChicago during the winter of* 1855-56. In 1856, after leaving college,\\nhe went to Shelby county, Missouri, where he practiced his profi\\nfor one year. He then moved to Macon, in the adjoining county, and\\nwhile there was united in marriage to Miss Fannie, daughter of\\nand Ellen Beecher, who were early and prominent pioneers of Fair-\\nfield county, Ohio. This latter place was Mrs. Ray native place,\\nwhere she was born on the 20th of July, 1838. They were married on", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1109.jp2"}, "1110": {"fulltext": "992 HISTOKY OF VEKMILION COUNTY.\\nthe 23d of December, 1858. In 1860 the Doctor returned to Chicago\\nand finished his medical education, graduating with honor and receiv-\\ning a diploma. In 1861 he returned to Vermilion county, Illinois,\\nlocating at Fairmount, where he has since resided. He left Missouri\\non account of his political views, he being a staunch Union man, while\\nmany of his neighbors were very radical in their views on the opposite\\nside of the question. He and Mrs. Ray are both members of the M. E.\\nchurch. The Doctor is also a member of the Vermilion County Med-\\nical Society. They have a family of three children. The eldest,\\nBeecher B., was born on the 11th of October, 1859, and in August,\\n1879, became a graduate in the scientific course of Valparaiso College.\\nThe next younger is Agnes B., who was born on the 3d of March,\\n1867. The last and youngest is Robert T., born on the 19th of April,\\n1869.\\nJ. S. Gilkey, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 19, is a\\nnative of Vermilion county, born \u00c2\u00abon the 16th of September, 1843. His\\nfather came to the county in 1830. His parents were natives of Ken-\\ntucky. His father died in 1877, and his mother in 1846. In the late\\nrebellion Mr. Gilkey enlisted in 1861, in Co. I, 26th 111. Vol. Inf., and\\nserved until the close of the war. He was in twenty-eight engage-\\nments, such as Madrid, Missouri; Island No. 10, siege of Corinth,\\nIuka, \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Farmington, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Chattanooga, Straw-\\nberry Plains, and others. He was taken prisoner at Cave Springs, and\\nheld as a prisoner of war five months. He was also a prisoner at Chat-\\ntanooga for a short time. He returned home at the close of the war,\\nand, on the 1st of March, 1866, married Miss Mary J. Goodrich, a\\nnative of Union county, Ohio, born on the 30th of July, 1848. They\\nhave had five children born to them, three living: Celestia L., Seblin\\nB., Amy O., and two dead.\\nRev. John Hoobler, Fairmount, was born in Perry county, Pennsyl-\\nvania, on the 2d of August, 1801. He removed to Montgomery county,\\nOhio, in 1823 thence to Fountain county, Indiana, in 1832, and to\\nVermilion county, Indiana, where he represented the county, in 1836\\nand 1837, also in 1841 and 1842. He removed to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, in 1847, and settled in Ross township, where he was the first\\nelected supervisor. He then went to Livingston county, Illinois, in\\n1851, where he was presiding elder for six years. From there he went\\nto Perrysville, Indiana, in 1872, and there he acted as local preacher.\\nHe returned to Vermilion county in 1874. He has been twice mar-\\nried: first, to Miss Rebecca Fetterhoof, in 1S21, born in Franklin\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 5th of June, 1796, and died on the 6th\\nof August, 1871. His second marriage was to Lydia A. Hulick, on the", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1110.jp2"}, "1111": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 993\\n17th of February, 1872. She is a native of Pennsylvania, born on the\\n21st of November, 1816. Mr. Hoobler was the father of eleven chil-\\ndren by his former wife, of whom eight are living: Jeremiah, Jemima,\\nwife of D. Gouty; David, John F., Frederick, Mary, wife of J. W.\\nFleshman, Andrew J. The deceased are: Win. 0., Julia, and Daniel\\nV. Mr. Hoobler is now the great-grandfather of twenty-two children,\\nand grandfather of sixty-eight.\\nIsaac Simpson, Fairmount, manufacturer of wagons, was born in\\nFountain county, Indiana, on the 9th of February, 1822, and came to\\nVermilion county in 1845. He stopped at Georgetown for some time,\\nand then left the county, to return again in 1847, and located in Dan-\\nville, where he followed blacksmithing until 1868. He then moved\\non a farm three and a half miles southeast of Catlin, ami, in 1869,\\nremoved to Fairmount. On the 13th of July, 1848, he was married to\\nMiss Elizabeth Richards, daughter of Henry and Hannah Richards,\\nwho came to this county in 1833. She was born in Washington county,\\nTennessee, on the 29th of March, 1825. They have eight children\\nthree sons and five daughters: Mary E., wife of G. Burghart; Jennie,\\nwife of J. H. McCorkle John F., Lillie, Charley H., Annie, Susan\\nand Isaac B., all of whom were born in Danville. Mr. Simpson cut\\nthe first county seal for Vermilion county, and sent the first coal from\\nDanville east for inspection.\\nTownsend Hendrickson, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section\\n11, was born in Queen s county, New York, on the 18th of August,\\n1824. He came to Fayette county, Ohio, in 1840, and, while there,\\nwas married to Miss Malinda Ocheltree, in 1848, who was a native of\\nRoss county, Ohio, born in 1825. Mr. Hendrickson removed to Ver-\\nmilion county on the 23d of February, 1849, and has resided in this\\ncounty ever since, except while in the army. He enlisted at the com-\\nmencement of the war, leaving his wife and a family of small children\\nto attend the farm, in Co. E, 73d 111. Vol. Inf., and was in all the\\nfights in which the regiment was engaged but one, such as Perryville,\\nStone River, Murfreesboro Mission Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church,\\nKenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro He is\\nthe father of three sons and one daughter: Mary A., wife of A. Mor-\\nison; Jesse B., John O. and Albert T. Mr. Hendrickson owns a\\nfine farm of two hundred and sixty-five acres, on which he has made\\nall the improvements.\\nJesse Mantle, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 14, son of\\nHenry and Catharine Mantle, was born in Alleghany county, Pennsyl-\\nvania, in 1814, and removed to Fayette county, Ohio, in about 1820.\\nMr. Mantle was bound out at thirteen years of age to learn the tanner s\\n63", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1111.jp2"}, "1112": {"fulltext": "994 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ntrade, which he mastered at the age of twenty-one. On the 12th of\\nAugust, 1837, he was married to Miss Mary Custer, daughter of George\\nand Margaret Custer. She is a native of Virginia, born in 1809. They\\nhave three living children Jerome, Margaret J. and Thomas C. and\\ntwo dead Josephine and Joseph. Mr. Mantle came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1850, and rented for some time, but by economy he has\\nbecome the owner of seventy-nine acres of land, which he has under\\ngood cultivation. He and his wife are members of the M. E. church,\\nand Mr. Mantle is a staunch republican, and a member of A.F. A.M.\\nJerome Mantle, his son, served in the rebellion, in Co. F, 26th 111.\\nVol. Inf., and was in the battles of Corinth, Atlanta, Mission Ridge,\\nKenesaw Mountain, Chattanooga, Savannah, and in all the battles in\\nSherman s march to the sea. He was at the general review at Wash-\\nington, District of Columbia.\\nDaniel Oaks, Homer, Champaign county, farmer, section 11, is the\\nson of Michael and Sarah Oaks, and was born in Ohio, on the 27th of\\nAugust, 1842. His parents came to Clarke county, Illinois, in 1846.\\nThey were natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and removed to Vermil-\\nion county in 1852, where Mr. Oaks has since made his home, except\\nwhile in the army. He served in the late war in Co. F, 26th 111., hav-\\ning enlisted in 1864, and served during the war was in the battles of\\nAtlanta, Marietta, Savannah, and other minor engagements. He was\\nat the general review at Washington, District of Columbia. Mr. Oaks\\nreturned home after the war, and was married to Miss M. M. Morrison,\\nin 1869, who was born in Ohio, on the 1st of July, 1848. They have\\ntwo children Eva and Charles.\\nC. F. Bradway, Fairmount, druggist, was born in Salem county,\\nNew Jersey, in 1850, and came with his parents to Vermilion county\\nin 1854, settling at Georgetown. He removed to Fairmount in 1876,\\nand engaged in his present business. He was united in marriage on\\nthe 16th of August, 1874, to Miss Ella Haworth, daughter of Thomas\\nand Margaret Haworth, who were early settlers of the county, they\\ncoming in 1822. She was born in this county, on the 10th of May.\\n1848. They have one son Everett H.\\nG. N. Neville, Fairmount, farmer, section 10, son of George and\\nElizabeth (Wolfe) Neville, was born in what was then Hardy county,\\nVirginia, on the 2d of February, 1820. His father died when he was\\ntwo years of age, and he and his mother came to Tippecanoe county,\\nIndiana, in 1834, where they were among the early settlers. They re-\\nmained there twenty years, and then removed to Vermilion county,\\nand settled where he now resides. His mother died in 1842. Mr.\\nNeville took a life partner on the 26th of September, 1840, his choice", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1112.jp2"}, "1113": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 995\\nbeing Miss Mary S. Throckmorton, born in Bampshire county, West\\nVirginia, on the 16th of December, 1823. By this union they have\\nbeen blessed with ten children, of whom seven are now living.\\nBarton Elliott, Fairmoimt, farmer, section 18, son of William and\\nElizabeth Elliott, was born in Vance township, Vermilion county, Illi-\\nnois, on the 11th of November, 1854. He was united in marriage to\\nMiss May J. Baldwin, on the 21st of September, 1876. She was born\\nin Brown county, Ohio, on the 21st of August, 1855. They are mem-\\nbers of the Baptist church.\\nEdward Dunn, Fairmount, clerk, is the son of Michael and Julia\\n(Conley) Dunn, who were natives of Ireland, and came to Delaware\\ncounty, New York, in 1847, where Edward, the subject of our sketch,\\nwas born, on the 14th of August, 1854. His parents remained in New\\nYork for eight years, and then removed to Fairmount, in 1855, becom-\\ning one of the early citizens of the now village of Fairmount. Here\\nEdward spent the early part of his life, receiving a business education.\\nIn 1873 he engaged with Wilcox Co. as salesman.\\nJesse Doney, Fairmount, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania,\\nin 1816, and in that year his parents removed to Richland county, Ohio,\\nwhere they remained live years. They then went to Harrison county,\\nwhere they remained a short time, and then returned to Fayette\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0county, Pennsylvania, and located in the same house where Mr. Doney\\nand also his father were born. Mr. Doney returned to Harrison\\ncounty, Ohio, and commenced to learn the trade of brick-layer and\\nstone-mason. In 1832 he came to Chicago. From there he went to\\nwhat is now Joliet, where was then only one log cabin, which Mr.\\nDoney helped to erect. He then returned to Harrison county, Ohio,\\nagain; then went to Coshocton county, where he worked on a farm\\nfor Michael Rodgers, whose daughter, Marion, he married in 1838.\\nShe was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1822. Mr. Doney then\\nremoved to Guernsey county, from there to Marshall, and thence to\\nMontgomery county. From there he went to Hendricks county, and\\nwhile there his wife departed this life, in June, 1854. He then mar-\\nried Miss Sarah A. Dale, on the 7th of June, 1855, who was born in\\nHendricks county, Indiana, on the 30th of April, 1829. Mr. Doney\\nremoved to Vermilion county, and purchased the Hickman farm, and\\nhas resided there and at Fairmount ever since. He is the father of two\\nchildren, living, by his former wife: Michael C. and Lysander; and\\nalso four deceased: Hannah M., Kisander J., wife of F. Elliott (luring\\nher life, Benjamin and Samuel; and by his present wife, three living:\\nJesse, Lincoln, Maggie, and two deceased: John and Marion. Mr.\\nDoney now owns eight hundred and twenty-eight acres of land in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1113.jp2"}, "1114": {"fulltext": "996 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nthis county, and four houses and lots in the town. He is a member of\\nA.F. A.M. and I.O.O.F., and has been county commissioner and\\njustice of the peace.\\nNimrod McBride, Fairmount, was born in what was then Monon-\\ngalia county, Virginia, on the 19th of February, 1811, and came with\\nhis parents to Dearborn county, Indiana, in 1813, where they remained\\nuntil 1825. They then went to Marion county, where his father, Will-\\niam, died, in 1828, and his mother, Henriette, in 1831. Mr. McBride\\ncame to Tippecanoe county, Indiana, and while there married Miss\\nJane Jack, on the 1st of December, 1836, a native of Warren county,\\nOhio, born on the 16th of January, 1820. Mr. McBride removed to\\nVermilion county in 1855, and settled close to Fairmount, where he\\nowns two hundred and forty acres of a fine farm, on which he has\\nmade all the improvements. He has been blessed with three daughters\\nand one son, now living, and two deceased. The names of the living\\nare Nancy C, Ella, Jennie and William of the deceased, John T.,\\nwho died in the army, and Rebecca. Mr. McBride was a whig until\\nthe republican party was organized, when he joined its ranks, and with\\nthis party he has always cast his vote.\\nR. Jack, Fairmount, shoemaker and justice of the peace, was born\\nin Carroll county, Indiana, on the 19th of March, 1840, and raised in\\nTippecanoe county, where he remained until twenty years of age. He\\nthen came, with his father, to Yermilion county, Illinois, in 1860, and\\non the 1st of August, 1862, enlisted in the 73d 111. Vol. Inf., Co. E,\\nand served until the close of the war. He was in all the battles in\\nwhich his regiment was engaged, and passed through them all without\\nreceiving a wound. He has been three times married. His first union\\nwas on the 9th of August, 1865, to Miss Mary Shroyer, a native of In-\\ndiana, born in 1843, and died on the 20th of February, 1869. He was\\nmarried on the 15th of June, 1870, to Miss Frances Rutin, also a na-\\ntive of Indiana, born in 1844, and died in 1871. His third marriage\\nwas in 1872, to Miss Jennie Fellows, also a native of Indiana, born in\\n1848. By his present wife he is the father of one child, George. Mr.\\nand Mrs. Jack are members of the M. E. church.\\nW. J. Rice, Fairmount, stock-dealer, is a native of Carter county,\\nKentucky, where he was born on the 3d of August, 1845. Mr. Rice\\ncame to Vermilion county in 1863, and engaged in the pursuit of farm-\\ning until 1877 since then he has dealt extensively in stock, shipping\\nyearly the amount of $250,000 worth. On the 24th of October, 1868,\\nMr. Rice was married to Miss Martha E. Pratt, a native of Boone\\ncounty, Indiana, born on the 24th of September, 1844. By this union", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1114.jp2"}, "1115": {"fulltext": "VANCE TOWNSHIP. 997\\nthey have one child living: William C. James W. died. Mr. It. is\\na member of the Masonic Order, No. 590, of Fairmount.\\nElias Holladay, Fairmount, dealer in drugs, son of Elias and Sarah\\n(Hammond) Holladay, was born in Livingston county. New Jersey,\\non the 13th of September, 1835. At nine years of age he came with\\nhis parents to Parke county, Indiana, and while there his mother died.\\nThen he and his father came, in 1859, to Indianapolis, Indiana, where\\nthey remained four years; then removed to Homer, Illinois, and re-\\nmained one year, and then came to Fairmount, where he has been\\nengaged in his present business ever since. He was appointed notary\\npublic in 1867, which office he now holds also was appointed post-\\nmaster, on the 1st of October, 1874, which office he has held ever since.\\nMr. Holladay was united in marriage in 1866, to Miss Clara P. Short,\\ndaughter of Thomas Short, who was one of the early settlers of Ver-\\nmilion county. She was born in Danville, Vermilion county, Illinois,\\non the 3d of January, 1846. They have one son and one daughter liv-\\ning Fred S. and Sarah H. and one deceased Frank. Mr. and Mrs.\\nH. are members of Goshen Baptist church.\\nJ. M. Wilkins, Fairmount, physician, was born in Marion county,\\nOhio, on the 22d of September, 1826. At six years of age he came with\\nhis parents to La Grange county, Indiana thence to Branch county,\\nMichigan. In 1846-7 he attended the Indiana Medical College, at La\\nPorte, Indiana, and graduated in 1850. He then returned to Branch\\ncounty and practiced for four years, and in 1854 came to Vermilion\\ncounty, and first located in New Town, where he had an extensive prac-\\ntice until 1859, and in 1864 removed to Fairmount, where he has had\\na continued practice ever since. Dr. J. M. Wilkins married Miss Me-\\nhitable Pond, on the 28th of September, 1852 a native of Ohio born\\non the 12th of August, 1832. They have three sons and one daughter\\nWilliam F., Jennie E., Charles A. and Fred. The Doctor and his wife\\nare members of the Baptist church, and he is a member of the Masonic\\nand Odd-Fellows Lodges. His political views are republican.\\nL. W. Sowers, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, section 16, is a\\nnative of North Carolina, and was born in 1836. He removed with\\nhis parents to Fountain county, Indiana, in the fall of L839. Eis\\nfather, Michael Sowers, was born in North Carolina in the year 1792,\\nand died in Fountain county, Indiana, in 1845. Eis mother also was\\na native of North Carolina, born in 1802, and now resides in the above\\nnamed county. Mr. Sowers was married in 1856 to Miss Margaret\\nDarr, daughter of David and Mary Darr. She was born in Parke\\ncounty, Indiana, in 1837. They have two sons and three daughters:\\nDavid N., Elijah M., Sarah E., Mary R. and America A. Mr. Sowers", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1115.jp2"}, "1116": {"fulltext": "J)98 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nremoved to Page county, Iowa, where he remained one year. He then\\nreturned to Parke county, Indiana, and remained five years, and re-\\nmoved to Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1865, and settled on the farm\\nwhere he now resides. By his industry he is now the owner of a form\\nof two hundred and twelve acres, which he has under good cultivation.\\nHe became united with the Lutheran church at seventeen years of age.\\nPie also is a member of the A.F.tfc A.M., and his political views are\\ndemocratic.\\nH. Yerkes, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Warren\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 7th of May, 1840. His parents were natives of\\nPennsylvania, who came to Ohio in an early day. They went to Foun-\\ntain county, Indiana, where he (Jacob Yerkes) died in 1866. His wife\\n(Ann) now resides in Indiana. Mr. Yerkes, the subject of this sketch,\\ntook an active part in the late war, enlisting in August, 1862, in Co.\\nH, 63d Ind. Vol. Inf., and served until the close of the war. He was\\nin the following battles Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Peachtree Creek,\\nKenesaw Mountain, the engagements around Atlanta, Jonesboror\\nSpring Hill, Franklin, Nashville, Tennessee, Wilmington, Golds\\nboro, and other minor engagements. He was mustered out in July,.\\n1865, and came to Vermilion county. Mr. Yerkes has been twice\\nmarried: first, on the 21st of September, 1865, to Miss Hester E.\\nPrevo, who was born in 1839 in Fountain county, Indiana, and died on\\nthe 7th of September, 1877. Mr. Yerkes was married, in 1878, to Miss\\nMary O. Noble, also a native of Indiana, born in 1860. Mr. Yerkes\\nhas six children by former wife: Spencer G., Alice M., Ella M., Annie\\nL., Susie and Hattie. He served as township supervisor five years.\\nHe is a staunch republican, and he and his wife are members of the\\nM. E. church.\\nI. N. Wilcox, Fairmount, merchant, was born in Ross countj% Ohio,\\non the 18th of November, 1847, and came west in 1866, locating in\\nFairmount. He engaged in his present business, and at the present\\ntime is doing as large a business as any firm in the county outside of\\nDanville. In October, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss M.\\nBurroughs, daughter of Wilson Burroughs, one of the old and respected\\ncitizens of the county. She was born in the county on the 21st of\\nJanuary, 1848. They have one son, Harry B. Mr. Wilcox served in\\nthe late rebellion in Co. A, 49th O. V. I., and was in several engage-\\nments.\\nD. Gunder, Fairmount, farmer and stock-raiser, section 8, was born\\nin Fairfield county, Ohio, in 1825, and came with his parents to Madi-\\nson county, Indiana, in 1838. His father, Henry Gunder, was a native\\nof Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. He was in the war of 1812, and", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1116.jp2"}, "1117": {"fulltext": "VANCE TO W.N SI 1 1 1 999\\ndeparted this life in 1864. Mr. D. Gunder s mother, Elizabeth Sisco, we*\\na native of England, and came to America in an early day, and died on\\nthe 8th of September, 1858. The subject of this sketch was married in\\n1849, to Miss Elizabeth Hugel, a native of Madison county, [ndiana,\\nborn in 1832. Her father, Ephraim Hngel, was a native of hio, born\\nin 1803 and died in 1842. Her mother, Susanna, was born in Penn-\\nsylvania in 1804 and died in 1869. Mr. Gunder has a family of nine\\nliving children: Alice, wife of J. J. Howard; Susie, wife of 0. W.\\nBaldwing; Joseph K, James II., Samuel II. Jennie B., Mary A.,\\nJulia M. and Arthur II. Mr. and Mrs. Gunder are members of the\\nBaptist church. He owns a fine farm of three hundred and fori v acres,\\nwith good improvements. He is a member of the A.I A.M. frater-\\nnity, and is a practical farmer.\\nJohn K. Musselman, Fairmount, was born in Carroll county, Indi-\\nana, in 1843. His parents, Jacob and Catharine Musselman, came to\\nthat county in an early day, where they remained until the death of\\nhis mother (1850). They were natives of Pennsylvania, and of Ger-\\nman descent. Mr. Musselman remained at home until man grown,\\nspending most of his time in learning telegraphy and the railroad busi-\\nness, which he has followed mostly since 1865. He came to Vermilion\\ncounty in 1869, and located in Fairmount, where he became one of the\\nactive and energetic citizens. He has creditably held the office of\\nsupervisor of Yance township for two terms, and is the present incum-\\nbent. In 1873 he took a life-partner, his choice being Miss Mary E.\\nTimmons, daughter of Capt. Timmons, one of the early settlers of the\\ncounty. The result of their happy marriage is two children Lewis W.\\nand Maudie.\\nG. W. Baird, Fairmount, farmer, section 18, son of Joseph and Eliz-\\nabeth Baird, was born in Brown county, Ohio, on the 18th of October,\\n1851, and came to Yermilion county, Illinois, in 1*69. On the 1st of\\nJanuary, 1871, he was married to Miss Lydia E. Davis, daughter of\\nWilliam Davis, wdio is one of the early settlers in the county. She\\nwas born in the county on the 23d of May, 1852. They are the parents\\nof one son and one daughter Harry D. and Nellie M.\\nZ. Stalons, dealer in groceries and provisions, Fairmount, was born\\nin Orange county, Indiana, in 1854, and came to Vermilion county,\\nIllinois, with his parents in 1870. He was united in marriage on the\\n7th of April, 1878, to Miss Nellie McFarland, a native of Illinois.\\nMr. Stalons is a member of the A.F. A.M., Fairmounl Lodge,\\n590.\\nB. F. Mott, Fairmount, physician, was born in Miami county, Ohio,\\non the 17th of April, 1851, and removed with bis parents to Cham", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1117.jp2"}, "1118": {"fulltext": "1000 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\npaign county, Ohio, in 1857. In 1874 he came to Fairmount. Mr.\\nMott attended medical college in 1872 and 1873, and graduated in\\n1874. He is not an old physician in the county, but, by honest and\\nnever tiring attention to his patients, he now has a practice that will do\\ncredit to some of the older physicians of the county. On the 30th of\\nAugust, 1878, he was married to Katie E. Adams.\\nG. W. Ryan, Fairmount, railroad agent, was born in Hamilton\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 10th of May, 1853, where he received his early\\neducation, and was in the employ of the Pacific railroad for some time.\\nHe came west, and engaged with the Wabash railroad, in Champaign\\ncounty, and in 1877 came to Fairmount, where he has had charge of\\nthe office, as express, freight and ticket agent, ever since.\\nBUTLER TOWNSHIP.\\nButler township embraces all the northwest corner of the county\\nwhich is in town 23 north, range 13 west, of the 2d principal meridian,\\nall the east half of town 23, range 14, two tiers of sections off the north\\nend of town 22 north, range 13, and six sections in the northeast cor-\\nner of town 22, range 14, making in all sevent}M;wo sections, or equal\\nto two full congressional townships. The land was originally entirely\\nprairie, and, although embracing some of the finest land in the county,\\ndid not come into cultivation till 1855, and as late as 1872 broad strips\\nof its rich prairie had not been vexed with the plow indeed, as late as\\nthis present writing some of the beautiful high rolling prairie along\\nthe line separating towns 23 and 22 is yet in prairie-grass, and scores\\nof the farms south and southeast of Rankin are guiltless of either fence\\nor hedge to mark their boundary lines. No considerable stream crosses\\nthe town. From its southern side the little streams and rivulets\\nstretch away toward the middle fork of the Vermilion, from its eastern\\nborder they run into the North Fork, while from its northern half the\\nwater sheds to the head-waters of the Illinois River. High, rolling,\\nrich and healthy, it can but seem wonderful, and must ever remain in\\na great measure mysterious, how the land of such eligible portions of\\nthe county were left uninhabited until long after the western half of\\nthe state, and Missouri, Iowa, and portions of Kansas and Nebraska,\\nwere largely filling up with settlers. People living along the Middle\\nFork, not twenty miles away, pulled up and moved to Missouri, on\\npoorer land than could be found within half a day s ride of their\\nhomes, and this, after it had been demonstrated that people could live", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1118.jp2"}, "1119": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHII [QQ]\\non the open prairie with less labor, just as much comfort, more health,\\nand surer returns for their labor, than on timber farms. It cannot be\\npleaded in this case that these prairies were unknown. The Chicago\\nroad, the great highway of travel before railroads were built,\\ndirectly over this beautiful tract, and the road leading from Danville\\nto Ottawa, along which thousands of men went from the Illinois River\\ncountry to Danville to enter land, and the road from Attica to Bloom-\\nington, along which hundreds of people passed each year, visiting their\\nold homes in Indiana and Ohio, both crossed this arm of the Grand\\nPrairie. The old scholars had an adage which, being liberally trans-\\nlated, runs, In matters of taste there is no use in disputing. Just so;\\nthere is no law against a man s going through the woods and picking\\nup a crooked stick beyond.\\nThe Lafayette, Bloomington Muncie railroad runs directly through\\nthe township from east to west, on a line nearly one and one half miles\\nfrom its northern line, having on it the three little villages of East\\nLynne, named from the charming novel of Mrs. Anna S. Stephens,\\nRankin, named from Hon. David Rankin, the proprietor of a portion\\nof the town and of a large amount of land in the neighborhood, and\\nPellsville, named from W. H. Pells, who was co-proprietor of it.\\nThe township itself was named, at the suggestion of the first super-\\nvisor, in 1864, from the cock-eyed hero who had solved the difficult\\nquestions of the war, each as it arose, with as much ease as he would\\nhave settled a quiet dinner in his own house. He had equipped and\\nmarched the first brigade of volunteers to beleaguered Washington (or\\nhad commanded the march), in less than three days after notice had\\nreached him, and in less than two days from the date of his selection\\nby Governor Andrew for the position. He had captured Baltimore\\none night, while the war department was making a plan of attack,\\nwhich it was expected he would join in carrying out the next week.\\nHe had solved the most difficult question of what was to be done with\\nthe negroes who continually came into our lines, under the constitu-\\ntional provision requiring the return of fugitives owing service or\\nlabor, by calling them contraband of war. He had hung the only\\nrebel that ever was hung in America (except old John Brown and his\\nparty), and had made the women stop makiug faces at the boys in\\nblue, and had just secured a peaceful election in New Fork city.\\nNext to Grant, whose name had been applied to the adjoining town-\\nship, he was the hero of the day; soWm. M. Tennery thought, and so\\nhis loyal neighbors thought when they gave his name to their home.\\nThe first farming done in the township was probably in the year", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1119.jp2"}, "1120": {"fulltext": "1002 HISTOKY OF VEKMILION COUNTY.\\n1854, and these were the pioneers, so far as the memory of old settlers\\nnow living here serves to call it to mind.*\\nIn the year 1854 Mr. J. H. Schwartz and several neighbors came\\nfrom Ohio to Danville, and there found Parker Dresser doing a land\\noffice business. It was busy times just then. He entered for the\\nparty the following tracts of land: Lot 1 of northwest quarter of sec-\\ntion 30, for Mr. Schwartz the south half of 19 (311 acres), for Mr.\\nYates (whose son came here and lived on it till his wife died, and then\\nwent back to Ohio) the east half and lot 1 of the southwest quarter of\\nsection 30, for Phcebe Bennett the west half of the southwest quarter\\nof section 29, for Mr. Bennett, and lot 2 of the northwest quarter of\\n30 for another party. Mr. Bennett did not come here to live, and\\nnever saw the land but once. Mr. Schwartz moved on his purchase\\nand lives on it still. He was a man of fair education, of moderate\\nfinancial resources, but large heart and strong and abiding faith. He\\nfound a new country, destitute not only of crops and stock, but\\ndestitute of the institutions of religion and education. His son-in-\\nlaw, Lewis John, settled near him on section 20, in 1859, and remains\\nthere yet. The year he came here to live followed close on the\\nyears in which the large wheat crops were so general through the\\nstate. Cases were numerous where a single crop of wheat had paid\\nthe cost of purchasing the land, tilling, fencing, harvesting and mar-\\nketing the crop, leaving a balance to the credit side of the account.\\nThe crop, of course, was an exceptional one; but that such did really\\ngrow is beyond dispute. This was sent to Ohio and other eastern\\nstates, and many came here in 1855 expecting to get rich on wheat\\nraising alone. Cases were plenty where farmers who were well-to-do\\nran in debt for additional land, intending to pay for it out of the next\\nwheat crop. Men, in the height of their excitement over wheat,\\nsowed it on the last year s stubble, and harrow T ed it in without even\\nplowing the ground. Of course the subsequent successive failures of\\nthe crop ruined many farmers, crippled others, sent some to the asy-\\nlum, and convinced all that this was not in the wheat belt.\\nThe hard times which followed the financial crash of 1857 was fully\\nas severe on the new settlers of Butler as had been the previous one of\\n1837 on those who were then in the timber belt along the Middle\\nFork. Corn became the principal article of food. Money there w r as\\nnone. The entire paper currency of the west was based upon the faith\\nwhich the people had in bankers, many of which were either foreign to\\n*The writer would like to give credit to Mr. Schwartz and Mr. McCune for their\\nassistance in furnishing the former, the interesting statistics of the churches, and the\\nlatter, of the early settlers.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1120.jp2"}, "1121": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. llKCj\\nthe state, or mere myths. Michigan red-dog, Georgia wild-cat,\\nMissouri stump-tail, were the nicknames which were applied to the\\nvarious kinds of bank-bills, which were taken at par one day, and re-\\nfused at a heavy discount the next. Never was a people so swindled\\nwith imaginary money. Bank-note detectors were consulted by every\\nbusiness man whenever he received money, to try to discover whether\\nit was safe to take. The men of the present generation who complain\\nof hard times may have suffered, but they know next to nothing of\\nthe suffering which their fathers passed through then. Taxes were all\\npayable in specie, and light as they were then, it was more difficult to\\nobtain the hard money with which to pay them then than now, not-\\nwithstanding they are ten times as great.\\nDaniel Stamp came from New York and bought land in sec-\\ntion 14 (23-14), in 1855. He sold to A. B. Lucas, and he to Samuel\\nJohnson. Lucas lives in Pellsville. Johnson sold to Williams, and\\nwent to Kansas. Fred Stamp settled about the same time, and made\\na farm on section 15. He lives now in Paxton. James Dixon settled\\non section 11, where Mrs. Johnson now resides. John Jones the same\\ntime made a farm on section 19, just north of Schwartz. Caleb T.\\nBeals came in 1856, and took land in section 3 (22-13). He still lives\\nnear there, in section 9. John Dopps commenced farming in section\\n15 (23-14) in 1855. He afterward sold out and went to Kansas. Da-\\nvid Dopps commenced a farm in the same section. These men were\\npioneers of the Methodist church, and the first class was formed at the\\nhouse of their brother Eli, across the line in Ford county.\\nJ. W. Shannon came in 1855, and took up land in section 35 (23-\\n14). He lived there twenty years, and now resides in Perrysville,\\nIndiana. Mr. Clark about the same time settled on the south side of\\nsection 14. In 1857 C. McCune came from Ohio, and took up land in\\nsection 7, one mile east of where Rankin now is, where he resided till\\nfive years ago, when he made Rankin his home. Wra. I. Allen, who\\nhad been a pioneer in Grant township, purchased land in 1855, north\\nof East Lynne, and had two men there improving the farm. Ruffin\\nClark came from Indiana in 1856, and settled on section 28. He was\\na man of intelligence, and made his mark on the community. He took\\na lively interest in schools. He died in 1869, and his family went back\\nto Indiana after a few years. Geo. Mains came to live on section 21\\nin 1856. He still resides there. Daniel S. French came to the same\\nsection in 1857. He now lives in Indiana, and is editing a paper in\\nTippecanoe county. He still owns the farm. Jacob Swisher came to\\nsection 12 (22-13) in 1855. He was a public-spirited man, and well\\nknown throughout this part of the county. Jesse Piles, who also came", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1121.jp2"}, "1122": {"fulltext": "1004 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nhere early, settled in section 10 (22-14), in the extreme southwestern\\npart of the township. Jonathan Done in 1856 settled in section 15\\n(23-14). He afterward removed to Paxton. John Pnrsley, in 1857,\\npurchased half a section in 11, near Rankin, and continued farming\\nthere until he enlisted in the army, in Allen s company. He had been\\nin the engagement which resulted in the surrender of Fort Henrj^ and\\nwhile at Donaldson was sent back to Fort Henry for ammunition. The\\nfatigue of the trip was too much for him, and he gave out and died.\\nHe left two sons, who are worthy and respected young men.\\nThomas Towe commenced about 1856 to improve a farm on section\\n7 (23-13). Along in the fall sometime, Towe and McCune had gone\\nto Middle Fork, McCune to get wood and Towe for a load of sand.\\nThis timber, twelve miles away, was the nearest fuel they could obtain.\\nThey knew nothing of coal at that day. McCune had a good team of\\nhorses and his partner was driving three yoke of cattle of course he\\nhad to go on foot. Night overtaking them they became completely\\nlost. To be lost on the prairie at night is the nearest thing to being\\nfinally lost that one experiences in this life. There is absolutely no\\nclue by which the most skillful detective could work out. Especially\\nis this so when the wind does not blow. Teams are liable to walk\\naround in a circle, and in the absence of any light, which can be seen\\non snch occasions many miles, the wanderers not unfrequently find it\\nnecessary to spend the night on the prairie. In this case the benighted\\ntravelers set to hallooing with all their might, and after an hour of\\nsuch exercise they were heard by Mr. Stamp, who fired a gun to attract\\ntheir attention. As soon as the} could ascertain the direction of this\\nfirst gun at daybreak they started for it at double-quick; Towe\\nahead leading the van with his steers, and McCune following like a\\ngeneral officer on dress parade, glad to ride where Towe should lead.\\nThey came to one of those ponds which at that time were numerous on\\nthese prairies, and the leader, fearing to turn to the right or the left\\nlest he should lose his direction, plunged in knee deep, yelling at the\\ntop of his voice to keep his courage up, and to keep their gunner\\nacquainted with their whereabouts. McCune rode out the storm like a\\nmajor, and never looked on that pond after that without almost fancy-\\ning he could see Towe knee-deep in the flood. Mr. Towe returned to\\nNew York, and John, who remained to carry on the farm, went to the\\narmy and was killed. Squire Bowers, in returning from Loda one\\nnight, got lost and became mired in a pond. He took off the horses\\nand walked around all night to keep from being numbed with the cold.\\nIt was customary when the father of the family was belated, to place a\\ncandle in the window which looked in the direction he was to come,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1122.jp2"}, "1123": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. [Q05\\nand many a man has been saved a night on the prairie by keeping the\\nlower light burning.\\nThe nearest mill for a time was at Myersville, until Persons pur-\\nchased and refitted the Koss Mill. The nearest trading poinl was at\\nLoda, twelve miles north, which was a famous point for trade tor all\\nthis country until the distillery burned and the building of the rail-\\nroad drew merchants away from there, until now bhere i nothing l.t t\\nof its former business importance.\\nIn the early days the people here did not raise many cattle for some\\nreason. As previously stated, all tried wheat for a time, until con-\\ntinued failures used up all they had kept for seed, without any return.\\nStill they bought seed and sowed again. Corn and hogs were the sta-\\nple. Hogs almost always brought a paying price, and it was before\\ncholera had been invented. Stock and corn are the principal staples of\\nthe farmer yet. Flax has been raised some, and is considered a fair\\ncrop. To the renter it is considered an available crop, for it turns\\nso much earlier than corn that it enables him to get something to live\\non several months before he can for corn.\\nLand was worth from $2.50 to $5 per acre. Some sold as high as\\n$9 before the railroad was built, and some sold in anticipation of that\\nbuilding as high as $12. Eight dollars was probably a fair average for\\nland two years before the railroad was built. Twenty can hardly be\\ncalled an exorbitant price now.\\nMcCune says that as late as 1857 he has seen here on this prairie as\\nmany as twenty deer at a time, and at one time he saw on section 7\\nfifty-four in one lot going in a northwesterly direction, and wolves\\nwere as thick as rabbits. As late as 1858, of a flock of sheep, which\\nhad got away from a man living north of here, eighty were killed in a\\nsingle night. Badgers were also plenty. They were as large as a dog\\nand stronger, with a thick neck, and too strong for any dog to master.\\nRattlesnakes were so plenty that on a single farm a hundred were\\nkilled in a single season. It is a wonder that more people were not\\nkilled by them. Dogs that were bitten by them seemed to know how to\\ncure themselves. Prairie mud was a very certain cure. They were\\nreally a dangerous neighbor, yet the children went barefooted to school\\nor hunting strawberries as now. They seem as adverse to civilization\\nas any of their wild neighbors, and as the prairie-grass was killed out\\nby being plowed and cultivated they disappeared. The last Been of\\nthem here was about 1870. It is doubted whether any survived the\\nshriek of the locomotive or the high taxes of modern civilization. We\\nused to have squirrels here, red and gray, not unlike those in the tim-\\nber but smaller, and with shorter tails. Prairie chickens were of course", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1123.jp2"}, "1124": {"fulltext": "1006 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nvery plenty, and the reverberating boom of their matins, ushering\\nin an October morning, will never be forgotten by the old settlers, and\\nprobably never heard in its fullness by the new. Sand-hill cranes were\\nvery numerous, as they nested here in the ponds on this divide, and, if\\nundisturbed, would make havoc of the corn in the spring, taking two\\nrows at a time, as clean as any man could root it up, and in the fall\\nwould congregate in great numbers if not driven away.\\nThe first Methodist class formed here was, according to Mr. Schwartz\\nrecollection, about 1855. It was formed before he came here to live,\\nat the house of Eli Dopps. It was an interesting class, and grew into\\nthree separate churches: that at Schwartz, at Rankin and at Pellsville.\\nAt the time of its formation it consisted of sixteen members. C.\\nAtkinson was preacher in charge, and John Vincent assistant. It be-\\nlonged to the Danville circuit, and there was no church in all this\\ncountry but the Wallace Chapel at Blue Glass, and the old log-\\nhouse called Partlow s Church. The preaching appointment was each\\nalternate week and it was a terrible winter, as all remember, so that\\nAtkinson did not reach his appointment all winter, but Vincent was\\nvery regular. Greenbury Garner, Milo Butler and W. H. McYey were\\non the Danville circuit before 1861. Mr. Elliott was presiding elder,\\nand, after him, L. Pilnor. After this W. H. H. Moore was elder.\\nSampson Shinn and Enoch Jones, preachers, John Helmick, assistant,\\nJ. S. Barger and John Long, preachers in charge. In 1865 the Blue\\nGlass circuit was formed, and Schwartz school-house was built. S.\\nShinnn was presiding elder. The class was divided, and those living\\nnear here were served with regular preaching at this school-house,\\nwhich appointment belonged to the Blue Grass circuit, and those over\\nby Dopp s were in the Paxton circuit. The society at East Lynne was\\nformed in 1869. This church was built in 1875. It is 28x46, and\\ncost, painted and seated, $2,000. Some help, to build this beautiful\\nchapel, came from Danville, but most of it was raised within them-\\nselves. The present year Mr. Davis is pastor. A Sabbath-school is\\nmaintained in summer.\\nPrairie Chapel, Christian church, was built near Swisher s, at the\\nextreme southeastern corner of the township, about 1861. Elder Raw-\\nley Martin used to preach there, as he did for years all over this country.\\nHe was for many years the pioneer preacher in this denomination. It\\nis a pleasant church, and the membership is about forty-five. Elders\\nStipp and Charles Cosat preach there alternately. The organization\\nof this church was effected at Blue Grass, in. 1859, by Elder Martin.\\nPreaching was continued for some time at the Blue Grass school-house.\\nJacob Swisher was one of the most influential members of the church,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1124.jp2"}, "1125": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. H107\\nand when they came to build he induced the building near his resi-\\ndence. He was an elder in the church.\\nA United Brethren church has been recently formed by Mr. Ziegler\\nwhen he was in charge of the Vermilion circuit. Mr. Scott is the pre-\\nsent preacher. Mrs. Duncan is class-leader. They propose to build\\nsoon on land that has been donated by Mr. Biddel, of Indianapolis.\\nBefore the building of the railroad through this town its open prairie\\nattracted the attention of a gentleman whose large experience, business\\ncapacity and ready means well qualified him to make a large venture\\nin farming operations here, which has proved of the utmost importance\\nto the interests of this prairie town. Mr. David Rankin had been\\nlargely engaged in cattle-farming and feeding in Henderson county, in\\nthis state, and had amassed a comfortable fortune before he commenced\\nhis operations here. He was a gentleman of broad views, wide ac-\\nquaintance, and the strictest business habits. Associating with him\\nhis relative, W. A. Rankin, he purchased eight sections of land lying\\nnear together here, and commenced improving it, in 1867. They built\\na fine residence on section 2, which has been beautifully surrounded by\\ntrees, changing the bleak prairie of only a few years ago into one of\\nthe most delightful shady resorts to be found in this part of the coun-\\ntry, which has been the home of the junior partner since then. They\\nput the land into cultivation as fast as possible, and secured the loca-\\ntion of a depot at Rankin.\\nThere were before the railroad was built two post-offices, which\\nwere more or less in Butler, i. e., they were hanging on the border of\\nthe township. Jesse Piles was postmaster of Circle for a while, and\\nDr. O. F. Taylor at Sugar Creek, which before the railroad was built\\nwas moved to what is now Pellsville. Butler was set off as a township\\nin 1864, at which time \u00c2\u00a5m. M. Tennery was supervisor of the united\\ntownships. At the first town meeting held, Ambrose Armantrout was\\nmoderator. The following is a list of the township officers elected\\nsince its erection. The town has never had but three supervisors and\\nthree clerks.\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1865 37 J. H. Schwartz.. E. S. Pope W. M. Thomas. I). A. Schwartz.\\n1866 45 J. R. Bowers... E. S. Pope Wm. Glaze Wui. Glaze.\\n1867 45 J. R. Bowers... J. J. Johnson. ...J. J. Johnson E. S. Pope.\\n1868 46 J. R. Bowers... E. S. Pope Win. Glaze Wm. Glaze.\\n1869 85.... J. R. Bowers... J. J. Johnson.... Win. Glaze Wm. Glaze.\\n1870 104 J. R. Bowers... D. A. Schwartz.. Wm. Glaze Wm. Glaze.\\n1871 59 J. R. Bowers. ..D. A. Schwartz.. Win. Glaze Wm. Glaze.\\n1872 107. .B. Butterfield. .D. A. Schwartz.. John Yeazel Wm. Glaze.\\n1873 118 B. Butterfield... D. A. Schwartz.. E. G. Hancock. I G. Hancock.\\n1874 124 B. Butterfield... D. A. Schwartz. John Yeazel G. W. Smith.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1125.jp2"}, "1126": {"fulltext": "1008 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nDate. Vote. Supervisor. Clerk. Assessor. Collector.\\n1875 82 B. Butterfield D. A. Schwartz. John Yeazel W. H. Schwartz.\\n1876. .148. .B. Butterfield. .D. A. Schwartz. John Yeazel W. H. Schwartz.\\n1877. .320. .B. Butterfield. .D. A. Schwartz.. John Yeazel W. H. Schwartz.\\n1878. .250. .B. Butterfield. .D. A. Schwartz.. E. H. Beals W. H. Schwartz.\\n1879. .300. .B. Butterfield. .D. A. Schwartz.. E. H. Beals Andrew Sloan.\\nJustices of the peace have been Jacob Swisher, Fred. Stamp, Hiram\\nArman trout, J. P. Dopps, David Brown, J. R. Bowers, and H. M.\\nLudden.\\nAt the town meeting in 1866, the ordinance forbidding stock to run\\nat large was passed, and has been strictly enforced, to the great saving\\nof those who were trying to make new farms on the prairie. On the\\n11th of May, 1867, at a special meeting, held after due notice, the\\ntown voted, by 46 to 5, in favor of giving fourteen hundred dollars to\\nthe Chicago, Danville Vincennes railroad. Later a meeting was\\nheld on the subject of subscribing twenty-five thousand dollars to the\\nLafayette, Bloomington Muncie railroad, which resulted in favor of\\nsuch subscription.\\nIn 1877 two voting precincts were established, dividing the town,\\nas near as possible, in the center, the eastern precinct voting at East\\nLynne, and the western at Rankin. This makes it very convenient for\\nthe voters, as it was fully thirteen miles from Jesse Piles residence to\\nthe voting-place at East Lynne, when the election happened to be there.\\nEAST LYNNE.\\nEast Lynne was laid out in 1872, upon land belonging to W. P.\\nMoore, in the southeast quarter of section 10 T. J. Yan Brunt, in the\\nnortheast quarter of 10 John P. Dopps, in northwest quarter of 11\\nand Aiken and White, in the southwest quarter of 11 (23-13). Dopps\\nand Moore sold out about this time and moved away. The plat cov-\\nered about forty acres. Henry Ludden was appointed first station\\nagent and first postmaster, and was the first to commence selling goods\\nthere. He is still postmaster.\\nThe first business house was built by Win. McReynolds, the same\\nnow occupied as a hotel. Palmer Brothers were for a time engaged in\\nmercantile business. N. R. Hall opened up in lumber, hardware and\\nimplements. O. E. Wilson commenced the grocery trade, and con-\\ntinued it for three or four years. Messrs. Aiken, Hall, French, Morey and\\nGardner have been engaged in purchasing grain, which is the principal\\nbusiness. A good two-story frame school-house was erected, and a\\ngood school has been maintained, with an average attendance of about\\nfifty.\\nThe Methodist church was built under the preaching of Rev. J.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1126.jp2"}, "1127": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1009\\nMuirhead, in 1875. It belonged, as now, to the Hoopeston circuit, and\\npreaching is regularly maintained by the preacher on that circuit, once\\nin two weeks. Kev. Mr. Haff is the present preacher in charge.\\nThe Christian church occupies the building on the alternate Sab-\\nbath, by a kind of christian comity which is fast becoming the rule in\\nthis western country, Elder Houghton preaching, and the entire com-\\nmunity join in a union Sabbath-school, which is well maintained. Mr.\\nJ. S. Hall was first superintendent. The church edifice is 36 x 46, and\\nis a very neat and pleasant building.\\nA Baptist society has been formed, which proposes to move a church\\nbuilding now at Ludden to East Lynne.\\nThe grain trade has been, and continues to be, one of considerable\\nimportance here. It is the center of one of the finest corn-raising dis-\\ntricts in the county, and as there are few cattle-feeders among the new\\nfarmers in this vicinity, most of the corn must go to market. A large\\nsteam elevator is about being erected to supply a long-felt need, and\\nwill be in readiness for the fall trade.\\nRANKIN.\\nThe pleasant little village of Rankin, which to-day is as quiet as a\\nMay morning, was brought into being amid a war of location, which\\nmust be remembered by those who were participators in it as long as\\nthey remember anything. The war was long, exhaustive of pa-\\ntience, and expensive, finally making it cost each party all its results\\nwere worth, and resulted in a drawn battle. The captains-general who\\nmarshaled the hosts were W. A. Rankin and W. H. Pells, the former\\nproprietor of a large landed interest, amounting to five thousand acres,\\nthe latter with a local interest of only about eighty acres, but a seat in\\nthe board of directors of the railroad which was being built. The con-\\nstruction company, of which Col. Snell was the head, had the right\\nunder their contract to designate the depot, but were also authorized\\nto receive payment for the same sufficient to cover the expenses of side-\\ntrack, depot, switches, etc. When Mr. Rankin went to negotiate for\\nthe location he presented the arguments that as the whole township\\nwas taxed for the road, a location should be selected that was as nearly\\nequidistant as possible, and that the location he proposed was the\\nsame distance from the western boundary of the township as East\\nLynne was from the eastern that more of the people of this township\\nwould be accommodated by this location than any other; that he was\\nready at any time. to pay the $2,500 required for putting in the job,\\nand any other little matters required could be easily arranged. o the\\nother hand, Mr. Pells plead the custom of the road, which had been to\\n64", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1127.jp2"}, "1128": {"fulltext": "1010 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\npermit each director to name a depot that every other director had\\nbeen accorded that privilege, and that the farmers around the proposed\\nlocation would give as much or more for the location. The citizens in\\nthe vicinity of Pellsville raised $3,500 by subscription, and got their\\ndepot the Rankins paid their subscription, and got theirs. It then\\nbecame a question for the railroad company to decide which one should\\nbe retained, and Mr. Boody was appealed to by both parties. At one\\nstage of the contest a proposition was made to locate the depot midway\\nbetween the two present sites. This was accepted by one party, but\\ndeclined by the other. After the matter had come into the jurisdiction\\nof Mr. Boody, he proposed a plan which was very likely to decide mat-\\nters, but just then the road was put into the hands of a receiver, who\\ndecided that he had no authority in such matters, and would not decide.\\nIt is now just passing into the hands of the new company, and the old\\nquestion is likely to come up like a chancery case for final hearing\\nnearly ten years after its inception. Tile village of Rankin was laid\\nout in June, 1872, by A. Bowman, county surveyor, and J. R. Bowers,\\nmaking twenty-four blocks, each of which were 240 x 250 feet. The\\nstreets are eighty-five feet wide. It was laid out one-half on the land\\nof D. and W. A. Rankin, in section 12, and one-quarter on each of the\\nlands of George Guthrie and Mrs. Johnson. The Guthrie portion was\\nsold to Prof. Joseph Carter, of Peru, Illinois, who still owns it. The\\ntwo open strips between the blocks and the track were left for public\\nuse.\\nThe first building was commenced by Mr. E. Wait, who lived in\\nLoda, intending to go into the grain and coal trade. Before it was\\ncompleted he was killed on the construction train between Paxton and\\nthis station. Mr. F. A. Finney took Wait s interest and completed\\nthe building, which was afterward sold to Mr. Chapman. Rankin\\nThompson put up the next building a grain office. C. H. Wyman\\nput up a store and put in a stock of drugs. Milton Holmes, from\\nBloomington, built most of the buildings that were put up the first\\nyear. He and his hands had to camp out, sleep under work-benches\\nor wherever they could find a chance, for there was no boarding place\\nhere. Cowell Weaver built several. There was no lumber yard,\\nhere, and the freight from Paxton was fifteen dollars per car. All the\\nstone brought here for building purposes came from Kankakee. While\\nthe construction company retained the control of the road no less\\nfreight could be obtained, and thus it was necessary to pay at Paxton\\nas there was no office here. Holmes built the drug store and grain\\noffice, and six dwelling-houses for Mr. Rankin, a store and the hotel\\nthe first season. His family were the first persons who came here to", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1128.jp2"}, "1129": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. n \\\\i\\nlive. They resided in the Wait house. J. T. Wickham was the second.\\nThey resided in the Wilson house.\\nThe Campbell house, which was put up among the very first build-\\nings, is the only hotel Eankin has ever known. It was built for, and\\nhas been continuously occupied by, Mr. J. F. Campbell, and is without\\ndoubt -the finest hotel-building in the county outside of Danville. His\\nhouse, barn, ice-house, etc., cost $5,500.\\nJ. R. Bowers, who, since the Hist opening of business here, has been\\none of the solid men of Rankin, came to make a farm on section 7, two\\nmiles southeast of Rankin, in 1865. He remained there until the vil-\\nlage was commenced, and then brought the old flax warehouse from\\nBlue Grass and went into business. Flax had been for some years a\\nleading crop here, and to accommodate the business the Lafayette firm,\\nwhich was interested in the business, had erected a warehouse at Blue\\nGrass, which was then the great central point of trade and traffic. The\\nfarmers had no conveniences for saving the seed from one year to an-\\nother, as it required careful cleaning and safe preservation to make it\\nfit for seed. The plan adopted by the firm was to loan seed on con-\\ntract to buy the crop. This required a warehouse, and as soon as the\\nrailroad was built it was moved to Rankin, and has since been in charge\\nof Mr. Bowers.\\nRankin Thompson were first to open in the grain trade. D.\\nW. A. Rankin built the main part of the elevator, 30x52, 40 feet\\nhigh. They sold it to Birch Hall, a firm residing and doing business\\nin Oxford, Indiana, who have increased its capacity, and now run it.\\nThe war between Rankin and Pellsville occasionally broke out from\\nits smothered condition. The first store building put up in the latter\\nplace, known as Scott s store, was purchased by Mr. Rankin and moved\\nto this place in the face of some pretty loud prairie breezes, which were\\nkept in check by the timely aid of the sheriff, backed by|the broad\\nwarrant of the People of the State of Illinois. Henry Jones had\\nkept a blacksmith-shop a few miles south of the town, and got out the\\ntimbers for a shop and brought them to Rankin. He afterward re-\\nceived a communication which led him to change his mind, and he\\nhauled it away to Pellsville amid a storm of anything but applause\\nfrom this end, and the booming of triumph at the other. To one party\\nJones was several degrees below an ordinary nincompoop, to the\\nother, the hero of the hour.\\nThe United Presbyterian church was organized in 1866. Rev. J. D.\\nWhitham, of the Bloomington Presbytery, began preaching toja few\\nscattered families a few miles southwest of Rankin, in the spring of\\nthat year. In September following he organized the church by com-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1129.jp2"}, "1130": {"fulltext": "1012 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmission of presbytery, in Ford county, consisting of nineteen persons.\\nJames Campbell and family, William McClintoek and family, J. T.\\nWilson and family, were of the number. When Rankin was laid out,\\nthey having no house of worship in the county, and finding in the\\nMessrs. Rankin, who were of that faith, strong friends, decided to\\nbuild here. The church edifice is 36x50, and cost about $3,500. Rev.\\nMr. Whitham continued to preach for them nine years. Rev. J. T.\\nTorrance, his successor, is still ministering- to the church here. An\\ninteresting Sabbath-school is maintained.\\nThe Methodist church was built in 1874, at a cost of $3,000. It is\\n36x55, and nicely seated. Rev. W. H. Musgrove was the first\\npreacher. A large Sabbath-school is maintained Mr. C. Bowers,\\nsuperintendent. This church was really the successor of the first class\\norganized in this town, at Dopp s house, which appointment was long\\nin the Paxton circuit.\\nThe Sweeds, who are quite numerous in the country around Rankin,\\nhave organized a Lutheran church, and have purchased the school-\\nhouse for a church building. They have regular service in their own\\nlanguage, bringing their pastor from Paxton on a hand-car after he has\\nfinished his service there.\\nThe Rankin Lodge, No. 725, Freemasons, was instituted June, 1874.\\nThe first officers were: John S. Hewins, W.M. B. R. Cole, S.W.\\nW. H. Schwartz, J.W. R. W. English, Sec. A. D. Beckley, Treas.,\\nwho, with Thomas McGill, James Wardlow and George Stamp con-\\nstituted the charter members. The present officers are: J. S. Hewins,\\nW.M. B. R. Cole, S.W. J. R. Bowers, J.W. C. W. Babcock, Sec.\\nM. D. Sprague, Treas. M. J. Chapman, Senior Deacon.\\nThe people of Rankin have been very fortunate in not being much\\ntroubled with places where the ardent is dealt out for drink. They\\nwill not tolerate any such in their neighborhood. The Messrs. Rankin\\nare decided temperance men, and in this view they are in hearty sym-\\npathy with the unanimous sentiment of their little village. One man,\\nwho is now carrying on a bakery in Leadville, tried the temper of the\\ncitizens by engaging in the traffic for a short time, but he soon found\\nthat public sentiment would not permit it, and left.\\nPELLSVILLE.\\nPellsville was laid out and platted on the 20th of July, 1872, by\\nW. H. Pells, of Orleans county, New York, and A. F. Wardlow. It\\nconsisted of twenty-seven blocks in the north half of southeast quarter\\nand the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 10 (23-14).\\nMr. Pells had been for some years engaged in trade at Paxton, and", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1130.jp2"}, "1131": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. JQ18\\nwas a director in the road then being built. There was a post-office at\\nSugar Creek, which for some years had been kept at the store at the\\ncross-roads, south of Pellsville. J. W. Shilling commenced the store\\nabout 1869. He sold to Mr. Jones, who died, and Mrs. Phillips kept it\\nawhile after his death, when Mr. J. B. Lucas bought it, and continued\\nin business about six months, and then moved it to Pellsville, and built\\nthe first business house in the new town. The building was afterward\\nsold to Rankin, who moved it to Rankin, as a kind of trophy of the\\nchase. Lucas moved the post-office here at the same time, and its\\nname was changed to suit the changed locality. Mr. Pells put up a\\ngood two-story building, and leased it to Travis Brothers, who are still\\nin business here.\\nLucas continued postmaster awhile, and was succeeded by Marion\\nDaniels, he by C. T. Daniels, who is postmaster at present.\\nThe Odd-Fellows lodge was organized in 1876. They have a fine\\nhall over Daniels store. It has a membership of twenty-four.\\nThe Methodist church was built in 1873 and 1874. It is about 28\\nX 36, plain, and cost $1,500. This church belongs to the Rankin cir-\\ncuit, and is served by the same preachers that preach at Rankin.\\nThe citizens in the vicinity of Pellsville subscribed $3,500 to secure\\nthe station there, and had a long and exciting contest to secure it.\\nHer business men are energetic and wide awake, and their business is\\nprosperous.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nF. M. Smith, East Lynne, farmer, section 4, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 7th of March, 1833. In 1861 he enlisted in\\nCo. K, 33d Ind. Vol. Inf., and was in the battle of Springhill and\\nseveral skirmishes. He served three years, being on detached duty\\nmost of the time, and was mustered out at Atlanta, Georgia. He was\\nmarried on the 18th of February, 1874, to Mary C. Swisher. They\\nhave two children by this marriage: William T. and Eliza A. Mr.\\nSmith has held the offices of school director and commissioner of high-\\nways. He is a very industrious man, and well respected by the people\\nin the neighborhood in which he resides. He is a republican in poli-\\ntics. Mr. Smith owns one hundred and twenty acres of land, worth\\n$30 per acre.\\nWilliam A. Laflen, East Lynne, physician, was born in Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 14th of January, 1838. He spent his boyhood\\ndays on the farm. At the age of eighteen he commenced teaching\\nschool. He taught ten winters. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. F, 4th\\nIowa Inf., and served three years. He was in the battle of Pea Ridge.\\nMr. Laflen attended Rush Medical College two years, at the expiration", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1131.jp2"}, "1132": {"fulltext": "1014 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof which time he received a diploma for the practice of medicine. He\\ncommenced practice in Pilot township, and his labors have been at-\\ntended with much success ever since. He was married on the 29th of\\nMarch, 1868, to Sarah J. Legg. She was born in Will county, Illinois,\\non the 13th of July, 1844. The Doctor is a very enterprising man,\\nand bids fair to rank high in his profession. He owns three hundred\\nand sixty-one and a half acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nT. M. Layne, Rankin, farmer, section 11, was born in Putnam\\ncounty, Indiana, on the 26th of March, 1827. He was married in\\nIndiana, to Eliza Bittle, on the 27th of December, 1859. She was born\\nin Seneca count} Indiana, on the 11th of November, 1843. They are\\nthe parents of seven children, three of whom are living: Elmer T.,\\nHenry and Frank. The names of the deceased are Jasper, Melville,\\nLaura and Willie. Mr. Layne has held the office of school director six\\nyears, and trustee in the church. He owns eighty acres of land, worth\\n$30 per acre. His parents are natives of Kentucky; Mrs. Layne s\\nparents, of Virginia.\\nC. T. Daniel, Pellsville, grocer and confectioner, was born in\\nLogan county, Ohio, on the 1st of April, 1836, and spent his early days\\non a farm. He moved with his father from Ohio to this state in 1844,\\nand settled in Champaign county. He came to this county in 1874,\\nsettling in Pellsville, where he still resides. Mr. Daniel enlisted in\\nthe late war, in 1861, in Co. D, 3d Mo. Cav., and was in the pursuit of\\nPrice and in the battles of Hartswell (Missouri), Springfield and Pilot\\nKnob. He was married on the 7th of December, 1864. His wife was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 30th of November, 1845.\\nThey are the parents of three children Thomas W., Priscilla W., and\\nMary. Mr. Daniel has held the office of school director five years. He\\nis a republican and a Methodist.\\nElam H. Beals, Rankin, farmer, was born in Randolph county, In-\\ndiana, on the 3d of May, 1835. His early life was spent on a farm,\\nobtaining the education that could be had from a common district\\nschool. He came to this state in 1846 and settled in Vermilion county,\\nremaining but two years, when he returned to Indiana and stayed until\\nthe year 1856, at which time he came back to this county, and has since\\nremained. He was married to Amelia Parker, on the 2d of January,\\n1856. She was born in Highland county, Ohio, on the 6th of Decem-\\nber, 1837. They have had by this union seven children, four of whom\\nare living: Demetrius, Jennie, Sherman and Cora. The deceased are\\nGrant, Ellsworth and George. Mr. Beals has held the office of con-\\nstable seven years, of deputy sheriff seven years, and has been assessor\\nsince 1872.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1132.jp2"}, "1133": {"fulltext": "BUTLEE TOWNSHIP. [Q15\\nlie on\\n:is\\nFrank W. Hall, Rankin, farmer, section 25, was bora in Mai\\nthe 6th of March, 1844. His father moved to this state when he w\u00e2\u0080\u009e\\nbut three years old. He enlisted in 1802 with Co. C, 1st 111. Light\\nArtillery, and served two years and eleven months. He was in the\\nbattles of Chickamauga, Corinth, Stone River, Lookoul Mountain, Mis-\\nsion Ridge, Atlanta, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Dallas (Texas), Peach-\\ntree Creek and Jonesboro, and was mustered oul at Springfield. He\\nwas married in the spring of 1872 to Elisabeth Johnston, who was\\nborn in Ohio in 1852. They are the parents of two children: Carrie\\nB., born May 10, 1876, and Augusta M., horn February 26, L879.\\nMr. Hall has held the office of school-director and road commissioner\\nfive years, and this position he still fills.\\nJohn F. Campbell, Rankin, inn-keeper and real-estate agent, was\\nborn in Monongalia county, Virginia, on the 11th of December, L821.\\nHis early life was spent on a farm engaged in the ordinary duties that\\nattend an agriculturist s occupation. He came to Edgar county, this\\nstate, in 1846, and settled near Paris, and in 1848 removed to Danville.\\nHe has been twice married first to Elisabeth David, on the 14th of\\nOctober, 1847. She was born in Vermilion county in 1827, and died\\nin 1849. Jennie was born to them. Mr. Campbell was united, in\\n1860, to Margaret Baxter, who was born in Shelby county, Indiana.\\nMr. Campbell came to Rankin in 1872, and built the first hotel, which\\nhe has been running since; also, in addition to this, he has been doing\\na good real-estate business. He is a republican and a Methodist.\\nJesse S. Piles, Pellsville, farmer, section 11, was born in Preble\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 14th of August, 1824. His father died when he\\nwas but thirteen years of age, and, until he reached the age of twenty-\\ntwo, he helped his brothers to manage the farm. In 1854 he came to\\nthis state, and settled on the farm which he still holds, being the first\\nsettler in Butler township. He was married in Indiana, in 1857, to\\nPhcebe Bales. They have had five children John H., Margaret,\\nEmily, Nancy and Anna. Mr. Piles has held the office of postmaster\\nthree years. His political views are republican, and in religion he is a\\nMethodist.\\nH. M. Ludden (of the firm of H. M. Ludden Co.), East Lynne,\\ndry-goods and grocery merchant, was born in Franklin county, Massa-\\nchusetts, on the 3d of August, 1843. He built the first store-house in\\nEast Lynne, and started the first store. He enlisted in 1862 in !o. 1\\\\.\\n76th 111. Inf., and served three years. He was in several skirmishes.\\nMr. Ludden came to this state in 1855, and remained until 1865, when\\nhe returned to Massachusetts and there stayed till 1872. He was mar-\\nried in August, 1872, to Evaline Barr. She was horn in Vermonl in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1133.jp2"}, "1134": {"fulltext": "1016 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\n1850. They have one child: Eva L. Mr. Ludden is at present justice\\nof the peace, deputy postmaster and U. S. express agent. East Lynne\\nowes much of its success as a business place to the energy of Mr. Lud-\\nden, who is regarded as one of the best citizens of Vermilion county.\\nHe owns forty acres of land, worth $40 per acre.\\nF. D. Travis, Pellsville, dry-goods and grocery merchant, was born\\nin Indiana county, Pennsylvania, on the 12th of April, 1836. He\\ncommenced teaching school at the age of twenty, and taught six years\\nin succession. He came to this state in 1856 and commenced the mer-\\ncantile business. He was married in Indiana to Mary L. Jones, on the\\n21st of April, 1859. She was born in Illinois on the 25th of March,\\n1841. They had two children by this union, both deceased William\\nA., born on the 4th of January, 1860, and died on the 19th of Septem-\\nber, 1867, and Walter, born on the 26th of October, 1868, and died on\\nthe 25th of September, 1869. Mr. Travis has been on the school board\\nsince the district was organized. He feeds and ships some hogs. Mr.\\nTi avis is regarded as one of the best business men in Vermilion county,\\nand is respected by all. He is a democrat and a Presbyterian.\\nJ. H. Schwartz, Rankin, farmer, section 30, was born in Lancaster\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, in July, 1809, and early learned the hatter s\\ntrade. He came to this state in 1856 and commenced farming. He\\nwas one of the first settlers in Butler township, and was its first\\nsupervisor, and held the office of road commissioner two years. He\\nwas married in 1831 to Catharine Wyand. She was born in Pennsyl-\\nvania in October, 1806. They had by this union nine children, three\\nof whom are living: Elisabeth E., now wife of Lewis John, of this\\ntownship Daniel A. and William H. Mr. Schwartz lost one son in\\nthe late war. He is one of the most useful men in this county, taking\\nan active part in every enterprise that comes up. He stands well in\\nthe church to which he belongs, and in the community at large. He\\nowns two hundred acres, valued at $30 per acre. He is a republican\\nand Methodist.\\nElbridge G. Hancock, Rankin, farmer, section 11, was born in Mer-\\nrimack county, New Hampshire, on the 4th of December, 1840. His\\nfather died when he was but three years old. He lived three years\\nwith his uncle and three with his guardian, working on the farm during\\nthe summer and attending school during the winter. He came to\\nthis state in 1858 and settled in Tazewell county. He was married\\non the 17th of November, 1863, to Jemima Griffith. She was born in\\nthis state on the 26th of May, 1846. They had by this marriage two\\nchildren, one living: Nettie B.; deceased, Frank. Mr. Hancock has\\nheld the office of school director ten years, assessor one term, collector", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1134.jp2"}, "1135": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP.\\nK 17\\none term, and road commissioner one term. He owns a farm of one\\nhundred and sixty acres, valued at $30 per acre, and ships a few hogs\\nfor the Chicago market. He is a democrat and Methodist.\\nHenry Jones, Pellsville, blacksmith, was born in England, on the\\n5th of March, 1838. He learned his trade when quite young, and in\\n1856 came to America, and to this state in 1858, settling at Blue Grass,\\nwhere he remained several years, and in 1873 came to Pellsville. He\\nwas married on the 10th of September, 1861, to Susan B. Lionberger,\\nborn in Virginia, on the 21st of December, 1814. They are the parents\\nof three children: Emma T., born on the 7th of August, 1862, who,\\nthough not yet seventeen years old, is a graduate of the high school at\\nHoopeston, having attended four years; John T., born on the 16th of\\nMarch, 1865; Grace T., born on the 29th of November, 1869. Mr.\\nJones is an enterprising citizen. He owns one hundred and twenty\\nacres of well-improved farm land in Middle Fork township, worth $25\\nper acre two town lots, blacksmith shop and a dwelling. He is a repub-\\nlican and Methodist.\\nT. T. Daniels, Pellsville, hardware and agricultural implements, was\\nborn in Logan county, Ohio, on the 2d of February, 1839. He re-\\nmained on the farm until nineteen years of age, at which time his\\nfather died. He came to this state in 1844, and settled in Champaign\\ncounty, where he remained until 1858. On the 29th of July, 1861, he\\nenlisted in Co. 1, 2d 111. Cal. Vol., and was in the battles of Holly\\nSprings, Franklin, Clinton (Louisiana), Greenville (Alabama), and at the\\nsieges of Vicksburg and Ft. Blakely, also in several skirmishes. He\\nhas been twice married first, to Elisabeth J. Lucas in 1870. She was\\nborn in Indiana in 1845, and died in 1873. They had one infant, now\\ndeceased. He was then married to Emma J. Hankins, on the 2d of\\nFebruary, 1876. She was born in Indiana in 1849. They have by\\nthis marriage one child, Marse, born on the 4th of March, 1878. Mr.\\nD. is a good business man, and well respected in this community.\\nJ. L. McCauley, Kankin, dry goods and groceries, section 10, was\\nborn in Ohio on the 1st of August, 1845. His father died when he\\nwas quite young, leaving him to the care of his mother. He came to\\nthis state in 1860, and commenced business in Rankin when the village\\nfirst started. He bought the first load of corn sold in the place. He\\nhas been in the dry goods and grocery business in Rankin for three\\nyears, and is getting a first-class trade. He owns 80 acres of land,\\nworth $40 per acre, two lots, a storehouse that cost $1,400, one dwell-\\ning-house, and a half interest in one hundred acres of land in sec-\\ntion 19.\\nJames H. Applegate, East Lynne, Farmer, section 10, was born in", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1135.jp2"}, "1136": {"fulltext": "1018 HISTOEY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nMontgomery county, Indiana, on the 16th of May, 1838. He was mar-\\nried to Mary A. Armantrout on the 24th of December, 1858. She was\\nborn in Indiana on the 7th of April, 1836. They are the parents of\\nfour children Henry E., Edwin A., Simon L. and Ezra H. Mr. Apple-\\ngate came to Illinois in 1860, and now owns a farm of two hundred\\nacres, valued at $30 per acre. ,He is a deacon in the Christian church,\\nand is regarded as one of the best of citizens. Mrs. Applegate s par-\\nents are natives of Virginia.\\nC. D. Dewey, Pellsville, farmer, section 3, was born in La Salle\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 28th of May, 1841. He spent his boyhood days\\non a farm, where, by his habits of industry and economy, he learned\\nnot only how to save property but to accumulate it. He was married\\non the 22d of April, 1863, to E. F. Blodgett. She was born in Seneca\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 7th of July, 1840. They have two children\\nWalter H., born on the 10th of August, 1864; Frank E., born on the\\n31st of May, 1868. Mr. Dewey makes a specialty of handling fine\\nstock, having at present some of the best in the country. He had,\\nwhen married, no property, and now owns one hundred and sixty acres\\nof land, worth $40 per acre. He is a republican, and in religion a\\nMethodist.\\nJohn R. Bowers, Rankin, grain merchant, was born in Hamilton\\ncounty, Ohio, on the 11th of August, 1823. He moved with his father\\nto Indiana when fourteen years old, and in 1858 came to this state and\\nremained one year. He then returned to Indiana, where he remained\\nuntil 1864, at which time he returned to this state, where he has re-\\nmained since. He commenced the grain trade in 1872, and handled in\\none year $25,000 worth of grain. He has been twice married first,\\nto Phoebe Hains, in 1848. She was born in Ohio in 1826, and died in\\n1863. They had five children, four now living John H., Charles L.,\\nWarren C. and William. The deceased, Lizzie. He was then married\\nto Laura Pine in 1864. She was born in Indiana in 1843. They have\\nhad seven children, four living: Henry C, Mary E., Lina, Edward,\\nand three infants deceased.\\nO. F. Taylor, Pellsville, physician, was born in Champaign county,\\nOhio, on the 21st of March, 1841, and remained home with his parents\\nuntil twelve years of age. He came to this state in 1849, and com-\\nmenced the study of medicine in 1864. He attended the Bennett Med-\\nical College one term, and the Rush Medical College two terms, at the\\nexpiration of which he received a diploma for the practice of medicine.\\nHe first practiced in Peoria for six months, and then came to this\\ntownship, where he has been since, and has had quite an extensive\\npractice, which has been attended with good success. He was married", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1136.jp2"}, "1137": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. [QJ9\\non the 31st of December, 1867, to Nellie Clark, who was born in Ver-\\nmont, on the 10th of May, 1845. They have had two children by this\\nunion, one living: Freddie, born on the 16th of September, 1873. The\\nDoctor is a republican and a Methodist.\\nCharles Stamp, Pellsville, farmer, section 14, was born in Steuben\\ncounty, New York, on the 14th of October, 1842. In 1865 he enlisted\\nin the late war, in Co. E, 149th 111. Inf. Vol. He served one year,\\ndoing picket duty. Was married to Lizzie Jones in 1867. They are\\nthe parents of three children Rosa, Frank and John. Mr. Stamp has\\nheld the office of constable one term. He had but little property with\\nwhich to start out in life, but by economy, industry and good manage-\\nment, now owns one hundred and sixty acres of well-cultivated land,\\nworth $35 per acre. He is a republican, and as regards religion, enter-\\ntains liberal views. His parents were natives of New York.\\nJohn L. Anderson, Pellsville, farmer, section 3, was born in Sweden,\\non the 4th of April, 1841. He came with his father to America in\\n1852, settling in Indiana, where he remained until 1866. In 1862 he\\nenlisted in Co. H, 72d Mounted Inf., and served three years, being in\\nthe battles of Chickamauga and Atlanta was in a skirmish with the\\nguerillas, and was with Wilson on one of his raids. He belonged to\\nthe division that captured Jeff Davis, and was mustered out at Nash-\\nville, Tennessee. He was married on the 6th of June, 1868, to Ida\\nBergren, born in Sweden, on the 29th of June, 1859. They are the\\nparents of six children, four of whom are living: Charles A., John E.,\\nOscar V. and Augustus T. the deceased are Joseph and one infant.\\nMr. Anderson is a republican, and in religion a Lutheran. He owns\\neighty acres of land, worth $30 per acre.\\nB. L. Adamson, Pellsville, farmer, was born in Marion county, Ohio,\\non the 18th of June, 1849. For some years he assisted his father in\\nfarming and running a saw-mill, and then moved to Indiana, where he\\nremained some time, and then went back to Ohio, and after staying\\nawhile, in 1869 came to this state, and settled in Champaign county,\\nwhere he stayed three years. He carried the United States mail one\\nyear from Paxton to Rossville, and then went into mercantile business\\nin Rankin, but after being in this business three years was burned out.\\nHowever, he rebuilt, and continued his business for one year, and then\\nwent to farming. He was married on the 10th of August, 1871, to\\nMary Wilson. She was born in Indiana in 1848. They are the\\nparents of four children: Anna M., Maude, Emma G. and Alice J.\\nMr. Adamson is a republican is an industrious young man, and highly\\nrespected by the community.\\nGeorge Stamp, Pellsville, farmer, section 10, was born in New York", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1137.jp2"}, "1138": {"fulltext": "1020 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\non the 7th of August, 1828. He came to this state with his father in\\n1854, and settled near Chrisman, Edgar county, where he remained\\nfifteen years. He then, in 1869, came to this township, where he has\\nsince remained. He was married to Sarah Bacon in December, 1855.\\nShe was born in New York state. They have had six children, five of\\nwhom are living Charles A., Edward B., Riley, Ira and Arthur B.\\nMr. Stamp has held the offices of school director and road commissioner.\\nIn 1863 he enlisted in the 79th 111. Inf. Yol., and was in the battles of\\nBuzzard s Roost, Dalton, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesbor-\\nough. He was captured by Wheeler s men, and paroled. He served\\nthree years, and was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee. He owns\\neighty acres of land, worth $30 per acre. He is a republican and\\nBaptist.\\nAndrew F. Wardlaw, Pellsville, farmer, was born in Warren county,\\nKentucky, on the 5th of June, 1827. He came to this state in 1841,\\nand settled in Putnam county, where he remained until 1869, when\\nhe removed to Vermilion county. He was married on the 5th of Sep-\\ntember^ 1850, to Nancy J. Moon, who was born in Menard county,\\nIllinois, on the 26th of March, 1831. They are the parents of three\\nchildren: Sarah J., born on the 16th of June, 1851, now wife of W.\\nH. Lyon, of Butler township; Artiemissa, born on the 23d of January,\\n1854; Charley T., born on the 29th of June, 1858. Mr. Wardlaw has\\nheld the office of school director five, and pathmaster four years. In\\n1862 he enlisted in the war, in Co. E, 4th 111. Cav., and was wounded\\nin the shoulder in the battle of Coffeeville. He was in several skirm-\\nishes, and served two years and nine months. Mr. Wardlaw is a\\nrepublican and a Presbyterian.\\nOwen S. Rollins, Pellsville, mechanic and carpenter, was born in\\nNew Hampshire, on the 25th of May, 1836. He worked in his father s\\nmill until tyenty-one years of age. He then learned the cabinet-\\nmaker s trade, and then that of the carpenter. He came to this state\\nin 1866, settling in Bureau county, where he remained till 1868, when\\nhe removed to Champaign county, and there stayed two years. He\\nthen moved to Blue Grass, and then to Pellsville. Mr. Rollins has\\nbeen twice married first to Louisa A. Tilton, on the 14th of Decem-\\nber, 1855. She was born in New Hampshire, on the 26th of Septem-\\nber, 1835, and died in 1865. They had one child, which died in June,\\n1856. Mr. Rollins was then married to Izalinda Moore, in September,\\n1869. She was born in 1847. They have by this marriage five chil-\\ndren Harry, Berton, Eddy, Helen B., Halycon. Mr. Rollins is a\\nrepublican and a Methodist.\\nM. C. Small, East Lynne, farmer and stock-dealer, section 23, was", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1138.jp2"}, "1139": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP.\\nlM Jl\\nborn in Montgomery county, Indiana, on the 10th of October, 1833.\\nHe came to this state in 1870. He was married on the 21st of Decem-\\nber, 1869, to Sarah M. McA lister. She was born in Indiana in 1842.\\nThey have two children: Laura E. and Charley E. Mr. Small has\\nheld the offices of school trustee and school director; has also been\\ndeacon in the Christian church. He fattens and ships from fifty to one\\nhundred head of hogs a year, and handles some cattle. He is a repub-\\nlican in politics.\\nGeorge Ensminger, Pellsville, wagon-maker, was born in Perry\\ncounty, Pennsylvania, on the 12th of November, 1836, and came to\\nthis state in 1872, settling in Pellsville. He has been twice married\\nfirst to Angeline C. Snyder, in 1862. She was also born in Perry\\ncounty, Pennsylvania. She died in 1870. They had two children by\\nthis marriage: Mary S., born in 1863, and Aaron B. S., born in 1864.\\nHe was then married to Matilda J. Casise, in 1873. She was born in\\nPerry county, Pennsylvania. Mr. Ensminger is doing a good business,\\nbeing the only wagon-maker in the village. He owns seven lots, a\\ndwelling and wagon-shop in Pellsville. He is a democrat, and in\\nreligion entertains liberal views.\\nBenjamin R. Cole, Rankin, dry goods and groceries, was born in\\nSt. Joseph county, Indiana, on the 9th of February, 1841. His father\\ndied when he was fifteen years old. In the late war he enlisted in Co. C,\\n73d. Ind. Inf., as private, but was soon after promoted to orderly ser-\\ngeant. He served thirty-five months, and was in the battles of Perrvs-\\nville, Kentucky, Stone River, and several other battles. He was taken\\nprisoner near Richmond, and was taken to Indianapolis and exchanged.\\nMr. Cole was married to Elisabeth Hays on the 27th of May, 1866.\\nShe was born near Crawfordsville, Indiana, on the 24th of June, 1846.\\nMr. Cole has held the office of town clerk one term, and has been post-\\nmaster for the past four years. He commenced the mercantile business\\nin Rankin in 1874. A few years ago he had but little property, but\\nby his honesty, perseverance and economy, now owns eighty acres of\\nland, worth $2,000, and has about $7,000 invested in his store. He is\\na republican and Methodist.\\nF. M. Hall, East Lynne, grain merchant, was born in Maine, and\\nwas raised on a farm. He came to this state in 1848, and first settled\\nin La Salle county. He remained there twenty-seven years, and then\\ncame to this county, and, in 1878, went into the grain business in East\\nLynne. He enlisted in the late war in August, 1862, in Co. D, 104th\\n111. Inf. Vol., and served until the close of the war. He was in the\\nbattles of Hartsville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge\\nand Resaca. Mr. Hall has been twice married: first, to Addie L Kel-", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1139.jp2"}, "1140": {"fulltext": "1022 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nley, in October, 1865. She was born in Ohio in 1843. They had three\\nchildren Arthur, Eva R. and Claudie B. He was then married to\\nElla F. Wilson on the 26th of April, 1877. She was born in Illinois\\nin 1856. Mr. Hall has held the office of constable one term, and town-\\nship collector one term. He owns two hundred acres of land half a\\nmile from East Lynne, valued at $35 per acre. He is a republican and\\na Baptist.\\nBradley Butterfield, Rankin, farmer and carpenter, was born in Ben-\\nnington county, Vermont, on the 24th of December, 1829. He came\\nto this state in 1854, and settled in Putnam county, where he remained\\nfor sixteen years, working at the carpenter s trade. He came to this\\ncounty in 1870. He was married on the 14th of February, 1861, to\\nPriscilla Gurned, born in 1829. They are the parents of two chil-\\ndren, one living, Edwin S. deceased, James W. Mr. Butterfield has\\nheld the office of township collector and constable. He is at present\\nsupervisor. He owns one hundred and forty-five acres of land, worth\\n$35 per acre. His father was a native of New Hampshire his mother,\\nof Massachusetts. He is a republican.\\nJustin S. Hall, East Lynne, farmer, section 15, was born in Maine,\\non the 24th of April, 1840. When he was eight years old he came\\nwith his father to this state, settling in La Salle county, where he re-\\nmained twenty years, farming and teaching. He then moved to Liv-\\ningston county, where he stayed six years, and came to this county in\\n1874. He enlisted in 1862 in Co. B, 104th 111. Inf. Vol., and was in\\nthe battle of Hartsville. He served three months, and was discharged\\non account of sickness. Mr. Hall was married on the 28th of Janu-\\nary, 1869, to Sarah M. Stanford. She was born in La Salle county, on\\nthe 7th of May, 1845. They are the parents of three children, two\\nliving: Emery S. and Ralph E. deceased, Elber J. Mr. Hall owns\\none hundred and sixty acres of land, worth $25 per acre. He has held\\nthe offices of town clerk, supervisor of township, and road commissioner.\\nHe is a republican and Baptist. Mrs. Hall is a Congregationalism\\nE. H. Whitham, Rankin, banker and grain merchant, was born in\\nCoshocton county, Ohio, on the 8th of November, 1847. He spent his\\nearly life on a farm, and his educational advantages were only those of\\ncommon district school. He came with his father to this state in 1866,\\nand in 1875 settled in Rankin, commencing his banking business and\\ngrain buying. He was married to Elisabeth George in January, 1879.\\nShe was born in Ohio. Mr. Whitham is a republican and a Presby-\\nterian. His father, a native of Virginia, was a very noted minister of\\nPresb}^terian church. He owns sixteen lots and a house and bank in\\nRankin. Mrs. Whitham s parents were natives of Ohio.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1140.jp2"}, "1141": {"fulltext": "BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1023\\nN R. Hall, East Lynne, farmer, was born in the state of Maine on\\nthe 13th of December, 1844, where he remained until 1848, when the\\nfamily of which he was a member removed to this state, settling in\\nLa Salle county. Here Mr. Hall was married to S. Augusta Knapp,\\na native of the count} 7 named. They are the parents of three children\\nGeorge W., Lucia K. and S. Lloyd N. In 1875 the family removed to\\nEast Lynne, since which time Mr. Hall has been engaged in handling\\nhardware, lumber and agricultural implements, in addition to his orig-\\ninal business that of farming. By industry and economy he has\\nacquired quite a competency, being possessed of considerable propert}\\nin and about the village.\\nC. B. Eells, Rankin, farmer, section 25, was born in La Salle county,\\nIllinois. His father was one of the pioneers of this county. He was\\nwith the Indians, and for two years did not see the face of a white\\nman. Mr. Eells assisted his father on the farm in La Salle county until\\nthe year 1875, having been previous^ married to Francis E. Maines.\\nShe was born in New York on the 24th of July, 1847. They are the\\nparents of three children Nellie, Manford and Milton C. Mr. Eells\\nhas held the office of school director. His grandfather was in the\\nBlack Hawk war.\\nJames Sloan, Rankin, farmer, section 5, was born in Ireland on the\\n15th of June, 1846. He came to America in 1854, and settled in\\nOhio, where he remained for a period of twelve years, engaging in\\nfarming pursuits. He then moved to Cass county, Illinois, where he\\nremained ten years, and then, in 1876, came to this county, where he\\nhas. since resided. He was married to Matilda Simpson in 1875. She\\nwas born in Ireland. They have two children John C. and Lillie J.\\nMr. Sloan is a republican, and in religion a Presbyterian. He owns\\neighty acres of land.\\nAaron D. Darnall, East Lynne, attorn ey-at-1 aw, was born in Edgar\\ncounty, Illinois, on the 20th of February, 1847, being a son of the Rev.\\nAaron Darnall, of that county, who was born in Bourbon county, Ken-\\ntucky, in 1809, and was one of the pioneers of Edgar county also was\\na Baptist minister of considerable note. The subject of this sketch, in\\n1875, commenced reading law with R. N Bishop, of Paris, Illinois.\\nAfter attending Ann Arbor law school one year, he was admitted to\\nthe bar in 1877, and has been practicing since, bidding fair to rank\\nhigh in his chosen profession. He was married on the 29th of August,\\n1878, to Catharine A. Rice. She was born in Putnam county, Illinois,\\non the 15th of January, 1855. They have one child, Oliver Leslie,\\nborn on the 15th of March, 1879. Mr. Darnall is a democrat, and in\\nreligion a Baptist.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1141.jp2"}, "1142": {"fulltext": "1024 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nJohn B. Hazel, Rankin, practicing physician, was born in Cham-\\npaign county, Ohio, in 1843. He remained on the farm until he was\\nsixteen years of age, at which time he commenced attending medical\\nlectures, first at the Rush Medical College, at Chicago, during one\\ncourse. In 1862 he enlisted in the late war, in Co. I, Zuaves, and\\nserved until the close of the war. He then resumed his studies, and at\\nthe expiration of two years received a diploma for the practice of med-\\nicine from the college before mentioned. He commenced business in\\nFarmer City, Illinois, and then went to Penfield, where he met with\\neminent success for seven years. He came to Rankin in 1878, and is\\nhere meeting much encouragement. In 1868 he was married to Miss\\nD. Rollins, a native of Champaign county. They have one child\\nHallie.\\nN. F. Ketcham, Pellsville, lumber merchant, was born in Roches-\\nter, New York, on the 24th of April, 1829. His chances for an early\\neducation were good, having attended the Baptist Seminary, of New\\nYork, and the Methodist Seminary, of Ohio. He was married in 1854,\\nto Helen A. Wilkinson, born in Waterloo, New York. They have had\\nfive children, four of whom are living D. Ernest, born on the 6th of\\nAugust, 1855 Clara A., born on the 4th of June, 1857 Lottie, born\\non the 21st of July, 1860 M. Cassias, born on the 15th of April,\\n1863 Charley, born on the 27th of November, 1867, and died in 1868.\\nWhen he came to this state, in 1864, he settled in Kankakee, where\\nhe was deputy circuit clerk three years. He has in Vermilion county\\nheld the offices of town clerk and of deputy circuit clerk one term. He\\nis steward and class leader in the Methodist church, and has taught\\nschool twenty different terms. He commenced the lumber business in\\nPellsville in 1878.\\nSIDELL TOWNSHIP.\\nThe township of Sidell occupies the southwestern corner of the\\ncounty, having Edgar and Champaign counties respectively for its\\nsouthern and western boundaries, and Yance on its northern and Car-\\nroll on its eastern sides. Until 1867 it formed a portion of Carroll\\ntownship for political purposes. When it was erected into a separate\\ntownship the name was given to it in honor of Hon. John Sidell, who\\nowned an extensive farm here. The valley of the Little Vermilion,\\nhere an inconsiderable stream, runs nearly through its center, having\\nthe ridges or strips of high land which bound this valley on the north-\\nern and southern boundaries of the township. This beautiful valley,", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1142.jp2"}, "1143": {"fulltext": "SIDELL TOWNSHIP. 1025\\nmore of a basin in appearance here, because so nearly destitute of trees,\\nencloses within its pale some of the richest farming lands of Vermilion\\ncounty. It was all originally prairie, except six small groves, aggre-\\ngating less than two square miles of timber land. For this reason\\nalone it failed to attract attention for the first twenty years of the coun-\\nty s history. The little groves had been taken, but the broad expanse\\nof prairie, which forms the real wealth of this prairie township, was in-\\nhabited only by those pestiferous things which are disastrous alike to\\nthe peace of man and beast. Perhaps there never was, in the same\\nrange of country, so many inhuman flies as only a few years ago lived\\nand made day noxious in the limits of this prairie basin of the Little\\nVermilion, now known as Sidell. Flies till you couldn t rest is a\\nmild way of putting it. During the month of August people found it\\nnecessary to travel by night to save their horses from being almost\\neaten up.\\nThere were a few scattering residents in the township before 1850,\\nbut it was not until 1855 to 1860 that anything like general cultiva-\\ntion can be said to have taken place. In 1853 Michael Sullivant, whose\\nrecent sudden death, followed so close upon the loss of his large prop-\\nerty, was so startling, began making his large entries of land in this\\nand the adjoining counties. He entered forty-seven thousand acres\\nlying in a body in Sidell township and in Champaign county. About\\nthe same time he entered over fifty thousand acres in Ford and Living-\\nston counties. The portion which was in Sidell came into possession\\nof his son Joseph, and he has from that time been managing it as a\\nstock farm until last year. The Sullivant land in Champaign county,\\nafter having been brought into cultivation, was sold to Mr. Alexander,\\nwhen Mr. Sullivant concluded to bring his large farm, lying in Ford\\nand Livingston counties, into cultivation. His ambition was to have a\\nlarge farm arid work it by hired help. No portion of his land was\\nleased, and he depended entirely on the grain that he raised and the\\nsale of it.\\nThe farming operations of Joseph, in Sidell, were of a different\\nnature. He went largely into cattle feeding with very fair results and\\nflattering prospects. About 1867 the attention of farmers here was\\nfirst called to the cheap cattle in Texas and the Indian Nation, where\\nupon the large prairies they were raised cheaply until three or four\\nyears old, and then collected and driven across the country to be grass-\\nfed, and then grain-fed. The increasing demand for cattle, the reduced\\nrange in Illinois, and the other circumstances consequent upon Illinois\\nemerging from a state of nature, had so restricted the supply of\\nstockers that cattle-men began looking elsewhere for them. The\\n65", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1143.jp2"}, "1144": {"fulltext": "1026 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nTexan steers could be bought for about thirty or forty per centum\\nless than the high grades which were raised here. They were hearty\\nfeeders, and when well fatted were worth only a trifle less than the\\nshort-horns. Here then was a sufficient inducement for men who, like\\nMr. Sullivant, had large tracts like this Sidell farm, to take cattle where\\nthey could buy them cheapest. It looked like a very sure road to\\nfortune. Mr. Sullivant put seven hundred Texans on his farm about\\nthis time. These cattle, before becoming acclimated, were liable to\\nwhat was familiarly called the Texan fever, a disease which pre-\\nvailed among them during the first summer of their life north, and\\nwhich was so contagious that the natives here contracted it, and great\\nnumbers died. It was more fatal to the natives than to the Texans.\\nThis disease, like most of the other prevailing contagions, seems to\\nhave lost, with time, a portion of its virulence, and is hardly known\\nnow, or owing to the different treatment of the Texan herds, it has\\n60 nearly ceased to exist that the present generation hears nothing of\\nit. It was a terrible blow to cattle men in this state. Instances\\noccurred where train loads of cattle were unloaded in consequence of\\nan accident on the road, and were left to wander over the prairies for a\\nday or two, thus carrying the infection, which proved fatal to all cattle\\nin the vicinity. The authority of the state was invoked, and the legis-\\nlature passed stringent laws forbidding the importation into the state\\nof Texan cattle. This proved only a partial remedy, as, when cases\\nwere tried in the courts, defendants pleaded the unconstitutionality of\\nthe act of the state legislature, claiming that under that clause of the\\nnational constitution which gives congress authority to regulate com-\\nmerce among the several states, the state could not interfere to regu-\\nlate or prohibit such importation. This had the effect to protract legal\\nproceedings, and gave to the corporations a chance to worry the farmers\\nout. Some of these cases are still in court.\\nFrom this disaster Mr. Sullivant was never able to recover, and\\nafter years of heroic trials he saw his splendid farm sold out, and noth-\\ning was saved out of the wreck of a magnificent fortune. Edward\\nClark became the purchaser of most of the land, and still owns it.\\nA few only had found homes in this township before the advent of\\nMr. Sullivant. A man by the name of Boose, about whom little is\\nknown, beyond that he was one of those uneasy, roving specimens who\\nnever do much but hunt places and game, made a settlement at Jack-\\nson s Grove in 1828, but did not stay long. Bob Cruisan settled at\\nSidell s Grove a year or two later, but soon after went to Douglas\\ncounty. Hammer and Myers were first in Jackson s Grove, but Thos.\\nBrewer entered them out and they went away. Brewer sold to", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1144.jp2"}, "1145": {"fulltext": "SIDELL TOWNSHIP. 1027\\nCollett when the latter made his purchases of lands in this township.\\nJosephus Collett, of Indiana, about 1844, entered the lands which\\ncovered the small groves along the Little Vermilion, knowing that they\\nwould first be in demand by actual settlers. These tracts entered by\\nhim included Sidell Grove, Jackson Grove, Garrett Grove, Rowan\\nGrove, and probably Twin Grove. Frank Foos is supposed to have\\nmade the first permanent improvement in this township in 1851. He\\nhad lived at Marysville and had heard of the wonderful fertility of the\\nvalley of the Little Vermilion. When he made his improvement there,\\nhe was four miles out from land or from neighbors, which is the\\nsame thing. He built a house there, and after working the place a few\\nyears traded it to Edward Rowan, who brought it into its present cul-\\ntivation. Mr. Foos now lives in Indianola, and the farm is still in\\nthe possession of the heirs of Mr. Rowan.\\nA cheap kind of a character by the name of Tole commenced farm-\\ning operations about the same time at Garrett s Grove, a mile upstream\\nfrom Jackson s Grove. He was in some respects a sample of the then\\nexisting fault-finders, who never saw any good in their present condi-\\ntion, but are always hoping for better things. With thousands of\\nacres of the best land lying around that needed only to be plowed to\\nproduce the most luxurious crops without further work, he spent his\\ntime during all the early spring, cutting off the fine timber in that\\ngrove, and when planting time came he went off several miles to get\\nmen to come and help him roll up the logs which he was unable to\\nhandle, so that he could burn them up. By the time he had his logs\\nnicely burned up it was too late to plant the frost caught his crop\\nwhen it was nicely in roasting ears and he made up his mind that\\nthis country was not adapted to farming, and went off to Missouri or\\nsome other haven for the disappointed, where he could find logs to roll\\nat all seasons of the year, and where they were small enough for him\\nto skid them.\\nAt that time people supposed it took six or eight yoke of oxen to\\nbreak prairie, and did not know that the red root could be destroyed\\nby hitting it with the sharp edge of a plow, even without cutting it off.\\nA person who could not command a breaking team, or pay two dol-\\nlars and a half per acre for breaking, must get along without. A\\ngentleman who decided in his own mind that he could break prairie\\nwith a horse team, by dodging around the red roots as he would\\naround stumps or stones, aroused so much ridicule (this was about 1853)\\nthat men went miles to see the trial, and to laugh at the new-fangled\\nnotions of a book-farmer. This was Hon. W. T. Stackpole, who has\\nrecently given to the world a system for the permanent improvement", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1145.jp2"}, "1146": {"fulltext": "1028 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof rivers, which is destined to work a revolution in the navigation of\\nthe western rivers.\\nThe Jacksons (Adam, William, Thomas and James) had been in\\nthe employ of Mr. Josephus Collett in various employments, and con-\\ncluded to try farming for a while. Mr. Collett had a lot of cattle out\\non the prairies, and wanted some one to look after them. The Jack-\\nson boys were industrious and saving, and were trusted by Mr. Col-\\nlett a trust which they never betrayed. After making a farm at\\nJackson s Grove, and remaining there a few years, somebody put it\\ninto their heads to think that Mr. Collett was getting the best of the\\nbargain. They adopted some of the ideas of recent reformers in regard\\nto capital oppressing labor, and abandoned Mr. Collett and his place,\\nand purchased a small farm in Carroll township. Soon they concluded\\nthat they could do better on Collett s job, and came back to the Grove,\\nwhere they have since made their home. Adam, who died in 1860,\\npurchased about seven hundred acres of this land at and around the\\nGrove, and it still remains in the family. The widow and children of\\nAdam, and a sister, reside here. William died last year. They were\\nin some respects a singular family. They would never take township\\noffice, and would never assume any of the responsibilities which lead-\\ning citizens usually assume. They kept their money hid away, and all\\nattempts to get them to loan it where it would do the most good\\nwere unavailing. It is believed that they had gold hidden away all\\nduring the time of greatest inflation, only to bring it out again when\\nthe premium had disappeared.\\nJohn Stark came here with his large family in 1852, and took up\\nland in section 29. He was an enterprising and successful farmer, and\\nmuch respected. He died a few years since. William still lives here,\\nand his brother, J. M., is in Colorado. Two other children are in\\nColorado. Mrs. Barnett is in Indianola, and Mrs. Bennett in Sidell.\\nWilliam Gray came in 1858, and settled on section 30 in the south\\npart of the township. Archibald McDowell, who was among the first\\nyoung men who came to live in Carroll township, made his home here\\non section 33, in the south part of the town, about 1855. W. H.\\nSconce has been in the county fifty years, and has seen it grow from a\\nwilderness to its present condition of wealth and importance. His\\nfather first settled at Brooks Point, and in 1858 bought the land on\\nsection 16 of Ward H. Lamon for seven dollars and fifty cents per acre.\\nWilliam H. still remains on the farm.\\nHon. John Sidell, after whom the town was named, at the sugges-\\ntion of Mr. John C. Short, owns a beautiful farm of about three thou-\\nsand acres, on both sides of the Little Vermilion. He commenced life", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1146.jp2"}, "1147": {"fulltext": "SIDELL TOWNSHIP. 1029\\nas a carpenter, in Ohio, and advancing cautiously, with the aid of his\\nclear judgment, he found himself in 1861 in possession of sufficient\\nmeans to carry on a more extensive business in a newer country. He\\nhad been up and down the river a good deal, had beeu nine times to\\nIowa, and had looked over the country pretty thoroughly, until he\\nfound here just the place which would suit him. Alexander Kowan\\nhad some years before this purchased the Collett Grove property\\nabout thirteen hundred acres of Josephus Collett, and was improving\\nit, when Mr. Sidell bought him out, and added to it by the purchase of\\nnearly six thousand acres more. While living in Danville his wife\\ndied. After that he removed to the Grove, and has made this his\\nhome ever since. In 1873 he sold off a portion of his land to the\\namount of one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars worth, and with\\nthe bounds thus reduced, he has carried on one of the largest, if not\\nthe largest, cattle business in Vermilion county.\\nThe Danville Charleston railroad has been graded through the\\ntownship, running almost directly in a westerly direction through it.\\nThere is a prospect that it will be built soon.\\nThe only post-office in Sidell is the one at Sidell s Grove, established\\nabout two years ago, of which Mrs. Sarah Webster is postmistress.\\nThe office is served with tri-weekly mail from Indianola.\\nThere are three church organizations, but none of them have church\\nbuildings. The Sidell appointment of the Methodist church was or-\\nganized in 1870. For some years it belonged to the Dallas circuit, but\\nis now a separate appointment. Rev. J. H. Williams, a local preacher,\\nis in charge, and arrangements have been made to build the corning\\nseason. Mr. Williams has shown great zeal and energy in his work,\\nand is meeting with marked success.\\nThe Cumberland Presbyterian church was organized at the Sheridan\\nschool-house in 1875, by Rev. H. H. Ashmore. In the fall of 1874 he\\ncommenced preaching there on each fourth Monday. In January, 1875,\\nhe protracted his meeting over two Sabbaths, at which time nineteen\\npersons were enrolled for membership in a church organization. The\\nfollowing persons were the first members: William Hinton and wife,\\nJames Allison and wife, E. Douglass and wife, A. Abbott, wife and\\ntwo daughters, Mrs. Rawlins, Miss S. Rawlins, Miss T. Rawlins, Mrs.\\nGrimes, Mrs. McDaniel, daughter and son, A. Nebb, James Hinton and\\nJ. Barnes. The church chose the name of Sheridan church, and was\\nduly recognized by the Foster Presbytery at its session in April, 1875.\\nMr. Ashmore was chosen to supply its pulpit one fourth of the time.\\nJames Allison and William Hinton were elected first elders, and a year\\nlater David Eaton was added to the eldership. A Sabbath-school is", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1147.jp2"}, "1148": {"fulltext": "L080 HISTORY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nmaintained. After three years Mr. Ashmore resigned his charge, and\\nRev. James Wbitlock was employed to supply the church.\\nThe Methodist Episcopal No. IV so called from being organized\\nin school district No. 9, was organized in September, 1866, by Rev.\\nBenjamin F. Newman. The leading members of this class were Mr.\\nWelch, James Thomas, John Talbert, II. B. Gibson and Thos. Gibson.\\nJames Currant is class-leader, and William Ray is steward. The class\\nnumbers seventeen members. The Sabbath-school numbers fifty.\\nThe township was cut off from Carroll in 1867. W. A. Moore was\\nthe first supervisor, and was twice reelected. H. E. P. Talbott was\\nelected in 1870, and James Thomas in 1871-2. John Sharp was\\nelected in 1873, and resigned. W. A. Moore was appointed in his stead.\\nH. E. P. Talbott has served since. H. Gibson was the first clerk,\\nserving two years; J. II. Oak wood, one; John Smoot, three, and\\nAlfred Gray, five. W. P. Witherspoon served four years as assessor,\\nJohn Smoot three, and Mr. Witherspoon continually since. The\\njustices of the peace have been Win. Gray, R. R. Smith, J. G. Colburn,\\nH. E. P. Talbott, W. A. Moore and S. Gray. The commissioners of\\nhighways: Wm. Gray, J. M. Sul ivant, R. E. Page, John J. Jackson,\\nWin. Stark, Matthew Trimble, J. E. Allison and J. H. Parish.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL.\\nA. McDowel, Indianola, tanner and stock-raiser, section 33, was\\nborn in Todd county, Kentucky, on the 13th of September, 1814, and\\ncame with parents to Crawford county, Illinois, in about 1817. He\\ncame to Vermilion county in 1827. His father was a native of Green-\\nbrier county, Virginia, and died in Crawford county, Illinois. His\\nmother also was a native of Virginia. Mr. McDowel has been twice\\nmarried. His first wife was Mary V. llildreth. She was a native of\\nBourbon county, Kentucky, and was born in 1813. They were mar-\\nried in 1838, and she was a faithful wife and mother until her death, in\\nL854. Mr. McDowel the second time married S. A. Seals, in 1800; a\\nnative of Edgar county, Illinois, born on the 6th of January, 1S42.\\nHe has live children by his former wife: Louisa, wife of Mr. Epley;\\nMargaret, wife of Wm. Parish, during his life; Columbus William and\\nNancy A. James II. is deceased. By his present wife he is the father\\nof John I., Alice J., Amanda, Thomas, Cyrus and Ora, and two de-\\nceased Mary M. and George B. Mr. McDowel has been a hard\\nworking and energetic man, commencing without anything but good\\nhealth and a determination to have a home. He has succeeded, for he\\nnow owns a tine farm of four hundred and fifty acres under good culti-\\nvation, which was accomplished by his own industry.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1148.jp2"}, "1149": {"fulltext": "BIDELL TOWNSHIP. 1081\\nW. W. Stark, Sidell s Grove, farmer, section 29, is a son of John\\nand Mary Stark, who were natives of Bourbon county, Kentucky.\\nThey removed to Parke county, Indiana, at an early day. From there\\nhe came to Vermilion county, in about 1 828, and settled at the old\\nSandusky farm at Brook s Point, where W. W. Stark was horn, on\\nthe 17th of October, 1432. They removed to Side!! township in 1855,\\nwhere they lived until their death. Mr. Stark was married on the\\n10th of November, 1868, to Miss Mary, daughter of Dr. J. B. Mc-\\nHoffee; they have three daughters and one son Viola, Blanche, Daisy\\nand James P., William B. died. Mr. Stark has crossed the plains\\nseveral times. He went to Pike s Peak in 1859, and returned in 1862.\\nHe made a trip to Montana in 1804, and hack in L866, and to the\\nBlack Hills in 1870, where he had a fight with the Indians. He then\\nwent to Colorado, and spent the summer, ami then returned home,\\nwhere he has been engaged in farming. Mr. Stark is a member of\\nthe A.F. A.M., and in politics is a democrat.\\nWilliam P. McDowel, Indianola, Illinois, farmer, section 29, was\\nborn in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 7th of September, 1839.\\nHis father is one of the early settlers of the county. Mr. McDowel\\nmarried, in 1804, Miss Sarah Ramsy, daughter of Thomas Ramsy\\nShe was born in Miami county, Ohio, in 1844, and the result of their\\nunion is six children: Ella, Effie, Evaline, Jessie, Tillie, Nellie, living,\\nand two deceased: Katie and Pell. Mr. McDowel owns two hundred\\nand eighty acres of land, and his political views are democratic.\\nH. E. P. Talbott, Sidell s Grove, farmer, section 9, is a son of Au-\\ngaustine and Drusilla (Parker) Talbott, who were natives of Kentucky.\\nThey came to Madison county, Ohio, in 1820, where the subject of our\\nsketch was born, on the 7th of August, 1831. His father died in that\\ncounty, and he and his mother came to Vermilion county, in 1851,\\nwhere his mother died, in 1804. Mr. Talbott served in the late war,\\nin Co. G, 79th Ind. Vol. He was in the battle of Perryville, and was\\ndischarged on account of disabilities received. He returned to Indi-\\nana and remained one year, and then came to Vermilion again in 1800.\\nMr. Talbott was united in marriage in 1807, to Miss Lucy E. Utter-\\nback, daughter of H. Utterback. She is a native of Ralls county, Mis-\\nsouri, born in 1841. The result of this union is two sons and one\\ndaughter: Augustine, Hugh II. and Sarah E. Mr. Talbott is a mem-\\nber of the Capitol Lodge, Indianapolis, Indiana, 124, I.O.O.F., and\\nMrs. T. is a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Talbott has been hon-\\nored by the citizens of his township with the office of justice of the\\npeace and supervisor. He is a staunch republican.\\nWilliam Gray, Palermo, Edgar county, farmer, section 30, is a son", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1149.jp2"}, "1150": {"fulltext": "1032 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\nof Lewis and Mary Gray, who were natives of New Jersey, but of\\nEnglish descent, and came to Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1800. They\\nthen went to Butler county, Ohio, where \u00c2\u00a5m. Gray was born, on the\\n9th of May, 1816. Mr. Gray remained at his birthplace until after his\\nmarriage, in 1841. His wife was Miss Sarah A. Harmon, daughter of\\nSamuel and Mary Harmon, who were of German and Scotch descent,\\nand came to Warren county, Ohio, in an early day. This was the\\nbirth-place of Mrs. Gray, who was born on the 14th of October, 1822.\\nMr. Gray removed to Clinton county, Indiana, in 1844, where he en-\\ngaged in farming for some time, and in 1859 removed to Vermilion\\ncounty, Illinois, where he has been known as an energetic and public-\\nspirited man, and respected by the community in which he lives. He\\nhas raised a respectable family of one son and four daughters Mary J.,\\nwife of J. Mills Alfred Elizabeth A., wife of J. Wilson Clara L.\\nAlice, wife of S. Gurthrie. The deceased members of his family are*\\nHarvey, who died while in the rebellion William H., Milton and\\nSarah. Mr. Gray served the people as justice of peace seven years,\\nand in other minor offices of the township. He is in his political views\\na republican.\\nWhat is usually termed genius has little to do with the success of\\nmen in general. Keen perception, sound judgment and a determined\\nwill, backed by persevering and continuous effort, are essential ele-\\nments to success in any calling, and their possessor is sure to accom-\\nplish the ends hoped for in the days of his youth. Our subject is\\nanother example of what can be accomplished by honest, steady and\\nindustrious application to business, and his name is worthy a place in\\nhistory. John Sidell was born in Washington county, Maryland, on\\nthe 27th of June, 1816. His father died when he was eight years of\\nage, and he remained in his native county until nineteen years old,\\nworking by the month on a farm. For the first month he received\\none and a half dollars, and, not being satisfied, in 1838 he came to\\nGreene county, Ohio, which place he reached with but nineteen dol-\\nlars and a limited supply of clothes. He was soon engaged to work\\non a farm for twelve dollars per month, and as soon as he had saved\\nenough money, came west on horseback, passing through Illinois and\\ninto Iowa, not finding a location at that time. He returned to Ohio,\\nthis time taking a contract to cut wood for thirty-three and one-third\\ncents per cord, this being the hardest work he ever undertook. This\\nwas his starting-point of success, for from that time on he became a\\ndealer in stock, and since he came to this county (1860) has been one\\nof the largest stock-dealers in the county. Mr. Sidell has been twice\\nmarried. His first wife was Elizabeth Cline. They were married on", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1150.jp2"}, "1151": {"fulltext": "SIDELL TOWNSHIP. 1033\\nthe 20th of January, 1846. She was a native of Greene county, Ohio,\\nborn on the 16th of December, 1823, and died on the 1st of May, 1854.\\nHe was married the second time to Miss Ada B. Eansom, on the 20th\\nof January, 1857, a native of Canada, born on the 15th of June, 1837,\\nand remained his wife until her death, on the 4th of October, 1868.\\nHe is the father of one son and one daughter by his first wife: George\\nA. and Allie E., and, by his second wife, three: Jennie H., Joseph\\nJ., and Lula B. Mr. Sidell has served the people of the county as\\nrepresentative. He was a whig until the organization of the republican\\nparty, when he joined its ranks.\\nW. P. Witherspoon, Fairmount, farmer, section 20, was born in\\nMorgan county, Alabama, on the 4th of November, 1825, and came\\nwith his parents to Gibson county, Indiana, in 1828, where his occupa-\\ntion was that of a farmer. He remained there until 1861, and then\\nremoved to Vermilion county, where he has resided, as one of the\\nprominent citizens of Sidell township. His father was born in Virginia\\nin 1798, and died in Gibson county, Indiana, in 1862. His mother\\nwas a native of Alabama, and was born in 1833. Mr. W. has been\\nthree times married. His first wife was Julie Lynn, and they were\\nwas married in 1847. She was a native of Gibson county, Indiana. He\\nmarried the second time, to Sitha McDaniel, in 1850. She was also a\\nnative of Gibson county, and was born in 1834, and died in 1877.\\nBoth wives died with consumption. His present wife was M. Orr, a\\nnative of Indiana, and they were married in 1878. He is the father of\\neight children by his second wife: John D., George W., Lawrence M.,\\nHattie R., Elmer E., Mable, Nora R., Lillie A., and two dead: James\\nM. and William C. Mr. W. has served as assessor of Sidell township,\\nand collector, and other offices of the township. He and his wife are\\nmembers of the M. E. church, and he is a republican.\\nA. W. White, Broadlands, Champaign county, farmer, section 35, is\\na descendant of the first of the Whites that came to America on the\\nMayflower. They were of English descent. Mr. A. W. White was\\nborn in Pickaway county, Ohio, on the 20th of March, 1843. He came\\nto Champaign county in 1861, but returned soon after, and attended\\nmilitary college, from which he graduated in 1863. During this time\\nhe was in active service under McClellan in the summer of 1862, and\\nin the spring of 1863 he was commissioned first-lieutenant of the 7th\\nOhio Cav., and was detached as body-guard to the President during the\\nwar. He was at the siege of Richmond, and was engaged in the second\\nbattle of Bull Run and Harper s Ferry. Mr. White returned to Illi-\\nnois after the close of the war, and in 1870 was married to Miss Lora\\nJ. Stevens, daughter of Dr. H. Stevens. She was born in Champaign", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1151.jp2"}, "1152": {"fulltext": "1034 HISTOKY OF VERMILION COUNTY.\\ncount} Illinois, on the 7th of July, 1850. They have three children\\nRena E., Clara E., and Florence.\\nC. L. Eaton, Broadlands, Illinois, farmer, is the son of Benjamin\\nand Hannah Eaton, who were of English descent and were natives of\\nMassachusetts. They removed to Ross county, Ohio, in about 1818,\\nwhere C. L. Eaton was born in 1820. He received his education and\\nremained there until 1854, then made a trip to Europe and Australia,\\nand returned in 1860. In 1861 he came to Champaign county, Illinois,\\nwhere he was manager of twenty -five thousand acres of land for the\\nBroadland estate until 1871. He then came to Vermilion county. Mr.\\nEaton represented Franklin county, Ohio, and the city of Columbus\\nin 1853-54 in the legislature of that state. He was formerly a whig\\nuntil the organization of the republican party; he then joined its\\nranks, where he has acted without any cause of regret. Mr. Eaton has\\nthe confidence and respect of those with whom he comes into business\\nrelations. He has seen much of the world, and is wide awake to all\\nmatters of public concern.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1152.jp2"}, "1153": {"fulltext": "BUSINESS DIRECTORY.\\nDANVILLE.\\nAbdill Bros., dealers in hardware,\\nstoves, tinware, paints, etc., 57\\nVermilion st.\\nAbdill L. B., bookseller, stationer\\nand music dealer, 55 Vermilion\\nstreet.\\niEtna House, W. G. Sherman,\\nproprietor.\\nAmber Mills, D. Gregg, proprie-\\ntor.\\nArkansas and Texas Railway\\nLand Co., 2d floor 105 Main st.\\nBandy Win., money broker, 41\\nVermilion st.\\nBaldwin C. V., dentist, Opera\\nHouse, Vermilion st.\\nBahls Wm., dealer in boots and\\nshoes, 166 Main st.\\nBaum W. F., dealer in drugs,\\nfancy goods, etc., north side of\\nsquare.\\nBeard John, dealer in groceries,\\nprovisions and glassware, corner\\nSouth and College sts.\\nBeyer Peter, manufacturer and\\ndealer in boots, shoes and hides,\\n73 Main st.\\nBlack Blackburn, attorneys-\\nat-law, 99 Main st.\\nBlack Bros., dealers in dry goods\\nand groceries, 109 Main st.\\nBlankenburg Bro., proprie-\\ntors of the ^Etna House billiard\\nhall and saloon.\\nBlankenburg A., dlr. in watches,\\nclocks and jewelry, 60 Vermilion\\nstreet.\\nBowers Samuel, proprietor City\\nMills.\\nBowman Alex., surveyor and\\ncivil engineer, adjoining court-\\nhouse, Main st.\\nBrand Wm. F., dealer in mill-\\ninery and fancy notions, 54 Ver-\\nmilion st.\\nBrandenberger Matthias,\\nplain and ornamental painter.\\nBreedhoft Bros., dealers in gro-\\nceries and provisions, 153 E. Main\\nstreet.\\nBrown W. A., physician and sur-\\ngeon.\\nBurroughs Eph., blacksmith.\\nButton F. W., manufacturer of\\nsteam boilers, office and factory\\nnear Wabash depot.\\nCarnahan W. M., dealer in gro-\\nceries and provisions, cor. Mill\\nand Bridge sts.\\nClark H. H., physician and sur-\\ngeon; specialties: surgery and dis-\\neases of the eye, Gernand s block.\\nClark Joshua M., dealer in staple\\nand fancy dry goods, 66 Vermil-\\nion st.\\nClements W. A., dealer in gro-\\nceries and provisions, 54 Vermil-\\nion st.\\nGoffeen Pollock, successors to\\nH. A. Coffeen, booksellers and\\nstationers, 101 Main street.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1153.jp2"}, "1154": {"fulltext": "1036\\nBUSINESS DIKECTORY.\\nCox A. J., proprietor of the Globe\\nShoeing Shop.\\nDaines George W., real-estate\\nagent, Gernand s block.\\nDanforth E. R. Co., dealers\\nin groceries and provisions, 36\\nVermilion st.\\nDanville Foundry, Machine\\nand Boiler Works, William\\nStewart, proprietor, office and\\nworks at Danville Junction.\\nDanville Lumber and Manu-\\nfacturing Co., E. A. Leonard,\\npresident.\\nDanville Woolen Mills, corner\\nMill and Madison sts., Riggs\\nMenig, proprietors.\\nDickason English, dealers in\\ngrain and railroad timber.\\nDent Black, attorneys-at-law,\\nMajor Block, cor. Madison and\\nLa Salle sts., Chicago.\\nDoll E. J., manufacturer of pegged\\nand sewed boots, 121 E. Main st.\\nDonnelly F. J., dealers in gro-\\nceries and provisions.\\nDraper E. J., dealer in groceries\\nand provisions.\\nDudenhofer Geo., dealer in ci-\\ngars and tobacco, 76 Main st.\\nDwight C. R., dentist, Lincoln\\nOpera House block.\\nElliott Thomas J., dealer in dry-\\ngoods and notions, 70 Main st.\\nEllsworth Coal Co., A. C. Dan-\\niel, superintendent.\\nEvans D. D.,attorney-at-law,over\\nFirst National Bank.\\nFeldkamp Charles U., manu-\\nfacturing confectioner and dealer\\nin fruits and tobacco, Vermilion\\nstreet.\\nFenton C. B., dealer in hardware,\\nstoves and tinware.\\nField J. E., merchant tailor, Main\\nstreet.\\nFirst National Bank, J. G. Eng-\\nlish, president.\\nFithian Wm., physician and sur-\\ngeon, Lincoln Opera House build-\\ning.\\nFrantz J. S., druggist and apoth-\\necary, 135 East Main st.\\nGanor M., dealer in delphi, white\\nlime, cement, etc., cor. Main and\\nHazel sts.\\nGarland A. C, prop, of stone\\nsaw-mill and tile factory.\\nGiddings C. H., dealer in ice.\\nGiddings Patterson, dealers\\nin iron, steel, carriage and wagon\\nstock, corner Main and Franklin\\nstreets.\\nGillam I. N., physician and sur-\\ngeon.\\nGillett R. W., physician, ^Etna\\nHouse block.\\nGlindmeier C. H., cooperage\\nand cooper s stock, near Wabash\\nrailway depot.\\nGood Cowan, dealers in har-\\nness and saddles, 38 Vermilion st.\\nGuy Asa H. C. V., abstracts,\\ncourt-house.\\nHall J. A. Son, druggists and\\npharmacists, 68 Vermilion st.\\nHankey Hooton, dealers in\\nlumber, west end of Main st.\\nHacker C. F. Bro., dealers in\\ndry goods and groceries, 141 Main\\nstreet.\\nHawes Williams, china, glass\\nand Queensware, 78 Main st.\\nHenton C, D., physician.\\nHesse Chas., contractor and pro-\\nprietor of the Hesse House.\\nHill J. L., contractor and builder.\\nHolden John G., lumber mer-", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1154.jp2"}, "1155": {"fulltext": "BUSINESS DIRECTORY.\\n1037\\nchant, east side of Hazel, between\\nMain and North.\\nHollaway S. B., proprietor of the\\nOmnibus line, half square north\\nof ^Etna House.\\nHolloway J. R. C. B., dealers\\nin dry goods and notions, north-\\nwest corner of Main andWalnutst.\\nHolt on G. L., gardener and coal\\noperator, west side North Fork,\\none mile from court-house.\\nHull Hulce, dealers in agricul-\\ntural implements and seeds, 125\\nand 127 Main st.\\nIrwin F. G., druggist, cor. Main\\nand Hazel sts.\\nJames L., contractor and builder.\\nJohns Giddings, dealers in\\ngroceries and queensware, 115\\nMain st.\\nJones Geo. Wheeler, physician,\\n26 West North st.\\nJoslin A. J., photographer, 112\\nMain st.\\nKaufmann Bachrach, manu-\\nfacturers of men s and boys cloth-\\ning.\\nKahn H. Co., clothiers and\\ngent s furnishers, 51 Vermilion st.\\nKamper Geo., newsdealer and\\nstationer, rear First National Bk.\\nKimball N. A., undertaker, 59\\nMain st.\\nKimball H. M., dealer in gro-\\nceries and miners supplies, 61\\nVermilion st.\\nKimbrough A. H., physician and\\nsurgeon, cor. North and Vermil-\\nion sts.\\nKlingenspor Gustav, florist, east\\nend of Main st.\\nKlugel G. L., manufacturer of\\ngalvanized iron cornices, west end\\nof Main st.\\nKuykendall Bros. Craig,\\nprops. ./Etna House livery stable.\\nLawrence W. R., attorney-at-\\nlaw, Main st. east of court-house.\\nLeseure C. F. Co., dealers in\\nhardware and cutlery, Main st.\\nLemon Theo., physician and sur-\\ngeon.\\nLeseure O., homoeopathic physi-\\ncian, Short s block.\\nLeverenz Carl, dealer in boots\\nand shoes, 69 Vermilion st.\\nLewis J. A., contractor and bldr.\\nLindsey Kimbrough, attor-\\nneys-at-law, over First National\\nBank.\\nLong John, proprietor of Long s\\nGaiety Theatre, 147 Main st.\\nLowell John W., attorney-at-\\nlaw, opp. First National Bank.\\nMabin G. G., attorney-at-law,\\nG-idding s block.\\nMann Win. Co., dry-goods and\\ncarpets, 74 Main st.\\nMann, Calhoun Frazier,\\nattorneys-at-law, 53 Vermilion st.\\nMaier Gottlieb, leather, hides\\nand shoe findings, 145 Main st.\\nMartin E. B. Co., wholesale\\nand retail grocers, 91 Main st.\\nMartin A., abstracts of title and\\nreal estate, court-house.\\nMater R.H., contractor and bldr.\\nMcDonald R. D., attorney-at-\\nlaw, 82 Main st.\\nMcDonald M. A., hardware and\\ncutlery, Main st.\\nMengle John C, dealer in fresh\\nmeats, cor. North and Vermilion\\nstreets.\\nMiller Son, manufacturers of\\norgans, 204 and 206 East Main st.\\nMiller X., saloon and billiard\\nroom, 108 Main st.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1155.jp2"}, "1156": {"fulltext": "1038\\nBUSINESS DIRECTOKY.\\nMoore Alex., saloon and billiard\\nhall, Main st, opp. court-house.\\nMoore W. J., physician and sur-\\ngeon, Lincoln Opera building.\\nMonroe S. N., pioneer jeweler,\\n07 Main st.\\nMorgan William, justice of the\\npeace and insurance agent.\\nMoran Charles, groceries, pro-\\nvisions and canned goods.\\nMyers Hesse, staple and fancy\\ngroceries, 68 Main st.\\nMyers W. T. Co., proprietors\\nof livery, feed and sale stable, 29\\nWest Main st.\\nOberdorfer A., dealer in dry-\\ngoods, carpets and oil cloths,\\nSchmitt s block.\\nOutland James A., attorney-at-\\nlaw, First National building.\\nPalmer L. T. C. J., money\\nloan and note brokers, First Na-\\ntional Bank building.\\nPhillips J. A., photographer, 85\\nsouthwest corner square.\\nPollock A., physician and surgeon.\\nPorter Isaac, dry-goods and no-\\ntions, Short s block, Main st.\\nPorter R. L., physician and sur-\\ngeon.\\nPrice Bros., proprietors of livery\\nstable, southeast of Wabash depot.\\nRainier H., merchant tailor, pub-\\nlic square.\\nRudolph A., saloon and restau-\\nrant.\\nSchario John, dealer in guns,\\npistols, fishing tackle, etc.\\nShipner Jos. Son, dealers in\\ngroceries and provisions, 67 Ver-\\nmilion st.\\nSieferman A., manufacturer and\\ndlr. in cigars, in Tremont House,\\nMain st.\\nSirpless J. M., dealer in groceries\\nand provisions, corner Pine and\\nMadison.\\nSmith G-iddings, props, of the\\nLustro Mills, and dealers in grain.\\nStein John, proprietor of City\\nBrewery.\\nThompson Pollard, props, of\\nthe Great Western Machine Wks.,\\nand manufacturers of portable\\nand stationary steam engines.\\nTimm John, dealer in groceries,\\nCollege st., bet. South and Main.\\nTincher Joe., hats, caps and\\ngent s furnishing goods, Main st.\\nTincher G-. F., attorney-at-law,\\nFirst National Bank building.\\nTuttle J. E., physician and sur-\\ngeon, Metropolitan block, oppo-\\nsite Clerk s office.\\nVaughn D. C, dealer in and man-\\nufacturer of hardwood lumber.\\nVermilion Co. Bank, William P.\\nCannon, president.\\nVillars Bros. Co., proprietors\\nof the Chicago Store, and dealers\\nin dry-goods, boots, shoes, etc., 53\\nVermilion st.\\nWalsh Peter, attorney- at-law,\\n99 Main st.\\nWalz G-eorge, manufacturer and\\ndealer in furniture, coffins, etc.,\\nopposite the Arlington House.\\nWatson Bros., proprietors of the\\nWestern Meat Market, and sau-\\nsage manufacturers, 45 Vermilion\\nstreet.\\nWebster A. dealer in gro-\\nceries and provisions.\\nWhite J. H., wholesale dealer in\\nfish, oysters, confectioneries, etc.\\netc., 56 and 58 Vermilion st.\\nWhitehill Wm., carriage and\\nwagon manufacturer.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1156.jp2"}, "1157": {"fulltext": "BUSINESS DIKECTORY.\\n1039\\nWilberP., general real estate and\\ncollecting agent, justice of the\\npeace and notary public, 51 Ver-\\nmilion st.\\nWinslow, E. C. dealer in drugs,\\npaints, oils, etc., 107 Main st.\\nWinslow J. C, dentist, Vermilion\\nst., Opera House building.\\nWolf Louis B., grocer, baker and\\ndealer in provisions, southwest\\ncor. Pine and Madison sts.\\nWoodbury D. K., manufacturer\\nof and retail dealer in harness,\\nsaddles, etc. also, dealer in hides,\\npelts, tallow and furs, 49 Vermil-\\nion st.\\nWoodbury W. W. R., druggist\\nand bookseller, Lincoln Opera\\nHouse building.\\nWoods Wm., dealer in hats, caps\\nand gent s furnishing goods, New\\nStore, Vermilion st.\\nYeomans Shedd, dealers in\\nbuilders and general hardware,\\npumps, saws, etc., 63 Main st., cor.\\nWalnut.\\nYoung Penwell, attorneys-at-\\nlaw, over 106 Main st.\\nGEORGETOWN.\\nAlexander Wm. H., grocer.\\nCitizen s Bank, E. Henderson,\\npresident William Henderson,\\ncashier.\\nCloyd J. P., physician.\\nCook House, S. J. Cook, prop.\\nCowan W. B., grocer.\\nCowan Cloyd, druggists.\\nCowan W. C, druggist.\\nFrazier A. Son., dealers in\\ngeneral merchandise.\\nHawes A. M.-C, physician.\\nHolloway, dealer in general mer-\\nchandise.\\nJumps Bros., dealer in general\\nmerchandise.\\nLeseure A., grocer.\\nLockett J. H., miller.\\nMendenhall P.W., physician.\\nMendenhall W. O Neall, phy-\\nsician.\\nMorris Z., grain buyer.\\nRichie Thompson, dealers in\\ngeneral merchandise.\\nShepler J. D., miller.\\nYapp West, dealers in hard-\\nware, lumber, etc.\\nROSSVILLE.\\nAllen Chas. A., attorney-at-\\nlaw.\\nArmstrong Thos., manufacturer\\nof drain tile. Factory, one half\\nmile west of Rossville.\\nDavis Addison M., justice of\\nthe peace and collecting agent.\\nDavison John, justice of the\\npeace and collection agent.\\nDemaree Wm. S., dealer in agri-\\ncultural implements,garden seeds,\\netc. etc.\\nGilbert Elias M., proprietor of\\nlivery and feed stable.\\nHacker Wm. R., manufacturer\\nand dealer in harness, saddles,\\nbridles, etc. etc.\\nHenderson W. J., dlr. in stock,\\ngrain, dry-goods, clothing, boots\\nand shoes, groceries, etc.\\nLee Lamb, dlrs. in dry-goods,\\nclothing, hats and caps, groceries,\\netc.\\nLefever Cunningham, dlrs.\\nin general merchandise.\\nLivingood John R., physician,\\noffice on Chicago ave.\\nLivingood M. T., physician and\\nsurgeon.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1157.jp2"}, "1158": {"fulltext": "1040\\nBUSINESS DIEECTORY.\\nMcElroy John J., physician and\\nsurgeon.\\nMilligan John, grain -dealer.\\nPhillips W. W., dealer in lum-\\nber, lime and coal.\\nRoss Charley M., dealer in drugs,\\nmedicines, fancy goods and no-\\ntions.\\nSalmans G. W., attorn ey-at-law.\\nShannon Harry, insurance agent\\nand notary public.\\nSmith John R., dealer in general\\nmerchandise.\\nThomas Wm. M., manufacturer\\nof drain-tile.\\nThompson Louis M., dealer in\\nlive-stock.\\nWilliams R. A, S., teacher of vo-\\ncal and instrumental music, and\\npiano and organ tuner and agent.\\nWatson W. Co., bankers, in-\\nsurance agents and loaners of\\nmoney.\\nVining Wm., fruit-grower, j\\nHOOPESTON.\\nAnderson L. W., physician and\\nsurgeon.\\nBedell David Co., dealers in\\ngeneral merchandise.\\nClark W. R., dealer in general\\nhardware and agricultural imple-\\nments, Main st.\\nCunningham James A., stock-\\ndealer.\\nDallstream J., dealer in and man-\\nufacturer of boots and shoes, 51\\nMain st.\\nDyer H. H., attorney and coun-\\nselor-at-law.\\nFrankeberger Henry, dealer in\\ndrugs, medicines, paints, etc.\\nGlaze Wm., money-loaner and\\ndealer in flax-seed and other grain.\\nMcDowell A. E., attorney and\\ncounselor-at-law.\\nMcFerren J. S., banker, corre-\\nspondents, First National bank,\\nChicago, and Geo. Opdyke Co.,\\nNew York.\\nMoore McFerren, real estate\\nagents and loan agents, office in\\nbank building.\\nPowell J. S., prescription drug-\\ngist and dealer in wall-paper,\\nschool-books, etc., 70 Main\\nstreet.\\nStites B. F., cabinetmaker and\\nundertaker, N. Market st.\\nTaylor R. R., dealer in general\\nhardware.\\nTrego Jones, dealers in lum-\\nber and coal.\\nWallace Dale, publisher of the\\nHoopeston Chronicle and propri-\\netor of job office.\\nFAIRMOUNT.\\nBradway C. F., dealer in drugs,\\npaints and oils.\\nDougherty A. H., dealer in grain,\\nand projmetor of the Fairmount\\nmill.\\nHolladay E., dealer in drugs,\\npaints and oils.\\nJack Reuben, manufacturer of\\nboots and shoes and justice of the\\npeace.\\nMott B. F., physician and sur-\\ngeon.\\nRay Robert B., physician and\\nsurgeon.\\nRice W. J., buyer and shipper of\\nstock.\\nStalons Z., dealer in groceries and\\nprovisions.\\nSimpson Isaac, manufacturer and\\nrepairer of wagons.", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1158.jp2"}, "1159": {"fulltext": "BUSINESS DIRECTORY.\\n1041\\nTilton Charles, dealer in general\\nmerchandise.\\nWilcox I. N., dealer in dry-goods\\nand groceries and grain-buyer.\\nWilkins J. M., physician aud\\nsurgeon.\\nCATLIN.\\nJones Bros., dealers in groceries\\nand provisions.\\nPayne Crutchley, dealers in\\ndry -goods and groceries.\\nTilton G. W., dealer in dry-\\ngoods and groceries.\\nTilton Samuel R., dealer in\\ndrugs, groceries and millinery\\ngoods.\\nINDIANOLA.\\nAdams W. H., tile manufacturer.\\nRalston J. W., physician.\\nALVIN.\\nAkers Geo. W., physician and\\nsurgeon.\\nBartges S. I., dealer in drugs, ci-\\ngars, wines, etc.\\nBartges Mrs. S. I., dealer in mil-\\nlinery and fancy goods.\\nWilliams J. A., dealer in lum-\\nber, hardware, lime, etc. etc.\\nBISMARK.\\nGundy Bushnell, dealers in\\ngeneral merchandise, live-stock\\nand grain.\\nPeters Ezra, physician and sur-\\ngeon; specialty, consulting and\\noperating surgeon for diseases of\\nthe eye and car.\\nWESTVILLE.\\nDuke John, buyer and shipper of\\ngrain.\\nLockett J. W. Bro., general\\nstore.\\nSTATE LINE.\\nBonebrake Benjamin F., dealer\\nin general merchandise.\\nMarple B. F., dealer in drugs,\\ngroceries, school-books, wall-pa-\\nper, etc.\\nMISCELLANEOUS.\\nBurgoyne J. H., brickmuker, kiln\\ntW miles northwest of Danville.\\nCampbell Corydon H., breeder\\nof blooded horses, short-horn cat-\\ntle and fine breeds of hogs, six\\nmiles northeast of Danville.\\nNorris Nathan J., physician\\nand surgeon, one mile south and\\ntwo miles east of Bismark.", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1159.jp2"}, "1160": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1160.jp2"}, "1161": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1161.jp2"}, "1162": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1162.jp2"}, "1163": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1163.jp2"}, "1164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3414", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1164.jp2"}, "1165": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3440", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1165.jp2"}, "1166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3572", "width": "2281", "jp2-path": "historyofvermili01beck_1166.jp2"}}