{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3712", "width": "2473", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3361", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "-x\\nstfV f", "height": "3320", "width": "2044", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3361", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3320", "width": "2044", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3361", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3320", "width": "2044", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3361", "width": "2123", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE\\nHISTORY\\nWapello County,\\nT O ^W J^,\\nCONTAINING\\nIfislor^ ctf i\\\\$ \u00c2\u00a7mn\\\\ti, it$ \u00c2\u00a7tlm, Wtmm, t.,\\nA Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol\\nunteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics,\\nPortraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His-\\ntory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map\\nof Wapello County, Constitution of the\\nUnited States, Miscellaneous\\nMatters, e.\\niXjr.Tjsa?K,^^TEiD\\nCHICAGO\\nWESTEEN HISTORICAL COMPANY,\\n1878.", "height": "3320", "width": "2044", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "/cf ^f\\nOf\\nEntered, according to Act ot Congress, in the year 1878, by\\nTHE WESTERN HISTORICAL C O W! P A N Y,\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.\\n^^i\\n\\\\a", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nrriHE history of Wapello County is one which contains many features iden-\\ntical with the history of Iowa, the preservation of which is essential to\\nthe truthful record of the State s life. The publishers of this volume have\\nfully appreciated that fact, and have so arranged the order of compilation as to\\ngive each prominent characteristic due place.\\nThere is no effort herein to reach literary excellence, but rather a decided\\nattempt to capture vagrant items of interest, and weave them together upon\\nthe simplest thread of system. Many men will say that their own acts are not\\nsufficiently expatiated upon, or commensurate credit given certain friends of\\ntheirs but the publishers have not aimed merely to please individuals. The\\nwork engaged in by them was of a higher nature. They have concentrated\\nrecords for the benefit of posterity, rather than for the selfish gratification of\\nthe vanity of special patrons.\\nIn their labors, they have been aided by Mr. Samuel B. Evans, whose skill\\nand information have given character to the paper on the Mounds of the Des\\nMoines Valley, and whose files of the Ottumwa Democrat have been frequently\\nreferred to. They have been helped in many ways by the ready memory of\\nMessrs. R. H. and C. C. Warden, and by the files of the Ottumwa Courier,\\nthe pioneer journal of the West, which made its appearance under the manage-\\nment of Mr. R. H. Warden. These valuable papers were placed at the\\nwriter s disposal through the courtesy of Mr. A. H. Hamilton, the present pro-\\nprietor. Mr. W. D. HoRTON, of Agency City, had, fortunately, preserved those\\ncopies of the Independent containing the contributions of Major John Beach,\\nand, by that act of forethought, future generations will be permitted to read of\\nthe Agency and the life therein. Of Judge Hendershott s able address,\\nnothing further need be said than that we have appropriated it bodily, without\\neven asking the Judge if we might do so. The people will approve of the act.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nwhether the Judge Joes or not. The county oflBcers have given the publishers\\ngreat aid, and done it, too, in such a cordial manner as to leave with us the\\nmost hearty feelings of friendliness. So it has been throughout the county.\\nWe can name but a moiety of those who have been kindly disposed, and so we\\nsay to one and all, We thank you.\\nIf any one feels disposed to be hypercritical of the work, let that individual\\nfirst realize that we have tried to do our work honestly and well. We leave\\nthe permanent verdict confidently to the future.\\nTHE PUBLISHERS.\\nDecember, 1878.", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nmSTORT NORTHWEST AX\u00c2\u00bb STATE OF IOWA.\\nPage.\\nHistory Northwest Territory 19\\nGeographical Position 19\\nEarly Explorations 20\\nDiscovery of the Ohio 33\\nEnglish Explorations and Set-\\ntlements 35\\nAmerican Settlements 60\\nDivision of the Northwest Ter-\\nritory 66\\nTecumseh and the War of 1812 70\\nBlack Hawk and the Black\\nHawk War 74\\nOther Indian Troubles 79\\nPresent Condition of the Noi-th-\\nwest 86\\nChicago 95\\nHlinois 257\\nIndiana 259\\nIowa 260\\nMichigan 263\\nWisconsin 264\\nMinnesota 266\\nNebraska 267\\nHistory of Iowa\\nGeographical Situation 109\\nTopography 109\\nDrainage System 110\\nPa SB.\\nHistory ol Iowa\\nRivers Ill\\nLakes 118\\nSprings 119\\nPrairies 120\\nGeology 120\\nClimatology 137\\nDiscovery and Occupation 139\\nTerritory 147\\nIndians 147\\nPike s Expedition 151\\nIndian Wars 152\\nBlack Hawk War 157\\nIndian Purchase, Reserves and\\nTreaties 159\\nSpanish Grants 163\\nHalf-Breed Tract.. 164\\nEarly Settlements 166\\nTerritorial History 173\\nBoundary Question 177\\nState Organization 181\\nGrowth and Progress 185\\nAgricultural College and Farm.186\\nState University 187\\nState Historical Society 193\\nPenitentiaries 194\\nPase.\\nHistory of Iowa:\\nInsane Hospitals 195\\nCollege for the Blind 197\\nDeaf and Dumb Institution 199\\nSoldiers Orphans Homes 199\\nState Normal School 201\\nAsylum for Feeble Minded\\nChildren 201\\nReform School 202\\nFish Hatching Establishment..203\\nPublic Lands 204\\nPublic Schools 218\\nPolitical Record 223\\nWar Record 229\\nInfantry 233\\nCavalry 244\\nArtillery 247\\nMiscellaneous 248\\nPromotions from Iowa Reg-\\niments 249\\nNumber Casualties Officers.250\\nNumber Casualties Enlist-\\ned Men 252\\nNumber Volunteers 254\\nPopulation 255\\nAgricultural Statistics 328\\nHISTORY WAPEL.L.O COUNTY.\\nPage.\\nGeology 323\\nFormation of Limebeds 324\\nGreat Coal-Basin 325\\nCretaceous 327\\nGlacial Period 327\\nDrift Period 329\\nBowlders 331\\nOrigin of the Prairies 331\\nDescriptive Geography 332\\nKesorces 334\\nApproach of Civilization 334\\nUnknown Race 336\\nHistory of the Aborigines 342\\nBlack Hawk 343\\nWapello and other Chiefs .345\\nPashepaho 350\\nMaj. Beach s History of the\\nAgency 351\\nWapello s Death 369\\nFirst White Child born in County..369\\nFirst Death 370\\nFirst Marriage 370\\nFirst Grist-Mill .370\\nFirst Post Office 370\\nIowa as it was 370\\nFirst Settlers 373\\nJudge Hendershott s Address 377\\nHow Pioneers Lived 391\\nOrganization of the County 396\\nLegislative Enactments 398\\nFirst Probate Business 398\\nMarriage Record 401\\nDistrict Court 402\\nList of First Grand Jury 402\\nCircuit Court 403\\nOfficial Roster of the County 403\\nMaterial Growth and Prosperity ...407\\nAbstract Assessment, 1878 409\\nSocial Statistics 409\\nPopulation, 1875 410\\nDairy Business 410\\nSwine Culture 415\\nSheep Culture 415\\nPage.\\nFruit Culture 410\\nEclipse, 1869 417\\nEducational 419\\nEarly Newspaper Items 421\\nCoal Interests 427\\nDahlonega War 429\\nThe Miller-Thompson Contested\\nElection 429\\nDes Moines River Improvement\\nSchemes 435\\nOrigin of the Name Des Moines 445\\nCriminal Record 446\\nLaura Harvey Murder and Ex-\\necution of McComb 446\\nWillis Murder^Lynching of\\nKephart 452\\nShooting of Albert M. Logan\\nand Lynching of his Mur-\\nderer, John Smith 453\\nAgricultural Society 456\\nSpeculative and Prophetic 456\\nOttumwa 461\\nAppanoose Rapids Company ...462\\nFirst Mill 465\\nCounty Seat 465\\nFirst Court House 466\\nName 466\\nLocation of Post Office 467\\nOriginal Plat 467\\nIndian Camp Grounds 468\\nOttumwa in 1844 468\\nIndependence-Day Celebration .408\\nFirst Public Buildings 468\\nPrimitive Justice 469\\nOttumwa House 470\\nFirst Ferry 470\\nFirst Jail 471\\nSamantha Shaffer 471\\nA Glance in 1845 471\\nFirst Court House 471\\nFirst Mill Built 472\\nFirst Settlers in Ottumwa 472\\nLand Sales 472\\nPage.\\nOttumwa\\nMail Contracts 473\\nOttumwa in 1849 473\\nMarine 473\\nLyceum 474.\\nPlankroad Fever 474\\nStaging in 1850 474\\nOttumwa in 1853 475\\nFall of a Landmark 475\\nPostmasters 475\\nGovernmental Organization ...475\\nPolice Department 479\\nFire Department 480\\nLarge Fires 480\\nCounty Buildings 482\\nCity Hall 482\\nCity Finances 483\\nBridge Company 483\\nPress 483\\nSeci et Societies 485\\nPublic Schools 487\\nBusiness College 494\\nPublic Library 494\\nChurches 495\\nRailroads 506\\nWater-Power Company 507\\nWater Works 511\\nManufacturing 513\\nGas-Light Company 516\\nPost Offices in Wapello County .516\\nCounty Poor Farm 516\\nCommercial Interests 51\\nLoan Building Association ..516\\nMissing Book Found 517\\nEddyville 519\\nEldon 529\\nAgency City 533\\nChillicothe 537\\nKirkville 538\\nBlakesburg 538\\nDahlonega 5.39\\nVote, 1876-78 540\\nWar Record 541", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nILiLiUSTRATIOPTS.\\nPage, i\\nMouth of the Mississippi 21 1\\nSource of the Mississippi 21 i\\nWild Prairie 23\\nLa Salle Landing on the Shore of j\\nGreen Bay 25\\nBufifalo Hunt 27\\nTrapping 29\\nHunting 32\\nIroquois Chief 34\\nPontlac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43 I\\nIndians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 56 1\\nA Prairie Storm 59\\nPage.\\nA Pioneer Dwelling 61\\nBreaking Prairie 63\\nTecuraseh, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69\\nIndians Attaclcing a Stockade 72\\nBlack Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75\\nBig Eagle 80\\nCaptain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83\\nKinzie House 85\\nA Representative Pioneer 86\\nLincoln Monument 87\\nA Pioneer School House 88\\nPage.\\nPioneers First Winter 94\\nGreat Iron Bridge of C, R. I. P.\\nE. R., Crossing the Mississippi at\\nDavenport, Iowa 91\\nChicago in 1833 95\\nOld Fort Dearborn, 1830 98\\nPresent Site Lake Street Bridge,\\nChicago, 1833 98\\nRuins of Chicago 104\\nView of the City of Chicago 106\\nHunting Prairie Wolves 268\\nWAPEIiLiO COUXTT VOL.1TMTEERS.\\nInfantry: Page.\\nSecond 541\\nSeventh 542\\nFifteenth 544\\nSeventeenth 545\\nEighteenth 546\\nTwenty-second 546\\nInfantry Page.\\nThirty-sixth 547\\nThirty-seventh 550\\nForty-seventh 551\\nCavalry:\\nFirst 551\\nThird 552\\nCavalry Page\\nFourth 552\\nSeventh 553\\nEighth 554\\nNinth 555\\nMiscellaneous 556\\nBIOGRAPHICAL TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.\\nPage.\\nAgency 609\\nAdams 652\\nCass 643\\nCenter 603\\nColumbia\\nPage.\\nCompetine 660\\nDahlonega 631\\nGreen 662\\nHighland 640\\n.633 I Keokuk 655\\nPage.\\nOttumwa City ..457\\nPleasant 657\\nPolk 647\\nRichland 622\\nWashington 616\\nL.ITHOORAPHI\u00e2\u0082\u00ac PORTRAITS.\\nPage. I Page.\\nBlake, Charles F 457 Fisher, John C 491\\nBurton, E. L 355 1 Hendershott, H. B 321\\nt, William 423 Hedrick, J. M 227\\nHutchison, J. G 525\\nStiles, Edward H 279\\nWilson, Harvey.. 389\\nABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE liAWS.\\nPage.\\nAdoption of Children 303\\nBills of Exchange and Promissory\\nNotes 293\\nCommercial Terms 305\\nCapital Punishment 298\\nCharitable, Scientific and Religious\\nAssociations 316\\nDescent 293\\nDamages from Trespass 300\\nExemptions from Execution 298\\nEstrays 299\\nForms\\nArticles of Agreement 3( 7\\nBills of Sale 3u8\\nBond for Deed 315\\nBills of Purchase 306\\nPage.\\nForms\\nChattel Mortgage 314\\nConfession of Judgment 306\\nLease 312\\nMortgages 310\\nNotice to Quit 309\\nNotes 306,313\\nOrders .306\\nQuit Claim Deed 315\\nReceipts 306\\nWills and Codicils 3U9\\nWarranty Deed 314\\nFences 300\\nInterest 293\\nIntoxicating Liquors 317\\nJurisdiction of Courts 297\\nPage.\\nJurors 297\\nLimitation of Actions 297\\nLandlord and Tenant 304\\nMarried Women 298\\nMarks and Brands 300\\nMechanics Liens. 301\\nKoads and Bridges 302\\nSurveyors and Surveys 303\\nSuggestions to Persons Purchasing\\nBooks by Subscription 319\\nSupport of Poor 303\\nTaxes 295\\nWills and Estates 293\\nWeights and Measures 305\\nWolf Scalps 300\\nMIS\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\u00a3I I.ANEOr\u00c2\u00bb$.\\nPage.\\nMap of Wapello County Front.\\nConstitution of United States 269\\nVote for President, Governor and\\nCongressmen 283\\nPractical Rules for Every-Day Use..284\\nUnited States Government Land\\nMeasure 287\\nPage.\\nSurveyor s Measure 288\\nHow to Keep Accounts 288\\nInterest Table 289\\nMiscellaneous Ta .le 289\\nNames of the States of the Union\\nand their Signiiications 290\\nPopulation of the United States 291\\nPage.\\nPopulation of Fifty Principal Cities\\nof the United States 291\\nPopulation and Area of the United\\nStates 292\\nPopulation of the Principal Coun-\\ntries in the World 292", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "n\\nRWW", "height": "3663", "width": "2247", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "O\\nRXIllW\\nRXnWof 5 thPM\\nc o", "height": "3643", "width": "2272", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "The Northwest Territory.\\nGEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.\\nWhen the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States\\nby Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the\\nOhioand the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the\\nUnited States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States\\nof Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of\\nMinnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United\\nStates itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi\\nRiver but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary\\nof the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the\\nNorthern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National\\ndomain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the\\nNew Northwest, in contradistinction from the old Northwestern\\nTerritory.\\nIn comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast\\nmagnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles being greater\\nin extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States,\\nincluding Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected\\neleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula-\\ntion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of\\nthe entire population of the United States.\\nIts lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent\\nflow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far-\\nstretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the\\nhighest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent\\non the globe.\\nFor the last twenty years the increase of population in the North-\\nwest has been about as thi ee to one in any other portion of the United\\nStates.\\n(19)", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nEARLY EXPLORATIONS.\\nIn the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New\\nWorld. He, however, \u00e2\u0080\u00a2penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel\\nof latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than\\nhalf his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence\\nto Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no\\nsettlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that\\nhe awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and\\ndisheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery\\nfor better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize\\nupon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by\\nDeSoto s defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer\\ntook advantage of these discoveries.\\nIn 1616, four years before the pilgrims moored their bark on the\\nwild New England shore, Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene-\\ntrated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which\\nrun into Lake Huron and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the\\nfirst mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from\\nthe discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian\\nenvoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary,\\nbelow the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent\\nresult yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders\\nattempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes,\\nnor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by\\nMesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude\\nAllouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the\\nIndians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette\\nfounded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two\\nyears afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen-\\neral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the\\npresent City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a\\ngrand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were\\ntaken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken\\nof the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at\\nPoint St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.\\nDuring M. Talon s explorations and Marquette s residence at St.\\nIgnatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied\\nas all others did then that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God s\\nchildren resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come.\\nFilled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n21", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITO^tY.\\nrequest of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his\\nking, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico\\nor the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe-\\ndition, prepared for the undertaking.\\nOn the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist-\\nant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of\\ndiscovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were\\nastonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade\\nthem from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as\\nexceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of\\nfrightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But,\\nnothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he\\nwas willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region\\nthey were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which\\nthe salvation of souls was involved and having prayed together they\\nseparated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the\\nadventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and\\nLake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar-\\nquette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the\\ntown ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows,\\nwhich these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to\\nthank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in\\ngiving them an abundant chase. This was the farthest outpost to\\nwhich Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the\\nyear previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed\\nin the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake.\\nHe assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to\\nJoliet, said My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun-\\ntries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths\\nof the Gospel. Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct\\nthem to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on\\nthe 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to\\nwitness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet\\nventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage,\\nreturned. The explorers launched their canoes itpon the Wisconsin,\\nwhich they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown\\nwaters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck\\nout into the broadening current and became conscious that they were\\nnow upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about\\nto be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is\\nbeautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been\\nclad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n23\\nNature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand\\nreminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of\\nFrance. By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared\\non the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a\\ncountry of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab-\\nitants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas-\\ntidious cultivation of lordly proprietors.\\nTHE WILD PRAIRIE.\\nOn June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon\\nthe sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the\\nboat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a\\nvillage on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a\\nhalf league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most\\nhospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person.\\nAfter remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to\\nabout latitude 33\u00c2\u00b0, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being\\nsatisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nup the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois,\\nrowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point\\nto the lakes. Nowhere on this journey, says Marquette, did we see\\nsuch grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards,\\nswans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River.\\nThe party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and\\nreported their discovery one of the most important of the age, but of\\nwhich no record was preserved save Marquette s, Joliet losing his by\\nthe upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward .Marquette\\nreturned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them\\nuntil 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was j^assing the\\nmouth of a stream going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan he asked\\nto land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe,\\nhe retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time\\npassed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found\\nhim upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}^ passed away while at\\nprayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place\\nfifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving\\nthe beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been\\ncalled Marquette.\\nWhile Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in\\nthe West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre-\\nparing to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun\\nby him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin.\\nAfter La Salle s return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see\\nthe narrative- elsewhere), he established himself again among the French\\ntrading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of\\nthose ages a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an\\nexpedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific,\\nwhen Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind\\nof LaSalle received from his and his companions stories the idea that by fol-\\nlowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous\\nwestern tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to\\nFrontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan,\\ndim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that\\nLaSalle s idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf\\nof Mexico would bind tne country so wonderfully together, give un-\\nmeasured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis-\\ntration he earnestly hoped all would be realized.\\nLaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who\\nwarmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received\\nfrom all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev-", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n25\\nalier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at\\nonce rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on\\nthese fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined\\nby Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He\\npassed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and\\ninto Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were\\nsome time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded e fort, and passed\\non to Green Bay, the Baie des Puans of the French, where he found\\na large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with\\nthese, and placing her under the care of a, pilot and fourteen sailors.\\nLA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY.\\nstarted her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard\\nof. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear-\\ning nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men thirty working\\nmen and three monks and started again upon his great undertaking.\\nBy a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by\\nthe Indians, Theakeke, wolf^ because of the tribes of Indians called\\nby that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The\\nFrench pronounced it Kiakihi, which became corrupted to Kankakee.\\nFalling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the\\ncountry, about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi-\\nnois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY.\\nno inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs,\\ntook advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi-\\nciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes\\nunder the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village\\nof Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored,\\nthe voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening,\\non the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have\\nbeen the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-zvi, that\\nis, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met\\nwith in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent\\nsome time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that\\nplace, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were\\ntrying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men\\nwere disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel.\\nHe called this fort Orevecaeur (broken-heart), a name expressive of the\\nvery natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship,\\nGriffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the\\npart of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause\\nhim. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was\\nplaced in his food, but fortunately was discovered.\\nWhile building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to\\nlook green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to\\nreturn to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in\\nthe enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party\\nto explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour-\\nney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and\\nwas successfully made, though over an almost u )known route, and in a\\nbad season of the year. He safely reached Cana ia, and set out again for\\nthe object of his search.\\nHennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February,\\n1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he\\nfound the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to\\nCanada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after\\nleaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the\\nicy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River\\nby the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a\\nband of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen-\\nnepin s comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy-\\nage they found several beautiful lakes, and saw soma,charming prairies.\\nTheir captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux\\nnation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when\\nthey reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n27\\nin honor of his patron yaint. Here they took the land, and traveling\\nnearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages.\\nHere they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their\\ncaptors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen,,\\nBUFFALO HUNT.\\nheaded by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene-\\ntrated thus far by the route of Lake Superior and with these fellow-\\ncountrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the\\nborders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had\\nreturned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went\\nto France, where he published an account of his adventures.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nThe Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his\\nvain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring,\\nDe Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander-\\nings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers,\\nreduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered\\nabout the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them-\\nselves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan-\\ntines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it\\nwould lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of\\nMexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba.\\nThey were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi but,\\nbeing so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country,\\nand hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through.\\nTo La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the\\nfirst account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess\\nthis entire country for ^lis king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of\\nexplorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed\\nthe portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February,\\nreached the banks of the Mississippi.\\nOn the loth they commenced their downward course, which they\\npursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis-\\ncovered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters\\ninto the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event\\nWe landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three\\nleagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle\\nwent to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti\\nmeanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main\\noutlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a\\nlittle above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the\\nreach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about\\ntwenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to\\nthe column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription\\nLouis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne Le neuviiine Avril, 16S2.\\nThe whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Beum, and then, after\\na salute and cries of \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Vive le Roi, the column Avas erected by M. de\\nLa Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of\\nthe King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis-\\nsissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where\\nanother expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two\\nsucceeding voyages failed to find tlie outlet of the river by sailing along\\nthe shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n29\\ntreachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not\\naccomplished until 1699, when D Iberville, under the authority of the\\ncrown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth\\nof the Hidden River. This majestic stream was called by the natives\\nMalhouchia, and by the Spaniards, Za Palissade, from the great\\nM-^^/^y\\nt^\\nTRAPPING.\\nnumber of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets,\\nand satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its Avestern\\noutlet, and returned to France.\\nAn avenue of trade Avas now opened out which Avas fully improved.\\nIn 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo-\\nnists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by\\nFrance under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it Avas purchased by", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nthe United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory\\nof Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the\\ncharge of the United States. Although LaSalle s labors ended in defeac\\nand death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown\\nopen to France and the world an immense and most valuable country\\nhad established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one\\nsettlement there. Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu-\\nments of LaSalle s labors for, though he had founded neither of them\\n(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,)\\nit was by those whom he led into the West that these places were\\npeopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of\\nthe Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored.\\nTlie French early improved the opening made for them. Before the\\nyear 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois,\\nand founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary\\nstation, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil-\\nlages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of\\nthese missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest,\\ndated Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de rinimaculate Conception de\\nla Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712. Soon after the founding of\\nKaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while\\nPeoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been\\nabout the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river,\\n(pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer doud moving swiftly^ was estab-\\nlished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob-\\nable that on LaSalle s last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia\\nand Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain\\nwere laid by De la Motte- Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta-\\ntions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to\\noccupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being\\nmade to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle-\\nment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England\\nin 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the\\nfamous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law,\\nwho so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his\\nscheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away.\\nFrom the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the\\nFrench nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis-\\nsippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated\\nThere is considerable dispute about tliis date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. Wbeii\\nthe new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and\\ni V02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house.", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "THE NOKTHWEST TEKRITORY. 31\\ninjuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company\\ndid little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened\\nthe trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains\\nindigenous to that climate. Until the year 1T50, but little is known of\\nthe settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the\\nattention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the\\nNew World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary\\namong the Illinois, writing from Aux Illinois, six leagues from Fort\\nChartres, June 8, 1750, says: We have here whites, negroes and\\nIndians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages,\\nand three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues\\nsituated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid\\n(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred\\nwhites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The\\nthree Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all\\ntold. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and\\nhorses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can\\nbe consumed and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New\\nOrleans. This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and\\nsave in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were\\nfound, almost all the products of the country found their way to France\\nby the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem-\\nber 7, 1750, this same priest says For fifteen leagues above the\\nmouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low\\nto be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially\\noccupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I\\nthink, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber,\\nbricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear s grease and above all, pork\\nand flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty\\nvessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans,\\nplantations are again met with the most considerable is a colony of\\nGermans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five\\nleagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five\\nor six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther\\nup is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners\\nthrough fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise\\nexcellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas,\\nwhere we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river\\ntraders. From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred\\nleagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at\\nthe Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the\\nMississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "32\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nwork them as they deserve. Father Marest, writing from the post at\\nVincennesin 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also says Some\\nindividuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada.\\nTwo Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are\\nlike those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find\\nsilver under the lead and at any rate the lead is excellent. Thei e is also\\nin this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large\\npieces are found in the streams.\\n1^ iBc *^f^\\nji /CKCK^^\\nHUNTING.\\nAt the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the\\nlower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at\\nthe Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what\\nmay be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest\\nthey had stations at St. Joseph s on the St. Joseph s of Lake Micliigan,\\nat Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac,\\nFox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of\\nLaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of\\nthis vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another\\nnation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country,", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33\\nand hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for\\nsecuring the great profits arising therefrom.\\nThe French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the\\nDISCOVERY OF THE OHIO.\\nThis Beautiful river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La-\\nSalle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet\\nand Marquette.\\nWhile LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found\\nleisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois.\\nHe not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed\\nto travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident\\nsoon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition.\\nWhile conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the\\nOhio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a\\ndistance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state-\\nment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream.\\nLaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great\\nrivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to\\nembark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continelit to\\nthe commerce of China and Japan.\\nHe repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov-\\nernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant^\\nTalon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro-\\nvision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul-\\npice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition^\\nand LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money\u00c2\u00bb.\\nthe offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred\\ndollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the\\nnecessary supplies for the outfit.\\nOn the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons,\\nembarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence two additional canoes\\ncarried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the\\nbosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the\\nSeneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present\\nCity of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to\\nconduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed.\\nThe Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected\\nthat the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After\\nwaiting a month in. the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "34\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nfrom the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them\\nthat they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence.\\nOn their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they\\nheard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Q^H.^e\\nIKOyUOlS VUiKb\\\\\\namong the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned\\nfrom a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks.\\nDelighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume\\ntheir journey but just as they were about to start they heard of the\\narrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved\\nto be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an exploiter in the West. He", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35\\nhad been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines\\non Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec.\\nHe gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the\\nlake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in\\nthat quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the\\nexpedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the\\nJesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet\\nwith a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and\\nafter worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at\\nLake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers,\\nMarquette and Dablon, occupying the field.\\nThese zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted\\nno assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron\\nsaint and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June\\nwithout having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian.\\nAfter parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois\\nvillage at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a\\ntributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far\\nas the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the\\npersevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669.\\nThe account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony-\\nmous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle\\nhimself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count\\nFrontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he\\ndiscovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as\\nan indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio\\nValley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony\\nof Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French\\nhad built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec\\nreplied We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries\\nof LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to\\nmake prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley.\\nENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS.\\nWhen the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters\\nand the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts\\nalready described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri-\\nously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States\\nof Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet\\nunder the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nconclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as\\n1710, Governor Spotswoocl, of Virginia, had commenced movements to\\nsecure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In\\nPennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov-\\nince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces-\\nsity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, b}^ that\\npower save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain\\nto this unexplored wilderness.\\nEngland had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific,\\non the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a\\ndiscovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants\\nto the colonies extended from sea to sea. This was not all her claim.\\nShe had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat-\\nter was also a strong argument. As early as 1681, Lord H oward, Gov-\\nernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the\\ngreat Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei-\\ndas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were\\ntaken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations.\\nThey came under the protection of the mother country, and again in\\n1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed\\nwas drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has\\noften been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was\\nmade at Lancaster,. Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the Colony of\\nVirginia, for which the Indians received \u00c2\u00a3200 in gold and a like sum in\\ngoods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid.\\nThe Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel\\nWilliam Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was\\ncalled to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with\\npresents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa-\\nnied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings\\nregarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment,\\nand plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the\\ncultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In\\n1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant\\nof- land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government\\nof Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun-\\ndred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of\\nJune, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was\\nmade to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000\\nacres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French\\nwere not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the\\nWest, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37\\nsettling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain\\npossession of tlie whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud-\\nreuil. Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the\\nconsequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading\\nposts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further\\nsecure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel-\\neron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds\\nand at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which\\nwere inscribed the claims of France. These Avere heard of in 1752, and\\nwithin the memory of residents now living along the Oyo, as the\\nbeautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found\\nwith the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and\\na copy of the inscription with .particular account of the discovery of the\\nplate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society,\\namong whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not,,\\nhowever, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and\\nthough neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and\\nit was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the\\nfrontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio\\nCompany to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees,\\non the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He\\nafterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down\\nthe Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville,\\nand in- November he commenced a survey of the Company s lands. Dur-\\ning the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the\\nGreenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were bus}^ in preparing\\ntheir forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party\\nof soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng-\\nlish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and\\nChippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of\\nthe natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison.\\n(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were\\ncarried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This\\nfort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the\\nking s ministers refers to it as Fickawillanes, in the center of the terri-\\ntory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some\\nvariation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones\\nPickaweke.\\nThe following Is a translation of the inscription on the plate: In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV.,\\nKing of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com-\\nmander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have\\nburied this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise\\nBeautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its\\ntributaries; inasmucli as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms anci\\ntreaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY.\\nThis was the first blood shed between the French and English, and\\noccurred near the present City of Piqua?, Ohio, or at least at a point about\\nforty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter-\\nested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter-\\nmined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to\\noccupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing-\\nton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and\\nPatton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the\\nnatives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan-\\ncaster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June,\\nthese Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the\\nnorth bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts-\\nburgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban-\\ndoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize\\nthe treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour,\\nthe interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a\\nchief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their\\nfavor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing\\na deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a\\nsettlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should\\nnot be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first\\ntreaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley.\\nMeanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre\\neach other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally\\noutwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con-\\ntracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further\\nincreased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni-\\ntion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 The Indians on the Ohio\\nleft you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were\\ncoming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The\\nFrench came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The\\nGovernor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when\\nwe wanted help, forsook us.\\nAt the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by\\ntitle tlie lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon\\nand military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng-\\nlish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until\\nthe Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans\\nof the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them\\naway.; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts\\nalready begun, and would not abandon the field.\\nSoon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard-", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39\\ning the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of\\nVirginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from\\nthem, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young\\nman, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank\\nof Inajor, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This\\npersonage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then\\nheld considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just\\ntwenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied\\nby four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will s\\nCreek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon-\\ngahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to\\nLogstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of\\nthe Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and\\nalso heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol-\\nlowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to\\nturn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral.\\nWashington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to\\nVenango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the\\nFrench had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery\\nof the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing\\nof importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the\\n11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here\\nhe delivered Governor Dinwiddle s letter, received his answer, took his\\nobservations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one\\nbut Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him,\\nnotwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their\\nhomeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet\\nthey reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754.\\nFrom the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by\\nWashington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would\\nnot give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made\\nin all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French\\nfinished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications,\\nand gathered their forces to be in readiness.\\nThe Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great\\nactivities volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring\\ncolonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac\\nmen were enlisting under the Governor s proclamation which promised\\ntwo hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were\\ngathering as far as Will s Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent\\nhad come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nworking away in hunger and ^yant, to fortify that point at the fork of\\nthe Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest.\\nThe first birds of Spring filled the air with their song the swift\\nriver rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of\\nSpring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing a few Indian\\nscouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand and all was so quiet,\\nthat Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent\\nin command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten\\nmiles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder-\\nness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and\\nswift feet had borne the news of it up the river and upon the morning\\nof the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw\\nupon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink sixty batteaux and\\nthree hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep Avith cannon and\\nstores. That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur,\\nand the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men\\nand tools, marched up the Monongahela.\\nThe French and Indian war had begun. Tlie treaty of Aix la\\nChapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and\\nEnglish possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the\\nFrench were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi\\nand its tributaries while the English laid claims to the country by virtue\\nof the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from. New-\\nfoundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The\\nfirst decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the\\nEnglish, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted\\ndisastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed\\nthe fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured,\\nand when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing-\\nton was at Will s Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived.\\nHe at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him-\\nself at a place called the Meadows, where he erected a fort called\\nby him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of\\nFrench and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked\\nin his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the\\nmorning of Jalv 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia.\\nThe English Government immediately planned four campaigns one\\nagainst Fort DuQuesne one against Nova Scotia one against Fort\\nNiagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6,\\nand were not successful in driving the French from their possessions.\\nThe expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General\\nBraddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those", "height": "3528", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41\\nacquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This\\noccurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle\\nof Monongahela, or Braddock s Defeat. The war continued with\\nvarious vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 when, at the commence-\\nment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre-\\ntary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to\\ncarry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year one,\\nunder General Amherst, against Louisburg another, under Abercrombie,\\nagainst Fort Ticonderoga and a third, under General Forbes, against\\nFort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a\\ndesperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the\\nCanadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie\\ncaptured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne,\\nof which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was\\nfound in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession,\\nrebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the\\nname to Fort Pitt.\\nThe great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of\\nCanada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec Amherst was to\\nreduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to\\ncapture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant\\nPrideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga\\nand Crown Point without a blow and Wolfe, after making the memor-\\nable ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated\\nMontcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement\\nMontcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm s successor,\\nmarched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of\\ndefeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was\\nfought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It\\nresulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal.\\nThe Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was\\nsurrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it\\nwas not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England\\nwere signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and\\nunder its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of\\nthe Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same\\ntime Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain.\\nOn the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent\\nfrom Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post\\nin the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum-\\nmoned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post,\\nBeletre^ refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nFrench arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d\\nunder the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom,\\nno doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the\\npurposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was\\nassured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not\\ndesire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much\\nto insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while\\non their journey home.\\nRogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one\\nmonth on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence\\nacross the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com-\\nmon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of\\nthe Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is,\\ncrossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to Mohickon\\nJohn s Town on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White\\nWoman s River, and thence crossed to Beaver s Town, a Delaware town\\non what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver s Town were probably one\\nhundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of\\ncleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across\\nBig Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork.\\nThe Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule.\\nNew settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large\\ntrade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises\\nwith the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe-\\ntrated, and the country would have been spared their recital.\\nThe renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these\\natrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading\\nevents in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this\\nnoted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named\\nAlexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as\\nfar as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French,\\nbut a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his\\nhunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian\\nto insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached\\nhim and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He\\ndeclared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent\\nthem, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation.\\nHe was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was\\ncivil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies.\\nThe Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina,\\nwere united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified\\nFebruary 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nm\\nPONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nupon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead.\\nPontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander\\nof the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares\\nand Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unit\u00c2\u00a9\\nin this enterprise.\\nThe blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176-^,\\nNine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, scooped up in the hollow\\nof joined hands, the blood of many a Briton.\\nPontiac s immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit.\\nHere, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing\\nthe plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out,\\nhowever, according to Pontiac s plans until the moment of action, when\\nMajor Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian\\nchiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed\\nmusket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned j^ale and trembled. He\\nsaw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He\\nendeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions but the guilt\\nwas evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe\\nreprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post.\\nPontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace\\nbetween the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764,\\ncontinued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular\\ncommissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark,\\nwhich, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At\\nthe conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went\\nfurther south, living many years among the Illinois.\\nHe had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a\\ntime he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis\\nin a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a\\nquarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon\\nafterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern\\nIndians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed.\\nHad it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan\\nfor the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly\\nhave been carried out.\\nIt was in the Spring of the year following Rogers visit that Alex-\\nander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest\\nfeelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and\\nwere doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief,\\nPontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their\\nFrench father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said\\nEnglishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45\\nyet conquered us We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods,\\nthese mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance,\\nand we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like\\nthe white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you\\nought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided\\nfood for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains.\\nHe then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them,\\nno presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war.\\nSuch were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after\\nthe English took possession of their country. These feelings were no\\ndoubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the\\nFrench arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the\\nEnglish the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going\\non to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments.\\nIn 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre-\\nvent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters\\nof the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon-\\ntainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question.\\nTwenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States\\nand England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great\\nLakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these\\nsketches, Avas acknowledged to be a portion of the United States and\\ntwenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to\\nFrance, and by France sold to the United States.\\nIn the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by\\nLaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set-\\ntlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been\\nnoticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia,\\nKaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract\\nof rich alluvial soil m Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St.\\nLouis.\\nBy the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including\\nall these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England;\\nbut they do not appear to have btsn taken possession of until 1765, when\\nCaptain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him-\\nself at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage,\\ndated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath-\\nolics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their\\neffects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen.\\nIt was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the\\nwar with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that\\nchieftain- By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year\\n1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed-\\neracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon-\\ntiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom\\nhe afterward lost his life.\\nAs soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began\\nrapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the\\nyear 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces\\nexplored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga-\\nhela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This\\nwas followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing-\\nton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford\\nand others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts-\\nburgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ascended that stream about fourteen\\nmiles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which\\nwere then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort.\\nPittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus-\\ntered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This\\nsame year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages.\\nHe found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only\\nforty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and\\nat Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year\\nor two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally\\nFort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main-\\ntained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts\\nwas quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and\\nflour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the\\npolicy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension\\nof the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal\\nproclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the\\nsources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance\\nof the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement\\nwithout the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy\\nreach of Great Britain.\\nThe commander-in-chief of the king s forces wrote in 1769 In the\\ncourse of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they\\nextend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for\\nthemselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother\\ncountry ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow.\\nIn accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation\\nin 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set-\\nUements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47\\nstrenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to\\nremain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its\\nchange, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French\\npopulation. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned\\nthe king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which\\nwas granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend-\\ning the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present\\nStates of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.\\nIn consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern-\\nment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor\\nthat nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies but the\\nearly alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side\\nof the war for independence.\\nIn 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration\\nto the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the\\npretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth.\\nOne of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the\\nOhio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it\\nFort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for\\nsettlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed\\nportions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the\\nfamous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and\\ndriven across the Ohio.\\nDuring the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies\\nand the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab-\\nlished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land\\nspeculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held\\nin Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling\\nthemselves the Illinois Land Company, obtained from ten chiefs of the\\nKaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on\\nthe east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer-\\nchant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes\\nas the agent of the association called the Wabash Land Company. On\\nthe 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for\\n37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested\\nby a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in\\nthe office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com-\\npanies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West but all\\nwere frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20tli of\\nApril, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the\\nUnited Illinois and Wabash Land Company. They afterward made", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "48 THE NORTHWEST TEERITORY.\\nstrenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all\\nsignally failed.\\nWhen the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor-\\nganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders.\\nIn Hutchins Topography of Virginia, it is stated thac at that time\\nKaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in-\\nhabitants the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con-\\ntains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were\\neast of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 when these observa-\\ntions were made 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230\\nnegroes.\\nFrom 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and\\nnothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a leport\\nmade by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following\\nextract is made\\nNear the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which\\nappears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of\\nthe late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la\\nPrairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There\\nare also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five\\nmiles further up the river.\\nSt. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con-\\ntained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one\\nhundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country\\nwest of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until\\nceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the\\ncountry including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there\\nwere, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to\\n1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more\\nthan twenty miles, although poorly cultivated the people being engaged\\nin the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here\\nrelate.\\nIt is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by\\nAntoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an\\noblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width.\\nAs described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent\\nresident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space\\nbetween Mr. Palmer s store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins house\\n(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn,\\nand was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by\\noak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had\\nfour gates east, west, .north and south. Over the first three of these", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49\\ngates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six-\\npounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a\\nparallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running,\\neast and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen\\nfeet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten\\nto fifteen feet in width.\\nAt the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the\\nenclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present\\nnorthwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was\\ninclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two\\nstories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient\\nto contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The\\ncitadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of\\nDetroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story,\\nwith a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some\\nhewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance,\\ncalled the King s Palace, two stories high, which stood near the east\\ngate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned\\nby the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and\\nthe other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of\\ntwenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning\\nbetween nine and ten o clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who weie\\nrelieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who pjr-\\nformed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset\\neven wicket gates were shut at nine o clock, and all the keys were\\ndelivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened\\nin the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter\\ntown with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand-\\ning order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of\\nevery kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were\\nrestored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were\\nallowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only\\nat the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the\\nIndians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house\\nnear the water side for the x^urpose of holding council with the Indians.\\nThe population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two\\nhundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by\\nfire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present new\\ntown was laid out.\\nOn the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of\\nimportance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of\\nVirginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "50 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nand recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in\\nthis part of tlie New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those\\nwithin the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their\\ncivil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway,\\nburgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state.\\nEarly in September of that year (1777) the first court was held\\nin Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived\\nin August, was made the commander of a militia organization which\\nhad been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty\\nwas growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented\\nher the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move\\nunequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the\\nBritish throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht\\nsaw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes,\\nKaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy\\naccess to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British\\nintended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi-\\nlate the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel,\\nafterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not\\nunanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could\\nthe British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives\\nmight be easily awed into neutrality and by spies sent for the purpose,\\nhe satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements\\nmight easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the\\nproject, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on\\nNovember 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th,\\nBurgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly\\nencouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at\\nonce entered heartily into Clark s plans. The same plan had before been\\nagitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark\\ncame who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the\\nscene of action to be- able to guide them.\\nClark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his\\nplan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions one secret,\\nthe other open the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven\\ncompanies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three\\nmonths from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him\\nto arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand\\nat Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country.\\nWith these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather\\nto raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed\\nin the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi-", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61\\nston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required\\nnumber of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their\\nown firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to\\njoin the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private\\nvolunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he\\nnavigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified\\nCorn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville,\\nKentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may\\nyet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him\\nwith such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and\\nas many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to\\nthe men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements,\\nand chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the\\n24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured\\nno good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with\\nhis chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as\\nfar as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia.\\nHere he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to\\nCahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he\\nintended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the\\nSpanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor-\\nmation one that the alliance had been formed between France and the\\nUnited States and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois\\ncountry and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to\\nbelieve by the British that the Long Knives or Virginians, were the\\nmost fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With\\nthis impression on their minds, Clark saw that proj^er management would\\ncause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati-\\ntude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency.\\nThe march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun,\\nand the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort\\nnear the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without\\nthe loss of a single man or b}^ killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently\\nAvorking upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per-\\nfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the\\ngreat conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity\\nfrom British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab-\\nitants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked\\nfor turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and\\nwhen Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom-\\npanied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place\\nsurrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nthe two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English\\ninto the possession of Virginia.\\nIn the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a\\npowerful ally and generous friend, Clark saw that, to retain possession\\nof the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun-\\ndaries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken.\\nSt. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken\\nbefore the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that\\nhe would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection\\nwith England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July,\\nin company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of\\npeace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence\\nthat the post on the Oubache had taken the oath of allegiance to\\nthe Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts,\\nplaced garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his\\nmen, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville,\\nerected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who\\nhad been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond.\\nIn October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature\\nof Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor,\\nand in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of\\nthe Old Dominion through their Legislature.\\nIn a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the\\nnatives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle-\\ngiance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton,\\nhaving made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down\\nthe Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing\\nthe Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the\\nrebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault,\\ndispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend-\\nant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort.\\nHamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly\\nsurprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at\\nthe entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail-\\nants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the\\nfort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to\\nthe British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the\\nforce in the garrison.\\nHamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was\\ncontending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four\\nhundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio,", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53\\nand to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the\\nWinter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he\\nsaw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless\\nhe captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the\\nnews on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi-\\nciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi\\na battoe, as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and\\nWabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray.\\nOn the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and\\ntwenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching\\nthrough much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring\\nrains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his battoe, at\\nonce commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back-\\nwoodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the\\nintrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind-\\nness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was\\nsent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement.\\nDuring his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes\\nto the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him,\\nand had earned in consequence thereof the title Hair-buyer General,\\nby which he was ever afterward known.\\nDetroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising\\nVirginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being\\napprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con-\\ncluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts.\\nHad Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in\\nuniting the western Indians for the next Spring s campaign, the West\\nwould indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny\\nMountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from\\nthe commencement, by the British.\\nBut for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the\\nunion of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might\\nhave been effected, and the whole current of our history changed.\\nAt this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern-\\nments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the\\nBritish, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in-\\nChief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde-\\npendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the\\nOhio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general s orders,\\nmarched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These\\nexpeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled\\nto sue for peace.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nDuring this same year (1779) the famous Land Laws of Virginia\\nwere passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the\\npioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian\\nconflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed\\nto all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the\\nsettlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at\\nforty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature\\nsent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many\\nof which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These\\ngentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and\\ncontinued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided\\nthree thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who\\ncame in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the\\n10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the\\nnext year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis-\\nsippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in\\nrelation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States\\nto be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right\\nto navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below\\nthe mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle-\\nments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur-\\ning this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the\\nWest in this young and enterprising Commonwealth.\\nThe settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a\\nfriendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had\\nbeen friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence,\\nand though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the\\nrefusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the\\nsatisfaction of both nations.\\nThe Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones\\never experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the\\nGreat Cold. Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few\\npioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians\\nand Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it\\nin consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting\\ncolonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the\\ninhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were\\ncompelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the\\nsettlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable\\nmanner, they fled the country in great haste.\\nAbout this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con-\\ncerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55\\nand Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New\\nYork, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele-\\ngates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for\\nthe benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress\\nduring the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep-\\ntember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States\\nclaiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body.\\nThis basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative\\nmeasures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana,\\nIllinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same\\nyear, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might\\nhave easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished\\nhim. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew\\nthat the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture\\nand retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the\\nterritory.\\nBefore the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun-\\nties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town\\nof Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of\\nAmerican history as the 3 ear in which occurred Arnold s treason to the\\nUnited States.\\nVirginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d\\nday of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United\\nStates upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and\\nthe Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was\\nanything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies\\nwere busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in\\nconsequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements.\\nUpon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of\\nAmerican parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter\\nof the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian\\nIndians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the\\nfrontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of\\ntheir neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity,\\na deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives.\\nFor this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians\\ncommitted many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and\\n1772 in the history of the Northwest.\\nDuring the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and\\nfrontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan-\\ndots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives,\\nmany of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "56\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERKITOBY.\\nfrontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers,\\nwas a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio\\nvalleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky,\\nin which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill\\nand knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc-\\nINDIANS ATTACKING FKONTIEKSMEN,\\ntion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American\\nbanner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had\\nbeen arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon-\\nquerable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October\\npreceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of\\nApril following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57\\nproclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 2d of the next\\nSeptember, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle\\nwas concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West\\nwere as follows On the north the line was to extend along the center of\\nthe Great Lakes from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake\\nthence to the Lake of the Woods thence to the head of the Mississippi\\nRiver; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line\\neast to the head of the Appalachicola River; down its center to its junc-\\ntion with the Flint thence straight to the head of St. Mary s River, and\\nthence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean.\\nFollowing the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts\\nwere still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these\\nwas Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements\\nwith the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose\\nlands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by\\nthe proper treaty.\\nTo re^iedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to\\ntreat with the natives and purchase their lands, and jDrohibited the set-\\ntlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the\\nyear another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however,\\nnot pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest\\nshe had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of\\nDecember preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded\\nto the United. States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and\\nthe Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion.\\nTo Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred\\nand fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the\\nOhio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region\\nopposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of\\nClarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer-\\nson ville, Indiana.\\nWhile the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit\\nrefused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do\\nso, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring\\nof 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur\\nLee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian\\ncouncil at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in\\nappearance. He says\\nPittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who\\nlive in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or\\neven Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being\\nbought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\ndelphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and\\nmoney. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a\\npriest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel.\\nKentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and\\nwas beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A\\nland office was ojDened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take\\ndefensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances,\\nincited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year,\\n1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no\\nentries were recorded until 1787.\\nThe Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They\\nheld large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress\\nadopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the\\nsurveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the\\nOhio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made\\nwith the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made\\nin 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land\\nwas gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply\\nwith the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel\\ntheir adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786,\\nthe free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused\\nvarious discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to\\nexcite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised\\nbounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the\\nunsettled condition of aff airs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga-\\ntion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared\\nits inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded\\nbetween the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how-\\never, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some\\ngrants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con-\\nnecticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as\\nthe Connecticut Reserve, and before the close of the following year a\\nlarge tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once\\ntook measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company\\nwere to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction\\nof one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received\\n750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the\\nseventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on\\nthe north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without\\nthe reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000\\nacres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the\\nresolutions of 1789 and 1790.", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n69\\nWhile Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing-\\nits claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance\\nfor the political and social organization of this Territory. When the\\ncession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected.\\nA motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition\\nof slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered,\\nand finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina.\\nBy this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states\\n-c^At!^!.:^-\\nA PRAIRIE STORM.\\nby parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten\\nstates, which were to have been named as follows beginning at the\\nnorthwest corner and going southwardly Sylvania, Michigania, Cher-\\nsonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly-\\npotamia and Pelisipia.\\nThere was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of\\nnames, the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu-\\ntion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries-\\nof the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "60 THE NORTHWEST TEREITOEY.\\nsquare. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir-\\nginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the\\nsubject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into\\nnot more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by\\nthe State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was\\nagain taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that 5 ear\\nand until July, 1787, when the famous Compact of 1787 was passed,\\nand the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com-\\npact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book,\\nand to it the reader is referred.\\nThe passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company\\nwas soon followed b} an application to the Government by John Cleves\\nSymmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis.\\nThis gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and,\\nbeing greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the\\nNew England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury\\nBoard with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following\\nyear. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company\\nwere preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the\\n23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men,\\nunder tlie superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six\\nboat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur-\\nveyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart-\\nford and proceed on their journey westward the remainder to follow as\\nsoon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October,\\nhad ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and\\nto prevent unauthorized intrusions and two days later appointed Arthur\\nSt. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest.\\nAMERICAN SETTLEMENTS.\\nThe civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com-\\nplete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from\\nthe East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England\\nCompany sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over\\nthe AUeghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into\\nBraddock s road, and which has since been made a national turnpike\\nfrom Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled\\non, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had\\nbeen built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived\\non the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded\\nas the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor.", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n61\\nGen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having\\nyet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by-\\nbeing nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed\\nto administer them.\\nWashington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the\\nNorthwest, said No colony in America was ever settled under\\nsuch favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum.\\nInformation, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know\\nmany of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu-\\nlated to promote the welfare of such a community.\\nA PIONEKR DAVELI.ING.\\nOn the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held\\non the banks of the Muskingum, for the purpose of naming the new-\\nborn city and its squares. As yet the settlement was known as the\\nMuskingum, but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor\\nof Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood\\nwas called Campus Martitis square number 19, Capitolium square\\nnumber 61, \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Cecilia T and the great road through the covert way, Sacra\\nVia. Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum,\\nwho with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the\\njudicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9,\\nGov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act\\nof 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "62 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nunder the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a\\ngovernor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon\\nthe Governor s arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 2oth\\nof July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the\\nnext day appeared the Governor s proclamation, erecting all that country\\nthat had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the\\nCounty of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the\\ndoubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the\\n2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing\\nceremonies.\\nThe emigration westward at this time was very great. Tlie com-\\nmander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four\\nthousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb-\\nruary and June, 1788 many of whom would have purchased of the\\nAssociates, as the New England Company was called, had the} been\\nready to receive them.\\nOn the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating\\nthe terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In\\nJanuary, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest\\nin Symmes purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon\\nwhich Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he\\nsold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the\\nthree, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which\\nwas designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which\\nthey proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the\\ntown is thus narrated in the Western Annals Mr. Filson, who had\\nbeen a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to\\nits situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that\\nwere to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being\\ninterpreted, means ville, the town anti, against or opposite to os, the\\nmouth L. of Licking.\\nMeanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse\\nteams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (^now Mays-\\nville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here\\nMr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789\\ncaused the Point, as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under\\nwater, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers\\nremoved to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left\\nthe Point, two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first\\nwas by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a\\ncolony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami^\\nwhither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n63\\nbeen made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr.\\nStiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788,\\nwith twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain\\nthrough the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they\\nwere kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood\\nof 1789.\\nOn the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States\\nwent into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug-\\nurated President of the American people, and during the next Summer,\\nan Indian war was commenced by the tribes nortli of the Ohio. The\\nPresident at first used pacific means but these failing, he sent General\\nHarmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but\\nBREAKING PEAIEIE.\\nwas defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne,\\nIndiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were\\nthe wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair\\nwas appointed in command, and marched against the Indians; but while\\nhe was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee,\\nhe was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men.\\nGeneral Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794,\\nhe met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete\\nvictory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the\\nIndians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the\\ntreaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large\\ntract of country was ceded to the United States.\\nBefore proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort\\nWashington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati.\\nNearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nwhole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures,\\nknown as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon-\\nchartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago,\\nCincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west\\nof the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, wiis a\\nrude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of\\nstrongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers barracks\\nwere a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters\\nwere more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished.\\nThe whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an\\nacre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles.\\nThe logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground\\nupon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets\\nof the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now\\nBroadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of\\nof the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river,\\nimmediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the\\nArtificer s Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by\\nsmall contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of\\nlaborers. Within this enclosure there was a. large two-story frame house,\\nfamiliarly called the Yellow House, built for the accommodation of\\nthe Quartermaster General. For many j-ears this was the best finished\\nand most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was\\nfor some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments\\nof the Northwestern Territory.\\nFollowing the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec-\\nulations Avere entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain\\nfrom the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands.\\nThese were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous\\nschemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war.\\nOn October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain\\nwas signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured.\\nNo sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began\\nto pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the\\noccupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was\\nthis year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British\\nforces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel\\njustified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit\\nand other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were\\ncalled to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who\\nhad done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before\\nthe year s close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head-", "height": "3497", "width": "2206", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65\\nquarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after\\nhim was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan,\\nand the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were\\nformed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle-\\ntown to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators\\nbegan to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland\\nwas laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and\\nJonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper the Red-\\nstone Paper Mill in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy\\nhouses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous\\nto it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians,\\nIndians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that\\npart of the Northwest.\\nThe election of representatives for the territory had taken place,\\nand on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville now\\nknown as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and\\nconsidered the capital of the Territory to nominate persons from Avhom\\nthe members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with\\na previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly\\nadjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named\\nthe President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg,\\nof Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob\\nBurnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th\\nof September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24tli the two\\nhouses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President\\nof the Council.\\nThe message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature\\nSeptember 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to\\nCongress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes\\ncast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of\\nGen. St. Clair.\\nThe whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by\\nthe Governor, were thirty-seven eleven others were passed, but received\\nills veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to\\nthe administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro-\\ntracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the\\n30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the\\noffice of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to\\nCongress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "66 THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nDIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nThe increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain,\\nand the inconvenient moties of travel, made it very difficult to conduct\\nthe ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action\\nof courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to\\ndivide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a\\ncommittee to examine the question and report some means for its solution.\\nThis committee, on the 3d of March, reported thai\\nIn the three western countries there has been but one court having\\ncognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders\\nexperience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim-\\ninals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements\\nia such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist-\\nance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. To\\nminister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee\\nthat it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and\\nseparate governments should be made and that such division be made\\nby a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running\\ndirectly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States\\nand Canada.\\nThe report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its\\nsuggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri-\\ntory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these\\nThat from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of\\nthe United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward\\nof a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the\\nKentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north\\nuntil it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and\\nCanada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a\\nseparate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory.\\nAfter providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of\\nthe territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides\\nThat until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the\\nsaid Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the\\nseat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the\\nOhio River and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the\\nseat of government for the Indiana Territor}-.\\nGen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana\\nTerritory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut\\nalso about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67\\nWas passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon\\nthirty -five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven\\nhundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November\\nthe General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year,\\nthe first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no\\ntownship containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of\\nOctober that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the\\nKing of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province\\nof Louisiana.\\nIn January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char-\\ntered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western\\ncolonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787,\\nnewspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read\\nthroughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the\\nCongress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern\\nterritory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of\\nthe compact of 1787 provided that whenever the number of inhabit-\\nants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to\\na separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a\\ncensus taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number,\\nand on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits,\\nand on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio,\\nso named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came\\ninto existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known,\\nbut the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly\\nwithin the territory of Indiana.\\nGen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties\\nwith the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is\\nmemorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from\\nFrance by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode,\\nthe domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of\\ncountry west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction\\nof the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early\\npart of this narrative, was called the New Northwest. The limits\\nof this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year\\nlarge grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of\\nRepresentatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the\\nCollege Township in the district of Cincinnati.\\nBefore the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional\\ngrants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present\\nlimits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at\\nSt. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "68 THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY.\\naborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in\\nand about Detroit.\\nC. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri-\\ntory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post\\nThe Town of Detroit. The charter, which is for fifteen miles\\nsquare, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now,\\nfrom the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those\\ntwo hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town\\nand Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four\\nacres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm.\\nMacomb. a. stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The\\npickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The\\nstreets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right\\nangles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant.\\nDuring this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup-\\nport of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these\\nwilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to\\nfill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also,\\na law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two\\nportions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of\\ngovernment, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the\\ndomain of Gen. Harrison.\\nOn the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed,\\nWm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the\\nchange to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire\\noccurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place.\\nWhen the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in\\nruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild-\\ning, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more\\nhouses than before the fire, and many of them much better built.\\nWhile this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade\\nof government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large\\ntracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian,\\nTecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause\\nof his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the\\nsettlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the\\nBritish, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at\\nthe battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest,\\nwe will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life,\\nand his connection with this conflict.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n6y\\nTECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "10 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nTECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812.\\nThis famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from\\nthe site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa,\\nwas a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his\\nmother, Metliontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same\\npeople. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century\\nto the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be\\nchief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum-\\nseh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was\\ndeclared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the\\npresent City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he\\nreturned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In\\n1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced\\nhimself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given\\nthem by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chiei\\ncomes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age,\\nwas five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of\\nenormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas-\\ning, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed\\nby most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi-\\ndential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who\\nafterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first\\nhouse built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered\\nupon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of\\nland made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the\\nIndian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land\\ncould be made save by the consent of this confederation.\\nHe traveled constantly, going from north to south from the south\\nto the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a\\nmatchless orator, and his burning words had their effect.\\nGen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move-\\nments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was\\nforming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh s\\nplan was similar to Pontiac s, elsewhere described, and to the cunning\\nartifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity.\\nDuring the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre-\\nparing for the work. In that year. Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty\\nwith the Dela wares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians\\nand Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon\\nthe Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71\\nas one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any\\nlands north and west of the Ohio River.\\nTecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and\\nheld a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly\\nangry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after\\ndeparted to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict.\\nGen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief s headquarters at\\nTippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the\\nWabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the\\nprophet s town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten-\\ntions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped\\nnear the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he\\nwas attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of\\nTippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken\\nup. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his\\nbrother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating\\nthe war, and foiling his (Tecumseh s) plans.\\nTecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned\\nfrom the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time\\npreviously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go\\nas a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never\\nmade.\\nIn June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at\\nFort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against\\nthe United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his\\npeople. The agent replied to this Tecumseh listened with a cold indif-\\nference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew\\nhis blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai-\\nden, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard.\\nHe remained under this Government, doing effective work for the\\nCrown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was,\\nhowever, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow-\\ning his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan-\\ntonly murder the captive.\\nIn the Summer of 1813, Perry s victory on Lake Erie occurred, and\\nshortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the\\n27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for\\nthe shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai-\\nden, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand-\\nwich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of\\nthe Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen.\\nMcArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "T2\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nOn the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor,\\nwhom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed.\\nEarl} in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column\\nof Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief-\\ntain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in\\nthe Northwest.\\nINDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE.\\nJust who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute\\nbut the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson,\\nwho fired at him Avith a pistol, the shot proving fatal.\\nIn 1805 occurred Burr s Insurrection. He took possession of a\\nbeautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged\\nby many with attempting to set up an independent government. His\\nplans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated\\nand he was compelled to flee the country for safety.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73\\nIn January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a\\ntreaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the\\nUnited States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was- built about\\nDetroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored\\nto obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby\\nslavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts,\\nhowever, all signally failed.\\nIn 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory.\\nThis was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western\\npart, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year,\\nthe intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and\\nthen began the events already narrated.\\nWhile this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with\\nsurprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the\\nfirst steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of\\nthe natives, many of whom fled in terror at .the appearance of the\\nmonster. It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the\\nclose of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being\\nnearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its\\ndownward trip.\\nThe battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It\\neffectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not\\nfully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green-\\nville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States\\nand the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should\\ncease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such,\\nhappily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty\\nof Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United\\nStates. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various\\nIndian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again\\nrestored in this part of the new world.\\nOn the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city.\\nIt then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its\\nmanufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed\\nto form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties\\norganized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first\\nelection of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings\\nwas chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and\\non December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For\\nsome time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central\\nlocation being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana),\\nvras laid out January 1, 1825.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nOn the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was\\nchartered, with a capital of 1300,000. At this period all banks were\\nunder the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches\\nat different convenient points.\\nUntil this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the\\nprivileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the\\nnorthern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a\\nmore central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col-\\numbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State.\\nBanking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was\\nchartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state\\nthe hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable\\nto redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend.\\nIn 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her\\nnorthern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich-\\nigan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes\\nwas increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of\\nrevenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that\\nthe trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to\\nnavigate the bosom of that inland sea.\\nUntil the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War,\\nbut few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were\\nopened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab-\\nlished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan\\nUniversity, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were\\nbecoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended,\\nand had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the\\nrecord of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros-\\nperity.\\nBLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR.\\nThis conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in\\nthe Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part\\nof the United States.\\nMa-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal\\nSac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the\\nMississippi, in the year 1767. His father s name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes\\nhis grandfather s, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early\\ndistinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted\\nto paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he\\nWent on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n76\\nBLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nof whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was\\npermitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the\\nhead of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the\\nOsages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to\\nhis own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce\\nbattle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The\\nSacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees\\nfor a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City\\nof St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of\\nthe Medicine Bag, at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation.\\nHe had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the\\nhead of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged\\nwar against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled\\nsuccessfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered.\\nBlack Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to\\nthe Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his Spanish\\nFather, he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason,\\nhe did not -wsnit^two fathers.\\nThe treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the\\nUnited States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines\\nRapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who\\nat once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of\\nthe Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was\\ngarrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties\\nwith the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812\\nfollowed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by\\ngiving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the\\nAmericans, In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five\\nhundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on\\nhis way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre\\na few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British\\nernment but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended\\nthe Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard\\nwas defeated.\\nIn the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi\\nwere notified that peace had been declared between the United States\\nand England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not\\nsign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog-\\nnized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of\\nsigning this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he\\nand his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life.\\nTen years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77\\nIndians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of\\nWaters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of\\nwhich Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal,\\nand was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of\\nthe Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set-\\ntlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his\\nnative village n\u00c2\u00bb\\\\v occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and\\nhis actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been\\nacquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would\\nhave been prevented.\\nBlack Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted\\nwarrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three\\nmiles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived\\nmany generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them,\\nthey remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their\\ntime in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village\\nand the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who\\nfrom time to time began to encroach upon the red men s domain. From\\none pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white\\nmen gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained\\ndeeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were\\nfinally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the\\nlowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the\\nauthorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he\\nwas forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged\\nthe removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty\\nmade with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to\\nenforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the\\nriver. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On\\nthe evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a\\nband from this army and Black Hawk s band, in which the former were\\ndefeated.\\nThis attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men\\nwas raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the\\nlakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of\\nthe Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was\\nrepulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri-\\ncan army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of\\nthe Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band,\\nand defeated them near the Blue Mounds.\\nBefore this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main\\narmy by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but in our History of\\nJo Daviess County. III., we had cccasicn to po tu the bottona of this matter, and have, we think, found the actual\\ncause of the war, which will be found on page 157.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "78 THE NORTHWEST TERETTORy.\\nWisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the\\nMississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle\\nwhich followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He\\nfled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites.\\nOn the 21st of fSeptember, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con-\\ncluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they\\nceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain\\npeaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi-\\nsions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that\\nBlack Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs\\nof the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure\\nof the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons.\\nThe next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken\\nto Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe,\\nthere to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify\\ntheir being set at liberty. They were retained here until the 4th of\\nJune, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal\\ncities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white\\npeople. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the\\nold chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they\\nreached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon\\nafter released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth-\\nplace, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village\\nwhere he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had\\nhoped to die, was now another s dwelling place, and he was a wanderer.\\nOn the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and\\nhis lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder\\nof his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re-\\nmained true to his wife, and served her Avith a devotion uncommon among\\nthe Indians, living with her upward of forty years.\\nBlack Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel-\\nancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all\\ntimes when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten-\\ntion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers reunion in Lee County,\\nIllinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem.\\nIn September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive hi\\nannuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted\\nin a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3.\\nHis faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply\\nduring his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre-\\nsented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in\\na grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. The", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79\\nbody was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a\\nseat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him\\nby Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it.\\nMany of the old warrior s trophies were placed in the grave, and some\\nIndian garments, together with his favorite weapons.\\nNo sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began\\nrapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin,\\nnow free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had\\ngrown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence.\\nIn 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed,\\nbut did not take active form until two years later, when the State became\\na part of the Federal Union.\\nThe main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of\\nLake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial\\nwealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this\\nregion was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 183(1 was\\nmade a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State\\nwas detached two years later. In 1848, W^isconsin was admitted as a\\nState, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various\\ndivisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from\\nthe time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances\\ncompelled its present division.\\nOTHER INDIAN TROUBLES.\\nBefore leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the\\nIndian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians.\\nIn August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of\\nMinnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas-\\nsacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the\\nimmediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes\\nto districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities\\nat once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number\\nwere killed and captured. About a year after. Little Crow, the chief,\\nwas killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured,\\nthirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob\\nviolence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City\\nof Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and\\nsecured his release by the following order", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "80\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nBIG EAGLE.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81\\nSpecial Order, No. 430. War Department,\\nAdjutant General s Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864.\\nBig Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa,\\nwill, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine-\\nment and set at liberty.\\nBy order of the President of the United States.\\nOfficial E. D. Townsend, AssH Adft Gen,\\nCapt. James Vanderventer, Com y Sub. Vols.\\nThrough Com g Gen l, Washington, D. C.\\nAnother Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and\\nwho was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians,\\nis noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack.\\nThis distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby^\\nwas a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border landa\\nbetween California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what\\nis known as the Lava Beds, a tract of land described as utterly impene-\\ntrable, save by those savages who had made it their home.\\nThe Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous\\nrace. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many\\ngenerations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful.\\nA famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence\\nand the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and\\ninsignificant tribe.\\nSoon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began\\nto be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoc\\ncountry. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en-\\ntirely destroyed at a place since known as Bloody Point. These occur-\\nrences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission^\\nwho, after repeated attempts, in 1864. made a treaty with the Modocs,\\nSnakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to\\na reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon.\\nWith the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who\\nremained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians\\ncomplied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief\\nSchonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance\\nuntil 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The\\nModocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain\\nJack and his band returned to the Lava Beds.\\nSeveral attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce\\nthem to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\ndifficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued,\\nin which the chief and his band were routed. They were greatly enraged,\\nand on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites.\\nThe nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com-\\nmission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be\\ndone. It comprised the following persons Gen. E. R. S. Canby^ Rev.\\nDr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California Mr. A. B.\\nMeacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon.\\nAfter several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive,\\noften appearing with scalps in their belts. Bogus Charley came to the\\ncommission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that\\nCapt. Jack and his band would have a talk to-morrow at a place near\\nClear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom-\\npanied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired.\\nAfter the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf\\nof the Indians there were present Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty\\nJim, Ellen s Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis-\\ntols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas,\\nChief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when,\\nas if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot\\nGen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired b}^ the\\nsavages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon-\\nchin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being-\\nfired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The\\ntroops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas\\ndead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to\\ntheir impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued.\\nThe whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre but it was\\nnot until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice.\\nAt that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the\\ntroops to Capt. Jack s stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire\\ngang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on\\ntheir way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until\\nJuly when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt.\\nJack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed\\nJim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences\\nwere approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho\\nwhose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others\\nwere executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873.\\nThese closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for\\nseveral years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were\\nagain involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n83\\nCAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "(J4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nBlack Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just\\nnow the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities\\nbut as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they\\nwill be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the\\nmarch of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the\\nIndians as one of the nations of the past.\\nThe Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally\\nnoticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in\\ndetail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes,\\nKaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we\\nleave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the\\nKinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the\\nsource of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in\\nthe annals of the Northwest.\\nMr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra-\\ntion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade\\nhad been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor\\nof the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles,\\non the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led\\ndown to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape,\\nand of procuring water in the event of a siege.\\nFort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about\\nhalf a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers\\nhauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he\\nwork that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while\\nthe garrison could get no grain, and Whistler and his men subsisted on\\nacorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world.\\nMr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au\\nSable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure\\nin front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in\\nthe rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard.\\nIn 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater\\nof stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four\\nmen, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant\\nLenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The\\nsurgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time\\nwere the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the\\nsoldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their\\nwives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most\\nfriendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin-\\ncipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach-\\nment to the British.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n85\\nAfter the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead-\\ning chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in that\\nconflict with American troops.\\nOne evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his\\nchildren were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into\\nthe house pale with terror, and exclaiming, The Indians the Indians\\nWhat? Where? eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. Up at Lee s, killing\\nand scalping, answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was\\ngiven, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made mother, living not far off.\\nKINZIE HOUSE.\\nMr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in\\nthe fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were\\nconveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the\\nrest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of\\nWinnebagoes, who hovered around the fort some days, when they dis-\\nappeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by\\nalarms.\\nChicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the\\ndeclaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812,\\ndid not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th\\nof August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to\\nChicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent,\\nevery word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "36 THE KOETHWEST TERRITORY.\\nPRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nPreceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk\\nwar, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity\\nof the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili-\\nzation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^iSK\\nii^^^:^:?^^j ^^N\\nA KEPBESENTATIVE PIONEER.\\nof 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The\\ninciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in\\nthe 30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the\\nregion distributed through the East by those who had participated in the\\nBllck Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then\\nhad a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard s trail from the\\nformer citv to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Vegetables\\nand clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n87\\nlakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in\\nIllinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation,\\nand a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over\\nthe swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south\\nward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind\\n1/ ..-o-\\nLINCOLN IMONUMENT, SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.\\nthem but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length,\\nand made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in\\nNorthern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the\\nsouthern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The\\nwater courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the\\nsecond great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were\\npushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "88\\nTHE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nfrom the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered\\nat the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies\\nfully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting\\n3m\\n,jiiJi!^Hiliiyilii!iiiiiiHiiJiii^\\nthe vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the Western\\nStates. The stru2; ;le, on the vvhole, had a marked effect for the better on the\\nnew Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have\\nproduced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one and, with\\nthe rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89\\nyears of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of\\nfortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining\\nregions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its\\nend. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been\\nquite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have\\ncleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of\\nfictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and\\nsciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is\\nbecoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from\\nthe financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the\\nseaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture.\\nAt the present period there are no great schemes broached for the\\nNorthwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works\\nof improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the\\npurchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the\\nnation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid\\nfair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines\\nof steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies.\\nThe lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer\\nseason, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates but experienced\\nnavigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard\\nthe enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has\\nbecome quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West\\nIndies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi\\nand Missouri.\\nAs to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly,\\nand our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union.\\nMore and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the\\nfate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the\\nnext Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi\\nabsolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward\\nsecuring the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location.\\nOur public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain-\\ning to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that\\nfor the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the\\nprinciples which should govern the country.\\nIn a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for\\ngenerations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one\\ncan not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements\\nof actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may\\nbring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on\\na pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "90 THE NOKTETWEST TERKITOEy.\\nthe same radical change in our great Northwest which characterizes its\\nhistory for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural\\ngeographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the\\ncattle raising districts of the southwest.\\nOur prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of\\nthe food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all\\ncompetitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile\\nplains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new\\nempire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a\\ncontinued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must\\nlook to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of\\nthe strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe,\\nmany of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and\\ntransported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new\\nenterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in\\nChicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European\\nconsumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense.\\nEnglish capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway\\nloans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in\\nlands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East\\nSt. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily\\ngrows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro-\\ngressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality\\nof our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing\\ndisplay in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest\\nin the matter is on the increase.\\nTo attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would\\nbe useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and\\nquality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving\\nthe world its first article of necessity its food supply. An opportunity\\nto learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at\\nthe outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers,\\nfearing the prostration ofbusiness might bring about an anarchical condition\\nof affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure\\ntheir supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly\\nclaimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave\\nthe nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries,\\nand their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the\\ngovernment was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation\\nand compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for\\nfarm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n91\\nnations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so\\nlong shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone.\\nManufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids\\nfair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly\\nour whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time\\nsupport the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As\\nto transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except\\nfood, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly\\nincreasing beyond those of any other region.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\nThe period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the\\npanic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the\\ndepression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations.\\nNow that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its\\nanticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions,\\nand leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities.\\nThe process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter\\nto be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly\\ntransferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for\\nthe Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting\\nthrough to New Orleans, every mile co-operating -in turning toward the\\nnorthwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a\\nthousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes\\nto Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger\\nagencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as\\nas far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge\\nstructures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by\\nthe railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre-\\ngation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee\\nand St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines\\nrunning to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with\\nthe states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion\\nare the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to\\nCharleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which hue will con-\\nnect with all tlie various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our\\nlatest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines,\\nand entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne\\nand Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the\\nprogress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches,\\nand running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as\\nthis process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order\\nof things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the\\nrailways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern\\nlines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now\\nbeing moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and\\ntheir transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages.\\nFew are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade\\nof Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold $24,000,000 of\\ndry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add\\nseventy per cent, to the figures of their last year s business. In boots\\nand shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have\\nplaced here their distributing agents or their factories and in groceries", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.\\n93\\nChicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages\\nover New York.\\nChicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a\\nfinancial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle\\nregions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti-\\ntutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months,\\nthey are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the\\nprairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial\\noperations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on\\nbehalf of home interests.\\nIt is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing\\nsection of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might\\nseem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\n95\\nCHICAGO.\\nIt is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch\\nof such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the\\nPrairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water,\\nand next of fire sown in weakness, and raised in power planted among\\nthe willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains\\nsleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea\\nCHICAGO IJV 16o 6.\\nthe youngest city of the world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas-\\ncus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com-\\nmerce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to\\nthe East with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou-\\nsand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nwith schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens with liberties more con-\\nspicuous than those of the old republics with a heroism equal to the firgt\\nCarthage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem set\\nyour thoughts on all this, lifted hito the eyes of all men by the miracle of\\nits growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the\\ndivinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi-\\nbility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her\\nimportance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized\\nworld.\\nWhen the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact\\nwas accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all\\nlands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not\\nshake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red-\\ndened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All\\neyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the\\nscenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopyloe, or\\nSalamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill.\\nIts calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common\\nproperty of mankind.\\nThe early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his-\\ntory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property,\\nand is cherished by every patriot.\\nStarting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000\\nacres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com-\\nmands general attention.\\nThe first settler Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the\\nWest Indies came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John\\nKinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was\\nerected.\\nA mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time\\nof the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a\\ncock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set-\\ntlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were\\ndivided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one\\nagainst it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced\\n660 acres.\\nThe produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain\\nand flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first\\nexportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports\\nfirst in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so\\nweak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the\\nwagon-load in the street.\\nI remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 97\\nline of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the\\nbags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of\\nbusiness had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators\\nwill hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce\\nhandled in a year is 1215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000\\ntons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each\\nminute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United\\nStates is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of\\ngrain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in\\n1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and\\ndoubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain\\nmarkets in Europe.\\nThe manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In\\n1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives in 1876, 60,000. The\\nmanufactured product in 1875 was worth 8177,000,000.\\nNo estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate\\nthat did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came\\nthundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But\\nwho ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets In June, 1852,\\nthere were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The\\nold Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now,\\nwho can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or\\nconnection in this city The lake stretches away to the north, gathering\\nin to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north\\nof us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads,\\nyou will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world,\\nas New York is the commercial city of this continent and, second, that\\nthe railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is\\nthis city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this\\nseems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See\\nthe eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections.\\nPass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There\\nis the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping\\nalong the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior\\nregions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left,\\nswinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months\\nin the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural\\nbelt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another\\nbranch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State.\\nAnother pushing lower down the Mississippi all these make many con-\\nnections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin,\\nIowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road,\\nthe Chicago, Burlington Quincy, running out a goodly number of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "98\\nHISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nOLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830.\\nPRESENT SITE OF LAKE STREET BRIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1833.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99\\nbranches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River.\\nI can only mention the Chicago, Alton St. Louis, our Illinois Central,\\ndescribed elsewhere, and the Chicago Rock Island. Further around\\nwe come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The\\nChicago, Indianapolis St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne\\nChicago, the Lake Shore Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen.\\ntral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we\\nreach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf\\nitself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts-\\nburgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water\\ncourses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to\\nmake a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that\\nstretch from ocean to ocean.\\nThis is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce\\nmust pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles\\nof railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth\\nin our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible\\ninstinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure\\none of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her\\n3itizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural\\norder of events, they will not be easily diverted.\\nThere is still another showing to all this. The connection between\\nNew York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit-\\nably through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas\\nPacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne.\\nBut before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to\\nKansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav-\\ning St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota,\\nMontana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi-\\ncago.\\nBut these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or\\nfifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city.\\nTheir names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago St. Paul, look-\\ning up the Red River country to the Britivsh possessions the Chicago,\\nAtlantic Pacific the Chicago, Decatur State Line the Baltimore\\nOhio; the Chicago, Danville Vincennes; the Chicago LaSalle Rail-\\nroad the Chicago, Pittsburgh Cincinnati the Chicago and Canada\\nSouthern the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their\\nconnections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in\\nprocess of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new\\ntributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be\\nadded to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not\\nless than 81,000,000,000.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "100 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nAdd to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine\\nminutes of the business hours of the season of navigation add, also, the\\ncanal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time and\\nyou will see something of the business of the city.\\nTHE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY\\nhas been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country\\naround us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of\\n$20,000,000. In 1870 it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed\\nup above $450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that.\\nOne-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain\\nenough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a\\nsemi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is\\nnot likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal\\nis completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean\\nvessels will continue to control the trade.\\nThe banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in\\n1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000.\\nThe rate of taxes is less than in anj other great city.\\nThe schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu-\\nlation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six\\nand twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record.\\nIn 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went\\non foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers\\nand news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail\\na week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post-\\nmaster nailed, up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes\\nfor the nabobs and literary men.\\nIt is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the\\nactive life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to\\na daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the\\nintelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place,\\nthat the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to\\nChicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory\\nimmediately tributary to St. Louis.\\nThe improvements that have characterized the city are as startling\\nas the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the\\nriver, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the\\nprivilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large bridoes\\nand two tunnels.\\nIn 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then\\ncommenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101\\nof the world s curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of\\nthe town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the\\nfoot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now\\nis. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts\\nhad to go up through the willows and cat s tails to the point near Lake\\nstreet bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in\\nwhich to turn around.\\nIn 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank\\nroads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you\\nout of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The\\nwooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was\\ndelivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse-\\npower engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets\\ntill 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The\\nfirst fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859.\\nGas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men s Chris-\\ntian Association was organized in 1858, aud horse railroads carried them\\nto their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm\\ntelegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city\\ngrew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes\\namounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for\\nopening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan\\nof $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than\\nplunge the town into such a gulf.\\nNow the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles\\nof water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed\\nby a crib sea-wall. One-third pf the city has been raised up an average\\nof eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water\\nof the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels\\nextending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy-\\nsis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface,\\nit is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in\\ndiameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per\\nday. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long,\\nrunning four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal-\\nlons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water-\\nmains.\\nThe three grand engineering exploits of the city are First, lifting\\nthe city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting\\nthe business, thus giving us good drainage second, running the tunnels\\nunder the lake, giving us the best water in the world and third, the\\nturning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the\\nold abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nequally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and\\nto the health of the city.\\nThat which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul,\\nthe way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been\\ntouched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely\\nwomen marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk-\\nward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch-\\ned, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them.\\nBut when once they are aroused on some subject, they put On new pro-\\nportions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out\\nfrom its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power.\\nThey have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder\\nwhy they are in such high demand. So it is with our city.\\nThere is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the\\nother of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth,\\na power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon\\nceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are\\ndisappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has\\nbeen there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all\\nthe capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation.\\nThe two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are,\\nfirst, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and\\nreceiving points second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that\\ndo this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities.\\nThey neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both\\nthese laws help Chicago.\\nThe tide of trade is eastward not up or down the map, but across\\nthe maj). The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the\\nbusiness. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year,\\nand the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the\\ngreat region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping\\nsouth into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis-\\ntricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati,\\ninstead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of\\ndominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, farther off than\\nParis is from London, and yet they are near enough to prevent the\\nspringing up of any other great city between them.\\nSt. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also\\nhurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running\\nover into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up\\nthe Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea-\\nport at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis.\\nChicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 103\\nfourth of Kl\u00c2\u00a9 territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast\\ndivides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia,\\nBaltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the\\nSouth in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their\\ntreasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery\\nof the world for 500 centuries in a garden that can feed the race by the\\nthousand years at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a\\nsummer resort equaled by no great city in the land with a climate that\\ninsures the health of her citizens surrounded by all the great deposits\\nof natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder\\nof to-day, and will be the city of the future.\\nMASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN\\nDuring the war of 1812, Port Dearborn became the theater of stirring\\nevents. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of\\nCaptain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs.\\nKinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi-\\ndents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu-\\ntenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and\\na few Canadian voyageurs^ with their wives and children. The soldiers\\nand Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies\\nand Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not\\nwin them from their attachment to the British.\\nOne evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and\\nhis children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing\\ninto the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming The Indians the\\nIndians! What? Where? eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. Up\\nat Lee s, killing and scalping, answered the frightened mother, who,\\nwhen the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined)\\nliving not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took\\nrefuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day\\nold were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the\\nfort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who\\nhovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several\\nweeks the inhabitants were undisturbed.\\nOn the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to\\nCaptain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United\\nStates property to the Indians in the neighborhood a most insane order.\\nThe Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom\\nthan the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make\\nthe distribution. Said he Leave the fort and stores as they are, and\\nlet the Indians make distribution for themselves and while they are\\nengaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "HISTORY or THE NORTHWEST. 105\\nCaptain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of\\nthe 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed\\nthat treachery was designed that the Indians intended to murder the\\nwhite people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain\\nHeald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a\\ncannon pointuig directly upon the council, and by that means saved\\nhis life.\\nMr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not\\nto confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions among\\nthem, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites.\\nActing upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of\\nwar and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other\\nproperty had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into\\nthe river, the muskets broken up and destroyed.\\nBlack Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said\\nLinden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the\\nmarch you are going to take. On that dark night vigilant Indians had\\ncrept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty\\ngoing on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the\\nsurface of the river. The savages were, exasperated and made loud com-\\nplaints and threats.\\nOn the following day when preparations were making to leave the\\nfort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend-\\ning danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon\\nthe Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far\\ndistant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief,\\nhaving been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When\\nnews of Hull s surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this\\nforce to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late.\\nEvery means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and\\narrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th.\\nIt was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications\\nwere positive that the savages intended to murder the white people and\\nwhen they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was\\nlike a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa-\\nsion, struck up the Dead March in Saul.\\nCapt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token\\nof his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt.\\nHeald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his\\npersonal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied\\nthem, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be\\ntaken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of\\nhis death.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "106\\nHISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107\\nThe procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached\\nthe sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie\\nescort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those\\nhills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had\\nkept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim-\\ning, They are about to attack us form instantly. These words were\\nquickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the\\nlittle hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their\\nmurderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove\\nthem back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty-\\nfour soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly\\nMiamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors.\\nThe white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible.\\nEnsign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his\\nknees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of\\nhis niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest\\ncoolness and courage. He said to her, We have not the slightest chance\\nfor life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you.\\nAnd then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a\\ndemon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk\\nthem all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, If that is your\\ngame, butchering women and children, I will kill too. He spurred his\\nhorse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and\\npapooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets\\nwhistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him\\nseverely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him\\ntheir prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made\\na captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce\\nthem to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaio, when\\nthe enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped\\nupon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel\\nwith savage delio-ht\\nIn this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald\\nwas an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She\\nfought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though\\nfaint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage\\nraised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face,\\nand with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice, said, in his own language,\\nSurely you will not kill a squaw The arm of the savage fell, and\\nthe life of the heroic woman was saved.\\nMrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with.\\na stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side\u00c2\u00bb\\nshe received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST.\\nseized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get\\nhold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While\\nshe was thus struggling she was dragged from lier antagonist by anc ;hei\\npowerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin\\nof the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by\\nhim so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was\\nin the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life.\\nThe wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as\\nbravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the\\nIndians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their\\nguns, for the purpose of dismounting her but she used the sword which\\nshe had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled\\nthem and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie,\\nfollowed by the savages shouting, The brave woman the brave woman\\nDon t hurt her They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting\\nthem in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the\\nneck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made\\ncaptives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but\\nwas afterwards ransomed.\\nIn this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and\\nwounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only\\ntwentj^-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians\\nrendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking\\nthrough the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the\\nprairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered\\non their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and\\nshowed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on\\nthe part of the whites to renew the fight and so Capt. Heald went for-\\nward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender\\nAvere soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should\\ngive up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become\\nprisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable.\\nWith this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian\\ncamp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and\\nsuffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned\\nthat her husband was safe.\\nA new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The\\nwounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter-\\npreted by the Indians, and the British general. Proctor, having offered a\\nliberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the\\nwounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2afterwards paid by the British government.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nGEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION.\\nThe State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec-\\ntangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due\\neast and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by\\nsoutherly flowing rivers the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together\\nwith its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon\\nthe parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi-\\nmately upon that of forty degrees and thirty -six minutes. The distance from\\nthe northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at\\nthe southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the\\nirregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does\\nnot reach that of the multiple of these numbers but according to a report of\\nthe Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863,\\nthe State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it\\nis understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied\\nby our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the\\nhighest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural\\nresources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large\\nas Scotland but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be\\nmade to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear\\nno comparison with Iowa.\\nTOPOGRAPHY.\\nNo complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made.\\nTherefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained\\nfrom incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations\\nby authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en-\\ngineer corps within the State.\\nTaking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little\\nmore than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are\\nnearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by\\n109", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\ngently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests\\nwholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill\\nranges within its borders.\\nA clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be\\nobtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to\\npoint, in straight lines across it\\nFrom the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile.\\nFrom the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile.\\nFrom the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feetO inches per mile.\\nFrom the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile.\\nFrom the S. W corner to the highest ridge between the two\\ngreat rivers (in Ringgold County)... 4 feet 1 inch per mile\\nFrom the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile.\\nFrom the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the\\nlowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines\\nRiver) 4 feet inches per mile.\\nIt will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard-\\ning the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within\\nits borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of\\nthe sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is\\nnot far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles\\ninland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under-\\nstood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to\\nconsider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the\\nformation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the\\naction of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch.\\nIt is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest\\nconsequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its\\nphysical features are most strongly marked.\\nDRAINAGE SYSTEM.\\nThe Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda-\\nries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it.\\nThe eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en-\\ntire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems\\nis formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a\\nline running southward from, a point on the northern boundary line of the State\\nnear Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern\\npart of Adair County.\\nFrom the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great\\nrivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold\\nCounty into the State of Missouri but southward from that point, in Adair\\nCounty, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and\\nlower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi-\\nson, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill\\nRIVERS.\\nAll streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits,\\noccupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept-\\nible. These successively coalesce to form the streams.\\nThe drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not\\nonly rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these\\ndeposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the\\ngeneral prairie level.\\nThe majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage\\nrun, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit\\nknown as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams,\\nfrom five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the\\nstreams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across\\nthe open country where tliere are no bridges.\\nThe material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except\\nwhere darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy,\\nnot very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not\\nbake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis-\\ntributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles not a\\nstone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called silicious\\nmarl by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and\\nits origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which\\nwas afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof. Swallaw\\ngives it the name of bluff, which is here adopted the term Lacustral would\\nhave been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand\\nsecurely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily\\nexcavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just\\nabove the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water\\nwhich falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it neither\\ndoes it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within\\nthe drift and the stratified formations.\\nThe bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri\\nruns almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun-\\ndred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest\\npart yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred\\nfeet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows Com-\\nmencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed\\nbetween the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern\\nboundary of Cass County thence to the center of Audubon County thence\\nto Tip Top Station, on the Chicago Northwestern Railway thence by a\\nbroad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County.\\nThis deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to that\\nwhich the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthat river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that\\nformed a lake-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history\\nof its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was\\nabout one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the\\nriver was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi-\\nment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower\\nportion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi-\\nment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the\\nwaters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first\\nwaters but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de-\\nposits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river,\\nso far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are\\ncomposed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border\\nalong the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen\\nmiles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland.\\nAll the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself,\\nare quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only\\nbranches of other larger tributaries of that great river or, if they empty into\\nthe Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers,\\nfrom their sources to their mouths.\\nOliariton and G-rand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles\\nof their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed\\nby the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas-\\nures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their\\nexit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold\\nCounty), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through\\nthe whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu-\\nally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty\\nmiles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen-\\neral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys\\ndown through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com-\\nposition. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains\\n(commonly termed bottoms the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except\\nwhere modified by sandy washings.\\nA considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides\\nalong a great part of their length but their upper branches and tributaries are\\nmostly prairie streams.\\nPlatte River. This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches\\npass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River,\\ndrain a large region of country.\\nHere the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west\\nline across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of\\ntwo hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113\\nThe term drift deposit applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part\\nof the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take\\nroot. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel\\naud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char-\\nacter in difierent parts of the State.\\nThe proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all\\nour wells and springs is too hard for washing purposes and the same sub-\\nstance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suflB-\\ncient flux when used for the manufacture of brick.\\nOne Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys\\nof which have the same general character of those j ust described. The country\\naround and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely\\nprairie.\\nNodaway River. This stream is represented by east, middle and west\\nbranches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County.\\nThese rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of\\nSouthern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with\\nbeautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest\\nagricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very\\nbanks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere\\ncomposed of a rich, deep, dark loam.\\nNishnahotany River. This river is represented by east and west branches,\\nthe former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County.\\nBoth these branches, from their source to their confluence and also the main\\nstream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the\\nMissouri run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff\\ndeposit. The West Nishnahotany is probably without any valuable mill sites.\\nIn the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnahotany loses its identity\\nby becoming abruptly divided up into five or six difierent creeks. A few\\ngood mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought\\nreliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the\\nconfluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The\\nvalleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable\\nfertility.\\nBoyer River. Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer\\nruns almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the\\nbluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas-\\nsage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed s mill, in\\nHarrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now\\nknown in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an\\nndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent\\nupland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit.\\nThe source of this river is in Sac County.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nSoldier River, The east and middle branches of this stream have their\\nsource in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole\\ncourse of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata\\nalong its course.\\nLittle Sioux River. Under this head are included both the main and west\\nbranches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches.\\nThe west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they\\nneed no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the\\nnorthern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit\\nalone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee\\nCounty. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson\\nand Osceola ,Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On\\nentering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth\\nof one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line\\nbetween Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred\\nfeet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and\\nbecomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the\\nvalley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance.\\nNo exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little\\nSioux or any of its branches.\\nFloyd River. This river rises upon the drift in O Brien County, and flow-\\ning southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center\\nof Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream,\\nwith slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A\\nsingle slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near\\nSioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along\\nits whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream\\nit is not valuable for such purposes.\\nRock River. This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It\\nwas evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red\\nSioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a\\nfew miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and\\nits branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of\\nthe streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed.\\nBig Sioux River. The valley of this river, from the nortliwest corner of\\nthe State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of\\nthe surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner\\nof the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence\\nof Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall\\nof about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas-\\ncades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad,\\nwith a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly\\ndefined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115\\nagricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland\\npresents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will\\nstand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream.\\nAt rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are\\nfound exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are\\nexposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single\\nexception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill\\nsites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County,\\nbut below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for\\ndams insecure.\\n3Iissouri River. This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its\\nwaters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul-\\niarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits.\\nMuch the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and\\ncontinuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance\\nof more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in\\nwidth. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres\\nof land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now\\ntillable.\\nThe rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a difierent character\\nfrom those of the western system. They are larger, longer and have their val-\\nleys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat-\\nter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the\\nstreams of the western system.\\nDes Moines River. This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters\\nIowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from\\nnorthwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast-\\nern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the\\nState. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east\\nand west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these\\nbranches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures\\nof subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These\\nexposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun-\\ndred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the\\nnorthern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified\\nby the presence of ledges and low clifis of the subcarboniferous limestone and\\ngypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma-\\nrion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas\\nure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth\\nto half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon-\\niferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub-\\ncarboniferous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the coal-measure\\nstrata into its bed but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nof Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place\\nalong the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern\\npart of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the\\nvalley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone\\nand sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process\\nof the formation of the valley.\\nThe principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side.\\nThese are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv-\\ners. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper\\ncoal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures,\\nand enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These\\nstreams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high,\\nrocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of\\nthe middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it\\nhas excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone.\\nThe valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat\\nof extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense\\npower, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa\\ncoal fields.\\nSkunk River. This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs\\nalmost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas-\\nures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where\\nit begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip.\\nIts general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up\\nas far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep\\nclay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has\\nmade the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle-\\nment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of\\nthis river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the\\neastern system.\\nIowa River. This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad,\\nslightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon-\\niferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters\\nthe region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton\\nCounty, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa\\nCounty.. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that\\npoint, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well\\nmarked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope\\naway m the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua-\\nble mill sites.\\nCedar River. This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the\\nIowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by\\nnumerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117\\nof the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the\\ntrend occupied by that formation.\\nThe valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the\\nsides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up-\\nlands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more\\ndistinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar\\nis one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its\\nbranches aflbrd abundant and reliable mill sites.\\nWapsipinnicon River. This river has its source near the source of the\\nCedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half\\nupon the same formation the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn\\nCounty, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues\\nto the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain-\\nage is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill\\nsites are unusually secure.\\nTurkey River. This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un-\\nlike other Iowa rivers. The difference is due to the great depth they have\\neroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which\\nthey have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik\\nCounty, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than\\ntwo hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to\\nthree and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the\\nwhole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales\\nare underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet\\nthick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton\\nlimestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower\\nSilurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain.\\nWater power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible.\\nUpper loiva River. This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north-\\nern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained\\nany considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis-\\nsissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out-\\ncrops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone,, the lower\\nmagnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which,\\nexcept the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The\\nvalley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne-\\nsian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower\\npart of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufiicient for the location of\\nsmall farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher\\nsurface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a\\ncultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa,\\nconsequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks\\ncome into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The toAvn", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nof Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which\\nmakes it a lovely location and the power of the river and the small spring\\nstreams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its\\ntributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa.\\nMississippi River. This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad\\ncanal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows.\\nIt is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from\\none to eight miles in width. The whole space between the blufts is occupied by\\nthe river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces\\nor remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest\\nfloods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in\\nwidth. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the\\nbluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com-\\npose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear\\nby a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper\\nSilurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the\\nsoutheastern corner of the State.\\nConsidered in their relation to the present general surflice of the state, the\\nrelative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the\\nglacial epoch but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa,\\nif no others,, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys\\neroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be\\ndoubted.\\nLAKES.\\nThe lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The\\nfirst may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left\\nin the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon\\nthe undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared.\\nThe others may be properly termed, fiuvatile or aUuviallakes, because they have\\nhad their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from\\nthe surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now\\nfound resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term\\nalluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by\\nthe action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other\\ncoarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive\\nsoils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of\\nour rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys.\\nThe regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the\\nhead waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them\\nin those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the\\nDes ISIoines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa.\\nThe largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119\\nDickinson County Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County and Storm Lake, in\\nBunea Vista County.\\nSpirit Lake. The width and length of this lake are about equal and it\\ncontains about twelve square miles of surfac^ its northern border resting directly\\non the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed.\\nIts shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile.\\nOkohoji Lake. This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and\\nhas somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few\\nrods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake\\nextends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same\\ndistance westAvard, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec-\\ntion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some\\nplaces a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very\\npleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of\\nwater fowl.\\nClear Lake. This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the\\nwatershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long,\\nand two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen\\nfeet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake.\\nStorm Lake. This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena\\nVista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area\\nof between four and five square miles.\\nThe outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex-\\ncept Okoboji.\\nWalled Lakes. Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of\\nsmall lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes\\nin Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of Walled\\nLake, on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are\\nsupposed to be the Avork of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from\\ntwo to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the\\nresult of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided,\\nto some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and\\nin winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the\\nmiddle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive\\npower of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir-\\ncumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried\\nto the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to\\ncentury, forming the embankments which have caused so much Avonder.\\nSPRINGS.\\nSprings issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley,\\nbut they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the\\nname of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nto the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata\\nof tlie age of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the\\nvalley of that stream.\\nNo mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa,\\nthough the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with\\nsoluble mineral substances.\\nORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES.\\nIt is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie\\nwhen first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic-\\nular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from\\nthose of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may\\nhave been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ-\\nence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real\\ncause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty\\nyears ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest\\ntrees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from\\ntiie annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State.\\nThe soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no\\nequal area of the earth s surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose\\nsoil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is\\ntillable land.\\nGEOLOGY.\\nThe soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not\\nonly possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their\\norigin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the\\ndeposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the\\nsurface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area\\nof surface, and the alluvial least.\\nAll soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a\\nconsiderable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota but the greater part of Iowa\\ndrift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a\\nshort distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift\\nsoil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the inconstant\\nelements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying\\nstrata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation\\nknown as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than\\nelsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu-\\npied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma-\\ntion furnishing the sand.\\nIn Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and\\ngravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA\\n121\\ncretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part\\nfrom the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite.\\nIn Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder-\\nating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate\\nwith the limestones of that region.\\nThe bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff\\ndeposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the\\nMissouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its\\ncomposition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil.\\nThe alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom\\nlands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for\\nagricultural purposes but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the\\nhighest floods, and is very productive.\\nThe stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu-\\nsive but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those\\nof the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in\\ntheir order\\nSYSTEMS.\\nCretaceous\\nCarboniferous..\\nDevonian\\nUpper Silurian\\nLower Silurian\\nAzoic\\nGROUPS.\\nPERIODS.\\n{Post Tertiary\\nLower Cretaceous.\\nr\\nI Coal Measures.\\nI\\nSubcarboniferous.\\nI\\nHamilton\\nara\\nCincinnati\\nTrenton.\\nPrimordial.\\nHuronian\\nFORMATIONS.\\nEPOCHS.\\nDrift\\nInoceramous bed\\nj Woodbury Sandstone and Shales..\\n\\\\Nishnabotany Sandstone\\nUpper Coal Measures\\nMiddle Coal Measures\\nLower Coal Measures\\nSt. Louis Limestone\\nKeokuk Limestone\\nBurlington Limestone\\nKinderhook beds\\nHamilton Limestone and Shales.\\nNiagara Limestone\\nMaquoketa Shales\\nGalena Limestone\\nTrenton Limestone\\nSt. Peter s Sandstone\\nLower Magnesian Limestone\\nPotsdam Sandstone\\nSioux Quartzite\\nTHICKNESS.\\nIN FEET.\\n10\\nto 200\\n50\\n130\\n100\\n200\\n200\\n200\\n75\\n90\\n196\\n175\\n200\\n350\\n80\\n250\\n200\\n80\\n250\\n800\\n50\\nTHE AZOIC SYSTEM.\\nThe Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few\\nacres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big\\nSioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been\\ngiven them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a\\ncolor varying, in different localitieSy from a light to deep red. The process of\\nmetamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the\\nrock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees\\nto the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nrock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in\\ndry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to\\nangular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible.\\nLOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM.\\nPRIMORDIAL GROUP.\\nPotsdam Sandstone. This formation is exposed only in a small portion of\\nthe northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the\\nbluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen\\nunderlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton\\nlimestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the\\nnorthern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper\\nIowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of\\nthe streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County.\\nIt is nearly valueless for economic purposes.\\nNo fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa.\\nLower Magnesium Limestone. This formation has but little greater geo-\\ngraphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity\\nof texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for\\nbuilding purposes.\\nThe only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids,\\nnear McGregor.\\nSt. Peter s Sandstone. This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness\\nthroughout its known geographical extent and it is evident it occupies a large\\nportion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the\\ndrift.\\nTRENTON GROUP.\\nTrenton Limestone. With the exception of this, all the limestones of both\\nUpper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones nearly pure\\ndolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla-\\nmakee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for\\neconomic purposes, yet there are in some plades compact and evenly bedded\\nlayers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills.\\nIn this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the\\nrock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented\\nby calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to\\nscience and peculiar to Iowa.\\nThe G-alena Limestone. This is the upper formation of the Trenton group.\\nIt seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and\\nfifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard,\\nWinnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits\\nits greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite,\\nwith a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 123\\nthough sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found,\\nThis formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The\\nlead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the\\nvicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the\\nrock at regular intervals from east to west some is found in those which have\\na north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul-\\nphuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it.\\nCINCINNATI GROUP.\\nMaquoketa Shales. The surface occupied by this formation is singularly\\nlong and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more\\nthan a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of\\nthe Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet\\nrecognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation\\nis largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena-\\nceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur-\\nface, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic\\nvalue is very slight.\\nSeveral species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found\\nin the Maquoketa shales but they contain a larger number that have been\\nfound anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char-\\nacteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct\\nformation from any others of the group.\\nUPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM.\\nNIAGARA GROUP.\\nNiagara Limestone. The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly\\none hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles\\nwide.\\nThis formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con-\\nsiderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A\\nlarge part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest\\namount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and\\nFarley are all opened in this formation.\\nDEVONIAN SYSTEM.\\nHAMILTON GROUP.\\nHamilton Limestone. The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime-\\nstone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper\\nand Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and\\nfrom forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south-\\neastwj^^d.\\nAlthough a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite\\nworthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes and having a", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nlarge geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations,\\nin a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the\\nproduction of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier\\nand more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other\\nmaterial requiring strength and durability.\\nAll the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re-\\nferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists.\\nThe most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra-\\nchibpod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near\\nIowa City, and is known as Iowa City Marble, and bird s-eye marble.\\nCABBONIFEROUS SYSTEM.\\nOf the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system,\\nviz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are\\nfound in Iowa.\\nSUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP.\\nThe area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern\\nborder passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider-\\nable directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington\\nCounty. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking\\nthe Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to\\na considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field.\\nFrom the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge,\\nthence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El-\\ndora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of\\nJasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence\\nto the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles\\neastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two\\nhundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide.\\nThe Kinderliook Beds. The most southerly exposure of these beds is near\\nthe mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now\\nknown is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred\\nmiles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs\\nwhich border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, Avhere they form the eastern\\nand northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash-\\nington County along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank-\\nlin Counties and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County.\\nThe economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in\\nthe northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt\\nCounties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are\\nfound here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur-\\nposes. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this\\nformation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125\\nsome of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into\\nornamental and useful objects.\\nIn Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac-\\ntured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere\\nand frost, it crumbles to pieces.\\nThe remains of fiishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation\\nthat can be referred to the sub-kingdom vertebrata and so far as yet recog-\\nnized, they all belong to the order selachians.\\nOf ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which\\nbelong to the genus phiUipsia.\\nThe sub-kingdom MOLLUSCA is largely represented.\\nThe RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im-\\nperfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals.\\nThe prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan so much so\\nin fiet as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre-\\nvailing classes are: lamelUhrancliiates, in the more arenaceous portions; and\\nbrachiopods, in the more calcareous portions.\\nNo remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this\\nfDrmation.\\nThe Burlington Limestone. This formation consists of two distinct calca-\\nreous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi-\\nsions are eminently crinoidal.\\nThe southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down,\\nso that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River,\\nnear the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point\\nat which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County.\\nIt probably exists as far north as Marshall County.\\nThis formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The\\nupper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock.\\nTlie great abundance and variety of its fossils crinoids now known to be\\nmore than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all\\nparts of the world.\\nThe only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of\\nfishes, and consist of teeth and spines bone of bony fishes, like those most\\ncommon at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Bufiington Creek, in\\nLouisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains\\nthat it might with propriety be called bone breccia.\\nRemains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered,\\nthey are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus phillipsia.\\nFossil shells are very common.\\nThe two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in the\\ngenera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class echino-\\nderms are found in most extraordinary jirofusion.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThe Keokuk Limestone. It is only in the four counties of Lee, A^an\\nBuren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen.\\nIn some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as\\nthe Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation,,\\nnor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk.\\nThe geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex,\\nusually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and\\nunsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful.\\nThey vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter.\\nThe economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its\\nstone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the\\npost offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the\\nbanks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo.\\nThe only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging\\nto the order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a\\nlength of twenty-five or thirty feet.\\nOf the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found\\nin this formation.\\nOf the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in\\nthis State gasteropods are rare brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant.\\nOf radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found,,\\nbut crinoids are most abundant.\\nOf the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the\\nsponges, is found in this formation in small numbers.\\nThe St. Louis Limestone. This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous\\ngroup in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because\\nit consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten^ is very great. It is first seen\\nresting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro-\\nceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields\\nin Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska\\nCounties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone\\nBiver, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is\\nnext seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in\\nIowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions the magnesian, arena-\\nceous and calcareous.\\nThe upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when\\nquarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County,\\nlarge blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little\\neconomic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable\\nand durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren\\nCounty, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington.\\nOf the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the\\nremains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127\\narticulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus j?hilUpsia, and\\ntwo ostracoid, genera, cythre and beyricia. The raollusks distinguish this\\nformation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are\\nexceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the\\ntwo preceding it.\\nThe rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in\\nother parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but\\nin Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone.\\nThe Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely\\ncomposed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon-\\niferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the\\nproduction of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of\\nIowa.\\nAlthough the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as\\nIowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon-\\niferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason,\\nthe Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more\\nfamous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North\\nAmerica.\\nIt will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon-\\niferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable\\nthe whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the\\nformation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred\\nmiles.\\nAt the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in\\nwhich the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending\\nalmost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were\\nformed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon-\\niferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock.\\nTHE COAL-MEASURE GROUP.\\nThe coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations,\\nviz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick-\\nness of about two hundred feet.\\nA line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern\\nand northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State: Commencing at the\\nsoutheast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner\\nof Jeiferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of\\nLee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or\\neight miles north-^ard from the one last named, and then carry it northwest-\\nward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River\\nand its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary\\nof Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthree or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County thence west-\\nward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County and\\nthence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster\\nCounty.\\nLower Coal Measures. In consequence of the recedence to the southward\\nof the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures\\nalone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also\\noccupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly\\ndip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the\\nriver.\\nNo other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the\\nlower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes\\na large amount of material for potters use. The sandstone of these measures\\nis usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion\\nCounty, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building\\nmaterial, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines.\\nOn the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures,\\nis not well supplied with stone.\\nBut few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas-\\nures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of\\nmarine origin.\\nOf fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class\\naerogens. Specimens of calamites, and several species of ferns, are found in\\nall of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed\\nlater than the epoch of the middle coal measures.\\nMiddle Coal Measures. This formation within the State of Iowa occupies\\na narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac-\\ning a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties\\nmore or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison,\\nWarren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose.\\nThis formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime-\\nstone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone\\noccurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which oifer many con-\\ntrasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation\\nis also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which\\nindicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have\\nbeen discovered.\\nGenerally speaking, few species of foss^ils occur in these beds. Some of the\\nshales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants\\nthree or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif-\\nerous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds.\\nRadiates ai-e represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre-\\nsented. Trilohites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129\\nVertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and\\nganoids.\\nUpper Coal Measures. The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is\\nvery great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the\\nState. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by\\nthe middle coal measures.\\nThe prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet\\nit contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is\\nknown by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal,\\nand that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness.\\nThe limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building\\nas in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No\\nbeds of clay for potter s use are found in the whole formation.\\nThe fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the\\nmiddle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes\\nof the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the\\ntrilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda,\\ngasteropoda, lamelli, branchiata, brachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more\\nnumerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre-\\nsented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely\\ncomposed of their small fusiform shells.\\nCRETACEOUS SYSTEM.\\nThere being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the\\nnext strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found\\nin the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations\\nupon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip\\nof their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight.\\nAlthough the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is\\nreason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally\\noccupied by them but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda-\\ntion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was\\nduring its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age\\nthat passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the\\nglacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice\\nproduced their entire removal over considerable areas.\\nIt is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks the following\\nwill approximate the outlines of the area\\nFrom the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County\\nthence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast\\ncorner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont-\\ngomery County thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie\\nCounty thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthence to Sergeant s bluffs up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the\\nnorthwest corner of the State eastward along the State line to the place of\\nbeginnina;.\\nAll the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up\\nthe Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary.\\nNishnahotany Sandstone. This rock has the most easterly and southerly\\nextent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of\\nGuthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north-\\nward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing\\nbeneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep-\\ntions, almost valueless for economic purposes.\\nThe only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper-\\nmous leaves.\\nWoodbury Sandstones and Shales. These strata rest upon the Nishna-\\nbotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County,\\nhence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant s Bluffs, seven\\nmiles below Sioux City.\\nThis rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry.\\nFossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have\\nbeen detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation,\\nleaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found.\\nInoceramus Beds. These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and\\nshales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which\\nborder the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are\\ncomposed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is\\nextensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these\\nbeds and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at\\nsome time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region.\\nThe only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes.\\nThose in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians,\\nor cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare.\\nPEAT.\\nExtensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti-\\nmated, contain the following areas\\nCounties. Acres.\\nCerro Gordo 1,500\\nWorth 2,(00\\nWinnebago 2,000\\nHancock 1,500\\nWright 500\\nKossuth 700\\nDickinson 80\\nSeveral other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is\\ninferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131\\nnamed is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four\\nfeet. It is estimated tliat each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and\\nfifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse-\\nness of the population, this peat is not utilized but, owing to its great distance\\nfrom the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their\\nvalue will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly\\ncompensated the deficiency of other fuel.\\nGYPSUM.\\nThe only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic\\nvalue in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in\\nWebster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies\\na nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running\\nnearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen\\nin the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in\\nsimilar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of\\nthe numerous ravines coming into the river valley.\\nThe most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth\\nof Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining\\nthe town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been\\nfound exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point\\nbefore mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is\\nlimited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the\\nravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes\\nup these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over-\\nlying drift. There can be no doubt that the difierent parts of this deposit, now\\ndisconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig-\\ninally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason\\nto doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of\\nthe valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of\\nfrom twenty to sixty feet.\\nThe country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating\\na general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and\\nwhich exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath,\\nmainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently\\n.almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines\\nRiver, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there\\nfrom the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet,\\nand consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land-\\nscape.\\nAs one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the\\nvalley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on\\neither side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of\\nordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of\\nstratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The\\nprincipal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below\\nFort Dodge.\\nThe reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable\\ndeposit does not occur in heaps or nests, as it does in most deposits of\\ngypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a\\nregularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and\\nquality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit\\nas the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result-\\ning from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, Avith similar lines\\nof darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the\\ndarker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in\\namount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers,\\nthus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur-\\nfaces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any\\nintercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit\\nis known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but\\nalthough it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points,\\nat the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty\\nfeet thick.\\nSince the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth-\\ning intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed\\nof clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter\\nprobably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the\\nglacial epoch; and it has, doubtless, also sufi ered some diminution of thickness\\nsince then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the\\ndrift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic-\\nulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection\\nagainst the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial\\nimperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered* by a deposit of sand\\ninstead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by\\nbeing dissolved in the water that Avould have constantly reached it from the sur-\\nface. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent,\\nbut it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills\\nof water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from\\nthe surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the\\nappearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now\\nsufiering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the\\nfact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their\\nwaters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof.\\nEmery s report.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOH^A. 133\\nBesides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum,\\nthere are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same\\nage, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest.\\nAge of the Gypsum Deposit. In neither the gypsum nor the associated\\nclays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica-\\ntion of its geological age been observed, except that which is aiforded by its\\nstratigraphical relations and the most that can be said with certainty is tliat it\\nis newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications\\nafforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge\\nare, however, of considerable value.\\nAs already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon\\nthe lower coal measures but going southward from there, the whole series of\\ncoal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper\\ncoal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability.\\nThe strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the\\nPermian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or\\nhorizon Avhich suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there.\\nAgain, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders\\nof Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age nor are any of the\\npalaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each\\nother as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It\\ntherefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age,\\nperhaps older than the Cretaceous.\\nLithological Origin. As little can be said with certainty concerning the\\nlithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age,\\nfor it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated\\nfact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition\\nof pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to\\nhave resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace\\nof native sulphur have been found in connection with it; nor has any salt been\\nfound in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association\\nwith other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of\\nthe method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole\\nregion, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary\\ndeposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the\\nwhole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter-\\nnating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers,\\nbut the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines\\ncontain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is\\nevidently sedimentary in its character. Frc^ these facts, and also from the\\nfurther one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it\\nseems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge\\noriginated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nsaturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life its stratification and\\nimpurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been\\nheld suspended in the same waters.\\nPhysical Properties. Much has already been said of the physical proper-\\nties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from\\nthat of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec-\\ntion Avith those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal-\\nysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per\\ncent, of impurity and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole\\ndeposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top\\nto bottom and from one end of the region to the other.\\nWhen it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes\\nprepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it\\nwill be seen tliat ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu-\\nrities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its\\nvalue for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it\\nbecomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec-\\nessary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi-\\ncall}^ made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster\\nof Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation,\\ntherefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality\\nas any in the country, even for the finest uses.\\nIn view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils,\\nmany persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond\\nso generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return.\\nSuch are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com-\\nmonwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This\\nis undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now\\nrapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money\\nthan he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the\\none he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older\\nsettled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper\\napplication of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be\\ndifficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It\\nshould be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country\\nadjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it\\nmore convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other\\nsource.\\nFor want of direct railroad communication between this region and other\\nparts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is\\nfor the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found\\nto be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls\\nof houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 13o\\ncan at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too\\nslight to be perceived after the lapse of several years.\\nOne of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large,\\nfine residence of it, in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by\\nexposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long\\nand successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer\\nit to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity.\\nThis preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the\\nstone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it\\nis quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in\\nFort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque Sioux City Rail-\\nroad. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material\\nto span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses,\\nwhich come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum\\nbeing nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of\\nthe sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur\\nin some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable\\nthan their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage\\nover stone in not becoming slippery when worn.\\nThe method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is\\npeculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone.\\nTaking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters,\\nand filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his\\nholes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as\\ngreat facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened\\nby blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn\\ninto the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut\\nby means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that\\nthese tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working\\nthe former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work-\\ning stone.\\nMINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME.\\nBesides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the\\nvarious forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has\\nalso been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ-\\ning the coal measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti-\\nties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of\\ngypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value,\\nand frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso-\\nciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites).\\nGypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone,\\nthe cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these\\ncases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "13G HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nbonate of lime, previously existing there in which cases the gypsum is of course\\nnot an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be.\\nThe existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the\\nshales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed\\nwithin the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great\\ngypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as\\na precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they\\nhad derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however,\\nthe same substance is found in similar sm-ill quantities and under similar con-\\nditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that\\ndeposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated\\nfrom it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it.\\nThe gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent\\nfibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near\\nFort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which\\nhad a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of\\nthe layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at\\nright angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa-\\nrent, tlie mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite.\\nNo anhydrous sulphate of lime {anliydrite) has been found in connection with\\nthe great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known.\\nSULPHATE OF STRONTIA.\\n[Celesiine.)\\nThe only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in\\nIowa, or, so fiir as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort\\nDodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower\\ncoal measures and in the cla\\\\ s that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are\\nregarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees\\ncoal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales,\\namounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds weight. The mineral is\\nfibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer.\\nBreaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem-\\nbles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men-\\ntioned. Its color is light blue, is transpjarent and shows crystaline facets upon\\nboth the upper and under surfaces of the layer those of the upper surface\\nbeing smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses\\nalong the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably\\nnot more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi-\\nmum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with\\nthose of the shales which imbed it.\\nThe other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of\\ncrystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins quarry in", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137\\nthe valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is\\nin this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would\\nclosely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated\\nthat they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their\\nfundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical\\nvalue, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical\\nfact,\\nSULPHATE OF BARYTA.\\n[Baryt(s, Heavy Spar.)\\nThis mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has\\nbeen detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion\\nCounties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the\\nlead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small\\ncrystalline masses.\\nSULPHATE OF MAGNESIA.\\n[Epsomite.)\\nEpsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington,\\nwe have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of\\nnatural origin all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small\\nquantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large\\nquantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as\\nafford it complete shelter from the rains or running water The epsomite\\nmentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone,\\nnear Starr s mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus-\\ntrating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus-\\ntations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the\\nfine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection\\nof the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near\\ntwenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains\\nnever reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom-\\nite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag-\\nnesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con-\\ndition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re-\\nsults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine\\narticle of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually\\nobtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac-\\ntical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market.\\nCLIMATOLOGY.\\nNo extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of\\ngreat value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof. T.\\nS. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839\\nto the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\ncatine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the\\natmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor-\\nable to health.\\nThe highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest\\nmonth in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees.\\nThe mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the\\nmean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall,\\nwhile that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and\\nDecember.\\nThe period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st the next\\nmean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December\\n16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th the range in each\\ncase being two full months.\\nThe climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl-\\nvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the\\nfrequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The\\ntemperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other\\nseasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of\\nthe State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good\\nbreezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are\\nunknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States\\nin the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring,\\nSummer and Fall months are delightful indeed, the glory of Iowa is her\\nAutumn, and nothiiji^ can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which\\nlasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nDISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION.\\nIowa, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab-\\nitants, is said to signify The Beautiful Land, and was applied to this\\nmagnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia-\\ntion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississi] pi\\nRiver was the extreme western boundary of the United States. x\\\\ll the great\\nempire lying west of the Father of Waters, from the Gulf of Mexico on the\\nsouth to BriCish America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, was\\na Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation\\nof this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, Avhich,\\nuntil the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish\\npossessions in America.\\nEarly in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New\\nWorld, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov-\\nered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi\\nRiver at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in\\nMay of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543,\\ndescended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico.\\nIn accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was\\nclaimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered\\nthe Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of\\nMexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery\\ngave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation.\\nAlthough Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no\\neffort to occupy it by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her\\ntitle, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi\\nValley was re-discovered and occupied by France.\\nThe unparalleled labors of the zealous Frc ncli Jesuits of Canada in penetrating\\nthe unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi-\\nnary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present\\nwork, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake\\nSuperior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper,\\nhad arrived at the great village of tlie Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a\\ngrand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held.\\nThe PottaAvatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the\\nHurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the\\nland of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthe story of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which\\nthey dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river,\\nand Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French\\nnation against all their enemies, native or foreign.\\nThe purpose of discovering the great river about Avhich the Indian na-\\ntions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar-\\nquette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established\\nthe Mission of St. Mary s, the oldest white settlement within the present limits\\nof the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great\\nundertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the\\nIllinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel.\\nAbout this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do-\\nminion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot\\nwas sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the\\nIndian nations, at St. Mary s.\\nWhen Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far sflid near\\nand, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend-\\nship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of\\nChicago.\\nIn May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St.\\nMary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law-\\nrence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North.\\nPerrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the\\nassembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their\\nwelfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French\\nGovernment.\\nMarquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the\\nvemn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of\\nyears, was considered the key to the unknown West.\\nThe time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette s grand\\nproject. The successful termination of Perrot s mission, and the general friend-\\nliness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per-\\nilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was\\nfinally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by\\nwhite men.\\nThe Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure,\\nwere astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis-\\ncourage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley Avere cruel\\nand bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain.\\nThe great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could\\nswallow both canoes and men.\\nBut Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re-\\nports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice,\\neven to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He\\nprayed with them and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak-\\ning, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy-\\nageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending\\nGreen Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and\\ndiscovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where\\nMarquette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the\\ntown, ornamented Avith white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which\\nthese good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141\\nthe pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them\\nabundant chase.\\nThis was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French\\nmissionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his\\nIndian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle-\\nsnake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos-\\npitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed\\nthem that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can-\\nada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France but that\\nhe, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion\\nof the Cross and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had\\nno fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys.\\nObtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the\\nWisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct-\\ning them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and\\nthe little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long\\nbeen so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters.\\nOn the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the\\nwest bank of the river and land d a little above the mouth of the river now\\nknown as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa.\\nLeaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol-\\nlowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to\\nan Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil-\\nlages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it\\ncreated much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there\\nwas a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come\\nto them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and\\nwere cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that\\nthis band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon-\\nin-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood.\\nThis, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines\\n(Monk s River), its present name.\\nHere the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and\\ncustoms of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the\\nauthority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos-\\ntility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they\\nwere accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors.\\nMarquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and\\nsafeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey.\\nIt is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery\\nof Iowa more properh belong to the history of another State.\\nIn 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in\\nthe name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense\\nregion watered by tlie great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth,\\nand named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he\\ncalled Colbert, after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column\\nand a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language,\\nLouis the Great, King of France and Navarre,\\nReigning April 9th, 1682.\\nAt the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis-\\ncovery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries,\\nincluding Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA\\nThe province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources\\nof the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the\\neast, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters\\non the west. Says Bancroft, France had obtained, under Providence, the\\nguardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own\\nbenefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to\\nbe inherited.\\nBy the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions\\nin Hudson s Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained\\nLouisiana but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the\\ncrown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country\\nwas deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in\\nthe hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern-\\nment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony\\nCrozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo-\\nnopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed.\\nCrozat met with no success in his commercial operations every Spanish harbor\\non the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was\\ndeemed an encroachment on Spanish territory Spain was jealous of the am-\\nbition of France.\\nFailing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat sought to\\ndevelop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be\\nopened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he\\nactually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only-\\nprosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi-\\nviduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter between themselves\\nand the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements.\\nAfter a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in\\nAugust, 1717.\\nImmediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and\\nmore magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France\\nwas deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law\\nappeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana\\nbranch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a\\nlegal existence of twenty -five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers\\nand privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company\\nwith the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New\\nFrance, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author-\\nized to monopolize all the trade in the country to make treaties with the\\nIndians to declare and prosecute war to grant lands, erect forts, open mines\\nof precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the\\narmy, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip\\nships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law s\\nBank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King\\nto adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in\\nthe colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever\\nblown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it\\nwas accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man\\nin France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of\\nFinance.\\nAmono- the first operations of the Company was to send eight hundred\\nemigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143\\nIn 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred\\nminers and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered\\nit extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of\\nSpanish hostilities against the French settlements to prevent this, as well as to\\nextend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection\\nbetween the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up\\nthe Mississippi River, waa erected as an outpost in 1720.\\nThe Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January,\\n1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated,\\nand the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France\\nwas impoverished by it, both private and public credit Avere overthrown, capi-\\ntalists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ-\\nment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous.\\nWhile this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was\\nthe theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana\\nextremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their\\nIndian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their\\nfriends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce\\nand powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against\\nthe French. Tlie Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in\\n1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although\\nthe expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride,\\nyet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best\\nmilitary resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were\\nfinally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin\\nRiver, and driven west in 1746.\\nThe Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded\\nthe returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi\\nwilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732,\\nthe jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France.\\nThe Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien-\\nville returned to assume command for the King.\\nA glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made\\nin portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As\\nearly as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the\\nWabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and\\nskins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market.\\nIn the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative\\nconnnerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River\\nwas comparatively unknown.\\nIn 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than\\nin any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels\\nof flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider-\\nable quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax.\\nIn the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that,\\nin 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six\\nhundred converted Indians, and many traders and voyageurs.\\nIn 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic\\ncolonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of\\nwhich we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve\\ntheir possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the\\nslightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nmerits toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of\\nthe great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the\\nworld. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every\\nEnglishman within the Ohio Valley.\\nThe colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by\\nthe encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly\\nin the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this\\npurpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir-\\nginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio\\nRiver. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the\\nvast importance of an immediate and eflFectual resistance on the part of all\\nthe English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the\\nFrench.\\nIn 1753, Governor Dinwiddle, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a\\nyoung man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant a reason\\nfor invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted. Washington met\\nthe French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the\\nAlleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received\\nthe insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but\\nwould make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its\\nwaters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis-\\ncoveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it.\\nIn January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to\\nthe Governor and .Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as\\nLieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to\\nthe forks of the Ohio, with orders to finish the fort already begun there by the\\nOhio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the\\nEnglish settlements.\\nOn his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington,\\nthrough the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the\\nrocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at\\nthe same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting\\nabout a quarter of an hour ensued ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among\\nthem Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris-\\noners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma-\\nhawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the\\nSix Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were\\nsoon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort\\nNecessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with\\n600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washington accepted\\nterms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of\\nthe Ohio.\\nThis attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of\\nFrance, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the French and\\nIndian War devastated the colonies for several years, Montreal, Detroit\\nand all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February,\\n1763, by the treaty of Paris which had been signed, though not formally ratified\\nby the respective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 France relinquished\\nto Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east\\nside of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the\\nsame day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded\\nto Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145\\nwhole country to the head waters of the Great Rivei-, and west to the Rocky\\nMountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly\\na century, was ended.\\nAt the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great\\nBritain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter\\nall the territory on the east side of tlie Mississippi River and north of the thirty-\\nfirst parallel of north latitude. At the same time. Great Britain ceded to\\nSpain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and\\nsouth of the southern limits of the United States.\\nAt this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish\\npossessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River\\nwas under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the\\nterritory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first\\nparallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros-\\nperity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred\\nmiles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern-\\nment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun-\\ndary of the United States.\\nThe free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during\\nall the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and\\nas the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State\\nof Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress.\\nThe people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over\\nthe entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained\\nby its eastern tributaries they had a natural right, according to the accepted in-\\nternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis-\\nsippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river\\nwas not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth\\nof the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political\\nimportance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with\\nwonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident\\nthat no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below\\nthem, only while their numbers were insufficient to enable them to maintain\\ntheir right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of\\nthe treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation\\nof the Mississippi not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of\\nthe river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military\\nposts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im-\\nports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the\\nriver was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the\\nSpanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor-\\nous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 but Spain held it as\\nher right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people,\\nthat the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern-\\nment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan was\\nto induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land\\ngrants and extraordinary commercial privileges.\\nSpanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them\\nthat the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges,\\nprovided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains.\\nThe Spanish JSIinister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential\\ncorrespondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nand refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the\\nfree navigation of the Mississippi.\\nBy the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip-\\nulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width,\\nshould be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the\\nUnited States should be permitted, for thi-ee years, to use the port of New\\nOrleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free.\\nIn November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus\\nKing, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain\\nand France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui-\\nsiana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed.\\nThe change oftered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the\\nUnited States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended\\nthe attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent\\ngovernment west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803,\\nthe American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their\\nunalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi-\\ngation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing\\ntreaties.\\nIn the same month, President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed\\nRobert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the\\nCourt of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of\\nSpain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated\\nby the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in-\\nstructed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it\\ndoes not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing\\nthat part of Louisiana lying on the west side of the Mississippi. In fact, on\\nthe 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain-\\ning a plan which expressly left to France all her territory on the west side of\\nthe Mississippi. Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that\\nthere would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori-\\nous LTnion of States west of the Father of Waters.\\nIn obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this\\nplan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon s Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo-\\nmatist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing\\nto cede the whole French domain in North America to the United States, and\\nasked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv-\\ningston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley-\\nrand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to think of it. A\\nfew days later. Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed\\nthe American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain\\nfor the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum.\\nHe had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty,\\nand he was anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a\\nmere trifle. The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million\\nfrancs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this\\nbasis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803.\\nThis treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress,\\napproved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized\\nto take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government.\\nAccordingly, on the 20th day of December following, on behalf of the Presi-\\ndent, Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147\\npurchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New\\nOrleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in\\n1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with-\\ndrew her opposition early in 1804.\\nBy this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal\\nof Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west\\nof the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to\\nBritish America.\\nIf the original design of Jefferson s administration had been accomplished,\\nthe United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory\\nlying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus\\nhave acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile\\nempire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral\\nresources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To\\nNapoleon s desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv-\\ningston s act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was\\ndone, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the\\nLouisiana purchase.\\nBy authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly\\nacquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided that part\\nlying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of\\nOrleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed\\nunder the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when\\nit was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until\\n1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the\\nname of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of\\nJuly, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of\\nArkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas\\nTerritory.\\nOn the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri-\\ntory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory\\nwest of the Mississippi River and north of Missouri was made a part of the\\nTerritory of Michigan but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon-\\nsin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of\\nIowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota.\\nBy act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the\\nTERRITORY OF IOWA\\nwas erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part\\nof Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions.\\nTHE ORIGINAL OWNERS.\\nHaving traced the early history of the great empire lymg west of the Mis-\\nsissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis-\\ncovery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to\\ngive some history of\\nTHE INDIANS OF IOWA.\\nAccording to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title\\nto any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first\\ndiscovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the\\nFrench. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nand then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that\\ntime, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of th\u00c2\u00ab high\\ncontracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in\\nthe possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain\\nbefore Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory,\\nthe United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had\\nnever been dispossessed and it became necessary to purchase again what had\\nalready been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his-\\ntory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set-\\ntlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State,\\nthat cannot be omitted.\\nFor more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin\\nsoil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted not even a\\ntrading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis-\\nputed possession of the native tribes, Avho roamed at will over her beautiful and\\nfertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out\\ntheir life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State\\nso aptly styled The Beautiful Land, had been the theater of numerous,\\nfierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored\\nregion, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt.\\nIn these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was\\neither exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds.\\nIn 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful\\npeople, occupying a large portion of the State but when the country was again\\nvisited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on\\nthe west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of\\nthe Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations,\\nresiding in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually\\nfought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven\\nout of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death\\nof Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the\\nIllini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois\\nwere nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious\\nfoes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common\\nwith the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and,\\nin The Beautiful Land, these natives met their equally warlike foes, the\\nINorthern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses-\\nsion of the country for many years.\\nWhen the United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis-\\nsissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed\\nthe entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes,\\nalso, occupied the most of the State of Illinois.\\nThe Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz.\\nTheir largest and most important town if an Indian village may be called\\nsuch and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun-\\ntered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this\\nregion, was on Rock River, near Rock Island another was on the east bank of\\nthe Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River the third was at the\\nhead of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth\\nwas near the mouth of the Upper Iowa.\\nThe Foxes had three principal villages, viz. One on the west side of the\\nMississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River; another about twelve", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149\\nmiles from the river, in the rear of the Dubu(|ue lead mines, and the third on\\nTurkey River.\\nThe lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with-\\ndrawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on\\nthe Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now\\nstands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas\\nAvas fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division\\nof the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given\\nContrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day\\ntime, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian\\nwarfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in lecgth, and two miles\\nwide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The m-iin area of this bottom rises\\nperhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered\\nwith trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of\\nthe river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near\\nthe river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of\\nthe prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on\\nits summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that\\ntime, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the\\ncountry rises abruptly into elevated broken river blutfs, covered with a heavy forest for many\\nmiles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, afiFording a convenient shelter\\nfor the stealthy approach of the foe.\\nThrough this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted\\nthemselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and\\nmake such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might aftbrd, to aid them\\nin their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their\\nspies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by\\nwhich means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence.\\nAt the foot of themound above mentioned, the lowag had their race course, where they diverted\\nthemselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry\\nevolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and\\ndefense carefully inculcated, by which meansaskill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled.\\nUnfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon-\\nscious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of\\ntheir arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected.\\nPash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the\\nadvantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and\\nordered Black Hawk to file off with his joung warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover\\nof the timber along the river bank, an i with the utmost speed reach the village and commence\\nthe battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous as-ault on\\nthe unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. Tlie plan\\nwas skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the\\nvillage undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabiianfs, by firing\\none general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp-\\ning knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as suoa as the\\nfire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge.\\nOn the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po\\nleaped from their couchant positiou in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and\\nunarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The first impulse of the latter naturally led\\nthem to make tlie utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their\\nwives and ch.llren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the plr.ce of\\nattack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in tbeir flight by the bullets and\\ntomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and\\nthe survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their\\nwhole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughterid heaps\\namidst the devouring demi nt, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with ih exulting\\nshouts of the victorious foe, filleil their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives and children\\nwho had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in\\nthe hands of the victors and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and\\ndefenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River,\\nwhich they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek\\nHills.\\nThe Sacs and Fo.xes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River,\\nhad a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took nossession", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nof their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of\\nsixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In\\n1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes\\nat 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the\\nupper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of\\nRock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the\\nisland, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves the picturesque bluffs\\nalong the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn,\\nsquash and other vegetables, with little labor the abundance of wild fruit,\\ngame, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an\\nIndian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of\\nthe Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole\\nnation.\\nNorth of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the\\nSioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their\\nrivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were\\nmostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and\\nWestern Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the\\nhunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs\\nand Foxes and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was\\nestablished between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty\\nheld at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties,\\ncaused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon\\neach other s side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre-\\nlenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs\\nand Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides\\nof the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them\\na neutral ground, commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the\\nSacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this\\nground unmolested, provided they did not interfere Avith each other on United\\nStates territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and\\nneither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved.\\nIn April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and\\nFoxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County,\\non the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under\\nthe leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their\\nhome in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the neutral\\nground. At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were\\nencamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter-\\nmined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a\\npoint on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment,\\nin the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they Avere able to dis-\\ncover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning,\\nafter many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin-\\ndictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The\\nconflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail-\\nants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their\\nwomen and children, Avere killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One\\nof the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a squaw as they were rushing into\\nthe Sioux s camp. He started to run aAvay, when the same brave squaw shot\\nhim through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three\\nother Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151\\nparty hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground,\\nand made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition.\\npike s expedition.\\nVery soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government\\nadopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the\\nconciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and,\\nalso, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and\\ntrading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding,\\nhad its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post. Captains Lewis and Clark,\\nwith a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the\\nMissouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis-\\nsissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates,\\nleft the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months rations,\\non the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe-\\ndition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines\\nRapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian\\nAgent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and\\nFox warriors.\\nAt the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated, Pike held a\\ncouncil with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows\\nYour great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more\\nintimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of\\nred people in our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the\\nGeneral to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by\\nthe hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required.\\nAt the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky\\nand tobacco.\\nPursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is\\nsupposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington,\\nwhich he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as\\nbeing on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the\\nwest side of the river, in latitude about 41\u00c2\u00b0 2V north. The channel of the\\nriver runs on that shore the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular\\nnearly level on top four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for\\ngardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for\\nthe consumption of a whole regiment. In addition to this description, which\\ncorresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the\\nriver, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters\\ninto the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from\\nthe distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have\\nbeen the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the\\nopinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located,\\ncalled by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, Flint Hills.\\nOn the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition,\\nand following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they\\nwere led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his\\ntwo favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left\\nthem on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they\\nshould get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he\\nwaited some time for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed\\nit inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nsuit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two\\nmen Avould soon overtake him. Thej lost their way, however, and for six days\\nwere without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might\\nhave perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in-\\nduced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at\\nDubuque.\\nAt Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman,\\nwho iield a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field\\npiece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had\\nvisited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub-\\nlish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer\\nobtained but little information from him.\\nAfter leaving this place. Pike pursued his Avay up the river, but as he passed\\nbeyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo-\\nrations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his-\\ntory of another State.\\nIt is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the\\nmouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September\\n23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land.\\nOn the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the\\nNorthwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47\u00c2\u00b0. At this time the\\nthen powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from\\nHudson s Bay to the St. Lawrence up that river on both sides, along the great\\nlakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of\\nthe north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of\\ntheir operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing\\nhis mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest,\\nPike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806.\\nINDIAN WARS.\\nThe Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States,\\nand was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by\\nthe Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession.\\nBefore it could bo open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that\\nthe Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The\\naccomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of\\nmoney and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by\\nIndian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act\\nof oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation.\\nAs previously shoAvn, at the time when the United States assumed the con-\\ntrol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State\\nwas in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who\\nwere not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the\\nencroachments of the pale faces.\\nAmong the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the\\nAmericans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his\\ntribe, was Black Hawk, Avho was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in\\n1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his.\\nenergy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs\\nand Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from\\n1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a\\nfighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153\\ntribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom-\\ninent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some liistorians have added to the statement\\nthat it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of\\nthe qualifications of a successful leader. If this was so, his life was a marvel.\\nHoAV any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom-\\ninent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his\\ncotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said\\nto liave been the victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the\\nAmericans, but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy\\nof theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason.\\nIt will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country\\nto France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of\\nit, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804.\\nBlack Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were, invited to be\\npresent and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation,\\nand it is but just^i:o say that this refusal was caused probably more from\\nregret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the\\nSpanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In\\nhis life he says I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United\\nStates were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the\\nAmericans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father.\\nThe Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out\\nof one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for\\nour village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends\\nappeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that\\nstrange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our\\nSpanish father again. The information made all our people sorry.\\nOn the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William\\nHenry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United\\nStates, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con-\\nsideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars worth of goods\\nthen delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in\\ngoods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of\\nthe Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to\\nthe Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres.\\nTo this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider\\nit binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it\\nhad no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they\\nheld or occupied and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite\\na different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been\\nimprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man.\\nThe year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up\\nthe river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and select-\\ning sites for forts Avithin the territory recently acquired from France by the\\nUnited States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom\\nBlack Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with and he was very much\\nprepossessed in Pike s favor. He gives the following account of his visit to\\nRock Island\\nA boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party\\nof soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our\\nyoung braves Avatched them every day, to see what sort of people he had on\\nboard. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nshore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We\\nin turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare.\\nWe were well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said\\nour American father would treat us well.\\nThe events which soon followed Pike s expedition were the erection of Fort\\nEdwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the\\npresent town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These\\nmovements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was\\ncommenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of\\ntheir chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in-\\nterview with the commander after Avhich they returned home apparently satis-\\nfied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down\\nanother delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord-\\ning to Black Hawk s account, the American chief told them that he Avas build-\\ning a house for a trader who was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the\\nsoldiers were coming to keep him company a statement which Black Hawk\\nsays they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment\\nupon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them.\\nIt has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort\\nMadison at the point where it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804.\\nBy the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a\\nfort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River by article six they had bound\\nthemselves that if any citizen of the United States or any other white persons\\nshould form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be\\nremoved. Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the\\nestablishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the\\nterm settlement, as used in the treaty. At all events, they ei ected Fort\\nMadison within the territory reserved to the Indians, Avho became very indig-\\nnant. Not long after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted\\nits destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who\\nascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the fort every\\nmorning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them-\\nselves near the fort, and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On\\nthe morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and were fired\\nupon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in\\ntheir movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they\\nkept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting\\nfire to the fort with blazing arrows but finding their efforts unavailing, they\\nsoon gave up and returned to Rock River.\\nWhen Avar was declared between the United States and Great Britain, in\\n1812, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly\\nbecause he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because\\nthey had been deceived by the Americans. Black Hawk himself declared that\\nthey were forced into the Avar by being deceived. He narrates the circum-\\nstances as follows Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and\\nFoxes Avere called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On\\ntheir return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great\\nFather wished them, in the event of a Avar taking place with England, not to\\ninterfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but\\nwished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that\\nBritish traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us\\nwith goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155\\nchiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the\\nFall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families.\\nHe repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods\\nthat Ave should go ^there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the\\nBritish traders had done.\\nBlack Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his\\npeople were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their\\nWinter s hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the\\ntrader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by\\nthe trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the\\npromise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable and,\\ndisappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. Few\\nof us, says Black Hawk, slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In\\nthe morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river it soon arrived, bearing an\\nexpress, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock\\nIsland with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme-\\ndiately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The\\nexpress presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through\\nour camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all\\nstarted for Bock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace,\\nhaving been forced into the war by being deceived.\\nHe joined the British, who flattered him, styled him Gen. Black Hawk,\\ndecked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and\\narmed his band but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban-\\ndoned the service and came home.\\nWith all his skill and courage. Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs\\nand Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head\\nof whom was Keokuk the Watchful Fox were disposed to abide by the\\ntreaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people.\\nTherefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great\\nBritain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized,\\nwith Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the War and the\\nPeace party.\\nBlack Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the\\nnation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable\\nto defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havmg all\\nthe old men and women and children belonging to the Avarriors who had joined\\nthe British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed\\nthat Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men,\\nwomen and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to\\nSt. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there.\\nThey accordingly went down, and were received as the friendly band of the\\nSacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On\\nBlack HaAvk s return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced\\nto him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he\\nhad become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed\\nforce going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the\\nvillage Avhereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village\\nand cross over to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing\\nat the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter\\non account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me\\ncame out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nobtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs he remonstrated against\\nthe desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers,\\nand offered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be\\ntheir war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the\\ntrail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans\\ndid not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of\\nKeokuk.\\nKeokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the\\nnation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He Avas of a pacific disposition,\\nbut possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion\\nrequired, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en-\\ncountered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he\\nwas honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event.\\nKeokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most\\ngifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing in his public\\nspeeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures he spoke\\nrapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible he culled his fig-\\nures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un-\\nfortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among Avhite people, he\\nwas never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint-\\nance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac-\\nquainted with the elements of. their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance\\nto his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had\\nreceived a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the\\nlatter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his\\ncareer among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for\\ntranslation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of\\na gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power\\nof reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make\\nhim sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti-\\nfication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking.\\nThe proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in\\nthe Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under-\\nstood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his\\naudience.\\nKeokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a\\nmore intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States,\\nthan his noted and restless cotemporary, Black Hawk. He knew from the first\\nthat the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on\\ncould result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against\\nit. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black\\nHawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman s\\ndefeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would\\nhave forced him to submit to their Avishes in joining the rest of the warriors in\\nthe field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be\\nmoved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he\\ncalled the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted\\nthe justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a\\nnoble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by\\nthe white man, and the spirits of tlieir braves, slain in battle, called loudly for\\nvengeance. I am your chief, he said, and it is my duty to lead you to bat-\\ntle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157\\nyou decide on taking this important step, it is wise to niqun-e into the chances of\\nsuccess. He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States,\\nagainst Avhom they Avould have to contend, that their chance of success was\\nuttei ly hopeless. But, said he, if you do determine to go upon the war-\\npath, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, Ave will\\nkill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering\\ndeath of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on\\nthe other side of the Mississippi.\\nThis was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was\\npresented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban-\\ndon the rash undertaking.\\nBut during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of\\nIndians, from the Avest side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white\\nsettlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep-\\nredations.\\nWhen peace was declared between the United States and England, Black\\nHawk was required to make peace Avith the former, and entered into a treaty\\nat Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not touch the goose-quill\\nto it until May 13, 1816, Avhen he smoked the pipe of peace Avith the great\\nAvhite chief, at St. Louis. This treaty Avas a rencAval of the treaty of 1804,\\nbut Black HaAvk declared he had been deceived that he did not knoAv that by\\nsigning the treaty he Avas giving aAvay his village. This weighed upon his mind,\\nalready soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of\\nthe Avhites and Avhen, a fcAv years later, he and his people Avere driven from\\ntheir possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his\\nfathers.\\nIt is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the\\nUnited States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line\\ndrawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi,\\nexcept a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then\\nto be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River,\\nand one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin Rivor.\\nTHE BLACK HAAVK AVAR.\\nThe immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of\\nBlack Hawk s village, on the Rock River, by the Avhites, during the absence of\\nthe chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the Avest side of the\\nMississippi. When they returned, they found their Avigwams occupied by Avhite\\nfamilies, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of\\nthe river. The Indians Avere indignant, and determined to repossess their village\\nat all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and\\nmenacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be Avell\\nto remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to Avhich\\nthey attributerl all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to\\nleave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not\\nappear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government.\\nIf this Avas true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint.\\nBut the Avhites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous\\nagainst Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of\\nIllinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island Avith a military force to drive the\\nIndians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk\\nsays he did not intend to be provoked into war by anything less than the blood of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nsome of his OAvn people in other words, that there would be no war unless it should\\nbe commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili-\\ntary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general\\nwar against the Avhites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not\\nappear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi-\\nence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger-\\nous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the\\nthe old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood\\nhad been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new\\ntreaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever\\non the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the\\nPresident or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood\\nthe terms of this treaty is uncertain. As Avas usual, the Indian traders had\\ndictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro-\\nvisions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the\\nIndians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers\\nwithout violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed\\nnever to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on\\nthe 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women\\nand children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of\\nFort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed\\ninto an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black\\nHawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force but\\nit does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance\\ncreate any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never\\nwent on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and their\\nchildren.\\nThe Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk\\nwas invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty\\nmiles up Rock River but that he did not remain there long, but commenced\\nhis march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen-\\nson s company of mounted rangers, says that Black Hawk and h\\\\s band\\ncrossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his l)and had had bad luck in\\nhunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and\\nhad come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of\\nthe Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief Otlier old set-\\ntlers, Avho all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came\\nback to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new\\nsupply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which\\nresulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during\\nthe Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their\\nfivorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate\\nin hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed\\nin one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the\\nfears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty\\ncould be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd\\ntrader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on\\nthe 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson I am\\ninformed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on\\nthe frontier settlements. From every information that I have\\nreceived, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac\\nIndians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier. And", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159\\nyet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman s men commenced war by\\nfiring on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were\\ncommitted by the British band of Sac Indians.\\nIt is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black\\nHawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois.\\nIt is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman s Run, Black\\nHawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined\\nto exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis-\\nsippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him,\\nan army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace.\\nHis only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if\\npossible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did but, before he\\ncould get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a\\nbattle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu-\\ntenant, the Prophet, the whites were plainly informed that the starving\\nIndians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis-\\nsippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to\\nthis second eff ort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained,\\nthe pursuit Avas resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles\\nbefore they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not\\nbe dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation\\nand the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August,\\n1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien\\nby three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson Barracks until the\\nSpring of 1833, when he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On\\nthe 2(3th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they I emained\\ntill the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to bo liberated and\\nreturned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought\\nback to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him\\nall along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he\\nreceived. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation\\nwas sold, in 183(3, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to\\nthe Des Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, which occurred\\non the 3d of October, 1838.\\nINDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES.\\nAt the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was made at a\\ncouncil held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving\\ncity of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island\\nPacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this\\ncouncil, the United States were represented by Gen. Winfield Scott and Gov.\\nReynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and\\nwarriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and\\nFoxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa\\nfifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the\\nUpper Iowa River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the\\npurchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession,\\nthe United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated\\ntribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to\\npay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "IGO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nseventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport\\nFarnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the\\nSac and Fox women and children whose husbands and Others had fallen in the\\nBlack Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of\\npork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn.\\nThis territory is known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Although it was\\nnot the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes,\\nit was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed\\nacross the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title Avas extinguished. The treaty\\nAvas ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June folloAving,\\nAvhen the Indians ([uietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and\\nbeautiful region Avas opened to white settlers.\\nBy the terms of the treaty, out of the Black HaAvk Purchase Avas reserved for\\nthe Sacs and Foxes 400 s(|uare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in-\\nIcuding Avithin its limits Keokuk s village, on the right bank of that river. This\\ntract Avas knoAvn as Keokuk s ReservCj and Avas occupied by the Indians until\\n1836, when, by a treaty made in September betAveen them and Gov. Dodge, of\\nWisconsin Territory, it Avas ceded to the United States. The council Avas held\\non the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and Avas the largest assem-\\nblage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands.\\nAbout one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was\\ntheir leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the\\ntreaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des\\nMoines River, where an agency Avas established for them at what is noAv the\\ntown of Agency City.\\nBesides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk\\nPurchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land\\nopposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the\\nisland, on the Iowa side. This Avas the first land title granted by the United\\nStates to an individual in loAva.\\nSoon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation\\non the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street Avas transferred from the\\nagency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency\\namong them. A farm was selected, on which the necessary buildings Avere\\nerected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at\\nthe expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent Avas employed to superin-\\ntend the farm and dispose of the crops. Tavo mills Avere erected, one on Soap\\nCreek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept aAvay by a\\nflood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected\\nwith the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The\\nlatter was interpreter for Hard Fish s band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo-\\nkuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former\\non the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in Aviiat is now\\nKeokuk s Prairie, and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa.\\nAmong the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from\\nOhio, and Phelps Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, Avho estab-\\nlished his post at Avhat is now the site of Eddyville.\\nThe Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their\\nnatural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation.\\nKeokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has\\nbeen reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal Avith his\\ntribe to Kansas.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161\\nIn May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River,\\nabove the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their\\nlands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the\\n11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession\\nof the New Purchase till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them\\nwere removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the\\nSpring of 1846.\\n1. TVeaty tvith the Sioux Made July 19, 1815 ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty\\nwas made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United\\nStates, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace\\nand friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of\\n1812.\\n2. Treaty with the Sacs. A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between\\nthe United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the\\nUjth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 1804\\nwas re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep\\nentirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British\\nin the war just then closed.\\n3. Treaty with the Foxes. A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage\\ndes Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14ih of September, 1815, and ratified the same as\\nthe above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 8, 1804, and\\nagreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clai k, now Peoria,\\nIllinois.\\n4. Treaty ivith the lowas. A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the\\nUnited States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners\\nas above, on the 16tli of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified\\nat the same date as the others.\\n5. Treaty with the Sees of Ro -k River Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between\\nthe United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian\\nEdwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804\\nwas reestablished and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River,\\nand Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, touched the goose quill.\\n6. Treaty of 1S34 On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United\\nStates and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner,\\nwherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in Missouri and that portion\\nof the southeast corner of Iowa known as the Half-Breed Tract was set oil and reserved for\\nthe use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In-\\ndians. Ratified January 18, 1825.\\n7. Treaty of Auyust 19, 1S25. At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis\\nCass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me-\\nnomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in\\norder to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting\\ngrounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line\\nbetween the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows\\nCommencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi,\\nand ascending said Iowa River to its west fork thence up tlie fork to its source thence cross-\\ning the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines\\nRiver thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its\\njunction with the jMissouri River.\\n8. Treaty of 1830. On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes\\nceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width,\\nand extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux\\nalso, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a\\nlike strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this\\ntreaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend-\\ning along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This\\nterritory was known as the Neutral Ground, and the tribes on either side of the line were\\nallowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the\\nWinnebagoes were removed to it in 1841.\\n9. Treaty wnh the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. At the same time of the above treaty re-\\nspecting the Neuti-al Ground (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas,\\nlowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun-\\ndaries of which were defined as follows Beginning at the upper fork of the Des ]\\\\Ioines River,\\nand passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that\\nfalls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side thence down said creek and the Calumet", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nRiver to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above\\nthe Kansas thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State thence to the high lands\\nbetween the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along\\nthe dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River thence along said high lands or ridge\\nseparating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source\\nof the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of\\nbeginning.\\nIt was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned\\nand allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living\\nthereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur-\\nposes. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to\\npay to the Sacs three thousand dollars to the Foxes, three thousand dollars to the Sioux,\\ntwo thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the\\nOmahas, two thousand five hundred dollars and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five\\nhundred dollars to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities,\\nthe Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple-\\nments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart\\nthree thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not\\nappear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the\\nNeutral Ground, in 1840-41.\\nThis treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby\\nMorgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February\\n24, 1831.\\n10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832,\\nby Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win-\\nnebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and\\nin part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other\\nIndian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the\\ntwo tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to\\nthe Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin-\\nning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars\\nin specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili-\\nties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and\\nto continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen\\nand plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government.\\n11. Treaty of ISS.J ivUh the Sacs and Foxes. Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase.\\n12. Treaty of 1S36, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk s Reserve to the United States;\\nfor which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity often thou-\\nsand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to\\nvarious parties.\\n13. Treaty of 1S37.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash-\\nington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of\\nSacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained,\\ndescribed in the treaty as follows: A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west\\nand adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21,\\n1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north-\\nern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the\\nUnited States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended\\nwestwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above\\nsurvey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last\\nmentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles.\\nThis piece of land was, twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both\\nends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length.\\n14. Treaty of Relinquishment. At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing-\\nton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their\\nright and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes\\nand Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis-\\nsouri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars.\\nThe Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them,\\nfor the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made.\\n15. Treaty of 1S42.\u00e2\u0080\u00941\\\\\\\\(: last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842\\nratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John\\nChambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians\\nceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim\\nor title. By the terms rf this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira-\\ntion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part\\nof them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163\\nSPANISH GRANTS.\\nWhile the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish\\nrule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land\\nwere made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment\\nof Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should\\nbe briefly reviewed.\\nDuhuque. On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French-\\nman, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands\\non the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of\\nDubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the\\nwife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque s claim embraced nearly all the lead\\nbearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and\\ncommenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became\\nknown as the Spanish Miners, or, more commonly, Dubuque s Lead\\nMines.\\nIn 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish\\nGovernor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might\\nbe granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition,\\nDubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as about\\nseven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in Avidth from the\\nriver, intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little\\nMaquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou-\\nsand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was\\nsubsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana.\\nIn October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to\\nAuguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau\\njointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of\\nSeptember, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be\\na regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October,\\n1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting.\\nDubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim\\nof Dubuque under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the\\ntract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to\\nthem, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by\\nthe military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the\\nCommissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du-\\nbuque claim thus held by the Indians Avas absorbed by the United States, as the\\nSacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832.\\nThe heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claim\\nwithout a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their\\ninterests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The\\nminers who commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to\\nabandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute\\nlegal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did\\nbring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the\\npurpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was\\nnon-suited.\\nBy act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur-\\nveyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers,\\nHenry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, Avho", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nheld land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery\\nof seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste\\nChoteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States\\nfor the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was\\ncarried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it\\nwas heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was\\naffirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease\\nor permit to work the mines that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana\\ngranted, nothing more than the peaceable possession of certain lands obtained\\nfrom the Indians that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant\\nas claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an inchoate and imperfect\\ntitle.\\nGriard. In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to\\nBasil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now\\nClayton County, known as the Giard Tract. He occupied the land during\\nthe time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United\\nStates, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of\\nthe same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H.\\nLockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars.\\nHonori. March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of\\nUpper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the\\npresent town of Montrose, as follows: It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson)\\nHenori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids\\nof the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be\\ngiven to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space\\nsufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it\\nuseful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and\\nkeep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty.\\nHonori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805.\\nWhile trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who\\nobtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was\\npurchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as\\nbeino; about six leagues above the River Des Moines. Robedoux died soon\\nafter he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of\\nthe Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time\\nHonori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government,\\nwas a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United\\nStates. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was\\nincluded, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the\\ntitle of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the\\nSupreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any\\nland in the State of Iowa.\\nTHE HALF-BREED TRACT.\\nBefore any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa,\\nwhite adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along\\nthe Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur\\nCompany, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing\\na race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertained. There\\nwere some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of\\nsome refinement and education. For instance Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165\\nat Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a\\nmilitary post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman,\\nand reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam-\\nples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and\\nthe race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa.\\nA treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and\\nFoxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved\\nto the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as The\\nHalf-Breed Tract. This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing\\nabout 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is\\nbounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri.\\nThis line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have\\ncaused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose but the surveyor who\\nrun it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded\\neastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more\\nto the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it\\nstruck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. This errone-\\nous line, says Judge Mason, has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the\\nnorthern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in detei-mining the northern boundary\\nline of the State of Missouri. The line thus run included in the reservation\\na portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present\\ntownships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and\\nJackson.\\nUnder the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil,\\nbut could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But\\non the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right\\nwas relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This\\nwas no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the\\nhalf-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few\\nquarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was\\na deal of sharp practice on both sides Indians would often claim ownership of\\nland by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed\\nblood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land\\nto which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often\\nclaimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond,\\nuntil at last tilings became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys,\\nand no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and\\nquarrels ensued.\\nTo settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for\\nthe benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory,\\napproved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David\\nBrigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these\\nobjects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars\\na day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the\\nnext session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat-\\ning all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The\\nrepealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against\\nthe owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis-\\ntrict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution\\nthe whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the\\ndeed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was\\nquestioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nand those holding under him were made by l)oth District and Supreme Courts,\\nbut in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme\\nCourt of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs.\\nHugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the\\njudgment titles were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were\\nbrought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the\\nfinal decision was obtained. These Avere the titles based on the decree of\\npartition issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa,\\non the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of\\nthat year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort\\nMadison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of\\nhalf-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who\\nwas then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests\\nin these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in\\nwhich it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre-\\nsided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares\\nand arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should\\nabide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the\\nlots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder s oflSce, October 6,\\n1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held.\\nEARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nThe first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was\\nmade by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set-\\ntled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his\\ndeath, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon-\\ntrose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed\\ninto other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is\\nknown, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement\\nof the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders,\\nalthough not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at\\nvarious points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur\\nCompany, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on trafliic with\\nthe Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In\\n1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six\\nmiles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set-\\ntlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville.\\nThe first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C.\\nMuir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort\\nEdwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk\\nnow stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char-\\nacter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had\\nmarried an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following\\nromantic account is given\\nThe post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden whose native\\nname, unfortunately, has not been preserved who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un-\\nmoor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured,\\naccording to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future\\nhusband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized\\nhim as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to\\nhim. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia s beauty, innocence and devo-\\ntion, the doctor honorably married her but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167\\nofficers less honorable than he, perhaps made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and\\nwhen his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the\\nopportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little\\ndreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in-\\ntrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a\\nlonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when\\nspeaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, When I got there\\nI was all perished away so thin The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her\\nto his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre-\\nsided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In\\n1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother\\nofficers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission.\\nAfter building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis\\nReynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he\\npracticed his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to\\nhim four children Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary\\nand Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition\\nthat it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and\\npenniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to\\nher people on the Upper Missouri.\\nMessrs. Reynolds Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir s claim at Keokuk,\\nsubsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with\\nhis family in 1828, and took possession of Muir s cabin. His brothers-in-law,\\nAmos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near.\\nHis daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831,\\nat the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk\\nnow stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa.\\nIn 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a\\nstation at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir\\nhaving returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and\\nbuildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and\\nhalf-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern\\npart of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the\\nnatives carried on a farm and kept a tavern.\\nDr. Muir died of cholera in 1832.\\nIn 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of\\nVermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du-\\nbuque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former\\nfrom as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object\\nof great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in\\nlead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was\\ntherefore eminently desirable.\\nIn 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross-\\ning the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim-\\nming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street\\nLevee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du-\\nbuque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil-\\nlage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re-\\nceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine\\nin their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con-\\nfidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior\\nfor three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as\\nguides, and traversed in diff erent directions the whole region lying between the\\nMaquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good\\nwill of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera-\\ntions, to be executed as soon as circumstances Avould permit.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nIn 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con-\\nsent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced\\nmining in the vicinity around Dubu(]ue.\\nAt this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the United States.\\nAlthough they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been\\nextinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State\\nor Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their\\nown law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case\\ndemanded. The first act resemblino; civil leirishition within the limits of the\\npresent State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They\\nmet on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at\\nwhat is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con-\\nsisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales,\\nand E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem-\\nbers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re-\\nported the following, written by j\\\\Ir. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un-\\nruled paper, the old log being the writing desk\\nWe, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by\\nwhich we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously\\nagree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with\\nthe following exceptions, to wit\\nArticle I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working\\nsaid ground one day in six.\\nArticle II. AVe further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners\\npresent, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli-\\ncation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so\\napplying.\\nThe report was accepted by the miners present, Avho elected Dr. Jarote, in\\naccordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla-\\nture elected by the people, the hnv drafted by it bemg submitted to the people\\nfor approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the\\nlimits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus\\nenacted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus\\nelected as duly respected, as any have been since.\\nThe miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own\\non the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a\\nlong time, and the new settlement attracted considera1)le attention. But the\\nwest side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov-\\nernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the\\nIndians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop\\nmining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders.\\nThe execution of this order Avas entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com-\\nmand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer\\nto the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to\\nremove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be\\ndriven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving\\nthe rich leads they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis-\\nposed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In\\ndue time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The\\nminers, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting tliree, recrossed the river, and\\nfrom the east bank saAv the troops land on the western shore. The tliree who\\nhad lingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape\\nEstablished by the Superintendent of V. S. Lead Mines at Fever River.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169\\nunmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to\\nprevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned,\\nand were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white\\noccupants.\\nIn June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the\\nannihilation of the very Indians Avhose rights they had been protecting on the\\nwest side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia-\\ntions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to\\nthe United States the tract known as the Black Hawk Purchase, the set-\\ntlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned\\nand took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared\\nlarge quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on\\nthe river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners\\nwere again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that\\nthe treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although\\nthey had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again\\nordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833,\\ntroops Avere again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose.\\nThis was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers.\\nThey were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It\\nmust now be said, simply, that red tape should be respected. The purchase\\nhad been made, the treaty ratified, or Avas sure to be the Indians had retired,\\nand, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this\\nrigorous action of the Government can be given.\\nBut the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey.\\nMany of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return a few, however,\\nremoved to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles,\\nin which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of\\ntheir labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty\\nwent into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang-\\nworthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand\\npounds of lead.\\nLieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col.\\nTaylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons\\nand other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on\\nthe part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly\\nrebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil-\\nson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only\\nwaiting for the time when they could repossess their claims.\\nJune 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into eifect, the troops were withdrawn,\\nand the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed\\npossession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the\\nfirst permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P.\\nSheldon Avas appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a\\nsystem of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that\\nwhich had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas\\nand Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the\\nminers assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and\\nenforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to\\nsell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds\\nfor the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government.\\nThis was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nIllinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10\\nper cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much clissatisfiiction among\\nthe miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They\\nthought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way\\nfor civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern-\\nment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could\\nbetter afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop-\\nular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished\\nin about ten years.\\nDuring 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun-\\ndred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them\\nfrom Galena.\\nIn the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house\\nin Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving\\nCity of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he\\nfirst landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small\\nschool house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices,\\nwherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every\\npart of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored\\nwith all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 18th of March, 1865,\\nwhile on a trip over the Dubuque Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello,\\nand the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains.\\nLucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and\\nmfluential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented\\nby many friends, in June, 1865.\\nThe name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting\\nheld in 1834.\\nIn 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose.\\nIn 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry\\nwas stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The\\nsoldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837.\\nDuring the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War,\\nZachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton,\\nSamuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort\\nMadison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel\\nKnapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots\\nwere sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United\\nStates Government.\\nAt the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently\\nlooking across upon Flint Hills, now Burlington, came over from Illinois\\nand made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who\\nerected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time,\\nDavid Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the\\nriver, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of\\nthat year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders\\nupon the rights of the Indians, and White s cabin was burnt by the soldiers.\\nHe retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon\\nas the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White\\nwas joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town\\nof Burlington in 1834.\\nAll along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking\\ninto Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171\\nber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the\\nthriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had\\nestablished a flatboat ferry, Avhich ran between the island and the main shore of\\nIowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi.\\nIn 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the\\nfoundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual\\nsettlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this\\npart of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli-\\ngan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White,\\nH. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and\\nDr. E. S. Barrows.\\nThe first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven-\\nport, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan-\\nder W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine\\nLeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu-\\npied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says\\nAntoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father\\nwas French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818,\\nhe acted as ofiicial interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock\\nIsland). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man\\nof strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter\\nof a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two\\nsections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at\\nDavenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also\\nreserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He\\nreceived the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black\\nHawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, ho bought for $100 a claim on the\\nland upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in\\n1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi-\\ntion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861.\\nIn Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832,\\non Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further\\nsettlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836.\\nIn that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in\\n1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first\\nsettlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti-\\nbone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D.\\nAbernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine.\\nDuring the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena,\\nbuilt the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some\\ntimber since known as Eads Grove.\\nThe first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H.\\nPrentice Avas appointed Postmaster.\\nThe first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as\\na very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and\\nthe Indians still remaining there.\\nThe first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on\\nthe 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that\\nyear.\\nThe first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834.\\nThe first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated\\nat Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThe first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners\\nin 1833.\\nThe first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer\\nof 1834.\\nThe first woman who came to this part of the Territory Avith a view to per-\\nmanent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832.\\nThe first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp,\\nin 1832.\\nThe first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at\\nDubuque, in 1834.\\nThe first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836.\\nJohn King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer.\\nThe pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and\\nenterprising people.\\nAs early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading\\npost, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as\\nMynster Spring, within the limits of the present city of Council Bluifs, and\\nhad probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of\\nthe American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or Hart s Bluff. In 1827,\\nan agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped\\nin the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad-\\nway, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the\\nbluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part\\nof the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to\\nKansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers\\nin that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons\\nunder the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted\\nfor the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five\\nmiles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had\\nreached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a\\ncrop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their\\njourney to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and\\nsettled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle-\\nment of this strange community was at a place first called Miller s Hollow,\\non Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of\\nPennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement\\nextended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and\\nwater furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was\\ninstalled as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State\\nremained under Mormon control for several A^ears. In 1846, they raised a bat-\\ntalion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde\\nstarted a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after\\nmany of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons\\nin this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they Avere not\\nall within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in\\n1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated\\nthat all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked\\nin, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone.\\nMay 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on\\nboard the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State,\\nDes Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River\\nto this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 173\\nCourt avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort\\nSanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time\\nthey, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its\\nconfluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the\\narrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river,\\nby two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio.\\nAmong the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B.\\nScott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander\\nTurner, Peter Newcomer, and others.\\nThe Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter-\\nprising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of\\nthe Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more\\nfertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy\\npeculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds\\nbeen pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence\\nand freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza-\\ntion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked\\nhigher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa,\\nwho came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship,\\nprivation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous\\ncommonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter\\nof people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri-\\ntory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise\\nstatesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial\\njurists to administer justice to her citizens her bar, pulpit and press have been\\nable and widely influential and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and\\nindustries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has\\ntaken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West.\\nTERRITORIAL HISTORY.\\nBy act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United\\nStates was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the\\nLouisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act\\nof the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was\\ndivided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third\\nparallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed\\nunder the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory.\\nIn 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov-\\nernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois,\\nand in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a\\nState, March 2, 1821, Iowa, says Hon. C. C. Nourse, was left a political\\norphan, until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk\\npurchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north\\nof the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory.\\nUp to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now\\nthe State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed\\nand a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834,\\nhowever, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the\\nwest side of the Mississippi River, viz. Dubuque and Des Moines, separated\\nby a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\npartially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque\\nCounty, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two\\nAssociate Justices, in each county, Avere appointed by the Governor.\\nOn the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi-\\nzen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan\\nTerritory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones,\\nCongress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into\\noperation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in\\nTHE TERRITORY OF AVISCONSIN,\\nof which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre-\\ntary of the Territory Charles Dunn, Chief Justice; David Invin and William\\nC. Frazer, Associate Justices.\\nSeptember 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory\\nto be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the\\ncounties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two\\ncounties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House\\nof Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be\\nheld on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members\\nof the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two\\ncounties in the Black Hawk purchase\\nDubuque County. Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc-\\nCraney. House: Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick\\nQuigley, Hosea T. Camp.\\nDes Moines County. Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas,\\nArthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins,\\nJohn Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance.\\nThe first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon-\\nsin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T.\\nBaird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of\\nthe House. It adjourned December 9, 1836.\\nThe second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837.\\nAdjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington com-\\nmenced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838.\\nDuring the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836,\\nthe county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry,\\nMuscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined\\ntheir boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in\\nDubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette,\\nDelaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun-\\ndaries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years\\nafterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa.\\nThe question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then\\na part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of\\n1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur-\\nlington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a\\nTerritory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis-\\nconsin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then\\nin session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of\\nDubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was\\nDelegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and\\nsuccessfully, that An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175\\nlish the Territorial Government of Iowa, was approved June 12, 1838, to take\\neffect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced\\nall that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis-\\nsissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or\\nsources of the Mississippi to the territorial line. The organic act provided\\nfor a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary,\\nChief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should\\nserve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and\\nconsent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white\\nmale inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age,\\nof a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council,\\nto consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated ^5,000 for a public library,\\nand $20,000 for the erection of public buildings.\\nPresident Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be\\nthe first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh,\\nwas appointed Secretary of the Territory Charles Mason, of Burlington,\\nChief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of\\nPennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Su|)reme and District Courts; Mr. Van\\nAllen, of New York, Attorney Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal Au\\ngustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mo-\\nKnight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District\\nAttorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charleti\\nWeston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also\\ndied at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jameii\\nClarke, editor of the Crazette, was appointed to succeed him.\\nImmediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tht;\\nelection of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL\\nof September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and\\nappointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to bo\\nelected, at Burlington.\\nThe first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at\\nBurlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members\\nCouncil. Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram,^\\nRobert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M\\nClark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W, Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen\\nHempstead.\\nHouse. William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James\\nBrierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes,\\nGeorge Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,\\nWilliam G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson,\\nWilliam L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel\\nSummers,t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas\\nCox and Hardin Nowlin.\\nNotwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the\\nLegislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County,\\nwas elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of\\nHenry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives the former unani-\\nmously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics\\nCyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Des Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington\\nbefore the meeting of the Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy.\\nt Samuel R. Murray was returned aa elected from Clinton County, but his seat was successfully contested by\\nBurchard.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nwere little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the\\nPresidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn.\\nAt the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con-\\ngressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. William\\nW. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County B. F. Wallace, of\\nHenry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected,\\nreceiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle.\\nThe first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit-\\ning one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited\\nveto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the\\nindependent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule,\\nand the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis-\\nlative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839,\\namended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the\\ntwo-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriflfs and Magistrates.\\nAmong the first important matters demanding attention was the location of\\nthe seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for\\nwhich Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message,\\nhad recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a\\ncentral location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or\\nthought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis-\\nsippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some\\ncentral point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location\\nsupported the Governor s suggestion. The southern members were divided\\nbetween Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the\\nproper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties\\nwere very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The\\ncentral party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act\\nwas passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County John Ronalds,\\nof Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners,\\nto select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John-\\nson County.\\nJohnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of\\nWisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the\\nspecial session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July\\n4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future\\nIowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily.\\nThen there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The\\nTerritory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions east, by\\nthe Mississippi River to its source thence by a line drawn due north to the\\nnorthern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west,\\nby the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un-\\ndisputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as\\nthe Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the\\ngeographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical\\ncenter of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line\\nbetween the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the\\ntreaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits.\\nThe Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640\\nacres into a toAvn, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect\\npublic buildings thereon. Congress having granted a section of land to be\\nselected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177\\nleon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town-\\nship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi-\\nately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took place August\\n16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the\\ngeographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated\\ngrounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is\\nlocated in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, wdiich\\nassembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to\\nadopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should\\nnot exceed ^51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater\\nexpenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed\\nand drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July,\\n1840, the corner stone of tlie edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies.\\nSamuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the\\naddress on that occasion.\\nWhen the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13,\\n1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa\\nCity, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author-\\nizing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, tlie\\nunsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was\\nobtained under the act.\\nTHE BOUNDARY QUESTION.\\nThe boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri\\nwas a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from\\ntaxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the\\nboundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed\\na line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis-\\nsouri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the\\nparallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River.\\nThe lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des\\nMoines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or the\\nrapids of the Des Moines River. The Missourians (evidently not well versed\\nin history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from\\nthe rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from\\nIowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her\\nnorthern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the\\ndisputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by\\ndistraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were\\nnot disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs\\nof Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of\\nMissouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the ofiicers of\\nMissouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made\\nactive preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and\\n500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend\\nthe integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington,\\nGen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to\\nMissouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment\\nof the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners\\nof Clarke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes,\\nand that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengejsto the Governor of Iowa proposing", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nto submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the\\nfinal settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but\\nafterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti-\\ntuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision,\\nWilliam G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed\\nCommissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks\\nthat the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by\\nthe United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots Avho furnished\\nsupplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle.\\nThe first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on\\nwhich has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union.\\nIts first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by\\nproviding that no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries\\nduring the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage. This prin-\\nciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman\\nhas full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot.\\nReligious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded,\\nthe rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the\\npurity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption.\\nThe judiciary power Avas vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate\\nCourt, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and\\nintestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable\\nby death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free\\nschools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was\\nmade for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi-\\nzation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the\\nforms of civil govenmient.\\nBy act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased\\nof the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque\\nand Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, Avhich\\ngreatly aided the settlers, Avho Avere noAV coming in by thousands, to make their\\nhomes on the fertile prairies of loAva the Beautiful Land. The fame of the\\ncountry had spread far and wide even before the Indian title was extinguished,\\nmany Avere crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their\\nclaims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As\\nsoon as the country Avas open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk\\nPurchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and\\nout over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged Avith eager land\\nhunters and immigrants, seeking homes in loAva. It Avas a sight to delight the\\neyes of all comers from every land its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque\\nhills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could\\nreach, Avith a soil surpassing in richness anything Avhich they had ever seen. It\\nis not to be Avondered at that immigration into Iowa Avas rapid, and that AA^ithin\\nless than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred\\nand fifty thousand people.\\nAs rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners\\nremoved, the resistless tide of emigration flowed Avestward. The following extract\\nfrom Judge Nourse s Centennial Address shoAvs hoAV the immigrants gathered\\non the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier\\nIn obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States\\nmade another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the\\nremaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179\\npossession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the\\nceded territory west of a line running; north and south through Redrock, vintil October 11, 1845.\\nThese tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As\\nsoon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to\\nIowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait-\\ning for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the\\nline, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The\\ncountry beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had\\npi evented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever.\\nTo aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed\\npiles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve\\no clock of the night of the 30th of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived,\\nit was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa-\\ntion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of\\ncurves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys,\\nnumerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between\\nmidnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had\\nsettled on their new purchase.\\nWhile this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive\\nand melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet,\\nwho had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great\\nSpirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for\\nthe crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian\\ncamp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears and Avhen their cavalcade was\\nput in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the\\nentire procession.\\nThe Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through\\nRedrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon\\nFork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the\\nred man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before\\ndescribed was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the New\\nPurchase. The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen-\\neral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was\\nextinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at\\npublic auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase\\npublic lands could not be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not\\nsold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good\\nfaith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per\\nacre. The claim laws were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the\\neternal fitness of things, and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural\\nrights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration.\\nThe settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers,\\nand adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man s claim was duly ascertained and\\nrecorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the\\nlands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty\\nand bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to\\ntrouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order\\nand regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable,\\nthe Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these claims upon the public lands, and\\nin 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup-\\nport a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, d. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court\\nheld this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con-\\ntains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that\\nspirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct\\nline of descent from the said Anglo-Saxons. But the early settler was not always able to pay\\neven this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land.\\nMany of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and\\ncourage and their family jewels, the pledges of love, and the consumers of\\nbread. It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State,\\nand the beautiful prairies, the noble streams, and all that sort of poetic\\nimagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged.\\nAn old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days,\\nsays\\nWell do the old settlers of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840.\\nThose were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nbroken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of 3 outh,\\nwe severed and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often hung our harps\\non the willows.\\nAnother, from another part of the State, testifies\\nThere was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00\\nper thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist\\nChurch at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part\\nof which I never collected, and upon which I only received |.50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled\\n100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37i cents per bushel.\\nAnother old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says\\nLand and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats\\ncould be bought for six or ten cents a bushel pork, .00 per hundred and the best horse a\\nman could raise sold for |50.00. Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with\\nlegal processes, were common visitors at almost every man s door. These were indeed the times\\nthat tried men s souls.\\nA few, says Mr. Nourse, who were not equal to the trial, returned to\\ntheir old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders\\nof a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and\\nthe reward of their self-denial.\\nOn Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at\\nthe new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the\\nLegislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that\\npurpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of\\nPublic Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis-\\nsioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at\\n$83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for\\n$15,600.\\nDuring 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new\\nquarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the Old\\nCapitol Quarry, and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent\\nbuilding stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained,\\nand it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis-\\nlature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti-\\nmated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly\\n$6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large\\nsum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep-\\nancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were\\nconstantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000\\nand the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners Bank, of Dubuque, all the\\nfunds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city\\nlots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from\\nscrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots\\nwhen they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for\\nbills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To\\nmeet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for\\nwhich he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft,\\namounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash\\nactually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements\\namounted to very nearly $24,000.\\nWith such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very\\naccurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have\\nbeen prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181\\nIowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of\\nGovernor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers, and James Clarke.\\nSTATE ORGANIZATION.\\nBy an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12,\\n1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for\\nthe election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was\\nsubmitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April\\nfollowing. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates\\nelected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844.\\nOn the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and\\nadopted the first State Constitution.\\nThe President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to\\ntransmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be\\nby him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro-\\nvided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that\\nmight be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval\\nor rejection, at the township election in April, 1845.\\nThe boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol-\\nlows\\nBeginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the\\nDes Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel\\nthereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John\\nC. Sullivan, in the year 1816 thence westwardly along said line to the old northwest corner\\nof Missouri; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River; thence\\nup in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or\\nCalumet River thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River,\\nwhere the Watonwan River according to Nicollet s map enters the same; thence down the\\nmiddle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi\\nRiver; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.\\nThese boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3,\\n1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people\\naccepted the act, bounded as follows\\nBeginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence\\nby the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of\\nthe Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where\\nit is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian\\nof Washington City thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri;\\nthence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des\\nMoines River thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning.\\nThese boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern\\nboundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would\\nhave deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The\\nwestern boundary Avould have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth\\nCounty. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel-\\ncome change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress\\nand rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of\\n7,656 to 7,235.\\nA second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day\\nof May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same mon th another Constitution for the\\nnew State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people\\nfor ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted 9,492\\nvotes were cast for the Constitution, and 9,036 against the Constitution.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThe Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved\\nDecember 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American\\nUnion.\\nPrior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held\\nan election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected\\nOresel Briggs, Governor Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State Joseph T.\\nFales, Auditor Morgan Reno, Treasurer and members of the Senate and\\nHouse of Representatives.\\nAt this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with\\na population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push-\\ning toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there.\\nThe first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen\\nSenators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30,\\n1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union.\\nAt the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported\\nthat the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from\\nstorms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete\\nit, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly\\nresponded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings.\\nAt the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The\\nwestern boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward\\nthe eastern and southern boundary of the State this was conceded. Congress\\nhad appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and\\ntoward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location\\nof the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State\\nUniversity, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of\\ndiscussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character.\\nIt provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to\\nmake a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and\\neligible site could be obtained to select the five sections of land donated by\\nCongress to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the\\nland so selected to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block.\\nHaving done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and\\nmake a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both\\nHouses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a\\nlaw. Soon after, by An act to locate and establish a State University,\\napproved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City,\\ntogether with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted\\nfor the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General\\nAssembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law.\\nThe Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four\\nsections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in\\nwhat is noAV Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview Township, in the\\nsouthern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City\\nand Monroe, on the Keokuk Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally\\nthrough them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of\\nlots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were\\nnot considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth)\\namounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the\\nCommissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made\\na report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca-\\ntion was generally condemned.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183\\nWhen the report of the Commissioners, shoAving this brilliant financial ope-\\nration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and\\nwhile it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as\\nthe eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee\\nof Five, with instructions to report how much of said city of Monroe was under\\nwater and how much Avas burned. The report was referred, without the\\ninstructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government.\\nBy an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been\\nmade was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas-\\ners of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern-\\nment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building\\nand grounds by the University.\\nAt the same session, |3,000 more were appropriated for completing the\\nState building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854\\n$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost\\n$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but\\nprincipally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City.\\nBut the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was\\nnot settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to\\nBella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the\\nmajority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its\\nthird reading.\\nAt the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the\\nremoval of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote,\\nwas just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the eflFort was more\\nsuccessful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital\\nwithin two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint-\\nment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected\\nin 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated\\nto the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of\\ncitizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at\\na nominal rent.\\nThe third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State\\nassembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by\\nthis convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857^\\nwhen it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 for to 38,681\\nagainst, and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla-\\nmation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa.\\nAdvised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on\\nthe 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation,\\ndeclaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa.\\nThe removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con-\\ntinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude there\\nwas not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually\\ndisagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties\\nand it was not until December, that the last of the effects the safe of the State\\nTreasurer, loaded on two large bob-sleds drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de-\\nposited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this\\npassage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber,\\nthe safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money,\\nmostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of\\nthe State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nConstitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange,\\nthe old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the\\nrooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi-\\nate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution.\\nDes Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the\\nfundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the\\nseventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used\\nfor governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate\\nfor tlie purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new,\\nlarge and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General\\nAssembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board\\nof Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel\\nMerrill, ex officio, President Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs James F.\\nWilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine\\nJames 0. Crosby, Gainsville Charles Dudley, Agency City John N. Dewey,\\nDes Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines,\\nSecretary.\\nThe act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the\\nbest material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most\\napproved manner should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State\\nofficers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the\\nState Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and\\nshould be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first\\nappropriated was $150,000 and the law provided that no contract should be\\nmade, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the\\nState for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn\\nand plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane Piquenard, architects,\\nwhich were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor-\\nner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present\\nvalue of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000.\\nFrom 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern\\npart of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon\\nthe settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of\\nmilitia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish tlie\\nmurderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled\\nwhen they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted\\nto protect the settlers.\\nThe year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the\\nChicago k Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the\\nMississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad\\nbridge, that was to be the first to span the Father of Waters, w as laid with\\nappropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter-\\nprise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful\\neffort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis\\nrepented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example.\\nOn the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City.\\nIn the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis-\\nsippi one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque and these were\\nbeing extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad\\nhad been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav-\\ning eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the\\nUnited States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n185\\nrailroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the\\nproposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July\\nof this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed\\nto complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had\\nincreased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a\\nrailroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and\\ncenter of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent,\\nbegan to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as\\nif by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed\\nin developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us,\\nor if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and\\nbarns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the\\nspirit of speculation ruled the hour.\\nIn the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of\\nthe railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in\\nthe interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad\\ncompanies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous\\ncounty and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities\\ntried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit-\\nation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these\\nbonds to be valid and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county\\nauthorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid\\neven yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely\\nremoved\\nThe first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan-\\nuary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not\\na mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765\\nmiles in successful operation.\\nGROWTH AND PROGRESS.\\nWhen Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of\\nthat portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531.\\nThe Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected\\nby the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial\\nLegislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the\\npopulation had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased\\nto ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following\\ntable will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa\\nTerritory\\nYear.\\nPopulation. Year.\\n1838 22,589\\n1840 43,115\\n1844 75,152\\n1846 97,588\\n1847 116,651\\n1849 152,988\\n1850 191,982\\n1851 204,774\\nPopulation.\\n1852 230,713\\n1854 326,013\\n1856 519.055\\n1859 638,775\\n1860 674,913\\n1863 701,732\\n1865 754,699\\n1867 902,040\\nThe most populous county in the State is Dubuqne. Not only in popula,-\\ntion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has\\nIowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but\\nbeautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ-\\nilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize\\nthe older States.\\nYear. Population.\\n1869 1,040,819\\n1870 1,191,727\\n1873 1,251,333\\n1875 1,366,000\\n18-76\\n1877", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThriving cities and towns dot its fair surface an iron net-work of thou-\\nsands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ten thousand school\\nhouses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught\\nthe rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people;\\nhigh schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State\\nmanufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities\\nand towns.\\nWhether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as\\na Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur-\\npassed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth\\nand, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of\\nmineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty-\\nloving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the\\nfuture of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her\\npresent citizens.\\nLooking upon Iowa as she is to-day populous, prosperous and happy it\\nis hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white\\nsettlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was\\nonly twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub-\\nlican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put\\nupon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible\\nmineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the Star of Empire\\nhad scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty\\nempire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as The\\nGreat American Desert.\\nNow, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five\\nmillions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread\\nAmerican soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of\\nMexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to\\nthe golden shores of the Pacific.\\nTHE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM.\\nAmes, Story County.\\nThe Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by au act\\nof the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was\\nappointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane\\nWilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W.\\nF. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day\\nthe Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem-\\nbers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board\\nmet in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and\\nFarm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson and Tama\\nCounties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens\\nand by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site\\nfor the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were\\nerected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the\\nendowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres\\nwere located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett\\nwas appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem-\\nbly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 18T\\nIn June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster,\\nPeter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne,\\nof Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build-\\ning, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The ^20,000\\nappropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun-\\ndations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation\\nof $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868.\\nTuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State\\nover sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre-\\nvious to thfeir admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition\\nfor three scholars from each county the remainder, equal to the capacity of the\\ncollege, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the\\npopulation, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or\\nbeer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college,\\nexcept for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes.\\nThe course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following\\nbranches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing,\\nForestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology,\\nEntomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur-\\nveying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as* are directly connected\\nwith agriculture also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time\\nprescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution.\\nThe funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest-\\nments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies\\nare maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is\\nalso an out-law called the ATA^ Chapter Omega.\\nThe Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa,\\nChairman Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City William B. Treadway,\\nSioux City Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire.\\nE. W. Starten, Secretary William D. Lucas, Treasurer.\\nBoard of Instruction. A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of\\nPsychology and Philosophy of Science Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of INlili-\\ntary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of\\nEnglish Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento-\\nmology A. Thompson, C. E,, Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of\\nWorkshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M.,\\nChemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd,\\nHorticulture; J. K. Macomber, Physics; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and\\nPolitical Economy Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in\\nFrench and Mathematics.\\nTHE STATE UNIVERSITY.\\nIowa City, Johnson County.\\nIn the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory\\nof the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared\\nthat in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, Schools and the means\\nof education shall forever be encouraged. By act of Congress, approved July\\n20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to set apart and re-\\nserve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to\\nwhich the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap-\\npropriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nand support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and\\nfor no other use or purpose whatever to be located in tracts of not less than an\\nentire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub-\\nlic land are authorized to be surveyed.\\nWilliam W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the\\nTreasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north\\nof Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the\\nTerritory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the\\nAssembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected\\nthe remainder of the grant except about 122 acres.\\nIn the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the\\npeople directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac-\\ncordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon\\nas may be, effectual means for the improvement and peonanent security of the\\nfunds of the university derived from the lands.\\nThe first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established\\nthe State University of Iowa at Iowa City, then the capital of the State.\\nwith such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require.\\nThe public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which\\nthey are situated, were granted for the use of said university, iji ovided, how-\\never, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the\\ncapitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the\\nUniversity were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the\\nLegislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent\\nof Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made\\nfor the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds\\narising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be\\nunder the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever, and as\\nsoon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to ^2,000 a year, the\\nUniversity should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty\\nstudents annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the\\nUniversity, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it\\nby the State.\\nSection 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas\\nSnyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H.\\nGower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theoiore S. Parvin, George\\nAtchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of\\nTrustees.\\nThe organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how-\\never, so long as the seat of government was retained there.\\nIn January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal\\nSchools were established. The branches were located one at Fairfield, and\\nthe other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to\\nfunds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City.\\nThis act, says Col. Benton, created three State Universities, Avith equal\\nrights and powers, instead of a University with such branches as public conven-\\nience may hereafter demand, as provided by the Constitution.\\nThe Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris-\\ntine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and\\nSamuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected\\nPresident, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres\\nof land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189\\nThis building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt\\nmore substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This\\nbranch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund,\\nand by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen-\\neral Assembly terminated its relation to the State.\\nThe branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent\\nof Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson,\\nMichael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as\\nTrustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal.\\nThe Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount\\nPleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to\\nbe appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive ^500 annu-\\nally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed-\\nucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens\\nshould contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings.\\nThe several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was\\norganized Nov. 21, 1819; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist-\\nant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was\\nnever completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This\\nschool was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge\\nof Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in\\n1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized.\\nNeither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in\\n1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and\\nAndrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from\\nthe University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to\\ncontinue in operation.\\nAt a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850,\\nthe College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi, established\\nat Davenport, was recognized as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of\\nthe State University of Iowa, expressly stipulating, however, that such recog-\\nnition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was\\nthe Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical\\nAssociation. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses-\\nsion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly\\nconfirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855,\\nplaced the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of\\nthe University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi-\\nnated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857.\\nFrom 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec-\\ntions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was\\nno effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially\\nopened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany,\\nN. Y., Avas elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The\\nUniversity was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation\\nuntil June,- 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and\\nGuffin.\\nIn the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines;\\nbut there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated\\nby the State until December, 1857.\\nIn June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the\\nUniversity was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThere were one hundred and twenty-four students eighty-three males and\\nforty-one females in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular\\ncatalogue was published.\\nAt a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de-\\ngree of Bachelor of Arts was conferrei on D. Franklin Wells. This was the\\nfirst degree conferred by the Board.\\nArticle IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force\\nSeptember 3, 1857, provided as follows\\nThe State Universitv shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place\\nand the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other.\\nArticle XI, Section 8, provided that\\nThe seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city\\nof Des Moines, in the county of Polk and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of\\nJohnson.\\nThe new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the\\nLieutenant Governor, who was ex officio President, and one member to be elected\\nfrom each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with\\nfull power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula-\\ntions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions, subject\\nto alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested\\nwith authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863.\\nIn December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of\\nthe University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court,\\nand the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees,\\nand became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage,\\nand its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs\\nand changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur-\\nposes.\\nThe last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January,\\n1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered,\\nto exclude females from the University but it finally failed.\\nMarch 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted\\na new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially diflFerent from\\nthe former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re-\\npair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection\\nof a boarding house, now known as South Hall.\\nThe Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized\\nApril 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its\\nfund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should\\nbe ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the Mechan-\\nics Academy had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan-\\ncellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close\\nof the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso-\\nlution Avas adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the\\nexisting term but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them\\nto the Normal Department.\\nAt the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of\\nScience was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con-\\nferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem-\\nbers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows Levi\\nP. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney\\nand Sylvia M. Thompson.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191\\nAn Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of\\nIowa, approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of\\nMarch 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and\\nmanner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be\\nadmitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board\\nno discretion in the matter.\\nThe new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con-\\ntinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it\\nwas unwise to re-open the University at that time but at the annual meeting\\nof the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal\\nDepartment in operation and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was\\ndecided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned\\nas Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected\\nPresident, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860.\\nAt the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and\\nthe University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860\\n(third Wednesday) and at this date the actual existence of the University may\\nbe said to commence.\\nAugust 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof Oliver M. Spencer\\nwas elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred\\nupon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk.\\nAt the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in\\nthe Collegiate Department.\\nThe Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of\\nSuperintendent of Public Instruction was restored the General Assembly\\nresumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap-\\nproved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as\\nthe former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of\\nthe Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction\\nhad been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education,\\nthe University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President.\\nPresident Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for\\nfifteen months, to visit Europe and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected\\nPresident pro tern.\\nThe North Hall was completed late in 1866.\\nAt the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer\\n(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President jjro\\ntern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash-\\nington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered\\nupon his duties in September, 1868.\\nThe Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol-\\nlowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines,\\nwhicli had been in successful operation for three years, under the management\\nof Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by\\nwhich that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De-\\npartment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the\\nPresident of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and\\nPrincipal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole.\\nNine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during\\nthe year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department.\\nAt a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com-\\nmittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\npartment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the\\nFaculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and\\nrecommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the\\ncommencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon.\\nEzekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University.\\nBy an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the Board\\nof Regents was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since\\nthat time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of\\nRegents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected\\nSecretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer.\\nDr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the\\nBoard, held August 18, 1870, to take eflfect on the 1st of December following.\\nHis resignation was accepted.\\nThe South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the\\nMedical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March,\\n1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students.\\nMarch 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer-\\nsity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form-\\nally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861.\\nIn June, 1874, the Chair of Military Instruction was established, and\\nthe President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform\\nits duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil-\\nlery, U. S. A., was detailed as Professor of Military Science and Tactics,\\nat Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874,\\nwho reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck\\nwas relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877.\\nTreasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected\\nin his stead.\\nAt the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was\\nestablished.\\nIn March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of\\nthe State with the University.\\nIn June, 1877, Dr. Thacher s connection with the University was termi-\\nnated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres-\\nident.\\nIn 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc-\\ntion was abolished but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of\\nthe officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878\\nTRUSTEES OR REGENTS.\\nPRESIDENTS.\\nFROM TO\\nJames Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848\\nThomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854\\nJames D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857\\nMaturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858\\nAmos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859\\nThomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 18(13\\nFrancis Springer 1863 1864\\nWilliam M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1808\\nSamuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872\\nCyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876\\nSamuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1S76 1877\\nJoshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878\\nJohn H. Gear 1878", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 19S\\nVICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO\\nSilas Foster T.. 1847 1851\\nRobert Lucas 1851 1853\\nEdward Connelly 1854 1855\\nMoses J. Morsman 1855 1858\\nSECRETARIES.\\nHugh D. Downey 1847 1851\\nAnson Hart 1851 1857\\nElijah Sells 1857 1858\\nAnson Hart 1858 1864\\nWilliam J. Haddock 1864\\nTREASURERS.\\nMorgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850\\nIsrael Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852\\nMartin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855\\nHenry W. Lathrop 1855 1862\\nWilliam Crum 1862 1868\\nEzekiel Clark 1868 1876\\nJohn N. Coldren 1876\\nPRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.\\nAmos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858\\nSilas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862\\nOliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867\\nJames Black, D. D 1868 1870\\nGeorge Thacher, D. D 1871 1877\\nC. W. Slagle 1877\\nThe present educational corps of the University consists of the President,\\nnine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors\\nin Military Science Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the\\nLaw Department eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy Prosector of\\nSurgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in\\nthe Homoeopathic Medical Department.\\nSTATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.\\nBy act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His-\\ntorical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the\\ncommencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting,\\nembodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets,\\ncharts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus-\\ntrative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from\\noblivion the memory of the early pioneers to obtain and preserve various\\naccounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures to secure facts and\\nstatements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the\\nIndian tribes of Iowa to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present\\nresources of the State to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society\\nas shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest to aid in binding\\nits books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary\\nincidental expenses of the Society.\\nThere was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly\\nshall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the\\nmanagement of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of\\nwhom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the\\nSociety. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nmeeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding\\nthe last Wednesday in June of each year.\\nThe State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec-\\ntions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a\\nlarge number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under\\nthe title of Annals of Iowa.\\nTHE PENITENTIARY.\\nLocated at Fort Madison, Lee County.\\nThe first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in\\nIowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the\\nGovernor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap-\\nproved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided\\nfor a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should\\ndirect the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile\\nof the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort\\nMadison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign\\nthem, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary.\\nTo the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Warden the latter\\nto appoint his own assistants.\\nThe first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They\\nmade their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi-\\nzens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of\\nland for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the\\nbuilding June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con-\\ntai|i one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90.\\nIt was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 the main building and Warden s house\\nwere completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to\\ntime till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan\\nof the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary\\nfor more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex-\\nperience in prison management have been gained.\\nIt has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are\\ncalled the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best\\nsubserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera-\\ntion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved,\\nbut Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat-\\nment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The\\nlabor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United\\nStates, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount\\ntherefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the\\nsupervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison.\\nWhile this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it\\nstill falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will\\ntreat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness\\nin the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis-\\nposing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into\\ncompetition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the\\nState, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of\\nthe future.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195\\nIt is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live\\nin idleness at public expense. Honest men labor why should not they? Hon-\\nest men are entitled to the fruits of their toil why should not the convict as\\nwell The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The\\nState deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him\\nfor violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the\\ncriminal by confiscating his earnings because it deprives his family of what\\njustly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand\\nthat the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is\\nas justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and\\nhis family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion\\nof them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should\\nbe set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of\\nimprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat\\nPharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with\\nno resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, The Beautiful Land,\\nbe first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor keep\\ntheir children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them\\nto become good citizens when they return to the busy world again.\\nADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY.\\nLocated at Anamosa, Jones County.\\nBy an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872,\\nWilliam lire, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis-\\nsioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional\\nPenitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of\\nthe following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by\\nthe citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster Co., architects, of\\nDes Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was\\ncommenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13,\\n1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison\\nPenitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of\\n663 feet.\\nIOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.\\nMount Pleasant, Henry County.\\nBy an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855,\\n$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building\\nan Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee\\nCounty, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the\\ninstitution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission-\\ners located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a\\nbuilding designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa-\\nchusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin-\\ntendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an\\nappropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67\\nto this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by\\npatients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi-\\ndent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nMcGuwin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua\\nJohn B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D.,\\nof Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant\\nPhysician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron.\\nThe Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients\\nwere admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became\\nSuperintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was\\ndestroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October,\\n1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged\\nrecovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died\\ntotal discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were\\n1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered domestic duties\\n122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses: and 25, servants.\\nAmong the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39\\ncabinet makers, 23 brew^ers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe-\\nmakers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers,\\n7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro-\\nducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26.\\nTrustees, 1877 :\u00e2\u0080\u0094T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott,\\nSecretary, Mt. Pleasant; William C. Evans, West Liberty; L. E. Fellows,\\nLansing and Samuel Klein, Keokuk Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant.\\nResident Officers: Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M.\\nBassett, M. D., First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant\\nPhysician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician J. W. Hender-\\nson, Steward Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron Rev. Milton Sutton,\\nChaplain.\\nHOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.\\nIndependence, Buchanan County.\\nIn the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the\\nInsane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was\\nmade for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County E. G. Morgan,\\nof Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed\\nCommissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark\\ndied about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen-\\ndence, was appointed to fill the vacancy.\\nThe Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of\\nJune, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed\\nrequired them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than\\n320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be oflFered\\nby the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered,\\nbut the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter of\\nSection 5 the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 the north half of\\nnorthwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec-\\ntion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian.\\nThis location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile\\nfrom its banks, and about the same distance from Independence.\\nCol. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans,\\nspecifications and drawings of the building, Avhich, when completed, Avere sub-\\nmitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant,\\nwho suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197\\nwas awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con-\\ntract was signed November 7, 18G8, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced\\nwork. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The\\nmain buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at\\nAnamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the\\nimmense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State.\\nIn 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called\\nthe first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These\\nTrustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T. W. Fawcett, C.\\nC. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board\\nwas organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L.\\nFisher, President; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas-\\nurer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern-\\nment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem-\\nber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever,\\nand Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was\\nelected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected\\nSuperintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn,\\nMatron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant\\nPhysician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873.\\nIn the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay Lundy,\\nof Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the\\ntwo first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250.\\nThe carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building Avas\\ncompleted during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by\\npatients in the Fall.\\nIn 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for\\noccupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878).\\nOctober 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital,\\nand it is now overcrowded.\\nThe Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows Maturin L.\\nFisher, President, Farmersburg John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen-\\ndence; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort\\nDodge Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont avid Stephen E. Robinson,\\nM. D., West Union.\\nRESIDENT OFFICERS.\\nAlbert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant\\nPhysician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron.\\nIOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND.\\nVinton, Benton County.\\nIn August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti-\\ntution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk.\\nBy act of the General Assembly, entitled An act to establish an Asylum\\nfor the Blind, approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the\\nState, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils\\nApril 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State.\\nThe first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President George W.\\nMcClary, Secretary; James H. Gower, Treasurer; Martin L. Morris, Stephen\\nHempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nSamuel Bacon, Principal T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah\\nK. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term.\\nIn his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name\\nshould be changed from Asylum for the Blind, to that of Institution for\\nthe Instruction of the Blind. This was done in 1855, when the General As-\\nsembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for\\neach pupil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge\\nof $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized\\nfrom the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for\\nthe expenses of the institution during Mr, Bacon s administration. Although\\nMr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and\\nhad founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician\\nhe had few superiors.\\nOn the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange-\\nments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town.\\nIn June of that yeai% a quarter section of land was donated for the College,\\nby John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the\\nerection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con-\\ntract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine Lovelace, for $10,420.\\nIn August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur-\\nniture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to.Vinton, and early in\\nOctober, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time.\\nRev. Orlando Clark was Principal.\\nIn August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla-\\nture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas.\\nChapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized\\nand made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as\\nPrincipal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed\\nAssistant Teachers Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron.\\nMr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was\\nappointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was\\nsucceeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron,\\nand was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1,\\n1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2,\\n1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877,\\nwhen the present incumbent. Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected.\\nTrustees, 1877-8. Jeremiah L. Gay, President S. H. Watson, Treasurer;\\nH. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis.\\nFaculty. Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. Matron, Mrs. Emeline\\nE. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill,\\nMrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat-\\ntice. Miss A. M. McCutcheon Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer.\\nThe Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed\\ntheir astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs\\nof the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended\\nyet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter\\ndisregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why\\n$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two\\nand a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou-\\nsand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars\\na year for each pupil.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199\\nINSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.\\nCouncil Bluffs, Pottawattomie County.\\nThe Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City\\nby an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number\\nof deaf mutes then in the State Avas 3U1 the number attending the Institution,\\n50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E.\\nSells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, William Crura, W. E.\\nIjams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board\\nappointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the\\nOhio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to\\nthe interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class\\nunder his charge.\\nA strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to\\nDes Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building\\nrented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for,\\nand to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature\\nappropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis-\\nsioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun-\\ncil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870,\\nand immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main\\nbuilding and east wing were destroyed by fire and August 6 following, the\\nroof of the new west wing was blown off and the Avails partially demolished by\\na tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in\\nattendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of\\nscholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or tAvo the school was in run-\\nning order.\\nThe Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of\\n1857-8 was not Avell pleased Avith the condition of affairs, and reported that the\\nbuilding (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful\\nworkmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management\\nwere very essential.\\nTrustees, 1877-8. Thomas Officer, President N. P. Dodge, Treasurer\\nPaul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell.\\nSuperintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick,\\nConrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel,\\nElla J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D. Steward,\\nN. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan.\\nSOLDIERS ORPHANS HOMES.\\nDavenport, Cedar Falls, Grlemvood.\\nThe movement AA hich culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in-\\nstitution was originated by Mrs, Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of\\n1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on\\nthe 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support\\nand education of the orphan children of the brave sons of loAva, Avhohad fallen\\nin defense of national honor and integrity. So great Avas the public interest in\\nthe movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State\\non the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or-\\nphan Asylum.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nThe first officers were President, William M. Stone Vice Presidents, Mrs.\\nG. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jchn R. Needhara, J. W.\\nCattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben Cor-\\nresponding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board\\nof Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb,\\nMrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields,\\nCaleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson.\\nThe first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre-\\nsentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General\\nAssembly Avere present and were invited to participate in their deliberations.\\nGov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected\\nwith the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds.\\nAt the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to\\ncommence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo-\\nkuk, Avas Cl\\\\airman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations,\\nand procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building\\nin Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as\\nSteward.\\nAt the annual meeting, in Des INIoines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin,\\nMrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George\\nSherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces-\\nsary steps for opening the Home, and notice was given that at the next\\nmeeting of the Association, a motion Avould be made to change the name of the\\nInstitution to loAva Orphans Home.\\nThe Avork of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 13th day\\nof July foUoAving, the Executive Committee announced that they Avere ready to\\nreceive the children. In three weeks tAventy-one were admitted, and the num-\\nber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time\\nof opening, there were seventy children admitted, and tAventy more applica-\\ntions, which the Committee had not acted upon all orphans of soldiers.\\nMiss M. Elliott, of Washington, Avas appointed Matron. She resigned,\\nin February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont\\nCounty.\\nThe Home was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people,\\nuntil 1866, when it Avas assumed by the State. In that year, the General\\nAssem bly provided for the location of several such Homes in the different\\ncounties, and which Avere established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls,\\nBlack HaAvk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County.\\nThe Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight\\nand management of the Soldiers Orphans Homes of the State, and consisted\\nof one person from each county in Avhich such Home was located, and one for\\nthe State at large, Avho held their office two years, or until their successors were\\nelected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan\\nactually supported Avas made by the General Assembly.\\nThe Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building\\nwas fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first\\nchildren received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in-\\nmates.\\nOctober 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about\\ntwo miles Avest of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but\\nin 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar\\nFalls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that jjurpose.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201\\nBy An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at\\nGlenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children, approved March 17,\\n1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers Orphans Home at that\\nplace were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15,\\n1876, the soldiers orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls,\\nwere to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter,\\nand the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent\\nchildren into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial\\npursuits.\\nSTATE NORMAL SCHOOL.\\nCedar Falls, Black Hawk County.\\nChapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab-\\nlished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required\\nthe Trustees of the Soldiers Orphans Home to turn over the property in their\\ncharge to the Directors of the new institution.\\nThe Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ-\\nized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President J. J. Toleston, Secretary,\\nand E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers Orphans\\nHome met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the\\nproperty of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted\\nfor as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected\\nPrincipal of the School.\\nOn the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and\\nteachers committees were appointed and their duties assigned, A Steward\\nand a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined.\\nThe buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro-\\npriation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876,\\ncommencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The\\nsecond term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during\\nthe third term.\\nThe following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty\\nBoard of Directors. H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term\\nexpires 1882 L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 W. A. Stow,\\nHamburg, Fremont County, 1878 S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County,\\n1880 E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 G. S. Robinson, Storm\\nLake, Buena Arista County, 1882.\\nBoard of Officers. J. J. Toleston, Secretary E. Townsend, Treasurer\\nWilliam Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron all of Cedar\\nFalls.\\nFaculty. J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professer of Mental and\\nMoral Philosophy and Didactics M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan-\\nguages and Natural Science D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics\\nMiss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History E. W. Burnham,\\nProfessor of Music.\\nASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN.\\nGlenwood., Mills County.\\nChapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved\\nMarch 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded\\nchildren at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA.\\nSoldiers Orphans Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The\\nasylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of\\nwhom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7\\nand 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup-\\nported by the State was appropriated by the act, and ^2,000 for salaries of\\nofficers and teachers for two years.\\nHon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and\\nW. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at\\nGlen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell,\\nTreasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm\\nwhich had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The\\nfences were broken doAvn and the lumber destroyed or carried away the win-\\ndows broken, doors oif their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme,\\ncellars reeking with ofiensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv-\\nable variety of filth and garbage drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump\\ndemoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst\\npossible condition. It was the first Avork of the Trustees to make the house\\ntenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request\\nof the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum,\\nvisited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much\\nassistance.\\n0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent,\\nand soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned.\\nMrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald,\\nTeacher.\\nThe Institution was opened September 1, 1876 the first pupil admitted\\nSeptember 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils,\\nwhich number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December\\n1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and\\nin the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed.\\nTHE REFORM SCHOOL.\\nEldora, Hardin County.\\nBy An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile\\nOflFenders, approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a\\nState Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County provided for a Board of\\nTrustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the\\npurpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept\\nthe proposition of the Trustees of White s Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at\\nSalem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the\\nInstitute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a\\ntemporary establishment.\\nThe contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark Haddock, Sep-\\ntember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was\\nreceived from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children\\nof both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they\\nare now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years.\\nApril 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location\\nfor the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary\\nbuildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to\\norganize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203.\\nThe Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code\\nof 1873, it is permanently located there by law.\\nThe institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no.\\ncompensation for their services.\\nThe object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age\\nof 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees\\nshall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and\\nmorality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age\\nand capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac-\\nturing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and\\ncapacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future\\nbenefit of the boys and girls.\\nA boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci-\\nplined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees,\\nuntil he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or\\nlegally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed,\\nor having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties\\nincurred by conviction of the off ense for which he or she was committed.\\nThis is one step in the right direction. In tlie future, however, still further\\nadvances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their\\nlabor, even while restrained for the public good, Avill be recognized.\\nFISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT.\\nNear Anamosa, Jones County.\\nThe Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed An act to provide for\\nthe appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of\\nFishways for the pi otection and propagation of Fish, also An act to provide\\nfor furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn. This act appro-\\npriated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first\\nact abov^e mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa,\\nWapello County B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of\\nBlack Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor.\\nThese Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the\\nelection of Mr. Evans, President Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent,\\nand Mr. Haines, Treasurer.\\nThe State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the\\nCommissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by\\nlaw. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island Pacific\\nRailroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans that part be-\\ntween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr.\\nShaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this\\nmeeting, the Superintendent Avas authorized to build a State Hatching House\\nto procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa hatch and\\nprepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters,\\nof the State.\\nIn compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work,\\nand in the Summer of 1874, erected a State Hatching House near Anamosa,\\n20x40 feet, two stories the second story being designed for a tenement the\\nfirst story being the hatching room. The hatching troughs are supplied\\nwith Avater from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam-\\neter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthe first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed\\nwithin the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass,\\n80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of\\nother species.\\nBy act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should\\nbe but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed,\\nand the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on\\nwhich the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa.\\nIn the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the\\nMississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of\\nsmall fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned\\ninto the Mississippi.\\nIn 1875-6, 583,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout\\nwere distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of\\nstocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the\\nspeckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were\\ndistributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly.\\nAt the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc-\\ncessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en-\\nthusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important\\nservice for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations.\\nThe Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the\\ncatching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each\\nyear. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period.\\nTHE PUBLIC LANDS.\\nThe grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes,\\nare as follows\\n1. The 500,000 Acre Grant.\\n2. Tlie 16th Section Grant.\\n3. The ISIortgage School Lands.\\n4. The University Grant.\\n5. The Saline Grant.\\n6. The Des Moines Elver Grant.\\n7. The Des Moines River School Landa.\\n8. The Swamp Land Grant.\\n9. The Railroad Grant.\\n10. The Agricultural College Grant.\\nI. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT.\\nWhen the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to\\n500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4,\\n1811, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land\\nfor internal improvements to each State admitted subsequently to the passage\\nof the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been\\ngranted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands\\nwere required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were\\ngranted.\\nThe Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together\\nwith all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of\\nschools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout\\nthe State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205\\na board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the\\nselection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until\\n1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superintendent of Public\\nInstruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with\\nexclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of\\nSchool Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in\\neach county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with\\nthe County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were\\nmade the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections but no\\nfurther provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April\\n3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands was committed to\\nthe Boards of Supervisors of the several counties.\\nII. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS.\\nBy the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there\\nwas granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where\\nthat section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools.\\nThe Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale\\nof these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The\\ncontrol and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners\\nof the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the\\nCounj;y Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the\\nsupervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861.\\nIII. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS.\\nThese do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands\\nthat have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid\\noff by tlie State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the\\nlaw regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund,\\npersons desiring loans from that fund arere(|uired to secure the payment thereof\\nwith interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two\\ngood sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be\\nsituated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by\\nthree appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was\\nmade the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board\\nof Supervisoi s at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of\\ntitle connected with the school fund, for examination.\\nWhen default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and\\nno arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of\\nSupervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to\\nsecure said fund; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school\\nfund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when\\nservice is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and\\nenforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any\\nsuch mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall,\\non behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the\\ninterests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall\\nbe held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fnnd. These lands\\nare known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including\\ndescription and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nIV. UNIVERSITY LANDS.\\nBy act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two\\n(^ntire townships was resei ved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support\\nf a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land\\nwas to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used\\nfor no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental\\nto that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant Avas renewed, and it\\nwas provided that the lands should be used solely for the purpose of such\\nuniversity, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe.\\nUnder this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the\\nTreasury, for the use of the State, the following lands\\nACRES.\\nIn the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49\\nIn the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20\\nIn the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81\\nIn the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20\\nIn the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24\\nTotal 45,957.94\\nThese lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University\\nlands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of\\nTrustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected\\nand located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036\\nacres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres.\\nV. SALINE LANDS.\\nBy act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was\\ngranted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve.\\nBy a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs\\nto the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each,\\nto be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of\\nthese lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support-\\ning a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the\\nsaline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In\\n1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of\\nthe State University. Tliese lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur,\\nLucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties.\\nVI. THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT.\\nBy act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made\\nfor the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows\\nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in\\nCongress assembled. That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the\\npurpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its\\nmouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections,\\nof the public lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri-\\nated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri-\\ntory by an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of\\nthe Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.\\nSec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed\\nor disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said\\nimprovement shall progress; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands\\nas shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov-\\nernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that\\none-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207\\nState may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount\\nexpended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the\\nfact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid.\\nSec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever\\nremain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll\\nor other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service\\npassing through or along the same Provided always, That it shall not be competent for the said\\nTerritory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than,\\nfor the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands.\\nSec. 4. And be it further enacted. That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted\\ninto the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become\\nthe property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other Provided\\nthe Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose. Approved\\nAug. 8, 1846.\\nBy joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9,\\n1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap-\\nproved February 24, 1847, entited An act creating the Board of Public\\nWorks, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River, the\\nLegislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and\\nTreasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2,\\n1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act\\ndefined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work\\nshould be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be\\nsold by the Board.\\nAgents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by odd\\nnumbers throughout the whole exten of the grant, and this selection was ap-\\nproved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion\\nas to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the\\nmouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks others held, as the\\nagents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the\\nhead waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General\\nLand Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that\\nthe State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des\\nMoines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of\\nIowa. Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon\\nForks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848,\\nsome of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th\\nof September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com-\\nmissioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the\\nState Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of\\nJanuary, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also\\nprotested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec-\\nretary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the\\nopinion that the grant extended the w^hole length of the Des Moines River in\\nIowa.\\nOn the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office\\ndirected the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City to with-\\nhold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles\\non each side of the Des Moines River abuve the Raccoon Forks. March 13,\\n1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary\\nof the Interior a list showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des\\nMoines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the\\nSecretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849, and on the 6th of April\\nfollowing, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of\\nSecretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\ngress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author-\\nities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the\\nmatter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr.\\nJohnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itself, it ex-\\ntended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub-\\nlished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler s cabinet was formed, the\\nquestion was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on\\nthe 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend\\nabove the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred\\nwith Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub-\\nject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State.\\nOctober 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General\\nLand Office to submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to\\nproceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the\\nState of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed,\\nor may hereafter be completed and returned. And on the following day, three\\nlists of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office.\\nThe lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and\\nall lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows\\nBy Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres.\\nMarch 10, 1852 143.908.37\\nBy Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43\\nDec. 30, 1858 12,813.51\\nTotal 271, 572.24 acres.\\nThe Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in\\ntheir report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of\\nlands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and\\nthose to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness\\nthen standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners\\nestimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000.\\nJanuary 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell\\nany or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than\\n$1,300,000.\\nOn the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec-\\ntion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission-\\ners, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement\\nfor $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des\\nMoines Navigation Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated\\nto the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the State had not\\nsold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im-\\nprovement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con-\\ntract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly.\\nBy an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of\\nthe Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate Avith the Des\\nMoines Navigation Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster\\nCounty which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands,\\nbut which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had,\\ntherefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its\\ncontract with the State.\\nMarch 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised\\nand the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided the it was limited to", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 20^\\nthe Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by\\nhim the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant\\nextended to the northern boundary of the State the State relinquished its\\nclaim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was\\nsupposed to be finally settled.\\nThe land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north-\\nern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption\\nand sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8,\\n1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to\\ntime sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des INIoines Navi-\\nigation Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve-\\nment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final\\nsale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of\\nwhich amount 58,830 acres Avere located above the Raccoon Fork. The last\\ncertificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853.\\nAfter June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company\\ncarried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement\\nprogressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the\\nCompany, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General\\nLand Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State\\nhad made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree-\\nments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the\\nCompany.\\nMarch 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting\\na proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com-\\npany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat\\nand materials named in the resolution and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858,\\nexecuted to the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company fourteen deeds\\nor patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were\\nintended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen-\\neral Government not previously sold; but, as if for the purpose of covering any\\ntract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of\\nconveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed,\\nby the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the\\nRaccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point.\\nBesides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual\\npurchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,-\\n571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State\\nby the Federal Government.\\nBy act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of\\nthe grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines Minnesota Railroad Company,\\nupon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des\\nMoines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in\\nsecurity for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams\\nat Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand\\ndollars worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand\\ndollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of\\nthe State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of\\nthe 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre-\\nsented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed,\\nclaims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had\\nbeen settled.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nAfter the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the\\noriginal grant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court\\nof the United States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the\\ngrant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above\\nthe Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void\\n(see 23 How., m).\\nThe State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority,\\naccording to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which\\nwas granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing\\nto the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts\\nof land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im-\\nproperly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is\\nnow held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa.\\nIn confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862,\\nCongress enacted\\nThat the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines\\nRiver, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec-\\ntions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon\\nFork and the northern boundary of said State such lands are to be held and applied in accord-\\nance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given\\nto the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines\\nMinnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of\\nthe State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released\\nby the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3,\\n18G1, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within\\nsaid State to be certified in lieu thereof; Frovidcl, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed\\nany portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid,\\nany lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the pi ovisions of this\\nact, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the pei son or persons, respect-\\nively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid.\\nThe grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint\\nresolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On\\nthe same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis-\\nsioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners\\nwere instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land\\nOffice. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and\\nwere not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil-\\nburne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of\\nApril, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres\\nfrom the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the\\nselections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts.\\nMany difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles,\\ngrew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty\\nof its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem-\\nbly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles\\nderived from the State. Especially Avas the determination to protect the actual\\nsettlers, who had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final\\nsettlement of the limits of the grant by Congress.\\nVII. THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS.\\nThese lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress\\nin 1841 including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of\\nthe State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General\\nLand Office February 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211\\n1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol-\\nman. School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school\\nlands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des\\nMoines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered\\nsections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that\\nact, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart\\nand approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the\\nDes Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General\\nLand Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified\\ncopy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior.\\nPrior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi-\\nvidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course,\\nkilled. For their relief, an act, approved April. 2, 1860, provided that, upon\\napplication and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw\\nfrom the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest,\\non the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli-\\ncations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate,\\n$949.53.\\nBy an act approved April T, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to\\nthe Dubuque Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion\\nof any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should\\nexecute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim first, to cer-\\ntain swamp lands second, to the l)es Moines River Lands sold by Tolman\\nthird, to certain other river lands. That act provided that the said company\\nshall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton\\nCounties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the\\nRegister of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out\\nand perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties\\ninterested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864.\\nThe company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb-\\nruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon\\nthem, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The\\nRegister of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General,\\ndecided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases\\nwhere contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining\\nuncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of\\nAugust, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company commenced a\\nsuit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of\\nsuch patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In\\nJanuary, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the\\ncourt an elaborate answer to plaintiffs petition, denying that the company had\\nany right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey s successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen-\\nter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868,\\nthe District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the\\nSupreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December,\\n1869.\\nVIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT.\\nBy an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and\\nother States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp\\nand overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the\\nseveral States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\ndoes not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des Moines River and some\\nof the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required\\na deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the\\nselections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be\\nlaboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith that she\\nhad selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred\\nher interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General\\nLand Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected\\nby the Agents of the State as swamp lands. Congress, by joint resolution\\nDec. 18, 185G, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result\\nof this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855,\\nimmediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that\\nsome portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons, j\\nSome time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter\\nparcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove tlicm to be dry. In\\nsuch cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers,\\nand if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the\\nclaim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits\\nwere bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would\\nconfidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica-\\ntions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessaiy that\\nCongress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic\\nscheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of\\nMarch 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis-\\nsioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma-\\ntion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department\\nin rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of IMay 15,\\n1856, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num-\\nbered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to\\nserious complications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended\\nnor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These Avere\\nalready disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to\\nreceive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the\\nState the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March\\n4j 1862, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly\\nan opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the\\nright of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from\\nthe Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same\\nopinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862,\\nexpressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any\\nintention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of\\nSept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela-\\ntion to these swamp lands.\\nIX. THE RAILROAD GRANT.\\nOne of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of\\ninternal improvement was that known as the Railroad Grant, by act of\\nCongress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for\\nthe purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the\\nMississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte\\nRiver from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213\\nCouncil Bluffs from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with\\nthe main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa thence\\non said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel\\nacross the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River from the city of Dubuque\\nto a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the\\nmouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com-\\npleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section\\nof land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of\\nsaid roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those\\nroads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre-\\nemption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to\\nselect a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within\\nfifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the L^nited States\\nAvithin six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the\\ndouble minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands\\nto become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public\\nsale at the increased price.\\nSection 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be\\ndisposed of by said State only in the manner following, tliat is to say that a*\\nquantity of land net exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said\\nroads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said\\nroads, may be sold and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the\\nSecretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads\\nis completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one\\nhundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous\\nmiles completed as aforesaid, and included Avithin a continuous length of twenty\\nmiles of each of such roads, may be sold and so from time to time until said\\nroads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten\\nyears, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the\\nUnited States.\\nAt a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July\\n14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to\\nthe several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective\\nroads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 and pro-\\nvided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five\\nmiles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 859, and\\nits entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the\\nState of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the\\ncompany so failing.\\nThe railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air\\nLine, accepted the several grants in accordance wnth the provisions of the above\\nact, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the\\nIowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids Missouri River Railroad\\nCompany, which accepted them.\\nBy act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque Sioux City Railroad Com-\\npany was re(|uired to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school\\nlands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension\\nof the time fixed for the completion of its road.\\nA careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special\\nreference to railroad compayiies. The lands were granted to the State, and the\\nact evidently contemplate the sale of them bi/ the State, and the appropriation\\nof the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nlimits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis-\\nposing of the lands.\\nLists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the\\nState by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3,\\n1854, entitled ^^An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in\\nfee of the lands ivhich have been or may he certified to them, these certified lists,\\nthe originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State\\nthe fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char-\\nacter contemplated by the terms of the act making the grant, and intended\\nto be granted thereby but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the\\ncharacter embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted\\nthereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null\\nand void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby.\\nThose certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in\\nnumber, viz.: For the Burlington Missouri River Railroad, nine for the\\nMississippi Missouri Railroad, 11 for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen\\nand for the Dubuque Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to\\nthe State were as follows\\nBurlington IVIissouri River R. R 287,( 05.34 acres.\\nMississippi Missouri River R. R 774,674.36\\nCedar Rapids Missouri River R. R 775,454.19\\nDubuque Sioux City R. R 1,226,558.32\\nA portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under\\nthe act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3,\\n1854, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to\\nthem as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the\\nrecords of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under\\nthe two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties\\nwere not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however,\\nprepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September\\n28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15,\\n1856, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been\\nrejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as\\nrailroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed\\nfor transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The\\ncourts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the\\nState, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally\\naccepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces-\\nsary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and\\npowers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were\\nby the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies in other\\nwords, that it Avas designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the\\ngrantees from Congress and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto\\nto the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July,\\n1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington Missouri River Rail-\\nroad Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers\\nthought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition\\nto the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced\\nGov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad\\nseal of the State. On the 9th of Noveml^er, 1859, the Governor thus certified\\nto them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December\\n27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215\\nlands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any\\ndesign of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July,\\n1856. The lists which were afterwai d furnished to the company were simply\\ncertified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the\\nState from the United States General Land Office, These subsequent lists\\nembraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land\\nGrant.\\nIt was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act\\nof the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the\\ngrant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the\\naccomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part\\nwith the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it\\nwas not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con-\\ntrol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them\\nand the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition-\\nally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to\\ncomplete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen-\\neral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con-\\ngress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper\\nconstruction of the act of July 14, 1856, Avhen accepted by the companies, was\\nthat it became a co7iditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the\\nlands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby\\nbecame authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them.\\nThis appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub-\\nsequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the\\nterms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the\\ncompanies and the State.\\nThe ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport\\nCouncil Bluffs Railroad to modify or change the location of the uncompleted\\nportion of its line, to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as\\nnearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the\\nState to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com-\\npanies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of Avhat\\nhad been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it.\\nThe State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had\\nalready certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant\\nwithin fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered\\nthat Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of\\nthese lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also\\nprovided that if any of said i:;oads are not completed within ten years, no fur-\\nther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States.\\nHaving vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain\\nthat until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the\\nState, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire\\nby limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the\\nSecretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of\\nthe lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June\\n2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport Council Bluffs Railroad Com-\\npany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely\\nshowing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer-\\ntified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed,\\nout of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\notherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had\\nnot attached, and on Avhich a ho7ia fide settlement and improvement had not\\nbeen made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State\\nof Iowa, within six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per\\nmile equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction\\nof said road by the act to which this was an amendment.\\nThe term out of any lands belonging to the United States, not sold, re-\\nserved or otherwise disposed of, etc., would seem to indicate that Congress did\\nintend to grant lands already granted, but Avhen it declared that the Company\\nshould Iiave an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted,\\nit is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the\\noriginal grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the\\ntitle it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the\\nUnited States under the original act, which Avas not repealed.\\nA similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids Missouri\\nRailroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner.\\nLike provision was made for the Dubuque k Sioux City Railroad, and the\\nCompany Avas permifted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge\\nand Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points but this\\nchange of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig-\\ninal act, nor did it change the location of those lands.\\nBy the same act, the Mississippi Missouri Railroad Company Avas author-\\nized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or\\nperson, if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad\\nacross the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com-\\npleted but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities\\nand conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other\\nmanner than the same Avould have been acquired by the original grantee.\\nStill further, the Burlington Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten,\\n^nd Avas, by the same act, empoAvered to receive an amount of land per mile\\nequal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found Avithm\\nthe limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might\\nbe made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands\\nbelonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or\\nto which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached.\\nThose acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the lobby, occa-\\nsioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how-\\never, recognizing the fact that Avhen the Secretary had certified the lands to the\\nState, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under\\nthe vesting act of August, 1854, refused to revicAV its action, and also refused\\nto order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in\\npre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the\\ntitle, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land.\\nMay 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described,\\nCongress granted to the State of loAva, to aid in the construction of a railroad\\nfrom McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western\\nRailroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers,\\nfor ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right\\nto substitute other lands Avhenever it was found that the grant infringed upon\\npre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other\\npurpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior Avas instructed to select, in\\nlieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217\\nX. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS.\\nAn Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the\\nGeneral Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the\\nact, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the\\nerection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con-\\ngress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State\\nfor the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by\\njoint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed\\ntransfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions\\nimposed in the five-section grant, and authorized the General Assembly to\\nmake such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of\\nthe State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County\\ncertified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of\\nMarch 3, 1845, entitled An act supplemental to the act for the admission of\\nthe States of Iowa and Florida into the Union, were fully appropriated for\\nthe benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is\\nlocated in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and\\ntwo hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in\\nthe success of the enterprise.\\nBy act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to\\neach State and Terrffory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative\\nin Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they\\nwere respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing\\ncolleges of agriculture and mechanic arts.\\nIowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis-\\nlature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled An act to accept of the grant,\\nand carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act\\nof Congress entitled An act granting public lands to the several States and\\nTerritories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the\\nmechanic arts, approved July 2, 1862. This act made it the duty of the\\nGovernor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided\\nthat none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp\\nlands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor,\\nwho was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of\\nthe Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro-\\npriated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six\\nRepresentatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this\\ngrant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College.\\nPeter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec-\\ntions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the\\nFort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864,\\nthese selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office,\\nand were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13,\\n1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con-\\nflicted with no other claims under other grants.\\nThe agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres but\\nas 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at\\nthe rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State\\nunder this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows\\nIn Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres.\\nIn Sioux City Land District 59,025.37\\nIn Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nBy act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 186-4, entitled, An\\nact authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm\\nto sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of\\nsaid college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof, all these lands\\nwere granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au-\\nthorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the\\ncontrol of the Trustees, lands as follows\\nUnder the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres.\\nOf the five-section grant 3,200.00\\nLands donated in Story County 721.00\\nLands donated in Boone County 200.00\\nTotal 208,430.30 acres.\\nThe Trustees opened an oflSce at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W*\\nBassett their agent for the sale of these lands.\\nTHE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.\\nThe germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec-\\nond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had\\nmigrated to the The Beautiful Land from other and older Stales, where the\\ncommon school system had been tested by many years experience, bringing\\nwith them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be\\nenjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted\\nwas expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is\\njustly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the\\ncountry.\\nNor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school\\nhouses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were\\noccupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the\\nfirst to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means\\nfor the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings\\nfor their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa.\\nWherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united\\npublic act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time\\nonly disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth,\\nand were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings.\\nPerhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa\\nbeen more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school\\nhouses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To-\\nday, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of\\nIowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More\\nespecially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish\\nappropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large,\\ncommodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements,\\nand costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex-\\npended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings.\\nThe first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James\\nL. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was\\ncompleted, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of\\n1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught\\nthe second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219\\ncommenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female\\nteacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton,\\nJr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an\\nEnglish and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of\\nschools at Dubuque was levied in 1840.\\nAmong the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school\\nhouse in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the\\nWinter of 1834-5.\\nThe first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner,\\nin the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca-\\ntine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall.\\nThe first school in Davenport was taught, in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa\\nSawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839.\\nWhen the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of\\nIowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took\\nplace August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty famdies had\\nsettled within the limits of the town and during the same year, Mr. Jesse\\nBerry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now\\nCollege street.\\nThe first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R.\\nGray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer\\nof 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro,\\nJoseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened\\nby Miss Urania Adiams. The building was occupied for school purposes for\\nnearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a\\nlog school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell\\nin 1844.\\nAt Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was\\ntaught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7,\\nin one of the rooms on Coon Row, built for barracks.\\nThe first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a\\nMormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 and until about 1854, nearly, if not\\nquite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons.\\nThe first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a\\nyoung man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D.\\nW. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C.\\nCarpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school\\nhouse was built in Mason s Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied\\nit as teacher.\\nDuring the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre-\\nvailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for\\nschool purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis-\\nappearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121.\\nIowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial\\nLegislature passed an act providing that there shall be established a common\\nschool, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be\\nopen and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and\\ntwenty-one years. The second section of the act provided that the County\\nBoard shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties\\nwhenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the\\nvoters resident witliin such contemplated district. These districts were gov-*\\nerned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons each district was required", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nto maintain school at least three months in every year and later, laws were\\nenacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that\\nwhatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents\\nsending, in proportion to the length of time sent.\\nWhen Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,-\\n000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis-\\ntricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the\\nnumber had increased to 3,265.\\nIn March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su-\\nperintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that\\neach civil township is declared a school district, and provided that these should\\nbe divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and\\nreduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900.\\nThis change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of\\nthe expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers.\\nAn eftbrt was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-\\ndistrict system. Mr. Kiss 41, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of\\nJanuary 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual\\nmessage. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde-\\npendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships.\\nThe system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 and new schools, in\\nwhit h more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded.\\nThe first official mention of Teachers Institutes in the educational records\\nof Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made\\nDecember 2, 1850, who said, An institution of this character was organized a\\nfew years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois,\\nWisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the\\ncounty of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular\\ninstitute in the county of Jones. At that time although the beneficial\\ninfluence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of\\nattending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able\\nto bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that the sum of\\n$150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install-\\nments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended\\nfor tliese institutions. He proposed that three institutes should be held annu-\\nally at points to be designated by the Superintendent.\\nNo legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when\\nan act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers institutes for periods not\\nless than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire.\\nThe Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one\\ninstitute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might\\ndirect for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to\\ndefray the expenses of these institutes.\\nDecember 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that\\ninstitutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months,\\nand more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted.\\nThe Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858,\\nenacted a code of school laws which retained the existing provisions for teachers\\ninstitutes.\\nIn March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by\\nappropriating a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute,\\nheld as provided by law in each county.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221\\nIn 1865, Mr. Faville reported that tlie provision made by the State for the\\nbenefit of teachers institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the\\npeople and the teachers, as during the last two years.\\nBy act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in\\neach county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was\\nregarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the\\nSixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal\\nSchool at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and\\nproperty of the Soldiers Orphans Home at that place for that purpose. This\\nschool is now in the full tide of successful experiment.\\nThe public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various\\nofficers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth\\nare faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve.\\nThe public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources.\\nThe sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the\\nGeneral Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the\\nlands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar\\nand twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to\\nthe State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent,\\non all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this\\nfund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it the proceeds of\\nall fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived\\nfrom these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which\\ncannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts\\nfor fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected.\\nThe proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State\\nTreasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord-\\ning to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long\\nterms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the\\namount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The\\ninterest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail-\\nable school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all\\nmoney so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all\\nmoneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned\\nby the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro-\\nportion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years.\\nThe counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned\\nto the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also\\nlevied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources\\nconstitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable\\nevery sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months school\\neach year.\\nThe taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the\\nadmirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected\\nfor the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of\\nthe district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are\\nthe pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some-\\ntimes built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but\\nthemselves. The teachers and contingent funds are determined by the Board of\\nDirectors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually,\\nexcept in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed\\nevery three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nof schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board\\nof Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar usually,\\nhowever, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc-\\ntion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports\\nThere is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there\\nwould be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How-\\never much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this.\\nThe opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the\\nmost liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often\\nfound upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon\\nfor Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men\\nwho represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities.\\nAt the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen-\\ndent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 476\\ngraded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days.\\nThere were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was\\n$34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation\\nof $28.69 per month.\\nThe nimiber of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was\\n567,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance,\\n251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame,\\n671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296,\\nvalued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes.\\nNinety-nine teachers institutes were held during 1877. Teachers salaries\\namounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds,\\nlibraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies,\\n$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous\\npeople of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single\\nyear. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was\\n$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960.\\nIn 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools,\\nand 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers salaries amounted to\\n$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun-\\ndred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries\\ntwenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064.\\nIn twenty years, teachers salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857,\\nto $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to\\n$5,197,428.\\nThe significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen-\\nditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the\\npeople, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in\\nthe public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one\\nper cent, of their entire taxable property this, too, uninterruptedly through a\\nseries of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and\\nresources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in\\nbusiness years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and\\neven amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human\\nenterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose\\nthan the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the\\npurposes of public education.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223\\nPOLITICAL RECORD.\\nTERRITORIAL OFFICERS.\\nGrovernors Robert Lucas, 1838-41 John Chambers, 1841-45 James\\nClarke, 1845.\\nSecretaries William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 James Clarke, 1839\\n0. H. W. Stull, 1841 Samuel J. Burr, 1843 Jesse Williams, 1845.\\nAuditors\u00e2\u0080\u0094 5 QQ Q Williams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843- Robert M.\\nSecrest, 1845.\\nTreasurers Thornton Bayliss, 1839 Morgan Reno, 1840.\\nJudges Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 Joseph Williams, 1838\\nThomas S. Wilson, 1838.\\nPresidents of Council Jesse B. Browne, 1838-9 Stephen Hempstead,\\n1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D.\\nElbert, 1842-3 Thomas Cox, 1843-4 S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 Stephen\\nHempstead, 1845-6.\\nSpeakers of the House William H. Wallace, 1838-9 Edward Johnston,\\n1839-40 Thomas Cox, 1840-1 Warner Lewis, 1841-2 James M. Morgan,\\n1842-3 James P. Carleton, 1843-4 James M. Morgan, 1845 George W.\\nMcCleary, 1845-6.\\nFirst Constitutional Convention, 184^4- Shepherd Leffler, President Geo.\\nS. Hampton, Secretary.\\nSecond Constitutional Convention, 184-6 Enos Lowe, President William\\nThompson, Secretary.\\nOFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT.\\nGovernors Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to\\n1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858 Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam-\\nuel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 Samuel\\nMorrill, 1868 to 1872 Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 Samuel J. Kirk-\\nwood, 1876 to 1877 Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878 John H.\\nGear, 1878 to\\nLieutenant Governor Office created by the new Constitution September 3,\\n1857\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Oran Faville, 1858-9 Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 John R. Needham,\\n1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John\\nScott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy-\\nsart, 1874-5 Joshua G. NeAvbold, 1876-7 Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9.\\nSecretaries of State Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848\\nJosiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec.\\n2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 James\\nWright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6,\\n1873 Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to\\nAuditors of /Stete\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 Will-\\niam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854,\\nresigned in 1855; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859; Jonathan\\nW. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 John Russell, 1871\\nto 1875 Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to\\nTreasurers of State Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850\\nIsrael Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852,\\nto Jan. 2, 1859 John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 William H. Holmes, 1863 to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n1867 Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 William Christy, 1873 to 1877\\nGeorge W. Bemis, 1877 to\\nSuperintendents of Public Instruction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 O^cq created in 1847 James Harlan,\\nJune 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) Thomas H. Benton, Jr.,\\nMay 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 James D. Eads, 1854-7 Joseph C. Stone,\\nMarch to June, 1857 Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office\\nwas abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the\\nBoard of Education.\\nSecretaries of Board of Education Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863\\nOran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864.\\nSuperintendents of Public Listruction Office re-created March 23, 1864\\nOran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867 D. Franklin Wells,\\nMarch 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 Alonzo Abernethy,\\n1872 to 1877 Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to\\nState Binders Office created February 21, 1855 William M. Coles, May\\n1, 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter,\\n1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875;\\nJames J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 H. A. Perkins, 1876 to\\nRegisters of the State Land Office Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May\\n13, 1857 Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 Amos B.\\nMiller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862 Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to\\nJan 5, 1863 Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 Cyrus C.\\nCarpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to\\nto January, 1875 David Secor, January, 1875, to\\nState Printers Office created Jan. 3, 1840 Garrett D. Palmer and\\nGeorge Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Ilornish,\\n1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter\\nMoriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer,\\n1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to\\n1872 B. P. Clarkson, 1872 to\\nAdjutants General Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7\\nElijah Sells, 1857 Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877\\nJohn H. Looby, 1877 to\\nAtto7^neys General David C. Cloud, 1853-56 Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 y\\nCharles C. Nourse, 1861-4 Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866)\\nFrederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O Connor, 1867-72;\\nMarsena E. Cutts, 1872-6 John F. McJunkin, 1877.\\nPresidents of the Senate Thomas Baker, 1846-7 Thomas Hughes,\\n1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing-\\nwell, 1852-3 Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5 William W. Hamilton, 1856-7.\\nUnder the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the\\nSenate.\\nSpeakers of the House Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan,\\n1849-50 George Temple, 1851-2 James Grant, 1853-4 Reuben Noble,\\n1855-6 Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 John\\nEdwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright,\\n1866-7 John Russell, 1868-9 Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1 James Wilson,\\n1872-3 John H. Gear, 1874-7 John Y. Stone, 1878.\\nNew Constitutional Oonvention, 1859 Francis Springer, President Thos.\\nJ. Saunders, Secretary.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225.\\nSTATE OFFICERS, 1878.\\nJohn H. Gear, Governor Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor Josiah\\nT. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George\\nW. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office;\\nJohn H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General;\\nMrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court;\\nJohn S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend-\\nent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins,\\nState Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and\\nMeasures; William H. Fleming, Governor s Private Secretary; Fletcher W.\\nYoung, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State;\\nErastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg-\\nister Land Office Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction.\\nTHE JUDICIARY.\\nSUPBEME COURT OF IOWA.\\nChief Justices. Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 Joseph Williams,\\nJan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph\\nWilliams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan.,\\n1860 Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to\\nJan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864,to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866,\\nto Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan.\\n1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph\\nM. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1,\\n1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1,\\n1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878.\\nAssociate Judges. Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct.,\\n1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George\\nGreene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to\\nsucceed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855 William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855\\nNorman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856 Lacen D. Stockton, June 3,\\n1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11,\\n1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26,\\n1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil-\\nlon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March\\n1, 1864, to 1877 Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868 W. E. Miller, October 11,\\n1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed\\nWright.\\nSUPREME COURT, 1878.\\nJames H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee\\nCounty, Associate Justice; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice;\\nWilliam H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G, Day, Fre-\\nmont County, Associate Justice.\\nCONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION.\\nUNITED STATES SENATORS.\\n(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.)\\nGeorge W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 Augustus C. Dodge, Bur-\\nlington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865;\\nJames W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 Samuel J. Kirkwood,\\nIowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": ".226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nHarlan James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 James B. Howell,\\nKeokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W.\\nGrimes term expired March 3d George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4,\\n1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk-\\nwood, March 4, 1877.\\nMEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENT ATIVEa.\\nTwenty-ninth Congress 184-6 to 184-7. S. Clinton Hastings Shepherd\\nLeffler.\\nThirtieth Congress 184-7 to 1849. First District, William Thompson\\nSecond District, Shepherd Leffler.\\nThirty-first Congress 184-9 to 1851. First District, First Session, Wm.\\nThompson unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election\\nremanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller.\\nSecond District, Shepherd Leffler.\\nThirty-second Congress 1851 to 1853. First District, Bernhart Henn.\\nSecond District, Lincoln Clark.\\nThirty-third Congress 1853 to 1855. First District, Bernhart Henn.\\nSecond District, John P. Cook.\\nThirty-fourth Congress 1855 to 1857. First District, Augustus Hall.\\nSecond District, James Thorington.\\nThirty-fifth Congress 1857 to 1859. First District, Samuel R. Curtis.\\nSecond District, Timothy Davis.\\nThirty-sixth Congress 1859 to 1861. First District, Samuel R. Curtis.\\nSecond District, William Vandever.\\nThirty-seventh Congress 1861 to 1863. First District, First Session,\\nSamuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil-\\nson. Second District, William Vandever.\\nThirty-eighth Congress 1863 to 1865. First District, James F. Wilson.\\nSecond District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth\\nDistrict, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District,\\nAsahel W. Hubbard.\\nThirty-ninth Congress 1865 to 1867. First District, James F. Wilson\\nSecond District, Hiram Price Third District, William B. Allison Fourth\\nDistrict, Josiah B. Grinnell Fifth District, John A. Kasson Sixth District,\\nAsahel W. Hubbard.\\nFortieth Congress 1867 to 1869. First District, James F. Wiison Sec-\\nond District, Hiram Price Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District,\\nWilliam Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District,\\nAsahel W. Hubbard.\\nForty-first Congress 1869 to 1871. First District, George W. McCrary\\nSecond District, William Smyth Third District, William B. Allison Fourth\\nDistrict, William Loughridge Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer Sixth Dis-\\ntrict, Charles Pomeroy.\\nForty-second Congress\u00e2\u0080\u0094 187 1 to 1873.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 \u00c2\u00a5\\\\r i District, George W. Mc-\\nCrary Second District, Aylett R. Cotton Third District, W. G. Donnan\\nFourth District, Madison M. Waldon Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer Sixth\\nDistrict, Jackson Orr.\\nForty-third Congress 1873 to 1875. First District, George W. McCrary;\\nSecond District, Aylett R. Cotton Third District, William Y. Donnan Fourth\\nDistrict, Henry 0. Pratt Fifth District, James Wilson Sixth District,\\nVacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen his successor.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229\\nWilliam Lougliridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson Eighth District,\\nJames W. McDill Ninth District, Jackson Orr.\\nForty-fourth Congress 1875 to 1877. First District, George W. Mc-\\nCrary Second District, John Q. Tufts Third Disti-ict, L. L. Ainsworth\\nFourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson Sixth District,\\nEzekiel S. Sampson Seventh District, John A. Kasson Eighth District,\\nJames W. McDill Fifth District, Addison Oliver.\\nForty-fifth Congress 1877 to 1879. First District, J. C. Stone; Second\\nDistrict, Hiram Price Third District, T. W. Burdick Fourth District, H. C.\\nDeering Fifth District, Rush Clark Sixth District, E. S. Sampson\\nSeventh District, H. J. B. Cummings Eighth District, W. F. Sapp Ninth\\nDistrict, Addison Oliver.\\nWAR RECORD.\\nThe State of Iowa may well he proud of her record during the War of the\\nRebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of\\nthe history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A.\\nP. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of The tlistory of Iowa and the War, one\\nof the best works of the kind yet written.\\nWhether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by\\nthe General Government, in the courage and constancy of her .soldiery ill the\\nfield, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was\\nconducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa\\nproved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor,\\nresponsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First\\nRegiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end\\nof only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in\\nthe vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were\\nhardly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com-\\nmanders for acceptance under the President s call. So urgent were these offers\\nthat the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an\\nadditional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally\\naccepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments.\\nIn a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon\\nafter the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the\\nclose of May), the Adjutant General of the Stnte reported that upward of one\\nhundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve\\nagainst the enemies of the Union.\\nMuch difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments\\nfor the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothino-\\nwas extemporized principally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the\\ndifferent towns from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within\\nthe limits of the State. The s;ime was done in part for the Second Infantry.\\nMeantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the\\nGovernor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body\\nauthorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and\\nto be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer-\\ngency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident\\nof McGregor) immediately took from the (jrovernor a contract to supply a com-\\nplete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive,\\nshould the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\ntract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu-\\nfactured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which\\nthe troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the\\ncontract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later.\\nThis clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned\\nby the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been\\nadopted as the color to be worn by the national troops.\\nOther States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of\\nPresident Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con-\\nfederate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned\\nby the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal\\nmistakes were liable to be made.\\nBut while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with\\nall the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled\\nto make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders,\\nfrom threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists oi Missouri, and\\nfrom danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile\\nIndians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the\\npresence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were\\nwithdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of\\nthe nation at its very heart.\\nTo provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both\\nrebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from\\nthe Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip\\ntwo regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies)\\nand a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were\\nenlisted for home defense, however, but, says Col. Wood, in time,-^ of special\\ndanger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for\\nassistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often\\nturned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had\\npassed.\\nThe first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received\\non the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the\\nUnited States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately\\nembarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the\\nThird Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with\\nmany other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field\\nservice in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with\\nwhich Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson s\\nCreek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In\\nthe following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support,\\nfought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing and in\\nNovember, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant,\\ngreatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, Avhere it poured out its\\nblood like water losing more than half of the men it took into action.\\nThe initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol-\\nlowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of\\nthis State, and otlier commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies\\ndefending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn-\\nnessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of\\nthe territory previously controlled by them in those States, In these and other\\nmovements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231\\ncaptured and tlie Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi\\nRiver, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment\\nand siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two\\nbatteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery Avere employed\\non the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the\\nmany fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both\\nin military and civil circles. Multiplied Avere the terms in which expression\\nwas given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh-\\nboring State, The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes, embody the\\nspirit of all.\\nIn the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863\\nnbove all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for tlie national armies,\\nthe Iowa three years men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any\\nother State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of\\nequal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of tliose who\\ngave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should\\nnot be left without defenders.\\nIn all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy\\nwas penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the\\nIowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great\\nriver of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they\\nrendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their\\nwonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march.\\nTwo Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole\\nterm of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866\\nagainst the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were\\namong the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State\\nalso supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most\\nof the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic\\nand Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West.\\nThe people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field,\\nand by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery,\\nplaced their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their\\nexhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war.\\nAgents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren-\\ndering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were\\nemployed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field,\\nand doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and\\ncomfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there.\\nSome of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of\\nestablishing a Home for- such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be\\nleft in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the\\nfollowing year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a\\nbuilding leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost\\ncapacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public,\\nand also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro-\\nvide increased accommodations for the large number of children who Avere\\nseeking the benefits of its care. This Avas done by establishing a branch\\nat Cedar Falls, in Black HaAvk County, and by securing, during the same\\nyear, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of\\nDavenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by\\nact of Congress.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nIn 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers\\nOrphans Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates)\\nbecame a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were\\nappropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at\\nGlenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve-\\nments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em-\\nployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all\\nways the provision made for tliese wards of the State has been such as to chal-\\nlenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who\\nhave been inmates of tlie Home from its foundation to the present time is\\nconsiderably more than two thousand.\\nAt the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one\\nhundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service.\\nThe State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine\\nregiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years\\nmen one regiment of infiintry, composed of tliree months men; and four regi-\\nments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days men. The\\noriginal enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred\\nand twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine\\nthousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans,\\nnumbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army\\nand navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to\\nupward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments,\\nand as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed\\nborders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand.\\nIowa paid no bounty on account of -the men she placed in the field. In\\nsome instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small\\namount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion that of the call\\nof July 18, 1864 was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of\\nher proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department,\\nto supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there\\nexisted for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside,\\nin part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where\\nsubdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of\\nmen. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General\\nGovernment for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts.\\nIt is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal\\nStates, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts\\nfor the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa,\\nwhile she Avas foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations\\nto her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without\\nany material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com-\\nmenced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon\\nthe Federal Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds\\nissued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping\\nher troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her\\ntreasury in consequence of the war.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "HISTOrlY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 233\\nINFANTRY.\\nTHE FIRST INFANTRl\\nwas organized under the President s first proclamation for volunteers for three\\nmonths, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel William H. Mer-\\nritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas-\\nant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County Company\\nB, from Johnson County; Companies D and B, from Des Moines County;\\nCompany F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies\\nH and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus-\\ntered into United States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com-\\npanies were independent military organizations before the war, and tendered\\ntheir services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the\\nbattle of Wilson s Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty\\nwounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861.\\nTHE SECOND INFANTRY\\nwas organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel Jas. M. Tuttle,\\nof Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as\\nMajor, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May,\\n1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com-\\npany C, from Scott County Company D, from Des Moines Company E, from\\nFairfield, Jefferson Co. Company F, from Van Buren County Company G,\\nfrom Davis County Company H, from Washington County Company I, from\\nClinton County and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the\\nfollowing engagements Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth,\\nLittle Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Ala.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads,\\nDallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22,\\n1864 siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah,\\nColumbia, S. C; Lynch s Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman s march\\nto the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa\\nInfantry Veteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions\\nof the Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville,\\nKy., July 12, 1865.\\nTHE THIRD INFANTRY\\nwas organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel John\\nScott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel Wm. N. Stone, of Marion County,\\nMajor, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at\\nKeokuk. Company A was from Dubuque County Company B, from Marion\\nCounty Company C, from Clayton County Company D, from Winneshiek\\nCounty Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties Com-\\npany F, from Fayette County Company G, from Warren County Company H,\\nfrom Mahaska County Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and\\nMitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It was engaged at Bin*\\nMills, Mo. Shiloh, Tenn. Ilatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson,\\nMiss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman s\\nmarch to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington.\\nThe veterans of the Third Iowa Infantry were consolidated with the Second,\\nand mustered out at Louisville, Kv., July 12, 1864.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nTHE FOURTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; JoLu\\nGalligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel Wm. R. English, Glenwood,\\nas Major. Company A, from Mills County, was mustered in at Jefferson Bar-\\nracks, Missouri, August 15, 1861 Company B, Pottawattamie County, was\\nmustered in at Council Bluffs, August 8, 1861 Company C, Guthrie County,\\nmustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 Company D. Decatur\\nCounty, at St. Louis, August 16th Company E, Polk County, at Council\\nBluffs, August 8th; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August\\n15th Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August 15th\\nCompany H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August 15th Company I.\\nWayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Page\\nCounties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw\\nBayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary\\nRidge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor s Ridge; came home on veteran furlough\\nFebruary 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against\\nAtlanta, and Sherman s march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas\\nto Washington and home. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July\\n24, 1865.\\nTHE FIFTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel C Z. Mat-\\nthias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City,\\nas Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July\\n15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper\\nCounty Company C, from Louisa County; Company D, from Marshall County\\nCompany E, from Buchanan County Company F, from Keokuk County Com-\\npany G, from Benton County Company H, from Van Buren County Company\\nI, from Jackson County Company K, from Allamakee County was engaged at\\nNew Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicks-\\nburg, Chickamauga; went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non-\\nveterans went home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to\\nthe Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nashville,\\nTennessee, Aug. 11, 1865.\\nTHE SIXTH INFANTRY.\\nwas mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A.\\nMcDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten-\\nant Colonel John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A was from\\nLinn County; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C,\\nfrom Hardin County Company D, from Appanoose County Company E,\\nfrom Monroe County Company F, from Clarke County Company G, from\\nJohnson County Company H, from Lee County Company I, from Des\\nMoines County Company K, from Henry County. It was engaged at Shiloh,\\nMission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black\\nRiver Bridge, Jones Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18\\nwounded of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of wounds, 124 of\\ndisease, 211 were discharged for disability and 301 were wounded in action,\\nwhich was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg-\\niment from Iowa. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235\\nTHE SEVENTH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861,\\nwith J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel Augustus Wentz, of Daven-\\nport, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com-\\npany A was from Muscatine County Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd\\nCounties Company C, from Mahaska County Companies D and E, from Lee\\nCounty Company F, from Wapello County Company G, from Iowa County\\nCompany H, from Washington County Company I, from Wapello County\\nCompany K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which\\nit lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men). Fort Henry, Fort Donelson,\\nShiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, New Hope\\nChurch, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta,\\nbattle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman s campaign to the ocean,\\nthrough the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered\\nout at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865.\\nTHE EIGHTH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the Ignited States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport,\\nIowa, with Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel James L. Geddes,\\nof Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major.\\nCompany A was from Clinton County Company B, from Scott County\\nCompany C, from Washington County Company D, from Benton and Linn\\nCounties Company E, from Marion County Company F, from Keokuk\\nCounty; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties; Company H. from\\nMahaska County Company I, from Monroe County Company K, from Lou-\\nisa County. Was engaged at the following battles Shiloh (where most of the\\nregiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span-\\nish Fort. Was mustered out of the United States service at Selma, Alabama,\\nApril 20, 1866.\\nTHE NINTH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque,\\nwith Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque,\\nLieutenant Colonel Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was\\nfrom Jackson County Company B, from Jones County Company C, from Bu-\\nchanan County; Company D, from Jones County; Company E, from Clayton\\nCounty Company F, from Fayette County Company G, from Black Hawk\\nCounty Company H, from Winneshiek County Company I, from Howard\\nCounty and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage-\\nments Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg,\\nRinggold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman s march to\\nthe sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered\\nout at Louisville, July 18, 1865.\\nTHE TENTH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861,\\nwith Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel W. E. Small, of Iowa City,\\nas Lieutenant Colonel and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com-\\npany A was from Polk County Company B, from Warren County Company\\nC, from Tama County Company D, from Boone County Company E, from\\nWashington County Company F, from Poweshiek County Company G, from", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "l!;U) lllSTOKV Ol I lIK STA PK OK lOUA.\\nWarren iiMty oiMiiiiiiy II, iVoin (Jrrcno (\u00e2\u0096\u00a0oimty onipiiiiy 1, from .laspor\\n(\\\\\u00c2\u00bbuiily iii|t!iiiy l\\\\, I ntin Polk aiul Madison CouiitioH. I articipa/ ni in the\\ntollowiiitj; (Mii:;au;( iiu nls Sit u;( of oriiitli, liika, Corinlli, Port (iil)son, Kay-\\nmond, Jackson, (MiauipitiM Hills, ickshuri:; and Mission Ivid^t In St |)t( ni-\\nhtT, IS(!-I, (he non-V( t( ra,ns hcin^ lunslx^rod ont, tluM otorajis woro Ininsl crrtMl\\nto llio Kil tli Iowa (^a-valry, \\\\vli( r( will hi found tlu ir fiUiin^ operations.\\nTIIK KLKVKNTIl I N KANT II Y\\nwas nuislcrt d into (l\u00c2\u00bbt I nilcd States sorviee at l)aven|)ort, Iowa, in Sejitendior\\nand 0(ttol)er, ISdl, with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, aa Oolonol .)no. Aher-\\ncronihie, as jjieiitenaiit ^olonel Wni. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. (Vun-\\npuny A was from Museatino; Company .li, from Marshall and Hardin Counties;\\nCompany i\\\\ from Louisa (\\\\)unty (\\\\)mpany H, from Muscatine unty Com-\\npany l*j, from (\\\\Mlar (\\\\)unty Com|)any l*\\\\ iVom \\\\Vashin ^ton (bounty; om|)anv\\n(i, frouj Henry County; Company II, IVom Muscatine (\\\\\u00c2\u00bbuntv (unpaiiv I\\nIVtun Muscatiiu* County (\\\\tm[)any K, from Linn ounty. Was eni:;a j;ed in the\\nhattle of Shiloh, sie j;o of (\\\\)rinth, battles of (-orinth, V ickahurj^, Atlanta cam-\\npaign, battle of Atlanta, duly I l, ISdI. Was musteivd out at Louisvilh*, Kv.,\\nduly IT), ISCf).\\nTill I WKI.Kril INKANTUV\\nwas muster( (l into tlu^ Unit( d Stativs service Novend)er ^Ify, IcSlU, at l)uhui|ue,\\nwith J. Wood, of ^larpioketa, as (^)lonel riohn I*. Oultor, of (-odar Kapids,\\n|jieut(Miant lon( l Sanuiel 1). Hrodtheck, of HuIuKpit as Major, (\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ompaiiy\\nA was from Hardin (loinity (\\\\)mpany H, from .Mlaiuakce County ompany\\nfrom Kayettc^ (\\\\\u00c2\u00bbunty ompaiiy I), from Linn County; (\u00e2\u0080\u00a2oiu{)any K, from l lack\\nHawk County; Company V\\\\ from Delawan* (^uinty; (\\\\)mpainy (il, from Winne-\\nsiiiek County; Company II, from Duhmpu and I )(dawaro Counties (N)mpany\\nL from I)uhu(]U( and .laxdcson (M unti( s; Company K, from Delaware (-ounty.\\nIt was I li^a^ed at I*\\\\)rt Honelson, Shiloh, whei t* most of the regiment was\\ncaptured, and those not captured were or !;ani/,ed in what was calh d the Union\\nBrigade, and were in tlu balth of (%)rinth; tlu pi-isoucrs wi re e.\\\\iduin;j;ed\\nNovember 10, 1S( J, and the r( fj;iuu nt re-orga.nized, and tlu n pMrtit ipatin\u00c2\u00abj; in\\nthe sieii;e of Vii ksbur\u00c2\u00abj;, battle of Tupelo, INliss.; White Iviver, Nashville and\\nSpanish Fort. The regiment was nuistered out at Memphis, January 20, LS(!(i.\\nTIIK TlllUrKKNI ll INKANTUV\\nwns mustered in Novend)er I, ISiIJ, nt l aV( nport, with M. M. Crocker, of Des\\nMoines, as Colonel; JNL M. Trici of Davenptu-t, Lieutenant Colonel; John\\nShane, Vinton, Major. C^ompany A was from Mt. Vernon Omj)any L, IVom\\nJasper County; Company from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk\\nCounty; (Company K, IVom Scott (Vunity (Company l*\\\\ IVom Sc-ott and Linn\\nCounties; (\\\\)mpany (J, IVom Benton County Company 11, from Mai-shall County\\nCom|)any I, IVom Washington ounty Company K, from Washington County.\\nIt participated in the following engagements Shiloh, siege of (\\\\)rinth, Corinth,\\nKenesaw Mountain, siege of Vickshiirg, ampaign against Atlanta. as on\\nSherman s nuirch to the sea, and through North and South Carolina. Was\\nmustered out at Louisville -luly J 1 I St!;\\nTIIK KOUKTKKN ni INKANTUV\\nwas nuistered in the United Slates service Oi-tober, ISdl, at Davenj^ort, with\\nWm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel Kdward W. Lucaa, of Iowa C ity, as", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "llfHTOI .y OF TIIK KTATK OK IOWA. 237\\nLieutenant Colonel Hiram Leonatd, of I)e.s MoineH (Jounty, as Major. Com-\\npany A waH from Scott County (Jompany B, from Jiremer County Company\\nb, from Ifonry and Van liuren Counties Company K, from Jasper Coiintv\\nCompany l from Van liuren and Henry (Jountjes; Company ^j!,frorfi l am;i, and\\nScott (Jounties (J(Hfipany H, fVoin Mnn (Jounty; Company I, frotn llcniy\\nCounty Company K, from Hes iVIoines (Jounty. i artieipateri in the f(dlow-\\ning (;n;^agementH Ft. Donelson, Sliiloli, (Jorintli (where most of the regiment\\nwere taken prisoners of war), I leasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. He iiussey, I upelo,\\nTown Creek, rallahateliie, J ilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Jiayou, etc., etc.,\\nand was mustered out, except vet(;rans and recruits, at J avenport, Iowa, No-\\nvember 10, 1804.\\nTiiK iitki;n |]i infantry\\nwas niust(;red into the United States servicf; March 19, 1802, at Keokuk, with\\n(Jounty Company h\\\\ from I i-eifir nt and Mills Counties; Company C, from\\nMarion and Warren (Jounties Conifjany H, from J otlawattamie and Haiiison\\nCounties; Company I, from Lee, Van Jiuren and Clark Counties; Company K,\\nfrom Waftello, Van Huren and Warren Counties. Participated in the batUe of\\nSliiloli, sieg(5 of (Jorinth, hatt.h^s (jf (Jorinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At-\\nlanta, batth; in front of Atlanta, July 22, 18 il, and was under fire during\\nthe siege of Atlanta eighty-one days; was on Sherman s march to the se;i, and\\nthrough the (Jarolinas to Richmond, Washingt.on and Louisville, where it was\\nmustered out, August 1, 18 )4.\\nTllli KIX I FKNTIl INFANTIlY\\nwas mustered into th(! United States service at Davenport, Jowa, Hecember 10,\\n1801, with Ahixandei (JhamberS; of the r(;gular army, as Colonel; A. H.\\nSanders, of Davenport, Li(;utenant (Jolonel Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine,\\nMajor. (Jompany A was from Clinton County Company li. from Scott\\nCounty; (Jompany from M uscatine County Company D, from Jjoon(!( ounty\\nCompany K, from Muscatine (Jounty (Joiupany K, from Muscatine, Clintfjn and\\nScott Counticjs; Company C, frotn I)ubu(jue County (Jonifjany II, from I)u-\\nbu({uc and (JIayton (bounties; (jompany 1, from Hlaek Hawk and Linn (Joiinties;\\n(Jomf)any K, from Lee ar.d Muscatine (Jountifjn. Was in the battles of Shiloh,\\nsiege of (Jorinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mf untain, Nick-a Jack Oeek, battles\\naround Atlanta; was in Sherman s carnftaigns, and the (Jarolina campaigns.\\nWas mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 11), 180.^\\nTIIK KKVENTFIiNTH INKANTKY\\nwas mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and A|)ril,\\n1802, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel; D. H. ilillis, of Keokuk,\\nas liietitcnant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. IMeasant, Major. Company\\nA was from D(;eatur (Jounty; (Jomjiany B, from Lee (Jounty; (jompany (J,\\nfrom Van Ruren, W;ip(!llo and liCe (Jounties (Jompany D, from Des Moines,\\nVan liuren and .Jefferson (Jounties; (Jompany K, from Wa()ello (Jounty; (Jom-\\npany K, from Appanoose County; Company G, from Marion County; Com-\\npany 11, from Marion and IVjttawattamie (J(Hinties; (Jompany 1, from Jefferson\\nand Lee Counties; (Jompany K, fnjiu Lee and Polk Counties. They were in", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nthe following engagements: Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Jackson, Cham-\\npion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, and at Tilton, Ga.,\\nOct. 13, 1864, most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war. Was mus-\\ntered out at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865.\\nTHE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY\\nAvas mustered into the United States service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, at Clin-\\nton, with John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids,\\nLieutenant Colonel Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major. Company\\nA, was from Linn and various other counties Company B, from Clark County;\\nCompany C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello\\nCounties; Company E, from Muscatine County; Company F, from Appanoose\\nCounty; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties; Company H, from\\nFayette and Benton Counties; Company I, from Washington County; Com-\\npany K, from Wapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engaged in\\nthe battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., snd was mustered out\\nat Little Rock, Ark., July 20, 1865.\\nTHE NINETEENTH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service August 17, 1862, at Keokuk, with\\nBenjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas-\\nant, Lieutenant Colonel, and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was\\nfrom Lee and Van Buren Counties; Company B, from Jefferson County; Com-\\npany C, from Washington County; Company D, from Jefferson County; Com-\\npany E, from Lee County; Company F, from Louisa County; Company G,\\nfrom Louisa County; Company H, from Van Buren County; Company I, from\\nVan Buren County; Company K, from Henry County. Was engaged a Prairie\\nGrove, Vicksburg, Yazoo River expedition. Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863,\\nat which place they surrendered three officers and eight enlisted men were\\nkilled, sixteen enlisted men were wounded, and eleven officers and two hundred\\nand three enlisted men taken prisoners out of five hundred engaged; they\\nwere exchanged July 22d, and joined their regiment August 7th, at New Or-\\nleans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July\\n10, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTIETH INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service August 25, 1862, at Clinton, with\\nWm. McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn Co., as Colonel: J. B. Leek, of Davenport, as\\nLieutenant Colonel, and Wm. G. Thompson, of Marion, Linn Co., as Major.\\nCompanies A, B, F, H and I were from Linn County Companies C, D, E, G\\nand K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles: Prairie\\nGrove, and assault on Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July\\n8, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August, 1862, with\\nSamuel Merrill (late Governor of Iowa) as Colonel Charles W. Dunlap, of\\nMitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel S. G. VanAnda, of Delhi, as Major. Com-\\npany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties Company B, from\\nClayton County Company C, from Dubuque County Company D, from\\nClayton County Company E, from Dubuque County Company F, from Du-\\nbuque County Company G, from Clayton County Company H, from Dela-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 239\\nware County Company I, from Dubuque County Company K, from Delaware\\nCounty, and was in the following engagements Hartsville, Mo. Black River\\nBridge, Eort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely,\\nand was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with\\nWm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel Jno. A.\\nGarrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City,\\nas Major. Company A was from Johnson County Company B, Johnson\\nCounty Company C, Jasper County; Company D, Monroe County Company\\nE, Wapello County Company F, Johnson Countv Company G, Johnson\\nCbunty Company H, Johnson County Company I, Johnson County Com-\\npany K, Johnson County. Was engaged at Vicksburg, Thompson s Hill, Cham-\\npion Hills, Sherman s campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val-\\nley, losing 109 men, Fisher s Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah,\\nGa., July 25, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with\\nWilliam Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel; W. H. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as\\nLieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies\\nA, B and C, were from Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Com-\\npany E, from Pottawattamie County Company F, from Montgomery County\\nCompany G, from Jasper County Company H, from Madison County Com-\\npany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from Marshall County. Was in\\nVicksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Vicks-\\nburg, Jackson, Milliken s Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Harris-\\nburg, Texas, July 26, 1865\\nTHE TWENTY-FOURTH\\nwas mustered into United States service at Muscatine, September 18, 1862,\\nwithEber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount\\nVernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major.\\nCompany A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties Companies B and C,\\nfrom Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar\\nCounties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from\\nLinn County Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones\\nCounty. VVas engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks Red\\nRiver expedition, Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan-\\nnah, Ga., July 17, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel Fabian\\nBrydolf as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major,\\nand was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27,\\n1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County Companies B and\\nH, from Henry County Company C, Irom Henry and Lee Counties Com-\\npanies D, E and G, ^from Des Moines County Company F, from Louisa\\nCounty, and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged\\nat Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluff, Chattanooga, Campain, Ring-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "240 HISTORY OF Till-: STATE OF IOWA.\\ngold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love-\\njoy Station, Jonesboro, Ship s Gap, Benton ville, and on Sherman s march\\nthrough Georgia and the Carolinas, to Richmond and Washington. Was\\nmustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 18G5.\\nTHE TWENTY- SIXTH\\nwas organized and mustered in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith,\\nof Clinton, as Colonel S. G. Magill^ of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and\\nSamuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and\\nJackson Counties Company B, from Jackson County Companies C, D, E,\\nF, G, H, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post,\\nVicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De-\\ncatur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship s Gap,\\nSherman s campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus-\\ntered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-SEVENTH\\nwas mustered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James\\nI. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant\\nColonel and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I\\nwere from Allamakee County Companies C and H, from Buchanan County\\nCompanies D and E, from Clayton County Company F, from Delaware\\nCounty Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K,\\nfrom Mitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex-\\npedition, Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town\\nCreek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, lov/a, Aug. 8, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-EIGHTH\\nwas organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E.\\nMiller, of Iowa City, as Colonel John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel,\\nand II. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were\\nfrom Benton County Companies B and G, from Iowa County Companies\\nC. H and I, from Poweshiek County; Company E, from Johnson County;\\nCompany F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. AVas\\nengaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg was on Banks Red\\nRiver expedition, and enojaired at Sabine Cross Roads was eno-aeed in Shen-\\nandoah Valley, Va., and engaged at U inchester, Fisher s Hill and Cedar Creek.\\nWas mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865.\\nTHE TWENTY-NINTH\\nwas organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the United States service\\nDecember 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel\\nR. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel: and Charles B. Shoe-\\nmaker, of Clarinda, as Major. Conijiany A was from Pottawattamie County\\nCompany B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties: Comnany C, from Harrison\\nCounty; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties, Company E, from\\nFremont County Company F, from Taylor County Company G, from Ring-\\ngold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. AVas\\nmustered out at New Orleans August 15, 1865.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241\\nTHE THIRTIETH INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September\\n23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel Wm. M. G. Tor-\\nrence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as\\nMajor. Companies A and I were from Lee County Company B, from Davis\\nCounty Company C, from Des Moines County Company D, from Van Buren\\nCounty Companies E and K from Washington County Company F, from\\nDavis County and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was\\nengaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold,\\nResaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor s\\nRidge; was in Sherman s campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to\\nRichmond was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus-\\ntered out June 5, 1865.\\nTHE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY\\nwas mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William\\nSmyth, of Marion, as Colonel J. VV. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant\\nColonel and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was from\\nLinn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies\\nE, G and H, from Jones County; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County.\\nWas engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black\\nRiver, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold,\\nTaylor s Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big\\nShanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro was in Sherman s campaign\\nthrough Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken-\\ntucky, June 27, 1865\\nTHE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel E. H.\\nMix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo,\\nas Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties\\nCompany B, from Cerro Gordo County Company C, from Black Hawk\\nCounty Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County;\\nCompany F, from Hardin County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun-\\nties Company H, from Franklin County; Company I, from Webster County,\\nand Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into\\nthe United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey,\\nPleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out\\nof the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865.\\nTHE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel\\nCyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson,\\nof Knoxville, as Major, Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com-\\npanies B, F and H, from Keokuk County Companies C, D, E and K, from\\nMakaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties,\\nand mustered in October 1, 1862. Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa-\\nline River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. VVas mustered out at New Orleans,\\nJuly 17, 1865.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nTHE THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized with George W, Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel W. S. Dungan,\\nof Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Pecatur County, as\\nMajor, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15, 18(32. Companies A and I\\nwere from Decatur County Companies B, C and D, from Warren County Com-\\npany E. from Lucas County; Company F. from Wayne County. Company G,\\nfrom Lucas and Clark Counties Company H, from Madison and Warren\\nCounties, and Company K. from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas\\nPost, Ft. Gaines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry,\\nJanuary 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 18G5.\\nTHE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Muscatine, and mustered in the L^nited States service Sep-\\ntember l8, 1862. with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel James H. Roth-\\nrock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry OConner, of Muscatine, as Major.\\nCompanies A, B, C, D and E, were from Muscatine County; Company F,\\nfrom Muscatine and Louisa Counties Companies G. H and L from Muscatine\\nand Cedar Counties, and Company K. from Cedar County. Participated in\\nthe battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze,\\nPleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at\\nDavenport. August 10, 1865.\\nTHE THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel\\nF. M. Drake, of Unionville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T.\\nC. Woodward, of Ortumwa, as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 Com-\\npany A was from Monroe County Companies B, D, E, H and K, from\\nWapello County, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County.\\nWas engaged fn the following battles Mark s Mills, Ark. Elkins Ford,\\nCamden, Helena, Jenkins Ferry, etc. At Mark s Mills, April 25, 1864. out\\nof 500 en^raged. lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisonei*s\\nof war was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duval! s Blutf,\\nArk., August 24, 1865.\\nTHE THIRY^-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEARDS;\\nwas organized with Geo. W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel Geo. R. West,\\nof Dub u(,|ue. as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major,\\nand was mustered into United States service at Muscatine December 15. 1862.\\nCompany A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties Company B. from\\nMuscatine County Company C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties Company\\nD, from Johnson and Iowa Counties Company E, from Wapello and Maliaska\\nCounties Company F, from Dubuque County Company G, from Appanoose,\\nDes Moines, Henry and Washington Counties Company H, from Henry and\\nJefterson Counties; Company I. from Jasper. Linn and other counties, and\\nCompany K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty-\\nseventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was\\nmustered out at Davenport on expiration of three years service.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243\\nTHE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Dubuque, and mustered in November 4, 1862, with D. H.\\nHughes, of Decorah, as Colonel J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan,\\nColonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft\\nG and II were from Fayette County Company B, from Bremer County Com-\\npany C, from Chickasaw County Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek\\nCounty, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of\\nVicksburg, Banks Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was\\nconsolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas,\\nAugust 15, 1865.\\nTHE THIRTY -NINTH INFANTRY\\nwas organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel; James Red-\\nfield, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel and J. M. Grifiiths,\\nof Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County\\nCompanies B and I, from Polk Couuty Companies C and H, from Dallas\\nCounty; Company D, from Clark County; Company E, from Greene County;\\nCompany G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties and Company K, from\\nClark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker s Cross Roads,^Tenn.;\\nCorinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman s march\\nto Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at\\nWashington June 5, 1865.\\nTHE FORTIETH INFANTRY\\nwas organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of\\nNewton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and\\nS. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion\\nCounty Company B, from Poweshiek County Company C, from\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mahaska\\nCounty; Companies D and E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Ma-\\nhaska and Marion Counties Company G, from Marion County Company I,\\nfrom Keokuk County; and Company K, from Benton and other counties. Par-\\nticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele s expedition. Banks Red River\\nexpedition, Jenkins Ferry, etc. Was mustered out at Port Gibson August 2,\\n1866.\\nTHE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY,\\nformerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa-\\nnies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart-\\nment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa\\nCity. Company A was from Black HaAvk, Johnson and other counties Com-\\npany B, from Johnson County and Company C, from Des Moines and various\\ncounties.\\nTHE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS)\\nwas organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was\\nfrom Dubuque County; Company B, Muscatine County; Company C, Jones,\\nLinn and Dubuque Counties; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties; Com-\\npany E, Bremer and Butler Counties Company F, Clinton and Jackson\\nCounties Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties Company H, Boone\\nand Polk Counties Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth\\ndid garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven-\\nport, September 15, 1864.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nTHE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS)\\nwas mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mount\\nPleasant, as Colonel S. A, Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and\\nJ. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following\\ncounties A, Henry B, Washington C, Lee D, Davis E, Henry and\\nLee F, Des Moines G, Des Moines and Henry H, Henry I, Jefferson,\\nand K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864.\\nTHE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS)\\nwas organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel L. D. Durbin,\\nof Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus-\\ntered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864, Company A was from Dubuque; Com-\\npany B, from Poweshiek C, from Dallas and Guthrie D, from Taylor and\\nFayette; E, from Ringgold and Linn F, from Winneshiek and Delaware G,\\nfrooQ Appanoose and Delaware; H, from Wayne; I, from Cedar, and K, from\\nLucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, September 23, 1864.-\\nTHE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS)\\nwas mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with\\nJames P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel John Williams, of Iowa City, as\\nLieutenant Colonel, and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. Company\\nA was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company B, from Appanoose\\nCounty Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties Company B, from\\nBuchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company\\nF, from Polk County Company G, from Johnson County Company H, from\\nKeokuk County: Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from\\nWapello.\\nTHE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY BATTALION (100 DAYS)\\nwas organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. H. P.\\nScott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren\\nCounty; Company B, from Jasper County; Company C, from Decatur County,\\nand Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and was mustered out at\\nRock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864.\\nCAVALRY.\\nTHE FIRST CAVALRY\\nwas organized at Burlington, and mustered into the United States service May\\n3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel Chas. E. Moss,\\nof Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington,\\nJames 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors.\\nCompany A was from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties Company B,\\nfrom Clinton County Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties Com-\\npany D, from Madison and Vfairen Counties; Company E, from Henry\\nCounty Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties Company G, from\\nDubuque and Black Hawk Counties Company II, from Lucas and Morrison\\nCounties Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties Company K,\\nfrom Allamakee and Clayton Counties Company L, from Dubuque and other", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245\\ncounties Company M, from Clinton County It was engaged at Pleasant\\nHill, Mo.; Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe,\\nWarrensburg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered\\nout at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866.\\nTHE SECOND CAVALRY\\nwas organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel Edward\\nHatch, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall-\\ntown, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors,\\nand was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September 1,\\n1861. Company A was from Muscatine County Company B, from Marshall\\nCounty Company C, from Scott County Company D, from Polk County\\nCompany E, from Scott County Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin\\nCounties Company G, from Muscatine County Company H, from Johnson\\nCounty Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties Com-\\npany K, from Des Moines County Company L, from Jackson County, and\\nCompany M, from Jackson County. The Second Cavalry participated in the\\nfollowing military movements Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone-\\nville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson,\\nGrenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford, and en-\\ngagements against Hood s march on Nashville, battle of Nashville, etc. Was\\nmustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865.\\nTHE THIRD CAVALRY\\nwas organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au-\\ngust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H.\\nH. Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald-\\nwell and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from\\nDavis County Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties Company C,\\nfrom Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren\\nCounties Company F, from Jefferson County Company G, from Van Buren\\nCounty Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties Company I,\\nfrom Appanoose County Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties\\nCompany L, from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De-\\ncatur Counties. It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes\\nPea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope s Farm,\\nBig Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore s Mill, near Monte-\\nvallo, near Independence, Pine Bluff, Botts Farm, Gun Town, White s Station,\\nTupelo, Village Creek. Was mustered out of United States service at Atlanta,\\nGa., August 9, 1865.\\nTHE FOURTH CAVALRY\\nwas organized with Asbury B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel Thomas\\nDrummond, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel S. D. Swan, of Mount Pleas-\\nant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Moisnt Pleasant, as\\nMajors, and mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant November\\n21, 1861. Company A was from Delaware County; Company C, from Jef-\\nferson and Henry Counties Company D, from Henry County Company E,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "246 HISTOHY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nfrom Jasper and Poweshiek Counties Company F, from Wapello County\\nCompany G, from Lee and Henry Counties Company II, from Chickasaw\\nCounty Company I, from Madison County Company K, from Henry\\nCounty; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties; and Company M,\\nfrom tiefterson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage-\\nments Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem-\\nphis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columhus, Ga.; Mechanicshurg, Miss.; Little\\nBlue River, Ark.; Brownsville, !Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge,\\nMiss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River.\\nMiss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; lack Crook, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.;\\nSt. Francis lliver. Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865.\\nTHE FIFTH CAVALRY\\nwas organized at Omaha with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colo-\\nnel M. T. Patrick, of Ouudui, as Lieutenant Colonel and C. S. Bernstein,\\nof Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September 21, 18l51. Companies A,\\nB, C and D were mostly from Nebraska Company E, from Dubuque County\\nCompany F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties Company G, from\\nMinnesota; Company H, fnmi Jackson and other counties; Companies I and\\nK wore from ^Lnuesota; Company L, from ^Lnnesota and Missouri; Com-\\npany M, from Missouri Companies G, I and K were transferred to INLnnesota\\nVolunteers Feb. 25, 1804. The new Company G was organized from veterans\\nand recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Intantry, and trans-\\nferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company I was organ-\\nized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the\\nFifth Iowa Infantry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry August 18, 1864.\\nWa* engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge,\\nSugar Creek, Xewnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro,\\nEbenezer Church, Lockbridge s Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at\\nNashville, Tenn., August II, 1865.\\nTHE SIXTH CAVALRY.\\nwas organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel S. M. Pollock, of\\nDubu(iue, as Lieutenant Colonel T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten-\\nBroeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered\\nin at Davenport, January ol, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other\\ncounties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from\\nFayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from\\nSouthwest counties of the State Company F, from Allamakee and other\\ncounties Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties Company H,\\nfrom Linn County Company I, from Johnson and other counties Company\\nK, from Linn County; Company L, from Clayton County; Company M, from\\nJohnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier\\nagainst the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865.\\nTHE SEVENTH CAVALRY\\nwas organized at Davenport, and mustered into the United States service April\\n27, I860, with S. W^ Summers, of Ottnmwa, as Colonel John Pattee, of Iowa\\nCity, as Lieutenant Colonel; H. II. Heath and G. M. OBrien, of Dubuque,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 247\\nand John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were\\nfroia Wapello and other counties in innnediate vicinity; Companies E, F, G\\nand II, were from all parts of the State Company I, from iSioux City and\\nknown as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was ori finally Company A of the\\nFourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was\\nfrom Johnson and other counties Company L was originally Company B, of\\nthe Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty and\\nwas from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the\\nFourtcentli Infimtry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des\\nMoines and other counties. Tlie Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi-\\nans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi-\\nment was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866. Companies\\nK, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June 12, 1866.\\nTHE EIGHTH CAVALRY\\nwas organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel H. G. Barner, of\\nSidney, as Lieutenant Colonel John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J. D. Thompson,\\nof Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, as Majors, and were mustered in at\\nDavenport September 80, 1868. The companies were mostly from the follow-\\ning counties: Company A, Page; B, Wapello; C, Van Buren; D, Ring-\\ngold; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton H, Appanoose; I, Marshall;\\nIv, Muscatine; L, Wapello; M, Polk. The Eighth did a large amount of duty\\nguarding Sherman s communications, in which it had many small engagements.\\nIt was in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy s Station, Newnan, Nashville,\\netc. Was on Stoneman s cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson s raid\\nthrough Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865.\\nTHE NINTH CAVALRY\\nwas mustered in at Davenport, November 80, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of\\nCedar Falls, as Colonel J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel E.\\nT. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had-\\ndock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County\\nCompany B, Linn County; Company C, Wapello and Decatur Counties Com-\\npany D, Washington County Company E, Fayette County Company F,\\nClayton County Companies G and II, various counties Company I, Wapello\\nand Jefferson Counties Company K, Keokuk County Company L, Jasper\\nand Marion Counties Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered\\nout at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866.\\nARTILLERY.\\nTHE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY\\nwas enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson,\\nBlack Ilawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. H.\\nFletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson,\\nin Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus-\\ntered out at Davenport July 5, 1865.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nTHE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY\\nwas enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat-\\ntamie, and mustered into United States service at Council Blufts and St. Louis,\\nMo Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Blufts, as\\nCaptain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at\\nDavenport, Aug. 7, 1865.\\nTHE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY\\nwas enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and\\nmustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M.\\nM. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc.\\nWas mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865.\\nTHE FOURTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY\\nwas enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus-\\ntered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap-\\ntain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865.\\nMISCELLANEOUS.\\nTHE FOURTH BATTALION\\nCompany A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain; Company B, from\\nTaylor County, John Flick, Captain Company C, from Page County, J.\\nWhitcomb, Captain.\\nTHE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE\\nwas organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier,\\nJames A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A,\\nB, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties.\\nTHE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE\\nwas organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the Southern border\\nof the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com-\\npany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County. Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B,\\nFirst Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company\\nA, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn; Company B, Sec-\\nond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A,\\nThird Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B,\\nThird Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C,\\nThird Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain.\\nTHE FIRST INFANTRY AFRICAN DESCENT (SIXTIETH U. S.)\\nwas organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis-\\nsouri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L.\\nMurphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at\\nvarious places in the Fall of 1863. The men were from all parts of the State\\nand some from Missouri.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249\\nDuring the war, the following promotions were made by the United States\\nGovernment from Iowa regiments:*\\nMAJOR GENERALS\\nSamuel R. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863.\\nFrederick Steele, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1863.\\nFrank J. Herron, Brigadier General, from ]^ovember 20, 1863.\\nGrenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864.\\nBRIGADIER GENERALS.\\nSamuel R. Curtis, Colonel 3d Infantry, from May 17, 1861.\\nFrederick Steele, Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1863.\\nJacob G. Launian, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1863.\\nGrenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1863.\\nJames M. Tuttle, Colonel 3d Infantry, from June 9, 1863.\\nWashington L. Elliott, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from June 11, 1863.\\nFitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry from July 6, 1863.\\nFrank J. Herron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1863.\\nCharles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from November 39, 1862.\\nWilliam Vandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1863.\\nMarcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Nov. 39, 1863. (Since died.)\\nHugh T. Eeid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863.\\nSamuel A. Rice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863.\\nJohn M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863.\\nCyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864.\\nEdward Hatch, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from April 37, 1864.\\nElliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864.\\nWm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864.\\nJohn Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, from September 26, 1864.\\nJames A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864.\\nJames I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865.\\nBREVET MAJOR GENERALS.\\nJohn M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864.\\nEdward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December 15, 1864.\\nAVm. ^y. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865.\\nW. L. Elliott, Brigadier Genend, from March 13, 1865.\\nWm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865.\\nBREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS.\\nWm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 23, 1864.\\nEdward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 13, 1864.\\nS. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. (Since died.)\\nThos. H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from December 15, 1864.\\nSamuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from December 19, 1864.\\nClark R. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865.\\nFrancis M. Drake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 23, 1865.\\nGeorge A. Stone, Colonel 35th Infantry, from March 13, 1865.\\nDatus E. Coon, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865.\\nGeorge W. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865.\\nHerman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865.\\nJ. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865.\\nW. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865.\\n*ThomaB J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General,\\nto date from Nov. 21, 1801.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "250\\nHISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2IB-joj;\\neo u3 CO C^\\nCO lO CO (M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sdjoQ\\nS3a -laA 01\\n05 .-I i-H IM\\nCO i-i i-H S\\nu 5eoi-it~-^Oi-(Oi-i \u00c2\u00bbl\\niOCOt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it^COCOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 llO\\nw\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I\\nDO\\npq\\nP5\\nHH\\no\\nt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I\\nPh\\no\\nCO\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 H\\nEH\\nCO\\no\\nPQ\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pajn^fdBO\\ni-H lO CO\\ni-H i-H CO\\nr-: i!\u00c2\u00bbc^c5.-i *(MTti\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sapi-enstio \\\\b}Oj^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2p9S3tinst(j\\nCO CO i-H S\\ni-H N CO irj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2panSisajj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2lT3?ox\\nM 05 t^ CO l-H\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jft^BjnaptDOv\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2UOIp B uj\\nT}( c i 05 CO to 1\\nTt ro CO rH rt*\\nCO CO t\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I uO\\nITSJOx\\n--H C^ UO O rH\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2aAion5[\\njf^i^iq BSip joj\\nr-l CO i-H\\nM .-I i-i\\nr- CO lO o\\nrH C l .-I l^l-l\\njq CO CO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Fjox\\nCO C^l CO CO (M\\nSuiUMOjp Aq\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2asTJSsip JO\\nC^ (M CO (M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2spunoAv JO\\nO l-H I-I Tjl\\nO CO CO O iC o\\n(M i-H (N CO (N\\niCOuOl-HCOl-Ht^ .IMl-H^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2IT!]0X\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I i-H CO CO lO C 1 CO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2.^HB^uapiooy\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2notp B ni\\nrH t-H CO so LO\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0MC^COiCt^ ^COCOCOCOCOtN\\n(M5^co *t^ ^cocDOeoeo(N\\nti ci\\nOr- O\\n(3 -13\\nr3 t. t 5:;\\n5 O 03\\n5 _ O P\u00c2\u00bb\\no5\\neS\\nc\\nA a t; ,=3\\nr*^fi-. Sm fc^,\\nis bo\\nSt:\\no S tj\\n^m\\n!3 1 \u00c2\u00abi-c\\nM 13 -73 -73 ,a\\nla c fl -rs tj\\nt^ O O O !h t.\\nt, Ci CJ CJ 3\\nfi* 02 OJ OJ H H Pm\\n3 i-H d\\nt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I -3 I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I I", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n251\\nlO (N (M lO eo i-( (M\\nrH (N rH (M ,-1\\n\u00c2\u00bb0 W N lO CO T-H Tq\\n.-I iM 1-1 C^ .-1\\nM CO r-H IC\\nlO I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I I\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCO(Mi-l .!NMlO(M *i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 l^OO-^OOCO .l:~C )r-lr-lr-l IcO\\n(Mi-Hcc :co :(Mco(Moco\\n(M i-H\\n(M (M r-H rH rH Tj (M (M CO ICO\\neOtDOCOCO(M-^O^i\u00c2\u00bb!D *COeoiOIM\u00c2\u00ab:^(MiCLOCO :iCt-coeo M(NrH\\nT-icOi-irH(M(M,-i :(N-*(Nrt O3e0i-i!M N(Mi-i(M\\nto CO CO (M C 1 1-H\\nIM CO CO (M 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I CO -M CO M (N Tt\\n(M i-H lO CO i-i\\n:Dio?^ :ioi- i-H- *(Mt- :c i\\n(N CO\\nUt) I-H I-H Ttl IM t^\\n;C2\\nJ-\\nc\\nc -1^ S P a\\ne O ti^ oS\\nCO\\nh\\nt-\\nS^\\na a\\nS a* c a\\nr- (P a) (U\\nfa Em fe cc cc W Jz;\\nn a\\nw\\nU H\\np PC n a Pcccc -S\\n^2^ a\\nI-H\\nJ- a\\n3c S g: bo.P^ ^\u00e2\u0080\u00a25 ^-6,0\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2s -s 2 S 2 3 S S i2\\nHHHE-iHHeHHE-iHCMfafaCJifc,fc fa", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "252\\nHISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nP3\\nCO\\nCD\\nPC?\\no\\no\\nt-H\\n52;\\no\\n\u00c2\u00ab2\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 H\\np(5\\nPQ\\n12;\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2mox\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2juaui\\n-luioddy ifg\\nsdjOQ -AOX\\nCO 5^ c^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pajn:)dT;3\\n-H CO 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I O 05\\n(M t p Ci Z\\n1-1 (M\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0S9t^IBnsB;3 I^^oj^\\neOC^JOO MCO(M-*C\u00c2\u00bb-tl(MOt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 r^OCClOOOOt^asOOCOOLOOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ICOC.\\nO t^ O 0 OI O t^ L-r IM O t~ I O \u00c2\u00bb0 5D W t^ Oi O OO O lr~ CT\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22aisstj\\\\[\\nc^ o so\\nI B^OX\\nt- lO rl CO 1\\nCO tl Ttl\\nl-( T l\\n(M c^] u-r Tj( oi .-I\\nI I^ 00 C? CO T-H iC -o\\nCO 04 CO CO (N CO I^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ifn^^^^pp^v\\nCOeOCl^COCOrHCMC^i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 li\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1^\\nCO CO O\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uotpv \u00c2\u00b0I\\nt- CC M\\nCt -t Tt OI\\ni-H (M CO\\nCI 00 -H 00 o 1^\\nt-H I^ Of M IC O\\nCO (M CO CO (N cc\\nimojj\\nC005 OCOC0^2CD-^(M ^CDCOi-Ht-\\nOcDOct ^jQD-^cococoi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 l ^^T-l\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0M 1-H CO (M !N (N\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2UMoaJi\\nXmiqBsjd ao J\\nt^OOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i 40QOa3 *iooco.-HC^\\nX)-*(M OC~r-(M- *iCiC4i-Hr4r-(\\nr^ rH M 1-H i-H Ol\\nOOCCCOOt-hOOI^OOOOOOO^ M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2M 04 CO O Ct O 00 O O\\nCO s^ c^i ii^?qcocscs[\\nl-~ SN CO rH CM M O O CO tr-\\nee i-ho o r].-HOO *-*co\\n1-H i-H .-iiM(Mi-H(M(Mrt\\nmox\\nMi.0i-Hr-0 -H *0rt 0-*CO\\n.-HOl-^OCOt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OOt^lOCOCO\\neO(M(M(Mr-H r-li-Hi-H\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03uinAioj(x ifg\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2*CO MTt(C^- til^-^CC\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2apping jfg\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2astasia: JO\\nt-r-HTtl^Ot^OiCNi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ISSi-HCSCOlO\\nCX3a2-M00lMiOO5C5CDiO(MC0\\n.-H T-H (M T-H r-H I-H\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2spunOAV JO\\ncCOC-^t^OiOOOTfS^IC^tOO\\nI-H (M T-H M M T-H ai c^5 lO r- 00 CO i^\\nr-H I-H (M,-HrtrtrH(Mi-H\\nCV| rt P-H\\niN I-H r-H I-H (M I-H\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2l^JOI\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jC^ltsToappov\\n00C0 tl *O0I00C0T-H\\nCO I-H T-H\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uoipv ^I\\n43\\nc3 cS cS cS\\n^fe^u\\nCO So*\\n-2 is 2 t^ S -d n\\noa ca c2\\nI\\nI H 1^ fe\\n02 02\\nCS 1-H (M CO\\ni.\u00c2\u00a3^\\nb\u00c2\u00ab\\nO) a o) JrJ a\\npq Z J -)_Q fs(\\nt-H p\u00c2\u00bb sa\\n73 rs 13\\nfl fl fl\\no o o\\nh\\nEh fl -s E? a -n\\nCJ 1 o3 t; S o3\\n,03 0) t\u00c2\u00ab g 5j fl tS\\n13 13 o .2 S\\nEh H Cm fs* 02 02\\n73 Jd ,\u00c2\u00a33\\n*3", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n253\\nt^(MOcoiMi~-t:^coooco-^ Moa *a505iocot~r~(Mcoooc^\\niffl CO C I n uO CO\\n\u00c2\u00ab3 N r-1 i-H (M\\nr-l\\nr-l\\nu3\\n2\\ni-ieOlOO -l ^\u00c2\u00ab5COiOCO(MiO Mr-H5DQO :iCOCDtM :oo\\nT-H 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 .1\u00e2\u0080\u00941 T-l\\n?o CO o\\n00\\ncD05iocor-ieor-icoior~a5050 -iaocooocor-H-x c^t-ooca\\n.-H t~ s^i 00 c^ o\\nlO I-H I-H (M\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1\\nCO\\n\u00c2\u00bbOOOOOM :t^TriOCOOrH(Mt- t~i-((MCO0OiO,-ii-ia5t^\\nCO (M (N (M c^\\ni-o t- CO M\\n1-1 CO o\\n3^\\n00\\nOaD!MCDr-lC30^C2 MC2 I tIO l *C^OCDi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iCOOClOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 IOCOOCSCOt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iCDi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 lI^LOC^OOt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -*CO\\ni-HCOiOC^1rHC li\u00e2\u0080\u0094 11\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i-5tlCO -OC0C01r^COtOCOCO0iT\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iTft-^OOODCD COi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ii- OCOOCOt-Ii\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iC^tl^ 00\\nOt~00iO OCCCOTjiiOCO O^DiOt^iOiOLOCOutiCOiO OiOiO lOCOvO-^-^CO CO\\nCO 1-1\\nt^foo m :cooi-h(m t-\\nr-{ T-\\nw\\nO\\nto OT C^J\\nC J O C5 CO\\nC^ CS (M 1-1\\ni^OlOTtHrHCOOOCOCO-^COlOCOOll-Ot^COCOCO\\na3a5Mir~ r5-*io-*ic^-*co-*co *oiOt^cocorH\\nCO(M(M rH rH(MrH(MrHrHrHS (M rHrH\\nTt^ CO \u00e2\u0096\u00a0M (rq C^l 00 rH\\nrH C5 O\\nrH rH\\nr-\\n00\\n00\\nCD r-H\\n(MrH :rHrH CO CO :COCO(MCOCO-*(MCO :l-H(^^\\nrH\\nO 00 O SS\\n(M O Ol CO\\ne l IM IM r-H\\n(MC5uOCOOCOI:^i-OCOOC IOSSC lt^J^lt^(MCOCO\\nOlODCMt^Cft-^-^rtHCM-^CO-^CO-TCSOt^COCOrH\\nCO M (M rlOir-lOiT-lr^i-lT^ (M r^,-t\\n(M CO c^ lo rH\\nrH as O rtl\\ni\\nO\\n00\\n00\\nrtI:^020^C )CT (MGOCOCOCOODt^ *aOi-l(MC^-+l(MOCOCOCOCOCOC5rtCOt~COT-iiO\\niO 5coa5i-lOOCMC^OOcOiOiOI^OCO- *iOOOC^ *t^cOTt rt COOOGliOi-i MiMi-l\\nrH M(Mi-t COC^S l(Mi-li-li-lf-li-IIMrtr-lC^i-lT-(i-li-li-li\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ICO i-lrHCOrHi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ir-^\\n00\\nOS\\nOeot\u00e2\u0080\u0094 co *(MC\u00c2\u00bbcocoiOco-^aocOTj(oOi-ioocot^coooO *it^\\neOCOt^lO COTtiOl rH 1-1 COi-l 1-lCOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ICOC l\\nr-l\\nt^ t^ -*l O C3\\nrH CO CO\\nl\\n00\\n1\u00e2\u0080\u00941\\ni-i-^C-lt^t^OOOsc^lcor-c^Oi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iOOO-*cot^a:t^coc;cDcoc: Mi:^cOQOc;ir~iO\\n(MiMOSCO t^cOI )(MOOOCO Ot^O M-*COO.-i(MCOOOOO (Mt^00!?)O00i-Hi-l\\nrH 1-1 i-( 1-4 IM 1-1 1-H (M rH rH rH rH rH Oq r-l rl r-i rH rH r-l rH rH rH (M rH rH CO rH rH\\no\\nTt4\\n1(5\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^COC^iO \u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^cscOOiO^MOOOODcoOCOOcDCOt^t^lr-cOrHCO ^lcOrHCM\\nt^t-rH- i :t^- *rHi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ico-^OOCO NO-HCOOOOcOi-OC^COCOCO rnOiO-t\\ni-io\\\\ oi f-i :(MlMrHrHr^rHrHrH(Mc^^(^^!^^rHl^^(^^(^q(^^CMl^^l^^ m cm rH\\nIM CrHCOOt^C-lS^lMCO\\nrH rH l-O\\n00 CO (M cq\\nti 00 (M\\nrH C^ rH i-H\\nTjit\u00e2\u0080\u0094 t^OSrHOt^COCCt^OiTtlOqOODCOrHCOCOOOCOOOICDrHOOSOSIvl ^t^COlO-^rH\\nOSrHasOCSCOlOtMOiOiOSOCOaO ^COCDOCD M rHOC Mrf rHrHl:^ rHrHIMTtI CO\\n-l T-l rHrHrHrHrHrHC^rHrH(MCM!MC lrH!M rHC^lrHCOrHrH CO\\nrH !M (M rH\\nrH rH :r-l (M\\n(Ml^COCOCOOOt^COOSCOOlOI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (MOSOlrHCOlO-*\\nl-tllO-*(MlO COiOCOvOCO-* OrHCOrHlO(M\\nI CO i-H CO lO\\n.b\\n3\\n!?a\\n.\u00c2\u00ab3 5^ Sfi\\na d\\na\\n1\\na\\nM\\nhH\\n.a\\n11)\\nb^H\\na\\nja 1-1\\nrt a\\nfe H CQ\\n(U\\nG a\\nD V\\nD Q\\n0)\\naj\\nhfi a\\n0(2\\nw;\\n=H fl -13 5 a -S\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a25=a M 3t2y3 S S S a^g\\n.2 i tk (kc5\\ni a\\n\u00c2\u00a71\\n:3 a\\n\u00c2\u00ab5\\n5 a\\nt2 a c3\\na fl =S S a\\n;g M a o\\nc o^ -5^ a -c\\naccfldaeaad\\nHHHHHHHHHH\\na-! Z o-^S n^ aai-i an\\nI .s s s s g a I a 1 5 1\\ncS g 5 .2 =2 -S g -53 d ^a S .S^^3\\ni 1 i 1 SfL r.cdaitcaJ^rl\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0*J-tJ-*i-tJ-\u00c2\u00bbH j.fcj-.J-fcJ-fc--ta- .,H T^ r^ i^ l-% r^ r^ -taj\\nO p tn h\\n.dja.aj3jaj3J3ja.a.ajao!iH _ _ _ _ _\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0B o\\no fe\\nCO o\\nI I i\\nb^", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "254\\nHISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nNUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA\\nDURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION,\\nTO JANUARY 1, 1865.\\nNo. Regiment.\\n1st Iowa\\n2d\\n3d\\n4th\\n5th\\n6th\\n7th\\n8th\\n9th\\n10th\\n11th\\n12th\\n13th\\n14th\\n15th\\n16th\\n17th\\n18th\\n19th\\n20th\\n21st\\n22d\\n23d\\n24th\\n25th\\n26th\\n27th\\n28th\\n29th\\n30th\\n31st\\n32d\\nS3d\\n34th\\nS5th\\n36th\\n37th\\n38th\\nInfantry\\nNo. of\\nmen.\\n959\\n1,247\\n1,074\\n1,184\\n1,03\\n1,013\\n1,138\\n1,027\\n1,090\\n1,027\\n1,022\\n981\\n989\\n840\\n1,196\\n919\\n956\\n875\\n985\\n925\\n980\\n1,008\\n961\\n979\\n995\\n919\\n940\\n956\\n1,005\\n978\\n977\\n925\\n985\\n953\\n984\\n986\\n914\\n910\\nNo. Regiment.\\n39th Iowa Infantry\\n40th\\n41st Battalion Iowa Infantry\\n44th Infantry (100-days men)\\n45th\\n46th\\n47th\\n48th Battalion\\n1st Iowa Cavalry\\n2d\\n3d\\n4th\\n5th\\n6th\\n7th\\n8th\\n9th\\nSioux City Cavalry*\\nCo. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry\\n1st Battery Artillery\\n2d\\n3d\\n4th\\n1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf\\nDodge s Brigade Band\\nBand of 2d Iowa Infantry\\nEnlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1\\n1864, for the older Iowa regiments\\nEnlistments of Iowa men in regiments\\nof other States, over\\nTotal\\nRe-enlisted Veterans for ditferent Regi-\\nments\\nAdditional enlistments\\nGrand total as far as reported up to Jan.\\n1, 1865\\nNo. of\\nmen.\\n933\\n900\\n294\\n867\\n912\\n892\\n884\\n346\\n1,478\\n1,394\\n1,360\\n1,227\\n1,245\\n1,125\\n562\\n1,234\\n1,178\\n93\\n87\\n149\\n123\\n142\\n152\\n903\\n14\\n10\\n2,765\\n2,500\\n61,653\\n7,202\\n6,664\\n75,519\\nThis does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor\\nthe names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States.\\nAfterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry,\\nf Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\n255\\nPOPULATION OF IOWA,\\nBy Counties.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nAGGREGATE.\\n1875.\\n1870.\\n1860.\\n1850.\\n1840.\\nVoters.\\nAdair\\n7045\\n7832\\n19158\\n17405\\n2370\\n28807\\n22913\\n17251\\n13220\\n17315\\n3561\\n3982\\n4614\\n17868\\n164-56\\n1212\\n22454\\n21706\\n14584\\n12528\\n17034\\n1585\\n984\\n1533\\n12237\\n11931\\n454\\n8496\\n8244\\n4232\\n4915\\n7906\\n57\\n1616\\nAdams\\n1727\\nAllamakee\\n777\\n3131\\n3653\\nAppanoose\\nAudubon\\n3679\\n527\\nBenton\\n672\\n135\\n735\\n4778\\nBlack Hawk\\n4877\\nBoone\\n3515\\nBremer\\n2666\\nBuchanan\\n517\\n3890\\nBuena Vista\\n817\\nBuncombe*\\nButler\\n11734\\n3185\\n5760\\n10552\\n17879\\n6685\\n4249\\n11400\\n10118\\n3559\\n27184\\n34295\\n6039\\n14386\\n15757\\n13249\\n16893\\n35415\\n1748\\n43845\\n1436\\n20515\\n13100\\n6558\\n13719\\n7028\\n8134\\n9638\\n7701\\n1482\\n15029\\n11818\\n21594\\n7875\\n3455\\n794\\n17456\\n23061\\n24128\\n17127\\n24654\\n19168\\n9951\\n1602\\n2451\\n6464\\n19731\\n4722\\n1967\\n10180\\n8735\\n1523\\n27771\\n35357\\n2530\\n12019\\n15565\\n12018\\n17432\\n27256\\n1389\\n38969\\n1392\\n16973\\n10768\\n4738\\n11173\\n4627\\n6399\\n7061\\n6055\\n999\\n13684\\n8931\\n21463\\n6282\\n2596\\n226\\n16644\\n22619\\n22116\\n17839\\n24898\\n19731\\n3724\\n147\\n281\\n1612\\n12949\\n940\\n58\\n4336\\n5427\\n62\\n20728\\n18938\\n383\\n5244\\n13764\\n8677\\n11024\\n19611\\n180\\n31164\\n105\\n12073\\n3744\\n1309\\n6074\\n1374\\n793\\n3058\\n1699\\n179\\n5440\\n3621\\n18701\\n3168\\n332\\n43\\n8029\\n18493\\n9883\\n15038\\n17573\\n13306\\n2598\\nCalhoun\\n681\\nCarroll\\n1197\\nCass\\n2422\\nCedar\\n3941\\n1253\\n3934\\n1526\\nCerro Gordo\\nCherokee\\n1001\\nChickasaw\\n2392\\nClarke\\n79\\n2213\\n868\\n3873\\n2822\\n1101\\n821\\n6272\\n5569\\n1244\\n854\\n7264\\n965\\n1759\\n12988\\n3170\\nDavis\\n3448\\n2882\\nDelaware\\n168\\n5577\\n3662\\nDes Moines\\n6654\\n394\\nDubuque\\nEmmett\\n10841\\n3059\\n8759\\n299\\nFajette\\n825\\n4637\\nFloyd\\n2884\\nFranklin\\n1374\\nFremont\\n1244\\n2998\\nGreene\\n1622\\nGrundy\\n1525\\nGuthrie\\n2339\\n1455\\n303\\nHardin\\n3215\\nHarrison\\n2658\\nHenry\\nHoward\\n8707\\n3772\\n4641\\n1712\\nHumboldt\\n695\\n172\\n822\\n7210\\n1280\\n9904\\n4472\\n3007\\n3576\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJohnson\\nJones\\n1411\\n4901\\n6239\\n2773\\n1491\\n471\\n8721\\n6225\\n4180\\nIn 1862, name changed to Lyon.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "256\\nHISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.\\nPOPULATION OF IOWA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Concluded.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nKeokuk\\nKossuth\\nLee\\nLinn\\nLouisa\\nLucas\\nLyon*\\nMadison\\nMahaska\\nMarion\\nMarshall\\nMills\\nMitchell\\nMonona\\nMonroe\\nMontgomery\\nMuscatine\\nO Brien\\nOsceola\\nPage\\nPalo Alto\\nPlymouth\\nPocahontas\\nPolk\\nPottawat tomie\\nPoweshiek\\nRinggold\\nSac\\nScott\\nShelby\\nSioux\\nStory\\nTama\\nTaylor\\nUnion\\nVan Buren\\nWapello\\nWarren\\nWashington\\nWayne\\nWebster\\nWinnebago\\nWinneshiek\\nWoodbury\\nWorth\\nWright\\nTotal\\nFormerly Buncombe.\\nAGGREGATE.\\n1875.\\n1870.\\n1860.\\n1850.\\n1840.\\nVoters.\\n20488\\n3765\\n33913\\n31815\\n12499\\n11725\\n1139\\n16080\\n28718\\n24094\\n19629\\n10555\\n11523\\n2267\\n12811\\n1U389\\n21623\\n2349\\n1778\\n14274\\n2728\\n5282\\n2249\\n31558\\n21665\\n16482\\n7546\\n2873\\n39763\\n5664\\n3120\\n13111\\n18771\\n10418\\n8827\\n16980\\n23865\\n18541\\n19269\\n13978\\n13114\\n2986\\n24233\\n8568\\n4908\\n3244\\n19434\\n3351\\n38210\\n28852\\n12877\\n10388\\n221\\n13884\\n22508\\n24436\\n17576\\n8718\\n9582\\n3654\\n12724\\n5934\\n21688\\n715\\n13271\\n416\\n29232\\n18947\\n10370\\n5766\\n4822\\n4202\\n773\\n18861\\n5444\\n4939\\n471\\n6093\\n1373\\n1927\\n7274\\n7509\\n2899\\n2464\\n287\\n7339\\n14816\\n16813\\n6015\\n4481\\n3409\\n832\\n8612\\n1256\\n16444\\n8\\n1179\\n3632\\n5989\\n5482\\n338\\n5287\\n4988\\n4445\\n2365\\n2338\\n1292\\n2743\\n2884\\n2485\\n5731\\n1942\\n6588\\n595\\n498\\n9975\\n1336\\n2199\\n1446\\n27857\\n16893\\n15581\\n5691\\n1411\\n38599\\n2540\\n576\\n11651\\n16131\\n6989\\n6986\\n17672\\n22346\\n17980\\n18952\\n11287\\n10484\\n1562\\n23570\\n6172\\n2892\\n2392\\n4419\\n132\\n148\\n103\\n11625\\n4968\\n5668\\n2923\\n246\\n25959\\n818\\n10\\n4051\\n5285\\n3590\\n2012\\n17081\\n14518\\n10281\\n14236\\n6409\\n2504\\n168\\n13942\\n1119\\n756\\n653\\n551\\n3222\\n556\\n1136\\n464\\n4513\\n7828\\n615\\n6842\\n4392\\n3634\\n1496\\n657\\n5986\\n2140\\n7109\\n1084\\n637\\n2574\\n8\\n204\\n3911\\n2282\\n1924\\n12270\\n8471\\n961\\n4957\\n340\\n6146\\n3898\\n5346\\n4168\\n1594\\n4168\\n2947\\n2747\\n406\\n546\\n4117\\n1776\\n763\\n694\\n1353118\\n1191792\\n674913\\n192214\\n43112\\n284557", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 257\\nILLINOIS.\\nLength, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square\\nmiles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a\\ntable-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above\\nthe sea level composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains.\\nMuch of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are\\nthickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees\\nscattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the\\nState are the Mississippi dividing it from Iowa and Missouri the Ohio\\n(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San-\\ngamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable\\nstreams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari-\\nous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly\\ncoal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field\\nalone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North\\nAmerica. Climate tolerably equable and healthy the mean temperature\\nstanding at about SI Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes\\na competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root-\\ncrops yielding plentiful returns in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois\\nmay be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of\\nlands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock-\\nraising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in\\nregard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand-\\ning scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten-\\nsive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal\\nconnecting the Illinois Eiver with Lake Michigan, and thence with the\\nSt. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties the\\nchief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria,\\nGalena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti-\\ntution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 61 Senators,\\nelected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years which\\nnumbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of\\nsix per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and\\neducational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very\\nflourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb\\nAsylum at Jacksonville a State Penitentiary at Joliet and a Home for\\n(99)", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "258\\nTHE NORTHWESTERN STATES.\\nSoldiers Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of\\nthe State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833\\nunprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized\\nproperty presented the following totals assessed, $840,031,703 equal-\\nized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th^. whole of\\nthe eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and\\nwest of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1678, at\\nCahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements\\nformed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction\\nwith Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787.\\nIllinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends\\n19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 25\\nINDIANA.\\nTlie profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy-\\ning one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The\\ngreater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle\\nundulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief\\nrivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous\\naffluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses most\\nparticularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and\\nWhite Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered\\nwith virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut-\\ning an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper,\\nmarble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an\\nagricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with\\nthe other cereals in lesser yields and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum,\\nhops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties,\\nand counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis\\n(the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson-\\nville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of\\nthe State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and\\nefficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status.\\nUpward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all\\ndirections, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding\\nmanufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating\\nOctober 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis-\\nbursements, \u00c2\u00a73,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State\\nTreasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This\\nState was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort\\nat Vincennes in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was\\nby the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791,\\nan Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of\\nOhio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana.\\nIn 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and\\nIllinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the\\ntheater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle\\nof Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among\\nthe States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a\\nmonetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad,\\ncanal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the\\ntime being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank-\\nruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the publia", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "260 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.\\nworks which had brought about that imbroglio especially the great\\nWabash and Erie Canal have been completed, to the great benefit of\\nthe State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by\\nrapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and\\npolitical prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851.\\nPopulation, 1,680^637.\\nIOWA.\\nIn shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram has a\\nlength, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208\\nmiles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres.\\nThe surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the\\nmiddle into an elevated plateau which forms the divide of the\\nMissouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south\\nsection, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with\\nwoodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered\\nthe principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form\\nrespectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des\\nMoines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is imjDortant\\nas occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of\\nan area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, cojDper, zinc, and iron,\\nare also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to\\nthe production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals fruits, vegetables,\\nand esculent roots maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples.\\nWine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul-\\ntural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely\\nengaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat\\nand cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried\\non in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000.\\nIowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water-\\ncommunication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically\\ndivided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population Des\\nMoines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur-\\nlington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The\\nState institutions of Iowa religious, scholastic, and philanthropic are\\non a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation,\\nwith those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially\\nwell cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the\\nAmerican territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana\\npurchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 263\\nwhen it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the\\nMichigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally,\\nafter being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of\\nthe Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 in 1870,\\n1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118.\\nMICHIGAN.\\nUnited area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the\\nUpper and smaller Peninsula length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating\\nbetween 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from\\n50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The\\nUpper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau,\\nexpanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum\\nheight of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently\\nbold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of\\ncopper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are\\nheavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich,\\nloamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural\\nproduce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter\\ncolds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals,\\ngrasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870,\\nthe acres of land in farms were improved, 5,096,939 unimproved\\nwoodland, 4,080,146 other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value\\nof land was -$398,240,578 of farming implements and machinery,\\n$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports,\\n874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188\\ntons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined.\\nInland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad\\nsystem, and by the St. Mary s Ship Canal, connecting Lukes Huron and\\nSuperior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties its chief\\nurban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette,\\nBay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the\\nState is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded\\ndebt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of\\nland to 1266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000.\\nEducation is largely diffused and most- excellently conducted and pro-\\nvided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit\\nand Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at\\nYpsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among\\nthe academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Cliippeway origin, and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "264 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.\\nsignifying Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French\\nCanadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad-\\ning-posts on the Indian frontier. During the Conspiracy of Pontiac,\\nfollowing the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a\\nsanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it\\nbecame annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region\\nwith the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803,\\nwhen it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of\\nwarlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in\\n1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress in\\n1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the\\nloth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059.\\nWISCONSIN.\\nIt has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215.\\nLand area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a\\nconsiderable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an\\nupland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally\\ndiversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed\\nover the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char-\\nacterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the Avest side the banks of\\nthe Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of\\nislands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the\\nState in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far\\ninland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula betw^een its waters\\nand those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three\\noutlets those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the MississipjDi, which\\nlatter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point\\ninto the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives\\nthe St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers Green Bay, the\\nMenomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox while into the Mississippi\\nempty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers.\\nThe chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court\\nOreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface.\\nThe climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm\\nSummers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system\\nrepresented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the\\nprimary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive\\ndeposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc\\nare found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 265\\nand various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry,\\nand one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of\\nvarying qualit}^ but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the\\nState heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals,\\ntogether with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege-\\ntables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number\\nof 102,004 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con-\\nsisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of\\nfarms, $300,414,064 of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364.\\nTotal estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and\\nadditions to stock, $78,027,032 of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933\\nof lumber, $1,327,618 of home manufactures, $338,423 of all live-stock,\\n$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ-\\ning 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,906.\\nThe political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places\\nof wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee,\\nFond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City,\\nRacine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation\\nreached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal\\nestate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,-\\n696; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983.\\nEducation is amply provided for. Independently of the State University\\nat Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and\\nthe colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at\\nPlatteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common\\nschool districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari-\\ntable institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an\\nInstitute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers Orphans School.\\nIn January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State\\ntotalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward\\ncompletion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author-\\nities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and\\nGerman origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the\\nState of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in\\n1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it\\nbecame annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it\\nreverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted\\nit within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it\\nto that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ-\\nently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union,\\nMarch 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of\\nthe colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of\\ntribal relations.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "266 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES,\\nMINNESOTA.\\nIts length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles its\\noreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or\\n64,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con-\\nsists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by\\nan admirable water-system, and with here and there heavil}^- timbered\\nbottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a\\nsuperfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark,\\ncalcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical\\nfeature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly\\nevery part of it into almost innumerable lakes the whole presenting an\\naggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides\\nthe Mississipj^i which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles\\nof country the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long),\\nthe Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of\\nlesser importance the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech,\\nMille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets\\nof water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America,\\nculminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of\\nan area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis-\\nsissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are, of lacustrine formation. In\\npoint of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very\\nimperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead all these are known to\\nexist in considerable deposits together with salt, limestone, and^potter s\\nclay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis-\\nfactory wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian\\ncorn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great\\nplenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are\\nimportant the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area\\nof some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled\\nlogs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages\\npossessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system.\\nThe political divisions of this State number 78 counties of which the\\nchief cities and towns are St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing,\\nSt. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has\\nalready assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State\\nthis is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos-\\nsesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of\\nflour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent\\ninterests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 267\\nEdacation is notably provided foy on a broad and catholic scale, the\\nentire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,-\\n816 while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school\\nfund stood at |)2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College,\\nNormal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned\\nsuch various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of\\nan intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for\\nthe fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the\\nright side to the amount of 1136,164, being a gain of ^44,000 over the\\nprevious year s figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota- by the\\nwhites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who\\ngave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi.\\nIn 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England.\\nTwenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory\\ntransferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde-\\npendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and,\\nMay 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation\\nof States. Population, 489,706.\\nNEBRASKA.\\nMaximum length, 412 miles extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area,\\n75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is\\nalmost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of\\nthe great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west\\ndivision, near the base of the Rock} Mountains, is a sandy belt of\\ncountry, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the dunes, resem-\\nbling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres,. a tract\\nof singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda-\\ntions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en-\\ntire east line of demarcation the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the\\nRepublican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the\\nPlatte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy\\nloam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All\\nthe vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great\\nsize and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally\\nwell fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to\\nthis branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively\\ninfertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible\\nof productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation.\\nFew minerals of moment have so far been found witliin tlie limits of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "268\\nTHE NORTHWESTERN STATES.\\nNebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt\\nCreeiv in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties,\\nindependent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized\\nterritory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln\\n(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870,\\nthe total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an\\nincrease of $11,000,000 over the previous year s returns. The total\\namount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was\\n$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University\\nand an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In\\nthe matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place\\nherself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter-\\nsected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair,\\nother tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con-\\ngressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1854, Nebraska entered the\\nUnion as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993.\\nlTT:NTlN(i PRAJBIE WOLVES IX AN liARLY DAY.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 269\\nCONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\\nAND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nWe, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union,\\nestablish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common\\ndefense, promote the general loelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty\\nto ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution\\nfor the United States of America.\\nArticle I.\\nSection 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in\\na Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and\\nHouse of Representatives.\\nSec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem-\\nbers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the\\nelectors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of\\nthe most numerous branch of the State Legislature.\\nNo person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the\\nage of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United\\nStates, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in\\nwhich he shall be chosen.\\nRepresentatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev-\\neral states which may be included within this Union, according to theii\\nrespective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole\\nnumber of free ]Dersons, including those bound to service for a term of\\nyears, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.\\nThe actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first\\nmeeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse-\\nquent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The\\nnumber of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand,\\nbut each state shall have at least one Representative and until such\\nenumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled\\nto choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan-\\ntations one, Connecticut five. New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva-\\nnia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five,\\nand Georgia three.\\nWhen vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the\\nExecutive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such\\nvacancies.\\nThe House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other\\nofficers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.\\nSec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two\\nSenators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years\\nand each Senator shall have one vote.\\nImmediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first\\nelection, they shall be divided as equall}^ as may be into three classes.\\nThe seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "270 AND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\ntion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth\\nyear, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that\\none-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by\\nresignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state,\\nthe Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next\\nmeeting of the Legislature, which shall then lill such vacancies.\\nNo person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age\\nof thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and\\nwho shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he\\nshall be chosen.\\nThe Vice-President of the United States shall be President of tli\\nSenate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.\\nThe Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro\\ntempore^ in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise\\nthe office of President of the United States.\\nThe Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When\\nsitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the\\nPresident of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside.\\nAnd no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds\\nof the members present.\\nJudgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to\\nremoval from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of\\nhonor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted\\nshall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment,\\nand punishment according to law.\\nSec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen-\\nators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis-\\nlature thereof but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter\\nsuch regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.\\nThe Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such\\nmeeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by\\nlaw appoint a different day.\\nSec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and\\nqualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute\\na quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to\\nday, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members\\nin such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.\\nEach house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its\\nmembers for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds,\\nexpel a member.\\nEach house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to\\ntime publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment,\\nrequire secrecy and the yeas and nays of the members of either house\\non any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered\\non the journal.\\nNeither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the\\nconsent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other\\nplace than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.\\nSec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen-\\nsation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the\\ntreasury of the United States. They shall in ail cases, except treason.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 271\\nfelony, and breach of the peace, be privileged frt)m arrest during their\\nattendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and\\nreturning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house\\nthey shall not be questioned in any other place.\\nNo Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was\\nelected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United\\nStates, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall\\nhave been increased during such time and no person holding any office\\nunder the United States, shall be a member of either house during his\\ncontinuance in office.\\nSec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of\\nRepresentatives but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments\\nas on ether bills.\\nEvery bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and\\nthe Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President\\nthe United States if he approve he shall sign it but if not he shall\\nreturn it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi-\\nnated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and\\nproceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that\\nhouse shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec-\\ntions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if\\napproved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all\\nsuch cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by eas and nays,\\nand the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered\\non the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned\\nby the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have\\nbeen presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he\\nhad signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its\\nreturn, in which case it shall not be a law.\\nEvery order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the\\nSenate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a\\nquestion of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the\\nUnited States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by\\nhim, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of\\nthe Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim-\\nitations prescribed in the case of a bill.\\nSec. 8. The Congress shall have power\\nTo lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts,\\nand provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United\\nutates but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout\\nthe United States\\nTo borrow money on the credit of the United States\\nTo regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several\\nStr.tes, and with the Indian tribes\\nTo establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on\\nthe subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States\\nTo coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and\\nfix the standard of weights and measures\\nTo provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and\\ncurrent coin of the United States;\\nTo establish post offices and post roads", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "272 -^ND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nTo promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing,\\nfor limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their\\nrespective writings and discoveries\\nTo constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court\\nTo define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high\\nseas, and offenses against the law of nations\\nTo declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules\\nconcerning captures on land and water\\nTo raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that\\nuse shall be for n longer term than two years\\nTo provide and maintain a navy\\nTo make rules for the government and regulation of the land and\\nnaval forces\\nTo provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the\\nUnion, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions\\nTo provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and\\nfor governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the\\nUnited States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the\\nofficers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci\\npline prescribed by Congress\\nTo exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not\\nexceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the\\nacceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United\\nStates, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by tha\\nconsent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for\\nthe erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful\\nbuildings and\\nTo malve all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying\\ninto execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this\\nConstitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart-\\nment or officer thereof.\\nSec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the\\nstates now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited\\nby the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight,\\nbut a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten\\ndollars for each person.\\nThe privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended,\\nunless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may\\nrequire it.\\nNo bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.\\nNo capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion\\nto the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.\\nNo tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.\\nNo preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev\\nenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels\\nbound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in\\nanother.\\nNo money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of\\nappropriations made by law and a regular statement and account of\\nthe receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from\\ntime to time.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 273\\nNo title of nobility shall be granted by the United States and no\\nperson holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the\\nconsent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title\\nof any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.\\nSec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder-\\nation grant letters of marque and reprisal coin money emit bills of\\ncredit make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of\\ndebts pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the\\nobligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.\\nNo state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts\\nor duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary\\nfor executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and\\nimposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the\\nTreasury of the United States and all such laws shall be subject to the\\nrevision and control of the Congress.\\nNo state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on\\ntonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any\\nagreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or\\nengage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will\\nnot admit of delay.\\nArticle II.\\nSection 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of\\nthe United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term\\nof four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same\\nterm, be elected as follows\\nEach state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof\\nmay direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators\\nand Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress;\\nbut no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or\\nprofit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.\\nThe Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by\\nballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of\\nthe same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the\\npersons voted for, and of the number of votes for each which list they\\nshall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government\\nof the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres-\\nident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep-\\nresentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted.\\nThe person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President,\\nif such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed\\nand if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal\\nnumber of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately\\nchoose by ballot one of them for President and if no person have a ma-\\njority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like\\nmanner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote\\nshall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one\\nvote a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members\\nfrom two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be\\nnecessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President,\\nThis clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendmfin*", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "274 AND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nthe person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be\\nthe Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have\\nequal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi-\\ndent.]\\nThe Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and\\nthe day on which they shall give their votes which day shall be the same\\nthroughout the United States.\\nNo person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United\\nStates at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible\\nto the office of President neither shall any person be eligible to that\\noffice who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been\\nfourteen years a resident within the United States.\\nIn case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death,\\nresignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said\\noffice, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress\\nmay by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil-\\nity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall\\nthen act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis-\\nability be removed, or a President shall be elected.\\nThe President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com-\\npensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the\\nperiod for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive\\nwithin that period any other emolument from the United States or any of\\nthem.\\nBefore he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol-\\nlowing oath or affirmation\\nI do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the\\noffice of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability,\\npreserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.\\nSec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and\\nnavy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when\\ncalled into the actual service of the United States; he may require the\\nopinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive\\ndepartments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective\\noffices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses\\nagainst the United States, exoept in cases of impeachment.\\nHe shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the\\nSenate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con-\\ncur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate,\\nhall appoint ambassaaors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of\\nihe Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose\\nappointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be\\nestablished by law but the Congress may by law vest the appointment\\nof such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in\\nthe courts of law, or in the heads of departments.\\nThe President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may\\nhappen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which\\nshall expire at the end of their next session.\\nSec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information\\nof the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea-\\nsures as he shall judge necessary and expedient he may on extraordinary", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 275\\noccasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree-\\nment between them, with resj)ect to the time of adjournment, he maj\\nadjourn them to such time as he shall think proper he shall receive\\nambassadors and other public ministers he shall take care that the laws be\\nfaithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United\\nStates.\\nSec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the\\nUnited States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con\\nviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.\\nArticle III.\\nSection I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested\\nin one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from\\ntime to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and\\ninferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at\\nstated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be\\ndiminished during their continuance in office.\\nSec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and\\nequity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and\\ntreaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority to all cases\\naffecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls to all cases of\\nadmiralty and maritime jurisdiction to controversies to which the United\\nStates shall be a party to controversies between two or more states\\nbetween a state and citizens of another state between citizens of differ-\\nent states between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants\\nof different states, and between a state or the citizens ihereof, and foreign\\nstates, citizens, or subjects.\\nIn all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls,\\nand those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have\\noriginal jurisdiction.\\nIn all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall\\nhave appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions\\nand under such regulations as the Congress shall make.\\nThe trial of all crimes, except in cases of imj^eachment, shall be hy\\njury and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall\\nhave been committed but when not committed within an}^ state, the\\ntrial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have\\ndirected.\\nSec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy-\\ning war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid\\nand comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes-\\ntimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open\\ncourt.\\nThe Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason\\nbut no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture\\nexcept during the life of the person attainted.\\nArticle IV.\\nSection 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the\\npublic acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. 4ud", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "276 AND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nthe Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such\\nacts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and tlie effect thereof.\\nSec. 2. The citizens of eacli state shall be entitled to all privileges\\nand immunities of citizens in the several states.\\nA person charged in any state Avith treason, felony, or other crime,\\nwho shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand\\nof the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered\\nup, to be removed to the state having jurisdid .on of the crime.\\nNo person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof\\nescaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation\\ntherein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered\\nup on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may bo due.\\nSec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union\\nbut no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any\\nother state nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states,\\nor parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states\\nconcerned, as well as of the Congress.\\nThe Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful\\nrules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging\\nto the United States and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed\\nas to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state.\\nSec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this\\nUnion a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them\\nagainst invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu-\\ntive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio-\\nlence.\\nArticle V.\\nThe Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it\\nnecessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap-\\nplication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call\\na convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be\\nvalid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati-\\nfied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con-\\nventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi-\\ncation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment\\nwhich may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and\\neight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth\\nsection of the first article and that no state, without its consent, shall\\nbe deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.\\nArticle VI.\\nAll debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop-\\ntion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under\\nthis Constitution as under the Confederation.\\nThis Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be\\nmade in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made,\\nunder the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the\\nland and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in\\nthe Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.\\nThe Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES\\n277\\nbers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi-\\ncers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound\\nby oath or affirmation to support this Constitution but no religious test\\nshall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under\\nthe United States.\\nArticle VII.\\nThe ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient\\nfor the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying\\nthe same.\\nDone in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the\\nseventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand\\nseven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the\\nUnited States of America the twelfth. In .witness whereof we have,\\nhereunto subscribed our names.\\nGEO. WASHINGTON,\\nPresident and Deputy from Virginia.\\nNeiu Hampshire.\\nJohn Langdon,\\nNicholas Gilman.\\nMassachusetts.\\nNathaniel Gokham,\\nRuFus King.\\nConnecticut.\\nWm. Sam l Johnson,\\nRoger Sherman.\\nDelaware.\\nGeo. Read,\\nJohn Dickinson,\\nJaco. Broom,\\nGunning Bedford, Jr.,\\nRichard Bassett.\\nMaryland.\\nJames M Henry,\\nDanl. Carroll,\\nDan. of St. Thos. Jenifer,\\nNew York.\\nAlexander Hamilton.\\nNetv Jersey.\\nWiL. Livingston,\\nWm. Paterson,\\nDavid Brearley,\\nJoNA. Dayton.\\nVirginia.\\nJohn Blair,\\nJames Majdison, Jr.\\nNorth Carolina.\\nWm. Blount,\\nHu. Williamson,\\nRich d Dobbs Spaight.\\nPetmsylvania.\\nB. Franklin,\\nRoBT. Morris,\\nThos. Fitzsimons,\\nJames Wilson,\\nThos. Mifflin,\\nGeo. Clymer,\\nJared Ingersoll,\\nGouv. Morris.\\nSouth Carolina.\\nJ. Rutledge,\\nCharles Pinckney,\\nChas. Cotesworth Pinckney,\\nPierce Butler.\\nGeorgia.\\nWilliam Few,\\nAbr. Baldwin.\\nWILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "278 AND ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nArticles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution\\nOF THE United States of America.\\nProposed by Congress and ratified hy the Legislatures of the several states^\\npursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution.\\nArticle I.\\nCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,\\nor prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of\\nspeech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,\\nand to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\\nArticle II.\\nA well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free\\nstate, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.\\nArticle III.\\nNo soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without\\nthe consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre-\\nscribed by law.\\nArticle IV.\\nThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,\\nand effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio-\\nlated and no warrants shall issue but upon prol)able cause, supported by\\noath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched\\nand the persons or things to be seized.\\nArticle V.\\nNo person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous\\ncrime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in\\ncases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual\\nservice in time of wai or public danger nor shall any person be subject\\nfor the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor shall\\nbe compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be\\ndeprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor\\nshall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.\\nArticle VL\\nIn all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to\\nspeedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district\\nwherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have\\nbeen previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and\\ncause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him;\\nto have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to\\nhave the assistance of counsel for his defense.\\nArticle VII.\\nIn suits at common law, wliere the value in controversy shall exceed\\ntwenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fa.ct", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 281\\ntried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United\\nStates than according to the rules of the common law.\\nArticle VIII.\\nExcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed,\\nnor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\\nArticle IX.\\nThe enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be\\nconstrued to deny or disparage others retained by the people.\\nArticle X.\\nThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,\\nnor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively,\\nor to the people.\\nArticle XI.\\nThe judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to\\nextend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one\\nof the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub-\\njects of any foreign state.\\nArticle XII.\\nThe Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot\\nfor President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an\\ninhabitant of the same state with themselves they shall name in their\\nballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the\\nperson voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of\\nall persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-\\nPresident, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign\\nand certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United\\nStates, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the\\nSenate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,\\nopen all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person\\nhaving the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President,\\nif such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors aj)pointed\\nand if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the\\nhighest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as\\nPresident, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by\\nballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be\\ntaken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a\\nquorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-\\nthirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to\\na choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi-\\ndent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the\\nfourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as\\nPresident, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of\\nthe President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-\\nPresident, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority\\nof the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "282 AKD ITS AMENDMENTS.\\nitj; then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose\\nthe Vice-President a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds\\nof the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number\\nshall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible\\nto the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the\\nUnited States.\\nAeticle XIII.\\nSection 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a\\npunishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,\\nshall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris-\\ndiction.\\nSec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro-\\npriate legislation.\\nAeticle XIV.\\nSection 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and\\nsubject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and\\nof the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law\\nwhich shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United\\nStates; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,\\nwithout due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction\\nthe equal protection of the laws.\\nSec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states\\naccording to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per-\\nsons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed but when the right to\\nvote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-\\nPresident of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu-\\ntive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature\\nthereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being\\ntwenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way\\nabridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of\\nrepresentation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num-\\nber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens\\ntwenty-one years of age in such state.\\nSec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress,\\nor Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or\\nmilitary, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ-\\nously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the\\nUnited States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu-\\ntive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the\\nUnited States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the\\nsame, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may\\nby a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.\\nSec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author-\\nized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun-\\nties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques-\\ntioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt\\nor obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the\\nUnited States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts,\\nobligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.\\n283\\nArticle XV.\\nSection 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not\\nbe denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of\\nrace, color, or previous conditioji of servitude.\\nVOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876.\\nCounties.\\n1877.\\nGovernor.\\n1876.\\nPresident.\\nCOUXTIES.\\n1877.\\nGovernor.\\n1S76.\\nPresident.\\nRep.\\nDem.\\nGr.\\nPro.\\nRep.\\nDem.\\nRep.\\nDem.\\nGr.\\nPro.\\nRep.\\nDem.\\n982\\n876\\n1547\\n1165\\n410\\n1432\\n178(1\\n1612\\n1180\\n1290\\n747\\n1453\\n418\\n633\\n1592\\n1315\\n903\\n562\\n1279\\n1054\\n517\\n1873\\n2444\\n898\\n1541\\n893\\n1269\\n1226\\n2315\\n197\\n1587\\n213\\n1933\\n1233\\n1311\\n1250\\n1031\\n909\\n1160\\n842\\n340\\n1492\\n1348\\n1770\\n551\\n382\\n321\\n1132\\n1619\\n1977\\n1396\\n161\\n397\\n1540\\n1049\\n352\\n712\\n1111\\n981\\n582\\n769\\n192\\n758\\n75\\n744\\n839\\n1093\\n348\\n74\\n1107\\n267\\n16\\n1770\\n2327\\n651\\n215\\n1231\\n961\\n1143\\n1384\\n8\\n3415\\n28\\n1067\\n208\\n336\\n1331\\n215\\n504\\n496\\n265\\n95\\n661\\n861\\n424\\n647\\n149\\n54\\n1120\\n196(i\\n1154\\n753\\n581\\n4S5\\n69\\n729\\n26\\n567\\n95\\n466\\n196\\n725\\n161\\n19\\n171\\n141\\n116\\n206\\n72\\n383\\n37\\n813\\n20\\n66\\n286\\n19\\n1241\\n803\\n31(1\\n32\\n767\\n15\\n38\\n36\\n32\\n1334\\n1376\\n1709\\n1711\\n427\\n2901\\n2979\\n2018\\n1737\\n2227\\n770\\n1828\\n622\\n799\\n1876\\n2328\\n1274\\n864\\n1574\\n1405\\n567\\n2662\\n3654\\n1043\\n2136\\n1586\\n1647\\n2233\\n3325\\n259\\n2798\\n246\\n3029\\n2032\\n1178\\n1658\\n1310\\n1099\\n1434\\n1187\\n281\\n2152\\n1557\\n2809\\n1194\\n523\\n212\\n1870\\n2126\\n3375\\n2106\\n693\\n626\\n1646\\n1419\\n.352\\n1356\\n1592\\n1884\\n1868\\n1772\\n463\\n2157\\n2524\\n1328\\n1203\\n261\\n1792\\n1823\\n1976\\n1448\\n1435\\n1396\\n680\\n1034\\n1122\\n1753\\n306\\n295\\n1166\\n311\\n779\\n370\\n3171\\n2223\\n1496\\n964\\n656\\n3031\\n888\\n436\\n1260\\n1426\\n1326\\n899\\n1490\\n17\\n1726\\n1687\\n1316\\n850\\n544\\n2074\\n1109\\n628\\n391\\n2345\\n1218\\n1526\\n236\\n2863\\n2316\\n817\\n804\\n17\\n1077\\n10S6\\n1866\\n837\\n1102\\n459\\n119\\n928\\n441\\n1775\\n21\\n40\\n508\\n357\\n487\\n93\\n1885\\n2059\\n882\\n71\\n128\\n1963\\n639\\n132\\n344\\n833\\n293\\n516\\n1305\\n1029\\n944\\n1221\\n832\\n127\\n40\\n1009\\n867\\n132\\n166\\n18\\n14\\n322\\n13\\n350\\n75\\n89\\n103\\n9\\n616\\n1011\\n760\\n389\\n98\\n35\\n432\\n247\\n632\\n171\\n201\\n13\\n348\\n273\\n68\\n105\\n89\\n299\\n585\\n108\\n12\\n14\\n66\\n596\\n95\\n504\\n28\\n36\\n9\\n20\\n47\\n387\\n14\\n33\\n293\\n3\\n39\\n36\\n94\\n121\\n346\\n47\\n13\\n37\\n16\\n2345\\n2591\\n2364\\n638\\n3160\\n4331\\n1920\\n1478\\n262\\n2246\\n3221\\n2736\\n3056\\n1452\\n1663\\n713\\n1418\\n1749\\n2523\\n463\\n329\\n2243\\n343\\n835\\n374\\n4321\\n2565\\n2509\\n1246\\n661\\n3819\\n897\\n439\\n1843\\n2337\\n1727\\n1238\\n2113\\n2582\\n2439\\n2467\\n1692\\n1299\\n498\\n2759\\n1034\\n70: i\\n57-1\\n3563\\n1763\\n1862\\nAppanoose\\n227\\n3682\\n449\\n244\\n10\\n1\\n223\\n20\\n95\\n74\\n11\\n30\\n446\\n40\\n86\\n94\\n19\\n67\\n167\\n66\\n111\\n80\\n12\\n19\\n525\\n6\\n12\\n53\\n[Linn\\n2917\\nBlack Hawk\\n1008\\n1305\\n1044\\n757\\n1416\\n20n\\n780\\n196\\n771\\n979\\n1445\\n448\\n175\\n1090\\n816\\n94\\n2621\\n3398\\n638\\n752\\n1631\\n1282\\n1466\\n2917\\n48\\n4977\\n36\\n1709\\n751\\n379\\n1682\\n510\\n417\\n629\\n425\\n99\\n980\\n1386\\n1485\\n600\\n183\\n57\\n1348\\n2485\\n1804\\n1449\\n46\\n16.38\\n1701\\nButler\\n23C4\\n1189\\nCarroll\\nMills\\n1165\\nMitchell\\n671\\n304\\n1246\\nMontgomery\\n759\\n2075\\n116\\nClark\\nO Brien\\nClay\\n59\\n861\\nClinton\\nPalo Alto\\n333\\n77\\n44\\n1353\\n218\\n420\\n671\\n177\\n309\\n3\\n49\\n644\\n196\\n868\\n830\\n301\\n1265\\n742\\n303\\n404\\n1421\\n602\\nDallas\\nPocahontas\\nPolk\\n141\\nDavis\\n2382\\n2414\\n1083\\n422\\n166\\n2853\\n631\\nPottawattamie....\\n406\\nScott\\nShelby\\nFayette.\\nFloyd\\n889\\n162\\n16\\n334\\n551\\n27\\n30\\n10\\n220\\nStory\\n187\\n133\\n579\\nFranklin\\nTama\\n1317\\n676\\n27\\n8\\n21\\n57\\n2\\nM4\\n19\\n140\\n519\\n64\\n63\\n130\\n290\\n101\\n112\\n3\\n47\\n795\\n1661\\n364\\n422\\n29\\n238\\n523\\n1041\\n201\\n115\\n104\\n642\\n224\\n101\\n576\\n2412\\n1315\\nWashington\\n1508\\n1341\\n987\\nHenry\\n39\\nWinneshiek\\n279\\n226\\n8\\n117\\n238\\n9\\n14\\n98\\n1617\\nHumboldt\\n997\\nIda\\nWorth\\n149\\n228\\n15\\n26\\n109\\nWright\\n184\\nTotals\\n12154P\\n4219:;\\n79353\\n3422f\\n10639\\n1713:v.\\n5921\\n112127\\nJefferson\\nMajorities\\nTotal vote, 1877, 245,766, 1876 (including2949 Greenback), 292,943.\\nVOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876.\\nDistrict.\\nR.p.\\nDem.\\nR. Maj.\\nTotal.\\nMaj. 74.\\nDistrict.\\nRep.\\nDem.\\nR. Maj.\\nTotal. Maj. 74.\\nI\\n17188\\n16439\\n17423\\n20770\\n19274\\n18778\\n14814\\n14683\\n16100\\n9379\\n11154\\n14719\\n2374\\n1756\\n1323\\n11391\\n8120\\n4059\\n32002\\n31122\\n33523\\n30149\\n30428\\n33497\\nD. 1863\\nR. 657\\nD. 63\\nR. 3824\\nR. 5243\\nR. 2724\\nVII\\n19496\\n19358\\n19563\\n11688\\n15236\\n10583\\n7808\\n4l22\\n8980\\n31184 R 2300\\nir\\nVIII\\n34594 E 2127\\nIll\\nIX\\n30146 R 5849\\nIV\\nv\\n168289 1 1 s. ^fifi\\n49933\\n*29 lll\\nVI\\nTotal vote, 1874, 184,640 aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. *Including 5,466 Greenback votes.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "Practical Rules for Every Day Use.\\nHow to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price\\nare given.\\nRule. Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which\\nwill be the gain or loss.\\nAnnex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost\\nprice the result will be the gain or loss per cent.\\nHow to change gold into currency.\\nRule. Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold.\\nIToiv to change currency into gold.\\nDivide the amount in currency by the price of gold.\\nHow to find each partner s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership\\nbusiness.\\nRule. Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo-\\ntient will be the gain or loss per cent.\\nMultiply each partner s stock by this per cent., the result will be\\neach one s share of the gain or loss.\\nHow to find gross and 7iet weight and price of hogs.\\nA short and simple method for finding the net tveight, or price of hogs,\\nwhen the gross iveight or price is given, and vice versa.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diuiiuislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent.\\nof itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by M or 25 per cent, of itself equals the\\ngross weight.\\nTo find the net weight or gross price.\\nMultijDly the given number by .8 (tenths.)\\nTo find the gross weight or net price.\\nDivide the given number by .8 (tenths.)\\nHow to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.\\nRule. Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by\\n6308, and point off one decimal place the result will be the correct\\nnswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.\\nFor only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and\\npoint off one decimal place.\\nHow to find the contents of a corn-crib\\nRule. Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or\\n(284)", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 285\\nby 4^ ordinary method, and point off one decimal place the result wil]\\nbe the answer in bushels.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In estimating corn in tiie ear, tlie quality and tlie time it lias been cribbed must be talcen\\ninto consideration, since corn will slirink consideraljly during the Winter and Spring. Tliis rule generally holds\\ngood for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean.\\nHow to find the contents of a cistern or tank.\\nRule. Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (aU\\nin feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one\\ndecimal place the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons.\\nHoiv to find the contents of a barrel or cask.\\nRule. Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length\\n(all in inches) in reversjid order, so that its units will fall under the\\nTENS multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 point\\noff one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.\\nIToiv to measure boards.\\nRule. Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and\\ndivide the product by 12 the result will be the contents in square feet.\\nffow to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.\\nRule. Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together\\n(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide\\nthe product by 12 the result will be square feet.\\nIlotv to find the number of acres in a body of la7id.\\nRule. Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the\\nproduct by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a\\nremainder) the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.\\nWhen the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length,\\nadd them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.\\nHoiv to fiyid the number of square yards in a floor or ivall.\\nRule. Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and\\ndivide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.\\nHoiv to find the number of bricks required in a building.\\nRule. Multiply the number of cubic feet by 221-.\\nThe number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height\\nnd thickness (in feet) together.\\nBricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches\\nthick hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar,\\nbut it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.\\nHoiv to find the number of shingles required in a roof.\\nRule. Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the\\nshingles are exposed 4i inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.\\nTo find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by\\ntwice the leno:th of the rafters.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "286 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.\\nTo find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the\\nwidth of the building by .56 (hundredths) at one-third pitch, by .6\\n(tenths) at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) at one-half\\npitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from\\nthe apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be\\ntaken into consideration.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 By K or K pitch is meant tliat the apex or comb of the roof is to be X or )i the width of the\\nbuilding higher than tlie walls or base of the rafters.\\nHow to reckon the cost of hay.\\nRule. Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton,\\nand remove the decimal point three places to the left.\\nSoto to measure grain.\\nRule. Level the grain ascertain the space it occupies in cubic\\nfeet multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to\\nthe left.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred l)ushels of one extra bushel.\\nThe foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by\\nmultiplying the number of bushels by 8.\\nIf the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer b}^ 2, to find\\nthe number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai\\ncorn to make 1 of shelled corn.\\nRapid rules for measuring land without instruments.\\nIn measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any\\ngiven plot in square yards then, given the number of yards, find out the\\nnumber of rods and acres.\\nThe most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now,\\nan ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on\\nthe average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.\\nTo make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to\\nwalk in a straight line to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line\\nstraight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote and, in walk-\\ning, keep these objects constantly in line.\\nFarmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con-\\ntrivance., may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard\\nmeasure.\\nTake a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oi\\nthe left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the\\nleft arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.\\nTo find hoiv many rods in length will make an acre, the ividth heing given.\\nRule. Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 287\\nHow to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods\\nbeing given.\\nRule. Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5,\\nand remove the decimal point two places to the left.\\nThe diameter being given, to find the circumference.\\nRule. Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.\\nHow to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.\\nRule. Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.\\nTo find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick-\\nness throughout will contain when squared.\\nRule. Square half the diameter in- inches, multiply by 2, multiply\\nby the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.\\nGeneral rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.\\nRule. Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and\\nthen multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.\\nTo find the number of feet of timber in trees ivith the bark on.\\nRule. Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in\\ninches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to\\n1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.\\nHoward s 7ieiv ride for computing interest.\\nRule. The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest\\non any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal\\npoint two places to the left for ten times that time, remove the point\\none place to the left for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three\\nplaces to the left.\\nIncrease or diminish the results to suit the time given.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The reciprocal of the rate is fouud by inverting tlie rate tlius 3 per cent, per month, in-\\nverted, becomes K of a month, or 10 days.\\nWhen the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus 3-1,\\nthree ones.\\nHule for converting English into American currency.\\nMultiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals,\\nby 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.\\nU. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.\\nA township 36 sections each a mile square.\\nA section 640 acres.\\nA quarter section, half a mile square 160 acres.\\nAn eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter\\nof a mile wide 80 acres.\\nA sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square 40 acres.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "288 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.\\nThe sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at tlie north-east\\ncorner.\\nThe sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the\\ncardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de-\\nscription of a forty acre lot would read The south half of the west half of\\nthe south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west,\\nor as the case might be and sometimes will fall short and sometimes\\noverrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.\\nThe nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.\\nSURVEYORS MEASURE.\\n7 92-100 inches make 1 link.\\n25 links 1 rod.\\n4rods 1 chain.\\n80 chains 1 mile.\\nNote. A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.\\nShoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley-\\ncorn three of which made an inch.\\nHorses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of\\nmeasure is four inches called a hand.\\nIn Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes\\nused, which is a length of nine inches.\\nThe sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.\\nThe common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.\\nA pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.\\nA fathom is equal to 6 feet.\\nA league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly\\nspeaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal\\nto 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said\\nto be a league.\\nIn cloth measure an aune is equal to 1 i yards, or 45 inches.\\nAn Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.\\nA Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.\\nA Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.\\nHOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.\\nEvery farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business,\\nshould keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man-\\nner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac-\\nquiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here\\npresent a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended,\\nand well adapted to record tho business transactions of farmers, mechanics\\nand laborers.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "MISCBLLAHEOUS INFORMATION.\\n289-\\n1875.\\nA. H. JACKSON.\\nDr.\\nCr.\\nJan.\\nW\\nii\\n17\\nFeb.\\n4\\nu\\n4\\nMarch\\n8\\n8\\nli\\n13\\na\\n37\\nApril\\nu\\n9\\n9\\nMay\\nG\\n24\\nJuly\\n4\\nTo 7 bushels Wheat at \u00c2\u00a71.25\\nBy shoeing span of Horses\\nTo 14 bushels Oats at S .45\\nTo 5 lbs. Butter at .25\\nBy new Harrow\\nBy sharpening 2 Plows\\nBy new Double-Tree\\nTo Cow and Calf\\nTo half ton of Hay\\nBy Cash\\nBy repairing Corn-Planter\\nTo one Sow with Pigs\\nBy Cash, to balance account __\\n\u00c2\u00a78\\n75\\n12\\n6\\n30\\n1\\n25\\n18\\n2\\n48\\n00\\n6\\n25\\n25\\n4\\n17\\n50\\n35\\n$88\\n05\\n$88\\n50\\n00\\n40\\n25\\n00\\n75\\n15\\n05\\n1875.\\nCASS A MASON.\\nDr.\\nC;-.\\nMarch 21\\nu\\n21\\na\\n23\\nMay\\n1\\n1\\nJune\\n19\\nii\\n26\\nJuly\\n10\\n29\\nAug.\\n12\\n12\\nSept.\\n1\\nBy 3 days labor at $1.25\\nTo 2 Shoats at 3.00\\nTo 18 bushels Corn at .45\\nBy 1 month s Labor\\nTo Cash\\nBy 8 days Mowing at $1.50\\nTo 50 lbs. Flour\\nTo 27 lbs. Meat .at .16\\nBy 9 days Harvesting at 2.00\\nBy 6 days Labor _.at 1.50\\nTo Cash\\nTo Cash to balance account\\n$3\\nm\\n00\\n8\\n10\\n25\\n10\\n00\\n12\\n2\\n75\\n2\\n70\\n18\\n9\\n20\\n00\\n18\\n20\\n$67\\n75\\n$67\\n75\\n00\\n00\\n00\\n00\\n75\\nINTEREST TABLE.\\nA SIMPLE Rule for accurately CoMPUTixa Interest at Any Givkx Per Cent, for any\\nLength op Time.\\nMultiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; ttien divide this product\\nby the qttotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per ce?it. of interest\\nandt/ie quotient thus obtained will be tlio required interest.\\nillustration.\\nSolution.\\n5462.50\\nRequiretheinterestof $462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An\\ninterest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $4b2.50 multi-\\nplied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and\\n$222.0000 divided by 60 will give vou the exact interest, whicU is $3.70. If the rate of 370000\\ninterest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $322.0000 by 30 6)360 185000\\n(because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., wo would divide by 90; if 8 per i\\ncent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent. 60 $222.0000($3.7O\\n180\\n420\\n420\\n00\\nMISCELLANEOUS TABLE.\\n12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. I 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. I 24 sheets of paper, I Quire.\\n12 dozen, 1 Gross. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream.\\n20 things, 1 Score. 56 pound.s, 1 Firkin of Butter. 4 ft. wide, 4 f^ high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood,.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "^90 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.\\nNAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.\\nVirginia. The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen\\nElizabeth, the Virgin Queen, in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made\\nliis first attempt to colonize that region.\\nFlorida. Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter\\nSunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was\\nthe Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or Feast of Flowers.\\nLouisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2owned that section of the country.\\nAlabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies Here we Rest.\\nMississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning Long River.\\nArkansas^ from Kansas, the Indian word for smoky water. Its\\nprefix was really arc, the French word for bow.\\nThe Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called Carolana,\\nafter Charles the Ninth of France.\\nCreorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first\\nestablished a colony there in 1732.\\nTennessee is the Indian name for the River of the Bend, e., the\\nMississippi which forms its western boundary.\\nKentucky is the Indian name for at the head of the river.\\nOhio means beautiful loiva., drowsy ones Minnesota., cloudy\\nwater, and Wisconsin., wild-rushing channel.\\nIllinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French\\nsuffix ois, together signifying tribe of men.\\nMichigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-tveir, which was\\nso styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.\\nMissouri is from the Indian word muddy, which more j^roperly\\napplies to the river that flows through it.\\nOregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.\\nCortes named California.\\nMassachusetts in the Indian for The country around the great hills.\\nConnecticut., from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying Long\\nRiver.\\nMaryland., after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of\\nEngland.\\nNew York was named by the Duke of York.\\nPennsyliiania means Penn s woods, and was so called after William\\nPenn, its orignal owner.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.\\n291\\nDelaware after Lord De La Ware.\\nNew Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was\\nGovernor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.\\n3faine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli-\\nment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.\\nVermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green\\nMountain.\\nNew Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was\\nformerly called Laconia.\\nThe little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of\\nHhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly\\nresemble.\\nTexas is the American word for the Mexican name hy which all that\\nsection of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.\\nPOPULATION OF THE\\nUNITED STATES.\\nStates and Territories.\\nAlabama\\nArKansas\\nCalifornia\\nConnecticut\\nDelaware\\nPlorida\\nGeorgia 1\\nIllinois 2\\nIndiana 1\\n1\\nTotal\\nPopulation.\\nIowa\\nKansas\\nKentucky\\nLouisiana\\nMaine\\nMaryland\\nMassacliusetts\\nMichigan\\nMinnesota\\nMississippi\\nMissouri\\nNebraska\\nNevada\\nNew Hampshire.\\nNew Jersey\\nNew York\\nNorth Carolina\\nOhio.\\nOregon\\nPennsylvania...\\nRhode Island\\nSouth Carolina.\\nTennessee\\nTexas\\nVermont\\nVirginia\\nWest Virginia..\\nWisconsin\\nTotal States.\\nArizona\\nColorada\\nDakota\\nDistrict of Columbia.\\nIdaho\\nMontana\\nNew Mexico\\nUtah\\nWashington\\nWyoming\\nTotal Territories\\nTotal United States\\n996.\\n484.\\n560,\\n537,\\n125,\\n187,\\n184,\\n,539,\\n,680,\\n191,\\n364,\\n,321,\\n726,\\n626,\\n780,\\n,457,\\n,184\\n439,\\n827,\\n721,\\n122,\\n42.\\n318.\\n906.\\n382.\\n071,\\n665.\\n90,\\n,521,\\n217,\\n705,\\n258,\\n818,\\n330,\\n,225,\\n442,\\n,054\\n992\\n471\\n247\\n454\\n015\\n748\\n109\\n891\\n637\\n92\\n399\\nOil\\n915\\n915\\n894\\n351\\n059\\n06\\n922\\n295\\n993\\n491\\n300\\n096\\n759\\n361\\n260\\n923\\n791\\n353\\n606\\n520\\n579\\n551\\n163\\n014\\n,670\\n38.113,253\\n39,864\\n14,181\\n131,700\\n14,999\\n20,595\\n91.874\\n86,786\\n23,955\\n9,118\\n442,730\\n38,555,983\\nPOPULATION OF FIFTY\\nPRINCIPAL CITIES.\\nAggregate\\nPopulation.\\nNew York, N. Y\\nPhiladelphia, Pa\\nBrooklyn, N. Y\\nSt. Louis, Mo\\nChicago, 111\\nBaltimore, Md\\nBoston, Mass\\nCincinnati, Ohio\\nNew Orleans, La.\\nSan Francisco, Oal.\\nBuffalo, N. Y\\nWashington, D. C...\\nNewark, N. J\\nLouisville, Ky\\nCleveland, Ohio\\nPittsburg, Pa\\nJersey City, N. J\\nDetroit, Mich\\nMilwaukee, Wis\\nAlbany, N. Y\\nProvidence, R.I\\nRochester, N. Y\\nAUeghenj Pa\\nRichmond, Va\\nNew Haven, Conn..\\nCharleston, S. C\\nIndianapolis, Ind...\\nTroy, N. Y\\nSyracuse, N. Y\\nWorcester, Mass\\nLowell, Mass\\nMemphis, Tenn\\nCambridge, Mass...\\nHartford, Conn\\nScranton, Pa\\nReading, Pa\\nPaterson, N.J\\nKansas City, Mo\\nMobile, Ala\\nToledo, Ohio\\nPortland, Me\\nColumbus, Ohio\\nWilmington, Del...\\nDayton, Ohio\\nLawrence, Mass\\nUtica, N. Y\\nUharlestown, Mass\\nSavannah, Ga\\nLynn. Mass\\nFall River, Mass...\\n942,\\n674,\\n396,\\n310,\\n298.\\n267,\\n250,\\n216,\\n191,\\n149.\\n117,\\n109,\\n105,\\n100,\\n92,\\n86,\\n82,\\n79,\\n71,\\n69,\\n68,\\n62,\\n53,\\n51.\\n50.\\n48,\\n48,\\n46,\\n43,\\n41,\\n40,\\n40,\\n39,\\n37,\\n35.\\n33\\n33\\n32\\n32\\n31\\n31\\n31\\n30\\n30,\\n28,\\n28,\\n28,\\n28,\\n28\\n26,\\n292\\n022\\n099\\n864\\n977\\n354\\n526\\n239\\n418\\n473\\n714\\n199\\n059\\n753\\n829\\n076\\n546\\n577\\n440\\n422\\n904\\n386\\n180\\n038\\n840\\n956\\n244\\n465\\n051\\n105\\n928\\n226\\n634\\n180\\n092\\n930\\n579\\n260\\n034\\n,584\\n,413\\n274\\n841\\n,473\\n,921\\n,804\\n323\\n235\\n,233\\n766", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "292\\nMISCELLANEOL 8 INFOKMATION.\\nPOPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.\\nStates axd\\nTerkitories.\\n.\\\\rea in\\nsquare\\nMiles.\\nPOPX-LATION.\\nMiles\\nR. R.\\n1872.\\nStates axi\\nTkrkmokies.\\nArea iu\\nsquare\\nMiles.\\nVOPILATIOX.\\nMiles\\nR. R.\\n1872.\\n1870.\\n996.992\\n484.471\\n560.247\\n537.454\\n125.015\\n187.748\\n1.184.109\\n2..539.891\\n1.680.637\\n1.191.792\\n364.399\\n1.321.011\\n726.915\\n626.915\\n780,894\\n1,457.351\\n1.184.059\\n439.706\\n827.922\\n1.721.295\\n123.993\\n42.491\\n318.300\\n906.096\\n4..3S2,r59\\n1.071.. -561\\n2,66.\\\\260\\n90.923\\n1875.\\n1870.\\n1875.\\nStaffs.\\n50.722\\n52.198\\n188 981\\n4.674\\n2.120\\n59.268\\n58.000\\n55.410\\n33.809\\n55.045\\n81.318\\n37.600\\n41.346\\n31,776\\n11,184\\n7,80\u00c2\u00bb)\\n56,451\\n83,531\\n47,156\\n65,350\\n75.9P5\\n112,090\\n9.280\\n8.320\\n47.000\\n50.704\\n39.964\\n95.244\\n1,671\\n25\\n1.013\\n820\\n227\\n466\\n2.108\\n5,904\\n3.529\\n3.160\\n1.760\\n1.123\\n539\\n871\\n820\\n1.606\\n2.235\\n1.612\\n990\\n2.580\\n828\\n593\\n790\\n1.265\\n4.470\\n1.190\\n3,740\\nlt)9\\nSt.ifts.\\nPennsylvania\\nRhode Island\\nSouth Carolina...\\n46.000\\n1,306\\n29.385\\n45,600\\n237,504\\n10,212\\n40.904\\n23.000\\n53,924\\n3.,521,791\\n217,353\\n705,606\\n1.2.58.520\\n818.579\\n330,551\\n1,225.163\\n442.014\\n1.054.670\\n925.145\\n5.118\\n136\\nCalifornia\\n1.201\\n1,520\\nTexas\\n865\\nFlorida\\nVonuont\\nViixiiiia\\nWest Virsiiiiu\\nWisconsin\\nTotal States\\nTerritorU-s.\\nArizona\\n675\\nGeorgia\\nIllinois\\n1.350. 544\\n528.349\\n1,490\\n485\\n1.236.72?\\n1 725\\nKansas\\n1,950.171\\n118,916\\n104,500\\n147,490\\n60\\n90,932\\n143.776\\n121.201\\n80,056\\n69.944\\n93,107\\n38.113,253\\n9.658\\n39.864\\n14.181\\n131.700\\n14.999\\n20.595\\n91.874\\n86.786\\n23.955\\n9.118\\n59,587\\nLouisiana\\nMaine\\nMaryland\\nMassacUusetts.\\n857.039\\nlV65i .912\\n1.334.031\\n598,429\\n246.286\\n52.540\\n392\\nl akota\\nMioUiarau\\nDist. of Columbia.\\nIdaho\\nMississippi\\nNew Mexico\\nUtah\\nNebraska\\n375\\nNevada\\nWashinston\\nNew Hampshire.\\nNew Jersey\\nNew York\\n498\\n1.026. ,=i02\\n4,70.-1.208\\nTotal Territories.\\nAggregate of U. S..\\n1 Included In t\\n96c).032\\n2,91.1,203\\nhe Kailro\\n442.730\\n1,265\\nNorth Carolina..\\nOhio\\n38.555.983\\n\u00c2\u00bbd Mileage\\nOregon\\n60.fi. a\\nLast Censu\\ns of 3[i(.\\nhigan tak\\nen in 1874\\n1\\nof Maryland.\\nPRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD;\\nPopulation and Akea.\\nPopulation.\\nChina\\nBritish Empire\\nRussia\\nUnited States with Alaska.\\nFrance\\nAustria and Hungary\\nJapan\\nGreat Britain and Ireland.\\nGerman Empire\\nItaly\\nSpain\\nBrazil\\nTurkey\\nMexico\\nSweden and Norway\\nPersia\\nBelgium\\nBavaria\\nPortugal\\nHolland\\nNew Grenada\\nChili\\nSwitzerland\\nPeru\\nBolivia\\nArgentine Republic\\nWurteniburg\\nDenmark\\nVenezuela\\nBaden\\nGreece\\nGuatemala\\nEcuador\\nParaguay\\nHesse\\nLiberia\\nSan Salvador\\nHayti\\nNicaragua\\nUruguay\\nHonduras\\nSan Domingo\\nCosta Rica\\nHawaii\\n446.500.000\\n226.817.108\\n81. 925, 400\\n38.925.600\\n36.469.800\\n35.904,400\\n34.785.300\\n31.817.100\\n29.906.092\\n27.439.921\\n16.642.000\\n10.000.000\\n16.46.3.000\\n9.173.000\\n5.921,500\\n5, 000. (.WO\\n5.021.300\\n4.861.400\\n3.995.200\\n3.688.300\\n3.000.000\\n2,000.000\\n2,669,100\\n2.500,000\\n2.000,000\\n1,812,000\\n1,818,500\\n1,784,700\\n1,500,000\\n1,461,400\\n1.457.900\\n1.180,000\\n1,300,000\\n1,000.000\\n823.138\\n718.000\\n600.000\\n572.000\\n350.000\\n300.000\\n350,000\\n136.000\\n165,000\\n62.950\\nDate of\\nCensus.\\n1871\\n1871\\n1871\\n1870\\n1866\\n1869\\n1871\\n1871\\n1871\\n1871\\n1867\\n1869\\n1870\\n1870\\n1869\\n1871\\n1868\\n1870\\n1870\\n1869\\n1870\\n1871\\n1871\\n1870\\n1871\\n1870\\n1871\\nisYi\\n1871\\n1871\\n1871\\nisYo\\nArea In\\nSquare\\nMiles.\\nInhabitants\\nto Square\\nMile.\\n3.741.846\\n4.677,432\\n8.003.778\\n,603.884\\n204.091\\n240.348\\n149.399\\n121.315\\n160.207\\n118,847\\n195,775\\n3.253.029\\n672.621\\n761.526\\n292.871\\n635.964\\n11.373\\n29.292\\n34.494\\n12.680\\n357.157\\n132.616\\n15.992\\n471.838\\n497.321\\n871.848\\n7.533\\n14.753\\n368.238\\n5.912\\n19,353\\n40,879\\n218.928\\n63.787\\n2.969\\n9,576\\n7,335\\n10,205\\n58.171\\n66.722\\n47.092\\n17,827\\n31.505\\n7.633\\n119.3\\n48.6\\n10.2\\n7.78\\n178.7\\n149.4\\n232.8\\n262.3\\n187.\\n230.9\\n85.\\n3.07\\n24.4\\nio\\n7.8\\n441.5\\n165.9\\n115.8\\n290.9\\n8.4\\n15.1\\n166.9\\n5.3\\n4.\\n2.1\\n241.4\\n120.9\\n4.2\\n247.\\n75.3\\n28.9\\n5.9\\n15.6\\n74!9\\n81.8\\n56.\\n6.\\n6.5\\n7.4\\n7.6\\n7.7\\n80.\\nPekin\\nLondon\\n.St. Petersburg.,\\nWashington\\nParis\\nVienna\\nYeddo\\nLondon\\nBerlin\\nRome\\nMadrid\\nRio Janeiro\\nConstantinople\\nMexico\\nStockholm\\nTeheran\\nBrussels\\nMunich\\nLisbon\\nHague\\nBogota\\nSantiago\\nBerne\\nLima\\nChuquisaca\\nBuenos Ayres..\\nStuttgart\\nCopenhagen\\nCaraccas\\nCarlsruhe\\n.\\\\thens\\nGuatemala\\nQuito\\nAsuncion\\nDarmstadt\\nMonrovia\\nSal Salvador...\\nPort au Prince\\nManagua\\nMonte Video...\\nConiay.igua\\nSan Domingo...\\nSan Jose\\nHonolulu\\nPopulation.\\n648,800\\n251,800\\n667.000\\n109,199\\n82.5,300\\n833.900\\n554.900\\n251,800\\n825,400\\n244.484\\n332,000\\n420.000\\n075,000\\n210,300\\n136.900\\n120.000\\n314.100\\n169.500\\n224,063\\n90,100\\n45.000\\n115,400\\n36.000\\n160.100\\n25.000\\n177.800\\n91.600\\n162.012\\n47.000\\n3ti.600\\n43.400\\n40.000\\n70.000\\n48.000\\n30,000\\n3.000\\n15.000\\n20.000\\n10.000\\n44.. 500\\n12.000\\n20.000\\n2,000\\n7,633", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF lOVA STATE LAWS.\\nBILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.\\nUpon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace sliall be allowed\\naccording to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on\\nSunday, New Year s Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed\\nor recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the\\nState, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre-\\nvious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before\\ndue) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in\\nobtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit\\nagainst the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to\\norder, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee.\\nNotes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable,\\nevery indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise\\nexpressed.\\nIn computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall\\nbe considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month,\\na day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest\\nwhen so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not\\nstated.\\nINTEREST.\\nThe legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing,\\non a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten\\nper cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school\\nfund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.\\nDESCENT.\\nThe personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay-\\nment of debts and expenses of administration (2) property set apart to widow,\\nas exempt from execution (.3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve\\nmonths support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including\\nlife insurance, descends as does real estate.\\nOne-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by\\nhusband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution\\nor other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her\\nright, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.\\n(293)", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nThe same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased\\nwife.\\nThe widow s share cannot be aftected by any will of her husband s, unless\\nshe consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro-\\nvisions of the will.\\nThe provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband\\nor surviving Avife.\\nSubject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died\\nsiezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend\\nFirst. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts the\\ndescendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their\\ndeceased parents in equal shares among them.\\nSecond. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no\\nwidow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts\\nthe surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole and if there is no\\nparent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend-\\nants.\\nTliird. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil-\\ndren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to\\nsuch widow or surviving husband, absolutely and the other half of the estate\\nshall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband,\\nor child or children, or descendants of the same.\\nFourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of\\neither of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to\\nlike rules.\\nFifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de-\\nscendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child,\\nparent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or\\nsurviving husband, it shall escheat to the State.\\nWILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS.\\nNo exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law.\\nEvery male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age\\nof eio-hteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will it must\\nbe in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and\\nby his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit-\\nnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will.\\nInventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from\\ndate of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors and administra-\\ntors compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of\\nsale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half\\nper cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus\\nabove five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona-\\nble for extra services.\\nWithin ten dai/s after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor\\nor administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall\\ndirect.\\nClaims (other than preferred) must be filed withiri one year thereafter, are\\nforever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or\\nunless peculiar eirciwistances entitle the claimant to equitable relief.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295.\\nClaims are classed and payable in the following order\\n1. Expenses of administration.\\n2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral.\\n3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court.\\n4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States.\\n5. Public rates and taxes.\\n6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice\\ngiven by the executors of their appointment.\\n7. All other debts.\\n8. Legacies.\\nThe award, or property which must be set ajjart to the widow, in Iter oivn\\nright, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th\u00c2\u00bb\\ndeceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution.\\nTAXES.\\nThe owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year,\\nand the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are\\nliable for the taxes thereon.\\nThe following property is exempt from taxation, viz.\\n1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer-\\nsity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State\\nproperty of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when\\ndevoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit public\\ngrounds, including all places for the burial of the dead fire engines and all\\nimplements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their\\nbuildings and for the meetings of the fire companies all public libraries,,\\ngrounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli-\\ngious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these\\ninstitutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used\\nwith a view of pecuniary profit and all property leased to agricultural, charit-\\nable institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such\\nlease provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly\\nfiled for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the\\nassessment.\\n2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions\\nused solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu-\\ndents in any such institution, used for their education.\\n3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted\\nsolely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre-\\nscribed by their charter.\\n4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to\\nthe person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous\\nto the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value;\\nfamily pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family,\\nall wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family but no\\nperson from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected,\\nis to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause.\\n5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm-\\nity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nrevenue such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases\\nreported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and\\nsubject to reversal by them.\\n6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming,\\nand the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars\\nin value.\\n7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State,\\nshould not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is\\nmade.\\nThere is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or\\nforest trees or hedges.\\nWhere buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu-\\nalty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate\\ntaxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for\\ntaxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of\\ndestruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only\\nas is not covered by insurance.\\nAll other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and\\nsound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which\\nhe is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian,\\nfather, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or\\nlessor, mortgagee or lessee.\\nRoad beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja-\\ncent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur-\\nposes of taxation nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed\\nand taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public\\npurpose.\\nThe property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed\\nand assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and\\nassessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual.\\nThe Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of\\neach year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court.\\nThe County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their\\nregular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court.\\nTaxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without\\ninterest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year.\\nTax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year.\\nRedemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale,\\nby paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty per centum of\\nsuch amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent, interest per\\nannum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub-\\nsequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each\\nyear, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per\\ncent, interest as before.\\nIf notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption\\nis limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days\\nnotice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of\\ncertificate, to terminate the right of redemption.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 297\\nJURISDICTION OF COURTS\\nDISTRICT COURTS\\nhave jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such\\ncases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have\\nexclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in\\ncriminal matters, on appeal and writs of error.\\nCIRCUIT COURTS\\nhave jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil\\nactions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and\\nwrits of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction\\nin matters of estates and general probate business.\\nJUSTICES OF THE PEACE\\nhave jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent\\nof parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300.\\nThey have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony,\\ncommitted within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not\\nexceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days.\\nLIMITATION OF ACTIONS.\\nAction for injuries to the person or i-eputation; for a stutute penalty; and\\nto enforce a mechanics lien, must be brought in two (2) years.\\nThose against a public officer within three (3) years.\\nThose founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property for relief\\non the ground of fraud and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within\\nfive (5) years.\\nThose founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except\\nthose provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within\\nten (10) years.\\nThose founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States,\\nwithin twenty (20) years.\\nAll above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in\\nfavor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed\\ntime during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be\\nincluded in computing any of the above periods.\\nActions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes,\\nmust be brought within five years after the Treasurer s Deed is executed\\nand recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner,\\nand they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to\\nbring action.\\nJURORS.\\nAll qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment,\\nand in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors\\nin their respective counties.\\nUnited States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen,\\nacting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nbodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act\\nas jurors.\\nAny person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests\\nor the public s will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of\\nhis health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence.\\nCAPITAL PUNISHMENT\\nwas restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with\\nthe jury to inflict it or not.\\nA MARRIED WOMAN\\nmay convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her may\\ncontrol the same or contract with preference thereto, as other persons may con-\\nvey, encumber, control or contract.\\nShe may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband\\nmay.\\nHer husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her.\\nShe may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her.\\nShe may constitute her husband her attorney in fact.\\nEXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION.\\nA resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop-\\nerty exempt from execution All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for\\nactual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec-\\nessary to contain the same one musket or rifle and shot-gun all private\\nlibraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings\\nnot kept for the purpose of sale a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his\\nfamily in any house of public worship an interest in a public or private burying\\nground not exceeding one acre two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse\\nis exempt as hereinafter provided fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the\\nmaterials manufactured from said wool six stands of bees five hogs and all\\npigs under six months the necessary food for exempted animals foi* six months\\nall flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom one bed-\\nstead and necessary bedding for every two in the family all cloth manufactured\\nby the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards household and kitchen fur-\\nniture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value all spinning wheels and\\nlooms one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for\\nactual use the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six\\nmonths the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a former,\\nmechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the\\nhorse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes\\nof cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by\\nthe use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or\\nother laborer, habitually earns his living and to the debtor, if a printer, there\\nshall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec-\\nessary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of\\ntwelve hundred dollars the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at\\nany time within ninety days next preceding the levy.\\nPersons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have\\nexempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299\\nThere is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty\\nacres or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not\\nlimited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as\\nsuch, and is subject to mechanics liens for work or material furnished for the same.\\nAn article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase\\nmoney thereof.\\nWhere a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall\\nhave exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and\\nother property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five\\ndollars in value.\\nA policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or\\nwife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors.\\nESTRAYS.\\nAn unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st\\nand November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful\\nenclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some\\nother person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place\\nand if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other\\nhouseholder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if\\ntaken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace\\nsuch notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray was taken up.\\nAny swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for\\ndamage done to one s enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated\\nas an estray.\\nWithin five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip-\\ntion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town-\\nship and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice\\nof the Peace in the township and make oath as to Avhere such estray was taken\\nup, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The\\nestray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement,\\ndescription of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be\\nentered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten\\ndays thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor.\\nWhen the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the\\nJustice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on\\nhis book, and if no owner appears Avithin six months, the property shall vest in\\nthe finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs.\\nWhere appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if\\nno owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com-\\nplied with the law and paid costs.\\nAn estray, legally taken up, may be used or Avorked with care and\\nmoderation.\\nIf any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to\\ncomply with the law regarding estrays. or use or work it contrary to above, pr\\nwork it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more\\nthan five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit\\nto the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with\\ncosts.\\nIf the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after\\nthe taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a -comnlete title\\nvests in the finder.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "V\\n300 ABSTRACT OF IdWA STATE LAWS.\\nBut if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove\\nhis ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the\\nappraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray.\\nWOLF SCALPS.\\nA bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps.\\nMARKS AND BRANDS.\\nAny person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and\\nhave a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk.\\nNo person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person\\nresiding in his township.\\nDAMAGES FROM TRESPASS.\\nWhen any person s lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any\\ndomestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages\\nmay be recovered by suit against th6 owner, or may be made by distraining the\\nanimals doing the damage and if the party injured elects to recover by action\\nagainst the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of\\ndistraint.\\nWhen trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday\\nnot included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known\\nand if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter,\\nthe party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall\\nbe posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part\\nthereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1\\nand 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs.\\nAppeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir-\\ncuit Court.\\nWhere stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at\\nlarge, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic\\nanimal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such\\nanimal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done\\nwere inclosed by a lawful fence or not.\\nFENCES.\\nA lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with\\nposts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where\\nboards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair or any other fence\\nwhich, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence\\nprovided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six-\\nteen inches from the ground.\\nThe respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition\\nfences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve\\nthem in ec^ual shares, unless otherwise agreed between them.\\nIf any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain,\\nthe Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party,\\nmay, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and. if found insuf-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF lOAVA STATE LAWS. 301\\nficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same\\nwithin such time as they judge reasonable.\\nIf the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do\\nso, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the\\nvalue thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands,\\nthe complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if\\nthe same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per\\ncent a month interest, by action.\\nIn case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or\\nmaintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done and in case\\nany party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him,\\nthe aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double\\ndamages.\\nNo person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in\\ncommon, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence but when he uses\\nor incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti-\\ntion fences.\\nWhere parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the\\nowners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other\\nrefuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided,\\nthe Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to\\nbuild as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other s part and\\nrecover as above.\\nAnd when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for\\none-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors.\\nWhere one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining\\nhis neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor\\nsix months notice thereof.\\nWhere a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the\\nowner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn\\nsix months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to\\nbuild such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then,\\nbefore it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material\\nto the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be\\nremoved at a time when the removal will throw open or expose tiie crops of the\\nother party a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove\\ncrops.\\nMECHANICS LIENS.\\nEvery mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish\\nany materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve-\\nment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any\\nwork of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his\\nagent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying\\nwith the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor\\ndone or materials furnished.\\nIt would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub-\\ncontractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of\\nthe labor Avas performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished,\\nwith the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after\\nallowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or\\nlabor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nthe property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by\\naffidavit.\\nA principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as\\nabove.\\nOrdinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a\\nmechanics lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing\\nsuch liens, to consult at once with an attorney.\\nRemember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi-\\npal contractor, thirt} days for a sub-contractor, as above; and that actions to\\nenforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much\\nbetter be done with an attorney.\\nROADS AND BRIDGES.\\nPersons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of\\nthe same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall\\nbe liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed-\\ning five dollars.\\nThe prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged.\\nAny person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in\\na manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic-\\ntion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding\\nthirty days.\\nIt is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to\\nbreak upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway.\\nThe money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town-\\nship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin-\\nery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County\\nTreasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part\\nthereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district.\\nThe Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges\\ntherein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit to put\\nguide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti-\\nfied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe,\\nmust in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out\\nany or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at\\none time, without their consent.\\nAlso, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon\\nvacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or\\nagent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed.\\nBridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway,\\nand must not be less than sixteen feet wide.\\nA penalty is imposed upon any one Avho rides or drives faster than a walk\\nacross any such bridge.\\nThe manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known\\nto all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by\\npetition, filed in the Auditor s office, addressed in substance as follows\\nThe Board of Supervisors of County The undersigned asks that\\na highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating\\nat be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.)\\nWhen the petition is filed, ?11 necessary and succeeding steps will be shown\\nand explained to the petitioners by the Auditor.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303\\nADOPTION OF CHILDREN.\\nAny person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ-\\nated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent\\nlawfully having the custody of the child or if either parent is dead, then the\\nconsent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and\\nremain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where\\nthe child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court\\nof the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if\\nknown, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such\\nchild, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the\\nchild is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is\\ngiven to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child.\\nThe person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be\\nacknowledged.\\nThe instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder.\\nSURVEYORS AND SURVEYS.\\nThere is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor,\\nwho has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It\\nis the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make\\nall surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as\\nmay be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist-\\nance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be\\nby him paid, unless otherwise agreed but the chainmen must be disinterested\\npersons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and\\nimpartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of\\nthe field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the\\noffice of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there-\\nwith.\\nTheir fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes,\\ntwenty-five cents.\\nSUPPORT OF POOR.\\nThe father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid,\\nand who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally,\\nmaintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town-\\nship Trustees.\\nIn the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend\\nto the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand-\\nchildren who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise.\\nThe Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain\\na poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court\\nfor an order to compel the same.\\nUpon ten days notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a\\nhearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor\\nperson.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "304 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nAppeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the\\nCircuit Court.\\nWhen any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus-\\nband, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for\\nsupport, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the\\nCircuit Court, or Judge, authorizing tlie Trustees or the Sheriff to take into\\npossession such estate.\\nThe Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well\\nas the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children,\\nwife or husband.\\nIf the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per-\\nson abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and\\nthe property taken returned.\\nThe mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township\\nTrustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every\\ntownship officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so\\nvaried, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro-\\nvide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be.\\nLANDLORD AND TENANT.\\nA tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after-\\nward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem-\\nises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent.\\nAny person in possession of real property, Avith the assent of the owner, is\\npresumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown.\\nThirty days notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party\\nbefore he can terminate a tenancy at will; but when, in any case, a rent is\\nreserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need\\nnot be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of\\ntenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of\\nthe tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field\\ntenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har-\\nvested provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the\\n1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express\\nagreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not,\\nthe tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice.\\nBut where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or\\nnot, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice.\\nIf such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required\\nmay be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises\\nor, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the\\nbuilding or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building.\\nThe landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the\\npremises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the\\npremises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one\\nyear after a year s rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due but\\nsuch lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the\\nterm.\\nThe lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the\\nperiod above prescribed, for the rent alone and the landlord is entitled to a writ", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\n305\\nof attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover\\nrent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the\\naffidavit.\\nWEIGHTS AND MEASURES.\\nWhenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or\\ndelivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary,\\nthe weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit:\\nApples, Peaches or Quinces, 48\\nCherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40\\nStrawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32\\nOsage Orange Seed 32\\nMillet Seed 45\\nStone Coal 80\\nLime 80\\nCorn in the ear 70\\nWheat 60\\nPotatoes 60\\nBeans 60\\nClover Seed 60\\nOnions 57\\nShelled Corn 56\\nRye 56\\nFlax Seed 56\\nSweet Potatoes 46\\nSand 130\\nSorghum Seed 30\\nBroom Corn Seed 80\\nBuckwheat 62\\nSalt 50\\nBarley 48\\nCorn Meal 48\\nCastor Beans 46\\nTimothy Seed 45\\nHemp Seed 44\\nDried Peaches 33\\nOats 38\\nDried Apples 24\\nBran 20\\nBlue Grass Seed 14\\nHungarian Grass Seed 45\\nPenalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs\\nand five dollars addition thereto as a fine.\\nDEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS.\\nmeans dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed\\nbefore any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now. United States\\nCurrency.\\nmeans pounds, English money.\\nstands for at or to; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels for per or by\\nthe. Thus, Butter sells at 20(\u00c2\u00abi30c f ft), and Flour at $8(a;$12 f bbl.\\nfor per cent., and for number.\\nMay 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@|1.25, seller June. Seller June means\\nthat the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any\\ntime during the month of June.\\nSelling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock,\\nat a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the\\nstock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling short to depress\\nthe market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract\\nat a profit. Hence the shorts are termed bears.\\nBuying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares\\nof stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make\\na profit by the rise in prices. The longs are termed bulls, as it is for\\ntheir interest to operate so as to toss the prices upward as much as\\npossible.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "SOO ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nNOTES.\\nForm of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jeinie of payment are mentioned\\n$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876.\\nSixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun-\\ndred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry.\\nA note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub-\\nstituted for money in the above form.\\nORDERS.\\nOrders should be worded simply, thus\\nMr. F. H. Coats Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876.\\nPlease pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to\\nF. D. SiLVA.\\nRECEIPTS.\\nReceipts should always state when received and what for, thus\\n$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876.\\nReceived of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services\\nrendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account.\\nThomas Brady.\\nIf receipt is in full, it should be so stated.\\nBILLS OF PURCHASE.\\nW. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876.\\nBought of A. A. Graham.\\n4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at ^1.50 $6 00\\n2 Seamless Sacks 30 60\\nReceived payment, $6 60\\nA. A. Graham.\\nCONFESSION OF JUDGMENT.\\nIowa, 18\\nafter date promises to pay to the order of dollars,\\nat for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after\\nuntil paid. Interest payable and on interest not paid when due,\\ninterest at same rate and conditions.\\nA failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the\\nwhole note to become due and collectable at once.\\nIf this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, f shall be allowed as attorney fees.\\nNo. P. 0.\\nconfession of -JUDGMENT.\\nVS. In Court of County, Iowa, of\\nCounty, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to in the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 307\\nsum of dollars, and the further sum of as attorney fees, with\\ninterest thereon at ten per cent, from and hereby confess judgment\\nagainst as defendant in favor of said for said sum of\\nand as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of\\nsaid county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and\\ninterest at 10 per cent, from the interest to be paid\\nSaid debt and judgment being for\\nIt is especially agreed, however. That if this judgment is paid within twenty\\ndays after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey\\nand release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so\\nfar as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution\\nfor this judgment.\\nDated 18\u00e2\u0080\u0094.\\nThe State of Iowa, I\\nCounty. j\\nbeing duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego-\\ning statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to and that\\nunderstood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are\\ntrue, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said\\nas aforesaid.\\nSAvorn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said\\nthis day of 18 Notary Public.\\nARTICLES OF AGREEMENT.\\nAn agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing\\nin a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an\\nagreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble.\\nNo particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly\\nstated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration.\\nGENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT.\\nThis Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John\\nJones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas\\nWhiteside, of the same place, of the second part\\nWITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement\\nof the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to\\nand with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market-\\nable condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November,\\nof this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at\\nthe following specified times namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov-\\nember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five\\ntons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered\\nby the thirtieth of November.\\nAnd the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment\\nof this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees\\nwith the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton\\nas soon as delivered.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "308 ABSTRACT OF lO^VA STATE L.\\\\WS.\\nIn ease of failiuv of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is heivb\\\\\\nstipulatevl and agreed that the party so failing shall pcw to the other. One Hun-\\ndrevl dollars, as tixeri and settled damages.\\nIn witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year fii-st\\nabove written. John Jo^ ES,\\nThomas Whiteside.\\nagreement with clerk for services.\\nThis Agreement, made the first day of May. one thousand eight hundi-ed\\nand seventy-eight, between Eeuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque,\\nState of Iowa, party of the fii ?t part, and George Barelay, of McGregor^\\nCounty of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part\\nWITNESSETH, that said George Barclay agrees laithfully and diligently to\\nwork as clerk and salesman for the said Eeuben Stone, for and during the space\\nof one year from the date hereof, should K^th live such length of time, without\\nabsenting himself fivm his occupation during which time he, the said Barclay, in\\nthe store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing\\nand performing all duties as clerk and salesman afores;iid. in accoixlance and in\\nall respects as directed and desired by the said Stone.\\nIn consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Baivlay, the\\nsaid Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol-\\nlars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each\\nmonth provided that all dues for days of absence from business-by Sitid Baivlay,\\nshall be deducteci from the sum otherwise by the agl^?ement due and payable by\\nthe said Stone to the said Bfiivlay.\\nWitness our hands. Reuben Stone.\\nGeorge Barcl-\\\\y.\\nBILLS OF SALE.\\nA bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to\\nconvey his right and interest in the pei sonal property. Tht- piirchiuer must\\ntake actual possession of the properti/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged\\nand recorded.\\nCOMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE.\\nKnow all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington,\\nIowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten\\nDollars, to me paid bv John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the\\nreceipt where .^f is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do\\nconvev unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his execucoi s, administra-\\ntors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the\\narm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned one pair of horses,\\nsixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm\\naforesaid to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his\\nexecutors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives,\\nagree with the said party of the second part, and his legi\\\\l representatives, to\\nwarrant and defend the s;\\\\le of the afore-mentioneil property and chattels unto\\nthe s;\\\\id party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and\\nevery person whatsoever.\\nIn witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of\\nOctober, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.\\nLouis Clay.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 309\\nNOTICE TO QUIT.\\nTo John Wontpay\\nYou arc liereby notified to juit the possession of the premises you now\\noccupy to wit:\\nl_Insert Description.^\\non or before thirty days from the date of this notice.\\nDated January 1, 1878. Landlord.\\n[^Reverse for Notice to Landlord.~\\\\\\nGENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL\\nPROPERTY.\\nI, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State\\nof Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of\\nsound mind and memory, do make and declai-e this to be my last will and tes-\\ntament, in manner following, to-wit\\nFirst. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans-\\nfield, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third\\nNational Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the\\nTownship of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the\\nhouses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging to have and to hold\\nunto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever.\\nSecond. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna\\nLouise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank\\nstock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio and also, each one\\nquarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield,\\n;ind recorded in my name in the Recorder s office, in the county where such land\\nis located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is\\ndevised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise.\\nThird. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five\\nsliares of railroad stock in the Baltimore Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred\\nand sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan,\\nwith all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, wdiich said\\nreal estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated.\\nFourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household\\nfurniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto\\ndisposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third\\nNational Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore Ohio\\nRailroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home\\nfarm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law\\nsaid farm being my present place of residence.\\nFifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income\\nfrom rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during\\nthe term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to\\nmy said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said\\nfather.\\nSixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria\\nElizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "310 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nlife interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my\\nabove named children, or to the la^\\\\iul heirs of each.\\nAnd lastli/. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will\\nand testament, mv wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and mv eldest son, Sidney\\nH. Mansfield.\\nI further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid\\nfrom moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of\\nsuch moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for-\\never.\\nIn witness whereof, T, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament,\\nhave hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred\\nand seventy-two.\\nCharles Mansfield.\\nSigned, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes-\\nment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in\\nthe presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses\\nthereof. Peter A. Sciienck, Dubuque, Iowa,\\nFrank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa.\\nCODICIL.\\nWhereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand\\neight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by\\nthis writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof.\\nWhereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise,\\nhas deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three and whereas*\\na son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans-\\nfield, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and\\ntitle in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter,\\nAnna Louise, in the body of this will.\\nIn witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of\\nMarch, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield.\\nSigned, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles INIans-\\nfield, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And\\nwe, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have\\nsubscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof.\\nFrank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa,\\nJohn C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa.\\n{Form Xo. 1.)\\nSATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE.\\nState of Iowa, 1\\nn 4. i SS.\\nCounty, j\\nI, of the County of State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge\\nthat a certain Indenture of bearing date the day of A. D.\\n18 made and executed by and his wife, to said on\\nthe following described Real Estate, in the County of and State of\\nIowa, to-wit (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the\\nRecorder of the County of and State of Iowa, on the day of", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 311\\nA. D. 18 at o clock M. and recorded in Book of Mortgage-\\nRecords, on page is redeemed, paid oiF, satisfied and discharged in full,\\n[seal.]\\nState of Iowa, I\\nCounty, j\\nBe it Remembered, That on this day of A. D. 18 before\\nme the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared\\nto me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above\\n(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature\\nthereto to be voluntary act and deed.\\nWitness my hand and seal, the day and year last above\\nwritten.\\nONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE.\\nKnow all Men by these Presents That of County, and\\nState of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of\\nCounty, and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said\\nthe following described premises, situated in the County and State of\\nto wit (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the\\nsaid that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from\\nincumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey\\nthe same and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against\\nthe lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that\\nthe said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time\\ntherein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nAnd the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the\\nabove described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes\\nnecessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an\\nattorney s fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her\\nright of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises.\\nSigned to day of A. D. 18\\n[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.]\\nSECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE.\\nThis Indenture, made and executed by and between of the\\ncounty of and State of part of the first part, and of the\\ncounty of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the\\nsaid part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sura of dollars,\\npaid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby\\nacknowledged, ha /e granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain,\\nsell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "812 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nassigns forever, the certain tract or paix el of real estate situated in the coumv\\nof and State of describeil as follows, t\u00c2\u00ab.vwit\\n{^Ile-re insert desa-i^tion.)\\nThe said part of the fii st part represent to and covenant with the part of\\nthe second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises,\\nthat thev are free from encumbrance and that he will ^varrant and defend\\nthem against the lawful claims of all pei sons whomsoever, and do expressly\\nhereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and\\nconvey all rights of homestead therein.\\nThis Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con-\\nditions, to-wit\\nTirst. Said fii-st part agree to pay said or order\\nSecond. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if\\nhe shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the\\nrate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this\\nmortgage shall stand as security for the same.\\nThird. Said fii st part further agree tliat he will pay all taxes and\\nassessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and\\nif not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money\\nherein secured due and collectable at once, or he nuiy elect to pay such taxt^ or\\nassessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent,\\nper annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so j aid.\\nFourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said\\nmoney, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes\\ndue or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree-\\nments, the Avhole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and\\nthis mortgage nu\\\\y thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said\\nmoney, interest and costs.\\nFifth. Said pM t further agree that in the event of the non-payment oi either\\nprincipal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure\\nof this mortgage, an attorney s fee of dollars shall become due and pay-\\nable, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security\\ntherefor, and the same sliall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall\\nbe made by the Sheritl on general or special execution with the other money,\\ninterest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note\\ndescribed herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged\\nbv the laws of Avhere the same is made. The foregoing conditions\\nbeing performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue.\\n[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.]\\nFORM OF LEASE.\\nThis Article of Agrekmknt, ^lade and entered into on this day of\\nA. D. 1ST-, by and between of the coimty of and\\nState of Iowa, of the first part^ and of the county of\\nand State of Iowa, of the second part, Avitnesscth that the said party of the first", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "AIJSTKACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 313\\np;ut has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described\\nprt inises, to wit\\n[//ere initert description.^\\nfor the term of from and after the day of A. D. 187-, a:j\\nthe rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit\\n[//ere insert Terms.\\nAnd it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if\\ndefault be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law-\\nful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain\\nfor such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry\\nand detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of\\n1873 or he may use any or all of said remedies.\\nAnd the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first\\npart the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by\\nreason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the\\nsccoikI part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force\\nand inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants\\nthat will use the said premises as a and for no other purposes\\nwhatever; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the\\nsame to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever; that will\\nnot sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent\\nof the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at\\nthe election of the party of the first part and that will use all due care\\nand diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees,\\nvines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals\\nthat will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now\\nare, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force,\\ninevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of\\nthe lessee, or persons of fiimily, or in employ, excepted and that\\nat the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said\\ncovenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit\\nand surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi-\\ntion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by\\nfire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted.\\nIn witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date\\nfirst above written.\\nFn presence of\\nFORM OF NOTE.\\n18\u00e2\u0080\u0094.\\nOn or before the day of 18 for value received, I promise to\\npay or order, dollars, with interest from date until jKiid,\\nat ten per cent, per annuin, payable annually, at Unpaid interest\\nshall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest\\nwithin days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become\\ndue at once.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "314 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nCHATTEL MORTGxiGE.\\nKnow all Men by these Presents That of County, and\\nState of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of\\nCounty and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the\\nfollowing described personal property, now in the possession of in the\\ncounty and State of to wit\\n[Here insert Description.\\nAnd do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from\\nany incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in\\nand to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This\\nconveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said\\ngrantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time\\ntherein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for\\nthe sum of dollars,\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for f due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nThe grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part\\nor portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by\\nsale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes,\\nwhether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure,\\nincluding Attorney s fees, and whatever remains after paying off said\\nnotes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor.\\nSigned the day of 18\\n[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.]\\nWARRANTY DEED.\\nKnow all Men by these Presents That of County and\\nState of in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by\\nof County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto\\nthe said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises,\\nsituated in the County of State of Iowa, to-wit\\n[Here insert description.\\nAnd I do hereby covenant with the said that lawfully seized in fee\\nsimple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance that ha good\\nright and lawful authority to sell the same, and do hereby covenant to war-\\nrant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against\\nthe lawful claims of all persons whomsoever and the said hereby re-\\nlinquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described\\npremises.\\nSigned the day of A. D. 18\\nIN presence of\\n[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.]", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 315\\nQUIT-CLAIM DEED.\\nKnow all Men by these Presents That of County,\\nState of in consideration of the sum of dollars, to in hand\\npaid by of County, State of the receipt whereof do\\nhereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents\\ndo bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to heirs and assigns\\nforever, all right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and\\nin equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following\\ndescribed premises, to wit [here insert description] with all and singular the\\nhereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging.\\nSigned this day of A. D. 18\\nSigned in Presence of\\n[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.]\\nBOND FOR DEED.\\nKnow all Men by these Presents: That of County,\\nand State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and\\nState of in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said his\\nexecutors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself\\nfirmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18\\nThe condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to\\nsaid obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time\\ntherein specified, of certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the\\nsum of Dollars,\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nOne note for due 18 with interest annually at per cent.\\nand pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor\\nshall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of\\nreal estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol-\\nlows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual\\ncovenants, duly executed and acknowledged.\\nIf said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any\\npart thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice\\nto the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses-\\nsion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this\\nagreement.\\nOn the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void,\\notherwise to remain in full force and virtue unless terminated by the obligor\\nas above stipulated.\\n[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.]", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "316 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nCHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS.\\nAny three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States,\\na majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate\\nthemselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur-\\nposes, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take\\nthe acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of\\nthe Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con-\\nducted, a certificate in writing, in which sliall be stated the name or title by\\nwhich such society shall be known, the parti sular business and objects of such\\nsociety, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and\\nthe names of the Trustees, Dir.ectors or Managers of such society for the first\\nyear of its existence.\\nUpon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall\\nhave signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success-\\nors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name\\nstated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may\\nhave succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may\\nhave and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure and\\nthey and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking,\\nreceiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by-\\nlaws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law.\\nThe society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members\\nits Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner\\nas may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management\\nof the affiiirs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum\\nfor the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among\\nsuch Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve,\\nsuch vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws\\nof such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or\\nManagers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis-\\nsionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or\\nmay be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con-\\nference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established\\nagreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and\\nappoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint-\\ning body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees,\\nDirectors or Managers and when any such institution may be under the\\npatronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con-\\nferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally\\nnominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers\\nas shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any\\nvacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the\\nsynod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent.\\nIn case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made\\non the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be\\ndissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such\\nby-laws.\\nAny corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold-\\ning or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any\\nlast will or testament of any person whatsoever but no person leaving a wife,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS, 317\\nchild or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more\\nthan one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or\\nbequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth.\\nAny corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships\\nof which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any\\nsynod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and\\none or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of\\nofficers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such\\nplace therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet-\\nings and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and\\nbinding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in\\nthis State.\\nThe provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association\\nor individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify\\na name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society\\nin the county.\\nThe Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char-\\nitable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the\\nrequirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con-\\ntinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such\\nexisting corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated\\nor continued.\\nINTOXICATING LIQUORS.\\nNo intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine\\nmanufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be\\nmanufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental\\npurposes and even such sale is limited as follows\\nAny citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating\\nhouses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within\\nthe county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes\\nonly, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In\\norder to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec-\\ntors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of\\ngood moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors.\\nIf the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he\\nmust give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty-\\nthree per cent, on tie cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell,\\nshall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the\\nAuditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased\\nby him since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of\\nfreights paid on the same also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him\\nsince the date of his last report; to whom sold for what purpose and at what\\nprice also the kind and quantity of liquors on hand.; which report shall be\\nsworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor,\\nsubject at all times to the inspection of the public.\\nNo person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or\\nbeer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of\\nparent, guardian or family physician or sell the same to an intoxicated person\\nor a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "318 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.\\nAny person who shall mix any intoxicating liquor with any beer, wine or\\ncider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture,\\nshall be punished as for sale of intoxicating liquor.\\nBut nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro-\\nhibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by\\nthe importer thertof of foreign intoxicating liquor, imported under the author-\\nity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such licpiors,\\nand in accordance with such laws provided that such liquor, at the time of the\\nsale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was\\nby him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the\\nlaws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by\\nhim in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only.\\nAll payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the\\nlaws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods,\\nlands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola-\\ntion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a\\nvalid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt\\nthereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the\\namount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things.\\nAll sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgag(?s, liens, attachments, pledges and\\nsecurities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made\\non account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and\\nvoid.\\nNegotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable\\nconsideration, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how-\\never, shall not be aftectcd by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of\\nland or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, without\\nnotice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was\\ntaken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above\\npi ovision.\\nEvery wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall he\\ninjured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or\\nin consequence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who\\nshall, by selling intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of such person, for\\nall damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages.\\nFor any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home-\\nstead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered,\\nas well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him,\\nwith consent and knowledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox-\\nicating li(juors contrary to law, shall be liable.\\nThe only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability,\\nis that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six\\nmonths, to be determined by the Township Trustee.\\nNo ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous licjuors shall be sold within two\\nmiles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at wholesale,\\nfor the purpose of shipment to places outside of such corporation and such two-\\nmile limits. The poAver of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors\\nnot prohibited by law is extended over the two miles.\\nNo ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous li([uors shall be sold on the day\\non which any election is held under the laws of this State, within two miles of\\nthe place where said election is held except only that any person holding a\\npermit may sell upon tlie prescription of a practicing physician.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 319\\nSUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP-\\nTION.\\nThe business of publishing hooks hy subscription, having so often been\\nbrought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not\\nautliorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and\\nthat there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to\\ntheir principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is\\nmade\\nA subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which\\nthe subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described the consid-\\neration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and\\ndeliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The\\nnature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample\\nshotvn. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are\\nthe basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too ofte7i exag-\\ngerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions,\\nfor Avhich he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no\\nauthority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are\\nauthorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to\\nmake the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the\\npublisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi-\\npal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or\\nin connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the\\nsame-\\nAll persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any\\nother business, should remember that the law as ivritten is, that they can not be\\naltered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing.\\nIt is therefore important that all pei^sotis contemplating subscribi7ig should\\ndistinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not\\nadmissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract.\\nPersons employed to solicit subscrijjtions are known to the trade as can-\\nvassers. They are agents apj)ointed to do a particidar business in a prescribed\\nmode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their\\nprincipal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not\\ncollect money, or agree that payment may be made in anythhig else but money.\\nThey can not exterid the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind\\ntheir principal for the p)ayme7it of expenses incurred in their business.\\nIt would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons,\\nbefore signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument,\\nwould examine carefully ivhat it is if they can not read themselves call on\\nsome one disinterested who can.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.)\\nCOtJXTIES.\\nXo. of\\n.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\cres\\nof Im-\\nproved\\nLaud.\\nXo. of\\nAcres\\nUnim-\\nproved\\nLand.\\nXo. of\\nAcres\\nunder\\nCulti-\\nvation\\nin 1874.\\nSpring Wheat.\\nWinter Wheat.\\nIndian Corn.\\nOats.\\nValue of\\nProducts\\nof Farm\\nin\\nDollars.\\nXo. of\\nAcres.\\nXo. of\\nBushels\\nHarv ld\\nXo. of\\nAcres.\\nXo. of\\nBushels\\nHarv td\\nXo. of\\nAcres.\\n.N 0. of\\nBushels\\nHarv fd\\nXo. of\\nAcres.\\nNo. of\\nBushels\\nHarv td\\nAppanoose\\nAlamakee\\nAudulwn\\nAdams\\n161059\\n134 767\\n21146\\n63439\\n83182\\nS3118\\n297518\\n45693T\\n]434 .H\\n145J67\\n213023\\n19036\\n3T059\\n54G3S\\n110864\\n5S038\\n24SSG9\\n539^0\\n212291\\n29:1835\\n96304\\n5SU63\\n9:^694\\n26996\\n450J3S\\n115731\\n187831\\n143665\\n472029\\n13770\\n132133\\n9989\\n147098\\n179304\\n69S39\\n1139J7\\n1460S9\\n59910\\n87259\\n128S31\\n29114\\n115323\\n94318\\n10162\\n63966\\n182080\\n7292\\n191011\\n193290\\n241021\\n27SS81\\n203907\\n167389\\n205123\\n31550\\n183S32\\n108952\\n]58;2\\n281118\\n1310U7\\n12U3S4\\n232398\\n1996C9\\n141512\\n161998\\n103215\\n223735\\n52242\\n178945\\n104G33\\n33626\\n18190\\n207689\\n21928\\n124630\\n20SOS9\\n156782\\n5S233\\n18317\\n18400\\n23.3515\\n14SG49\\n53180\\n39824\\nS1336\\n102S61\\n253182\\n57005\\n153674\\n147766\\n194265\\n246140\\n44179\\n48927\\n225176\\n97238\\n17.389\\n35316\\n150209\\n16UI83\\n156821\\n23819\\n43735\\n55680\\n37034\\n53911\\n71810\\n5S908\\n47001\\n150381\\n71418\\n39919\\n28974\\n43304\\n283414\\n41417\\n309S95\\n131908\\n57337\\n94772\\n309744\\n50487\\niieooa\\n87172\\n98561\\n58165\\n62305\\n29850\\n57765\\n23536\\n82130\\n98156\\n43/46\\n198332\\n47926\\n49838\\n47220\\n39930\\n36906\\n171018\\n837451\\n341615\\n39935\\n50249\\n9194\\n89357\\n142401\\n71257\\n179752\\n63298\\n66979\\n93999\\n48793\\n78692\\n59737\\nSI8841\\n62649\\n52922\\n70176\\n122190\\n82779\\n53604\\n18S709\\n78206\\n47552\\n56278\\n48^32\\n50607\\n32070\\n31406\\n56841\\n35372\\n419489\\n48697\\n175471\\n51912\\n32225\\n58329\\n19123\\n43374\\n393 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635\\n53931\\n2G829\\n431841\\n40494\\n163081\\n333565\\n346507\\n120437\\n4(;839\\n25,3007\\n523S6S\\n343265\\n71676\\n45096\\n6599\\n269657\\n33I4G9\\n187748\\n333698\\n367396\\n281510\\n8216508\\n91647\\n161557\\n45. 3320\\n207493\\n45109\\n133176\\n293590\\n$1611937\\n1415769\\n184153\\n695318\\n828171\\nBuena Vista\\n207828\\n7\\n11\\n20\\n230\\nS4\\n700\\n2664995\\n1018453\\nButler\\n1209785\\n1144620\\nBlack Hawk...\\n1898424\\n2613949\\nClay\\n::::.:;:.i::;::::::\\n123343\\n35019\\nCass\\n1\\n1284899\\n433357\\n26\\n295\\n2606149\\n591617\\nClayton\\nClinton\\nChickasaw\\nCarroll\\nl; 47\\n12\\n3\\n3\\n7\\n10\\n5379\\n817\\n84\\n8688\\n5\\n210:\u00c2\u00bb\\n428\\n63\\n20\\n55\\n150\\n56405\\n12239\\n1720\\n117310\\n50\\n2asi793\\n3049019\\n894656\\n431365\\nClarke\\n7054987\\nCalhoun\\n221613\\n160G090\\nDecatur\\nDuhuqu-^\\nDes Moines\\nDelaware\\nDickinson\\n1024541\\n1636132\\n1772992\\n1693314\\n45334\\nDallas\\n7\\n186\\n1502047\\nEminet\\n15244\\nFloyd\\n1367377\\nFayette\\n46\\n968\\n1503127\\nFranklin\\n777106\\nFremont\\n841\\n16625\\n1046066\\n1593977\\n2\\n22\\n44\\n360\\n\u00c2\u00ab20905\\nGuthrie\\nHardin\\n792461\\n1066627\\nHumholdt\\n200001\\nHoward\\n734409\\nHarrison\\n84\\n1200\\n786677\\n89405\\nHamilton\\n52762\\n9041\\n113203\\n1765670\\nIda\\n7482211\\nIowa\\n36\\n491\\n100\\n1080\\n7942\\n1274\\n2005049\\nJackson\\nJohnson\\n1750091\\n2447875\\n2916838\\nJones\\nJefferson\\nKeokuk\\n31\\n6192\\n148\\nMO\\n154G0\\n31\\n409\\n66739\\n1363\\n1896416\\n15301 40\\n1919728\\n105306\\n200407\\n329\\n54\\n160\\n16267\\n1631518\\n1030354\\n82651\\nLinii\\n12\\n1388\\n2590052\\n1665739\\nMitchell\\n1591878\\nMahaska\\n205\\n189\\n32\\n25\\n263\\n21\\n269?\\n2212\\n543\\n484\\n5534\\n200\\n2195785\\n2181346\\nMills\\n1003509\\nMadison\\nMonroe\\nMarshall\\n1709030\\n938362\\n2368278\\n447665\\nMuscatine\\nMontgomery...\\nO Brien\\n63\\n8\\n629\\n166\\n1747906\\n1072127\\n191542\\n69581\\nPolk\\n21\\n394\\n2140023\\n112666\\nPottawatt )mie\\n63 _\\n473\\n1252629\\n2393022\\nPage\\n1220\\n10\\n323\\n125\\n40\\n8\\n20233\\n160\\n1293463\\nPlvuiouth\\nPalo Alto\\n434123\\n96616\\nRinggold\\nScott\\n1762\\n618\\n20\\n1115782\\n3041873\\nStory\\n1033743\\nShelby\\n573026\\n166980\\nSac\\n10\\n8068\\n238880\\nTaylor\\n244\\n903476\\nTama\\n2316405\\n53\\n10928\\n143\\n61\\n960\\n121854\\n1236\\n910\\n624260\\nVanBuren\\nWayne\\n1439586\\n1361376\\nWarren\\n2208392\\n2265252\\nWoodbury\\nWorth\\n2-.SS73\\n410)87\\n469879\\n391051\\n162281\\n196 1 66\\n157533\\n298209\\n396506\\nWashin jton\\n1439\\n5\\n11\\n14193\\n2035264\\n733342\\nWinni hasro\\nAVrisht..\\n270\\n140219\\n288685\\nWapello\\n1617\\n16139\\n1455319\\nTotals\\n12627850\\n8410435\\n9354905\\n3690711\\n42669731\\n69138\\n759277\\n4700176\\n136284542\\n982994\\n29144352\\n$131536747", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "w:\\nOTTUMW/I", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUOTY.\\nGEOLOGY.\\nThe universal desire to know the causes of manifest effects, and to ascertain\\ntlie origin of all things, is as marked to-day as it was in those far-ofif times\\nwhen the earth was deemed a flat disc resting upon the back of an elepliant\\nthe elephant upon a tortoise, the tortoise upon a serpent, and the serpent upon\\nan undiscovered something. Each age regards its store of knowledge as almost\\nmtinite, yet each succeeding generation finds some new fund to draw\\nfrom and expand the sum of wisdom. Science has opened many pages\\nm the great book of nature, and has supplied the key to the mysteries therein\\nrecorded. Future research may modify the theories at first advanced by the\\npatient investigators of the absorbing work but so firmly established are many\\nof the ideas promulgated in the school of modern science that they must be ac-\\ncepted as fixed facts. In no division of study has greater or more certain\\nprogress been made than m that of geology. The finest intellects of the\\ncentury have been engrossed in the labor of determining the origin of the earth\\nand the gradations by which it has reached its present habittble conditions\\nAs a part of the history of this particular section of the globe, the formation\\nof the rocks and soil is certainly a topic worthy of considerable space in this\\nrecord of events. VVe have, therefore, compiled a geologic sketch of the lower\\nvalley of the Des Momes, with the belief that it will be an acceptable paper\\nIn the general history of the State which is given in this volume, will be\\n.Zdnoinr l T P*^^ ^f the geology of Iowa, from a scientific\\nstandpoint. It remains for us to limit the circuit of our work in connection\\nherewith to the actual boundaries of the Des Moines Valley. We shall attempt\\nto popularize a most interesting but not generally studied theme, and endeavor to\\nexplain, m simple form, what is too often rendered obscure to the uninitiated in\\nscientific me hods, by technical terms and expressions. Since those who wish\\nto do so can turn to the general chapter and learn of the geologic structure of\\nhe State let us now brmg to a focus the more practical ideas relative to\\nthe subject of the recent or superficial formations of this region. This is\\ndesigned to be only a short popular treatise, so as to interest every man and\\nwoman of good observation who shall peruse it, and to call their attention, at\\neast, to the surflice formation of the earth, so that in a few years there may be\\nirp^eiVt time. t^resting geological facts where there is but onl at\\nThat geology commends itself to us as a truthful science will be very\\nreadily elucidated by a simple statement of a fact within the comprehension\\nTo illustrate: A certain kind of rocks are called Arch^^an or Laurentian\\nihese are the most ancient rocks known to geologists; at one time they we^e", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "324 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nsupposed to be destitute of fossils. In all the systems of rocks, they occupy the\\nlowest, and consequently the oldest, position but in whatever part of the earth\\nfound, they are always recognizable by the geologist. So the Devonian rocks\\nare distinguished by certain fossil fishes that are found in them, and in them\\nalone. The Carboniferous rocks are known by certain fossil mollusks the\\nCretaceous, by certain reptiles that occur in no other formation and so every\\ngeological period has its characteristic fossils, by means of which the formation\\n^nd its comparative age may always be accurately determined.\\nThe geologist will always know the coal-bearing rocks from any other class\\nand this knowledge ought to be possessed by every one interested in explora-\\ntions for coal.\\nThe geologic history of Iowa is but a page in the general history of the\\ncontinent of North America. This continent has been demonstrated to be the\\noldest portion of the earth, notwithstanding the misnomer, New World. It\\nis new only in civilization. The geologist reads is the rocks evidences of age\\nthat are far more reliable than those which are placed on perishable scrolls by\\nthe pen of man. The oldest groups of rocks are not found in Iowa, but are\\nvisible in the Canadas. The first system, underlying all others, in this State,\\nis the Azoic, seen only in a small section of the northeast portion of Iowa.\\nNext come the Lower and Upper Silurian, the Devonian, the Carboniferous\\nand the Cretaceous systems. Of the earlier formations we shall say nothing,\\nas allusion to them necessitates a far more extended article than we desire to\\nprepare.\\nThe scope of this paper extends back only to the Carboniferous system, at\\nthe period known as the Subcarboniferous group. In plainer terms, this refers\\nto the limestone which underlies the coal formations, and brings the subject at\\nonce to the visible formations in the valley. This section is rich in coal deposits,\\nand a glance at the method of creation will be both interesting and instructive.\\nFORMATION OF LIME BEDS.\\nLimestones have mainly been formed in the bottom of the ocean the older\\nand purer kinds in the deep, still sea the more recent and less pure in a shal-\\nlow and disturbed sea. When the great limestone deposits were made in the\\nMississippi Valley, a deep salt ocean extended from the Alleghany to the\\nRocky Mountains, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. This was\\nthe age of mollusks (shell fish), and the sea bottom swarmed w^ith them. Many\\nof the rocks seem to have been wholly made up of conglomerate shells. In\\nthis age of the world there was no creature living with a spinal column or a\\nbrain but corals, a low order of radiates, as crinoidea, several varieties of\\nmollusks, crustaceans, called trilobites (somewhat corresponding to the river\\ncrawfish), and some lowly worms These were the highest development of\\nanimal life when the earlier limestone rocks were being slowly formed.\\nThis Silurian age was succeeded by the Devonian, characterized as the age\\nof fishes, during which were deposited the Hamilton and Carboniferous lime-\\nstones. Then came the Subcarboniferous period, during which were deposited\\nthe limestone beds. These Avere formed in a comparatively shallow sea, a fact\\nproven by numerous ripple marks in the rocks, also by their sandy composition\\nin some layers, and farther, by an occasional thin layer of clay intervening\\nbetween the strata of rocks. These were uneasy times on the earth s crust,\\nwhen it was given to upheavings and down-sinkings over large areas. Then\\nit was that the whole northeastern and eastern part of the State was up-\\nraised.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 325\\nTHE GREAT COAL BASIN\\nwas formed Avest and south throughout Iowa, reaching into Missouri and Kan-\\nsas, and perhaps into the Indian Territory and Texas. Over this vast area\\nthere stretched a vast, dismal stvamp.\\nOn this vast marshy phiin grew the rank vegetation that was in the future\\nto be pressed into coal. It was a wilderness of moss and ferns and reeds, such\\nas can be found nowhere on earth at the present time. Prof. Gunning, in\\nspeaking of it, says: To the land forest of coniferas and cycads, and the\\nmarsh forest of scale trees and seal trees and reed trees and fern trees, add an\\nundergrowth of low herbaceous ferns, and you have the picture of a primeval\\nlandsc. ipe. Blot from the face of nature every flowering weed and flowering\\ntree, every grass, every fruit, every growth useful to man or beast go, then to\\nthe Sunda Islands for the largest club moss, to the East Indies for the largest\\ntree fern, to the damp glades of Caracas for the tallest reeds, to the Moluccas\\nfor their cycad, and to Australia for its pine, to the ponds and sluggish streams\\nof America for their quillwort, and place them all side by side over a vast\\nmarsh and its sandy borders, and you will faintly realize your picture of a prim-\\neval landscape. Dwarf the cycad and the pine, lift still higher the tapering\\ncolumn of the tree fern, multiply by two the bulk of the reed and by three\\nthe club moss, lift the quillwort from the water, and to its long, linear leaves\\nadd a fluted stem eighty feet high, and you would fully realize a carbon-\\niferous landscape realize it in all but its vast solitudes. Not a bird ever\\nperched on spiky leaf or spreading fern of a coal forest. No flower had\\nopened yet to spread fragrance on the air, and no throat had warbled a note\\nof music. Such poor animal life as the carboniferous world then possessed\\nleft its imprint on wave-washed shore and in the hollow stems of fallen\\ntrees.\\nThis was the begmning of the age of amphibians. Then lived the progeni-\\ntors of the loathsome alligator and lizard. La Conte says The climate\\nof the coal period was characterized by greater warmth, humidity, uniformity\\nand a more highly earhonated condition of the atmosphere than now ob-\\ntains. We may, therefore, picture to ourselves the climate of this period as warm,\\nmoist, uniform, stagnant and stifiing from the abundance of carbonic-acid gas.\\nSuch conditions were extremely favorable to vegetable life, but not to the\\nhigher forms of animal life. Neither man nor monkey nor milk-giving animal\\nof any kind, lived for many cycles of time after the Subcarboniferous period\\nbut that vegetation grew rank, scientific facts corroborate thus. Prof. Gunning\\nsays It takes between five and eight feet of vegetable debris to form one\\nfoot of coal. A Pittsburgh seam is ten feet thick, while one in Nova Scotia is\\nthirty-five feet in depth. The Pittsburgh seam represents a vegetable deposit\\nof from fifty to a hundred feet in depth, and the one in Nova Scotia between a\\nhundred and seventy-five and three hundred and fifty feet in thickness. A four-\\nfoot seam in Wapello County would represent from twenty to forty feet of vege-\\ntable debris.\\nDuring the growth and decay of this vegetable matter, the surface of the\\nearth did not sink but this quiescent period was followed by one of submer-\\ngence. The surface, loaded with the growth of quiet centuries, was carried\\ndown beneath the sea, where it was swept by waves and overspread by sands\\nand mud. It was ir^ nature s great hydraulic press, where it remained until\\nanother upheaval again threw it to the surface, and another long era of verdure\\nsucceeded the one of submergence.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "o 2b HISTORY OF WAPELLO COl NTV.\\nThus!, emergence ami submergence succeeded oacli other as many times as\\nthe coal-seaius and the shale, slate or sandstone alternate in some parts of\\nIowa, three times, in Nova Scotia about forty times AVho can compute the\\ncenturies here recorded r\\nThe coal-fields of Iowa are extensive. A line drawn on the map of tiie\\nState as follows will about define them Connnencing at the southeast corner\\nof Van Buren County, running to the northeast corner of Jetlerson, by a wav-\\ninir line sliirlitlv eastward through Lee and llenrv Counties thence a few miles\\nnorthward from Jeft erson and northwestward, keeping six or eight miles north\\nof Skunk River, until the southern boundary of Marshall County is reached a\\nlittle west of the center; thence three or four miles northeast from Eldora. in\\nHardin County thence westward to a point a little north of Webster City, in\\nHamilton County, and thence westward to a jioint a little north of Fort Dodge,\\nin Webster County,\\nThe coal-field in Iowa belonjis to the true carboniferous system, and is,\\nmoreover, the outfield of the vast coal-basin which partly covers this State.\\nIllinois, Indiana. Ohio and Pennsylvania. It is only in the Alleghanies that\\nsubterranean action has converted any part of the coal into anthracite. Every-\\nwhere else in the immense basin it is strictly bituminous, varying, however,\\nfrom the article as first prepared by the economic forces of JSature from the\\nblock coal of huliana to the cannel coal found in certain parts of Iowa.\\nIt appears from the researches of Liebig and other eminent chemists, that\\nwhen wood and other vegetable nuitter are buried in the earth, exposed to\\nmoisture and partially or entirely excluded from air. they decompose slowly and\\nevolve carbonic acid gas. thus parting with a portion of their original oxygen.\\nBy this means they become gradually convertotl into lignite, or wood coal,\\nwhich contains a larger proportion of hydrogen than wood does. A continuance\\nof decomposition changes this lignite into common or bituminous coal, chiefiy\\nby the discharge of carbureted hydrogen, or the gas by which we illuminate\\nour streets and houses. According to Bischoif. the inilannnable gases whicli are\\nalways escaping from mineral coal, and are so often the cause of fatal accidents\\nin mines, always contain carbonic acid, carbureted hydrogen, nitrogen and\\nolefiant gas. The disengagement of all these gradually transfoi ms ordinary or\\nbituminous coal into anthracite, to which the various names of glance coal,\\ncota. hard coal, culm and many otiiers have been given.\\nIn explaining the cause of the freedom of coal from iir.purities of almost\\nevery description. Sir Charles Lyell gives a paragraph which is interesting in\\nthis connection. He says: The purity of coal itself, or the absence in it of\\nearthy particles and sand, throughout areas of vast extent, is a fact whicli\\nappears to be very difficult to explain when we attribute each coal-seam to a\\nvegetable growth in swamps. It has been asked how, during river inundations\\ncapable of sweejiing aAvay the leaves of ferns and the stems and roots of trees,\\ncould the watt rs fail to transport some fine mud into swamps One generation\\nof tall trees after another grew in mud, and their leaves and prostrate trunks\\nformed layers of vegetable matter Avhich afterward covered with mud and turned\\nto shale; but the coal itself, or altered vegetable matter, remained all the while\\nunsoiled with earthy matter. This enigma, however perplexing at first sight,\\nmay, I think, be solved by attending to what is now taking place in deltas.\\nThe dense growth of reeds and herbage which encompasses the margin of forest-\\ncovered swamps in the valley and delta of the Mississippi, is such that the\\nfluviatile waters, in passing through them, are filtered and made to clear them-\\nselves entirely before they reach the areas in which vegetable matter may accu-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAT ELLO COUNTV. 327\\nmulate for rxTitnries, f orrnirjfr coal, if the climate be favorable. There is no\\npossibility of the least intermixture of earthy matter in such cases. Thus, in\\nthe large submerged track called Sunk Country, near New Madrid, forming\\npart of the western side of the valley of the Mississippi, erect trees have been\\nstanding ever since the year 1811-12, killed by the great earthrjuake of that\\ndate; lacustrine and swamp plants have been growing there in the shallows,\\nand several rivers have annually inundated the whole space, and yet have been\\nunable to carry in any sediment within the outer boundaries of the morass, so\\ndense is the marginal belt of reeds and brushwood. It may be affirmed that\\ngenerally, in the cypress swamps of the Mississippi, no sediment mingles with\\nthe vegetable matter accumulated there from the decay of trees and semi-\\naquatic plants. As a singular proof of this fact, I may mention that whenever\\nany j)!irt of the swamps in Louisiana is dried up, during an unusually hot\\nseason, and the wood is set on fire, pits are burned into the ground many feet\\ndeep, or as far down as the fire can descend without meeting with water, and it is\\nthen found that scai cely any residuum or earthy matter is left.. At the bottom\\nof these cypress swamps a bed of clay is found, with roots of the tall cypress,\\njust as the under clays of the coal are filled with Htigmaria.\\nCKETACEOUS.\\nThe next formation above the coal was the cretaceous, or chalk. This\\nformation is not seen in this region, being encountered only in the west and\\nnorthwest portions of the State. If any ever existed here, it was carried\\naway during the glacial period, which is hereafter explained. The absence of\\nchalk brings us to speak next of the\\nGLACIAL PERIOD.\\nThat the surface of Iowa, and, in fact, the whole of North America north of\\nthe thirty-eighth parallel, is covered by a material known as drift, has become a\\npopular opinion. Strewed all over the country, on the hills and in the valleys\\nand on the level prairies, covering up the native rocks to a depth of from tAventy\\nto three hundred feet, is found this peculiar deposit. The well-diggers and the\\ncolliers, in their excavations, encounter it, and the quarryman has to Htrip it from\\nthe surface of this rock bed. It is not all alike first there are a few feet of sur-\\nface soil, created by recent vegetable deposits then a variable depth of clay, or\\nclay and sand intimately blended then water-worn gravel and sand, and then\\nhlue clay^ resting upon the country rock.\\nScattered over the continent are frequently seen lost rocks, or bowlders,\\nof various sizes and of different varieties, some of granite, others of gneiss or\\ntrap, and occasionally some of limestone. These bowlders are also frequently\\nfound in excavating the earth.\\nThe blue clay which lies upon the country rocks, or the original formation,\\nis the oldest of the drift deposits. It consists of a heterogeneous mixture of\\ndark blue clay, sand, gravel, pebbles and irregular-shaped stones and bowlders,\\nof various kinds and sizes, unassorted and unstratified, and therefore could not\\nhave been deposited in water. Sometimes an occasional piece of stone-coal\\nand fragments of wood are found in it. This blue clay is bowlder or glacier clay.\\nFrom whence it came and how formed is one of the most interesting subjects\\nthat scientific minds have investigated. The history of glacial phenomena is\\nthe history of the deposition of the blue clay formation.\\nToo much credit cannot be given to the late lamented Prof Agassiz and\\nPrincipal Forbes for their discovery of the laws regulating glacial action. These", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "328 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\neminent savants built a hut on a living glacier, in Switzerland, and studied it in\\nall its relations to the past history of the globe.\\nProf. Gunning says The area of Greenland is nearly eight hundred\\nthousand square miles and all this, save the narrow strip which faces an ice-\\nchoked sea, on the west, is a lifeless solitude of snow and ice. The snow over-\\ntops the hills and levels up all the valleys, so that, as far as the eye can reach,\\nthere is nothing but one vast, dreary, level expanse of white. Over all broods\\nthe silence of death. Life, there is none. Motion, there seems to be none\\nnone save of the wind, which sweeps now and then, in the wrath of a polar\\nstorm, from the sea over the ice-sea, and rolls its cap of snow into great bil-\\nlows, and dashes it up into clouds of spray. But motion there is activities we\\nshall see there are, on a scale of grandeur commensurate with the vast desola-\\ntion itself.\\nLet the mind go back in the history of our earth, one hundred thousand\\nyears, when. Prof. Croll, from mathematical deductions, infers the existence\\nof a snow cap, covering the whole of North America and Europe, from the\\nthirty-eighth parallel to the north pole then, in imagination, see the larger\\nportion of North America, as you see Greenland now, covered with an ice-\\nmantle 3,000 to 6,000 feet thick. A glacier is Si frozen river, having motion\\nas a stream of water has, but bound in gigantic bands by the cold atmosphere.\\nConceive, if you please, a moving block of iron, thousands of tons in weight,\\ndragged over a plowed field. The track of this monster is marked by a level\\nbed of compressed, pulverized earth. Transfer your imagination to a mass of\\nice covering the entire northern hemisphere, or at least to the thirty-eighth\\nparallel (at which point the equatorial heat began to assert itself on the ice-\\nwalls, and decompose them, carrying the debris of the glacier, in solution,\\nsouthward), moving half a foot or more a day, because of the hydraulic pressure\\nfrom behind and within the streams w4iich flowed into it and you can then\\nhave some faint idea of the incalculable force of a glacier, and the action of the\\nice-mass on the plastic earth.\\nThe dynamic power of such a continental mass of ice is inconceivable. It\\nis fit to be called one of the giant mills of the gods, which are represented to\\ngrind slowly, but exceeding fine. It was a monstrous ice-plane, shaving off the\\nrugged crags of mountains, leveling up valleys and filling up ancient river-\\nbeds. Its under surface was thickly set Avith rock-bowlders, which, with its\\nponderous weight, ground the underlying rocks to powder. This pulverized\\nrock was washed from beneath the glacier by the overflowing waters which con-\\nstantly gushed forth, and settled on far-off plains as alluvial sand and clay.\\nThe motion of the glacier was slow, perhaps six inches in twenty-four hours.\\nThis was the giant mill that ground out the blue clay the glacier clay that\\noverlies the native formations of the entire country. It doubtless owes its dark\\nblue color to the Laurentian and trap rocks of Canada. Well-diggers are\\nfamiliar with it and it is nearly always the same in color and composition.\\nGeologists are now unanimous in the opinion that during the glacial epoch the\\nwhole northern portion of the continent was elevated one thousand to two\\nthousand feet above the present level. Le Conte says The polar ice-cap\\nhad advanced southward to 40\u00c2\u00b0 latitude, Avith still further southward projections,\\nfavored by local conditions, and an Arctic rigor of climate prevailed over the\\nUnited States, even to the shores of the Gulf. At the end of this epoch an\\nopposite or downward movement of land surface over the same region commenced\\nand continued until a depression of five hundred or one thousand feet below\\nthe present level was attained.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 329\\nLe Conte says This ice sheet moved, with slow, glacier motion, south-\\neastward, southward and southwestward, over New England, New York, Ohio,\\nIllinois, Iowa, etc., regardless of smaller valleys, glaciating the whole surface,\\nand gouging out lakes in its course. Northward, the ice-sheet probably extended\\nto the pole it was an extension of the polar ice-cap.\\nIt is not within the province of this sketch to go into details and give the\\nproblematic causes of this glacier period. The causes were mainly astronomical.\\nMr. Croll has calculated the form of the earth s orbit a million years back and\\na million years forward. The probable time of the last glacial period was\\n100,000 years back then the eccentricity of the earth s orbit was very great,\\nand the earth in aphelion (or when most distant from the sun, being about\\nthirteen millions of miles further than in summer) in midwinter then tlie\\nwinters were about thirty days longer than now. In summer, the earth would\\nbe correspondingly nearer the sun, and would receive an excess of heat, thus\\ngiving the earth in the northern hemisphere shfl7i, hot summers and long, cold\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0winters.\\nThe subsidence referred to above forms the beginning of\\nTHE DRIFT PERIOD.\\nNow let us see how the drift was deposited on the bowlder clay. When the\\ncontinental depression took place, a large portion of the Mississippi Valley was\\nsubmerged. Le Conte says: It was a time of inland seas.\\nAnother result, or at least a concomitant, was a moderation of the climate, a\\nmelting of the glaciers, and a retreat of the margin of the ice-cap northward.\\nIf was, therefore, a time of flooded lakes and rivers. Lastly, over these inland\\nseas and great lakes, loosened masses of ice floated in the form of icebergs. It\\nwas, therefore, a time of iceberg action.\\nFor a time the ideas upon the subject of glacial and iceberg action were\\nconfused, until Prof Agassiz practically demonstrated the difference, on the\\nglacier in Switzerland. The iceberg period followed that of the glacier. The\\ndepression of the continent, from 1,000 to 2,000 feet, created a sea-bed. This\\nwas filled by the melting of the glacier. Meanwhile, the water supply on the\\nglacier continued, but the moderated climate prevented the formation of the ice-\\ncap. As a result, the hydraulic pressure from behind forced the glacier, or\\nfrozen stream, into the sea. The buoyancy of the water counteracted\\non the specific gravity of the glacier, and, when the ice had projected beyond\\na point at which it could resist the upward pressure of the sea-water, great\\nmasses of it were broken off. These masses floated away, and are known as\\nicebergs.\\nThe glacier was frozen to the bottom of its river-bed, congealing in its\\nembrace rocks, gravel, sand and whatever substances lay thereon. These sub-\\nstances were held firmly during the progress of the iceberg, after its liberation\\nfrom the parent glacier, until it had floated into warmer waters. Then began\\na gradual dripping of the freight of the berg, until finally the ice itself disap-\\npeared in the mild waters of a tropic ocean.\\nThe opinion prevails among geologists that the glacier motion was from the\\neast of north, but that the Cham plain flow was from the northwest. Corrobo-\\nrating this hypothesis is the marked difierence in color of the bowlder clay and\\nthe Upper Drift deposit. If the glacier motion was from the north, or east of\\nnorth, it did not produce the beds of our present rivers. Glaciation, or the\\nprocess of leveling the earth s surface by the pressure of moving glaciers, only\\nwore off and smoothed down the surface of the country, leaving it a vast undu-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "330 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nlating plain of dark blue mud, a heterogeneous mass of clay, sand, gravel and\\nbowlders. The old river courses and valleys were completely obliterated.\\nThat the great beds of alluvium which cover up the blue clay were deposited\\nin water, is clearly proven by its stratification, which can be observed in almost\\nany excavation where a hill or bluff has been cut through in constructing rail-\\nroads or mills, or where brick clay has been procured.\\nBut let us see how the Champlain or Drift period was produced.\\nA continental subsidence came on and large inland lakes were formed. The\\nclimate became modified the glaciers melted more rapidly vast icebergs broke\\nloose from the mountain-like glaciers and floated over the land, carrying rocks\\nand clay and debris with them, and as they melted, strewed them over the sur-\\nface, sometimes grounding and excavating basins for future lakes and ponds.\\nThus, year after year and age after agCi^-did the muddy waters and freighted ice-\\nbergs flow over the (tountry, the former depositing our present alluvial drift, the\\nlatter dropping here and there the bowlders and debris that we now find scat-\\ntered over the country. No erosion or wearing away, save from a stranded ice-\\nberg, occurred at that time, but it was a period of filling in, a period of dis-\\ntribution over the submerged land, of powdered rocks, sand and clay, and an\\noccasional bowlder. But when the continent emerged from the abyss, and the\\nwaters flowed off, and the higher undulations of the land appeared, then the\\nerosive action of winds and waves and storms and currents took place. The\\nwaters, as they flowed toward the sea and Gulf, produced their inevitable\\nchannels.\\nThere was much of the drift carried into the streams and borne away in the\\nfloods to the sea. Then was the stranded bowlder, by wind and wave, stripped\\nof its soft, alluvial bed, left high and dry on the surface of the hereafter prairie.\\nThen were the gravelly knolls that are found in some parts of the State robbed\\nof every fine sediment, and the gravel and stones left to tell the story of the\\nfloods. Then were the great valleys washed out then did the annual wash-\\nouts all along the water-courses rapidly at first, but more slowly in after\\nages eat away the drift accumulations and form the hills. The hilly districts\\ngenerally lie contiguous to the streams. Back from these water courses the\\nland is usually undulating prairie, showing but little erosion.\\nThe country contiguous to the Des Moines River and its tributaries bears, in\\nmany localities, unmistakable evidences of the action of the retiring waters of the\\nChamplain period. As geology has written its history in the rocks, so the latest\\naction of the waters has left its legible records in the drifts it made tracks,\\nand by its tracks we can see where it was and what it did.\\nWhen two currents of water flow together, charged with sediment, where\\nthe currents meet there will occur an eddy, the eddy-water will throw down its\\nload of floating mud and build up a bar. In the valley of every creek in this\\nlocality, may be found many of those silted-up banks and promontories, the\\ndeposits of the waters during the later Champlain period.\\nIf our readers will but notice the action of any swollen creek, they will at\\nonce perceive how the prairie streams have silted or thrown up the hillocks so\\nfrequently met with. Notice the little brook that meets the larger creek 3^on-\\nder. At the mouth of the brook is di firmer hit of ground in the slough, upon\\nAvhich the horseman, at an early day, safely crossed the miry ford. That firm\\nground was formed by the heavy sediment of the brook. The two streams pro-\\nduced an eddy on meeting, and the waters were delayed an instant. Some of\\nthe sand brought down stream sank during this pause, and a hillock in embryo\\nwas made.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 331\\nYears from this time, the course of that stream will be changed because of an\\nimpeding elevation of land, and that elevated land will be cultivated, with rich\\nreturns. So the surface of the prairies was formed into irregular hills and\\nBOWLDERS\\nare frequently found scattered over the surface of the country, and very com-\\nmonly in ravines or sloughs, because, when denudation was taking place by\\nthe agency of the subsiding waters, they invariably moved down hill when the\\nearth was washed from under them. This readily accounts for their\\nbeing usually found in ravines.\\nORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES.\\nProf. Hall, in his Geological Report of Iowa, says\\nThe subject of the origin of the prairies, or the cause of the absence of trees over so exten-\\nsive a region, is one which has often been discussed, and in regard to which diametrically\\nopposite opinions are entertained.\\nThe idea is very extensively entertained throughout the West, that the prairies were once\\ncovered with timber; but that it has been deen destroyed by ttie tires which the Indians have\\nbeen in the habit of starting in the dry grass, and which swept a vast extent of surface every\\nAutumn. A few considerations will show that the theory is entirely untenable.\\nIn the first place, the prairies have, been in existence at least as far back as we have\\nany knowledge of the country, since the first explorers of the West describe them just as\\nthey now are. There may be limited areas once covered with woods and now bare but, in\\ngeneral, the prairie region occupies the same surface which it did when first visited by the white\\nman.\\nBut, again, prairies are limited to a peculiar region one marked by certain characteristic\\ntopographical and geological features, and they are, by no means, distributed around wherever\\nthe Indians have roamed and used fire. Had frequent occurrence of fires in the woods been the\\nmeans of removing the timber and covering the soil with a dense growth of grass, there is no\\nreason why prairies should not exist in the Eastern and Middle States, as well as in the Western.\\nThe whole northern portion of the United States was once inhabited by tribes differing but little\\nfrom each other in their manner of living.\\nAgain, were the prairies formerly covered by forest trees, we should probably now find\\nsome remains of them buried beneath the soil, or other indications of their having existed.\\nSuch is not the case, for the occurrence of fragments of wood beneath the prairie surface is quite\\nrare. And when they are found, it is in such position as to show that they had been removed to\\nsome distance from the place of their growth.\\nIt has been maintained by some that the want of sufficient moisture in the air or soil was\\nthe cause of the absence of forests in the Northwest and it is indeed true that the prairie region\\ndoes continue westward, and become merged in the arid plains which extend along the base of\\nthe Rocky Mountains, where the extreme dryness is undoubtedly the principal obstacle to the\\ngrowth of anything but a few shrubs peculiarly adapted to the conditions of climate and soil\\nwhich prevail in that region. This, however, cannot be the case in the region of the Mississippi\\nand near Lake Michigan, where the prairies occupy so large a surface, since the results of\\nmeteorological observations show no lack of moisture in that district, the annual precipitation\\nbeing fully equal to what it is in the well-wooded country farther east in the same latitude.\\nBesides, the growth of forest trees is rich and abundant all through the prairie region under\\ncertain conditions of soil and position, showing that their range is not limited by any general\\nclimatological cause.\\nTaking into consideration all the circumstances under which the peculiar vegetation of the\\nprairie occurs, we are disposed to consider the nature of the ^il as the prime cause of the\\nabsence of forests, and the predominance of grasses over the widely-extended region. And\\nalthough chemical composition may not be without influence in bringing about this result, which\\nis a subject for further investigation, and one worthy of careful examination, yet we conceive\\nthat the extreme fineness of the particles of which the prairie soil is composed is probably the\\nprincipal reason why it is better adapted to the growth of its peculiar vegeiation than to the\\ndevelopment of forests.\\nIt cannot fail to strike the careful observer that where the prairies occupy the surface, the\\nsoil and superficial material have been so finely comminuted as to be almost in a state of an\\nimpalpable powder. This is due, partially, to the peculiar nature of the underlying rocks and\\nthe facility with which they undergo complete decomposition, and partly to the mechanical\\ncauses which have acted during and since the accumulation of the sedimentary matter from the\\nprairie soil.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "332 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nIf we go to the thickly-wooded regions, like those of the northern peninsula of Michigan,\\nand examine those portions of the surface which have not been invaded by the forest, we shall\\nobserve that the beds of ancient lakes which have been filled up by the slowest possible accumu-\\nlation of detrital matter and are now perfectly dry, remain as natural prairies and are not\\ntrespassed upon by the surrounding woods. We can conceive of no other reason for this than\\nthe extreme fineness of the soil which occupies these basins, and which is the natural result of\\nthe slow and quiet mode in which they have been filled up. The sides of these depressions,\\nwhich were lakes, slope very gradually upward, and being covered with a thick growth of vege-\\ntation, the material brought into them must have been thus caused. Consequently, when the\\nformer lake has become entirely filled up and raised above the level of overflow, we find it cov-\\nered with a most luxuriant crop of grass, forming the natural meadows from which the first\\nsettlers are supplied with their first stock of fodder.\\nApplying these facts to the case of the prairies of larger dimensions farther south, we infer,\\non what seems to be reasonable grounds, that the whole region now occupied by the prairies of\\nthe Northwest was once an immense lake, in whose basin sediment of almost impalpable fineness\\ngradually accumulated that this basin was drained by the elevation of the whole region, but,\\nat first, so slowly that the finer particles of the deposit were not washed away, but allowed to\\nremain where they were originally deposited.\\nAfter the more elevated portions of the former basin had been laid bare, the drainage\\nbecoming concentrated into comparatively narrow channels, the current thus produced, aided,\\nperhaps, by a more rapid rise of the region, acquired suthcient velocity to wear down through\\nthe finer material on the surface, wash away a portion of it altogether, and mix the rest so\\neffectually with the underlying drift materials, or with abraded fragments of the rocks in place,\\nas to give rise to a difl erent character of soil in the valleys from that of the elevated land. The\\nvalley soil being much less homogeneous in composition and containing a larger proportion of course\\nmaterials than that of the uplands, seems to have been adapted to the growth of forest vegetation\\nand in consequence of this we find such localities covered with an abundant growth of timber.\\nWherever there has been a variation from the usual conditions of soil, on the prairie or in\\nthe river bottom, there is a corresponding change in the character of the vegetation. Thus on\\nthe prairie we sometimes meet with ridges of coarse material, apparently deposits of drift, on\\nwhich, from some local cause, there never has been an accumulation of fine sediment. In such\\nlocalities we invariably find a growth of timber. This is the origin of the groves scattered over\\nthe prairies, for whose isolated position and peculiar circumstances of growth we are unable to\\naccount in any other way.\\nThe condition of things in the river valleys themselves seems to add to the plausibility of\\nthis theory. In the district which we have more particularly examined, we have found that\\nwhere rivers have worn deep and comparatively narrow vallej s, bordered hj precipitous bluffs,\\nthere is almost always a growth of forest; but where the valley widens out, the bluffs become\\nless conspicuous, indicating a less rapid erosion and currents of diminished strength there\\ndecomposition takes place under circumstances favorable to the accumulation of prairie soil, and\\nthe result has been the formation of the bottom prairie, which becomes so important a feature of\\nthe valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri below the limits of Iowa. Where these bottom\\nprairies have become, by any change in the course of the river currents, covered with coarser\\nmaterials, a growth of forest trees may be observed springing up, and indicating by their rapid\\ndevelopment a congenial soil.\\nThis theory is noticeably substantiated by the formation and condition of\\nthe valley of the lower Des Moines.\\nDESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY.\\nThe county of Wapello is situated in the second tier of counties from the\\nsouthern line of Iowa, and is bounded by Mahaska and Keokuk on the north,\\nJefferson on the east, Davis on the south and Monroe on the west. It embraces\\nan area of twelve Congressional townships. Its astronomical position is between\\n40\u00c2\u00b0 35 and 41\u00c2\u00ae 10 north latitude, and between 15\u00c2\u00b0 10 and 15\u00c2\u00b0 40 longitude\\nwest from Washington.\\nThe civil townships are, beginning at the northeast corner of the county\\nOompetine, composed of Township 73, Range 12.\\nHighland, composed of Township 73, Range 13.\\nMicJdand, composed of Township 73, Range 14, excepting less than one-half\\nof Section 31, which is divided by the Des Moines River into nearly equal", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 333\\nparts by the diagonal passage of that stream through the section, from north-\\nwest to southeast.\\nColumbia^ composed of Township 73, Range 15, except the fractional\\nparts of Sections 23, 25, 26 and 36 which lie south of the river, and all of\\nSections 34 and 35.\\nCass, an irregular town, composed of the sections above named as excluded\\nfrom Columbia Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4, Township 72, Range 15 the fractional\\nhalf of Section 31, south of the river. Township 73, Range 14 and Sections\\n7 and 8 and the fractions of Sections 5, 6 and 9 south of the river, all in\\nTownship 72, Range 14.\\nPolk, composed of Township 72, Range 15, except Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4.\\nCenter, composed of Township 72, Range 14, except fractional sections 5,\\n6 and 9 south of the river, and Sections 7 and 8 and Sections 6, 7, 18, 19,\\n20, 21, 28, 29, 36, 31, 32 and 33, Township 72, Range 13.\\nDahlonega, composed of Sections 1 to 5 inclusive and 8 to 17 inclusive,\\nTownship 72, Range 13.\\nPleasant, composed of Township 72, Range 12, except Sections 19, 30\\nand 31.\\nAgency, composed of Sections 19, 30 and 31, Township 72, Range 12\\nSections 22 to 27 inclusive and 34, 35 and 36, Township 72, Range 13 and\\nSections 1, 2, 3 and fractional Sections 4, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 north of the\\nriver, ToAvnship 71, Range 13.\\nWashington, composed of Township 71, Range 12.\\nKeokuk, composed of Township 71, Range 13, except fractional Sections\\n4, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 north of the river and Sections 1, 2 and 3.\\nGreeyi, composed of Township 71, Range 14.\\nAdams, composed of Township 71, Range 15.\\nFourteen civil townships in all.\\nThe chief stream is the Des Moines River, which enters the county on Sec-\\ntion 6, Township 73, Range 15, in the corporate limits of Eddyville, and flows\\nin a general southeasterly course, with such variations as are peculiar to all\\nWestern streams, finally leaving the county on the southwest quarter of Section\\n35, Township 71, Range 12, thus dividing the county into nearly equal\\nparts.\\nCompetine is drained by the Competine and Wolf Creeks, the former pass-\\ning entirely across the township in a southeasterly course, and the latter flow-\\ning parallel about three miles to the west of it. Various minor tributaries drain\\nthe intermediate sections, leaving not more than three or four sections without\\na water-course of considerable size.\\nNorth of the Des Moines the feeder streams run generally parallel with the\\ngreater stream. Cedar Creek crosses Richland, Highland and Pleasant Town-\\nships. Into the Cedar flow Brush, Jordan and Little Cedar Creeks from the\\nsouth, and numerous small brooks from the north.\\nThe Des Moines is directly fed by North and South Avery, Bear and Sugar\\nCreeks, besides nearly a score of smaller courses. Little Soap Creek flows\\nnearly eastward through Adams, Green and Keokuk Townships, and empties\\ninto Big Soap Creek in Davis County. The latter flows for two miles or so\\nthrough Washington Township and empties into the Des Moines.\\nAll of these streams create more or less rugged surface, peculiarly adapted\\nto the growth of timber, and as a result, Wapello has no less than 58,000 acres\\nof native timber lands. Of this, Keokuk Township has the greatest number.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "334 HISTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY.\\n12,219. There are less than eighty acres of planted timber in the county, ex-\\nclusive of orchards.\\nRESOURCES.\\nThe larger part of Wapello County is embraced within the region which is now\\nconsidered the most valuable portion of the Iowa coal-field. It is all embraced\\nwithin the area of the lower and middle coal-measures, and it lies far enough\\nwithin the limits of the coal-field to develop the formation fully. The coal is\\nof good quality, and from the fact that it lies in close proximity to the lower\\nformation, it is inferred with good reason that profitable coal mines may be de-\\nveloped easily in nearly all parts of the county.\\nThe soil throughout tlfe county generally has all the elements of the highest\\nfertility, being derived from the drift which deeply overlies the entire upland\\nsurface, richly intermingled with the vegetable mold accumulated for ages from\\nthe annual decay of herbage upon the surface. This is underlaid by a very\\ndeep subsoil derived from the same deposit of drift and the disintegrated shales\\nof the contiguous coal-measures. It yields abundant crops of most grains, corn\\ntaking the lead, oats and wheat being next in importance. From the ample\\nproduction of native grasses, this has long been a prominent grazing county, and\\nstock-raising has formed a most remunerative and extensive branch of industry.\\nThe successful introduction of tame grasses, which thrive admirably, and the\\nconvenience of stock water have not in the least tended to diminish or discour-\\nage the business of stock-raising.\\nThe county enjoys the general advantages possessed by this section of Iowa\\nfor fruit-growing, and good orchards are met with quite^frequently.\\nStone, suitable for ordinary masonry, is obtained in many places, and also\\nsuitable stone for the manufacture of quicklime. Clay and sand for making\\nbrick are convenient to all parts.\\nAPPROACH OF CIVILIZATION.\\nThe successive steps of organization which led to the independent division\\nof Wapello as a county may be summarized thus Originally, this vast area\\nwas included in the Louisiana Purchase, approved by Congress in 1803. In\\n1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois in 1812, in the Territory\\nof Missouri in 1834, the Black Hawk Purchase having been made, all of the\\nterritory west of the Mississippi and north of the northern boundary of Mis-\\nsouri was made a part of the Territory of Michigan. In September, 1834, the\\nLegislature of Michigan established two precincts, or counties, in Iowa, as it is\\nnow called. These counties were Dubuque, including all territory north of a\\nline drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island, and Des Moines, including\\nall territory south of that dividing line. The Territory of Wisconsin was\\norganized in 1836, and Iowa was a part of that political division. July 4, 1838;\\nthe act establishing the Territory of Iowa went into effect. The first Territorial\\nLegislature of Iowa assembled at Burlington, November 12, 1838. .Under the gov-\\nernment of Wisconsin Territory, the county of Henry, adjacent to Des Moines\\nCounty on the west, had been established in 1836. At the first session of the\\nLegislature of Iowa, the county of Jefferson was established, with the follo\\\\\\\\ ing\\nboundary Beginning at the southeast corner of Township number 71 north,\\nRange 8 Avest thence north with said line to the line dividing Townships 73\\nand 74 thence west with said line to the Indian boundary line thence south", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 335\\nwith said line to the line dividing Townships 70 and 71 thence east with said\\nline to the place of beginning. The country west of the new county was\\nincluded in the vast tract of land still held by the Indians under the treaty of\\n1837.\\nBy this brief outline it will be seen that the region now embraced in the\\ncounty of Wapello was the next in order to receive the attention of the white\\nman in his irresistible march westward. The chain of title, as it may be termed,\\nis complete, and it remains for us to consider at what time and by what means\\nthe countv was reclaimed from a state of barbarism and transformed into the\\ntheater of action in the mighty drama of civilized life.\\nIt is manifest that there must have been some powerful impediment in the\\nway to have given pause to the aggressive progress of the white man. And\\nso there was. The tottering remnants of a once great people checked the\\nadvancing throng which was sweeping over the land with the velocity of a tidal\\nwave, and created a momentary halt on the boundary between the old and\\nnew. The American, and especially the Westerner, is typified by one who\\nseeks the unattainable merely because it is unattainable who chafes at opposi-\\ntion and grows imperious in the presence of a barrier. If all the wide world\\nwere open to him save one little spot, the limits of the forbidden territory\\nwould be invaded by humanity seeking to gain access quietly if it could, but\\nforcibly if it must into that proscribed region. Other and better lands might\\nbe offered at advantageous rates, but all would be ignored in the struggle after\\nthat which implied a restriction on the personal liberties of the people. When,\\nadded to the natural inclinations of the race, are seen material inducements to\\ndeeds of conquest, the power of man is futile to arrest the progress of Ameri-\\ncan pioneers.\\nThe obstacle to the immediate settlement of this lovely region was the\\nexistence of a law binding the Government to protect the fading tribes of red\\nmen in their rights. Piece by piece the lands of Iowa had been wrested from\\nthe aborigines, until at last there remained but one step between them and\\nutter rout. The time was fast approaching when the voice of authority should\\ncry depart, and the vanguard of the pale-faced invaders on the hunting\\ngrounds and homes of the natives was fretting in the invisible chain which held\\nit back.\\nThe legends of this fated people are rich with unwritten poetry and romance.\\nThe spectacle of fallen gi-eatness is sad in any case, and invests the victims of\\nadverse fate with a halo, perhaps inconsistent with reality, but nevertheless\\nworthy of a passing thought.\\nThe history of Wapello County is so much older than that embraced by the\\\\\\nlittle span of civilized life, that we stand in grave silence before the evidences\\nof those who have gone before. The red man alone is not the only denizen of\\nthese groves, these hills and vales. Long before the war-whoop of the Indian\\nawoke echoes in the silent watches of the night, or the plaintive song of Indian\\nlover aroused the dusky maiden to the thought of love, there lived a race of\\nmen with passions, ambitions and desires perhaps akin to those we know. The\\nmarch of time destroyed these primitive dwellers of the earth, leaving but\\nvague traces of their existence for us to ponder over. A broken flint, an arrow-\\nhead, a bit of crudest pottery what are these? Traces of a lost people, of\\nwhom even legends have become extinct forever. Such sights as these suggest\\nthe thought that Nature but reproduces her grandest works in eras marked by\\nseons of ages.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThose who struck the first blows, in the name of Improvement, upon the\\nbanks of the Des Moines, have beheld a ruined nation depart, never to return.\\nMay it not be that our race, too, must some day stand before a superior power,\\nand Avatch its noblest eiforts grow pale before the light of other minds In the\\nwomb of centuries may there not be those who will repeople what are to become\\nthe vast solitudes of these broad acres, now so busy with teeming millions, and\\nread with curious eyes the evidences of ourselves a forgotten race? Perhaps\\nbeneath the sea there slumbers now a continent that will some day grow rank\\nwith life, and send forth pioneers to seek new worlds. The record of the\\nrocks tells us that these things have been; and what Avas once performed may\\nbe again accomplished. The mold of centuries may rise above our streets.\\nThe wash of waves may erode our noblest monuments. Ruin and decay give\\nbirth to youth and grandeur. A language strange to ears in being now, may\\nportray the marvels of a land in which primeval forests thrive; where stores of\\nvirgin wealth lie deep within the bowels of the earth; where fertile plains wave\\nwith luxuriant vegetation where the ax was never heard, and where the\\nground was never trodden by human foot. Then will the husbandman s imple-\\nment reveal the broken columns which centuries have concealed beneath their\\naccumulation of waste, and the archaeologist wax wise over the fragments of\\nour vaunted might.\\nAs these things may be, let us, while now we can, pay to those who have\\npreceded us the passing tribute of a sigh.\\nTHE UNKNOWN RACE.\\nThat these broad lands were once the home of a people now no longer num-\\nbered among the living, there can be no doubt. Evidences of their existence\\nare at the very doors of those who dwell in the fertile valley of the Des\\nMoines.- The Mound-Builders, as modern tongue is pleased to term them from\\nlack of a better name, have left traces of their presence here which admit of\\nno dispute. Who they were and from whence they came, the wisest archaeol-\\nogists are puzzling their brains to determine. The secret of their lives has\\nperished with their mortal frames, leaving naught but food for speculation\\nbehind. Some future generation, it is true, may chance upon a hidden tablet\\nor a source of light which will illumine the darkness of the present respecting\\nthe prehistoric race. Even here, where such lavish manifestations of\\ntheir sojourn exist, there may be stored the key to the vast mystery.\\nSome day the truth may be made clear, but now we can only record the\\nfacts made patent to us, and hope for the dawn of that eventful morn when\\nthe cabalistic signs on table and on rock shall become like opened books before\\nour eyes.\\nAmong the numerous gentlemen resident in Ottumwa, or in the Des Moines\\nValley, who have given intelligent thought to the investigation of this absorbing\\ntopic, we first name Mr. Samuel B. Evans, of the Ottumwa Democrat, as an\\nauthority upon the subject of the local mounds. Mr. Evans has acquired a\\nreputation as a patient w^orker in this broad field, and has prepared many arti-\\ncles for the press, pertaining to the mounds in Wapello and Van Buren Coun-\\nties. A paper was requested of him by the Smithsonian Institution, elaborat-\\ning the location and character of the ancient works in this section of the State,\\nand, through the kindness of Mr. Evans, we are permitted to illustrate this\\nbrief chapter with copies of diagrams prepared by him for the paper referred\\nto. These outline cuts will convey to the reader a better idea of the position", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n337\\nof the mounds, and, what is even more important, they will preserve a record\\nof their topography in the event of their destruction by the rapid encroach-\\nments of modern improvements.\\nSec. 8. Sec 7.\\nDIAGRAM A.\\nMounds near Ottumwa, Wapello Co., on the Des Moines River and adjacent thereto.\\nREFERENCE.\\nNo. 1 Mound, on Section 13, Township 72, Range 14, is known as the Caldwell Mound.\\nOn the highest lands in Wapello Oounty, about a quarter of a mile south of the Caldwell Mounds, are the Hed-\\nrick Mounds, not shown on diagram. These latter are doubtless mounds of observation.\\nNo. 2, on Section 21, TownshiiJ 72, Range 13, are known as the Sugar Creek Mounds.\\nNos. 3 and 4, on Section 29, Township 72, Range 13, are known as the Trowell and the Stiles Mounds, re-\\nspectively.\\nNos. 6 and 6, on Sections 7 and 8, Township 71, Range 13, are known as the Village Creek Mounds, from the\\nstream which flows by them.\\nScale of diagram, five-eighthe of an inch to the mile.\\nIt is the purpose of this article to deal solely with facts to confine the\\nrange of topic exclusively to a description of the location, character and con-\\ntents of the mounds in the counties of Wapello and Van Buren, so far as\\nresearch has furnished data for the perfection of this design. We leave to our\\nreaders the interesting work of solving the origin of the tumuli, the habits of\\nthe strange people who constructed them, and the fate of the I ace which now\\nexcites our profoundest curiosity. If this imperfect sketch serves to stimulate\\nlatent forces to action in the direction of study, its purpose will be fully\\naccomplished.\\nThe diagram herewith given, and marked A, exhibits all the mounds in\\nthe vicinity of Ottumwa which have been explored, and may be said to embrace\\nall that are known to exist. Future investigation may reveal mounds at pres-\\nent unknown, but that is scarcely probable. The examination of all the mounds", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nherein referred to has been conducted by Mr. Evans, in company with the\\nseveral gentlemen named, in the following order:\\nSugar Creek Capt. W. H. Kitterman, S. H. Burton and D. T. Mil-\\nler.\\nThe Stiles, by Hon. E. H. Stiles. The Trowell has not been opened, so\\nfar as can be ascertained.\\nVillage Creek, by Mr. Richard Williams and Mr. A. T. Holly.\\nKeosauqua, or Ely Ford Group (shown here in diagram B by Judge\\nRobert Sloan, Mr. J. J. Kinnersly, Mr. D. C. Beaman, Messrs. Robert N. and\\nCharles L. Dahlberg and Ben Johnson, Esq.\\nThe names of these gentlemen are ample guaranty of the thoroughness and\\nintelligence of the search made. Capt. Kitterman, Mr. Williams, Mr. Holly\\nand Judge Sloan are especially qualified to prosecute so important an under-\\ntaking.\\nThe Sugar Creek Mounds (Sec. 21. T. 72, R. 13) are simple tumuli. The\\nfirst one opened stands upon a high elevation, and may be termed a mound of\\nobservation. From it, those lying to the southwest, the Trowell Mounds, are\\nvisible, although a mile and a half distant. From this post, a series of com-\\nmunication might be maintained with a person stationed on the Trowell hillock,\\nif the intervening growth of young trees was removed. From this mound,\\nnothing of value was obtained save bits of charcoal and decomposed ashes.\\nThis fact goes to confirm the theory that it was designed as a station of survey.\\nThe second of the Sugar Creek group contained a few decayed bones, but no\\nestimate of their character was possible.\\nFrom the Trowell Mound the Stiles tumuli are plainly seen. These mounds\\nlie in the suburbs of Ottumwa. When they were opened, in the spring of\\n1878, no traces of human burial were found. There were but few, and those\\nunsatisfactory, evidences of cremation. In one of the largest, a small hatchet\\nwas obtained, which. was made of green stone, highly finished. The character\\nof this hatchet led the explorers to believe that its deposit was accidental. No\\nother implements in entire form were discovered, but several bits of broken\\narrow-heads and a few chips or cherts of obsidian were taken. This flint is\\nexceedingly rare. If the valley and intervening ridges were denuded of the\\ngrowing young timber, one group of the Village Creek mounds could be seen\\nfrom this mound, although the Creek groups are more than three miles\\ndistant.\\nIn the fall of 1877, three of the Village Creek mounds were carefully\\nexamined. A reference to diagram A will show that there are two groups,\\neach composed of seven or eight individual mounds, lying in line. The groups\\nare about one mile apart. Those which were opened contained evidences of\\ncremation. Successive layers of ashes and charcoal, intermingled with calcined\\nbones. No implements of any kind were discovered in a complete state, and\\nbut few broken arrow-heads.\\nFrom this record it Avill be seen that the mounds removed from the river\\nthe Sugar Creeks are in line of direct communication with those on the\\nstream, by means of signals. This fact is mentioned merely as an incidental\\none, perhaps worthy of consideration. Recent examination of the Caldwell and\\nHedrick Mounds resulted in nothing important. They contained no remains,\\nhuman or otherwise, but were doubtless mounds of observation solely. Still,\\nsubsequent research may reveal relics, and it is to be hoped that the investiga-\\ntion will be carefully made at an early day.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n339\\nDIAGRAM B.\\nMounds near Keosauqua and Pittsburg, Van Buren County.\\nREFERENCES.\\nA bluff extends over Sections 2 and 3, Township G8, Range 10.\\nMounds on Section 3 are known as Kly Ford Mounds, because of creek and old ford.\\nThe square on right of creek, near mouth, is the Shell Heap, referred to herein.\\nThe stream running through Pittsburg is Chequest Creek.\\nThe doited line around the southern shore indicates where the chain of mounds exists.\\nScale, five-eighths inch to the mile.\\nIn July, 1878, the Ely Ford Mounds in Van Buren County were opened.\\nThe location of these tumuli is as follows Counting from the left bank of the\\ncreek northwestward. No. 1 is 20 rods north, 55\u00c2\u00b0 west from mouth of creek\\n20 feet above river-bed 40 feet from water s edge. There is no timber. In\\nthis were found fresh-water muscle-shells in large quantity, and pieces of\\npottery, arrow-heads, bones (probably animals part of a human jaw with teeth,\\nand foot and leg bones of a human skeleton in fair state of preservation. There\\nwas a surface deposit of about two feet ever these remains.\\nNo. 2 was 10 rods north, 60\u00c2\u00b0 west from No. 1, on Bluff Point, 100 feet\\nabove river-bed, 200 feet from water s edge. On this mound were the decayed\\nremains of a large white-oak tree, which was two feet in diameter also young\\noak growing. In the mound was found\\nA HUMAN SKULL\\nentire, except the lower jaw. A portion of the upper jaw was decomposed,\\nbut one tooth remained. The leg-bones were also discovered. The position of\\nthe skeleton was two feet beneath the surface, with head southeast, horizontal.\\nThe same pottery as in No. 1. The dimensions of this skull are as follows\\nhorizontal circumference, 20 inches longitudinal arc, from nasal depression,\\nalong middle line of skull to occipital protuberance, 13 inches transverse\\nmeasurement, 5 inches vertical height, 3 75-100 inches longitudinal meas-\\nurement, 8 inches. This skull approaches very nearly to the famous Neander-\\nthal, or Cave skull, of Prussia.\\nNo. 3 is half-moon shaped, 15 rods north, 550 west from No. 2, on same\\nbluff, 120 feet above the river-bed, and 200 feet from water s edge. In it were\\nfound thigh-bones.\\nNo. 4 was 15 rods north, 45\u00c2\u00b0 west from No. 3, but contained nothing valu-\\nable, and may be modern.\\nNo. 5 was a large mound, 50 feet in diameter and 5 feet in height located\\n30 rods south, 45\u00c2\u00b0 east from mouth of Ely s Creek, on high bluff point, 100\\nfeet above river-bed, and 20 rods from water s edge. Upon it was a decayed\\nwhite oak stump, 24 inches in diameter, located 12 feet north, 10\u00c2\u00b0 west from", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "S40 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nthe center of the mound, and another stump of similar character 16 inches in\\ndiameter, 4 feet north from center. In this mound were discovered human\\nthigh-bones under the south side of the large stump, five feet from the surface,\\nand subsequent investigation revealed\\nTWO SKELETONS\\nin excellent state of preservation. The wood of the oak crumbled in the hand,\\nbecause of its exceedingly rotten condition. There were fragments of the arm-\\nbone, and the position of the body must have been horizontal, with head toward\\nthe west and leg doubled under. Quantities of shells were found, as in No 1.\\nThe river-bank is thickly covered with these mounds. The diagram does\\nnot show the twentieth part of the tumuli in Van Buren County. Nearly fifty\\nhave been discovered in the immediate vicinity of Keosauqua. We aim to\\nlocate only those which have been exploi-ed by Mr. Evans, or some one skilled\\nin the detection of relics.\\nJudge Sloan has devoted a considerable portion of the leisure which his arduous\\nprofessional duties grudgingly gave him to the contemplation of this subject. From\\nhim we learn that he is aware of the existence of some forty-five mounds, be-\\nsides many pockets, or places, of deposit in the bluffs, where shells, bits of\\nbone probably of animals that served as food and fragments of pottery are\\nplaced, and slightly covered with earth.\\nThe most valuable discovery yet made in the Des Moines Valley is the skull\\nwhich we have described. It is the remains of a race the like of which does\\nnot exist on earth at the present time. The doubts created as to the antiquity\\nof the stone implements found are natural and reasonable. Any race of stone-\\nworkers might have produced them but the irrefutable evidence of the ski^ll\\nsilences comment and arouses profound conjecture. The modern Indian pos-\\nsesses no characteristics like those which must have been the portion of this\\nman, whose gaping sockets mock us as we gaze into them. Could the tongue\\nwhich once formed syllables of command beneath that moldering jaw be re-in-\\nvested with the power to speak, what tales it could unfold\\nThe race of which this is a type was easily led, low in intellect, and not far\\ndifferent from the patient toiler on the Pyramids of Egypt.\\nMessrs. Robert N. and Charles L. Dahlberg, explored the region of the\\nmouth of Chequest Creek, at Pittsburg, Van Buren County, with satisfactory\\nresults, on the 31st of July, 1878. Ancient pottery was discovered. A descrip-\\ntion of the ware, prepared by the gentlemen who unearthed it, is herewith\\nappended\\nThe pieces of pottery found are composed of clay and sand, mixed with small pebbles, form-\\ning a cement which appears to be baked rather than burned. The most of the pieces found show\\nthat the heat applied in their construction was not sufficient lo melt the sand or pebbles, or in\\nany way to affect their original condition. No glazing appears on the pottery, and yet it is of a\\nhard, iirm, durable substance which is impervious to water. One piece of pottery is about four\\ninches square, but of an irregular shape. At one point it is shown to be a part of the top of a\\nwide-mouthed vessel, evidently about two inches less in diameter at the neck than at the top.\\nJudging by the arc described by the piece in question, the neck of the piece must have been at\\nleast 18 inches in diameter.\\nThis piece also shows attempts at ornamentation, having a horizontal row of dots, or beads,\\nabout an inch and a half from the top of the vessel these have the appearance of having been\\nmade by punctures from the inside of the vessel, and are about half an inch apart, or seven-\\neighths from center to center.\\nThere are also parallel lines running about it horizontally, about half an inch apart, which\\nwere evidently made by some blunt instrument about one-eighth of an inch square, pressed into\\nthe clay, leaving little ridges between each impression of the instrument that would average\\nabout one-sixteenth of an inch thick. There are a number of small pieces, one showing dis-\\ntinctly that the neck and rim of the vessel above it were qaite flaring, though this rim does not", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 341\\nshow entire. The rim is ornamented by diamond-shaped figures made by lines crossing each\\nother, which lines are formed very much like the parallel lines in the larger piece.\\nAnother piece shows parallel lines. One small piece is corrugated as the Ely Ford pottery;\\nand shows distinctly the application of heat sufficient to fuse the silex in the composition of the\\npottery, making it a very hard and firm substance this piece is thinner than the baked pieces.\\nAnother piece shows bead- work distinctly about an inch from the top of the vessel the body of\\nthe vessel is ornamented with parallel lines running at right angles with the top of the vessel\\nmade as in the first piece described, and the top ornamented very much as our mothers used to\\nornament the edge of a pie.\\nSeveral other pieces show the application of heat sufficient to fuse the silex in their compo-\\nsition. Several, including the larger piece described above, show on the edges and upon both\\nsurfaces glittering particles, which appear to be small pieces of isinglass. This pottery wa\u00c2\u00ab\\nnearly all found upon the surface of the ground, having been washed out by the action of the\\nwater; some were found on the creek-bank, and some on the river-bank near the edge of\\nthe water, but all at the mouth of Chequest, which empties into the river at Pittsburg. In the\\nriver-bank in front of the village is also a, bed of ashes and charcoal, about three inches in\\ndepth, and about two feet from the surface of the ground.\\nMr. Evans recently contributed to the Chicago Times a series of letters\\ndescriptive of the mounds in this locality, and speculative as to their origin.\\nWe quote so much of the contributions as treats of the appearance of the tumuli:\\nThe mounds which I have examined on Village Creek presented the following conditions,\\nThey are found on natural elevations, the highest in the vicinity. They are regular in shape\\nand regular in the arrangement of the materials which compose them. The second stratum of\\nearth composing them, immediately beneath the natural soil, accumulated by the decay of vege-\\ntation, is very often foreign to the surroundings. Then succeed strata of ashes, charcoal and\\nearth, averaging about five inches in thickness. Human remains are found in these mounds,\\nbut not always, which indicates that they were not originally made for burial places, and give\\ncolor to the idea that they were utilized by succeeding populations for uses foreign to the design\\nof the builders. But in Iowa they are not numerous enough to encourage the supposition that\\nthey were merely sites of dwelling-places, because of the labor to build them. It is not reason-\\nable to believe that any people, whether civilized or barbarous, would build a mound which\\nwould require the labor of ten men for fifty days, on the top of which a wooden building could\\nbe constructed less than twenty feet in circumference.\\nIn Wapello County we have a range of mounds about two miles from the river, on a ridge\\nrunning parallel with the Des Moines, on the southern side which overlooks the plateau or bot-\\ntom land of the stream, and is in plain view of a corresponding range of mounds situated on a\\nhigh hill north of the river. These mounds are similar in shape, and having examined many of\\nthem on each side of the river, I find their interior composition to be very much alike. The\\nlayers of ashes, charcoal and earth are the same, and in some of them human remains were\\nfound. In a few of them I have discovered flint implements. I must confess, however, that\\nafter all my examinations I cannot settle down on any well-grounded opinion as to the objects\\nfor which these mounds were created, except to disagree with all the theories so far advanced.\\nThe ashes and charcoal and human remains showing the action of fire, have at times induced me\\nto believe that the Mound- Builders practiced cremation, and that after the rites were performed\\nthe remains were covered with earth, each succeeding funeral pyre adding to the height of the\\nmound. Yet, while this theory has in my mind more proofs than any other yet advanced, I am\\nnot prepared to accept it without additional evidence.\\nArch geologists have determined that the mounds of America may be prop-\\nerly classed under three general heads, viz.: Mounds of Observation, Mounds\\not Sacrifice and Mounds of Burial. The first were doubtless used as posts of\\ncommunication between distant bands. They are always found on elevated\\nlands, from which wide areas of territory may be seen, if modern timber or\\nedifices do not intervene. From one to another a signal fire or flag might\\nhave conveyed intelligence of invasion, of joy or of distress. This class of\\nworks is found in Wapello County, in an excellent state of preservation. The\\nlarger groups present evidences of having been erected for such purposes, rather\\nthan for sacrificial observances, or even for the disposal of the dead although\\nsome of the twnuli, undoubtedly, Avere devoted separately to each of the three\\npurposes.\\nIn Van Buren County, the dwelling-places of the Mound-Builders are more\\ndistinctly marked. While observation hills are found there, also, the larger", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nnumber of mounds bear striking testimony of other uses. The unearthing of\\nthe skeletons from Mounds N os. 2 and 5, are events worthy of the considera-\\ntion of scientists the workl over. The fragments of pottery, the stone imple-\\nments and the heaps of shells and animal bones, furnish food for deepest\\nthouii-ht. Tlie ground is rich in remains of every character, and should be\\nthoroughly investigated.\\nFrom far above Pittsburg to a point several miles below Keosauqua, a con-\\ntinuous chain of works is to be seen. The diagram of the great bend in the\\nriver, near Keosauqua, shows but a faint outline of the place where future\\narchieologists will delve with satisfactory results.\\nIt is not within the province of this chapter to enter into an elaborate dis-\\ncussion of the subject, but, as has already been intimated, merely to suggest\\nwhere the labor should be undertaken. Van Buren County should be made\\nthe theater of exhaustive research, and if this paper prepares the way for such\\nenterprises, its mission will be fully accomplished.\\nHISTORY OF THE ABORIGINES.\\nFrom the contemplation of this primordial race a people which must be\\ntermed the originals, so far as our imperfect knowledge extends, but which may,\\nafter all, have been but the last fragments of a nation greater even than\\nour own let us pass to the consideration of those, tribes which are not myth-\\nical.\\nHuman improvement, rushing through civilization, crushes in its march all\\nwho cannot grapple to its car. This law is as inexorable as Fate. You\\ncolonize the lands of the savage with the Anglo-Saxon, says Stephen\\nMontague you civilize that portion of the earth but is the savage civilized\\nHe is exterminated You accumulate machinery, you increase the total of\\nwealth but what becomes of the labor you displace One generation is\\nsacrificed to the next. You diffuse knowledge, and the world seems to grow\\nbriorhter but Discontent at Poverty replaces Ignorance happy with its crust.\\nEvery Improvement, every advancement in civilization injures some to benefit\\nothers, and either cherishes the want of to-day or prepares the revolution of\\nto-morrow.\\nIt is, as it were, but yesterday since the hills upon which Ottumwa s palace\\nhomes now stand re-echoed the mournful dirge of the departing red man. The\\nyears are few in number since the sorrowful cortege passed slowly toward the\\nsetting sun, leaving behind the noble dead, sleeping in the cold embrace of the\\ngrim monarch, by the side of their beloved white father leaving the homes\\nthev had been taught to claim as their own leaving all, even hope, behind.\\nThere still live many persons who beheld the strange sight of a remnant of a\\nrace departing forever from the scenes of their early life, and such will, doubt-\\nless, be disposed to sneer at the pen which finds a source of sadness in the con-\\ntemplation of this event. But worthy hands have written lines of liv-\\ning power upon the theme, nor can the harsh character of fact denude the sub-\\niect of a glamour which poetry and romance have cast around the dusky subject\\nand his fate. There is a grandeur in the record of the race which the stern\\nforce of truth is powerless to dispel.\\nThose men Avho were compelled to meet the groveling band which had sur-\\nvived the first shock of defeat, saw only the ruin which the strong had wrought\\nupon the weak. The native power had fled a subjugated race was subsist-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 343\\ning in its helplessness upon the bounty of its conquerors. There was no spot on\\nearth left for them. Foot by foot their mighty possessions Avere taken from\\nthem, not in the din and whirl of battle, but by the humiliating processes of\\npeace. Here, at last, they stood, with bowed heads, meekly awaiting the decree\\nwhich should compel them to resume their endless march. Behind them was\\nthe tradition of their strength before them, annihilation of their clans. Even\\ntheir warlike instincts were dwarfed in the presence of their masters. Had\\nthey disputed titles with the whites, the memories clustering about them now\\nwould be far different. But that resort to arms, that defiant struggle to the\\nend, that disappearance in dramatic furor all was denied them. Had they\\nbeen other in nature than they were, this placid surrender to fate would seem\\nless pitiful. Once fierce and bloody, then subdued, their stolid acceptance of\\ndestiny carried with it a mournful air that will be breathed through history s\\npages while our race shall live.\\nThe Indian is the embodiment of the dramatic, and when the curtain is\\nrung down upon a scene so spiritless and tame as this of which we write, the\\nadmiration which is his due is turned to pity. The actual spectators of the\\ndrama find it impossible to forget the sordid character of the players, it is true;\\nbut at so short a remove of time as this which has already elapsed since this\\ncounty was the theater of the play, a shade of romance is imparted and the\\nevents become absorbing in their interest.\\nThe very name of Wapello, which the practical iconoclast has not succeeded\\nin tearing from the county seal, suggests the importance of the Indian history\\nof this county. We shall endeavor to preserve for future generations the story\\nof the declining days of the once great Sacs and Foxes.\\nIn the State history which precedes this department of the work, an\\nextended history of the several tribes is given. It is the purpose of this chap-\\nter to take up the thread of narrative at the point where the county of Wapello\\nbecomes the scene of action, extending backward far enough to merely gather\\nthe scattered ends.\\nIn this work the writer is dependent largely upon a series of papers from\\nthe pen of the late Major John Beach, son-in-law of the original Indian\\nAgent, Gen. Street, and who in turn was Agent after the death of the General\\nin 1840. These papers were prepared in the summer of 1874, and published\\nin the Agency Independent. Major Beach died September 2, 1874, or before\\nthe series was published in full. That such forethought was manifested by\\nhim, is a matter of congratulation among all who are interested in this county.\\nIt is to be regretted, however, that the Major did not prepare a still more\\nelaborate history of the tribes he was so long associated with. While we\\ndo not consider it essential to preserve, in exact form, the series of articles\\nalluded to, we have carefully extracted all salient points, and have added\\nto them much more information, obtained through those conversant with the\\nmatter,\\nTHE GREAT BLACK HAWK.\\nBlack Hawk, the great chief, was born in Sac Village, about three miles\\nfrom the junction of Rock River with the Mississippi, in Illinois, in 1767. He\\ncame of a brave stock and began the life of a warrior at fifteen years of age.\\nBlack Hawk s name is variously given, but Major Beach, who was personally\\nacquainted with the chief, writes that the real orthography is Muck-a-ta-mish-\\ne-ki-ak-ki-ak, which means a black hawk. The history of this chief is not\\nintimately associated with Wapello County, and this paragraph is introduced", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nmerely for the sake of preserving the spelling of the name. A fact is mentioned\\nin Major Beach s sketch which is here produced\\nThe Sacs and Foxes, according to their traditions, once dwelt upon the\\nshores of the great lakes. Gradually they were pushed westward, until in time\\nthey came to occupy a large portion of Northern Illinois. In spite of the press-\\nure of the whites, this band occupied a site on the east shore of the Missis-\\nsippi, near Rock River. Here Black Hawk was, in 1832, the controlling spirit.\\nHe was never a chief, either by inheritance or election, declares Major\\nBeach, and his influence was shared by a wily old savage, of part Winne-\\nbago blood, called the Prophet, who could do with Black Hawk pretty much as\\nhe pleased and also by a Sac named Na-pope, the English of which is Soup,\\nand Avhom the writer found to be a very friendly and manageable old native, as\\nwas also Black Hawk.\\nIf this be true, as there is every reason to esteem it, the character of\\nBlack Hawk stands out as a self-made Indian, if an Americanism can be thus\\nparodied, and he appears in the nature of a dictator as well as that of a great\\nruler.\\nOf the famous Black Hawk war, it is not within the province of this sketch\\nto speak it belongs to the history of Illinois, and has been repeatedly written\\nup. After the defeat of the chief, in 1832, he was captured and taken to Prai-\\nrie du Chien. After an imprisonment in Jefferson Barracks, and, subsequently,\\nin Fortress Monroe, whither he was taken, he was returned, at the interces-\\nsion of Keokuk, to this region. In his old age. Black Hawk sought the com-\\npany of the garrison, his band was broken up and the once great chief was left\\nalone in his declining years. Major Beach relates the following incident de-\\nrived from personal observation\\nBlack Hawk s lodge was always the perfection of cleanliness, a quite unu-\\nsual thing for an Indian. The writer has seen the old woman busily at work\\nwith her broom, by time of sunrise, sweeping down the little ant-hills in the\\nyard that had been thrown up during the night. As the chiefs of the nation\\nseemed to pay him but little attention in the waning years of his life, Gen.\\nStreet, the Agent, looked out for his comfort more carefully than otherwise he\\nwould have thought it needful to do, and, among other things, gave him a cow\\nan appendage to an Indian s domestic establishment hitherto unheard of. The\\nold squaw and daughter were instructed in the art of milking her, and she was\\nheld among them in almost as great reverence as the sacred ox. Apis, was held\\namong the ancient Egyptians.\\nThis was in the summer of 1838, when the Agency, for which our town\\nwas named, was in process of erection, and Black Hawk had established his\\nlodge on the banks of the Des Moines, about three miles below Eldon. Close\\nby was the trading-house of Wharton McPherson, with whom the writer stayed\\none night in August of said year (1838), and as he rode past the lodge, Mme.\\nBlack Hawk was complacently sitting upon a log by the side of her cow, under\\na heavily-shaded tree, industriously brushing the flies and musquitoes from the\\nbovine with a rag tied to the end of a stick. Mr. McPherson said this was her\\ndaily occupation in fly-time, often following the animal around as it grazed at a\\ndistance. This was the last occasion that ever the writer had an interview with\\nBlack Hawk, as he died within two months of that time (October 3, 1838), and\\nwas even then so infirm that he could barely move about his wigwam.\\nNot long after his burial, his body Avas stolen from its grave by some sacri-\\nlegious person, and, some years later, the bones came into the possession of a\\nphysician of Quincy, 111., wh o sent them to Gov. Chambers, who, as Governor", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 315\\nof the Territory, was also Superintendent of Indian Aftairs. The writer was\\nintrusted to notify the family that they could have the bones, as he did but\\nthey seemed indifferent about the matter, and did nothing whatever about it.\\nWAPELLO AND OTHER CHIEFS.\\nWapello, the chief for whom this county was named, was a powerful ruler\\namong his people, but was a fast friend of the whites, especially of the first\\nIndian Agent, Gen. Street. Incidents illustrative of his character are dis-\\npersed through the following pages. He died in 1841, and was buried by the\\nside of his friend, the General, on the Agency Farm. His grave was recently\\ncared for by the managers of the C, B. Q. Railroad, which passes near\\nbv, and is now in a condition to withstand the shocks of time for years to\\ncome.\\nPoweshiek, a chief co-equal with Wapello, but of the Foxes, while the lat-\\nter was of the Sac tribe, was located on the reserve on the Iowa River, and\\ndoes not figure in this history. He died before the Indians left the State,\\nand thus escaped the humiliation of the scene.\\nKeokuk, the grand sachem, was a man of tall, commanding presence, straight\\nas an arrow, and, when aroused, could make an eloquent speech to his tribe.\\nHe was selected by the United States Government to distribute the annuities to\\nthe Sacs and Foxes not only for his energies Avhen opposed to the nation in\\nbattle, but for his influence among the red men everywhere. But he was avari-\\ncious and intemperate, putting any amount of whisky under his royal toga, and\\nstealing from his red brothers the hard silver so kindly given them by the Great\\nFather at Washington. He had a chronic quarrel with Hardfish s band, that\\nlived in Kishkekosh, near Eddyville, and receiving a severe wound from one of\\nthis tribe, he died soon after reaching Kansas, in 1845.\\nFrom a sketch of Keokuk, published in the Annals of Iowa, 1865, by Uriah\\nBiggs, one of the pioneers of Ottumwa, the following interesting extracts are\\nmade\\nKeokuk is deserving of a prominent page in the history of the country, and\\na truthful history of his life would be read and cherished as a momento of one\\nof nature s noblemen. As an orator he was entitled to a rank with the most\\ngifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing, and in his\\npublic speeches he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures.\\nHe spoke rapidly, but his enunciation was clear and distinct and very forcible,\\nculling his figures from the stores of nature, and basing his arguments in skill-\\nful logic. He maintained in good faith the stipulations of treaties with the\\nUnited States and with the neighboring tribes. He loved peace and the social\\namenities of life, and was fond of displaying these agreeable traits of character\\nin ceremonious visits to neighboring chiefs, in which he observed the most\\npunctilious etiquette and dignified decorum. He possessed a ready insight into\\nthe motives of others, and was not easily misled by sophistry or beguiled by\\nflattery and in the field of wit, he was no mean champion. It is not my pur-\\npose to write a history of his life, but I will give one anecdote in illustration of\\nthese traits of his character.\\nWhile residing near Ottumwah-noc, he received a message from the Mor-\\nmon prophet, Joe Smith, inviting Keokuk, as king of the Sacs and Foxes, to a\\nroyal conference at his palace at Nauvoo, on matters of the highest importance\\nto their respective people. The invitation was readily accepted, and a train of\\nponies was soon winding its way to the Mormon city, bearing Keokuk and his\\nsuite in stately procession and savage pomp.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nNotice had circulated through the country of this diplomatic interview^\\nand a number of spectators attended to witness the denouement. The audience\\nwas given publicly in the Mormon temple, and the respective chiefs were\\nattended by their suites, the prophet by the dignitaries of the Mormon Church,\\nand the Indian potentate by the high civil and military functionaries of his\\ntribe, and the gentiles were comfortably seated as auditors.\\nThe prophet opened the conference in a set speech of considerable length,\\ngiving Keokuk a brief history of the children of Israel, as detailed in the Bible,\\nand dwelt forcibly upon the story of the lost tribes, and of the direct revelation\\nhe had received from a divine source, that the North American Indians were\\nthese identical lost tribes, and that he, the prophet of God, held a divine com-\\nmission to gather them together and to lead them to a land flowing with milk\\nand honey. After the prophet closed this harangue, Keokuk waited for the\\nwords of his pale-faced brother to sink deep into his mind, and, in making his\\nreply, assumed the gravest attitude and most dignified demeanor. He would\\nnot controvert anything his brother had said about the lost and scattered condi-\\ntion of his race and people, and if his brother was commissioned by the Great\\nSpirit to collect them together and lead them to a new country, it was his duty\\nto do so. But he wished to inquire about some particulars his brother had not\\nnamed, that Avere of the highest importance to him and his people. The red men\\nwere not much used to milk, and he thought that they would prefer streams of\\nwater, and in the country where they now were there was a good supply of\\nhoney. The points that they wished to inquire into were whether the new\\ngovernment would pay large annuities, and whether there was plenty of whisky.\\nJoe Smith saw at once that he had met his match, and that Keokuk was not\\nthe proper material with Avhich to increase his army of dupes, and closed the\\nconference in as amiable a manner as possible.\\nHe was gifted by nature with the elements of an orator in an eminent\\ndegree, and as such is entitled to rank with Logan, Red Jacket and Tecumseh;\\nbut unfortunately for his fame among the white people and with posterity, he\\nwas never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint-\\nance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac-\\nquainted even with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious\\nhindrance to his fame Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labashure,\\nwho had received a rudimental education in the French and English languages,\\nuntil the latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian\\nof his career among the wlnte people, he was compelled to submit his speeches\\nfor translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights\\nof a gifted mind, and the fine imagery, drawn from nature, was beyond their\\npowers of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English tongue\\nto make him sensible of this bad rendering of his thought, and often a feeling\\nof mortification at the bungling eftbrts was depicted upon his countenance while\\nhe was speaking. The proper place to form a due estimate of his ability as an\\norator, was in the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to\\nthose who understood his language, and where the electric eftects of his elo-\\nquence could be plainly noted upon his audience. It was credibly asserted that\\nby the force of his logic he had changed the vote of a council against the strongly\\npredetermined opinions of its members. A striking instance of the influence\\nof his eloquence is related as occurring while the forces under Black Hawk\\nwere invading Illinois, in 1832.\\nKeokuk knew from the first that this reckless war would result in great\\ndisaster to the tribe, and used all diligence to dissuade warriors from following", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 347\\nBlack Hawk, and succeeded in retaining a majority with him at his town on the\\nIowa River. But after Stillman s defeat, the war spirit raged with such ardor\\nthat a war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be moved\\nwith the current of the rising storm, and when the dance was over, he called a\\ncouncil to prepare for war. In his address he admitted the justice of his com-\\nplaints against the white man, and to seek redress was a noble aspiration of\\ntheir natures. The blood of their brethren had been shed by the white man,\\nand the spirits of their braves slain in battle called loudly for vengeance. I\\nam your Chief, he said, and it is my duty to lead you to battle, if, after fully\\nconsiderinof the matter you are determined to go. But before you take this\\nimportant step it is wise to inquire into the chances for success. He then\\nrepresented to them the great power of the United States against whom\\nthey would have to contend that their chance of success was utterly hopeless.\\nBut if you now determine to go upon the war-path, I will agree to lead\\nyou, upon one condition that before we go we kill all our old men and our\\nwives and children to save them from a lingering death by starvation, and\\nthat every one of us determines to leave his bones on the other side of the Mis-\\nsissippi.\\nThis was a strong and truthful picture of the project before them, and was\\npresented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor and to cause them to\\nabandon their rash undertaking. Many other incidents are related of his elo-\\nquence and tact in allaying a rising storm, fraught with war and bloodshed, not\\nonly in his own tribe, but also among neighboring tribes, where his people had\\nbeen the aggressors. Some of these incidents have been preserved by writers\\non Indian research, but many will be lost to history. He delivered a eulogy\\nupon Gen. Harrison, at the Sac and Fox Agency, which was interpreted by Mr.\\nAntoine Le Claire, and considered by many who heard its delivery as one of\\nhis best efforts. This speech, however, was not written down and is lost to his-\\ntory, but enough of the incidents of his career as an orator have been saved\\nfrom the wreck of time to stamp his reputation for natural abilities of the high-\\nest order, and furnish another positive refutation of Buffon s theory on the dete-\\nrioration of men and animals on the American Continent.\\nWe have thus far portrayed the bright side of Keokuk s character; but\\nlike most, if not all, great intellects, there is a dark background which the\\ntruth of history demands shall be brought to view. His traits of character,\\nthus far sketched, may not inaptly be compared with the great Grecian orator\\nbut here the similitude ends. The great blot on Keokuk s life was his inordi-\\nnate love of money, and, toward its close, he became a confirmed inebriate. His\\nwithering reply to the Mormon prophet was intended by him as a pure stroke\\nof wit it, nevertheless, expressed his ruling passions.\\nA bitter and incurable feud existed in the tribe during their time of res-\\nidence on the Des Moines River, between what was denominated Keokuk s\\nband and Black Hawk s band, the latter recognizing Hardfish as their\\nleader. This distrust and, indeed, hatred were smothered in their common inter-\\ncourse when sober; but wdien their blood was fired with whisky, it sometimes\\nassumed a tragic feature amongst the leaders of the respective bands. An\\ninstance of this character occurred on the lower part of the Des Moines, on a\\nreturn of a party making a visit to the half-breeds at the town of Keokuk,\\non the Mississippi. In a quarrel, excited by whisky, Keokuk received a dan-\\ngerous stab in the breast from a son of Black Hawk. The writer of the pres-\\nent sketch saw him conveyed by his. friends homeward, lying in a canoe, unable\\nto rise.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORY OF WArELLO COUNTY.\\nHardfish and his coadjutors lost no occasion to find fault Avith Keokuk s ad-\\nministration. The payments were made in silver coin, put in boxes, containing\\n9500 each, and passed into Keokuk s hands for distribution. The several\\ntraders received each his quota according to their several demands against the\\ntribes admitted by Keokuk, which invariably consumed the far greater portion\\nof the amount received. The remainder was turned over to the chiefs, and dis\\ntributed among their respective bands. Great complaints were made of these\\nallowances to the traders, on the ground of exorbitant prices charged on the\\ngoods actually furnished, and it was alleged that some of these accounts were\\nspurious. In confirmation of this last charge, over and above the character of\\nthe items exhibited in those accounts, an affidavit was filed with Gov* Lucas by\\nan individual, to which the Governor gave credence, setting forth that Keokuk\\nhad proposed to the maker of the affidavit to prefer a purely fictitious account\\nagainst the tribe for the sum of $10,000, and he would admit its correctness,\\nand when paid, the money should be divided among themselves, share and share\\nalike. To swell the traders bills, items were introduced of a character that\\nshowed fraud upon their face, such as a large number of blanket coats, arti-\\ncles which the Indians never wore, and telescopes, of the use of which they had\\nno knowledge. This shows the reckless manner to which these bills were\\nswollen to the exorbitant amounts complained of, in which Keokuk was openly\\ncharged with being in league with the traders to defraud Hardfish s band. At\\nthis time, the nation numbered about 2,300 souls, and only about one-third of the\\nwhole number belonged to Keokuk s party. Gov. Lucas warmly espoused the\\npopular side in the controversy that arose in relation to the mode and manner\\nof making the annual payment, and the matter was referred to the Indian\\nBureau, and the mode was changed, so that payments were made to the heads\\nof families, approximating a per-capita distribution. This method of making\\nthe payments met the unqualified disapprobation of the traders, and after one\\nyear s trial, fell back into the old channel. Keokuk led his tribe west to the\\nKansas country, in 1845, and, according to reports, died some years after of\\ndelirium tremens.\\nAppanoose, Pashapaho, Hardfish and Kishkekosh all play conspicuous\\nparts in the drama. An anecdote or two of the last named will serve as an\\nillustration of the nature of the men. Kishkekosh did not rank equal to\\nAppanoose, Pashapaho or Hardfish, but he seems to have held a prominent\\nplace in councils because of his native talents.\\nGeorge Washington Kishkekosh (whose last name means cut-teeth, or sav-\\nage biter) was a subchief, anjJ had accompanied Black Hawk, as one of his\\nsuite of braves, during the tour of that renowned chief through the East as a\\nprisoner of war. With his leaders, he had been hospitably entertained at hotels\\nand other places, and had a high appreciation of the sumptuous and cleanly-\\nlooking fare that was set before them. How he was enabled, after such an expe-\\nrience, to return with a good stomach to the frugal diet and indifferent cook-\\ning of his own people, we are left to conjecture. At all events, he retained his\\npartiality for clean victuals, and was even overfastidious in this respect, as the\\nfollowing instance will show\\nOne night, he, witb. his company of three or four braves, slept at the house of\\na white man with whom he was on very friendly terms, and were to remain\\nat breakfast. Kish had an eye on the preparations for this meal, and observed\\none neglect that his tender stomach rebelled against. The lady of the house\\n(it is possible she did it intentionally, for she was not a willing entertainer of\\nher savage guesrs) neglected to wash her hands before making up the bread.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELIO COUNTY. 349\\nKish thought he would rather do witliout his breakfast than cat after such\\ncooking, and privately signified as much to his followers, whereupon they\\nmounted their ponies and left, much to the relief of their hostess. Arrived at\\na house some distance from the one they had left, they got their breakfast and\\nrelated the circumstance.\\nThese people, though generally accustomed and limited to the poorest fare,\\nwere not averse to the best that could be provided, and made themselves glut-\\ntons whenever they could get enough of it. Like the wolf, they were capable\\nof a long fast, and then would gorge themselves at a plenteous feast, even to\\nstupidity.\\nOn another occasion, Kishkekosh and his suite, consisting of several prom-\\ninent personages of the tribe, being then encamped on Skunk River, in Jasper\\nCounty, went to the house of a Mr. Mikesell on a friendly visit, and he treated\\nthem to a feast. Besides Kish and his wife, who was a very ladylike person,\\nthis party consisted of his mother Wykoma, the son of Wapello, and his two\\nwives (for polygamy was not an uncommon practice with these people) Masha\\nWapetine, his wife and all their children. This old woman, on being asked\\nhow old she was, replied: Mack-ware-renaak-we kauk (may be a hundred),\\nand indeed her bowed form and hideously shriveled features would justify the\\nbelief that she was fully that old. The whole party were dressed in more than\\nusually becoming style, probably out of respect to their hostess, who, knowing\\nsomething of their voracious appetites, had made ample preparation for them.\\nWhen the table was surrounded, Kish, who had learned some good manners, as\\nwell as acquired cleanly tastes, essayed to perform the etiquette of the occasion\\nbefore eating anything himself. With an amusingly awkward imitation of\\nAvhat he had seen done among the whites, he passed the various dishes to the\\nothers, showing the ladies special attention, and helped them to part of every-\\nthing on the table with much apparent disinterestedness. But when he came\\nto help himself his politeness assumed the Indian phase altogether. He ate\\nlike a person with a bottomless pit inside of him for a stomach, taking every-\\nthing within his reach, without regard to what should come first or last in the\\ncourse, so only that he liked the taste of it. At length, after having drunk five\\nor six cups of coffee, and eaten a proportionate amount of solid foods, his gas-\\ntronomic energy began to abate. Seeing this, his host approached him, and\\nwith apparent concern for his want of appetite, said, Why, Kish, do you not eat\\nyour dinner? Have another cup of coffee and eat something. In reply to\\nthis hospitable urgency, Kisli leaned back in his seat, lazily shook his head and\\ndrew his finger across his throat under his chin, to indicate how full he was.\\nAnd then in further explanation of his satisfied condition, he opened his huge\\nmouth and thrust his finger down his throat as far as he dared, as much as to\\nsay he could almost touch the victuals. Of course the others had eaten in like\\nproportion, making the most of an event that did not happen every day.\\nKishkekosh seems to have had in him the elements of civilization, which\\nneeded but opportunity to spring up and bear pretty fair fruit. Not only did\\nhe become fastidious as to cleanliness, but he observed and imitated other usages\\namong the whites, even more radically different from those of his savage people.\\nIt is well known that among the Indians, as well as among all unenlightened\\nraces, the women are, in a manner, the slaves of the other sex. They are made\\nto do all the drudgery of the camp, cultivate the corn, bring in the game after\\nthe hunter has had the sport of slaughtering it, no matter how far away he may\\nbe, he being either too lazy or feeling it beneath his dignity to bear the burden.\\nThey procure all the fuel to cook with, catch the ponies for their masters to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nride, pack up their tents and household goods when preparing to move, and set\\nthem up when they again come to a halt in their wanderings. Kishkekosh\\nhad noticed the diflferent fashion of the white settlers in regard to their women,\\nand had, moreover, been reasoned with by them like an intelligent being, and\\nhe was very ready to admit the force of their arguments. He made an effort to\\ninstitute reform among his people by having the men do a fair share of the\\nwork that, according to ordinary usage, fell to the squaws. He set them an\\nexample by taking hold heartily himself, and, though it is not probable that\\nany very extended reformation took place, owing to the long-continued lazipess\\nof the men, and the deeply-rooted belief that their province was alone th4t of\\nthe hunter or warrior, yet the movement itself indicates a capacity in this sav-\\nage chief for progress and enlightenment.\\nThe Indians in this region, as far back as 1841-2, had a novel way of deal-\\ning with drunken people. After the Black Hawk w^r, they chose rather to\\nlive upon their annuities granted them by the Government, than upon the prod-\\nucts of the chase, as they had hitherto been forced to do and as this gave\\nthem a good deal of leisure, they spent most of their time in drunken orgies,\\nwhich proved a great mortality to the tribes, since many accidents happened to\\nlife and limb from that cause. It was therefore a custom for a few of the red\\nmen and the squaws to keep sober, so that when the inebriates got too wild\\nthere would be some one to keep a restraining influence upon them. When a\\npoor wight became unsafely drunk, he was tied neck and heels so that he could\\nbe rolled about like a ball, which operation Avas kept up, despite his pleadings,\\nuntil the fumes of liquor had vanished, when he was released. The sufferer\\nwould beg for mercy, but to no avail and after he was sobered he showed no\\nresentment, but seemed to recognize the wisdom of the proceeding.\\nANECDOTE OF PASHEPAHO.\\nThe \u00c2\u00bbfollowing anecdote of Pashepaho is worth preserving. Major Beach\\nrelates the incident as coming under his own personal knowledge\\nSome time in 1832, a plan was laid to attack Ft. Madison, then a United\\nStates garrison. Pashepaho, then a noted war-chief of the Sacs, and who, in\\nafter times, was a fast friend of the writer, especially if a wee drop ever\\nlingered in the bottom of the decanter, was the projector of this scheme. But\\nthe treachery of a squaw brought it to grief, and the savages, on their pretended\\nfriendly approach, were confronted with all the grim paraphernalia of war ready\\nfor their reception. The plan was, under pretense of a council with the com-\\nmandant, to gain entrance with arms concealed beneath their blankets and robes\\nbut as they advanced in a body toward the closed gate, it suddenly opened to\\nreveal a cannon in the passage way, and the gunner with his lighted port-fire,\\nwhile just in the rear the troops were drawn up in battle array. Old Pash,\\nlike many a less Avise man before and since, deemed discretion the better part of\\nvalor.\\nSeveral years later than the defeated plot against Ft. Madison, the writer\\nbeing at the time stationed at Ft. Armstrong, on Rock Island, Pashepaho\\ncalled also the Stabbing Chief made an attempt to effect a lodgment in\\nthat garrison, though upon a different principle. During the previous year, some\\nof the braves of his tribe being out on the prairie on a hunting expedition, fell\\nin with a party of their long-time enemies, the Sioux, and, having the advan-\\ntage, the encounter resulted in the losing, by the last named, of a few of their\\nscalps. Complaint was made to the department at Washington, and orders\\nwere sent to Rock Island to demand of the chiefs the culprits and to hold them", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 351\\nprisoners in the fort. This was done. They were brought into the fort and\\nsurrendered, and throughout a winter, say some five months, they enjoyed\\nUncle Sam s hospitality in the shape of good quarters and plenty to eat, with\\nno trouble in providing it. In fact, they lived in an Indian s heaven, until\\nreleased through some arrangement Avhereby satisfactory blood-money was to be\\ntaken from the annuities of their tribes and paid over to the Sioux. Well, the\\nnext fall, OldPash. probably not finding his larder as well stocked for the\\nAvinter as our modern publicans always advertise theirs to be, with the best\\nthe market affords, conceived the brilliant idea of imposing himself as a guest,\\nindirectly, upon his Great Father, the President. So, calling one day upon\\nCol. Davenport, the commandant, he informed him that being recently out upon\\na hunt, he had had the misfortune to meet one of his traditional foes, a Sioux,\\nand the morbid impulse to lift his hair entirely overcame the kinder senti-\\nments of his naturally humane character, so that he yielded to it. But he knew\\nthat he had done wrong, and that that best of his friends, the Great Father, whom\\nhe held in great esteem and affection, would hear of it and be very angry, and,\\ntherefore, to save him the additional vexation of having to send out a letter\\ndemanding his arrest, he had, at once, voluntarily come in to make confession\\nand surrender himself. Col. Davenport, who saw pretty well into the scheme,\\nlauded him as a most honorable Indian, and told him that he was satisfied that\\nhis offer of surrender was sufficient evidence that he would return whenever\\nsent for, therefore, he would not consent to make him a prisoner a day earlier\\nthan could be avoided. No more was ever heard of it.\\nMAJOR beach s history OF THE AGENCY.\\nWe now quote literally from Major Beach s articles, giving an intelligent\\nand very interesting account of the earliest white settlements in Wapello, and\\nalso preserving anecdotes of the several chiefs who led the bands of dusky\\nnatives\\nThe war of 1832 resulted in a treaty which left the Indians no further\\nclaim to any territory east of the Mississippi, and, with a later treaty in 1837,\\nobtained for the United States the cession of the beautiful and fertile belt of\\nEastern Iowa, that extends, in our neighborhood, to within a mile or two of\\nBatavia, and crosses the Des Moines River, at its boundary, at lowaville.\\nThere was a reservation left for the Poweshiek band of Foxes on or near the\\nIowa River, the purchase of which was the object of a treaty held in the fall of\\n1836. on a spot now within the city of Davenport, but then belonging to the\\nfamous half-blood, Leclaire. Iowa was then attached, for Government purposes,\\nto Wisconsin, and its Governor, the late Henry Dodge, was the Commissioner\\nto negotiate the treaty, and the late Gov. Grimes, then a new settler, was the Sec-\\nretary. This treaty is referred to for the sake of an incident which shows that,\\nwhether common or not to the Lo family in general, the Sacs and Foxes, at\\nleast, possessed an honorable side to their character.\\nThe country around was already densely settled, and the Indians could\\neasily have procured an unlimited supply of whisky. Gov. Dodge, in his\\nopening speech at the preliminary council, impressed upon them the importance\\nand necessity of strict sobriety during the negotiations, and expressed his hope\\nthat his advice would be heeded. Keokuk and the other chiefs, in reply, said\\ntheir father s talk about the fire-water was good, and gave their word that none\\nof it should be allowed among them during the proceedings. Immediately the\\ncouncil closed, they appointed a sufficient guard or police of the most reliable\\nbraves, to prevent the introduction or use of liquor, at whatever cost. In fiict.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nthe very bluest blood of the tribes was selected for the duty, and each one\\ninstructed to carry a designated badge of his authority.\\nBefore the conclusion of the treaty, a Sunday intervened, and nearly all\\nthe Indians came over to Rock Island to the trading-house. Meanwhile, a\\nsteamboat came along and tied up there at the bank. She was crowded with\\npassengers, who were excited at the view of so many savages, and Black Hawk,\\nwho was conspicuous, was soon recognized and became the object of chief\\ninterest. A passenger soon came ashore, took him by the hand and led him on\\nboard, his wish being to invite him to a friendly glass at the bar. But Black Hawk,\\nAvhether influenced by a sense of personal honor or the presence of the police,\\nwould not go there, and soon returned to the shore. Next, the boat began to\\npush off, and Black Hawk s new friend, anxious not to be disappointed of his\\nkind design, had already procured a bottle filled with li(i[uor and stood reaching\\nit out from the guards of the boat. At the last instant, one of the Indian\\npolice, with quiet and courteous dignity, took the bottle, and a smile of satis-\\nfaction dift used itself over the donor s face, which soon changed to a very differ-\\nent cast of countenance, for instantly the young brave hurled the bottle upon\\nthe rock at his feet, and dashed it into countless atoms, and the poor fellow was\\nglad to slink away in the rear of the stentorian shout that ascended and came\\nechoing back from the opposite bluffs, and in which it was hard to distinguish\\nwhether the exulting whoop of the Indians or the less terrific, though no less\\nhearty and derisive shout of the steamer s company, predominated.\\nThere was a somewhat singular coincidence in regard to names existing\\nupon Rock Island for some time subsequent to the Black Hawk war, and the\\nmore so, as Davenport is not as common a patronymic as Jones or Smith.\\nGeorge Davenport, called Colonel, had been for many years the head of the\\ntrading establishment there. He was an Englishman by birth, had amassed\\nan ample fortune, and lived hospitably and generously in his pleasant mansion,\\na short half-mile from the Fort. It will be remembered by some who read this,\\nthat he was murdered in his house at high noon, one Fourth of July, by villains\\nwho had entered to rob him. Soon after the war, a new Agent was sent out\\nto replace the one who had been killed by the Indians. His name was also\\nDavenport, and he was called Colonel and, a few months later. Col. William\\nDavenport, of the First United States Infantry, was sent there to command\\nthe fort. These three gentlemen, each a head of one of the three depart-\\nments pertaining to the Indians, were in no way related to each other.\\nSome two or three years later, a change in the organization of the Indian\\nDepartment transferred Gen. Street from the Agency of the Winnebagoes at\\nPrairie du Chien, which he had filled for several years, to that of the Sacs and\\nFoxes. Gen. Street was fully known for a most uncompromising Whig of the\\nHenry Clay persuasion, yet he retained his office throughout the terms of Gen.\\nJackson, and until he died in Mr. Van Buren s last year. In 1837, the Agency\\nat Rock Island was abandoned, the fort having been evacuated and dismantled\\nthe year previous, though Gen. Street still paid and i;uet the Indians there for\\nsome months later. But the inconvenience to the Indians of bringing them so\\nfar from their villages, and through the border settlements, now slowly extend-\\ning, suggested the propriety of removing their Agency into their own country.\\nIn the fall of 1837, a party of about thirty of the chiefs and head men were\\ntaken by Gen. Street, under orders, to Washington. Wapello had along his\\nwife and little son, and perhaps one or two more women were of the party.\\nThe writer, then going to his native State on furlough, accompanied them from\\nRock Island to Wheeling, and afterward was present with the Indians during", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. S53\\nnearly the week they were visitors in Boston. They were a novelty in this city,\\nand were received and entertained with great attention and kindness. The mili-\\ntary were turned out to escort them about in their line of carriages and clear the\\nstreets of the throngs that filled them. Black Hawk and his two sons, splendid\\nspecimens of manly symmetry and beauty in form, were of the party, and nat-\\nurally the most noticed by the multitude, their recent fame as warriors being\\nyet fresh in the popular mind. The party was received, Avith all due ceremony,\\nin old Faneuil Hall by the Mayor and city government, and welcomed to the\\ncity and on the succeeding day the Governor, the late Hon. Edward Everett,\\nreceived them in the State House on behalf of the State. This ceremony was\\nheld in the spacious hall of the Representatives, every inch of which was\\njammed with humanity. After the Governor had ended his eloquent and\\nappropriate address of welcome, it devolved upon the chiefs to reply, and\\nAppanoose, in his turn, as, at the conclusion of his talk, he advanced to\\ngrasp the Governor s hand, said It is a great day that the sun shines upon\\nwhen two such great chiefs take each other by the hand The Governor, with a\\nnod of approbation, controlled his facial muscles in a most courtly gravity.\\nB^t the way the house came down was a caution which Appanoose doubtless\\nconsidered the Yankee fashion of applauding his speech.\\nThere were two theaters then in Boston, and a struggle ensued between\\nthem to obtain the presence of the Indians, in order to draw houses. At the\\nTremont, the aristocratic and fashionable one, the famous tragedian, Forrest,\\nwas filling an engagement. His great play, in which he acted the part of a\\ngladiator, and always drew his largest audiences, had not yet come ofi and the\\nmanager was disinclined to bring it out while the Indians were there, as their\\npresence always insured a full house. Gen. Street, being a strict Presbyterian,\\nwas not much in the theatrical line, and hence the writer, who had recently\\nbecome his son-in-law, took these matters oft his hands; and, as he knew this\\nparticular play would suit the Indians far better than those simple, declamatory\\ntragedies, in which, as they could not understand a word, there was no action\\nto keep them interested, he finally prevailed upon Mr. Barry, the manager, to\\nto bring it out, promising that all the Indians should come.\\nIn the exciting scene, where the gladiators engage in deadly combat, the\\nIndians gazed with eager, breathless anxiety and as Forrest, finally pierced\\nthrough the breast with his adversary s sword, fell dying, and as the other\\ndrew his bloody weapon from the body, heaving in the convulsions of its expir-\\ning throes, Avhile the curtain falls, the whole Indian company burst out with\\ntheir fiercest war whoop. It was a frightful yell to strike suddenly upon unac-\\ncustomed ears, and was instantly succeeded by screams of terror from among\\nthe more nervous of the ladies and children. For an instant the audience\\nseemed at a loss, but soon uttered a hearty round of applause a just tribute\\nto both actor and Indians.\\nAfter ceding the belt of country upon the Iowa side of the Mississippi, as\\nheretofore mentioned, and having considerably increased the width of this belt\\nby an additional cession in the treaty of 1837, the Sacs and Foxes still retained\\na large and most valuable portion of our State. This last treaty was negotiated\\nwith the party whose visits to Washington and other Eastern cities we have just\\nmentioned, and was concluded on the 21st day of October. This was the first\\ntreaty ever made with the Sacs and Foxes in which the principle was incor-\\nporated that had just then begun to be adopted, of making the sum allowed the\\nIndians for their land a permanent fund, to be held in trust by the United\\nStates, upon which interest only, at the rate of 5 per cent, would be annually", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npaid to them. Hitherto it had been the custom to provide that the gross sum\\ngranted for a cession should be paid in yearly installments. For instance,\\n$10,000 in regular payments of $1,000, over a term of ten years, would have\\nleft the Indians, at the end of that time, destitute of all further benefit from\\nthat cession. But now the more humane policy had come to be followed of\\nsaving for them, in perpetuity, the principal sum. For their cession of 1837,\\nthey were allowed $200,000, upon which the interest annually paid is $10,-\\n000 and the treaty of October 11, 1842, that finally dispossessed them of\\ntheir land in Iowa, pays them $40,000, as the interest upon $800,000, which,\\ntogether with the payment by the United States of a large amount of claims,\\nand some minor stipulations of a cash character, was the consideration for which\\nthat cession was obtained. Under a very old treaty, they were also receiving\\nan unlimited annuity of $1,000, so that now there is the yearly sum of $51,-\\n000 payable to the Sacs and Foxes, as long as any of their people live to claim\\nand receive it.\\nThis treaty of 1837 also stipulated for the erection of mills and support of\\nmillers the breaking-up and fencing of fields the establishment of a model\\nfarm, and other schemes of the pestilent brood of so-called philanthropists who\\nwere then beginning to devise their various plans for plundering the savages,\\nand fastening upon them their hosts of vampires and leeches, schemes causing\\nthe outlay of many thousands of dollars of the money granted to these Indians\\nfor their lands, from which, it is safe to say, they never derived the slightest\\nbenefit.\\nAppanoose persuaded Gen. Street that Sugar Creek, between Ottumwa\\nand Agency, was fifty miles long, and the General had a mill erected on it.\\nA freshet occurred within the next twelve months or so, sufficient in size and\\nforce to wash it away but the writer doubts if ever a bushel of grain was ground\\nin it, nor, had it stood to this day, and had the Indians remained to this day,\\ndoes he believe they could have been prevailed upon to have raised a bushel of\\ncorn to carry to it. Another mill was put up on Soap Creek, and when the\\nwriter took charge of the Agency, in June, 1840, that also was destroyed but\\nas that was a better stream and he was fortunate enough to secure the services\\nof Mr. Peter Wood, a man who fully understood his business, and was honestly\\ndisposed to attend to it, a second mill that was erected fared better, but the\\nIndians took no interest in it whatever.\\nA large field, cornering where the creek just below the depot at Ottumwa\\ndebouches from the bluff was made and cultivated for one of the villages then\\nlocated opposite. The field extended in this direction and toward the river.\\nAnother was made on the opposite bank near to the villages, and still a third in\\nthe same neighborhood, giving one to each of the three villages located opposite\\nand below Ottumwa. A splended wheat crop harvested by the hands\\nemployed on the Pattern Farm, was stacked and a very high fence built around\\nuntil it could be threshed but, in a very little time, the young men, too lazy\\nto hunt up their ponies if turned out to graze, and having no sqiiaws of whom\\nto exact the duty, tore down the fences and turned their ponies upon the\\ngrain.\\nTheir farm, which embraced the land now occupied by Mr. Van Zant and\\nDavid Staubine s farm, as also part of Mrs. Bradley s, and some other tracts,\\nwas capable of being conducted in a way to secure to them somewhat more\\nbenefit than any of their other so-called inprovements. Yet it was utterly im-\\npossible, and, doubtless, would have been even to the present day, to fulfill with\\nit the chief designs contemplated by the humane simpletons estimable gentle-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 357\\nman in countless ways, as they surely are who were then, and still are, busy\\nin devising projects to ameliorate the condition of the Indians. Sad, irretrieva-\\nble, irremediable necessity may compel a savage to many an act or course that\\nno other pressure could persuade him to attempt and the patient exercise of\\nsensible discretion and judgment can sometimes effect what it were otherwise\\nfolly to undertake. Now, here was a tribe, with hardly an element of its\\ncharacter as yet in the least subdued or toned down from its aboriginal purity.\\nWork, hard manual labor, it was part of their nature to look upon as deo^rad-\\ning and contemptible, even apart from the indolence that in itself would disin-\\ncline them to it. The disdainful scorn of their demeanor toward certain half-\\ncivilized tribes, in whose vicinity they settled in Kansas, was characteristic.\\nThe hybrid styles of dress, neither Indian nor white man, that these fellows had\\nbeen civilized up to the point of glorying in, were a source of never-ending\\namusement to the Sacs and Foxes.\\nAt the time that the Sacs and Foxes were prevailed upon to consent to\\nthe expenditure of a portion of the proceeds of their lands, with a view to the\\nintroduction among them of all this new machinery of mills, farms and the like,\\nthey had not the slightest ground for apprehending that so much of their sub-\\nsistence as depended upon their favorite occupation of the chase could dimin-\\nish in a long time to come and their annual cash receipts from the United\\nStates were large in their eyes. Under such conditions, not the least motive\\nexisted to induce them to labor while the design of the farm was to serve as a\\nmodel, an exemplar, where they could come and look on, and learn to work by\\nobservation, by such practice as they might be willing to attempt, and by the\\ninstructions of the skilled farmer and hands employed. The expenses of main-\\ntaining as well as of the original establishment of the farm were taken from\\ntheir annuities, from the consideration allowed them for the lands they had sold.\\nAnd the chief benefit that ever accrued to them was, that parties coming in\\nfrom a distance to get work done by their black and gun smith could sometimes,\\nin bad weather, depend on it for shelter while detained, as well as for provis-\\nions. And, even here, the farmer was always liable to be imposed upon by the\\nworthless vagabonds of the tribes, who would make it a pretext for indulcring\\ntheir laziness and it was also the source of jealousy and discord among the\\nbands -if the slightest charge could be established that one had received the\\nleast benefit more than another, requiring constant caution and delicate man-\\nagement to prevent.\\nIndeed, the writer never considered these schemes to be anything in fact,\\nalthough not in intent, but barefaced plunder of the Indians. Since^that time,\\nthey have doubtless increased in number and in kind, so as to embrace every\\nobject out of which a job can be got; and the only chance of justice to the\\nIndian is in their utter expulsion, and the restoration of the entire Indian serv-\\nice to the War Department, where alone it properly and reasonably belongs, where\\nfor years it was conducted to the general welfare and contentment of the Indi-\\nans, and where, if restored to it, remedies could soon be devised to abate the\\ncountless perfidies and iniquities against the savages, to which its first re-\\nmoval paved the way. The powerful interests that have already once or\\ntwice defeated measures undertaken in Congress for this object, and ren-\\ndered of no avail the most convincing arguments in its favor of those least\\nliable to suspicion of personal interest, are proof enough that the simple\\nwelfare of the Indian is not the sole incentive, and also justify the apprehension\\nthat venality may not be an unwelcome guest in the patriotic breast of a Con-\\ngressman.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe treaty of 1837 having been ratified bv the Senate. Gen. Street took\\nearly measures, in 1838, to establish the agency within the boundaries, and as\\nconveniently as possible to the villages of the Sacs and Foxes, and at once\\nentered into contract with a gentleman, whose name the writer has forgotten,\\nbut who lived not far below Clarksville. in Missouri, to put up the requisite\\nbuildings for his family residence and office, the smith s shops, etc. The great\\nlength of Gen. Street s service in the Indian Department, and the high consid-\\neration, both oificially and personally, in which he was held, caused the Depart-\\nment to be more liberal toward him in the sums allowed for these objects than\\nperhaps otherwise it would have been for, besides consenting to a house quite\\nsubstantial and of convenient size, they allowed him. also, a sum sufficient to\\npay for the breaking-up aiul inclosing of a large field, with quite convenient\\nstables and other buildings attached to the domicile. The contractor Avas a\\nresponsible person, of considerable means, and when he undertook business was\\ndisposed to push it through without delay or vexatious annoyances and so,\\nstarting from his home with teams, some of his negroes and an ample force of\\nhired mechanics and laborers, he soon had a lai-ge company at work upon the\\nground.\\nThe writer came out for a couple of days in August, 1838, The old\\nCouncil House, intended for a place wherein to hold talks with the Indians,\\nwas already completed, being the first building put up, with a view to using it\\nas a shelter for the provisions and other perishable stores. Many of the tim-\\nbers for the Agency House were upon the ground, and being continually hauled\\nthere, ready hewn. Two heavy breaking teams were at work upon the future\\nfield, and Avagons hauliuir on the rails, and the ring of the blacksmith s hammer\\nbeing quite steadily maintained, quite a business air was imparted to the new set-\\ntlement. As the party of four, of whom the writer was one, rode in, about 11\\no clock, hot and tired with the saddle, from beyond Birmingham, without an\\nintervening house, the hospitable-looking camp of tents and board sheds, close\\nto the Council House, the bla/ing fire, over Avhich tAvo or three female Africans\\nAvere busy at the steaming coffee, bacon, biscuits and divers vegetables of the\\nseason, excited in his mind an impression of the ncAV agency, the satisfactory\\ncontentment of Avhich has never to this day Avorn oft\\nMr. Richard Kerr was one of this party. He had just been appointed\\nFarmer to the Indians, and arranging Avith Gen. Street to meet in Burlington,\\nthe object of the trip out Avas to select a suitable location for the Pattern Farm,\\nand to receive his preliminary instructions for commencing operations. The\\nplace Avas selected, and Mr. Kerr set about employing laborers, Avho Avere paid,\\nas Avell as himself, out of the appropriation set apart for agricultural purposes*\\nMr. Kerr s pay Avas ^50 per month, and his Avife received ^20 per month as\\nMatron, Avhich, Avith the free use of Avhatever Avas raised, made it a very com-\\nfortable position. Their house, the one noAv occupied by Mr. Van Zant, Avas\\nnot long in making its a])pea ranee. Mr. Kerr understood the art of farming\\nin all its minutia\\\\ and the Pattern, once under Avay, Avas ahvays kept in the\\nbest of order and made productive.\\nAt the Agency, bricks, lime and whatever could be manufactured on the\\npremises, were ready by the time needed, and by Avinter the contract Avas about\\ncompleted and the buildings ready for occupancy. In April, 1839, Gen. Street\\nmoved doAvn his fimily from Prairie du Chien, and took possession. Ere long\\nhis health began to fail, and the result Avas a combination of obstinate maladies\\nunder A\\\\hich he succumbed early in May of the next year. For several\\nmonths, he had been totally incapable of attending to his duties, and the De-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPKLLO COUNTY. 359\\npartment had consented that any of his sons or sons-in-law, of age, might dis-\\ncharge them for him of course his bond being held responsible. He had been\\nout to ride with his brother-in-law, Dr. Posey, of Shawneetown, 111., who had\\nbeen professionally caring for him during several weeks. Alighting from the\\ncarriage, he had stepped ([uite firmly across the stile and yard, and seated him-\\nself within the door, and bade a servant to bring a glass of cold water. As the\\nboy stood presenting it, he sat motionless in the chair. Mrs. Street was there\\nin an instant from an adjoining room, and called to her brother, the Doctor,\\nwho had passed up stairs. It was the delay of hardly a minute, but no flow of\\nblood responded to the Doctor s lancet. He had died in his chair.\\nThe Indians were greatly attached to their Father, as they usually term\\ntheir Agent, and word of the General s sudden demise reaching the villages\\nopposite Ottumwa, numbers of them came immediately to the Agency.\\nWapello and his band, especially, were so demonstrative in their grief as to\\naugment the distress of Mrs. Street, and the writer s wife who had been some\\nweeks in attendance upon her father and younger members of the family to\\nthat extent that it became necessary to have the interpreter kindly explain it\\nto them, and beg them to give expression to their sorrow at some point more\\nremote from the house.\\nThe writer, who was then living in Dubuque, hastened to Washington as\\nsoon as the sad news reached him, the hope being to save the family their\\nhome, in which they were now comfortably established, and of which the suc-\\ncession of a stranger to the office would have deprived them. When he arrived\\nthere, by a then unusually ([uick journey of twelve days, he found his nomina-\\ntion already awaiting the action of the Senate, and, in a day or two more\\nobtaining his commission, he came direct to the Agency. At the time of his\\narrival, about June 1, 1840, the Agency, with its dependencies, was about\\nas follows: In the Agency House was Mrs. Street and the nine youngest of\\nher children, of whom William B. Street, of Oskaloosa, was the senior. Just\\nover the branch, in rear of the Agency, was Mr. Josiah Smart, the interpreter,\\none of God s noblemen, who combined in his character erery brave, honest and\\ngenerous sentiment that can adorn a man and within a few steps of his resi-\\ndence was that of the blacksmith, Charles H. Withington. There was also\\nHarvey Sturdevant, the gunsmith, but, being unmarried, he boarded with\\nWithington, until, a year or so later, he put himself up a cabin, where the\\nwriter now lives, August, 1874, and dug that famous old well. As distance\\n(from the rest of us) did not lend enchantment to the view of his bachelorhood,\\nhe soon switched on to the matrimonial track. Then there was the household\\nof the Pattern Farm, some half-dozen in number, except in extra times, such^\\nas harvesting. This was the actual Agency settlement. On the Des Moines,\\na mile or so below the County Farm, where the bluff approaches nearest to the\\nbank, was the trading-post of P. Chouteau, Sr., Co., but later more familiarly\\nknown as the Old Garrison. This was usually superintended by Capt. William\\nPhelps. And just above the mouth of Sugar Creek, on the creek bank, at the\\nold road crossing, lived the miller, Jeremiah Smith, Jr., with his family. This\\nembraced all the whites lawfully living in the country at the time.\\nThrough some unfortunate misunderstanding in regard to the boundary\\nline, several persons had intruded upon the Indian land upon the lowaville\\nbottom, and the ridges in the rear, as well as u})on the south side of the\\nriver, and as the Indians made complaint to the Government, it had no alterna-\\ntive but to remove them. This duty fell upon the writer to execute, and was a\\nvery unwelcome one, if only for the reason that several of the intruders were", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "360 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npersons who would not willingly have violated any law. Among them was that\\nfine old specimen of West Virginia hospitality, Van Caldwell but by reason\\nof his location, and his readiness by any reasonable arrangement to escape the\\nterrors of fire and sword, the writer obtained permission from the Department\\nthat he should remain, upon the condition of his maintaining a ferry for access\\nto Soap Creek Mills during high water.\\nAt the time of Gen. Street s decease, the Indians were occupying their\\ncountry with their permanent, or spring and summer villages, located as fol-\\nlows: Upon the bank of the Des Moines, opposite the mouth of Sugar Creek,\\nwhere there is quite a spacious bottom extending for a mile or more below,\\nwhere the blufi closes in pretty closely upon the bank, and for a much longer\\ndistance in the up-river direction toward and past Ottumwa, was the village of\\nKeokuk and, still above, were those of Wapello, Foxes, and Appanoose, a\\nSac chief. According to the writer s present memory, that of Wapello was the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2intermediate one. Keokuk himself, had selected a pleasant, commanding, and\\npicturesque point for his own summer wigwam, some half-way up the side of\\nthe bluff, in the rear of his village, where, with his own little field of corn and\\nbeans, despite the large field of Uncle Sam just beneath him, he enjoyed the\\notium cum dignitate of his authority and rank during the hot weather.\\nHis wigwam was a very conspicuous object to a traveler along the road\\nthat crests the bluff and winds down the long hill to Sugar Creek on this side.\\nFrom his elevated position, where, like another Robinson Crusoe in the boys\\nstory books, he could contemplate himself as monarch of all he surveyed, he\\nhad a fine view of the three villages spread beneath him, as well as of the\\nbluffs and bottoms for a considerable distance up and down the river on this\\nside. Several of the lodges in every town had their own small patches of cul-\\ntivated ground in the neighborhood of their villages but the hillside, now cov-\\nered by Ottumwa, seemed to offer them more attractive spots for this purpose,\\nprobably because the soil was more easily worked, and situated more favorably\\nfor the influence of the sun than upon their side of the river. A light, easily\\nturned soil was, of course, an object to the poor squaws, upon whom devolved\\nthe duty of working it with their hoes, and of inserting the rickety posts that,\\nwith light poles bound to them, made the fence, not exceeding four feet in\\nheight, but, in general, very respectfully treated by the ponies, the only animal\\nliable to intrude injuriously upon their fields.\\nThe whole hillside on its lower slope, for they seldom cultivated it more\\nthan half-way up, was occupied in this way by the Indians, from some distance\\nbelow the depot fully up to or above the Court House often the writer, on\\nthe receipt of some instructions requiring a talk with the leading men, in\\norder to save time, and to the Indians the trouble of a ride to Agency, has\\nappointed some shady spot in one of these patches.\\nThe Indians seldom occupied their permanent villages, except during the\\ntime of planting or securing their crop, after which they would start out on a\\nshort hunt, if the annuity which was generally paid within the six weeks\\nfrom the 1st of September had not yet been received. Immediately after\\npayment, it was their custom to leave the village for the winter, hunting\\nthrough this season by families and small parties, leading the regular nomad\\nlife, changing their location from time to time, as the supply of game and the\\nneed so essential to their comfort of seeking places near to timbered streams\\nbest protected from the rigors of weather, would require.\\nHardfish s band of Sacs was composed mainly of those who had been the\\nleading parties in the Black Hawk war, and who had been, by degrees, freeing", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 361\\nthemselves from the restraint imposed upon them by the treaty, demanding\\ntheir dispersion among the friendly villages. But as all unfriendly feeling had\\nnow eubsided, and they were now disposed to conduct themselves with the\\nutmost good-will in all their intercourse with the Government and as, more-\\nover, the Department, with a view to an early effort to acquire possession of\\ntheir remaining lands in Iowa, deemed it most conducive to success in that\\nobject to pursue toward them a policy apparently ol)livious of former strife, the\\nwriter was instructed, so long as there was no reason to apprehend unfriendly\\ndesigns, to ignore these requirements of the treaty, and to avoid all cause for\\nre-awakening former strife.\\nFor some years previously to the writer s appointment as Agent, Messrs.\\nP. Chouteau, Jr., Co., of St. Louis, had been the only traders among the\\nSacs and Foxes, and the magnitude of their interests were enough to excite any\\nrivalry. Col. George Davenport, of Rock Island, had been admitted as part-\\nner to their trade with that particular tribe, and he was looked to to reside\\namong them and to carry it on. S. S. Phelps, Esq., of Oquaka, in connection\\nwith his brother, Capt. William Phelps, of jovial memory, had been gaining a\\nfoot-hold on trade for two, three, and perhaps, four years before the treaties of\\n1836 and 1887, and after the removal of the Agency from the island, and its\\nconsequent effect of rendering a change in the location of the chief trading\\npost inevitable, Col. Davenport, who had already acquired a comfortable fort-\\nune, concluded to withdraw. Mr. S. S. Phelps fell into the position thus\\nmade vacant in the company, although he relied upon his brother to reside in\\nthe Indian country, and maintain personal oversight of the company s affairs.\\nA new trader now appeared in the field, with at least means enough to prevent\\nthe old company from being its monopolists. Of course rivalry of feeling and\\ninterest would now spring up, and every occasion be employed by each rival to\\ngain and secure what advantage he could. The writer is not intimating any\\nidea of his own that any unfair or dishonorable appliances would be used by\\nthe gentlemen heads respectively of the rival establishments but their employes\\nor others hoping advantage to themselves in the success of either party,\\nmight be less scrupulous.\\nIt was probably through some such strategy that Gov. Lucas became\\nimpressed with the most sincere conviction that the Chouteau Company sup-\\nplied whisky, with their other merchandise, to the Indians, and a conviction once\\nfixed with the Governor was pretty apt to stay. So persuaded was he of the\\ntruth of his belief, that he was never disposed to the least reticence upon the\\nsubject and it was generally believed in Burlington that if the Trading Com-\\npany could be caught, flagrante delicto, it would prove a pretty good haul for\\nthe catcher certainly not less than the transfer to his own pocket of the half\\nvalue of a large stock of goods.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2As the Avriter soon saw that any effort of his own, however reasonable, to\\nlead the Governor to a different opinion was opening the way to suspicions\\nagainst himself of some personal interest in the company s affairs, prudence\\nnaturally admonished him to desist One morning. Mr. S. S. Phelps, to whom\\nthe Governor s belief and propensity to express it was no secret, being in\\nBurlington, stepped into a place Avhere the Governor happened at the moment\\nto be engaged in his favorite pastime of denouncing Mr. Chouteau s establish-\\nment, etc., and the Governor, totally unacquainted with Mr. Phelps, still kept up\\nin his presence his conversation on the subject.\\nNow, if there was anything Capt. Billy Phelps loved better than another,\\nit was to play off a trick or if anything he knew better than another, it was", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "862 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nbow to plan and play it. The company had on its license a man named Simp-\\nson Vassal who was better known at the Agency and its various dependencies\\nunder the sobriquet of Suggs. When any deviltry lurked in Capt. Billy s\\nmind, Capt. Suggs was his most reliable assistant in getting rid of it. So a\\nscheme was planned. Suggs Avas sent over on pretext of some message to\\nPiielps, at Oquaka, with instructions not to leave Burlington until he had exe-\\ncuted his part of the programme.\\nA person, who was either the City Marshal, or attached to his official ret-\\ninue, soon heard of Suggs in Burlington, and became so ambitious of his\\nacquaintance as to introduce himself without delay. He learned from Suggs\\nthat the latter lived out in the Agency neighborhood that he knew the Trading\\nCompany, in fact, sometimes worked for them when an extra force was needed\\nclever people good paymasters, with the cash always in hand knew noth-\\ning of their dealing in whisky had never seen them supply it to the Indians\\nand, even if he had, as he had heard they Avere accused of it, a dollar, Avhen\\nneeded, Avas not so easily made out there that a man could aflFord to make ene-\\nmies out of good-paying employers After several intervicAVS, Suggs embarked\\nupon the ferry-boat. But his newly-made friend was not long in joining him,\\nand during the crossing Suggs yielded to the potent arguments and promises\\nthat had already shaken his sense of personal honor and interest. He\\nadmitted that he had seen a large lot of kegs, and these not empty, landed by\\nnight at the trading-house from a boat not long before, and immediately buried\\nupon the bank, where most of them were and if he could be guaranteed\\nagainst suspicion as the informer, and terms arranged to suit as he expected\\nto remain about the place some time after his return he Avould put his friend\\nupon the right track. The boat having landed them, and all details being\\nadjusted, each party Avent on his Avay rejoicing Suggs way being to Oquawka,\\nand at once back to the trading-house to report to Capt. Phelps.\\nNot many days later, an hour or so before dinner time. Col. Jesse Will-\\niams later of Henn, Williams Co., of Fairfield, but then Private Secretary\\nto Gov. Lucas rode up to the Agency. Being doubtless himself disposed (as\\nindeed the Agency hospitality Avould suggest) to consider that an expedition\\nAvhich would demand a three-mile ride and several hours of time, could be more\\nsatisfactorily completed as a post-prandial duty, he made no mention of his\\nbusiness. But as soon as the meal Avas over, he handed to the Agent a pack-\\nage from the Governor, containing a deposition in full form, taken before Judge\\nMason, of the Territorial Supreme Court, by Suggs Burlington friend, to the\\neffect that so many kegs of whisky, etc., etc., and Avere then secreted, etc.,\\netc., in violation of the statute, etc., by the said P. Chouteau Jr. s Company,\\ntraders, etc., as aforesaid. And there was also a line to the Agent, that, in the\\nexecution of so delicate a duty, which must involve judicial process, he had\\ndeemed it best to send out Col. Williams to assist the Agent. WhatcA- er the\\nmotive may have been, it is certain that until both Avere in their saddles, Col.\\nWilliams proved himself able to watch the Agent with untiring eye.\\nReaching the trading-house, the person Avho took the deposition and a\\ncompanion Avere found there Avaiting, they having forked off by another trail\\nso as not to be seen. Suggs was on hand, having taken the opportunity to post\\nthe Burlingtonians about the locality. And also Capt. Billy Phelps, called by\\nthe Indians Che-che-pe-qua, or the Winking Eyes, was there, those visuals\\nfairly gleaming with joy OA -er the anticipated fun.\\nThe Agent proceeded at once to business, expressing to Capt. Phelps his re-\\ngret that so unple-isant a duty should have devolved upon him his hope that it", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 363\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0would prove that so serious a complaint had originated in some error, but suggest-\\ning that, if true, admission of the fact and production of the contraband article\\nAvould be more apt to temper subsequent proceedings with leniency than efforts\\nto conceal it would do. The Captain vehemently denied the impeachment,\\nstating that it Avould require a much wiser man than himself to discover where\\nsuch an article then was, or ever had been kept upon their premises. The com-\\nplainant was now appealed to, who led the party a short distance to a spot where,\\nwith a triumphant air, he pointed to an Xthat the edge of Suggs boot sole had\\nmade in the sandy bank.\\nThey began digging, and soon reached some matting that was removed,\\nand thus uncovered a lot of lard kegs, too greasy to suggest a thought of any\\nother article being contained within them. The immediate sold, by thunder\\nof one of the moiety gentlemen, came in accents too lugubrious to be listened to with-\\nout exciting a sense of sadness. Suggs, meanwhile, had come up missing, and\\nthe Winking Eyes walked off with a most disdainful air, leaving the Agent and\\nhis party on the spot, whence they soon returned to the Agency, where the\\nAgent made his report that the informer had pointed out a place, where, by\\ndigging, a large quantity of lard in kegs was found that had been buried to\\navoid loss by heat, and in the night to conceal the fact from vagabond whites\\nand Indians, The disappointed informer and his companion hastened home-\\nward but Col. Williams remained until next morning, and then returned bear-\\ning the Agent s report.\\nBut the unkindest cut of all was six months later, when, about the last of\\nFebruary, Capt. Phelps addressed a letter to Gov. Lucas in the most respectful\\nand official form, saying, that having heard he had declared his determination\\nnot to continue in office under such an old Tory as Gen. Harrison, and fearful\\nthat whoever his successor would be, he might not feel so friendly toward the\\nCompany as he had proved in the matter of exhuming their lard, and as they\\nwould soon be much in need of some, and the ground was then very hard frozen,\\n.the company would be under great obligations if he would at once send some\\none out to dig up the rest of it.\\nThe village of Hardfish or Wishecomaque, as it is in the Indian tongue\\nwhich was quite as respectable in size as any of the old villages, was located\\nin what is now the heart of Eddyville, named for J. P. Eddy, a trader, who\\nwas licensed in the summer of 1840, by the writer, to establish his trading\\npost at that place. He continued to trade there until the treaty of final cession\\nin 1842, and was the most fortunate of any of the large traders in finding his\\nschedule of claims against the Indians ver} little reduced by the Commissioners,\\nwhose part it was, at that treaty, to adjust all outstanding claims against the\\nSacs and Foxes.\\nThe writer cannot locate the place exactly, according to our State maps,\\nalthough he has often visited it in Indian times but somewhere out north from\\nKirkville, and probably not over twelve miles distant, on the bank of Skunk\\nRiver, not far above the Forks of Skunk, was a small village of not over fif-\\nteen or twenty lodges, presided over by a man of considerable influence, though\\nhe was not a chief, named Kishkekosh. This village was on the direct trail\\nin fact it was the converging point of the two trails from the Hardfish village,\\nand the three villages across the river below Ottumwa, to the only other per-\\nmanent settlement of the tribes, which was the village of Poweshiek, a Fox\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00achief of equal rank with Wapello, situated on the bank of the Iowa River.\\nAbout the time that Eddy moved out his stock of goods from Burlington\\nto his licensed point at the Hardfish village, P. Chouteau, Jr., Company", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "364 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nalso obtained an addition to their license for a post at the same place, ami put\\nup a small establishment some fourth of a mile below Eddy, on the river-bank.\\nIn the same winter, of 1840-41, Messrs. W. G. G. W. Ewing, of Indiana, who\\nhad already acquired large wealth in the Indian trade, but never yet had dealt\\nwith the Sacs and Foxes, obtained a license and had their point assigned them\\njust at the mouth of Sugar Creek, on the Ottumwa side, where they soon- got\\nup a large establishment, filled with a full and valuable stock. This post was\\nstarted, and, for a year or so, conducted by a Mr. Hunt, a gentleman of far\\nmore education, refinement and culture than is often found among the resident.\\nIndian traders.\\nPrevious to the treaty of 1842, some few changes were made in their lo-\\ncation, both by the Indians and among the Avhites. The house at the Old\\nGarrison was broken up, and one established in its stead up in the Red Rock\\nregion, near the mouth of White Breast and Keokuk, also, moved his village\\ninto the same neighborhood. A second blacksmith was appointed, named\\nBaker, son-in-law of Col. Ingraham, one of the pioneers of Des Moines County,\\nand a person of considerable character and influence in his county. Baker died\\nat Fort Des Moines, still in the service of the Indians but when appointed, he\\nbuilt his residence some half a mile east of the Agency, not far from the claim\\ntaken by the late William Newell, father of L. F. Newell, by whom the prop-\\nerty was subsequently purchased and added to Lis farm.\\nThe Sacs and Foxes were quite friendly and manageable in fact, were\\nvery pleasant and agreeable people to live among, and all public and personal\\nintercourse with them rolled smoothly along the well-worn track, without much\\nof incident or marvel, until the final sale of their remaining Iowa domain.\\nSometimes, incidents would occur, possessing excitement or amusement enough\\nto encroach for a little upon the monotony that otherwise might have become\\ntedious, of which the writer will endeavor to recover the memory of one or two\\nthat may amuse the reader.\\nThe Sacs and Foxes, like all other Indians, were a very religious people,\\nin their way, always maintaining the observance of a good many rites, ceremo-\\nnies and feasts in their worship of the Kitche Mulito, or Great Spirit. Fasts\\ndid not seem to be prescribed in any of their missals, however, because, per-\\nhaps, forced ones, under a scarcity of game or other edibles, were not of impos-\\nsible occurrence among people whose creed plainly was to let to-morrow take\\ncare of the things of itself Some of these ceremonies bore such resemblance\\nto some of those laid down in the books of Moses as to have justified the im-\\npression among biblical students that the lost tribes of Israel might have found\\ntheir way to this continent.\\nThe writer Avas a witness, one delightful forenoon in May, 1841, of a\\nceremony that seemed full of mystery, even to those of the Indians who took\\nno part in celebrating it. A large lodge had been set up for the occasion on\\nthe level green, near Keokuk s village, and its sides left so entirely open that\\nvision of the proceedings conducted within was entirely free. Close around\\nwas a circle of guards or sentinels, evidently in the secret, as they were close\\nenough to hear, but at a distance far enough to prevent eavesdropping of the\\nlow tones used within the sacred precincts. Inside of tliese guards was another\\nand much larger circle of sentinels, who restrained all outsiders (of whom the\\nwriter had to content himself with being one) from crossing within their line. Keo-\\nkuk seemed to be the chief personage among the performers, and the performance\\nto be designed for the exclusive benefit of one old fellow of some importance in the\\ntribe, who was mainly distinguished from those about him by being clad in a", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 365\\nmuch scantier pattern of raiment. Sometimes they would place him on his\\nfeet, and sometimes on his seat, as they powwowed and gesticulated about him\\nFinally, while in a seder.tary position, with a large pile of blankets behind him,\\nKeokuk approached in front, pistol in hand, apparrently aimed at his fore-\\nhead.\\nThere was an explosion, quite audible to us outsiders, and a no small puff\\nof smoke, and the old savage went over on his back in quick time, where he\\nwas covered up and left among the blankets, while a good many long talks\\nwere held around and over him, until at length, Keokuk, taking his hand,\\nbrought him to the sitting posture, and soon after to his feet, apparently none\\nthe worse for having been used as a target. The outside multitude of Indians\\ngazed with marked awe throughout the entire performance, and maintained,\\nwithal, the deepest silence.\\nDuring the three years that the writer had charge of the Agency, before\\nits removal from this place, there were two, and he thinks even three, occasions\\non which he had to remove persons who had squatted for good on the Sac\\nand Fox lands. One of these has already been spoken of, the mishap having\\ngrown out of some erroneous belief about the boundary. Another originated in\\nsome,opinions of a former head of the St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs,\\ndrawn from him in correspondence and published in the papers. They were erro-\\nneous, and believed to have been in order to embarrass the then Government,\\nto which he was politically unfriendly. If correct, they would have opened to\\nsettlement a valuable tract of the Sac and Fox land bordering on Missouri, in-\\ncluding their Soap Creek Mill. Governor Chambers coinciding with the\\nAgent s opinion, which was immediately reported to him, as intruders had\\nbegun to move in, issued a proclamation warning all persons from crossing the\\nboundary line as then established and the affair, in due course, reaching the\\nhead of the Indian service, the Secretary of War, under the law of that time.\\nThat official, Hon. William L. Marcy, promptly sustained the subordinate pro-\\nceedings, and orders were issued to remove by military force all trespassers\\nwho, having received reasonable notice, had not retired by a specified day.\\nNotices were printed and distributed by a special messenger among the new\\ntrespassers, and, as some had failed to go, by the specified date, a company of\\nUnited States Cavalry was ordered to the Agency to enforce the laws and\\ntreaties. This duty seemed the more imperative, just at that time, as the De-\\npartment was intending to treat, in a few months, with the Sacs and Foxes for\\nthe purchase of that very land.\\nSuch military expeditions would, of course, abound with incidents, some-\\ntimes amusing, sometimes exciting, and sometimes disagreeable and embarrass-\\ning. We would generally find the men gone, leaving the premises in charge of\\nthe women and children, under the vain belief that they would, in some way,\\nget over the trouble. Excuses would be various, mostly of wagons broken in\\nthe very act of starting, or of oxen strayed and horses lost or stolen just a day\\nor so too soon sometimes of sickness, though we failed of observing signs of\\nit. On one occasion, a soldier overheard a Avell-grown ^irl tell a frightened\\njunior one not to cry for Pap was just away down the branch, and would\\ncome back as soon as the soldiers were gone. And, sure enough, when the\\nsmoke of the burning cabin curled above his hiding-place, convincing him that\\nhis plan had proved abortive, Pap came rushing around a point of the grove,\\napparently all out of breath, with a long story of his strayed horses that he\\nhad hunted till the last day, and then gone to some kindred six or seven\\nmiles off beyond the Iowa State line, who were then on the road with their", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwagons and that he having heard the bugle, had left them in order, by short\\ncuts across the timber and hollows, to get home in time to save his plunder.\\nWell, the Lieutenant told him, there it was all safe, the soldiers had set it out\\ncarefully without giving his family any trouble to help them and if only he\\nhad time, he Avould be glad to wait till his Missouri friends arrived, and help him\\nload up. The mansion being now burned beyond salvation, the bugle sounded\\nto mount, and the troop resumed its march.\\nThe next amusing incident was in our encounter, soon after the troop had\\nresumed its march, with an old fellow whom we met coming up the somewhat\\ndim road just along the edge of the timber, on this side of the river. The\\ntroop was of between thirty and forty men, with a Lieutenant, the Captain hav-\\ning stayed at the Agency with the rest of his company, to take care of his sup-\\nplies in camp. The Lieutenant and writer were comfortably walking their nags\\nalong the said road, the troops some distance in the rear, following the same\\neasy gait, with their two six- mule wagons behind, when we espied a wagon com-\\ning round a point of the road not far ahead of us. The team soon showed itself\\nto be a span of fat, sleek horses, and the entire outfit indicated that the old chap\\nin charge of it was not as hard up as his personal look would have led one to\\nbelieve. He was for giving us the entire right of way. but as we turned off to\\nface him, as if we intended to collide, bow on to him, he reigned up.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2According to his own story, he was out for just a pastime drive up the\\nridge, without much motive or object of any kind but he had a scythe to cut\\ngrass, a good lot of oats and shelled corn in sacks, an extra wagon sheet that\\nwould have improvised a comfortable tent in short order, a plentiful supply of\\ngrub for himself and a boy he had with him, thirteen or fourteen years old, and a\\nforty gallon empty barrel, all suggestive of a contemplated raid upon the bee-trees.\\nAfter some parley, the Lieutenant turned him over to the Sergeant, who had in\\nthe mean time come up with his men, who, in turn, placed him with a file of\\ntroopers, as a guard of honor, between the two baggage-wagons. The old\\nfellow soon got the hang of what was up from the soldiers, and, as misery loves\\ncompany, he shortly seemed to lose sight of his own disgust in contemplating\\nthat of the inmates of the two squatters cabins we had yet to visit. We soon\\nreached the nearest one and found it abandoned, though very recently, as all\\nsigns proved. Stopping long enough to burn the cabin, we then kept on our\\nway to the only remaining trespasser, who had put up his cabin in a grove on the\\nDes Moines River side of the ridge we had been all day descending. As we\\nturned off to cross the ridge, our former captive, whom we now released, seemed,\\nfor a while, as if disposed to relieve himself from the enjoyment of our society\\nas soon as possible. But, in a short time, he changed his mind, for long before\\nhe had traveled the half-mile across the ridge, we saw that he had also\\nturned off and was in pursuit of us. He reached the house almost as soon as\\ndid the troops, and in full time to say to the Lieutenant a,nd myself what could\\nnot have been less than an unpleasant feeling of personal sympathy for the fam-\\nily we were about to dislodge. As in several previous instances, the man had\\ngone off, leaving the woman to give reasons and offer excuses for his absence.\\nIt was very near night, and not less than five miles to the nearest house in the\\ndirection the woman wished to go she had several children, of whom not the\\nlargest, even, was yet of an age to be other than an incumbrance at such a time;\\nnor was there team, wagon or other means of transportation to be seen. While\\nshe was bitterly complaining of her cruel fate in thus being turned out of her\\nhouse to see it consumed, with herself, children and chattels all night under the\\nopen heavens, our lately-made acquaintance came to a halt among us, the ex-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 367\\npression of his features indicating a much more enjoyable expectation of wit-\\nnessing the scene ahead than was ever felt by any among us, whose duty it was\\nto bring it into action.\\nWe accordingly concluded to press him into the service, soothing, by that\\npx oposal, much of the distress of mater familias, who appeared to be a person\\nrather superior to the ordinary grade of squatters. The soldiers set about\\nremoving her property from the house, and loading into the old fellow s wagon\\n;8uch portions of it as she was least disposed to abandon for the night, and, com-\\nfortably stowing herself and children upon the load, we started him off as soon\\nas she was ready to leave, after having placed the rest of her effects in as secure\\na condition as we could. To guard against any possible treachery on the part\\nof the old bee-hunter, as well as in view of any break-down before he could\\nsti ike the smoother road, the Lieutenant took the precaution to detach a Cor-\\nporal with a half-dozen men, to act as escort over the three miles or so to the\\nIndian boundary, beyond which our jurisdiction ceased.\\nThe house, with its combustible appendages, having been set on fire, we\\ncontinued our march to a point a mile or two within the civilized part of Iowa\\nTerritory, where a well-fixed, thrifty settler supplied our commissariat, as well as\\nour forage department, with sundrj items that a three-days expedition through the\\nbrush had made acceptable, if not actually needful. Night had fairly set in. The\\nCorporal had rejoined the command, and reported the bee-hunter and his cargo to\\nbe making satisfactory and apparently friendly progress at the point he was ordered\\nto leave them7 Our camp-fires were soon blazing, and the tents pitched, and,\\nin a short time, a good supper increased the contentment which the Lieutenant\\nand Agent could not fail to enjoy over the final conclusion of a most unpleas-\\nant duty. An early reveille, and the next mid-day found us at the Agency.\\nAt the accession of Gen. Harrison to the Presidency, in March, 1840,\\nMr. John Chambers, ex-Congressman of Kentucky, was appointed to replace\\njrov. Lucas as Governor of our then Territory, which office included within its\\ncommission that of Superintendent over the Indians and their Agencies. For\\nseveral months previous, some feelings of antagonism had existed between the\\nold Black Hawk party, whose chief was Hardfish, and the other bands, which\\nwas excited mostly and kept up by the traders, influenced by their rival inter-\\nests, and the characteristic obstinacy of Gov. Lucas, who leaned to the Hardfish\\nband. Upon the arrival of Gov. Chambers at Burlington, it was, of course, an\\nobject with Keokuk to gain his favor, or at least to have him committed to a\\nstrictly impartial course; while the Hardfish effort would be to induce him to\\nfollow in the track of his predecessor. Keokuk at once requested the Agent to\\nobtain the Governor s consent for him and his chief men to visit him at Burling-\\nton. It was the wish, however, of the Indian Department to discountenance\\nand prevent such pilgrimages of the Indians through the settlements, and the\\nAgent promised Keokuk tiiat he would inform the new Governor of his desire,\\nand that, perhaps, he would prefer to make his acquaintance and receive his\\ncongratulations here at the Agency. The Hardfish band or rather their insti-\\ngators, Eddy and his satellites less patient, and ignoring their proper channel\\nof communication through the Agent with the Superintendency, hastened to\\nBurlington in a large body, and having encamped a short way from town, sent\\nin a written notice of their arrival and its purpose, with a request that the Gov-\\nernor would cause the needed supplies of food, etc., to be provided for them.\\nUnder the late Lucas regime, an order on Eddy s Burlington store would have\\nsoon satisfied this want. But Gov. Chambers sent them word that when he\\nsent for any of them to come and see him, he would, of course, be pi epared to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nhave tlioin fed that ho had no intention of converting his executive head-\\nquarters in lJurliugton into a council-ground for his red chihh-en, and that it\\nwas his purpose to visit them in their own country at a very early day. Hard-\\nfish came home with a hirge flea in his ear and the Agent received a commu-\\nnication from the Governor informing him of the facts, and instructing him to\\nuse all means in his power to prevent the intrusions of his charge upon the set-\\ntlements, and that he should visit the Agency in a. very short time, notice of\\nwhich should be seasonably served.\\nThe Governor at length set his time, the bands were all informed, the\\nGovernor arrived, and on the next day, at a specified hour, a grand council\\nwould be opened. Meanwhile, all the Indians, except the Iowa River Foxes,\\niiulisposed to- come so far, had been gathering, and were encamped about the\\nAgency, the Keokuk side covering the ground along the branch behind the\\nmills, which was then full of plum, hazel and crab-apple thickets while the\\nllardRslies were along the edge of the river timber south of the Agency, and\\nwhere the writer now lives (August, 1874), Long before the appointed hour,\\nthe Ilardfish party, ari ayed in full toggery, had all arrived, themselves and\\ntheir jjonios caparisoned in their richest styles of ornament; and, having gone\\nthrough the eiiuestrian performances usual on such occasions, had dismounted,\\nsecured their ponies, and, forming on foot, had marched into the Agency yard,\\nwhere the Governor was to receive them, and where was quite a gathering of\\nwhites, and Ilardfish with some of his leading men, having taken the Govern-\\nor s hand and said a few words of courtesy, had sat down upon the grass.\\nNow, it was a sacred duty with the Governor to cherish the memory of\\nhis dear and lately dead friend. Gen. Harrison. He had been .\\\\id-de-camp to\\nthe General in the war of 1S12, and rumor told that their mutual sentiments\\nwore more those ot father and son than of sim])le friends. Keokuk had been\\napprised of this, and, as it proved, knew how to make it tell. The appointed\\nhour had been a long time passed, but as yet he made no sign of putting in an\\nappearance, and at last the Governor began to grow impatient and to use some\\nexpressions ai)j)robatory of the Ilardfish ])romptitudtt.\\nAt length the first faint sounds of Keokuk s music came floating through the\\nthickets, which grew more audible as it neared, but never swelled up to the\\nfull tone of their more joyous notes; and as the front of their procession wound\\nslowly into view, their lances and staves, instead of being decked with gaudy\\nribbons and feathers to flutter in tlie breeze, were wrapped round with wilted\\ngr.iss. No sound of bells respouded to the tramp of their ponies and their\\nown persons, instead of being painted in vermilion and dressed in bright colors,\\nbore the usual funeral substitutes of clay and somber hues. In fact, all the\\nparaphernalia of woe betokened some sad affliction. The Agent, after a hur-\\nried word with the interpreter, told the Governor that this was a funeral\\nmarch, and that some one of their leading men must have died in the night,\\nand lay probably yet unburied in the camp. The Ilardfishes seemed as much\\nat a loss as anybody, wondering who could have died without their knowing it.\\nThe solemn dirge ceased, and dismounting, the several hundred savages,\\nforming on foot Avith Keokuk leading, marched into the yard and toward the\\nGovernor, who advanced a step or two to meet him, when Keokuk, ordering a\\nhalt, signed the interpreter and said Say to our new Father that before I take\\nhis hand I wall explain to him what all this means. We were told not long\\nago that our Great Father was dead. We have heard of him as a great war-\\nchief, who had passed much of his life among the red men and knew their\\nwants, and we believed we would always have friendship and justice at his", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 369\\nhands. Ilis death has made us very sad, and, as this is our first opportunity,\\nwe thought it would be wrong if we did not use it to show that the liearts of his\\nred chihh-en, as well as his white, know how to mourn over their great loss, and\\nwe have had to keep our Father waiting while we performed that part of our\\nmourning that we must always attend to before we leave our lodges with our\\ndead.\\nThen, amid the murmur of approbation from his people, he stepped forward\\nand extended his hand. The hearty grasp with which the Governor seized and\\nclung to it, showed he had touched the right spot, and the Hardfishes must be\\ncontent, thereafter, to take a back seat. When, years after, the writer was\\nenjoying a day of the Governor s hospitality at Maysvillc, Ky., and the incident\\ncoming up in conversation, the Governor was told that he must not credit\\nKeokuk with the paternity of the entire plot, but that his ingenuity was put\\ninto requisition only to manage the details, the kind old gentleman seemed\\ngreatly amused.\\nWapello s death.\\nAn editorial in the Ottumwa Courier of September 13, 1876, is here repro-\\nluced, because of its permanent value as an authentic sketch\\nThe name of our county Wapello should be pronounced as though\\nspelled Wapellaw. At any rate, that is the way the Chief Wapello pronouced\\nit, and he ought to have known.\\nThe old chief died at the forks of the Skunk River, March 15, 1842, and\\nhis remains were brought to the Indian Agency, near where Agency City is\\nnow located, in an ox-wagon, and buried toward evening of the same day, with\\nthe customary Indian ceremonies. At his own request, he was buried by the\\nside of Gen. Street, in the garden of the Agency. Gen. Street had been an\\nIndian Agent at Prairie du Chien and at Rock Island. He came to the\\nAgency of the Sacs and Foxes here in April, 1838, by assignment of the Com-\\nmissioner of Indian Affairs, Judge Crawford, and died May 5, 1840. Tie was\\nfor many years in the Indian service, and, although always a strong Whig, he\\nwas yet a man of such experience and sterling integrity that he remained in\\noffice to the day of his death, in spite of his politics and the changes in adminis-\\ntration. He was very popular with the Indians, and hence the desire of Wapello\\nto be laid by the side of his honest pale-faced friend, which wish was gratified.\\nGen. Street left numei ous children and grandchildren, none of whom reside\\nhere now.\\nKeokuk, Appanoose and nearly all of the leading men among the Indians,\\nwere present at Wapello s funeral. The dead chief was the successor of Black\\nHawk in rank. If Wapello s name is translated into English, we are unac-\\nquainted with the fact. He was chief of the Foxes as well as of the confeder-\\nated tribes of Sacs and Foxes, composed of the bands of Keokuk, Appanoose,\\nHardfish, Poweshiek and his own Poweshiek succeeded him as the senior\\nchief of the confederated tribes, while Poweshiek s tribe-leadership fell to Pashe-\\nshamore (Pa-she-sha-more), who, from all accounts, was a good sort of an\\nIndian. He went to the Indian Territory with the Sacs and Foxes, where the\\nremnants of this dejected race still subsist upon the bounty of the Govern-\\nment.\\nFIRST WHITK CHILD BORN IN THE COUNTY.\\nThe first white child born in the county was William Street Beach, son of\\nMajor John Beach, son-in-law and successor to Gen. Street. The child was\\nborn at Agency, August, 1841, and died September, 1859.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nTHE FIRST DEATH.\\nGen. Street s death, as heretofore mentioned, was the first event of that\\nkind that occurred among the whites at that Agency, and consequently his\\ndeath may be put down as the first one which occurred within the present\\nlimits of Wapello County. In July, 1841, Phelps trading-house at the Agency\\ntook fire in the night and a large quantity of powder was exploded, killing one\\nwhite man, whose name was not preserved. This was probably the second\\ndeath in the county. An Indian was killed by the explosion. The first white\\nwoman who died in the county was a relative, perhaps a sister, of Col. Cogs-\\nwell, at the Agency. The name and date of death are not preserved.\\nTHE FIRST MARRIAGE\\nwas between Harvey Sturdevant, a gunsmith of the post, and a widow, a rela-\\ntive of C. H. Withington, blacksmith of the post; but tradition does not trans-\\nmit her name. This matrimonial event occurred in 1841, and the happy couple\\nwere united by the chaplain of the post.\\nTHE FIRST GRIST-MILL\\nwas erected on Sugar Creek, just below where the Agency road now crosses it,\\nand about where Quince Wood s residence now stands. If was built in 1839, by\\nJeremiah Smith, millwright, under direction of Gen. Street, during a wet time,\\nwhen the creek was a large mill-stream, and on the assurance of the Indians\\nthat the stream was fifty miles long. About the time they got the mill ready\\nto run, the water gave out, whereupon Gen. Street and Jerry Smith, with an\\nexploring party, traced their water-power into the ground four miles distant I\\nThat was the first practical joke played on the whites, and it was, surely, a good\\none for poor Lo.\\nThe first regular merchant, disconnected from the Government, who did\\nbusiness in Wapello County, was Shaphat Dwire, who established himself at the\\nvillage of Agency City in 1843, about the time it was laid out. He came from\\nCanton, 111. He built, that year, a good one-story frame store, and for several\\nyears he was the leading merchant in the county. Dwire sold out to W. B.\\nand Alexander Street, about 1849, and returned to Illinois. He used to buy\\noats of the pioneers at 10 cents per bushel in exchange for calico at 25 cents\\nTHE FIRST POSTOFFICE\\nin Agency was kept at his store, and Dwire was Postmaster, at the munificent\\nincome of ^12 per year. Letter postage was then 25 cents per letter.\\nDwire subsequently became involved in business matters and committed suicide\\nat the Virginia Hotel, St. Louis, in 1860.\\n[Tlie first post office is claimed for Ottumwa, and we have modified the\\nabove statement accordingly. Editor].\\nIOWA AS IT WAS.\\nDr. William R. Ross, an old and highly esteemed pioneer of the State, who\\ncame to this section when the country was without political division into even a\\nTerritory, furnished the following valuable papers to the Albia Union in 1869-\\n70. The information contained in his letters is unquestionably reliable.\\nIt may not be uninteresting, observes the Doctor, to give some of the\\nnames of those who first explored Southern Iowa, in 1832, prior to making\\na permanent settlement in 1833. First, among others, were Maj. Joseph B. Teas", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 371\\nand Joseph Morgan, afterward citizens of Albia; Col. William Morgan, William\\nStewart, John Ward, Isaac Canterberg, Lewis Watters, Isaac Cranshaw, Ben-\\njamin Tucker, Ezekiel Smith and sons Paris and Lineas, John Bullard,\\nRichard Sand, Thomas Dovrell, David Tethro, S. S. White, M. M. McCar-\\nver, Berryman Jenkins, William Wright, John Harris and Charles Teas, with\\nothers that were in Iowa when I came in July, 1833. Mrs. Sarah Hilleary,\\nwife of Alexander Hilleary, near Burlington, came with her father. Col. Will-\\niam Morgan, in February, 1832, to do the domestic work while her father was\\nimproving his claim and building a house, preparatory to moving his family,\\nand was one of the families driven on the big island just below Burlington, by\\nsoldiers from Rock Island, as the Indian title had not yet been extinguished.\\nThe title remained in the Indians until June, 1833. At this time, Richard\\nChaney resided at Fort Madison, and Dr. Garland and Mr. Campbell and perhaps\\na few other on the half-breed tract. After June 1, 1833, the country was settled\\nvery rapidly, as every one then had the liberty of taking to themselves a claim of\\nhalf a section of land, one-quarter of timber and one of prairie, and the right\\nto purchase as many claims as he had the money for. This rule occasioned\\nmuch disturbance by new immigrants coming into the country and finding one\\nman holding more than one claim. It drove them back into the new region\\nagainst their will. In the winter of 1833-84, we were attached to Michigan\\nTerritory for judicial purposes, and the laws, with instructions, were sent me\\nby the Legislature of Michigan to organize Des Moines County, by appointing\\nspecial elections to be held to elect officers to discharge the duties of an organized\\ncounty. Col. William Morgan was elected Superior Judge, and Henry Walker\\nand Young L. Hughes, Assistants, of Circuit Court, which was the highest\\ncourt we had in Iowa at that time. Col. W. H. Chapman was Prosecuting\\nAttorney; W. R. Ross, Clerk; Solomon Perkins, Sheriff; John Barker, Justice\\nof the Peace W. R. Ross, Treasurer and Recorder, and, at the time. Acting\\nPostmaster in the only postoffice in the Territory. He was the only practicing\\nphysician in that part of the Territory, meanwhile carrying on a dry goods and\\ndrug store. In addition to this, Mr. Ross inclosed, in 1834, one hundred and\\nsixty acres of prairie land with a stake and rider fence, grew eighty acres of corn\\non another claim, and improved still another forty acres back of Burlington.\\nHe also improved some twenty acres, and erected buildings for a private residence.\\nThere was a settlement from near the mouth of Long Creek, northeast\\nof Augusta, made by six or seven families from Indiana, in July, 1833, eight\\nmiles west of Burlington.\\nIn regard to public improvements, in the fall of 1833, Mr. Ross built the\\nfirst school house, on his claim just back of the public square, at his own\\nexpense, and in the spring of 1834, Z. C. Ingraham was employed to teach.\\nMr. Ross boarded him free of cost. This was the first English school taught\\nin Iowa. In 1834, Mr. Ross organized the first Sunday school in Iowa, fur-\\nnishing a library from Cincinnati, at a cost of $12.50, and taught the school\\nhimself. As the population increased, a new library was needed the old one\\nwas donated to Mount Pleasant, where a school had been organized, and a new\\nlot of books, costing $25, was put in. Of those denominations who joined in\\nthe work of maintaining the school, Mr. Ross remembers Mr. and Mrs J.\\nEdwards, W. H. Starr (then a lawyer), of the Congregational faith George\\nPartridge (who became a wholesale merchant of St. Louis), of the Unitarian\\nfaith David Rover, of the Presbyterian faith John B. Gray, of the Baptist\\nfaith. Mr. Newhall and Dr. John Campbell are warmly spoken of in this con-\\nnection, also.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "372 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe day school was taught by Mrs. Shelton and Mrs. Mayfield; and after\\nthe old Zion Methodist Episcopal Church was built, Rev. E. M. Scott, the\\ntallest man in the neighborhood, Ijved in the basement of the church and taught\\nschool therein. Afterward, a man named Townsend taught.\\nDr. Crawford, from Brooke County, Va., settled in Burlington in 1833.\\nHe practiced during the winter, and then moved to Texas. In the spring of\\n1834, Drs. Shuff of Kentucky, and Center, of Indiana, located in Burlington,\\nand formed a partnership. Center died within the year, and iShuff returned to\\nKentucky. Dr. Teas practiced in 1835. Dr. W. D. Hickock, of New York,\\nlocated there in 1835, and remained until his death. Dr. S. S. Ransom, of\\nVermont, settled there about the same date. Dr. E. Lowe, of Indiana, came\\nin 1836. He afterward removed to Omaha.\\nThe first court ever held in Southern Iowa, convened at the house of Mr.\\nRoss, on the block immediately east of the public square, in the spring of 1835.\\nJudges presiding: William Morgan, Henry Walker and Young R. Hughes.\\nResident lawyers: W. W. Chapman, Robert Williams, Isaac Leffler, Joseph\\nB. Teas. Visiting lawyers: Mr. Little, of Carthage, Illinois, and James W.\\nWoods, usually called Old Timber. Mr. Ross owned the only law library\\nthen in Burlington, and that was a small one. In the spring of 1836, David\\nRover began the practice of law; in 1836-7, M. D. Browning and J. W.\\nGrimes, also. In 1836-7, Joseph B. Teas and Jeremiah Smith, Jr., repre-\\nsented Des Moines at the Legislature which organized the Territory of Iowa.\\nIn the spring of 1838, Charles Mason moved to Burlington and began the\\npractice of law. There was an exodus of lawyers from that place about then.\\nJ. C. Hall, William Thompson, J. B. and G. W. Teas and Van Allen located\\nat Mt. Pleasant Thomas and Springer, at Wapello, Louisa County Daniel\\nMiller and Rich at Ft. Madison.\\nIn 1837-8, the Territory was established, and Burlington made the\\ncapital. The first session was held in the old Zion Church.\\nIn March, 1834, Barton H. Cartright preached in Burlington. Asa\\nMcMurtry preached for two Aveeks, shortly after. W. D. R. Trotter followed.\\nIn May, 1834, Peter Cartright held two days camp-meeting near the public\\nsquare. In the winter of 1834-5, Seamen B. Stateter, of the Missouri Con-\\nference, formed the Burlington Circuit, and appointed John H. Ruble, preacher\\nin charge. This circuit included all the territory south of Rock Island to the\\nsouthern boundary, and west to the Missouri River. In 1835-6, Andrew\\nMonroe held quarterly meeting. In May, Mr. Ruble died, and Peter Brown,\\nof Quincy, 111., preached his funeral sermon. Wilson Pitner supplied the\\nplace for a short time. Nicholas S. Barton next preached, and in 1837, Moses\\nMcMurtry had charge. In 1839, Asa West followed, and in 1840, J. Arving-\\nton, as preachers on the circuit. Isaac S. Stewart was located preacher in\\ncharge of the Burlington Church.\\nIn 1838, Gen. Joseph Street was transferred from the Agency of the Win-\\nnebagoes at Prairie du Chien, Wis., to Iowa, for the purpose of establishing a\\nmilitary outpost for the protection of the general interests of the Government.\\nHe made a barrack at Agency City, in Wapello County, and may be esteemed\\nthe first white man to open the onward march of the pale-faces toward Monroe\\nCounty.\\nIn a dense wilderness he built up for himself a home of as comfortable a\\ncharacter as the times and circumstances would permit. He improved a farm\\nand availed himself of such opportunities as lay within his reach. Joseph\\nSmart, the interpreter, and a man named Baker, who was a blacksmith by", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 373\\ntrade, were the only white persons, beside the garrison, in the settlement. A\\ntrading-post was soon established by Messrs. Ewings Phelps, near the\\nAgency.\\nIn 1841, J. P. Eddy, from St. Louis, opened a trading-post where Eddy-\\nville now stands, near the northeast corner of Monroe County. He at once\\nsecured the friendship of the Indians.\\nWabekeishiek, the prophet of the Sacs and Foxes, built his village on the\\nright bank of the Des Moines, a mile above Eddy s post. The Indians gi ew\\ncorrupt after tliie passage by Congress of the bill granting annuities, growing\\nout of the Black Hawk treaty of peace. They would not hunt or fish, and\\nsubsisted on their grants from the Great Father. The Indians became so\\ndemoralized by the freedom fi-om labor thus secured that the mortality of the\\ntribe was greatly increased. The prophet told them that the cause of all their\\nwoes arose from the relinquishment of their lands to the Grovernment. There\\nis something sad in the spectacle of a once powerful race of men thus driven to\\nthe extremity of extinction. In 1845, the Indians were removed entirely from\\nthe State to reservations in Kansas.\\nJohn Goodell, the interpreter of Hardfish s band, was the next to move\\ntoward Monroe County. He improved a farm not far from the line between\\nWapello and Monroe, known as the Ogden place, located some four miles below\\nEddy s post.\\nIn 1843, says Dr. Ross, I visited the country as far up as where Eddy-\\nville now stands, at that time an Indian village called Hardfisher. J. P. Eddy\\nwas located there as a trader with the Indians. I found a few old friends, who\\nhad made claims on both sides of the river; among them, John B. Gray,\\nwho had located about three miles west, on Gray s Creek, in Kishkekosh\\nCounty.\\nTHE FIRST SETTLERS.\\nThe early history of Wapello differs from nearly all other counties in this\\nState in one important feature, which is this It had no first settler. This ap-\\nparent anachronism is accounted for by the fact that scores of pioneers were\\nimpatiently awaiting the arrival of the day when they could legally lay claim\\nto the lands beyond the Indian boundary line.\\nIt is often said by orators who expatiate upon the marvelous progress of this\\nnation, that the United States sprang into being in a day, like Minerva from\\nthe head of Jove, powerful, matured, commanding. This figure of speech, which\\nthe license of the rostrum permits, finds nearly a literal fulfillment in the crea-\\ntion of Wapello County.\\nBy the terms of the Indian treaty of 1842, the territory now embraced in\\nthe limits of Wapello County was ceded to the United States. It was not\\nopened to claimants at once, however, but was reserved against settlers until the\\n1st day of May, 1843. Long before the dawn of that morning, hundreds of\\nanxious families had congregated upon the line of the imaginary boundary, and\\nwere preparing to rush, American fashion, at the stroke of the bell, upon the new\\npossessions. It would be taxing the credulity of our readers to assert that no\\nviolations of the spirit of the law were made by these pioneers, and, in fact, the\\nnecessity of maintaining troops of dragoons on the border clearly shows that the\\nparent Government did not believe that the conditions of the treaty would be\\nvoluntarily observed. A considerable military force was stationed for weeks\\nupon the border, solely for the purpose of preventing the too rapid advancement\\nof the whites. In spite of this police regulation, it is known that many settlers\\nsurreptitiously surveyed the promised land, and even penetrated westward as far", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "374 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nas what is now Monroe County. The existence of a trading-post at Eddyville\\nserved as a pretext for a preliminary movement, and the first permanent settler\\nof Monroe, John B. Gray, who was afterward a Commissioner of this county\\nwhile Monroe (or Kishkekosh, as it was then called) was attached to Wapello,^\\nmade a selection in that county as early as September, 1842. The great mass,\\nhowever, did not succeed in gaining even transient access to the region beyond\\nthe line, and if any man did really drive a secret claim-stake in Wapello soil,\\nhis name is unknown.\\nThe night of April 30, 1843, was illumed with camp-fires along the bound-\\nary, and sleep forsook the eyelids of the progressive hosts. When the midnight\\nhour arrived and the morning of May 1st was ushered in, the groves and hills\\nrang with shouts and the sharp reports of fire-arms. A mighty army of fully\\ntwo thousand persons pressed onward along the entire line. Of this number,\\nWapello received her full share, but it is past finding out who came and who\\nactually composed the pioneer throng.\\nMany persons were doubtless drawn into the movement through the sense of\\nconquest or invasion which the act implied. The love of adventure is strong in\\nthe hearts of Americans, and controlled a large proportion of the band, no\\ndoubt, but did not tend to permanently benefit the country. Others came with\\nhonest intent to remain and improve the claims thus taken up without money or\\nhindrance. So excited was the crowd that those who came did not realize who\\nwere their companions, and never knew whether they were first or last in the\\ndisordered scramble for place.\\nIt must be remembered that the people did not come in solid phalanx, but\\nwere scattered over a wide area. Thus it will be seen that those who entered,\\nfor instance, near the southern line of the county had no way of determining\\nwho had chosen the northern part. It may be true that some had secreted them-\\nselves during the hours preceding midnight, on the lands they desired to claim,\\nand were prepared to drive the claimant s stake at the earliest flush of the 1st.\\nUnder such circumstances it would be unfair to record the name of any in-\\ndividual as the first man to settle in the county. The temptation to perpetrate\\na Hibernianism is too strong to be resisted, and we settle the vexed question of\\npriority by declaring that the first man to settle in Wapello County was a crowd\\nof people.\\nA PIONEER MINISTER S IMPRESSIONS.\\nEarly in the spring and summer of 1844, Rev. B. A. Spalding began a cor-\\nrespondence from Agency City with the Home Missionary Society, under whose\\ndirection he was located there, and, owing to his faculty for intelligent obser-\\nvation, his communications are of value, as showing the material and moral con-\\ndition of the country at that period, from a Christian stand-point. He says\\nWe went to the Indian Agency in Wapello County, on the New Purchase. On our way to\\nthat place, we passed through a part of the country which had been settled but two or three months.\\nIt was literally a new country. Many of the settlers had not struck a furrow or erected a fence.\\nAll that reminded us that we were in a settled country, was the occasional sight of an uncom-\\npleted cabin, in which we found families staying rather than living. They were not only desti-\\ntute of conveniences, but were so open that the family could be seen about as well trom the out-\\nside as by going into the door, or rather the hole that was left for a door. How those families\\nwere to be kept comfortable, and how they were to be supplied with provisions during the in-\\nclement season, were questions that often occurred to us. We found but few inhabitants at the-\\nAgency. A few were anxious to have the Gospel preached to them at that place, and expressed\\na strong desire to have one of our number settle amongst them. It will probably be a thickly\\nsettled place within a few years. A town has been laid out near the Agency liouse, and such is the\\ncharacter of the land and the facilities for procuring timber, that settlers will soon be induced to\\ncome in. A good, faithful, persevering minister might, in the course of a few years, build up a\\nflourishing church there. We visited the grave of Gen. Street, the late Isdian Agent, and", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 375\\nalso the grave of Wapello, an Indian chief, which are side by side. The tribe of which Wapello\\nwas chief was devotedly attached to Gen. Street and his family, and, as an expression of their\\nfriendship, they presented him with a section of land containing 640 acres, which is now in the\\npossession of his widow.\\nA few weeks since, I visited Raccoon River Agency, nearly one hundred miles from this\\nplace, and thirty or forty miles from the line which divides this from the country at present occu-\\npied by the Indians. Connected with the Agency is the Indian Agent, the interpreter, two gun-\\nsmiths, two blacksmiths, with their families and servants\\nNearly a mile from this, on the point between the Raccoon and Des Moines, is a garrison,\\nconsisting of about one hundred soldiers and five commissioned oflBcers. Along the banks of the\\nDes Moines, between it and the Agency, are several farms and trading-posts, so that the whole\\npopulation in the settlement is not far from two hundred. On the Sabbath, I preached to as\\nmany of these as could be crowded in the single room officers, soldiers, merchants, mechanics,\\nfarmers, gentlemen, ladies, children and servants, both black and white. There has been a good\\ndeal of sickness in the settlement during the summer, and, more recently, a few deaths and\\nthere was considerable seriousness prevailing in some families. I should visit this place fre-\\nquently if other engagements would permit. It has been visited, in one or two instances, by a\\nMethodist preacher.\\nOn the Des Moines, in sight of the Agency, is a village containing two or three hundred\\nIndians. The huge bark buildings present a fine appearance in the distance, at twilight\\nbut on nearer approach, by day, they seem rather the haunts of beasts than the abodes of\\nmen. Not a tree nor a shrub, a garden nor a well, nor the slightest mark of beauty or of com-\\nfort, was anywhere to be seen even the wild grass had been beaten by the continual tramping,\\ntill not a blade nor a root was left; and, as the savages were away on a hunting expedition, the\\nstillness of death reigned over their desolate homes. There are several other villages on this and\\nthe neighboring rivers, containing in all about two thousand two hundred persons all that is left\\nof the Sacs and Foxes, those warlike tribes who filled the whole frontier with terror during the\\nBlack Hawk war. These are to be removed, in less than a year, to a region beyond the Missouri\\nRiver. If, by this removal, they were placed forever beyond the reach of whisky smugglers\\nand other vicious white men, it would be a blessing to them instead of a curse.\\nMr. Spaulding then gives a sketch of Oskaloosa, as a part of his missionary\\njurisdiction:\\nThis divide is a long, narrow prairie, extending from the Mississippi in a northwesterly\\ndirection between the two rivers, skirted on both sides by broken country from two to four miles\\nwide, generally covered with timber. The town is nearly one hundred miles from the Mississippi,\\nand about six from the Des Moines. It has grown up since the spring opened, and chiefly during\\nthe summer and fall. A year ago I passed over its site the fire had been before me, consuming\\nevery appearance of vegetation except a few scattering stalks, leaving a vast black surface. It\\nseemed the most bleak and dreary place I ever saw the very picture of desolation. But its riches\\nwere hid in the soil, and in its forests and rivers. Now, the same spot presents a cluster of\\nnewly-made buildings to a view of eight or ten miles distant on the opposite sides. It contains a\\npopulation of not less than fifty, perhaps one hundred or more, for it increases so fast as to be scarcely\\ntwo days alike, and is constant hardly long enough to be counted. There are already four\\nstores (and a grocery) embracing a respectable amount of capital aifording a large assortment\\nof such goods as are usually sold in the Western country, and offering great bargains.\\nEach of these will, of course, sell as cheap as the other, and all cheaper than the cheapest.\\nThere are mechanics of various trades, and gentlemen of different professions, especially the\\nlaw. Two saw-mills on different streams, on opposite sides of the town, each about five miles\\ndistant, have been in operation for some months one for more than a year, and it is expected\\nthat a rtouring-mill will start soon.\\nAgain, speaking of Agency City, he says\\nOn tlfe 27th of October, a Congregational Church was formed in this town, consisting of six\\nmembers, three males and three females. There were, however, seven other candidates for\\nadmission, who were unable to be present. Meetings held on Friday and Saturday nights and\\non Sunday during the day and at night were large and interesting. On the next Sabbath, a\\nMethodist class was formed, consisting of six. Still a week later, a Cumberland Presbyterian\\nChurch was formed, embracing about twenty. A County Bible Society has been formed in this\\nplace, and also at Ottumwa, the county seat of Wapello. In each county about eight dollars were\\nraised for the Bible cause, besides several subscriptions not yet paid, although all the eflFort in\\nboth counties was made by the agent in a few days.\\nUnder date of October, 1844, Mr. Spaulding writes\\nThere has been a good degree of religious feeling in the circle in which I have labored, with\\nsome interesting cases of revival in individual hearts, both of professors and non-professors. A\\nsmall Congregational Church has been formed in this place (Agency City), and the prospect is", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "376 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nthat it will be considerably increased within a few weeks, chiefly, however, by those who are\\nalready professors of religion. There has also been considerable interest among the Methodists\\nand Baptists, and several additions to their churches. There is also a Sabbath school connected\\nwith the Methodist Church in the southern part of the county. What number of scholars it\\ncontains, 1 do not know. Prayer meetings have been held occasionally in various places. The\\npopulation, however, is so scattered that it is much more difficult to sustain a prayer meeting\\nhere than in the East, though I cannot say with certainty that the moral or spiritual difficulty,\\njudging from the very small number that I have sometimes seen assembled in populous villages,\\nis any greater. Books and tracts received from the Tract Society and various Sabbath schools\\nand benevolent societies in Alassachusetts, through the Mass. S. S. Society, have afforded inval-\\nuable aid in promoting the great objects which your instructions have urged upon my attention.\\nIn February of 1845, he writes again, giving a lengthy account of his\\nlabors up to that time, including a visit to Eddj^ville, Oskaloosa and Raccoon\\nForks.\\nA year since my arrival in this place, and the first one of my labors in the ministry was com-\\npleted on the 10th of November. It has been the most interesting year of my life. I have preached\\nin about thirty different places, from one to one hundred and fifty miles from each other. Six of\\nthese were under the charge of some of my brethren, one in the Indian country, and the remainder\\nin the limits assigned to my care. At some of these places I have preached but once, at some\\ntwice, at others none, and at some eight or ten times each. At some of them, there has been\\nno other preaching; at some, the Methodists have preached regularly; the Baptists occasionally,\\nand a few have been visited by Cumberland Presbyterians, United Brethren, and various others.\\nWithin these limits, two Congregational Churches have been formed (neither of which, I am\\nsorry to say, was in a vicinity of less than fifteen miles, and one scarcely less than fifty, of a\\nPresbyterian Church of any school or order whatever). I have traveled, according to an average\\naccount, about fifty miles each week, or about two thousand five hundred miles during the year,\\nchiefly on horseback. I have been in journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils in the\\nwilderness, in weariness and painfulness, in hunger and thirst, and in cold. But in all this I\\njoy and rejoice and give glory.\\nMr. Spaulding gives an interesting account of the condition of the New\\nPurchase, and of the whole region from Sac and Fox Agency to the Raccoon\\nForks. He says\\nBut if there is want of encouragement in particular cases, the general aspect of things is\\nrather cheering. The attendance oh our meetings has been constantly increasing, both in num-\\nbers and uniformity. Congregations are attentive and seem serious. Our little Church, consist-\\ning of but six members, enjoyed its first communion season September 15. Several sermons\\nwere preached on Saturday and on the Sabbath. Brother Reed, of Fairfield, and Rev. Mr.\\nDashiel, formerly an Episcopal Rector in Baltimore, were present. For the first time, our meet-\\ning house was crowded to overflowing with a deeply interested audience. Some were present\\nwho had not been with us before; others for the first time seemed to listen in earnest. It was\\ndecidedly the most interesting meeting that I have seen in the New Purchase, and, although I\\ndo not know that a single conversion has been the result, I have reason to hope that impressions\\nwere made which will not soon be effaced. It may be interesting to know that this meeting was\\nheld in the Old Council House, a building erected for the special purpose of accommodating\\nthe Indians when assembled in their negotiations with the authorities of the United States.\\nHere, less than two years ago, savages were sitting or lying upon the floor, smoking their pipes\\nand singing their songs but now a congregation of Christians are celebrating the dying love\\nof their Lord and Master.\\nBut the heathen, where are they? Dwindling away before the light of civilization as dark-\\nness flies before the rising sun, till soon echo only shall answer, where are they What Christian\\ncan fail, sometimes, to weep at the mercenary cruelty of the conquered? Preying upon the\\nproperty of others, which has been purchased at a value merely nominal, lets loose the lawless\\nrapacity of avarice, till it soon learns to bid defiance to restraint from any quarter, and can only\\nbe checked by Him who turns the hearts of men as the rivers of water are turned. It is this\\nwhich countenances, or at least overlooks, profligacy of every kind, and opposes the most formid-\\nable obstacle to any improvement in piety or morals. Still, there is that in the human con-\\nscience which must respect the claims of the divine law or the eternal principles of truth and\\njustice. Hence the humblest individual who advocates those principles always secures a degree\\nof respect, and, if faithful, a powerful influence. A professor of religion in a place where I\\nhad preached but a few times told me that he could see a marked difference in the whole com-\\nmunity from the time that my appointments commenced, and urged me to continue them and\\nmake them as frequent as possible. He was anxious to have a religious meeting of some kind\\nin town every Sabbath, for the bare fact that if there was such a meeting it would operate as a\\ncheck upon those who did not attend and took no interest in it.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 377\\nJUDGE HENDERSHOTT S ADDRESS.\\n[In 1874, Hon. H. B. Hendershott was invited to prepare and read an his-\\ntorical sketch of Wapello County, by the Old Settlers Association a society\\nwhich was organized, the Judge informs us, in 1873. The Association no\\nlonger maintains regular meetings, but its work was a most satisfactory one,\\nsince it embraced the production of a paper which, for comprehensiveness, ac-\\ncuracy and general interest, is the most complete address of the kind we have\\nbeen fortunate enough to obtain in any county. We herewith reproduce the\\naddress entire. Editor.]\\nOne who settled m Wapello County at a very early day would be cold-\\nhearted indeed not to be rejoiced to meet here and to get a genial shake of the\\nhand and a warm How do you do from the many noble-hearted, cordial\\nfriends of the olden times. The only thought which impairs the joy of this\\noccasion with me is a consciousness on my part that I shall be unable to say\\nwhat ought to be said on this happy day and on this joyous occasion to re-\\ncount the many and interesting events of thirty years ago.\\nAnd yet, when I call to mind the fact that, on all former occasions, when\\nI have been called upon to discharge any duty among you, your sympathy and\\nforgiveness have overlooked those things in which I have fallen short of your\\nexpectations, I know you will overlook any want of fitness in what I may\\nsay, as w^ell as forgive me for leaving unsaid some things that ought to be said.\\nRelying upon that same generous confidence on your part that has gladdened\\nmy heart in the past, I will at once proceed to the duty assigned me.\\nAn address to an Old Settlers Association, of course, must needs be\\nhistoric. The mind must go back to the beginning, and hunt out and dig up\\nthe neglected, not to say forgotten, facts of the past. It shall be my purpose,\\nold settlers and new, as far as I have the ability to do so, to take you back to\\nthe time when the country was first settled, and to enable you to realize the\\ncircumstances by which the early settlers of the county were surrounded the\\ntrials through which we passed, on the one hand, and the pleasures which ac-\\ncompanied us on the other.\\nBut, first of all, perhaps I should speak of the country itself, giving a\\nvery brief history of it. In 1803, the country covered by Iowa was ceded to\\nthe United States by France, and was then called Louisiana. In a year or two\\nafterward I think in 1804 this territory was divided into the governments\\nof Orleans and Louisiana. In 1812, Louisiana was admitted as one of the\\nStates of the Union, and the country north of it was then called Missouri\\nTerritory. From 1812 to 1834, that region of country now embraced in Iowa\\nwas a part of the Missouri Territory. In this year (1834), Iowa was placed\\nunder the jurisdiction of Michigan, and was known as a part of Michigan Ter-\\nritory. In 1837, Michigan was admitted into the Union. This led to the\\nthe organization of a new Territory Wisconsin. Iowa was then a part of\\nWisconsin.\\nIn 1833, a treaty was made with the Sac and Fox tribes of Indians, by\\nthe terms of which the country lying west of the Mississippi River, and east of\\nthe west line of Jefferson County, was ceded to the United States for it must\\nbe borne in mind that, up to 1833, Iowa was Indian country. On the 11th of\\nOctober, 1842, a second treaty was made with the same tribes, by which the\\nbalance of Iowa was ceded. Under this latter treaty, the whites were not per-\\nmitted to settle within what are now the boundaries of Wapello Countv until the\\n1st day of May, 1843.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "378 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nBefore night of this day, there were not less than two thousand persons\\nactually inhabiting the county. The most of these had been squatted along\\nthe line of the county, in Jefferson County, preparatory to passing into Wapello\\nas soon as midnight arrived.\\nThe greater part of these early settlers were engaged the last half of the\\nnight of the 30th of April and the 1st of May, 1843, in marking out their\\nclaims. This was done by setting stakes in the prairie and blazing trees in the\\ntimber. These claims embraced from eighty to three hundred and twenty acres.\\nAs might be expected, the work of locating and defining these claims,\\nmuch of it being done in the night, was very inartistically done. Many of the\\nboundary lines were crooked, disjointed, and encroached the one upon the\\nother. This inevitably led to many disturbances called Claim Difficulties.\\nIt must be quite apparent that these difficulties must find some peaceable means\\nof adjustment. To meet this necessity the earlier inhabitants organized what\\nwere called Claim Committees. A claim, when bona fide made and held, was\\nas sacredly protected as are homes and lands of the present inhabitants. The\\njudjrraent of these crudely organized though necessary tribunals were enforced\\nby summary process. This process was generally a plain, written statement of\\nthe opinion of the Claim Committee, setting forth the right of the injured\\nparty and the wrong complained of, and an order tj the wrong-doer to abide by\\nand submit to the judgment of the Court, in default of which, the power of the\\ncounty was invoked to carry out and enforce, on the spot, the judgment. From\\nthe judgment of these Claim Committees there was no appeal or stay of exe-\\ncution. It was well understood that when the Committee reported, it meant\\nbusiness, and generally, like Scott s coon, the erring brother came down. Oc-\\ncasionally, however, these judgments were met by insubordination, and where\\nthis did occur, it resulted in a war on the spot, without any formal decla-\\nration.\\nAs an example of one of these wars I may give an account of the Dah-\\nlonega war. This war was brought on in this way James Woody, who came\\nfrom near Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., and who was one of the very first\\nsettlers of the county, made a claim, now the farm of Enos King, near Dah-\\nlonega. This claim he sold to Martin Koontz for $200 in gold, and received\\nthe money. Conceiving that he had sold too cheap, and that the county seat\\nof the county must be located very near this claim. Woody jumped the\\nclaim, that is, went on it again, and took steps to pre-empt the land under the\\nact of Congress. He accordingly erected on the claim a cabin. As soon as\\nthis fact was known. Woody was warned off fading to go, the action of the\\nClaim Committee was invoked, and that being in favor of Koontz, Woody was\\nordered off and to surrender to the claimant Koontz, which he refused to do.\\nThis, of course, was the signal to arms.\\nCapt. Jehu Moore, who led the Koontz forces about sixty well armed\\nmen some of whom Peter Kitterman, N. D. Earl, Joseph Kite and Elias\\nKitterman moved on the enemy s works. Among the Woody men were\\nWilliam, Alexander and Thomas Crawford, with a few others. I think William\\nCrawford was the leader of the Woody men. The friends of Koontz repaired\\nto the cabin which had been erected by Woody, and, finding him in it, tore it-\\ndown over his head and drove him off the claim. This brought the contending\\narmies together, and thereupon a most desperate fight ensued, resulting in the\\ndeath of Thomas Crawford.\\nThis war was followed by an eft ort on the part of the civil authorities, at\\nthe instance of Woody, to arrest the leader of the Koontz men. Being then", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 379\\nattached to JeflFerson County for judicial purposes (though not for military pur-\\nposes) process was sued out in Jeiferson County, and placed in the hands of\\nDeputy Sheriff Woolard, who came up from Fairfield to make arrests. On\\nreaching the scene of the war, this officer of the law found that it required\\nsomething more than a me\u00c2\u00bbe declaration from him: you are my prisoner, to\\nmake an arrest. Men who had banded themselves together by the strong ties\\nof honor and courage, as the Moores, Kittermans Kites, Earls and others\\nhad done to protect their rights, were not to be arrested in this way. The\\nDeputy Sheriff, Woolard, called to his assistance Andrew Weir, who was a\\nmere youth, acting as Constable, but of prudent courage, to assist him in making\\narrests. But it was of no use.\\nThose men would not be taken but, on the contrary, they took the officer,\\nWoolard, keeping him over night, and, in the morning, bringing him out and\\nplacing him upon his horse, escorted him to the public square in Dahlonega, or\\nrather to the place intended as a public square. Riding around him here, with\\ntheir well-trained rifles in hand, they gave, as they passed, a most respectful\\nmilitary salute, he returning the same. After this ceremony was closed, Capt.\\nMoore advanced and informed Deputy Sherifi Woolard that he and his men\\nhad no further use for him, and would not longer detain him from his family\\nand home, and that he was at liberty to go, and when they wanted him again\\nthey would let him know it and that, if he came again until thus called for,\\nhe had better make his last will and testament before leaving home. Suffice it\\nto say, Woolard never returned.\\nA somewhat laughable incident is said to have occurred during this war,\\nor at its close, with one of the attorneys engaged only professionally, how-\\never for Woody. William H. Galbraith and* George May were retained by\\nWoody, and W. W. Chapman for Koontz. During the excitement growing out\\nof this difficulty, the Koontz men corraled May in Woody s house. Finding\\nhim in a back room, in bed, they called him out. George came forth, and see-\\ning the crowd by which he was surrounded, and having the love of honor before\\nhis eyes, then and there implored his captors, for the sake of honor, for the\\nsake of God and the love which he bore toward his family and home, not to tar\\nand feather him or ride him on a rail but rather than be thus disgraced and\\nsent away he preferred to be shot. Well, they did not shoot him, nor did they\\ntar and feather him, nor ride him on a rail but it is said, though for the truth\\nof this I will not vouch, that the cloud of war passed off, and the angry waves\\nof passion were hushed by May asking his captors to go out and liquor. You\\nknow George was good on expedients. But whether the party liquored or not,\\nI cannot state. My friends, N. D. Earl and Peter Kitterman, who are on the\\nground, can tell you, for they were there.\\nIt is due to George May, an absent friend, to say that he was in no way\\nimplicated in the effort of Woody to take Koontz s claim, and that he lived\\nlong amongst us, and, when he left, had no better friends in the county than\\nthe men who espoused the interest of old Mr. Koontz. The prosecution which\\nhad been commenced in Jefferson County against the Koontz men remained\\nundisposed of until Wapello County was organized after which, from some\\noversight in legislation, Jefferson County lost her jurisdiction, and they were\\ndismissed. And thus ended the Dahlonega war and its consequences. Woody,\\nof course, lost the claim.\\nThis, perhaps, was the fiercest war that was waged in the county. In\\nother localities, like disturbances took place, but I cannot stop to refer to each\\nin detail. I have only alluded to this for the purpose of advising the uninitiated", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "380 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nmore clearly how justice was administered in the olden time in Wapello, when\\nthe law s delay did not supplant justice with mere forms.\\nLet me now _2;o back a little. I have already said that, in 1842, a treaty\\nwas made with the Sac and Fox Indians, by which this portion of country was-\\npurchased and owned by the United States and that Iowa at one time formed\\na part of Wisconsin Territory. On the 12th day of June, 1838, the Con-\\ngress of the United States passed an act organizing the Territory of Iowa.\\nThe boundary lines of this new Territory extended from the State of Mis-\\nsouri on the south, to the British Possessions on the north, and from the\\nMississippi on the east, to the Missouri on the west. The seat of govern-\\nment of this new Territory was fixed at Burlington, and the Territory was or-\\nganized on the 4th day of July, 1838. Robert Lucas, an honest man and good\\nofficer, was the first Governor William B. Conway, Secretary Charles Mason,\\nJoseph Williams and Thomas S. Wilson were the first Judges the former\\nbeing Chief Justice, and all of them able jurists and honest men. The Chief\\nJustice and his associate, Judge Wilson, are yet living Judge Mason at Bur-\\nlington and Judge Wilson at Dubuque.\\nAmong the very earliest settlers in the county of Wapello, are the\\nfollowing: In Competine Township, Joseph Leighton (father of A. C.\\nLeighton), Maylon Wright, Jesse Scott, Dr. Lewis, Alexander Smith and\\nothers.\\nIn Pleasant Township, George Harmon, John Henderson, James Hill,\\nJohn Murry, John HufFstutter, James T. Coleman, LeAvis F. Temple, George\\nHanna, Thomas Larwood, Samuel McGee, Thomas Brumsy (father of Samuel\\nBrumsy, Esq., now of this city). Manly Blanchard, John Philips, Calvin Car-\\nson, Hiram Fisher, John McDowell and Templin McDowell.\\nIn Agency Township, James Weir (subsequently Judge of Probate, and\\nfather of Dr. Weir, now of Agency City), James Stevens, Charles F. Harrow,\\nS. S. Dwire, William H. Cogswell, Joseph Myers, Maj. John Beach, William\\nB. Street, Alexander Street, J. H. D. Street (sons of Gen. Street, the Indian\\nAgent), Reuben Myers, Jesse Brookshire and H. B. Hendershott.\\nI think I must stop just here, and tell a little anecdote of Mr. Brookshire,\\na most upright, honest man. Jesse was an aspiring man, and desired very\\nmuch to be a delegate to the first Constitutional Convention. When he was\\ncanvassing the county in that direction, the question came up as to the pro-\\npriety of holding sessions of the Legislature each year, or less frequently. The\\ngeneral opinion seemed to fiivor biennial sessions the public mind was averse to\\nso much legislation. It wanted more freedom and less restraint. Mr. Brook-\\nshire caught the idea, and thought he saw a good opening for him on that\\nquestion. His competitor was Joseph H. Hedrick, brother to our esteemed\\nfellow-citizen, John W. Hedrick, and uncle to the gallant Gen. Hedrick. Mr.\\nHedrick had made a speech at Dahlonega, in which he took occasion to say,\\nthat he was opposed to annual sessions of the Legislature, and that, should he\\nbe elected a delegate, he would favor biennial sessions of the Legislature; that\\nhe thought that once in two years was often enough to hold legislative sessions.\\nIn this speech, Mr. Hedrick rather intimated that Mr. Brookshire difi*ered from\\nhim on that question, but he did not know just what his views were, and would\\nleave him to defend his own position. This, of course, called Jesse out on the\\nquestion. Jesse thought he saw a good opening to make votes just here. He\\nknew the popular current was opposed to yearly sessions of the Legislature,\\nand you know, Mr. President, how accommodating politicians are in favoring\\nthe popular will.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 381\\nComing to speak of this question of legislative sessions, Jesse raised him-\\nself to his utmost altitude, and said Fellow-citizens The gentleman, Mr.\\nHedrick, has told you that he was in favor of biennial sessions of the Legisla-\\nture, to be held every two years, and that, if elected, he should vote for such a\\nprovision in the Constitution. But, fellow-citizens, if I shall be elected your\\ndelegate, I will go further than Mr. Hedrick I will favor biennial sessions of\\nyour Legislature to be held once every three years. It is needless to say that\\nthis brought down the house but Mr. Hedrick was elected.\\nBut to return to an enumeration of the earlier settlers in Washington Town-\\nship John Priest, Gideon Myers, Joseph H. Flint, S. M. Wright (now can-\\ndidate for County Supervisor), Silas Garrison, Thomas Ping, James Acton,\\nJohn Acton, L. A. Myers, G. D. La Force, Joseph Hayne (now living below\\nthe city, in sight of where I stand, for many years Sheriff, Treasurer and Clerk\\nof the county, a most competent officer, good citizen and an honest man),\\nDemps Griggsby, Thomas Foster, Daniel Dennison and Green B. Savery.\\nIn Keokuk Township Joseph Mclntire, Seth Ogg, William C. Mcln-\\ntire, J. J. Seaman, Benjamin Young, William Kendrick, Robert H. Ivers, Cur-\\ntis Knight, Jesse Wallace and others.\\nIn Green Township were D. H. Michael (once Sheriff of the county\\nand now member of the Board of Supervisors), Benjamin Baum, Richard Jack-\\nson, Ezekiel Rush, Benjamin Powell, Isham Higdon and A. J. Redenbaugh\\n(once Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners, a good officer and honest\\nman).\\nPassing on around to Adams Township, we find James F. Adams (for\\nwhom the township is called), Theophilus Blake, Cyrus Van Cleave, Lawson\\nBradley, the Brocks, Drapers, Ralstons and others.\\nIn the western part of the county, then not organized into townships as\\nnow, were Joseph Gardner, Moses Baker, Frank Bates, James Sales, Abram\\nButin, Samuel Webb, Bird Pritchett, Noah Dofflemeyer, Lewis Myers, George\\nF. Myers, L. L. Denny, L. Stump, Samuel Bush, J. P. Eddy, John Kavan-\\naugh, Abner Overman, James Baker, Walter Clement, William R. Ross, Joseph\\nRoberts, Stephen Roberts, Lorenzo Roberts, William Black, Richard Butcher,\\nHenry Segur, Michael Welch and D. Campbell.\\nIn Richland Township T. M. Kirkpatrick, Dr. Kirkpatrick, David\\nWhitcomb, John Baker, J. G. Baker (LTncle Gurley, you know), Isaac Fisher,\\nWilliam Brim, James B. Wright, John D. Bevens, the McGlassons, A. J. Spur-\\nlock, John Kirkpatrick, William A. Winsell, John M. Spurgeon, Hugh Brown\\n(once a Clerk of the District Court and always a good citizen), Thomas Har-\\ndesty. Hill and Bayliss.\\nIn Highland Township J. W. Carpenter, (jeorge Godfrey, Wm. Evans,\\nJames West, Jedediah Scott, Wm. Harris, Washington Williams, George Rob-\\ninson, James Van Winkle, M. W. McChesney.\\nIn Dahlonega Township Joseph H. Hedrick, Peter Kitterman, Elias Kit-\\nterman, Martin Koontz, James Woody, W. B. Woody, Benj. Brattain, Jehu\\nMoore, N. D. Earl, N H. Gates, Peter White, John and Joseph Kite, Alvin\\nLewis, John W. Caldwell, Lewis Cobler.\\nIn Center Township James M. Peck, Farnum Whitcomb, Richard\\nFisher, J. C. Fisher, Peter Fisher, Henry Huffman, Nason Roberts, John\\nAlexander, Reuben R. Harper, J. M. Montgomery (settled out north), Phi-\\nlester Lee, John Clark, James Langshore, Dr. Hackleman, Thomas H. Wells,\\nJerry Smith, Sr., and Clark Williams in the eastern part of the township; Dr,\\nC. C. Warden, Hugh George, Wm. Dewey, Paul C. Jeffries, David Glass, Da-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nvid Hall, Rev. B. A. Spaulding, S. S. Norris, Sewell Kinney, David P. Smith,\\nJohn Myers, David Armstrong, H. P. Graves, Wm. H. Galbraith, Levi Buck-\\nwaiter in Ottumwa; Jink Yassar, George D. Hackworth, Arthur Eakins, Am-\\nmon Shawl, John Overman on the south side of the river; John C. Evans,\\nThomas Reveal, John Humphrey, Sylvester Wai-ner, Paris Caldwell, G. A.\\nRoemer, Wm. Harris, Wm. Crawford, Alex. Crawford, Thomas Crawford,\\nNathaniel Bell in the western part of the township.\\nBut I cannot tarry longer to name all those who first settled in the\\ncounty. Nor can I take up your time with biographical sketches of those\\nnamed suffice it to say, that a nobler set of men, of large hearts, of generous\\nimpulses and true courage, never lived. And when I call to mind the many\\ntimes I have shared your hospitality, old settlers, have been sheltered by\\nyour humble roofs, and protected from the pitiless prairie storms and parching\\nsummer suns when I look back and am reminded of the many kind friends I\\nfound in you when I was but a youth, poor and a stranger in a wild, strange\\nland, I would not if I could, and cannot if I would, suppress that God bless\\nyou which springs up in my heart made glad at meeting you this day. Pov-\\nerty, adversity and pluck brought us together in the olden time a happy\\npresent and a hopeful future have brought us together to-day. And while our\\nmain purpose in this re-union is to talk over the early days and to rejoice\\ntogether, f must be pardoned if I tarry in the shades of the lamented dead,\\na,nd with you shed a tear on their venerated graves. John Humphreys. Joseph\\nLeighton, George Harman, Lewis F. Temple, John Huffstutter, James Weir,\\nJames Stephens, S. S. Dwire, Wm. H. Coggswell, Joseph Mclntire. Robert\\nH. Ivers, Curtis Knight, Benj. Baum, Theophilus Blake, Abraham Butin,\\nAbner Overman, Charles Overman, Walter Clement, Michael Welch, William\\nBlack, John Baker, Isaac Fisher, James B. Wright, John D. Bevans, A. J.\\nSpurlock, Wm. Evans, Jedediah Scott, Richard Fisher, B. A. Spaulding, S. S.\\nNorris, Jerry Smith, John Priest, John C Evans, John Myers and A. D.\\nWhipple these among the early settlers. And coming down a little later,\\nAaron Harlan, Albert Mudge, James Hawley, A. D. Wood, Nathan Tindall,\\nJohn Stout, James H. Nosier, James Gray, Wm. Lotspeich, James D. Devin,\\nThomas Devin, Charles F. Blake, Sr., John Myers, Thomas C. Coffin, Thomas\\nC. Ogden, Wm. Hammond, Allen M. Bonnifield and Capt. C C. Cloutman\\ncannot be forgotten.\\nIn naming the earlier settlers in the different parts of the county, it will\\nbe seen the list does not embrace those who have been in the county only twenty-\\nfive or thirty years. My purpose is to mention only those who came in on the\\nheels of the departing Indian, and, of course, I have omitted very many who were\\nof the first to reach the county.\\nAs the Indian took up his march toward the setting sun, you, old settlers,\\nmore favored than he, came in from the east. Many of you who are here to-\\nday, were here to see the red men of the forest, with their squaws and papooses,\\ndraw their blankets in sadness around their naked forms, and with sullen and\\nreluctant march take up their way to the setting sun, and give way to the more\\nfavored wards of the Government.\\nThe inquiry may arise in the minds of many who are rejoicing with us\\nto-day, how the first settlers provided the necessaries of life during their first\\nseason, as they came on the 1st of May, and found nothmg but a wild, uncul-\\ntivated country. Hard enough But there were fewer necessaries needed then\\nthan now the inventory of necessaries was exceedingly brief. We had not then\\nlearned the lesson of extravagance. A pone of corn-bread, a slice of fat meat,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 383\\nspiced with its own gravy, furnished a most gracious and palatable repast.\\nMany and many is the happy meal, old settlers, you have taken under your\\nhumble roof, prepared by your cheerful and constant wives and daughters (God\\nbless them!) of nothing but bread and meat.\\nThen there were no mills in the county. You had to go to distant mills to\\nget your flour and meal. Some went to Moffit s mill, on Skunk River, at Au-\\ngusta, in Des Moines County, seventy-five or eighty miles distant others went\\nto Meek s mill, in A^an Buren County, forty or fifty miles some went to one\\nplace and some to another. Some used an old farmer s coffee-mill with which\\nto grind their buckwheat for cakes. One of these, Peter Kitterman has one\\nof these mills, and promised to bring it in to-day, so that I could show you the\\nvery mill but he neglected to do so, informing me that his most excellent wife\\nwould not consent because no one would give credit to the story. But you who\\nknow Peter Kitterman, know that when he says anything it is true.\\nSix and eight days were frequently spent in these milling trips; and when\\nyou returned with meal and flour, and found any of your neighbors destitute,\\nyou sent them word to come and get of your store. Yours were generous\\nhearts and open hands. No destitution was permitted in your respective neigh-\\nborhoods that you could prevent. Y^ou were then all partners what one had,\\nthe others owned. These were cordial, generous happy days no selfishness,\\nno exclusion. You, old men and aged women, will remember when your last\\npound of meat, your last peck of meal or bushel of potatoes was generously\\ndivided with your needy neighbors.\\nI have thus far spoken of the men of the olden times, of the wild and\\nearly days of Wapello. I must not, I cannot, forget the mothers and wives and\\ndaughters of those days. The cheerfulness, joy and grace with which they\\nmade these wild and crude)homes happy, are not forgotten. You, who in better\\ndays and more abundant lands had vowed to love, honor and obey, did not, in\\nyour hard and rugged homes, forget those vows.\\nYou, like those noble men whose ambition and pluck brought them West,\\nstood erect in that lofty womanhood which makes you helpmeets indeed, and\\nadds glory to your sex. Never heard to murmur at the fate which brought you\\nhere God bless you for the good you have done and the many kind offices you\\nhave filled and pass you in your advanced and declining years, in joy to the\\nclose\\nWapello County, which had been attached to Jefferson County, was\\norganized in 1844. The Territorial Legislature passed an act, approved\\nFebruary 13, 1844, the first section of which declares: That the county of\\nWapello be and the same is hereby organized from and after the 1st day March\\nnext (March 1, 1844). This act declared that the Clerk of the District\\nCourt of the county, aided by the Sheriff of the county (this latter officer\\nappointed by the act itself) should be the organizing officers. The duty of the\\nClerk (he who now addresses you) was to appoint the Judges and Clerks of Elec-\\ntion fix the places of voting receive, open and canvass the returns declare\\nthe result, and issue certificates of election. James M. Peck, who is yet among\\nus, an honored, worthy and influential citizen of the county, residing some two\\nmiles north of Ottumwa, was the Sheriff whose duty it was to post notices of\\nthe time and places of holding the election, deliver to the Judges and Clerks the\\npoll books, etc.\\nThe first election was held April 1, 1844. The Judges were: David P.\\nSmith, Peter Barnett, Jacob Daily, Alvin Lewis, Nason Roberts, Lewis Cobler,\\nJames T- Coleman, John Huffstetter, James Acton, William Miller, Willoughby", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "384 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nRandolph, William R. Ross, Jonathan Davis, William C. Mclntire, John W.\\nCaldwell, J. P. Eddy, James Weir, Jefferson Redman, Daniel Dennison, James\\nBroherd, Josiah C. Boggs, Nelson Wescoatt, N. B. Preston, John Miller, Will-\\niam Kendrick, Robert H. Ivers, James F. Adams, Gamaliel Belknap, Lawson\\nBradley, Reuben Myers, Demps Griggsby, Mahlon Wright, Alexader B. Smith\\nand Joseph Leighton. The Clerks were William A. Houghland, A. C. Logan,\\nJames R. Fisher, James Hilton, Thomas Wright, N. D. Earl, William S.\\nCampbell, Hiram Lambert, Thomas J. Linnard, William B. Street, William\\nNewell, George Wilson, Samuel J. Warden, Lewis Kenney, David F. Parrott,\\nGeorge H. Gow, James P. Bradley, Thomas Ping, R. V. Holcomb, Joseph\\nMyers, Jonathan Hodson and Curtis Knight.\\nAt this first election, James M. Montgomery, Lewis F. Temple and Chas.\\nF. Harrow were elected County Commissioners Charles Overman, Commis-\\nsioners Clerk; Paul C. Jeffries, Judge of Probate; Joseph Hayne, Sheriff;\\nJames Caldwell, Assessor Thomas Foster, Treasurer Milton J. Spurlock,\\nRecorder Hugh George, Surveyor, with a goodly number of Justices and\\nConstables. Of the officers here named, Paul C. Jeffries now 85 years old,\\nwith a heart as big as all outdoor Joseph Hayne, elsewhere alluded to, and\\nThomas Fosterv, one of Wapello s best citizens, are the only survivors, and are\\nyet with us and here to-day, except Judge Jeffi ies, who is too feeble to be out.\\nFor some time after the county was first settled, the inhabitants in the\\nsoutheast part got their mail matter from Keosauqua those in this and most\\nother parts of the county got their mail from Fairfield. We generally sent\\ndown a special messenger for our mail once each week. If we could hear from\\nWashington once in two weeks, we felt that we were especially fortunate in get-\\nting news so quickly. News which we received from Washington was more\\nusually three weeks than two in reaching us and, if I am not mistaken, our\\nnews from Europe was from four to six months in reaching us and as for news\\nfrom any other part of the world, that Avas never looked for.\\nThere was no telegraphing, and but very little railroading. Now you\\nmay start from Ottumwa and reach New York and Boston in three days and\\nyou may be landed in London, if you like, in two weeks and you may make\\nthe trip from ocean to ocean, across this continent, in about six days. You\\nmay also go to Mr. Plummer s office, on Market street, and he will send a mes-\\nsage for you to almost any place on earth and get an answer to it in less time\\nthan it will take you to walk from here to his office Such is life and progress.\\nThirty-one years ago we were on the very borders of civilization, just\\nstepping into the yet warm moccasin-tracks of the Indians as they retired.\\nNow we are almost in the center of a vast and powerful republic, and Wapello\\nis traversed from east and west by a great national thoroughfare, leading from\\nBoston to San Francisco, with four splendidly arranged and perfectly regulated\\ntrains of palatial coaches every twenty-four hours. Just think of it that such\\nmeans of travel, in the short space of thirty-one years, should take the place of\\nthe Indian trail and pony Who would not feel proud of the skill and energy\\nof the American people, and rejoice that he may claim Wapello County as his\\nhome? Just think it! you can now travel entirely across the continent, from\\nocean to ocean, in the most splendid style, in less time than it used to take you\\nto go to Meek s mill and get a little corn or wheat ground\\nI think I must stop here to relate an anecdote of Reuben R. Harper, a\\nformer worthy citizen of the county, and who owned the farm now occupied by\\nWilliam S. Carter. By the way, Mr. Harner had been elected to the Legisla-\\nture. The Winter the first message was sent over the wires from Washington", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 385\\nto Baltimore, when the principles of telegraphing were as little known and\\nunderstood as the so-called science of Spiritualism is now, the question was\\nsuggested how it was possible to send over and along a wire, stretched from\\nWashington to Baltimore, a distance of some thirty or forty miles, a message\\nin the space of a few seconds of time. No one seemed able to solve the mys-\\ntery, except Representative Harper, who said he believed he had it and, on\\nbeing inquired of for his explanation, he advanced the idea that the message\\nwas written upon very fine paper, wrapped with the most exact care around the\\nWashington end of the wire, and then and there received such velocity of\\nmotion by the application of the hand as to send it along the wire to Baltimore.\\nThis, he averred, was the only way possible that a message could be sent such\\na distance in so short a time, and he expressed grave doubts if it could be\\naccomplished in that way This was Representative Harper s opinion of the\\nprinciples of telegraphing, and I will leave you to determine how near right he\\nwas.\\nOn an examination of a very ancient record, I find the following entry,\\nand I can vouch for its correctness, for I made it myself. [Here was exhibited\\nabout half a quire of very common foolscap paper, stitched together with white\\nthread and covered with a very coarse kind of paper, as the first record book\\nfurnished by the United States, in which to enter the proceedings of the court,\\nfrom which was read\\nAnd now, on this day. to wit the 16th of September, A. D. IB44, the day on which, accord-\\ning to law, the District Court of the United States, within and for the county of Wapello, and\\nTerritory of Iowa, was to have begun and held its first or September term, at the Court House,\\nin the county seat of said county. There being no Judge present, the time for the commence-\\nment of said court is adjourned until 9 o clock to-morrow morning.\\nTuesday moi-ning, 9 o clock, September 17, 1844. And now, on this day there yet being\\nno Judge present, the lime for the commencement of said court is further adjourned until to-\\nmorrow morning.\\nAnd now, on this day, to wit Wednesday, September 18, 1844, being the adjourned day\\nfor the beginning of the September term of the District Court of the United States, for the\\ncounty of Wapello and Territory of Iowa. Present, the Hon. Charles Mason, Judge.\\n[Here follows an entry showing the organization of a grand jury as well on\\nthe part of the United States as the Territory of Iowa. The names of the\\njurors appear in the Court records in this volume.]\\nThus we have, on the 18th day of September, 1844, a District Court\\nopened, both on the part of the Territory of Iowa, to administer the laws of\\nthe Territory, and on the part of the United States to administer the laws of\\nCongress.\\nThis court was opened and held in a log house situated on the lot where\\nthe First National Bank of Ottumwa now stands. The first judicial act which\\nthe court did after its organization had been completed, as shown by the record,\\nis the following\\nJosiah Smart, Agent, who sues for the use of S. S. Phelps vs. Elias Orton, assumpsit.\\nDamages, $500. And now, on this day, this case came up for hearing. Whereupon, by the con-\\nsent of parties, it is ordered by the court here that this case be dismissed at the cost of defend-\\nant, taxed at |7.52^.\\nI find, on looking over the record, the first jury trial had in the court was\\nin the case of James Woody vs. Demps Griggsby verdict for defendant. This\\nrecord also shows, on the 19th of September, 1844, John Wall and George\\nWall, subjects of Queen Victoria, were naturalized, being the first naturaliza-\\ntion in the county, and the only ones at this term of the court.\\nSo far as this record shows, the grand jury reported but one indictment,\\nit being for larceny, and, as the final result in the case is not known, I with-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nhold the name of the defendant. I do not remember now who he was, where\\nhe lived or what became of him.\\nJ. C, Hall, of Burlington 1. W. Lewis and James H. Cowles, of Keo-\\nsauqua George May and W. H. Galbraith, of Ottumwa, are shown to have\\nbeen in attendance as attorneys of the court. On the last day of the term, I\\npresented to the court my resignation in writing of the office of Clerk, and\\nthereupon John W. Ross, Esq.. was appointed. The law, as it then stood, con-\\nferred upon the Judge of the court the power to appoint his own Clerk. Judge\\nMason had conferred the appointment upon me, but with the express under-\\nstanding that an election should be held, and that the candidate receiving the\\nhighest number of votes should have the office. Mr. Ross, the father of the\\namiable and accomplished Mrs. Whitla, of Ottumwa, succeeded under the\\nJudge s rule in the clerkship, and all who knew him knew that he was one of\\nthe best Clerks Wapello County ever had. He was kind, competent and\\nprompt, and at all times agreeable and gentlemanly.\\nIt may be a matter of interest to know who preached the first sermon in\\nthe county. I have sought in vain to ascertain this fact with certainty. The\\nhonor lies between J. H. D. Street, Joseph H. Flint, Silas Garrison, T. M.\\nKirkpatrick, Milton Jamison, B. A. Spaulding and Joel Arrington. I think,\\nhowever, that the palm must be borne off by T. M. Kirkpatrick, of the Meth-\\nodist Episcopal Church, who, as I am informed by Seth Ogg, preached on the\\nKeokuk prairie, on the south side of the river, just below Ottumwa, in an\\nIndian wigwam, made of bark, early in 1843 just at what time Mr. Ogg could\\nnot inform me. I know that B. A. Spaulding, of the Congregational Church,\\na good citizen, kind neighbor, honest man, able preacher and most exemplary\\nChristian, preached in 1843 at Agency City and Ottumwa, but at what time I\\nhave not ascertained. He, however, preached in a log cabin, where Union Block\\nnow stands, and Kirkpatrick preached in an Indian wigwam made of bark.\\nI think the presumption is in favor of Rev. Mr. Kirkpatrick, of the wigwam.\\n[Mr. Spaulding came in November, 1843. Mr. Kirkpatrick preached the\\nfirst sermon. Editor.]\\nI have endeavored to ascertain who taught the first school in the county.\\nThe credit lies between Ezekiel Rush, now living on the south side of the river,\\nand Mr. Tansey, who taught a school at Dahlonega, with the presumption in\\nfavor of Mr. Rush.\\nSabbath schools were organized at an early day at Agency City, Eddy-\\nville, Ottumwa, Dahlonega and some other points. I think, from the most\\nreliable information received, that the one organized at the house of Rev. W.\\nA. Nye, near where Chillicothe now stands, in June, 1845, mainly through the\\nefibrts of G. F. Myers, was the first Sabbath school organized in the county.\\nThere was one organized in Dahlonega, in 1846, with J. W, Hedrick as Super-\\nintendent, assisted by N. H. Gates and J. H. Given.\\nOn the 15th day of March, 1854, marriage licenses were issued to Dr. C.\\nW. Phelps and Miss Lizzie Weaver, sister of Gen. Weaver, of Bloomfield; and\\nalso, on the same day, to Andrew Crawford, a minor, and Miss Mary Ann\\nMontgomery, also a minor. Consent was given by the father of Crawford, and\\nPeter Walker (father of our esteemed fellow-citizen, M. B. Walker), as guard-\\ndian of Miss Montgomery. The records do not show which marriage was\\nsolemnized first, but they do show that young Crawford and Miss Montgomery\\nwere married on the same 15th of March. This does not amount to a very strong\\ncircumstance, for no man wants to buy a marriage license and put it in his\\npocket.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 387\\nThe first death in the county of which I have an account was that of Miss\\nMary Ann Hall, who died in the summer of 1843 and the first birth was that\\nof Mary Ann Smith, daughter of David P. Smith, early in 1843. [This is\\ncorrect as far as it relates to the actual settlers. On the authority of\\nMaj. Beach, we give the first death as that of Gen. Street, and the first birth\\nas that William Street Beach, son of the Major. See jjreceding pages.\\nEditor.]\\nThe first young lady who settled in Ottumwa was Samantha Shaffer, in\\nhonor of whom the street of that name in Ottumwa Avas called. She was not,\\nhowever, the first young lady who came to the county, as I can myself aver and\\nprove; for I know that James Weir, Paul C. Jeffries, William Brim, James B.\\nWright and Joseph Mclntire brought a bevy of interesting daughters with\\nthem to the county in May, 1843, or very soon thereafter.\\nThe first instrument of any kind recorded in the county is a lease from\\nCharles F. Harrow to his son-in-law, Jesse Brookshire, of the Baker farm, one\\nmile east of Agency, in consideration of $79.50, and that the family of said\\nHarrow should live with and form a part of said Brookshire s family, and be\\nsupported by him until December 20, 1844. This paper was acknowledged\\nbefore Green B. Savery, Justice of the Peace, witnessed by George May, and\\nis dated April 29, 1844.\\nThe first mortgage which appears on record, is one from Joseph McMullen\\nto J. P. Eddy k Co., on a half-section of land lying on Gray s Run, in Kish-\\nkekosh County, now Monroe This mortgage was given to secure the pay-\\nment of $50, in one year, and contained the usual covenants of warranty. It\\nwould seem that lands, in those days, were not esteemed very valuable, when\\na mortgage was required on a half-section to secure $50. The only interest\\nwhich McMullen could then have had in the land was a claim right, although\\nhe warranted the title.\\nThe book of original entries shows that the persons who first acquired\\ntitles to lands from the United States, in the county, w^ere James Longshore,\\nwho purchased, September 16, 1844, Lots 6, 7 and 8, and the northeast quar-\\nter of the northeast quarter of Section 4, Township 71, Range 13, and John\\nCaldwell, who purchased on the same day, the east half of the northeast quar-\\nter of Section 25, Township 72, Range 13,\\nThere is one other matter of record to which I will refer, and copy, to\\nwit:\\nTERRITORY OF IOWA,)\\nCounty of Wapello. J\\nAnd now on this day, to wit: August 28, 1844, came Tliomas M. Kirkpatrick and filed and\\nhad recorded in my office, the following license, o wit: Know all men by these presents,\\nthat I, Thomas A. Morris, one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the United\\nStates of America, under the protection of Almighty God, and with a single eye to His glory,\\nby the impositions of my hands and prayers (being assisted by the Elders present), have this\\nday set apart Thomas M. Kirkpatrick for the office of an Elder in the said Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch, a man who, in the judgment of the Rock River Conference, is well qualified for that\\nwork and he is hereby recommended, to all whom it may concern, as a proper person to admin-\\nister the sacrament and ordinances, and to feed the flock of Christ so long as his spirit and prac-\\ntice are such as become the Gospel of Christ, and he continueth to liold fast the form of sound\\nwords, according to the doctrine of the Gospel.\\nIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 29th day of August, A.\\nD. 1841. THOMAS A. MORRIS, [seal.]\\nPlattsville, W. T.\\nBishop Morris, venerable in years and noted for piety, died a few days\\nago. This license is to the same T. M. Kirkpatrick, who preached in the wig-\\nwam in Mr. Ogg s neighborhood.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe first physician who settled in the county, was either Dr. C. 0. War-\\nden, Dr. F. W. Taylor or Dr. C. W. Phelps. My impression is that Dr. War-\\nden may justly claim that distinction. He came in 1843. Though young,\\nhe was skillful and attentive, and he is now honorable and fair as a merchant\\nin Ottumwa.\\nThe first lawyer who settled in the county was William H. Galbraith.\\nDewey, Burkhalter, May and Chapman were close after Galbraith. Then,\\nvery soon, came Ives, Baker, Allison and myself. Then Jones, Col. Summers,\\nBrumfield, Lane and Devin. Dewey, Galbraith, Burkhalter, Ives, Lane and\\nAllison are dead Baker is living in Missouri has been on the Supreme\\nBench of that State Jones is practicing law in Keosauqua Brumfield is in one\\nof the Western Territories or States May is afloat Summers and Devin are\\nyet here and I am glad to report myself among you to-day as a citizen of\\nthis good county of Wapello.\\nIt is fitting that in mentioning the early immigrants to the county, I\\nshould not forget the Ottumwa Courier and Des Moines Republic. The Cou-\\nrier was the first newspaper published in the county. The first number is dated\\nAugust 8, 1848, and it was then called The Des Moines Courier, and was pub-\\nlished by Jos. H. D. Street and R. II. Warden, the latter now associated with\\nit. If there is one paper in this whole country that has, more than any other,\\nadvocated Whig and Republican principles, the Courier is that paper. Whether\\nunder the control of its founders, Street k Warden, or under the control of that\\nveteran, J. W. Norris, or Gen. Hedrick and Maj. Hamilton, or Hamilton\\nWarden, we always know where to find the Courier on political issues. Through\\nthe reverses of Whiggery and Republicanism, and in the triumph of its party\\nin county, State and nation, it has always been able to get out the very biggest\\nrooster in the land. At all times, and under all its proprietors, it has wielded\\nan influence in the State of no mean proportions. The opposition always felt\\nits blows.\\nThe Des Moines Republic was started by James Baker, but just what\\ntime I do not know not, however, until some years after the Courier. The\\nRepublic was merged into the* Democratic Mercury, E. L. S. H. Burton\\nproprietors, the former being editor. The forcible and spicy pen of the Mer-\\ncury s editor, Mr. E. L. Burton, made that paper one of the best in Southern\\nIowa.\\nThe Mercury was succeeded by the Copperhead, which passed under the\\ncontrol of S. B. Evans, and is now published and edited by him under the old\\nname of Democrat. The able pen of Mr. Evans has placed his paper as one\\nof the best in the State. Other papers have been and still are published in the\\ncounty, but as it is not my purpose to speak of modern things, I will not refer\\nto them. I will, however, state that no county in the State has better papers\\nthan Wapello.\\nIt may be thought that I should say something of the early history of the\\ntowns of the county the location of the county seat the organization of the\\nState government its first Senators and Representatives in Congress and in\\nthe Territorial and State Legislatures but I have already occupied so much\\nmore of your time than I expected to, that I cannot refer to these matters.\\nI love to think and talk of the olden times, when you and I were young\\nbut before doing so, let me say in behalf of you aged men of the olden days,\\nyou men who are not yet old, but, like myself, only advanced in life, that we\\nespecially honor and revere these old men and women who are yet among us,\\nstanding on the verge of the grave and just ready to step over on the other side.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "otruMWA\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^^y", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 391\\nLet US say to them in their feebleness and decrepitude, that we will continue to\\nwatch their tottering steps and support their feeble frames to the end that their\\nlast days may be as peaceful and calm as their earlier ones have been honorable,\\nenterprising and kind. And to you, young men, who have been born and reared\\nin our midst, and who are with us and of us to-day, let me exhort you to stand\\nerect and firm in all that makes the man. That as we, who are on the side of\\nthe setting sun of life, pass off the stage of action, you may with honor and\\nfitness take our places, and protect the fair name of Wapello down to posterity\\nas you may receive it from us.\\nI desire here to acknowledge mv obligations to Peter Kitterman, Seth\\nOgg, J. VV. Hedrick, D. H. Michael, Richard Butcher, S. M. Wright, Wm. C.\\nMclntire, G. F. Myers, W. A. Nye, Maj. John Beach, James Hill and others,\\nfrom whom I have obtained many of the fxcts presented to-day.\\nMr. President, I see among us to-day, Clay Caldwell. I must be par-\\ndoned if I detain you a few minutes while I speak of Clay. I remember the\\nfirst time I ever saw him it was thirty-odd years ago. I saw him playing in\\nthe dust of the road out in front of his father s house, near the line of our\\ncounty, and in the corner of Davis County. He was then, of course, a little\\nfellow, but manly looking, withal you could tell from the eye and erect form\\nthat there was a latent man. His hair looked like a bunch of flax in disorder,\\nand how do you suppose Clay was dressed when I first saw him I will tell\\nyou. The only garment he had on to clothe his manly form was a straight\\ntow slip buttoned close around his neck. That seems but a few years ago.\\nMany of you remember Mr. Caldwell after that as one of the ablest lawyers in\\nthe Des Moines Valley. He now ranks as one of the best Federal Judges in\\nthe United States, being United States District Judge for Arkansas. We are\\nglad to have him with us to-day.\\nHOW PIONEERS LIVED.\\nIn choosing his home the pioneer usually had an eye mainly to its location,\\nand for that reason settlers were oftener than not very solitary creatures, with-\\nout neighbors and remote from even the common conveniences of life. A desir-\\nable region was sure to have plenty of inhabitants in time, but it was the\\nadvance guard that suffered the privation of isolation. People within a score of\\nmiles of each other were neighbors, and the natural social tendencies of man-\\nkind asserted themselves even in the wilderness by efforts to keep up communi-\\ncation with even these remote families.\\nThe first business of a settler on reaching the place where he intended to\\nfix his residence, was to select his claim and mark it off as nearly as he could\\nwithout a compass. This was done by stepping and staking or blazing the lines\\nas he went. The absence of section lines rendered it necessary to take the sun\\nat noon and at evening as a guide by which to run these claim lines. So many\\nsteps each way counted three hundred and twenty acres, more or less, the then\\nlegal area of a claim. It may be readily supposed that these lines were far\\nfrom correct, but they answered all necessary claim purposes, for it was under-\\nstood among the settlers that when the lands came to be surveyed and entered,\\nall inequalities should be righted. Thus, if a surveyed line should happen to run\\nbetween adjoining claims, cutting off more or less of the other, the fraction was to\\nbe added to whichever lot required equalizing, yet without robbing the one from\\nwhich it was taken, for an equal amount would be added to it in another place.\\nThe next important business was to build a house. Until this was done,\\nsome had to camp on the ground or live in their wagons, perhaps the only shel-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORY OF WAPKLLO COUNTY.\\nter they had known for weeks. So the prospect for a house, which was also to-\\nhe home, was one that gave courage to the rough toil, and added a zest to the\\nheavy labors. The style of the home entered very little into their thoughts\\nit was shelter they wanted, and protection from stress of weather and wearing\\nexposures. The poor settler had neither the money nor the mechanical appli-\\nances for building himself a house. He was content, in most instances, to have\\na mere cabin or hut. Some of the most primitive constructions of this kind\\nwere half-faced, or as they were sometimes called cat-faced sheds or wike-\\nups, the [mlian term for house or tent. It is true, a claim cabin was a little\\nmore in the shape of a luunan habitation, made, as it was, of round logs light\\nenough for two or three men to lay u}), about fourteen feet square perhaps a\\nlittle larger or smaller roofed witli bark or clapboards, and sometimes with the\\nsods of the prairie; and Hoored with puncheons (logs split once in two, and the\\nflat sides laid up), or Avith earth. For a fire-place, a wall of stone and earth\\nfrequently the latter only, when stone was not convenient was nuide in the\\nbest practicable shape for the purpose, in an opening in one end of the build-\\ning, extending outward, and planked on the outside by bolts of wood notched\\ntogether to stay it. Frequently a fire-place of this kind was made so capa-\\ncious as to occupy nearly the whole width of the house. In cold weather,\\nwhen a groat deal of fuel was needed to keep the atmosphere above freezing\\npoint for this wido-iuouthcd fire-place was a huge ventilator large logs were\\npiled into this yawning space. To protect the crumbling back wall against the\\neffects of fire, two back logs were placed against it, one upon the other. Some-\\ntimes these back logs were so large that they could not be got in in any other\\nway than to hitch a horse to thom, drive him in at one door, unfasten the log\\nbefore the fire place, from whence it was put in proper position, and then drive\\niiim out at the other door. For a chimney, any contrivance that would conduct\\nthe smoke up the chimney would do. Some were made of sods, plastered upon\\nthe inside with clay others the more common, perhaps were of the kind we\\noccasionally see in use now, clay and sticks, or cat in clay, as they were\\nsometimes called. Inuigine of a winter s niirlit, when the storm was having its\\nown wild way over this almost uninhabited land, and when the Avind was roar-\\ning like a cataract of cold over the broad wilderness, and the settler had to do\\nhis best to keep warm, wiiat a royal fire this double-back-logged and weil-filled\\nfire-place would hold It must have been a cozy place to smoke, provided the\\nsettler had any tobacco or for the wife to sit knitting before, provided she had\\nneedles and yarn. At any rate it must have given something of cheer to the\\nconversation, wliicli very likely was upon the home and friends they had left be-\\nhind when they started out on this bold venture of seeking fortunes in a new land.\\nFor doors and windows, the most simple contrivances that would serve the\\npurposes were brought into requisition. The door was not always immediately\\nprovided with a shutter, and a blanket often did duty in guarding the entrance.\\nBut as soon as convenient, some boards were split and put together, hung upon\\nwooden hinges, and held sluit by a wooden pin inserted in an auger hole. As\\nsubstitute for window glass, greased paper, pasted over sticks crossed in the\\nshape of a sash, was sometimes used. This admitted the light and excluded the\\nair, but of course lacked transparency.\\nIn regard to the furniture of such a cabin, of course it varied in proportion\\nto the ingenuity of its occupants, unless it was where settlers brought with them\\ntheir old hoiiseliold supply, which, owing to the distance most of tiiein had come.\\nwas very seldom. It was easy enough to improvise tables and chairs the for-\\nmer could be made of split logs and there were instances where the door would", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 393\\nbe taken from its hinges and used at meals, after wliicli it would be reining\\nand the latter were designed after the three-legged stool pattern, or benches\\nserved their purpose. A bedstead was a vc ry important item in the domestic\\ncomfort of the family, and this was the fashion of improvising them A forked\\nstake was driven into the ground diagonally from the corner of the room, and\\nat a proper distance, upon which poles reaching from each wall Avere laid. The\\nwall ends of the [)oles either rested in the openings between the logs or were\\ndriven into auger holes. Jiarks or boards were used as a substitute for cords.\\nUpon this the tidy housewife spread her straw tick, and if she had a home-made\\nfeather bed, she piled it up into a luxurious mound and covered it with her\\nwhitest drapery. Some sheets hung behind it, for tapestry, added to the cozi-\\nness of the resting-place. This was generally called a prairie bedstead, and\\nby some the prairie rascal. In design it is surely quite equal to the famous\\nEastlake models, being about as primitive and severe^ in an artistic sense, as one\\ncould wish.\\nThe house thus far along, it was left to the deft devices of tiie wife to com-\\nplete its comforts, and the father of the family was free to superintend out-of-\\ndoor affairs. If it was in season, his first important duty was to prepare some\\nground for planting, and to plant what he could. This was generally done in\\nthe edge of the timber, where most of the very earliest settlers located. Here\\nthe sod was easily broken, not requiring the heavy teams and plows needed to\\nbreak the prairie sod. Moreover, the nearness to timber offered greater conven-\\niences for fuel and building. And still another reason for this was, that the\\ngroves aftbrdod protection from the terrible conflagrations that occasionally\\nswept across the prairies. Though they passed through the patches of timber,\\nyet it was not with the same destructive force with which they rushed over the\\nprairies. Yet by these fires much of the young timber was killed from time to\\ntime, and the forests kept thin and shrubless.\\nThe first year s flirming consisted mairdy of a truck patch, planted in\\ncorn, potatoes, turnii s, etc. Generally, the first year s crop fell far short of\\nsupplying even the most rigid economy of food. Many of the settlers brought\\nwith them small stores of such things as seemed indispensable to frui^al livin^\\nsuch as flour, bacon, coffee and tea. But these supplies were not inexhaustible\\nand once used, were not easily replaced. A long winter must come and go\\nbefore another crop could be raised. If game was plentiful, it helped to eke\\nout their limited sup])lies.\\nBut even when corn was plentiful, the preparation of it was the next diffi-\\nculty in the way. The mills for grinding it were at such long distances that\\nevery other device was resorted to for reducing it to meal. Some orated it on\\nan implement made by punching small holes through a piece of tin or sheet\\niron, and fastening it upon a board in concave shape, with the rou -h side out.\\nUpon this the ear was rubbed to produce the meal. But grating could not be\\ndone when the corn became so dry as to shell of! when rubbed. Some used a\\ncoflfee-mill for grinding it. And a very common substitute for bread was\\nhominy, a palatable and wholesome diet, made by boiling corn in weak lye till\\nthe hull or bran peels off, after which it was well washed, to cleanse it of the\\nlye. It was then boiled again to soften it, when it was ready for use as occa-\\nsion recpiircd, by frying and seasoning it to the taste. Another mode of\\npreparing hominy was by pestling.\\nA mortar was made by burning a bowl-shaped cavity in the even end of an\\nupright block of wood. After thoroughly clearing it of the charcoal, the corn\\ncould be put in, hot water turned upon it, when it was subjected to a severe", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "394 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npestling by a club of sufficient length and thickness, in the large end of which\\nwas inserted an iron wedge, banded to keep it there. The hot water would\\nsoften the corn and loosen the hull, while the pestle would crush it.\\nWhen breadstuffs were needed, they had to be obtained from long distances.\\nOwing to the lack of proper means for threshing and cleaning wheat, it was\\nmore or less mixed with foreign substances, such as smut, dirt and oats. And\\nas the time may come when the settlers methods of threshing and cleaning\\nmay be forgotten, it may be well to preserve a brief account of them here.\\nThe plan was to clean oft a space of ground of sufficient size, and if the earth\\nwas dry, to dampen it and beat it so as to render it somewhat compact. Then\\nthe sheaves were unbound and spread in a circle, so that the heads would be\\nuppermost, leaving room in the center for the person whose business it was to\\nstir and turn the straw in the process of threshing. Then as many horses or\\noxen were brought as could conveniently swing round the circle, and these were\\nkept moving until the wheat was well trodden out. After several floorings\\nor layers were threshed the straw was carefully raked oft and the wheat shoveled\\ninto a heap to be cleaned. This cleaning was sometimes done by waving a\\nsheet up and down to fan out the chaff as the grain was dropped before it but\\nthis trouble was fi equently obviated when the strong winds of autumn were all\\nthat was needed to blow out the chaft from the grain.\\nThis mode of preparing the grain for flouring was so imperfect that it is\\nnot to be wondered at that a considerable amount of black soil got mixed with\\nit, and unavoidably got into the bread. This, with the addition of smut,\\noften rendered it so dark as to have less the appearance of bread than of mud\\nyet upon such diet, the people were compelled to subsist for want of a\\nbetter.\\nNot the least among the pioneers tribulations, during the first few years of\\nsettlement, was the going to mill. The slow mode of travel by ox-teams was\\nmade still slower by the almost total absence of roads and bridges, while such a\\nthing as a ferry was hardly even dreamed of. The distance to be traversed was\\noften as far as sixty or ninety miles. In dry weather, common sloughs and\\ncreeks off ered little impediment to the teamsters but during floods, and the\\nbreaking-up of winter, they proved exceedingly troublesome and dangerous.\\nTo get stuck in a slough, and thus be delayed for many hours, was no uncom-\\nmon occurrence, and that, too, when time was an item of grave import to the\\ncomfort and sometimes even to the lives of the settlers families. Often, a\\nswollen stream would blockade the way, seeming to threaten destruction to\\nwhoever should attempt to ford it.\\nWith regard to roads, there was nothing of the kind worthy of the name.\\nIndian trails wei e common, but they were unfit to travel on with vehicles.\\nThey are described as mere paths about two feet wide all that was required to\\naccommodate the single-file manner of Indian traveling.\\nAn interesting theory respecting the origin of the routes now pursued by\\nmany of our public highways is given in a speech by Thomas Benton many\\nyears ago. He says the buffaloes were the first road engineers, and the paths\\ntrodden by them were, as a matter of convenience, followed by the Indians, and\\nlastly by the whites, with such improvements and changes as were found neces-\\nsary for civilized modes of travel. It is but reasonable to suppose that the\\nbuffaloes would instinctively choose the most practicable routes and fords in\\ntheir migrations from one pasture to another. Then, the Indians following,\\npossessed of about the same instinct as the buffiiloes, strove to make no improve-\\nments, and were finally driven from the track by those who would.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 395\\nWhen the early settlers were compelled to make those long and difficult trips\\nto mill, if the country was prairie over which they passed, they found it com-\\nparatively easy to do in summer, when grass was plentiful. By traveling until\\nnight, and then camping out to feed the teams, they got along without much\\ndifficulty. But in winter, such a journey was attended with no little danger.\\nThe utmost economy of time was, of course, necessary. When the goal was\\nreached, after a week or more of toilsome travel, with many exposures and risks,\\nand the poor man was impatient to immediately return with the desired staff\\nof life, he was often shocked and disheartened with the information that his\\nturn would come in a week. Then he must look about for some means to pay\\nexpenses, and he was lucky who could find some employment by the day or\\njob. Then, when his turn came, he had to be on hand to bolt his own\\nflour, as in those days, the bolting machine was not an attached part of\\nthe other mill machinery. This done, the anxious soul was ready to en-\\ndure the trials of a return trip, his heart more or less concerned about the\\naffairs of home.\\nThese milling trips often occupied from three weeks to more than a month\\neach, and were attended with an expense, in one way or another, that rendered\\nthe cost of breadstuflfs extremely high. If mads in the winter, when more or\\nless grain feed was required for the team, the load would be found to be so con-\\nsiderably reduced on reaching home that the cost of what was left, adding other\\nexpenses, would make their grain reach the high cost figure of from three to\\nfive dollars per bushel. And these trips could not always be made at the most\\nfavorable season for traveling. In spring and summer, so much time could\\nhardly be spared from other essential labor yet, for a large family it was almost\\nimpossible to avoid making three or four trips during the year.\\nAmong other things calculated to annoy and distress the pioneer, was the\\nprevalence of wild beasts of prey, the most numerous and troublesome of which\\nwas the wolf. While it was true in a figurative sense that it required the ut-\\nmost care and exertion to keep the wolf from the door, it was almost as true\\nin a literal sense.\\nThere were two species of these animals the large, black timber wolf, and\\nthe smaller gray wolf, that usually inhabited the prairie. At first, it was next\\nto impossible for a settler to keep small stock of any kind that would serve as a\\nprey to these ravenous beasts. Sheep were not d^med safe property until\\nyears after, when their enemies were supposed to be nearly exterminated.\\nLarge numbers of wolves were destroyed during the early years of settlement\\nas many as fifty in a day in a regular wolf-hunt. When they were hungry,\\nwhich was not uncommon, particularly during the winter, they were too indis-\\ncreet for their own safety, and would often approach within easy shot of\\nthe settlers dwellings. At certain seasons, their wild, plaintive yelp or\\nbark could be heard in all directions, at all hours of the night, creating in-\\ntense excitement among the dogs, whose howling would add to the dismal\\nmelody.\\nIt has been found, by experiment, that but one of the canine species, the\\nhound, has both the fleetness and courage to cope with his savage cousin, the\\nwolf. Attempts Avere often made to capture him with the common cur but\\nthis animal, as a rule, proved himself wholly unreliable for such a service. So\\nlong as the wolf would run, the cur would follow but the wolf, being appar-\\nrently acquainted with the character of his pursuer, would either turn and place\\nhimself in a combative attitude, or else act upon the principle that discretion\\nis the better part of valor, and throw himself upon his back, in token of sur-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "396 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nrender. This strategic performance would make instant peace between these\\ntwo scions of the same house and not infrequently dogs and wolves have been\\nseen playing together like puppies. But the hound was never known to recog-\\nnize a flag of truce his baying seemed to signify no quarter, or at least so\\nthe terrified wolf understood it.\\nSmaller animals, such as panthers, lynxes, wildcats, catamounts and pole\\ncats, were also sufficiently numerous to be troublesome. And an exceeding-\\nsource of annoyance were the swarms of mosquitoes which aggravated the\\ntrials of the settler in the most exasperating degree. Persons have been driven\\nfrom the labors of the field by their unmerciful assaults.\\nORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY.\\nSo rapid was the settlement of this region after the 1st of May, 1843, that\\nimmediate steps were taken to effect an independent organization of Wapello\\nCounty. The records of the early business and official transactions all bear\\nevidence of one fact, namely that the men who made the first venture in this\\nregion were of more than average ability. It is natural to associate crude men\\nwith new countries, and to expect to find imperfect records of early events\\nbut in the case of this county, one is agreeably surprised to find evidences of\\nclear minds, well-drilled business habits and methodical ways. This good im-\\npression is due in no small degree to the care and experience of Judge Paul C.\\nJefiries, the first Judge of Probate, a leading member of the Appanoose Rapids\\nCompany, and a prominent citizen for years.\\nIt is appropriate that, side by side with the Judge s name, should be men-\\ntioned those of James M. Peck, the Organizing Sheriff named in the original\\nact of the Legislature Joseph Hayne, the first elected Sheriff, and for nearly\\na quarter of a century an active official of the county and Thomas Foster,\\nthe first Treasurer, and a prominent man in many ways. These three men are\\nstill living, the sole survivors of the first official group.\\nHerewith is given a copy of the organizing act by which Wapello County\\nwas created\\nAn Act to organize the county of Wapello\\nSection 1. Be it enacted by the Council and Ilouae of Representatives of the Territory of\\nIowa, That the county of Wapello be and the same is hereby organized from and after the Is\\nday of March next and the inhabitants of said county shall be entitled to all the privileges to\\nwhich, by law, the inhabitants of other organized counties of this Territory are entitled and\\nthe said county shall constitute a part of the First .Judicial District of this Territory.\\nSec. 2. That, for the purpose of organizing said county it is hereby made the duty of the\\nClerk of the District Court of said county, and in case there should be no such Clerk appointed\\nand qualified, or, from any cause, said office should become vacant on or before the 10th day of\\nMarch next, then it shall be the duty Af the Sheriff of said county to proceed immediately alter\\nthe 10th day of March to order a special election in said county, for the purpose of electing\\nthree County Commissioners, one Judge of Probate, one County Treasurer, one Clerk of the\\nBoard of County Commissioners, one County Surveyor, one County Assessor, one SheriflF, one\\nCoroner, one County Recorder, and such number of .Justices of the Peace and Constables as may\\nbe directed by the officers ordering said election, the officer having due regard to the convenience\\nof the people, which special election shall be held on the first Monday in the month of April\\nnext; and that the officer ordering said election shall appoint as many places of holding elec-\\ntions in said county as the convenience of the people may require and shall appoint three\\nJudges of Election for each place of holding election in said county, and issue certificates to\\nsaid Judges of their appointment and the officer ordering said election shall give at least ten\\ndays notice of the time and place of holding said election, by at least three printed or written\\nadvertisements, which shall be posted up at three or more of the most public places in the neigh-\\nborhood where each of the polls shall opened as aforesaid.\\nSec. 3. That the officer ordering each of the elections aforesaid shall receive and canvass\\nthe polls,, and grant certificates to the persons elected to fill the several offices mentioned in this", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 397\\nact; and in all cases not provided for by this act, the officer ordering each of said elections shall\\ndischarge the duties of Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners, until there shall be a\\njlerk of the Board of County Commissioners elected and qualified for said county, under the\\nprovisions of this act.\\nSec. 4. Said election shall, in all cases not provided for by this act, be conducted according\\nto the laws of this Territory regulating general elections.\\nSec. 5. The officers elected under the provisions of this act shall hold their offices until\\nthe next general election, and until their successors are elected and qualified.\\nSec. 6. The officer ordering the election in said county shall return all the books and\\npapers which may come into his hands by virtue of this act, to the Clerk of the Board of County\\nCJomniissioners of said County, forthwith, after said Clerk shall be elected and qualified.\\nSec. 7. That .James M. Peck be and he is hereby appointed to discharge the duties and\\nfunctions of the office of Sheriff of said county, who shall exercise the duties and functions of\\nsaid office until the first Monday in the mouth of April next, and until there shall be a Sheriff\\nelected and qualified for said county and the said .James M. Peck shall give bond and security,\\nand shall take the same oath of office that is required to be taken by Sheriffs, which bond shall\\nbe approved, and the necessary oath of office administered by the Clerk of the District Court of\\nsaid county; and in case there should be no Clerk of the District Court of said county on the\\nfirst day of March next, then it shall be the duty of the Clerk of the District Court of Jefferson\\nCounty to approve the bond and administer the oath required by this act. And the said\\nSheriff shall be allowed the same fees for services rendered by him. under the visions of this act,\\nthat are allowed by law for similar services performed by the Sheriffs in similar cases.\\nSec. 8. That the Clerk of the District Court for the said county of Wapello, may be ap-\\npointed by the .Judge of said district, and qualified at any time after the passage of this act\\nbut shall not enter upon the discharge of the duties of said office prior to the first day of March.\\nSec. 9. That all actions at law in the District Court for the County of .Jefferson, com-\\nmenced prior to the organization of the said county of Wapello, where the parties, or either of\\nthem, reside in said county of Wapello, shall be prosecuted to final judgment, order or decree, as\\nfully and effectually as if this act had not been passed.\\nSec. 10. That it shall be the duty of all Justices of the Peace residing within said county,\\nto return all books and papers in their hands, appertaining to said office, to the next nearest\\nJustice of the Peace which may be elected and qualified for said county, under the provisions of\\nthis act; and all suits at law. or other official business which may be in the hands of such Jus-\\ntices of the Peace, and unfinished, shall be completed or prosecuted to final judgment by the\\nJustices of the Peace to whom such business or papers may have been returned, as aforesaid.\\nSec. 11. That the County Assessors elected under the provisions of this act for said county,\\nshall assess the said county in the same manner, and be under the same obligations and liabili-\\nties, as is now or may hereafter be provided by law in relation to Township Assessors.\\nSec. 12. That Joseph B. Davis, of Washington County, .John H. Randolph, of the county of\\nHenry, and Solomon Jackson, of the county of Lee, be and they are hereby appointed Commis-\\nsioners to loca.te and establish the seat of justice of said county of Wapello. Said Commissioners,\\nor any two of them, shall meet at the house of George Wilson, Esq.. near the old Indian Agency,\\nin said county, on the first Monday in May next, or at such time within the month of May as a\\nmajority of said Commissioners shall agree upon, in pursuance of their duties under this act.\\nSec. 13. Said Commissioners shall first take and subscribe the following oath, to wit: We\\ndo solemnly swear (or affirm) that we (or either of us) have no personal interest either directly\\nor indirectly in the location of the seat of justice for Wapello County, and that we will faithfully\\nand impartially examine the situation of said county, taking into consideration the future as\\nwell as the present population of said county also to pay strict regard to the geographical center\\nof said county, and locate the seat of justice as near the center, as an eligible situation can be\\nobtained which oath shall be administered by the Clerk of the District Court, or Justice of the\\nPeace of said county of Wapello and the officer administering the same shall certify and file\\nthe same in the office of the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners of said county, whose\\nduty it shall be to record the same.\\nSec. 14. Said Commissioners, when met and qualified under the provisions of this act, shall\\nproceed to locate the seat of justice of said county, and as soon as they shall have come to a de-\\ntermination, they shall comtuit to writing the place so selected, with a particular description\\nthereof, signed by the said Commissioners, and filed with the Clerk of the Board of County Com-\\nmissioners in which such seat of justice is located whose duty it shall be to record the same,\\nand forever keep it on file in his office aud the place thus designated shall be the seat of justice\\nof said county.\\nSec. 15. Said Commissioners shall each receive the sum of $2 per day while necessarily\\nemployed in the duties enjoined upon them by this act, which shall be paid by the county out of\\nthe first funds arising from the sales of town lots in said seat of justice.\\nSec. 16. That the county of Kishkekosh and the territory west of said county be and the\\n\u00c2\u00abame is hereby attached to the county of Wapello, for election, revenue and judicial purposes.\\nSec. 17. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage.\\nApproved, February 1-3, 1844.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "398 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nLEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS.\\nDecember 19, 1843, an act was approved by the Legislature establishing a\\nroad from Farmington, Van Buren County, to Atumwa, Wapello County.\\nThe Commissioners were John Goddard and Jesse Wright, of the former county,\\nand Van Caldwell, of Wapello.\\nFebruary 7, 1844, an act was approved establishing a road from lowaville,\\nVan Buren County, to Atumwa. James Hall, William Ingersoll and Jacob\\nMarshall, Commissioners.\\nFebruary 12, 1844, an act was approved authorizing a road from the south-\\nern line of Davis County to the northern line of Wapello County, to touch the\\ncounty seats when they were established. Hugh George, John Kirkpatrick and\\nLloyd Nelson, Commissioners.\\nJune 19, 1844, a road from Eddyville to the county seat of Mahaska County\\nWilliam Mcllvain, William Black and William R. Ross, Commissioners.\\nJanuary 13, 1846, a road from Fairfield, Jefferson County, to Agency City.\\nDavid Sears, Henry B. Mitchell and Nathaniel H. Gates, Commissioners.\\nJanuary 16, 1846, a road from Ottumwa to Bloomfield, Davis County.\\nLloyd Nelson, Riley Macy and Richard Fisher, Commissioners.\\nJanuary 17, 1846, a road from Ottumwa to Chariton River. George Rey-\\nnolds, Ira Claflin and Lafayette Bear, Commissioners.\\nThe Legislature passed a joint resolution in February, 1847, praying for\\nthe establishment of a mail route from Iowa City southwest through Sigourney\\nand Ottumwa to Bloomfield.\\nDecember 27, 1848, a State Road was authorized from Eddyville to Bloom-\\nfield, Davis Co. E. M. Kirkland, Silas Doggett and John Massey, Commissioners.\\nDecember 29, 1848, a road from Ottumwa to Chariton Point, Lucas Co.\\nJohn Webb, John Clark and William S. Townson, Commissioners.\\nDecember 21, 1850, a joint resolution was adopted praying for the exten-\\nsion of the military road from Agency City to Council Bluffs.\\nJanuary 4, 1851, H, B. Hendershott was authorized to sell a solar compass\\nbelonging to the State, for a sum not less than $150.\\nTHE FIRST PROBATE BUSINESS.\\nHon. Paul C. Jeffries was the first Judge of Probate elected in Wapello\\nCounty. The election took place April 1, 1844, and, under the then existing\\nlaw, a special officer was chosen to adjudicate upon matters relating to wills,\\nestates, etc.\\nThe first case presented to this Court of Probate was recorded September\\n2, 1844, in Judge Jeffries uniform and business-like handwriting. The case\\nis an interesting one, not merely because of its being the original entry, but also\\nbecause of the quaintness and humor of the inventory and administrator s bill.\\nA literal copy of the records is here made\\nWILLIAM CRAWFORD BOND TO JUDGE OF PROBATE.\\nKnow all Men hy the e Presents, That we, William Crawford, Administrator of the estate of\\nThomas Crawford, late of Wapello County, deceased, and .John Stout, his surety, are held and\\nfirmly bound unto Paul C. Jelfries, Judge of Probate for said Wapello County, and to his success-\\nors in office, in the penal sum of live humlred dollars, for the payment of which well and truly\\nto be made, we jointly and severally bind ourselves firmly by these presents. Sealed with our\\nseals and dated this )th dav of September, A. D. 1844.\\nWhereas, The said William Crawford has been appointed by the said Paul C. Jeffries, Judge\\nof Probate, Administrator of the estate of the said Thomas Crawford, late of said county, decease d\\nNow the conditions of the above bond are such that if the said William Crawford, Administrate", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 399\\naforesaid, shall make aud return into the Court of Probate, within three months from the date\\nof these presents, a true inventory of all the real estate and all the goods and chattels, rights\\nand credits, moneys and effects, which were of the said Crawford, deceased, which have or may\\ncome into his hands or knowledge also, to administer, according to law, all the goods and chat-\\ntels, rights and credits, moneys and effects of the said deceased, and the proceeds of all his real\\nestate that may be sold to the payment of his debts, which may come into the possession of him,\\nthe said William Crawford, or into the possession of any person for him also to render, upon\\noath, a true account of his administration, within one year, and at such other times as the Judge\\nof Probate may require, and to deliver the letters of administration which have been granted t\\nhim into the Probate Court, in case any will of the deceased s liall be thereafter duly proved and\\nallowed then the above bond to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue in law and\\nequity. William Crawford, [seal.]\\n.John Stout, [seal.]\\nBond and security approved September the 2d, 1844.\\nPaul C. Jeffries, J. P.\\nThe case was one of administration upon an intestate estate, as will be seen\\nby the foregoing. The accounts, inventories, etc., are presented herewith\\nACCOUNT WITH THOMAS CRAWFORD. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE.\\nAnd now on this day, to wit, the Ist day of November, 1S44, Isaac McKeon, Paris Cald-\\nwell and Sylvester Warner, returned into court the following inventory and appraisement of the\\nproperty of said estate\\n1 smoothing iron and knives 75\\n1 pot trammel and hoe 50\\n1 set harness 4 00\\n4 sheep, $2 per head 8 00\\n1 mare 30 00\\n1 plow 4 50\\n1 red cow H 50\\n1 10 00\\n1 2-year-old heifer 6 00\\n3 yearling calves at f 4 12 OO\\n50 bushels corn, 25c 12 50\\ni of a piece of corn at William Craw-\\nford s 10 00\\ni of a piece of corn at Samuel Cald-\\nwell s 10 00\\n1 of a piece of corn at Paris Cald-\\nwell s 10 00\\n1 skillet 50\\n1 teakettle 1 00\\n1 pot 1 25\\n1 bottle and jug 50\\n1 churn 75\\n1 sieve 37J\\n1 coffee-mill, jug and strainer 37^\\n1 bucket 50\\n1 axe 1 00\\n1 drawing-knife and 2 augers 1 50\\n1 clock 10 00\\n1 gun 8 00\\n1 table 1 50\\n1 pair bedsteads 3 00\\n1 bed and bedding 7 00\\n12 lbs. rolls, at 37Jc per lb 4 50\\n4 chairs 1 00\\nA lot of flax 1 00\\n1 bridle 25 Total $173 76\\nAnd now, on this day, to wit November 1, 1844, the following sale bill was returned into\\ncourt, viz.: Andrew Crawford, 1 skillet, 50 cts. Jacob Marshall, 1 tea kettle, 50 cts. David\\nCaldwell, 1 stew kettle, |1.00; Andrew Crawford, 1 dish kettle, 56^ cts. Andrew Crawford, 1\\nchurn, 25 cts. William Crawford, 1 skillet, Vlh Jacob Marshall, 1 sieve, 37^ Jacob Marshall,\\n1 coffee mill, 00; Andrew Crawford, 1 wood bucket, 56^ John Wall, 1 ax, 148| John Wall, 2\\naugers and 1 draw knife, 1.75; Nason Roberts, 1 ax, 1.37.^; Alexander Crawford, 1 pr. check\\nlines, 1.433 William McClintock. 1 clock, 5.00; William Crawford, 1 rifle gun, 4.00 John\\nWall, 1 table, 2.37* John White, 1 pr. bedsteads, 6.00; Job Davis, 12 lbs. wool rolls, 41 cts.,\\n4.92; John Wall, 4 chairs, ].18| William Crawford, a lot of flax, l.OO; do. do., 1 bridle, 25;\\nAndrew Crawford, 1 sad iron and sundries, 56]-; Nason Roberts, 1 sad iron,56J W. B. Woody,\\nhoe and pot rack. 37* Andrew Crawford, 1 lot of bee cloths, 2.00; Job Davis, 1 lot of tobacco\\nand cabbage, 1.87^ William Crawford, 1 pr. harness, 2.00; Alexander Crawford, 1 pr. harness,\\n2.00; John L. Koontz, 2 head of sheep, 4.75 do. do., 2 head of sheep, 4.00 John C. Evans, 1\\nplough, 2.50; do. do., 1 do. and hoe, 37*; John White, one red cow and calf, 12.37^ Nason\\nRoberts, 1 cow, 10.00 John L. Koontz, 1 barren cow, 8.25 John Wall, 1 line-backed cow,\\n10.12*; William Crawford, 3 yearlings at 4.00 each, 12.00; do. do., 1 lot corn, 10.00; R. R.\\nJones^ 1 white cow and calf, 10.75 David Glass, 1 cow and calf, 14.87*; Job Davis, 1 ox, 12;\\nDavid Hall, 50 bushels of corn, at 28 pr., 14.00; =i undivided interest in the whole field,\\n12.25 David Armstrong, a lot corn, 15.37* Alexander Crawford, 1 bell and collar, 1.50 Alex-\\nander Crawford, by balance on cow, 37^.\\nI do hereby certify the foregoing to be a correct list of property sold by me on this 19th\\nday of September, 1844. WILLIAM B. WOODY, Auct.\\nAttest, John C. Evans, Clerk.\\nThe doctors presented their bills for service and medicines. Dr. Charles\\nC. Warden offered a claim of ^3 on the 15th of May, 1845, and Dr. J.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "400\\nHISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nKoontz, for seven visits, etc., solicited the payment of $16.50, on the 19th\\nof December, 1844.\\nIt appears, also, that the deceased had given three promissory notes, one to\\nThomas Devin, of Pittsburgh, dated March 3, 1842, for $25.53; one to A.\\nMadison, of Ottumwa, for $12, dated December 16, 1843 and one to David\\nGlass, for $9.06^, dated September 14, 1842. These matters were adjusted,\\nas well as certain other routine aifairs. The most voluminous account, however,\\nwas that presented by the administrator against himself, and in favor of the\\nestate. It appears that the administrator was somewhat given to the ardent,\\nprobably as a precaution against malaria and snake-bites. A true copy of the\\nbill which the honest official filed against himself is here given as a curiosity in\\nmore than one sense\\nTHOMAS CRAWFOKD, DR.\\nTo 2\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n1\\n1\\ndrinks whiskey 12.\\ndo do 12i\\ndo do 6]\\ndo do 12j\\npint whiskey 12^\\nTo 1 drink whiskey\\n1\\n1\\ndo do\\ndrinks whiskey.\\npint\\ndrinks\\ndo\\npint\\ndrink\\ndrinks\\ndo\\n2\\nRj tobacco\\n12+\\n25\\n12-^\\n12i\\n12i\\n6}\\n12i\\n12|\\n12+\\npint whiskey 12+\\ndo do\\ndrink whiskey\\npint\\ndrinks\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\nm\\n12+\\n12+\\n18|\\nH\\nm\\n6+\\nplug tobacco 18|\\ndrinks whiskey 12|\\ndo do 12i\\ndo do 6i\\ndo do 12^\\ndo do 6i\\nquart do 18|\\ndrink do 6j\\ndrinks do 12J\\nlb tobacco 18f\\npint whiskey ]2|\\nvial linament 25\\ndrinks whiskey 12j\\nquart do ISf\\ndo\\nquart\\ndrinks\\nquart\\ndrinks\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\n18^\\n12A\\n18|\\n12^\\nlb tobacco 12^\\ndrinks whiskey 12^\\nquart do 18f\\ndrink do 6|\\ndrinks do 18|\\npint brandy 26\\ndrink whiskey\\ndrinks do\\ndo\\npint\\ndrink\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\nplug tobacco....\\nquart whiskey\\ndrinks do\\ndo\\nquart\\ndrink\\ngallon\\ndrink\\ngallon\\ndrink\\ndrinks\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\n6i\\n12^\\n18|\\n12^\\n6^\\n\u00c2\u00abl\\n18f\\n18|\\n12J\\n12i\\nm\\n25\\n25\\n61\\n124\\n12i\\n12+\\n18|\\n6i\\nlb sugar 12^\\ndo 6^\\ndo 6\\\\\\nTotal $9 59+\\nThe estate was settled by the payment of $7.50, balance due from adminis-\\ntrator to estate, but the date of final adjustment is not given. It was probably\\nsome time in the fall of 1845. It seems a trifle strange that Mr. Crawford\\nshould have been so extravagant with his tobacco, liniment and sugar, when he\\nmight have used his wealth in the purchase of more whisky. Another impor-\\ntant fact is demonstrated by this official document, and that is, it made no difier-\\nence whether a man made wholesale or retail purchases, the price remained\\nunchanged. There was no discount to administrators. A single drink was\\nreally a serious matter in those days, since it is shown that a half-pint was", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 401\\nthe usual allowance. Mr. Crawford manifested a sturdy determination not to\\nbe frightened at that, however, and his bill shows him in the light of a sur-\\nraounter of difficulties.\\nThe first guardian of minors appointed by the Probate Judge was Joseph\\nMclntire, guardian of Daniel, James and John Murphy, May 10, 1845.\\nThe first will filed was that of William B. Woody, dated October 11, 1846,\\nand filed by the widow, Frances Woody, sole executrix, December 7, 1846.\\nTHE MARRIAGE RECORD.\\nThe first license issued was in favor of the marriage of Andrew Crawford\\nand Mary Ann Montgomery, dated March 15, 1844. The intended bride was\\na minor, under the guardianship of Peter Walker. The following note directed\\nto the Clerk of the Court is filed with the order granting the license\\nTo Hmry B. ILndershotl, Clerk, etc.:\\nYoii will please let Mi-. Andrew Crawford have marriage license to be married to Miss Mary\\nAnn Montgomery, and this shall be your authority for the same, the parties being under age.\\nPETER WALKER,\\nGuarditm for Mary Ann Montgomery.\\nHis\\nTHOMAS X CRAWFORD,\\nmark.\\nFather of Andrew Crawford.\\nAttest, Henby B. Hendershott.\\nThe couple were married March 15, 1844, by R. R. Jones, Justice of the\\nPeace, at the house of Peter Walker. The groom was 19, and the bride 16\\nyears of age.\\nThe second marriage license was that of Dr. C. W. Phelps and Elizabeth\\nC. Weaver the third that of John P. Scott and Elvira A. Weir. The lat-\\nter marriage was solemnized at Agency City, by Rev. Benjamin A. Spaulding,\\nApril 17, 1844.\\nThe authority possessed by Mr. Spaulding was filed at this time, and con-\\nsisted of a license issued by the Clerk of the District Court of Jefferson\\nCounty, Iowa.\\nOn the 28th of August, 1844, the certificate of ordination, issued by\\nBishop Morris, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, August 29, 1841, pro-\\nclaiming Thomas M. Kirkpatrick a fully consecrated Elder in the said Method-\\nist Episcopal Church, was filed with the Clerk of Wapello County. This was\\nto establish Mr. Kirkpatrick s authority to solemnize marriages.\\nA similar document was filed by Rev. Robert Long, of the Christian Church,,\\non the 9th day of November, 1844.\\nDuring the first year of the county s existence, the following marriage licen-\\nses were granted\\nGeorge Nelson to Isabella Frances Hackney, November 9 Seth Ogg to\\nRebecca H. Mclntire, April 28 David Glass to Eliza Jane Hall, June 19\\nJoseph Mclntire to Mrs. Sarah Murphy, July 2 William Carter to Mary Jane\\nLewis, August 21 William F. Bay to Nancy J. Kirkpatrick, September 5;\\nAlexander Kitterman to Else Linch, September 24 James S. Baker to\\nTamas Overman, September 28 Thomas J. Linnard to Julina Lambert,\\nSeptember 30 Melville H. Talbatt to Elizabeth Rouse, October 4 James\\nR. Fisher to Sarah McCall, October 5 Charles Wallace to Cynthian M.\\nRoss, October 9 George Howlet to Sarah Wilson, November 7 William\\nParker to Lavinia Boyce, December 2 James Stephens to Mary Ann Har-\\nrow, December 18; James D. Huffstetter to Eliza Ann White, December\\n-30.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "402 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nOn the 24th of April, 1845, Rev. John Pardoe filed his certificate of ordi-\\nnation as a Methodist Protestant clergyman.\\nNovember 20th, Rev. Joseph Ackerman filed his certificate of authority to\\nsolemnize marriages, having his ordination papers issued by Bishop Roberts, of\\nthe Methodist Episcopal Church. The papers were dated at Terre Haute, Ind.,\\nOctober 10, 1841.\\nThirty-six marriage licenses were issued out of the Clerk s ofiice of Wapello\\nCounty during the year 1845.\\nTHE DISTRICT COURT.\\nAs in almost every case, the original record of the District Court in Wa-\\npello County consists of eight sheets of foolscap paper, stitched together to form\\na book. More permanent character has been given the records, however, by\\ntranscribing them into a substantial volume.\\nThe following self-explanatory records are taken literally from the record-\\nbook, but we purposely omit extended mention of the incidents attending the\\nopening of the first court, preferring to give such interesting facts a more\\nappropriate place in the general history of the county. We quote\\nAnd now, on this day, to wit, the sixteenth day of September, A. D. 1844, the day on which,\\naccording to law, the District Court of the United States, within and for said county of Wapello\\nand Territory of Iowa, was to have begun, and its tirst or September term, at the Court House\\nin said county, there being no Judge present, the time for commencement of said Court is ad-\\njourned until n o clock to-morrow morning.\\nTuesday morning, 9 o clock,\\nSeptember 17, A. D. 1844.\\nAnd now, on tiiis day there yet being no Judge present, the time for the commencement of\\nsaid Court is further adjoui ned until to-morrow morning.\\nAnd now, on this day to wit, Wednesday, 18th September, 1844, being the adjourned day\\nfor the beginning of the September term of the District Court of the United States, for the\\ncounty of Wapello and Territory of Iowa, Present the Hon. Charles Mason, Judge, etc.\\nThe following proceedings were had, to wit\\nAnd now, on this day, to wit, the 18th day of September, A. D. 1844, the venire which had\\nbeen returned on the IGth inst., by Joseph Hayue, Sheriff of said county, being examined by\\nthe Court, it is ascertained the following-named persons have been duly summoned to serve as\\ngrand jurors to this Court, to wit\\nLIST OF FIRST GRAND JURY.\\nJames Weir, George W. Knight, Seth Ogg, Robert H. Ivers, Thomas Pendleton, Henrj\\nSmith, William Brinn, Lewis F. Temple, John Humphreys, Martin Fisher, Paul C. Jeifries, John\\nFuller, Finley Lindsey, William Prichell, William C. Mclntire, John Clark, James R. Boggs,\\nJohn Kirkpatrick, John Murry, Isom Garrett, Shannon Hackney, Philaster Lee and Thomas\\nWright; five of whom, to wit, Robert H. Ivers, Martin Fisher, John Fuller, John Clark and\\nJohn Kirtpatrick, on being called, answered not.\\nThe Court ordered the Sherifi to complete the panel, whereupon William\\nA. Winsell, Peter Barnett, Richard Fisher and Jacob Hackney were added to the\\nlist. James Weir was appointed Foreman. George B. Warden was appointed\\nBailiff, and proceeded to take the grand jury under his charge.\\nThe first case of record was that of Josiah Smart, Agent, etc., who sues for\\nthe use of S. S. Phelps vs. Elias Orton. This was a land-claim case, and was\\ndismissed, with costs assessed against the defendant to the amount of $7.42^.\\nThe next case, James C. Ramsey vs. John R. and W. S. Wright assumpsit.\\nDamages claimed, $67. Case compromised by the parties, with costs on\\ndefendant, stated at the sum of $5.87^.\\nThe third case was John McCoy vs. William Flood, assumpsit damages,\\nCase withdrawn by plaintiff, with costs on him to the amount of\\ni.62i.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 403\\nThe next three cases were of similar character, and were between John\\nMyers vs. Charles F. Harrow James Foster vs. Charles F. Harrow and\\nHugh George vs. Jesse C. Weeks. All dismissed with costs on plainiift\\nOn the 19th of September, the Clerk issued, by order of the Court, the\\nfirst naturalization papers ever issued in the county, the applicants therefor\\nbeing John Wall and George Wall.\\nThe grand jury found an indictment against Joseph S. Hendricks for\\nlarceny. The case was taken up at once, when Hendricks pleaded not guilty,\\nand was bound over to appear at the April term of the District Court. As this\\nAvas the first indictment, it may be interesting to know that the case was again\\ncontinued to the September term, 1845, at which time the Prosecuting Attor-\\nney appeared and declared that he would never prosecute the case. The\\ndefendant was discharged, and the county paid the bill.\\nThere were forty cases on the first docket, and the term lasted five days.\\nThe first divorce case on record is at the April term, 1845, on a change of\\nvenue from Jefferson County, and is between Mary Kinzie and John Kinzie.\\nBill granted by default.\\nThe first divorce granted parties resident in Wapello Avas at the same term\\nof Court Amanda Hulin vs. Ira Hulin. Decrees granted by default.\\nTHE CIRCUIT COURT.\\nThe first session of this Court was held March 8, 1869, Hon. Robert Sloan,\\nJudge; Thomas Bedwell, Sheriff; L. M. Godley, Clerk.\\nOFFICIAL ROSTER OF THE COUNTY.\\nThe first County Commissioners Minute-Book and the first Election Reg-\\nister are lost, and it was with great difficulty that we were able to verify the\\nelection of the county ofiicers up to 1865. Still, we herewith present a roster,\\nwhich will bear close inspection and which may be relied upon as correct in all\\nthe essential points. Some minor errors may exist in it, but if so, it is because of\\nutter lack of data, and not through a lack of work on the part of the com-\\npiler. These little lists have required more labor than any other portion of the\\nwork\\nCounty Commissioners. L. E. Temple, J. M. Montgomery and C T. Har-\\nrow were the original Commissioners, elected in 1844. The balance of the list\\nmay not be strictly accurate, since it is a lamentable fact that the first Commis-\\nsioners Record Book is lost. From such sources as diligent research and in-\\nquiry reveal, we have concluded that the following named persons were on the\\nBoard, and very nearly in the order given but one Commissioner was chosen\\nannually, unless a vacancy occurred In 1844, John B. Gray was chosen,\\naccording to the statement of Mrs. Gray; but some of the older citizens here\\nare disposed to question this. If he was a member at any time, it must have\\nbeen in 1844, because in the summer of 1845, Kishkekosh County, in which\\nhe lived and which was then attached to Wapello, was organized. Dr.\\nWarden thinks that the first Commissioners served but one year. If that is so,\\nthen there is a missing name in this list, for the first full Board discovered is\\nin 1847, when Henry Smith, Charles Dudley and James B. Wright served.\\nWe are inclined to believe that one of these gentlemen probably Smith was\\nchosen in 1845 James B. Wright in 1844, and Charles Dudley in 1847.\\nPerhaps Mr. Dudley was elected first in 1845, as the retirement of Mr. Gray", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwould create a vacancy. If that supposition is correct, Mr. Dudley was re-\\nelected in 1848. In 1847, the Board consisted of Messrs. Smith, Wright and\\nDudley and in 1848, of Wright, Dudley and Bell. This fact bears us out\\nin the theory that Smith was chosen in 1845, since, in three years, Nathaniel\\nBell was elected to succeed him. From this date, the files of the Courier (an\\ninvaluable authority, because of the excellence of the editorial work bestowed\\nupon them) supply reliable data. In 1849, Samuel Gilliland was elected\\nand in 1850, Gideon Myers. The Commissioner system was abolished in\\n1851, at which time the Board was composed of Nathaniel Bell, Samuel Gilli-\\nland and Gideon Myers.\\nOn the authority of a paper published in the Annals of Iowa, April, 1868,\\nby G. D. R. Boyd, we state that the second Board of County Commissions,\\nchosen at the first regular election, in August, 1844, was composed of John C.\\nEvans, James B. Wright and John B. Gray. It is to be regretted that Mr.\\nBoyd did not give a list of all the county officers therein recorded, since the\\nbook from which he gathered his information is now lost. Mr. B. speaks dis-\\nparagingly of the record, because of its meager character.\\nThe election of the first or organizing Board was held in April, 1844.\\nThe regular election took place always in August in those early years. The\\noriginal officers, except Commissioners, were re-elected at the first August elec-\\ntion in 1844.\\nCommissioners Clerk. This office was distinct from that of Clerk of the\\nDistrict Court. The first incumbent, 1844, was Charles Overman. In 1848,\\nA. J. Redenbaugh was chosen, and held the office until the system was abol-\\nished.\\nCounty Judge. In 1851-55, Silas Osborn was elected 1857, Joseph H.\\nFlint. Judge Flint was legislated out of office in 1861, when the Board of\\nSupervisors came into power.\\nSupervisors. Under the system of 1861, the following men were elected\\nWilliam Cloyd, Thomas Bedwell, George Gillaspy, G. F. Myers, A. Major,\\nJ. C. Hinsey, William Knight, Silas Osborn, W. C. Mclntire, L. Rose, George\\nNeville, Aaron Harlan, Moses C. Israel, Peter Knox.\\n1862\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thomas Bedwell, William Cloyd, Martin Dickens, J. C. Hinsey,\\nPeter Knox, William Knight, G. F. Myers, George Neville, Silas Osborn,\\nL. Rose, J. Y. Simpson, G. VV. Draper, M. C Israel, Moses Fairburn.\\n1863\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A. H. Rutin, C. S. Carwile, Martin Dickens, T. Bedwell, George\\nNeville, Silas Osborn, William Cloyd, J. C Hinsey, P. Knox, L. A. Myers,\\nH. Reinhard, G. W. Dresser, W. C. Mclntire, J. Y. Simpson.\\n1864\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. Packwood, P. M. Warder, J. M. Hedrick, S. A. Monroe,\\nG. Temple, L. A. Myers, William Cloyd, J. Y. Simpson, C. S. Carwile,\\nH. Reinhard, S. Osborn, A. H. Rutin, G. Neville, M. Welch.\\n1865\u00e2\u0080\u0094 James M. Hull, George Neville, Henry Reinhard, E. C. Myers,\\nD. R. Swope, P. M. Warder, L. A. Myers, J. W. Hedrick, Silas Osborn,\\nS. A. Monroe, William Cloyd, W. H. Dunlap, J. R. Kerfoot, George F. Myers.\\n1866 George Temple, Silas Osborn, J. W. Hedrick, Joseph Myers, Isaac\\nW. Stanley, N. Williams, John H. Carver, E. T. Neville, Charles Barbour,\\nM. S. Godley, George F. Myers, S. A. Monroe, Henry Reinhard, William\\nCloyd.\\n1867 J. W. Hedrick, George Temple, J. H. Carver, William Cloyd,\\nCharles Barbour, John Harlan, William Evans, M. S. Godley, John Wilcox,\\nEdward Neville, Joseph Myers, S. A. Monroe, Henry Reinhard, A. H.\\nButin.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 405\\n1868\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. W. Hedrick, J. D. Ladd, A. Lotspeich, J. H. Carver, E. L.\\nRandel, C. Barbour, H. Reinhard, John Molmuby, E. T. Neville, M. C. Israel,\\nWilliam Cloyd, A. H. Butin, William Evans, R. W. Boyd, John Harlan.\\n1869 A. Lotspeich, William Cloyd, Charles Barbour, John Farlan, H.\\nReinhard, John Molmuby, John Carver, E. L. Randel, R. Hyatt, James D.\\nLance, R. W. Boyd, W. H. Kitterman, William Evans, E. T. Neville, M. C.\\n1870\u00e2\u0080\u0094 0. D. Tesdale, William Cloyd, W. C. Reynolds, R. Hyatt, G. A.\\nDerley, G. W. Dickens, R. W. Boyd, W. H. Kitterman, William Evans, S. A.\\nMonroe, E. T. Neville, John Harlan, T. Slutz, T. Poster.\\n1871 System changed to Board of three members H. Canfield, H. Rein-\\nhard, T. J. Nelson.\\n1872\u00e2\u0080\u0094 H. Canfield, H. Reinhard, T. J. Nelson.\\n1873\u00e2\u0080\u0094 H. Reinhard, D. H. Michael, T. J. Nelson.\\n1874\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. McCullough, D. H. Michael, T. J. Nelson.\\n1875\u00e2\u0080\u0094 D. H. Michxel, S. McCullough, S. M. Wright.\\n1876\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. McCullough, S. M. Wright, D. H. Michael.\\n1877\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. M. Wright, D. H. Michael, John Postlewaite.\\n1878\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Postlewaite, G. W. Fair, D. L. Hardy.\\nAS /imJ.\u00e2\u0080\u00941847, Joseph Hayne; 1849, Duane F. Gavlord 1853, D. H.\\nMichael 1855, William H. Williams 1857, William LeWis, Jr.; 1859, L. E.\\nGray. A. M. Bonnifield served during a portion of the last term for which\\nMr. Gray was elected, owing to Mr. Gray s resignation. 1865, George A.\\nDerby; 1867, Thomas Bedwell 1869, Samuel A. Swiggett; 1873, T. P.\\nSpillman 1877, D. W. Stewart.\\nTreasurer and Collector. 1844, Thomas Foster 1845, Charles Overman\\n1846, William G. Ross 1847, J. Leighton 1851, James Pumroy 1855,\\nPeter Knox 1857, William J. Ross 1862, Joseph Hayne 1867, William J.\\nRoss 1869, Alfred Lotspeich 1873, William H. H. Asbury 1877, W. L\\nPoag.\\nEecorder.\u00e2\u0080\u009418U, M. J. Spurlock 1845, Charles Overman 1846, Will-\\niam G. Ross; 1847, Joseph Leighton; 1851, James Pumioy; 1855, Peter\\nKnox; 1857, William J. Ross; 1862, Joseph Hayne; 1866, Daniel W.\\nTower; 1872, Wade Kirkpatrick.\\nUntil 1866, this office was connected with that of Treasurer and Collector.\\nJudge of Probate.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ISU, Paul C. Jeffries 1846, G. B. Savery (this\\nJudge could have held office but a short time, for in 1846, we find that James\\nWeir was also Judge) 1848, James Baker; 1849, D. M. C. Lane; 1850,\\nGeorge May. After 1851, this office was known as a part of the County Judge\\nsystem, a plan which obtained after the abolishment of the business office of\\nCounty Judge in 1861, and until the establishmeut of the Circuit Court, in\\n1869, when the Probate business passed under the jurisdiction of the Circuit\\nJudge. After Silas Osborn and Joseph H. Flint, in 1865, came James S.\\nPorter, until 1869.\\nAuditor. 1869, office created, George D. Hackworth 1873, William H.\\nCaldwell 1875, M. B. Myers.\\nProsecuting Attorney. 1846, H. B. Hendershott 1848, William H.\\nBrumfield; 1852, James Baker; 1854, Thomas Bigham. In 1858, the office was\\nchanged to District Prosecutor. The above list is complete as far as it goes, but\\nwe may have omitted one or two names. No records can be found to aid us.\\nClerk of the District Court.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 IM^, H. B. Hendershott 1846, John W.\\nRoss 1848, Thomas G. Given 1852, Joseph Hayne 1856, Joseph Camp-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nbell 1858, Joseph Hayne 1860, Hugh Brown 1864, L. M. Godley 1878,\\nW. 0. Thompson.\\nSurveyor. 1844, William Dewey 1849, George D. Hackworth 1851,\\nJoel B. Myers 1853, Thomas Fowler 1855, Walter Clement 1859, Thomas\\nFowler; 1861, W. M. Clark; 1865, John Grant; 1868, George D. Hack-\\nworth 1870, John D. Baker 1872, L. D. McGlashon.\\nCoroner. 1849, A. George 1851, Alexander Brown; 1853, Grriggs\\n1855, William E. Goe 1859, C. G. Packard 1861, J. G. Porter 1865, A.\\nL. Chamberlain 1869, J. C. Hinsey 1873, E. L. Lathrop 1877, A. C.\\nOlney.\\nSuperintendent of Schools. 1859, George D. Hackworth 1865, B. A.\\nSpaulding; 1867, S. L. Burnham 1869, Henry C. Cox; 1871, K M. Ives;\\n1873, Clay Wood 1877, W. A. Mclntire.\\nLEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION.\\nIn October, 1844, the first Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City.\\nWapello County was represented by William H. Galbraith and William W.\\nChapman. The Territorial Legislature, Seventh Assembly, met at the same\\nplace in May, 1845. William G. Coop represented Jefferson, Wapello and\\nKishkekosh Counties in the Senate, and Reuben R. Harper in the House.\\nThe Eighth Assembly met in December, 1845. Mr. Coop was then Senator,\\nand Joseph Fink Representative. The second Constitutional Convention met\\nMay 4, 1846. Wapello was represented by Joseph H. Hedrick.\\nThe State of Iowa was organized in 1846. The first State Assembly met at\\nIowa City, November 30. Since that time the county of Wapello has been\\nrepresented as follows\\nSenate Wapello and Monroe Counties 1846, James Davis; 1848, Barney\\nRoyston 1850, Wapello, Monroe and Lucas Henry B. Hendershott 1852,\\nWapello, John W. Hedrick Wapello, Monroe, Lucas and Clarke, Henry B.\\nHendershott; 1854, Wapello, James C. Ramsey; Wapello, Monroe, Lucas and\\nClarke, Daniel Anderson 1856, Wapello, James C. Ramsey 1858-60, John\\nA. Johnson 1862-64, J. W. Dixon 1866, Edward H. Stiles 1868-70,\\nAugustus H. Hamilton 1872-74-76, J. H. Merrill 1878, G. A. Madson.\\nffouse\u00e2\u0080\u0094lS46, Wapello, A. B. Comstock; 1848, Joseph H. Flint; 1850, Jo-\\nseph H. Flint and Andrew Major; 1852, Wapello, Robert Coles, James C. Ram-\\nsey; Wapello, Monroe, Lucas and Clarke, Henry Allen 1854, Wapello, Samuel\\nK.Cramer, Nimrod Boston; Wapello and Keokuk, Cyrus Franklin; 1856, Wapello,\\nCyrus Franklin, S. G. Finney Wapello and Keokuk, M. F. Bottorf 1858, Will-\\niam Campbell, William McCormick 1860, J. C. Mitchell, James Doggett; 1862,\\nJoseph H. Flint, T. D. McClothlen 1864, Peter Knox, Edward H. Stiles\\n1866, Peter Knox, Charles Dudley 1868, Samuel T. Caldwell, Charles Dud-\\nley 1870, Charles Dudley, John H. Carver 1872, John H. Carver, Samuel\\nT. Caldwell 1874, J. W. Dixon, Jacob Liberall 1876, J. W. Dixon, G. A.\\nMadson 1878, W. A. Fast, J. A. Israel.\\nThe third Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City January 19, 1857.\\nWapello was represented by George Gillaspy.\\nThe Judicial Districts. Under the State Constitution of 1846, the Third\\nDistrict was composed of the counties of Appanoose, Davis, Jefferson, Keokuk,\\nMahaska, Marion, Monroe, Van Buren and Wapello, and the counties west\\nof the counties of Marion, Monroe and Appanoose, or the unorganized terri-\\ntory to the Missouri River. In 1849, the new Fifth District took the counties\\nof Appanoose, Marion and Monroe, and western territory. Mahaska County", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 407\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was detached December 19, 1856, and attached to Eleventh District. In 1858,\\nwhen abolished, this District comprised Davis, Jefferson, Van Buren and\\nWapello Counties. The original Third was created February 17, 1847. The\\nJudges were:\\nCyrus Olney, Jefferson County elected April 2, 1847 commissioned\\nDecember 7 resigned March 15, 1851. Judge Olney was subsequently on\\nthe Supreme Bench of California.\\nJoseph C. Knapp, Van Buren County appointed by the Governor, March\\n15, 1851.\\nWilliam H. Seevers, Mahaska County elected April 5, 1852 qualified\\nMay 7 resigned and successor appointed January 10. 1856. Now one of the\\nSupreme Judges of this State.\\nCaleb Baldwin, Jefferson County appointed January 10, 1856. Subse-\\nquently one of the Supreme Judges of this State.\\nHenry B. Hendershott, Wapello County elected April 7, 1856 qualified\\nMay 14 legislated out of office when the District Avas abolished, in March,\\n1858, act taking effect July 4, 1858, under Constitution of 1857.\\nThe present division is known as the Second District, and is composed of\\nthe counties of Appanoose, Davis, Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren, Wapello and\\nWayne. The Judges have been:\\nJohn S. Townsend, Monroe County; elected October 12, 1858.\\nHenry H. Trimble, Davis County elected October 14, 1862.\\nHarvey Tannehill, Appanoose County elected October 9, 1866.\\nMorris J. Williams, Wapello County elected October, 1870.\\nJ. C. Knapp, Van Buren County elected October, 1874.\\nE. L. Burton, Wapello County elected October, 1878.\\nThe District Attorneys have been\\nAmos Harris, Appanoose County elected October 12, 1858 re-elected\\nOctober 14, 1862.\\nJames B. Weaver, Davis County elected October 9, 1866.\\nM. H. Jones, Davis County elected October, 1870.\\nT. M. Fee, Appanoose County elected October, 1874.\\nR. B. Townsend, Monroe County elected October, 1878.\\nIn 1869, the business of the Court was so great that a new Court was cre-\\nated, called the Circuit Court. The District is composed in this case, of the\\nsame territory as the District Court. Judge Robert Sloan, of Keosauqua,\\nVan Buren County, has filled the Bench since the organization of the circuit.\\nMATERIAL GROWTH AND PROSPERITY.\\nIn a State which might be made the granary of the nation, and which has\\nthe capacity of producing breadstuffs sufficient to feed the people of the United\\nStates, if a system of cultivation equivalent to that of many of the countries\\nof Europe were to be inaugurated, one unconsciously falls into the habit of\\naccepting marvels in the form of development with a sang froid which none\\nbut Americans can exhibit. An invention which is destined to revolutionize\\nmethods and expand capabilities in almost an infinite degree, produce a momen-\\ntary ripple on the surface of society, and then is accepted with a practical esti-\\nmate of its applicability to the machinery already employed.\\nIn no quarter of the inhabited globe is this spirit of progressiveness more\\nmanifest than here in Iowa. We are willing to go even further than that, and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nhonestly affirm, after a careful investigation into the characteristics of the people\\nof this State, which the work of preparing a detailed history peculiarly enables\\nus to prosecute, that no section of Iowa evinces a more marked air of energy\\nthan does the rich county of Wapello.\\nWapello is rich in the profoundest sense of the term rich in mineral stores,\\nrich in agricultural capabilities, rich in its vast water-power, rich in the spirit\\nof Western energy and push^ Avhich permeates every avenue of trade throughout\\nthe length and breadth of its broad acres. Without the hand and brain of man\\nto develop the stores of wealth which lie hidden beneath the soil or which are\\ninnate in the sod itself, no good could possibly result to this community but\\nthe casual observer can perceive that the dominant spirit of improvement is the\\nmotor which will impart an irresistible impetus to the material growth of this\\nfertile valley.\\nLocated in the heart of the richest coal district in the West, and capable of\\nmarketing a fuel but little below the value of that produced from the mines east\\nof the Alleghanies, Wapello would be a desirable region for manufactures, were\\nthere no other inducements offered. But coupled with that advantage is the\\nstill more noticeable one of its immense water-power. The grandest river of\\nthe State flows, with ceaseless tide, by the feet of its capital, with an energy\\nwhich seems to practical minds a protest against the inactivity of man toward\\nthe utilization of the power it constantly expends.\\nWith a gigahtic water force, with a limitless mine of inexpensive fuel, what\\nother natural advantages are needed to make this one of the most profitable\\nplaces for the establishment of factories Simply the productiveness of the\\nsoil. I^ there can be harvested large crops of staples, then the question is\\nanswered affirmatively whether it will pay to invest capital in the erection of\\nmills. This can never be a successful iron or wood manufacturing country, be-\\ncause the mines and lands produce no staples of that character but it can be\\nmade a point for the manufacture of oats, corn, potatoes, flax and other crops\\ninto articles of commerce.\\nA glance at the agricultural statistics of the county will substantiate that\\nassertion. In 185G, which was twelve years after the settlement of the county,\\nthe census returns showed 60,973 acres of land under improvement, and 95,-\\n696 unimproved acres. Of the cultivated acreage, 5,095 acres were meadow\\n6,918 acres into spring wheat, from which 52,628 bushels were harvested\\n1,544 acres winter wheat, with a yield of 10,130 bushels 7,741 acres of oats,\\n194,338 bushels of yield 27,119 acres of corn, 1,388,825 bushels of yield\\n308 acres of potatoes, 42,071 bushels of yield; 24,802 hogs sold, valued at\\n$176,654 4,436 head of cattle, valued at $86,842 while of dairy prodncts\\nthere were 146,194 pounds of butter, 8,515 pounds of cheese and 25,485\\npounds of wool.\\nTen years later, 1866, the total wheat crop amounted to 56,461 bushels of\\nspring, and 53,736 bushels of winter wheat, from an acreage of 10,507, nearly\\nequally divided. The region was not regarded as a wheat-gi owing country,\\ncompared with some other localities. From 7,740 acres there were harvested\\n210.203 bushels of oats from 47,060 acres, there were gathered 1,289,370\\nbushels of corn, and from 1,256 acres, 17,000 bushels of rye was secured.\\nMeanwhile, 56| miles of railroad had been completed through the county.\\nThe value of manufactures was $320,675, and 164,381 bushels (80 lbs.) of coal\\nwere raised. The value of farm implements was returned as $162,399.\\nThe last census, 1875, or nine years after the preceding figures were com-\\npiled, showed 150,209 acres of improved land 63,491 unimproved. The num-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 409\\nber of acres actually cultivated was 135,173. There were 157,535 bushels of\\nspring and 16,159 bushels of winter wheat raised from 18,985 acres. The\\nyear was not a favorable one for wheat in this region. From 57,000 acres,\\n2,143,791 bushels of corn were secured, and from 11,570 acres, 293,590 bush-\\nels of oats were harvested. There were 59,694 hogs sold for slaughter, and\\n63,225 pounds of wool clipped.\\nThe manufacturing establishments are referred to in detail in the sketches\\nof Ottumwa and other towns, and need not be specially mentioned here. It is\\nshown that the enterprising men of the West are awake to the advantages of\\nutilizing the crude products of this entire section, not merely of Wapello\\nCounty, and thereby save freights to the seaboard or general markets. Pork-\\npacking, oatmeal, starch, flaxseed and other factories are already makint^\\nOttumwa a depot of purchase, and benefiting the whole county.\\nWherewith is given an abstract of the property assessment in 1878\\nABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT OF WAPELLO COUNTY FOR 1878.\\nLands assessed, exclusive of town property, 268,284 acres.\\nValue of farm realty $2,651,163\\nValue of town property\\nOttumwa $1,302,829\\nMarysville 673\\nKirkville 9,385\\nDahlonega 1,836\\nBladensburg 2,399\\nAshland 2,087\\nEldon 36,656\\nEddyville, 99,869\\nOrmanville 339\\nAgency City 64,170\\nChillicothe 8,035\\nPickwick 3,102\\nRichmond 4,211\\nBlaksburg 9,319\\nTotal realty in towns 1,544,910\\nAggregate value of railroad property assessed by Executive Council, in\\ncounty 476,238\\nValue personal property, including horses and cattle 1,627,936\\nTotal value of county ^g 300 247\\nNumber. Value.\\nTattle assessed in county 15,529 $184 900\\nHorses 8,420 271,725\\nMules 782 32,363\\nSheep 8,041 10,006\\nSwine 21,183 62,270\\nTotal value of live stock $56 i 264\\nASSESSED VALUE IN 1870.\\nRealty in towns $1,255,156\\nRealty in farms 2 496 013\\nPersonal 1,843,355\\nTotal $6,593,523\\nSOCIAL STATISTICS.\\nSince the organization of Wapello County, in 1844, the census reports show\\nthe following increase of population. It will be noticed that steady growth has\\nmarked each year. There has been no unhealthy haste, which always induces\\nre-action as in case of fever, but a constant influx of substantial men, drawn", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "410\\nHISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nhither by the solid merit of the region,\\nenumeration\\n1844 2,814\\n1846 4,422\\n1847 5,66C\\n1849 7,255\\n1850... 8,479\\n1851 8,500\\n1852 8,888\\n1854 10,521\\n1856 13,246\\nBelow is given a statement of each\\n1859..\\n1860.\\n1863.,\\n1865.\\n1867.,\\n1869.\\n1870.,\\n1873.\\n1875.,\\n,060\\n518\\n729\\n794\\n,930\\n672\\n340\\n261\\n855\\nSubjoined is a tabular statement of the population of Wapello County, as\\nreturned in the census of 1875. This is given, not as a representation of the\\npresent size of the towns, or of Ottumwa, but for future use as a reference.\\nThe city of Ottumwa has materially increased since 1875.\\nTowns and Cities.\\nPOPULATION.\\nMale.\\nFemale.\\nTotal\\nPopulation.\\nNumber of\\nFamilies.\\nAdams\\nAgency\\nCass\\nCenter\\nColumbia\\nCompetiue...\\nDahlonega...\\nGreen\\nHighland\\nKeokuk\\nPleasant\\nPolk\\nRichland\\nWashington\\nTotal of townships.\\nCity of Ottumwa\\nFirst Ward\\nSecond AVard\\nThird Ward\\nFourth Ward\\nAddition to city..\\nTotal of city.\\n696\\n287\\n386\\n923\\n479\\n467\\n295\\n633\\n492\\n309\\n571\\n524\\n721\\n452\\n625\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0263\\n401\\n869\\n429\\n462\\n290\\n580\\n421\\n266\\n553\\n474\\n676\\n446\\n14\\n3\\n14\\n1389\\n484\\n751\\n622\\n563\\n1037\\n487\\n611\\n711\\n577\\n112\\n49\\n41\\n32\\n35\\n1821\\n564\\n787\\n1795\\n908\\n929\\n589\\n1215\\n913\\n577\\n1124\\n998\\n1411\\n898\\n14029\\n2538\\n1020\\n1403\\n1365\\n1175\\n7501\\n225\\n117\\n131\\n568\\n163\\n173\\n118\\n219\\n169\\n104\\n216\\n192\\n273\\n163\\n2831\\n393\\n182\\n179\\n274\\n1028\\nEddyville\\nFirst Ward....\\nSecond Ward.\\n354\\n270\\n363\\n255\\nTotal of town.\\n717\\n533\\n1250\\n150\\n110\\n260\\nAgency City.\\nEldon\\n330\\n217\\nTotal of county.\\n12215\\n327\\n209\\n11332\\n318\\n658\\n427\\n23865\\n148\\n4365\\nTHE DAIRY BUSINESS.\\nThis chapter will be far more suggestive and prophetic than historic, and\\nmight be introduced into some current publication with more propriety, perhaps,\\nthan into the pages of a work of permanent value. But we give place to this\\narticle for the sake of the prediction implied or expressed.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY. 411\\nAt the present time, one of the greatest industries within the reach of the\\npeople is ahnost untouched. The region is designed by nature for a dairy\\ncountry. There is an abundance of everything needed in a crude state to intro-\\nduce and conduct this important business. But in spite of all the advantages\\nof soil, water and climate, there have been but two or three attempts to carry on\\ndairying here, and those, for obvious reasons, proved only moderately suc-\\ncessful.\\nIn the first place, let us consider the question in a practical manner, and\\njudge by the prosperity of other localities whether Wapello County can safely\\ninvest in the manufacture of butter and cheese.\\nWhat are the primary requisites in the case First, a fertile soil, which\\nwill produce a perennial sod, from which hay can be cut for winter use, and\\nalso which will furnish proper green pasturage during the outdoor feeding\\nseason. Second, a soil and climate which will produce corn and small grains,\\nartichokes, pease, etc. Third, good water, and a cheap and abundant ice\\ncrop.\\nThese may be regarded as the fundamental conditions necessary to the\\neconomic manufacture of dairy products. There are others which may be sug-\\ngested to the minds of practical dairymen, but surely these are the first and\\nmost important points to be considered. Has Wapello County these advan-\\ntages Yes. There is no longer a doubt as to the quality and durability of\\nher sod the abundance and richness of her grasses, of her hay crop. She has\\na climate between that of Minnesota and Kansas an intermediate grade which\\nenables her to raise luxuriant corn, and at the same time reap rich harvests of\\nsmall grains. It may be said that no country surpasses this for diversity and\\nquantity of yield of crops. Others are better exclusive corn regions or wheat\\nregions, but none combine wheat, oats, corn and the small grains in the same\\ndegree. Therefore, we say that this county is adapted by natural productive-\\nness for dairying.\\nCan cattle thrive here Yes. A grade of common stock crossed with\\nblood of pure strain, are hearty, strong in flesh and rich milkers. We doubt if\\npure bloods do as well as coarser textures but mixed stock is suited to the\\nclimate in admirable degree.\\nIs the water and ice supply ample Yes. In quality and quantity there\\nis sufficient water to warrant the erection of many creameries in the county.\\nIf these statements are true, why is it that so few good butter makers are\\nfound in the county We are not speaking of private dairying, but of the\\nintroduction of skilled men and approved machinery. Private butter making\\nhas no more comparison to creamery business than hand spinning has to the\\npower loom.\\nIn 1866, this county produced 285,980 pounds of butter and 4,682 pounds\\nof cheese; and in 1874, 469,887 pounds of butter and 2,222 pounds of cheese.\\nThis exhibit shows that no systematic attention is paid to the Avork, but that the\\nnatural increase forces people into a greater production. At the same time,\\nthe quality ranks only as grease in the Eastern market, except in the few\\nrare cases of choice butter-makers among the farmers wives. This is not\\nintended as a reflection upon the women of the county, for it is true that the\\nfault lies fully as much at the men s door as theirs. The men have not pre-\\npared suitable places in which to make and preserve the butter that is made,\\nand, consequently, the most careful products deteriorate because of lack of ice\\nand dairy-rooms. We do not blame the women for not working with better\\nheart, under such circumstances. Dairying is laborious in the extreme and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "412 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nscarcely worth the time expended on it, if the butter so made is salable only\\nat third rate or as grease.\\nThis article is designed to benefit both men and women. It is intended to point\\nout a way by which the men can effect a revenue 365 days in the year, instead of\\nhaving two seasons of hurry and distraction and then an idle time, so far as pro-\\nduction goes and it is also intended to indicate this desirable improvement in\\na way to relieve the hard-worked women of a portion of their task.\\nAs we have said, the present system of farming furnishes a time of bustle\\nand expense at seeding season, and another when harvest approaches.- The\\nprofit rests almost entirely upon the result of one crop. If wheat runs light,\\nthe net result of all that year s labor is most discouraging. Between harvest and\\nharvest there is work enough to do, but it does not bring in money. The farmer\\nfeels depressed over the hazard of his main crop, and loses half the comfort of\\nliving.\\nSuppose the system is slightly changed. The farmer increases his past-\\nurage and meadow lands, and puts more stock on his farm. He hires men to\\nmilk his cows, and twice a day places 300 to 500 pounds of milk on the plat-\\nform near his barns. The teamster employed in the neighborhood drives by\\nand carries the milk to the creamery, a mile or two distant. When he returns\\nhe deposits the cans filled with buttermilk on the platform, and the men care\\nfor them.\\nThus, day after day, an income is derived from the herd. The labor on\\nthe farm is not increased, for men perform the work that once so dragged upon\\nthe mothers and daughters.\\nThe milk is not the only product of the herd. There is the increase of the\\nstock. In Linn County, one man who milked a herd of sixty crossed breeds,\\ntold the writer that those cows netted him $48 per head, the year before, in\\nmilk and calves, without counting the original herd. They more than paid for\\nthemselves in one year. This is not an isolated case; All over Linn County\\nthe farmers are going into dairying. They milk from ten to seventy-five cows\\neach. Many of them still cling to the common stock, but the more careful\\nfind that the value of calves is greater with better grades, and that the weight\\nand quality of blooded milk is more profitable, while the cost of keeping is but\\nlittle increased.\\nLinn County has been in the creamery business but four years, and most of\\nthe factories have been going but one year; but already there are 6,000 cows\\nmilked for them, or about three-quarters as many as are milked in this entire\\ncounty. We predict that Linn County will use the milk of 50,000 cows before\\nanother century begins.\\nBut Linn is cited merely incidentally. Delaware County holds the prize.\\nFrom the history of Delaware, prepared by the Western Historical Company,\\nwe make the following selection, which explains itself and our motive in using\\nit:\\nAbout twenty years ago, the farmers of Delaware began to turn their\\nattention to the dairy, and gradually the industries of the county have changed,\\nuntil now (1878), it has become one of the leading dairy counties in the State,\\nand the manufacture of butter, cheese and raising pork have been its leading\\nagricultural interests.\\nDelaware butter commands the highest price in Eastern markets. Man-\\nchester has become the great butter market of Iowa, rivaling that of any other\\nState in the Northwest, and immense quantities of the dairy products of the\\ncounty are shipped every week.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 413\\nIn 1858 or 1859, George Acres and Watson Childs, of Delaware Town-\\nship, began the manufacture of cheese, and, in 1862, Mr. Acres was working\\nup the milk of about tnirty cows.\\nIn a public address, delivered last winter, before the Dairymen s Associa-\\ntion, Mr. Childs stated that he was obliged to peddle out his cheese for two or\\nthree years, when he first commenced, and used to realize 8 or 10 cents a\\npound, mainly in trade.\\nAsa C. Bowen, who began cheese making in 1858, just south of the county\\nline, says that while in the mercantile business in Hopkinton, in 1856, he\\nbrought butter to the town from Albany, selling it at 33^ cents a pound, and\\nA. R. Loomis brought butter to Manchester from Marengo, 111., about the same\\ntime. The introduction of the cheese vat, Mr. Bowen says, made the handling\\nof large quantities of milk comparatively easy, and he was among the first to\\nbring the improved plan into use in Iowa.\\nIn June, 1866, the Delaware Cheese Company was organized at Delaware;\\nWm. H. Hefner, President, and K. W. Kingsiey, Secretary. A building was\\nerected there 24x40 feet, two and a half stories, and an experienced cheese\\nmaker from Madison County, N. Y., engaged to take charge of the factory, which\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0commenced operations during the month of June. It continued in opera-\\ntion until about 1872, when it suspended, and the building was converted into\\n.a stable.\\nA cheese factory was established at Almoral in 1870, which had a remu-\\nnerative run until 1875, when cheese making was given up and butter only\\nmanufactured which was kept open but two seasons, but with indifferent suc-\\ncess. Soon after, R. L. and 0. E. Taylor built a cheese factory in Milo Town-\\nship, which was very skillfully managed, but in 1877, cheese making was given\\nrup and butter made instead. It was found that making butter was more profit-\\nable than making cheese, and now comparatively little cheese is manufact-\\nured.\\nThe first stimulus to the butter industry was given by L. A. Loomis, of\\nManchester, who made a contract in 1862 with the Northwestern Packet Com-\\npany to supply its boats with butter. Buying for cash only, although at the\\nlow rate of eight or nine cents a pound, he became master of the situation, and\\nwould take only the best offered. Mr. Loomis bought butter without opposi-\\ntion until 1864, when W. G. Kenyon began to buy, followed in 1867, by Per-\\ncival Ayers, which made competition quite sharp.\\nThe manufacture of butter increased steadily until 1872, when the cream-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ery system was introduced by Mr. John Stewart, and gave the dairy business of\\nthe county a powerful impetus. Mr. Stewart had been dealing in dairy products\\nfor several years, when, in 1872, he built the first creamery or butter factory\\nin the county, and, it is thought, the first in the State, on Spring Branch, near\\nE. Packer s, three or four miles east of Manchester. Here he commenced buy-\\ning milk of the surrounding farmers, and making the cream into butter, according\\nto the most approved method practiced by Eastern dairymen. His business\\nincreased, and the following year he established similar creameries at Yankee\\nSettlement, Forestville, Ward s Corners and other places.\\nA. C. Clark Company started a creamery at Manchester in 1874, and at\\nMason ville in 1875.\\nHaving obtained the first premium for butter for several years at St. Louis,\\nin 1876, Mr. Stewart determined to compete for the golden prize offered at the\\nInternational Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and received the gold\\nmedal for the best butter in the world. His success removed the prejudice", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "414 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nexisting in New York and other Eastern markets against Western, and especiallj\\nIowa, butter, and placed Delaware butter very high in the estimation of dealers\\nand consumers, and the best grades soon commanded a higher price than the best\\nNew York creamery butter.\\nThe award of this medal to Delaware and Iowa was of almost incalculable\\nbenefit to the county and State, and is worth to the farmers of the State many\\nhundred thousand dollars annually. Mr. Stewart is of the opinion that this\\nregion possesses certain peculiarities of climate and soil that give it superiority\\nover other dairy districts.\\nAn association of the dairymen was formed at Manchester, in February,\\n1877, under the name of Northwestern Dairymen s Association, The meet-\\ning continued two days, and much instruction was given and received. John\\nStewart was elected President, and Col. R. M. Littler, of Davenport, was chosen\\nSecretary. The Association met at Manchester in February, 1878, with added\\nnumbers and increased interest.\\nFrom abroad came INIessrs. Folsom, J. N. Reall and Francis D. Moulton.\\nof New York Mr. McGlincey, Secretary of the Dairy Board of Trade. Elgin,\\n111.; and A. Ondesleys, Baltimore. The subjects discussed covered the whole\\nbusiness of dairying, from raising grass to shipping butter and cheese to\\nmarket.\\nMr. L. 0. Stevens furnished a description of the creamery at Almoral,\\nwhich will answer, in a general way, to describe the system pursued\\nThe Almoral Creamery was established in 1876, under the name of The\\nAlmoral Dairymen s Company. It is an incorporated company, with a capital\\nstock not exceeding $10,000. Farmers are the stockholders. Farmers, not\\nstockholders, patronize the institution, receiving for their milk, or rather the\\nbutter product for butter entirely is made at this creamery their pro rata\\nshare of the net sale in market of the butter, deducting all expenses, viz.: rents,\\nice, marketing, commissions, brokerage, etc. The butter is shipped weekly,\\nand, in warm weather, in a refrigerator car, from Manchester to New York.\\nThe Company s works are equal to 500 cows. Our building is thoroughly\\nfitted, with flagstones laid in cement as the groundwork, with all needful tanks,\\nventilation, etc., and with all requisites for stveetness und neatness. We require\\nthe manufacturer of the butter to be scrupulously tidy in all branches of the\\nbusiness, and also all packages of butter to be placed on the track free from\\nall stains and carelessness the milk to be delivered in first-class condition, as\\nrespects neatness in milking and proper care as to cleanliness of cans and\\ncooling of the milk. We propose at this creamery never to make either skim\\nbutter or skim cheese but to ever make the best article possible of cream\\nbutter, and to continue to fight it out, steadily and protractedly, on that\\nline.\\nWe regard the sour milk returned to the patrons of the creamery worth\\na very large per cent in the raising of calves to replenish the dairy, and young\\nstock hogs. Whey is comparatively valueless, compared with sour milk, and\\nthere exists no substitute for sour milk for calves and pigs. As we run our\\ncreamery, we find it profitable, and are contented to run it in our (the farmers\\nbest interest.\\nThere are now in successful operation in the county thirty-three creamer-\\nies. The production for 1877 was largely in excess of any previous year, and\\nthe value of butter and cheese shipped was not far from half a million of dollars.\\nOver twelve hundred thousand pounds of butter were sent from Manchester.\\nThe product is shipped in refrigerator cars twice a week, and most of it goes to-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY. 415\\nNew York. Manufacturers estimate that the dairy product of the county for\\n1878 will be materially greater than in 1877. Mr. Stewart thinks the ship-\\nments of butter for Manchester alone, this year, will reach the enormous quan-\\ntity of 1,500,000 pounds.\\nSWINE CULTURE.\\nA controlling factor in the question of profitable dairying is the raising\\nof hogs. If the products of a region are not suited to the growth of swine,\\nthe scheme might better be abandoned before much money is wasted in experi-\\nment. Here the advantages of the climate stand out bold and enticing. The\\ncultivation of the cereals necessary to hog culture is one of the established\\nfacts. Corn, Brazilian artichokes, pease, and all vegetables roots or grains\\nneeded by the hog-raiser, here grow in great abundance and with certainty of\\nyield.\\nThere is a feature of this business that has not been sufficiently enlarged\\nupon, as yet, by the agriculturists of Wapello County. Attention has not been\\nbestowed upon the breed of hogs raised, nor has the subject been considered in\\na scientific manner. Farming, hog-raising and dairying are as susceptible of\\nscientific analysis as are any of the several branches of trade and industry.\\nFixed laws govern them, and these rules cannot be deviated from one iota with-\\nout hazard to the enterprise.\\nFor example, if a farmer insists that coarse stock will breed as well and sell\\nas readily as fine strains if he insists that care is not required to fatten pork\\nand place it in marketable condition, he will surely find that his neighbor, who\\ndiffers from him in theory and practice, wins the prize away from him in every case.\\nThe statistics show that, in 1866, there were 36,441 hogs of all ages\\nreturned in the county but the grades are not named. In 1874, the total\\nnumber shown was 48,709, of which but 907 were Berkshire and 2,836 were\\nPoland-Chinas. Less than 8 per cent of the entire hog -crop was blooded;\\nwhile the long-nosed, thin-flanked animal was pushed upon the market, bring-\\ning less in price per pound and a less number of pounds in weight than better\\nanimals Avould have done with the same care and feeding. Ottumwa will soon\\nbe one of the great hog markets of the State, and it will pay farmers to give\\ncloser attention to this branch of farming.\\nThere is no animal so exceedingly sensitive to climatic changes as a hog.\\nThe best of care should be bestowed upon it. Bushes or low sheds should be\\nfurnished for protection against sharp winds or scorching sun, while stagnant\\npools are as injurious to a hog as they are to a man. Pens should be kept dry\\nand clean, deodorized and disinfected several times each week by the use of\\ncarbolic acid and water. The too prevalent typhoid fever, which infects the\\nair and the wells of so many farm homes, arises from the filthy sty or the un-\\ncared for barn-yard,\\nMan and animal alike demand cleanliness, or disease will surely follow the\\nviolation of natural laws.\\nSHEEP CULTURE.\\nAlthough the culture of sheep does not properly belong to this chapter, we\\nintroduceit here in order that our prediction may be comprehensive.\\nThis is a grand region for sheep, when the proper grades are decided upon\\nand necessary preparations made. The flock numbered only 18,790 in 1874,\\nbut the farmers are becoming satisfied that there is money in sheep-raising.\\nThe best informed men agree with this statement. The wool clip in 1874,,\\nwas 62,225 pounds.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "416 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nAt present, there is little or nothing done in the way of sheep, but the\\nproduct will be greatly increased during the next decade.\\nA PREDICTION.\\nOn the strength of the reasonings briefly outlined herein, we feel safe in\\nprophesying that Wapello County is destined to become one of the richest and\\nmost profitable dairying regions in the State, and that it will become noted for\\nthe excellence and size of its flocks and herds.\\nThat it is destined to become one of the greatest hog-raising counties of the\\nState.\\nThat it is destined to become one of the most noted sheep-growing regions\\nof the State.\\nThe county is new, and men have not determined what branches of industry\\nto pursue but nature will settle the problem for them, and bear us out in\\nour assertions. The historian who takes up our work fifty years from to-\\nday will refer to this prediction, and admit that it was based on solid calcu-\\nlation.\\nFRUIT CULTURE.\\nThe first obstacle in the way of successful fruit-growing here is an igno-\\nrance of the varieties which can be grown in this climate. This difiiculty can\\nbe obviated only by careful and intelligent experiment.\\nWhen the pioneers first settled on the prairies of Wapello County, they\\ngave neither thought nor labor to the planting of fruit-trees. The wild crab-\\napple, the wild grape and the prolific small fruits which filled wood and marsh,\\nwere sufficient to satisfy taste for variety of diet.\\nIt was several years before trees were set out in any numbers, and then a\\nmajority of the farmers merely stuck small trees into the ground, and expected\\nthat the marvelous stories told by traveling venders would prove true, without\\ncare on the part of the farmer.\\nThe result of such orcharding was naturally very discouraging. If the\\ntrees were not killed during the first Winter, they were so stunted by trans-\\nplanting in unsuitable soil and climate that years of patient nursing alone could\\nsave them or make them profitable. As no such attention was given them,\\nthey struggled into a blighted life and proved barren.\\nIn 1866, there were 25,627 fruit trees in bearing, while 79,940 were un-\\nproductive. Only 13,413 pounds of grapes were gathered in all the county.\\nThis was at a time when the fruit crop should have been abundant, but the\\ncauses assigned were too powerful to be overcome by a mere desire on the part\\nof the farmers.\\nIn 1875, there were 53,268 apple-trees, 12,077 cherry-trees, 832 plum-\\ntrees, 1,032 pear-trees and 6,098 other varieties of fruits, all in bearing. The\\nnumber of trees not in bearing aggregated only 106,321, and these included\\nyoung orchards.\\nThese figures show that fruit can be raised here. In most parts of the\\ncounty, apples will eventually become an excellent crop but the prize can be\\nwon only by skillful management.\\nA farmer would not think of using an unknown variety of wheat for seed,\\nor a new kind of corn for planting, and then expect to reap a full harvest with-\\nout proper cultivation of the soil. Why, then, should he expect to grow fruit\\nfrom unknown trees, without even watching them, to protect them in their early\\nstages from weather and insects", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 417\\nThe best orchards in the county are those which receive the best care. In\\nfive years time, thrifty yield of fruit may be taken from trees which are\\nthree or four years old when planted, if prudent selections of varieties are\\nmade.\\nLet those who wish to have good orchards, first visit the fruit farms of\\nexperienced men, and from them learn what to do. Then let the instructions\\nso received be followed to the letter and within a decade this county will be\\nfamous for its fruits, especially for its apples.\\nTHE ECLIPSE OF 1869.\\nEvery inhabitant of Wapello County, save those deprived by misfortune of\\nsight, had ample opportunity to observe the startling phenomena attending the\\ntotal eclipse of the sun on the afternoon of August 7, 1869, the whole of the\\ncounty being within the line of the totality, or within the belt 156 miles in\\nbreadth in which the body of the moon completely hid the sun from view. In\\nthe absence of any local description of the sublime spectacle, recourse is had to\\nan account written by the well-known astronomer and graphic writer, E.\\nColbert, who was one of the observers from the station at Des Moines. Noth-\\ning was specially noticeable during the encroaching motion of the moon, until\\nonly a slender crescent of sunlight remained, except a diminution of light,\\ngiving a pallid cast to objects in the far horizon. When the disk of the sun\\nwas almost covered and the light began to diminish sensibly, a chilliness crept\\ninto the air, not like the coolness of a summer evening, but like the biting\\nfingers of a winter storm. This reduction in temperature was almost awful in\\nits swift approach. Birds and domestic fowls sought their roosts, dogs and\\nhorses m;)nifested much uneasiness and in some instances positive terror, an i\\neven cattle huddled together in fear at the swiftly approaching dark-\\nness.\\nThe corona, as viewed through an excellent glass, was remarkably different\\nfrom all preconceived notions on the subject, and from all previous descriptions,\\nboth in size and shape. It has always been represented as nearly annular (ring\\nformed), of about equal breadth all the way round the edge of the moon, and\\nnot more than one-tenth of her apparent diameter. The corona of the 7th was\\nexceedingly irregular in its outline, and in some places projected to a distance\\nfully half the apparent diameter of the moon, or nearly 500,000 miles. The\\ngreatest length was almost identical with the direction of the moon s path across\\nthe face of the sun, which very nearly coincided with the plane of the ecliptic.\\nFrom the east side a mass of light shot out to a distance of five or six digits\\nit was about thirty degrees wide at the base, and shaped nearly like the remote\\nhalf of a silver-poplar leaf. Near the moon it shone with an almost uniform\\nwhite light, but within a short space it broke up into brilliant rays, almost\\nparallel with each other, and all pointing nearly toward the center. Still\\nfurther out, these rays assumed more of a streaky character, seeming to lie\\nagainst a darker background, and toward the summit they faded away into a\\nmore diffused and milder light, though still distinct and bright. Near the ex-\\ntremity it appeared more like a cumulus cloud, but the central direction of the\\nrays was plainly visible. It melted away into the azure background almost\\nimperceptibly, but the outline was perfect, except at the very extremity of the\\nleaf-shaped mass. On the other side of the disk was a corresponding tongue,\\nbut less regular, and extending only about two-thirds as far into the void. This\\nportion was more brilliant near the base than its counterpart, and was sharply\\ndefined at the very extremity, the rays blending so thickly that it required a", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "418 HISTORY OF WAPELLO C0UNT7.\\nSteady gaze to separate them. The extent of this portion was about 285,000\\nmiles. One observer saw the light reflected from the moon s edge at a distance\\nof 54,000 miles from the sun s body, while the light was reflected from, the\\nother edge at a distance of 74,000 miles. The total width of the corona was\\nabout 1,600,000 miles.\\nThe broadest mass of covered light was visible on the left (in the southwest\\nquarter). This sprung from an arc of about fifty degrees on the moon s circum-\\nference to a height of three digits, or 234,000 miles. This mass was more dif-\\nfused than either of the others, and separated near the extremity into narrow\\nleaflets of light, something like the flame from a thinly spread bed of coals,\\nonly there was no red, the light being pure white, with a faint coruscation.\\nOpposite to this, on the right, was another leaf-spread mass of four digits\\nin height, on a basis of twenty to twenty-five degrees, and like a parabola in\\ngeneral outline, which was, however, broken up on the outer side into jets.\\nAnother broad sheet sprung up on the northeast, toward the zenitti, nearly\\nrectangular in shape, and three to four digits high, the upper third part being\\ndivided irregularly into tongues of light, formed by assemblages of rays.\\nBetween these large masses the circumference of the lunar orb was filled up by\\nradiate lines of brilliant light, extending on an average a digit and a half in\\nheight, or 125,000 miles from the sun s surface. It was noticeable that this\\ncontinuous band was the narrowest on the lower left-hand side (southwest by\\nsouth), averaging about two-thirds of the width elsewhere, and was badly\\nbroken on its entire outline, as if the regularity were interfered with by the\\naction of the string of bead-like protuberances jutting up through the interior\\nportion of its volume.\\nThe full amount of this irregularity was not perceptible with the naked eye,\\nbut the general distribution of long and short rays was the same. To the\\nnaided vision the narrower portions of the corona were visible and bright but\\nthe tongue-like extensions faded out into nothingness, whereas the telescope\\ngave a definite outline all around, except at the summit of the first-named pro-\\ntrusion. The apparent color of the protuberances was a pinkish red. The\\ninstant that the last film of light had vanished, leaving the sun in utter\\ndarkness, and simultaneously with the out-flash of the corona, the line of pro-\\ntuberances on the south limb burst into view. Soon after the western edge of\\nthe moon had advanced sufficiently to uncover the protuberances on that side,\\nand the four largest remained distinctly visible till the last glimmer of light\\nwas visible, when they vanished with the corona, leaving the world in the deep\\ndarkness of total eclipse. A moment passed, and those occupying elevated\\npositions could see the shadow of approaching darkness moving toward them\\nswiftly as the ripples are raised on a placid lake by a summer breeze, but\\nawful, intense and terrible fearful as a procession of spirits in the lower circle\\nof the Inferno. A few seconds of expectancy and the light was gone. It\\nwas an interval of absolute silence and of total darkness for the eyes of the\\nobserver had been contracted by the rays of the sun, and needed two or three\\nseconds to dilate sufficiently to distinguish any object whatever. Nothing ter-\\nrestrial could be seen, the darkness was too great but by looking upward the\\nstars could be noticed to creep out, one by one, until over a dozen could be dis-\\ncerned with the naked eye.\\nThe eclipse of 1878, which was about two-thirds at this point, was observed\\nby all who were able to obtain a bit of smoked glass, but was unimportant here\\nin a scientific sense.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 419\\nEDUCATIONAL.\\nWhile the question of how to get a living was the foremost one in the minds\\nof the pioneers, the less direct though none the less important one of how to\\neducate their children was not overlooked. Almost cotemporaneous with their\\nown dwellings, they began the building of such school houses as they could,\\ncrude and primitive in the extreme, for such only would their appliances admit,\\nand put together without regard to externals.\\nThese same pioneer schoolhouses will, in the future, be a theme for the\\nartist quite equal in every way to those supplied by the peasantry in the old\\nworld, with their quaint, simple fashions and unperverted lives. The eye of\\nthe connoisseur delights in those realistic representations of still life the white-\\nhaired old grandfather, whose toil of years has only brought him his cottage\\nand bit of land; the still hard-working gude wife, with bent body and\\nwithered but cheerful old face the next generation just in the prime of labor,\\nrough, uncouth and content to have for recreation a pipe and a mug of ale and\\nthe children, with rosy cheeks and stout limbs, dressed in the veritable costumes\\ntheir grandmothers wore before them. A)id no wonder such a picture pleases\\nand charms the jaded senses of the worn-out worldling. But even that is not\\nmore fresh and unaccustomed than this log shanty, with its one small room, a\\nwindow of but few panes of glass, and possibly a dirt floor and with rough-\\nhewn benches ranged round the walls for seats, over which the pupil made a\\nfine gymnastic flourish whenever he felt it necessary to reach his teacher, with\\nhis forefinger firmly planted on the knotty word or sum that puzzled him.\\nThese are the picturesque features for the artist s pencil. And what learn-\\ning there was, must have been a dangerous thing, for it was certainly\\nlittle; the grading was far from exact; the system was a kind of hit-or-\\nmiss affair; but, nevertheless, it was school, and from the first there was a\\ndeeply rooted prejudice among the Iowa settlers in favor of schools. School\\nfor week-days and a meeting house for Sunday this same little pen of a house\\nserved the two purposes. And could anything except the groves themselves\\nGod s first temples be nearer to nature as a tabernacle than was this, where\\nsome chance circuit preacher would have for his congregation every man, woman\\nand child in the entire settlement. None of those hypercritical listeners\\nthere, you may be sure, who gauge the preacher by his intellectuality,\\nhis magnetism or his culture. It was the Word preached_ welcome,\\npure and life-giving always and not the preacher, which these listeners crowded\\nto hear. If he but had the good Methodist zeal, then he was sure of devout\\nhearers. He did not need to have traveled, except upon his lone circuit\\nover the prairie nor did he feel it necessary to use his pulpit in the interests\\nof politics if he knew his Bible he was qualified nor did his flock feel called\\nup )n to put their hands into their pockets and contribute toward sending their\\nPastor on a Summer vacation to the sea side or to Europe. All these improve-\\nments have come in with better churches and more advanced ways of thinking.\\nThat was the old Avay, and a direct contrast to the new.\\nNow, nothing which the ai chitect s taste can devise is too good for school\\nhouse or for church. Look at the plentitude of tidy, commodious buildings\\nin every county, and not designed for double service, either, but dedicated\\nsolely to the use of the school ma am, who hereabouts is thoroughly skilled in\\nher profession. She has had, aside from such education as her means have en-\\nabled her to obtain, good, practical drill in the normal institutes. She not only", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "420 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nknows her text books, but she knows hoAv to teach. And then, the ingeniously\\ndevised school books, in which every point of information is adjusted to such a\\nnicety that they are rather works of art and books of entertainment than but\\nthe dull means to a desired end.\\nThe little flocks of children who run along the country roads in their bare\\nfeet find sun-bonnets, and chip hats, do not have to squirm and twist their\\nuneasy legs all day over a page in the English reader which they cannot under-\\nstand. They begin their morning s work with a chorus, which puts them all\\nin good humor to start with. Then they come to timed classes, at the tinkle of\\nthe bell they are entertained and diverted as well as instructed at every step.\\nBefore there is any possibility of restlessness, they go through a five-minutes\\nround of calisthenics which puts a wholesome quietus upon their muscles and\\ntheir mischief. Wise play is so mixed with teaching that they never really dis-\\ncover which is which until they find themselves ready to teach school them-\\nselves in turn.\\nThis is the case of the present compared with the labor of the past. And\\nin this way is the generality of education secured. The ways are smoothed,\\nthe tediousness beguiled and the deprivation supplanted by an affluence of aids.\\nIn 1854, Gov. Grimes, in his inaugural message, said The safety and\\nperpetuity of our Republican institutions depend upon the diffusion of intelli-\\ngence among the masses of the people. The statistics of the penitentiaries and\\nalms-houses throughout the country show that education is the best preventive\\nof crime. They show also that the prevention of these evils is much less\\nexpensive than the punishment of the one and the relief of the other.\\nSo, with all our new-fimgled methods, our ornamental, vvell-ventilated and\\nwell-furnished school houses, our accomplished instructors with modern notions,\\nwe are not extravagant. We are simply taking from the expenses of crime and\\npauperism and putting it into enduring and beautiful shape. We are helping\\nto sustain the government by rearing up in every town and in every country\\nneighborhood a generation of enlightened and intelligent people, cosmopolitan\\nin the sense of schools, if not in that wider cosmopolitanism which comes alone\\nfrom actual contact with the great world.\\nThe following statement is compiled from the last annual report of the\\nCounty Superintendent of Schools, C. Wood\\nNumber of districts in township 8\\nNumber of subdii*tricts 50\\nNumber of independent districts 49\\nTotal number of school districts 107\\nNumber of ungraded schools 89\\nNumber of graded schools 10\\nAverage number of months taught 7.30\\nNumber of male teachers 103\\nNumber of female teachers li^l\\nAverage compensation per month, to male teachers \u00e2\u0096\u00a017 20\\nAvei-age compensation per month, to female teachers 30 20\\nNumber of male pupils between 5 and 21 years of age 4,489\\nNumber of female pupils between 5 and 21 years of age 4,355\\nNumber of pupils enrolled 5,009\\nTotal average attendance 3,061\\nAverage cost of tuition for each pupil per month $1 51\\nNumber of frame schoulliouses 85\\nNumber of brick schoolhouses 13\\nNumber of stone schoolhouses 1\\nNumber of log schoolhouses 1\\nTotal value of school buildings $177,930 00\\nTotal value of apparatus 1,499 00\\nNumber of volumes in libraries 70", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 421\\nSCHOOLHOUSE FUND.\\nTotal receipts during the year $16,812 72\\nPaid for schoolhouses arid school sites 12,551 77\\nPaid on bonds and interest 1,482 54\\nAmount on hand 2,528 56\\nCONTINGENT FUND.\\nTotal receipts during the year $20,170 94\\nPaid for repairing schoolhouses 5,748 28\\nPaid for fuel 2,474 26\\nPaid secretaries 405 97\\nPaid treasurers 323 35\\nPaid for records and apparatus 415 17\\nPaid for various purposes 7,844 86\\nAmount on hand 2,959 05\\nTEACH EB s fund.\\nTotal receipts $55,042 86\\nPaid teachers 37.705 35\\nAmount on hand 17,337 51\\nNumber of teachers receiving certificates of first grade 119\\nNumber of teachers receiving certiticates of second grade 53\\nNumber of teachers receiving certificates of third grade 8\\nNumber of certificates granted 185\\nNumber of applicants rejected 15\\nNumber of applicants examined 192\\nAmount received by County Superintendent for services from October\\n1, 1876, to October 1, 1877 1,000 00\\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ITEMS.\\nSome casual items from the earliest newspapers are transcribed, not so much\\nfrom their importance in a general way, as to bring to the mind of the old set-\\ntler a vivid memory of the early days, and to produce for the younger readers the\\nphases of living which a generation ago were actual every-day realities. It is\\nthe little incidents of weather and crops and meetings and projects and improve-\\nments that picture the life in detail, though possibly these occurrences had no\\nvital influence upon any of the destinies involved. It is upon the same princi-\\nple that straAvs show which way the wind blows.\\nIn glancing over the first number of the first paper published in Wapello\\nCounty and which at that time was the farthest west of any paper between\\nthe Atlantic and Pacific coasts the Des Moines Courier, of date August 8,\\n1848, one is obliged to confess to a sense of disappointment. In a new coun-\\ntry, with appliances and conveniences only of the primitive sort, and without\\nan established exchange list, it was but natural to look for something amus-\\ningly crude, and to expect to find a zest of the half-civilized in its matter and\\nmake-up. But instead of that we find a paper bearing the stamp of thorough\\nease in its fine arrangement, decided in tone, composed largely of selections, it\\nis true, but those of the best character, and wholly lacking in the savage and unfin-\\nished features which often mark the products of pioneer enterprise. We are ac-\\ncustomed to dwell upon the vast progress in newspapers of late years, but this\\nwould hold its own with any newspaper of its kind to day, and would not be put\\nto the blush, either, for being old fashioned. It begins its existence as an ad-\\nvocate of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore, Avith Jesse Bowen, of\\nJohnson County William II. Wallace, of Henry County Stephen B. Shel-\\nlady, of Mahaska County, and Fitz-Henry Warren, of Des Moines County, for\\nPresidential Electors. It is warm in its championship, and speaks with no un-\\ncertain voice. Gen. Cass is set up as a foil to Old Zach, and he gets a good\\ndrubbing, very much after the fashion of to-day.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "422 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nAn editorial is given to River Improvement, vigorously arguing that a\\nspeedy completion of this work is of the most vital importance to the future\\ngrowth and prosperity of this part of the State. And further, that the\\ntoils of the producing portion of the community, as well as of all others, will\\nbe measurably in vain until this improvement is completed, affording, as it\\nwill, facilities for transporting to market the surplus, and as things are now\\nthe almost worthless productions of the soil and of our work-shops and also\\nputting into successful operation the various kinds of manufactures among us,\\nto employ our surplus hands at good wages, consume our grain, beef, pork,\\nmutton, etc., and pay cash for, and consume all the raw materials produced in\\nthe country. Thus, by getting a good price for our labor, and for all we make\\nto sell, and by making all we wear at home, and keeping our money among our-\\nselves, we will become truly independent, prosperous and happy.\\nYet it was not, after all, the river improvement, but her railroads, that were\\nto make Ottumwa s markets for her.\\nThe Election is then touched upon, and the announcement made that\\nthe whole Whig ticket in this county is defeated by a majority of from fifty-\\nseven to ninety but the editor feels certain that it was done by unfair means,\\nfor, by examining the census returns recently taken in the county, he finds that\\nthere were a great many more votes polled in the county than there were voters\\nin it, and concludes that these must have been imported by the locos from\\nother counties.\\nThe advertisements in this first issue begin with the markets. By the list\\nit is shown that wheat was from 50 to 55 cents per bushel oats, 15 to 16 cents\\ncorn the same; bacon, ham and sides, 3 cents per pound; shoulders, 2 cents;\\nlard, 4:^ to cents, and butter, 7 to 10 cents. Apples were from |1.50 to\\n$2.00 per barrel; eggs, 6 to 7 cents per dozen potatoes, 15 to 20 cents per\\nbushel corn meal, 25 cents, and flour |4.00 per barrel. The first business\\ncard is that of Lane Devin, Attorneys at Law, following which is that of\\nDr. A. T. Alt, who may always be found at the Ottumwa House, unless\\nabsent on professional business. Below this. Dr. Chas. C. Warden tenders\\nhis services professionally to the public. Then, with the picture of a coach,\\nL. C. Nichols announces that he has established a livery stable^ and is prepared\\nwith horses and buggies to carry persons to any part of the State. He also\\nkeeps a four-horse omnibus that will carry fourteen persons, which he will run\\nwhenever occasion requires. S. Richards, by H. P. Graves, advertises\\nsummer goods, which comprise dry goods, groceries, hardware, queens-\\nware, etc., and under the same head are offered, also on hand, a constant\\nsupply of military land warrants, which will be sold on the most reasonable\\nterms. A mortar and pestle heads the announcement of F. W. Taylor, that\\nhe is constantly receiving fresh drugs. He invites physicians to call and\\nexamine his stock of calomel, blue mass, ipecac, opium, quinine, iodine, mor-\\nphine and camphor a list that, of itself, would throw a modern disciple of\\nHahnemann into an ague chill. Added to these, he has in stock indigo, putty,\\npaints, brushes, madder, glass, oils, pure white lead, dye-stuffs, glassware, var-\\nnishes, etc., etc. A. Mudge Co., were the next in order to offer dry goods\\nand groceries, which they do in a third of a column. In their comprehensive\\nlist is to be found rectified whisky b}^ the barrel, at only 20 cents per gallon.\\nThe Farmer s Cheap Store is kept by W. S. Carter Co., where everything\\nfrom sewing-silk to a tin-plate stove, or from a saw-mill saw to pepper sauce is\\noffered to the customer. Carter Co. add to the Farmer s Store a large and\\ncomplete stock of drugs and medicines. Hunter Baldwin ofi er a stock of", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 425\\nsummer and fall goods, and offer tlie highest market price for 10,000 pounds of\\ngood bacon, 5,000 bushels of good wheat, and 500 bushels of good flaxseed.\\nA half-column is given to a patent medicine, Dr. Rogers compound syrup of\\nliverwort and tar for the safe and certain cure of consumption. And the final\\nadvertisement is of a public sale of household goods, live-stock, etc., by\\nDavid Ilall. The fourth page of the paper is made up of selections and of a\\nprospectus of the Courier.\\nIn the second number of the Courier, the leading editorial welcomes home\\nthe returned volunteers from the bloody scenes in Mexico. The proceed-\\nings of the Buffalo Convention, in which Martin Van Buren Avas nominated for\\nPresident and Charles Francis Adams, for Vice President, are given in detail\\nwith editorial comment. The attention of the citizens of Davis, Wapello and\\nKeokuk Counties is called to the importance of petitioning Congress or the\\nPostmaster General for the establishment of a mail route from Bloomfield, in\\nDavis County, via Soap Creek Settlement, Ottumwa and Dahlonega, to Lan-\\ncaster, in Keokuk County. The distance is only about twenty-five miles, but\\noften three days are required to get the mail through, whereas, one day would\\nbe sufficient with this route. In this number is the first published notice of a\\nmarriage and a death the former is by Rev. Mr. Pearce, on Thursday, 10th,\\nMr. Enoch R. Gee to Miss Marga;et Cuppy, both of this county, and the\\nlatter reads In this place, on Thursday, the 10th inst., Estelle, infant\\ndaughter of Mathew and Ann Brewer, aged about four years. Suffer little\\nchildren to come unto me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of\\nheaven. There is a brief letter, also, from Thomas Ping, describing a ter-\\nrible steamboat explosion on the Mississippi, in which thirty lives were lost, and\\nforty persons scalded. The boiler of the steamer Edward Hates, between St.\\nLouis and Keokuk, burst, with that shocking result. We find that even thus\\nearly there was matrimonial unhappiness, for there are three divorce notices in\\nthis issue.\\nIn the issue of the Courier of September 8, 1848, the announcement is\\nmade that the dams and locks on the Des Moines River Improvement have\\nbeen put under contract as far up as Ottumwa. Col. Curtis, the engineer,\\nassured the people that the river was susceptible of improvement of such a\\ncharacter up to this place as to render it navigable for the Upper Missis-\\nsippi steamboats but that, as no survey had been made above this place,\\nhe was unable to state with certainty what the character of the work would\\nbe there, but was of the opinion that it would be improved by canal and side-\\ncuts.\\nMention is made in this number of the damage done to wheat on account of\\nthe wet weather and a great scarcity of barns. The wheat sprouted in the\\nshock, and the editor urges upon farmers the necessity of more commodious\\nbarn accommodations.\\nAn accident is mentioned to a large flatboat belonging to Mr. Long, a\\nmerchant of Eddyville, which struck a rock near Kendrick s Island, and sunk\\nin five feet of water. Mr. Long lost about twelve hundred bushels of wheat\\nby the accident. At about this time, some ten or twelve flatboats were loaded\\nin this county with produce for St. Louis. In this number is an outside\\nitem worthy of preservation. It is a letter from C. Ellet, Jr., published\\nin the Buffalo Courier, bearing date Niagara Falls, July 29, 1848. It\\nsays\\nThis morning, I laid the last plank of uiy foot bridge on tEe Canada side, and then drove\\nover find back again in a buggy. Five hundred feet of the bridge was without railing on either\\nG", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "426 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nside. My horse, though spirited, went along quietly, touched up occasionally with the whip,\\njust to show him that he was in command and give him courage. On returning. I directed one\\nof the drivers to bring on his team a two-horse closed carriage, weighing altogether over a ton\\nand a half. I took his place on the box and drove over and back. The horses went quietly.\\nThe flooring is but 8 feet wide, 220 feet high, 762 feei long, and without railing, over such a\\ntorrent as you never saw, and never will see anywhere else.\\nAt this time, the news from Ireland was decidedly bad. The ship\\nOcean Monarch, between Liverpool and Boston, was burned at sea. Thft\\nSocialists in Paris were disturbing the peace, and there were rumors of a revo-\\nlution broken out in Russia, while the cholera raged horribly. These far-away\\naffairs are etched with most meager outline no amplifications or graphic cor-\\nrespondence. The little town of Ottumwa heard, perched upon her fine bluffs,\\nbut heeded little, since her own busy interests were enough to keep her people s\\nhands and thoughts occupied.\\nThe first growths of vegetables and grains in this new soil produced, as is\\nalmost universally the case, some mammoth specimens of various products. In\\nthe Courier of October 6, 1848, we find record of a cucumber raised by Milton\\nWright, in Washington Township, that measured 17| inches in length and 12^\\nin circumference. Later, a notice is given of a pepper raised by Joseph Harris,\\nwhich measured 10 inches in circumference, and was long in proportion; alsa\\na radish, grown by Joseph Mclntire, which measured 18 inches in circumfer-\\nence and 17 in length. And again, Mr. W. S. Carwile, of Adams Township,\\nexhibited a turnip which measured 2 feet 4 inches in circumference and weighed\\n9 J pounds. Not to be eclipsed, Mr. John A. Newman brought forward, though\\nat a still later period, a tomato which measured 18 inches in circumference and\\nweighed 2 pounds.\\nOn the 27th of October, the Courier makes mention of having received\\nseveral numbers of the Daily Haivk-Eye, and thus compliments it It is a\\ngreat convenience to the country, as it gives the most important news by tele-\\ngraph, which is now extended to Burlington. So it seems the world, thus\\nearly, came with its improvements out into the West. In this same issue we\\nfind that politicians were having great jollifications at barbecues at various\\npoints.\\nThe spring of 1849 brought two exciting topics before the people the\\ndeparture of numbers of young men to California, lured there by the glitter of\\nfabulous amounts of gold and the other, the probable advent of the cholera,\\nwhich was raging in St. Louis, and was reported at Burlington. It was in\\nMay of this year that the fearful destruction of steamboat property occur-\\nred at the docks at St. Louis, where twenty-one steamboats were burned,\\nat a loss of $518,000. The California fever did not reach its height\\nuntil a year later, when so great was the furor for getting away that farms\\nand all sorts of local property could be bought for far less than their actual\\nvalue.\\nIn June, 1849, Mr- Jedediah Scott was drowned in Cedar Creek while\\nattempting to swim it on a horse. The horse, by rearing and plunging,\\nthrew him off, striking him in several places with his fore-feet, causing him\\nto sink.\\nOn the 16th of April, 1850, there was a severe snowstorm, which lasted\\nfor some hours and caused a great deal of surprise, as it was an unusual freak\\nof nature for that time of year. Vegetation was far advanced, and up to that\\ntime the weather had been mild and warm. And on the Slst of May follow-\\ning, a very severe hail and rain storm visited this region, doing a good deal", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY. 427\\nof damage to gardens, and causing the river to rise some four or five feet\\nwithin an astonishingly small space of time.\\nWapello was not exempt from the gold excitement which in 1858\\nextended to a considerable degree through this part of the State. Gold,\\nthat was pronounced the genuine stuff by old Californians, was found\\nin the ravines near Ottumwa and other places, but the epidemic proved\\nto be of a mild character and of short duration. Lead and iron have\\nat various times been found, but it is supposable not in sufficient\\nquantities to justify mining.\\nTHE COAL INTERESTS OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nNot only does Wapello County lie within the rich coal regions of\\nthe State, but Ottumwa is also the headquarters of large concerns man-\\nipulating mines in other counties. There is an inexhaustible supply of\\nfuel at hand, to co-operate with the immense water-power in the Des\\nMoines Valley in making this a most desirable locality for the development of\\nmanufacturing interests.\\nThe largest concern, as shown in the appended report of the County\\nInspector, the Union Coal and Mining Company, has large mines at Avery, on\\nthe line of the C, B. Q. Railroad, about six miles east of Albia, in Monroe\\nCounty.\\nFor many years the pioneers did not dream of the vast mines of wealth\\nwhich rested beneath the surface of the earth. The fertility of the soil was the\\nfirst consideration with them in selecting farms; next, the availability of timber\\nfor building, fencing and fuel. When scientists apprised them of the store-\\nhouses of mineral riches upon which their homes were built, the full value of\\nthe deposit was not understood. Then it was that the superficial strata of\\ncoal were stripped and made to yield a revenue to the owners of the amateur\\nbanks, but inexhaustible beds far under the late deposits were scarcely dreamed\\nof.\\nThe cause of this slow recognition of a now established fact, was the singu-\\nlarity of the primary coal-banks. The order of deposition in Indiana, and\\nother sections of the coal regions, was here reversed. Instead of finding\\nthe coal in highlands, or rich deposit in the hills, the veins were seen\\nto work out and disappear as the higher surfaces of the lands were\\nexplored.\\nIt became apparent to skilled minds that the deposits of coal were in the\\nvalleys, in basins or cups, and were not in uninterrupted layers. Prof.\\nWhite displayed an unusual degree of shrewdness in his researches in the coal\\nregions. He predicted the finding of large amounts of marketable coal by deep\\nmining.\\nIowa coal averages much above the specimens of bituminous coals of Europe,\\nin value. For practical purposes it falls but six per cent below the anthracite\\ncoal of Pennsylvania. As compared with the various products of this State,\\nWapello County furnishes an admirable quality of coal. From Prof. White s\\nGeological Report of Iowa the following valuable table is prepared, showing the\\naverage richness of coal at that time. The development of the industry\\nsince this report Avas made increases the average rate of value instead of lower-\\ning it.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "428\\nHISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nTABLE OF ANALYSES AVERAGES OF COUNTIES.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nMoni oe\\nMarion\\nMahaska\\nWebster\\nWapello\\nWan-en\\nMadison\\nGuthrie\\nJasper\\nAdams\\nDallas\\nBoone\\nGreene\\nHardin\\nPoweshiek...\\nComposition of Undried Coal.\\n4.97 41.\\n5.87 39.\\n4.73,39.\\n12.14137.\\n4.96140.\\n12.27139,\\n6.75,31.\\n12.84 36.\\n4.61 144.\\nIO.35I36.\\n12.83i37.\\n12.37!38,\\n9.92|54.\\n7.92I4I,\\n5.94,38,\\nMean 8.57 39.24 45.42\\n75 89.\\n85 87.\\n25!88.\\nI7I76.\\n90J87.\\n2382.\\n6077.\\n86 81.\\n02j87.\\n07184.\\n13183.\\n5fi 81.\\n31,87.\\n59185,\\n79187.\\nComposition of Dried Coal. Consumption\\n48 53.\\n43 54.\\n07,55.\\nO4I5O.\\n1954.\\n34 47.\\n28,61.\\n8051.\\n7150.\\n60 52.\\n74 49.\\n91,49.\\n92145.\\n4450.\\n9955.\\n25 43.\\n1542.\\n75 41.\\n8342.\\n10 43.\\n77 45.\\n4034.\\n1441.\\n98 46.\\n93^40\\n87J42.\\n4443.\\n6949.\\n41^45.\\n2141.\\n6.77 47.8li84.66;52.19|42.92 49.70\\n16 56.\\n96157.\\n48 58.\\n64 57.\\n76 56.\\n87:54.\\n94,65.\\n88 58.\\n65|53.\\n37I59.\\n07,57.\\n4856.\\n60|50.\\n79I54.\\n44 58,\\n7.38 92.62 57.08 87.25 12.75\\n10.30\\n11.86\\n10.63\\n23.09\\n13.76\\n11.23\\n27.64\\n10.32\\n15.07\\n9.51\\n6.86\\n11.78\\n4.73\\n13.17\\n11.15\\nProf. White adds, in explanation of the table of analyses: With regard to\\nthe practical application of these analyses to the valuation of coals, it is perhaps\\nsufficient to state:\\n1. The value of coal as fuel is inversely proportional to the amount of\\nwater contained in it; that is, the more water it contains, the less is its value.\\nAnd moisture is a damage to the coal, not only because it takes the place of\\nAvhat might otherwise be occupied by combustible matter, but also because it\\nrequires some of the heat generated by the burning of the combustible matter\\nto transform it into steam, and thus to expel it.\\nIt will thus be seen that the presence of large quantities of moisture\\nin coal seriously impairs its value. But in looking over the analysis given,\\nit should be remembered that some of the coals were taken fresh from the\\nmine, others had been kept for some time in a damp room, while others had\\nbeen subjected to the high temperature of a heated room for a considerable\\nlength of time.\\n2. The greater the percentage of ash, the less is the value of the\\ncoal.\\n3. The more fixed carbon which th\u00c2\u00ab coal contains, the greater is its\\nvalue.\\n4. The same holds true with regard to the volatile combustible matter,\\nto a limited extent, the precise limits of which .cannot be determined until we\\nknow the composition of this combustible matter.\\nThe fiirmers and land-owners in various parts of this county do a consider-\\nable business in retailing coal raised from the upper strata. We herewith give\\na copy of the last report made by the County Inspector of Mines, showing the\\namount of coal raised.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 429\\nMINE INSPECTOR S REPORT.\\nMr. F. L. McNair, County Inspector of Mines for Wapello County, made\\nthe following report, January 1, 1878, for the year preceding:\\nNAME OF BANK OPERATED. NO. OF BUSHELS RAISED IN 1877.\\nEakin s 19,000\\nZ. Wood s 8,000\\nJ. Wood s 25,000\\nJohnston s 8,000\\nBennett s 2,000\\nPark s 5,000\\nTirr ell s.... 5,000\\nMarshall s 12,000\\nMcGlothlin s 8,000\\nMcGahan s 15,000\\nDixon s 2,000\\nShepard s 500\\nEnnis 8,000\\nBorvse s 30,000\\nUnion Coal Mining Co. s 608,977\\nPostlewaiie s 582,507\\nTotal raised in county ....1,338,984\\nTHE DAHLONEGA AVAR.\\nOne idea that had strong hold upon the minds of the early settlers, was\\nthat of justice. Their views of the goddess Avith bandaged eyes and scales in\\nher hand were wholly unprejudiced and uncorrupted. They set her apart in\\nher integrity, and demanded that she should have her dues, if not by the pre-\\nscribed legal steps, why, then by summary and more certain ones. There was\\nto be no wheedling, no evasion and out of that spirit grcAV the famous Dah-\\nlonega War. All that can be related of this war is well set forth in Judge\\nHendershott s address, and will not require recapitulation. It proves the fact\\nthat nothing of the nature of swindling or sharp practice would be allowed, and\\nthat, rude as the manner was in settling the right, it was determined, rapid and\\neffectual.\\nTHE MILLLER-THOMPSON CONTESTED ELECTION.\\nThe most interesting contest over an election which has ever transpired in\\nthis region is that of the Miller-Thompson case. The peculiar character of the\\ncircumstances attending the affair, which can never be reproduced in this State,\\nand the closeness of the vote, as well as the bitterness of party feeling at the\\ntime, conspire to render this case an exceedingly entertaining topic for intro-\\nduction here. It is not the purpose of this sketch to indulge in strictures upon\\nthe methods employed by either faction, but it is designed to give as impartial\\na statement of the matter as careful research enables us to do. The heat of the\\ncontest has long since passed away, and Ave have no doubt that the survivors of\\nthe fight will read this chapter with a feeling of enjoyment, as it revives\\nrecollections of the days gone by. The authorities from which these facts are\\ngathered are perfectly reliable, being the official documents of Monroe County\\n(examined expressly for the purpose), numerous files of the leading journals of\\nthe time, among Avhich are the Des Moines Courier and the Burlington Hawk-\\nEye, and personal intervicAvs with some of the most prominent men connected\\nwith the affair.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "430 HISTORV OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe contest arose over the alleged election of William Thompson to a seat in\\nthe Thirty-first Congress. In 1848, the candidates for the honor of represent-\\ning the southern half, or First District, of Iowa, were William Thompson (Dem-\\nocrat), of Mt. Pleasant, and Daniel F. Miller (Whig), of Fort Madison. The\\nelection was held on August 7.\\nIn 1848, the Democratic managers were greatly agitated over the apparent\\ngrowth of Whig sentiments in this district. The eastern counties were fast\\nbecoming uncertain territory, and some expedient was essential to the life and\\nprosperity of the party. The leading spirits among the Democrats were men\\nof fertile resources, thoroughly posted in the ways of politics, and full of\\nshrewd energy. A plan presented itself to their inventive minds, nor were\\nthey slow to avail themselves of it. The machinery of the party was set to\\nwork at once to secure the needed strength so opportunely, but accidentally,\\nproffered them, as they sincerely believed.\\nIt is necessary to revert to historic events of an earlier date, and in other\\nlocalities, to explain the proceedings recorded hereafter. The Mormons, who\\nfigure conspicuously in this chapter, had suffered overthroAv in their strong-\\nhold at Nauvoo, 111., in 1846. The misdeeds of the leader, Joseph Smith, had\\nresulted in the violent death of that head of the sect, and the ascension to\\npower of Brigham Young. The latter saint and ruler had decreed that the\\nsociety should separate into numerous bands and travel westward in search of\\nfreedom. The exodus of the Latter-day Saints began in the year 1846. Iowa\\nwas the scene of unwonted activity occasioned by the flight of the refugees\\nfrom the law. Some bands moved through the State on the line of the forty-\\nsecond parallel; some went through the southern tier of counties, and some\\npassed over the territory now composing the range in which Monroe is located.\\nThe ultimate destination of all these parties was Kanesville, or what is now\\nknown as Council Bluffs. Many of the Mormons did not reach the river in\\n1846, nor even in 1847. Hundreds camped in Marshall County during that\\nyear, and scores of the poor wretches died from actual starvation. Women\\nwere confined in the open country during the long, cold season, and filled\\nunmarked graves. The suffering of those people in camp, during the winter\\nof 1846\u00e2\u0080\u009447, will never be described by human agency, and can be but faintly\\nrealized by the comfortably sheltered readers of this brief sketch.\\nThis chapter, however, has to deal with but one division of the Mormon\\nparty. Those who passed through this tier of counties reached Lucas County\\nin the winter of 1846-47, and located a few miles southeast of the present town\\nof Chariton. There rude huts were erected, and the party sojourned for several\\nmonths. Subsequently, they passed on to the Missouri River, where they also\\ntarried for a time. They were the first white settlers in Lucas County.\\nA portion of the band of Mormons did not remain in Lucas that year, but\\npushed westward in hopes of gaining the place of rendezvous designated by\\nYoung. Their hopes were blighted, however, for the weather was so inclement\\nthat they could not proceed. They did not reach a point beyond Clarke\\nCounty. Three men, John Conyer, James and John Longley, became separated\\nfrom the party and lost their way. They concluded to encamp for the winter\\n(of 1846-47) where they were, and constructed a log hut. In this they lived,\\nand attached to it the name of Lost Camp, a title by which the locality is\\nstill known and pointed out. In the spring, these men found other Mormons\\nbut a few miles from them, in the same county. The village of Kanesville\\nbecame the headquarters of the faithful to the creed of the Golden Book, and\\nwas the resting-place of the weary bands. There they recruited their wasted", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 431\\nforces, and prepared to encounter fresh terrors in the slow march across the\\nplains to Salt Lake City.\\nIt was thus that the year 1848 found a settlement of white men in the terri-\\ntory supposed to he attached to Monroe County for election and judicial pur-\\nposes, and it was by virtue of their forced residence in Iowa that the Mormons\\nbecame under the general statutes, legal voters in the State. Had it not been\\nfor the expulsion of the saints from Nauvoo and the unusually early winter\\nAvhich followed their exodus or, had it not been for the accident of circum-\\nstances, this somewhat singular history could not now be written.\\nAt the time of the occurrence of the events written above, the county of\\nMonroe was composed of all the territory from the west line of Wapello County\\nto the Missouri River. The unorganized counties of Lucas and Clarke were\\nat that time defined in a manner preliminary to permanent establishment, the\\nlatter, however, being entirely unsettled by white men. The former contained\\nnot more than eight or ten families.\\nThe August election, 1848, was an important one to the people of Southern\\nIowa, as has already been observed. The ofiice of Representative in Congress\\nwas to be filled, and the two parties in contest. Democrats and Whigs, were\\nviolent in their determination to win the prize. The Whigs were gaining\\nstrength, and it was all-essential that the county of Monroe, then a Democratic\\nregion, should give a large majority to overcome the Eastern vote.\\nThe investigation of old records impresses one with the fact that politicians\\nof the old school, in the early days, were intensely shrewd possibly no more\\nso than those of to-day, but the methods of working were very different then,\\nand it may be that the apparent boldness was the result of a lack of means to\\ncover up the tracks. At all events, it seems to one who carefully looks at\\nthe matter, that more summary ways and means were then in vogue than could\\nbe successfully employed now.\\nThe opposing factions in 1848 were exceedingly jealous of one another.\\nEvery possible opportunity was improved to win the day. Because of this vigi-\\nlance, perhaps, the Argus-eyed Democracy discovered a grand chance to eflfect\\nthe defeat of their hated rival. The Mormon vote was not only desirable, but\\nwas available Happy thought Golden possibility\\nWho first conceived the plan of wheeling the Mormons into line is not\\nclearly established. Judge Mason, J. C. Hall and, possibly, a well-known jurist,\\nwho still lives in Wapello County, might have been the authors of the shrewd\\nscheme but that is immaterial.\\nIn 1847, the region lying upon the Missouri River, in a line supposed to be\\ndue west of Wapello County, was thickly inhabited for so westerly a point,\\nthanks to the Mormon colony, and naturally asserted its right of independence.\\nA party of representative men came east and waited upon influential men at\\nIowa City, when the scheme was discussed. Gen. Dodge became much inter-\\nested in the matter, foreseeing the possible strength such an organization might\\nbring them. Nothing was then done, however, to effect the formation of the\\ncounty, but the Democrats did not lose sight of the tide of Mormons moving\\nwestward, and halting for breath on tbe shores of the river. In Nauvoo, the\\nMormon vote had been a powerful ally to the Democrats at general elections,\\nand a continuance of their support was both desirable and reasonable, according\\nto the logic of Gen. Dodge.\\nThe organization of the new county rested with Judge Carleton, of the then\\nFourth Judicial District, and there is evidence which warrants the belief that\\nthe Judge counseled with the General in this matter.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "432 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nAs early as 1847, the Whigs claimed to know to a certainty that the Mor-\\nmons were weakening in their political affinities, and the young party was not\\nbackward in aiding a change of belief in its own favor. Elder Orson Hyde\\nwas in command of the refugees, and his will was practically a law unto them.\\nCol. Warren, in a speech delivered in Burlington, in September, 1848, after the\\nelection had been held, made what the Haivk-Eye termed a full explanation of\\nthe affair, and from that address is gathered a portion of the data relative to\\nthis part of our sketch.\\nThe time elapsed by which it was necessary to create a new county at the\\nriver, prior to the election of 1848, but there still remained an opportunity to\\nform a polling precinct there, and thus secure the vote. The only question to\\nbe decided was that of the political complexion of the district. If the Demo-\\ncrats could be assured of support, the necessary formalities would be proceeded\\nwith at once.\\nNow ensued a sharp encounter of wits. Gen. Dodge felt that he held the\\nkey to the situation, since through him alone could the desired organization be\\ncompassed. The Whigs, on the other hand, apprised themselves of the fact\\nthat the Mormons were becoming anxious to show their ill-will toward the Demo-\\ncratic party, as a means of avenging themselves for their expulsion from\\nNauvoo.\\nMessengers were dispatched from both camps to feel the pulse of the people\\nin the West, and each faction returned bearing metaphorical bunches of huge\\ngrapes, while their reports were that the land flowed with oil and honey for the-\\nrespective candidates. In all this bartering there Avas evidently an understand-\\ning between the Whigs and the Mormons for a flat refusal on the part of the\\nlatter to vote the Democratic ticket, would certainly have prevented their voting\\nat all. The powers that were had to be mollified, and a go-between was found\\nto represent to the Democrats the solidity of the Pottawattamie precinct.\\nWhen the character of the vote was satisfactorily determined, there still\\nremained the question of its legality. If the territory lay west of the last\\norganized county, which was then Monroe, that county had the power to create\\na precinct. If it did not, then there was an opportunity to contest the validity\\nof returns from the river precinct. The Democrats believed that Kanesville, as\\nthe Mormon settlement was called, did lie within the legal territory of Monroe,\\nbut a survey was deemed necessary to settle the point. In accordance with that\\nidea, a party was engaged to ascertain the geographical whereabouts of the vil-\\nlage, and a random line was run. Subsequent surveys have shown that the line\\nwas, indeed, a random one, but that point did not come up in the contest which\\nfollowed. For all practical purposes, the place lay west of Monroe. In the\\ndecision of this question the Whigs wisely submitted to the Democrats, and the\\nwork of establishing the locality was performed by such means as the Democrats\\ncould, under no circumstances, thereafter dispute. It was highly important for\\nthe Democrats to locate Kanesville in Monroe territory, because Monroe was\\nthen Democratic, and they feared that the Whigs would oppose the organization\\nof so strong a precinct, if they had it in their power so to do.\\nThe Whigs, meanAvhile, confident of the victory they were to win, offered\\nno objections to the formation of the precinct, but seemed quiescent in the mat-\\nter. On the 3d of July, 1848, the Monroe County Commissioners issued the\\nfollowing order\\nOrdered, by said Boai d, that that portion of country called Pottawattamie County which\\nlies directly west of Monroe County, be organized into a township, and that Kanesville be a\\nprecinct for election purposes in said township, and that the election be held at the Council", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 433\\nHouse in said village and that Charles Bird, Henry Miller and William Huntington be\\nappointed Judges of said election and that the boundaries of said township extend east as far\\nas the East Nish na-bat-na.\\nThis public announcement of the plan warned the Whigs to work. Greek\\nmet Greek. It was known that the Board, then consisting of Andrew Elswick,\\nWilliam McBride and George R. Holliday, and Dudley C. Barber as Clerk,\\nwas Democratic. The latter officer made out the poll-books and sent them to\\nthe new precinct. Both parties sought the field of battle, and for a time the\\nMormon element became the favorites of the politicians, since they held the\\nbalance of power. The Mormons at home in IS^auvoo were Democratic in senti-\\nment, it was argued, and the Democrats were confident of their co-operation in\\nthe time of need.\\nThe election took place on the 7th day of August. To the consternation of\\nthe Democrats and the joy of the Whigs, the vote of the new precinct was cast\\nalmost solidly for Daniel F. Miller, the Whig candidate, and the Democratic\\ncandidate, William Thompson, was left out in the cold.\\nNo sooner was the result of the election made known than the Democratic\\nleaders took counsel, one with another, what to do. J. C. Hall went to Albia\\nfrom Burlington, and it is asserted that he and others advised the rejection of\\nthe poll-books. The messenger with the returns arrived in Albia, and the can-\\nvass of the votes was held on the 14th day of August. Dudley C. Barber, as\\nClerk of the Board, had a deciding voice in the matter. The canvass was made\\nat his log cabin, one of the three or four buildings then standing on the\\ntown plat.\\nAmong the prominent men of Albia at that time was Dr. Flint, who subse-\\nquently removed to Wapello County, and there became County Judge, and also\\nState Senator from that county. He was brother-in-law to Barber, the Clerk\\nwho made out the poll-books, and who was authorized to pass upon their accept-\\nance for canvass. Dr. Flint exercised a strong influence over Barber, and was\\nan intense partisan. He urged the arbitrary rejection of the books. The little\\ncabin was filled with excited men, and the canvass coald not proceed. Among\\nthe Democrats were Mr. Hall and Israel Kister, of Davis County, who subse-\\nquently was elected State Treasurer on that ticket.\\nThe Whigs were determined to see the Pottawattamie vote counted, since\\nthey had beaten the Democrats at what they considered their own game.\\nAmong those men was Mr. Mark, who was Postmaster of Albia at a later date.\\nHe stood directly behind Barber when the latter decided to reject the books.\\nMr. Mark inquired\\nDo you really intend to reject the returns made out on poll-books pre-\\npared by yourself, and in legal form, Mr. Barber?\\nYes, sir, I do responded the Clerk.\\nAt this juncture, further examination of the books was to be made, when\\nthe disputed volumes could not be found. Search was instituted and vigorously\\nprosecuted, but to no effect. The books were gone from the table where they\\nhad lain but a moment before. It was announced that the books had been\\nstolen, and could not, therefore, be used as returns.\\nIt is reported by an eye-witness of the scene that pistols were drawn and a\\ngeneral riot seemed imminent, but no serious outbreak followed the coup d etat\\nof the Democrats. Of course it was clear that the Whigs had not stolen the\\nbooks, since it was for their interest to retain them. It rested, consequently,\\nwith the opposing faction to explain the mysterious disappearance of the docu-\\nments.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "434 HISTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe evening of that day, Barber called to his aid two Justices, and, it is\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0said, with locked doors, made a canvass of the vote of Monroe, throwing out\\nthe books from Pottawattamie entirely. This rejection of the western vote\\nsecured the election of Tliompson, and he accordingly took his seat in the first\\nsession of the Thirty-first Congress.\\nIf we may be allowed to parody a classic quotation, uneasy sits the Con-\\ngressman who is not soundly elected No sooner was he here than the Whigs\\nmade an effort to oust him. The case was laid before a proper committee, and\\nvoluminous discussion ensued. Finally, the case was remanded to the District\\nCourt at Keokuk. Before a decision could be reached, an election took place\\nin the State for State officers and member of the Thirty-second Congress. The\\ncampaign was a hot one. During the stump-speech season, and just prior\\nto the election in August, a meeting was held in Albia, at which A. C. Dodge,\\nMr. Baker, et al., addressed the Democracy. At this meeting, cheers were\\nproposed for Mr. Barber, on the grounds that he had defeated the election of\\nMiller.\\nIt may be here incidentally remarked that the August election resulted in\\nthe seating of Bernhart Henn, of Fairfield, in the Thirty-second Congress\\nfrom this district, his term beginning in 1851;\\nThere still remained one session of the Thirty-first Congress, and after the\\nAugust election referred to, the Miller-Thompson fight was renewed. During\\nthe controversy, Mr. Miller, or one of his friends, desired certain papers of\\nJudge Mason, who was a strong counsel on the Democratic side. By mistake,\\nthe missing poll-books were handed to the Whig, who immediately announced\\nthe fact with an appropriate demonstration\\nThis startling denouement completely upset the Democratic case, and a new-\\nelection was ordered to fill vacancy in the First District. The election took\\nplace September 24, 1850, and resulted in the choice of Mr. Miller, who filled\\nthe seat in Congress one session.\\nThe question reverts to the cause of the Mormon change of front in 1848.\\nAll manner of rumors were afloat at the time, some of them even charging that\\nthe Democrats had offered but $1,000, while the Whigs had paid $1,200 for the\\nvote. On the authority of one who admits that he was a party to the barter,\\nwe state as fact that the only gift presented to Elder Hyde by the Whigs was a\\nprinting office and some ten reams of printing-paper and a keg of ink. Hyde\\nwanted an office, and the Whigs were willing to give him one. The materials\\nfor the office were shipped to him by the Whigs prior to the casting of the vote.\\nHyde had a grudge against the Democrats, which he desired to pay, and there-\\nfore refused to listen to overtures of a financial character from them. It was a\\ncase of diamond cut diamond, in which the Whigs proved the hardest.\\nAs to the missing books it is a matter of evidence that Israel Kister placed\\nthem in Mr. Hall s saddle-bags, during the heated discussion, probably with no\\nreal intention to steal them at the time, but supposing that they would be dis-\\ncovered before Hall left. They were not detected, and the lawyer rode away\\nwith them. It was then too late to acknowledge the error, and so the case stood\\nuntil accident brought them to light.\\nThe Whig papers made furious onslaught against the Democrats over the\\naffair, and there is but little doubt that it caused a decidedly good political\\nwar-cry during those days. Dr. Flint was openly charged with having burned\\nthe books, and Barber was figuratively drawn and quartered continuously. The\\nvigorous attacks upon him finally undermined his health and he died, a victim\\nof mistaken sense of duty. Dr. Flint s career in the county of Wapello was", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 435\\none of considerable importance, until he was guilty of eloping, it is alleged,\\nwith a lady of his acquaintance, although he was an old man at the time. It is\\nbelieved that he died, some years since, in Canada.\\nTHE DES MOINES IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES.\\nMr. Charles Negus, an authority in matters pertaining to the history of\\nIowa, published the following interesting account of the various improvement\\nschemes connected with the Des Moines River, in the Annals of Iowa. We\\ngive the entire article\\nThe river Des Moines has connected with its history many things of\\ninterest. It is purposed at this time to notice some of the historical events\\nconnected with this river since the land through which it passes was purchased\\nby the Government from the Indians.\\nOn the first settlement of Iowa, the building of railroads had just com-\\nmenced, and but very few in the West knew anything about this mode of con-\\nveyance for travel and commerce. At that time, steamboats for these purposes\\nwere the great absorbing idea. This river, in high stages of water, was thought\\nto be susceptible of steamboat navigation far into the interior of the State, and\\nthose who first settled in the vicinity of this river, eagerly looked forward to the\\nday when steamboats would move up and down these waters in large numbers,\\nand when from long; distances from its banks, travel and commerce would seek\\na conveyance through this channel. And these expectations were appai-ently\\nwell founded. In 1836, the Sacs and Foxes, having disposed of their reserva-\\ntion on the Iowa River, where they had villages, moved West, and settled in\\nthe valley of the river Des Moines, in what is now Wapello County, and, as a\\nnatural consequence, trading-posts were established in this vicinity, which had\\nto be supplied Avith goods and in the fall of 1837, the few settlers along the\\nbanks of this river were, for the first time, gladdened with the sound of the\\nshrill whistle of a steamboat, making its way up the river with supplies for\\nthese trading-posts.\\nThis boat was the S. B. Science, commanded by Capt. Clark, which, by\\nforcing its way against the swift current, passing safely over the concealed\\nsand-bars and hidden rocks, demonstrated that the waters of this river, at high\\nstages were navigable, much to the joy and satisfaction of those who lived in\\nthe vicinity, and afforded a theme for pleasant conversation for days and\\nmonths.\\nBy the treaty of 1842, by which the Sacs and Foxes sold all their lands in\\nIowa, tliey were permitted to retain possession of that portion which lay west\\nof Red Rock for three years, and the Indians moved up the river and located\\nthemselves near the Raccoon Fork, and the Government thought proper to\\nlocate a body of troops at that point and for the conveyance of soldiers and\\ntheir equipage to that place, the little steamer lone was employed and laden\\nwith stores, and a detachment of troops landed on the site where is now the city\\nof Des Moines, on the 9th of May, 1843. This is the first steamboat that ever\\nventured to disturb the waters of this river so far from its mouth. The lone\\nliaving made a successful trip, added greatly to the expectation of the esti-\\nmated importance and value of this thoroughfiire, which was brought to the\\nattention of Congress, and on the 8th of August, 1846, a law was enacted,\\ngiving to Iowa, for the purpose of aiding to improve the navigation of the river\\nDes Moines from its mouth to the Raccoon Fork, an equal moiety in alternate", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "436 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nsections of the public lands remaining unsold, in a strip five miles wide on each\\nside of the river, to be selected within the territory of Iowa by an agent, or\\nagents, who should be appointed by the Governor of the Territory, subject to\\nthe approval of the U. S. Treasury.\\nWhen this grant was first made, it was not supposed by any one that it\\nextended above Raccoon Fork, and Gov. Clark, in communicating the intelli-\\ngence to the Legislature, estimated the grant to amount to about three hundred\\nthousand acres. This part of the Governor s message was referred to a select\\ncommittee, for them to take into consideration whether it was advisable for the\\nState to accept the grant, and if so, to devise the method of disposing of the\\nlands and the mode of improving the river.\\nThe committee, after having the matter under consideration several weeks,\\nthrough their Chairman, Dr. James Davis, of Wapello County, made a very\\nlengthy report, in which they took the ground that the grant was not limited to\\nlands below the Raccoon Fork, but extended to every alternate section for five\\nmiles on each side of the river to the northwestern boundary of the State, if\\nnot to the source of the river. They estimated the grant to contain 400,000\\nacres below the Raccoon Fork, and 560,000 above, making 960,000 acres of\\nland. The report of the committee at first was looked upon as visionary, and\\nbut very little calculation was made on getting any land above the fork of the\\nriver but a matter of so much importance was not passed over without exami-\\nnation and full discussion.\\nFrom this time on, for several years, the improvement of the river Des\\nMoines entered largely into the politics of the State. Politicians became inter-\\nested in it the construction put upon the grant by the committee, was the popu-\\nlar side, and found many advocates, and scarcely any one opposed it. The\\ncommittee reported in favor of receiving the grant, with provisos, and a bill for\\ncreating a Board of Public Works. On this report the Legislature passed an\\nact accepting the grant, with the proviso that it was not to form a part of the\\n500,000 acres which the State was entitled to by an act of Congress of 1841,\\ngiving to each new State that amount of land for internal improvements. This\\nwas conceded by the General Government, and it also permitted the State to\\ndivert 500,000 acres from works of internal improvement to the purpose of\\neducation. The Legislature, on the 5th of February, 1847, also passed an act\\ncreating a Board of Public Works, and providing for the improvement of the\\nriver. The Board consisted of a President, Secretary and Treasurer, who were\\nto be elected by the qualified electors of the State, on the first Monday of the\\nfollowing August. The President was to be the active agent of the work, and\\nwas required to make monthly reports of his doings, and of the progress of his\\nwork to the Board the Secretary was to record the proceedings of the Board\\nand to sell the lands the Treasurer was to receive and disburse the moneys.\\nThe officers were required to commence the work on the Mississippi, near\\nKeokuk, at the mouth of Dead Slough, or of the I^assaw Slough, and then up\\nthe Slough to the river. And subsequently the work was commenced by under-\\ntaking to dig a canal from the mouth of the Nassaw Slough to St. Francisville,\\nthe first place on the river where it was thought practicable to build a dam.\\nAbout $150,000 were expended in the eff ort, but the attempt proved to be\\nan impracticable undertaking, and, after expending this large amount of money,\\nthe work of digging a canal was abandoned. At the August election, Hugh W.\\nSample, of J efferson County, was elected President Charles Corckery, of\\nDubuque County, Secretary, and Paul Braton, of Van Buren County, Treas-\\nurer. The officers elected were qualified, and at first opened their offices at", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 437\\nFairfield. Samuel Curtis, from Ohio, was selected by the Board as Chief\\nEngineer but there was very little done this season toward improving the\\nriver, further than making surveys. The necessary surveys having been com-\\npleted, early in the spring of 1848, the work was commenced. The canal and\\nthree dams were put under contract, and about five hundred hands were put at\\nwork. On the 21st of August, the building of ten more dams was contracted\\nfor, and there seemed to be a fair prospect for the speedy completion of the\\nentire improvement.\\nThere was at this time but very little known of the resources of the upper\\nvalley of the river Des Moines. This year, by authority of the United States,\\nprovisions were made for a geological survey in Iowa, and a party was sent up\\nthis river, which explored it to its source. The report made by this party was\\nvery flattering. They reported that coal was found for two hundred miles on\\nthe Des Moines, and from indications, heavy deposits of iron ore were believed\\nto exist that gypsum in abundance, forming cliffs for miles, was encountered\\nand that limestone that makes a superior hydraulic lime existed in abundance\\nlimestone, suitable for lime, clay suitable for brick, rock suitable for polishing,\\nfor grindstones, whetstones and for building purposes, some of superior qual-\\nity, were found in abundance along the Des Moines. And Col. Curtis, in spec-\\nulating upon the future, in his report to the Legislature, led the people to\\nanticipate great results from this improvement. He said No country can\\nafford like accommodations to manufacturers no country can produce more\\nagricultural wealth than that within sixty miles on either side of this river.\\nAnd further: That, taking all things into consideration, the matter is math-\\nematically certain (except in times of high water in the Missouri), the trade of\\nCouncil Bluffs will incline to follow down the improvement. But it is not this\\npoint alone that is reached we enter the great valley of Nebraska, and the\\nupper branches of the Missouri, and offer the commerce of these valleys the\\ncheapest and most expeditious route for their products. A country of a thou-\\nsand miles extent, capable of furnishing vast and unknown agricultural and\\nmineral products, may, by wise and discreet energy in the prosecution of this\\nwork, become tributary to the improvement now in progress on the Des Moines.\\nThese glowing reports of the country and the advantages to be derived\\nfrom the improvement of the river, excited the public mind to the highest\\nexpectations, and the people became very anxious to secure as much of the\\npublic lands as possible, that this great undertaking might be speedily com-\\npleted and to ascertain the construction put upon the grant by the General\\nGovernment, application was made to the Land Department for a decision.\\nRichard M. Young, the Commissioner of the General Land Office, on the 23.d\\nday of February, 1848, in a letter addressed to the Board of Public Works,\\ngave it as his opinion, that the State was entitled to the alternate sections\\nwithin five miles of the Des Moines River, through the whole extent of Iowa.\\nThis decision gave assurances that the amount of land claimed would be\\nreceived. The Board of Improvement made great preparation for rapidly push-\\ning on the work, and the public mind was exhilarated with the greatest hopes\\nof speedily realizing the great advantages represented to be derived from this\\nundertaking.\\nBut, as it is the lot of man to meet with disappointments, such seems to\\nhave been the result in this case for it was found that the lands could not be\\nsold fast enough to meet the expenses of so extensive a work as had been\\nundertaken. To remedy this difficulty, the Board of Public Works recom-\\nmended to the Legislature that bonds, bearing the sanction of the supreme", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "438 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npower of the State, should be issued by the Board, and pledging the proceeds\\nof the sales of the lands, as well as the tolls of the improvement, for their\\nredemption. But this policy did not meet with the sanction of some of the\\nleading Democrats of the State, who regarded such a measure as not being in\\naccordance with Democratic principles, among whom were Ver Plank Van\\nAntwerp. Van Antwerp, having held the ofBce of Receiver in the first land\\noffice established in Southern Iowa, and then holding the same office at Fair-\\nfield, and also, for a while, editor of a paper, was extensively known, and at\\nthat time exerted much influence among the people, and he took a very active\\npart against the proposition recommended by the Board. He claimed that the\\nmeasure was not only Anti- democratic, but impolitic, and went to Iowa City as\\na lobby member, and made himself very busy with the members to defeat it\\nand the opposition with which it met from Van Antwerp and other private\\nindividuals, had its effect with the members of the Legislature, and the meas-\\nure was defeated, much to the discomfiture of Sample. This interference of\\nVan Antwerp with the recommendations of the Board, created a coolness\\nbetween Sample and Van Antwerp which caused some singular results in the\\nfuture political matters of the State.\\nDuring the summer of 1848, a portion of the land above the Raccoon\\nFork was brought into the market and offered for sale at the land office at Iowa\\nCity, and some of the lands which it was supposed were embraced within the river\\ngrant, were sold by the general Government. The failure of the Board to get\\nthe Legislature to authorize them to issue bonds, and the selling of these lands\\nby the General Government, greatly frustrated the plans of the Board and put\\na damper upon the public expectation. For the purpose of securing the full\\namount of land claimed, the Legislature passed a memorial asking Congress to\\nenact an explanatory law confirming to the State the quantity of land claimed.\\nBut Congress did not feel disposed to do this, and the extent of the grant was\\na disputed question for several years.\\nAt the August election in 1849, the officers of the Board of Public Works\\nwere to be again elected, and the old officers were desirous of holding on to\\ntheir offices, and Sample made great eff orts to have the old officers renominated\\nby the State Convention for candidates before the people. Those who were in\\nfavor of issuing bonds for the speedy completion of the work were in favor of\\nre-electing the old Board those who were against this measure were opposed\\nto them. Among those who took an active part against the old Board was Van\\nAntwerp, and his opposition was particularly made against Sample, which got\\nup much ill-feeling between them. Van Antwerp, to accomplish his ends before\\nthe convening of the Convention, prepared a stricture on Sample s political acts,\\nwhich showed him up in no very enviable light. Van Antwerp went to\\nIowa City, where the Convention was to be held, a short time before it con-\\nvened, and had his strictures printed in handbill form, and on the morning of\\nthe Convention circulated copies all over the city, so that a copy found its way\\ninto the hands of every deleizate. This had the eff ect to beat Sample, and the\\nother officers of the old Board, and William Patterson, of Lee County, was\\nnominated for President Jesse Williams, of Johnson, for Secretary and\\nGeorge Gillaspy, of Wapello, for Treasurer.\\nThese individuals were all elected, entered upon the duties of their trust,\\nand with energy undertook to complete all the work which had been put under\\ncontract. But they soon found that they could not sell lands fast enough to\\nmeet their expenditures, and had to suspend a portion of the work. But they\\ndid not do this until they had contracted a large amount of debts, which they", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 439\\nhad not the means to pay. The new Board, on making settlements with the\\ncontractors, not having the money to pay them, issued bonds, or certificates of\\nindebtedness, pledging the lands for their payment, and binding the Board to\\nredeem them as soon as they had the means to do it. So the new Board, with-\\nout the sanction of law, did what the old Board had tried to get the Legislature\\nto authorize them to do by law, and for which policy they were turned out of\\noffice and others put in their place. Those contractors who were stopped from\\ngoing on with their work claimed damages legal proceedings were had, and\\nsome of them recovered large amounts.\\nThe course pursued by the new Board met Avith much censure from the\\npublic and the newspapers particularly the Whig press w^as very severe in its\\nstrictures. The course which had been pursued by the Board of Public Works\\nmade the improvement of the river Des Moines a prominent matter before the\\nLegislature which convened in December, 1850. The issuing of bonds did not\\nmeet with the approval of that body, and a law was passed abolishing the offices\\nof President, Secretary and Treasurer, and the offices of Commissioner and\\nRegister of the Des Moines River Improvement were created, which, instead\\nof being elected by the people, were appointed by the Governor, by and with\\nthe consent of the Senate.\\nx\\\\s soon as the law abolishing the Board of Public Works went into effect,\\nthe Governor appointed Ver Plank Van Antwerp Commissioner, and George\\nGillaspy Register of the Improvement, who, on the 9th of June, 1851,\\nentered into a contract with Bangs Brothers Co., of New York, in which\\nthey stipulated to complete the whole work, from the mouth of the river to the\\nRaccoon Fork, in four years from the time, when for the improvement of the\\nriver a confirmation should be secured of the extension of the grant of land above\\nthat point. When the contract was closed. Bangs Brothers Co. and the officers\\nof the Improvement went to work and succeeded in getting the Land Department\\nof the General Government to reconsider the decision in which it had been held\\nthat the grant of land only extended to the Raccoon Fork, and obtained a\\ndecision that it extended to the northern boundary of the State, which gave\\nhopes that the river would soon be made navigable. On the first reception of\\nthe news there was much rejoicing, but when the details of the contract with\\nBangs Brothers Co. were made public, it was found that the contract pro-\\nvided that the lands below the Raccoon Fork were not to be sold for less than\\n$2.00 per acre, and those above for not less than $5.00.\\nThis gave great dissatisfaction, for a great portion of these lands was\\noccupied by claimants who expected to buy their claims at $1.25 per acre, as\\nothers had done who had settled upon Government lands. This provision\\nstirred up much ill-feeling among the settlers public meetings were held, and\\nthis part of the contract was condemned in the strongest terms and such were\\nthe feelings that there were apprehensions of serious difficulties if this part of\\nthe contract should be enforced. But when these excitements were at the high-\\nest, news came that Bangs Brothers Co. had failed, and probably their con-\\ntract would be annulled, and this allayed the public feeling. Bangs Brothers\\nCo. did not comply with their contract in furnishing means, and the work on\\nthe river did not go on, and the public expectation of a speedy completion of\\nthe proposed improvement vanished.\\nThe officers of the Improvement were appointed for only two years, and\\nat the expiration of their term of office, Van Antwerp was re- appointed Com-\\nmissioner, and Paul C. Jeffries was appointed Register. But these last appoint-\\ned officers held their trust but a short time, for during the past two years the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "440 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwork on the river had progressed very slowly the contract with Bangs Broth-\\ners Co. had been declared forfeited, and it was understood that other sources\\nwere to be looked to for going on with the work. The officers appointed by the\\nGovernor not being successful in their undertaking, the Legislature, on the 1st\\nof January, 1853, repealed the law authorizing the Governor to appoint, and\\nmade these officers again to be elected by the people, and on the first Monday\\nin the following April, Josiah Bonney, of Van Buren County, was elected\\nCommissioner, and George Gillaspy, Register. And, for the purpose of\\naiding the Commissioner in conducting and concluding any contract on the\\nsubject of improving the river, the Legislature appointed George G. Wright,\\nof Van Buren County, and Uriah Biggs, of Wapello, his assistants, with equal\\npowers of the Commissioner in making and determining such contract.\\nFrom past experience it was not deemed advisable to parcel out the work\\nto many individuals, and consequently these officers were required by the Legis-\\nlature not to make any contract, unless such contract stipulated for at least\\n$1,300,000 to be faithfully expended in the payment of the debts and liabilities\\nof the Improvement, and its completion to the greatest extent possible. And\\nto this end, if it was necessary, they were authorized to sell and dispose of all\\nand any lands which had been or might hereafter be granted by Congress for\\nthe improvement of the river, and, if it was necessary to effect a contract, they\\nwere authorized to convey the right to tolls and water rents arising from the\\nImprovement, for the length of time and upon such terms as they might deem\\nexpedient. But in disposing of the lands, they were not to contract them for\\nless than $1.25 per acre; and if no contract of this character should be made\\nbefore the 1st of September, 1853, then the pay of all the officers connected\\nwith the work, except the Register and one engineer, was to cease, and all\\noperations, connected with the work, except such parts as were under contract,\\nwere to be suspended until further action by the Legislature. The Register\\nwas required to put all unfinished work then under contract in such a condition\\nas to prevent it from injury, and to see that all property of the State connected\\nwith the work was carefully preserved. If the Register, at any time subse-\\nquent, should receive propositions which he deemed sufficient for consideration,\\nhe was to submit the same to the Commissioner; and should a contract be\\nmade on the terms required by tiie Legislature, then the pay of the officers\\nshould commence and the work go on as though it had not been suspended.\\nThe new Commissioner, being conscientious about the expending of money,\\nimmediately after taking charge of the work, dismissed all the engineers,\\nexcept Guy Wells, the chief engineer, and employed no officer or other\\npersons, except when the necessity of the work imperatively demanded it.\\nThere were in several places of the river snags and bowlders. Avhich much\\nobsti ucted the navigation, and had become a source of much inconvenience and\\ncomplaint but during the official term of Bonney, the river was cleaned of\\nsnags, bowlders and other obstructions to such an extent as to make the naviga-\\ntion of the river, at proper stages of the water, safe/\\nThe Commissioner and his associates, after assuming the duties of their\\ntrust, entered into correspondence with such persona and companies as they\\nthought likely to embark in such an enterprise. And by this means they suc-\\nceeded in eliciting the attention of capitalists to such an extent that a number\\nof persons came to the State for the purpose of investigation. These persons,\\nby an examination of the valley of the Des Moines personally, and making\\nthemselves acquainted with the resources of the country, on their return East,\\nimparted to others the undeveloped wealth and advantages of the valley, which", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 441\\nwas the means of bringing many good and enterprising citizens to the State.\\nAmong others who visited Iowa for the purpose of investigation, was Henry\\nO Rielly, a man who had acquired some considerable notoriety as a contractor\\nin putting up telegraph wires, and he proposed to undertake the Avork. Such\\nwas the known reputation of O Rielly as a contractor that the Commissioner\\nand his associates commenced the negotiating of a contract. And on the 17th\\nof December, 1853, Henry O Rielly, Esq., of New York, entered into a con-\\ntract with the Commissioners, in which, for the consideration of the unsold lands\\nbelonging to the Improvement, and tolls and water rents and other profits aris-\\ning from the work, for the term of forty years, agreed to complete the entire\\nwork within a period of four years from the 1st day of July, 1854, according\\nto the original surveys and specifications made by the engineers.\\nImmediately upon entering upon this contract, O Rielly returned East\\nand organized a company, under the laws of Iowa, called the Des Moines Navi-\\ngation Railroad Company, to which O Rielly assigned his contract, him-\\nself being one of the officers of the Company. On the 9th of June, 1854, by\\nthe consent and request of O Rielly, and with the approbation of the officers of\\nthe River Improvement, the contract with O Rielly was canceled, and another\\ncontract was made with the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company.\\nIn this contract, the Company agreed to pay all outstanding debts against the\\nImprovement within ninety days from the date of said contract, to settle and\\npay all damages against the State of Iowa, on account of the prosecution of said\\nwork, to mill-owners, or others who have, or might thereafter, sustain damages\\non account of the same; to pay the salaries and expenses of the officers and\\nengineers in charge of the work to complete the Improvement from the mouth\\nof the Des Moines River to Fort Des Moines, in accordance with the original\\nplans and specifications of the State Engineer, by the 1st day of July, 1858\\nand to construct the whole work in such a manner as to assure the navigation\\nof the same for the longest period each year practicable, and to complete at\\nleast one-fourth of the work each and every year, commencing on the 1st day\\nof July, 1854.\\nIn consideration of this understanding, the Commissioner agreed to con-\\nvey to the Company all the unsold lands belonging to the Improvement, the use of\\nthe work, the tolls and water rents for the term of forty-one years. And after-\\nward, in consideration of the Company enlarging the works and making some\\nother improvements in the navigation of the river, and also on account of there\\nnot being as large a quantity of land undisposed of below Fort Dodge as was\\nunderstood to be by the Commissioners and the Company at the time of making\\nthe contract, a majority of the Commissioners, Bonney and Biggs, entered into\\nan article of agreement with the Company, in which they promised to extend\\nthe time of the Company s use and control of the work to seventy-five years.\\nUnder this contract, the public expected that the work would be immedi-\\nately commenced by the new contractors and speedily completed. The great\\nexpectations which at first had been raised by the contractors, under the name\\nof the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company, soon after they under-\\ntook the work began to diminish for there soon arose disagreements and mis-\\nunderstandings among themselves. The Company had been organized under\\nthe general incorporation laws of Iowa, and, consequently, was subject to the\\nlaws of the State. At the called session of the Legislature, in 1856, Donald\\nMann, a stockholder of the Company, memorialized the Legislature to correct\\nthe manifold abuses of which he charged the Directors of the Company to\\nhave been guilty. In this memorial he charged that the managers of the Com-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "442 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npany had, in various ways, corruptly, and for corrupt purposes, violated the\\nlaws of the State, greatly to the injury of the people thereof, and to the great\\nloss and damage of the stockholders, and showed in detail wherein they had\\nacted corruptly and violated the laws under which the Company was incorporated.\\nAmong other things, he stated that, for the purpose of deceiving the people\\nand individuals in relation to their means, they had represented to the public\\nand to individuals that there had been paid into the treasury enormous sums\\nof money, on account of stock sold, for much larger amounts than had been\\nreceived. And the better to accomplish and maintain such deceptions, the\\nmanagers (or a majority of them) caused to be issued certificates of stock to the\\namount of, nominally, $630,000, or six thousand three hundred shares of\\n$100 for cash, of which shares they had represented to the public and individ-\\nuals that the holder had paid the sum of $100, amounting to $630,000, when,\\nas a matter of fact, there was only 5 per cent paid on each share, by which\\nmeans the public and many individuals were deceived.\\nHenry O Rielly, the individual Avith whom the contract had first been\\nmade, a stockholder and one of the Directors also memorialized the Legislature\\nfor an investigation of the afiairs of the Company, in which he re-asserted the\\ncharges made by Mann, and stated that he held himself ready, if the Legisla-\\nture would order an investigation of the doings of the Company, to prove, from\\nthe records of the Company and from other evidence, that there was scarcely an\\nimportant provision in the code of Iowa (applicable to corporations), scarcely an\\nimportant point in the Des Moines Improvement laws, scarcely an important pro-\\nvision in the contract which the Company agreed to fulfill, scarcely an essential\\nprovision in its by-laws, or even in the charter which gave it legal existence,\\nwhich had not been violated, and violated with a recklessness that will form a\\nmemorable feature in the history of Iowa.\\nA joint committee was appointed from both branches of the Legislature,\\nat the called session, to investigate the alleged abuses but, owing to the short\\ntime in which they had to act, it was impossible for them to make the necessary\\ninvestigation. An attempt was made to create a committee for this purpose to\\nact after the Legislature adjourned but this failed, so that the alleged abuses\\npassed by without examination at that time. These memorials to the Legisla-\\nture and the discussion of these matters by the newspapers, greatly prejudiced\\nthe public mind against the Company and while these discussions were going\\non, W. C. Johnson, the President of the Company, requested the Governor to\\nexamine into its affairs, in person or by committee, and proposed to pay the\\nexpenses of such an examination. The Governor did not feel disposed to com-\\nply with the request, but referred the matter to the Legislature, which convened\\nthe following December, and recommended that a committee should be appointed,\\nwith power to administer oaths, and to send for persons and papers, with instruc-\\ntions to inquire into all the transactions of the former Commissioners and Reg-\\nisters of the Improvement.\\nThis part of the Governor s message was referred to a committee of twelve,\\nconsisting of members of both branches of the Legislature, who immediately\\nproceeded to the discharge of their duties. After a careful and thorough exam-\\nination, this committee reported that they did not consider the contract made\\nby the Commissioners with the Company a valid contract on behalf of the State,\\nfor the law which authorized the Commissioner and Register to make contracts\\nrequired that any contract made by them, to be valid, must be approved by\\nthe Governor, and that the subsequent law, which cieated two Assistant Com-\\nmissioners, did not do aAvay with the provision requiring the Governor to approve", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 443\\nof such contracts. And, as the contract made with the Company had never\\nbeen approved by the Governor, they did not regard it as binding on the\\nState. The committee also reported that the Company had acted in bad faith,\\nand violated their charter in many ways and, among other things, they found\\nthat over $1,000,000 of full-paid stock bad been issued by the Company, upon\\nwhich had been received but |167,000, leaving a deficit of $833,000, for which\\ncertificates of full-paid stock had been issued, for which not a farthing had been\\nreceived by the Company, which had been sold to innocent purchasers for a\\nvaluable consideration, who had purchased, believing its full value had been\\npaid into the treasury of the Company. The Company had come far short of\\ncompleting the amount of work which they were required to do under their\\ncontract, and their acts gave strong indications that their object was to expend\\nmonev enough to get possession of all the available lands, and then abandon the\\nwork for more than one-half of the time which was given for completing the\\nentire contract had expired, and on a work which was estimated to cost about\\n$2,000,000, they had expended about $185,957.44 for an actual construction\\nof the work, while the Company claimed that they had expended $104,180.74\\nfor incidental expenses, the most part of which did not, in any manner, benefit\\nthe Improvement. Yet the Company claimed that they were entitled to land at\\n$1.25 per acre in payment for the whole amount.\\nOn the 2d of April, 1855, William McKay, of Polk County, was elected\\nCommissioner, and John C. Lockwood, of Louisa County, Register but in\\nNovember, 1856, McKay resigned, and Edwin Manning, of Van Buren\\nCounty, was appointed by the Governor to fill his place. Manning bore the\\nname of a good business man and close financier, and he was not willing to\\naudit the claims for incidental expenses, as one for which the Company were\\nentitled to receive land and this became a matter of dispute between the Com-\\npany and Commissioner, and, in order to have the matter adjusted, the Presi-\\ndent proposed to make an abatement of $72,000 but Manning did not feel\\ndisposed to settle the matter himself, and referred the whole claim to the Legis-\\nlature.\\nManning, in his report to the Legislature, showed that there had been sold\\nby the State, through the Board of Public Works, during the six years that the\\nState prosecuted the work, about $75,000 worth of land and for this sum only\\nthree stone-masonry locks and two dams had been completed and there had\\nbeen certified to the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company, by Bonney\\nand Gillaspy, 88,853 19-100 acres of land, and by McKay and Lockwood,\\n116,636 4-100 acres, at $1.25 per acre, making $256,861 53 worth of land,\\nwhich had been disposed of to the present Company, a part of which amount\\nwas for old debts which they had paid.\\nThe report of the Committee and Commissioner having been made to the\\nLegislature, that body, acting upon the premises that the contract which had\\nbeen made by the Commissioners with the Company was not binding upon the\\nState, on the 29th of January, 1857, passed an act by which there was to be a\\nCommissioner appointed by the Governor, who, with the regular Commissioner,\\nwas authorized to contract for the speedy prosecution of the work, and it was\\nmade their duty to ascertain and pay off all just claims against the Improve-\\nment and they were authorized to contract with any company for the sale of\\nall lands, tolls and water rents who would give satisfactory evidence and security\\nfor the completion of the Improvement. But they were not to bind the State\\nby any contract further than the appropriation of the land and the income of\\nthe Improvement and no contract made by the Commissionei s was to be valid", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "444 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nuntil approved by the Governor. And by this act, the offices of Register and\\nAssistant Commissioner were abolished, and the Register was required to deliver\\nover to the State Land Office all books and papers in his office; and the Regis-\\nter of the State Land Office was required to perform all the duties which the\\nRegister of the Improvement had done. And by thus doing, the Legislature\\ngave the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company to understand that they\\ndid not regard the contract made by them with the Commissioners as binding\\nupon the State, though by this act they made arrangements for auditing their\\nclaims and paying them their just dues.\\nAbout this time, the question was brought up in the Land Department at\\nWashington, as to the extent of this grant of land, and the opinion was made\\npublic that the original intention of Congress was to only give to the State the\\nlands below the Raccoon Fork but a disposition was manifested to compromise\\nby the Department recognizing as being in the grant all lands adjacent to the\\nriver within the State. But assumptions had heretofore met with success, and\\nnow those interested in the land grant claimed and contended that this grant\\nembraced all the lands to the source of the river. This difficulty about the\\nextent of the land grant, together with the action of the Legislature, nearly\\nsuspended all operations on the river, and much was said by the Company\\nabout enforcing their claims by law.\\nThe Commissioners appointed to audit and pay the claims against the\\nImprovement did not succeed in adjusting the claims of the Company, and the\\nmatter was again referred to the Legislature and, on the 22d of March, 1858,\\nthere was a joint resolution passed by the Legislature, defining the basis upon\\nwhich the State would settle, and the Des Moines Navigation Railroad\\nCompany were given sixty days to consider whether they would accept of and\\nratify this proposition and if they did not, within that time, then it was made\\nthe duty of the Governor to enjoin them from further proceeding with the work\\nof the Improvement. Also, on the same day of adopting this resolution, there\\nwas an act passed giving all the lands which remained after settling with this\\nCompany, and also all the stone, timber and other materials turned over to the\\nState by the Company, to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines Minnesota Rail-\\nroad Company, for the purpose of constructing a railroad from Keokuk up the\\nDes Moines Valley, to the northern line of the State, except the material which\\nit might be necessary to use for the completion of the locks and dams at Cro-\\nton, Plymouth, Bentonsport and Keosauqua, which the Railroad Company were\\nto complete and also, all debts which grew out of the Improvement, which at\\nthat time remained unsatisfied, or w^ere, in some manner, provided for. But in\\nthis grant there was a provision made that it should not, in any manner, con-\\nflict with the lands which had, previous to that time, been given to the State by\\nCongress for railroad purposes, which, on the 15th of July, 1856, had been\\ngiven by the Legislatui e to the companies formed to build the four roads desig-\\nnated by the grant. But it was understood that these lands, having been\\ndonated by Congress for the improvement of the navigation of the river Des\\nMoines, could not be diverted to the building of a railroad without the consent\\nof Congress, and measures were immediately taken to get Congi-ess to sanction\\nthe diversion but this attempt failed, so that the action of the Iowa Legisla-\\nture did not avail the Railroad Company anything that session. The Railroad\\nCompany determined to make another effort at the next session of Congress\\nbut before the time for this eifort, another difficulty arose in the way of obtain-\\ning the lands for the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines Minnesota Railroad Com-\\npany.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 445\\nIn setting up the claims that the grants for improving the river Des\\nMoines extended above the Raccoon Fork, the citizens of Iowa were united, until\\nafter the grant of lands by Congress for railroad purposes was made. After\\nthis, the railroad companies became interested in the lands claimed for\\nthe River Improvement, and claimed that the grant did not embrace any lands\\nabove the Raccoon Fork, on which the citizens of Iowa were now divided,\\nand both sides of the question were represented. Upon this phase of the case,\\nthe officer of the Land Department at Washington had but very little hesi-\\ntation in deciding against the claims of the River Improvement. After this\\ndecision was made, the legal tribunals were resorted to, and a case was taken to\\nthe Supreme Court of the United States, where the same decision was given as\\nin the Land Office.\\nOn the 3d of March, 1860, there was an act passed abolishing the office of\\nCommissioner of the Des Moines River Improvement, and George G. Wright,\\nEdward Johnson and Christian W. Slagle were appointed a Board of Commis-\\nsioners for the purpose of ascertaining all the liabilities against the Des Moines\\nRiver Improvement, and against the State of Iowa, growing out of the Im-\\nprovement. They were required to meet at Keosauqua, and were clothed with\\npower similar to the District Court, to hear and determine all claims growing\\nout of the Improvement, and were authorized to sell all the interests of the\\nState, and all dams and improvements, and the lands appertaining thereto. These\\nCommissioners proceeded with their duties, and with their labors closed all\\nofficial acts, as far as the State was concerned, in applying the proceeds of this\\nland grant toward the improvement of the navigation of the river Des Moines.\\nThis was a most magnificent grant, embracing some of the best lands in the\\nState; and if the proceeds had been judiciously and properly expended, would\\nhave made a great thoroughfare for steamboats, besides affording an immense\\nwater-power for driving machinery. But, through the incompetency of man-\\naging the means, and the intrigues of designing men, the whole of the lands\\nbelow the Raccoon Fork, and a large quantity above, were disposed of, and\\nvery little practical good accomplished toward the navigation of the river.\\nORIGIN OF THE NAME DES MOINES.\\nIn Nicollet s Report of the Upper Mississippi River, made to Congress,\\nFebruary 16, 1841, and published in 1843, he gives the following account of\\nthe origin of the name of the Des Moines River\\nThe Des Momes is one of the most beautiful and important tributaries of\\nthe Mississippi, north of the Missouri and the metamorphosis which its\\nname has undergone from its original appellation is curious enough to be\\nrecorded.\\nWe are informed that Father Marquette and M. Joliet, during their voy-\\nage in search of the Mississippi, having reached the distance of sixty leagues\\nbelow the mouth of the Wisconsin, observed the foot prints of men on the right\\nside of the great river, which served as a guide to those two celebrated explorers\\nto the discovery of an Indian trail, or path, leading to an extensive prairie, and\\nwhich they determined to follow. Having proceeded about two leagues, they\\nfirst saw one village on the bank of the river, and then two others upon the\\nslope, half a league from the first. The travelers, having halted within hailing\\ndistance, were met by the Indians, who offered them their hospitalities, and rep-\\nresented themselves as belonging to the Illinois nation.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "446 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe name which they gave their settlement was 3fonmgomnas (or Moin-\\ngona, as laid down in the ancient maps of the country), and is a corruption of\\nthe Algonquin word, Mlkouang, signifying at the road, by their customary\\nelliptical manner of designating localities, alluding, in this instance, to the\\nwell-knoAvn road in this section of the country which they used to follow as a\\ncommunication between the head of the lower rapids and their settlement on\\nthe river Avhich empties itself into the Mississippi, to avoid the rapids and this\\nis still the practice of the present inhabitants of the country.\\nNow, after the French had established themselves on the Mississippi, they\\nadopted this name but with their custom (to this day also that of the Creoles)\\nof only pronouncing the first syllable, and applying it to the river as well as to\\nthe Indians who dwelt upon it so they would say, la riviere des Moines {the\\nriver of the Moines) alJez chez les Moines (to go to the Moins people).\\nBut in latter times the inhabitants associated this name with that of the Trappist\\nMonks [Moines de la Trappe), who resided with the Indians of the American\\nbottom.\\nIt was then concluded that the true reading of the riviere des Moi nes was\\nthe ^riviere des Moines, or river of monks, by which name it is design^ ted on\\nall the modern maps. The Sioux, or Ndakotah Indians call the Des Moines\\nInyan-sha-sha-watpa, or Redstone River, from inyan stone sha-sha, redu-\\nplication of sha, red and watpa, river. They call the upper east fork\\nInyan-sha-sha-watpa-sunkaku, the Brother of the Redstone River.\\nTHE CRIMINAL RECORD.\\nThe propriety of admitting to these pages accounts of the criminal events\\nwhich have occurred in the county is a question which, naturally, is suscept-\\nible of different decisions. Some of our readers will contend that the dark side\\nof life ought to find no abiding mention here, while still another portion will\\nargue that no omissions should be made from the calendar of crime. We\\nhave concluded to adopt a rule of our own in this chapter, straining the prerog-\\native of an historian thereby, perhaps, but rather on the side of prudence than\\nthat of license. We shall give accounts of only the three tragedies which have\\ncrimsoned the records of Wapello County, ofrnd resulted in the execution of the\\nguilty offenders against the sacred law of human life. Several homicides have\\nbeen committed in the county since its organization, but in all cases, save the\\nones here related, the perpetrators of the deeds have either been adjudged guilt-\\nless before the law, or have received sentences of imprisonment for terms ran-\\nging from twenty years downward. Minor crimes have also been committed, at\\nvarious times, but the average character of the official records is far above that\\nof many other counties of the State. It is deemed proper to omit all allusion,\\nin detail, to such events, and give merely the important cases, which are decid-\\nedly a part of the county history.\\nFirst, we transcribe from the Courier the following graphic account of the\\nLaura Harvey tragedy and the final punishment of McComb, the murderer.\\nThis is the only legal execution which has taken place in Wapello County.\\nTHE LAURA HARVEY MURDER AND EXECUTION OF McOOMB.\\nOn Tuesday, March 27, 1860, a party consisting of three persons two\\nmen and a woman arrived in this city, and put up at the Jefferson House, then\\nkept by John Potter. They came in a common two-horse wagon, with an extra", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 447\\nhorse tied to the back of it. The team was put up at Mr. Blodgett s livery\\nstable Avhile they remained here. During their stay at the Jefferson House,\\nthey attracted the attention of Mr. Potter s family, as the conversation between\\nthe members of the party was anything but friendly toward the young girl.\\nWhile here, the men did not express themselves very freely as to their destina-\\ntion or designs, but did on several occasions say that they thought they would\\nlocate somewhere near here, as farmers, without, however, coming to any definite\\nconclusion. They remained here unitl Wednesday, about 2 o clock, when they\\nleft for Eddyville, where they arrived the same evening. Here, also, the sus-\\npicion of the landlord was aroused by the conversation heard in their room.\\nThe girl was heard to say that she wished to return to her mother, from whom\\nshe had been stolen. We might here say, however, that, before they left this\\ncity, the men called at Dr. Taylor s drug store and requested him to send for\\nthe Rockford, 111., Daily News, from March 19. for two weeks, and copies of\\nthe Rockford Register^ to be forwarded to Eddyville. They hesitated to give\\ntheir names, but finally gave the name of William Moore. They left Eddy-\\nville on Thursday morning, crossing the bridge southward. Before leaving,\\nthey said they were going a few miles into the country to look at a farm. About\\n11 o clock that morning, they were seen on the Chillicothe road, heading toward\\nthis city.\\nNothing more was seen or heard of them until about 11 o clock the same\\nnight, when Mr. John Prosser, the proprietor of the ferry, Mr. Barnes and two\\nothers were going home from town. They had crossed the river, and had gone\\nsome twenty rods or about half-way to Mr. Prosser s house when a Avagon,\\ndrawn by two horses, and one horse following, and two men aboard, passed\\nrapidly quite near the party, driving toward the ferry. Prosser sent his son\\nto the boat to cross them over, if they desired. The boy went, but they had\\nalready driven into the river, and he saw the two men stooping over the side of\\nthe -wagon and looking into the water, as if they were throwing something into\\nthe stream. It being quite dark, however, he could not see distinctly what the\\nmen were doing. The team drove on in a few minutes, and the boy went home.\\nAbout an hour afterward, a wagon was heard passing Prosser s house, and as\\nthey could not be found next morning, it was supposed they had recrossed.\\nOn Friday morning, March 30, the body of the woman was found a few\\nfeet below the lower ford. When found, it was nearly covered by water, and\\nto some extent by sand. It had been thrown into the channel of the river,\\nbut, coming into contact with a root, it had lodged. Mr. Aumack, the milk-\\nman, first discovered the body. He, with Mr. Prosser and others, placed it in\\na skiff and brought it to this side of the river, where it remained until the arrival\\nof the Coroner. It was conveyed to a building in town, where a jury was impan-\\nneled and an inquest held. A large number of Avitnesses were subpoenaed, and\\ntestified. The body was subjected to a post-mortem examination, wdiich proved\\nthat she had not committed suicide. There were wounds on the head and face\\nwhich were severe and fatal one eye was black and blue, and much swollen,\\nand on the throat were marks of fingers deeply indented, enough to choke a\\nperson to death. The jury, after hearing all the testimony, etc., returned a\\nverdict that the deceased came to her death by blows inflicted upon her head by\\na person or persons to them unknown. As soon as possible, officers and men\\nwere sent out in every direction to secure the perpetrators of this brutal murder.\\nUp to this time, we believe, no names could be found of the girl or murderer,\\nalthough she was identified as the same person who had been at the Jefferson\\nHouse a few days before.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "448 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nA week passed by, and large rewards were offered for their arrest, and\\nyet there were no tidings of the murderers, only that tliey had been traced to\\nIowa City, where a man had sold the horses and harness, which were identified\\nas the same the party of three brought to this city. After that, all efforts were\\nin vain. Meanwhile, letters were written to Rockford, 111., and, in answer, the\\nwhole matter of the names and character of the men were given. It appeared\\nthat all were from Rockford, and their names were George Lawrence, Benjamin\\nA. McComb and Laura J. Harvey.\\nMiss Harvey had been receiving the attentions of Lawrence for some\\ntime, against the wishes of her parents, and it seems that some ten days before\\nthey left for Iowa, they had gone to Beloit, Wis., and there were clandestinely\\nmarried, as she showed her mother the marriage certificate afterward. In a few\\ndays after, she and Lawrence started off in the cars for the Mississippi River.\\nIt appears that McComb, with two of Lawrence s horses and one of his own,\\nstarted after them. It seems to have been a concerted movement between\\nLawrence and McComb. Lawrence had some $700, which, it is said, he stole\\nbefore he left. Nothing more was heard from them until the body of the girl\\nwas found dead.\\nThe general impression was, at the time, that Lawrence and McComb\\nwere both equally guilty of the murder but, as it afterward proved, Lawrence\\nmet the same fate as the girl.\\nOn the 28th of July, 1860, just four months after the murder of Laura\\nJ. Harvey, the body of a man was found in a ravine heading Copperas Creek,\\nabout four miles from this city, eastward. The Coroner impaneled a jury, and\\nsoon the mystery was solved. The flesh was nearly gone, but the skeleton,\\nwith the exception of one leg, was there. The clothes, including coat, vest,\\npants, gaiter-boot on one leg, ami silk cravat around the neck, were in\\npretty good preservation, so much so that they were readily recognized by the\\nwitnesses as those worn by Lawrence while here. Witnesses testified to pecul-\\niar seams in his pants, to the buttons on his coat, and to other articles, so that\\nthere could be no possible doubt of the identity of the man. After hearing all\\nthe testimony, the jury returned a verdict that the deceased was George Law-\\nrence, and that he came to his death by means of a wound inflicted on the head\\nwith a murderous instrument by some person or persons unknown.\\nThe place were the remains were found is, perhaps, as well adapted to the\\npurpose of concealing a dead body as could be found in the vicinity. It was so\\nnear the head of the ravine, and the banks on each side were so steep and pre-\\ncipitous, that everybody would find it easier to go round the head of the ravine\\nthan to attempt to cross it.\\nSo it was, that the mystery of crime was unraveled link by link, until the\\nchain reached to the criminal, and brought him, sooner or later, to justice.\\nThere was no doubt that McComb was the real murderer of both victims. But\\nwhere was he? No clue had yet been found of him. Was it possible that he\\ncould escape the punishment that was due him It is an old saying, that\\nmurder will out, and so it proved to him. Four years had elapsed, and yet\\nhe was free in the world, carrying his double crime with him, until at last his\\ncareer was run.\\nOn the 2d of March, 1864, three ofiicers of Davenport arrested, at a small\\nsaloon, a man supposed to be McComb. He was brought here on the 4th of\\nthe same month. His arrest, as nearly as we can learn, was about as follows\\nA young soldier, stationed at Camp McClellan, and who knew this man\\nMcComb previous to his committing the murder, happened to meet him and", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 44\\nrecognize him. McComb had been in the employ of this young soldier s father\\nfor three years, near Rockford, 111., and was recognized by him instantly. The\\nsoldier, being cognizant of the murder and of the fact that McComb and the girl\\nleft Rockford together, immediately informed the proper oflficers of the fact,\\nwho started at once to find the individual. He was found at the saloon just as\\nhe had concluded a trade with a man for a horse, for which he had paid $180.\\nWhen arrested, he quietly asked What for but made no resistance. The man\\nwho had sold him the horse agreed to give him back |170, and retake the horse,\\nwhich was agreed upon. He seemed flush Avith money and did not evince the\\nleast uneasiness. He said nothing about the affair, and only remarked that all\\nhe wanted was a fair trial. His business at that time appeared to be bounty-\\njumping.\\nW^hen brought to this place, he appeared cheerful and conversed freely with\\nvisitors. He admitted that he was the McComb they were after that he once\\nlived near Rockford but said his name was Lansing B. McComb, instead of\\nBenjamin A. McComb. He said he had been here before, and that he knew\\nGeorge Lawrence, but knew nothing of the murder nor of the Harvey family.\\nSoon after being lodged in jail, he employed attorneys to defend him, but we\\nhave never learned whether he made any effort to get proof of his innocence or\\nnot at least at his trial he had none.\\nOn Tuesday, June 7, 1864, the trial of B. A. McComb commenced before\\nthe District Court, then in session. When the case was called, he appeared by\\nhis counsel and filed his plea of Not guilty. Two applications were made for\\na continuance, one of which was overruled and the other granted, but the con-\\ntinuance was avoided on the part of the State by admitting that he could prove\\nthe allegations set out in his affidavit.\\nAbout one hundred persons were summoned before a jury could be formed.\\nThere was some excitement attending the trial, but it was not of such a charac-\\nter as to prevent his having a fair and impartial hearing. The trial was ably\\nconducted on both sides. The testimony of the Avitnesses corresponded. The\\ncharge of the Judge to the jury was able and comprehensive. During the trial,\\nthe prisoner seemed perfectly calm and easy, apparently taking great interest\\nin the testimony.\\nAfter the charge of the Judge, the jury retired, and remained out some\\nthree-quarters of an hour, when they returned with the following verdict We,\\nthe jury, find the defendant guilty of murder in the first degree.\\nOn Wednesday, June 14, the time having arrived for the sentence, the\\nprisoner was brought into court and the sentence of death passed upon him.\\nWhen the Judge asked him if he could show any cause why sentence should\\nnot be pronounced against him, or if he had anything to say, he replied I\\ndon t know as I have. The Court then sentenced him to be hanged on the\\n27th of July, at 12 o clock M. The prisoner received the sentence without\\nany apparent emotion, preserving the same indifference that he had throughout\\nthe trial.\\nThe case was taken to the Supreme Court, and consequently he was not\\nhanged on the day appointed.\\nOn the day fixed by the District Court for McComb to be hanged, a great\\nmany people from the country who had not, perhaps, heard of the postponement\\nof the execution, or who did not believe it, came in to witness the prisoner\\nreceive his punishment. By noon of that day the streets were crowded with\\npeople, old and young, but up to this time nothing transpired to indicate any\\nunlawful purpose on the part of the multitude. Shortly after noon, however,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "450 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nimpelled, seemmgly by a common purpose, the crowd gathered around the Jail,\\nand the leaders, some dozen persons, avowed their purpose to take the prisoner\\nout and hang him. Several persons addressed the crowd, urging them to\\ndesist, and let the law take its course, which, however, had no apparent restrain-\\ning effect. The Sheriif resisted the execution of their purpose to the best of\\nhis ability.\\nA vote was taken by the mob now numbering some hundreds which\\nwas decided in favor of hanging, after Avhich a rush was made for the door of\\nthe Jail. After a good deal of maneuvering, they finally broke open the back\\ndoor and entered, breaking also the locks on the cell of the prisoner and taking\\nhim out. He asked for an hour, which was given him, to prepare for death.\\nHe was taken into the Catholic Church, and baptized, after which the mob again\\ntook him in charge. The crowd could not decide upon a proper place to exe-\\ncute him, but, after some time, they placed him in a wagon, and took him about\\na mile east of town, where they found a bent tree, and a place fit to carry out\\ntheir design. They got the rope adjusted around his neck, and were about\\nthrowing it over a limb, when McComb requested time to make a few remarks,\\nin substance, that they were hanging an innocent man he said that he could\\nprove that George Lawrence was still living, and that he did not murder Laura\\nJ. Harvey.\\nAt this point a cry was raised all through the crowd, Take him back\\nOthers yelling out Hang him Then a short struggle for the possession of\\nthe rope ensued, when some one called out, Cut it! This was no sooner\\nsaid than done, and the prisoner rescued from the hands of the mob, placed in\\na wagon, driven rapidly to town and lodged again in jail. It was a daring act\\non the part of those who rescued him but they could not stand by and see\\nmob law rule our county.\\nOn Wednesday evening, August 24, McComb escaped from the jail, in\\nbrief as follows: Knowing that the Sheriff (who resides in the Jail), was\\nabsent from home, he, by the means of ofi ering a little boy of the Sheriff s, only\\nabout 11 years old, large sums of money, etc., induced him to unlock his cell\\nand the back door, so that the prisoner had nothing to do but to walk out and\\nescape. He took the boy with him for a short distance, but for some reason\\ndrove him back home.\\nIt appeared that McComb and another prisoner had been tampering with\\nthe boy for some time before, and, taking advantage of the Sheriff s absence,\\nconsummated their design on that evenino;. We will here state, that after a\\nfull investigation of the matter, no blame Avas attached to the Sheriff or Dep-\\nuty, as they had watched the Jail alternately every night, and on that evening\\nthe Sheriff supposed he would be at home in time to watch that night, which\\nhe was at 8 o clock.\\nThe prisoners were pursued in every direction, and on the following Sat-\\nurday morning McComb was recaptured some fifteen miles east of this city and\\nbrought back the same day, and once more lodged in his old quarters.\\nOn Wednesday, August 31, another mob assembled for the purpose of\\nagain trying to execute the prisoner. It was composed mostly of the same\\npersons who constituted the first mob. They found, however, on their arrival\\nhere, that the Jail was so guarded by the military as to render the execution of\\ntheir purpose dangerous to those who attempted it. After having given the\\nmob time to survey the precautions taken to preserve the law, the Sherifi\\nordered them to disperse, which, upon consultation among themselves, they\\nconcluded to do, and did disperse without any further demonstration. The", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 451\\ncitizens of this city had determined previous to this, that mob law should\\nnever again reign over civil law.\\nThe Supreme Court convened in the beginning of December last, and the\\ncase of McComb was argued in its turn. The Court affirmed the decision of\\nthe District Court. It was then left to the Governor to fix the day of execu-\\ntion. He being absent then, and for some time afterward, the day was not\\nfixed until a few weeks ago, and indeed the Sheriff of this county was not\\nofficially advised of the time until last Saturday (the 11th), when he received\\nthe warrant of the Governor, fixing the 17th for the execution. When the\\nprisoner was advised officially of the time, he, as on all occasions, received it\\ncalmly and indifferently, saying nothing, and seemingly caring nothing about\\nit.\\nThe morning of the 17th of February, the day appointed for the expi-\\nation of the great crime was cloudy and snowing moderately. The streets were\\nwet and unpleasant for locomotion. A military company from Kirkville\\narrived at an early hour, and with Companies A and B, of this place, repaired\\nto the Court House to act as guard. Up to 10 o clock, the mumber of stran-\\ngers in town was considerable, but not noticeably large. About that time,\\nhowever, the people began to arrive more freely, until at 12 the crowd proba-\\nbly numbered 2,000.\\nThe Mayor of the city had issued his proclamation requiring all the saloons\\nto be closed, and the order was universally respected as far as is known. It was\\na wise precaution to preserve order. The following twelve persons composed\\nthe jury summoned by the Sheriff, according to law, to witness the execution\\nE. H. Stiles, R. W. Boyd, J. W. McGlasson, Charles Dudley, Thomas Foster,\\nA. Melick, B. D. Baker, John Newman, William A. Nye, M. J. Williams, T.\\nJ. Zollars and Thomas C. Harkins.\\nThe prisoner did not sleep well the night before the execution, as he had\\nnot for several nights previous. He was cheerful, however, as he has been gen-\\nerally throughout his imprisonment. He partook of food in the morning mod-\\nerately. About 9 o clock. Rev. Father Kreckle, Catholic priest of this city, with\\nclerical assistance from abroad, attended in the prisoner s cell to prepare him,\\naccording to the rites of that Church, for the great change about to take place.\\nThe gallows had been erected during the night in the west end of the hall,\\nin front of the cells, the platform raised about five feet from the ground. At\\nabout half past lithe jury were sworn and proceeded to the place of execution.\\nNo other persons were admitted except the guard, clergymen, physicians, Drs.\\nWilliamson and Hinsey, and two or three representatives of the press. The\\nhour of 12 drew near. The officiating priests were still engaged with the\\nprisoner in his cell, he still appearing calm and collected.\\nThe clergymen left the cell, and the Sheriff, assisted by Deputy Reed,\\nproceeded to robe the prisoner for the execution. While this was going on,\\nMcComb remarked to Reed, Bill, I d make a good priest.\\nAt precisely 12 o clock, allowance being made for difference in time-pieces,\\nMcComb, accompanied by Revs. Father Kreckle and McCailly, the Sheriff and\\nDeputy Sheriff Reed, came from the cell. He walked with a firm step. At\\nthe foot of the gallows, a pause of a few minutes was made, while the priest\\noffered prayers, the prisoner responding. At the conclusion of the exercises,\\nthe prisoner walked quickly back across the length of the hall to the cells of his\\nfellow-prisoners, of whom betook leave returning toward the gallows through\\nthe crowd, he shook hands with such persons as he knew, pausing a few minutes\\nand speaking in a low voice to Judge Trimble. He then ascended the scaffold,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "452 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwalking steadily and firmly, and at once deliberately took hold of the rope,\\napparently testing its strength. Being called upon by the Sheriff, he stepped\\nforward near the front of the platform, and spoke distinctly as follows\\nYou have come to see an innocent man hung. I am here upon the gallows\\nwith but a very few minutes to live, and I say to you I am an innocent man.\\nI want you to recollect that I am about to suffer on false testimony. My life\\nhas been sworn away. There is no other State where I could have been\\nconvicted upon this evidence but the State of Iowa. Still, I do not blame any\\nof you. I don t know that I have any enemies here. I may have, but I don t\\nknow them. But, although my enemies will cheat me out of my life, they can t\\ncheat me out of heaven. I have no confession to make. I have made none, and\\nI can give you, if there should be anything published purporting to be McComb s\\nconfession, that you will know that it is false. I want you all to recollect this\\n(repeated several times in the course of his remarks), I am an innocent man,\\nand in three or four years, when it is too late to restore me to life, you will know\\nit. I have only one request to make, that my body, after I am dead, may be\\ntaken down to the Court House and exhibited to those who are my enemies.\\nThe rope was now adjusted around the neck of the prisoner, the black cap\\ndrawn over his face, and his hands and feet tied. The Sheriff, having shaken\\nhands with him, at 12:30 the drop fell, and the soul of McComb was launched\\ninto eternity. He struggled some ten minutes, and then all was still. The\\nphysicians, Drs. Hinsey and Williamson, at 12:51 pronounced life extinct.\\nThe body was taken down, dressed, placed in a coflSn, and conveyed\\nbetween files of soldiers to the lower hall of the Court House, where the people\\nwere permitted to see it. The remains left that evening by express for Rock-\\nford, 111.\\nThus ended this drama. McComb was a man of great fortitude, of\\nimmense physical endurance. He is the man the public have from the beginning\\nbelieved to be the man who committed this awful crime. He persisted to the\\nlast in asserting his innocence; but he had a fair trial, was convicted by a jury\\nof his countryman, and we doubt if any execution ever received the more unani-\\nmous approval of public opinion.\\nTHE WILLIS MURDER LYNCHING OF KEPHART.\\nThe most atrocious murder ever committed in the county of Wapello was\\nthat of the Willis family, mother and two children, by John Kephart. The\\ntragedy occurred near Eddyville in June, 1860, but belongs rather to the his-\\ntory of Jefferson County than to Wapello. The triple murder was performed\\non the soil of the last-named county but the discovery of the crime and the\\nsummary administration of justice took place within the limits of Jefferson\\nCounty.\\nThe details of the shocking affair are here briefly narrated. John Kephart\\nformed the acquaintance of the Willis family, then consisting of William and\\nJane Willis, the parents, and Joseph T., a lad of 12 Maria Jane, a girl of 7,\\nand James Harvey Willis, a lad of 10 children of the aforesaid parents in\\nMuscatine. He had lived in different parts of the State, and seems to have\\nbeen, like his victims, of the lower walks of life.\\nIn the spring of 1860, Kephart agreed to move the Willis family into Mis-\\nsouri. He performed his work, and while they were stopping at a Widow Sny-\\nder s, in Cass County, Mo., Willis suddenly sickened and died. There is rea-\\nson to believe that Kephart administered poison to the man, probably for the\\npurpose of securing to himself the woman Willis, and what little wealth the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 453\\npoor fellow possessed. Mrs. Willis, it is alleged, charged the crime on Kep-\\nhart, but still consented to remain with him, and made no effort to avenge her\\nhu8band s tragic taking-off This fact demonstrates the character of the par-\\nticipants in the subsequent events.\\nAfter the death of Willis, the party lived a vagabond life, and in early June\\nstarted for Kansas. The night of the tragedy they camped near the bridge at\\nEddyville. It was subsequently shown that the man and woman quarreled\\nabout some money affair, and in the night, the man Kephart, a hoary-headed\\nold sinner of about 60 years of age, killed Mrs. Willis with an ax, and the two\\nchildren, Joseph and Maria, with a hammer. The boy James escaped through\\nsome good fortune. Willis concealed the bodies in his wagon, and retraced his\\nsteps toward Missouri. He drove thirty miles with an ox-team before disposing\\nof his ghastly freight, and then sunk the bodies of his victims in Cedar Creek,\\nnear Batavia, Jefferson County.\\nThree or four days after the hiding of the bodies, a fisherman chanced to\\ndiscover the horrid deed. Search was at once instituted, and the wretch over-\\ntaken in Missouri. The crime was easily traced, because of the bungling man-\\nner in which it had been performed.\\nKephart was taken to Fairfield, and there incarcerated in the County Jail.\\nPublic sentiment ran so higli that lynching was openly advocated. July 5,\\nthe feeling crystallized into action, and an immense concourse of people assem-\\nbled about the Jail with the intent to administer prompt judgment. Many of\\nthe leading citizens addressed the mob in vain and finally the guilty wretch\\nwas taken out by force, placed in a wagon, and driven to the spot where the\\nbodies where found. There a rude gallows had already been erected, a grave\\ndug, and all was in readiness for the victim of an indignant populace. At about\\nhalf past 2 the prisoner was brought to the scaftbld after a ride of nearly thirteen\\nmiles. He was, as his deeds showed, a miserable coward, and had nearly fainted\\nfrom fright several times. Finally all was made ready, and the trap fell, launch-\\ning the murderer into eternity. The body was allowed to hang an hour or\\nmore in sight of at least one thousand five hundred persons, a third of whom\\nwere women and children, it is said. The corpse went, in all probability, into\\nthe dissecting-room of some Jefferson County surgeon.\\nThe authorities and law-abiding portion of the people of Jefferson County\\nbitterly condemned the hanging, since the law at that time provided for the\\ndeath penalty, and there was no danger of the prisoner s being allowed to\\nescape. Upon the question of the righteousness of the deed, there naturally is\\na diversified opinion; but there can be no difference of opinion as to the just\\ndeserts of the man. The manner, and not the infliction of the punishment,\\nalone furnishes food for adverse criticism.\\nTHE SHOOTING OF ALBERT M. LOGAN, AND THE LYNCHING OF HIS MURDERER,\\nJOHN SMITH.\\nThe most tragic event which has ever occurred in Ottumwa, was the cold-\\nblooded murder of Officer Albert M. Logan, at the hands of John Smith, or\\nJohn Scott Smith, as he was also called. The scene was intensified by the\\nsubsequent lynching of the murderer, and his execution, in broad daylight, in\\nfront of the City Hall, in Ottumwa. The circumstances of the terrible affair\\nare as follows\\nAbout 9 o clock on the evening of the 28th of June, 1875, Officer Logan^\\nwas performing police duty near the depot building, in Ottumwa, in conjunc-\\ntion with Ofiicer John H. McGee, who had been sent there by Marshal Vannaman", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "454 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\non the report of some petty disturbance. The two policemen discovered nothing\\nto demand their services, and proceeded to patrol the neighborhood. As they\\napproached the depot platform, they detected a company of three men lounging\\nthere, and overheard oneof them remark thathe wasgettingd d drunk. Logan\\nstepped up to the speaker and said, Come with me. The fellow demanded\\nthe officer s authority, when Logan displayed his badge of Assistant Marshal.\\nThe man recognized the insignia of office, and quietly proceeded to accompany\\nLogan up the track toward the business part of town. McGee noticed that one\\nof the men who was first seen with the prisoner got up and followed Logan,\\nand immediately started in the same direction to prevent interference with the\\narrest. When Logan had reached a point on the railroad track midway between\\nCollege and Union streets, Officer McGee saw a flash of light in front of Logan\\nand heard the sharp report of a pistol. He saw Logan jump to the right, when\\nhe beheld the prisoner fire a second shot. McGee drew his own revolver and ran\\nforward to Logan s assistance. Meanwhile, Logan had fallen to the ground,\\npierced through the chest, and expired. McGee did not wait to attend the\\nvictim, but pursued the murderer, who fled down Union street to the alley,\\nthence along the alley, and jumped a fence into an adjoining garden. A crowd\\nof men had assembled by this time, and the bloody wretch, who had escaped a\\nshower of bullets in his flight, was dragged into the alley and there secured.\\nAt the foot of College street lay the corpse of one of the bravest and most\\nhighly esteemed, officers ever on the police force of Ottumwa. Young in years,\\nbut full of courage prompt to perform duty, no matter how dangerous or\\ninvolved, the officer had come to his untimely end at the hands of a desperate\\ncharacter, who was unworthy to receive even passing recognition from his victim\\nwhen alive.\\nIt is not strange that the people of Ottumwa were thrown into a whirl of\\nexcitement, and that the news flew like wildfire throughout the city. Soon\\nthe streets were filled with an angered crowd, and speculations as to where that\\nlawlessness would end were generally indulged in.\\nWhat added to the feeling of indignation was the recollection that, although\\nthe known murderer was then in the hands of the law, that very law prevented\\nthe meting-out to him a just reward for his brutal crime. The State laws, at\\nthat time, did not permit of the carrying-out of that vigorous old Mosaic man-\\ndate a life for a life. Talk of lynching was freely indulged in that night,\\nbut no effort to carry out the threats so frequently made was put in definite\\nform.\\nThe following day, an inquest was held on the body of Logan, and the crime\\nof willful murder fixed on Smith. The hardened sinner admitted that he did\\nthe killing, but supposed that he was shooting Marshal Vannaman instead of\\nLogan.\\nAll the morning of the day following the murder, while the inquest was in\\nprogress, a silent determination to rid the world of a plague grew in the public\\nmind. Where it was originated, or by whom, no one knew still, everybody\\nwas impressed Avith the opinion that the tragedy was not yet ended.\\nAt about 2 P. M., the prisoner was taken to the City Hall f )r preliminary\\nexamination. Marshal Vannaman had charge of him. The street in front of\\nthe Hall was filled with an orderly but ominously quiet crowd of people, while\\nevery foot of room was occupied within the building. Esquire Fetzer presided\\nover the examination, which was merely formal, since Smith waived full exam-\\nination, and was bound over to trial at the District Court, without bonds. The\\nprisoner was not in the court-room many minutes.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 455\\nThe mittimus was made out, and Marshal Vannaman proceeded to return\\nhis charge to the Jail. The crowd in the Hall and on the stairway rushed down\\ninto the street in advance of the culprit- As the officers in charge of Smith\\nreached the doorway on the street, a cry of Hang him was raised. Imme-\\ndiately, with remarkable unity of action and without noise, the jMarshal and\\nhis men were violently pushed away from Smith. They fought like tigers for\\ntheir charge, but were over-powered almost instantly. In the melee Smith had\\nbeen carried some little distance up the street. When the crowd captured him,\\nand forced Vannaman away, he was taken on a quick walk to the lamp-post\\njust in front of the City Hall, on the outer edge of the walk. There he stood,\\nwith sullen and dogged look, viewing the crowd. He realized at that moment\\nwhat violent death meant. He had sent a human being out of life but a few\\nhours before, and now an avenging people were to perform a deed Avhich would\\nend his own reckless existence. What his thoughts were, no man can tell. He\\nwas of too low an intelligence to suffer much more than a brutal agony of fear,\\nlike the coward he was; but it is certain that he did experience all the torments\\ncap ble of realization in such a mind as his.\\nA moment of awful inaction, but merely a moment. From somewhere,\\nno one knows where, a rope appeared. A noose was formed and placed about\\nthe murderer s neck. A dozen hands swung the rope, as though a child were\\nplaying at skipping-the-rope. The first efforts to reach the arm of the lamp-post\\nfailed. At last it lodged across the slender beam, and stout hands hauled upon\\nthe farther end. They pulled the fellow from his feet, and the rope caught in\\nthe post. Some one reached down and lifted the man up. Another pull at the\\nrope and Smith s body hung between heaven and earth. The end of the rope\\nwas fastened about the post, and the victim left to swoy slowly in the air. The\\nbody hung for about ten minutes, when life was pronounced totally extinct, and\\nthe corpse was lowered.\\nThere are several very remarkable facts connected with this hanging. In\\nthe first place, although several hundred persons witnessed the tragedy, not one\\nin all that crowd can swear as to who furnished the rope, who placed it around\\nSmith s neck, who pulled him up, or who fastened the end of the rope about\\nthe lamp-post. Second, it is said by those who have beheld several executions,\\nthat Smith died more easily than most men do from such causes. He was\\ndead before the crowd pulled him up Fright deprived him of life. He made\\nbut one slight convulsion of the neck and shoulders, and was dead. His hands\\nwere cuffed, but his arms and legs were free still he moved not a single muscle.\\nAs to the merits of this case, we have no right to speak. Had Logan\\nbeen spared, that his life would have been a useful one, there is no doubt. Now\\nthat Smith is dead, probably the world is not much the poorer.\\nAlbert M. Logan was born in Decatur County, Ind., and at the time of\\nhis death was twenty-three years of age. He had been a resident of Ottumwa\\nfor four years, first as an employe of the Johnston Rufl^ler Company, and then\\nin various clerical capacities, until he finally obtained a place on the police\\nforce of the city, only a few weeks prior to his death. He was a warm-hearted,\\nopen-countenanced young man, who had hosts of friends. He was a nephew\\nof Sheriff Spillman, then acting in that official character; and a touching coinci-\\ndence is the fact that the murdered man and the murderer were taken to the\\nsame building, the County Jail, where Sheriff Spillman then lived.\\nThe man Smith came of bad stock, and declared himself to be a bad\\none. His father lived at Batavia. At the time of his execution he was about\\nthirty years of age.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "456 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nTHE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.\\nOn the 24th of January, 1852, the Wapello County Agricultural Society\\nwas organized. The meeting of citizens convened at the Court House in Ottum-\\nwa, for that purpose, and the officers elected were as follows President, John\\nW. Hedrick Vice President, G. D. Hackworth Treasurer, Bela White\\nSecretary, J. W. Norris. The Board of Managers was made up of one from\\neach township, as follows Center, Uriah Biggs Dahlonega, William Rowell\\nAgency, Jesse Brookshire Pleasant, James Hill Washington, Franklin\\nNewell Richland, J. D. Bevans Highland, B. B. Stephens Competine,\\nAndrew Majors Columbia, Levi Jenkins Cass, William A. Nye Polk,\\nEdward Pedigo Adams, Joseph Wood Greene, D. H. Michael Keokuk, W.\\nC. Mclntire. This meeting passed off very harmoniously, and a good many\\npersons became members of the society. Though a fair Avas planned for the\\nfirst year, it did not come off, owing to the fact that the farmers throughout the\\ncounty had hardly become waked up enough in interest for such an event. But\\non the 14th of October, 1853, the first fair took place, and very successfully,\\ntoo. There were at least two thousand persons present, and a very commend-\\nable show of stock and articles for competition. The number and variety of\\ncattle on exhibition was a source of pride to all interested in the quality of\\nfarming stock. After the fair was over, an election of officers took place, when\\nMr. J. W. Hedrick was again chosen President, E. Washburn, Treasurer, and\\nR. H. Warden, Secretary. The second list of township Directors was as fol-\\nloAvs: Columbia, J. W. Norris Cass, John Johnson; Richland, J. H*. Devol\\nHighland, M. W. McChesney Competine, H. Risley Pleasant, A. B. Per-\\nsons Washington, T. Foster Agency, Charles Dudley Keokuk, Joseph Mc-\\nlntire Greene, M. Tullis Adams, J. P. Brock Dahlonega, Jonathan Thomp-\\nson Center, U. Biggs. As there was no member of the society at that time\\nfrom Polk Township, that was not represented in the Board.\\nThe records of this society have been so fully preserved in the books, as\\nwell as in the county newspapers, that we feel it unnecessary to elaborate the\\nproceedings here. From the first, the society has prospered, and has been as\\ncomplete a success as might naturally be expected in so good a county. Annual\\nmeetings are kept up, and reference to the Secretary s books is made, if our\\nreaders desire a detailed account of them at any time. A transcript of them\\nhere would occupy too much space.\\nSPECULATIVE AND PROPHETIC.\\nThe man who cannot find something to love and applaud in the land he has\\nchosen for a home is devoid of the elements of patriotism that devotion which\\ncements these States and preserves the Union in indissoluble bonds. But where\\none finds a region so abundant in natural advantages, so enchanting in landscape,\\nand so salubrious in climate as this in which we write these lines, the lack of\\npatriotic enthusiasm falls little below a crime in magnitude and character.\\nThat such a deficiency does not exist in the hearts of Wapello County men\\nand women we have learned by personal investigation. The residents are proud\\nof their homes and ambitious that the world should know of it. Naturesmiled\\nwhen these broad acres were perfected. The gradual action of the elements\\nresulted in artistic forms of hillock, plain and valley, as though the creative", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "-Sp**-**?-\\nO TTU MWA", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 459\\nforce had endowed the agents of transformation with esthetic attributes. The\\n;rude touches of the landscape are found where the water-courses still push their\\nway through gorge and marsh, and offer a protest against criticism, as though\\nto impress one with the idea that their work is but half performed. As an artist\\nmight turn in angry warning upon one who was bold enough to speak harshly\\nof his sketch when but half completed, so do the smaller streams speak volumes\\nto the thoughtful mind which is prepared by culture to commune with Nature.\\nThe graceful sweep of field, which now gladdens the heart of the expectant\\nhusbandman, was once the bed of such a stream as this. Ages ago, the process\\nof evolution began, and countless years have passed since first the impeding\\ntwigs or pebbles changed the direction of the waters. The results of Nature s\\nceaseless workings are now beheld in the lovely range of prairies, dotted with\\nhomesteads and beautified by waving grain.\\nThere is a township in the county known as Richland. The traveler may\\nwrell pause to admire the scene and speculate upon the comparative beauties of\\nthe original and modern region. It is almost impossible for man to conceive of\\na more delightful combination of hill and dell than that which uprolls itself\\nbefore his eye, in grateful succession, as he journeys slowly through it. The\\npopular Eastern idea of Iowa is that the monotony of landscape is wearisome\\nto eye and brain that the prairie reaches away like some limitless sea, which\\nis unruffled by a breeze until the horizon swallows it up in very desperation.\\nThe truth is, that no Eastern field presents the variety of conformation that\\nthese fertile ranges do. From some elevation one may see far away, but from\\na carriage one s vision is intercepted before the eye is fairly satisfied with the\\nglimpse obtained. The waves of land are not in mathematical regularity, like\\nsome humanly planned creation, but are as broken in outline as the face of some\\ngreat mountain. The characteristic difference between mountain and prairie is\\nthat the former is crude, from upheaval of rock and from the action of mighty\\ntempests, while here, the gradual mounds have been shaped by the constant\\ndeposit of sediment from the stream that lapped the base. The sinuous course\\nof rivers is traceable as distinctly as when the northern waters rushed through\\ntheir winding beds. Here a gentle ascent widens and lifts itself into a rid we\\nwhich bends with graceful sweep, but increasing proportions, far out of si^ht\\nbehind the mound yonder. Two rivers met here, one day, and ever after sep-\\narated, to unite again where the ridge descends to the level of the plain. The\\nmound was once an island, caused by the eddy that swirled just beyond the\\nforce of the river stream.\\nThus has the prairie land been made, as is explained in the article upon the\\ngeological formation of the county.\\nHow marked have been the transformations in the social world since the\\norganization of Wapello County The slow-moving ox-cart has given place to\\nthe stately family carriage the patient beast to the spirited, blooded horse.\\nThose who made pilgrimages to primitive altars for the worship of God now\\nbow their heads in costly piles of stone and brick, and offer devotional sacri-\\nfices in the scores of church edifices which stand so thickly in every portion of\\nthe land.\\nSchoolhouses have been erected at almost all the crossings of section-line\\nroads, and educational advantages are offered the children of the pioneers. Nor\\nis the system of instruction as of old, but a slow, inadequate exercise of the\\nmental powers. The methods then were like the ox-cart itself in movement and\\nresult all was plodding, heavy, ungraceful, unskilled. But now the youthful\\nl)rain is stimulated by the most carefully arranged gradations. The child, from", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "460 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nthe first, has just the point of intelligence appealed to that is necessary for his\\nswiftest growth. And with the mental stimulus the physical is roused as well\\nthe whole nature is included in the training. By rapid and certain stages, the\\npupil is brought to the desired knowledge, and the result is a quick and well-\\nbalanced development that shames the cumbrous growth of earlier years. There\\nneed no longer be any proportion of illiterate persons in the census return s.\\nThe avenues to education are as open as the highways, and he who will not\\nwalk at least a little way in them must be indeed a blind and unworthy creat-\\nure. That which a large proportion of our fathers and forefathers lacked was\\nopportunity.. With capacities equal to those of the present, circumstances often\\ndwarfed and misdirected them. But this cannot be urged now. In all direc-\\ntions the scope has widened male and female alike have the range of all fields\\nof learning. But a few years ago, the question of the equal education of the\\nsexes was one that agitated the enlightened world to-day it is practically set-\\ntled and what then seemed to involve momentous resolution, and possibly\\nlarge social destruction, is now one of the smoothest-running wheels in the\\nwhole machinery of life. Thus rapid have been the steps toward enlighten-\\nment thus long and grand the strides toward universal freedom.\\nA prophet who should in this day attempt to forecast the future could\\nscarcely dip his wand in too bright colors. He would be safe in exaggeration,\\nsafe in seeming to exceed even the bounds of possibility. From the near past,\\nwhat may we not hope and expect in the near future We are growing to look\\nupon miracles as commonplace. The bump of wonder is likely to be wholly\\nobliterated from the phrenological chart. And the West, young and vigorous\\nas it is, is not a whit behind older civilization, but leads off already in many\\nways, and is likely yet to distance all by the strength of its sinews and the\\ncourage of its health.\\nThese reflections come up naturally from the contemplation of a portion of\\ncountry like this county of Wapello, which we have been studying in all its\\nphases, with a view to a thorough understanding of its present status and of\\nits future possibilities. It would be too much like flattery to apply them strictly\\nto Wapello but it is simply truth to apply them to the West as a whole, and\\nsurely no one will deny that Wapello is a typical Western region.\\nOne sure sign of continued progress is that progress no longer startles\\npeople. With what sang froid even the wonders of the telephone are accepted\\nfor within the year of the application of that wonderful principle, we find that\\nbusiness men here, as in older places, make nothing of connecting their houses\\nand ofiices with the bewitched wire on which speech travels audibly. It is not\\na matter of wonder it is accepted as the most natural and commonplace thing\\nin the world. No one s equiuimity is disturbed, no one s pulse quickened.\\nThe tendency is to universalize. Regions no longer produce types all are\\ncosmopolitan. The West, which was for a long time the synonym of the New,\\nthe Crude, the Out-of-reach, is to-day just as accessible, just as central, has just\\nas many advantages as the East, and it is a little younger and spryer, and\\nmore eager and more daring, and, for that reason, rather leads in the march.\\nWe have said that the West wonders at nothing, and yet the world wonders at\\nthe West.\\nIt is by comparison that we best mark progress. It will be interesting, and\\nno doubt even amusing, a quarter of a century hence, to take, for example, the\\npages of this history, and, reading of Wapello County as it was, to note how\\nold-fashioned and moderate were our estimates of its possibilities from the height\\nof its achievement to look back to the level of its aspirations. Some may then", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 461\\nspeak of its early days with perhaps the half-pitying, half-charitable affection with\\nwhich men speak of their youth. Yet there never Avill be a day when Wapello\\nwill not be proud of its youth of that youth s mighty brawn, of its equal\\ncourage, of its efforts that would not be stinted, of its determination that would\\nnot be balked. There never will be a day when the men who began the struc-\\nture, and laid its foundations so strong and broad, will not be gratefully remem-\\nbered by those who are at work on its towers and pinnacles, and adding the fin-\\nishing beauty to its vastness. Had the pioneer been shiftless and idle and uncivil-\\nized, the generations that followed him would have been the same. But we are\\nsafe in hoping what Ave do when we remember from what seed the present has\\nsprung. It is not arrogating all the greatness to To-day, but it is giving honor\\nto Yesterday, when we boast of what is being done, and augur for the future still\\nmore remarkable achievements. It is because the root was sound that the\\nplant has thriven and flowered so beautifully. Honor to the pioneer Honor\\nto the good right arm that turned the fruitful furrow Honor to the patient\\nones who helped him to toil and build and endure\\nOTTUMWA.\\nOttumwa, the city of perseverance or self-will, as the name implies, according\\nto authorities cited further on in this chapter, stands on more hills than Rome\\ncan boast, and is beautiful for situation. Before we enter upon the work of\\ntelling how the hand of man wrought the mighty changes everywhere apparent,\\nlet us step upon one of the commanding eminences and view the scene of to-day.\\nHere, from this hill, can be seen the river, winding far away. The valley\\nat our feet teems with life. To the northward, the enterprise which gives move-\\nment to the industrial institutions of the town the water-power utilizes the\\nvast force of the river and brings it under the control of man. Southward,\\nalong the lowland, are seen the nucleus of future developments. Unfinished\\nwalls tell of the confidence reposed in the locality by men of capital, and attract\\nto themselves still other manufacturing interests. Like unto the mysterious\\ninfluence of the magnet are those silent forces with which investments are con-\\ntrolled by preceding ventures. Where once the movement is begun, the tide of\\nprosperity is almost certain to flow. And all this is natural enough, since\\nthe first effort is likely to be made only after serious consideration of advantages\\nto the investor. Let that vital question be once decided and it remains settled\\nfor all time, or at least for so long a period as the leading local agencies prove\\nworthy of foreign aid. Ottumwa is fortunate in the character of her leading\\nmen. They are alive to modern enterpi-ise and court the sustaining power wl.ich\\nforeign wealth can impart to the town.\\nHence, we notice from our post of observation the evidences of two essen-\\ntial elements of prosperity. First, the work which nature did in this region\\nwas well performed and second, the men whom fate located here are of the\\nright stamp to use the gifts of nature prudently and to their full value. The\\nriver is broad, the supply of water is practically limitless and the means of\\ndiverting it into practicable channels for daily use are both economic and easy\\nof control. The region roundabout is fertile and, as yet, in its infancy of pro-\\nductiveness. Beneath the surface of the earth lie vast beds of rich coal, which\\ncan be employed readily for fuel or as an article of commerce.\\nAs we stand here, gazing at this busy town, with the churches and school\\nhouses, its streets of business blocks and its homes of elegance and refinement,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "462 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwhich betoken so high a degree of prosperity among its people, we find ourselves\\nasking From whence came all this Let us take up the answer in its fullest\\nTHE APPANOOSE RAPIDS COMPANY.\\nWhen it became apparent that the flood of emigration was moving in the\\ndirection of the Des Moines, westward from Jefferson County, there were\\nshrewd men ready to perceive the possibilities incident to so marked a growth\\nin settlement. Before the binding acts of legislation had been approved, by\\nwhich the boundaries of this county Avere defined, it was practically decided\\nthat the new counties west of Jeff erson were to be of uniform size. Each\\ndivision was to be twelve Congressional townships, or eighteen miles north and\\nsouth by twenty-four miles east and west. In 1842, the cession of Indian\\nland included a i-ange westward almost to the western line of what is now\\nMonroe County, and left Wapello in full possession of the whites after the\\nexpiration of the date of limit. May 1, 1843. Ample time was afforded those\\nwho were speculatively inclined to consider ways and means of effecting judi-\\ncious investments. Such men brought to their aid the well-known facts that\\nthe new counties would be regular in shape, as intimated above and, also, that\\nit was the intent of those in authority to locate the seat of justice in each\\ncounty as near the center of the county as natural conformation of the land\\nwould permit.\\nWisely basing their calculations on these premises, a company of men per-\\nfected an organization for the purpose of improving the opportunity off ered for\\ninvestment in the lands soon to become part of the public domain. The re-\\nstrictions placed upon the people by the terms of the treaty prevented an\\naccurate survey in the lands of this county prior to the 1st of May, but,\\nnotwithstanding the vigilance of the dragoon, it is a fact that a random line\\nwas run westward from Jefferson County through this section, in the fall of\\n1842 or winter of 1843, by John Arrowsmith, and the geographical center of\\nthe county thereby established. It was the intention of these men to lay claim\\nto the lands at the center and in the vicinity thereof, and patiently await the\\ninevitable location of a town thereon. No records could be made or permanent\\norganization accomplished until the all-important 1st of May, but the unwritten\\nhistory of those days shows a spirit of watchfulness that must ever eventuate in\\nsuccess.\\nThe time arrived when overt acts were possible. The claims were made\\non what was estimated to be the center of the county.\\nOn the 20th day of May, 1843, J. R. McBeth, Uriah Biggs, John Lewis,\\nThomas D. Erans, Paul C. Jeffries, Hugh George, David Glass, Sewell Kenny,\\nWilliam Dewey and Milton Jamieson met in the embryonic metropolis of\\nOttumwa, and entered into formal articles of association for the better organi-\\nzation of the Appanoose Rapids Company.\\nThe quoted portion of the above paragraph proves that a preliminary\\norganization had been made. By these articles, the original of which is before\\nthe writer, it is shown that the Company were proprietors of the following prop-\\nerty or claims near and adjoining the Appanoose Rapids of the Des Moines River,\\nknown by the Indian name of Ottumwa, in Wapello County, Iowa Territory,\\nviz.: What is supposed to be the northeast quarter and the southeast quarter\\nand the east half of the northwest quarter and the east half of the southwest\\nquarter of Section 24 and so much of the north half of Section 25 as lies on\\nthe left bank of the said river, including the island therein, in Town 72 north,\\nRange 14 west and also the west half of Section 30, Town 72 north. Range", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 463\\n13 west, and the southwest quarter of Section 19, Town 72 north, Range 13\\nwest. The articles of agreement continue as follews\\nEach of said proprietors, or their successors, shall pay a portion of the expenses and debts\\nof the Company, proportionate to the share held by him, whether said debts and expenses may\\nhave been previously contracted in the prosecution of the designs of the Company and for their\\nbenefit, or may be hereafter incurred to carry out this agreement. It is further agreed that the\\naforesaid proprietors shall continue to lay out, and cause to be platted and numbered, the town\\nnow in part surveyed by John Arrowsmith. And the aforesaid proprietors hereby bmd them-\\nselves and their assigns to use all legal and honorable means, jointly and separately, to procure\\nthe location of the seat of justice for the said county of Wapello at said town and in furtherance\\nof this object, the aforesaid proprietors do hereby bind themselves, their heirs and assigns, to donate\\nto said county of Wapello every alternate lot in said town, or that may be laid out in said town,\\nthe proprietors holding the one-half of said town, and the said county the other half, so as to\\nmake as legal a division as practicable provided that the county seat shall be located in said\\ntown and provided, also, that the said donation shall not exceed one quarter section (160 acres),\\nincluding streets, alleys and public grounds. It is also agreed, and the said proprietors hereby bind\\nthemselves, their heirs and assigns, to donate the mill seat at the rapids aforesaid, with a sutfi-\\ncient quantity of ground for milling purposes, to any good and sufficient person or persons who\\nwill bind him or themselves to erect a flouring or saw-mill thereon, at such time as the Company\\nmay hereafter determine, and build a dam and sufficient lock. [The ambiguity of that last sen-\\ntence has been explained to mean that the building of the dam and lock also devolved on the\\nparty accepting the donation of lands for milling purposes. Ed.] It is also agreed that the\\nparts of the claims not laid out in town lots shall be held as the joint property of the Company,\\nas tenants in common, and is hereby reserved from sale as a fund to insure the perfecting of the\\ntitle to the land sales, and then to be divided between the parties, or their heirs or assigns,\\nagreeably to the shares they may represent.\\nAny proprietor, or his heirs or assigns, failing to furnish and pay his due proportion of the\\npurchase money when the said claims are offered for sale by the General Government, he or they\\nare to foi-feit his or their right and share to those who pay.\\nThe Company shall hold regular stated meetings for the transaction of business, and th\u00c2\u00bb\\nofficers of said Company shall be a President and Secretary. The duties of the President shall\\nbe to preside at all meetings of the Company for business, etc., but in his absence the Company\\nmay select one pro tern. The duties of the Secretary shall be to keep a record of the proceed-\\nings of the Company, and such other duties as the Company may direct. A majority of the\\nCompany shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and any number may call a\\nspecial meeting at any time by giving reasonable notice to the different members of the Company of\\nthe time and place of meeting. For convenience in the transaction of business, it is agreed that the\\naforesaid claims shall consist of twenty-four equal shares, to be held by the proprietors as ten-\\nants in common, to wit: J. R. McBeth shall hold and be entitled to two shares, Uriah Biggs\\ntwo shares, .John D. Elbert two shares, John Lewis two shares, Paul C. Jeffries four shares,\\nHugh George two shares, David Glass two shares, William Dewey one share, Sewall Kenny one\\nshare, Thomas Devin two shares, and Thomas D. Evans four shares.\\nThen follow the attestation and signatures. The inconsistency in the\\napportionment of shares is not explained. The four shares assigned to Mr. Jef-\\nfries were to be divided between himself and Milton Jamieson whenever Mr.\\nJamieson should sign the articles of agreement. The shares held by Uriah\\nBiggs were to be transferred to Thomas Devin on the same conditions.\\nAt this first meeting, Uriah Biggs was appointed President pro tem., and\\nJ. R. McBeth, Secretary pro tem.\\nThe second meeting of the Company was held May 22, or two days after\\nthe signing of the articles of association. At this time the following bills were\\nallowed\\nJ. R. McBeth, cash paid out for Company in 1842 i?ll 88\\nUriah Biggs, for same [meaning similar service] 3 37i\\nJohn Arrowsmith, for surveying 29 00\\nThe latter claim, coupled with the facts set forth below, are evidence that\\nthe statement in the body of the articles, viz.: the pro-\\nprietors shall continue to lay out tj^g town, implied the\\nplatting of the town site early in May of that year, by Mr. Arrowsmith.\\nThe Company proceeded at this meeting to set aside the lots designed as a\\ndonation to the county, provided the seat of justice was located thereat. The", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "464 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nact organizing the county was not approved, it should be remembered, until the\\nfollowing year, or February 13, 1844. All that the Company could do was to\\noffer an inducement for the selection of the site of Ottumwa as the seat. It was,\\ntherefore, agreed that the following-named lots be designated as county property\\nunder the circumstances mentioned herein\\nLots 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 in Blocks 1, 3, 5 and 7 Lots 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11\\nin Blocks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 Lots 2, 6, 8 and 10 in\\nBlocks 2, 4, 6 and 8 Lots 1, 3, 5 and 7 in Blocks 20, 21 Lots 2, 4 and 6,\\nin Blocks 22 and 23 Lots 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in Blocks 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,\\n29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 39 Lots 1, 3 and 5 in Blocks 38\\nand 40.\\nThere appears evidence of certain concessions on the part of David Smith,\\nWilliam H. Galbraith, George F. Buckhalter and John W. Ayers, in the\\nrecords at this point; for the Company confirmed to the donees an undi-\\nvided half of Lot 4, Block 37 (to Smith) and Lot 6, Block 20, Lot 10, Block\\n15 (to Galbraith and Ayres) and Lot 10, Block 11 (to Buckhalter). These\\nmen do not appear as proprietors of the town, but merely as having a right in\\nequity to a certain share of the property.\\nThe terras of sale were fixed at one-third of the purchase money in six\\nmonths, one-third in twelve months, and the balance when the title became\\nperfected in the company through formal entry. The lands included in the\\nIndian New Purchase, as the ceded tract was usually called, were not subject\\nto entry for some years after the date now written about. The Company, to\\ninduce cash payments, offered a discount of 20 per cent on sales where the\\nfirst two installments were met in advance, and still another discount of 15 per\\ncent to those who should build houses on their lots within three months from\\nthe time of purchase. The houses were required to be of hewed logs, with\\nshingle roofs and stone or brick chimneys, and two floors of planks.\\nJ. R. McBeth was chosen Agent of the Company pro tem., and author-\\nized to sell lots and give bonds for deeds when the titles shall be perfected, and\\nto take notes from purchasers according to the terms agreed upon in the\\narticles.\\nOn the 6th of June, the Company resolved to set off three lots to each\\nshare, so that the members might act independently in the matter of improve-\\nment. The division was made by drawing numbered slips of paper from a\\nreceptacle of some sort. Prior to the drawing, the following lots were reserved,\\nto be sold at the prices indicated, for the mutual benefit of the Company\\nBlock 20, Lot 2 |100 Block 29, Lot 12 |100\\nBlock 20, Lots 110 Block HO, Lot 8 100\\nBlock 21, Lot 2 75 Block 30, Lot 10 100\\nBlock 21, Lot 8 120 Block 80, Lot 12 150\\nBlock 22, Lot 1 140 Block 81, Lot 6 180\\nBlock 22, Lot 5 110 Block 31, Lot 10 100\\nBlock 23, Lot 1 110 Block 31, Lot 12 130\\nBlock 23 Lot 5 100 Block 32, Lot 6 100\\nBlock 29, Lot 8 75 Block 32, Lot 10 75\\nBlock 29, Lot 10 75 Block 32, Lot 12 100\\nGeorge Arrowsmith was appointed to prepare the list of lots, or to arrange\\nas many lists of three each as there were shares represented by the Company.\\nThe drawing resulted as follows\\nJ. R McBeth drew Lot, Block 30; Lot 10, Block 36; Lot 9, Block 4; Lot 12, Block 18\\nLot e, Block 39 Lot 4, Block 29.\\nUriah Biggs drew 4, 81 8, 36; 7, 4 8, 19; 6, 29; 12, 25.\\nUriah Biggs, as agent for Thomas Devin, drew 6, 33 10, 28; 10, 10 12, 37 8, 24 8, 3.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 465\\nThomas D. Evans drew 8, 31 8, 34 2, 35 2, 32 12, 28 10, 11 6, 23 2, 19 6, 5\\n12, 83; 8, 12; 6, 11.\\nMilton Jamieson drew 6, 19 8, 28 6, 28 4, 30 4, 19 10, 3.\\nJ. Lewis drew 8, 32 6, 85 8. 5 2, 37 12, 11; 2, 14.\\nJ. D. Elbert drew 10, 19; 12, 24; 10, 25; 5, 21 12, 10; 10, 5.\\nPaul Jeffries drew 8, 22; 10, 33; 6, 14; 2, 31 12, 86; 6, 3.\\nWilliam Dewey drew 6, 36 10, 12 8, l(i.\\nSewall Kenny drew 4, 32; 10, 24; 4, 14.\\nHugh George drew 12, 19 2, 29 12, 27 6, 37 10, 34 4, 35.\\nDavid Glass drew 10, 37 8, 13 8, 11 2, 23 8, 33 12, 14.\\nAt this meeting, Lot 4, Block 28, was donated to David Hall and the\\nundivided half of Lot 4, Block 27, half of which had already been given him,\\nwas transferred to David Smith.\\nOn the 3d day of July, the Company forbade any one cutting timber from the\\nsouthern face of the hill in and adjoining town. It was also resolved that\\nno streets and alleys be hereafter fenced in, and all fences now built on any\\nstreet or alley be removed as soon as the present crops are gathered.\\nJuly 4, the Company celebrated by holding another meeting. There\\nseems to have been but little diversion, except to meet and transact business.\\nJohn Lewis sold one-half of his interest in the Company to John D. Elbert, at\\nthis meeting.\\nIt was agreed that a further disposition of lots be made, conditional upon\\neach member building a hewed-log or framed house in the town within three\\nmonths, provided the same could be done out of the proceeds of the sale of\\nlots.\\nThe Company met on the 5th of July and proceeded to entertain itself by\\n3, second game of chance in drawing lots. As this seems to have been a favor-\\nite occupation, it is needless to give further record of the transfers.\\nA street, \u00e2\u0096\u00a066 feet wide to run around the sides and rear of town, was\\nordered surveyed.\\nAugust 3 was the regular date for the next meeting, and the Secretary,\\nWilliam Dewey, thus casts a fadeless stigma on the Company for its dereliction\\nof duty\\nOttumwa, August 3 (Thursday), 1843.\\nPresent, nobody. Business, none. Proprietors not deeming the hour of sufficient impor-\\ntance to be attended to, did not meet. William Dewey, Secretary.\\nTHE FIRST MILL.\\nOn the 11th of August, the Company received a proposition from Francis\\nW. Harrow and others, of Indiana, to erect a dam, lock and mills, both saw\\nand flouring, on condition of a donation of three and a half acres of land.\\nThe consent of William Ross, who owned the claim on the opposite side of the\\nriver, was obtained, and formal articles of agreement were entered into.\\nFrom November 2, 1843, to June 3, 1844, no meetings were held by the\\nCompany, so far as any records show. At the latter date, a committee was\\nappointed to confer with the County Commissioners in relation to the exchange\\nof bonds for deeds to lots, etc. An important fact had been accomplished\\nmeanwhile. Wapello County had been legally organized a commission had\\nbeen appointed by the Legislature to locate the seat of justice therein, and the\\nApfianoose Rapids Company had been eminently successful in the attainment\\nof its purpose.\\nOTTUMWA WAS CHOSEN AS THE COUNTY SEAT.\\nThe selection was made in May, 1844, by Joseph B. Davis, of Washington\\nCounty John H. Randolph, of Henry County, and Solomon Jackson, of Lee", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "466 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nCounty, who were designated in the organizing act as Commissiouers for that\\npurpose.\\nAn amicable arrangement Avas made between the County Board and the\\nCompany, about the 1st of June, and an exchange of bonds was made.\\nMessrs. Kenny, Biggs and jpewis were appointed a committee to select a\\nsite for a Court House, and reported in favor of the lot nearly opposite the\\npresent City Hall.\\nTHE FIRST COURT HOUSE.\\nThe Company bound itself to erect a Court House, Messrs. John Fuller,\\nPaul C. Jeffries and J. R. McBeth acting as a Building Committee.\\nAn amusing and suggestive item is obtained from the minutes of the meet-\\ning of July 1, 1844. Mr. Jeffries was allowed 5 cents per folio for tran-\\nscribing the records of the Company, and also 75 cents for a suitable book in\\nwhich to write them. The book into which the important transactions were\\ntransferred was nothing less than an old hotel register, or a common three-quire\\nblank book, which had been used in some Kentucky (we infer from the places)\\ninn, as far back as 1839. Books and stationery were scarce articles in those\\ndays, and Mr. Jeffries was obliged to utilize such materials as were at hand.\\nThe Recorder was allowed f 7.50 for recording the town plat.\\nJohn Fuller was allowed $1.75 for carrying the surveyor s chain during the\\nplatting of the town,\\nPaul C. Jeffries was also paid $5.50 for driving stakes and hauling corner-\\nstones to mark the outlots.\\nIn the original division of lots, certain parcels of land were transferred to\\nDavid Glass, Paul C. Jeffries, David Smith, J. R. McBeth and Hugh George,\\nwhich were desired by the Mill Company, when a selection for that purpose was\\nmade. On that account these men relinquished their title to their first choice,\\nand placed the lots at the disposal of the all-important mill men.\\nA public sale of lots was held July 4, 1844.\\nAt a meeting held September 18, 1845, a bond executed by David Arm-\\nstrong, Joel Myers and Thomas C. Coffin, dated December 5, 1843, but for\\nsome reason not entered on the Company s records, was duly entered and attested,\\nshowing an agreement between the parties to erect a dam across the river at\\nOttumwa.\\nDuring the years 1846-47, no meetings of importance were held, but when\\nthe time arrived for the pre-emption of the land, when it was offered for sale at\\nFairfield, the meetings were more frequent and urgent.\\nIn March, 1848, Uriah Biggs and David Glass were appointed agents to\\nmake the required purchase, and on the 23d of that month a distribution of the\\nproperty among the shareholders took place.\\nNo further records of the Company can be found, although careful search\\nhas been made several times by legal gentlemen interested in suits growing out\\nof the questions of titles.\\nThe Company no longer exists. It has gone the way of earthly organiza-\\ntions, and has entered the great list of the majority who have gone on before.\\nThe doings and the sayings of the original band of speculators would form a\\nmost interesting chapter for those Avho are concerned in Ottumwa, and the\\nabsence of fuller records is to be regretted.\\nTHE NAME.\\nThe Indian name Ottumwa was retained by the Appanoose Rapids Company,,\\nalthough for a time, in 1844, the new village was called Louisville, at the sug-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 467\\ngestion of the Locating Commissioners. That title was soon discarded and the\\noriginal name resumed. The good sense of the proprietors in thus perpet-\\nuating an Indian name, and attaching to their town a distinctive designation^\\nappropriate because of its selection by the aborigines and desirable because of\\nits dissimilarity to all other names in the country, is clearly shown. The act\\nwhich made Ottumwa the name of the future metropolis of Southeastern Iowa\\nwas wise and sensible.\\nOne authority on the signification of Ottumwa says that the name came\\nabout in this wise There was a time when the Sacs and Foxes then\\nresiding upon the Iowa, Cedar, Skunk and more eastern streams in the State\\nfound it convenient or necessary to extend their borders toward the setting sun,\\nand for that purpose sent out colonies, one of which located on the banks of the\\nDes Moines, in this vicinity, the place receiving the name of Ottumwa, or\\nthe place of the departed. Mr. Smart, once the interpreter for the Indians,\\nwhen they lived in this region, disputes the above, and says that Ottum-\\nwanoc (swift v/ater) was the name applied by the Indians to the rapids in the\\nDes Moines River at this place. Still another version, given by one familiar\\nwith the Indian tongue, is that Ottumwa is applied to one or a small number of\\npersons who live alone or off by themselves. Noc means place. The Indians\\ncalled it Ottumwanoc, or the place of the hermits, because Appanoose and his\\nband left the rest of the tribe on the Iowa River and built a village where\\nOttumwa now stands. The rest of the tribe called them Ottumwa, and the\\nvillage Ottumwanoc. The term was applied to old Appanoose by Wapello\\nand others, one authority declares, in a spirit of disgust at his strong will,\\nwhich enabled him to resist the earnest invitations of his brothers to leave his\\nlone camp and unite with them. The Lone Chief was treated to many a\\nUgh, ugh! because of his ^strength of mind and determination to abide in\\nOttumwanoc. This last interpretation seems peculiarly fitted to the place, and\\nshould be, in justice to the people of Ottumwa. esteemed the proper one. The\\nspirit of Appanoose dwells here still. Determined, strong and devoted to their\\nlocality, the modern inhabitants emulate the example of Appanoose. They\\nmake their town an abiding-place of a powerful will, and through the exercise\\nof that power achieve success.\\nUriah Biggs, one of the original Appanoose Rapids Company, is\\nauthority for the statement that Ottumwanoc means the place of\\nperseverance or self-will, because of Appanoose s dogged determination to\\nremain there. Mr. Biggs declared that the Indians themselves so informed\\nhim.\\nLOCATION OF THE POST OFFICE.\\nAccording to the statement made by Mr. Biggs in the Annals of Iowa,\\nOctober, 1865, the post office was located at Ottumwa early in 1843, while the\\nname of the place was still Louisville. A sharp fight ensued over the question\\nof a name, but Ottumwa was finally decided upon.\\nTHE ORIGINAL PLAT OF OTTUMWA\\ncontained 467 acres. It was designed to erect the Court House on the south-\\neast fractional quarter of Section 24, The land was legally pre-empted, under\\nthe act of Congress of May 26, 1824, on the 9th day of September, 1845.\\nThe original company of proprietors no longer exists, even by succession of\\ninterests.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "468 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nINDIAN CAMP-GROUNDS.\\nIn 1840 and 1841, Major Beach used to hold Indian counsels in front of\\nwhere Judge Hendershott s residence now stands, and under the shade of a tree,\\nnear a spring which bubbles forth in the rear of the present Episcopal Church.\\nModern improvements have not only driven the children of Nature from their\\nhomes, but they have rendered unavailable Nature s delicious fonts. The spring\\nno longer quenches the thirst of the weary traveler. The high land north of\\nGen. Hedrick s house, and places near the Adams Schoolhouse, were also the\\ncamping-spots of the Indians. Several excellent springs were known to the\\nred men at that time.\\nOTTUMWA, IN 1844,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2contained nine log cabins, and one small frame house, built by Elder Jameson,\\na pioneer Methodist preacher, who had a large circuit. Seth Richards built\\nthe first store-building this year, and Heman P. Graves had a stock of goods\\ntherein. The Ottumwa House, near this store, was put up that summer, under\\nthe direction of David Hall, the pioneer landlord.\\nTHE FIRST HOUSE\\nwas erected May 10, 1843.\\nINDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATION.\\nThe first Fourth of July celebration in the county was held at Ottumwa, in\\n1844. George May read the Declaration, and H. B. Hendershott and Charles\\nOverman made the speeches. We do not learn of this from the Judge himself,\\nbut from one of the ladies who was present. The day passed off with great\\nsuccess, and the night following was enlivened with a dance, in the only build-\\ning large enough to be called a hotel, and then known as the Ottumwa\\nHouse. The tavern was a double log edifice, and is still standing.\\nFIRST PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nIn a paper published in the Annals of Iowa, in 1867, Mr. G. D. R. Boyd\\nsaid\\nThe first building used for the sessions of the Commissioners Court, and\\nwhich was occupied by their clerk in vacation, was a very ordinary log cabin of\\nlimited dimensions, one story high, built of round, unhewn logs, chinked with\\nclay and sticks and covered with clapboards. It was situated between Fourth\\nand Fifth streets, immediately east of the public square, on a lot now the prop-\\nerty of Mr. Inskeep, in Ottumwa. The old log house was torn down and\\nremoved some years since, and the spot would scarcely be recognized by the\\noldest inhabitant as the place from whence emanated the acts of those\\nintrusted with the guardianship of the civil affairs of the people of the county\\nthe place where roads were legally located, ferries and dram-shops licensed,\\nallowances made for juries and bailiffs, judges and clerks for commissioners,\\ntheir clerks and attaches, etc.; in short, the grand fountain-head of county organ-\\nization, wherein assembled the combined wisdom, the helmsmen, the real, live,\\ngenuine gubernators of the sovereign county of Wapello. But the last remnant\\nof that rude temple of sovereignty was some years since swept away.\\nNot a vestige remains to mark or perpetuate the remembrance of that inter-\\nesting locality, and, in a very short time, those who retain the remembrance of\\nits whereabouts will, like it, have passed away, and, like it, their dust will\\nmingle in common with the mother-earth of both.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 469\\nThe room occupied by the District Court, at its first session, is still stand-\\ning (1867). It was, at that time, a respectable-looking hewn-log house, a story\\nand a half high, covered with shingles and neatly chinked. Compared with\\nthe room occupied by the Commissioners, it was a splendid building about the\\nbest that Ottumwa then afforded. It was, some years since converted into a\\nware-room, and the place where justice was first administered to the Wapellos\\nis now a dilapidated, sway-backed looking repository of divers goods and mer-\\nchandize. This building, this primitive fountain-head from whence flowed the\\nfirst stream of justice for the people of Wapello, that sent abroad its equitable\\ndecisions, its mandates and executions, without fear or favor, gently settling\\ntheir disputes, and gently, very gently, curbing the tumultuous and riotous dis-\\norders of the times, is situated in the rear of Mr. Thomas Devin s store, on\\nFront street, in Ottumwa.\\nPRIMITIVE JUSTICE.\\nMr. Boyd also writes, concerning the administration of early law\\nDuring a period of seven years, from 1844 to 1851, our statistical infor-\\nmation is extremely limited, and almost wholly disconnected. From the county\\nrecords it is impossible to ascertain a correct statement of the population and\\nwealth of the county for any of those years. Nor do we deem it very impor-\\ntant. The increase was very gradual, and proportionably about the same for\\neach of those years. The population of the county in 1844, was about 800\\nin 1848, 7,000; in 1850, 8,471. During this period, there are a great many\\nincidents that demand notice, as being intimately connected with the first settle-\\nment of the county, and showing the temper of the people and the state of\\nsociety in those early days. The most important event connected with the\\nearly history of this county, was the organization of the Claim Regulators,\\nan organization peculiar, we believe, to the first settlement of Iowa, and which\\nwas, as is well known, the lex loci throughout this portion of the country, from\\nthe appearance of the first infant colony of settlers until all the public lands\\nwere entered and the necessity for its existence only ceased by the extinction,\\nin this manner, of the old pre-emption claim rights. These organizations per-\\nvaded the entire community, and in many places there would be two or three\\nclubs of this character in one township. At these club meetings, mutual pro-\\ntection was pledged, and joint assistance guaranteed to every bona-fide settler\\nwho had a land claim, and summary vengeance was threatened to be inflicted\\non the stranger, the speculator or even their own neighbor who should dare\\ninfringe upon the claim laws, or have the audacity to purchase from the Govern-\\nment any lands which had already been claimed or taken possession by one of\\ntheir own number. This pre-emption law gave the claimholder the exclusive\\nprivilege of entering the land whereon he had made a residence, within a given\\nperiod we believe one year but if, at the end of that time, the occupant did\\nnot pay for it, then any other person was privileged to do so, and he not only\\nbecame the possessor of the land, but all the improvements hitherto made by\\nthe delinquent claimant. Very few of those settlers were able to pay for their\\nlands within the time specified, and to forcibly resist the operations of greedy\\nspeculators, who continually manifested an impatient avidity for immediate gain\\nat the expense of the hard-working settlers, whose inability to enter their lands\\nwithin the given time was almost universal, was the immediate and primary\\nobject of the Claim Club Laws.\\nBut however pure the motives of those who belonged to this organization,\\nand however moderate they were in enforcing its mandates, it was yet liable to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "470 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nabuses, and neither the justice nor the policy of its measures can be defended.\\nIt was fundamentally wrong, and struck at the very root of our most sacred and\\ncherished institutions, being a forcible resistance to the legally-established laws\\nof the land, a premeditated opposition to municipal regulations, and a determina-\\ntion to carry out their own designs in violation of law and the well-established\\nprinciples of sound policy and good government. It was the action of a mob,\\nof a faction, upon whose caprice and passions and wild, ungovernable prejudices\\nthere was no restraint, no check, no limit. The mild voice of reason pleaded\\nsubordination to established authority, and the cause of a more enlarged and a\\nmore permanent interest is drowned in these assemblies by the clamors of an\\nimpatient thirst for immediate and summary vengeance. The supreme majesty\\nof the law is a proposition that should receive the assenting voice of every good\\ncitizen, and the direful consequences of its violation should ever be uppermost\\nin his thoughts that he may cherish toward it a due attachment, and be able to\\nset a due value upon the proper means of preserving it.\\nYet we doubt not but that the operation of these club laws, in some instan-\\nces proved salutary, and that in those days, under the circumstances, it became\\napparently necessary to make an occasional example in order to admonish and\\nterrify others, but it opened a boundless field for abuse, established a dangerous\\nprecedent, and there is a contagion in precedents which few men have force of\\nmind to resist.\\nIn 1845, the appearance of the town was primitive enough. From a series\\nof papers, published in the Democrat in 1876, from the pen of J. W. Norris,\\nmany facts are gleaned, and, among others, this description of the place at that\\ntime: No streets had been opened. Paths ran across lots, every which way,\\nlike they were made by cows going to pasture. Indian wickeups were scattered\\nover the bluff, a cluster of them being on the lot where we now live, on College\\nHill. There was\\nONLY ONE BRICK BUILDING,\\na one-story residence, built by Dow Davis and occupied by Charles F. Harrow,\\non the lot where Lawrence Garner s store is, on Main street, between\\nCollege and Union. Thomas Sinnamon had a log house and brick -yard. James\\nTolman and A. M. Lyon commenced a tannery this year (1845) on the lot cor-\\nner of Main and College. D. P. Smith had a log cabin and blacksmith-shop\\non Main street, where Union Block is. James McFarland had a log residence\\nand tailor-shop on lot opposite where Union Block is. Peter Barnett had a log\\ntavern on the Bigham lot. Seth Richards had a log store near where the First\\nNational Bank stands, and commenced a frame store nearly opposite, that year.\\nH. P. Graves lived in a cabin where Dr. Warden s store is, on Main street.\\nH. B. Hendershott and Judge Jeffries lived in a logr house on the site now\\noccupied by them. On each of the corners of Market, on lower side of Fourth,\\nwere cabins. John Lewis had a cabin on the William Daggett place, and\\nCharles Overman had a cabin between Mrs. Hawley s property and Third\\nTHE OTTUMWA HOUSE,\\nbuilt and managed by David Hall, was a story and a half house.\\nTHE FIRST FERRY.\\nThe Board of Commissioners granted the first ferry license in the county, at\\ntheir extra session the first one held May 10, 1844, to J. P. Eddy. The\\nloss of the Commissioners minutes prevents our giving a copy of the rates of\\nferryage imposed.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 471\\nFIRST JAIL.\\nIn 1845, a contract was written by the County Commissioners for the erec-\\ntion of the first Jail, a very primitive afiair, in Ottumwa.\\nSAMANTHA SHAFFER\\nwas the first white woman in Ottumwa, and a street was named Samantha, in\\nhonor of her. -.o-ii-\\nA GLANCE IN 1845.\\nMr. Norris described the viUage in 1845 as given below. The sketch was\\nwritten in 1876\\nOttumwa, up to 1845, though having the advantage of central position in\\nthe very heart of the great Des Moines Valley, and the prestige of prophetic\\npre-eminence, at least for it was conceded that here was to grow up the large\\ntown had not made any special progress toward material prosperity. But in\\n1845, new settlers began to come in in considerable numbers. In the spring of\\nthat year there was but one store, that of Seth Richards. Mr. Heman P.\\nGraves had charge of the establishment, as he continued to have for many years\\nafterward, since Mr. Richards was not a resident of the county. The post\\noffice was kept in this store, Paul C. Jeffries being Postmaster, and the first one\\nholding that office in Ottumwa. Some time in 1845, Richards store was\\nremoved to the opposite side of the street, into another log building, on one of\\nthe lots the northwestern one on which the present Richards Block is\\nbuilt. The building on the bank corner which Mr. Richards vacated was almost\\nimmediately occupied as a store by Mr. Thomas Devin, of Pittsburg, Van\\nBuren Co., the business being in charge of his son, Mr. Thomas J. Devin.\\nThere was another store, on the lot now occupied by George Haw Co., also\\na log building, with which Tolman, Lyons and Albert Mudge were connected.\\nThis house subsequently became A. J. Davis Co., and finally A. Mudge\\nCo., Davis being a resident of Van Buren County. These were the three\\nmercantile establishments where the settlers in town and the surrounding\\ncountry got their domestic supplies, and, to a large extent, upon credit, their\\naccounts being settled at the end of the first year by note, bearing 10 per cent\\ninterest, and finally, if not paid at maturity, being extended with mortgage\\nsecurity on real estate. This system, though very convenient at first, finally\\nresulted in many a farm being lost to its owner by foreclosure.\\nIf a photograph could have been taken of this infant city at that time, it\\nwould have afforded a striking contrast to the present stalwart young giant.\\nThere were three stores, and, besides, a tin-shop, a blacksmith-shop, a tailor-\\nshop, two hotels, a whisky-shop, and about fifteen log houses, more or less, scat-\\ntered about. There were no churches, no schoolhouses, and no public build-\\nings except a little temporary jail, though there was a civil corporation, a county\\norganization, with the various offices and officers and courts and terms of court.\\nOttumwa had not long to wait, however, for public improvements.\\nTHE FIRST COURT HOUSE.\\nIn 1846, a Court House was built, in compliance with a contract of the\\nTown Company with the county, at the time of the location of the county seat.\\nIt was situated on the corner of Market and Third streets, was built of wood,\\ntwenty-four feet square, two stories high the lower story being used to hold\\ncourt in, for preaching, by all denominations, and for school purposes. The\\nsecond story was divided into three rooms, and occupied by the Clerk of the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "472 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nCourts, the County Treasurer and the Recorder. It was a very necessary and\\nuseful building Avhen first erected, and, indeed, continued to be so for many\\nyears. Besides its legal uses, it served a multitude of purposes, for all sorts of\\npublic gatlierings were held there political, agricultural, plankroad, railroad and\\nriver-improvement meetings. The first meeting in behalf of the Burlington\\nMissouri Railroad enterprise was held there.\\nWhen the county built the present Court House, the old one was sold to the\\nChristian Church, and was used by them for a place of worship for several\\nyears, until it was purchased, with the lot, by W. C. Grimes. It was incor-\\nporated by Mr. Grimes, with other structures erected by him, for a wagon man-\\nufactory, and was consumed by fire on the 22d day of October, 1872.\\nTHE FIRST MILL BUILT.\\nThe records of the Appanoose Rapids Company show that an effort to secure\\ngrist and saw mill was early made. The men who really accepted the donation\\nof lands and erected the mill were John Myers, David Armstrong and T. C.\\nCoflSn. The lands granted them are now the most valuable in the city. The\\narea bounded by Market, Main, Green streets and the river was the. selection\\nmade. The mill was begun in 1845, and was completed in 1846. It stood on\\nthe margin of the river, under the bank, at the foot of. Market street. The\\nwestern half of the plat was used as a mill-yard for several years. Upon the\\nlogs therein scattered about, the people used frequently to assemble for public\\nmeetings, or for the purpose of passing leisure moments in conversation.\\nTHE FIRST SETTLERS OF OTTUMWA.\\nThe prominent men of the first years in Ottumwa were H. B. Hendershott,\\nPaul C. Jeffries, Dr. C. C. Warden, S. W. Summers, Rev. B. A. Spaulding,\\nH. P. Graves, Peter Barnett, Joseph Hayne, George May, John Lewis, N. C.\\nHill, Charles Overman, David Glass, David Hall, Uriah Biggs, Hugh George,\\nWilliam Dewey, Sewell Kenny, John Myers, J. Tolman, A. M. Lyon, Paris\\nCaldwell, David Armstrong, William H. Galbraith, Levi Buckhalter, John W.\\nRoss, John Harkins, S. S. Norris, Thomas Sinnamon, William Snodgrass,\\nDavid P. Smith, James McFarland, John Newman, Bela White, Charles F.\\nHarrow. Most of these men had families.\\nIn the country adjacent and tributary to Ottumwa were many whose names\\nare still remembered. Among others were William Fisher, J. M. Peck, R. R.\\nHarper, Clark Williams, David Whitcomb, Farnam Whitcomb, Nason Roberts,\\nPeter Hall, Seth Ogg, Michael Tullis, John Tullis, John Overman, J. W. Hol-\\nlingsworth, William Mclntire.\\nTHE LAND SALES.\\nOn the 16th of September, 1848, the citizens of Center Township met to\\nmake arrangements for attending the land sales at Fairfield in the coming Octo-\\nber. Their purpose in so doing was one of mutual protection against specu-\\nlators and claim-jumpers. James Baker, John C. Evans, J. Thompson, N.\\nBell and R. Fisher were appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense\\nof the meeting. They were, in effect, that the settlers interests, being endan-\\ngered by Eastern capitalists and moneyed land-sharks, must be summarily pro-\\ntected that the claimholder was entitled to have his land at f 1.26 per acre\\nthat they regarded any one who should enter or jump a claim or improvement,\\nwithout paying a good and sufficient consideration to the claimholder, in no\\nother light than a thief and a robber, and that they would deal with them", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 473\\naccordingly. And, furthermore, they pledged themselves to attend the land\\nsales and not permit any person to bid on a settler s claim, except the owner,\\nunder the above penalty. A mass-meeting of the citizens of Pleasant Grove\\nTownship was held for similar reasons, and a caution given the public\\nthrough the Courier. contracts.\\nIn the issue of the Courier, of October 6, 1848, mention is made that the\\nenterprising contractors on the route from Keokuk to Fairfield, and from Fair-\\nfield to Oskaloosa, via Ottumwa, carry the through mail three times a week,\\nwhen they are paid for only carrying it once a week from Keokuk to Fairfield,\\nand twice a week from Fairfield to Oskaloosa. Here, too, are to be found the\\ngerms of that California gold fever which spread throughout the State, in such\\nparagraphs as this Gold-mines of very productive character, it has been\\nstated, have been discovered in California. Some of the laborers working\\nthere make as high as |60 and $70 per day with an iron spade, which are very\\nscarce and valuable. It is said, too, that men with nothing but a rude wooden\\nshovel make as high as $20 per day. The population of some of the principal\\ntowns are forsaking every other pursuit to engage in this golden harvest. The\\nmine is said to be from ninety to one hundred miles in length, and about\\ntwenty in breadth. We hope everybody wont emigrate.\\nOTTUMWA IN 49.\\nIn the spring of 1849, building in Ottumwa was very brisk, hindered, how-\\never, by the extreme scarcity of lumber, owing to a lack of saw-mills. Bread-\\nstuifs, too, were very scarce, for though there was an abundance of grain in the\\ncountry, there was diflSculty in getting it ground. The mill at this place had not\\nbeen able to grind for more than a month, on account of high water. Messrs. Coffin\\nMyers were planning to build a large flouring-mill during the season. A\\nlarge flatboat went down the river from Eddyville to the mouth of the Des\\nMoines, heavily loaded with grain, and she took on besides, at Ottumwa, 800\\nhides and a large quantity of wheat. Steamboat arrivals began to be quite fre-\\nquent, bringing in freight and carrying out grain. This lasted as long as the\\nhigh water continued, and gave unusual bustle and activity to the business of\\nthe town. Mention is made at this time of the death of Mrs. Carter, about\\nsix miles below this place, on the south side of the river. She started on a\\nhorse, with her only child (quite small) in her arms, to go to a neighbor s.\\nThere was a slough in her path, which, as it was quite narrow, she attempted\\nto cross, but it proved to be twelve feet deep, and she and her child were\\ndrowned.\\nMARINE.\\nQuite an excitement was created in Ottumwa early in April, 1849 by the\\narrival of the steamer Revenue Cutter, it being the first steamer to come up\\nthe Des Moines for several years. The Avater was unusually high, and in that\\nway she was enabled to get over the dams near the mouth of the river. She\\ncame in sight a little after daylight, and as the noise of her escape-pipes echoed\\nthrough the town, its citizens, just aroused from their slumbers, might be seen,\\nyoung men and old, and boys in plenty, pouring from the houses and taking a\\nbee-line for the boat. A large party of ladies and gentlemen from Ottumwa\\njoined a similar one from Farmington and Keosauqua on board the steamer, and\\nshe proceeded to Eddyville. The day was warm and pleasant, they had a fine\\nbrass band on board, and the novelty of a steamboat excursion on the Des\\nMoines added a zest to the pleasure. The farmers and their families, living", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "474 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nnear the river, lined the shores, anxious to see the novel sight. At Eddyville\\nshe took on board a large quantity of lard and wheat, as at Ottumwa, on her\\nreturn, she^also took in a quantity of wheat.\\nLYCEUM.\\nA literary lyceum was organized in Ottumwa, November 23, 1849. The\\ncitizens were requested to get together at early candle-light. Already over\\n$75 had been subscribed toward a library. The following officers were elected:\\nRev. B. A. Spaulding, President H. B. Hendershott, Vice President Ber-\\ntrand Jones, Recording Secretary J. W. Norris, Corresponding Secretary R.\\nH. Warden, Treasurer; James Leighton, Librarian. Their meetings were to be\\nheld weekly during the winter, and the programme was to include a short lect-\\nure on some interesting topic, which was to be followed by debates. The open-\\ning lecture, by Rev. Mr. Spaulding, was upon the Influence of Literary Insti-\\ntutions. The committee who drafted the Constitution and By-Laws consisted\\nof Messrs. Baker, Norris and Wai den. The first question discussed was:\\nDoes the true policy of this country consist in the further extension of its\\nterritory? At this first meeting, after organization, on the 7th of December,\\nthe audience was not large, owing to the tempestuous character of the night,\\nbut it was otherwise very satisfactory.\\nPLANKROAD FEVER.\\nIn February, 1850, after some previous agitation on the subject, a plank-\\nroad meeting was held to discuss the construction of a plankroad from\\nOttumwa to intersect the Burlington Mt. Pleasant Plankroad at Mt. Pleas-\\nant. LTriah Biggs was appointed President of this meeting Thomas Ping\\nand John C Evans, Vice Presidents, and Bertrand Jones, Secretary. There\\nwas a universal sentiment in favor of such a road, and a committee of prominent\\ncitizens was designated to represent the county at a Plankroad Convention to\\nbe held at Mt. Pleasant on the 27th of February, consisting of J.. W. Norris,\\nJ. D. Devin, H. B. Hendershott, J. C. Ramsey, Thomas Ping, F. Newell, J.\\nH. D. Street, S. M. Wright, Judge Baker, Dr. Flint, Gideon Myers, B. Boys-\\nton, B. Jones, Joseph Hayne, J. M. Peck, Dr. Yeomans, Uriah Biggs, G. B.\\nSavery, Dr. Wood and W. S. Carter. When the subscription-books were\\nopened, Ottumwa responded with $8,700, Agency City with $5,000, and Ash-\\nland with $4,500. At a subsequent meeting, ten more names were added to the\\ndelegates to represent Wapello County at Mt. Pleasant, as follows Dr. James\\nNosier, Madison Wellman, J. G. Baker, D. P. Inskeep, E. G. McKinney, W.\\nG. Martindale, A. Ingraham, Andrew Major, William M. Dunlap and Joshua\\nMaishall.\\nAt the same time of the plankroad interest, the people of Eddyville were\\nwrought up to a fine fervor of enterprise over the construction of a toll-bridge\\nacross the Des Moines River at that place.\\nSTAGING IN 1850.\\nThe Courier of June 7, 1850, says On Tuesday last our citizens were\\ndelighted to see a splendid new four-horse coach rolled into town by four fine\\nbays, bearing the name of the present indefatigable Second Assistant Postmaster\\nGeneral, F. H. Warren, formerly of this State. This coach belongs to those\\nprompt, obliging and gentlemanly men, Frink, Walker Co., to whom this part\\nof the country are so much indebted for the promptness and regularity of the\\nmails and kindness and attention to passengers. By the way, Ave have neglected", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 475\\nto notice the highly praiseworthy exertions of the agent on this line, Mr. Wal-\\nter Cross, of Eddyville. He has by his industry and perseverance in making\\ncontract time at all times, in all sorts of weather and roads, and by his atten-\\ntion and kindness to passengers, won for the line a high character and for himself\\nan enviable fame. -loro\\nOTTUMWA IN 1853.\\nIn November, 1853, Ottumwa was a thriving village with busy streets and\\nan active, wide-awake population. One sign of prosperity was constantly\\nintruded upon the citizens, and that was the eager inquiry for houses and places\\nof business to rent, which conveniences could not be had, as the town was com-\\npletely full. There were then eight dry goods stores two drug stores one\\nclothing store one grocery store one stove store and tin-shop connected one\\nsaddle and harness shop two hotels two churches Congregational and Cath-\\nolic and a Methodist Church in process of erection an excellent tannery\\ntwo steam saw and grist mills a carding machine one wagonmaker s shop\\nthree cabinet-shops one chair-shop one gunsmith-shop also a wheelwright\\nthree blacksmith-shops four shoe-shops three tailor-shops one bakery and\\nconfectionery one printing office, the Courier a land office, for the sale of\\nriver lands, and one daguerrean gallery. The various charitable orders were\\nw^ell represented, as there was a Masoniq Lodge, an Odd Fellow s Lodge, a Divi-\\nsion of Sons of Temperance, and a Section of Cadets of Temperance. There\\nwere seven lawyers and six physicians. An excellent chain ferry was kept con-\\nstantly running immediately opposite the town by T. Sinnamon. There was a\\nrailroad actually surveyed from there to the Mississippi, where it was to connect\\nwith the Peoria k Burlington Road. In the neighborhood of ^600,000 had\\nbeen subscribed to build this road. Another railroad had been surveyed to the\\nmouth of the Platte on the Missouri, but this was not in expectation of being\\ncompleted so soon as the one first named.\\nFALL OF A LANDMARK.\\nThe Courier of July 26, 1876, contains an account of the falling of the\\nfirst two-story brick building ever erected in Ottumwa. Saturday evening, July\\n22 of that year, the old Bonnifield Bank Building, as it was called, fell to the\\nearth with a loud crash. The edifice was put up in 1849 by James McFarland,\\nthe only tailor at that time in Ottumwa. For years the building remained\\nunfinished, and was used as a public hall, dancing-room, etc. The agricultural\\nfair was held therein. The building was subsequently used as a bank by Tem-\\nple Bros., W. B. Bonnifield, and the First National Bank. Later it was used\\nas a jewelry store, and lastly as a shoe store.\\nPOSTMASTERS OF OTTUMWA.\\nPaul C. Jeffries, Richard H. Warden, Stephen Osborn, Thomas J. Holmes,\\nJ. W. Norris, J. M. Hedrick and A, H. Hamilton complete the list of Post-\\nmasters from the date of the institution of the office, in 1843, to the present\\ntime. This office was the first established in the county.\\nGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION.\\nIn 1851, Ottumwa was organized as a town. The first election resulted as\\nfollows, according to the official publication of roster in 1871\\nGeorge Gillaspy, President of the Board Bertrand Jones, Clerk. Mr.\\nJones resigned October 24, and was succeeded by William H. Bonnifield.\\nDuane F. Gaylord, Treasurer; Joseph Leighton, Assessor; T. A. Taylor,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "476 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nMarshal. The Marshal was removed June 14, and was succeeded by William\\nL. Bastin. Trustees J. W. Caldwell, A. Mudge, Silas Osborn, John Myers, Sr.\\nThe elections since that time, under the original system have been\\n1852 Albert Mudge, President H. B. Hendershott, Clerk D. F. Gay-\\nlord, Assessor J. Leighton, Treasurer James Hall, Marshal Trustees\\nGeorge Gillaspy, J. W. Caldwell, James Hawley, Erastus Washburn.\\n1853 Albert Mudge, President; H. B. Hendershott, Clerk; James Hall,\\nTreasurer; William J. Ross, Assessor; John A. Newman, Marshal; Trustees:\\nGeorge Gillaspy, J. W. Caldwell. James Hawley, Erastus Washburn.\\n1854 A. L. Graves, President; William L. Orr, Clerk; Thomas J.\\nHolmes, Treasurer; C. Hickenlooper, Assessor; John A. Newman. Marshal;\\nWilliam Lewis, Collector; Trustees: C C. Warden, Stephen Osborn, J.\\nLeighton, Thomas G. Given.\\n1855 C. C. Warden, President; William L. Orr, Clerk; Josiah Myers,\\nAssessor; John Graves, Treasurer. Mr. Graves resigned January 7, 1856,^\\nand was succeeded by N. C. Hill. H. B. Jones, Marshal J. W. Ireland, Col-\\nlector Trustees: A. L. Graves, H. B. Hendershott, J. Leighton, David\\nGephart.\\n1856 James Hawley, President; Charles Lawrence, Clerk; Joseph Leigh-\\nton, Assessor Charles F. Blake, Treasurer. Mr. Blake resigned January 30,\\n1857, and was succeeded by W. L. Orr. Richard Fisher, Supervisor; J. W.\\nIreland, Marshal and Assessor; Trustees: E. Washburn, N. C. Hill, P. C.\\nDaum, J. H. Griffith.\\nIn 1857, the city of Ottumwa was organized under a special charter.\\nDuane F. Gaylord was chosen Mayor; James D. Devin, Recorder; Erastus\\nWashburn, Treasurer; S. W. Summers, Solicitor; Hosea B. Jones, Assessor;\\nS. W. Hartwell, Engineer; John A. Newman, Marshal, and the following gen-\\ntlemen Aldermen: First Ward D. B. Abrahams, F. W. Hawley, Thoma\\nBigham Second Ward^H. P. Graves, A. Hawkins, James Milligan Third\\nWard Charles Lawrence, William L. Orr, J. A. Hammond.\\nOn accepting the office of Mayor, Mr. Gaylord delivered an adddress of\\ncongratulation over the prosperity of the new city, which was of a most inter-\\nesting character. He reviewed the prospects of the town, and spoke a proph-\\necy which has since been amply fulfilled. The address told of the contem-\\nplated improvements in railroad facilities, and of the need of a continuance of\\nthe enterprising spirit which had theretofore controlled the town. The opening\\nparagraphs are here introduced, as an evidence of the actual condition of\\nOttumwa at the date of its incorporation.\\nIn accepting the office to which your partiality has called me, I cannot refrain from allud-\\ning to the fact that since my residence in this place, it has grown up from a mere hamlet of only\\nfourteen buildings to its present size and prosperous condition Then its buildings were of the\\ncrudest character, and its streets almost impassable. We now behold a flourishing city with\\nsome fifteen hundred inhabitants, well defined with passable streets, and ornamented with many-\\nbuildings which would do credit to older and larger places. This rapid increase and these\\nimprovements are owing not only to the peculiar local advantages we enjoy, but in a high degree\\nto the industry, enterprise and morality of our citizens. The rapid progress which our place\\nhas made from a wilderness to an incorporated city, authorizes each of us proudly to reflect upon\\nthe agency we have had in effecting this great and interesting change.\\nOttumwa, we all know, has had little aid in effecting its permanent improvements from for-\\neign capital. It has been settled and built up in the main by citizen laborers, professional men,\\nmerchants and mechanics, whose capital was economy, industry, intelligence and perseverance\\nand we may now look around us and say these are the fruits of our honest industry, unflagging\\nperseverance and persistent economy, applied to one of the most highly-favored places in the\\nState These elements of individual and social prosperity have converted a wilderness into a\\ncity. And to us, surely, this must be a day of pride and joy. We have founded and reared a\\ncity before we have passed the meridian of life. In other countries and other times the city of", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 477\\nOttumwa would have been the result of the labor and accumulations of successive generations\\nbut the men who wrought this change are now sitting within the sound of my voice and at the\\ncouncil-board of our city.\\nThe official roster is here continued\\n1858 A. H. Hamilton, Mayor Newton Doggett, Recorder, resigned Oct.\\n18, succeeded by Walter Goldsmith S. J. Warden, Treasurer A. A. Stewart,\\nSolicitor C. F. Blake, Assessor J. H. Myers, Marshal. Aldermen First\\n\u00c2\u00ab,Ward James Hawley, P. C. Daum, John Potter; Second Ward F. J. Hun-\\nter, J. W. Caldwell, J. Prugh, (resigfaed December 27, succeeded by J. W.\\nDixon Third Ward J. Milburn, Thomas Neville, C. A. Bradshaw.\\n1859 George Gillaspy, Mayor W. Goldsmith, Recorder, resigned July\\n11, succeeded by A. W, Gaston; J. A. Milligan, Assessor; E. Washburn,\\nTreasurer: J. H. Myers, Marshal, resigned October 18, succeeded by D. F.\\nGaylord. Aldermen First Ward H. B. Hendershott, J. N. Simons, John\\nPotter Second Ward H. B. Jones, F. J. Hunter, A. Lewis Third Ward\\nJ. G. Baker, A. L. Graves, C. F. Blake.\\nI860\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. L. Orr, Mayor S. B. Thrall, Recorder James Hawley, Treas-\\nurer W. H. Clifton, Marshal E. L. Joy, Solicitor J. A. Milligan, Street\\nCommissioner J. Prugh, Assessor. Aldermen First Ward J. W. Dixon,\\nD. C. Mitchell (resigned February 4, 1861, succeeded by William Daggett),\\nJ. Williamson Second Ward R. H. Warden, A. Baldwin, A. Lotspeich\\n(resigned October 1, succeeded by J. W. Caldwell); Third Ward C. W. Kit-\\ntridge, J. O Connor, T. H. Milburn.\\n1861\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Erastus Washburn, Mayor; S. B. Thrall, Recorder; C. W. Kit-\\ntridge. Treasurer, resigned July 1, succeeded by W. L. Orr E. L. Joy, Solic-\\nitor A. Mudge, Assessor, resigned March 5, 1862, succeeded by John Coyan\\nWilliam H. Clifton, Marshal, resigned October 14, succeeded by J. F. Lewis\\nJ. A. Milligan, Street Commissioner. Aldermen First Ward William Dag-\\ngett, E. L. Burton, J. H. Merrill Second Ward William J. Ross, Charles\\nMiller, J. W.Caldwell (resigned August 5, succeeded by A. H. Hamilton);\\nThird Ward J. M. Hedrick (resigned November 5, succeeded by S. W. Hays)\\nThomas Neville, T. H. Milburn.\\n1862 Samuel Gossage, Mayor A. W. Gaston, Recorder William J.\\nRoss, Treasurer; T. Riordan, Assessor; A. W. Gaston, Solicitor; Thomas\\nO Sullivan, Marshal. Aldermen: First Ward E. L. Burton, A. M. Bonni-\\nfield, F. W. Hawley Second Ward J. R. McLeod, A. Dumbach, Robert\\nPorter (resigned June 16, succeeded by James Cullen) Third Ward Thomas\\nNeville, T. J. Douglass, A. L. Graves (resigned October 6, succeeded by George\\nD. Temple).\\n1863 Samuel Gossage, Mayor; A. W. Gaston, Recorder; Francis Bliley.\\nTreasurer A. W. Gaston, Solicitor T. Riordan, Assessor, resigned February\\n4, 1864, succeeded by A. D. Temple John Danihy, Marshal. Aldermen\\nFirst Ward M. B. Murphy, John Potter, E. L. Burton (resigned December\\n7, succeeded by H. B. Hendershott) Second Ward E. H. Stiles, William\\nSower, Joseph Wagg Third Ward T. J. Douglass, James Eakins, George D.\\nTemple.\\n1864 Manlove McFarlin, Mayor J. M. Douglass, Recorder E. L. Bur-\\nton, Solicitor; George M. Wiltfong, Assessor Charles Lawrence, Treasurer,\\nresigned January 20, 1865, succeeded by Thomas Neville; H. B. Jones\\nMarshal resigned January 16, 1865, succeeded by C. P. Mason. Aldermen:\\nFirst Ward L. E. Gray, J. Guyzelman, M. B. Murphy (resigned June So\\nsucceeded by H. B. Hendershott) Second Ward E. H. Stiles, H. C. Grube", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "478 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nH. B. Jones Third Ward George D. Temple, James Eakins, Hugh\\nBrown.\\n1865 Samuel Gossage, Mayor; J. M. Douglass, Recorder; E, L. Burton,\\nSolicitor John Graves, Treasurer John Coyan, Assessor I. L. Milligan,\\nMarshal. Aldermen First Ward A. D. Moss, A. M. Bonnifield, D. B.\\nAbrahams Second Ward J. W. Carpenter, A. Huggins, William Wallace\\nThird Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 James Brady, A. T. Holly, A. W. Gaston.\\n1866 James Hawley, Sr., Mayor Robert Burke, Recorder, resigned^\\nNovember 5, succeeded by S. B. Thrall E. H. Stiles, Solicitor R. H. War-\\nden, Treasurer A. F. Hoddy, Assessor I. L. Milligan, Marshal J J.Adams,\\nStreet Commissioner. Aldermen First Ward A. H. Hamilton, H. B. Sis-\\nson, P. C. Daum Second Ward J. C. Hinsey, C. C. Peters, J. McBride\\n(resigned December 13, succeeded by J. W. Carpenter) Third Ward W. B.\\nArmstrong, R. J. Williams, T. Riordan.\\n1867 James Hawley, Sr., Mayor S. B. Thrall, Recorder E. L. Burton,\\nSolicitor, resigned July 2, succeeded by C. E. Fulton W. B. Armstrong,\\nTreasurer John S. Wood, Marshal John Coyan, Assessor M. McFarlin,\\nStreet Commissioner. Aldermen First Ward F. W. Hawley, G. A. Roemer,\\nG. C. Barnes (moved from Ward-in June, succeeded by P. C. Daum); Second\\nWard J. C. Hinsey, C. C. Peters, A. Dumbach, (died in August, succeeded\\nby J. W. Caldwell) Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. G. Ballingall, T. Riordan, W. B. Little-\\nton.\\n1868 This year the city was re-organized under the general incorporation\\nlaws of the State. C. E. Fulton, Mayor, S. B. Thrall, Clerk; C. C. Blake,\\nSolicitor J. A. Schworm, Treasurer John S. Wood, Marshal John Coyan,\\nAssessor M. McFarlin, Street Commissioner. Trustees First Ward P. C.\\nDaum (resigned November 16), J. G. Meek Second Ward J. C. Hinsey,\\nW. W. Pollard Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. B. Littleton, James Eakins.\\n1869\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. E. Fulton, Mayor; S. B. Thrall, Clerk; C. C. Blake, Solicitor;\\nW. B. Armstrong, Treasurer J. S. Wood, Marshal J. J. Adams, Assessor\\nN. A. Coday, Street Commissioner office abolished October 5. Trustees\\nFirst Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. D. Pierce, T. Riordan Second Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. F. Blake, F. J.\\nClarke Third Ward J. G. Hutchison (resigned November 16) P. Brady\\nFourth Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. W. Pollard, B. B. Durfee.\\n1870 W. B. Littleton, Mayor W. H. Caldwell, Clerk Eugene Fawcett,\\nSolicitor; D. W. Tower, Treasurer John S. Wood, Marshal; John Coyan,\\nAssessor C. L. Waterman, Engineer. Trustees First Ward T. Riordan,\\nP. G. Ballingall; Second Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. F. Blake, J. S. Porter (resigned May 2,\\nmoved into Third Ward and was succeeded by R. H. Warden) Third Ward\\nP. Brady, William Daggett (resigned July 2, succeeded by J. S. Porter)\\nFourth Ward R. N. Harlan, John E. Cummings.\\n1871 W. B. Littleton, Mayor; John Gray, Marshal; Eugene Fawcett,\\nSolicitor; D. W. Tower, Treasurer; John Coyan, Assessor; W. H. Caldwell,\\nClerk. Trustees First Ward P. G. Ballingall, John Shea Second Ward\\nR. H. Warden, C. Inskeep Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. Brady, J. S. Porter; Fourth\\nWard\u00e2\u0080\u0094 R. N. Harlan, B. B. Durfee.\\n1872\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. L. Orr, Mayor G. F. Foster, Clerk Eugene Fawcett, Solic-\\nitor resigned and succeeded by William McNett D. W. Tower, Treasurer\\nJohn Coyan, Assessor T. J. Hall, Marshal, resigned and succeeded by John\\nGray. Trustees First Ward P. G. Ballingall, John Shea Second Ward\\nC. Tnskeep, C.F.Blake: Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John L. Moore, P.Brady; Fourth\\nWard\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. W. Pollard, B. B. Durfee.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 479\\n1873\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. L. Orr, Mayor G. F. Foster, Clerk D. W. Tower, Treasurer\\nJohn Coyan, Assessor J. B. Ennis, Solicitor John Gray, Marshal. Trustees:\\nFirst Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 N. Baker, P. G. Ballingall Second Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. F. Blake, George\\nSheffer Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. Brady, J. L. Moore Fourth Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. W. Pollard,\\nB. B. Durfee.\\n1874\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. L. Orr, Mayor W. H. Resor, Clerk D. W. Tower, Treasurer\\nJohn Coyan, Assessor 0. M. Ladd, Solicitor John Gray, Marshal. Trust-\\nees First Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. G. Ballingall, N. Baker Second Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. J. Miller.\\nGeorge Sheffer Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. Chaney, P. Brady Fourth Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 B. B.\\nDurfee, C. C. Peters.\\n1875 W. L. Orr, Mayor; W. H. Gorsuch, Clerk, resigned April 26,\\nsucceeded by W. H. Fetzer D. W. Tower, Treasurer J. F. Lewis, Assessor\\n0. M. Ladd, Solicitor, resigned, succeeded by W. H. C. Jacques A. Vanna-\\nman, Marshal. Trustees First Ward W. B. Armstrong, P. G. Ballingall\\nSecond Ward J. J. Miller (resigned in June, succeeded by H. L. Waterman)\\nJames Hawley Third Ward S. Chaney, J. L. Moore Fourth Ward C. C.\\nPeters (resigned, and succeeded by B. J. Boulton), J. M. Lamme.\\n1876\u00e2\u0080\u00940. D. Tisdale, Mayor; W. H. Fetzer, Clerk J. P. Ennis, Solicitor;\\nD. W, Tower, Treasurer J. S. Porter, Assessor E. B. Davis, Marshal.\\nTrustees First Ward P. G. Ballingall, W. B. Armstrong Second Ward\\nJames Hawley, W. D. McClue Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. A. McGrew, J. L. Moore;\\nFourth Ward J. M. Lamme, B. J. Boulton.\\n1877 J. S. Porter, Mayor; W. H. Fetzer, Clerk; J. B. Ennis, Solicitor;\\nJ. F. Lewis, Assessor Wade Kirkpatrick, Treasurer E. B. Davis, Marshal,\\nresigned, succeeded by T. B. Trotter. Trustees First Ward P. G. Ballin-\\ngall, K. Jordan Second Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. F. Blake, W. D. McCue; Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nW. A. McGrew, I. N. Mast Fourth Ward B. J. Boulton, L. E. Gray.\\n1878 J. S. Porter, Mayor W^ H. Fetzer, Clerk Calvin Manning, Solic-\\nitor Wade Kirkpatrick, Treasurer J. L. Harmon^, Assessor T. B. Trotter,\\nMarshal. Trustees First Ward P. G. Ballingall. K. Jordan Second\\nWard\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C. F. Blake, 0. M. Ladd Third Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. A. McGrew, I. N. Mast\\nFourth Ward C. B. Rounds, L. E. Gray (resigned, succeeded by Jacob\\nChilton).\\nTHE POLICE DEPARTMENT.\\nOttumwa, being a city of the second class, or one having less than fifteen\\nthousand inhabitants, is Avithin the limit of the law empowering the Mayor to\\nsit as a Police Judge, having concurrent jurisdiction with Justices of the Peace.\\nThe Police Court is in daily session in the City Hall, Mayor J. S. Porter on\\nthe Bench.\\nThe law provides for the appointment of Marshal, who is the Chief of\\nPolice, and sufiicient force to preserve the quiet and dignity of the city. At\\npresent, the very efficient corps is composed of T. B. Trotter, Marshal L. J.\\nAllen, J. E. Cummings and Dan Hannon, regular policemen. A special night\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2watchman is employed by the merchants, James Noonan, and the baggageman\\nat the C, B. Q. depot, James Ray, is empoAvered to make arrests, although\\nhe is but nominally employed by the city. The Mayor has authority to appoint\\nextra policemen at any time, to serve on special occasions. The four regular\\nguardians of the city are uniformed, and are chosen because of their peculiar\\nfitness for the place. The city is an orderly one, and the duties imposed on\\nthis branch of the government are well attended to.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "480 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nTHE FIRE DEPARTMENT.\\nAmong the numerous departments of government, none is more worthy of\\nespecial liberality than that which defends life and property against fire. The\\ncity is well supplied with water works, a description of which forms a separate\\nsection of this histoi y. To properly utilize the facilities thus offered, a volun-\\nteer Fire Department is maintained, composed of some forty members, and\\ncalled Ottumwa Fire Company No. 1. This Company was formally organized\\nin December, 1868, although it had existed some time prior, and is under the\\ngeneral supervision of a Chief Engineer, who is appointed by the Council, but\\nusually at the suggestion of the members of the Company, thereby securing\\nharmony. At present, the position is filled by Chief Engineer J. W. Nichols,\\nwho is serving his third year. Next in order comes the Assistant Chief, at\\npresent James M. Winn, who is also Secretary of the Company. The Foreman\\nof the Company is John Bliley, and three assistants are required to work the\\nseveral stations, which are described as follows Station 1, located at the City\\nHall, is composed of two hose-carts,supplied with 1,000 feet of superior quality hose,\\nand a No. 2 Silsby steam engine, which is used only as a reserve in case of the\\nfailure of the water-power from the general works. It is believed that the supply\\nample, but, as a commendable precaution, this engine is held in readiness to\\ntake water from the river. When the Water Works are fully perfected, the\\nsteamer will be unused. This district is under the immediate supervision of\\nthe Foreman, as well as the Engineers, and is headquarters, where the uniforms,\\netc., are kept. Station No. 2 is located on the corner of Second and McLain\\nstreets, and is supplied with a hose-cart and 500 feet of hose. Assistant\\nForeman Ham Fleer, is assigned to duty at this point. Station No. 3 is\\nlocated on Birch street, and is supplied with hose-cart and 500 feet of\\nhose. Assistant Foreman John Mountain is in charge. Station No. 4 is on\\nWest Court street, and also has a cart and 500 feet of hose. Assistant Fore-\\nman D. Lapham is the one assigned to this station. The record made by the\\nDepartment is a good one, and both its material condition and the pride of the\\nmembers in their own devotion to duty is constantly increasing. Ottumwa may\\nfeel secure from heavy losses by fire if a spirit of liberality is manifested toward\\nthe fostering of such an institution as her volunteer fire brigade.\\nThe records of the Company are not preserved prior to the date of formal\\norganization, in December, 1868. At that time the Foreman was John Wood.\\nSince then the position has been held by John Gray, and the incumbent, Mr.\\nBliley. The Secretaries have been W. H. C. Jacques, C. B. Hendershott, J.\\nHarsch and J. M. Winn.\\nThe first record of fires goes back only to 1870, but we take from other\\nsources the information relative to\\nTHE LARGE FIRES IN OTTUMWA.\\nJanuary 22, 1868, a fire extended from Moriarty s to O Sullivan s corner,\\nconsuming the furniture store of Wilson Co., S. D. Pierce s boot and shoe\\nstore, Taylor Co. s collar factory, James Fisher Co. s saddle shop, James\\nCrowley s residence and business place, Solon Gray s store, and Cochran s\\nupholstering shop. Eight buildings were destroyed, involving a loss of $25,000,\\non which there was $8,000 insurance.\\nThe fire of October 30, 1868, was the greatest calamity that has visited\\nOttumwa. When the comparative infancy of the town is considered, the ap-\\npalling character of this conflagration will be understood. Twenty-two build-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 481\\nings in the heart of the city, in which wholesaling trade was carried on, were\\nconsumed, involving a total loss of about $400,000. Upon this enormous sum\\nthere was an insurance of $225,000. The fire was considered at the time the\\nwork of an incendiary, but upon this point there is a diversity of opinion. One\\nreliable authority informs the writer that the cause was, in his opinion, acci-\\ndental. Since careful investigation failed to discover evidence against any party,\\nit is reasonable to place the origin of the calamity within the realm of accident.\\nThe fire Avas discovered at 1 o clock, Friday morning, October 30th, in Charles\\nBetts hat and cap store, on the south side of Main street. This was a one-\\nstory frame, standing about where Dr. Warden s store now is. Those who suf-\\nfered by the fire were J. A. Schworn, Henry Haw, J. Prugh Co., F. W.\\nJ. Hawley, Cope Porter, W. C. Moss, Jr., Co., T. Neville, C. C. Peters\\nCo., D. M. Harmon, T. Devin Son, H. C. Grube, Adam Kiser, Clark\\nTuttle, H. Nunamaker, J. G. Meek, J. Leighton, George Branderburg, F. W.\\nSmith, Charles Betts, W. D. Earl Bro., Michael Maguire, J. Loomis, Dr. C\\nO. Warden, Shreve Yates, L. Danbaum, Dr. J. L. Taylor, J. W. Huggin, E.\\nWashburn, P. C. Daum, James Hawley, Sr., George Godfrey, Mr. Kranmer\\nand others.\\nOctober 24, 1871, W. C. Grimes wagon-shop was consumed by fire, involv-\\ning a loss of $20,000, upon which there was an insurance of $11,000. The\\nbuilding was located on Market street, between Second and Fourth, on the site\\nof the old Court House. The residences of Mrs. Reynolds and Mr. Roemer\\nwere destroyed, as well as a barn belonging to James Hawley. Turners Hall,\\ncorner of Market and Fourth streets, was also burned. These buildings were\\nmore or less insured. The shops were rebuilt, and again destroyed by fire in\\n1877.\\nOctober 8, 1873, J. D. Ladd Co. s pork-packing establishment was\\ndestroyed by fire. The hand of an incendiary is supposed to have been the\\ncause of the conflagration. The total loss on building and machinery was esti-\\nmated at $40,000, with an insurance of $24,500.\\nJanuary 21, 1874, a fire broke out in Seth Richards frame building, on the\\nsouth side of Main street, used by Spragg Co. as a restaurant, and in a few\\nmoments the four frame buildings, to the corner, were in ^ames. The fire\\nspread from these to the two-story frame building occupied by Boulton Bro.,\\nand the two buildings adjoining, belonging to Mrs. Johnson and E. H. Stiles.\\nThere were several wooden buildings adjacent.\\nThe losses on buildings were S. Richards, $3,000 Mrs. Johnson, $1,000\\nBoulton Bro., $1,200; E. H. Stiles, $800; Taylor, Blake Co., damaged\\nby heat from across the street, $1,500 First National Bank, same cause, $500;\\nDaggett Edgerly, same cause, $200. Total, $8,200.\\nLoss on stocks: T. Washburn, $6,000; A. M. Ewing Co., $500;\\nWilliam O Malley, $1,000; 0. D. Tisdale, $2,000; J. A. Schworn, $500;\\nSpragg Co., $1,200. Total, $11,200.\\nOn these losses there was $10,600 insurance.\\nAugust 19, 1874, Bauer Craner s brewery burned, involving a loss of\\n$12,000 insured for $5,000.\\nMarch 17, 1874. Duckworth Harper s foundry and machine-shop were\\ndestroyed. Loss, $20,000 insurance, $12,000.\\nA fire occurred January 22, 1873, which destroyed about $142,000 worth\\nof property. It originated in the third story of the building occupied by W.\\nA. Jordan Sons, in Union Block, as a clothing store and tailoring establish-\\nment. The block was the pride of the city, and in less than three hours it", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "482 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nwas a mass of ruins. The flames communicated to all parts of the block, and\\ninvolved the loss of property owned as follows D. Eaton, on the corner of\\nMain and Green streets, $8,000 insured for ^5,500. Eaton Arthur, furni-\\nture, $5,000 insured for value. J. H. Merrill, building, $7,000 insured for\\n$5,000. J. H. Merrill Co., groceries, loss |25,000 insured for value. W.\\nA. Jordan Sons, building, loss |7,000 insured for $3,000 loss on dry goods,\\n$20,000 insured for value. A. Simpson, building, loss $7,000 no insurance.\\nEgan Harper, hardware, stock, $12,000 insured for $10,000. R. N. Har-\\nlan, building, $7,000 insured for $4,000. S. B. Fuller, dry goods, $3,000\\ninsured for $2,000. J. W. G. A. Huggins, building adjoining Union Block,\\nloss $15,000 insured for $9,000. The Harlan Building was occupied by Mrs.\\nFrances Williams and Miss Mary King, as millinery-shops loss $500 also\\nby Mr. Friedlander, as residence loss $400 and by J. M. Wallace, as a\\nphotograph gallery loss $1,000. No insurance on any of these losses. Dr.\\nH. B. Sisson lost his dental furniture, value $800, and J. W. Davy, clothing,\\netc., value $400, in the Jordan Building. W. B. Ketcham Co., grocers, had\\nin stock, in rear of Eaton Arthur s building, which was damaged to the\\nextent of $1,000.\\nThere were innumerable small losses to buildings and property in the\\nvicinity of the center of the fire, but which cannot be ascertained now.\\nThis was the second great fire in Ottumwa, and, in the character of build-\\nings destroyed, far surpassed that of October 30, 1868. Still, the amount of\\nloss sustained was not equal to the first heavy fire. The total did not fall short,\\nof $142,000 but, fortunately, the loss was largely covered by insurance, so\\nthat the injury to the town was not permanent. The total insurance was\\n$113,450. Enterprise, which only the West can equal, soon placed massive\\nblocks where the ruins fell, and now no trace of the calamity of 1873 is visible.\\nMarch 1, 1877, the block opposite the Ballingall House was burned, with a\\nloss of nearly $20,000, and an insurance of $10,300.\\nThere is a conflict between the records of the Fire Company and the files of\\nthe newspapers concerning some of the above dates but we have taken the\\npaper records in such cases, because of the general belief that the daily report\\nof prominent evejats is therein more liable to be beyond dispute. In gathering\\nthe facts relative to fires, some inaccuracies may have been made but we have\\ntaken great care to ascertain the truth, and if this summary is not strictly right,\\nthe memory of our informants, and not the writer, is to blame.\\nTHE COUNTY BUILDINGS.\\nThe old Court House was made into ashes when Grimes wagon-shop Avent\\nup in smoke for the first time. The present structure, which is not what can\\ntruthfully be termed of classic architecture, was built by Mr. J. J. Adams,\\nin 1856, at a cost of $13,000. The site is a good one, removed from the busy\\nstreets, which will be constantly increasing in noisiness as the town grows but\\nthe house itself is entitled to special comment solely on the score of our rever-\\nence for old things. The Jail, put up in 1857, at a cost of about $9,000, is\\nlittle to boast of.\\nThe rich county of Wapello will soon feel the necessity of replacing its\\npresent time-stained county buildings with more modern and elegant edifices.\\nTHE CITY HALL.\\nThe old city ofiices were located in a shell of a building on Market stree\\nsouth of Front street, for some time. February 25, 1873, the building burned", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 48S\\nin a fire which also destroyed the Star Mills, owned by Wilson Miller. The\\ncity lost about |1,200, on which there was $700 insurance. The mill, we may\\nstate here, was valued at $6,000 insured for $3,00(h\\nAfter the destruction of the old Hall, the Council met in Gerlack s building.\\nJuly 7, 1873, a lot on the east side of Market street, between Second and\\nFourth, was purchasd for $8,000. Chilton Kendall contracted to erect a\\ncity building for $12,350, excavation extra. The paper was agreed to Septem-\\nber 17, 1873. The present fine edifice was speedily completed. The Council\\noccupied it in January, 1874.\\nTHE CITY FINANCES.\\nThe financial condition of Ottumwa is exceedingly satisfactory. The city\\nis practically out of debt, for the small amount of bonded indebtedness is\\nscarcely worth a thought. The bonds are due as follows\\nDue April 20, 1879 3,000\\nDue .Tune 15, 1880 2,000\\nDue March 27, 1881 2,000\\nDue December 15, 1885 10,000\\nTotal $17,000\\nAs an offset, or rather as assets, so to speak, the city owns the following\\nproperty\\nCity Hall property $15,000\\nSteam fire engine 5,000\\nFire apparatus 7,000\\nReal estate 2,500\\nTotal 129,500\\nBesides the above, the city accounts show that the sewers have cost the sum\\nof $8,600.\\nThe assessed valuation of property in the corporation is $1,648,462, of\\nwhich $1,028,580 is in real estate at the present depressed prices which aifect\\nthe entire country. On the above showing, it may be truthfully asserted that\\nOttumwa is free from corporate indebtedness.\\nTHE OTTUMWA BRIDGE COMPANY.\\nThose who lived on the west side of the river were compelled to ford or\\nferry the stream, until in 1870, when the Ottumwa Bridge Company obtained\\na charter to erect a bridge at Green street, with the sole right of bridging the\\nstream for two miles up and down therefrom. Messrs. King Co., of Cleve-\\nland, Ohio, contracted for the iron work, and the wood work was done by local\\nparties. The bridge is 1,200 feet in length, having seven 100-foot spans over\\nthe river, and five 100-foot spans of trestle work on the west side. The Com-\\npany consists of J. S. Wolfe, J. W. Carpenter, J. G. Baker, L. E. Gray and\\nG. A. Madison. The charter lasts for ten years from original date, and has\\ntwo years to run. At that time the stream is open to competition.\\nTHE OTTUMWA PRESS.\\nThe Des Moines Courier, the pioneer newspaper of this county, was estab-\\nlished August 8, 1848, by J. H. D. Street and R. H. Warden. At that time\\nit was the most western paper in the Union, and did the legal printing for all\\ncounties west of this point. Mr. Warden is still associated with the Courier,\\nalthough his connection has not been uninterrupted. We make such copious", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "484 HISTORY OF AYAPELLO COUNTY.\\nextracts from the Courier and refer to it so frequently in this work, that a mere\\nmention of facts relative to changes is called for here. January 20, 1851, Mr.\\nWarden became sole proprietor. In April, 1852, J. W. Norris acted as\\nassociate editor during the absence of Mr. Warden on business. In 1849, at\\nthe beginning of the second volume, the paper -was enlarged. December 20,\\n1855, J. W. Norris became editor and proprietor of the Courier. In 1866, N.\\nD. Mussleman, W. H. Caldwell a nd W. C. Holden succeeded Mr. Norris, and\\nin August, 1869, Gen. John M. Hedrick and Major Augustus H. Hamilton\\nbecame the owners and editors. January, 1878, A. H. Hamilton acquired sole\\nownership. During the agitation of the question of Americanizing the title\\nDes Moines, in 1854, the Courier chose to adopt the spelling Demoine Courier^\\nand so appeared until January 1, 1857, when the name was changed to that of\\nWeekly Ottumwa Courier, a name it still retains for its weekly edition. April\\n5, 1865, the Daily Ottumwa Courier was introduced, and is now in its four-\\nteenth year of prosperous life. The Courier has always been a success, because\\nof the intelligent, brave and energetic conduct of its managers.\\nIn June, 1850, the Des Moines Republic appeared, under the management\\nof James Baker Co., and continued for about two years, when it ceased to\\nlive.\\nThe third paper in the county was the Ottumwa Democratic Statesman in\\n1858, of which G. D. R. Boyd was the publisher. J. H. D. Street next con-\\nducted it awhile, then in 1861 H. B. Hendershott and E. L. Burton, who\\nchanged the name to that of the Ottumiva Democratic Union. In 1862, Mr.\\nHendershott resigned, and S. B. Evans, now of the Democrat and Times, became\\nassociated with Mr. Burton in its conduct. Thereupon a further change of\\nname occurred, that of Democratic Mercury being substituted for that of\\nDemgcratic Union. In the winter of 1863-64, Mr. Evans retired, and S. H.\\nBurton united with his brother, E. L. Burton, in the publication of the paper.\\nIn October, 1865, the latter Mr. Burton gave place to Russell Higgins, and he\\nto Mr. Evans again, in the following month of November. In March, 1868,\\nMr. Evans a second time and finally severed his connection with the Mercury,\\nleaving Mr. S. H. Burton sole editor and proprietor. A few months later, the\\npublication of the paper was permanently discontinued.\\nIn March, 1868, an exceedingly ultra Democratic newspaper entitled T?ie\\nCopperhead, previously published at Bella, Marion County, was removed to\\nOttumwa. M. V. B. Bennett, H. M. McCully and S. B. Evans here con-\\ntinued its publication until December of that year, when Mr. Bennett withdrew.\\nIn December, 1870, Mr. McCully also withdrew. Mr. Evans, on thus succeed-\\ning to the sole editorship and proprietorship, immediately changed the name\\nThe Copperhead to that of the Ottumwa Democrat.\\nThe Democrat was published by S. B. Evans and J. W. Norris, who\\nbecame associated some time since, and was one of the leading papers of the\\nState. In 1875, a daily edition was published for three months.\\nIn 1870, H. S. Bailey brought a job ofiice to Ottumwa, and commenced a\\njobbing business. He secured the services of Dr. G. F. Foster, and began the\\npublication of a paper called The Reveille, which was a lively, gossipy sheet,\\nwhile it lived a period compassed by about six months, if memory is not at\\nfault, since no files are now extant.\\nThe Ottumwa Journal, a German weekly, was established in 1871, by A.\\nDanquard, and is still a paper of influence among the Germans of the county.\\nApril 4, 1874, the Ottumwa Printing Company, composed of N. M. Ives,\\n0. G. Graves, Dr. G. F. Foster, and others, began the publication of t]|^ Spirit", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 485\\nof the Times. Dr. Foster soon withdrew from the Company. In 1875, H. M.\\nIves, son of N. M. Ives, purchased Mr. Graves interest. The paper was con-\\nducted by the Messrs. Ives until July, 1876, when I. T. Flint purchased a one-\\nthird interest, and the name of the paper was changed to the Ottumwa Times.\\nDuring the following February, Mr. Flint retired from the firm, and from that\\ndate the paper was owned and managed by N. M. Ives Son.\\nNovember 14, 1878, the Democrat and Times appeared, being a consolida-\\ntion of those papers. The publishers are Ives Evans (H. M. Ives and S. B.\\nE vans); the editors are S. B. Evans and N. M. Ives.\\nSECRET SOCIETIES.\\nThe first Masonic organization effected in Ottumwa was that of Ottumwa\\nLodge. No. 16. Work began, under dispensation, in the summer of 1848, as\\nis shown by the following notice, which is a copy of the first ever published in\\nthe Courier\\nThe regular communication of Ottumwa Lodge, U. D., will be bolden at Mason s Hall, in\\nthis place, Friday, the 18th inst., at 7 o clock P. M. A punctual attendance of all the members\\nis required. Brethren of good standing in all regular lodges are respectfully invited to attend.\\nAugust 18, 1848. Bel A White, Secretary.\\nThe first officers chosen were H. M. C. Lane, W. M. V. W. Coffin, S.\\nW. J. C. Tolman, J. W. Samuel Cornes, Treasurer Bela White, Secre-\\ntary T. A. Truman, S. D. N. L. Gebhart, J. D. Seth Fair, Tiler. The\\ncharter was issued in November, 1848. Speaking of the first installation, the\\nCourier says, under date of December, 1848:\\nThe Ottumwa Lodge, No. 16, A., F. A. M., which for a few months had been acting under\\ndispensation, received its charter in November, 1848. A public installation of oiEcers was held\\non the 22d, by Gen. Humphrey, M. W. Grand Master, assisted by James Shepherd, Esq., D. G.\\nMaster. An address was delivered by Rev. Mr. Smith, of Burlington, and the Rev. A. Shinn\\nacted as Chaplain. The Fairiield Brass Band was present, and a grand dinner was given at the\\nOttumwa House, under the auspices of mine host, James Hawley. The following gentlemen\\nwere installed as officers of the Lodge D. M. C. Lane, Worshipful Master V. W. Coffin, Senior\\nWarden; J. C. Tolman, Junior Warden; N. Baldwin, Treasurer; Bela White, Secretary; N. C.\\nHill, Senior Deacon N. L. Gebhart, Junior Deacon M. W. Hopkinson, Tiler.\\nThe present officers are: W. W. Douglass, W. M. J. S. Young, S. W.\\nH. P. Colt, J. W. W. H. H. Asbury, Treasurer; A. N. Barnes, Secretary;\\nR. L. Tilton, S. D. W. F. McCue, J. D. J. M. Riser, S. S. W. R. Daum,\\nJ. S. H. B. Powell, Tiler.\\nEmpire Lodge., No. 269. The organization of this Lodge dates back only\\nto October 21, 1869, under dispensation issued to J. C. Hinsey, Master; I. N.\\nMast, S. W.; George Hill, J. W.; William C. Holden, S. D.; M. McFarlin,\\nJ. D.; John F. Lewis, Treasurer Joseph Gray, Secretary and H. B. Crowell,\\nTiler; the constituent members being John Gray, L. L. McBride, C. H.\\nPotts, Charles 0. Williams, J. P. Cornes, 0. E. Stewart and Charles W, Betts.\\nThe charter was granted June 15, 1870, the following being enrolled as charter\\nmembers: J. C. Hinsey, W. M.; I. N. Mast, S. W.; John Gray, J. W.; John\\nP. Lewis, Treasurer; Charles S. Graves, Secretary. The present number of mem-\\nbers belonging to this Lodge is sixty-three. The names of its officers come below\\nE. B. Hill, W. M.; Robert Finley, S. W.; Charles Schick, J. W.; J. W.\\nNichols, S. D.; Richard Stevens, J. D.; Charles Sax, Treasurer; George T.\\nBedwell, Secretary.\\nClinton Chapter, No. 9, R. A. M., was organized February 16, 1855, under\\ndispensation issued to P. C. Daum, High Priest; J. J. Adams, King; J. G.\\nTaylor, Scribe; and the following Companions: John Pumroy, W. W. Farley,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "486 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nE. Washburn, Silas Osborn, J. W. Caldwell, T. J. Holmes and W. C. Hatten.\\nThe charter was granted June 2, 1855, and the following officers elected and\\ninstalled P. C. Daura, High Priest J. J. Adams, King J. G. Taylor, Scribe\\nN. C. Hill, Treasurer; J. Hayne, Secretary; J. Pumroy, C. H.; W, W. Far-\\nley, P. S.; E. Washburn, R. A. C; Silas Osborne, G. M. 3d V.; A. L. Graves,\\nG. M. 2d v.; P. J. Holmes, G. M. 1st V.; R. H. Warden, G.\\nOn October 29, 1868, Masonic Hall was burned, and during the fire the\\ncharter of this Lodge was also destroyed. A new charter was granted October\\n21, 1869, in place of the old one.\\nThe present officers of the Chapter are: W. A. McGrew, H. P.; C. L.\\nWarren, King; Daniel Traul, Scribe; W. W. Douglass, Captain of H.; R. L.\\nTilton, Pr. Sjr.; J. M. Kiser, R. A. Captain Charles Bachman, G. M. 3d V.;\\nJohn F. Lewis, G. M. 2d V.; E. B. Hills, G. M. 1st V.; P. C. Daum, Treas-\\nurer M. B. Walker, Secretary H. B. Powell, Tiler.\\nMalta Commandery^ No. 31, K. T. Constituted under dispensation\\nMarch 7, A. D. 1877 constituted under charter October 27, A. D. 1877.\\nOfficers first elected were W. A. McGrew, E. C. W. G. Linn, G. R. A.\\nWilson, C. G. A. C. Stilson, P. R. L. Tilton, S. W. C. L. Walker, J. W.;\\nW. B. Armstrong, Treasurer; Samuel Brumsay, Recorder. Members, P. W.\\nCapron, M. B. Walker, P. C. Daum, J. C. Hinsey, M. A. Potter, D. A. Pool,\\nSamuel Cowan, Daniel Traul, J. S. Wood, L. D. Bosworth, E. E. Bruce, W.\\nW. Douglass, A. Lotspeich, W. B. Goodall, F. C. Warden, T. B. McDonald,\\nC. Bachman, L. E. Gray, H. B. Powell, N. L. Gebhart, H. S. Storrs, Levi\\nJones, William McCune, A. N. Barns, A. P. Peterson, A. C. Hill, W. H. H.\\nAsbury, W. M. Cook, A. W. Bell, S. L. McGavic, Joseph Sloan, T. W. Wil-\\nson, Harrison Hines, G. W. Parke, J. S. Young, W. F. McCue, G D. Cook,\\nW. T. Carter, B. F. Elbert.\\nPresent officers, W. A. McGrew, E. C. W. W. Douglass, G. C. Bach-\\nman, C. G. A. C. Stilson, P. W. B. Armstrong, Treasurer W. B. Goodall\\nRecorder.\\nOttumiva Lodge, No. 9, I. 0. 0. F., was first planned in the fall of 1847,\\nwhen a few members of the order met in a log building near where the First\\nNational Bank now stands, and talked the matter over. There were but eight\\nLodges in Iowa at that time. Finally, John F. Baldwin, Duane F. Gaylord,\\nV. W. Coffin, Thomas A. Freeman, Thomas J. Devin, B. Roysdon and George\\nM. Wright petitioned for a charter, which was granted by the U. S. Grand\\nLodge at Baltimore. May 15, 1848, D. D. G. M. William Patterson, came to\\nOttumwa, bringing the charter, which had been dated January 27, 1848.\\nTraveling was so difficult that weeks had elapsed since the document was written.\\nUnder this charter, the first officers were Bertrand Jones, N. G. T. J, Devin.\\nV. G. G. M. Wright, Secretary. The Lodge has prospered, and is now in a\\nsound condition. It has admitted 364 members, by all methods, during its\\nthirty years of life, 278 of whom were by initiation. Eleven of its members\\nhave died while still associated with the Lodge. George M. Wright was the\\nfirst to die.\\nThe list of names below given are those of the Noble Grands since the\\norganization of the Lodge. The figures following certain names indicate the\\nnumber of times those members were elected to the chair. Bertrand Jones,\\nJames Hawley, Sr., J. F. Baldwin (2), T. J. Devin, V. W. Coffin, Thomas G.\\nGiven (2), J. B. Myers, D. F. Gaylord (4), Joseph Leighton, Uriah Biggs, W.\\nL. Orr (2), George Gillaspy, Charles F. Blake, E. Washburn, Josiah Dibble,\\nJ. Harris (2), B. W. Jefi ries, C. A. Bradshaw, Elendorf, D. C. Mitchell,.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 487\\nW. P. Sharp (3), B. J. Boulton, H. C. Grube, Thomas Eyer, T. J. Douglass,\\nE. L. Burton (2), M. McFarlin, Joseph Wagg, Charles Sax, R. S. Denney,\\nFrank Fiedler, A. F. Hoddy, G. A. Derby, R. B. Cochran, V;. T. Starr, D.\\nW. Tower, L. M. Godley, L. J. Allen, T. R. Bickley, C. F. W. Bachman (2),\\nE. E. Thompson, J. M. Kissee, W. H. Lewis, C. B. Rounds (2), W. J. Mitchell,\\nT. J. Hall, John Guthrie, M. J. Burns, Conrad Ostertag, W. J. Bayliss.\\nA Division of the Order of the Sons of Temperance was organized in\\nOttumwa on the 21st of November 1848, by G. W. P., W. G. Anderson, of\\nKeokuk, and elected the following officers W. P., John D. Devin W. A., R.\\nH. Warden; R. S., H. P. Graves; F. S., James Adams; T., Joseph H. D.\\nStreet; C, William H. Baldwin; A. C, Austin W. Hammitt; I. S., A. T.\\nTHE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.\\nThere is nothing of an official character relative to the first public schools\\nof District No. 1 extant. The records, in all probability, were consumed in\\nthe fire Avhich destroyed the old City Hall. Personal recollection and newspaper\\nfiles of that date are called into requisition to supply missing data and from\\nsuch sources it becomes apparent that the education of youth was not neglected\\nin the early years of the town s existence. The first authentic mention of the\\ncondition of the schools is made in 1848.\\nBy the Courier of September 22, 1848, we learn that in Ottumwa there\\nwere two schools well attended, but no schoolhouse. At Agency, the citizens,\\nby means of private contributions, had built a neat and commodious frame\\nschoolhouse.\\nOn the 18th of October, 1848, Mr. S. V. Blakeslee announced his inten-\\ntion of opening a High School in Ottumwa. He had completed his college\\ncourse a year before, somewhere in the East, and proposed to establish a literary\\ninstitution of high order in the valley of the Des Moines. The course of study he\\nlaid out was of wide range, including surveying and navigation, Greek, Latin\\nand French, the higher mathematics and all the philosophies. It was to be\\nopened November 1.\\nIn May, 1849, the citizens of School District No. 2, which joined the\\nOttumwa District (No. 1) on the north, voted a tax of 1 per cent for the pur-\\npose of building a comfortable brick schoolhouse in that District, on the site\\noccupied by the log schoolhouse, near Mr. John Alexander s residence.\\nThe school moneys were obtained from the general fund, however, and\\nthat fact confirms the belief that the law^ was fully complied with. Local taxa-\\ntion was also resorted to, and the excellence of the schools is attested by the\\nmen who were then conversant with the affairs of the District, and still remem-\\nber the general impressions which prevailed at that early date.\\nOn the 12th of September, 1849, the citizens of School District No. 1\\n(embracing Ottumwa and vicinity) held a meeting, at which it was determined\\nto build a schoolhouse. The sum of $100 was appropriated for the purchase\\nof a lot, and the house itself was to cost $1,450. They agreed upon a build-\\ning 26x50 feet, two stories high, and to be made of brick.\\nThis plan was not carried out, through some misunderstanding or disagree-\\nment as to locality. In 1850 or 1851, two frame buildings were erected, one\\nbeing the present residence of Rev. H. B. Knight, and the other the residence\\nof H. B. Jones. These were the first houses erected in the town for the\\nexclusive purpose of holding school sessions therein.\\nIn November, 1853, Miss Lavina Chandler opened a private school in the\\nLower Schoolhouse in Ottumwa.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "488 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nPrivate schools were maintained at an early day. Misses Hornby and\\nStreet opened a school in Ottumwa on the 6th of August, 1855, in the second\\nstory of A. J. Spaulding s block. Mr. W. A. Sutliff also opened a select school\\nat about the same time.\\nThe Ottumwa Seminary, under the m.anagement of Dr. A. G. Lucas,\\nassisted by C. R. Johnson, was opened on the 8th of October, 1855.\\nThe first meetng of which any record is made was held May 15, 1858,\\nbeing called a meeting of the Directors of Ottumwa City School District, in\\nthe office of S. B. Thrall. There were present J. M. McElroy, President\\nW. L. Orr, Vice President, and S. B. Thrall, Secretary, who presented their\\ncertificates of election, and having been duly qualified they were received, and\\nordered to be filed with the Secretary. The report then continues It was\\nmoved and carried that the bonds of the Treasurer be placed at $1,200. and\\nbond of Secretary at $600. The Treasurer was Charles Lawrence, and his\\nbond was indorsed by J, G. Baker. This seems to have been the only impor-\\ntant business transacted by the Directors at this meeting, with the exception of\\nappointing John Devin as Director of the District, to fill a vacancy. The\\nmeeting then adjourned until May 18 and at that time John Devin declined\\nthe honor of serving as Director, and E. Washburn was appointed to fill the\\nvacancy. At this meeting it was decided that a committee should wait upon\\nthe Trustees of the Methodist Church, and endeavor to procure the upper rooms\\nof the church-building, or, if failing fn that, to procure a room in the Court\\nHouse or elsewhere for a schoolroom. The church rooms were secured with-\\nout paying additional rent. On motion, the Secretary was instructed to\\nascertain whether it would be necessary (under the action of the new school law)\\nto call a meeting at this time of the electors of the District, to levy a tax for\\nschool purposes. By this it will be seen that a desire had already sprung up\\nfor a new schoolhouse but the County Judge subsequently informed the\\nDirectors that he had ascertained that it was not necessary to call a meeting\\nof the Directors at the pi^esent time. The May 18th meeting was adjourned\\nuntil June 18. When together, among other business, Dr. Orr complained\\nthat a number of scholars were so irregular in their attendance at school as\\nvery materially to interfere with the progress of the classes. After some\\ndiscussion as to the best method to adopt to obviate the evil, it was moved and\\ncarried that the President publish in the city papers a statement of the circum-\\nstances, and appeal to parents to send their children regularly. Subsequent\\nto this, meetings were held July 19, August 19 and August 30, until the hold-\\ning of the first yearly meeting, September 6, during which, however, nothing\\nof interest was done. The work above has been monthly labor, and the pro-\\nceedings have been recorded quite fully, inasmuch as the work was about the\\nfirst done. The space occupied in the pages to come will involve only the\\nyearly meetings, the first of which, as before mentioned, was September 6,\\n1858, at which the Secretary said that if a school was to be kept any\\nlength of time during the following year, it would be necessary to levy a tax\\nto pay the larger part of the expenses, The outlay for this purpose would be\\nat least $1,800 to $2,000, and that there would be paid into the district\\ntreasury, in April, 1859, between $300 and $400 as the portion belonging to\\nthis district. The balance would have to be raised by tax. E. Washburn\\ndesired to have the school run ten months out of the year. An amendment\\nmade it nine months. Another was proposed, reducing the period of school\\ndays to six months of the twelve. The nine-months men were the strongest,\\nand their votes weighed down the scale. After making various estimates as to", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 489\\nthe per cent necessary to be levied, it was resolved that one-fourth of one per\\ncent be levied on the taxable property of the district.\\nThe Directors then adjourned until March 14, 1859, the meeting being for\\nthe purpose of electing officers for the ensuing year, the Directors coming\\ntogether by authority of the City Council, acting in consequence of Act No.\\n11, being an act to confer certain powers on towns and cities for school pur-\\nposes, passed by the Board of Education at its first session held at Des\\nMoines, December, 1858. The names of the newly-elected officers come after.\\nPresident, Thomas C. Woodward; Vice President, S. B. Thrall; Secretary, S.\\nD. Morse Treasurer, John Moore Directors, Joseph Hayne, Joseph H.\\nMerrill and F. J. Hunter.\\nMarch 12, 1860, the third yearly meeting was held, and the following offi-\\ncers elected: Thomas C. Woodward, President; M. J. Williams, Vice Presi-\\ndent; S. B. Thrall, Secretary; James Hawley, Sr., Treasurer; Director for\\nthree years, Charles F. Blake. It will be noticed that here the system of elect-\\ning the three Directors per year, was changed from one year to one Director at\\nalternate years, each member to serve three years from date of election. After\\nthis business, it was decided to hold a meeting March 24, to take into consider-\\nation the propriety of levying, and the amount of tax to be levied in the dis-\\ntrict for the support of schools the ensuing year. The result of the adjourned\\nconference was, that such a tax should be levied as required by the school\\nlaw.\\nWhen the Board next assembled, it was March 11, 1861. At that meeting\\nCharles F. Blake moved that a tax of 5 mills on the dollar be levied on the\\ntaxable property of the district to\\nBUILI) A SCHOOLHOUSE.\\nThe motion prevailed and the Board proceeded to elect officers, and to\\nvote by ballot. Following was the result: Thomas C. Woodward, President;\\nM. J. Williams, Vice President S. B. Thrall, Secretary John Moore, Treas-\\nurer; Joseph Hayne, Director for three years.\\nMarch 10, 1862. was the dat^e of the next meeting. On motion of Mr.\\nMcElroy, it was decided to sell the schoolhouse lot owned by the district. Mr.\\nWashburn was in favor of advertising for proposals to build a schoolhouse, but\\nwas not suffici*ently sustained in his enterprise to warrant a successful consum-\\nmation of the proposed scheme. Therefore, the only thing to do was to elect\\nofficers and adjourn, these being the favored ones President, W. J. Ross\\nVice President, J. M. McElroy Secretary, G. D. Hackworth Treasurer, A.\\nM. Bonnifield; Director for three years, Thomas Neville.\\nOn March 9, 1863, the Board met again. This meeting was an important\\none and drove the stake to which the future substantial educational features of\\nOttumwa were moored. Thus, inasmuch as the Board voted that a schoolhouse\\nshould be built, and instead of the children being subjected to a toting about\\nfrom pillar to post at the pleasure of church trustees or some one else, who\\nmight at any moment refuse their portals for the purpose of affording the car-\\nrying-out of educational plans, the growing village of Ottumwa was to have an\\nestablishment dignified with the title of educational institution. And to cap\\nthis climax of accomplishments, Mr. G. Gillaspy moved that the Board be\\ninstructed to locate the schoolhouse on College Square. Carried by 120 to 15.\\nIt was decided that a tax of one-half of one per cent should be levied for\\nschool purposes. After which the names that follow were set down as being\\nthe choice of the meeting for officers for the year to come W. J. Ross, Pres-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "490 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nident; J. C. Fisher, Vice President; Timothy Riordan, Secretary; A. M.\\nBonnifield, Treasurer; T. J. Holmes, Director.\\nThe meeting of the following year was March 14, 1864. The only bus-\\niness done was the election of officers. There were 277 ballots cast. The\\nresult was President, Dr. C. C. Warden A ^ice President, William Daggett\\nTreasurer, James Hawley; Secretary, James T. Hackworth; Director,\\nCharles F. Blake.\\nThe meeting of March 13, 1865, was merely for the election of officers, and,\\nwith the exception of Director, which honor was assigned to William J. Ross,\\nthe officers remained unchanged.\\nThe result of the meeting of March 12, 1866, was the same as the two pre-\\nA ious, this time F. Arthur being elected Director.\\nAt the meeting of March 11, 1869, the solid business of the Board\\nbegan. The financial reports began to come in, the first report being for the\\nyear 1863. The total expenditures of that year were |621.73. In this year,\\nthe excavation and first work on the building were commenced. The next year,\\nthe expenses began to multiply, and at the close of 365 days the district had\\nexpended $11,825.98 for various purposes, among which was $15 for legal\\nopinion on right to build on College Square. In 1865, the Board laid out\\n$13,208.49. This was the height of expenditures, for in the next year, 1866,\\nthe figures fell off to $2,087.50. The total cost of the building and furnishing\\nhad now amounted to $28,818.57. Of this, $20,600 had been borrowed. The\\nreport says The district is now in debt, on building account, about $2,860\\nto teachers, to April 1, 1867, $1,380 all other debts, to April 1, 1867, will\\nbe about $156 probable total debt, on April 1, 1867, $4,390. There is now\\nin the treasury $929.06. The report of the total cost of the school, from\\nSeptember 3, 1866, to the close of the term of April 1, 1867, was $4,288.75.\\nFor the entire year, $5,800 to $6,000. It was decided that a tax of 2^ mills\\non the dollar be levied on taxable property of the district for the schoolhouse\\nfund, and 2i mills for the teachers fund. The election of officers followed, the\\nPresident being Dr. C. C. Warden Vice President, J. M. Hedrick Secre-\\ntary, S. B. Thrall Treasurer, James Hawley Director, J. C. Hinsey.\\nThe coming together of the Board on March 9, 1868, was an event of im-\\nportance. The report of the Treasurer showed that $4,269.23 had been\\nexpended. This for schoolhouse improvements. The cost of the schools for\\nthe ten months had been $7,600, a total of $11,869.23.\\nThere were now thirteen teachers employed by the district, this including\\nthe Principal, the total pay of the teachers being $670 per month. A motion\\nwas made to levy 1 mill schoolhouse tax. The affirmative vote was 55\\nto 24 against. A tax of 2^ mills for teachers fund was recommended, and\\na decisive vote taken in favor of the levy. The election of officers came\\nnext, as follows: Dr. C. C. Warden, President; H. Bross, Vice President;\\nD. W. Power, Secretary James Hawley, Sr., Treasurer Charles Lawrence,\\nDirector.\\nThe thirteenth yearly meeting was held March 8, 1869. A levy of a\\n^-mill tax for schoolhouse purposes was voted upon and carried. The report\\nof the expenditures for the year past showed that a total of $11,312.64 had\\nbeen paid out. The election of officers resulted as follows Dr. S. B. Thrall,\\nPresident; William L. Orr, Vice President; J. H. Merrill, Treasurer; 0.\\nTower, Secretary J. W. Edgerly, Director.\\nAgain the Board met March 14, 1870. The subject of building a school-\\nhouse in the northwest portion of the district came up, and the Board, on final", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 493\\nmotion of Dr. C. C. Warden, resolved to buy a lot suitable and build a school-\\nhouse, the cost of the house, exclusive of the lot and furniture, not to exceed\\n$5,000. The financial report was listened to. There had been an outlay of\\n^9,089.98 for the ten months. The election of officers put into positions\\nHerman Bross, President A. H. Hamilton, Vice President S. B. Thrall,\\nTreasurer W. L. Orr, Secretary J. W. Edgerly, Director.\\nThe next yearly meeting, March 13, 1871, was ushered in with the usual\\nreports, a reading of the expense report, which amounted to $11,103.49, and\\nthe levy of 1 mill tax for the building of a schoolliouse in the west side of the\\ndistrict. The following School Directors were elected Dr. William L. Orr,\\nDr. C. C. Warden.\\nMarch 11, 1872. at the annual meeting, it was ascertained that, according\\nto the finance report read, the expenditures for the year had been $16,267.84.\\nTwo Directors, L. M. Godley and G. F. Knight, were elected, and the Board\\nadjourned.\\nMarch 10, 1873, the meeting was called. The expenses for the year had\\nbeen $14,512.45; receipts, $12,801.02. The election of officers followed.\\nFor President, J. W. Edgerly Treasurer, George Haw Director, for one\\nyear, W W. Pollard; two Directors for three years, Fred. Arthur, Oliver C.\\nGraves.\\nA yearly meeting was held March 9, 1874. A total of $18,625.03 had\\nbeen the receipts, and $14,629.13 the expenditures for the year. The election\\ncame after. J. W. Edgerly, Dr. S. B. Thrall, were made Directors for three\\nyears each, and Dr. J. Williamson for two years.\\nOn March 9, 1875, the Board met again. The receipts for the year had\\nbeen $12,453.06 the expenditures, $14,524.95. J. H. Merrill and W. T.\\nHarper were elected Directors. A vote was taken on school bonds, there being\\n396 ballots for and 142 against.\\nThe meeting of March 13, 1876, was important. It was decided that $6,000\\nof bonds should be issued, payable in three years. The receipts for the year\\nwere $23,325.70; the expenditures were $31,140.79. The debt of the district\\nat that time was $18,561.10, as shown by the report. W. B. Armstrong and\\nW. H. Fetzer were elected Directors.\\nMarch 12, 1877, a meeting was held, and the reports showed that the year s\\nreceipts had been $27,387.81, and the expenses $22,337.11. J. W. Edgerly\\nand Alfred Lotspeich were elected Directors.\\nThe last meeting was held March 11, 1878. During the past year there\\nhas been $25,332.15 received into the treasury, and $25,332.15 paid out. The\\nbonded debt as it now stands is $11,000 outstanding orders, $7,000 making\\nthe district s total debt $18,000. The following officers now constitute the\\nBoard J. W. Edgerly, President W. E. Chambers, Vice President C. F. Blake,\\nSecretary A. W. Stuart, Superintendent Directors, J. H. Merrill, W. T.\\nHarper, W. B. Armstrong, J. W. Edgerly, Jacob Chilton. There are now\\nthi-ee public school edifices at Ottumwa. The High School department is in\\nthe Adams School. That division employs 5 teachers (including Superintend-\\nent) Adams School, 10 teachers Lincoln School, 6 teachers Douglas\\nSchool, 6 teachers making a total of 27 teachers.\\nWith the completion of the Adams Schoolhouse, the present system of\\nOttumwa may be said properly to have begun. Previous to that the schools\\nwere scattered over town, with different teachers, and under as many different\\nsystems as there were teachers. There was no superintendent, or recognized\\nhead of schools. At the opening of the Adams building, Dr. Warden was", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "494 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY,\\nPresident of the Board. He was a man much interested in school work, and a\\nman universally recognized as a prudent and economical business man. And\\nfor this reason he was able to carry forward many reforms in the school manage-\\nment, which might have failed if undertaken by others.\\nAt this time, Mr. L. M. Hastings was chosen Superintendent. He had had\\nconsiderable experience in school work, was an excellent organizer and disci-\\nplinarian, as well as devoted to his work. He was continued as Superintendent\\nuntil ]873.\\nObject-teaching was then attracting considerable attention, and the Board,\\nnot to be behind others, sent to Oswego, N. Y., and secured the services of Miss\\nPride, a graduate of the school there. She opened a school here in which the\\npupils were instructed according to the object method, and also gave instruction\\nto a class of other teachers, who wished to be instructed in the new plan. This\\nmethod is still continued in a degree in the present schools, and has been found\\nof great benefit. Miss Pride was succeeded by Miss Ennis in this department,\\nand she, in turn, by Miss Reeder and Miss Spaulding.\\nProf. Wilson Palmer succeeded Mr. Hastings as Superintendent in 1873,\\nwhen he resigned, and the Board elected Prof. A. W. Stuart, who holds that\\nofiice at the present time.\\nThe Presidents of the Board, since its organization as an independent dis-\\ntrict, have been T. C. Woodward, 1859 to 1862 W. J. Ross, 1862 to 1864\\nC. C. Warden, 1864 to 1869 S. B. Thrall. 1869 to 1871 C. C. Warden, 1871\\nto 1872 J. W. Edgerly, 1872 to the present time.\\nThe schools of Ottumwa take a high rank among the schools of Iowa, as\\nwell as among those of the Western States. The Superintendents have been\\nmen of high rank in their profession, and they have been aided by a corps of\\nteachers as good as could be procured. Special teachers are supplied to teach\\nmusic and German. The High School especially is worthy of praise. The\\nrequirements for admission there are very nearly the same as for corresponding\\nschools in Chicago and St. Louis.\\nOTTUMWA BUSINESS COLLEGE.\\nThis school was established in June, 1871, by W. C. Caldwell and J. W.\\nOldham. They began with only one student, but were determined to succeed\\nin introducing a practical educational institution. In 1872, Mr. Caldwell\\nbought the interest of Mr. Oldham, and added a telegraphic department. In\\n1874, Mr. C. sold out to Messrs. Fugate Thompson, who greatly increased\\nthe business. The College is an established concern, and is steadily growing in\\npopular favor. The rooms are over the post office, on Main street. It is now\\nconducted by Messrs. Strong Shafer.\\nOTTUMWA PUBLIC LIBRARY.\\nA Stock library was organized in March, 1 72, by several prominent gentle-\\nmen of the city, among them being E. S. Sheffield, W. E. Chambers, E. Faw-\\ncett, J. C. Osgood and Rev. H. Bross. The first officers now are Samuel\\nMahon, President; Rev. H. B. Knight, Vice President; J. W. Edgerly, Sec-\\nretary W. A. McGrew, Treasurer, and Miss Emma Daum, Librarian. There\\nare 2,000 volumes in the library, all carefully chosen. This is in addition to all\\npamphlets and documents. The stock is placed at $2,000, and persons are\\nentitled to the privileges of the Library by the payment of an annual fee\\nof $3.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 495\\nCHURCHES.\\nThe First Minister of the Gospel. Mr. Spaulding came to Agency in\\n1843, probably in the fall, but the exact date is not obtainable. He was a\\ngraduate of Andover Theological Seminary, and was one of a party of young\\nmen who were sent out as missionaries in 1843, under the auspices of the Con-\\ngregational Church. The men were known as the Iowa Band. Mr. Spaul-\\nding was an able, devoted man, and one who was able to appreciate the situation\\nin which his duty placed him.\\nIn recognition of the influence exerted over the new society in Wapello\\nCounty in those early days, and in the later ones, as well, no more agreeable\\ntask has fallen to the historian s lot than that of recording the biographical\\nsketch, here briefly given, of Mr. Spaulding.\\nThere was probably no one of the early settlers of Wapello Count v who,\\nwhile living, occupied a higher place in the confidence and hearts of the people\\nthan did this pioneer clergyman. He was a man of singular simplicity and\\npurity of character, a Christian in thought and deed. As the first Pastor of\\nthe Congregational Church of Ottumwa, he labored nobly for the good of his\\nSociety and the welfare of the whole community.\\nHe was born January 20, 1815, at Billerica, Middlesex Co., Mass. the\\neldest son of Sampson and Susannah Spaulding. His mother s maiden name was\\nSkinner. There were ten children in the family, of which he was the fifth.\\nIn his early youth, he prepared his mind for college, and attended Philips\\nAcademy, at Andover, and Yale and Harvard Colleges successively, graduating\\nfrom the latter in 1840. From Harvard he went to the Andover Theolocrical\\nSeminary and remained through a full course of three years. At the age of\\ntwenty, he experienced religion, and thenceforth trained his mind to the one\\nend of entering the ministry.\\nOf the class to which he belonged at Andover, eleven decided to devote\\nthemselves to missionary work, and selected the Territory of Iowa as the field\\nof their future operations. They met at Buffalo, N. Y., October 5, 1843 went\\nfrom there to Chicago by way of the lakes, and from there to Denmark, Iowa,\\nby private conveyance. The Iowa Band, as the young missionaries were\\ncalled, was ordained on the 2d of November, 1843. The names of some of\\nthis devoted band, and the stations then assigned to them, are obtainable and\\nare given a place in these records Rev. B. A. Spaulding, Wapello County\\nRev. Harvey Adams, Farmington and Bentonsport, Van Buren County Rev.\\nWilliam A. Thompson, Troj?, Davis County; Rev. E. Adams, Henry County;\\nRev. Horace Hutchinson, Burlington Rev. A. B. Robbins, Muscatine Rev.\\nEbenezer Alden, Cedar and Johnson Counties Rev. William Salter, Androw,\\nJackson County Rev. E. B. Turner, Cascade, Jones County.\\nMr. Spaulding came to Agency in the fall of 1843, having received his\\ninstructions as a missionary of the Home Missionary Society, at Andover, Mass.,\\nSunday evening, September 3, 1843. As has been said, he was assigned to\\nduty in Wapello County, on the 2d of November, and probably entered upon\\nthe Avork prior to the middle of that month.\\nThe exact date of Mr. Spaulding s arrival in Ottumwa. is also forgotten,\\nalthough the incident is vividly remembered by Dr. Warden and others. Dr.\\nWarden thinks it was in the spring of 1844, as he was then boarding at\\nthe Ottumwa House, kept by David Hall, and Mr. Spaulding came to the\\ntavern. The probabilities of a new country supporting a clergyman so aroused\\nthe Doctor s calculating faculties, that the event of the missionary s arrival is", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "496 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nfixed permanently in his mind. Mr. Spaulding remained in Ottumwa perma-\\nnently, after that time, preaching in log houses or wherever he could obtain suit-\\nable, or even endurable places. Dr. Warden humorously remarks that Mr.\\nSpaulding went about hunting for Congregationalists, and as Sewell Kenny and\\nwife were the only ones in Ottumwa, in 1844, it probably proved a grand field\\nfor research after they were discovered. Mrs. Kenny died in the summer of\\n1844, and Mr. Kenny moved away soon afterward, thus diminishing the\\nmembership of the society to as low an ebb as the first white settler found\\nit.\\nIn 1844, a church was formed at Agency, by Mr. Spaulding, with Mrs.\\nCoggswell and several of the Street family members.\\nMr. Spaulding was married to Ann N. Norris, April 5, 1847.\\nThe Congregational Church of Ottumwa was organized February 15, 1846,\\nwith eight members Bela White, Samuel S. Norris, Anna N. Norris,\\nJulia M. Norris, Peter Barnett, Mrs. P. Barnett, Mrs. David P. Smith.\\nMr. Spaulding was the Pastor from the first. For many years, he was the\\nrecipient of a sum of money from the Home Mission Society.\\nLot 151 on Court street, between Second and Third, was purchased. A\\nchurch edifice, 28x36, was commenced in 1849, and completed in 1850, at a\\ncost, for building and furnishing, of $1,018.49. An uncouth square tower was\\nerected at the rear end, at first for a belfry, but several years after it was pulled\\ndown, and a neat spire erected on the front part of the church. Shortly after\\nthe church was built, a bell was purchased and placed in the belfry, and for\\nseveral years it was the only bell in the place. At the time of the taking-down\\nof the belfry, twenty feet were added to the rear of the church. Until the\\ncompletion of the new Court House, the church was used for various public\\npurposes, beside the religious services of the society, it being the only suitable\\nbuilding in the place. Public meetings were held in it a school was taught in\\nit one year the District Court held its spring session of 1854 in it, being\\nsmoked out of the Court House.\\nOn the 26th of September, 1853, the Church became a legal body, by the\\nadoption of Articles of Incorporation, under the name of the Ottumwa Congre-\\ngational Church. The following persons were named in the instrument S. S.\\nNorris, B. A. Spaulding, W. H.. Cripps, John Hite, Luther Hite, Lewis Leib,\\nJohn Humphreys, J. Williamson and Joseph H. D. Street.\\nThe membership of the Church has steadily increased from the beginning,\\nbut owing to deaths and removals, it has continued small. Mr. Spaulding was\\nPastor twenty-two years. He was a finished scholar, an honest man, a good\\nneighbor and an able preacher his ministry was acceptable and productive of\\nresults that will always be manifest in the Church. His domestic life was pecul-\\niarly happy, and the hospitality of his home was unbounded the journeying\\nbrother always found his latch-string out. At an early day, he purchased half\\na block, bounded by College, Second and Union streets, six lots in all, and built\\non the lot at the corner of College anl Second streets, Avhere he resided many\\nyears, until about 1864, when he sold the property to Mr. J. G. Baker, and\\nbuilt on a forty-acre lot, a mile east of town. He resigned the pastorate in\\n1863. After this, he preached a year in Eau Claire, Wis., and, on his return,\\nwas elected County Superintendent of Schools, a position he held at the time\\nof his death, March 31, 1867.\\nMr. Spaulding s funeral sermon was preached by Rev. William Salter, of\\nBurlington, a classmate of his in the Seminary, one of the Iowa Band, and\\na warm personal friend.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 497\\nAs an indication of the character of the Congregational society, we quote\\nfrom the records of 1854, the following resolution\\nResolved, That neither slave-holders nor the apologists of slave-holding, shall be received to\\nmembership in this church.\\nThis was adopted at a time when Antislavery sentiments ostracized a man,\\nand when, especially so near the Missouri border, the entertainment of them was\\nnot only unpopular but dangerous. In them one can discern the radical hand\\nof Dr. J. Williamson, who has lived to see a prayed-for change in public belief.\\nThe Congregational Church has been under the pastoral charge of the fol-\\nlowing clergymen Rev. B. A. Spaulding, founder of the society, as shown in\\nthe foregoing pages Rev. Elias Clark, who came in October, 1863, and served\\nas a supply until October, 1864 Rev. Simeon Brown, Pastor from October,\\n1864, to the time of his death, which occurred February 16, 1867 Rev. Her-\\nman Bross, Pastor from May, 1867, until August, 1873 Rev. Orlando Clark,\\nwho served as supply from October, 1873, to October, 1874 Rev. J. W.\\nHealy, D. D., Pastor from October, 1876, until October, 1878 \u00c2\u00bbRev. R. M.\\nThompson, the present Pastor, who began his labors here in November, 1878.\\nThe church edifice now owned by this society is one which elicits praise\\nfrom all who see it. When the old church on Court street became too small,\\nthat property was sold and the proceeds applied toward the erection of the\\npresent structure on Fourth street, upon a site donated by Mr. Seth Richards.\\nThe designs of Benjamin J. Bartlett, architect, of Chicago, were accepted, and\\nthe work begun in 1875. The total cost of the property was |21,000. The\\ninside decorations were the work of Almini, of Chicago, and are exceedingly\\nartistic. The building stands upon the upper side of the street, facing the bus-\\niness part of town, and is constructed of brick. The style of architecture is a\\nmodification of the Gothic order, which is so peculiarly acceptable in houses of\\nworship. The abrupt elevation upon which the church stands permits of a\\nsemi-basement lecture-room, with side-rooms hallway and ample kitchen accom-\\nmodations. The social life of a society is one of the most essential elements of\\nvigor, and is properly provided for in this instance. The main floor is reached\\nby two entrances, and the audience-room is one of the most pleasing that we\\nhave found in Iowa. The rostrum and choir are at the side, and the seats\\narranged in semi-circular form. Ample windows of stained glass flood the room\\nwith subdued light from the right of the speaker, or the front of the building,\\nand also from the side opposite the desk. At the speaker s left, is a room for\\nminor meetings, which can be made a part of the audience room by the sliding\\nof large doors. When combined, these rooms give a seating capacity of 600.\\nFrom the side hallway and from the council-room the Pastor s study is reached.\\nAll of the upper floor is carpeted with a shade grateful to the eye, while the\\nmain seats are uniformly upholstered in brown rep and crimson velvet. There\\nis a graceful harmony of lines in the ceiling, which is constructed on a combined\\nplan of the groined and hammer-beamed roofs. The frescoing is of a cheerful,\\nmodern style, in which bright colors relieve neutral tints to good effect. There\\nis nothing puritanical or chilling about the edifice, but a sense of comfort and\\nwarmth pervades all. But above these many excellent features in importance\\nis the perfectness of the acoustic properties of the audience-room. The archi-\\ntect made a grand hit when he devised the lines and angles. It is one of the\\nbest rooms to speak in that can be found in the West. Take it for all in all,\\nthe church is a little gem, and the slight incumbrance still resting on it will be\\neasily removed under the direction of so worthy and efficient a gentleman as\\nthe Pastor now in charge.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "498 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe Presbyterian Church. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian\\nChurch improved the occasion of the Centennial of American Independence,\\nand authorized the preparation of church histories, to the end that the begin-\\nning, growth and present condition of the various churches might be perma-\\nnently recorded. Under such authority, Rev. H. B. Knight, Pastor in charge\\nof the Ottumwa Presbyterian Church, delivered the following address, Decem-\\nber 24, 1876. We have omitted only such portions as relate to general church\\nprogress, but have preserved all that refers to the individual society concerned\\nin this paper.\\nOpening the sessional records, there is on the first page the following\\nminute\\nThe Committee appointed to organize a Presbyterian Church in Ottumwa, viz., Rev. L. G.\\nBell ana Rev. S. C. SicCune, met December 21, 185:^, and occupied themselves in exploring cer-\\ntain portions of the county and in preaching the Word, until Saturday, December 24, when, at\\nthe hour of 11, the congregation met, and after a sermon by Rev. S. C. McCune, from\\nTimothy, iv, 14, and prayer, certificates from other Churches were presented by the following\\npersons Dr. W. L. Orr, .John Hite, Rebecca Hite, Luther Hite, Elizabeth Hite. Hannah Hoover,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2John M. Taylor, Sarah Taylor, Rebecca Brown, Charles Brown, Jonathan Heckard, Harriet\\nHeckard, Elizabeth Carmen, Martha Gray, Mary Davis, Sarah Moyer, Lucy A. Sloan.\\nThe following-named persons were received by the Committee upon profession of their faith,\\nviz., Ann Billman, Sarah L. Mudge, Daniel Hoover.\\nThen follows a record of the election, ordination and installation of three\\nRuling Elders, viz.: W. L. Orr, M. D., John Hite and John M. Taylor, after\\nwhich the Presbyterian Church of Ottumwa was declared duly organized.\\nOn the following day, Michael Heckard and Mary M., his wife, were\\nreceived on certificate. Thus the Church consisted, originally, of twenty-\\nthree members. Of this number but two. Dr. W. L. Orr and Mrs. Sarah L.\\nMudge, lived in town.\\nThe life thus commenced was sustained by toil, self-denial, prayer, heart,\\nbrain, and all the choicest treasures of the human soul. Those who engaged in\\nthis enterprise had a definite purpose before them, as is well expressed in the\\nArticles of Incorporation To promote the Christian religion in its doctrine,\\ngovernment, discipline and worship, as these are set forth in the book entitled,\\nThe Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.\\nWith a purpose so distinct and definite, embodying, as they believed,\\nprinciples vital to the maintenance of Christian liberty, with doctrinal purity,\\nthis little company, with faith and hope, addressed themselves to the work of\\nlaying the foundations of our grand historic Church in this place.\\nAt that time the population of Ottumwa did not, perhaps, exceed 600.\\nFrom this fact we may infer something of the trials incident to the life and\\ngrowth of the infant Church, yet being of those who are firm believers in the\\nperseverance of the saints, they cast anchor and waited for the day. For\\neighteen months after its organization the Church was supplied at irregular\\nintervals by members of the Presbytery of Des Moines. During this period, while\\nthere was life, there was little growth.\\nBut all this time, unknown to the flock, the shepherd was being trained\\nfor his work, and in July, 1855, the first Pastor, Rev. J. M. McElroy, a licen-\\ntiate of the Presbytery of Chillicothe, Ohio, arrived and entered with a zeal\\nand devotion upon his work, which never flagged during a pastorate of nearly\\nfourteen years. The first service was held in the old Court House, nearly oppo-\\nsite where the City Hall now stands. The present Court House was not\\nyet inclosed. The Presbyterian and Baptist Churches secured joint occupancy\\nof Leighton s Hall, on Main street, a room about 20x36 feet in size, with low", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 499\\nceiling, and reached by a flight of rickety outside stairs. The room was fur-\\nnished with backless seats of cotton-Avood boards. On the 6th of December,\\n1855, the ordination and installation of the Pastor took place. The sermon on\\nthat occasion was delivered by Rev. D. V. Smock the charge to the Pastor by\\nRev. S. C. McCune, and the charge to the people by Rev. G. M. Swan, who,\\nin pointed terms, enjoined upon them to take care of their minister, his wife,\\nand horse.\\nFor two years after his arrival, the minister s time was divided between\\nthis place and Kirkville two thirds being given to the Ottumwa Church.\\nIn the spring of 1856, the first house of worship was commenced, and, in\\nJune of the same year, was completed and occupied. Mr. Jonathan Heckard\\nand brother, now members of this Church, residing near Point Isabel, con-\\ntributed the timber for the frame and did all the carpenter work. Dr. Orr board-\\ning the men Avhile at work. The entire cost of the building was, probably,\\nabout $1,200. The history of the material interests during this period can\\nonly be gathered from individual sources, as no congregational records were kept\\nuntil September, 1863.\\nThe first building was afterward sold, and is now occupied as a private\\nresidence, immediately in the rear of the present church edifice. Some com-\\nplaint was made at the time, that the church was too far out of town. The\\nforce of this objection will be better understood in the light of the fact that at\\nthat time a line drawn from the present residence of Judge Hendershott to this\\npoint, and extending west, along Fourth street, would have left the entire town\\non the river side, with much room to spare while on the north side, there was\\nno dwelling nearer than the present residence of Mr. Dana, more than a mile\\ndistant. It was with feelings of real comfort that the little band of worshipers\\nentered the unpretending sanctuary. They now had a church home, and it was\\nall their own. But scarcely had they recovered from their efforts to complete\\ntheir church, when, with the community and the country at !large, they were\\ncalled to face the money panic of 1857 and 1858, which, with poor crops, made\\nhard times for the people, and very close times as to temporal affairs with min-\\nister and church. The records, however, show that, during this financial crisis,\\nthe spiritual interests of the Church were more than usually prosperous, num-\\nbers being hopefully converted and brought into the Church.\\nSoon, however, the political sky became overcast with black and threaten-\\ning clouds, and the question of subsistence became merged into that of exist-\\nence, as call after call came for men to go to the front and place themselves in\\nthe dread array of battle. During those eventful years, the scenes and experi-\\nences which characterized every community and every church were enacted\\nwithin the circle composing this congregation.\\nFrom the families of this Church, seventeen men went to the front, of\\nwhom at least four never returned to fill again their places in social life. Within\\na few months, four successive Superintendents of the Sabbath school resigned\\nand entered the army.\\nBut why attempt to describe that which is so vivid in the memory of so\\nmany? The hardships of the camp; the dreary march; the shock of\\nbattle at the front the inconvenience and privation at home, and above\\nall, the dread and harrowing suspense while waiting for the list of killed\\nand wounded and missing, as the telegi aph flashed the intelligence of victory\\nor defeat. Those were days in which the faith of God s people was sorely tried,\\nbut failed not. During all the war, as before and afterward, there was substan-\\ni;ial harmony in the Church.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "500 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nIn the year 1863, while most of the male members of the Church were in\\nthe army, the ladies, having in view the growing necessity for a larger church\\nbuilding, purchased the lot on which the present edifice stands, and which then\\nextended to the alley adjoining the property of Mrs. George Gillaspy, for $325.\\nBy their own exertion they paid for it, and placed on the ground the rock to be\\nused in the foundation of the building. The actual work of construction was\\ncommenced in 1865. The old church was sold, and services transferred to the\\nCourt House. The taxable property of the membership at this time was less\\nthan $40,000. The entire cost of lot, building and furnishing was about\\n$8,000. Of this sum, the ladies secured about $1,500. The Board of Church\\nErection paid $800 personal friends in other places, about $100. The\\nremainder was secured by direct and unremitting efforts by members and friends\\nin this community. Only those who have passed through a similar experience\\ncan appreciate the toil and self-denial and sacrifice necessary to accomplish the\\nresult. But with this outward activity, and following it, there was manifested an\\nearnest spiritual life. During the year 1866, the Church was blessed with more\\nmarked religious interest and larger accessions than at any previous time no\\nextra means, yet a quiet, constant revival. The people were giving up their time\\nand substance until they felt it they had brought all the tithes into the store-\\nhouse, and the Lord opened the windows of heaven.\\nFor some time previous to the termination of the first pastorate, in April,\\n1869, the failing health of the Pastor compelled a partial cessation from active\\nwork. The congregation to whom he had ministered so long and with whom\\nhe had endured so much, and between whom and himself the strongest ties of\\nChristian afi ection existed, declined to act upon his resignation, but voted a\\nrelease from all pastoral work for six months, hoping that rest and freedom from\\ncare would result in fully-restored health. The Pastor, however, early in 1869,\\nbeing convinced that restoration to health depended on complete freedom from\\nresponsibility, again asked the congregation to unite with him in seeking from\\nthe Presbytery a dissolution of the pastoral relations. Influenced by a sense of\\nduty to their Pastor, the congregation acceded to the request, and, on the 21st\\nday of April, 1869, the relation was dissolved. On the same day, a call was\\npresented by the Church and placed in the hands of the present Pastor by the\\nPresbytery of Ottumwa, and accepted. He entered on his work the 23d day\\nof May, 1869, and was duly installed by a committee of the Presbytery on the\\n4th of June.\\nDuring the time that has passed since then, God has given many tokens\\nof His favor. The Church has been united and harmonious.\\nLess than one-third of those who were here in 1869 appear on the rolls\\nnow. During the same period, 152 persons have been admitted to member-\\nsliip.\\nThe Methodist Episcopal Church was first represented in Ottumwa by Eev.\\nThomas Kirkpatrick in 1844. Services were held in a log cabin situated\\nnearly where the First National Bank now stands. At about the same time,\\nservices were held in a log house where the Madison Block now is, which was\\nowned by Peter Barnett and occupied by him. The first organization was\\neffected in 1845, with Mr. Kirkpatrick, Pastdr. Heman P. Graves was the first\\nLeader. The following members were prominently identified with the Church\\nat that time Heman P. Graves and wife, Paul C. Jeffries and wife, Wash-\\nington Williams and wife, Martha Williams (now Mrs. C. C. Warden), Peter\\nBarnett and wife, Mrs. Joseph Hayne, Sarah Pumroy, Sarah Lewis, J. C. Evans\\nand wife. Services were held in different places wherever arrangements could.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELT COUNTY. 501\\nbe made during the first months of existence, then in the old Court House,\\nwhich stood about opposite the present City Hall. Subsequently, the Congre-\\ngational church-building was thrown open to them, and while in that edifice a\\ngreat revival of religion took place in Ottumwa, which marks an era in the\\nhistory of the Church. Among those who then joined the Society and still live\\nin the faith were Charles Lawrence and wife, John D. Devin, James A. Ham-\\nmond and many others. Among the first official members were Paul C. Jef-\\nfries, H. P. Graves, Joseph W. Caldwell, John D. Devin, Charles Lawrence,\\nW. L. Boston and Thomas J. Holmes. The present officials are A. E. McCue,\\nCharles Lawrence, W. B. Bonnifield, H. P. Graves, J. T. Hackworth, Isaac\\nMast, J. A. Hammond, Daniel Zollers, N, M. Tindell, George Haw, J. S.\\nWolf, George A. Witter, B. Randel, D. H. Emery. The Pastors have been\\nRevs. Thomas Kirkpatrick, Harrison, Pierce, J. Hayden, Daniel\\nDickerson, L. T. Rowley, L. Case, Fonts, A. C. McDonald, A. Robin-\\nson, F. W. Evans, Worthington, I. A. Bradrick, W. J. Spaulding, G. H.\\nClark, W. F. Cowles, E. H. Waring, W. C. Shippen, Thomas E. Corkhill,\\nE. H. Wimans, J. T. Simmons, J. W. McDonald. The church edifice is of\\nstone and brick, valued at ^10,000. The parsonage property is valued at\\n$3,000. The present membership is about two hundred and fifty.\\nThe Main Street M. E. Church was organized in 1869, by Rev. E. L.\\nBriggs, in Turner s Hall, with seventy members. The first official boards\\nwere composed of J. A. Hammond, W. H. Hammond, W. D. Noble, J. H.\\nGoldsbury, D. H. Michael, Lewis Milford, J. S. Wood, M. McFarlin, W. 0.\\nIrons, S. V. Sampson, Thomas Sampson, William G. Sampson, L. C. Clark,\\nW. C. Holden, W. J. Ennis, George W. Bowen, J. G. Baker, J. J. Ury and\\nSamuel Moore. Services were held in Turner s Hall for one year, and then\\nfor three years in a hall on the corner of Jefferson and Main streets. The\\ncorner-stone of the present church edifice was laid July 5, 1873. The lecture-\\nroom was occupied in November, and the structure was completed during the\\nadministration of Rev. Thomas Stephenson. The church cost between $11,000\\nand $12,000, and the lot cost $2,200 additional. There is a good and prosper-\\nous Sunday school in operation, with an attendance of about seventy-five. The\\nPastors in charge have been: 1869, E. L. Briggs; 1871, J. C. Brown; 1872,\\nS. S. Murphy; 1873, E. L. Schreiner 1874, Thomas Stephenson; 1875,\\nI. N. Busby 1876, I. P. Teter. The original members were Samuel Moore,\\nJ. A. Hammond, Annie E. Hammond, J. G. Baker, Mary Hammond, Annie\\nE. Baker, L. C. Clark, Laura G. Clark, George W. Bowen, Angle S. Bowen,\\nW. H. Hammond, Eliza Hammond, W. J. Ennis. Mary J. Ennis, Thomas\\nSampson, Sarah Sampson, J. W. Holden, M. E. Holden, C. H. Henniman,\\nSarah Holly, L. M. Shreve, Mrs. Moffitt, William Baker, Amanda Baker, S.\\nV. Sampson, S. L. Sampson, W. G. Sampson, H. H. Sampson, W. D. Noble, N.\\nB. Noble, James Hodge, William Kidd, Mary Baker, M. B. Ogden, Helen\\nDaggett, Nancy Beach, J. J. Ury, Lydia Ury, Mrs. Kidd, W. Macklin, W. 0.\\nIrons, M. A. Irons, J. H. Goldsbury, M. M. Goldsbury, M. McFarlin, Lydia\\nA. Brandenburg, Emily Clifton, J. B. Baker, M. J. Parker, Martha E. Allen,\\nFrank Ward, L. E. Ward, A. Burns, E. A. Burns, Emma Purnell, W. C.\\nHolden, Lou S. Holden, C. E. Purnell, J. G. Mast, Fannie Mast, John Fernly,\\nHannah Fernly, Ella Hardy, Jennie Toon, Joseph Lockwood, Elizabeth Lock-\\nwood, Sadie Myers, Stephen Green, Mrs. Green, Rebecca Rudd. The present\\nmembership is 235. The present official board is G. W. Bowen, Christian\\nHaw, C. T. Rutter, W. H. Boston, D. H. Michaels, Thomas Thornburg, T.\\nWyckoff, A. C. Olney, B. F. Jeffries, C. Withro, Paul Caster, John Smith.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "-502 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nUnitarian Society. There is an Unitarian Society in Ottumwa, but no reg-\\nular meetings are held or permanent Pastor employed. As in almost all West-\\nern towns, the number of liberal Christians is limited in Ottumwa, but the\\npresent Society will undoubtedly develop into a sufficiently strong organization\\nto maintain independent services.\\nThe Roman Catholic Ohurch. One of the most powerful religious organ-\\nizations of this county is the Roman Catholic Church, under the immediate\\nsupervision of Rev. Father John Kreckel. The services of this reverend gen-\\ntleman have been marked by abundant success. The origin of the Church in\\nWapello County dates back to 1849, when missionary work was begun by\\nRev. Father Villars, of Keokuk. He laid the first corner-stone, literally\\nand figuratively, of the Ottumwa church, in that year. Rev. Alexander\\nHattenberger came to Ottumwa in 1851, and officiated for a time. The\\nfirst church stood where the priest s residence now stands. In the winter\\nof 1853, Father Kreckel came to minister to the Catholics of this region.\\nThis gentleman was born in the province of Nassau, Prussia, June 5, 1826.\\nHe removed to Baltimore at the age of sixteen years. His education was obtained\\nin Europe, Baltimore and Cincinnati. When he first entered upon his work\\nhere, his parish included Wapello, Jefferson, Van Buren, Keokuk, Mahaska,\\nPolk, Jasper, Marion, Monroe, Davis, Appanoose, Wayne and Decatur Counties.\\nMany and many a night has been spent by him beneath the open sky, while he\\nbreasted inclement weather, on his lonely rides through his wide district. Days\\nat a time he has lived in the saddle, and years were devoted to the introduction\\nof his work through his large territory. He has earned the success which he\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0has achieved. In 1854, Father Platte took charge of Polk and Jasper Counties;\\nin 1856, Father Mitchell took Monroe, Marion and Decatur; in 1857, Father\\nSlattery took Jefferson in 1859, Father Shanahan took Mahaska in 1871,\\nFather Moran took Van Buren, Davis, Appanoose and Wayne. The present\\nstone church edifice was built in Ottumw^a in 1860-61. Father Kreckel has\\nbeen instrumental in building churches in Churchville, Eddyville and one in\\neach of these counties: Monroe, Marion, Van Buren and Keokuk. In 1862,\\nhe induced the Sisters of Visitation, then at Keokuk, to establish an Academy\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of Visitation at Ottumwa. The present fine edifice and institution grew out of\\nthat. The cost has been over $36,000. The Academy is a boarding school,\\nafter the method of the Order, and has accommodations for about one hundred\\npupils. Girls only are admitted, and these from the ages of 6 to 24. There\\nare some twenty-six Sisters engaged in the work, including all divisions. Choir,\\nLay and Out Sisters. The teachers are twelve in number. In addition to the\\nAcademy, the Sisters conduct a parochial school for girls, which has an attend-\\nance of about thirty. In August, 1877, Father Kreckel induced the Sisters of\\nHumility of Mary, then at St. Joseph, Mo., to locate at Ottumwa. The object\\nof this Order is to establish orphan asylums, hospitals, schools, and to minister\\nto the sick. A parochial school, called St. Joseph s, for boys, was opened in\\nOttumwa, with an attendance of about one hundred. The outgrowth of the\\neducational institutions of this Church is a school at Fairfield and one at Mar-\\nshalltown. The Sisters of Humility are maintained by voluntary contributions.\\nThe Acadamy is practically self-sustaining. The work proposed by Father\\nKreckel is not yet completed. He contemplates the establishment of a hospital\\nand the introduction of an academy for boys. The reverend Father is indorsed\\nby his Church, and the society is very prosperous.\\n*S Marys Episcopal Church. The meeting at which St. Mary s Parish\\nwas organized was held at the office of John Jacob Wendall, Esq., on the 2d", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. .503\\nof May, 1857. Rev. Daniel Falloon Hutchinson, of Mt. Pleasant, presided\\nand there were present Dr. L. D. Morse, James Hawley, James Sinnamon,\\nCalvin J. Gilson, E. Washburn, John J. Wendall and W. F. Elmendorf.\\nDr. L. D. Morse was appointed Senior Warden, and W. F. Elmendorf, Junior\\nWarden. James Hawley, E. Washburn, C. J. Gilson, John J. Wendall and\\nJames Sinnamon were the first Vestrymen. Dr. Morse was appointed Treas-\\nurer, and W. F. Elmendorf was elected Clerk of the Vestry. A committee to\\nprovide a suitable lot for church purposes was appointed, consisting of L. D.\\nMorse, James Hawley, E. Washburn and J. J. Wendall.\\nSt. Mary s Parish was admitted into union with the Diocesan Convention\\non the 27th of May. Rev. Daniel Falloon Hutchinson was elected the first\\nRector on the 6th of June, 1857. In July of the same year, two lots were\\npurchased for a church site on the corner of Jefl erson and Second streets.\\nThese were afterward sold in 1864, and another lot purchased, upon which the\\nchurch now stands. The congregation first worshiped in the hall of the old\\nCurlew House. In the spring of 1858, the Court House was used for occasional\\nservices, and so continued until May, 1863, when the Hall over Dr. Warden s\\nstore was rented for two years.\\nIt very soon became evident to the people of the parish that their Rector,\\nMr. Hutchinson, so conducted the aftairs of the Church as to be an injury,\\nrather than a benefit. The matter was submitted to the Rt. Rev. Henry W.\\nLee, Bishop of the Diocese of Iowa, in September, and, upon investigation, it\\nwas discovered that Mr. Hutchinson had effected his entrance into the Church\\nupon forged papers, and that he was in every way unworthy the confidence that\\nhad been reposed in him he was therefore deposed from the ministry by the\\nBishop.\\nOn the 12th of July, 1857, Bishop Lee made his primary visitation to the\\nParish, when five persons were confirmed, namely William Daggett, Edward\\nH. Stiles, Sarah H. Sinnamon, Cordelia C. Beach and Frederick George. This\\nceremony took place in the hall of the Curlew House, which had been tem-\\nporarily fitted up.\\nThe first baptism was on the 3d of May, 1857, of the year-old child of Ben-\\njamin and Fanny Hoyland, who was christened Elizabeth Rebecca Hoyland.\\nThere was an interim in which the services of the Church were mainly of a\\nmissionary character. The next Rector was Rev. B. F. Gifford, who came in\\nDecember, 1860, and to whose faithful and self-denying services the perma-\\nnence of the Parish was mainly due.\\nThe Rev. W. F. Lloyd was Rector from July 22, 1864, until February 4,\\n1866. In February, 1865, preliminary movements were made toward building\\na church. N. H. White, an architect of Syracuse, N. Y., was engaged to\\nmake the plans, and Mr. Dunham supervised the work. The corner-stone of\\nthe church was laid August 17, 1865.\\nRev. J. E. Ryan was Rector from April 26, 1866, to August 15, 1871.\\nThe debt of the Church was lifted March 7, 1869. Rev. W. C. Mills was\\nRector from February 1, 1872, to August 1, 1875. During the rectorship of\\nthese latter gentlemen, the church building was completed and furnished.\\nThe present Rector, Rev. Arthur C Stilson, entered upon his duties on\\nthe 16th of April, 1876. The primary visitation of the second Bishop of Iowa\\nwas made September 22, 1876.\\nWhen the Parish was organized, there were 12 communicants since that\\ntime there have been added 174, making a total of 186. The present number,\\nowing to the varied changes caused by removals and deaths, as reported to the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "504 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nlast convention, is 67. There have been 232 baptisms, and 99 persons con-\\nfirmed in this Pariah. There have been 35 marriages and 81 burials.\\nThe Ladies Guild, for church work in the parish, was organized November,\\n2, 1876.\\nFirst Baptist Church. This Church was organized March 14, 1855. A\\nCouncil of Recognition, composed of delegates from the following Churches,\\nviz., Salem, Center, Richland and Steady Run, met on the same day, of which\\nRev. J. L. Cole was Moderator, and S. S. Cook, Clerk. Rev. J. L. Cole\\npreached the sermon, and appears to have been the only minister present.\\nSeventeen persons entered into the organization, viz., John Ballard, Elizabeth\\nWellman, Avia Wellman, Samuel Harper, Mary Harper, Ann Michael, Eliza\\nAlcott, Daniel Barrett, Lydia Guthrie, Virginia Barrett, Eliza Harper, Melissa\\nFisher, Margaret Higdon, Frances Lewellyn, Charity Aldridge, Minerva Fisher\\nand Barbary Ann Monk. The same day, one was baptized, Mrs. McCune.\\nThree of these are still members of the Church, viz., Mary Harper, Eliza\\nAlcott and Lydia Guthrie. Daniel Barrett was chosen the first Clerk. Rev.\\nJ. L. Cole served the Church as Pastor for a time.\\nThough the Church was organized at this date, yet it seems to have had\\nbut few meetings and to have made but little progress until the year 1858.\\nMeantime, Rev. Joseph T. Roberts, LL. D., had settled with his family in\\nOttumwa, and in November of that year, Rev. S. H. Worcester, of Granville,\\nOhio, accepted the call of the Church and became its Pastor. From this time,\\nregular meetings were held, part of the time in the old Presbyterian Church,\\nand part of the time in the Court House. The social meetings were often held\\nin private houses.\\nThe house of worship, corner of Fifth and Court streets, in which the\\nChurch now meets, was erected in 1862. In 1866, it was enlarged.\\nThe pastorate of Rev. S. H. Worcester continued until July, 1865, nearly\\nseven years. In May, 1866, Rev. S. L. Burnham began labor as Pastor, con-\\ntinuing until February, 1868. During this time, the Pastor was assisted in a\\nrevival meeting by Rev. Morgan Edwards, and many additions were made to\\nthe Church.\\nIn June, 1868, Rev. R. A. Clapp became Pastor, and continued until\\nMarch, 1871. Rev. C. Darby followed for a short time, and in December,\\n1872, Rev. William L. Brown became Pastor, serving two years and one month.\\nDuring this pastorate. Rev. H. W. Brown, Evangelist, aided the Pastor in a\\nrevival effort, and a number were added to the Church. The present Pastor,\\nRev. J. Sunderland, began his labors May 1, 1875.\\nThe Church has had seven Pastors. Though it meets still in its first\\nhouse of worship, it has purchased very eligible lots on Third street, at a\\ncost of $1,650, upon which it hopes soon to erect a commodious house of\\nworship.\\nDuring all the time since it entered its own house of worship, a good Sun-\\nday school has been maintained. The ofiicers and teachers of the school are\\nSuperintendent. S. L. Burnham Secretary, C. Inskeep Librarians, Arthur\\nand Ada Bayston Teachers, J. Sunderland, A. W. Gaston, M. J. Burns, W.\\nT. Harper, E. A. Chambers, John Peach, W. H. Smith. Allan Johnston, Mrs.\\nJ. A. Burnham, Mrs. Lotspeich, Miss Irene Roberts, Miss frene Portal, and\\nMrs. Nolan.\\nThe Church has a Mission Circle, with the following ofiicers President,\\nMrs. E. A. Chambers Vice President, Mrs. M. E. Sunderland Secretary,,\\nMrs. TJ. R. W^alton Treasurer, Miss Irene Portal.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 505\\nA flourishing Mission Board, made up of the children of the Sunday school, was\\norganized and led by Mrs. H. B. C. Gunn until her recent removal from the city.\\nThe following are the present officers of the Church Pastor, Rev. J. Sun-\\nderland; Deacons, P. F. Dana, S. H. Swiggett, E. H. Chambers; Clerk, S.\\nL. Burnham Treasurer, M. J. Burns Trustees, S. H. Swiggett, S. L. Burn-\\nham, E. H. Chambers, W. H. Cooper, T. K. Shepherd. The present mem-\\nbership is 143.\\nThe Church of Christ. In March, 1845, on the third Lord s Day of that\\nmonth, eight persons, to wit, Hugh Brown, Nathaniel Bell, M. J. Bell, his\\ndaughter, Eliza Halloway, J. Anderson and Iwife, H. H. Hendrick and Mr.\\nPotts met and organized in a log schoolhouse, three miles north of Ottumwa,\\nthen known as Center Schoolhouse, which was 16x20 feet in size and built in\\nthe usual primitive fashion. The day was spent in prayer and praise. The\\ncreed adopted was the Bible in its fullest sense. The Church was known as\\nthe Union Church of the Disciples of Christ. The society met regularly, with-\\nout preaching, until Mr. H. H. Hendrick was ordained Evangelist, in the fall\\nof 1847. The ordination services were conducted by Aaron Chatterton, editor\\nof the Christian Evangelist^ printed at Fort Madison, Iowa. Other evangelists\\nvisited the society during the next decade, among them being Elder Aaron\\nHarlin, Michael Coombs, Jacob Coombs, George Flint, Solomon McKinney\\n(who was whipped by a party of Proslavery men in Texas for preaching, by\\nrequest, upon the relation of master and servant. Three hundred lashes were\\nadministered on his bare back, but the terrible persecution did not prove fatal).\\nIn 1852, there were thirty-six members of the society, with Aaron Harlin,\\nEvangelist. In 1853, there were fifty-four members. In 1858, the society\\nbought the old Court House and Lot 147, Block 14, in Ottumwa, for $600.\\nThe deed was issued to Hugh Brown, John Pumroy and Erastus Day, as\\nTrustees of the Christian Church of Ottumwa. On the third Lord s Day in\\nSeptember, 1856, Hugh Brown and Erastus Day were ordained Elders by\\nElders Solomon McKinney and Wright. John Pumroy died, and Thomas\\nReveel was chosen to fill his place as Trustee. The property first bought was\\nsold, and the east side of Lot 8, in Summer s Subdivision, Outlot 20, was\\nbought for $700, in 1872. The present chapel was built in 1873, at a cost\\nof $3,500. The building was dedicated in September, 1873, and the society\\nis now free from debt.\\nThe Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church has two societies in this county,\\none in Polk Township, which was organized about twenty years ago, and now\\nhas some three hundred attendants, under the pastorate of Rev. M. F. Hokan-\\nson, who is the only regular Pastor ever in charge and a society in Ottumwa,\\nunder the pastoral charge of Rev. M. C Ranseen. This Church was organized\\nin 1871. Mr. Ranseen came here in 1875. The present membership is about\\none hundred and twenty, and the attendance about three hundred. The society\\nis in a highly satisfactory condition, both spiritually and financially, and is\\nconstantly growing in power.\\nThe African M. E. Church was organized in 1867, by Rev. John Malone.\\nIts present membership is forty-nine. The church edifice was built in 1869,\\nand the property is valued at about $1,700. The Pastors have been Revs. H.\\nH. Wilson, W. H. Brown, Smith Nichols, James Lewis, George Benson, R.\\nS. Denning, Charles Holmes, Samuel Hudson and Thomas Johnson, the present\\nincumbent. The original Church was composed of eighteen members, among\\nwhom were Isaac and Henrietta Hans, W. S. Wilson, Lizzie Wilson and Anna\\nCursfield. The Church is prosperous.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "506 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe Colored Baptists maintain a society in Ottumwa. Rev, A. M. Colstou\\nwas their last Pastor.\\nTHE RAILROAD INTERESTS,\\nWere we to undertake to write a full history of the railroads which now-\\ntraverse the county, the task would involve a more extended article than can\\nb e here given for Ottumwa is not the terminus of any one road, except as it\\ntemporarily pauses in its progress while gaining strength to push forward. The\\nge ographical position of the county is such that the roads reaching here must\\nof necessity seek other point s for final ending. The city is upon the line of\\nprofitable through traflBc, but is not the place where trade or travel seeks com-\\npetition to aid it in its progress onward. The two great rivers which bound the\\nState on the east and west respectively create natural breathing-places in rail-\\nroad communication, or at least did so at one time, before the present monster\\nrailroad combinations were dreamed of. The history of the real struggle of\\nthe roads which touch Ottumwa and Eldon includes a history of the railroad\\ninterests of the State, It is, therefore, possible for us only to sketch the\\nincidents of the arrival of the roads here, and to explain the present and pros-\\npective advantages which the county derives or will in future derive, from them.\\nThe great union of lines which extends from the Western metropolis of\\nChicago to the Pacific Coast, like all other mammoth undertakings, began in an\\nhumble way. We witness to-day the achievement of giant minds, but forget\\nin the present the germ of the past. Had it not been for the energy of a few\\nindividuals, Ottumwa would have been left off the line of the Burlington\\nMissouri Railroad, and the great benefits now accruing from its existence here\\nwould have been diverted into other channels.\\nThe purely local efforts to aid the several railroad movements are briefly\\noutlined in this sketch. When the Des Moines Improvement bubble burst and\\nthe people of Southern and Central Iowa realized the absurd character of the\\nschemes proposed, attention was speedily turned to other methods of obtaining\\nmeans of exit to the centers of national trade. A plankroad was the first plan\\noffered, and for a time the enterprise bid fair to win. It was designed to lay a\\nplankroad from Burlington to the Bjg Muddy, via Ottumwa, and thereby\\ndivert business from the interior of the State, through the town of Ottumwa.\\nThe introduction of railroad projects at that time entirely dissipated the plank-\\nroad fever, and prepared the way for the only really beneficial means of transit\\never suggested.\\nThe railroad excitement began in 1851, and continued to grow, without\\nintermission, until the county of Wapello stood pledged to an issue of $100,000\\nin bonds, and the private citizens were committed to subscriptions valued at\\nover $40,000 to stock of the Burlington k Missouri River Railroad Company.\\nIn 1854, a road was projected from Missouri northward, called the North\\nMissouri Iowa Extension Railroad, but the county did not commit itself to\\naiding the scheme.\\nThe Keokuk, Ft. Des Moines Minnesota Railroad was conceived in 1854,\\nto solve the problem of opening up the valley of the Des Moines, This road\\nwas not aided by Wapello County.\\nThe B, M, R, Railroad was permanently located to Ottumwa in 1854,\\nand was the recipient of a portion of the bonds authorized by this county, as\\nwell as of private subscriptions.\\nFrom the very first, the citizens of Ottumwa have manifested the greatest\\ninterest in railroad improvements. The public spirit which has been self-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 50T\\nevident in every other measure has not been lacking in this essential feature\\nof local improvement. The liberality of her citizens, combined with the nat-\\nural advantages of the locality, have secured to the county the most powerful\\nrailroad lines, and opened up communication with every portion of the country.\\nThe B. M. R. Railroad, now leased by the great Chicago, Burlington Quincy\\ncorporation, places the city of Ottumwa but a few hours distant from Chicago.\\nFrom there the gigantic arteries of commerce throb with competitive life\\nthroughout every nook and cranny of the universe. The Western world is\\nalso opened to Ottumwa by this line, which is on the direct road to the Pacific\\nCoast.\\nThe old Keokuk, Ft. Des Moines Minnesota road, into whose veins was\\ninfused the life-blood of the original land grant belonging to the Improvement\\nCompany, and which has passed through the usual number of graduations inci-\\ndent to Western roads, is now an established institution, extending from Keo-\\nkuk to Des Moines, under the management of the Chicago, Rock Island\\nPacific corporation. By this channel, not only is the north and south trade\\nopened to Ottumwa, but another direct competition east and west is aiforded.\\nThe fertile valley of the river is now, after all these years, made the scene of\\nsuccessful improvement in the matter of transit.\\nBy arrangements with the management of the Central Railroad of Iowa,\\nand the C, R. I. P., trafiic is diverted from the regular, but unfinished line\\nof the Central, below Oskaloosa, and brought from the North to this county.\\nSt. Paul and the vast granary of the North is made tributary to the South\\nvia Ottumwa.\\nThe St. L., K. C. N. Railroad at present pauses at Ottumwa, but an\\nextension of a line to Cedar Rapids and thence north is but a matter of time.\\nThus the county has St. Louis linked to St. Paul and the Northern Pacific,\\nwhile the Atlantic and the Pacific Coasts are terminal points of competing\\nroads through Wapello.\\nThe city of Ottumwa is, therefore, a railroad center. It has secured the\\nfirst attention of railroad kings, and cannot retrograde so long as the old spirit\\nof energy, which has always existed here, continues to be manifested. The cit-\\nizens of the place have the future of their city under their own control.\\nWe give these facts for the purpose of truthfully representing the advan-\\ntages of Ottumwa as a manufacturing point. Rail communication is absolutely\\nindispensabl-e in such cases, and here is seen, in a highly satisfactory condition,\\nthe best of roads ofi ering means of bringing crude products to and shipping\\nmanufactured goods from the thriving city.\\nTHE OTTUMWA WATER-POWER COMPANY.\\nFor many years the subject of the improvement of the Des Moines River\\nengrossed the attention of the early settlers of Wapello and other counties,\\nespecially those in the region of the lower valley. The pioneers looked to the\\nutilization of the power inherent in the stream for the ultimate success of this\\ncountry. When the great bubble, known as the Des Moines River Improve-\\nment Company scheme, burst, the people lost confidence in the practicability of\\nsuch a project. The introduction of railroads forever dissipated the idea of\\ndeveloping systems of transit by means of the river, and the original enormous\\nexpenditures for the creation of water-powers made capitalists feel doubtful about\\nthe possibility of attaining success in that direction.\\nThe failures encountered by the first workers did not, however, alter the\\nfixed facts of nature or diminish one pound of the real power contained in the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "508 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nriver itself. The plans of those who originated the improvements of earlier\\ndays were in fault, not the abstract principles upon which the theories were\\nbased.\\nFrom time to time the subject of making local eftbrt to develop Ottumwa,\\nby calling into use the great body of water which ran to waste at her feet, was\\ndiscussed by the press and a few of the people of the place. No definite action\\nwas taken for many years, because of the prejudice and skeptism which prevailed\\nalmost universally. Still, as by constant dropping the rock is worn away, so,\\nby repeated mention of the matter, the public mind became fitted to entertain\\npropositions of a nature to startle older settlers who had gone through the\\nexcitement of the Improvement Company s days.\\nThe gradations by which the full realization of the undertaking was reached\\nneed not, and cannot, be related here. It is sufficient to know that the popular\\nmind was educated to the truth, and ready to accept the overtures of men con-\\nversant with such enterprises. Practical engineers were invited to view the\\nriver and pass judgment on the feasibility of erecting a system of works. A\\nthorough canvass of the matter was made, and the leading men of Ottumwa\\nenlisted in the accomplishment of the scheme.\\nThe first definite action taken was in February, 1875, when, pursuant to a\\npre-arranged plan, a mass-meeting of the citizens of Ottumwa was held at the\\nCity Hall. J. W. Dixon presided, and N. M. Ives acted as Secretary. It\\nappears that Messrs. II. B. Hendershott, W. McNett and William Daggett had\\nbeen invited to draft Articles of Incorporation. The committee presented their\\nreport, which is, in substance, as follows\\nThe Company was named the Ottumwa Water- Power Company, and its\\nfirst purpose was the improvement of the undeveloped force of the river, by the\\nerection of a dam or dams within the limits of Center Township, and the con-\\nstruction of a race along the river-front of Ottumwa. The necessary rights,\\nprivileges and authority was provided for, so that the Company might, if it\\nchose, carry on the business of increasing the head of water in the river by\\nartificial means, and then subletting the power thus acquired to any parties who\\nwere in need of motive force. The incorporation invested the Company with\\nthe power of perpetual succession by renewal, according to statute to sue and\\nbe sued by its name to have a common seal and alter the same at pleasure,\\nand to establish by-laws to suit its own convenience. Besides these rights, were\\nall others usually pertaining to a corporate body. The capital stock was stated\\nat ^100,000 shares at $100 each. The limit of stock was fixed at $500,000.\\nThe subscribers became liable to assessment after the sum of $75,000 had been\\nsubscribed. The life of the corporation began March 1, 1875, and was for\\ntwenty years. The ofiicial management was vested in a Board of five Directors,\\nchosen by the stockholders a President, Vice President, chosen by the Board,\\nand a Secretary and Treasurer, chosen by the Board, from the Board, or other-\\nwise as was dt sired. The tenure of ofiice rested in the Board. The indebted-\\nness and liabilities of the Company was fixed at $66,000, or not to exceed that\\namount. The liabilities of stockholders were restricted to the unpaid portion of\\nthe stock subscribed for by them. The Articles of Incorporation included such\\nother formal matters as were necessary for the carrying on of the project.\\nThese articles were signed by Charles F. Blake, William McNett, David\\nEaton, H. D. Palmer, Greorge A. Brown, H. B. Hendershott, William L. Orr,\\nWilliam Lindsey, A. Lotspeich, J. W. Carpenter, William Daggett, J. W. Dixon,\\nJ. M. Hedrick, R. II. Warden, L. LiUburn, B. B. Durfee, R. N. Harlan, E.\\nI. Laubach, J. 0. Briscoe, S. A. Swiggett, W. B. Bonnifield, B. J. Boulton,", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 509\\nW. M. Morse, J. M. Kiser, A. H. Hamilton, C. Inskeep, W. H. Resor. Most\\nof these gentlemen afterward became stockholders. Their signatures did not\\nimply investment to start with. A committee of canvassers to solicit subscriptions\\nto stock was appointed, consisting of Messrs. J. 0. Briscoe, A. H. Hamilton,\\n0. M. Ladd, W. T. Majors, George A. Brown, R. N. Harlan, L. E. Gray, S. A.\\nSwiggett.\\nOn the 4th of March, a meeting was held at which subscription-books were\\ndeclared open to the public. William McNett, R. H. Warden and J. 0. Briscoe\\nwere appointed a committee to call a meeting of stockholders to elect officers of\\nthe Company. Major Orr, Dr. Steward and Capt. Hutchison were appointed\\nto act as Corresponding Committee, to apply to non-residents for co-operation\\nand S. A. Swiggett, L. E. Gray, George A. Brown, A. H. Hamilton, R. N.\\nHarlan, William Major, D. W. Steward, 0. M. Ladd and J. 0. Briscoe were\\nappointed to solicit subscriptions.\\nMarch 30, the first election of officers was held, resulting in the choice of\\nMessrs. C. F. Blake, A. H. Hamilton, Daniel Eaton, W. B. Bonnifield and\\nWilliam Daggett as Directors. The Board met at the office of the Courier the\\nfollowing evening, and elected W. B. Bonnifield, President A. H. Hamilton,\\nVice President John 0. Biscoe, Secretary, and Charles F. Blake, Treasurer.\\nThe Board subsequently agreed voluntarily to resign whenever the stock sub-\\nscriptions should reach $75,000, so that the majority of owners then might have\\na voice in government.\\nApril 6, the Board accepted the proposition of G. W. Devin relative to the\\ntransfer of real estate in the western part of the city corporation, which was\\nneeded for the works. The proposition was, in substance, that the Company\\nshould surrender to Mr. Devin $2,000 of paid-up stock in consideration for the\\nland, and receive a deed therefor, conditional upon the commencement of the\\nwork within a year and the completion thereof within three years.\\nMay 21, the first Board admitted that $75,000 had been subscribed, and\\nordered an assessment of 2 per cent. The Board also resigned, to take effect\\nwhen a new Board could be chosen.\\nJune 1, a new Board was elected, composed of William Daggett, Charles\\nF. Blake, Daniel Eaton, A. H. Hamilton and W. B. Bonnifield. Mr. Bonni-\\nfield was subsequently re-elected President Mr. Hamilton, Vice President\\nMr. Blake, Treasurer; Mr. Briscoe, Secretary. Steps were at once taken\\ntoward the contracting for the proposed works. It was unanimously agreed,\\nJune 12, to accept the proposition of D. B. Sears Son, of Rock Island, 111.,\\nfor the construction of the dam, guard-lock and head-race. John D. Arey, of\\nSterling, 111., was chosen engineer of the Company.\\nJune 15th, the formal papers were signed by the Company and D. B. Sears\\nSon and a 10-per-cent assessment on stock ordered. The contract called for\\nthe erection of two dams on Turkey Island in the Des Moines River, at the\\nupper extremity of the city limits, in a manner practically subject to the dicta-\\ntion of the engineer chosen by the Water-Power Company to superintend the\\nwork. The contract was an open one in many places, affording numerous\\nchances for dual interpretation. The sum stated as the price of the job was\\n$64,620, in monthly installments. Sears Son gave bonds in the sum of\\n$50,000. The work was to be completed before January 1, 1876. The con-\\ntract made all extra work, other than the actual construction of dams and lock,\\nthe subject of special compensation. It also guaranteed the work until Janu-\\nary 1, 1878, The contractors were expected to take fifty shares of stock.\\nThe last clause of the contract provided that the contractors should make such", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "510 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nalterations and impi ovements in the original plan as the Company s engineer\\nmight deem best.\\nUnder this contract, Sears Son began work in the summer of 1875, and,\\nin the fall of that year, a flood disturbed the further progress of affairs. The\\nengineer employed by the Company was a man well acquainted with the methods\\nof Sears work. Upon his representations the Company paid the contractors\\nfor the labor and materials expended.\\nThe first flood carried out the original guard-lock, which was then in process\\nof erection. This calamity eventuated in the construction of a better lock,\\nwherein the defects of the first were not repeated. Following this time, a so-\\ncalled cofier-dam was put down as a preliminary step toward building the west\\ndam from the island to the western shore. The labor proceeded during the fall\\nand winter of 1875, when the coffer-dam and abutments on the west side were\\nwell along. A season of high-water ensued, causing material injury to this\\nportion of the structure. When the water subsided in January, 1876, work was\\nnot resumed, nor did Mr. Arey have the engineering of the Company s inter-\\nests at any time thereafter. When, at last, in the winter of 1876-77, the con-\\ntractor prosecuted his job, Robert Douglass was employed as engineer of the\\nCompany.\\nThe contractor declared his work completed in January, 1877, and removed\\nfrom Ottumwa. After his departure, the Company determined to test the quality\\nof his dams, and so turned the water from the escape as to bring pressure on\\nthe works. The west dam proved a complete failure. It was entirely unsuited\\nto the purpose for wldch it was designed, and the Company at once telegraphed\\nto Mr. Sears requiring the fulfillment of his contract.\\nMr. Sears responded and announced his inability to correct the defects.\\nThe result of the complications was litigation, in which both parties are involved\\nat the present writing.. Because of that fact, it is deemed inexpedient to do\\nmore than allude to palpable facts.\\nThe enterprise, like all others of great magnitude, has passed through various\\nvicissitudes, but is now gaining a firmness born of pluck and determination to suc-\\nceed. In September, 1877, Mr. S. L. Wiley, of Greenfield, Mass., came to Ottum-\\nwa for the purpose of introducing the plan of water works in which he is interested,\\nand opened negotiations with the city which led to the signing of a contract by\\nhim and the city, whereby the completion of the power was a part of the obligation\\nassumed by him. The details of this contract are shown further on, under the\\nheading of City W^ater W orks. Since that time Mr. Wiley has expended\\na large sum in the rebuilding of the west dam and the erection of new works.\\nThe success of the project is now assured. Ottumwa will soon boast of a water-\\npower surpassed by few in the West. The force has been carefully measured by\\ncompetent men, and far exceeds the expectations of those who are engaged in\\nthe scheme. There is ample motive power for as many factories as can possi-\\nbly be erected in the distance traversed by the race. To this great natural\\nsource of wealth, Ottumwa points with pride and invites the capitalists of the\\ncountry to inspect the off er made. A liberal spirit pervades the community toward\\nforeign investors. They are wanted here, and every inducement is held out ta\\ngain their good-will. The Avork is practically done, but there will be, as a mat-\\nter of course, numerous improvements ordered from time to time. It is in the\\nhands of those who will never rest until the fullest measure of success is\\nachieved.\\nOne of the most important features of the Waiter-Power Company s plan is\\nthe easy access to railroads. All of the lines of road touching Ottumw^a have", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 511\\ntracks on the Company s lands, by which means manufacturers can ship in all\\ndirections with little trouble and expense. The advantages derived from this\\narrangement cannot be overestimated. It should be remembered that the Com-\\npany has attained success in its work, and that the plan is no longer an experi-\\nment. The power is great, and can be largely increased at little expense.\\nThis grand enterprise is the key to the future growth and prosperity of\\nOttumwa.\\nThe present officers of the Company are: W. B. Bonnifield, President; A.\\nH. Hamilton, Vice President; C. F. Blake, Treasurer; I. N. Mast, Secretary;\\nW. B. Bonnifield, Wm. Daggett, A. H. Hamilton, Daniel Eaton, C. F. Blake,\\nDirpcijOTS\\nTHE OTTUMWA WATER WORKS.\\nIn September, 1877, S. L. Wiley Co., of Greenfield, Mass., came\\nto Ottumwa for the purpose of introducing water works. Negotiations entered\\ninto by them with the city authorities resulted in the passage of an ordinance\\nbv the Common Council of Ottumwa, granting the following rights and powers\\nto the firm of S. L. Wiley Co.:\\nThe exclusive privilege for twenty-five years of furnishing the city and the\\ncitizens of Ottumwa with water, to be taken from the Des Moines River at such\\npoint and in such manner as to secure the best water, and so disposed as to be\\nfor the best general interests of the city. The Company was authorized to pipe\\nthe city for the purpose of supplying. The quantity, after January 1, 1879,\\nis to be not less than 3,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The Company\\nwas required to put in, where the city designated, seventy-five double-discharge\\nhydrants, and to so distribute their pipes as to afibrd the best possible protection\\nagainst fire. The exact terms of the contract need not be reproduced here,\\nsince the ordinance is on file in the city offices, and may be inspected there.\\nSuffice it to say that the object of both contracting parties was to furnish ample\\nwater supply, in even the remote parts of the city, as the growth of the town\\nrequired, for domestic, public and fire protection uses. Messrs. Wiley Co.\\nwere to place the necessary pumping apparatus in a suitable structure and were\\nto construct the entire works for a consideration of |100,000. The city agreed\\nto pay a reasonable rental for the advantages afforded by the proposed works.\\nA provision was introduced into the charter thus granted, which was of the\\ngreatest importance to the city. Messrs. Wiley Co. were bound to enter into\\ncontract with the Ottumwa Water-Power Company, to complete and render\\navailable the improvement begun by the Water-Power Company theretofore,\\nand to cause to be constructed such works as were required to utilize the vast\\nwater-force contained in the Des Moines River at this point.\\nAs soon as the charter became operative, by virtue of the lawful execution\\nof all the required contracts, Messrs. Wiley Co. assigned their rights and\\nfranchises und er the papers to the Ottumwa Water Works, an incorporation con\\nceived for the purpose of carrying out the plan devised by the original parties.\\nThe new Company formally assumed all the responsibilities and privileges of a\\nbody incorporate, and placed its capital stock at $100,000. The Board of\\nDirectors consisted of George E. Beatty, George W. Heard and S. L. Wiley.\\nThe stock of the Company was divided among those three gentlemen, Mr.\\nWiley taking 500 shares. Mr. Solon L. Wiley was elected President and Mr.\\nI. N. Mast, Secretary and Treasurer.\\nThe Company proceeded to carry out the terms of the contract, and have\\nso far progressed, at the present time, as to have practically supplied the city\\nwith water. As the improvements are pushed nearer to completion, the advan-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "512 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\ntages will be more marked. The pump-house is supplied with two pumps, both\\nof the Flanders patent. The smaller pump has a capacity of 800,000 gallons\\nin twenty-four hours. This is driven by a water-wheel, which derives its force\\nfrom the Water-Power Works, and is of 50-horse power. The larger pump is\\nconnected at present with a Corlis Engine, but will soon be run by a large\\nwater-wheel, which is being set in position. The wheel is of 150-horse power,\\nand the pump has a capacity of 2,400,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The\\nboiler used to generate steam for the engine was made in Ottumwa, at the works\\nof Peter Hirschauer. The Works are an invaluable improvement to the city,\\nnot only as a matter of public and private convenience, but as a material aid in\\nlessening insurance rates, by protecting all parts of the city against heavy loss\\nby fire. When the new wheel is attached to the pump, the force will be ample\\nto throw six streams seventy-five feet high, on the most elevated parts of\\ntown, and on the lower level, ten streams. Combining this magnificent sup-\\nply of water with a well-trained Fire Department, Ottumwa can boast of a\\nsure and speedy relief in case of calamity by fire.\\nNo change has taken place in the officers of the Company since its organiza-\\ntion. Mr. A. W. Conant is the Superintendent of the Works.\\nTHE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.\\nIt is not the design of this work to serve as a gazetteer, but to present a\\npicture of the material prosperity of Ottumwa at the present time. This can be\\ndone best, perhaps, by showing, briefly, the extent of its manufacturing inter-\\nests, since in that branch of industry alone her future fortune depends. The\\ncity must gather and retain the crude products of the country long enough to\\ntransform them into refined staples, thereby realizing a second benefit from\\nthem. Let us see what she is doing in that direction.\\nThe large packing-house of John Morrell Co. will be in operation before\\nthis work is issued. A brick structure, 160x96, flanked by a wing 48x96, is\\nalready completed, in which the business of slaughtering hogs and curing the\\nmeat for market will be conducted. Some four years ago, Mr. T. D. Foster,\\nthe representative of the firm (an English house) in America, made a general\\ntour of the West, in search of a place to locate their packing-house in. No\\nsatisfactory arrangements were then made, and the business was conducted in\\nChicago. Last winter, Mr. Foster leased the house of Mr. Ladd, and began a\\npreliminary experiment, to test the advantages of the city of Ottumwa as a\\npacking point. This experiment resulted in his deciding to construct perma-\\nnent works and enter largely upon the trade. It is designed to prepare large\\nquantities of meat for the English markets, a business which can be done very\\nsatisfactorily with the supply of hogs from Southern Iowa and Northern Mis-\\nsouri. Packing nowadays is not like the business of ten years ago. It is abso-\\nlutely essential that all forms of labor-saving machinery should be employed,\\nand that the slaughter-house be kept at an equable temperature, by artificial\\nmeans, all the year round. To do this, immense stocks of ice are required.\\nThe ice-houses of this concern are made to contain 10,000 tons, or about two\\nyears supply, to avoid calamity through failure of an ice crop. The hog-yards,\\nin which the stock is placed prior to killing, are 300x144 feet. The capacity\\nof the house is 1,000 per day, but it is not expected to go much over 600 at\\nfirst. Hams and bacon will be cured as soon as the necessary buildings can be\\nerected. It is also intended to put up a cooper-shop and a box-factory, to sup-\\nply their own packages. From one hundred to one hundred and fifty men will\\nfind employment in the works. Side tracks from the C, B. Q. and the K.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 513\\nD. M. Branch of the C, R. I. P. Railroad run to the house and yards,\\ngiving the best opportunities for shipping both ways. This business will ben-\\nefit the toAvn and country. The local breeders will be able to dispose of their\\nstock to better advantage, and the town will have an added number of families\\nto supply.\\nThe Ottumwa Linseed Oil Mills were started in the Spring of 1875 by\\nWilliam Daggett, of the old firm of Daggett Edgerly, wholesale and retail\\nhardware (now dissolved), and W. T. Harper, of the old firm of Taylor, Blake\\nCo., wholesale and retail druggists (now J. L. Taylor and Co.), under the firm\\nname of Daggett Harper. They purchased about four acres of land on Cass\\nstreet, south of and adjoining the C., B. Q. R. R. track, and erected thereon\\na three-and-a half-story brick mill, 40x100 feet in size, with wooden one-story\\nseed-warehouse, 24x80 feet, adjoining the mill. The machinery was made and\\nput into position by William P. Callahan, of Dayton, Ohio, with a capacity of\\nworking 100,000 bushels of seed per annum.\\nWhile the building was being erected, July, 1875, the Ottumwa Water-Power\\nCompany commenced building their extensive water-power, anticipating its com-\\npletion within a year.\\nDaggett Harper made temporary arrangements with L. C. Cook, owner\\nof the steam flouring-mill, and situated about two hundred feet from their oil-\\nmill, for their power by means of wire transmission. About the 1st of August,\\nthe oil-mill was fully completed, including a side-track 500 feet long, from the\\nmain line of the C, B. Q. R. R. The first year (1875), the mill produced\\n82,000 gallons of linseed oil, and 800 tons of oil-cake the second year (1876),\\n105,000 gallons of oil and 1,000 tons of oil-cake the third year (1877), 126,-\\n000 gallons of oil and 1,200 tons of oil-cake.\\nThe mill is now running on the crop of 1878, and working about three\\nhundred and sixty bushels of flaxseed daily. The heavy rains of 1875-76\\ndelayed the completion of the water-power until January, 1878. Their right-\\nof-way for their head-r ice being near by, Daggett Harper were the first to\\nconstruct flumes, pen-stock and other conveniences to utilize the water-power,\\nand by the first week in January, 1878, their entire machinery was driven by\\nit. Their water-wheel may properly be called the pioneer water wheel, as it\\nwas the first wheel to turn upon the opening of the Water-Power s guard lock-\\ngates, and has ever since afforded a highly satisfactory power.\\nIn the year 1877, Daggett Harper replaced their wooden warehouse with\\na three-story brick building, 40x60 feet. Their seed-storing capacity is now\\n75,000 bushels, and their oil-tankage and storage capacity, 35,000 gallons.\\nThe flaxseed for the mill has been obtained on the lines of the C, B. Q. R. R.\\nand the Central Railroad of Iowa. The farmers in Wapello County are now largely\\nsupplying the mill, greatly to their advantage. The crop was hardly known to\\nthem until this industry was established. The oil produced has a high reputa-\\ntion in the Northwest, especially their boiled oil, which is a specialty with this\\nmill. The oil-cake is nearly all shipped to Great Britain, in lots of five car-\\nloads to each shipment. Capital required in property and stocking the mill,\\n$100,000. f\\nOne of the very commendable branches of industry at Ottumwa, is the large\\nstarch-factory. This concern is under bonds of incorporation, the members of\\nthe company comprising William Daggett, Charles F. Blake, J. W. Edgerly, W.\\nT. Harper, W. T. Major. F. R. Sleeper, J. L. Moore, and S. L. Wiley. The\\ncapital stock of the corporation is $25,000, soon to be increased to $50,000.\\nThe company was incorporated in August, 1878 the cost of their building", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "514 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nand furnishings being $20,000. The factory has a capacity for utilizing 600\\nbushels of corn per day, the rendering of which affords nine tons of starch per\\nday. The force of hands employed is from seventy-five to one hundred. The\\nmachii.ery is run by water-power. The building is 105x110 feet, three stories\\nand basement the former of brick, the latter of stone, there being a five-foot\\nfoundation resting on twelve feet of dry piling. The roof is flat. The structure\\nitself is imposingand adds a stroke of relief to the surroundings.\\nThe Ottumwa oatmeal-mill, a new structure, which cost about $3,000, is\\nthe property of Kiser Pierson. Their capacity is eighty to one hundred bar-\\nrels per day; water-power.\\nBoth the starch-factory and the oatmeal-mills, are institutions of peculiar\\nadvantage to this region. They are still in their infancy, the former being\\nunfinished at the date of writing, but alluded to as it will be when in operation.\\nThe oatmeal-mills are just beginning to grind. The crude materials used in\\nsuch institutions are of a kind to increase farming industry, and the factories\\nafford a market for a wide area. They are exactly what are needed here.\\nH. N. McCoy owns a sash, door and blind factory, for which a capital stock\\n$10,000 is required to run it, and a twenty-horse-power engine keeps the\\nmachinery buzzing at such a rate as to consume, yearly, in the manufacture of\\nsash, doors and blinds, 100 car-loads of lumber. Twenty-five men are employed.\\nThe factory was put up in 1873.\\nProbably the largest manufacturing establishment at Ottumwa, is the John-\\nston Rufiler Company/ and the Ottumwa Iron Works, the former being an\\nincorporated company, comprising as members, Allen Johnston, A. G. Harrow,\\nJ. T. Hackworth and W. T. Major the Iron Works Company composing the\\nsame members, yet the enterprise not being an incorporation. Their works\\nwere all built in 1872, with a capital stock of $24,000 in each Company a\\ntotal of $48,000. The buildings, which occupy a total space of 165x195 feet,\\nand the grounds included, cost $20,000; the machinery, $15,000. The Com-\\npanies employ about sixty-five hands. This factory is the only one of the kind\\nat Ottumwa. It is run by steam-power. The province of this Company and\\ncorporation covers every class of foundry and machine work, besides sewing-\\nmachine attachments. The enterprise of the gentlemen comprising the firm\\nhas, through incessant labor, placed this manufactory on a footing second to\\nnone and equaled by few in the State.\\nDurfee Pollard are the names of formerly one of the leading wagon and\\ncarriage factories of the city. They went into the business in 1866, with\\nscarcely no capital at all, and, by industry, worked their factory up to a $10,-\\n000 capital stock concern, with the power to turn out, yearly, 300 farm-wagons\\nand seventy-five of the various vehicles in use. They employed twenty-five\\nmen at one time. They now run a lesser force and do less work. Returning\\nbriskness in general trade will be felt in this concern.\\nThe brewing facilities of Ottumwa are of such a wide range as to abundantly\\nsupply the home demands. The William Kraner Brewing Company is an\\nincorporated concern, having become so in 1876, with a capital stock of $50,000.\\nThose whose names figure in the Company are William Kraner, J. B. Miller,\\nC. Quinton, Christopher Kaiser, Louis Schlotter and Mrs. N. E. Kaiser. The\\nbrewery cost $45,000, and the casks, etc., made an additional expense of\\n$6,000. The works cover an area 163x160 feet; the capacity of the concern\\nis 150 barrels of beer per day, which ten employes help to make.\\nHansman Bauer have a brewery, that was built in 1865, at a cost of\\n,000, and now, with a capital of $35,000 and six men, the company are", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 515\\nenabled to brew thirty-six barrels of beer each day. The brewery has buildings\\nenough to cover 90x190 feet of ground.\\nShafer Hofmann s brewery cost $28,000 in 1873. The size of the build-\\nings combined is 90x228 feet, under the roof of which five men daily tread the\\nhop-press, and squeeze out thirty-five barrels of malt liquor from sun to sun.\\nThe capital stock invested is $25,000.\\nOttumwa has a soap-factory owned by F. Sanchez Sons, formerly of\\nChicago. This factory has only two opponents in this State on the line of road from\\nBurlington to Council Bluffs. There is a capital of $15,000 invested in the\\nconcern, which was put up in 1875 and so encouraged are the proprietors that\\nthey have concluded to combine the manufacture of fancy toilet soaps with their\\ntrade. The capacity of the factory is 15,000 pounds of soap per month,\\n-which, with the addition, will reach about 25,000 pounds.\\nAway back in 1862, a building Avas put up on the Hawley estate at a cost\\nof $20,000 in this building were fixed three hundred and twenty spindles,\\nthree sets of manufacturing cards, two sets of roll cards, and a lot of fulling and\\nfinishing machinery. And when all these commodities were in full running order\\nfifteen employes managed to pull from the rollers two hundred and fifty yards of\\nwoolen cloth per day. Mr. H. Zulauf was proprietor of the factory, and was proud\\nof his enterprise; but a dash of hard times rolled along, and the machinery did\\nnot revolve so fast now and then a dozen spindles were stopped a set of\\ncards were made idle a rod was allowed to cool the speed of a wheel was\\nslackened a few hands were granted a respite from labor a dozen window-\\npanes dropped out and now the old red mill has taken on a coat of rust, few\\nspindles revolve, yet the work goes on at a slow pace, and when the golden dol-\\nlars shall have soared about more plentifully, the old-time din of the mill will\\nagain be heard, and the heart of idle employes leap with joy because of their\\nold place assigned them beside the spinning wheel.\\nThe Bauer Kiester Plow Factory is almost an enterprise of the past, yet a\\nfew of the men who worked at plowmaking remain and serve the company in\\nthe wagon-shop connected with the factory, which has a record as far back as\\n1868, when a capital of $10,000 and sixteen men made it hum. The capacity\\nwas eight plows per day, bright and shining from the tip of the colter to the\\nhandles.\\nJanuary 1, 1870, with plenty of grit, but no money, P. Hirschauer and six\\nemployes began to make boilers for the multitude, and they worked along until\\nnow they are prepared to make thirty-six large boilers a year, and Mr. Hirsch-\\nauer has a capital of $1,800. His is the only boiler-factory between Burlington\\nand Des Moines.\\nAs long ago as 1846, Ottumwa had a flouring-mill. The first one was built\\nin that year by a Mr. Myers, and occupied the same territory as now covered\\nby Postlewait s new elevator. Soon after that, G. W. Bowen came to this city,\\nand, in 1854, located the mill where it now stands there had been a frame saw-mill on\\nthe bank of the river since 1849, and the shell was occupied at first, and after that\\nrejoiced in an addition. Formerly, a great deal of flour was shipped from this\\npoint to Chicago and St. Louis, but of late years attention has been given to\\nthe milling of flour for home consumptiononly. The Bowen Company mills\\nhave four runs of buhrs, with a capacityof 100 barrels of flour daily. The\\neapital of the concern is $6,000.\\nJ. Schick Co. (Jacob, Charles and Valentine) are engaged in the manu-\\nfacture of staves and barrels, boxes, hardwood timbers for wagon work, etc.\\nThe business was established in 1872, and has a capital of $25,000. The", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "516 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nannual business amounts to over $50,000. Steam-power is used. The sales\\n*^xtend over Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, etc. The business is a rapidly-grow-\\ning one, and of the sort to prosper in this region.\\nOTTUMWA GAS-LIGHT COMPANY. IP^\\nThe work of introducing gas into the city was begun by A. E. Swift Co.,\\nin 1870. An ordinance granting the exclusive right for a term of years was\\nadopted September 22, of that year. November 1 following, A. E. Swift\\nCo. sold their franchise to the Ottumwa Gas-Light Co., which was chartered\\nthat date. The original officers were: A. E. Swift, President; N. 0. Swift,\\nVice President, W. H. Whitla, Secretary and Treasurer. This organization\\ncontinued until June 8, 1875, when E. Tillotson was chosen President J. R.\\nMurdoch, Vice President, and Dwight Bannister, Secretary and Treasurer.\\nFebruary 12, 1878, this management was changed, and Mr. Bannister became\\nPresident and Acting Secretary and Treasurer J. R. Murdoch, Vice Presi-\\ndent. The Company is authorized to manufacture gas and deal in coal. The\\ngas is made from hard coal exclusively. There are some four and a half miles\\nof pipes laid in the city. The capital stock of the Company is $100,000.\\nPOST OFFICES IN WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe following post offices are in existence in the county Agency City,\\nAshland, Bladensburg, Blakesburg, Chillicothe, Competine, Dahlonega, Dud-\\nley, Eddyville, Eldon, Highland Center, Kirkville, Morton, Munterville,\\nOrmanville, Ottumwa.\\nCOUNTY POOR FARM.\\nThe Poor Farm, 140 acres of land in Section 33, Township 72, Range 13,\\nwas purchased of Mr. Quincy A. Wood, in March, 1860. It is situated just\\nbelow the mouth of Sugar Creek. The county does not boast much of this\\ninstitution.\\nTHE COMMERCIAL INTERESTS.\\nof Ottumwa are very extensive. Considerable wholesaling is carried on. The\\ncity is well supplied with retailing concerns in all branches of trade.\\nThe learned professions are ably represented. This being the county seat,\\nthe bar naturally is strong, and many of its members are well known through-\\nout the State.\\nThe banking business is carried on by firmly-established institutions.\\nSocially, the city is a delightful one in which to live. An intelligent class\\nof people have made their homes here, and sustain several beneficial organiza-\\ntions. A scientific society is in existence, and a\\nPUBLIC LIBRARY\\nwith many hundred volumes, is kept up.\\nTaken all in all, we adhere to the first impression formed of the city, and\\npronounce it one of the very pleasantest that it has been our good fortune to\\nbecome acquainted with in Iowa Its future is assured, and its citizens\\nmay well feel proud of their beautiful City of Perseverance and laudable self-\\nwill.\\nOTTUMWA LOAN AND BUILDING ASSOCIATION\\nwas incorporated in February, 1878, with a capital stock of $1,000,000, to be\\nissued upon the serial plan $200,000 the first year, and $100,000 annually\\nthereafter, until the whole stock shall be issued. The stock is divided intO", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 5 1 T\\nshares of $200 each. The highest amount of indebtedness or liability to which\\nthe Association is liable at any one time is $2,000.\\nThe annual meetings of the Association are held on the first Monday in\\nMarch.\\nAlthough the Association has been in active existence only since April last,\\nit has already aided in the erection of some twenty residences, and its funds are\\nin constant demand.\\nThe Association promises to be an important agency in the future growth\\nof Ottumwa.\\nNames of the incorporators: George Haw, J. Williamson, William Daggett,\\nJ. M. Hedrick, J. B. Field, Robert Douglass, J. D. Ferree, J. T. Hackworth,\\nDaniel Eaton, W. E. Chambers, 0. M. Ladd and A. G. Harrow.\\nThe officers of the Association are as follows J. Williamson, President\\nWilliam Daggett, Vice President J. D. Ferree, Secretary George Haw,\\nTreasurer.\\nBoard of Directors Charles Lawrence, Daniel Eaton, W. B. Armstrong,\\n0. M. Ladd and L N. Mast.\\nTHE MISSING BOOK FOUND.\\nWhen the writer began his labors in Wapello County, he discovered that\\nthe original Commissioners records were missing from the Auditor s office.\\nSome one had borrowed the book, unbeknown to the Auditor or Clerk, and had\\nfailed to return it. The historian set to work at once to recover the volume, if\\npossible, after first satisfying himself that it was not in the Court House.\\nSeveral weeks elapsed without the desired result, and he was compelled to send\\nhis manuscript to the printer without a transcript of the proceedings of the\\nBoard. At last, after more than one hundred pages of the history were printed,\\nthe book was found. Had it not been for the indefatigable eftbrts of the West-\\nern Historical Company, Wapello would probably have never known of the\\nwhereabouts of the valuable record. We offer these words of explanation to\\naccount for the appearance of this chapter so out of proper order in the book,\\nand to prevent the charge of inconsistency in a certain statement relative to the\\nofficial roster of the county which precedes these pages. Appended is an\\nabstract of the original book\\nThe first meeting of the Board was held at Louisville, the county seat of\\nWapello County, on Monday, the 20th day of May, 1844. The County Com-\\nmissioners were as follows Lewis F. Temple (not L. E Temple, as is given\\non page 403 of this book), James M. Montgomery and Charles F. Harrow.\\nCharles Overman was appointed Clerk. In August, 1844, John C Evans,\\nJohn B. Gray and James B. Wright were elected. In 1845-46, the Board\\nconsisted of John C. Evans, James B. Wright and Henry Smith. In 1846,\\nthe Clerk s office was filled by James C. Tolman. In 1847, the Board consisted\\nof Henry Smith, Charles Dudley and James B. Wright. A. J. Redenbaugh\\nwas Clerk. In 1848, James B. Wright, Charles Dudley and Nathaniel Bell\\nwere Commissioners and A. J. Redenbaugh Clerk. In 1850, Charles Dudley,\\nNathaniel Bell and Samuel Gilliland were Commissioners and A. J. Reden-\\nbaugh Clerk. The last meeting of the Board, before it was dissolved by the-\\nact creating the County Judge system, was held July 29, 1851, at which\\nNathaniel Bell, Samuel Gilliland and Gideon Myers officiated. Mr. Reden-\\nbaugh was the last Clerk.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "518 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe first business transacted at the May, 1844, session, was to grant a\\nlicense to. David Glass to keep a grocery in Ottumwa. This shows that the\\nname Ottumwa was insisted upon by the settlers, although the official name was\\nthen Louisville, by reason of the act of the Locating Commissioners, who named\\nit so in honor of Louisville, Ky.\\nWashington Township was organized at the first meeting.\\nPleasant, Competine, Columbia, Center, Dahlonega, Richland and Adams\\nTownships were created at the June session, or second meeting.\\nJ. P. Eddy was granted a ferry license at the July session, authorizing him\\nto establish a ferry at Eddyville. This was the first ferry in the county, duly\\nlegalized. The prices permitted to be charged were Footman, 6J cents man\\nand horse, 18f cents two horses and wagon, 37| cents four horses and wagon,\\n50 cents cattle, 4 cents hogs, 2 cents.\\nIn July, Henry Smith Co. were authorized to construct a dam across the\\nDes Moines, on Section 27, Township 71, Range 12, where Eldora now stands.\\nA tax of 5 mills on the dollar was authorized, and a poll-tax of 50 cents.\\nA Jail was ordered to be built on the east end of Lot 136, Block 11, in Lou-\\nisville, but definite action was postponed.\\nA free ferry was ordered across the river at Louisville, provided the Appa-\\nnoose Rapids Company sustain one-half the expense of the building and mainte-\\nnance of the same.\\nAt the April term, 1845, Anderson Cox was granted permission to establish\\na ferry across the Des Moines River, one and a quarter miles above Louisville.\\nAt the May term, 1845, the Board agreed upon the specifications for the\\nerection of a Jail, the previous action having resulted in nothing. A two-story\\nhewed log building was agreed upon.\\nW. W. Chapman was acting as Attorney for the county in 1845.\\nAt the August session, the Board ordered that the names of Francis M.\\nHarrow and Robert M. Ramsey be stricken from the mill and dam charter, and\\nthat the company proposing to build a mill at Louisville be allowed until March,\\n1847, to do so. The original charter was granted by the Board of Jefferson\\nCounty, while this county was attached thereto, September, 1843, to F. M.\\nHarrow, R. W. Ramsey, David Armstrong and Joel Myers Co. The Board\\nof Wapello County approved of the charter at the August meeting, as aforesaid,\\nivith the change of names shown above.\\nThe Jail contract was finally awarded to David Armstrong, at this meeting,\\nfor |2,000. The site chosen was Lot 140, Block 11.\\nThe first official recognition of the name Ottumwa was made November,\\n1845, by the Board. Belore that date, Louisville and Ottumwa were\\nused interchangeably.\\nPolk and Keokuk Townships were created in April, 1846.\\nThere is no mention of the building of the first Court House, but at the\\nJanuary session, record is made of repairs done thereon by Thomas Sinnamon.\\nAnd again, when Snodgrass Hill added stair steps to that historic pile.\\nIn January, 1848, D. F. Gaylord and Levi Reeve were authorized to fit up\\na ferry across the river, at Ottumwa, to continue twelve years.\\nThrough all the Record Book one encounters innumerable licenses to\\nkeep a grocery, granted to enough persons to supply groceries (fluid and solid)\\nfor a multitude. The business was a good one in those days, we infer.\\nThe petition praying for the incorporation of Ottumwa was presented to the\\nBoard in January, 1851. An election, in accordance with the prayer, was\\nordered to be held February 8, 1851.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 519\\nAgency Township was created in April, 1851.\\nThere is no mention made in this book of the action taken by the Board\\nrespecting the Appanoose Rapids Company, and one is forced to admit that the\\nrecords are quite meager in many respects. Not one word is said concerning\\nthe financial condition of the county, nor is the population or material growth\\nalluded to in any way. No record of elections is preserved. The absence of full\\ndetails of the transfer of lots to the county by the Appanoose Rapids Company is an\\nastonishing one. The Company is alluded to but once or twice, and then only\\nin an incidental manner. As we have already had access to the official books\\nof that Company, this history is not deficient, however. It is gratifying to be\\nable to say that the official roster is completed by the list of Commissioners\\nherein given, and our readers will acknowledge that the publishers have left no\\nstone unturned to give as full and authentic a history as can be obtained.\\nEDDYVILLE.\\nPrevious to the year 1841, the country about Eddyville was in its primeval\\ncondition. In that year, Mr. J. P. Eddy, an Indian trader, came from War-\\nren County, Ohio, bringing with him a dozen or more artisans, who were\\nanxious to try their fortunes in the Far West. Mr. Eddy brought his family\\nwith him, but most of the party were single men, and, it would seem, clung to\\ntheir single wretchedness for a long time thereafter. As late as 1847, says\\nMr. Benedict, of whom more will soon be known, out of the seventeen men\\nwho were building a mill in our neighborhood, only one man of the lot was\\nmarried. Where did all the rest find wives Some died without ever having\\none, and the others scoured the country far and near for helpmates.\\nThe Government had allowed Mr. Eddy, as an Indian trader, to lay claim\\nto a whole section of land 640 acres. This land, or a greater share of it, he\\nused for farming purposes, until the year 1843, when he laid off 160 acres of the\\ngrant and called it the basis of a town. The name he appropriated was his own,\\nadding only the ville to it. The land he now occupied was originally the\\ndomain of the Hardfish Indians, and this home of theirs had been known as\\ntheir farm or village, both names applying. The village embraced\\nSection 6, Township 73, Range 15. It lies in the corners of Wapello, Monroe\\nand Mahaska Counties.\\nMr. Eddy remained at the new-born town until 1844, when he left for St.\\nLouis, where he lived until death. A daughter still remains there. And the\\nestablishment of the ville materially ended his town labors, for with that his\\nambition seems to have been satisfied. However, he did content himself with\\nthe ways of the place long enough to have the honor of being first Postmaster\\nat that junction, thrust upon him also, to have built the first frame school-\\nhouse, or that and free church and town hall combined, the wreck of which\\nstill remains, and tells to the stroller-by that it was there the first rudiments of\\neducation were taught the young of Eddyville there the first song-praises and\\nprayers went up, and the germs of political fervor, budding within the breasts\\nof aspiring politicians, there first blossomed into the speeches of party advo-\\ncates. All that is left of the schoolhouse is a tottering frame and a few boards,\\nbut they tell the tale, and seem to hold up to reverence the very name of him\\nwhose liberality and public spirit prompted him to strike a blow in the interest\\nof education, morality and politics. Mr. Eddy also established the first store,\\nwhich he managed until shortly before he left, when he was succeeded by E. D.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "520 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nFish, to whom Mr. Eddy sold his stock of merchandise. Richard Butcher,\\none of the first settlers, and one of Mr. Eddy s hired help, having been on the\\nfarm with him six months, and after that clerked for him in the store, also\\nstarted a store in 1846, in company with William Cox, and in opposition to the\\nFish establishment.\\nThe town was, by this time, beginning to thrive. The 1,000 Indians\\nwhom the new-comers had found so quietly smoking their pipes of peace, had,\\non May 1, 1843, been removed, bag and baggage, to a belt of country near\\nDes Moines, by order of the Government and when the red men loaded their\\nponies with their rude goods and gods, and wandered toward the sundown, the\\npopulation of Eddyville, by this time, increased to ten families, said in unison\\nWe are left to ourselves. Let us make of this a great city, and vie with our\\nneighboring towns. And it was thus that Ottumwa and Eddyville, for a long\\ntime, did wrestle for supremacy, until the former got the strongest hip-lock and\\ntumbled its neighbor over.\\nFeeling its importance and need of law, Eddyville called an election in the\\nold schoolhouse, on April 18, 1844, and elected three Commissioners to repre-\\nsent the upper corner of the county. Their names were James M. Montgom-\\nery, Lewis F. Temple and Charles F. Harrow. And these began to legislate.\\nA one-horse mail, once a week, had, since the little log Indian trading-house\\nwas first established, been toted into town from Agency City, Adam Cline hold-\\ning the reins of the horse. This slow way of doing things was finally, in 1848,\\nimproved by the Rev. Mr, Post, a Baptist man of the Lord, who, with an eye\\nto business, hitched up two horses to a jugger, and twice a week enabled the\\ninhabitants to send letters to and hear from their loved ones back in the States.\\nA large coach subsequently increased the delivery of mail to three times a\\nweek, and finally the iron horse, that went screeching through town for the first\\ntime in the year 1860, enabled the people to receive letters once or twice a\\nday.\\nMany things began to happen by this time. Strangers came to town and\\nsettled, and the country about began to take on the air of civilization. There\\nare but five of the survivors of 43 now living at Eddyville. Mrs. Walter\\nClement, Mrs. Nicholas Scribner, Mr. J. H. Benedict, Mr. Richard Butcher\\nand Mr. J. T. Wiley. Mr. Benedict came to Eddyville in the spring of 43,\\nand settled for a brief time on a farm about four miles above town, where he\\nbuilt a saw-mill, the first one in that part of the country. Mr. Benedict had\\ncome from New York State, landing in Chicago July 4, 1827, when there were\\nbut two Avhite families there Indian Agent Wolcott and his father-in-law\\nKenzie and had finally come to his future home, full of hope and youthful\\nfire, and so aroused the confidence of the people that they conferred upon him\\nthe honor of making him the first Justice of the Peace of the place. He\\nmarried the first couple (1845), James Wilson and Catharine Steele. He had\\nthe first suit before him. It was a civil suit between two farmers, Crane and a\\nneighbor, over a disputed claim. This was in 1844. The Court was held in a\\nrough log cabin, but served the purpose very well. The first lawyer one who\\nrepresented one of the parties to the suit was Homer D. Ives. He was a\\nshrewd, sharp young lawyer, says Mr. Benedict, The first grand jury room\\nwas a log cabin, built square and with but a small door for exit, a blanket serv-\\ning to keep inquisitive noses from poking in. Mr. Benedict was one of the\\nfirst jurymen. In 1847, the town had increased to twenty families, and Mr.\\nBenedict moved in and built, at a cost of $2,500, a saw and grist mill, the\\nfirst of the kind in this part of the country. Here the lumber for the school-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 521\\nhouse was sawed the mill s first work. After that he took in as partner J. E.\\nVance. The flour-mill still stands. By this time the town contained a number\\nof men who since have added more or less to making up its history. These\\nmen were J. T. Wiley, Nicholas Scribner, Walter Clement, Billy Dunlap, B.\\nH. Palmer, David Campbell, Robert Akins, James Amos, Richard Butcher,\\nDr. Fish, Milton Fish, W. T. Caldwell, Dr. James Nosier, Dr. Ross, Homer\\nD. Ives, William Cox, Martin Tucker, John B Gray, Joseph Roberts and R.\\nW. Boyd.\\nMartin Tucker kept the first hotel. The building had been formerly an\\nIndian wigwam. This was about 1843 or 1844. Nicholas Scribner and William\\nDunlap soon followed in the train.\\nThe first physician was Dr. Ross, in 1843, and Dr. Fish came in 1845;\\nDr. Nosier in 1846.\\nThe first blacksmithing business was done by J. W. Caldwell and J. T.\\nWiley, copartners in business.\\nThere was a little sensation in 1843, when a steamboat puffed up the river\\nas far as Des Moines with a load of soldiers. In 1849, the first flatboat built\\nat Eddyville was run to St. Louis, under command of a Mr. Carnes. Thus\\nsays Mr. Benedict. Mr. Butcher says the first was in 1847, by A. J. Davis.\\nEddyville, in the spring of 1849, sent some of her citizens in the race for\\nwealth over the alkali deserts of Nebraska to the Golden State. On account\\nof the California travel, a franchise was asked of the Board of Commissioners\\nto build a ferry over the Des Moines River, from Eddyville to the Chariton\\ntrack, or road, which led right on from the main street in the village of Eddy-\\nville. This was given July 2, 1849. Prices of produce rose all over Central\\nIowa to high figures corn was as high as $2 per bushel. Every house was a\\nhotel, and beds were at a premium. Even the soft side of a board was con-\\nsidered worth something to a tired traveler.\\nThe first child born was to the family of J. W. Caldwell. He was named\\nGeorge. Clara, also a child of J. W. Caldwell, was the first soul whose light\\nflickered out in this newly-settled wilderness.\\nWalter Clement has the honor of being the first surveyor also the first\\nschool-teacher.\\nJohn M. Fish was the pioneer lumber-yard man, beginning in 1860. In\\n1863, he started the first bank in Eddyville.\\nJoseph Perry was the earliest wagon-maker in this part of the country,\\nbeginning his labors in 1853.\\nThe earliest recollection of the oldest inhabitant reverts to the Pottery,\\nstarted in 1847 by J. M. McNamee, who run it four years and then quit.\\nA plow-factory was put in operation by Thurbaugh Phillips in 1856, and\\nafter various changes for twenty years, it collapsed in 1876.\\nThe year of 1858 was a rainy one. This discouraged farmers a good deal.\\nThe heaviest rains came, too, in harvest, so much so that wheat molded before\\nit was ready for the mill, and the result was the bread made from it was both\\nmoldy and sticky. Rivers were high, bridges went sailing off fences were\\nwashed away, and many a farmer wished the seventh year could be left out of\\nthe calendar. According to old Hard Fish, the Indian Chief, Every seventh\\nyear, big rain.\\nA woolen-mill was built in 1851 by James Brady, the wheels and spindles\\nbeing kept in motion by ox-power. Benedict Vance came to the conclusion,\\nin 1855, that they would not be less enterprising than the other men, and they\\nstarted in. Mr. Benedict also put into motion a mill in 1858 took in as a", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "522 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\npartner Mr. Wilmot, in 1862 to 1866 and in 1867, Mr. Stanley put up a ne^r\\nmill, which John M. Fish took in 1873, and run until 1877, when it died.\\nThe Eddyville bridge was built in 1855 and 1856, at a contract price of\\n$30,000. The enterprise is an incorporated one, and cfificered by President,\\nJames Nosier Treasurer, S. A. Welch Secretary, Elijah Quillen Directors,\\nH. H. Williams, J. T. Wiley, Joseph Roberts, Sr., and Mary Ives. The cor-\\nporation bears the name of The Eddyville Bridge Company.\\nAway back in 1849, the little town of Eddyville could with pride and\\ntruthfulness boast of much intelligence and literary cultivation. There was in\\nthat year an enterprise organized under the title of the Eddyville Mutual Insti-\\ntute. This association met weekly for the sake of mind-improvement, the duty\\nof some one of the members being at each meeting to deliver a written or oral\\nlecture upon some moral or scientific subject, and devote the hours to general\\nliterary discussions. The originators of this association were Homer D. Ives,\\nRev. Mr. Hitchcock, Dr. Fish, R. W. Boyd, W. H. Dunlap, Walter Clement,\\nH. H. Williams, W. M. Alison, Robert Coles and W. H. Cross. The society\\ncontinued its labors until 1855 or 1856, when it went out of existence, and the\\nneat little library that had been collected was scattered.\\nTHE PRESS.\\nThe history of the press is always interesting and especially when it dates\\nback to the days of few commodities and the dependence upon local events\\nalone to fill its columns for there were no wires in the olden days to flash the\\nintelligence of the land instantaneously to a neighboring people, but only the\\nlapse of time sufficed to bear across the coAintry the latest news of some event\\nhappening, perchance, a six-month back. And thus it was that the country\\neditor labored with disadvantages and fought with fate for the earliest news a\\nmonth or more old. J. W. Norris started the Eddyville Free Press, the first\\nnumber being published Thursday, August 11, 1853. This was the earliest\\nnewspaper publication in the town. We rest upon the broad shoulders of the\\ncommunity, was the commencement of an article in the first number, headed\\nIntroductory and Explanatory. Being a Neutral Press, continues the\\nessay, claiming perfect freedom from the peculiar influence of those parties\\nand sects Avhich so universally divide and interest the community, we cannot\\nexpect the cordial and exclusive support and sympathy of any one, but, never-\\ntheless, shall be expected to please all and offend none a most difficult task,\\nand one which renders us as liable to encounter the stern and critical eye of\\nsuspicion and distrust as the more desirable one of sympathy and support.\\nIn a review, the same paper said We cannot state positively, but we\\nthink we may safely estimate the business transactions of Eddyville for the season\\njust expiring (1853) at $100,000 a large sum, it is true, for an interior town\\nof its age, and for the number of our business houses. But we believe it to be\\nvery near the truth. And the sanguine manner in which the facts are related\\nwould lead one to conclude that the statement was true. Because, men in those\\ndays were more conscientious than now then, a mere farthing would not tip the\\nscale from an honest level to a cunning, devising, dishonest bend.\\nThe management of Mr. Norris Avas followed by J. V. Meeker. B. H.\\nPalmer, publisher and proprietor, and William H. Alison, editor, three years\\nlater, 1856, changed the paper to the CommerciaL This was run three years,\\nand discontinued. A paper called the Observer was next run by J. T. Cooke,\\nfor about three months, date uncertain. Melick McConnell, in 1862, started\\nthe Star published it for about three years, and sold it to Charles Sherman.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 623\\nShortly after that, he discontinued the paper. In 1868, Melick Bitner\\nstarted the Independent, which did not live long. Mr. Straight bought the old\\nmaterial, and, in 1868, started the JJes Moines Valley Gazette. Then Major\\nJohn Wilcox bought in with him, and in two or three years Mr, Straight\\nresigned. Mr. Wilcox conducted the paper until 1872 or 1873, when he dis-\\ncontinued it. In February, 1869, Mr. W. L. Palmer, a son of the journalist\\nB. H. Palmer, established the Advertiser, a weekly Republican publication,\\nwhich is still ably conducted. An opposition sheet. Democratic in principle,\\nwas born June 3, 1875, with W. A. Faust, editor, and J. T. Sherman, publisher.\\nIt was christened the Advance. In the fall of 1876, the politics of the paper\\nwas shifted to suit the complexion of the Greenback party. Mr. Faust retired,\\nand A. Cross became identified with Mr. Sherman, and worked along until\\nNovember, 1876, when a fire destroyed the office, and the paper was discon-\\nCITY ELECTIONS AND OFFICERS.\\nThe first village election was held on Monday, May 1, 1857. The result\\nwas For Mayor, Dr. F. H. Buck Recorder, E. L. Smith Treasurer, F. R.\\nManning; Marshal, Benjamin S. Slemmons. And, by the way, there is an\\nanecdote connected with the first term of these gentlemen s office. A bogus\\ninaugural address was gotten up and published as having originated with the\\nMayor. It Avas addressed: Fellow-citizens and Members of the Council.\\nIt started out by saying I behold the city fathers assembled in solemn con-\\nclave, with proud and stately dignity, and with corpulent abdomen slightly\\nprotruding, to pass an ordinance to prohibit male animals running at large.\\nThe calaboose had been previously burned, and to this the address referred.\\nThey (the crowd) could but stand idly around and behold, and say sic transit\\ngloria calaboose. And the perpetrator of the foul deed is allowed to go\\nunpunished, because the law requires catching before hanging.\\nI would earnestly recommend that your early attention be directed to the\\nrepeal of that obnoxious law.\\nThe author of the alleged address proved to be Mr. R. W. Boyd.\\nTreasurer Manning became off ended at it not seriously, however, and the\\nmatter was recorded among the happenings that were.\\nThe calaboose had been burned by some one who, it was supposed, had\\ntaken off ense at the jail law, having been confined there. One Scott Steel was\\ntried before R. W. Boyd, then Justice of the Peace but there not being suf-\\nficient evidence to hold him, the prisoner was discharged. The calaboose was\\nrebuilt in 1859.\\nAbout this time, the Pike s Peak mining excitement broke out, and a num-\\nber of adventurers left for the hills. All returned within a short time, no richer\\nfor their journey.\\nThe present city oflGcers are these Mayor, W. C. Ross Recorder, Isaac\\nRiggs; Trustees, W. M. McPherrin, William Cowley, C. A. Spelman, J. W.\\nWilkins, T. H. Shane Marshal, R. D. Hall Treasurer, Richard Butcher\\nCommittees Finance, William Cowley, T. H. Shane, J. VV. Wilkins; Claims,\\nJ. W. Wilkins, T. H. Shane, W. M. McPherrin Public Improvement, W. M.\\nMcPherrin, C. A. Spelman, William Cowley; Petitions and Memorials, W.\\nM. McPherrin, William Cowley, C. A. Spelman.\\nTHE CHURCHES.\\nIn the early days, the itinerant minister was a feature as much as was\\nthe doctor with his jaded horse and saddle-bags, and the first permanent", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nminister was the Rev. Mr. Kirkpatrick, a Methodist, who came to town in\\n1844,\\nBarring the church put up by Mr. Eddy, the Methodist Church, in 1848,\\nwas the first one built. It was a common structure, and stood until 1862, when\\nit was replaced by a new brick one, at a cost of $4,000. The society at pres-\\nent are in a prosperous condition, the fold numbering 125 members. The Rev.\\nWilliam G. Wilson is the present Pastor.\\nIn 1844, Rev. B. A. Spaulding, a Congregationalist, came here and worked\\nalong until 1849, when the Rev. Mr. Hitchcock was ushered into prominent\\nnotice through his untiring efforts in sucuring funds to build a Congregational\\nhouse of worship. This structure was sold to the Baptists in 1859, and in 1862\\nthe Congregationalist erected a new church, at a cost of |3,600. At present\\nthe society has no Pastor.\\nThe Rev. J. G. Schafer, a Lutheran, began his labors in this field in 1844,\\nand, by 1855, the society had erected a church, which, a year or two after, was\\nsold to the Presbyterians. The first minister in charge of the latter denomina-\\ntion was the Rev. Mr. Holliday. This Church has no available record other\\nthan that mentioned in these few lines.\\nThe Baptist Society was first organized under the Rev. Mr. Post, already\\nmentioned, and who kept up the interest in that denomination for a time, and\\na year or two from 1844, removed to Pella, as American agent for a German\\ncolony, at which place he died. The Baptists now worship in the Presbyterian\\nChurch. They have no Pastor.\\nThe Christian Church is one of modern origin. They have no regular\\nPastor.\\nThe Roman Catholic Church is not large, yet its fixithful few have plodded\\non for fifteen or twenty years, and still continue faithful under their Pastor,\\nFather Feeley.\\nTHE LODGES.\\nThe I. 0. 0. F. Lodge was chartered July 5, 1850, its members then being\\nJohn Cline, Dr. Warner, Dr. Buck, William H. Dunlap and Walter Cross.\\nThe charter and all the records were burned December 6, 1873, and in Octo-\\nber, 1874, a new charter was granted. The membership of the Lodge is sixty-\\neight.\\nEddyville Lodge, No. 7^, A., F. tf A. M. was organized June 5, 1856,\\nthe charter members being William Thompson, W. M.; Thomas Ogden, D. W.\\nCorwin, Henry Graves and James Sherrod. The charter was burned Decem-\\nber 6, 1873, and renewed soon after. The present officers are William Cow-\\nley, W. M.; S. M. Epperson, S. W.; C. S. Smith, J. W.; William McPherrin,\\nTreasurer; T.H.Shane, Secretary; James Farley, S. D.; L. H. Briggs,\\nJ. D.; William Thompson, Tiler.\\nThe Temperance Reform Club of this place was organized in the winter of\\n1878. Its membership is large. The officers are President, R. W. Boyd\\nVice Presidents, J. C. French, Mrs. Dr. Sloan, Mrs. S. M. Epperson Secre-\\ntary, D. W. Ward Treasurer, A. W. Riggs.\\nThe Liberal League was organized in 1877, with the following officers\\nPresident, W. M. McPherrin Vice President, C. N. Smith Secretary, W. W.\\nScott Treasurer, James Cowley Executive Committee, R. VV. Boyd, W. P.\\nBrodrick. G. W. Chamberlin.\\nOne of the most notable societies is that of the Eddyville Musical Associa-\\nation. Its ranks embrace some excellent musical talent. It is officered as\\nbelow, having reached the anniversary of its second birthday President, C. A.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "M-fi t\\nOTTUMWA", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 527\\nSpelman Vice President, William Van Ness Secretary and Treasurer, F. W.\\nFais Conductor, William Plough First Organist, Carrie Boyd Second\\nOrganist, Delia Mosby First Soprano, Grace Edwards First Alto, Delia\\nMosby First Tenor, William Burns First Bass, T. H. Shane.\\nTHE SCHOOLS.\\nThe records of the Eddyville schools, back of the year 1873, have been\\ndestroyed by fire, and a great deal of the information gained in this direction\\nwas from the memory of the citizens. It is recorded that, August 25, 1858, a\\nschool meeting of Columbia Township was held, at which were present Peter\\nKnox, T. C. Ogden and Daniel Zollars. The township then comprised one dis-\\ntrict, divided into subdistricts. This system run along until 1872, when there\\nwas a change in the election of Directors three being substituted in place of\\ntwo and, although no record is made, it is thought that the independent dis-\\ntrict rule was first applied in this year.\\nIn 1867. the Board issued ten bonds, of $1,000 each, payable one everv\\nyear until all should be canceled. This step was the first one taken toward\\nbuilding a new schoolhouse and, coupling the borrowed funds with some loose\\nchange already on hand, the district set about putting up a fine building, at a\\ncost of $18,000. The size of this is 64x50 feet, three stories and basement.\\nThe material is brick.\\nThe present School Board comprises the following officers President, John\\nLeggett; Secretary, A. W. Riggs; Treasurer, S. T. Caldwell; William Scha-\\nfer, A. Trotter, A. M. Lafierty, W. M. McPherrin, J. W. Mosby.\\nSo much for records. But Mrs. Walter Clement says her recollection runs\\nback of 1858 and the piece of information she gives is priceless, inasmuch as\\nshe is the only known person who remembers the facts relative to Eddyville\\nschool matters not recorded. This lady says that her husband, Walter Clement,\\ntogether with Heman Snow, Dr. Nosier, James Workman and David Campbell,\\ncomprised the first Board of Officers and Directors that being in 1844 or\\n1845. Mr. Clement was Secretary, and Mr. Snow was Treasurer. This man-\\nagement continued for a long time, but how long is not certain. Probably,\\nhowever, until after 1855, with few changes.\\nMANUFACTURING INTERESTS.\\nThe main work being done here by machinery is that confined to the\\nflouring-mills. Messrs. Fish. Witkins Co. now occupy the old Benedict\\nSteam-Power Mill, which has a capacity for grinding twenty-five barrels of flour\\nper day.\\nThe Riggs Spilman Mill, built in 1865, at a cost of $8,000, grinds 145\\nbushels of grain every twenty-four hours, by the aid of steam-power.\\nIn 1867, a company composed of John M. Fish, Robert Cooper and George\\nBliss Co., built the Star Mills at a cost of $29,000. The capacity of this\\nmill is 100 barrels every ten hours, steam-power. It is a magnificent brick\\nstructure, one of the largest in this part of the country.\\nOne of the enterprises of the past is the large porkhouse started in 1865\\nby Manning Caldwell. It passed through various hands, and finally died in\\n1875.\\nThere is also the B. Walz Brewery, a fine building put up in 1868. There\\nwere formerly two breweries, but in one the clang of the machinery is no longer\\nheard.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "528 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nMONUMENTAL.\\nIn honor to the memory of the fallen soldiers, a monument was erected here\\nin 1866, at a cost of |500. The names thereon recorded are these Gabriel\\nDennis, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry David Dennis, do. Charles A. Michael,\\ndo. Homer C, Gibhs, do. James McDonell, do. John Scott, Seventh do.\\nCourtland Brown, do. Charles Gardner, do. Benjamin F. Crispin, do.\\nWilliam L. Myrick, Forty-seventh do. Noyes Chesman, Thirty-sixth do.\\nThomas G. Robb, do. Michael Kerfman, do. William Martin, do. Robert\\nB. Miller, do. Capt. T. B. Hale, do. Louis Myers, do. James Matton, do.\\nW. P. Shipley, do. C. L. Ladd, do. C. Moulton, do. Samuel Houghs, do.\\nD. Gushwa, do William McKissie, do. Thomas McKissie, Sixth do. Will-\\niam Bradley, do. Thomas Fullerton, do. Robert Fullerton, Eighth do. Jus-\\ntice Stauber, Eleventh do. John Pickrell, Tenth do. A. C. Field, Seventh\\ndo. John Marshall, Fourth do. W. Woodruif, Seventh do. I. Cumpson,\\nThirty-sixth do. Levi Matthews, Eleventh do. George Noe, Seventh do.\\nWilliam H. McGonagal, do. A. Morton, do. J. Burgoine, do. J. Barber\\ndo. Z. Pike, do. James Secret, do. John Secret, do. S. A. Warner, do.\\nThomas Reed, Thirty-sixth do. Charles Andrews, do. G. W. Nicely, do.\\nPeter Stuber, do. H. C. Lyman, do. H. M. Lyman, do. A. W. Lyman\\ndo. Henry C. Gordon, Eighth do. William R. Ross, Forty-seventh do.\\nWilliam N. Mayers, Thirty-sixth do. Albert Barnard, Twenty-third do. N\\nB. Gordon, Twenty-second do. Thomas R. Robb, Eighth do. P. W. Baker\\nThirteenth do. John Walters, do. J. F. Watkins, Thirty-third do. William\\nWarner, Thirty-sixth do. Charles Starkey, Seventeenth do. H. Warner, Sev-\\nenth do. Jacob Brown, Fifteenth U. S. Isaac Stanley, Twenty-fifth 0. B.\\nWilliam Heacock, Fourth Cavalry Thomas P. Gray, Third do. James Jordan,\\nSeventh do. Hiram D. Wolf, Eighth do. Henry C. Wolf, do. John McDole,\\ndo. Secretary J. C. Stoddard, Fifty-sixth U. S. C. I.\\nThe village of Eddyville at present contains five dry goods stores, three\\ngroceries, three drug stores, two hardware stores, two millinery, two leather\\nand saddlery, one boot and shoe, one clothing, one furniture, one undertaker,\\none woolen goods store, one marble works, two lumber-yards, one brewery, one\\nsaw-mill, three grist-mills, one wagon manufactory, one graded school, one\\nopera-house, one private bank, two hotels and about seven hundred inhabitants.\\nThe Keokuk Des Moines and the Central Iowa Railroads run through the\\noutskirts of the village. incidental.\\nProlific in startling incidents Eddyville is not. There was, however, a little\\nexcitement on the 7th day of May, 1851, which is remembered as one of the\\nrainiest of rainy days, and from that time forward for forty days the skies\\npoured their volumes of water down upon Iowa. The Des Moines River rose\\nto an unprecedented height thirty-seven feet by actual measurement and from\\none bluff to another it was a rushing, foaming sheet of water. Corn was planted\\nthis season with water in the furrows, and the farmers wore their overcoats as\\nthey put the seed in the ground. Eddyville was overflowed, and a man of the\\nname of Roberts, quite tired of having no substantial resting-place for the sole\\nof his foot anywhere on his premises, tore down his house, and putting the\\nremains on a flat-boat, ferried the dismantled home across into Pleasant Town-\\nship, Monroe County, and commenced the village of Bridgeport. Others\\nfollowed suit, and in a little while there were twenty families in the neighbor-\\nhood.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 529\\nThe population of Eddyville at this time had grown to be about three hun-\\ndred, and these were obliged to leave their houses and to take refuge in the\\nupper story of Benedict s mill, while others fled to the hills. None, however,\\nwere drowned.\\nThere have been but three high crimes committed in this place. These\\nwere murders. Johnson, a Virginian, stabbed and killed one Vance, in 1861,\\nthe basis of the trouble being a difference of opinion on the political situation,\\nand, it being war times, matters waxed warm. Johnson was tried for the crime,\\nbut was acquitted on some unknown grounds. Two years afterward, however, he\\nmet his fate. He was thrown from a wagon, about ton miles south of Ottumwa,\\nand his head was crushed on a stone. He was found dead by the roadside.\\nIn 1862, one Harding shot and killed John Powell, a Kentuckian. The\\ntrouble grew from the same cause as did the former one. After doing the kill-\\ning, Harding repaired to his house, sat down to breakfast with a revolver at\\neach hand, and when the officers came, defied them. He was allowed to remain,\\nand, at the close of the meal, escaped, hired a livery team and was driven to\\nSigourney, where he enlisted in the Union army and received the commission of\\nCaptain.\\nScarcely had the season of 1862 began to fade, when a disreputable woman\\nnamed Mrs. Craven shot and instantly killed Jim Humphrey, alias Buckeye.\\nThe woman, through supposed perjury, was never indicted. She afterward\\nmoved East and married.\\nThere have been three large fires here. The first came in 1866, and\\ndestroyed the depot and two freight warehouses, occasioning a loss of ^50,000.\\nIt is thought the conflagration was the work of an incendiary.\\nOn December 6, 1873, there came a memorable fire, destroying |50,000\\nworth of property, including buildings and wares, and owned as follows One\\nstore. Fish Dunlap store, Dunlap store, Caldwell store. Chamberlain\\ndwelling-house, Roberts Brothers. The origin of the fire is a mystery.\\nA depot was accidentally burned in 1875, the loss being $10,000.\\nELDON.\\nThe town of Eldon is surveyed upon the bank of the Des Moines River, on\\nSection 27, Town 71 north. Range 12 west, being in the civil township of\\nWashington. The history of this section is an exceedingly interesting one.\\nThe site bf the present prosperous place is but a few miles from the scene\\nof Black Hawk s victory, lowaville. Van Buren Co., and also of the great\\nchieftain s death and original place of burial. The history of those event is\\ngiven in another portion of this Avork.\\nThe early settlement of what is now Washington Township dates back into\\nante-treaty days. John B. Groover, a German, located on the site of Eldon,\\nnear where the roundhouse now stands, before the treaty of 1842. He built\\na cabin there, but was driven off by the Government troops, in compliance with\\nthe law. After the 1st of May, 1843, he returned and lived upon his claim\\nabout three years, when he died. He was buried upon an eminence in the\\nnorth part of the present town. The Chicago, Rock Island Pacific Railroad\\nwas surveyed over his unmarked grave, and the men who graded the hill scat-\\ntered his bones, little thinking that they were thus dishonoring the resting-\\nplace of the original settler of Eldon. This fact furnishes food for comment\\nfor those who are disposed to treat of the advancement of civilization.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "530 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nOther old settlers of the township are mentioned in Judge Hendershott s\\naddress, given in the general history.\\nThe town of Eldon has many peculiar advantages. It is located in a rich\\ntownship, well wooded, well watered, and underlaid by rich coal deposits. The\\nDes Moines River, has, while running the distance of the town, a fall of several\\nfeet. Manufacturing might be carried on with profit to those who invested their\\ncapital in such enterprises.\\nThe township of Washington was among the first organized, in 1844. The\\nfirst schoolhouse was erected that year, in the northwestern portion of the town-\\nship. John H. Nicholas was the first teacher employed. Thomas Ping was the\\nfirst Justice of the Peace. The first sermon was preached by Silas Garrison,\\nprobably in 1844. The first post ofiice was opened by Thomas Ping, at Ash-\\nland, in 1844, The first election took place at Ashland, October, 1843, when\\nfifty votes were polled.\\nAshland, or Old Ashland, as it is now called by the settlers, was once\\nthe center of commerce in Washington Township. It was designed early after\\nthe influx of settlers, and promised to become a place of note. It was on the\\nroad to Agency from the south, being upon the southeast quarter of Section 9.\\nIt grew apace, and boasted of numerous advantages over other towns. It was\\nsurrounded by a rich agricultural region, and was settled by a good class of\\nmen. Thomas Ping was the owner of the plat, which was dated in 1845. The\\nMethodist Episcopal Church was organized there by Rev. Thomas Kirkpatrick,\\nin 1843.\\nIn 1854, the Ashland Seminary was established. It was under the auspices\\nof the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was the first school of that character in\\nthe county. It was managed by a Board of Trustees, and Lewis Dwight, for\\nmany years a teacher in Greencastle College, Indiana, was engaged as Principal.\\nThey had a good, substantial building of brick, 30x50 feet, and two stories high.\\nThere was a famous bank, and many other metropolitan institutions. In\\n1856, the place had three stores, a steam mill, a hotel (kept by Thomas Ping),\\ntwo churches (Methodist Episcopal and Methodist), two physicians and a\\nwagon and cooper shop.\\nThe town is now no more. Most of the lots are annually cultivated as\\nfarms. The failure to secure railroad lines killed the place.\\nA RAILROAD TOWN.\\nEldon is decidedly a railroad town. Its origin was due to the construction\\nof the K. D. M. Road. A flag station was located on the site of the present\\ntown shortly after the road was opened, and named Ashland Crossing.\\nSubsequently, the little place was called Williamsburg, and a post office\\nestablished there, with Bert. Loftus, Postmaster.\\nIn 1861, William Riordan settled on the site, and, with John Flynn,\\nTimothy Ryan, Jere Keiff and perhaps a few others, formed the beginning\\nof the town. William Flint put up a saw-mill.\\nSo the prospects of the place improved, and when the Chicago, Rock Island\\nPacific Road pushed its Southwestern Division to that point, the fate of the\\ntown was decided. In 1870, the town of Eldon was laid out, by Judge J. M.\\nLove, Col. George Gillaspy, Hon. Edward Johnston, Col. William Leighton\\nand George Williams. The platting and surveying were done by 0. Baldwin,\\nof Keokuk. Among the first to settle there were James Bradley, Peter Mul-\\nvany, Martin Dooley, John Donohoe, W. H. Cross, Ed. Dibble, Patrick Russell,\\nJ. C. Nelson, and others.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 531\\nINCORPORATION.\\nIn 1872, Eldon was incorporated. The first officers were D. K. Taylor,\\nMayor John Donohue, A. L. Twing, Adam Blair, J. C. Nelson and F. X.\\nKaffer, Trustees Ed. Dibble, Recorder Peter Mulvany, Treasurer. Since\\nthen the Mayors have been: 1873\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A, L. Twing; 1874\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ed. Dibble (Mr.\\nDibble resigned and the vacancy was filled by G. M. B. Myers 1875 E. Myers;\\n1876\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. Mosely; 1877-78\u00e2\u0080\u0094 T. C. Boorn. Recorders: 1872-73\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ed. Dib-\\nble; 1874-75\u00e2\u0080\u0094 L. A. Young; 1876-78\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. C. Nelson. Treasurers: 1872-74\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Peter Mulvany 1875\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. Parkhurst 1876\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Peter Mulvany; 1877-78\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJ- CHURCHES.\\nThe Catholic religion is the strongest of any in the place, but a peculiar\\nseries of accidents have befallen the repeated efforts of the members. Three\\ntimes a church edifice has been begun, and once nearly completed, only to be\\ndemolished by windstorms. Such renewed disaster has naturally left its mark\\nupon the town, since it is young and not overwealthy. The energy of the\\nCatholics is commendable, however, and that they will soon have a suitable place\\nof woi ship, there is little doubt. Services are maintained in such places as can\\nbe used for the purpose.\\nThe Methodist Episcopals and the Methodists have united in erecting a neat\\nchurch building, where services are held by the Agency City Pastor, Eldon\\nbeing; a part of that charge.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nThe town feels a just pride in its schoolhouse, which is a very fine building,\\nand large enough to meet the requirements of the place for some time to come.\\nThe present teachers are the Messrs. Harrell. The first meeting held by the\\nindependent district Board was on the 28d of April, 1872. F. H. Kaffer was\\nPresident and J. E. Alverson, Secretary.\\nPOST OFFICE.\\nThe post ofl ce was established at Eldon, shortly after the survey was made\\nin 1870. E. I. Cummings was the Postmaster. E. T. Roland it the present\\nincumbent, and the second officer Eldon ever had.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nAlthough Eldon has no paper at present, there have been no less than four\\ndifferent publications at that place. First came the Eldon Herald, by Mr.\\nMorehouse, in the summer of 1873. The effort failed after about three months\\ntrial. Then came the Elden Messenger, about November 1, 1875, by Mr.\\nMessick, which lasted through six or seven weekly issues. Then appeared the\\nEldon Times, under the charge of Dr. J. E. Alverson, and a good paper he\\nmade of it, too a fact attested by the life of the little journal. In June, 1876.\\nTunis A. Bentley became editor and ran the paper until July 21, when he\\nchanged the name to that of Western News. In the winter of 1877-78 Jesse\\nMarkee bought the office, but finally suspended the paper in April or May,\\n1878.\\nODD FELLOWS.\\nOn the 18th of August, 1850, at the town of Black Hawk, Van Buren\\nCounty, opposite lowaville, Pulaski Lodge, No. 28, was established, with twelve\\nmembers. The location remained unchanged for more than two years, when,\\nin October, 1852, the Lodge was taken to lowaville, and the name changed to", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "532 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nlowaville Lodge, No. 28. In 1863, it suspended work, and so remained until\\nMay 26, 1872, when thirteen members, viz., W. H. Cross, J. E. Alverson, B.\\nF. Welch, T. M. Taylor, T. P. Kelley, T. Barnes, T. B. Allen, J. Beatty, E.\\nT. Roland, D. Yeoder, J. C. Nelson, J. W. Nicholas and W. H. Nicholas, of\\nMagnolia Lodge, No. 24, of Agency City, were granted the privilege of remov-\\ning the Lodge to Eldon, and changing the name to Eldon Lodge, No. 28. The\\ncharter, in accordance with the above, was granted October 17, 1872, and, on\\nthe 27th of December of that year, the Lodge was removed to Eldon, where it\\noccupied a rented hall until 1876, when it built a lodge room of its own, which,\\nwith fixtures, is valued at $1,400,\\nSince the removal of the Lodge, a portion of its members have withdrawn to\\nform Floris Lodge, No. 272, and Van Buren Lodge, No. 350. The present\\nmembership is ninety-five, all in good standing. It has paid out in benefits\\n$1,586.65. It has buried three of its members. A Rebekah Degree is main-\\ntained in fine condition, with a membership of thirty-one.\\nFIRES.\\nThe young town has met with far more than its proportion of losses by fire.\\nThe first heavy conflagration occurred on the morning of November 22, 1875.\\nIt broke out in the Valley Hotel, in a portion used as a saloon. The Parker\\nHouse adjoining was next to take fire. This building was not used as a hotel,\\nbut two of the lower rooms were occupied as grocery stores, and some of the\\nupper rooms were also used for various purposes. The wind changed, and\\nthrew the flames toward the Ashland House, which was the property of the C,\\nR. I. P. R. R., and was a very fine building, used as a depot hotel. The\\nrailroad ticket office and freight depot were the next to suffer, and were entirely\\nconsumed. The landlord of the Ashland House was the heaviest individual\\nloser by this fire. Very little of his personal property was saved. The total\\nloss by the fire was not far from $10,000.\\nThe second heavy fire began June 13, 1876, in J. D. Baker Son s store,\\nwhich was in a building owned by Peter Faust. The flames were communi-\\ncated to the buildings on the southwest, occupied by Mike Shanahan, thence to\\nWilliam Huston s property, and thence to the Iowa Hotel, which was occupied\\nby N. W. McKee. The total loss was probably about $9,000, with $3,500\\ninsurance.\\nTHE FUTURE PROSPECTS.\\nThe old D. V., or more recently the Keokuk Des Moines Railroad,\\nhas now passed into the hands of the C., R. I. k Pacific Company, and Eldon\\nis the junction of these two important branches of a powerful road. The\\nroundhouse and repair-shops are located at this point. The Company has\\nsignified its intention to put in a large amount of sidings, to accommodate the\\nincreased business. A new bridge is also proposed, which will be made double,\\nor for both teams and railroad traffic.\\nThe town has fine schools, a good church interest and a fine lodge of Odd\\nFellows. It is a thriving, energetic place, eager to go ahead and willing to\\nkeep its own end of the work up.\\nNaturally it is very well located. The river flows by it, and has a marked\\nfall in a very short distance, thereby affording opportunity for manufacturing\\nenterprises at little expense. The town is healthy, and is situated in one of\\nthe finest agricultural portions of the county. It is a good place for young\\nmen to locate in.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELI COUNTY. 533\\nIn 1870, the trade of the place could be summed up in short order. Mrs.\\nWicks opened the first general store, and E. Cummins the second, in 1871.\\nAt present there are three general stores, two drug stores, a bakery, three meat\\nmarkets, one millinery store, a tin-shop, a shoe-shop, two blacksmith-shops, a\\nbarber-shop, three hotels, a saw and grist mill, a lawyer and three physicians.\\nAGENCY CITY.\\nAgency City, as the outgrowth of the Indian Agency, is one of the most\\ninteresting points in the county, in an historical sense. The early history of\\nthat particular section of country embraced in the boundaries of the first settle-\\nment, the tract given by Wapello to Gen. Street s fiimily and the later village\\nof Agency City is so fully and accurately sketched in the able papers written\\nby Major John Beach, and given elsewhere in this volume, that but little need\\nbe introduced here in the special chapter on the town.\\nThe village was the work of several men, who were assured that the future\\ntown would be at some point near, but not at the old Agency. The duty of\\nentering the land and arranging preliminary matters was unanimously intrusted\\nto Capt. George Wilson, son-in-law of Gen. Street, and the manager of the\\nPattern Farm, that supposed grand scheme for civilizing and educating the\\nIndian. The farm was no more successful than the farmer was practical.\\nCapt. Wilson was a graduate of West Point, and had led an army life on the\\nfrontier, but was not suited to the position of farm instructor to the Indians.\\nThe plan was a foolish one to begin with, and the enterprise did not prove\\nbeneficial.\\nThe town was vaguely conceived of early in the days which followed the\\nopening of the county to the whites.\\nTHE FIRST STORE IN AGENCY\\nwas opened by Shaphat Dwire, who was also the first Postmaster. The latter\\nfact proves that Dwire began business in 1848, because the post office was\\nestablished that year. This latter statement many a man still living will\\nremember as true, by reason of the mail he knew was in the office but which\\nhe could not get out, from lack of the needful quarter of a dollar with which\\nto pay the postage. Letters were frequently left undisturbed for weeks on\\naccount of the impossibility to get money enough to pay for them.\\nThe history of this town is so admirably told by Maj. Beach that we hasten\\non to a later date.\\nAgency City was begun in 1843. Rev. B. A. Spaulding wrote letters to\\nthe Home Mission Society, from this county, in the spring of 1844, and by\\nthese indisputable documents we learn much that could not otherwise be\\ndefinitely shown. The letters referred to are given in full on pages 374 and\\n376 in this work, and need not be reproduced here. They settle certain dis-\\nputed points relative to priority of religious movements, and come like a voice\\nfrom the grave to supply missing data.\\nTHE RELIGIOUS HISTORY\\nof Agency City is not obtainable in full detail from the church records now on\\nhand, as many of those valuable books are mislaid or lost. We therefore turn\\nto the letters of that good man, Mr. Spaulding, and transcribe from them these\\nfacts.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "534 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nThe first letter, in the spring of 1844, tells us that Agency City was then\\ninformally laid out. The original plat, however, is lost and were it not for\\nMr. Spaulding s testimony, there would be a lack of written proof of this fact.\\nThe letter continues On the 27th of October (1843, because the letter was\\nwritten in the spring of 1844), a Congregational Church was formed in this\\ntown, consisting of six members, three males and three females.\\nOn the next Sabbath a Methodist class was formed, consisting of six.\\nThe writer, in conversation with Rev. R. B. Allender, a pioneer Meth-\\nodist clergyman, in charge of the Agency City M. E. Church at present, and\\nwho began his ministerial labors in the Territory in 1837, was informed by him\\nthat the Methodists were the first to organize a class at Agency City, under the\\nsupervision of that worthy man. Rev. Thomas Kirkpatrick. The evidence\\noifered is of a character to warrant the statement that the two churches were\\nalmost simultaneous in their formation.\\nAt the present time, the Congregational society no longer exists in Agency\\nnor does the Presbyterian society continue There are but two religious bodies\\nin the town one the Methodist Episcopal, which is a strong and prosperous\\nbody, and the other the Baptist, which is also well maintained. The former,\\nas has been said, is presided over by Rev. R. B. Allender, while the latter is under\\nthe pastoral charge of Rev. E. Dudley. The Baptist Church edifice was erected\\nin 1858. The Methodist edifice in 1854. We regret the absence of ofiicial\\nrecords of the latter society, by which we could obtain a list of the several\\nPastors. The first minister was Rev. Thomas Kirkpatrick, whose name is indis-\\nsolubly associated with all early Methodist movements in this region. Mr.\\nDudley is one of the pioneer movers in the Baptist field, and the existence of\\nthe society is largely due to him.\\nTHE SCHOOL\\nin Agency City is an admirable one, conducted on the district plan. There are\\nfive divisions, under the charge of Mr. A. Hull, assisted by Misses Lillian\\nWilliams, A. M. Rowell, L. E. Hill and Fannie La Force. The district em-\\nbraces a sufficiently large area to render the school very convenient and econom-\\nical, and the people of the town are justly proud of this evidence of intelli-\\ngence.\\nSECRET SOCIETIES.\\nThere are lodges of the three leading secret orders maintained in the town.\\nThe Masonic lodge is the oldest, dating back to June 6, 1850, when its charter\\nwas issued. The name chosen is Olive Branch Lodge, No. 21. The original\\nofficers were S. P. Yeomans, M. Willis Griffing, S. W. S. E. Griggs, J. W.\\nLuther M. Davis, S. D. John Wiley, J. D. James Weir, Secretary John\\nPriest, Treasurer William Griggs, Tiler.\\nPresent officers are C. D. Bailey, M. J. M. Murray, S. W. J. P. Grout,\\nJ. W. D. A. La Force, Treasurer J. B. Pilcher, Secretary J. C. Bryan,\\nS. D. S. M. Brown, J. D. M. E. Andrew, Tiler. Membership, fifty.\\nThe Odd Fellows are also an old body. Magnolia Lodge, No. 24, was char-\\ntered October 27, 1852. The present officers are J. P. Grout, N. G. William\\nHill, V. G. E. T. Sage, Secretary F. J. Turner, P. Secretary A. Wiley,\\nTreasurer; S. Ryan, W. J. C. Vass, 0. G. B. A. Brown, I. G. J. A.\\nIsrael, R. S. N. G. F. Streblow, L. S. N. G. J. B. Pilcher, R. S. V. G.\\nWilliam Dillon, L. S. V. G. J. R. Myers, C. C. N. Smith, R. S. S. W.\\nJ. Warren, L. S. S.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 535\\nThe Encampment was chartered October 21, 1874. The charter members\\nwere: T. D. Lyon, J. A. Israel, E. T. Sage, G. M. B. Myers, J. R.\\nMyers, C. Myers, F. G. Turner, Thomas Plumber, W. J. Warren, Parish\\nGarner, J. P. Grout, A. E. Lyon. The title is Agency City Encampment,\\nNo. 67. The present officers are: C. Wood, C. P.; G. W. Clevenger, S. W.;\\nA. Cain, H. P.; G. L. Littler, S.; C. N. Smith, Treasurer; F. G. Turner,\\nGuide.\\nA Rebekah degree is also maintained under the title of Evening Star Lodge,\\nNo. 81, chartered October 19, 1876, with the following members G. L. Lit-\\ntler, Mrs. M. J. Littler, F. G. Turner, Mrs. M. V. Turner, A. Wing, Mrs. M.\\nJ. Wing, William Hill, Mrs. N. Hill, E. T. Sage, Mrs. E. J. Sage, G. W.\\nShaw, William Hatfield, Mrs. M. E. Hatfield, William H. Brooks, Mrs. L.\\nBrooks, S. Ryan, Mrs. M. Ryan, William Cole, Mrs. M. Cole, J. Hardin, Mrs.\\nM. Hardin, N. J. Richards, Mrs. M. Richards, C. Wood, Mrs. J. Wood, M. J.\\nWarren, Mrs. D. Warren, G. W. Clevenger, Mrs. M. Clevenger and J. W.\\nDunbar.\\nA lodge of the Knights of Pythias is sustained. The charter is dated\\nFebruary 8, 1876, and the following first officers were installed, under the title\\nof Crystal Lodge, No. 30 J. A. Israel, P. C; Eugene Chilson, C. C;\\nG. L. Littler, V. C; G. B. Wheaton, P.; W. J. Warren, M. of E.; N. I. Rich-\\nards, M. of F.; S. Ryan, K. of R. and S.; A. Wing, M. at A.; J. Q. Wood,\\nI. G.; John Hannawalt, 0. G. The present officers are: D. A. La Force, P.C.;\\nA. Wing, C. C: A. Smutz, V. C; G. B. Wheaton, P.; D. A. La Force, M.\\nof E.; S. Ryan, M. of F.; J. B. Pilcher, K. of R. and S.; H. B. Wagers,\\nM. at A.; William Hill, I. G.; W. A. Covertson, 0. G.\\nTHE OFFICIAL ROSTER.\\nThe oldest plat of the village now extant is dated November 10, 1848.\\nThis document is a well-drawn plan of the town, and has, also, a map of the\\ncounty attached. It is the work of Capt. Wilson, who was an experienced\\nCivil Engineer.\\nThe charter was granted by County Judge J. H. Flint, January 6, 1859.\\nThe application was made for incorporation September 21, 1859, by a commit-\\ntee composed of J. Q. A. Dawson, B. B. Allen, J. T. Rowe, Thomas Lyon\\nand Joseph R. Myers. The first election was held in March, 1859. The fol-\\nlowing list shows the Mayors, Recorders, Treasurers, Trustees and Marshals\\nfrom that time to the present date\\n1859 Mayor, Jesse Brookshire Recorder, J. H. Cartright Trustees,\\nJ. Q. A. Dawson, Edward Dudley, Samuel Packwood, Mathew Hixon, E, D.\\nBlack Marshal, E. F. Hoffslatter Treasurer, J. S. Wheaton. Jonathan\\nPound served a part of the year as Mayor.\\n1860 Mayor, Gideon Myers Recorder, J, A. Starr Treasurer, J. S.\\nWheaton Marshal, S. T. Rowe Trustees, Calvin Blythe, E. D. Black, Simeon\\nChaney, M. Hixon, George Springer.\\n1861 Mayor, Gideon Myers Recorder, J. A. Starr Treasurer, J. S.\\nWheaton; Marshal, H. C. Miner; Trustees, B. Blythe, M. Hixon, E. D. Black,\\nJohn Fullen, P. B. Sprague.\\n1862 Mayor, R. Banks Recorder, E. Brown Treasurer, J. S. Wheaton;\\nMarshal, J. R. Myers Trustees, A. L. Chamberlin, J. Montgomery, J. Ful-\\nlen, E. G. White, M. Hixon.\\n1863 There are no records of the Council meeting for this year. It is\\nsaid they were purposely destroyed.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "-536 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n1864\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mayor, J. T. Rowe Recorder, W. H. Foulke Treasurer, J. S.\\nWheaton Marshal, T. D. Lyon Trustees, M. Hixon, J. P. Grout, J. Fullen,\\nJ. Montgomery, W. F. Lyon.\\n1865 Mayor, J. Q. A. Dawson Recorder, J. H. Cartright Treasurer,\\nJ. S. Wheaton Marshal, A. L. Chamberlin Trustees, M. Hixon, C. Myers,\\nJ. W. La Force, B. Jennings, J. P. Grout.\\n1866 Mayor, Joseph Myers Recorder. E. H. Sage Treasurer, J. S.\\nWheaton Trustees, J. Q. A. Dawson, C. Myers, William H. Foulke, J. P.\\nGrout, Thomas Foreman.\\n1867\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mayor, E. G. White Recorder, E. H. Sage Treasurer, J. Mont-\\ngomery Marshal, Thomas Foreman Trustees, J. Fullen, G. M. B. Myers,\\nB. F. Jennings, J. P. Grout, C. Bailey.\\n1868 Mayor, N. A. Woodford Recorder, J. M. Murray Treasurer,\\nT. M. Wilcoxson Marshal, Thomas Foreman Trustees, J. Fullen, G. M. B.\\nMyers, M. Hixon, H. B. Wagers, J. P. Grout.\\n1869\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mayor, N. A. Woodford Recorder, E. S. Best Treasurer, T. M.\\nWilcoxson Marshal, Thomas Foreman Trustees, J. Fullen, H. B. Wagers,\\nM. Hixon, J. P. Grout, G. M. B. Myers.\\n1870\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mayor, N. A. Woodford; Recorder, Eli Allen; Treasurer, N. A.\\nWoodford Marshal. H. 0. Covertson Trustees, A. Roberts, M. Hixon, J.\\nFullen, G. M. B. Myers, J. P. Grout.\\n1871 Mayor, Eli Allen; Recorder, H. B. Wagers; Treasurer, N. A.\\nWoodford; Marshal, Thomas Foreman; Trustees, M. Hixon, J. P. Grout,\\nA. Roberts, G. M. B. Myers, J. Fullen.\\n1872 Mayor, Eli Allen; Recorder, S. M. Brown; Treasurer, N. A.\\nWoodford; Marshal, T. D. Lyon; Trustees, M. Hixon, J. P. Grout, G. M. B.\\nMyers, J. Fullen, A.. Roberts.\\n1873 Mayor, William Shadford was elected in March, but resigned and\\nwas succeeded by J. Myers, and he in turn by W. D. Horton Recorder, S.\\nM.Brown; Treasurer, T. M. Wilcoxson Marshal, William Walker; Trustees,\\nJ. Q. A. Dawson, C. N. Smith, C. D. Shadford, C. Bailey, J. P. Grout.\\n1874 Mayor, William D. Horton Recorder, S. M. Brown Treasurer,\\nJ. C. Johnson Trustees, J. J. Hicks, J. Fullen, A. Roberts, S. Ryan, G. M.\\nB. Myers Marshal, William Walker.\\n1875 Mayor, J. Q. A. Dawson Recorder. S. M. Brown Treasurer,\\nJ. Q. A. Dawson Marshal, William Walker Trustees, C. A. Bryan, J.\\nFullen, J. R. Myers, J. M. Murray, A. Roberts.\\n1876 Mayor, Robinson Myers Recorder, A. T. Graves Treasurer, J. Q.\\nA. Dawson Marshal, F. R. Walker Trustees, D. A. La Force, C. N. Smith,\\nA. Roberts, C. A. Bryan, J. P. Grout.\\n1877 Mayor, A. Roberts Recorder, A. T. Graves Treasurer, J. Q. A.\\nDawson Marshal, T. C. Walker Trustees, C. D. Bailey, W. A. Covertson,\\nJ. Fullen, E. H. Sa.^e, D. A. La Force.\\n1878 Mayor, A. L. Chamberlin; Recorder, J. B. Pitcher; Treasurer,\\nJ. Q. A. Dawson; Marshal, T. C. Walker; Trustees, D. A. La Force, C. D.\\nBailey, C. N. Smith, J. M. Murray, C A. Bryan.\\nTHE PRESS.\\nThe first newspaper published at Agency City was called the Agency City\\nNewsboy^ and was started by William Axline, in 1869. This was continued\\nuntil the spring of 1871, when the office was moved to Chariton, Lucas Co.\\nThe next paper was the Agency Independent, which was moved from Eldon in", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY. 537\\nthe spring of 1874, and managed by C. L. Morehouse. In 1875, W. F.\\nMoeller bought the oiEce and continued it for a time. February 14, 1878,\\nC. J. Best became proprietor, and is still publishing the paper.\\nMILLING INTERESTS.\\nThe first mills erected in this place were built in 1851, by D. G. Farns-\\nworth. The mill was first a saw-mill, but a run of stone was added. The pres-\\nent business is conducted by Mr. Farnsworth, who does merchant and custom\\nmilling, and also has a saw-mill attached.\\nC. A. Bryan Son have a mill of the same character, with the exception\\nof the sawing machinery. In place of that a woolen-mill is operated, where\\nfinished yarns are made.\\nOTHER MANUFACTURING CONCERNS\\nof a local nature are carried on in town, and a general commercial business is\\nconducted by numerous firms.\\nThe town is beautifully located on a high, level tract of land, which is at\\nonce healthful and delightful as a place of residence. The Chicago, Burling-\\nton Quincy Railroad passes through the place, and the Company has erected\\nfine depot buildings.\\nThe line of the road passes near the\\nGRAVES OF GEN. STREET AND WAPELLO,\\nand the Company recently placed substantial and appropriate stones over the\\nresting-place of these noted men.\\nCHILLICOTHE.\\nThis town is situated on the Des Moines, in Cass Township, on Section 36,\\nTown 73 north. Range 15 west. It is on an elevated and beautiful tract of\\ncountry, and in a healthy locality. The Chicago, Burlington Quincy Rail-\\nroad runs through the place. There is a fine supply of stone and coal in the\\nneighborhood of this village. The business interests are of a local character.\\nChurches and schools are maintained.\\nIn February, 1845, A. J. Wicker located in the vicinity of Avery Creek,\\nand, in 1849, platted the .village of Chillicothe. The first house on the plat was\\nerected for Rev. A. J. Pierce, a Methodist minister. Mr. Wicker was of that,\\ndenomination, and the sect became a strong one there. The region was then a\\npart of the White Breast Mission, which extended from Knoxville to a point\\nopposite Ottumwa, on the west shore of the Des Moines River. The first\\nreligious sernces held in the vicinity were held in a house near the present\\nburying-ground, by Rev. James F. New. The Rev. William W. Knight and\\nRev. M. H. Hair were among the early ministers. The Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch was organized about 1848. The present society has an edifice in the\\nvillage, Avhich is the only church there. Rev. Charles J. Norton is the Pastor.\\nThe post ofiice was opened in 1849, with A. J. Wicker, Postmaster. Since\\nthen, the office has been held by W. A. Nye, N. Poston, J. J. Ellison, J. G.\\nHenshaw, S. P. Heacock, and F. M. Bush.\\nThe first store was opened by Peter Young. Subsequently, W. A. Nye\\nSon did business there. The village now has three general stores and one drug\\nstore. There is a blacksmith and a wagon-shop there.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "538 HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nJ. G. S. P. Heacock run a well-appointed grist-mill, which has a capacity\\nof 300 bushels a day, and do both custom and merchant milling. J. M. Hull\\nhas a saw-mill in the village, and J. M. J. E. Hull have another saw-mill in\\nPolk Township.\\nA well-sustained lodge of Odd Fellows is maintained, called Chillicothe\\nLodge, No. 115. The Lodge was instituted December 15, 1857, and chartered\\nOctober 14, 1858. The original applicants were J. J. Ellison, A. F. Durant,\\nJ. H. Griffith, N. W. Dowd, G. W. Dickson, D. Henshaw and F. M. Hender-\\nson. The first officers were: D. HenshaAv, N. G. N. W. Dowd, V. G.\\nG. W. Dickson, Secretary J. H. Griffith, Treasurer. The present officers are\\nF. M. Browning, N. G. G. W. Wise, V. G.; J. M. Hull, Secretary J. E.\\nHull, Treasurer.\\nAbout 1870, a lodge of the Sons of Temperance was formed, but dit not\\ncontinue long, and was succeeded by a lodge of Good Templars, called Chilli-\\ncothe Lodge, No. 605, with the following members J. M. Hull, A. X. Hen-\\nshaw, E. J. Bailey, J. S. Burtin, H. G. Anthony, D. G. Henshaw, L. C.\\nMorton, M. K. Horner, M. M. Henshaw, L. L. Johnston, Josie Hull, H. D.\\nLane, J. F. Hull, L. A. Blaokman, J. G. Henshaw, K. A. Warren, J. E. Wad-\\ndington, J. N. Markle, D. Henshaw, S. P. Heacock, S. V. Sampson, L. R.\\nButin, S. H. Webb, G. L. Warren, F. M. Bush, J. E. Hull, M. A. Butin, D.\\nJohnston, H. P. Johnston. At present, the Lodge is not in operation.\\nKIRKVILLE.\\nThis village lies on Sections 7 and 8, Town 73 north. Range 14 west, in\\nRichland Township. Richland was one of the first townships organized in the\\ncounty, in 1844. The village of Kirkville has grown up because of the excel-\\nlence of the country roundabout and the thickness of the settlements in the\\ntownship. Richland had, in 1875, 1,411 inhabitants. Kirkville has two church\\norganizations, the Methodist Episcopal being the elder. The Methodist Epis-\\ncopal society was organized by Rev. Thomas Kirkpatrick, about 1844, and\\nwas incorporated in 1852. The first house was built in 1852-53. The present\\nedifice, in 1870. It was dedicated in September of that year, and is valued at\\n^4.000. The present membership is 208. There is another church, under the\\ncharge of the Kirkville Pastor, located in the township of Richland, with a\\nmembership of fifty Rev. Mr. Graham, Pastor.\\nThe Presbyterians were organized into a society at Eddyville, in 1850, and\\ntransferred to Kirkville, March 15, 1854. Rev. S. Cowles was the first Pastor.\\nMembership at organization, 8 present membership, 120. Rev. J. M. Mc-\\nElroy, of Batavia. supplies the pulpit. The church edifice was completed in\\n1876, and dedicated in February of that year. The cost was |4,700.\\nThere is a good grist-mill in the village. The mercantile business is con-\\nducted by two general stores. The schools are maintained in good style.\\nBLAKESBURG.\\nBlakesburg, in Adams Township, was laid out in 1852, by Mr. T. Blake.\\nIt is situated upon a high, rolling prairie, adjoining a heavy body of woodland,\\nand in the vicinity there is an abundance of coal. The land around the place,\\nfor fertility and beauty of scenery, cannot be surpassed by any other in the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n539\\ncountry. Four years after it was laid out, it contained nearly five hundred\\ninhabitants. There was one good grist and saw-mill, four dry goods stores,\\nthree blacksmith-shops, one wagon and plow shop, one cabinet-shop, one\\nshoemaker, one gunsmith, one tailor, and one saddler and harness-marker. The\\nprofessions were represented by three physicians, two ministers, and one law-\\nyer. The Methodists and Baptists were both putting up houses of worship.\\nThe town is at present in as flourishing a condition as could be expected for one\\nwhich is so far removed from railroads.\\nDAHLONEGA.\\nThe town of Dahlonega is situated in the township of the same name, upon\\nthe border of a fine rolling prairie. The town was regularly laid out with a\\nlarge public square in the center. It formerly went by the name of Shellbark,\\nfrom the fact that the first houses were built of shellbark-hickory logs. Wood,\\ncoal and water are abundant and easy of access. Early in 1850, it contained\\nabout one hundred and fifty inhabitants, three stores, one tavern, a comfort-\\nable schoolhouse, a blacksmith-shop, and a portable saw-mill. Six years later,\\nthe records show the population to be about three hundred, with two packing-\\nhouses for beef and pork, a public hall, a new brick schoolhouse in process of\\nerection, an extensive pottery, and a general advancement in all branches of\\nbusiness. At present it is not growing. Other towns have eclipsed this one-\\ntime aspirant for county seat honors.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "ft\\nEH\\nCO\\nW\\nH\\n1\\nQ\\no\\noo\\ntH\\n1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1\\n00\\nO\\np^\\nw\\nw\\nh^\\npp\\nw\\no\\nk1\\nO\\nO\\ntzT\\npel\\nO\\np\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I\\nO\\nP^\\nP^\\nP5\\ni-l\\nEH\\nEH\\nH\\no\\no\\nH\\n00\\nJ\\nO\\nm\\nH\\nH\\nO\\nO\\nEH\\n{2i\\nW\\nW\\nH\\ni\\nH\\nCO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jeijBa\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pj^qaiaa\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Bdiiuqd\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2310U\\n-judJiJi^^\\nI CC O I 00 oo CO O I l VO CO IC o\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0*i(:c,-:coiO:DO OOi-iiO!M\\nrt C^ .-H rt ,-1\\nCOOOiOiCOOt^COOSIMOOSOCO\\nOOr^Oi-HCO-*-*QCX)C5 -iCOiO\\nrt M 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 rH\\nWCCOi-iOO-^OSO^iOTft-CD\\n1-1 (M i-( i-l 1-1 1-1\\nC lLO-*i-i(MCOiOTf\u00c2\u00ab0-*0;0(M\\n1-1 (M r- \u00e2\u0080\u0094I 1-1\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2nosduioqx\\n\u00c2\u00ab0 00 00\\nCD CO 1^\\ncq CO (M\\nCO i- 00\\nO (M\\nCO M\\nC^ Oi\\nti (M CO\\n-7^ CO C 1\\nlO CO\\nc; 1^ o\\n1-1 (M I l\\nt~ CO\\nc; lO OS\\nOq CO ^1\\nTt 00 CO\\nrH Ttl\\nC^ CO IM\\nCO 00 lO\\n(M lO\\nrH M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2paasuMox\\nTtl Ttl O\\nTjl CO rH I\\nrH (M\\nrH C35 I^\\nCO Ol C^\\n(M IT^ (M\\nor CD\\nCD t~\\n(M CO -M\\nCC rH\\n00 v-C O\\nrH S^\\n(M CO IM\\n-*l CO rH\\nrH\\n00 r- t^\\n(M CD Tfl\\n!M (M (N\\ndd^n^\\nCD O iC I\\n00 o o\\nrH (M\\nlO CO i^l\\nCO O (M\\n(M CO (M\\n(M rH\\nT^ CD 1-1\\nrH IM\\nt- Ol CO\\nlO rH 1^\\n(M CO C^\\nO CO U3\\n00 lO O\\nrH (M\\nr~ uO 02\\n(7q O rH\\nCS CQ (N\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uiJinnfojn\\nCO O\\nTt( CD rH\\nCD (N 00\\nCD CO t^\\nM CO (M\\nto CO CO i\\n00 lO o\\nT} lO o\\n(N 05 Oq\\nM (M \u00e2\u0080\u00a2M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2snnaa\\nCO O\\n1^ CD ri\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0H Cq\\nsjcn\\n00 CO CD I\\n00 lo o\\nrH (M\\nM lO CO\\n(M 02 rH\\n(M M (M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2IinH\\nCD TtH 00\\nCD CO t^\\nC^ CO (M\\nr* CO CD\\n00 t^ O\\nrH M C^l\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0aosdniBg\\n00 O CO\\n00 T 00\\nS^ CO !M\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2nspUX\\nO CO\\nCO CO lO\\n(M CO O^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sa^BH\\n(MGOCDMOiOt^OOCOOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OTtl\\nCDCDCOt-Ct^OOi-iCDOi MOCO\\nrH (M rH ,-1 rH (M rH\\nt^ Tt OS\\nO .0 CO\\nCO CO CO\\n_, ei 3\\na; ho o\\nOl PL,\\np^ -J\\nfee I g .b\\ng 3 S fe X\\njc:)oo\u00c2\u00bboWWPHPHtf^o", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD.\\nTAKEN PRINCIPALLY FKOM ADJUTANT GENERAL S REPORTS.\\n.^:BEI2.ET7-I.\u00c2\u00a3i.TIO:tTS.\\nAcljt Adjutant\\nArt Artillery\\nBat Battle or Battalion\\nCol Colonel\\nCapt Captain\\nCorp Corporal\\nComsy Commissary\\ncom commissioned\\ncav cavalry\\ncaptd captured\\ndesrtd deserted\\ndisab disabled\\ndisd discharged\\ne enlisted\\nexcd exchanged\\ninf infantry\\ninv invalid\\nI. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry-\\nkid killed-\\nLieut Lieutenant\\nMaj Major\\nm. o mustered out\\nprmtd promoted\\nprisr prisoner\\nRegt Regiment\\nre-e re-enlisted\\nres resigned\\nSergt Sergeant\\ntrans transterred\\nvet veteran\\nV. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps\\nwd wounded\\nhon. disd honorably discharged\\nSECOND INFANTRY.\\n[Note. The non-veterans of Ihin regimtnt were muttered\\nout at expiration of their term of service in April, May and\\nJune, 1S6U- The veterans and recruits wire consolidated into\\nsix companies, known as the Second Veteran Infantry. The\\nSecond Veteran Infantry urns consolidated to make a full regi-\\nment with the Third Veteran Infantry, Nov. S, 186U, and was\\nmustered out at Louisville, Ky., July it, 1865.\\nQ. M. Alonzo Eaton, com. Ist lieut Co. K May 28, 1861\\nprmtd. Q. M. Aug. 7, 1861.\\nCompany G.\\nPhilip Q. Ston er, e. May 6, 18G1, disd. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nCox, Samuel, disd. June IH, 1862.\\nStamper, G. C, e. Aug. 26, 1862.\\nCompany K.\\nCapt. Chas. C. Cloutman, com. May 28,1861, killed at Fort\\nDonelson.\\nCapt. Ermon E. Mastick, e. as sergt. May 6, 1861, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. Sept. 19, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 1, 1861,\\nprmtd. capt. Feb. 16, 1862.\\nFirst Lieut. Jno. E. Mobley, e. as sergt. May 6, 1861,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 18G1, prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb.\\n16, 1862, disd. for wds. Aug. 20. 1862.\\nFirst Lieut. Geo. W. Blake, e. as sergt. May 6, 1861,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 16, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug.\\n20, 1862, \\\\vd. at Corinth.\\nSecond Lieut. Fredk. W, Hawley, com. May 28, 1861, res.\\nSept. 14, 1861.\\nSecond Lieut. Thos. K. Rausb, e. as corp. May 6, 1861,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. at Corinth.\\nFirst Sergt. R. P. Caldwell, e. May 6, 1861, trans, to Co. I\\n1st Iowa Cav.\\nSergt. Jas. H. McCIure, e. May 6, 1861.\\nSergt Wm. H. Norris, e. May 6, 1861.\\nSergt. Wm. C. Holden, e. May 6,1861.\\nSergt. Z. M. Cook, e. May 6, 1801. wd. at Fort Donelson,\\ndisd. July 7, 1862.\\nSergt. S. Kirkpatrick, e. May 6, 1861.\\nSergt. Benj. E. Hammitt, e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Don-\\nelson.\\nSergt. Z. McAllister, e. May 6, 1861, disd. May 9, 1862.\\nSergt. Edwin Johnson, e. May 6, 1861.\\nCorp. Jno. Morrison, Jr., e. May 6, 1861.\\nCorp. Young J. Powell, e, May 6, 1861.\\nCorp. Jesse Buckner, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Nov. 6, 1861.\\nCorp. Stephen Osboin, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Sept. 15, 1861.\\nCorp. S. S. Shearer, e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson,\\ndied of wds. March 27, 1863.\\nCorp. Thos. Gallagher, e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson.\\nCorp. Adam L. Saum, e. May 6, 1861, deserted April 29,\\n1862.\\nCorp. Wallace Weed, e. May 6, 1S61, wd. at Columbus,\\nKy., died Jan. 16, 1863.\\nCorp. H. Deller, e. May 6, 1861.\\nCorp. W. H. Henderson, e. May 6, 1861, kid. at Corinth.\\nCorp D. A. Sergeant, e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson.\\nCorp. Jos. Berkey, e. May 6, 1861, kid. at battle of Ft.\\nDonelson Feb. 15, 1862,\\nMusician Jas. White, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Aug. 5, 1862.\\nWagoner Matthias Alcott, e. May 6, 1861.\\nAyres, Wm., e. May 6, 1861.\\nAsnian, Louis, e. May 6, 1861.\\nBosworth, D. C, e. May 6, 1861, died Oct. 26, 1861.\\nBrock, F. A., e. May 6, 1861.\\nBell, Dora, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Sept. 5, 1861.\\nBlake, James, e. May 6, 1861, kid. battle F t Donelson.\\nBosseo, Hermann, e. Mav 6, 1861, deserted July 31, 1861.\\nBrooks, Job., e. Mav 6, 1861, deserted Sept. 9, 1861.\\nCoen, John, e. Mav 6, 18(;i.\\nCole. W. W., e. Sept. 4, 1862.\\nCoyne, B., e. May 6, 1861.\\nCochran, Wm., e. May 6, 1861, died May 22, 1862.\\nCoffin, Wm. A., e. Mny 6, 1861.\\nComstock, James, e. May 6, 1861.\\nChadd, Daniel, e. May 6, 1861.\\nChadd, Wesley, e Mav 6, 1861.\\nCook, David, e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson.\\nDay, Eliae, e. May 6, 1861.\\nDrake, Wilson, e. May 6, 1861, died at Corinth, Miss.\\nDurbin, Levi, e. May 6, 1861, captd. at Corinth Oct. 5, 62.\\nDewitt, Jas. P., e. Dec. 14, 1863.\\nDavis, Nelson, May 27, 1861, disd. July 29, 1862.\\nEnslow, Daniel T., e. May 6, 1861, died at St. Louis.\\nElerick, Shannon, e. May 6, 1861.\\nFulton. M.,e. Deo. 21, 1863.\\nGoodall, Wm. H., e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": ")42\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nGee, Wm. M., e. May 6, 18G1, disd. Feb. 1, 1862.\\nGrubby, W. B., e. May 6, 1861, disd. Dec. 28, 1861.\\nGraves, Geo W., e. May 6. 1861.\\n}rave8, Alfred H., e. May 6, 1861, disd. Nov. 6, 1861.\\nGoulden, M., e. Dec. 19, 186.3.\\nHarrison, S. F e. May 6, 1861, died at Ft. Donelson.\\nHolmes, T. D., e. May 6, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson.\\nHampton, John, e. May 6, 1861, kid. at Ft. Donelson.\\nHarper, Geo., e. May 6, 1861, died Jan. 9, 1862.\\nIlarpor, James, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Nov. 6, 1861.\\nKilpatrick, B., e. Dec. 12, 1863.\\nKirkpatrick, W. T., e. May 6, 1861, kid. at Ft. Donelson.\\nKrutz, John K., e. Sept. .30, 1862.\\nLyon, R. E., e. May 6, 1861.\\nLottridge, George, e. May 6, 1861.\\nLankford, H. C, e.May 6, 1861, disd. Sept. 14, 1862.\\nMartin, C. L., e. May 6, 1861.\\nMcGuire, Wm. e. May 6, 1861, died Sept. 17, 1861.\\nMcDonough, Geo., e. Sept. 2, 1862.\\nManro, N. F., e. May 6, 1861, disd. Dec. 19,1861.\\nPhillips, Samuel, e. May 6, 1861.\\nPhillips, Bosler, e. Sept. 1, 1862.\\nParker, Geo., e. May 6, 1861, disd. April 1, 1862.\\nKeed, Wm., e. May 6, 1861.\\nReams, C. F., e. Dec. 14, 1863.\\nRiipe, John, e. May 6, 1861, disd. Oct. 31, 1861.\\nSterling, Jos., Sept. 2, 1862.\\nSouth, M., e. Sept., 1862.\\nThompson, A. S., e. May 27, 1861, wd. at Donelson, diach.\\nThallheimer, S., e. May 6, 1861.\\nTrim, Wm. E., e. May 6, 1861.\\nVance, Jos. H., e. Mav 6, 1861.\\nVarner, Jas., e. May 6, 1861, disd. Oct. 9, 1862, disab.\\nWishart, E. H., e. May 6, 1861.\\nWoodward, Jas. M., e. Sept. 4, 1861.\\nWhite, A. M., e. Sept. 16, 1862.\\nCOMPANY UNKNOWN.\\nCarroll, B. F., e. Feb. 22, 1864.\\nFrench, Morris, e. Aug. 16, 1862.\\nThorp, N. P.\\nSECOND VETERAN INFANTRY.\\nQ. M. Alonzo Eaton, com. Aug. 7, 1861, from 2d Inf. capt.\\nand A. Q. M. U. S. V. June 30, 1864.\\nCompany A.\\nSylvester, John W., e. May 3, 1864.\\nCompany C.\\nSecond Lieut. Thomas K. Kaush, com. Aug. 20, 1862, from\\nGo. K, 2d Inf May 21, 1864, kid. at Atlanta.\\nCompany C-\\nstamper, G. C, e. Aug. 29, 1862.\\nCompany K.\\nFirst Lieut. Sanford Kirkpatrick.\\nSergt. William 0. Holden, e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 63.\\nCorp. Young J. Powell, e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nCorp. T. D Holmes, e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nCoen, John, e. May 6, 1861.\\nChllder-s, P. R., e. Nov. 2.5, 1861.\\nCole, William W., e. Sept. 1, 1861.\\nDay, Elias, e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nFarnsworth. William, e. Feb. 1, 1861.\\nGallagher, Thomas, e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 28, 1863.\\nGraves, George W., e. May 6, 1861, ret. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nHascal, Samuel, e. Jan. 15, 1864.\\nKirkpatrick, Wade, e. Feb. 24, 1864.\\nKrutz, .lobn R., e. Sept. 30, 1862.\\nLyon, R. E., e. May 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nLockwood, J. W., e. Jan. 21. 1864.\\nLocker, W. H., e. Sept. 8, 1862.\\nMcDonough, George, e. Sept. 2, 1862.\\nMick, Henry, e. Feb. 19, 1864, died at Chattanooga, Tenn.\\nPhillips, Bosler, e. Sept. 1, 1862.\\nSterling, Joseph, e. Sept. 2, 1862.\\nSouth, Michael, e. Aug. 20, 1862.\\nSheppanl, D. M., e. March 31, 1862.\\nThallheimer, S., e. May 6, 1862, vet. Dec. 26, ISa?.\\nWishart, E. H., e. Mav 6, 1862.\\nWhite, A. M e. Sept. l6, 1862.\\nAVoodnard, J. M., e. Sept. 4, 1862.\\nWykoff, S. D., e. Jan. 16, 1862.\\nSECOND CONSOLIDATED VETER-\\nAN INFANTRY.\\nCompany A.\\nFirst Lieut. Jacob C. Mowrey, e. as private June 8, 1861\\nprmtd. to 2d lieut. Jan. 22, 1865, prmtd. to 1st lieut.\\nMarch 24, 1865.\\nCritchfield, Elliott, e. June 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nCompany F.\\nGoodwin, George W., Jan. 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 17, 1863, disd.\\nJuly 3, 1865.\\nCompany I.\\nBall, H. H., e. May 21, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCompany K.\\nFirst Lieut. Sanford Kirkpatrick, com. Nov. 10, 18^,\\nfrom com. sergt.\\nSEVENTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This lieyiment was mustered out at Louisville Juk/\\nIS, 1865.]\\nLieut. Col. Saml. Mahon, e. as Ist lieut. Co. F, July 24,\\n1861, prmtd. capt. June 12, 1862, prmtd. major June\\n13, 1865, prmtd. lieut. col June 13, 1865.\\nQ. M. Stiles E. Forsha, com. Aug. 6, 1861, prmtd. Ist lieut.\\nCo. I, capt. and com. of sub.\\nCom. Sergt. Andrew J. Horton.\\nCompany C.\\nMcDonough, E. C, e. March 31, 1864.\\nCompany D.\\nGebel, Geo., e. Feb. 8, 1864.\\nGutterman, Jacjb, e. Feb. 15, 64, wd. at Lay s Ferry, Ga.\\nCompany E.\\nChambers, J. G., e. July 28, 1861.\\nDoll, Jno., e. July 28, 1861.\\nFairchild, H. C, e. July 28, 1861.\\nStrange, e. July 28, 1861.\\nCompany F.\\nCapt. Chas. W. Kitteridge, com. July 24, 1861, wd. at\\nBelmont, resd. June 11, 1862.\\nCapt. Chas. J. Sergent, e. as private in 1861, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. June 12, 1862, prmtd. capt. Aug. 7, 1861, wd.\\nAug. 11, 1864, died at Ottiimwa.\\nCapt. Peter Hennegin, e. as private in 1861, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. Aug. 3, 1864, prmtd. Capt. June 1, 1865.\\nFirst Lieut. Orran S. Russell, e. as private in 1861, wd.\\nat Corinth, prmtd. Int. lieut. June 1, 1865.\\nFirst Sergt. Wm. W. Farley, e. July 11, 1861, kid. at Bel-\\nmont Nov. 7, 1861.\\nSergt. Stevens W. Merrill, e. in 1861.\\nSergt. Chas. G. Grout, e. 1861, trans, toud Ala. A. D., aast.\\n1st. lieut. March 1, 1864.\\nSergt. Hiram Balcom, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 26, 1863, wd.,\\ndisd. June 1, 1865.\\nSergt. John Hammitt, e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, disd.\\nSept. 19, 1862\\nCorp. Geo. F. House, e. 1861, disd. Jan. 9, 1863.\\nCorp. Wm. W. Johnson, e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, disd.\\nOct. 20, 1862.\\nCorp. Seth. Sampson, e. 1861, disd. March 25, 62.\\nCorp. A. W. Neighbor, e. 1861, kid. at Corinth.\\nCorp. Cyrus Sumard, e. 1861.\\nCorp. W. Carroll, e. 1861, captd. at Belmont, Mo.\\nCorp. E. S. Beardon, e. 1861.\\nCorp. Wm. H. Litsey, e. 1861, died of wds. May 22, 1864.\\nBartlett, Ulysses, e. 1861, wd. at Corinth, disd. Aug.\\n13, 1863.\\nBartholomew, Wm., e. 1861.\\nBackus, D., e. Feb. 13, 1864, died at Nashville, Tenn.\\nBackus, Wm., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nBuckner, 0. S., e. Jan. 25, 1864, kid. in battle of Oostan-\\naula River, Ga.\\nBrown, C, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 26, 1863, died at Rome, Ga.\\nBuckner, E., e. Jan. 25, 64, died at Jeffersonville, Ind.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n543\\nBearden, E. W., e. 1861.\\nBridenstine, D., e. Jan. 25, 1864.\\nBowman, John, e. 1861, vet. Dec 24, 1863.\\nBroadhead, Elisha, e. Feb. 10, 1862, vet. Feb. 11, 1864.\\nBrown, Ira, e. 1861, vet Dec. 26, 1863.\\nCarman, J. B., e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nCrossen, F. M., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 26, 1863, trans, to Co. G,\\n111th U. S. Inf., as lat lleut.\\nOowan, G, G., e. Dec. 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nEvans, Josiah B., e. 1861, kid. in battle of Belmont.\\nDavis, J. D., e. Dec. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nDavis, Wm. M., e. Dec. 25, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec.\\n24, 1863.\\nDoak, Jno., e. Dec. 16, 1861, wd. at Corinth, vet. Dec.\\n24, 1863.\\nKldridge, John, July 11, 1861, died Oct. 26, 1861.\\nFrank, Joseph, e. 1861, deserted July 25, 1861.\\nFoster, J. C, e. Jan. 18, 1864.\\nGregory, E. C, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 26, 1863.\\nGodfrey, Wm., e. July 11, 1861, kid. in battle of Belmont.\\nGodfrey, Lewis, f 1861, disd. April 2, 1862.\\nHarris, Aaron, e. Dec. 17, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1803.\\nHulls, Silas, e. July 11, 1861, kid. in battle of Belmont.\\nHennegin, Jas., e. Feb. 4, 1864.\\nUnits, Jno. M., Feb. 6, 1864.\\nHarness, John, e. 1861, died Oct. 20, 1862, of wds. received\\nat Corinth.\\nKitterman, J. H., e. Feb. 20, 1804.\\nKitterman, Samuel, e. Dec. 16, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nKlumpe, Jno. H., e. July 11, 1861.\\nKent, Jas. h.., e. Jan. 27, 1864.\\nKessler, Geo., e. July 11, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nLewis, Washington, e. July 11, 1801, died Nov. 2, 1861.\\nLyle, Jos. K., e. 1861, disd. April 26, 1862.\\nLoug, Esquire, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 26, 1863, disd. Aug.\\n5, 1S64.\\nMcDonald, Wm. H., 1861, disd. March 28,1862.\\nMoser, A., e. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nNewell, Isaac F., e. 1861, disd. Nov. 6, 1861.\\nPickerel, Wm., e. 1861, captd at Belmont Nov. 7, 1861,\\nvet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nRybolt, S., e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nReam, Sara l M., e. 18G1, wd. at Shiloh, was trans, to\\nInv. Corps Aug. 13, 1863.\\nRobinson, John D., 1861.\\nSmith, Geo. L., e. Jan. 18, 1864.\\nSherley, Jos., e. 1861, wd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nSimmons, A., e. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nSales, Stephen, e. July 11, 1861, died Oct. 17, 1861.\\nSergent, Wm. G., e. Feb. 18, 1864.\\nSwift, A. E., e. Feb. 4, 1864\\nStevens, Ezra, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nSmith, Andrew, e. Dec. 5. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nStocker, Daniel, e. Feb. 10, 1862, vet. Feb. 11, 1864.\\nWalden, Calvin, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nThomas, Wm., e. 1861, kid. at Corinth Oct. 4, 1862.\\nVan Winkle, Alex., e. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nVoss, Henry, e. 1861, wd. at Belmont and Corinth.\\nWright, Elisha, e. July 11, 61, kid. at battle of Belmont.\\nWilson, Jas. H., e. 1861, wd. at battle of Belmont, vet,\\nDec. 26, 1863.\\nWortman, David, e. 1861, disd. Nov. 1, 1861.\\nWortman,Wm., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nWhite, Geo. H., e. 1861, kid. at battle Corinth, Oct. 4, 62.\\nWilkee, H. C e. 1861.\\nWithered, Henry, e. Feb. 8, 1864.\\nCompany I.\\nCapt. Jas. M. Irviu, com. Aug. 2, 1861, lieut. col. First\\nAla. Vol., A. D., May 20, 1863.\\nCapt. Benj. S. Barbour, e. as sergt., 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut.\\nOct. 3, 1802, prmtd. capt. May 21, 1863.\\nFirst Lieut. Charles Gardner, e. as sergt. 1861, prmtd. 2d\\nlieu i. Sept. 21, 1861, prmtd. Ist lieut. Oct. 17, 1861,\\nwd. at Belmont and died at Mound City, 111.\\nFirst Lieut. Wm. H. Robinson, e. as sergt. 1861, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. Oct. 17, 1861, prmtd. Ist lieut. Nov. 22, 1861,\\nresd. Feb. 26, 1862.\\nFirst Lieut. Frank A. Irvin, e. as sergt. 1861, prmtd. let\\nlieut March 1, 1862, wd. at Corinth, m. o., Aug.l, 64,\\nterm expired.\\nFirst Lieut. Geo. W. Lozenhy, e. as private 1861, prmtd.\\niBt lieut. Jan. 1, 1865.\\nSecond Lieut. Jno. Wilcox, e. as sergt. 1861, wd. at Bel-\\nmont, Mo., prmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 22, 1801, resd. Sept.\\n26, 1862.\\nSergt. Jno. T. Wallen, e. 1861, disd. March 28, 1862, for\\nwds. received at Belmont.\\nSergt. Jas. B. Muurmert, e. 1861, disd. July 3, 1862.\\nSergt. Levi Baldwin, e. 1861, disd. March 11, 1862.\\nSergt. Bobt. M. Jones, e. 1861. disd. March 11, 1862.\\nSergt. Andrew J. Horton, e. 1861, prmtd. to com. sergt.\\nOct. 1, 1862.\\nCorp. Wm. H. Evans, c. 1861, wd. at Belmont, Mo., disd.\\nApril 28, 1862.\\nCorp. Jas. H. Long, e. 1861, disd. Dec. 5, 1801.\\nCorp. Andrew Robb, e. Aug. 11, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nCorp. Jesse Barber, e. 1861, disd. Sept. 14, 1861.\\nCorp. H. C. Nosier, e. Aug. 11, 1861, wd. at Belmont, disd.\\nMarch 28, 1862.\\nCorp. M. V. Bedel, e. 1861.\\nCorp. Allen John, e. 1861, disd. March 28, 1862.\\nCorp. Adams Finley, e. 1861, disd. March 28, 1862.\\nBlair, Wm. J., e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nBurgoyne, T. J., e. 1861, died July 11, 1863, at Keokuk.\\nBonham, F. N., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nBillings, S e. 1861, disd. April 10, 1862, disab.\\nBeemer, Jos., e. 1861.\\nChattin, H., e. Feb. 1, 1864.\\nCahill, .John, e. 1861. vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nClark, Jas. C, e. 1861.\\nChambers, J. G., e. Aug. 1, 1861, disd. March 11, 1862.\\nCrespen, Benj. F., e. 1801, wd. at Belmont, Mo., disd.\\nJuly 3, 1862.\\nConwell, John B., e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, vet. Dec. 24,\\n1863.\\nCulver, Geo., e. 1801, disd. March 29, 1802.\\nChidester, Benj. F., e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, disd. Feb.\\n24, 1862.\\nChidester, Jas. A., e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, and died Nov.\\n13, 1861.\\nChattin, Wm., e. June 9, 1803.\\nEdmonds, M. A., e. 1861, disd. April 28, 1862.\\nEastwick, Fred F., e. Nev. 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nFields, A. C.,e. Jan. 21, 1864, wd.at Lay s Ferry, Ga., died\\nat Chattanooga.\\nGish, John H., c. Jan. 21, 1864.\\nHall, H. H., e. 1861, disd. March 28, 1862.\\nHarding, W. H., e. Doc. 17, 1803.\\nHaskulson, Jas., e. 1801, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nJanes, J., e. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nKing, Jas., e. 1861, kid. in battle at Corinth Oct. 3,\\n1862.\\nLazenbee, Cassius, e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, Mo., disd.\\nMarch 28, 1862.\\nLazenbee, Geo. W., e. 1861.\\nLawson, Geo., e. 1861.\\nLawson, Hamilton, e. 1861, disd. Feb. 24,1862.\\nMcGoDigal, J., e. Feb. 1, 1864.\\nMcGonigal, Wm. H., e. 1861, kid. at battle of Corinth.\\nMcDonougli, Jas., e. 1861.\\nMyrick, Thos., e. 1861, wd. at Belmont, disd. Dec. 23\\n1801.\\nMurniert, Jacob, e. 1801, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nMatthews, Levi, e. 1861, died Jan. 15, 1862.\\nMyers, David, e. 1861, disd. Jan. 15, 1862.\\nMurray, Jas., e. 1861, kid. at battle of Shiloh.\\nNoe, Geo., e. 1861, kid. in battle of Belmont Nov. 7, 1861.\\nNorth, Livingston, e. 1861, wd. at Lay s Ferry, died, date\\nunknown.\\nOlmstead, J. Q., e. 1861.\\nOlney, H. E., e. 1861, disd. May 11, 1863.\\nBice, Preston, e. Aug. 22, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson, vet.\\nDec. 24, 1803.\\nPike, Z. W., Feb. 1, 1804, died at Huntsville, Ala.\\nRhinesmith, W. G., e. Feb. 1, 1804, disd. Feb. 20, 1865.\\nSnow, Albert, e. Aug. 22, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nSnow, F. H., e. Feb. 1, 1804.\\nSecrist, James, e 1861, died Dec. 3, 1861.\\nSecrist, Jno. W., e. 1801, died Oct. 20, 1861.\\nStrange, Jere, e. .\\\\ug. 2, 1801, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nStevens, Geo. W., e. 1801, disd. Sent. 14, 1861.\\nScott, J. J., e. July 22, 1861, killed at Belmont, Mo.\\nSwinson, N., e. 1861.\\nStophee, Jno. H., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nSchwallen, Charles, o. 1801.\\nSpillman, Thos. I e. 1861, disd. Sept. 11, 1862.\\nTittsworth, S. H., e. 1861, disd. April 26, 1862.\\nVance, Wm., e. 1861, disd. Dec. 21, 1861.\\nWheeler, Chas., e. 1861, trans, to Co. E.\\nWoodruff, Jno. W., e. 1861, wd. at Lay s Ferry, died at\\nKeokuk.\\nWarner L., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nWarneri H., e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, captd. Feb. 21,\\n1865.\\nWeese, Sam l, e. 1861.\\nWeese, Jacob, e. 1861, died Oct. 19, 1861.\\nYoung, Wesley, e. 1861.\\nZorns, James, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "544\\nWAR KECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nFIFTEENTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This regiment was mustered out at Louisville,\\nKy., July 21,, i865].\\nCol. John M. Hedrick, com. Q. M. Dec. 23,*1861, prmtd.\\ncapt. Co. K Feb. 13, 1862, from 1st lieut. Co. D,\\nwd. at Shiloh, prmtd. Maj. Jan. 17, 1863, prmtd.\\nlieut. col. April 22, 1863, wd. at Atlanta, prmtd. col.\\nAug. 18, 1864, brevet brig. gen. March 13, 1865, m.\\no. Aug. 11, 1866.\\nMaj. James S. Porter, e. as sergt. Co. D, prmtd. 2d lieut.\\nFeb. 13, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, prmtd. capt. Jan. 19,\\n1863, prmtd. maj. Dec. 15, 1864.\\nCompany C.\\nShaw, Wm., e. March 28, 1864.\\nCompany D.\\nCapt. Gregg A. Madison, com. Nov. 1, 1861, wd. at Cor-\\ninth, resd. Jan. 18, 1863.\\nCapt. Wm. Fairborn, e. as private Dec. 1, 1861, prmtd 2d.\\nlieut. Dec. 15, 1864, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 31, 1865,\\nprmtd. capt. April J, 1865.\\nFirst Lieut. Charles Smock, e. as private 1861, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. Jan. 31, 1865, prmtd. 1st. lieut. April 9, 1865.\\nSecond Lieut. Charles M. I. Reynolds, com. Nov. 1, 1861,\\nresd. May 13, 1862.\\nSecond Lieut. William Addelman, e. as corp. Oct. 15,\\n1861, prmtd. second lieut. May 14, 1862, resd. Nov.\\n27, 1862.\\nSecond Lieut. E. M. Gebhart, e. as corp. Oct. 1, 1861, wd.\\nand captd. at Shiloh, prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 2, 1863,\\nkid. bat. Atlanta.\\nSecond Lieut. Edward A. Chamber s, prmtd. 2d lieut.\\nApril 9. 1865.\\nFirst Sergt. Wm. N, Brant, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. May 29,\\n1863, disab.\\nSergt. Benjamin F. Briscoe, e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Aug.\\n14, 1862.\\nSergt. Eugene S. Sheffield, e. Oct,, 1861.\\nSergt. Thomas J. Biggs, e. Oct. 15, 1861, trans. June 10,\\n1864, for prmtn. to 48th U. S. V.\\nSorgt. F. M. Majors, e. Oct., 1861, disd. April 28, 1865,\\ndisab.\\nSergt. Joseph Heckart, e. Feb. 1, 1862, vet. Feb. 2, 1864,\\nmissing near Atlanta.\\nCorp. R. M. Wilson, e. Oct., 1801, kid. near Atlanta.\\nCorp. Geo. W. Buchanan, e. Feb., 1862.\\nCorp. Edward G. Eastham, e. Jan. 20, 1862, disd. July 11,\\n1862, disab.\\nCorp. Wm. Arrick, e. Nov., 1861, trans. June 7, 1863, for\\nprmtu. to 13th La. Inf.\\nCorp. W. S. McLain, e. Oct. 15, 1861, captd. at Atlanta.\\nCorp. John G. Holloway, e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh.\\nCorp. John R. Rayburn, e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Dec. 16,\\n1862, disab.\\nCorp Samuel P. Reid, e. Feb. 24, 1862, wd. at Corinth,\\ndisd. March 21, 1803, disab.\\nCorp. Grimes Pennroy, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Aug. 1, 1862,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. V. M.Bird, e. Oct. 1, 1861, trans, to Co. K.\\nAdams, Hermann, e. Oct. 1, 1801.\\nArnold, John, e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Dec. 16, 1802, disab.\\nBenbow, E., e. Nov. 1, 1863, died at Atlanta.\\nBird, Frank, wd. at Corinth.\\nBird, Lycurgus, e. Jan., 1862, wd. at Shiloh and Corinth,\\nwd. and captd. near Atlanta.\\nBird, Milton, e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nBosvvorth, John S., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nBrant, H. W., disd. Aug. 29, 1802, disab.\\nBuchanan, Samuel, e. Feb. 1, 1802, wd. at Shiloh, disd.\\nJune 17, 1862, disab.\\nCarter, James W., e Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Nov. 17, 1863,\\ncaptd. place unknown.\\nCassell, John H., e. March 5, 1862, disd. Dec. 5, 1862.\\nClark, Adam.\\nClark, Andrew, e. Feb. 24, 1862, wd. at Shiloh and Cor-\\ninth, disd. March 5, 1863.\\nCook, Elijah, e. Feb. 20, 1862, disd. Aug. 27, 1862, disab.\\nCook, John, e. Feb 1, 1862, disd. March 5, 1862, disab.\\nCrouch, Geo. H., e. Sept. 8, 1862, missing in action near\\nAtlanta.\\nDeford, Philip, vet. Feb. 2, 1864, captd. near Atlanta.\\nElmer, Henry, e. Oct. 15, 1861, died May 15, 1802, of wds.\\nreceived at Shiloh.\\nEngland, H., e. Feb. 13, 1862, disd. Aug. 20, 1862, disab.\\nFarlin, Geo. W., e. Oct. 15, 1861, captd. at Atlanta.\\nFishburn, D. A., e. Sept. 8, 1862.\\nFisher, Wm. K., died June 5, 1862.\\nFoster, John, e. Feb. 1, 1862, disd. June 17, 1863, disab.\\nGates, H. H., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nGephart, Noah, e. Dec. 31, 1863.\\nGillespie, S. A., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nGray, William, e. Feb. 1, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, disd. June\\n17, 1862.\\nGray, William F., e. Feb. 1, 1862, disd. Aug. 13, 1802,\\ndisab.\\nGreen, Albert, e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nHammond, T. W., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nHarding, R. J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, died Jan. 11, 1862.\\nHendricksou, J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, died June 16, 1862.\\nHolmes, J. D., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nHoover, P., vet. Jan. 29, 1864, captd. at Atlanta.\\nHoover, Henry, e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 1863.\\nHouk, Wm., vet. Feb. 28, 1864.\\nHonts, 0. F., e. Nov. 1, 1861.\\nHoward, H., e. March 28, 1864.\\nHuflman, J., vet. Feb. 21, 1864, disd. July 26, 1865.\\nIrvin, A. A., e. Dec. 10, 1864.\\nJay, R. L., e. March 29, 1804.\\nJohnson, T. L., e. Dec. 14, 1862, died May 21, 1802.\\nKetchum, Wm., e. Jan. 1, 1802, died May 3o, 1862.\\nKreitzer, Adam, e. Jan. 20, 1862, died July 19, 1863.\\nKuhns, Samuel, e. Oct. 15, 1861, wd. at Corinth.\\nLair, Joseph, e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nLeonard, Martin, e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nLewallen, Pleasant, e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nLeslie, Thomas, e. Feb. 23, 1862, disd. Dec. 27, 62, disab.\\nLively, Elias, e. Jan., 1802, disd. Feb. 18, 1862.\\nMcConnell, Andrew, e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Dec. 31, 1863\\nwd. and captd. at Atlanta.\\nMcKinley, W. H., e. Dec. 25, 1862, disd. Aug. 5, 62, disab.\\nMcNutt, Wm., e. Oct. 21, 1861, disd. July 11, 1862, disab.\\nMasserva, Wm., e. Nov. 6, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec.\\n31, 1863, captd. at Atlanta.\\nMarshall, Calvin, e. Oct. 25, 1861, died May 26, 1862.\\nMarshaU, Clark, e. 1801, vet. Jan. 22, 1864.\\nMarts, Squire, e. Oct. 15, 1861, wd. at Atlanta.\\nMoore, John, e. Jan. 1, 1862, died Jan. 13, 1862.\\nMorgan, J. E., e. Oct. 15, 1861.\\nMoss, James, e. April 13, ls04.\\nNosier, J. H., e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd..at Shiloh, died April\\n27, 1862.\\nNeighbors, R., e. Oct. 1, 1861, died Jan. 25, 1862.\\nOwen, H. D., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Dec. 16, 1862, disab.\\nPalmer, Thomas, e. Oct. 1, 1801, vet. March 22, 1804, wd.\\nat Ezra Church.\\nPhillips, F., e. Oct. 1,1801, vet. Jan. 23, 04, wd. at Atlanta.\\nRayburn, Alex., e. Jan., 180.^, disd. Feb. 18, 1862.\\nRayburn, M., e. March 1, 1802, wd. at Shiloh, captd. at\\nAtlanta.\\nReynolds, E. M., e. Dec 30, 1863.\\nRiduour, W. I.,o. Oct. 1, 1861.\\nRush, Jackson, e. Dec. 1, 1801, disd. June 25, 62, disab.\\nRyan, Joseph, e. Jan. 1, 1S02, kid. in battle of Shiloh.\\nShaflner, Daniel, e. Jan. 1, 1802, died June 6, 1802.\\nShaw, Wm e. March 20, 1864, died Sept. 17, 1804.\\nShephard, W. W., e. Feb. 11, 02, disd. July 11, 62, disab.\\nShirley, John, e. 1801.\\nShreeves, Charles, e. Jan. 23, 1862, wd. at Shiloh.\\nSimmons, B. F., e. Feb. 24, 1862, died July 9, 1862.\\nSmock, Charles, e. 1861, vet. Dec. 31, 1803.\\nStewart, J. P., e. Feb. 11, 1862, disd. June 17, 62, disab.\\nThayer, 6.\\nThomas, Josiah, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Sept. 24, 1862.\\nTishue, W m. R., e. Oct. 24, 1861, died June 5, 1862.\\nTishue, John, e. in 1861, vet. Dec. 31, 1863.\\nTiick, Geo. W., e. Jan. 28, 1862.\\nTurner, Henry, e. Jan. I, 18t4.\\nVanskike, S., e. in 1861.\\nVincent, John D., e. Oot. 3, 1861.\\nWade, Absrtlom, e. Feb. 23, 1862, died Aug. 4, 1862.\\nWalker, Wm. H., e. in Nov., 1861.\\nWallace, Geo. W., e. in 1801.\\nWare, Geo. W., e. Sept. 8, 1802, disd. May 18, 1863, disab.\\nWellman, John, e. Nov. 10, 1801, wd. at Shiloh, disd.\\nAug. 20, 1862, disab.\\nWellman, M., e. Nov. 26, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died June\\n1, 1862.\\nWilcox, Alfred, e. Dec. 1, 1861.\\nWilkins, S., e. Feb. 1, 1862, wd. at Corinth.\\nWilliams, W. H. H., e. Oct. 1, 1861, trans, to Co. K Feb.\\n15, 1802.\\nWilson, Jos. R., died at Vicksburg.\\nWinkler, Juhn W., e. Oct. 1, 1801.\\nWinn, Chaa., e. in 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 1863.\\nWinters, Wm. B., e. Oct. 23, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd.\\nAug. 1, 1862, disab.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n545\\nZimmerman, G. W., e. Nov. 10, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd.\\nDec. 16, 1862, wds.\\nCompany I.\\nColenbrander, G. W., captd. at Shiloh, vet. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nCramer, John W., e. Nov. 10, 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 1863, miss-\\ning at Atlanta.\\nElrick, Chas., e. Dec. 16, 1861.\\nVan llout, C, e. Feb. 2, 1862, disd. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nZornes, Samuel F., e. Feb. 2U, 1862, vet. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nCompany K.\\nCapt. Thomas H. Hedrick, e. as Sergt., Oct. 1, 1861, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. June 1, 1802, prmtd. 1st lieut. Oct. 4, 1862,\\nprmtd. capt. Jan. 17, 1863, \\\\vd. at Atlanta, disd. Feb.\\n8, 1865.\\nCapt. Wm. B. McDowell, e. as private, Oct. 15, 1861,\\nprmtd. 1st lieut. July 22, 1864, prmtd. capt. Feb. 9,\\n1865.\\nSergt. S. H. Gillespie, e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864,\\nkid. near Atlanta.\\nCorp. A. R. Wilcox, e. Dec. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh.\\nCorp. Perry M. Bird, e. Sept. 20, 1861, vet. Dec. 6, 1863.\\nCorp. J. N. Noland, e. Feb. 3, 1862, trans, to Inv.\\nCorps Feb. 15, 1864.\\nAdams, H. H., o. Oct. 6, 1861, disd. Jan. 16, 1803, dieab.\\nBrandenburg, 0. S., e. Jan. 1, 1804.\\nBosworth, John S., e. Oct. 6, 1861, vet. March 13, 1864.\\nHolmes, John D., e. Nov. 1, 1861, kid. at Shiloh.\\nHoutz, C. F., e. Nov. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1804.\\nLair, Jos., e. Oct. 1, 1801, disd. March 11, 1803, disab.\\nLuallen, P., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Dec. 27, 1862, disab.\\nMorgan, J. N., e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. June 25, 1862, disab.\\nMorgan, Jos. E., e. Jan. 20, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nPownell, Jas., e. Feb. 1, 1862, disd. Nov. 25, 1862, disab.\\nRiley, John, e. Feb. 1, 1862.\\nRidnour, Wm. J., e. Oct. 1, 1861, died on hospital-boat\\nNov. 26, 1863.\\nSpears, John A., e. Jan. 6, 1862.\\nTraul, A. B., e. Feb. 28, 1862, died March 22, 1862.\\nWallace, Geo. W.. e. Oct 24, 1862, wd. at Shiloh.\\nWilliams, Wm. H. H., e. Oct. 1, 1862, wd. at Shiloh and\\nCorinth.\\nWarren, Lewis, e. Nov. 10, 1861, wd. at Corinth, disd.\\nFeb, 23, 1863.\\nWalker, Wm. H., e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at\\nAtlanta.\\nWycoff, Hazel, e. Feb. 20, 1862, disd. July 7, 1862, at\\nCorinth.\\nWinkler, John W., e. Oct. 1, 1861, kid. at Shiloh.\\nKetcham, Jacob, e. Feb. 25, 1862, died May 23, 1862, of\\nwds. at Shiloh.\\nHammond, T. W., e. Sept. 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, trans.\\nfor promotion in 1st Miss. Art. Oct. 23, 1863.\\nHendren, Wm., e. Jan. 1, 1862, died May 28, 1862.\\nSEVENTEENTH INFANTRY\\n[Note. This regiment was mustered out at Louisville July\\ni 5, 1865.]\\nCompany C.\\nFirst Lieut. Wm. J. McCormick, e. as sergt., prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. July 17, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut, July 23, 1863,\\nresd. Jan. 29, 1864.\\nCorp. Jas. J. Block, e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Missionary\\nRidge.\\nCorp. Samuel J. Myers, e. March 9, 1862, vet. March 18,\\n1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nBescoe, Henry, e. March 15, 1862, disd. Oct. 16, 1862, disab.\\nBescoe, Jos., e. March 5, 1862, vet. March 18, 1864, captd.\\nat Tilton, Ga.\\nBarnett, T. R., e. Oct. 27, 1863,.\\nHerin, Edmund, e. March 5, 1862.\\nMyers, Jas., e. March 7, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nCompany D.\\nCapt. John F. Skelton, e. as sergt., prmtd. Ist. lieut. Dec.\\n11, 1862, captd. and wd. at Jackson, Miss, prmtd. capt.\\nFeb. 11, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga., com. subs. U. S.\\nv., Jan. 23, 1805.\\nSecond Lieut. Nicholas Lunkley, e. as sergt. prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. July 30, 1865, m. o. as 2d sergt.\\nBelknap, F., e. March 25, 1862, vet. March 28, 1864, captd.\\nBollinger, P. H., e. March 18, 1S62, vet. March 20, 1864,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nFlower, John, e. March 14,1862.\\nLotsspeich, Geo. H., e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Missionary\\nRidge, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nMcCain, Hugh L., e. March 18, 1862, vet. March 18, 1864,\\ncapt. at Tilton, Ga.\\nMcCain, R. M., e. Feb. 4, 1864.\\nMorrow, F. M., e. March 18, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nMulford, H. W., e. March 21, 1862.\\nRalph, David, e. March 17, 1862, vet. March 25, 1864.\\nStevens, W. W., e. March 18, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nThompson, F. M., e. Feb. 5, 1862, wd. at Champion Hills,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nThompson, Jas. A., e. March 5, 1862.\\nTurner, Wm., e. March 12, 1802, kid. at battle of Cham-\\npion Hills.\\nWellen, Phillip, e. March 12, 1862, vet. March .30, 1864,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nCompany E.\\nCapt. Thomas Ping, com. April 5, 1862, captd. at Tilton,\\nGa., m. o. April 11, 1865, term expired.\\nCapt, Wm. F. Johnson, prmtd. 2d lieut. from sergt. Feb.\\n7, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 3, 1863, prmtd. capt.\\nJune 17, 1865.\\nFirst Lieut. Andrew J. Baker, com. March 13, 1862, resd.\\nJan. 20, 1863.\\nFirst Lieut. Amziah Hull, com. 2d lieut. April 5, 1862,\\nprmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 21, 1863, resd. June 2, 1863.\\nFirst Lieut. Cincinnatus F. Graves, prmtd. Ist lieut. from\\nsergt., wd. at Corinth and Vicksburg, June 30, 1865,\\nm. o. as sergt.\\nSecond Lieut. Milton L. Godley, prmtd. 2d lieut. from\\nsergt. wd. at luka, June 3, 1863, captd. at Tilton, Ga.,\\nhon. disd. Blarch 12, 1865.\\nSecond Lieut. J. H. Hamilton, prmtd. 2d. lieut. from\\nsergt. July 1, 1805, m. o. as sergt.\\nSergt. Andrew Huddleston, e. March 4, 1862, died Jan. 24,\\n1864, at Keokuk.\\nSergt. Wm. Walker, e. March 11, 1862, wd. at luka, died.\\nOit. 2, 1862, disab.\\nSergt Robert Miller, e. March 11, 1862, wd. at Missionary\\nRidge, disd. March 27,1865.\\nSergt. Ambrose Warren, e. March 3, 1862, disd. Dec. 11,\\n1862.\\nSergt. Elias Shearer, e. March 10,1862, vet. March 12, 64,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nSergt. H. C. Haydock, e. March 4, 62, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nSergt. B. Shearer, e. March 10, 1862, kid. at battle of Mis-\\nsionary Ridge.\\nSergt. Henry Segur, e. March 3, 1862, died at Corinth.\\nSergt. Wm. F. Hamilton, e. March 25, 1862, vet. March\\n27, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nSergt. Wm. F. Johnson, e. March 8,1862.\\nSergt. G. M. Cowger, e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Jackson,\\nMiss., disd. Nov., 1863.\\nCorp. Jas. W. Eugart, e. March 24, 1862, disd. Jan. 17, 63,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. Wm. McClease, e Feb. 27, 1 862, vet. March 2, 1864\\nCorp. Eli W. Myers, e. Feb. 28, 1862, disd. Dec. 10, 1862.\\nCorp. Benj. H. Schooler, e. March 18, 1862, wd. at luka,\\ndisd. April 3 1863.\\nCorp. John G. Dall, e. March 17,1862, wd. at Missionary\\nRidge.\\nCorp. David Stanton, e. March 3, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nCorp. G. R. C. Holberf, e. Feb. 25, 1862, wd. at Jackson,\\nMiss., trans, to Inv. Corps Nov. 11, 1863.\\nCorp. Isaac T. Newell, e. March 27, 1862, kid at Jack-\\nson, Miss.\\nCorp. Wm. I. Hanks, e. March 18, 1862, disd. Sept. 27, 62.\\nCorp. Geo. M. Shearer, e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Mission-\\nary Ridge, vet. March 12, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nAlderson, Curtis, e. March 8, 1862, vet. March 10, 1864,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nBurris, John, e. March 26, 1862.\\nBarber, Robert, e. March 7, 1862.\\nBiby, J. F., e. March 13, 1862.\\nChapman, J. T., e. March 14, 1862, wd. at Corinth,\\ndrowned at Mound City, III.\\nConley, Philip, e. March 11, 1802, disd. Sept. 3, 1862.\\nConley, R. R., e. March 11, 1802.\\nCampbell, S. N., e. March 15, 1802!\\nCarpenter, G. B., e. March 20, 1802, disd. Feb. 1, 1803.\\nDixon, W. H., e. March 11, 1862, disd. Dec. 10, 1862.\\nDeatherage, J. M., e. March 28, 1862, disd. Dec. 8, 1862\\nDeatherage, J. W., e. March 28, 1862.\\nDecker, John, e. March 26, 1802, disd. Jan. 18, 1863.\\nDecker, Adam, e. March 26, 1862, disd. March 11, 1863.\\nDavis, Friend, e. March 28, 1862, disd. Nov. 26, 1863.\\nFulton, Moses, e. March 13, 1862, disd. Dec. 8, 1862.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "546\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nGoe, B. F., e. March 11, 18G2, disd. Jan. 2v\u00c2\u00bb, 1803.\\nGreen, J. T., e. March 11, 1862, captd. at Tilton, 6a.\\nGregsbv, J. M., e. Fel). 25, 18U2, disd. June 25, 1862.\\nGregsby, W. L., e. Feb. 28, 1862, died at Corinth.\\nGohidy, Brunson, 9. March 4, 1862, disd. June 10, 1863.\\nHeadley. J. V., e. JIarch 11, 1862, died at Corinth.\\nHeadley, A. J., e. March 11, 1862, wd. at luka, disd.\\nMarch 8, 1863.\\nHazelitt, W. H., e. March 17, 1862, vet. March 20, 1864.\\nHornback, H., e. March 17, 1862, disd. June 19, 1862.\\nHilton, J. IC, f. March 1, 1862, wd. at Mission Kidge,\\ncaptd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nHamilton, J. H., e. March 10, 1862, vet. March 12, 1864.\\nKimpson, H., e. March 1, 1862, disd. Sept. 24, 1862, disab.\\nLong, S. T., e. Feb. 28. 1862, disd. June 10, 1862.\\nMunroe, James A., e. Feb. 10, 1862, wd. at Corinth, died\\nOct. 5, 1862.\\nMyers, George H., e. March 3, 1862.\\nPriest, M. G., e. Feb. 28, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nPhelps, Josiah, e. March 10, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nParkhurst, J. S., e. March 10, 1862, wd. at luka, died\\nSept. 25, 1862.\\nParsons, A. J., e. March 20, 1862, disd. Sept. 3, 1862.\\nParker, J. C, e. March 20, 1862, disd. Sept. 24, 1862, disab.\\nParks, Austin, e. March 3, 1862, disd. Aug 19, 1862.\\nReam, A. W., e. March 11, 1862, wd. at luka. disd. June\\n2, 1863.\\nRushton, Byani, e. March 17, 1862, wd. at Jackson, captd.\\nRedman, William, e. March 18. 1862, disd.\\nSullivan, John, e. March 1, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga.\\nSearle, George D., e. March 1, 1862, disd. Jan. 31, 1863,\\ndisab.\\nShaw, L. W., e. March 4, 1862.\\nShaw, James N., e. March 4, 1862, disd. Aug. 12, 1862.\\nShearer, Artemus, e. Dec. 24, 1863.\\nSmith, John C, e. March 11, 1862, disd. Aug. 6, 1862.\\nStephenson, John C, e. March 18, 1862, disd Jan. 6, 1863.\\nStephenson, W., e. March 17, 1862, disd. Jan. 6, 1863.\\nStephenson, A., e. March 25, 1862, disd. June 2, 1863.\\nWilson, William H., e. March 1, 1862.\\nWilson, George M., e. March i, 1862, disd. Oct. 17, 1862.\\nWilliams, R. E.. e. March 7, 1862, wd. at luka.\\nWolf, H. C, wd. at Corinth, disd. May 7, 1863.\\nCompany F.\\nShawl, G. L., e. Jlarch 25, 1862.\\nCompany i.\\nElrick, Thomas J., e. March 24, 1862, vet. March 25, 1864,\\ncaptd at Tilton, Ga.\\nStarkey, Charles, e. March 17, 1862, wd. at Jackson, Miss.,\\nkid at Mission Ridge.\\nMann, Mark, e. March 26, 1862, vet. March .30, 1864.\\nCOMP.\\\\NY UNKNOWN.\\nWhitehead, Jesse.\\nEIGHTEENTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This regiment wnn vius(ered out at Little Rock,\\nArk., July 20, 1S65.]\\nAdjt. Elias J. Pike, e. as sergt. maj., prmtd. adjt. May 14i\\n1864.\\nCompany D.\\nSecond Lieut. Jno. J. Lantner, e. as corp, July 12, 1862\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. July 1, 1865.\\nFirst Sergt. Lewis Godfrey, e. June 20, 1862.\\nSergt. Wm. H. McDowell, e. June 18, 1862, captd. at\\nPoison Spring, Ark.\\nMusician M. M. Lane, e. July 12, 1862.\\nApplegate, John, e. July 22, 1862, disd. Feb. 23, 1863.\\nAllison, Chas. T., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Jan. 19, 1865.\\nBon, A., e. July 20, 1862.\\nWork, Jas., e. June 29, 1862, disd. Feb. 23, 1863.\\nCompany F.\\nCapt. Wm. H. Evans, com. Aug. 5, 1862, res. Feb. 27, 1863.\\nCapt. John A. Beltzen, e. as sergt. July 7, 1862, prmtd. Ist\\nlieut. Aug. 18, 1862, prmtd. capt. March 4, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. Jacob C. Millisack, e. as private July 7, 1862,\\nprmtd. 1st lieut. March 4, 1864, m. o. as sergt. May\\n29, 1865.\\nFirst Lieut. Zaddock Oldham, e. as corp. July 7, ,1862,\\nprmtd. Ist lieut. July 1, 1865, m. o. as 1st sergt.\\nSecond Lieut. Henry C. Nosier, com. Aug. 5, 1862, res,\\nNov. 18, 1862.\\nSecond Lieut. Wm. P. Brodrick, e. as sergt. July 7, 1862,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 19, 1862, res. .Tune 26, 1863.\\nSergt. Samuel Breese, e. July 7, 1862, disd. June 30, 1864,\\nfor promotion 2d Ark. Inf.\\nSergt. James Davis, e. Julv 7, 1862, disd. Jan., 1863, disab.\\nCorp. Woodford Catlin, e. July 7, 1862, disd. April 9, 1863.\\nMusician Thaddeus Stewart, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 19,\\n1863.\\nAllen, James, e. Julv 7, 1862.\\nBoak, Wm. D., e. July 7, 1862.\\nBaker, Jos., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Jan. 20, 1863, disab.\\nBrown, H. H., e. July 7, 1862.\\nCampbell, R. W., e. July 7, 1862.\\nCrane, Jas. M., e. July 7, 1862.\\nClear, Geo. W., e. July 7, 1862.\\nCrank, H. H., e. July 7, 1862.\\nDavenport, H., e. July 19, 1862.\\nHolt, H., e. July 7,1862, captd. at Camden, Ark.\\nHill, T. J., e. July 7, 1862, died Nov. 5, 1862.\\nJordan, John, e. July 7, 1862, disd. April 5, 1863, disab.\\nKales, Thos., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Jan., \u00e2\u0096\u00a0:863, disab.\\nPyatt, Morgan, e. July 7, 1862, drowned near Van Buren,\\nArk.\\nPike, Elias J., e. July 7, 1862, wd. at Springfield, Mo.\\nStevens, Jas., e. July 7, 1862.\\nThompson, Jas., e. .July 7, 1862.\\nWare, Wm. S., e. July 7, 1862.\\nWhite, Olcott, e. July 7, 1862, died Dec. 22, 1862.\\nWilson, Alfred, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 13, 1863, disab,\\nWeese, Samuel, e. July 7, 1862.\\nCompany K.\\nSecond Lieut. Daniel Henshaw, e. as sergt. July 7, 1862,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 6, 1862, res. March 25, 1863.\\nSergt. Homer C. Gibbs, e. July 22, 1862, wd. at Poison\\nSpring, died in rebel camp at Camden, Ark.\\nCorp. James McDonald, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Jan. 19, 1863,\\ndisab.\\nBrown, A., e. July 7, 1862.\\nDennis, Gabriel, e. July 25, 1862, died Jan. 1, 1863.\\nDurant, A. F., e. July 2.5, 1862.\\nMaring, Jacob, e. July 22, 1862.\\nMichael, Chaa. A., e, July 22, 1862.\\nPimmegar, Peter, e. June 7, 1862.\\nTWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This regiment was mustered out at Savannah, Ga.,\\nJidy 2o, lS6.=i.]\\nLieut. Col. Ephraim G. White, e. as 1st lieut. Co. B Sept-\\n9, 1862, prmtd. capt., major, then lieut. col. May G,\\n1864, wd. at Winchester.\\nCompany E.\\nCapt. Hiram C. Humbert, com. Sept. 9, 1862, r\u00c2\u00absd. Jan.\\n29, 1863.\\nCapt. Benj. D. Parks, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 9, 1862, prmtd.\\n1st lieut. Jan. 30, 1863, prmtd. capt. June 10, 1863,\\nkid. in battle of Winchester.\\nCapt. Edward J. Dudley, e. as sergt. Aug. 4, 1862, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. Jan 30, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 10, 1863,\\nprmtd. capt. Oct. 1, 1864, wd. at Cedar Creek.\\nFirst Lieut. Geo, D, Ulrich, e. as sergt. Aug. 8, 1862, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. June 10, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1864,\\nwd. at Cedar Creek.\\nSecond Lieut. Samuel Daj e. as private Aug. 18, 1862,\\nprmtd. 2d linut. July 1, 1863, m. o. as sergt.\\nSergt. L. M. Godley, e. Aug. 6, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg,\\ncUsd. Sept. 4, 1863.\\nSergt. Wm. E. Goe, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. June 16, 1863,\\ndisab., died at St. Louis July 8, 1863.\\nSergt. Thos. M. Wilcoxson, e. Aug. 6, 62, disd. Sept. 4, 63.\\nSergt. 0. J. Shoemaker, e. Aug. 6, 1862, wd. at Cedar\\nCreek, disd. Feb. 6, 1865.\\nSergt. W. J. Warren, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Winchester,\\ndisd. Jan. 25, 1865, disab.\\nCorp. Matthew Walker, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Vicks-\\nburg, died there June 5, 1863.\\nCorp. Josiah B. Goodall, e. Aug. 6, 1862.\\nCorp. Geo, Giltner, e. Aug. 4, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died\\nMay 23, 1863.\\nCorp. Jas. A. Reeve, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. March 27, 1865,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. J. B. Gardner, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Winchester.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n547\\nCorp. Benj. T. Ratcliff, e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nCorp. Jno. Giltner, e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. at Cedar Creek,\\ndisd. May 26, 1865.\\nCorp. Jas. A. Baney, e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg.\\nCorp. Benj. F. Pickerel, e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Win-\\nchester.\\nCorp. W. J. Stalcup, e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Winchester.\\nCorp. E. W Myers, e. Aug. 7, 1S62, disd. Dec. 12, 1862.\\nMusician W. S. Bartholamew, e. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nMusician Alex. Giltner, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. Feb. 27,\\n18H4, disab\\nWagoner Martin E. Andrew, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disd. March\\n6, 1863, disab.\\nAnderson, Thos., e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Winchester.\\nAnderson, Jas. M., e. Aug. 6, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg,\\ncaptd. at Winchester.\\nArnold, Chas. T., e. Aug. 8, 1802.\\nArcher, H. H., e. Aug. 5, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg.\\nBrooks, Jno. C, e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. Vicksburg.\\nBedell, D. E., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Jan. 22, 1863, disab.\\nBlewer, Isaac, e Aug. 5, 1862, wd. and died at Vicksburg.\\nBrower, David, e. Aug. 18, 1862, disd. June 5, 1863, disab.\\nButler, John, e. Aug. 6, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg.\\nByers, S. C, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Winchester.\\nCrow, Jno. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nChamberlain, A. L., e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg.\\nConsolver, Allen, e. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nCade, A. F., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nDavis, Moses, e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nDefew, Jos. M., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nDonnelson, Adam, e. Aug. 18, 1802.\\nForrest, Jas. B., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nForrest, John, e. Aug. 5, 1862.\\nFarnsworth, B., e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nFuqua, S. A., e. July 20, 1862.\\nGuy, Wm. F., e. Aug. 7, 1872, died at Keokuk Nov. 16,\\n1863.\\nGreen, A. H., e. Aug. 8, 1802, kid. at Vicksburg.\\nGiltner, Parker, e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nGarrison, S. S., e. Aug. 2, 1862, wd. and died at Pt. Gibson.\\nHondyshell, Wm. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nHaynes, Isaac, e. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nUale, B. F., e. Aug. 9, 1802, died Dec. 16, 02, at Eolla, Mo.\\nJennings, Jos. W., e. Aug. 6, 1862, captd. at Cedar Creek.\\nJones, Orlando, e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nKing, Cyrus D., e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. July 15, 1864.\\nKrinebrouk, Wm., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died Nov. 30, 1863.\\nKackly, Charles K., e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg and\\nCedar Creek, disd. Jan. 5, 1865, wds.\\nLain, Samuel D., e. Aug. 6, 1802, wd. at Winchester.\\nLockwood, C. U., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Jan. 20, 1863, disab.\\nLeggett, Chas., e. Aug. 7, 1802.\\nLively, E. W., e. Aug. 8, 1802, wd. at Cedar Creek, died\\nApril 3, 1865.\\nLynch, E. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Vicksburg.\\nMason, Jos. E., e. Aug. 10, 1862.\\nMotes, N., e. Aug, 6, 1862, wd. at Winchester.\\nMahon, Wm. A., e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. at Winchester.\\nMotes, John, e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. at Cedar Creek.\\nMyers, A., e. Aug. 8, 1802, captd. at Cedar Creek.\\nMcCoy, John W., e. Aug. 9. 1862, wd. at Winchester.\\nMorris, M. S., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. June 19, 1863, disab.\\nMackliu, Geo. C, e. Aug. 8, 1802, wd. at Winchester.\\nMacklin, A e. Aug. 0, 1862, wd. at Winchester, disd. Jan.\\n5, 1805-\\nMagee, A., e. Aug. 9, 1802, kid at battle of Vicksburg.\\nMcDaniels, Isaac, e. Aug. 8, 1802.\\nMcDonald, J., e. Aug. 5, 1S02, wd. and captd. at Cedar\\nCreek.\\nMatter, Peter, e. Aug. 15, 1802.\\nPriest, J. A., e. Aug. 7, 1802, died Oct. 10, 1862.\\nParkhurst, M. M., e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died\\nMay 26, 1862.\\nPorter, Jas., e. Aug. 5, 1862, wd. at Winchester.\\nKay, Samuel, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Camp Chola, La.\\nRobinson, Jos., e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. Dec. 12, 1862, disab.\\nKobiuson. Jas. G., e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Vicksburg.\\nRush, W. K., e. Aug. 18, 1862, died at Vicksburg.\\nReeve, Wm., e. Aug. 7, 1802.\\nRoberts, Jas. T., e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Nov.\\n30, 1863.\\nStalcup, H. G., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and captd. at Vicks-\\nburg.\\nStalcup, John, e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. at battle of Vicksburg.\\nShoemaker, E. C, e. Aug. 9, 1802, captd. at Cedar Creek,\\ndied April 10, 1805.\\nStewart, A., e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. July 15, 1863, disab.\\nSnyder, Harman, e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died\\nthere July 9, 1863.\\nTurner, A. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg.\\nTaylor, Jos. H., e. Aug. 6, 1802, wd. at Vicksburg, May\\n22 and July 12.\\nThompson, F., e. Aug. 18, 1862.\\nWright, John H., e. Aug. 8, 1802, disd. Sept. 22, 1864.\\nWeir, James W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to Signal Corps\\nSept. 7, 1863,\\nWiley, Jas. F., e. Aug. 6, 1862, captd. at Cedar Creek, died\\nat Annapolis, Md.\\nWebb, Henry, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Winchester.\\nWhite, John L., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Vicksburg.\\nYaryan, Wm. B., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nTHIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This regiment was muslered ovt at Dniall^s\\nBlvf, Ark., August 2U, 1S6.J.]\\nC d. Chas. W. Kelleredge, com. Aug. 10, 1802.\\nMaj. Thos. C. Woodward, com. Sept. 5, 1802, read. Juno\\n2, 1863.\\nMaj. A. H. Hamilton, com. adjt. Sept. 17, 1802, prmtd.\\nmaj. June 3, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills, Ark., es-\\ncaped July 23, 1864.\\nSurg. Colin G. Strong, com. asst. surg. Sept. 16, 1862,\\npi-mtd. surg. Jan. 4, 1865.\\nAdjt. Stephen K. Mahon, e. as sergt. maj. Aug. 14, 1862,\\nprmtd. adjt. June 3, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills, Ark.\\nQ. M. Stevens W. Merrill, com. Oct. 1, 1862.\\nCom. Sergt. John C. Parish, Aug. 8, 62, disd. Jan. 28, 65.\\nDrum Maj. John M. Simons, e. Aug. 19, 1862, m. o. Dec.\\n19, 1862.\\nFife Maj. Philip Keister, e. Aug. 15, 62, m. o. Dec. 19, 02.\\nCompany A.\\nBelles, Isaac, e. Dec. 25,1803, kid. at Mark s Mills, Ark.\\nLivingston, F. G., e. Dec. 7, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCompany B.\\nCapt. Edmund L. Joy, com. Oct. 4, 1862, maj.andjudgead\\nvocate, Sept. 15, 1804.\\nCapt. Samuel A. Swiggette, com. Ist lieut. Oct. 4, 1862,\\nprmtd. capt. Dec. 2, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. Frank L. McNair, e. as sergt. Aug. 4, 1862,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. July 30, 1864, prmtd. Ist lieut. Dec.\\n2, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. J. H. McVey, com. Oct. 4, 1862, captd. at\\nMark s Mills, resd. July 29, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. John W. Woods, e. Aug. 4, 1862, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. Aug. 2, 1805.\\nFirst Sergt. A. N. Barnes, e. Aug. 4, 1802, disd. May 7,\\n1863, disab.\\nSergt. Robert S. Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Feb. 21,\\n1863, disab.\\nSergt. Thos. R. Cole, e. Aug. 4, 62, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSergt. G\u00c2\u00abo. W. Thayer, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Memphis.\\nSergt. Joseph Wareliara, e. .Aug. 4, 1862, died at Little\\nRock.\\nSergt. Jas. Gaudy, e. Aug. 11, 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCorp. Daniel Parse, e. Aug. 8, 1802, disd. July 11, 1805,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. Asahel Tyrrell, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to V. R. C.\\nJan. 17, 1864.\\nCorp. Lee J. Michael, e. Aug. 5, 1862, trans, for promotion\\nto 4th Ark. Col. Inf. Jan. lU. 1864.\\nCorp. Benj. F. Chisman, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCorp. Jesse I. Mudg, e. Aug. 2, 1802, disd. Nov. 24, 1802,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. Earl Barrow, e. Aug. 8, 1802, died at Little Rock.\\nCorp. John S. Furze, e. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nCorp. Samuel H. Harper, e. Aug. 2, 1802, trans, for promo-\\ntion to 4th Ark. Col. Inf., Jan. 10, 1864.\\nMusician James S. McGlasson, e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nAyers, John W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to Marine Brigade\\nJan. 3, 1803.\\nAbegg. Benj. F., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nAult, Jas. P., e. Aug. 4, 1802, died at Memphis.\\nBelles, John N., Feb. 25, 1864.\\nBelles, I. N., e. Feb. 25, 1864, captd and kid. at Mark s\\nMills, Ark.\\nBarker, Joshua, e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nBarker, William G., e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nBrown, John W., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nBarnes, John, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nBonham, H., e. Aug. 11, 1802.\\nCrandall, T. W., e. Feb. 10, 1804, captd. at Mark s Mills\\nCarter, Benj., e. Aug. 8, 1862, kid. at Mark s Mills", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "548\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nCase, L. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nChisman, Noyes, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died at Memphis.\\nCook, Miles, e. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nCuster, Willis N., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nClark, John W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDerby, Wm. C, e. Feb. 25, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDerby, 0. A., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nDaneton, Wm., e. Aug. 8, 18G2, disd. Feb. 7, 1863, disab.\\nDerby, Nelson, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nFent, H. K., e. March 9, 1864, died at Little Rock.\\nFent Jas. R., e. Aug. 8, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nFinley, James H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. and captd. Mark s\\nJlills, disd. April 17, 1865, wds.\\nGntes, Levi, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nGarlinhouse, L., e, Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to V. R. 0. Jan.\\n17, 1864.\\nGood, Ashford, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab.\\nGood, Daniel, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHoward, Geo., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died Oct. 8, 62, at Keokuk.\\nKline, John P., e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nHarsin, Jas. V., e. Aug. 4, 1862, disd. May 4, 1863, disab.\\nKent, H. W., e. Feb. 10, 1864, kid. at Mark s Mills.\\nJohnston, Wm., c. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nJones, John M., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Nov. 17, 1863.\\nKirk Patrick, D. W., e. Feb. 10, 1864, kid. at Mark s Mills.\\nKendall, Thos., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. March 12, 63, disab.\\nKirkpatrick, H. K., e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nKirk, James, e. Aug. 11, 1864, trans, to Inv. Corps April\\n30, 1804.\\nLanman, J., e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nLyon, Jas. H., e. March 23, 1864.\\nMcMahill, J. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nMajor, Jas. S., e. Dec. 10, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMcCormick, T. J., e. Aug. 8. 1862, wd. and captured at\\nMark s Mills.\\nMcGrew, J. F., e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nMcGasson, Geo. B., e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nMcKown, H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 13, 1863, disab.\\nMerrman, M. D., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Jan. 13, 1863.\\ndisab.\\nMcKown, F., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nOlney, Geo. W., e. Feb. 10, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nOswald, Jacob, e. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nPence, John, e. Feb. 10, 1864, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nPratt, H. A., e. Aug. 3. 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nPollock, 1. H., e. Feb. 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nPeters, Thos., e. Aug. 8, 1802, disd. March 6, 1863, disab.\\nKubel, M. E. S., e. Feb. 10, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nParsons, G. W., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nRubel, J. W., e. Feb. 10, 1864, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nRader, S. I., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Feb. 5, 1863, disab.\\nReece, C. W., e. Feb. 10, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nReading, C. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nRuble, M. E. S., e. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to Marine Brigade\\nFeb. 9, 1863.\\nRiley, Wm. P., e. Aug. 4, 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSmith, C. H., e. Feb. 20, 1864, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nSmith, Jno. H., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nSilvey, A. L., e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nStevenson, A., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nScott, W. H. H., e. Aug. 7, 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nTinsley, P. K, S., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. June 27, 1865, disab.\\nTurpin, D. S., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Little Rock.\\nThompson, C, e. Jan. 5, 1864.\\nWood, Jno., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nWest, Jacob, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nWestlake, F. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. Jan. 8, 1863, disab.\\nWellman, Jno. S., e.Aug. 2,1862, disd. Feb. 9, 1863, disab.\\nWest, Wm., e. Jan. 18, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills, died\\na tCamp Ford, Te.xas.\\nWaggenner, G., e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nCompany D.\\nCapt. Thos. B. Hale, com. Oct. 4, 1802. captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died while prisoner.\\nCapt. Charles Birnbaum, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 4, 1862, captd.\\nat Mark s Mills, Ark., prmtd. capt. Dec. 20, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. Ripley Baylies, com. Oct. 4, 1862.\\nSecond Lieut. Simeon Liggett, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 2,\\n1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 20, 1864.\\nSergt. Benj. F. Marts, e. Aug. 15,1862.\\nSergt. Jesse Barber, e. Aug. 9,1862, died at Little Rock.\\nSergt. Minos Miller, e. Aug. 14, 1862\\nSergt. II. Underwood, e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCorp. John H. Sutfin, e. Aug. 4, 1862.\\nCorp. Wm. L. Palmei-, e. Nov. 20, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCorp. Geo. W. Nicely, e. Aug. 5, 1862, killed at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCorp. P. J. Andrus, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, for promotion\\n4th Ark. Cav. Jan. 9, 1864.\\nCorp. Richard Hobson, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Feb. 14, 1863,\\ndisab.\\nCoi-p. Peter Stuber, Aug. 9, 1862, wd.and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died at Little Rock.\\nCorp. Thos. West, e. Aug. 15, 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCorp. Francis M. Dofllemyer, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nCorp. C. C. Andrus, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died on Yazoo River\\nApril 8, 1863.\\nMusician B. R. Shipley, e. Aug. 5,1862.\\nMusician Jos. Peach, e. Aug. 13, 1802, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nWagoner J. B. Morgan, e. Aug. 4, 1802.\\nAmos, Wm., e. July 24, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nAmos, Geo., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nAbram, Isaac, e. Aug. 14, 1862.\\nArchibald, Isaac, e. Aug. 13, 1862.\\nBlair, J. M., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nBlair, G. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCroell, J. W. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Dec. 2, 1862.\\nCochran, A. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Aug. 3, 1863.\\nCrane, F. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCampbell, L., e. Aug. 4, 1862, captd. at Helena and at\\nMark s Mills.\\nCrook, Andrew, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDofflemeyer, J. D., e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nFox, Dixon, Aug. 15, 1862, died Feb. 8, 1803, at St. Louis.\\nFoster, Robert, e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nFoster, J. S., Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nFree, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nFrench, F. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862.\\nGushway, D., e. Feb. 17, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills, died\\nat Camden, Ark.\\nGordon, B. F., e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nGray, D. F., e. Aug. 11,1862.\\nGray. J.S., e. Aug. 11, 1802, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHamaker, J. W., e. March 30, 1864.\\nHendrix, S., e. March 29, 1804, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHughes, A. E., e. March 20, 1864.\\nHodges, J. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nJohnson, H. C, e. March 30, 1864.\\nJones, Alexander, e. Jan. 5, 1864.\\nJones, A., e. Dec. 29, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nKerman, M., e. Nov. 4, 1861, died at Little Rock.\\nKnox, Leonard, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nKirfman, W. P., e. Aug. 14, 62, died at Shell Mound, Miss.\\nKirfman, A. G., e. March 30, 1864.\\nKavanagh, James, e. Aug. 21, 62, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLittle, C. E., e. Aug. 2, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills, disd.\\nJune 8, 1865, disab.\\nLower, M., e Jan. 4, 1864.\\nMardes, W. W.,e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMilford, J. M., e. March 26, 1864.\\nMiller, J. H., e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMiller, H. H., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMorgan, William, e. Jan. 5, 1864.\\nMattocn, James, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at St. Louis.\\nMyers, G., e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMeeker, W. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nMyers, D., e. Feb. 20, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMyers, Thomas, e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nNewell, S. H., e. Nov. 24, 1862.\\nOrsbun, Perin, e. Aug. 1, 1862.\\nPenick, H. S.,e. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nPari,sh, H., e Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at 3Iark s Mills.\\nParish, J. C, e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nRobinson, D. H., e. Feb. 8, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nRoberts, Joseph, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Jan. 27, 1863, disab.\\nReed, Thomas, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nReal, Henrv, e. Aug. 2, 1862, died at St. Louis.\\nRose, Ricba rd, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Keokuk.\\nShipley, W. P., e. Aug. 13, 1802, died Oct. 21, 1802.\\nSecress, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Nov. 3, 1863.\\nStuber, P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. March 5, 1863.\\nSteel, J. G.,e. Aug. 15,1862.\\nThompson, F., e. March 27, 1804.\\nTrue, H. G., e. July 21, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nTrue, G. D., e. Nov. 24, 1804.\\nTerhune, M. V., e. Aug. 5, 1862, disd. Feb. 7, 63, disab.\\nA arner, H., e. Auir. 15,1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nWarner, A., e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. Jan. 29, 1803, disab.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n549\\nWarren, Bichard, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nWilliams, J. G., e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nWay, Asbury, e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nWarner, Peter, e. Nov. 4, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nWarner, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864, died at Little Rock.\\nCompany E.\\nCapt. William Malion, com. Oct. 4, 1862.\\nFirst Lieut. Richard H. Warden, com. Oct. 4, 1862, resd.\\nDec. 3, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. E. McLean B. Scott, e. as Ist sergt. Aug. 13,\\n1862, prmtd. to 2d lieut. Dec. 20, 1862, prmtd. to Ist\\nlieut. Jan. 4, 1865.\\nSecond Lieut. Jacob Houk, com. Oct. 4, 1802. resd. Dec.\\n19, 1863.\\nSecond Lieut. Allen A. Smith, e. as sergt. Aug. 18, 1862,\\nprmtd. to 2d lieut. Jan. 4, 1865.\\nSergt. Henry Slagle, e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nSergt. J. H. Myers, e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nSergt. C. R. Minnick, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 14, 1863,\\ndisab.\\nSergt. Louis Myers, e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills, died May 2, 1864.\\nSergt. George Slagle, e. Aug. 13, 1862.\\nCorp. H. L. Thompson, e. Aug. 12, 1862.\\nCorp. Alvin Kindall, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Duvall s\\nBluff.\\nCorp. Elias Parke, e. Aug. IG, 1862, wd. and cantd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nCorp. Frederick Campbell, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills\\nCorp. Peter Shearer, e. Aug. 18, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died at Tyler, Texas.\\nCorp. M. E. Jackson, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills, disd. June 14, 1865.\\nCorp. Wm. 0. Chadd, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Feb. 5, 1863,\\ndiaab.\\nCorp. George W. Dennis, e. Aug. 18, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nMusician Thomas Skinner, e. Aug. 16, 1862, wd. at Yazoo\\nexpedition, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nWagoner, James E. Bland, e. Aug. 19, 1862.\\nAdcock, H. A., e. Aug. 16, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nByerly Solomon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Memphis.\\nButler, William H., e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. Feb. 20, 1864,\\ndisab.\\nBower, Moses, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 6, 1863, disab.\\nBevin, Joseph, e. Aug. 21, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nBeatley, John A., e. Aug. 15, 1862, djed at Helena, Ark.\\nButler, George, e. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. Feb. 11, 1863.\\nCooper, S. D., e. Fob. 24, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCaldwell, W. H. H., e. Aug. 19, 1862.\\nCanon, C. W., e. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCooper, George W., e. Aug. 20, 1862.\\nCollins, John J e. Dec. 25, 186\\nCampbell, S. W., e. Feb. 1, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\ndie l at Tyler, Texas.\\nChance, John J., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCampbell, James H., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Jefl erson\\nBarracks, Mo.\\nConn, D. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862.\\nDecker, John H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd, at Mark s Mills.\\nDnffee, John, e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDennis, John B., e. Aug. 16, 1862\\nEngland, John F., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps\\nAug. 30, 1864.\\nFenton, T. W., e. Dec. 13, 1863, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nGee, Solomon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Nov. 11, 1862.\\nGreen, S., e. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nGarrison, Alonzo, e. Feb. 24, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHonn, Henry, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Dec. 22, 1864, disab.\\nHale, J., e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nHill, John W., e. Aug. 14, 1864.\\nHale, G., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHarness, H., e. Aug. 13, 1862.\\nHenderson, John, e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nHale, H. C, e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at Jlark s Mills, died at\\nTyler, Texas.\\nHarness, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, disd. Sept. 28, 1864.\\nHale, H., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nJackson, Richard, e. Aug. 16, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nJackson, Wm. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nJudson, Charles, e. Aug 22, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nKeethler, Alex., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Oct. 29, 1862, at Pt.\\nIsabel.\\nKigar, Joseph, e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died May 7, 1864.\\nKindall, Abraham, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. June 27, 1865,\\ndisab.\\nLay, Peter H., e. Dec. 22, 1863, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nLorr, M., e. Jan. 5, 1864.\\nLeslie, Jos., e. Feb. 18, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLeslie, Wm. H., e. Feb. 18, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\nkid. at Tyler, Texas.\\nSoper, Cud. C, e. Aug. 22, 1862.\\nMcMahon, George L., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nMcCallum, T. J e. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nMcMullin, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862.\\nMatthews, Isaac, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMendenhall, C. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. June G, 1865.\\nMiller, John L., e. Aug. 21, 1862.\\nNelson, J., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nPeden, Jos., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, disd. March 13, 1865, disab.\\nPhillips, George W., e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nParrott, H. J., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. June 21, 1864, disab.\\nParker, Jas., e. Aug. 18, 1862, disd. March 25, 1863, disab.\\nRandall, B. F., e. Feb. 25, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nRupe, I. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nSkinner, J. B., e. Dec. 25, 1863.\\nShirkey, Darius, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. Dec. 12, 64, disab.\\nShirkey, A. J., e. Aug. 22, 1862.\\nScully, John C, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSebern, John H., e. Aug. 22. 1862.\\nStanton, Andrew, e. Aug. 18, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSheffer, John, e. Aug. 18, 1862.\\nSheffer, Joseph, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Alton Military\\nPrison, 111., Sept. 30, 1863.\\nShefler, Elias, e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSummerlott, Samuel, e. Aug. 18, 1862.\\nShearer, .Andrew, e. Aug. 18, 1862, died at Helena, Ark.\\nSummerlott, Jno., e. Aug. 19, 1862.\\nThompson, Wm. J., e. Aug. 22, 1862.\\nThompson, Jesse H., e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nVermelan, J., e. Jan. 11, 1864, wd. at Mark s Mills, disd,\\nNov. 25, 1864.\\nWeaver, John, e. Aug. 14, 62, died Nov. 10, 62, at Keokuk\\nWallace, Curtis, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. April 20, 1863, disab.\\nWallace, A. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. disd. April 23, 1863, disab.\\nWilliams, Van B., e. Aug. 13, 1862.\\nWatkins, F. M., e. Aug. 18, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\ndied there April 21, 1865.\\nWilson, Jolin, e. Aug. 19, 1862.\\nWallace, D. M., e. Jan. 4, 1864, wd., captd. and died Mark s\\nMills.\\nWallace, W., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nWallace, T. H., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. and died at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCompany F.\\nNiel, Wm., e. Jan. 5, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDuckworth, L., e. Feb. 11, 1864, died at Memphis.\\nCompany C.\\nWade, Alex., e. Dec. 28, 1863.\\nCompany H.\\nCapt. Jno. E. Wright, com. Oct. 4, 62, resd. March 23, 64.\\nCapt. Wm. H. Clifton, com. 1st lieut. Oct. 4, 1862, prmtd.\\ncapt. March 24, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut, Jno. M. Thompson, e. as sergt. Aug. 7, 1862,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. June 3, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan.\\n8, 1865.\\nSecond Lieut. Wm. P. Sharp, Oct. 4, 62, resd. June 7, 63.\\nSecond Lieut. Andrew J. Garloch, e. as prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. Jan. 8, 1865.\\nSergt. L. Winder, e. Aug. 1, 1862.\\nSergt. Wm. T. Scott, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Duvall s Bluff.\\nCorp. Wm. Grav, e. Aug. 2, 1862.\\nCorp. I. N. Holioway, e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nCorp. Jno. N. McLoney, e. July 25, 1862, died Dec. 6, 62,\\nat Benton Barracks, Mo.\\nCorp. Jno. Archibald, e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died at Duvall s Bluff.\\nCorp. D. T. Anderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nCorp. N. B. Bishop, e. Aug. 11, 62, disd. Feb. 4, 63, disab.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "550\\nAVAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY,\\nCorp. Wm. Heppel.e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, for prmtn. to\\n2d lieut. 2d Ark. Col. Regt.\\nCorp. D. H. Cowj er, e. Aug. 5, 62, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCorp. Isaac W. Powell, e. Aug. 4, 1862, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nCorp. Levi Overman, e. Aug. 11, 1SG2, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nMusician S. K. Rudolph, e. Aug. 11, 1862.\\nMusician Philip Keister, e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nWagoner Rufus Tindell, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 6, 63,\\ndisab.\\nAtwell Jno. E., e. Aug. 7, 1862, w and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nAtwell, W. H., e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nAnderson, Geo., e. Dec. 12, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nAllison, Jonathan, e. Aug. 21, 62, disd. Nov. 3, 63, disab.\\nBland, J. W. S., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. Yazoo expedition.\\nBollinger, M. V., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nBoster. J. L., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. April 4, 1864.\\nBridges, H. M., e. Aug. 21, 1862.\\nBurns, T. S., e Aug. 9, 62, wd. and captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nBenedict, A. J., e. July 20, 1862.\\nBarnes, Ezckiel, Aug. 16, 1862, disd. Dec. 18, 1862, disab.\\nCowger, D., e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. Jan. 6, 1864, disab.\\nCeist, E., e. Jnn. 5, 1864.\\nCooper, J. M., e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCade, Wm., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nDavis, John N., e. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nCarr, S. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nDavis, L. W., e. in March, 1864.\\nErvin, A. S., e. Aug. 8, 1862, kid. at Mark s Mills.\\nFuller, John W., e. July 25, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nGeorge, Wm. S., e. March 23, 1864.\\nGodfrey, F. M., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Feb. 25, 1863, disab.\\nHalloway, R. E., e. March 19, 1864.\\nHoffman, Henry, e. Aug. 5, 1862.\\nHalloway, M. C, e. March 22, 1864.\\nllalicy, Daniel, e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nHoblis, John T., e. Nov. 19, 1862.\\nHarris, W. H., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Jan. 7, 1863.\\nHudson, Wm.H., e. Jan. 4, 1864, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nHobbs, Samuel P., e Aug. 14, 1862.\\nHamilton, Wm., e. Dec. 17, 1863, wd.and captd. at Mark s\\nMills.\\nHolsey, S. T., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\ndisd. June 27, 1865, disab.\\nJohnson, Samuel M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, for promo-\\ntion to 2d Ark. Col. Regt. June 7, 1863.\\nKitterman, F. M., e. Feb. 29, 1864, died Aug. 8, 1864.\\nKitterman, Geo. W., e. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. and captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nKitterman, A. K., e. Aug. 10, 1862, died at Keokuk.\\nKing, Jas. R., e. Dec. 29, 1863.\\nKing, Daniel, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLowe, Geo., e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLentz, T. E., e. Dec. 11, 1863.\\nLamb, James M., e. Aug. 10, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLong, J. H., e. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nLowenberg, Wm., e. Feb. 24, 1864, wd. at Jenkins Ferry,\\nArk.\\nLowe, David, e. Jan. 13, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nLentner, H. I., e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nMcKowen, H., e. Jan. 1, 1804, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\ndied at Tyler, Texas.\\nMullenix, Jas., e. Aug. 3, 1862.\\nMarrow, John, e. Aug. 5, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMcCoy, Aaron, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. Feb. 6, 1863, disab.\\nMoyer, John C, e. Aug. 5, 1862.\\nMartin, Wm., e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. April 13, 1863, disab.\\nMoffat, T. W., e. Aug. 27, 1862, captd. at JIark s Mills,\\ndisd. June 27, 1865, disab.\\nMoore, Jas., e. Aug. 6, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMcCune, Jas. H., e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nMartin, James C, e. Aug. 12, 62, disd. Feb. 27, 63, disab.\\nMorrison, Jas., e. Aug. 26, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nOwen, H. C, e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nPowell, Wm., e. Dec. 14, 1863, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nPatgett, J., e. Dec. 17, 1863, kid. at Mark s Mills.\\nProsser, C. H., e. Jan. 19, 1864.\\nRichards, John E., e. Feb. 6, 1864, captd. at Mark s Mills,\\ndied at Tyler, Texas.\\nReams, Samuel, e. Aug. 9, 1862.\\nRush, John, e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nRichards, L. W., e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nScott, F. M., e. July 25. 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nSouthard, F., e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills, died\\nat Magnolia, Ark.\\nSterns, James, e. Aug. 1, 1862, disd. April 9, 1863, disab.\\nSilvers, E. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862.\\nShearer, J. L., e. Aug. 8, 1862.\\nStinson, Wm., e. Aug. 10, 1862, wd. and captd. at Mark s\\nMills, died April 26, 1864.\\nThomas, T. P., e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Mark s Mills.\\nTroxell, Wm. D., e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nWright, Jas., e. Aug. 8, 1802.\\nWright, Albert, e. Aug. 8, 1S62.\\nWhipple, Jos. E., e. March 13, 1864, died at Little Rock.\\nWalker, C. S., e. March 23, 1864.\\nHobbs, John T., e. Nov 19, 1862.\\nCompany I.\\nHarris, John H., e. Dec. 27, 1863, kid. at Mark s Mills.\\nCompany K.\\nMusician Wm. B. A. Carter, e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at\\nMark s Mills.\\nHopper, A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Jan. 3, 1863, disab.\\nPhillips, Jas. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Feb. 26, 63, disab.\\nRobertson, Jas. S., e. Ang. 18, 1862, died at Keokuk.\\nUNKNOWN.\\nFenton, T. W., e. Dec. 13, 1863.\\nDodd, D. S., e. Feb. 24, 1864.\\nEkin, Wm., e. Feb. 8, 1864.\\nHollingworth, T. W., e. Feb. 6, 1864.\\nMayers, Wm. M., e. March 18, 1864.\\nRupe, John M., e. Feb. 17, 1864.\\nSkinner, S. W., e. Feb. 20, 1864.\\nStubers, Philip, e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nSmith, John, e. Feb. 24, 1864.\\nTillottson, H. D., e. March 26, 1864.\\nThompson, Geo. M., e. March 11, 1864.\\nWolfe, J., e. Feb. 22, 1864.\\nFIFTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. This regiment was mustered out at Davenport,\\nIowa. Date not given in Adjutant General s Reporlg.]\\nCompany E.\\nCapt. Resell Banks, com. Dec. 15, 1862.\\nSergt. Peter Goff, e. Aug. 15, 1862.\\nSergt. Jos. Meyers, e. Oct. 21, 1862.\\nSergt. T. Blake, e. Sept. 18, 1862, disd. Oct. 6, 1864, disab.\\nCorp. R. D. Lyon, e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. May 26, 1864,\\ndisab.\\nCorp. Thos. Lottridge, e. Sept. 13, 1862.\\nCorp. H. H. Draper, e. Sept. 20, 1862.\\nWagoner John Shauntronan, e. Nov. 25, 1862.\\nAsbury. Benj., e, Sept. 27, 1862, disd. March 6, 63, disab.\\nBerkey, Jos., e. Nov. 27, 1862.\\nChapman, A., e. Sept. 21, 1862.\\nDavis, F., e. Sept. 20, 1862.\\nDerby, C. W., e. Nov. 27, 1862, disd. Nov. 4, 63, disab.\\nDeashmutt, B. B., e. Nov. 27, 1862.\\nEasthans, E. G., e. Sept. 26, 1862.\\nFent, Wm., e. Sept. 26, 1862.\\nGodfrey, E., e. Oct. 6, 1862, disd. May 18, 1864, disab.\\nGuy ton, Benj., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nHorn baker, I., e. Nov. 20, 1862, disd. April 28, 1863, disab.\\nHenderson, G. W., e. Oct. 11, 62, disd. Nov. 21, 63, disab.\\nHuvne, Andrew, e. Sept. 23, 1862.\\nHackley, W. H., e. Sept. 27, 1862.\\nKiaf, J., e. Sept. 28, 1802.\\nLyon, A. E., e. Oct. 2, 1862.\\nMathess, Wm., e. Sept. 20, 1862, died Feb. 16, 1863.\\nMcClees, Alex., e. Sept. 15, 1862, disd. March 18, 65, disab.\\nMowre, Jas. A., e. Sept. 27, 1862.\\nPegg, Jas. A., e. Sept. 18, 1862,\\nPowell, Isaac, e. Sept. 25, 1862.\\nRowley, Wm., e. Sept. 14, 1862.\\nRoberts, Lewis, e. Sept. 11, 1862.\\nReynolds, Silas, e. Sept. 26, 1862, disd. May 18, 1864, disab.\\nStrickland, Wm., e. Nov. 20, 1862.\\nSimmons, E., e. Sept. 20, 1862.\\nStevens, B., e. Sept. 15, 1862, disd. April 6, 1863, disab.\\nSilver, Samuel, e. Sept. 25, 1862, died March 27, 1863.\\nSchroyer, F., e. Nov. 21, 1862, disd. .Jan. 18, 1865, disab.\\nTidball, D. H., e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Dec. 24, 1864, disab.\\nThompson, S. W., e. Oct, 8, 1862.\\nWarren, D., c. Sept. 28, 1862, disd. Dec. 24, 1864, disab.\\nCompany I.\\nClark, James, e. Oct. 1, 1862.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n551\\nFORTY-SEVKNTH INFANTRY.\\n[Note. Date of the mitslering-out of this Regiment is not\\ngiven in Adjutant GeneraVs Eeport.}\\nAdjt. Geo. W. Devin, com. June 4, 1864.\\nCompany C.\\nFirst Lieut. Jno. T. Wallin, com. Maj 7, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. .Tas. Hawlej Jr., com. May 7, 1864.\\nSergt. Robt. N. McMillan, e. May 21, 18G4.\\nSergt. F. M. Bush, e. May 7, 1864.\\nCorp. \\\\Vm. L. Daggett, e. May 20, 1864.\\nCorp. I. N. Yates, e. May 9, 1864.\\nCorp. Andrew Clark, e. May 21, 1864.\\nCorp. Chas. Miller, e. May 11, 1864.\\nMusician S. C. Henshaw, e. May 7, 1864.\\nAcUcta, Aug., e. June. 7, 1864.\\nCarpenter, Geo. B., e. May 7, 1864, died Aug. 21, 1864, at\\nHelena, Ark.\\nDennis, .Jaa. M., e. May 14, 1864.\\nDaily, Dennis, e. May 7, 1864.\\nDavis, John, e. May 16, 1864.\\nDennis, Benj., e. May 1, 1864.\\nDavidson, J. C, e. May 24, 1864.\\nGoodwin, Wm., e. May 7, 1864.\\nGossage, Jno., e. May 20, 1864.\\nIlollowav, S. P., e. May 7, 1864.\\nHayne, N. B., e. May 9, 1864, died Sept. 22, 1864.\\nJohnson, F. M., e. May 7, 1864.\\nKnight, C. F., e. May 7, 1864.\\nMyrick, L. A., e. May 7, 1864.\\nMyrick, Wm. L., e. May 1, 1864.\\nParks, R. H., e. May 7, 1864.\\nRoss, John, e. May 7, 1864, died.\\nSilsby, E. W., e. May 7, 1864.\\nSpurgeon, Samuel, e. May 9, 1864.\\nSbewry, Chas., e. May 18, 1864.\\nStarkey, Wm. J., e. May 23, 1864.\\nShreve, Jas. B., e. May 7, 1864.\\nThompson, E. 0., e. May 14, 1864.\\nCompany H.\\nCorp. Wm. Dinsmore, e. May 9, 1864.\\nAtkinson, Jewett, e. May 9, 1864.\\nCarson, Jno. A., e. May 9, 1864.\\nDavis, Daniel, e. May 7, 1864.\\nDaggett, Geo. M., e. May 3, 186t.\\nHagey, Wm. F. H., e. May 9, 1864, died Oct. 1, 1864.\\nCompany K,\\nCapt. Wm. H. P. Norris, com. June 4, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. C. M. J. Reynolds, com. June 4, 1864.\\nSergt. C. D. Hendershott, e. April 29, 1864.\\nSergt. Simon P. Wayne, e. April 28, 1864.\\nSergt. Joseph A. Israel, e. May 12, 1864.\\nSergt. E. W. Myers, e. May 4, 1864.\\nCorp. Geo. W. Murray, e. April 29, 1864.\\nCorp. Wm. E. Davis, e. April 9, 1864.\\nCorp. John 0. Wood, e. April 30, 1864.\\nCorp. S. M. Woodford, e. April 28, 1864.\\nCorp. Louis Wilford, e. April 28, 1864.\\nCorp. Geo. W. Nimocks, e. May 12, 18C4.\\nCorp. Samuel P. Johnson, e. April 28, 1864.\\nMusician Wm Engle, e. May 10, 1864.\\nMusician Jas. A. Clark, e. May 17, 1864.\\nArmstrong, D. L., e. April 28, 1864.\\nAllan, John B., e. May 5, 1864.\\nAllred, John P., e. May 9, 1864.\\nBills, Neal S., e. May 10, 1864.\\nBurman, Louis, e. May 24, 1864.\\nCooper, John, e. May 11, 1864.\\nCramer, Samuel E e. May 4, 1864.\\nCramer, A. J., e. May 4, 1864.\\nCollier, E., e. May 24, 1864, died Aug. 27, 1864, at Helena,\\nArk.\\nDerby, E., e. April 29, 1864.\\nDorothy, C. H., e. May 26, 1864.\\nEyer, Jacob, e. April 29, 1864.\\nFlesher, Wm. N., e. April 27, 1864.\\nFlesher, Jas. F., e. April 28. 1864.\\nGates, Horatio, e. May 11, 1864.\\nGoe, David E., e. May 7, 1864.\\nHall, Wni. A., e. May 9, 1864.\\nJoseph, Jno. W., e. May 10, 1864.\\nKoons, Cicero, e. April 29, 1864.\\nMudge, H. P., e. April 29, 1864.\\nMesservey, J. M., e. April 30, 1864.\\nNixon, Amos, e. May 3, 1864.\\nNewell, Wm. M., e. May 4,1864.\\nOsborn, George W., e. May 6, 1864, died Sept. 7, 1864, at\\nHelena, Ark.\\nParks, Leander, e. May 7, 1864.\\nPerrine, T. B., e. May 14, 1864.\\nPitman, A. M., e. May 3, 1864.\\nPenwell, John N., e. May 3, 1864.\\nReed, John W., e. May 10, 1864.\\nSires, John F.. e. May 4, 1864.\\nSumpton, W. R., e. May 14, 1864.\\nWilson, H. 0., e. May 7, 1864.\\nWilson, E. C, e. May 7, 1864.\\nFIRST CAVALRY.\\n[Note. This Regiment was mustered out at Austin, Texas,\\nFebruary 15, 1S66.]\\nLieut. Col. Jos. W. Caldwell, com. capt. Co. I Sept. 23,\\n1861, prmtd. maj. .\\\\ug. 26, 1862, prmtd. lieut. col.\\nAug. 21, 1863, wd. at Little Rock and Cajnden, m. o.\\nSept. 24, 1864.\\nCom. Sergt. Daniel Easley, e. June 13, 1861.\\nCompany A.\\nCorp. Samuel H. Newell, July 18, 1861.\\nCompany H.\\nSadler H. G. Bates, o. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864,\\ntrans, to V. B. C. April 28, 1865.\\nWagoner S. S. Bates, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nDickson, C, e. July 18, 1861, yet. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nCompany I.\\nFirst Lieut. Jos. H. Springer, e. as sergt. June 13, 1861,\\nprmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 9, 1805.\\nSecond Lieut. Wm. H. Kittcrman, com. Sept. 21, 1865^\\nresd. Nov. 3, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. Samuel M. Lindsey, e. as private July 18,\\n1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 9, 1865.\\nFirst Sergt. Benj. W. Searle, e. June 13, 1861, disd. March\\n13, 1863, disab.\\nSergt. Saml. Walker, e. July 18, 1861, disd. Sept. 12,\\n1863, disab.\\nSergt. Robt. P. Caldwell, e. Nov. 9, 1861.\\nSergt. Wm. B. Brim, e. June 13, 1861, died at Mountain\\nGrove, Mo.. March 12, 1863.\\nCorp. Thos. J. Meyers, e. June 13, 1861.\\nCorp. P. J. B. Ping, e. Oct. 1, 1861.\\nCorp. E. P. Jobe, e. Sept. 14, 1862, died at Little Rock,\\nArk.\\nCorp. Wm. Davis, e. July 18, 1861, disd. Nov. 1, 1862^\\ndisab.\\nCorp. A. J. Chapman, e. June 1.3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nFarrier R. B. Stevens, e. July 18, 1861.\\nBarnett, A. H., e. July 18, 1861.\\nBrills, N. W., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nBoster, J. M., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCreamer, Theo., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, w^d.\\nat Chalk Blufl ,died at Antwineville,Kau., of wds. re-\\nceived at Camden.\\nClark, M. S.. e. July 18, 1861, wd. at Chalk Bluff, vet. Jan.\\n1, 1864.\\nClark, Wm., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nClark, Thos., e. July 18, 1861, disd. March 24, 1862, disab.\\nDickens, Geo. W., vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nDavis, Jno. A., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nDavis, T. G., e. July 18, 1861.\\nEarl, Wm. D., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nGillespie, A. J., e. July 18, 1861.\\nGodfrey, L. N., e. July 18, 1861, vet. .Ian. 1, 1864.\\nHarris, Jos. C, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died July 7, 1863.\\nHendrickson, Jackson, e. July 18, 1861, wd. at Little\\nJobe, Jno! H.,e. Sept. 24, 1862.\\nLindsey, S. M., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nLinn, H. C, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nMacklin, Jno. M., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, kid.\\nin action at Antwineville, Ark\\nMcFarling, 0. H., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1864, died\\nat Little Rock.\\nMcGuire, Jas., e. June 13, 1861, deserted Jan. 6, 1863.\\nMyers, T. T., e. June 13, 1861.\\nMonroe, Wm. N., e. June 13, 1861, disd. March 1, 1863\\ndisab.\\nPriest, Geo. W., e. June 13, 1861.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "552\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY,\\nPing, W. N., e. June 13, 1861, disd. March 14, 1863, disab.\\nPhelps, A. B., e. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nRouse, Geo. W., e. 1861.\\nShreeve, Jno., e. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nStevens, Dexter, e. Aug. 13, 1861, kid. May 25, 1862.\\nSylvester, Geo. W.\\nThompson, J. N., vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCompany L.\\nTaylor, Wm.\\nCOMPANY UNKNOWN.\\nBicklev, Thos. R., e. Feb. 16, 1864.\\nBishop, Wra. N., e. Feb. 2, 1864.\\nCrandall, H. S., e. Feb. 12, 1864.\\nDecker, David, e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nDowrife, Jerome, e. Feb. 13, 1864.\\nDavis, Ira A., e. June 30, 1864.\\nEngland, Jas. K. P., e. Jan. 25, 1864.\\nFairburn, Hugh, e. Feb. 25, 18G4.\\nJobe, Wm. S., e. June 30, 1864.\\nKitterman, Jno., e. Feb. 23, 1864.\\nLair, Edw. B., e. Jan. 15, 1864.\\nMaclin, C. W., e. Feb. 12, 1864.\\nMcMains, David, e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nRobins, A., e. Feb. 12, 1864.\\nRobinson, T. C, e. Feb. 24, 1864.\\nVanwinkle, Wm., e. Feb. 4, 1864.\\nVanwlnkle, Willis, e. Feb. 4, 1864.\\nWilliams, Conrad, e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nTHIRD CAVALRY.\\n[Note. This regiment woa mustered out at Atlanta, Ga.,\\nAugust 9, 1865.]\\nAsst. Surg. Wm. L. Orr, com. April 21, 1862, surg. 2l8t\\nInf. Dec. 2, 1862.\\nB. V. S. Willard S. Lewis, e. Sept. 3, 1861, m. o. Nov.\\n30, 1862.\\nCompany D.\\nSergt. F. J. Comstock, e. Aug. 24, 1861, disd. July 10, 1862,\\ndisab.\\nSergt. N. Barnes, e. Aug. 24, 1861, captd. at La Grange,\\nArk., vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCorp. D. S. Beers, e. Aug. 24, 1861, wd. at Cold water,\\nTenn., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died at Macon, Ga.\\nBugler F. M. Bush, e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge.\\nBall, E., e. Feb. 4, 1864, wd. at Osage, Mo.\\nButin, C. J., e. Sept. 10, 1861, captd. at Pea Ridge.\\nDay, Jos., e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nDeford, W., e. Aug. 24, 1861, captd. at La Grange, Ark.\\nvet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nDuffey, David, e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nFairchild, Wm. J., e. Aug. 24, 1861, died at St. Louis.\\nGray, T. P., e. Aug. 24, 1861, kid. at battle of Pea Ridge.\\nMartindale, Wm T., e. Aug. 24, 1861, disd. June 5, 1862,\\ndisab.\\nMartindale, Jac. C, e. Aug. 24, 1861.\\nMyrick, S. G., e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nSellars, John, e. Aug. 24, 1861, kid. at Pea Bidge.\\nStrange, Wm. e. Sept. 27, 1861, captd. at La Grange, Ark.,\\nvet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nVoorhies, E., kid. at Pea Ridge.\\nCompany E.\\nEplay, Geo. W., e. Feb. 24, 1864.\\nEplay, Thos., e. Feb. 18, 1864.\\nFisher, Geo., e. Feb. 15, 1864.\\nKing, H. M., e. Feb. 10, 1864.\\nMoore, Geo., e. March 28, 1863.\\nSullivan, Jas., e. Feb. 15, 1864.\\nCompany K.\\nFirst Lieut. Geo. W. Stamm, e. as Q. M.^sergt. Sept. 3,\\n1861, prmtd. to 1st lieut. Sept. 21, 1864?\\nQ. M. Sergt. John D. Pickett, e. Sept. 3, 1861, disd. Sept.\\n29, 1862, disab.\\nSergt. W. H. Blake, e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd.\\nJuly 28, 1865.\\nSergt. Thos. E. Commons, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nCorp. A. D. Woodrufj; e. Sept. 3, 1861, disd. Sept. 18, 1862,\\ndisab.\\nWagoner A. K. Ewing, e. Sept. 3, 1861.\\nAustin, Wm., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at Ripley, Miss.,\\ndied at Andersonville.\\nBorman, T., e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at\\nRipley, Miss., died at Wilmington, N. C.\\nCarlton, A., e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nCommons, T. E.,e. Sept. 3. 1861.\\nCuch, John, e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nDay, Jos., e. Jan. 4, 1864.\\nHolt, Geo. W., e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nLewis, W. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nMillard, A., e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nMills, Jas. M., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at Gerard, Ala., died\\nat Columbus, Ga.\\nMcQueen, Hugh, March 15, 1864.\\nOrtloff, August, e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1. 1864.\\nTerrill, Robt., e. Sept. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died at\\nBlakesburg March 27, 1864.\\nCompany L.\\nRoby, F. A., e. Aug. 15, 1861, disd. Jan. 3, 1862, disab.\\nWilliamson, N. L., vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nWilson, L. S., 6. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nWilson, Jas., e. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nFoster, Luther.\\nFoster, William.\\nCompany M.\\nCom. Sergt. Richard Creamer, e. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. Jan.\\n1, 1864.\\nTeamster A. J. Graves, e. Oct. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nFOURTH CAVALRY.\\n[Note. This regiment was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga.,\\nAug. 10, 1865.]\\nCompany B.\\nRichie, A. S., e. Aug. 26, 1S62, disd. Oct. -8, 1864.\\nCompany C.\\nRidenour, B. D., e. Aug. 26, 1862.\\nCompany F.\\nCapt. Thos. J. Zollers, com. 1st lieut. prmtd. capt. Jan. 27,\\n1864, read. Feb. 1, 1864.\\nCapt. Newell P. Dana, e. as private Oct. 17, 1861, prmtd.\\ncapt. Feb. 2, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. Boyd P. Brim, e. as sergt. Oct. 14, 1861, prmtd.\\n2d lieut April 20, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 6, 1863\\nread. May 13, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. Elias B. Woodrufl, e. as sergt. Oct. 14, 1861,\\nprnited. 2d lieut. Feb 6, 1863, prmtd, 1st lieut. May\\n14, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. Wm. A. Heacock, kid. at Talbot s Ferry,\\nArk., April 9, 1862.\\nSecond Lieut. John T. Reynolds, e. as corp. Oct. 14, 1861,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 26, 1864.\\nSergt. Wm. H. Heacock, e. Oct. 14,1861, died at St Louis.\\nSergt. T. A. Cramer, e. Nov. 15, 1861, died at Keokuk.\\nCorp. Geo. W. Creath, e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863.\\nCorp. Wm. M. Harsin, e. Oct. 14, 1861, died at St. Louis\\nApril 29, 1863.\\nCorp. S. S. Woods, e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863.\\nBugler Jas. G. Henshaw, e. Oct. 17, 1861, captd. at Black\\nRiver, Miss.\\nFarrier John Dwire,e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nWagoner Daniel Henshaw, e. Oct. 17, 1861, disd. May 1,\\n1862, disab.\\nAllison, C. B., e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nBrown, Thos., e. Oct. 17, 1861.\\nCon well, Lott, e. Oct. 17, 1861, disd. Feb. 21, 1862.\\nClark, James, e. Oct, 14, 1861, disd. June 20, 1862.\\nGiger, B. F., e. Oct. 14, 1861.\\nGood, Jacob, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nHazen, Wm., e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nHazen, John S., e. Dec. 15, 1863.\\nHilton, Jesse K., Oct 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nHill, Bradford, e. Oct. 14, 1861, died at Agency City, Oct.\\n10, 1863.\\nHanks, Peter, e. Oct. 14, 1861, disd. Feb. 1, 1862, disab.\\nKazebeer, David, e. Nov. 11, 1861, vet Jan. 1, 1864.\\nMiller, Robert P., e. Oct. 29, 1861.\\nMcElhaney, J. A., e. Oct. 14, 1861.\\nMcNair, Jas. M., c. Oct. 14, 1861, trans, to V. R. C. April\\n29, 1864, disd. Nov. 22, 1864.\\nMyers, Geo., e. Oct. 19, 61, disd. as musician, July 22, i2.\\nTerrill, S. A., e. Oct. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n553\\nWheuler, Wm., e. Nov. 15, 18G1, died at West Plain, Mo.\\nWalker, F. R., e. Oct. 14, 61, wd. atMeohanicsbiirg, Miss.\\nWagers, H. B., e. Oct.t26, 61, captd. at Black River, trans,\\nto V. R. 0. April 29, 1864.\\nWilbor, Alford, e. Oct. 17, 1861, disd. July 6, 1863, for pro-\\nmotion in Missouri cav. regt.\\nSparks, H. A., e. Sept. 4, 1862, vet Jan. 1, 1864.\\nGibbs, Charles, e. Dec. 16, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nPelham, Asbury, p. Jan. 2.5, 1864.\\nCompany C.\\nHarrison, Richard, e. Oct. 14, 1861.\\nCompany L.\\nCorp. Wm. W. Dull, e. Sept. 19, 1861.\\nSergt. Samuel L. Miller, vet. Dec. 12, 1863.\\nRichie, A. S., e. Aug. 26, 1861.\\nCompany M.\\nBugler Samuel Schoonover, e. Nov. 7, 61, vot. Feb. 2, 64.\\nSEVENTH CAVALRY.\\n[Note. Tliis regiment was mustered out at Leavemvorth,\\nKan., May 17, 1S66.]\\nCol. Samuel W. Somers, com. Jan. 8, 1863, m. o. Jan.\\n31, 1865.\\nMaj. John S. Wood, com. capt. Co. A April 27, 1863,\\nprmtd. maj. July 8, 1863, m. o. Jan. 31, 1865.\\nMaj. John Wilcox, com. capt. Co; B April 27, 1863, pimtd.\\nmaj. Nov. 27, 1865. m. o. as capt.\\nSurg. Andrew J. Wiley, com. April 3, 1863.\\nAsst. Surg. Jas. W. La Force, com. May 15, 1863, read.\\nDec. 7, 1864.\\nAsst. Surg. Stephen P. Yeomans, com. July 27, 1863.\\nAdjt. Eugene S. Sheffield, com. March 1, 1863, prmtd. 2d\\nsergt. Co. D, 15th Inf., read. July 20, 1865.\\nQ. M. Wm. H. Northrup, com. March 25, 1863.\\nComy. Benj. F. Giger, com. July 23,1863, prmtd. sergt.\\nCo. B.\\nHosp. Steward D. S. Kees, e. March 10, 1863.\\nCompany A.\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acapt. Edward B. Murphy, com. Ist lieut. April 27, 1863,\\nprmtd. capt. July 8, 1863, resd. Dec. 23, 1865.\\nCapt. Thos. J. Potter, e. as gergt. Oct. 17, 1862, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. March 10, 1865, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 14, 1865,\\npi-mtd. capt. March 10, 1866.\\nSecond Lieut. James Grooms, e. as private Feb. 23, 1863,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. April 14, 1866.\\nQ. M. Sergt. W. H. Williams, e. Sept. 12, 1862.\\nSergt. Benj. Grooms, e. Feb. 23, 1863, kid. at Ft. Cotton-\\nwood by accidental explosion of shell.\\nSergt. Geo. W. Ellsworth, e. Oct. 10, 1862.\\nSergt. Jas. Harper, e. Sept. 16, 1862.\\nCorp. John M. Rupe, e. Sept. 17, 1862, died at Ft. Kear-\\nney Dec. 19, 1862, frozen to death.\\nCorp. Chas. Lumkly, e. Sept. 15, 1862, disd. Nov. 6, 1865,\\ndisah.\\nWagoner Daniel Neill, e. Feb. 14, 1862, disd. Jan. 15, 1863,\\ndisab.\\nBird, M. 0., e. Oct. 29, 1862.\\nBuchanan, E. R., e. Sept. 14, 1862.\\nCloyd, Benj., e. Sept. 19, 1862.\\nCasper, Rudolph, e. Sept. 24, 1862.\\nCoffin, T. C e. Sept. 12, 1862.\\nHiatte, Stephen, e. Oct. 15, 1862.\\nHartshorn, Edw., e. Oct. 21, 1862.\\nJohnston, C. H., e. Jan. 6, 1862.\\nLynch, John, e. Feb. 16, 1862.\\nJIcGee, Wm., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nMunn, Wm. E., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nPeterson, E., e. Oct. 2, 1862.\\nRiker, Henry, e. Oct. 15, 1862.\\nRodgers, Martin, e. Jan. 8, 1862, died April 26, 1865, at\\nFremont.\\nRoss, John, e. Nov. 6, 1862.\\nRupe, Israel, e. Sept. 17, 1862.\\nRhoads, J., e, Feb. 25, 1862, disd. Aug. 1, 1863, disab.\\nStanley, J. W., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nShirky, John B., e. Sept. 27. 1862, disd. Oct. 23, 1865,\\ndisab.\\nTunis, John L., e. Sept. 16, 1862, disd. Nov. 29, 1864,\\ndisab.\\nWilkson, I. E., e. Nov. 17, 1862.\\nWilksou, R. J. A., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nWilliams, Robert L., e. March 28, 1864.\\nCompany. B.\\nCapt. Thos. S. Parker, e.as sergt. Jan. 26, 1863, prmtd. 2d\\nlieut. Aug. 24, 1864, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 29, 1864,\\nprmtd. capt. Dec. 11, 1865.\\nFirst Lieut. John M. Phillips, com. April 27, 1863, read.\\nNov. 28, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. Francis J. Comstock, com. Jan. 20, 1863,\\nresd. Aug. 23, 1 864.\\nSecond Lieut. Geo. E. Rutin, e. as comy. sergt. Nov. 7,\\n1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 11, 1865.\\nSergt. Josiah C. Davis, e. March 21, 1863.\\nCorp. Daniel L. McLain, e. Nov. 7, 1862.\\nCorp. A. A. Davis, e. Nov. 7, 1862.\\nCorp. Geo. L. Nye, o. March 15, 1863.\\nCorp. John A. Pinegar, e. March 1, 1863, wd. at Plum\\nCreek, disd. June 1, 1865, wds.\\nCorp. Thos. L. Speed, e. Nov. 1, 1862.\\nCorp. John H. Morris, e. Oct. 28, 1862.\\nTrumpeter J. B. Summers, e April 5, 1863, deserted Aug.\\n10, 1863.\\nTrumpeter L. C. Williams, e. Nov. 6, 1862.\\nWagoner W. H. Wagoner, e. Nov. 2, 1862.\\nAnthony, Wm., e. Oct. 29, 1862.\\nBillings, S., e. Nov. 1, 1862.\\nBillings, L. W., e. Nov. 1, 1862.\\nClark, Rob. E., e. Feb. 11, 1863, kid. at Ft. Heath Jan. 18.\\n1866, while in act of resenting treatment of superior\\nofficers.\\nClark, Joel, e. Nov. 8, 1862.\\nCulbertaon, A., e. March 10, 1863.\\nCulbertson, Geo. W. B., e. March 11, 1863.\\nDavis, J. C, e. March 21, 1863.\\nEdwards, M., e. Feb. 18, 1863.\\nFoster, James, e. March 1, 1863.\\nFisk, F. C, e. Nov. 8, 1862.\\nHoover, Moses, e. Jan. 21, 1863.\\nMobley, J. C, e. Nov. 6, 1862.\\nMohley, S. P., e. Oct. 27, 1862.\\nMobley, Geo. G., e. Jan. 1.5, 1863.\\nMcMillin, LeGrand, e. Nov. 6, 1862.\\nMcFarland, John D., e. Feb. 14, 1863.\\nRoberts, S., e. Oct. 29, 1862.\\nStarkey, Caleb, e. Nov. 8, 1862, disd. Nov. 24, 1863, disab.\\nSperry, John, e. Nov. 8, 1862.\\nSimmons, T. P., e. Feb. 18, 1863.\\nThompson, Jas. A., e. Feb 5, 1863.\\nTenel, Leander, e. April 5, 1863.\\nVance, E. D., e. Nov. 6, 1862.\\nWilson, Erastus, e. Feb. 17, 1863.\\nCompany C.\\nCapt. Jonathan C. Mitchell, com. April 28, 1863, dis-\\nmissed Aug. 19, 1864.\\nCapt. Harrison W. Cremer.com. 1st lieut. April 28, 1863,\\nprmtd. capt. Aug. 2U, 1864.\\nQ. M. Sergt. Wm. P. Millisack, e. Dec. 1, 1862, died at Ft.\\nCottonwood.\\nSergt. Moses S. Ramsel, e. Nov. 4, 1862.\\nSergt. Peter Wade, e. Jan. 1, 1863.\\nCorp. Jas. K. Deford, e. Dec. 16, 1862.\\nCorp. Smith E. Forbes, e. Jan. 1, 1863.\\nCorp. Benj. M. Lyon, e. Nov. 6, 1862, died at Fort Cotton-\\nwood.\\nTrumpeter Isaac Beck, e. Nov. 14, 1862.\\nFarrier Wm. H. McMickle, e. Nov. 27, 1862.\\nCrandall, H. L., e. Jan. 1, 1863.\\nDethridge, Joseph M., e. Feb. 13, 1863, disd. June 3, I860,\\ndisab.\\nDopp, Chas., e. Nov. 18, 1862.\\nDavidson, H., e. March 20,1863.\\nEngle, H. M., e. March 10, 1863.\\nEastham, Wm. T., e. Dec. 25, 1862.\\nHondyshell, S. H., e. Nov. 20, 1863.\\nHill, A. J., e. Dec. 9, 1862, disd. June 6, 1865, disab.\\nHanks, Peter, 0. March 18, 1863.\\nJohnson, I. L., e. Jan. 8, 1863.\\nKimpson, Hugh, e. March 21, 1863.\\nMcClintock, A., Nov. 7, 1862.\\nMoshier, Wm. R., e. Nov. 27, 1862, kid. at Ft. Cotton-\\nwood.\\nSimpson, M-, e. Nov. 18, 1862.\\nStewart, Jos., e. Nov. 20, 1862.\\nShirkey, Hiram, e. Dec. 21, 1862.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "554\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nTannahill, H., e. March i4, 1864, died at Ft. Cotton-\\nwood.\\nVinson, Geo., e. March 10, 1863.\\nWyatt, Saml., e. Dec. 29, 1862.\\nTannahill, John L., e. March 24, 1864.\\nCompany D.\\nFirst Lieut. W. N. Monroe, com. April 28, 1863, resd. Aug.\\n23, 1864.\\nSergt. John S. Wellman, e. March 10, 1863.\\nCooper, L., e. April 1, 1863.\\nGrogor, Richard, e. March 1, 1863.\\nJones, Daniel, e. Feb. 11, 1863.\\nKees, D. S., e. March 10, 1863.\\nLuallen, Pleasant, e. Jan. 10, 1863.\\nMoore, Wm. T., e. March 10, 1863.\\nThornburg, A. G., e. March 15, 1863.\\nThatcher, C. A., e. Jan. 15, 1863.\\nWilliams, John, e. April 2, 1863.\\nCompany E.\\nCapt. George P. Norris, com. 1st. lieut. Jan. 3, 1863, prmtd.\\ncapt. June 3, 1865.\\nSergt. Benj. F. Giger, e. Nov. 14, 1862.\\nCorp. Lewis George, e. May 11, 1803.\\nFrary, Edgar, e. March 20, 1864, disd. date unknown.\\nFisher, John J., e. March 12, 1863.\\nFlerer, Wm. e. March 27, 18G4, disd. Aug. 10, 1864.\\nHulcomb, S. A., e. Feb. 18, 1863.\\nRoach, John C, e. April 1, 1863, deserted June 9, 1863.\\nThompson, J., e. April 5, 1863, disd. April 20, 1865.\\nCompany F.\\nCorp. George Butler, e. June 1, 1863.\\nJordon, J., e. June 1, 63, kid. in action at Julesburg, 0. T.\\nCompany G.\\nCollins, H. AV., e. May 28, 1803.\\nThomas, W. D., e. March 24, 1863.\\nCompany H.\\nSecond Lieut. Allen Ellsworth, com. July 13, 1863, from\\nsergt. Co. disd. C, July 9, 1864.\\nSergt. N. F. Munro, e. June 17, 1863.\\nCorp. Z. H. Bones, e. May 28, 1863.\\nLarge, Wm., e. June 18, 1863.\\nWellman, McG. W., e. June 23, 1S63.\\nCompany L.\\nCrawford, Geo., e. March 1, 1864.\\nCrowley, Patrick, e. Feb. 29, 1864, disd. May 16, 65, disab.\\nDulin, James, e. March 4, 1864.\\nIsrael, A. A., e. March 19, 1864.\\nLock, E. M., e. March 19, 1804.\\nMagee, John, e. March 11, 1864, kid. accidentally, March\\n12, 1804.\\nNye, John W., e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nTurner, L. G., e. Feb. 25, 1864.\\nThompson, Wm. E., e. March 4, 1864.\\nWard, N. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864.\\nCOMPANY UNKNOWN.\\nBucher, Richard, e. March 26, 1864.\\nBaker, David, e. April 16, 1864.\\nClark, John M., e. March 25, 1864.\\nDowing, Geo. W., e. March 21, 1864.\\nDoll, L. H., e. March 26, 1864.\\nForsythe, T. I., o. March .30, 1864.\\nMarch, N. B., e. March 31, 1S64.\\nMace, H. L., e. March 25, 1864.\\nMace, R., e. March 25, 1864.\\nNoe, Samuel, e. March 27, 1864.\\nSwinford, John R., e. March 25, 1864.\\nVance, 0. H., e. March 23, 1864.\\nEIGHTH CAVALRY.\\n[Note. This Regiment was mustered out at Macon, Ga.,\\nAug. 13, 1865.1\\nQ. M. John Q. A. Dawson, com. Sept. 17, 1863, resd.\\nMarch 29, 1864.\\nCompany B.\\nCapt. Wm. H. Evans, com. Sept. 30, 1863, wd. at Camp-\\nbellsville, Tenn., resd. March 9, 1865\\nFirst Lieut. John T. Ware, e. as 1st sergt. June 17, 1863,\\nprmtd. 2d lieut. April 2, 1864, prmtd. Ist lieut. Aug.\\n13, 1864.\\nSecond Lieut. D aniel Henshaw, com. sergt. Sept. 30, 1863,\\nresd. April 1, 1864.\\nQ. M. Sergt. Richard D. Williams, e. June 8, 1863.\\nCom. Sergt. Jas. A. Allison, e. June 13, 1863.\\nSergt. Samuel F. Craig, e. June 10, 1863, eaptd. at New-\\nnan, Ga.\\nSergt. C. R. Kinkade, e. June 24, 1863, kid. at Florence,\\nAla\\nSergt. Geo. W. Stephens, e. June 15, 1863.\\nSergt. John P. Glenn, e. June 26, 1863, trans, to Inv.\\nCorps July 30, 1864.\\nCorp. R. W. Hamilton, e. June 20, 1863.\\nCorp. T. J. Haywood, e. Aug. 4, 1863.\\nCorp. R. M. Young, e. June 20, 1863.\\nCorp. John C. McDole, e. July 6, 1863.\\nCorp. W. Catlin, e. Aug. 14, 1863.\\nTrumpeter A. J. Graham, e. June 20, 1863, captd. at New-\\nnan, Ga.\\nWagoner Thomas B. Cale, e. June 14, 1863, trans, to- Inv.\\nCorps April 30, 1864.\\nBurton, E. L., e. June 20, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\ndied at Annapolis.\\nBynim, E. L., e. July 6, 1863.\\nByrum, L. E., e. Aug. 15, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nBabb, H. C, e. June 22, 1863, wd. at Cassville, Ga.\\nConwell, John W., e. Aug. 6, 1863, wd. at Nashville, trans,\\nto Inv. Corps April 2, 1865.\\nConwell, Lott, e. Aug. 10, 1863.\\nCline, Simeon, e. Aug. 2, 1863.\\nCotter, James, e. Aug. 25, 1863.\\nFetter, A. J., e. June 20, 1863.\\nFrisby, Wm., e. June 22, 1863, died at Nashville.\\nGrifiBs, Wm. B., e. June 20, 1863, disd. Oct. 30, 1863.\\nGlenn, Jos. N., e. June 26, 1863.\\nGladson, Wm. P., e. June 17, 1863.\\nGettys, L. N., e. Aug. 15, 1863.\\nHale M., e. July 8, 1863, died at Kingston, Ga.\\nHill, A. M., e. June 20, 1863.\\nHarris, B., e. Aug. 1, 1863, captd. at Sipsy River, Ala.\\nHowe, Geo., e. Aug. 8, 1863, captd. at Sipsy River, Ala.\\nHand, E., e. Aug. 17, 1863, captd. at Sipsy River, Ala.\\nJourdon, John W., e. June 29, 1863.\\nJourdon, B. F., e. Julv 23, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nKerr, H. J., e. Aug. 11, 1863.\\nLewis, Geo., e. July 8, 1863, died at Nashville, Tenn.\\nLand, James, e. June 26, 1863.\\nMyers, J. C, e. July 4, 1863.\\nMoffat, Jos., e. June 20, 1863, captd. at Sipsy River, Ala.\\nMoffatt, Saml., e. June 20, 63, captd. at Sipsy River, Ala.\\nI Olney, L. W., e. July 6, 1863.\\nI Packer, F. G., e. July 19, 1863.\\nPollard. D. H., e. July 4, 1863.\\ni Roberts, P. H., e. Julv 10, 1863.\\nI Roberts, Wm. A., e. July 6, 1863.\\nRouze, Joseph E., e. June 20. 1863, wd. at Flerence, Ala.\\nRhodes, J. Q., e. July 24, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nShippv, S. R., e. June 11, 1863.\\nStuber, F., e. June 13, 1863.\\nSackett, Alex., e. Aug. 5, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nTharp, L. A., e. Julv 24, 1863.\\nTaylor, Samuel, e. July 21, 1863.\\nWilkins, G. W., e. June 10, 1863.\\nWilson, Alfred, e. June 20, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nWolf, H. 0., e. July 6, 1863, died at Nashville.\\nWilkins, Ralph, e. Julv 15, 1863, wd., died at Keokuk.\\nWolf, H. D., e. July 6, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga., died\\nat Wilmington, N. C.\\nCompany H.\\nBarrows, Jas. C, e. July, 1863.\\nBeed, Geo. J., e. Aug., 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nCompany L.\\nCapt. Aaron Piiiney, com. Sept. 30, 1863.\\nSecond Lieut. Newton Doggett, e. as sergt. Aug. 8, 1863,\\ncaptd. at Newnan, Ga., prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 28, 1865.\\nSergt. H. D. Owen, e. June 9, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nSergt. John Underwood, e. June 11, 1863, died at Nash-\\nville.\\nCorp. John Clark, e. July 15, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga.\\nSaddler N. W. Collier, e. June 10, 1863.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "WAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\n555\\nWagoner E. Ashcraft, e. June 13, 1863.\\nBarnett, 0. P., e. June 28, 1863.\\nBackus, Jas. M., e. July 27, 1863, captd. at Kingston, Ga.,\\ndied at Andersonville.\\nCochran, Jas. H., e. Aug. 17, 1863, wd. at Florence.\\nDuley, John M., e. July 8, 1803.\\nGotte, Joseph, e. June 27, 1863.\\nGoodwin, 0., e. Aug. 4, 1863.\\nIlendren, E. K., e. June 19, 1863.\\nHazlett, E. C, e. June 14, 1863.\\nHendricks, W. A., e. Sept. 2, 1863.\\nJewett, A., e. June 10, 1863. disd. Aug. 11, 1864, disab.\\nKlingler, Geo. W., e. June 10, 1863.\\nMerryfield, John F., e. Aug. 10, 1863.\\nMorrow, Samuel E., e. July 20, 1863.\\nManro, Geo. W., e. Aug. 17, 1863, wd. at Campbellville,\\nTenn.\\nMcCormick, S., e. July 27, 1863.\\nMercer, B. C, e. Aug. 11, 1863.\\nMcVey, H. K., e. Aug., 1863.\\nPacker, A., e. June 10, 1863, disd. April 27, 1864.\\nPlace, Jolin W., e. July 10, 1863.\\nPeterson, John A., e. July 8, 863, wd. at Cypress Creek,\\nAla.\\nRenfro, John B., e. July 22, 1863.\\nSheafer, P. M., e. July 27, 1863.\\nThompson, T. J., e. July 12, 1863.\\nTaylor, John W., e. June 1.5, 1863.\\nWhipple, Joseph, e. Aug. 20, 1863.\\nCompany M.\\nSaddler Geo. W. Lindsay, e. July 9, 1863.\\nNINTH CAVALRY.\\n[Note. -The volunteers of this regiment tuere mustered out\\nat Little liock, Feb. 3, 1SG6 field staff and Companies A\\nC and D, Feb. 28; Company I, March 15; Company B\\nMarch 2S.]\\nCompany B.\\nSergt. William Ware, e. Oct. 9, 1863.\\nCompany C.\\nFirst Lieut. Thomas J. Reigart, com. Nov. 30, 1863, res.\\nMay 22, 186.5.\\nSergt. William M. Gill, e. Aug. 18, 1863.\\nCorp. John B. Brown, e. Aug. 12, 1863.\\nFarrier G. C. Bell, e. Sept. 25, 1863.\\nBatson, Henry, e. Aug. 16, 1863.\\nCarhartt, Clay, e. Oct. 10, 1863.\\nCarver, J. H., e. Oct. 5, 1863, died at Little Rock, Ark.\\nGodfrey, I. I., e. Oct. 6, 1863.\\nKing, Charles, e. Sept. 5, 1863.\\nMuUeni.x, David, e. Aug. 21, 1863.\\nRandolph, I., e. Aug. 12, 1863.\\nWolfe, Levi, e. Sept. 12, 1863.\\nWilliams, Thomas, e. Sept. 26, 1863.\\nCompany I.\\nCapt. Cyrus C. Bitner, cum. Nov. 30, 1863, resd. Aug. 3, 64.\\nFirst Lieut. Thomas J. Lafferty, com. Nov. 30, 1863, resd.\\nJuly \u00e2\u0080\u00a2n, 1864.\\nFirst Lieut. John H. Killinbargar, e. as sergt. Oct. 15,\\n1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. May 10, 1865.\\nSergt. Elias VVhited, e. Sept. 1, 1863, died at Memphis.\\nSergt. C. M. Lazenby, e. Sept. 1, 1863.\\nCorp. John P. Heskett, e. Sept. 1, 1863.\\nCorp. Mahlon Lappin, e. Sept. 1, 1863.\\nCorp. F. A. Jones, e. Sept. 16, 1863.,\\nCorp. Harry Jones, e. Sept. 15, 1863.\\nCorp. James F. Askey, e. Sept. 1, 1863.\\nFarrier Wm. W. Napier, e. Sept. 15, 1803.\\nWagoner Michael Burk, e. Sept. 21, 1863.\\nAnnaws, W. N., e. Sept.:29, 1863.\\nCarson, James, e. Sept. 11, 1863, disd. May 5, 1864, disab.\\nCrowl, J. E., e. Oct. 15, 1863.\\nFaris, William, e. Oct. 21, 1863.\\nMarshall, J. N., e. Oct. 1, 1863.\\nMcMaster, W. B., e. Nov. 23, 1863.\\nPhillips, S. B., e. Oct. 16, 1863.\\nPike, H. C, e. Sept. 15, 1863.\\nPorter, J. H., e. Oct. 31, 1863.\\nPowelson, L., Oct. 5, 1863.\\nPyatt, John, e. Sept. 30, 1863.\\nBegester, J. E., e. Oct. 15, 1863.\\nBuffcorn, W. H.,e. Oct. 15, 1863, died at Eddyville, June\\n8, 1864.\\nSalon, J. W., e. Sept. 10, 1863.\\nWard, Simon, e. Oct. 10, 1863.\\nWard, J. M., e. Oct. 10, 1863.\\nCompany K.\\nFirst Lieut. Wallace B. Goodal, com. 1st lieut. from Regt.\\nQ. M. sergt. Sept. 19, 1865.\\nBrown, C, e. Oct. 28, 1S63.\\nEUer, C, e. Oct. 28, 1863.\\nCompany M.\\nPumroy, John, com. Nov. 30, 1862, died at Ottumwa.\\nQ. M. Sergt. Henry Simons, e. Aug. 21, 1863.\\nSergt. Sidney A. Jones, e. Aug. -25, 1863.\\nSergt. Merritt M. Ford, e. Aug. 4, 1863, died at Ottumwa,\\nFeb. 19, 1805.\\nCorp. E. T. Muna, e. Aug, 25, 1863.\\nTrumpeter W. J. Osterhaut, e. Sept. 1, 1863.\\nAdams, J. J., e. Sept. 14, 1863.\\nAllen, J. S., e. July 29, 1863.\\nBurns, Hugh, e. Sept. 14, 1863.\\nFightmaster, Alexander, e. July 22, 1863.\\nKibler, J. D., e. Aug. 4, 1863.\\nOsterhaut, C. E., e. July 22, 1863, kid. at Lewisburg, Ark.,\\nshot by guard during a riot.\\nPegg, W. J., e. Nov. 11, 1863.\\nPayne, J. J., e. Aug. 28, 1863.\\nParsons, J. A., e. Aug. 12, 1863.\\nWolf, John, e. Oct. 9, 1863.\\nMISCELLANEOUS.\\nFirst Infantry.\\nHoag, Stephen, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. Aug. 25, 1861.\\nOtt, Gottfred, e. Aug. 23, 1861, m. o. Aug. 25. 1861.\\nBeltzer, John, e. April 20, 1861, m. o. Aug. 25, 1861.\\nBrown, Edward P., e. April 20, 1861, m. o. Aug. 25, 1861.\\nThird Infantry.\\nNidiver, Geo. M., e. June 1, 1861, m. o. June or July, 1864.\\nFourtli Infantry.\\n[Note.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 TAts regiment was mustered at Louisville, Ku.,\\nJuly ^U, 1S65.]\\nCorp. Thos. Pomeroy, e. July 4, 1861, trans, to Inv. Corps.\\nMcGraw, John, e. Dec. 6, 1861.\\nAtkinson, John W., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nAllen, Wm. W., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nAllen, John L., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nBigham, Robert, e. June 16, 1864.\\nCrawford, E. M., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nCase, D. T., e. Sept. 15, 1862.\\nDutton, Jeremiah, e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nFoster, Torrence, e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nGibbs, F. M., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nGreenlee, M., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nGornes, Jas. B., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nHawk, Wm., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nLewellen, Wm. T., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nLaing, Geo. J., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nMillard, John H., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nNelson, N. G., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nPennebaker, Wm., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nPoplin, R. G. JI., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nRatclifl e, Wm. A., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nRobinson, Wm., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nRush, Frederick, e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nShumord, John L., e. Sept. 18, 1862.\\nSixth Infantry.\\nCorp. Hiram Hull, e. July 1, 1861, disd. Nov. 25, 1862,\\ndisab.\\nBrown, Geo. A., e. July 1, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862. m. o.\\nJuly 24, 1865.\\nBradley, E. P., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd., m. o. July 24, 1865.\\nMcGonegal, vet. Jan. 1, 1864.\\nEighth Infantry.\\nCummins, W. H., e. 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862,\\nvet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. April 20, 1866.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "556\\nWAR RECORD OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\nFirst Lieut. J. G. Harrow, corn. Sei)t. 2.3, 1861, read. Dec.\\n31, 1861.\\nDougherty, Wm., e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. April 20, 1866.\\nGrier, Geo., died Dec. 26, 1864, of wds.\\nJohnson, Wm., e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. April 20, 1866.\\nTenth Infantry.\\nHolland, J. W., e. Aug. 22, 1861, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865.\\nEleventh Infantry.\\nSecond Lieut. Wm. M. Twiggs, e. Sept. 17, 1861, com. Oct.\\n3, 1861, was private in Co. C, 1st Inf., m. o. July 15,\\n1865.\\nThirteenth Infantry,\\nAsst. Surg. Seneca B. Thrall, com. Aug. 19, 1862, resd.\\nApril 4, 1864.\\nReed, D. M., e. Oct. 10, 1861, vet. Dec. 1, 1863, m. o. July\\n21, 1865.\\nFourteenth Infantry.\\nMusician Francis W. Kimble, e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. Nov.\\n16, 1864.\\nLittlefield, Wm. C, e. Oct. 17, 1862, m. o. Nov. 16, 1864.\\nBartholomew, Robt., e. Oct. 18, 1861, missing at Shiloh,\\ndied Aug. 5, 1863.\\nBearden, Wm.,e.0ct.l7, 1861, captd. at Shiloh.\\nTurner, Hiram, e. Oct. 1, 1861, died at Macon May 19, 62.\\nClark, W. F., e. March 28, 1862.\\nTwenty-first Infantry.\\nSurg. Wm. L. Orr, com. Dec. 2, 1862, from asst. surg. 3d\\nCav. resd. Oct. 29, 1864.\\nTwenty-third Infantry.\\nBrowning, W. S., e. March 29, 1864, m. o. July 26, 1865.\\nTwenty-eighth Infantry.\\nHunter, Jos., e. Dec. 12, 1863, wd. Sept. 19, 1864, m. o.\\nJuly 31, 1865.\\nMurphy, L M., e. Dec. 12, 1863, disd. Nov. 23, 1864.\\nTwenty-ninth Infantry.\\nThompson, John E., e. Feb. 14, 1864, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865.\\nThirtieth Infantry.\\nAsst. Surg. J. C. Stoddard, com. Feb. 17, 1863, com. de-\\nclined and canceled.\\nBryant, Benj., e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps.\\nBerry, John P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 5, 1865.\\nCorp. Thos. B. Fleanor, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 5,\\n1865.\\nCarr, Arthur, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died April 17, 1863.\\nJackson, Geo. W., e. Aug. 17, 1862, died May 20, 1863.\\nThirty-third Infantry.\\nSmith, Marion, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865.\\nTrent, Josiah, e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865.\\nBrooks, Peter, e. Feb. 4, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865.\\nMitchell, Wm. W., e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865.\\nTrent, John, e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865.\\nForty-fourth Infantry.\\nMiddleton, Loomis, e. May 7, 1864, m. o. Sept. 15, 1864.\\nForty-fifth Infantry.\\nWallace, A. A., e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1864.\\nForty-eighth Infantry.\\nParsons, Jas., e. June 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864.\\nSecond Cavalry.\\nLarimore, M. K.. e. March 10, 1862, died at Hambure.\\nTenn.\\nGartner, D. M., e. March 10, 1862, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865.\\nFuller, S. J., e. March 19, 1862, died June 13, 1864.\\nLewis, Rufus, e. Aug. 3, 1862, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865.\\nMargaretz, Herman, e. April 1, 1862, missing in battle\\nof Boonesville July 1, 1862.\\nSamuel G. Vannice, e. March 1, 1864, died March 22, 1865,\\nat Eastport, Miss., as 1st sergt.\\nFifth Cavalry.\\nBell, Dora, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nBesco, Henry, disd. Feb 7, 1862.\\nLeonard, Thos., disd. April 27, 1862.\\nCoan, W. S., e. March 17, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nPerrin, F., e. March 27, 1864, m. o. Aua;. 11, 1865.\\nGuinn, Wm., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nGuinn, John C, e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nLynch, Jacob, e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nLynch, Wm. M., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nStaton, Wm. M., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nThompson, J. S., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.\\nFirst Battery Light Artillery.\\nJr. Second Lieut. D. M. Parks, e. at sergt., 1861,prmtd 2d\\nlieut. March 19, 1864, resd. June 14, 1864.\\nJr. Second Lieut. Jas. Thomas, e. as private, 1861, prmtd.\\n2d lieut. June 13, 1865.\\nSergt. W. M. Van Zant, died Feb. 12, 1864, at St. Louis.\\nSergt. D. M. Sparks, m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nCorp. Chas. R. Parks, died at Milliken s Bend, La., March\\n7,1802.\\nArtf. Benj. Corbin, wd. and disd. June 16, 1863, disab.\\nGardner, J. M., m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nHalsted, Wm. D., wd., m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nKing, Fletcher, died April 29, 1864, at Agency City.\\nMills, Wm. H., died Nov. 5, 1862, at Helena, Ark.\\nParkhurst, Reese, kid. at Pea Ridge.\\nRush, Ross, wd. at Vicksburg.\\nTemple, Jas. A.,m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nTosh, Geo. T., m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nDay, Henry, m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nEven, Thompson, e. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nFerris, S. R., e. Oct. 10, 1864, m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nThomas, Even, e. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. July 5, 1865.\\nGales, Washington, e. Oct. 10, 1864, disd. June 6, 1865,\\ndisab.\\nFourth Battery.\\nHobbs, Wm. T., e. Aug. 27, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1865.\\nLogan, Jacob, e. Aug. 21, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1865.\\nMounts, John S., e. Aug. 18, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1865.\\nFirst Iowa Infantry (A. D.)\\nSergt. Wm. Phillips, e. Aug. 29, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nBedinger, Jep., e. Aug. 25, 1863, died Nov. 3, 1864, at Hel-\\nena, Ark.\\nCarroll. Jas., e. Aug. 20, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nHarrison, H., e. Aug. 20, 1863, died July 29, 64, at Helena,\\nArk., of wds.\\nLewis, Robert, e. Aug. 25, 1863, died Sept. 1, 1864, at Hel-\\nena, Aik.\\nMcBride, Hiram, e. Aug. 25, 1863. died Aug. 10, 1864, at\\nHelena, Ark.\\nBasket, N., e. Sept. 2, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nBuck, Moses, e. Sept. 2, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nBrown, Benj., e. Sept. 24, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nDavis, Wm., e. Sept. 2, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nHolloway, J., e. Aug. 28, 1863, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nLewis, CUas., e. Sept. 4, 1863, ni. o. Oct. 15, 1865.\\nSecond Cavalry, M. S. M.\\nHendricks, A. E., e. Feb. 13, 1862.\\nTwenty-fifth Missouri Infantry.\\nFirst Lieut. W. H. P. Norris, e. July 26,1861, prmtd. from\\n2d sergt. Co. K, 2d Inf Aug. 6, 1861.\\nTenth III. Cavalry.\\nDoonegan, W., e. Aug. 16, 1862.\\nTwenty-fifth III. infantry.\\nWest, A. J.\\nThirty-fifth III. Infantry.\\nToll. Wm. M., e. July 3, 1861.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTOEY.\\n^^BBR.E VI^TIOlSrS\\nagt agent\\ncarp carpenter\\nelk clerk\\nCo company or county\\ndlr dealer\\nfar farmer\\ngro.V... grocer\\nI. V. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery\\nI. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry\\nI. Y. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry\\nlab laborer\\nmach machinist\\nmech mechanic\\nmer merchant\\nnifr manufacturer\\nmkr maker\\np. Post Office\\nprop proprietor\\nS. or Sec Section\\nSt street\\ngupt superintendent\\nTreas Treasurer\\nOTTUMWA CITY.\\nA DLER, P. E., saloon.\\nABEIil^, O. K., dealer in groceries\\nand provisions born in Framingham\\nMass., Oct. 12, 1835 when he was\\nquite young, his parents removed to\\nHartford, Conn. He enlisted in the fall\\nof 1861 in the 1st Conn. Battery\\nserved three years was in all engage-\\nments his battery participated in. Came\\nto Ottumwa in the spring of 1867 in\\npresent business ever since. Married\\nEmily P. Pitkin in 1866 she was born\\nin East Hartford, Conn.\\nAdler, S. E., attorney.\\nAinley, Joseph, laborer.\\nAlexander, James, carperrter.\\nAliliEX, ELI, proprietor of the\\nRiverside House; born Sept. 7, 1810,\\nin Washington Co., Penn. in 1813,\\ncame to Hamilton; in 1826, moved to\\nFranklin Co., Ind. in 1857, to Wapello\\nCo., and in 1871, to the city of Ottumwa.\\nWhile living at Agency City, was elect-\\ned Mayor served three years also\\nelected to fill the unexpired term of\\nJustice of the Peace at Agency City.\\nMarried Ellen Jackman May 21, 1835\\nhad fourteen children Solomon, Will-\\niam J.,Ephraim T., Theodore H., Sarah\\nC, JuUa A., Harriet J., Matilda J.,\\nCharles F., David E., Warren 0., Sam-\\nuel H., Samuel, Mary S.\\nAliliEX, liEAMAN J., born in\\nBath, Steuben Co., N. Y., July 31,\\n1833; moved to Oakland Co., Mich.,\\nwith his parents, when ten years of age\\nfour years after, to Farmington, Van\\nBuren Co., Iowa remained five years\\nthence to Memphis, Mo. six years after,\\ncame to Fairfield, Jefferson Co. En-\\nlisted in Co. B, 19th Iowa V. I.; served\\nin that company one and a half years\\nre-enlisted in Co. K., 45th Iowa V. I.\\nwas promoted to Second Lieutenant in\\nthe 100- days service. Came to Ottumwa\\nfall of 1864; engaged as foreman of\\nGrimes wagon-factory, which place he\\nheld for eight years carried on wagon\\nmanufacturing several years the last\\ntwo years, has been on the police force.\\nMarried Martha E. Noble December,\\n1856; born in Pennsylvania; had four\\nchildren two died in infancy, two liv-\\ning Curtis and Everett. Mrs. Allen\\nis a member of the M. E. Church.\\nAmelang, Paul, cigar-maker and taxider-\\nmist.\\nAnderson, John, laborer.\\nAnson, W. J., attorney.\\nAXTROIiOrS, R. li., grocer, E.\\nMain St.; residence cor. Jefferson and\\nFourth sts.; born Sept. 22, 1828, in\\nIndiana; in 1857, came to Wapello Co.,\\nand has been a resident here ever since\\nin 1877, he commenced his present", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "558\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nbusiness. Married Miss H. M. Ardery\\nin 1857 she was born in 1838, in De-\\ncatur Co., Ind.; have four children\\nIra, Emma, Clara and Cora has a son\\nby a former marriage, John H. Mr.\\nA. has held about all of the township\\noffices. Members of the jc resbyterian\\nChurch. Republican.\\nARMSTRONG, l^YRUS, painter;\\nborn Sept. 25, 1839, in Montgomery\\nCo., Ind moved to Ottumwa in the\\nspring of 1844. Enlisted in the 15th\\nIowa V. I., and was engaged in the\\nbattle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, and\\nthe battle of Corinth in 1862 battle of\\nVicksburg, and through all the siege at\\nVicksburg, and then he joined the com-\\nmand of General Sherman in front of\\nthe Kenesaw Mountain, and was in all\\nthe battles and skirmishes of that com-\\nmand up to the final surrender of the\\nrebel army mustered out Nov. 14,\\n1864. Married Dec. 24, 1868, Margaret\\nCole, daughter of the Rev. J. L. Cole\\nhave four children Mary, Effie, Wil-\\nlie and Grace.\\nARMSTRONG, W. B., was born\\nin Milford, Penn., Aug. 10, 1830;\\nmoved to New York State in infancy\\nlived there until 21 years old then\\nmoved to St. Louis was in a commis-\\nsion house moved to Athens, Clark\\nCo., Mo.; engaged in merchandising,\\nand agency of railroad in 1861, moved\\nto Ottumwa and engaged in the inter-\\nest of the K., F. D. M. R.\\nR. Co. up to November, 1872;\\nthen for the B. M. R. R. as\\ngeneral agent, and since, as local agent\\nfor the C, B. Q. R. R. Co. Married\\nVirginia S. Thone in March, 1858\\nwas member of the City Council two\\nterms City Treasurer two terms held\\nthe office of Trustee of Public Schools\\nthree years, and, in 1862, assisted in re-\\ncruiting Co. M,9th Iowa Cav. intended\\ngoing with the Company, but his brother\\nwas desirous of going, and both could\\nnot leave. Had four children Will-\\niam, Mary E., Paul 0., and one de-\\nceased Anna T.\\nArmstrong, D., painter.\\nAsbury, W. H. H.\\nAverill, D. W., dentist.\\nDABBITT, E. F., clerk.\\nBACHMAN, C. F. W., manufact-\\nurer and jobber of furniture, and deal-\\ner in stoves and house-furnishing goods\\n(established in 1868) born in Prussia\\nFeb. 26, 1838; came to the United\\nStates in 1838; first located at Goshen.\\nInd, where he learned the tinner s trade\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1866. Married\\nMiss M. J. Heaton in May, 1864,; she\\nwas born in Muscatine, Iowa they\\nhave five children Jessie G., Cora A.,\\nLouis M., Mary A. and Stella. Mem-\\nbers of the First M. P]. Church. From\\nJuly 1, 1861, Mr. B. served one year\\nas musician in the 14th 111. V. I.\\nBACHMAN, CHARLES,\\nwatchmaker, wholesale and retail dealer\\nin watches, clocks and jewelry, silver\\nand plated ware, etc.; born at Fort\\nWashington, Montgomery Co., Penn.\\nJune 29, 1840; parents removed to\\nPhiladelphia while an infapt when\\nabout 12 years of age, moved with them\\nto Allentown, Penn. there learned the\\nwatchmaker s trade; in 1860, he went\\nto Philadelphia, and worked at his trade.\\nAugust 18, 1861, he enlisted in\\nCompany B, 47th Pennsylvania Vol-\\nunteer Infantry was in all the engage-\\nments of his regiment was wounded\\nat battle of Cedar Creek, October 19,\\n1864 mustered out as Commissary\\nSergeant of his regiment in July, 1866.\\nAfter leaving the army, returned to\\nAllentown and worked at his trade for\\ntwo years then came to Chicago from\\nJanuary to October 1868, he was located\\nin Chicago and Ottawa, 111. October\\n1868, came to Ottumwa.\\nBaker, J. D., County Surveyor.\\nBaker, J. G., retired.\\nBaker, Nick, grain dealer.\\nBaker, S. D., clerk.\\nBaker, T. P., grocer.\\nBaker, Wm., painter.\\nBallard, Wm.\\nBALLINOAL.I., PETER O.,\\nis a native of Scotland born in Glas-\\ngow March 3, 1830 when about seven\\nyears old, he came to America and be-\\ngan his active, self-reliant career as an\\nerrand boy, in the Province of Ontario\\nbefore he was 11 years old he walked\\nfrom Coburg, seventy-three miles below\\nToronto, to Chicago, by a roundabout\\nway, a distance of seven or eight hun-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n559\\ndred miles he served in various capaci-\\nties in different hotels in Chicago, and\\nwas finally appointed receiver of the\\nLake House, which place he filled very\\nacceptably to the guests until 1855;\\nsoon after this he traveled through most\\nof the Southern States upon his re-\\nturn, he became steward of the Briggs\\nHouse, Chicago, and soon after the\\nproprietor of the Haskall House, Gales-\\nburg subsequently, had charge of the\\nIvin s House, Keokuk, Iowa, and of the\\nAshland House at Bentonsport he was\\nalso concerned in hotels at Fairfield and\\nAgency City came to Ottumwa in\\n1858 for nine years was proprietor of\\na stage-line from this place to Bloom-\\nfield, and in 1866 built the Ballingall\\nHouse, which is the leading hotel in\\nOttumwa he is also proprietor of the\\nDepot Hotel he has been active in all\\npublic measures. Was commissioned\\nMajor of the 5th Begiment of the Iowa\\nNational Guards on the 2()th of May,\\n1876, and was presented, by the Sher-\\nidan Guards, with a handsome gold-\\nmounted sword he was commissioned\\nColonel on the 10th of April, 1877,\\nand has received the nomination from\\nnearlj all the companies in the State\\nfor Major General he has been the\\nrecipient of a large number of valuable\\ntestimonials from various public sources,\\nand has been unvaryingly enterprising,\\npublic-spirited and energetic.\\nBAXE, GFiORGE, Deputy County\\nTreasurer; born in Marshall Co., West\\nVa., Jan. 6, 1833 in 1835, moved to\\nto Urbana, Ohio; lived there until\\n1872 engaged in farming and teaching,\\nalternately, from 1852 to 1872 taught\\nin the public schools of that locality\\nengaged in mercantile business one year\\nserved as Assessor and Deputy U. S. Mar-\\nshal. In the fall of 1872, came to Bich-\\nland Township, Wapello Co., Iowa was\\nfarming and teaching in this county until\\n1877; has held his present position\\nsince Jan. 1, 1878 married Bebecca J.\\nMcCaugh May 9, 1861 she was born\\nin Washington Co., Penn., Nov. 20,\\n1832 have three children William,\\nCharles and George A. Mrs. Bane is\\na member of the Presbyterian Church.\\nBannister, D., secretary and treasurer Gas\\nCompany.\\nBarkwell, Samuel, omnibus-driver.\\nBAKXEN, ALBERT N., born\\nAug. 12, 1844, in Bichland Co., Ohio\\nmoved with parents to Wapello Co., in\\n1854. Enlisted in Company F, 4th Iowa\\nCavalry served 2 years in the army\\nappointed Assistant Postmaster of\\nOttumwa in 1873 held that position\\nup to the present time. Married Lizzie\\nL. Martin, May 31, 1874; they have\\none child, Hattie Barnes.\\nBarnes, G. C.\\nBarton, J. G., teamster.\\nBeatty, Joseph, laborer.\\nBauer, John, brewer.\\nBayliss, W. J., shoemaker.\\nBayston, Henry, laborer.\\nBeckworth, C. L.\\nBedwell, G. T., clerk.\\nBeeler, J. J., laborer.\\nBell, A. W., railroad conductor.\\nBellmont, James, wagon-maker.\\nBerry, D.\\nBerry, P., blacksmith.\\nBetts, C. W., traveling salesman.\\nBickley, T. B., plasterer.\\nBigham, Bobert, cigar-maker.\\nBigham, Thomas, attorney.\\nBills, J. C, painter.\\nBliACKIiEY, JAMES T., born\\nin Adams Co., 111., March 10, 1847;\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1870, and is acting\\nas Constable, which oflBce he has held\\nfor two years. Is a member of A., F.\\nA. M., belonging to Lodge No. 465,\\nof Illinois. Bepublican.\\nBEAKE, CHARLES F., Presi\\ndent of the Iowa National Bank\\nborn in Prussia Oct. 12, 1823; in\\n1837, came to this country, locating\\nin Hamilton Co. Ohio after three\\nyears, removed to Indianapolis Feb-\\nruary, 1845, came to Ottumwa has re-\\nsided here since, with the exception of\\na three-years sojourn in California from\\n1850 to 1853 in 1865, engaged in the\\ndrug business, under the firm name of\\nTaylor, Blake Co., and followed that\\nfor nine years was one of the original\\nstockholders and directors of the Iowa\\nNational Bank has always been identi-\\nfied prominently with the railroad and\\nother public enterprises which have so\\ngreatly benefited Ottumwa was Vice\\nPresident of the bank until December,\\n1873, at which time was elected Presi-\\n1", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "560\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\ndent, and has since retained that responsi-\\nble position. Was elected Alderman\\nfrom his ward for eight or nine years\\nhas also served as City Treasurer, City\\nAssessor, and in other capacities. Mar-\\nried Polly Kingsley, of Onondaga Co.,\\nN. Y., June 9, 1856; she died June\\n13, 1876 left two children Juliette\\nK., now Mrs. Calvin Manning, of Ot-\\ntumwa, and Cyrus K. Mr. Blake was\\nmarried to Mrs. Jennie E. Stevens.\\nBlind, Conrad, saloon.\\nBlunck, H., cigar maker.\\nBoline, W. H., molder.\\nBolinger S., clerk, with J. B. Miller.\\nBoltz, T. J., attorney.\\nBOWNIFIELD, B., was born\\nin Randolph Co., W. Va., Feb. 23,\\n1827 removed with his parents to\\nJefferson Co., Iowa, in the spring of\\n1837 lived on a farm, nine miles east\\nof Fairfield was there when the county\\nwas surveyed, and remained until 1843,\\nwhen he attended school at Mt, Pleas-\\nant for a year and a half taught school\\nnear Burlington was engaged in teach-\\ning and farming until 1849, when he\\nattended Alleghany College, Meadville,\\nPenn., for two and a half years in the\\nfall of 1857, he went to Kentucky,\\nand taught for two years afterward,\\nto Missouri, and taught one year in\\n1854, he went to California and engaged\\nin mining and stock-raising, until April,\\n1860, when he came to Ottumwa here\\nhe engaged in private banking, under\\nthe firm of Bonnifield Bros, from Oct.\\n15, 1861, until the organization of the\\nFirst National Bank, Oct. 19, 1863, the\\nfirst national bank in this section of the\\nState he was appointed as Cashier, and\\nsoon after, as President, which position\\nhe has held ever since, with the excep-\\ntion of one year, during which time Mr.\\nHawley filled that place Mr. Bonni-\\nfield was President and Treasurer of the\\nIowa Central Coal Co., at Oskaloosa,\\nfor one year he was Treasurer of the\\nSt. Louis Cedar Rapids R. R. Co.,\\nabout six years, until the road was sold\\nout, and has always been prominently\\nidentified with railroads and other pub-\\nlic enterprises likely to improve the ma-\\nterial interests of Ottumwa he has\\nbeen President of the Ottumwa Water-\\nPower Co., from 1875 up to date. Mar-\\nried to Alcinda Inskeep Oct. 28, 1862;\\nshe was born at Hillsboro, Ohio, Sept.\\n30, 1833 have three children Mary\\nT., Lizzie B. and Willie B. Members\\nof the First M. E. Church.\\nBosworth, L. D., traveling agent.\\nBAUDE, CHARLES E., was\\nborn April 23, 1844, in Butler Co.,\\nOhio moved with his parents to\\nCarthage, 111., in 1854; to Ottumwa in\\n1866 was in the employ of the K.\\nD. R. R. Co., till they leased the road\\nto the C, R. I. P., and since, with\\nthe present company, as station agent.\\nMarried Mary M. Sharp Oct. 9, 1873\\nhave one child Louis M.\\nBoulton, B. J,, wholesale confectioner.\\nBoulton, G. W., wholesale confectioner.\\nBO WEN, GEORi^^E W., proprie-\\ntor of flouring-mill born in Jackson\\nCo., Ohio, Feb. 21, 1831 when he was\\n4 years of age, his parents moved from\\nthere to Shelb}^ Co., Ohio, near Sidney;\\nfour years after, to Adams Co., Ind.; to\\nOttumwa in October, 1848 Mr. Bowen\\nworked at the milling business as en-\\ngineer from 1851 to 1857; then pur-\\nchased ore-half interest in the business.\\nHis first marriage, to Ellen M. Hack-\\nworth, took place in 1854 she died\\nDec. 29, 1862; had four children, three\\nliving William P., Clara E. (now Mrs.\\nChristopher Haw) and Emma A. Mar-\\nried to his present wife, Angeline S.\\nMiller, May 12, 1864; she was born in\\nChampaign Co., Ohio have one child,\\nGeorge M. Members of the Main St.\\nM. E. Church.\\nBowen, W. P., miller.\\nBowers, G. B., dentist.\\nBowles, J. J., proprietor restaurant.\\nBO WEES, J. T., job-printer was\\nbornin Jacksonville, 111., Dec. 14, 1847;\\ncame to Ottumwa twenty-three or four\\nyears ago has been engaged in printing\\nsince he was 13 years of age. Married\\nMargaret J. McGrew, Oct. 28, 1869\\nborn in Keokuk Co., Iowa; have four\\nchildren Carrie May, Charles W^.,\\nArthur H. and Frederick Wilson. Mrs.\\nBowles member of the Presbyterian\\nChurch.\\nBOYER, A. D., born Sept. 9,\\n1835, in Tuscarawas, Ohio came to\\nIowa in 1864 and to Ottumwa in 1867.\\nEnlisted in Company H, 82d Ohio Infant-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n561\\nry, Nov. 22,1861; mustered out Nov. 22,\\n1864. Married Mary A. Pomeroy,\\nDec. 14, 1865. Business meat mar-\\nket, on Main street, between Jefferson\\nand College. Have three children\\nMinnie, Charlie and Gertie.\\nBrady, P., shoemaker.\\nBramhaust, Otto, clerk.\\nBrewer, James.\\nBRIOG^, W. S., official reporter\\nSecond Judicial District born in Indiana\\nCo., Penn., Jan. 23, 1844. Enlisted in\\nCompany K, 14th Penn. Cavalry,\\nSept. 11, 1862, and served until June 7,\\n1865; then returned to Pennsylvania\\nand studied law and short-hand report-\\ning winter of 1867, went to Leaven-\\nworth, Kan., and was in the law office\\nof Hurd Stillings; March 28, 1868,\\nwas admitted to the bar; located at\\nClarinda, Iowa, in partnership with\\nJohn R. Marledge, and practiced one\\nyear then formed a partnership with\\nhis brother, which continued until Sep-\\ntember, 1871, when he removed to Albia,\\nas a partner with W. P. Hammond. This\\ncontinued for nearly two years, when he\\nwas appointed official short hand re-\\nporter for the Second Judicial District,\\nand took ujp his residence in Ottumwa,\\nMay 1, 1873. He married Jennie\\nMcMichael Dec. 15, 1869 she was\\nborn in Ireland had four children, two\\nliving Mattie J. and Orrell Blanche.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nBBINCOE, J. O., real estate and\\nloan agent.\\nBrown, C. P., ex-Internal Revenue Col-\\nlector.\\nBrown, Gr. A., insurance agent.\\nBrown, Hugh, carpenter.\\nBrowi^, J. W., boarding-house.\\nBrown, W. H., barber.\\nBrumley, Jacob, carpenter.\\nBuffington, H., railroad employe.\\nBulson, Greorge, milk dealer.\\nBurnham, S. L., real estate.\\nBFRXS ROUXDS, real estate,\\ninsurance and loan agents.\\nBURTON, EDWARD I..,\\nHOX. There is scarcely a person in\\nthe county to whom the name of E. L.\\nBurton is not familiar for nearly twenty\\nyears he has been prominent profession-\\nally in its courts, and there has scarcely\\nbeen a case of importance, during that\\ntime, in which he has not taken an ac-\\ntive and leading part he is a native of\\nWaterloo, Seneca Co., N. Y., where he\\nwas born on the 17th day of February,\\n1831 his father, John Burton, Esq.,\\nwas one of the early settlers of Seneca\\nCo., moving there as early as 1812 was\\na soldier in the last war with England\\na careful and accurate surveyor, having\\nsurveyed, it is said, nearly every farm in\\nthe county, and a lawyer of prominence\\nin that part of the State; his mother,\\nElizabeth Hooper, was a daughter of\\nPontius Hooper, also an early settler of\\nthat county, and a granddaughter of\\nGen. Clark, of Revolutionary fame\\nhaving received a thorough legal educa-\\ntion in the offices of his father and his\\nbrother, William H. Burton, also a\\nprominent lawyer, and at the law school\\nof Prof Fowler at Ballston Springs,\\nN. Y., he turned his steps Westward,\\nand settled in Keokuk Co., in this State,\\nin 1858, where he practiced law until\\nhis removal to Ottumwa in January,\\n1859. Upon his removal to Ottumwa,\\nhe formed a partnership with Hon. H.\\nB. Hendershott, then, as now, an able\\nand distinguished lawyer this partner-\\nship continued for twelve years, and en-\\njoyed a large and lucrative practice, when\\nit was dissolved with mutual good-will,\\nMr. Burton retiring from the firm in\\n1872, he formed a partnership with\\nHon. Edward H. Stiles, of the Ottumwa\\nbar, and then reporter of the Supreme\\nCourt of the State, under the name of\\nStiles Burton this firm has, during\\nits entire existence, had a large and con-\\nstantly-increasing practice, and partici-\\npated, on one side or the other, in nearly\\nevery case of importance that has been\\ntried in the county during the existence\\nof the partnership. In politics, Judge\\nBurton has always been identified with\\nthe Democratic party, and frequently\\nhas it honored him by placing his name\\non its ticket for important offices of honor\\nand trust but that party, having gen-\\nerally been in the minority, has never\\nsucceeded in making his official duties\\ninterfere with his legal practice until\\nthe late election, October, 1878, when he\\nwas overwhelmingly elected Judge of the\\nDistrict Court of the Second Judicial\\nDistrict, comprising the counties of Van", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "562\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nBuren Davis, Appanoose, Wayne, Lu-\\ncas, Monroe and Wapello in this con-\\ntest, Judge Burton s majority over his\\ncompetitor, Capt. Fee, vras nearly\\n2,500. The following sketch of Judge\\nBurton is furnished us by his late\\npartner, Mr. Stiles, to whom we have\\nbefore referred The biographies of men\\nshould properly be written after they are\\ndead yet it may with pi-opriety be said,\\nthat among the leaders of the bar of\\nIowa, Mr. Burton deserves, by reason\\nof his pre-eminent talents, to rank con-\\nspicuously and were he as ambitious\\nof distinction as some of his cqmpeers\\nwho are striving to mount the ladder\\nof professional fame, he would before\\nthis have been regarded as having at-\\ntained the topmost round. He has all\\nthe real qualifications that go to make\\nup the able and successful lawyer\\nthose inbred traits essential to marked\\ndistinction in the legal profession. A\\nsound judgment, combined with nice\\npowers of discrimination, quickness and\\naccuracy of thought, with great aptness\\nof illustration and expression a phys-\\nical and mental fortitude able to bear\\nhim up against the stress of great\\nemergencies, and aided by fine powers\\nof logic, constitute him a lawyer of\\nvery extraordinary ability. As such he\\nis universally recognized by the people\\nof this county and district, as well as\\nthe Supreme Court of the State, be-\\nfore which he has px esented many able\\narguments in the course of his prac-\\ntice. It has been the good fortune of\\nthe writer to witness in the State and\\nFederal courts the forensic efforts of\\nall, or nearly all, the leading lawyers\\nof the State, and he is frank to say\\nthat, while Mr. Burton has some su-\\nperioi S as an advocate, yet, for readi-\\nness and legal accuracy, strength and\\nperspicuity of argument, he has yet to\\nsee his superior. That he will fill the\\njudgeship, to which he has been re-\\ncently elected, with distinguished ability\\nand fairness, can scarcely be doubted.\\nWith him, we feel assured, there will\\nbe no prejudgment, nor will his de-\\ncisions be influenced by any timorous\\nconsiderations of policy, or warped from\\ntheir just bearings by feelings of per-\\nsonal favor or personal enmity. There\\nis in the life of Lord Coke a single\\ninstance, which is sufficient to justly\\nperpetuate his fiime and relieve it from\\nthe dark shadows which his intolerance\\nand persecutive disposition have cast\\nupon it. When he and his associates\\nof the bench were summoned before an\\nangry King, because they had ventured\\nto protest against his claimed right to\\nprohibit the hearing of any cause in\\nwhich his prerogative was concerned,\\nit is said that all save Coke threw\\nthemselves upon their knees and prayed\\nfor pardon and when the King im-\\nperiously put the question, In a case\\nwhere the King believes his prerogative\\nor interest to be concerned, and requires\\nthe Judges to attend him for their ad-\\nvice, ought they not to stay proceedings\\nuntil His Majesty has consulted them?\\nall but Coke responded eagerly in the\\naffirmative. But he replied, When\\nthe case happens, 1 shall do that which\\nit shall be fit for a Judge to doT This\\nhistoric incident, if we may be allowed\\nto use it, illustrates the spirit of inde-\\npendence which, in our opinion, will\\ncharacterize Mr. Burton s course as a\\nJudge. Had Mr. Burton been identi-\\nfied with the political party that has held\\ncontrol of the State for the last twenty\\nyears, he would, in all probability, have\\nbeen placed, before this, on the Supreme\\nBench and, we may add, should his\\nparty succeed in regaining the lost scep-\\nter, it would show its wisdom and sagac-\\nity by placing Judge Burton in a posi-\\ntion whicli he would both strengthen\\nand adorn. In private life, Mr. Burton\\nis domestic, in every sense of the word\\nwhile he always cheerfully welcomes his\\nfriends to his home, and is plejjsed at\\ntheir coming, he seldom seeks society\\noutside of his own family. Mrs. Mary\\nJ. Burton, wife of Judge Burton, is a\\ndaughter of the late Col. James G.\\nCrocker, formerly of Fairfield, Jefferson\\nCo., but more recently of Lancaster,\\nKeokuk Co., and sister of that distin-\\nguished soldier and civilian. Gen. M.\\nM. Crocker, whom the people of Iowa\\ndelighted to honor, and whose memory\\nthey hold dear.\\nBURTOJ^f, SAMUEL, H., attor-\\nney at law born in Waterloo, Seneca\\nCo., N. Y., Jan. 24, 1842; came to", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n563\\nOttumwa in January, 1862 read law\\nwith his brother, Wm. H. Burton, in\\nWaterloo, and with Hendershott Bur-\\nton, of Ottumwa, and was admitted to\\nthe bar in June, 1862; in August,\\n1862, when S. B. PJvans entered the\\narmy, he went into the office of the\\nDemocrat as business superintendent\\nin November, 1863, he purchased a\\nhalf-interest, and conducted the paper\\nin connection with his brother until\\nthat series of the paper was discontin-\\nued taught school until 1873, when he\\nengaged in the practice of law. He\\nwas County Surveyor for several years,\\nand now holds that office by appoint-\\nment. Married Julia A. Day Nov. 20,\\n1861 she was born in Waterloo, in\\nOctober, 1844, and died Feb. 23,\\n1876; they had six children; two\\ndied in infancy the living are, May E.,\\nLydia, Grace, Mary F. and Edward L.\\nBush, J. S., painter.\\nBUSTARD, FRAXK, bakery,\\nEast Main St.; born January, 1842;\\nin Ireland; in 1856, came to New\\nOrleans, thence to St. Louis, then to\\nTennessee, then to Chicago; in 1874,\\ncame to Ottumwa and worked for P. C.\\nDaum for two years; in 1878, he com-\\nmenced his present business. He en-\\nlisted in 1861, in the 1st Missouri\\nconfederate army served to the end of\\nthe war. Married Rosa M. Erbacher\\nAug. 13, 1877 she was born Aug. 24,\\n1858, in Ottumwa have two children\\nby a former marriage Frank and\\nHenry John fell from the Missouri\\nbridge and was drowned, in 1874, aged\\n7 years.\\n/CAMPBELL, G. W., laborer.\\nCAL.H001V, D, D., proprietor hotel\\nborn in Holmes Co., Ohio, July 9, 1828\\nmoved with parents to Van Buren Co.,\\nIowa, in 1839 in October, 1869, moved\\nto Ottumwa has been in the hotel busi-\\nness for nine years was elected Con-\\nstable and served two terms, Supervisor\\none term and Captain of the Home\\nGuards two years. Married Margaret\\nE. Hope Feb. 22, 1855; have three\\nchildren Charles A., John W. and\\nJames H. He is a real estate owner.\\nCanfield, A.\\nCarnes, J. P., carpenter.\\nCARXES, W. A.; born Sept. 1,\\n1854, in Crawfordsville, Ind.; moved to\\nIowa in 1874 now in Ottumwa he is\\na carriage-trimmer by trade. Married\\nLan E. Gray, Nov. 11, 1875.\\nCarpenter, D., laborer.\\nCARPEXTER, J. W.; born Feb.\\n11, 1810, in Ontario Co., N. Y.; moved\\nwith his parents, in 1815, to Kentucky\\nfive years after, his father died; with his\\nmother, he returned to Hamilton Co.,\\nOhio two years after, his mother died\\nhe was 14 years of age, and up to that\\ntime had received no education but be-\\ning of a determined disposition, by the\\ntime he was 20 years old he received a\\ncertificate from the Board of Examiners\\nfor the public schools of the city of\\nCincinnati to teach that he followed for\\nsixteen years, and helped two brothers\\nand a sister along in the world in 1846\\ncame to Wapello Co., Iowa engaged in\\nfarming a number of years then moved\\ninto the town of Dahlonega, and followed\\nmerchandising about two years held\\nthe office of Justice of the Peace and\\nwas a member (i|f the School Board\\nmoved to the city of Ottumwa in 1858\\nsince that time, has been engaged in\\nloaning money and dealing in stocks he\\nis one of the old settlers of the county,\\nand has accumulated quite a large prop-\\nerty. Married Lucinda Robertson April\\n22, 1833 have only one child Ann\\nM. Robertson.\\nCarpenter, R. B.\\nCARPENTER, SEYx^IOUR\\nD., descendant of a Swiss family, who\\nemigrated from the canton of Berne in\\n1706, and settled in Lancaster Co.,\\nPenn.; a part of the family, including\\nhis grandfather, left Lancaster, in that\\nState, and settled in and named Lan-\\ncaster, Ohio, in 1802 he was born near\\nthat place April 20, 1826 educated at\\nGranville College, Ohio when 19 years\\nof age, he went to Holly Springs, Miss.,\\nas a teacher returning to Lancaster in\\n1847, he commenced the study of medi-\\ncine with Drs. Boesther Edwards in\\n1849, he graduated as M. D. from the\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, and re-\\nmoved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, then a\\nplace of 200 inhabitants, where he prac-\\nticed for five years in 1 854, he left his\\npractice and engaged in real estate trans-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "564\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nactions, and, in 1858, with John Weare\\nand Henry Stubbs, opened a banking\\nhouse, which continued until the estab-\\nlishment of the First National Bank of\\nCedar Rapids. When the rebellion\\nbroke out, he took an active part in rais-\\ning the first company enlisted in Linn\\nCo., and, by order of Gov. Kirkwood,\\nclothed, subsisted and transported it to\\nKeokuk, where the first regiment was\\norganized in 1862, he received the ap-\\npointment of Assistant Surgeon in the\\narmy, and joined our forces on the Po-\\ntomac from there he was ordered to\\nBenton Barracks, St. Louis, and in a\\nfew weeks to Fayetteville, Ark., where\\nhe had charge of the general hospital\\nwhile there, Fayetteville was attacked\\nby the enemy, and he, with 300 patients\\nand nurses, fell into the hands of the\\nenemy he was taken out of the rebel\\nlines under flag of truce, and ordered for\\nduty at Memphis, where, after a few\\nmonths of hospital service, he was made\\nMedical Director of the District of the\\nBorder, with headquarters at Kansas\\nCity later, he was made Medical Di-\\nrector of the important District of St.\\nLouis he again fell into the enemy s\\nhand at Pilot Knob, and was released\\nunder flag of truce he was mustered\\nout of service in July, 1865, and for\\nfaithful and meritorious service received\\nthe commission of Lieutenant Colonel.\\nIn 1865, and for several years following,\\nhe was active in building the B. M.\\nR. R. R. from Ottumwa to the Missouri\\nRiver, and the St. L. C. R. R. R.\\nfrom the south line of the State to Ot-\\ntumwa since that time, he has been\\nengaged in the construction of gas and\\nwater works he is Secretary of the gas\\ncompanies of Streator, 111., and at Mar-\\nshalltown, Iowa, and President of the\\ngas company at Appleton, Wis. In\\n1850, he married Sarah Weare, of Ce-\\ndar Rapids they have four children\\nCatharine (now Mrs. J. Asbury Taylor),\\nMary (now Mrs. Albert Gr. Harrow),\\nSarah and Ralph Weare.\\nCARR, AAROiy A., dealer in\\ngroceries and provisions, cigars and to-\\nbacco born at Toledo, Ohio, Oct. 5,\\n1849 his parents removed to Ottumwa\\nin the fall of 1856 he has been en-\\ngaged in the mercantile business most of\\nthe time since 1860, and alone since\\n1869.\\nCarr, J. P., printer.\\nCarr, Samuel, shoemaker.\\nCarter, W. T., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nCaster, Paul, Caster House Medical In-\\nfirmary.\\nCastle, C. B., patent medicine dealer.\\nCHAMBERS, EDWARD A.,\\nof the firm of Egan, Harper Co.,\\nwholesale and retail dealers in hardware,\\nestablished Feb. 1, 1875 born in Gra-\\ntiot, Muskingum Co., Ohio, Nov. 30,\\n1843 parents removed to Dresden,\\nOhio, when he was about 2 years of\\nage resided there one or two years\\nthen removed to McConnellsville lived\\nthere seven or eight years, and went to\\nZanesville, where they resided two years\\ncame to Farmington, Van Buren Co.,\\nIowa, in 1858 resided there until he\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1860, He en-\\nlisted in Co. D, 15th Iowa V. I., in\\nJanuary, 1864 mustered out as Second\\nLieutenant in August, 1865 has been\\nin the hardware business since 1866\\nconnected with the present firm since\\nFebruary, 1874. Married Leonora\\nTinkham in Feb. 23, 1875 she was\\nborn in Marietta, Ohio they have\\ntwo children John E. and an infant\\ndaughter. Members of the Baptist\\nChurch.\\nChambers, J.\\nChambers, J. L., dairyman.\\nChambers, Robert, laboi er.\\nCHAMBERS, S. Gi., retired; born\\nin Zanesville, Ohio, Nov. 21, 1810;\\nmoved to Iowa in 1858, and arrived in\\nOttumwa in 1860. Married Louisa\\nAdams in April, 1839; have six chil-\\ndren Alice, Maria L., Edward A.,\\nHoratio C, Harriet Y., David. Mem-\\nbers of the Baptist Church.\\nCHAMBERS, WM. E., attorney\\nat law; born in Darrtown, Butler Co.,\\nOhio, June 7, 1846. Mr. Chambers\\nwas educated at Hadley s Academy at\\nRichmond, Ind., and at Earlham Col-\\nlege, of Indiana admitted to the bar in\\nMay, 1869 came to Ottumwa in June,\\n1869. Married Ida M. Eaton Oct. 9,\\n1878 she was born in Worcester,\\nMass. Members of the First Presbyte-\\nrian Church. Mr. Chambers has been\\nSecretary of the School Board for the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n565\\nlast eight years; he has also been Town-\\nship Clerk.\\nChaney, Simeon, dealer in flour and feed.\\nCHIIiTOlf, JACOB, born in\\nEngland July 17, 1832 came to America\\nin 1854; to Ottumwain 1859. Elected\\nAlderman in 1878. Married Sarah\\nWilliams May 2, 1853 have eight\\nchildren Joseph, Solomon, Albert,\\nFannie, Charles, George, Clara, Mary.\\nHis business is that of builder and\\ncontractor. Republican.\\nChilton, Joe, teamster.\\nCHI]!i:\\\\, FRED, of the firm of\\nPotter Chinn born in England\\nMarch 7, 1850 came to the United\\nStates in February, 1867 located in\\nLake Co., 111. moved to Macoupin\\nCo., thence to Missouri; located in\\nOttumwa in April, 1871, and engaged in\\nthe dairy business, in which he continued\\nfor one year, then entered upon his\\npresent business. Married in February,\\n1870, Grace Wheeler, also born in\\nEnglaftd; have six children Nellie,\\nAnnie, Emma. Maud, Fred, and an in-\\nfant son.\\nChodat, D. H., laborer.\\nClaflin, C. M., broom-maker.\\nClark, M. E.\\nClark, T., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nCochran, E., teamster.\\nCOCKERII.I., H. M., wholesale\\nand retail tea merchant was born near\\nWashington, Fayette Co., Ohio, Sept.\\n13, 1848; came to Ottumwa in 1869;\\nwas salesman for one year in a dry\\ngoods store; one year in a grocery;\\ntraveled for a firm in Cincinnati eight\\nmonths in the livery business a year\\nand two years selling muvsical instru-\\nments since September, 1 875, has been\\nin his present business. Married Lizzie\\nGorman, Jan. 9, 1875 she was born in\\nKeokuk Co., Iowa have one child\\nHarry F. Owns real estate valued at\\n$2,000.\\nCoday, E. F., laborer.\\nCoday, J. B., foreman of McGavic s lum-\\nber-yard.\\nCoday, Nicholas, laborer.\\nConant, A. W., jeweler.\\nConantz, J., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nConrad, Max, druggist.\\nConverse, H. D., dealer in fruit-trees.\\nCook, L. C, miller.\\nCook, Miles, teamster.\\nCook, Walter, laborer.\\nCooper, J. B., barber.\\nCOOPER, W. H., of the firm of\\nCooper Hammond, furniture and\\nupholstery, East Main st.; was born Jan.\\n25, 1843, in Caroline Co., Md.; in\\n1851 came to Pittsburgh, Penn.; his\\nmother died in 1853 he then removed\\nto Carmichaeltown, Penn.; attended\\ncollege there two years then came\\nto Greene Co., Penn.; in 1865,\\nremoved to Fairfield, Iowa, and en-\\ngaged in the manufacture of corn-\\nplanters, in the firm of Keck, Burkhart\\nCooper in the spring of 1869, he\\nremoved to Ottumwa and commenced\\nhis present business in 1873; this\\nfirm carries one of the largest stocks of\\ngoods in the State. Married Miss\\nLydia J. Wisecarver Nov. 21, 1868;\\nshe was born in 1845, in Greene Co.,\\nPenn.; had six children five living\\nJames C, Abbie F., Georgia L., Eddie\\nG. and Guy; lost Garra^E., in 1876,\\naged 1 year, 1 month, 7 days. Repub-\\nlican. Baptist.\\nCorrelius, Fred., saloon.\\nCorrick, George, carpenter.\\nCorry, W. W., attorney.\\nCoughlin, Patrick, laborer.\\nCreighton, Geo. F.\\nCrider, Jackson J.\\nCriley, E. B., grocer.\\nCriley, J. M., grocer.\\nCriswell, R., teamster.\\nCritchfield, B., laborer.\\nCrowley, James, grocer.\\nCrowley, Thomas, laborer.\\nCUMMINGS, JOHN E., police-\\nman born in Rockbridge Co., Va., Dec.\\n3, 1833; moved with his parents to\\nParke Co., Ind., in 1834 came to Jeffer-\\nson Co., Iowa, near Fairfield; in 1866,\\ncame to Ottumwa. He enlisted in Co.\\nF, 3d Iowa V. C, Sept. 4, 1861 served\\nthree years mustered out in November,\\n1864. Was Alderman of the Fourth\\nWard in 1870: Married Hannah W.\\nKirkpatrick March 22,1855; she was\\nborn Aug. 25, 1835, near Greenburg,\\nDecatur Co., Ind. had one daughter\\nFlorence Olive, born July 27, 1856,\\nwho died May 4, 1870, aged 13 years.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nHe owns property here valued at $3,000.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "566\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nCurrin, James, laborer.\\nCIIRRIX, D., born in Ireland July\\n27, 1832; came to America in 1853;\\nto Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1861 business,\\nsaloon-keeper. Married Ellen Cellan in\\n1863; have six children Peter, Mary,\\nDennis, John, James and Margaret.\\nCurtz, James, retired.\\npvAGdETT, J. C, teamster.\\nDAGGETT, WII.I.IAM, born in\\nJordan, Onondaga Co., JN. Y., March\\n12, 1830 came to Ottumwa in 1856\\nengaged in hardware business in 1857\\nFeb. 1, 1873, became manager of the\\nOttumwa Iron Works firm of Daggett,\\nHarper Edgerly. Spring of 1875, the\\noil-mills of Daggett Harper were\\nestablished; is Vice President and Direct-\\nor of the Iowa National Bank, Presi-\\ndent of Ottumwa Starch Works, Vice\\nPresident of Ottumwa Loan and Build-\\ning Association and Director of Ottumwa\\nWater-Power Co. Has been Alderman\\nof the city two terms. Married Susan E.\\nDaniels Oct. 13, 1857, at Seneca Falls,\\nN. Y., Mrs. Daggett s native town\\nhave had eight children, seven living\\nMinnie E., Maud M., Wallace R., Amy,\\nEva, Blanche and Phillip. Mr. and\\nDaggett are members of the Episcopal\\nChurch. Mr. D. is Senior Warden of\\nsame church.\\nDana, P. F., gardener.\\nDaum, P. C., retired.\\nDaran, Pat, saloon.\\nDavis, D. G., carpenter.\\nDavis, E. B., livery stable.\\nDavis, R. J.\\nDawson, E., laborer.\\nDeckley, Wesley, laborer.\\nDeitrich, L. M.\\nDempsey, Wm., employe C. B. Q. R. R.\\nDenison, D. B., railroad employe.\\nDEXXIS, T. firm of Stevens\\nDennis born in Shelby ville, Ind., May\\n23, 1842 in 1844, parents removed to\\nMissouri in 1865, he came to Ottum-\\nwa has been engaged in the mercantile\\nbusiness since. Married Miss Anna R.\\nDavis, daughter of E. B. Davis, of Ot-\\ntumwa, Sept. 7, 1876 she was born in\\nIowa, and is a member of the Christian\\nChurch have one child Willa Lee.\\nOwns real estate valued at $2,000.\\nDennis, J. B., clerk in Auditor s ofiice.\\nDennis, S. M., laborer.\\nDevin, Thos. J., Justice of the Peace.\\nDewey, Porter, teamster.\\nDickel, Morris, laborer.\\nDimmitt, H. C., railroad employe.\\nDineen, John.\\nDIXON, HON. JACOB W.,\\nattorney at law born in New Castle Co.,\\nDel., Dec. 25, 1832 came to Ottumwa\\nin February, 1856 has resided here\\never since, except one year s residence in\\nDes Moines spent two years at the\\nState and National Law School of\\nPoughkeepsie, N. Y. graduated from\\nthat institution, class of 1855 in 1861,\\nhe was elected to the Iowa State Senate;\\nheld that position until 1865; was Sec-\\nretary of the Senate during the winter\\nof 1865 and 1866; in 1873, he was\\nelected to represent this district in the\\nHouse of Representatives of Iowa in\\n1875, he was re-elected. He married\\nSarah Ann Vernon in August, 1856\\nshe was born near Unionville, Chester\\nCo., Penn. they, have two children\\nMabel and Mary R.\\nDixon, Wm., stone-mason.\\nDougherty, John, carpenter.\\nDougherty, Conn, blacksmith.\\nDouglass, Robt., book-keeper.\\nDOUGIiASS, THOMAS J., sen\\nof Archibald A. and Maria Parks Doug-\\nlass born in Mercer Co., Penn., July\\n3, 1827 he read medicine with Dr.\\nRoderique, of Hollidaysville attended\\nlectures at the University of Pennsyl-\\nvania at Philadelphia, and in the Med-\\nical Department of the Western Reserve\\nCollege, Cleveland, Ohio graduated\\nfrom the former in 1 853 from the latter\\nin 1854; after one year s practice in\\nHollidaysville, came to Ottumwa is a\\nmember of the Wapello County Medical\\nSociety, of the Des Moines Valley Med-\\nical Association, and of the State Med-\\nical Association. He married his first\\nwife, Miss Caroline Whaley, of Mar-\\nshall, Clark Co.. 111., Oct. 22, 1857;\\nshe died June 27, 1859 they lost one\\ninfant. His present wife was Miss\\nLizzie J. Wheeler, of Fairfield, Iowa,\\nwhom he married Jan. 1, 1862; had\\nfour children, two living Stella C. and\\nEdna D.\\nDouglass, W. W., book-keeper.\\nDowns, Patrick, clerk.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n567\\nDrescher, E., basket- maker.\\nDuffy, B.\\nDugan, F.\\nDunguard, A., proprietor Weeldy Journal\\n(German).\\nTHASTHUM, E. G., carpenter.\\nEATOW, DA^SflEIi, born May 2,\\n1831, in Templeton, Mass., firm of\\nEaton Co., furniture manufacturers;\\nwent to Worcester in 1845 learned the\\ncarpenter trade and commenced journey\\nwork; in 1850, moved to Fitchburg,\\nMass., and engaged in the manufacture\\nof piano-fortes. Married May 2, 1855,\\nJane West, of Worcester, Mass. In\\n1856, moved to Jamestown, N. Y. in\\nMay, 1857, came to Ottumwa and com-\\nmenced in a very small way to manu-\\nfacture furniture is the first man who\\nused machinery in the manufacture of\\nfurniture in Southern Iowa have a\\ncomplete factory. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton\\nhave four children Ida M., Eddie A.,\\nHattie J., Lincoln A.\\nEaton, G. H., engineer C, B. Q. R. R.\\nEaton, J. A., laborer.\\nEATOX, THOS. H., born Aug.\\n23, 1849, in Bath, Me. came to Ot-\\ntumwa Aug. 10, 1870. Occupation,\\nhook-keeper at the Iowa National Bank.\\nECKER8, IV. J., born May 1, 1834,\\nin Germany; came to America in 1854.\\nMarried Elizabeth Reschel. He is the\\nforeman of extra track-laying fur the C.\\nB. Q. R. R. Co.; came to Ottumwa\\nin 1862. Owns real estate. Repub-\\nlican. They have four children John\\nP., Anna L., Frank W. and Caroline\\nF\\nEDGERIiY, JOHB^ W., Cashier\\nof the Iowa National Bank was born\\nin Boston, Mass., Oct. 3, 1833; when\\nan infant, his parents removed to Som-\\nerville, Mass.; he spent four years at\\nHarvard College; graduated in 1855.\\nIn 1857, he became connected with the\\nBurlington Missouri R. R., Co., as\\nagent of the western end of the road,\\nas it progressed from Rome remained\\nwith them until it was completed to\\nOttumwa; in 1859, engaged in the\\nhardware business under the firm of\\nDaggett Edgerly continued in that\\nbusiness until the dissolution of the\\npartnership, Feb. 1, 1873 thereafter\\nfor a year was connected with the Ot-\\ntumwa Iron Works Daggett, Harper\\nEdgerly; Jan. 1, 1874, was elected Vice\\nPresident of the Iowa National Bank,\\nand, in November, became Cashier; was\\nPresident of the School Board for ten\\nyears. Married Maria L. Chambers at\\nOttumwa Jan. 20, 1863 she was a\\nnative of Zanesville, Ohio have six\\nchildren Edward T., Adine C, John\\nW., Jr., Alice L., Helen M. and George.\\nMrs. Edgerly is a member of the First\\nBaptist Church.\\nECirAlV, T., hardware merchant; born\\nJan. 1, 1838, in Lewis Co., N. Y.;\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1865. Was in Co.\\nF, 35th N. Y. Inf, first as private, then\\nLieutenant; served from 1861 to 1863;\\nparticipated in many battles; wounded\\nat Antietam resigned on that account.\\nMarried Mary A.Benoit Jan. 3,1868;\\nhad three children, one living Alfred\\nT., one of twin boys.\\nEhrmann, William, gunsmith.\\nEllsworth, H. C, teamster.\\nEmery, D. H., attorney.\\nEmery, D. W., carpenter.\\nEmpee, Sylvester, gardener.\\nEnnis, John B., attorney.\\nEnnis, W. W., druggist.\\nErbecker, F., railroad employe.\\nErbecker, John.\\nEstergreen, John, laborer.\\nEslinger, E. D., farmer.\\nEvans, G. L., printer.\\nEVAXS, SAMUEL B., of the\\nDemocrat and Times born at Dan-\\ndridge, Jefferson Co., Tenn., July 31,\\n1837 when less than 5 years of age,\\nremoved with his parents to Iowa, set-\\ntling in Davis Co., at what is now Spring-\\ntown. Was educated principally at Fair-\\nfield, Jefferson Co., Iowa, at a branch of\\nthe State University. In 1854-56, ac-\\nquired his profession in the various print-\\ning offices in Keokuk Co. In 1858, in\\ncompany with Judge Casey, established\\nthe Iowa Democrat at Sigourney. In\\nAugust, 1862, entered the army on the\\nnon-commissioned staff of Col. S. A.\\nRice, of 33d Iowa V. I. as Commissary\\nSergeant in September, 1864, was com-\\nmissioned Lieutenant in the 4th Arkan-\\nsas Cavalry, a loyal white regiment raised\\nin Arkansas, and served until the end of\\nthe war. In January, 1862, in connec-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "568\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\ntion with Mr. E. L. Burton, established\\nthe Ottumwa Mercury^ with which he\\nresumed active identification at the close\\nof the war in 1868, he disposed of his\\ninterest in that, and in company with H\\nM. McCulley and M. V. B. Bennett,\\nestablished another paper called the\\nCopperhead; in 1870, purchased the\\ninterest of both partners, and changed\\nthe name of the paper to the Ottumwa\\nDemocrat^ of which he is still editor and\\nproprietor. In 1872, was a Delegate\\nfrom the Sixth District of Iowa to the\\nDemocratic National Convention at Bal-\\ntimore has always actively taken part\\nin the local conventions of his party, in\\nwhich he has commanding influence.\\nHe is Chairman of the Democratic Con-\\ngressional District Committee. It is\\nchiefly owing to his efforts that the Leg-\\nislature passed the act in 1874, creating\\na Board of three Commissioners, of which\\nMr. Evans was President, how are\\ncharged with the duty of stocking the\\nstreams of the State with edible fish.\\nMr. Evans is an amateur scientist of\\nmore than local reputation is a man in\\nthe prime of life, of fine social abilities,\\nand has in his character much more\\nthan ordinary elements of success. Mr.\\nEvans was married on the the 19th\\nof December, 1866, to Sarah Emily\\nPotter, who was born in Carroll Co.,\\nOhio, Nov. 17, 18-15; they have three\\ndaughters Margaret Mitchell, born\\nSept. 4, 1867 Sarah Edith, born June\\n4, 1871, and Lucy Eleanor, born March\\n15, 1874.\\nFAIR, H. M., dealer in agricultural\\nimplements.\\nFarlin, G. W.\\nFarrington, W. A., carpenter.\\nFELLOWS, ROBERT, gardener;\\nborn Oct. 7, 1817, in Monroe Co., N.\\nY. moved to Ottumwa in 1868. Mar-\\nried C. E. Crampton Dec. 26, 1848.\\nRepublican.\\nFETZER, W. H., Justice of the\\nPeace and attorney at law born in\\nClarion Co., Penn., Deo. 20, 1840;\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1868. Has been\\nJustice of the Peace since 1872, and\\nCity Clerk since 1875. Mr, Fetzer en-\\nlisted in Co. E, 10th Penn. Regiment in\\nJuly, 1861; was mustered out on ac-\\ncount of disability in December of the\\nsame year. Has been a member of the\\nSchool Board since March, 1876. Mar-\\nried Hattie Clark Dec. 24, 1863 she\\nwas born in Clarion Co., Penn. have\\nhad three children one died in infancy,\\ntwo living John C. and William H.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nFIEDLER, FRANK; born in\\nSchuylkill Co., Penn. Was in the Gov-\\nernment employ part of 1863-64 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1861, and to Ottumwa\\n\\\\n 1866. Married Frances H. Fowler\\nMarch 11, 1868. Business, architect and\\nb uilder. They have five children E mma\\nA., William, Ida M., Alice and John B,\\nFields, J. B., retired banker.\\nFinegan, E., laborer.\\nFINLEY, ROBERT, druggist;\\nborn at Taylorville, Muskingum Co.,\\nOhio, Dec 7, 1846 came to Ottumwa\\nin 1858. Engaged in the drug business\\nsince 1860. Mr. Finley married Emma\\nS. Taylor June 6, 1870; she was born\\nin Burlington, Iowa; they have two\\nchildren Lorena and Juliet Clara.\\nFISHER, JOHN C, capitalist;\\nborn in Wayne Co., Ind., Nov. 16,\\n1817 when an infant his parents re-\\nmoved to Darke Co., Ohio; remained\\nuntil he was 11 years of age, then re-\\nmoved to Hamilton Co., Ind. resided\\ntwo years went to Tippecanoe Co., Ind;\\nafter one year, moved to Parke Co., same\\nState in 1835, came to Fulton Co., 111.;\\nin the spring of 1841, came to Jefferson\\nCo., Iowa; in the spring of 1844, Mr.\\nFisher came to Center Tp., Wapello Co.\\nlocated on Sec. 1 in 1855, sold out\\nand returned to Ottumwa, where he has\\nsince resided, operating in real estate and\\nloaning money. Served as Deputy\\nSheriff from September, 1857, to spring\\nof 1858. From 1858 to June, 1859,\\nwas Postmaster at Ottumwa. [n 1860,\\nagain served as Deputy Sheriff about a\\nyear. Married Sarah E. Lewis June\\n29, 1854; she was born in Champaign\\nCo., Ohio. April 23, 1835. Members\\nof the Catholic Church.\\nFitzgerald, John, carpenter.\\nFlear, John, retired.\\nFlear, P. H., laborer.\\nFlemming, John, shoemaker.\\nFLINT, WILLIAM born May 9,\\n1843, in Wapello Co., Iowa came to\\nOttumwa in 1870. Married Charlotta", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY,\\n569\\nM. Hand April 17, 1862. Is engineer\\non the C, B. Q. R. R. Have four\\nchildren Charles A., Alida U., Harry\\nA. and Mattie L.\\nFLINT, W. T. born Oct. 6, 1845,\\nin Wapello Co., Iowa; came to Ot-\\ntuniwa in 1869 is a locomotive engi-\\nneer on the C, B. Q. R. R. Married\\nE. M. Hart April 24, 1864 have one\\nchild Frankie. Democrat.\\nFooy, J. H., retired.\\nFORD, H. R. born Feb. 16, 1840,\\nin Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. came to\\nOttumwa in March, 1860, and is fore-\\nman for J. Schick Co. Married to\\nEmerline S. Gibbs Dec. 29, 1859 have\\nthree children Cousins E., Cora Bell\\nand Lewis E. First came to Iowa with\\nhis parents in 1845.\\nFORD, JOHN, retired born Aug.\\n30, 1817, in Onondaga Co., N. Y. in\\n1831. moved to the western part of\\nNew York State in 1837, enlisted, to-\\ngether with other citizens, and made\\ntheir headquarters on Navy Island\\ndisbanded soon, and he went to Ohio\\nand Michigan while en route, he fell\\nin with other forces, had a battle and\\nreturned and gave up their arms to the\\nUnited States officers. Came to Hills-\\ndale, Mich. remained there for six\\nmonths then to Elkliart Co., Ind. five\\nyears after, to Van Buren Co., Iowa\\nMay 10, 1843, moved to Ottumwa. In\\n1852, was elected Justice of the Peace\\nthe people continued to elect him to the\\nsame office, and he served them faith-\\nfully for sixteen years. Married Han-\\nnah Leonard have five children living\\nHatty L., Charles E., L. A., Ellen and\\nWalter B.\\nFore, Oliver, stone-mason.\\nFox, Con, retired.\\nFox, J. J., contractor.\\nFox, S. A.\\nFrancis, Riley, plasterer.\\nFreidman, L. M., merchant.\\nFugate, J. H., dairyman.\\nFugate, J. M.\\nFugate, R. M.\\nFlJIiliFR, A. N., locomotive engi-\\nneer on the C, B. Q. R. R. born in\\nWaterville, Me., Sept. 18, 1846; came\\nto Ottumwa, Iowa, 1868. Married Ella\\nJ. Moore April 14, 1871 have one\\nchild Harry M. Republican.\\nFuller, S. B. retired.\\nFuller, T. A.\\nFulton, J. A.\\nFFIiTON, J. D., architect, contractor\\nand builder; born in Cooper Co., Mo.,\\nJuly 2, 1844 lived in Quincy, 111., from\\n1864 to 1867 removed to St. Louis in\\n1868, where he remained for a year;\\nthence to Chillicothe, Mo., for three\\nyears, and in St. Joseph and Kansas\\nCity until 1875, when he came to Ot-\\ntumwa his business for the last three\\nyears has been contracting previous to\\nthat, was manager and superintendent\\nof buildings among some of his prin-\\ncipal buildings have been the Court\\nHouse at St. Joseph and the Insane\\nAsylum there, as well as several churches\\nand various schoolhouses throughout\\nthe country.\\nFulton, T. A., grocer.\\nGallagher, Tom, grocer.\\nGARNER, PARISH, employe C, B.\\nQ. R. R.\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00act ARBRY, JOHN, gardener was\\nwas born in Warren Co., Ohio, in 1815\\nmoved to Iowa in 1856 to Ottumwa\\nin 1859. Mrs. Garbry s maiden name\\nwas A. Dorsey was born in Shelby\\nCo., Ohio, in 1823 have four children\\nliving Mary E., now Mrs. Sumner,\\naged 35 Maggie E., now Mrs. Evans,\\naged 32 Sarah J., now Mrs. McNeil,\\naged 28, and Rhoda E. children de-\\nceased, James M., aged 10, and William\\nD., aged 5. Republican.\\nGARNER, J. W., of the firm of\\nLawrence Garner, wholesale dealers\\nin dry goods, notions, boots and shoes, etc.;\\nborn in Franklin, Warren Co., Ohio,\\nJan. 22, 1846 came with his parents to\\nBurlington, Iowa, in 1848; came to\\nOttumwa in 1857 with T. Devin\\nSons as clerk for eight years he has\\nbeen associated with Charles Lawrence\\nas a partner since Jan. 16, 1871. Mar-\\nried Mary E. Yarnall born at Kenneth\\nSquare, Penn., July 29, 1849 they have\\nfour children Laura E., Edna, Holton\\nWesley and Lawrence.\\nGarrity, Pat., laborer.\\nGaston, A. W., attorney.\\nGephart, D., butcher.\\nGephart, John B., butcher.\\nGibbons, J. F., laborer.\\nGibbSj R. L., machinist.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "570\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nGibbs, W. E., machinist.\\nGilbert, Samuel, teamster.\\nGinn, E., clerk.\\nGlenn, L., car-repairer.\\nGodfrey, Frank, travelins: agent.\\nGODFREY, G. M. watchmaker\\nand jeweler dealer in watches, clocks,\\njewelry, silver and plated ware, etc.\\nborn in Dahlonega Tp., Wapello Co.,\\nIowa, Oct. 31, 1850 came to Ottumwa\\nin 1863 with his parents. Mr. Godfrey\\nhas been engaged in his present business\\nseven years. He married Ella Parthe-\\nmcr Sept. 27, 1876; she was born in\\nMarysville, Ohio they have one child\\nWinnie. Mrs. Godfrey is a member\\nof the Christian Church.\\n(jJODFREY, GEORGE, real es-\\ntate operator residence on Court street\\nborn June 1, 1817, in Moorefield, Hardy\\nCo., Va. removed to Hocking Co.,\\nOhio, with his parents in 1823 came to\\nWapello Co., Iowa, in 1843. Married\\nMargaret West in 1848 she was born\\nin Vermilion Co., Ind., in 1831 they\\nhave had six children. One son, Will-\\niam M., was killed in the battle of Bel-\\nmont in the late rebellion five living\\nLewis, Mary J., Elizabeth, George M.\\nand Sarah.\\nGODIiEY, I.EO:^IDAS M.,\\nClerk of the Courts born in Mason\\nCo., W. Va., June 13, 1836; in 1850,\\nremoved to Polk Tp., Jefferson Co..\\nIowa came to Ashland, Wapello Co.,\\nin April, 1854; in April, 1858, he\\nmoved to Sedalia, Mo., where he re-\\nmained until September, 1861 he was\\nin the U. S. Army three months in\\nMissouri; in Sej)tember, 1861, he re-\\nturned to Ashland, Iowa. Aug. 6, 1862,\\nhe enlisted in Co. E, 22d I. V. I. was\\nSergeant of the company May 22,\\n1863, lost his left leg in the assault on\\nVicksburg was discharged on account\\nof disability Sept. 9, 1863. He then\\nreturned to A.shland and continued to\\nreside there until December, 187^, when\\nhe came to Ottumwa, having been\\nelected Clerk of the Courts in November\\nof that year was re-elected to that\\noffice in 1876; at the late election in\\n1878, was not a candidate for re-election,\\nand he retires from the position which he\\nhas so faithfully filled with the entire\\nconfidence of the people he has repre-\\nsented for two terms. Married Julia\\nA. Walker Aug. 2, 1859 she was born\\nin Estill Co., Ky. they have had ten\\nchildren, five living Terasita, William,\\nMattie, Charles acd Harry. Mr. and\\nMrs. Godley are members of the First\\nM. E. Church of Ottumwa.\\nGoldsberry, J. H., teamster.\\nGoldsmith, M. D., boarding-house.\\nGoodall, Thos., wagon-maker.\\nOOODAL.L, WALIiACE B.,\\nfirm of Scott Goodall, druggists and\\nbooksellers residence on Market street\\nborn Feb. 16, 1844, in Van Buren Co.,\\nIowa; in 1859, came to Ottumwa and\\nengaged with J. L. Taylor held this\\nposition till 1863, when he enlisted ih\\nthe 9th I. V. C, and served till 1866\\nthen returned to Ottumwa and engaged\\nwith Taylor, Blake Co. remained\\nthere till 1873 then entered into part-\\nnership with John L. Moore in the\\ndrug business in 1877, sold out his\\nintei-est and went to Chicago remained\\nthere about one year in 1878, com-\\nmenced their present business. Married\\nMiss Alice E. Taylor in October, 1871\\nshe was born in 1849, in Ohio had two\\nchildren, one living Charles W., aged\\n4 years; lost Florence in 1874, aged 2\\nyears. Republican.\\nGOODWIN, R. E.; born in Taren-\\ntum, Penn., Oct. 18, 1853 moved with\\nhis parents to Clarksville, Mo., in 1857\\nthence to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1861;\\nand in 1869, to Ottumwa; has charge\\nof the ticket office of the C, B. Q.\\nR. R.\\nGORSrCH, W. H., clerk for H.\\nThone; born Feb. 18, 1822, in Hunting-\\nton Co., Penn.; moved to Ottumwa in\\n1866; held the office of City Clerk.\\nMarried Eliza J. Booher have three\\nchildren Clara M., Jennie and Gertie.\\nRepublican. Was clerk under Gen. Burn-\\nside in the Commissary Department,\\nWashington City, during first two years\\nof the war.\\nGRAVES, CHARLES S., dealer\\nin groceries and provisions born in\\nAshfield, Franklin Co., Mass., Sept. 25,\\n1 846 when an infant, his parents re-\\nmoved to Sunderland, same county in\\n1867, he came to Ottumwa; has been\\nengaged in his present business since.\\nMarried Clara R. Hayne Oct. 6, 1870", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n571\\nshe was born in Ottumwa have two\\nchildren Carrie A. and Stella H. Mrs.\\nGraves is a member of the Episcopal\\nChurch.\\nGraves, F., R. R. conductor.\\nGraves, Henry, clerk.\\nGraves, H. P., retired.\\nGraves, OL C, printer.\\nGray, L. E., farmer.\\nGray, John, horse dealer.\\nGREBBY, GEORGE B.; bom\\nin Lincolnshire, England, Oct. 15, 1831\\ncame to Delaware thence to Philadel-\\nphia. Married Miss Mary Smith Dec.\\n18, 1864; then came to Wapello Co.;\\nis sexton of Ottumwa Cemetery. Mrs.\\nG. was born in Berks Co., Penn., March\\n17, 1842 died March 16, 1877 has a\\na family of four children Sarah C,\\nPhebe M., Thomas and Amy E, and\\ntwo dead. Members of the Episcopal\\nChurch. Mr. G. was in Co. F, 95th\\nRegt, Penn. Vols.; served his time\\nmustered out in 1865. Republican.\\nGreeley, Mark, laborer.\\nGreen, Stephen, carpenter.\\nGreen, Walter, barber.\\nGRISWOL.D, GEORGE, Dep-\\nuty Clerk of the Courts born in Lock\\nBerlin; Wayne Co., N. Y., Jan. 10,\\n1836 in April, 1851, removed to Mon-\\ntrose, Lee Co., Towa; from 1861 to\\n1863, was a student of the Iowa State\\nUniversity; from 1864 to 1868, was\\nprincipal of the public schools at Fort\\nMadison, Iowa then engaged in farm-\\ning in Keokuk Co. remained there\\nuntil the summer of 1873 spent one\\nyear at the Iowa State University, in\\nthe law department in 1874, he came\\nto Ottumwa, and since December, 1874,\\nhe has been Deputy Clerk of the Courts.\\nMarried Mary L. Morgan July 3, 1864\\nshe was born in Braceville Tp., Trum-\\nbull Co.. Ohio have had six children;\\nlost one son Neil five living Mor-\\ngan, Edna, Daisy, and Mary and George\\n(twins). Members of the Episcopal\\nChurch.\\nGrotz, Charles, machinist.\\nGRUBE, HE5fRY C, dealer in\\ngroceries and provisions born in Ger-\\nmany Dec. 24, 1834 came to the United\\nStates spring of 1849 remained in St.\\nLouis until fall, then removed to Bur-\\nlington remained six years resided in\\nKeokuk a year in 1857, came to Ot-\\ntumwa and engaged in his present busi-\\nness. Was Alderman of Third Ward\\nin 1867. Married Dee. 18, 1861, Phoebe\\nGrebby, born in England; have three\\nchildren Catharine Jennie, Frederick\\nWalter and Louisa May. Owns real\\nestate valued at $5,000.\\nGrube, William, dealer in hats and caps.\\nGrube, F. W., dealer in hats and caps.\\nGustafson, Charles, tailor.\\nGuthrie, John, carpenter.\\nGuyle, Gilbert, teamster.\\nTTADDEN, THOMAS, car-repairer.\\nHACKWORTH, JAMES T.,\\nPresident of Johnston Ruffler Co., and\\none of the proprietors of the Ottumwa\\nIron Works; born in Adams Co., Ohio,\\nJan. 12, 1839; came with parents to\\nOttumwa August, 1845 in 1860, he\\ngraduated from the Iowa Wesleyan Uni-\\nversity at Mt. Pleasant, and commenced\\nthe study of law with Prof. Henry Am-\\nbler, of that institution was admitted\\nto the bar in 1861 was County Sur-\\nveyor for a year entered upon the prac-\\ntice of his profession in 1863. That\\nyear was appointed Assistant Assessor\\nof Internal Revenue for this county,\\nwhich office he held for three or four\\nyears. Engaged in his present business\\nin 1871 also member of the firm of\\nPorter Brothers Hackworth. Mr.\\nHackworth s father, Mr. George D.\\nHackworth, was born in Virginia in\\n1810 came to Center Tp., this county,\\nAugust, 1845, and resided on Sec. 35\\nuntil 1857, when he moved with the\\nfamily to Ottumwa; he served several\\nyears as County Surveyor, and was\\nCounty Auditor for two years; in 1873,\\nremoved to Kansas, where he died in\\nCowley Co. March, 1878, leaving a fam-\\nily of four children.\\nHadfield, J. J., dealer in hides and furs.\\nHahn, Jacob, bar-tender.\\nHalberg, Charles, tailor.\\nHAL.E, THOMAS J., contractor\\nand builder; born in Machias, Me.,\\nOct. 3, 1839 when seven years of age,\\nremoved, with his parents, to Hamp-\\nstead Harbor, L. I. thence to Sing\\nSing, where he learned the trade of file-\\ncutter after a residence of eleven years,\\nremoved to Toledo, Ohio; remained there", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "572\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nfrom 1857 to 1866, and learned the\\ncarpenter s trade. Enlisted Aug. 15,\\n1862, in Co. H, 11 1th Ohio V. I. mus-\\ntered out July 14, 1865 he took part\\nin all the engagements of his regiment\\nwas in the Atlanta campaign, in the\\nPioneer Brigade, and had charge as\\nSergeant. Came to Ottumwa April,\\n1866 was connected with Ladd s pork\\nhouse for several years. Was at one\\ntime City Marshal. Married Mary A.\\nBlair Aug. 22, 1859 she was born in\\nMonroe Co., Mich. have had one child,\\nwhich is not living.\\nHalloway, C., laborer.\\nHAMILTOl^, AUC^rSTFS H.,\\nproprietor of the Ottumwa Courier\\nborn Jan. 19, 1827, in Cleveland,\\nOhio, in that part then called New-\\nburgh he lived there until June,\\n1854, when he removed to the West, in\\nsearch of broader fields of operation,\\nand located in Ottumwa in September\\nof that year. He had been admitted to\\nthe bar of Ohio in the spring of 1854,\\nbut concluded that the newer regions\\noffered more inducements for the prac-\\ntice of his profession he opened an\\noffice in Ottumwa, and continued his\\nprofessional labors until August, 1862,\\nbeing associated about eight years with\\nHon. Morris J. Williams. He gave\\nup a large practice when he entered the\\n36th I. V. I., and was appointed Ad-\\njutant of the regiment one year after\\nhe was promoted to the grade of Major\\nin 1865, he was commissioned Lieuten-\\nant Colonel, but was not mustered in as\\nsuch, on account of the regiment not\\nhaving men enough to justify it he\\nwas mustered out Aug. 24, 1865, and\\nthe regiment was disbanded Sept. 7,\\nof that year, at Davenport. In Octo-\\nber, 1865, the Major returned to\\nOttumwa, and resumed the legal pro-\\nfession. During his army life h6 was\\nin nearly all the engagements partici-\\npated in by the old 36th he was capt-\\nured at the battle of Mark s Mills,\\nArk., April 26, 1864; he was taken to\\nprison at Camp Ford, near Tyler, Tex.,\\nand retained there until July 23, when,\\nin company with Capt. Allen W. Miller,\\nof Company C, and Capt. John Lam-\\nbert, of Company K, of his regiment,\\nhe escaped they traveled a distance of\\n600 miles on foot, without arms, and\\npoorly clad, and arrived at Pine Bluffs,\\nArk., on the 24th of August during\\nthis journey the men suffered terrible\\nprivations, subsisting for eighteen days\\nat one time on raw green corn, were com-\\npelled to make moccasins of their boot-\\ntops, and resort to all possible expedi-\\nents to escape detection during the\\nmany weary days of the journey, the\\nbrave men slept in the shade of a for-\\nest, or under such shelter as they could\\nfind, but not a single day was passed\\nindoors they traveled nearly always by\\nnight their experience sounds like the\\nante-war stories of escaping slaves,\\nrather than of white men in this boasted\\nland of freedom for weeks at a time\\ntheir ragged clothing was wet through\\nin fact, their escape was a marvelous\\none, considering the dangers they were\\nsubjected to; the Major s brave com-\\nrades died from the effects of their ex-\\nposure Capt. Miller reached his home\\nin Iowa, but died in September, 1864,\\nfrom slow fever, which produced in-\\nsanity; Capt. Lambert returned to his\\nregiment, but was not fitted for duty,\\nand died January 6, 1865 Maj.\\nHamilton rejoined his regiment, and\\nwas in command a good deal of the\\ntime. In 1869, after several years of\\nhome life, the Major became associated\\nwith G-en. Hedrick, in the publication\\nof the Courier^ and, January 1, 1878,\\nbecame sole proprietor. He was the\\nsecond Mayor of Ottumwa, several\\ntimes chosen as Councilman, elected to\\nthe State Senate in 1866, to fill vacancy,\\nand again in 1868, and was appointed\\nPostmaster of Ottumwa in 1870, a\\nposition he has held since then. He\\nmarried Elma C. Coffin, a native of\\nSpringfield, Ohio, August 19, 1856;\\nsix children have resulted from this\\nunion, two of whom are now dead the\\nsurviving ones are Justus A., Mary E.,\\nEmma L. and Henry A.; the deceased\\nare Edwin M., who died in infancy, and\\nCharles H., who was drowned in the\\nDes Moines Biver June 16, 1875, aged\\n9 years. Maj. Hamilton has been\\nprominently identified with the public\\ninterests of Ottumwa he was a mem-\\nber of the Board of Education for a\\nnumber of years, and also was principal", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0570.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n573\\nagent of the St. Louis Cedar Rapids\\nR. R. Co. in raising subscriptions for\\nthat concern, by which means the St.\\nL., K. C. N. road was secured some\\n$50,000 of the total subscriptions were\\nraised through his efforts he was also\\nactive in the scheme to induce the\\nChicago Southwestern road to come\\nto Ottumwa, which was not successful\\nin the water-power, and other immense\\nundertakings, the Major was foremost\\namong the workers, and his name has\\never been associated with the material\\nprosperity of the city.\\nHamilton, James, laborer.\\nHammitt, Ben., carpenter.\\nHammond, J. A., miller.\\nHammond, W. S., enaineer.\\nHA:\\\\X0X, DAXIEL, was born in\\nLivingston Co., N. Y., Oct. 20, 1844\\nmoved to Harrison Co., Iowa, in 1868.\\nEnhsted in Co. B, 9th N. Y. Art.; was\\none year in active s ervice. Came to\\nOttumwa in 1870 has been engaged\\nas brickmason since built the gas\\nworks, and buildings connected there-\\nwith. Married Libby Mason in Novem-\\nber, 1866 had four children May,\\nGertie, Libbie and Katie.\\nHarbott, Charles, teamster.\\nHarker, James, farmer.\\nHarlan, Charles, clerk.\\nHarlan, H. S., traveling agent.\\nHarlan, M. E., farmer.\\nHarman, D. M., retired.\\nHarmon, J. L., City Assessor.\\nHarper, James, engineer.\\nHARPER, SAMUEL. H., of\\nthe firm of Egan, Harper Co., whole-\\nsale and retail dealers in hardware\\nborn in Taylorsville, Muskingum Co.,\\nOhio, April 23, 1843 came to Ottum-\\nwa in 1853. Mr. Harper enlisted\\nin Co. B, 36th Iowa V. I., Aug. 2,\\n1862; promoted to Second Lieutenant\\nJuly 4, 1863, to First Lieutenant in\\nDecember, 1863, and to the Captaincy of\\nhis company Feb. 15, 1865; was in all\\nthe engagements his regiment partici-\\npated in was mustered out in Feb-\\nruary, 1866. Married Corneha Rus-\\nsell Nov. 9, 1871 she was born in\\nOhio; they have two children Clar-\\nence S. and Russell. Mrs. Harper\\nis a member of the Presbyterian\\nChurch.\\nHARPER, WIIililAM T., was\\nborn near Zanesville, Muskingum Co.;\\nOhio, April 12, 1833 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1 854 engaged in farming in the\\nnorthern part of the county two years,\\nworking for $10 per month; taught in\\npublic schools of the county four years\\nthen entered the drug house of J. L.\\nTaylor, of Ottumwa, as clerk admitted\\nto partnership with Dr. Taylor in 1865\\nin 1875, engaged in the oil-mill busi-\\nness, which he now carries on in con-\\nnection with Wm. Daggett; in 1873\\nand 1874 was a member of the firm of\\nDaggett, Harper Edgerly, proprietors\\nof the Ottumwa Iron Works. His first\\nwife was Miss M. J. Shaul, of this\\ncounty; they were married Dec. 25,\\n1863; she died in October, 1868; left\\ntwo children Emma and Willie. Mr.\\nHarper s present wife was Mary E.\\nKnight; married in November, 1872;\\nshe was born in this county they have\\ntwo children Harry and Dolly. Mr.\\nand Mrs. Harper are members of the\\nBaptist Church.\\nHarrington, P. E., laborer.\\nHarrington, T. E., cabinet-maker.\\nHarris, Elias, dry goods merchant.\\nHarris, W. H., carpenter.\\nHARROW, ALBERT of the\\nfirm of Ladd Harrow, loan agents\\nborn in Ottumwa Dec. 3, 1852. Mar-\\nried Mary L. Carpenter, Oct. 9, 1877\\nshe was born at Cedar Rapids, Iowa\\nhave one daughter Mary G. Mr.\\nHarrow is one of the owners of the\\nJohnston RufHer Co.; has been inter-\\nested in that business for the last eight\\nyears. Mr. Harrow s flither, Francis\\nMarion Harrow, was born in Kentucky\\nin 1827 came to this county in 1843,\\nand died here in 1855.\\nHart, D., railroad employe.\\nHartman, E. M., boarding-house.\\nHASLACH, FRAXCIS, under-\\ntaker; born in Bavaria, Jan. 16, 1817;\\ncame to the United States in 1852;\\nlived in Cleveland, Ohio in 1854, went\\nto Ft. Madison, Iowa, thence to Ottum-\\nwa in July, 1 854 has been in his pres-\\nent business ten years previous to that\\nwas a furniture dealer. Married Jose-\\nphine Rohrmoser June, 1852; born in\\nBavaria had seven children, five living\\nRosa, Mary, Caroline, Francis and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0571.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "574\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nJohn. Members of Catholic Church.\\nProperty valued at S12,000.\\nHAUSMAX, JOHN, of the firm\\nof Hausman Bauer, of the Union\\nBrewery, established in 1868 born in\\nGermany Dec. 26, 1839 came to\\nAmerica in 1866 lived for seven years\\nat Nauvoo, 111.; came to Ottumwa in\\n1871, and began the business of brew-\\ning. Married in Ottumwa Jan. 8, 1876,\\nMena Stadter born in Germany they\\nhave one child Louisa, born Oct. 20,\\n1876.\\nHAW, GEORGE, hardware mer-\\nchant born in England Oct. 8, 1836;\\ncame to the U. S. in 1844 located at\\nPlatteville, Grant Co., Wis., in 1864;\\ncame to Ottumwa and was engaged in\\nthe hardware business here until 1868,\\nwhen his store was burned then be-\\ncame connected with the First National\\nBank of Ottumwa although he re-\\nsumed the hardware business in Febru-\\nary, 1871, he has not severed his con-\\nnection with the bank. His first wife\\nwas Henrietta R. Meeker, of Iowa Co.,\\nWis.; she died in November, 1861 his\\nsecond wife was Anna M. Henry they\\nhad two children Minnie F. and Hat-\\ntie T.; Mrs. Haw died in September,\\n1869 Mr. Haw s present wife was\\nAnna M. Corkhill, married in 1873\\nshe was born in New London, Iowa\\nthey have two children George C. and\\nAlice Jane. Are members of the First\\nM. E. Church.\\nHawkins, A., retired.\\nHawkins, J. E., clerk.\\nHawley, James, insurance agent.\\nHAYXE, JOSEPH, retired born\\nOct. 19, 1814, in Lincoln Co., N. C.\\nmoved with parents to Miami Co., Ohio\\nin 1837, moved to Elkhart Co., Ind.,\\nin 1839, to Van Buren Co., Iowa,\\nspring of 1843, to Wapello Co. Spring\\nof 1844, was elected Sheriff of the\\ncounty, and held the office three suc-\\ncessive terms has been elected and\\nserved three terms as Clerk of the Dis-\\ntrict County Court, also three terms as\\nCounty Treasurer. Married Mary Riley\\nJune 22, 1836; had eight children\\nWilliam H., Napoleon B. (died in the\\narmy), Richard W. (deceased), one died\\nin infancy, Eliza J., Clara R., Sarah F.\\n(deceased), Martha A.\\nHealy, Thomas, hardware merchant.\\nHeath, M. C, express messenger Ameri-\\ncan Express Co.\\nHeavern, W. S., teamster.\\nHedrick, James, teamster.\\nHEDRICK, JOHX MOR-\\nRO%V,GEX. is a native of Indiana;\\nborn in Rush Co., Dec. 16, 1832; son\\nof Hon. J. W. Hedrick, afterward a\\nresident of Wapello Co.; came to Iowa\\nin 1845 his opportunities for education\\nwere limited, yet at the age of 17, he\\nhad qualified himself for a teacher, and\\nfrom that time until he was 20, passed\\nhis winters in teaching, and his summers\\non his father s farm in 1852, entered a\\nmercantile house as clerk soon became\\na partner, and, before long, proprietor of\\nthe house with the exception of two\\nyears devoted to the real estate business,\\ngave his entire attention to mercantile\\npursuits until the beginning of the war.\\nIn August, 1861, he closed out his\\nbusiness in Ottumwa for the purpose of\\nentering the service, and before the\\nclose of that month, had enlisted enough\\nmen to entitle him to a First Lieuten-\\nant s commission received his commis-\\nsion as First Lieutenant of Co. D, 15th\\nI. V. I., Sept. 20, 1861 Dec. 23, was\\nmade Quartermaster of that regiment\\nwhile in rendezvous at Keokuk, was\\npromoted to the captaincy of Co. K,\\nand with this rank entered the field\\nShiloh was the first battle in which this\\nregiment was engaged, and there Gen.\\nHedrick distinguished himself; was\\nwounded and taken prisoner he, with\\nabout two hundred and fifty other offi-\\ncers, was forwarded to Corinth, thence\\nby rail to Memphis was more than fifty\\nhours without food, and the first given\\nthem was raw bacon and rotten bread\\nwas six months and seven days in the\\nvarious prisons of the South finally\\nparoled Oct. 18, 1862, and came to his\\nhome in Ottumwa as soon as he learned\\nof his exchange, rejoined his regiment\\nat La Fayette, Tenn., Feb. 9, 1863, and\\nwas immediately promoted to the rank\\nof Major on the 22d of the following\\nApril, was made Lieutenant Colonel,\\nand with this rank won his chief laurels\\nin 1864. while before Atlanta, the Re-\\npublican State Convention, on account\\nof the fact that Iowa soldiers were", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0572.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n575\\nallowed to vote, sent him as a delegate\\nto represent the Iowa soldiers at the\\nBaltimore National Convention which\\nrenominated Abraham Lincoln, he vot-\\ning for Lincoln and Johnson. When,\\nafter the fall of Atlanta, Col. Belknap\\nwas made Brigadier General, Lieut. Col.\\nHedrick was promoted to the full\\ncolonelcy of the 15th I. V. I., his com-\\nmission dating Aug. 20, 1864; in this\\nbattle, he was well-nigh fatally wounded,\\nbut was so conspicuous for bravery that\\nhe was brevetted Brigadier General\\nhis injuries were too severe to permit\\nhim to again take command in the field\\nafter many weeks, when partially recov-\\nered, was detailed for duty in the War\\nDepartment at Washington, where he\\nremained from March, 1865, to Sept.\\n1866. This military record was taken\\nfrom Stewart s Iowa Colonels and Reg-\\niments, and from IngersoU s Iowa and\\nthe Rebellion. When mustered out of\\nservice, he was appointed Postmaster of\\nOttumwa, which office he held until\\n1870, when he was appointed Supervisor\\nof Internal Revenue for Iowa, Nebraska,\\nMinnesota, Colorado and Dakota, which\\nposition he held until 1876 during his\\nincumbency of this office, he was es-\\npecially detailed in charge of the great\\nwhisky cases at Milwaukee and Chicago,\\nwhich required his entire attention for\\ntwelve months, and for the management\\nof which he was complimented by Sec-\\nretary Bristow and the Treasury De-\\npartment. At his appointment as Post-\\nmaster, in 1866, was elected by the\\nstockholders of the Ottumwa Courier\\nCompany as its editor, and had charge\\nof the editorial columns until 1869,\\nmeantime becoming half-owner of it.\\nIn that year, Maj. Hamilton bought the\\nother half, and they together had charge\\nof it until Jan. 1, 1878, during which\\ntime its general business and property\\nvalue increased three or four fold. In\\n1868, he was one of the Delegates at\\nLarge to the Chicago Convention, which\\nfirst nominated Gen. Grant, and was one\\nof the Vice Presidents of that Conven-\\ntion, and also one of the committee that\\nwent to Washington to notify Grant ot\\nhis nomination. When Gen. Hedrick\\nretired from the Courier, he gave his\\ntime chiefly to looking after the interests\\nof the Cedar Rapids, Sigourney Ot-\\ntumwa Railroad Co., of which he is\\nPresident, and of attending to his real\\nestate matters in Ottumwa. He is ex-\\ntensively engaged in fruit-growing; is\\nsomewhat interested in agriculture, and\\nis President of the Wapello County\\nAgricultural Society. Gen. Hedrick\\nwas one of the first to agitate the sub-\\nject of the improvement of the water-\\npower in Ottumwa, and when he became\\nconnected with the Courier, brought all\\nthe influence of his paper to bear toward\\nits accomplishment. He has also al-\\nways been actively interested in the\\nprojection and completion of railroad\\nfacilities for Ottumwa. In 1853, he\\nmarried Matilda Caroline Haines, a\\nnative of Illinois resident of Wapello\\nCo. since 1844 have had six children,\\nthe eldest, Clarence H., dying in infancy\\nthe living are Kate M., Howard L.,\\nCharles M., Harry McPherson and\\nCarita B.\\nHENDERSHOTT, HENRY\\nBASCOMB, born May 15, 1816,\\nin Miami Co., Ohio; of mingled Ger-\\nman and Welsh extraction parents\\nborn in this country father in New Jer-\\nsey, mother in Ohio in the fill of\\n1816, they moved to the Territory of\\nIllinois, Madison Co., where his early\\nyouth was spent, amidst the privations\\nincident to pioneer life his opportu-\\nnities for securing an education were\\nmeager he could only attend school\\nduring the winter, and was often obliged\\nto walk three or four miles to reach it\\nbut even thus early in life he evinced the\\ndetermination and energy which have\\nsince distinguished him; when 19, he\\nstarted, unaided, afoot and alone to the\\nIllinois College, at Jacksonville when\\nhe reached his destination he had only\\n$2.50 left, and a very scanty wardrobe\\nhe laid his case before the faculty, of\\nwhich Rev. Edward Beecher was Presi-\\ndent, and they, appreciating the bravery\\nof his undertaking, extended such en-\\ncouragement to him as they could at\\nthis time there was a large farm and\\nwork-shop connected with the College,\\nand during such spare hours as he could\\nget from his studies, he applied himself\\nto work, receiving 12-2 cents per hour\\nfor all he could do he remained there\\n2", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0573.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "576\\nDIRECTORY OF AVAPELLO COUNTY;\\ntwo years, alternating work and study,\\nnever falling behind his classes but at\\nlength he found it necessary to do some-\\nthing more effectual toward his own\\nsupport he therefore went, in 1837, to\\nBurlington, where for some months he\\nclerked in the post office, after which he\\nwrote in the Recorder s office during\\nthese occupations he found time to read\\nlaw, under the direction of Judge David\\nEorer and M. D. Browning; May 6,\\n1839, was appointed Deputy Clerk of\\nthe District Court of Des Moines Co.\\nby the Hon. Charles Mason, then Judge\\nof that Court here he remained for\\ntwo years, continuing his studies was\\nfinally admitted to the bar in 1841\\nthe year following, he removed to Mt.\\nPleasant, Henry Co.; soon after, to\\nFairfield, Jefferson Co.; thence to Agency\\nCity May 16, 184-1, came to Ottumwa,\\nwhgre he has since resided in Febru-\\nary, 1844, he was appointed by Judge\\nMason Clerk of the District Court of\\nWapello Co., which office he held until\\nthe September following while Clerk,\\nit became his duty, under an act of the\\nLegislature, to organize the county,\\nwhich he did Dec. 17, 1845, he was\\nappointed by Gov. James Clarke to the\\noffice of District Prosecutor for the\\nSeventh District of Iowa Sept. 17,\\n1846, Gov. Clarke commissioned him\\nColonel of the 2d Begt., 1st Brig., 4th\\nDiv. Iowa Militia April 10, 1847, was\\ncommissioned by Hon. George W. Jones,\\nthen Surveyor General of Wisconsin and\\nIowa, Deputy Surveyor; while holding\\nthis post, he subdivided six townships of\\nGovernment land into sections at the\\nDecember term of the U. S. Supreme\\nCourt, in 1848, he was appointed by\\nthat Court to the responsible position of\\nCommissioner for Iowa to act in con-\\njunction with Mr. Joseph C. Brown,\\nCommissioner for Missouri, in determin-\\ning the vexed question of the boundary\\nline between those States Mr. Brown\\ndied Hon. Robert W. Wills was his\\nsuccessor but finding that the duties of\\nCommissioner would interfere with those\\nof District Judge, resigned, and Hon.\\nW. Z. Miner was appointed to succeed\\nhim the joint services of Judge Hen-\\ndershott and Mr. Miner gave entire sat-\\nisfaction, and their report was accepted\\nas a final settlement of a prolonged and\\nbitter dispute over the dividing line in\\nthe summer of 1850, Mr. Hendershott\\nwas elected to represent the counties of\\nWapello, Monroe and Lucas in the State\\nSenate he served four years in the\\nSenate, he was a member of the Com-\\nmittee on Judiciary, and took an active\\npart in forming the code of 1851 Jan.\\n21, 1851, he was elected member of the\\nIowa Historical and Geological Society\\nhe was Clerk of the City Council of Ot-\\ntumwa in 1852 and 1853 again in\\n1855, and, in 1859, again a member of\\nthe City Council he was elected Judge\\nof the District Court for the Third (now\\nthe Second) Judicial District in 1^856,\\nin which office he served with great\\ncredit to himself and acceptability to the\\nbar and people it may be said, without\\ndisparagement to others, that the reports\\nof cases decided by the Supreme Court\\nof the State will show a less proportion\\nof Judge Hendershott s rulings reversed\\nthan those of any other Judge in the\\nState-; on retiripg from the bench, the\\nbar tendered him a complimentai-y sup-\\nper, at which resolutions of admiration\\nand approval of his services were passed\\nsince 1850, with the exception of the\\ntime he was actually engaged in the du-\\nties of State Senator, and during the\\nterm he acted as Judge of the Court, he\\nhas been actively engaged in the prac-\\ntice of his profession in 1876, he was\\nDemocratic candidate for Congress in\\nthe Sixth District of Iowa the district\\nwas then Republican by about 5,000\\nthough from this his defeat was to be\\nexpected, yet he ran several hundred\\nahead of his ticket he has filled many\\nstations of responsibility and honor, and\\nalways with industry, vigor and ability\\nhas been an able worker in various ca-\\npacities, a fluent, forcible andconvmcing\\nspeaker. Was married June 8, 1845,\\nto Miss Mary W. Jeffries, daughter of\\nJudge Paul C. Jeffries have seven sons\\nand one daughter.\\nHendershott, L. C, attorney.\\nHennesy, John, laborer.\\nHenrich, Martin, meat market, etc\\nHenry, B. F., hardware dealer.\\nHenry, R.\\nHewett, David.\\nHill, J. W., traveling salesman.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0574.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n577\\nHILL, JOSEPH,_ groceries, flour\\nand feed and railroad ties, on Main st.\\nborn Nov. 29, 1817, in Muskingum\\nCo., Ohio in 1846, came to Center\\nTp., Wapello Co., and engaged in farm-\\ning he entered about 200 acres the\\nentire city of Ottumwa has been built\\nsince he came to this county. Married\\nJulia A. Chandler in 1842 she was\\nborn in 1822, in Chandlersville, Mus-\\nkingum Co., and died in 1867 have one\\nchild, Arthur C; second marriage to Mrs.\\nSarah E. Mudge in 1862 she was born in\\n1822, in Washington Co., Penn.; she has\\ntwo children by a former marriage H.\\nP. and W. C. Mudge H. P. served\\nninety days in the late war Arthur C.\\nis now a practicing physician at the In-\\ndian Agency, Blackfoot, Montana re-\\nceived his appointment from the Grov-\\nernment.\\nHines, H., car-repairer.\\nHines, John, stone-mason.\\nHINSE Y, J. C, DR., physician and\\nsurgeon, office, corner of Main and Jef-\\nferson streets he was born June 9, 1829,\\nin Butler Co., Ohio; when an infant he\\ncame with his parents to Tazewell Co.,\\n111. in 1846, commenced the study of\\nmedicine and graduated at the Rush\\nMedical College, in 1851, in Chicago;\\nin the winter of 1853-54, attended\\nthe Medical Department of the Penn-\\nsylvania College, and received the Ad\\nEundem degree; in the fall of 1854,\\nremoved to Wapello Co. settled at Dahl-\\nonega remained there till 1861 in the\\nspring of 1862, was appointed Surgeon\\nof the Board of Enrollment for the\\nSixth District, with headquarters at\\nIowa City; resigned in 1863; removed\\nto Ottumwa, and has resided here ever\\nsince; has been Supervisor for Dahlo-\\nnegaTp. also Coroner four years. Mar-\\nried Olive R. Upson, March, 1851 she\\nwas born in 1830, in Conn. died, August,\\n1854; had two children, one living\\nNorton D. lost Olive R. in infancy\\nsecond marriage to Louisa F. Lentner,\\nJuly, 1856; she was born in 1838, in\\nOhio; had eleven children, ten living;\\nGussie died February, 1876, aged 8\\nyears. Dr. H. was Chairman of the\\nmeeting that organized the Republican\\nparty in Wapello Co., in 1856; has\\nvoted this ticket ever since.\\nHinsey, N. D., printer.\\nHirschauer, Peter, boiler-maker.\\nHobbs, Charles, teamster.\\nHobson, M. L., laborer.\\nHoddy, A. F., laborer.\\nHobbs, H. A.\\nHOI (]}E, DAVID, wholesale liquor\\nmerchant born in Glasgow, Scotland,\\nJuly 11, 1831 came to Canada in 1841,\\nremoved to Chicago in 1849 came to\\nOttumwa in 1858. In June, 1861, en-\\nlisted in Co. H, 1st I. V. C. served\\nuntil September, 1865, was much of the\\ntime with Gen. Prentiss on detached\\nservice. Was for a great many years\\nassociated with Col. P. G. Ballingall in\\nthe hotel business here November 20,\\n1867, he opened the Ballingall House,\\nand conducted it vintil the fall of 1877.\\nIn September, 1877, he established his\\npresent business. Married Martha Jane\\nLouder December 26, 1865; she was\\nborn in Van Buren Co., Iowa have one\\nchild Wallace Ballingall.\\nHodge, James, employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nHOFMANN, BERXHARD, of\\nthe firm of Shafer Hofmann, proprie-\\ntors of Steam Brewery born in Ger-\\nmany Oct. 29, 1843 came to the\\nUnited States in 1868; was in New\\nYork one month in Chicago, four and a\\nhalf years, with Conrad Seipp came to\\nOttumwa in 1872; was foreman for\\nBauer Shafer over a year, before en-\\ngaging with the present firm. Married\\nRosina Schlagster November 15, 1874;\\nborn in New York they have two\\nchildren Regina Carrie and Philips\\nFrank.\\nHofi man, James, carpenter.\\nHoff man, M. A., hotel proprietor.\\nHohn, A., saloon.\\nHokanson John, shoemaker.\\nHOLIiY, E. H., firm of Holly\\nWest, proprietors of meat market born\\nat Big Flats, Chemung Co., N. Y.,\\nAug. 28, 1830; came to Ottumwa in\\n1865. Enlisted in Co. H, 13th 111. V.\\nL, May, 1861 mustered out June,\\n1864. Has been engaged in his present\\nbusiness since he came to Ottumwa.\\nMarried Minerva T. Treasdell Oct. 31,\\n1867 born in Chemung Co., N. Y.\\nOwns real estate valued at $4,500.\\nHOPKINS, JAMES E., mer-\\nchant born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 11", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0575.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "578\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\n1827 moved to Ottumwa in Septem-\\nber, 1867. Elected Constable, and\\nserved three years. Was in Co. I, 1st\\nKy. V. I. one year. Now engaged in\\nthe grocery trade. Married Elizabeth\\nF. Lutz Jan 20, 1868 have two chil-\\ndren Martin F. and James E., Jr.\\nHorn Essex, laborer.\\nHouriten, John, laborer.\\nHOVER, H. S., was born in Cincin-\\nnati, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1844; removed\\nto Quincy, 111., in 1866 remained there\\na year; in 1867, came to Mt. Pleasant,\\nIowa, and in 1871, to Ottumwa. Mar-\\nried Mary Phillips Dec. 30, 1869; she\\nwas born in Stark Co. July 25, 1847\\nhave had two children Fanny Mabel,\\ndied in infancy Mary Areta, still liv-\\ning, was born Oct. 15, 1871.\\nHoyland, Ben., livery stable.\\nHoyland, E.\\nHubbard, D. L., physician.\\nHughes, E. P., grain buyer.\\nHughes, L. H., painter and paper-hanger.\\nHugus, M. J., carpenter.\\nHurds, G. W.\\nHurd, John P., machinist.\\nHurd, J., shoemaker.\\nHurst, James, blacksmith.\\nHUTCHISON ilIAST, attor-\\nneys. Joseph G. Hutchison, attorney;\\nborn near Watsontown, Northumber-\\nland Co., Penn., Sept. 11, 1840; was\\nnamed for his grandfather, Joseph\\nHutchinson. He remained on the farm\\nof his father, Wilson Hutchinson,\\nuntil 16 years old, attending, after his\\nseventh year, the free school of the\\nvicinity for six months in the year at\\n16, he was sent to Turbottsville, Penn.,\\nAcademy for one year; there taking a pre-\\nparatory course in Latin, Greek, algebra\\nand natural philosophy to enter Williams-\\nport Dickinson Seminary at Williams-\\nport, Penn., an institution charted by\\nthe Legislature, with full power to con-\\nfer collegiate degrees; graduated from\\nthe classical course in this institution in\\nin June, 1862. In August, he enlisted\\nin Co. B, 131st Penn. V. I. was in the\\nservice about one year was in the bat-\\ntles of Antietam, Fredricksburg and\\nChancellorsville was First Lieutenant\\nfor the first nine months, when he was\\npromoted to Captain, serving as such\\nthree months. On returning from the\\nI\\narmy, entered the Ohio State and\\nUnion Law College at Cleveland, where\\nafter taking the full law course, gradua-\\nted in June, 1864 he supplemented\\nthis preparation with another year of\\nlaw study at his old home in Pennsyl-\\nvania, before coming West. In July,\\n1865, he came to Des Moines, Iowa,\\nand, in November of the same year, re-\\nmoved to Ottumwa; here he practiced\\nlaw in partnership with Edward H.\\nStiles until 1869 was in partnership\\nwith J. T. Hackworth until 1872 from\\nSeptember, 1872 until November, 1875,\\nwas concerned in manufacturing in the\\nJohnston Ruffler Co., in the interests of\\nwhich, he spent nine months in Europe\\nreturned to the practice of his profes-\\nsion in November, 1875, associated with\\nJ. N. Mast, and has continued up to\\ndate. Was Alderman of the Third\\nWard from March, 1869, to October of\\nthe same year, when he resigned. Is one\\nof the Directors of the Iowa National\\nBank.\\nLSE, AUGUSTUS, painter.\\nInskeep, C., real estate dealer.\\nIreland, Jonathan, stone-mason.\\nIsaacson, A., peddler.\\nIsherwood, W. H., clerk.\\nIsrael, Thomas, carpenter.\\nIsrael, Mark, clerk.\\nIVES, HARRY H., of the Demo-\\ncrat and Times born in Green Bay\\nTp., Lee Co., Iowa Nov. 14, 1856;\\ncame to Ottumwa with his parents in\\n1872. Was educated at the city high\\nschool, and the Agricultural College at\\nAmes, Iowa. Learned the printer s trade\\nwith S. B. Evans, in the office of the\\nOttumwa Democrat, in 1873, and in the\\noffice of the Sj^irit of the Times in\\nJuly, 1875, purchased a half-interest in\\nthe Times, his father owning the other\\nhalf, and they conducted this paper until\\nNov. 14, 1878, when it was consolidated\\nwith the Ottumwa Democrat, Mr. Ives\\nbeing equal partner in that paper.\\nIVES, XELSON M., of the Demo-\\ncrat and Times, was born near Newton\\nFalls, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Jan. 2,\\n1818; the year previous his parents\\nhad removed from Litchfield Co., Conn.,\\ninto Ohio, which was then a wilderness\\nin November, 1843, he came to Bur-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0576.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n579\\nlington, Iowa, where for a time he\\ntaught school he enUsted for the Mexi-\\ncan war, but instead of going to Mexico,\\nwas sent to Minnesota to help quell the\\nIndian disturbances; he was absent for\\nfourteen months, and, upon his return,\\nengaged for a time in the mercantile\\nbusiness in Burlington, and, in 1853, in\\nfarming in Des Moines Co. held vari-\\nous offices; was Deputy Treasurer and\\nCollector for two years he came to\\nWapello Co. in 1863, and engaged in\\nfarming; in 1871, he was elected\\nCounty Superintendent of Schools of\\nthis county, and, in 1873, was Chairman\\nof the Anti-Monopoly State Central\\nCommittee; in 1874, went into the\\nSpirit of the Times, which he edited\\nuntil it was consolidated with the Demo-\\ncrat Nov. 14, 1878. He married Emily\\nF. Davis Nov. 30, 1851 she was born\\nin Sharon, Mercer Co., Penn., May 29,\\n1832 they had four children one son,\\nCharles N., died in May, 1872, aged 9\\nyears; the living are Harry N., Nettie\\nE. and Jesse.\\nyENNINGS, B., cabinet-maker.\\nJeppson, J., clerk.\\nJAQUES, W. H. C, attorney at\\nlaw born in Washington Co., Va., Oct.\\n20, 1841 removed with his parents to\\nB^airfield, Iowa, in 1848 came to\\nOttumwa in 1867 spent one year in\\nthe law department of Harvard Uni-\\nversity at Cambridge, Mass. has been\\nengaged in the practice of law in Ot-\\ntumwa since July, 1868. Married\\nFlora Williams Aug. 29, 1869; she\\nwas born in Indiana; they have three\\nchildren Stella W., Jo Ralph and Edna\\nA. He enlisted in August, 1862, as a\\nprivate in Co. D, 19th I. V. I. in\\nMarch, 1864, he was promoted to First\\nLieutenant of Co. D, 56th U. S. Colored\\nRegt. in the fall of 1864, he was pro-\\nmoted to the captaincy of the same\\ncompany; mustered out in 1866.\\nJohnson, B. M., laborer.\\nJohnson, G. E., clerk.\\nJohnson, G. T., clergyman.\\nJOHNSON, J. GrST, born in\\nSweden Aug. 8, 1839 came to the\\nUnited States in October, 1868, locat-\\ning near Mt. Pleasant, Iowa in March,\\n1869, came to Ottumwa, and has been\\nconnected with Moss cS: Co. s dry goods\\nbusiness since. Married Albertina\\nJohnson Feb. 22, 1874; born in\\nSweden have three children Gust\\nAlexander, Emelia E. and an infant\\ndaughter. Owns real estate valued at\\n$4,000.\\nJohnson, John, clerk.\\nJOHNSON, li. E., born in Kane\\nCo., 111., April 13, 1846; moved to\\nOttumwa, Iowa, in 1877 is engaged as\\ngeneral foreman of locomotive and\\ncar works of the C, B. Q. R. R.\\nCo. enlisted in the 134th Illinois\\nInfantry, 100-days men, served the\\ntime was honorably discharged. Mar-\\nried Ellen G. Parker April 10, 1869\\nthree children Willie S., George P.\\nand Mary G.\\nJohnson, M. A., laborer.\\nJOHNSTON, AliL-EN, inventor\\nof the Johnston Ruffler born in Mus-\\nkingum Co., Ohio, Oct. 24, 1848; fall\\nof 1855, his parents moved with him to\\nAdams Tp., Wapello Co., Iowa, where\\nhe engaged in farm pursuits in 1868,\\ncame to Ottumwa for one year, engaged\\nin the sale of sewing machines fall of\\n1869, patented an embroidery attach-\\nment, and went to Chicago to secure\\nthe manufacture of that invention be-\\ning without means, his brother, W. T,\\nJohnston, advanced the money to secure\\nthe patent; while in Chicago, he was\\nimpressed with the need of a good,\\npractical ruffler, and, in October, 1870,\\nsecured a joint patent with his brother;\\nspring of 1871, took Mr. W. T. Major\\nas partner August, same year, Mr.\\nHackworth and Mr. Hutchinson were\\ntaken into partnership. Mr. Johnston\\nmarried Miss Lizzie Wiley Feb. 6,\\n1872 she was born near Greensburg,\\nInd. a member of the Presbyterian\\nChurch Mr. J. member of the Baptist\\nChurch have two children Stella\\nMaud and Roy Willy.\\nJohnston, John, carpenter.\\nJohnston, Wm., teamster.\\nJohnston, W. T., dentist and florist.\\nJohnston, W. H.\\nJones, H. B., clerk.\\nJONES, WILLIAM E., bom in\\nRoss Co., Ohio, Jan. 28, 1843 came\\nto Wapello Co. with parents in fall of\\n1849, and located in Center Tp., See.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0577.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "580\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\n36, in December, 1869 came to Ot-\\ntumwa and was engaged in dry goods\\nbusiness for two years, and as public\\nweigher for six years. Married May 18,\\n1865, to Catharine Whipple born in\\nNew York State; have two children\\nEtta M. and Carrie M. Are members\\nof the Congregational Church.\\nJones, W. S., laborer.\\nJ OR D AX, KIXSEY. saloon-\\nkeeper born in Smithfield, Ohio, April\\n14, 1832 moved to Illinois in 1852,\\nand to Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1860 elected\\nAlderman in March, 1877. Married\\nMary S. Wood Nov. 6, 1865 have two\\nchildren Lucinda B. and Mary S. He\\nis the owner of real estate.\\nJORDAN, W. A., SOXS,\\ndealers in dry goods, carpets, millinery\\ngoods, clothing, boots and shoes, etc.;\\nthe firm is composed of J. W., A. C,\\nJ. C. and C. L. Jordan their father,W.\\nA. Jordan, died in 1873; J. W.\\nJordan was born in Lancaster, Keokuk\\nCo., Iowa, April 9, 1849; in 1867,\\nwent to Eddyville, in this county in\\nJune, 1868, he came to Ottumwa spent\\none year at Annapolis Naval Academy\\nprevious to coming here since locating\\nhere, he has been constantly engaged in\\nmercantile business Albert C. was\\nborn at Richland, Keokuk Co., Iowa,\\nFeb. 5, 1851 has been connected with\\nthe dry goods business since he was 10\\nyears of age married Abbie Leighton\\nin Novemloer, 1874 she was born in\\nOttumwa they have one child Mary\\nInez, born April 11, 1876. J. C. Jor-\\ndan, born at Richland, Keokuk Co.,\\nIowa, April 9, 1853; Charles L.Jordan,\\nborn at Richland, Keokuk Co., Iowa,\\nMay 21, 1855 connected with the dry\\ngoods business since 1 871 This firm is\\ndoing a business of about $150,000 per\\nannum, and is one of the largest retail\\ndry goods establishments in Iowa.\\nJustice, J. W., carpenter.\\nKAISER, F., wagon-maker.\\nKaiser, George, saloon.\\nKavanaugh, M., laborer.\\nKearns, Martin, fireman.\\nKeeler, David, engineer.\\nKellaher, Barney, laborer.\\nKelley, James, stone-cutter.\\nKENDALf., SAMUEL, born\\nNorth Hamptonshire, England came\\nto America in 1851 to Ohio in 1853\\nto Illinois in 1854, and in that year to\\nDavenport, Iowa, and the same season\\nmoved to Ottumwa. His trade is stone-\\ncutter and mason work. Married Nancy\\nHarper, July, 1858 have eight chil-\\ndren Anne, Fred, Lewis, Greorge, Mary,\\nLaura, Samuel, John. Democrat.\\nKeott, C, musician.\\nKerfoot, John R., butcher.\\nKiWer, Wm. C, engineer.\\nKidd, Wm., laborer.\\nKiester, Philip, manufacturer of wagons\\nand agricultural implements.\\nKilby, L. W., carpenter.\\nKimblaid, John, laborer.\\nKindall, Joseph, cigar- maker.\\nKingsbaker, B., cigar manufacturer.\\nKingsbaker, T., cigar manufacturer.\\nKIRK, II. li., of the firm of Kirk\\nWalker, lumber dealers born at Ber-\\nlin Center, Trumbull Co., 111., April\\n22, 1838 in 1854, with his parents,\\nlocated at Ft. Madison. November,\\n1863, enhsted in the U. S. Navy, on a\\ndispatch boat, headquarters at Cairo\\nand Mound City was in the service\\ntwo years then in the lumber business\\nat Pella five years afterward lived at\\nBloomfield, Ft. Madison and Mount\\nSterling, 111., each one year; came to\\nOttumwa in June, 1874.\\nKirkpatrick, S., clerk.\\nKIRKP ATRICK, WADE,\\nCounty Recorder was born near Lon-\\ndon, Madison Co., Ohio, Nov. 9, 1846;\\ncame with his parents to Highland Tp.,.\\nWapello Co., Iowa, in August, 1850\\nin March, 1865, came to Ottumwa ha*\\nresided here ever since, excepting an in\\nterval of one year spent in Highland.\\nFeb. 14, 1864, Mr. Kirkpatrick enlisted\\nin Co. K, 2d Iowa V. I. lost his left\\nleg at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 18, 1864;\\nmustered out, for disability, March 23,\\n1865. After leaving the army, worked\\nat saddlery in Ottumwa for five years\\none year, served as clerk of the post-\\noflBce, under Gen. J. M. Hedrick,\\nPostmaster fall of 1872, was elected\\nCounty Recorder; re-elected in 1874,\\n1876, and again 1878, an evidence of\\nthe esteem in which he is held by the\\npeople of the county; is also serving\\nhis second term as City Treasurer served\\none term as Assessor of Highland Tp.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0578.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n581\\nMr. Kirkpatrick married Lydia J. Spil-\\ninan March 14, 1875 she was born in\\nGreenburg, Decatur Co., Indiana they\\nhave had two children one son died in\\ninfancy, one daughter living Paulina,\\nborn Aug. 8, 187^. Mrs. Kirkpatrick\\nis a member of the First M. E. Church.\\nRiser, J. M., Oatmeal-Mill.\\nKITTERMAN, ELIAS, retired\\nfarmer born in Franklin Co., Va., Sept.\\n10, 1809 came, with his mother, when\\na boy to Harrison Co., Ind. his father,\\nHenry Kitterman, died in Virginia his\\nmother died in Indiana; in 1842, he\\ncame to Princeton, 111. in May, 1843,\\ncame to Dahlonega Tp. (Sec. 12), Wa-\\npello Co. lived there until 1874, when\\nhe came to Ottumwa. Was Justice of\\nthe Peace four years while residing in\\nDahlonega Tp. His first wife was Sarah\\nArchibald she died in 1831 they had\\ntwo children one son William, died\\nat the age of 45 years one daughter,\\nstill living, Mary Ann, now Mrs. Kuntz,\\nof California Mr. Kitterman s second\\nwife was Lydia Redmond she died in\\nMarch, 1876 left four children Sarah\\nJ.,- now Mrs. Alfred Bowlin, of High-\\nland Tp., this county Nancy, now Mrs.\\nJeiferson Thompson, of the same town-\\nship; John H., now a resident of Kan-\\nsas, and George W., of Highland. Mr.\\nKitterman s present wife was Kate\\nCooper; they were married Oct. 19,\\n1877; she was born near Lima, Han-\\ncock Co., 111. Members of the Christian\\nChurch.\\nKoontz, Bennett, laborer.\\nKoontz, M. L., fisherman.\\nKoaching, L. H., barber.\\nKraft, J. H., saloon.\\nKrauer, William, brewer.\\nKRECKEL, JOHN, REV., born\\nin the Province of Nassau, Prussia, June\\n5, 1826; was educated in Europe, Balti-\\nmore and Cincinnati; ordained Nov. 17,\\n1853, at Dubuque, and came to Ottumwa\\ndirectly after; an outline of his labors\\nhere will be found in the history of\\nthe Catholic Church of this city, since\\nits prosperity here, as well as in ad-\\njacent places, is owing greatly to his\\nlabors.\\nKroegur, M., book-keeper and ins. agent.\\nKubitshek, M., grocer.\\nKyniston, John, mechanic.\\ny ABELLE, PAUL, blacksmith.\\nI.Anj BENJ. W. BRO.,\\ndealers in coal and wood.\\nL.ADD, BENJAMIN W., of the\\nfirm of Benjamin W. Ladd Bro.,\\ndealers in all kinds of coal and wood\\nprincipal proprietors of the Southwestern\\nCoal and Mining Co. was born in\\nRichmond, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1851 came\\nto Ottumwa in 1872, and engaged in\\nhis present busmess; is developing the\\nstone-quarries in Washington Tp. and the\\nedge of Davis Co. these were opened\\nabout 1869. The average production ol\\ntheir coal mines is 30,000 bushels per\\nmonth.\\nLadd, James D., pork-packer.\\nIjABB, O. M., loan agent and attor-\\nney born near Richmond, Jeiferson\\nCo., Ohio, June 24, 1846 is a graduate\\nof Earlham College, Indiana, and also\\nfrom the Law Department of the Iowa\\nState University Ottumwa has been\\nhis home since 1866 he was engaged in\\nthe practice of law until 1875 was\\nCity Attorney from 1873 to 1875; in\\nApril, 1S75, he engaged in the money-\\nloaning business exclusively. He repre-\\nsents the Second Ward in the present\\nBoard of Councilmen of this city.\\nLair, W. W., laborer.\\nliAMjflE, J. M., born near Dayton,\\nOhio, July, 1824; in the spring of\\n1850, moved to Parke Co., Ind. in\\n1854, came to West Point, Lee Co.,\\nIowa in the fall of that year, went to\\nPleasant Grove Tp., in Des Moines Co.;\\nin the fall of 1855, to Afton, Union\\nCo.; in 1862, came to Ottumwa. His\\nbusiness is saw and planing mills. In\\n1871, he was Street Commissioner; was\\nAlderman of the Fourth Ward for two\\nyears was elected Township Trustee in\\n1877. Married Bffie R. Snodgrass in\\n1 847 she was born near Harrisburg,\\nPenn.; have four children Agnes W.\\n(now Mrs. Henry K. Kirkpatrick, of\\nRichland), Harriet E. (now Mrs. W.\\nW. Pollard), William R. and Henry\\nGrant.\\nLamme, W. R., miller.\\nLane, J. D., teamster.\\nLang, F. T., clerk.\\nLangan, James, laborer.\\nLapham, D., cabinet-maker.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0579.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "582\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nLarson, A., tailor.\\nI.ATHROP, E. I.. DR., physician\\nand surgeon office cor. Main and Jeifer-\\nson streets residence Green street born\\nSept. 19, 1844, in Madison Co., N. Y.;\\nin 1857, came to Chicago; in 1864,\\nwas appointed Assistant Surgeon of the\\n10th Illinois Cavalry; served about\\ntwenty months. Commenced the study\\nof medicine in 1860 and graduated in\\n1866 at the Rush Medical Collage,\\nChicago he was the youngest Assistant\\nSurgeon west of the Mississippi River\\nbut 20 years of age at the time of his\\ncommission practiced his profession\\nfrom 1866 to 1870, in Chicago, then\\nremoved to Ottumwa, and has been a\\nresident here ever since has been\\nCoroner four years he organized the\\nMuseum of Comparative Anatomy at\\nRush Medical College in 1868. and has\\nnow the largest private museum in the\\nState in 1877, he fitted up an Electric\\nInfirmary, and still keeps it in operation.\\nMarried Miss Emma Hedrick in 1873,\\ndaughter of Wesley Hedrick, of Dahlo-\\nnega Tp.; she was born in Wapello Co.;\\nhave one child Edward H. Demo-\\ncrat.\\nLawler, Pat., laborer.\\nJLAWREXCE, CHARLES, of\\nthe firm of Lawrence Grarner, whole-\\nsale dealers in dry goods, notions, boots\\nand shoes, etc.; was born in England\\nJan. 29, 1822; moved to Hillsboro,\\nOhio, in 1835 in 1844, moved to Cin-\\ncinnati, Ohio after two years, returned\\nto Hillsboro came to Ottumwa in\\nApril, 1849 immediately engaged in\\nmercantile business, in partnership with\\nD. P. Inskeep, the firm name being D.\\nP. Inskeep Co.; in 1856, Mr. Law-\\nrence purchased the interest of Mr.\\nInskeep and carried on the business\\nalone for about two years, then took\\nMr. Chambers as a partner; commenced\\nthe wholesale business in 1861 Jan.\\n16, 1871, Mr. J. W. G-arnerwas admit-\\nted as a partner, Mr. Chambers retiring\\nfrom the firm. Mr. Lawrence married\\nElizabeth A. Doggett Feb. 18, 1846\\nshe was born in Hillsboro Oct. 19,\\n1825 have two children Joseph New-\\nton, now a resident of Moline, III., and\\nElla D., now Mrs. Edward C. Loomis,\\nof Red Oak, Iowa.\\nLawrence, T. carpenter.\\nLawson, Andrew, tailor.\\nLawson, Peter, laborer.\\nLazenby, C, retired clergyman.\\nLee, John, laborer.\\nLee, Sylvester, laborer.\\nLeibfarth F., boarding-house saloon.\\nLeighton, A. C, real estate.\\nLeigh ton, James, real estate.\\nI^EWIS, ALVIX, retired born in\\nUrbaua, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1811 came\\nto Van Buren Co., Iowa, April or May,\\n1837; spring of 1843, came to Dahl-\\nonega Tp., Wapello Co. (Sec. 5) re-\\nsided there about fifteen years then\\ncame to Ottumwa engaged in the drug\\nbusiness here about two years, when his\\nhealth failed, and he was compelled to\\nretire from active business. Mr. Lewis\\nmarried Lucinda Pierce August 20,\\n1840; she was born near Mechanisburg,\\nChampaign Co., Ohio, August 20, 1811\\nshe was the first white women who set-\\ntled in this county north of Agency\\nmember of the First M. E. Church.\\nMr. Lewis has two daughters Martha\\nEllen and Matilda Caroline.\\nLEWIS, CHARLES G., physician\\nand surgeon born in Urbana, Ohio,\\nOct. 25, 1832. In 1839, his par-\\nents removed to Warren Co., 111., near\\nMonmouth in 1840, to Keosauqua,\\nVan Buren Co., Iowa, where they lived\\neleven years; from thence to Liberty-\\nville, Jeff erson County. Dr. Lewis was\\neducated at the Keokuk Medical College\\ngraduated from that institution in 1859\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1366. Served six\\nmonths as Assistant Surgeon, 30th Iowa\\nV. I. resigned at Vicksburg, from dis-\\nability.\\nLEWIS, COWN, proprietor of livery,\\nfeed and sale stables, omnibus-line, and\\nproprietor of Lewis Opera House born\\nin Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, Nov. 5, 1838;\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1854, and has been\\nengaged in his present business since\\n1861.\\nLewis, J. F., Constable.\\nLewis. Wm.\\nLight. J. R., teamster.\\nLILRURX, SAMUEL, capitalist\\nborn near Belfivst, Ireland, in 1830 he\\ncame to America in 1864, and settled in\\nSt. Louis was engaged in the commis-\\nsion business, and wholesale dealer in", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0580.jp2"}, "581": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n583\\nbutter and eggs, which business he con-\\ntinued after coming here in 1871. He\\nmarried Isabella Lilburn in 1852 she\\nwas born in 1834 have two children,\\nSarah Jane, born April 1, 1860, and\\nAnnie Isabella, born March G, 1869.\\nMr. Lilburn has property valued at\\nnearly $50,000 is a member of the\\nPresbyterian Church.\\nLindell, A., raih-oad employe.\\nLINDSEY, O. K., groceries, flour\\nand feed, on Main st., between JeflPer-\\nson and College sts. residence on Sec-\\nond St., between Jefl^erson and Green\\nsts. born May 17, 1843, in Delaware\\nCo., Ohio in 1855, came to Illinois\\nin 1858, came to Ottumwa first en-\\ngaged as general agent for the Wheeler\\nWilson Sewing Machine, and contin-\\nued this till 1877, when he commenced\\nhis present business. Married Martha\\nE. Heath in 1877; she was born in\\nMinnesota have one child Grace E.,\\nborn Nov. 27, 1878.\\nLindsey, William, carpenter.\\nList, Henry, butcher.\\nLIVELY, L. born near Sulphur\\nSprings, W. Va., Dec. 9, 1817 when\\n21 years of age, he removed to Grant\\nCo., Ind., and engaged in farming\\nfrom Grant, he removed to Rush Co. in\\n1848 thence to Iowa in the spring of\\n1852, and settled in this county, about\\nfivemiles north of Agency in 1 865, came\\nto Ottumwa his business has been farm-\\ning and stock-raising. Married Sept.\\n5, 1839, Matilda Jones, a native of In-\\ndiana she was born Dec. 23, 1818;\\ndied July 14, 1863 there were three\\nchildren James H., Pamelia and\\nSarah Jane Mr. Lively again married\\nMarch 11, 1864, Miss Sena Dimmitt\\n(nee Pagett) have four children\\nCatherine, Susan, Henry and Maggie.\\nLockwood, J., doctor.\\nLoomis, Joseph, retired merchant.\\nLong, George.\\nLOTSPEICH, ALFRED, Jus\\ntice of the Peace born in Greene Co.,\\nTenn., June 17, 1817 removed to JefFer-\\nson Co., Tenn., in February, 1832; cameto\\nxMt. Pleasant, Iowa, Oct. 22, 1840. Was\\nthe first Prosecuting Attorney for Henry\\nCo. under the State Constitution was\\nadmitted to the bar by the first Supreme\\nCourt under the State Constitution\\nfrom 1849 to 1852, resided in Sacra-\\nmento, Cal. in 1852, returned to Iowa.;\\ncame to Ottumwa Jan. 19, 1854. From\\n1858 to 1861, was Justice of the Peace\\nwas City Councilman in an early day\\nmember of the Board of Supervisors\\nthree years County Treasurer from\\nJanuary, 1870, to January, 1874;\\nelected Justice of the Peace again Nov.\\n25, 1874. First wife was Rebecca Ann\\nMoore married near Mt. Pleasant,\\nIowa, May 26, 1846 she and her in-\\nfant son, Ira, aged 2 years, 1 month and\\n22 days, left San Francisco, Cal., Aug.\\n22, 1850, on board Hermorphodite brig\\nMeteor for New York, and the vessel,\\nwith all on board, were lost at sea Mr.\\nLotspeich s second wife was Susanna\\nLotspeich they were married Jan. 19,\\n1854; she died Nov. 20, 1873, aged 47\\nyears 2 months and six days their\\nonly son, William G., died Sept. 16,\\n1876, aged 21 years 5 months and 11\\ndays married Mr-!. Mary P. Jones, of\\nDes Moines, Oct. 23, 1878.\\nLowrie, W. P., egg packer.\\nLowenberg, Jacob, retired farmer.\\nLynam, O. W., lawyer.\\nMcCLUNG, H. C, route agent Cen-\\ntral Ry. of Iowa.\\nlIcCARROLL, WM. F., hard-\\nware merchant born in Harrison Co.,\\nOhio, Dec. 14, 1823; came to Wash-\\nington Township, Wapello Co., Iowa,\\nin 1856 engaged in farming until\\nJanuary 1, 1871 came to Ottumwa\\nand engaged in present business. Mar-\\nried Mary Millisack Oct. 19, 1854;\\nshe was born in Leesburg, Carroll Co.,\\nOhio have five children the eldest,\\nCharles T., is associated with his father\\nin hardware business the others are,\\nPhoebe, John B., Laura and Wm. F.,\\nJr.\\nMcCoy, E. H., with H. N. Macon.\\nMcCRI\u00e2\u0082\u00ac^HT, J. B., born March\\n25, 1819, Mercer Co., Pa. came to Ot-\\ntumwa in 1866 served as Deputy Mar-\\nshal one year. Married Nancy Major\\nAug. 19, 1839; have eight children\\nMary, Elizabeth, Buenavista, Squire W.,\\nHattie B., Joseph B., Lomax B. and\\nGeorge G. His business, carpenter and\\ntank-builder.\\nMcClIE, ALBERT E., dealer in\\ngroceries and provisions born in Lees-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0581.jp2"}, "582": {"fulltext": "584\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nburg, Ohio, Feb. 21, 1842; came to\\nOttumwainl873, and engaged in grocery\\nbusiness; he has been in mercantile\\nbusiness thirteen years. Mr. McCue\\nenlisted in Co. Gr, 52d Ohio V. I., Aug.\\n22, 1862 he was in all engagements of\\nhis regiment except at Perrysville and\\nAtlanta; mustered out July 22, 1865.\\nMarried Lottie E. Dawes June 23,\\n1869 she was born in Beverly, Ohio.\\nMembers of the First M. E. Church.\\nMcCUE, W. D., Acting Sheriff; born\\nin Perry Co., Ohio, Oct. 20, 1845;\\ncame to Ottumwa in 1874 was con-\\nnected with Ladd s pork-house for three\\nyears. Was Alderman of Second Ward\\nin 1876 and 1877; appointed Deputy\\nSheriff in January 1878; in September\\nbecame Acting Sheriff. Married Lily B.\\nHead on the 14th of April, 1875 she\\nwas born in Exeter, N. H. have two\\nchildren Philip and Helen.\\n3IcCUE, WIL.BUR F., manufact-\\nurer of Robaugh Force Pumps born\\nin Springfield, Jefferson Co., Ohio, Nov.\\n26, 1838 came to Ottumwa in Novem-\\nber, 1871, and engaged as foreman of\\nLadd s pork-packing establishment. En-\\nlisted in Co. H, 2d Ohio V. I. April 16,\\n1861 discharged at the expiration of\\nthe three-months service; re-enlisted in\\nCo. G, 52d Ohio V. I. in September,\\n1861 company transferred to the 71st\\nOhio. Mr. McCue was Aid-de-camp to\\nGen. McConnell, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 4th\\nArmy Corps, for one year mustered\\nout as First Lieutenant of Co. H, 71st\\nOhio V. I., in spring of 1866 he was\\nin all the battles of his regiment, except\\nthat of Nashville, being at that time\\nActing Commissary of his regiment.\\nAfter the war he engaged as book-keeper\\nin Pittsburgh, Pa., from 1866 to 1871.\\nAug. 30, 1866, married Mary C. Brown-\\ning, born in Circleville, Guernsey Co.,\\nOhio they have two children William\\nF. and Albert B. Owns property val-\\nued at $7,500.\\nMcCullough, George, retired.\\nMcClTLLOUGH, S. C, physician\\nand surgeon born at Morgan Station,\\nKy., June 9,4816 moved to Madison,\\nInd., and to St. Louis in November\\n1837 resided there until 1846, when\\nhe returned to Indiana and located in\\nRipley County; in 1856, he came to\\nFayette Co., Iowa, and, six months after,\\nto Kirkville, Wapello Co. in March,\\n1865, came to Ottumwa is a graduate\\nof McDowell College of St. Louis, class\\nof 1844-45 been engaged in active\\npractice of his profession ever since.\\nMarried Annie Wilson Jan. 1, 1861;\\nhave nine children Sarah S., Mary A.,\\nTheodore W., John M., Frederick S.,\\nAllan, Emma K., Herman and Ralph M.\\nMcDonald, J. W., railroad conductor.\\nMcDONALiD, T. B., with the C,\\nB. Q. R. R.; born in Liberty, Union\\nCo., Ind., Dec. 6, 1846 in 1850, re-\\nmoved with his parents to Grant Co.,\\nInd., where he lived, until 1867, upon\\na farm was engaged one year upon the\\nP., C. St. L. R. R.; in October, 1869,\\nlocated at Nebraska City was connected\\nwith the Midland Pacific, in the bridge\\ndepartment and as conductor and also\\nwith the B. M.; since Oct. 9, 1861,\\nhas been employed by the C, B. Q.\\nR. R., with Ottumwa as headquarters.\\nlIcEIiROY, E. E., atttorney at law;\\nborn near Greenfield, Ohio, Feb. 16,\\n1849 graduated from Cornell Univer-\\nsity, Ithaca, N. Y., class of 1872, and\\nfrom the law department of the Iowa\\nState University, class of 1873 came\\nto Ottumwa Aug. 18, 1873. Mr. Mc-\\nElroy married Belle Hamilton July 2,\\n1873 she was horn at South Salem,\\nOhio they have three children\\nThomas Cliffbrd, Carl E. and Walter H.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nMcElroy, John, laborer.\\nMcGlashon, L. D., engineer.\\nMcGlashon, W. H., surveyor.\\nMcGlone, William, saloon.\\nMcG^REW, WM. A., Cashier of\\nthe First National Bank, Ottumwa\\nborn in Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 15, 1842;\\nhis parents removed to Steubenville in\\n1843; in 1856, went to Springfield,\\nOhio. In July, 1862, he enlisted in the\\n88th O. V. I. was promoted to Lieu-\\ntenant, and afterward to Adjutant in\\n1865, was mustered out as Captain of\\nCo. F, but remained in the service as\\nclerk under Gen. Hoffman, Commissary\\nGeneral of Prisoners. Returned to Ohio;\\nremained two months came to Ottumwa\\nand engaged in farming for some years\\nin 1871, was employed as book-keeper\\nby Cragin Co., pork-packers re-", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0582.jp2"}, "583": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n585\\nmained with that firm one winter season,\\nand with Daggett Edgerly, hardware\\nmerchants, three months in a similar\\ncapacity; in May, 1868, he took the\\nposition he still occupies in the bank.\\nHas served as Alderman from the Third\\nWard two terms. Married f]lizabeth P.\\nRichards, of Brooke Co., W. Va. has\\nfive children Mattie M., Samuel F.,\\nThomas F., Lizzie P. and John Mason.\\nMcKelvy, W. S., grain-buyer.\\nMcLaughlin, E. J., grocer.\\nMcMahon, H. B.\\nMcMichael, Parker, photographer.\\nMcNaniara, M., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nMcXETT, WM., attorney at law;\\nborn in Mt. Morris. Ogle Co., 111.,\\nMarch 10, 1845 lived in Ogle and\\nStephenson Counties, 111., until June,\\n1868, when he removed from Freeport,\\n111., to Marshalltown, Iowa, April 1,\\n1 869 came to Ottumwa in June, 1869;\\nwent to Eddyville, where he was en-\\ngaged in the practice of his profession\\nuntil September, 1871, when he re-\\nturned to Ottumwa, where he has since\\nresided.\\nMcGAVIE, S. li., lumber dealer;\\nborn in Clermont Co., Ohio came to\\nSalem, Henry Co., Iowa, in 1855 to\\nOttumwa in July, 1876.\\nMacoy, H. N., contractor and builder, and\\nmanufacturer of sash, doors and blinds.\\nMadigan, John, employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nMahon, Samuel, wholesale grocer.\\nMAJOR, WILL T., Secretary of\\nthe Johnston RulHer Co. born in\\nChristian Co., Kentucky, April 25,\\n1833 came with his parents to Bloom-\\nington. III., in 1835; in March, 1855,\\nhe came to Ottumwa was engaged in\\nmercantile business here until 1870 in\\n1871, he purchased an interest in the\\nJohnston Ruffler, and has continued in\\nthe manuficture of the ruffler ever since.\\nMANNING CALVIN, attorney at\\nlaw; born June 7, 1851, at Keosauqua,\\nVan Buren Co., Iowa, where his father,\\nEdwin Manning, now resides; after\\nspending eight years in the preparatory\\nschools of New England, entered Cornell\\nUniversity and graduated is also a\\ngraduate from the law department of\\nthe Iowa State University Mr. Man-\\nning was with the law firm of Joy\\nWright, of Sioux City, two years and\\na half; in April, 1875, associated with\\nJudge Morris J. Williams in law busi-\\nness in Ottumwa this partnership con-\\ntinued for two and one-half years, since\\nwhich time Mr. Manning has been en-\\ngaged in the practice of his profession\\nalone. In the spring of 1878, was\\nelected City Attorney, and is now hold-\\ning that office. Married Julia K. Blake\\nSept. 18, 1877 she was born in Ot-\\ntumwa. Is a member of the Congrega-\\ntional Church.\\nMaranan, Pat, farmer.\\nMashek, Ed., machinist.\\nMAST, ISAAC, retired; born in\\nBerks Co., Penn., May 3, 1809; moved\\nto Champaign Co., Ohio, 1833 to Ot-\\ntumwa, Iowa, November, 1867. Married\\nAnn Gehman Jan. 1, 1833; have three\\nchildren Jacob G., Tabitha A. and\\nJ. N. Republican. Members of the\\nM. E. Church. He is owner of real\\nestate.\\nMAST, J. N., attorney; born near\\nUrbana, Champaign Co., Ohio, Nov. 1,\\n1834 he came to Ottumwa in 1866 a\\nyear later, engaged in the practice of\\nlaw was a member of the law firm of\\nFulton Mast from 1869 to 1870.\\nSpring of 1877, was elected Alderman\\nof the Third Ward. Is Secretary of\\nthe Ottumwa Water Power Co. Secre-\\ntary and Treasurer of the Ottumwa\\nWater Works.\\nMast, J. G.\\nMather, E. G., gunsmith.\\nMeek, J. G., merchant.\\nMelick, Aaron, local editor Dail?/ Courier.\\nMerrill, J. H., wholesale grocer.\\nMilburn, Thomas, omnibus-driver.\\nMilligan, George, retired.\\nMiller, A. J., clerk.\\nMiller, Byron, teamster.\\nMILLER, DAVID T., attorney at\\nlaw born near Newark, Ohio, May 2,\\n1843 removed with his parents to\\nUnion Co., Ohio, in 1852 in the fall of\\n1856, came to Sigourney, Iowa; resided\\nthere until September, 1872 then came\\nto Ottumwa. Mr. Miller has been en-\\ngaged in the practice of law six years.\\nHe enlisted February 11, 1864, in Co.\\nG, 15th Iowa Infantry, mustered out\\nAugust, 1865. Married Mary Griswold\\nOctober 2, 1872 she was born in Lock\\nBerlin, N. Y., April 18, 1850.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0583.jp2"}, "584": {"fulltext": "586\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nMiller, George, tinner.\\nMiller, John, laborer.\\nMILLfiR, J. B., restaurant born\\nnear Shanes ville, Ohio, February 5,\\n1837. His first business venture was\\nin the tin and stove trade, which he car-\\nried on for eight years he came to\\nBlakesburg, Iowa, in 1857 for three\\nyears, carried on the same business in\\n1860, came to Ottumwa in 1861, went\\ninto partnership with Krauer, Washburn\\nCo., on the present site of the First\\nNational Bank sold out, and started\\nalone in 1869, William Krauer went\\nin with him, afterward sold out and en-\\ngaged in present business is one of the\\nstockholders, and Secretary of the\\nKrauer Brewing Co. he has a fine\\nvineyard of over three acres, and manu-\\nfactures wine. Married, March 10,\\n1864, Christina Aldrich, daughter of\\nJohn Aldrich, who came here at an early\\nday from Indiana Mrs. Miller was born\\nJune 1, 1844, in Adams Co., Ohio had\\nsix children, five living Lily May, Mat-\\ntie Bird, Charles Edmund, Delia Pearl\\nand George W. the last son, Freddie,\\ndied in infancy. The value of Mr.\\nMiller s real estate is about 120,000.\\nMiller, J. F., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nMiller, J. W., second-hand store and auc-\\ntioneer.\\nMillisack, Jacob, retired.\\nMinnick, C. R., carpenter.\\nMinnick, Z. J., clerk.\\nMohoney, B.\\nMahoney, J., laborer.\\nMahoney, Mike, farmer.\\nMahoney, T., laborer.\\nMoore, A. W., painter.\\nMontague, M., employ C, R. I. P. R. R.\\nMOORE, JOHX L., Secretary of\\nthe Ottumwa Starch Co.; born in Beaver\\nCo., Penn., June 24, 1834 came to Bur-\\nlington in 1855; was in the drug\\nbusiness one year removed to Keokuk\\nin the spring of 1858, removed to\\nEddy ville; in 1869, came to this city.\\nWas Alderman of the Third Ward four\\nyears. Married Henrietta L. Nixon in\\nApril, 1859, in Burlington she is a\\nnative of Greenfield, Ohio have two\\nchildren George C. and Fred L. Mem-\\nbers of the Congregational Church.\\nMoore, Samuel, carpenter.\\nMorrison, J. W., railroad conductor.\\nMorey, D. F., manufacturer of cigars.\\nMortimer, S. B., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nIIOSS, A. D., dealer in dry goods.\\ncarpets, etc.; born at Stonington, Conn.,\\nAug. 1, 1836 came to Ottumwa Aug.\\n27, 1872, and entered the mercantile\\nbusiness in the firm of W. C. Moss, Jr.,\\nCo.; maintained until 1876 the pres-\\nent house was opened April 1, 1878;\\nMr. Moss has been Superintendent of\\nthe Coal and Mining Co., at Dudley,\\nsince 1871 was Superintendent of the\\nSouthwestern Coal and Mining Co.\\nfrom 1872 to 1875 was a stockholder\\nand Director of the First National\\nBank at the time of organization in\\n1872, Osgood Moss were agents of\\nthe Dupont Powder Co.; Osgood retired\\nin 1876 Mr. Moss has since acted as\\nagent. Mr. Moss has represented the\\nThird Ward in the City Council has\\nbeen Treasurer of the Ottumwa Driving-\\nPark Association. Married Mary F.\\nLadd June 1, 1869; born in Jefferson\\nCo., Ohio have three children Caro-\\nline L., Dennison F. and Cleveland Os-\\ngood. Members of the Congregational\\nChurch.\\nMoses, H. W., cooper.\\nMountain, Jolin, carpenter.\\nMuir, T. E., teamster.\\nMuir, Thomas I., teamster.\\nMurphy, B. F., engineer.\\nMurphy, P. B., grocer.\\nMyers, I. A., agent Singer Sewing Ma-\\nchine Co.\\nMYERS, J. H., nurseryman owns\\nten acres of land valued at $5,000 born\\nin Roanoke, Va., in 1826 moved to\\nIndiana; in 1845, came to Ottumwa.\\nHas held various offices of trust City\\nMarshal, City Assessor and Township\\nAssessor. Was in the army three years,\\nin Co. E, 36th I. V. I. mustered out at\\nDuvall s Bluff in August, 1865. Mrs.\\nMyers maiden name was Cochran\\nborn in Greene Co., Ohio, in 1836 two\\nchildren living William P., aged 11\\nyears, and Henry G., 6 years lost\\none child Charles Myers, aged 4 years\\n6 months. Mrs. Myers brother built\\nthe first steam saw and grist mill in Ot-\\ntumwa, none being nearer than forty\\nmiles, and it proved an important factor\\nin the advancement and growth of the\\ntown.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0584.jp2"}, "585": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n587\\nMYERS, M. B., County Auditor;\\nboru in Goshen, Elkhart Co., Ind., June\\n24, 1834 removed to Mt. Pleasant in\\n1852 was educated at the Wesleyan\\nUniversity there in 1855, he came to\\nAshland, Wapello Co. was employed\\nin Ashland by Thomas Ping, as clerk in\\nhis store; in 1857, removed to Ander-\\nson Co., Kan. engaged in flirming there\\nuntil 1859, when he taught school until\\n1860, when he went to Colorado en-\\ngaged in mining at California Gulch\\nuntil he returned to Wapello Co., in\\n1861; in 1864, he went to Helena,\\nArk. in mercantile business there un-\\ntil 1865, when he became Government\\nlessee of the Lamb plantation, near\\nHelena he returned to Wapello Co. in\\n1866 in grocery business in Ottumwa\\nuntil 1868, when he became connected\\nwith the railroad contracting firm of\\nGray, Baker Madison. In 1875,\\nelected County Auditor re-elected in\\n1877. Nov. 26, 1864, married Sadie\\nE. Burkett; she was born in Vigo Co.,\\nInd., Nov. 17, 1840 have three chil-\\ndren Charlie A., Stella and Edward\\nP. Members of the Main Street M. E.\\nChurch.\\nMYNARD, FliOYD J., attorney\\nat law a native of New York was\\nborn April 8, 1852 came to Stephen-\\nson Co., 111., with his parents, in 1854,\\nand lived in that county until May,\\n1877, when he came to Ottumwa was\\neducated at the high school of Free-\\nport and at the University of Wisconsin,\\nat Madison was admitted to the bar of\\nIllinois Jan. 5, 1877 came to Iowa\\nAug. 28 of the same year.\\nVTATION, ISAAC, plasterer.\\nNeeley, Samuel, employe R. R.\\nNelson, John, car-repairer.\\nNelson, J., laborer.\\nNichols, J. C, farmer.\\nNichols, W. W., Chief Engineer Fire Dept.\\nNiece, W. F., plasterer.\\nNodgrun, A., shoemaker.\\nNodgrun, E., shoemaker.\\nNord, W., employe R. R.\\nNorton, M. A., Mrs.\\nNORRI$$, JAMES W., born in\\nMeredith, N. H., Aug. 13, 1815 in\\n1831, his parents removed to Compton,\\nLower Canada; he attended Hadley\\nAcademy, and, in the summer of 1833,\\nwent to the Grammar School at Peach-\\nam in the winter of 1834, he taught\\nschool, and, in 1835, entered Marietta\\nCollege; graduated in 1838; he se-\\ncured a position as private tutor in\\nKentucky, studying law meanwhile, and\\nwas admitted to the bar in 1839, though\\nhe continued teaching at Bloomington\\nuntil 1863, at which time he removed\\nto Chicago he got out the first Direct-\\nory of that city in 1843-44 in April\\nof that year, started the Chicago Journal,\\nin connection with Robert L. Wilson,\\nand after two years began the publica-\\ntion of Directories again he organized\\nthe first Rough and Ready Club, and\\nas Corresponding Secretary of that club\\ninvited Abraham Lincoln to address\\nthem, which he did on the 29th of\\nMarch, 1849, he left Chicago with a\\nmule-team and arrived at Ottumwa\\nabout the 1st of May; In December,\\n1855, he bought the Courier, a history of\\nwhich paper is to be found in the article\\nupon the i)ress. He was appointed\\nPostmaster by Abraham Lincoln, and\\nheld the office six years. He married\\nMiss Martha R. Spaulding, who was\\nborn at Billerica, Mass. Mr. and Mrs.\\nNorris are members of the Congrega-\\ntional Church.\\nNosier, H. C, ice dealer.\\nNusbaum, M., dealer in clothing.\\nNuthall, A., engineer.\\nCONNER, JAMES, laborer.\\nO Conner, Patrick, employe Gas Co.\\nOehlschlager, Jacob, cigar manufacturer.\\nOehlschlager, M., saloon.\\nO Leary, Jerry, retired.\\nOliver, E. R., jeweler.\\nOL.NEY, A. C, DR., physician\\nand surgeon office corner Main and\\nJefiierson streets residence, Ottumwa\\nborn Oct. 13, 1817, in Morgan Co.,\\nOhio in 1830, came to McLean Co.,\\n111., with his parents; in 1840, com-\\nmenced his regular course of studies,\\nand graduated in 1846 at Knox Col-\\nlege; he then removed to Henry Co.,\\nIowa; in 1847, came to Jeff erson Co.,\\nand, in 1853, graduated from the med-\\nical department of the Iowa University\\nin 1855, received the degree of Master\\nat Knox College, 111. in 1850, re-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0585.jp2"}, "586": {"fulltext": "588\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nmoved to Wapello Co.. and commenced\\nthe practice of his profession at Chilli-\\ncothe, Iowa. Owns eighty-six acres of\\nland in Columbia Tp., valued at $25 per\\nacre also house and lot in Chillicothe\\nin 1878, removed to Ottumwa. He\\nnow holds the office of County Physi-\\ncian was appointed County Superin-\\ntendent of Public Schools of Wapello\\nCo. to fill a vacancy in 1867 held this\\nposition till 1868 is now Coroner of\\nWapello Co. is a member of the Des\\nMoines Valley and Wapello County\\nMedical Society. Married Eliza A.\\nSaunders in 1847; she was born Nov.\\n80, 1817, in Woodward Co., Va. died\\nin 1870; had six children, four living\\nGeo. W., Tryphena L., Susan M. and\\nEliza A. His second marriage was to\\nF. A. Daines she was born Oct. 7,\\n18H9, in New York. Has voted the\\nRepublican ticket since its organization\\nin 1856.\\nOlson, A., laborer.\\nO Maley, Wm., grocer.\\nO Neal, F., employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nOrcut, T., laborer.\\nORR, WIL.LIAII li..^ physician\\nand surgeon born in Washington,\\nWashington Co., Penn., April 12, 1823.\\nReceived a classical education at Wash-\\nington College. Penn., and a medical\\neducation at the Jefferson Medical Col-\\nlege of Philadelphia he removed to\\nFairfield, Jefferson Co., Iowa, in 1844,\\nand engaged in practice there until\\nMarch, 1852, when he came to Ottumwa,\\nand went into the drug business he\\nconducted that for several years, and,\\nfrom 1856 to 1858, was Principal of\\nthe Ottumwa public school; in 1858,\\nresumed his medical practice; in 1860,\\nwas elected Mayor, served one terra,\\nand was three times re-elected. In\\nMarch, 1862, entered the service as\\nAssistant Surgeon of the 3d I. V. C.\\nin December, 1862, was promoted to\\nSurgeon of the 21st I. V. I. in No-\\nvember, 1864, he resigned on account of\\nill-health he engaged in the drug busi-\\nness from 1876 to 1878, and, Oct. 8 of\\nthe latter year, was elected Justice of\\nthe Peace was Alderman and City\\nClerk at an early da^^ Feb. 24, 1846,\\nmarried Miss Ruth B. Baldwin she\\nwas born in Washington Co., Penn.\\nhad eight children lost four, two in\\ninfancy William C. and Albert Gr., at\\nthe ages of 21 and 11 respectively four\\nliving Clara (now Mrs. H. A. Kin-\\nman Maggie E. (now Mrs. D. A.\\nPool), John B. and Calvin McClintock,\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nOsborn, Horace.\\nOsterberg, Matt, laborer.\\nOstertagg, C, shoemaker.\\nO Sullivan, Thos., retired.\\nOwens, E. H., plasterer.\\nOwen, George, clerk.\\nOWE:^, T. R.; born in Frankhn Co.,\\nInd., Oct. 22, 1824 moved to Ottumwa\\nin January, 1856 was elected Con-\\nstable in 1878; is a tanner by trade.\\nMarried M. A. Thorp io September,\\n1858; have two children George B.\\nand Carrie S. Republican.\\nPAESNAU, JOHN, stone-mason.\\nPAIiLISTER, JOHN A., manu\\nfacturer of confectionery and dealer in\\nfruit, E. Main street; born Nov. 3,\\n1856, in Quebec; in 1870, came to\\nLucas Co., Iowa in 1872, removed to\\nOttumwa the following year, he com-\\nmenced an apprenticeship with Boulton\\nBros., confectioners remained with this\\nfii m until 1878, when he commenced\\nhis present business his parents reside\\nin Ottumwa his father was born in\\nEngland in 1 833 his mother in Canada\\nin 1833. Republican.\\nParish, S. A., carpenter.\\nPARKE, GEOR(;}E W., lumber,\\nE. Main street resides on Court street\\nborn in March, 1842, in Washington\\nCo., N. Y.; in 1858, came to Chicago\\nremained there till 1871, when he en-\\ngaged as commercial traveler between\\nChicago and New York in. the spring\\nof 1875, came to Ottumwa, and com-\\nmenced his present business. Married\\nMiss Ella Baker in 1873 she was born\\nin Portage City, Wis. Democrat.\\nPark, Leander, grocer.\\nPARK, SAMIJEI. born Sept. 17,\\n1818, in Licking Co., Ohio came to\\nDavis Co., Iowa; then to Ottumwa in\\n1869. Married June 22, 1863, his\\nthird wife had four children by his\\nfirst wife Leander, Angeline, Marcella\\nand Julia three by his third wife\\nEunice, Albert and Charles. He has", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0586.jp2"}, "587": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY,\\n589\\n17.87 acres of land, valued at $2,000\\nis a member of the Episcopal Church\\nRepublican.\\nPECK, A. J., proprietor of livery,\\nfeed and sale stable born in Center Tp.,\\nWapello Co., Iowa, Feb. 6, 1845 en-\\ngaged in farming until the spring of\\n1867, when he engaged in present busi-\\nness.\\nPeck, John F., clerk.\\nPeck, J. yi., Jr., livery stable.\\nPeters, C. C, book-keeper.\\nP E T E R S O X A. P., groceries,\\nflour and feed, East Main st. residence\\non Jefferson st. born Sept. 26, 1843,\\nin Sweden in 1862, came to New York\\nthe following year, removed to Wapello\\nCo., Iowa; in 1875, commenced his\\npresent business. Has been Secretary\\nof the School Board in Polk Tp., and\\nTownship Treasurer in, Cass Tp. Mar-\\nried Anna S. Benson in 1864 she was\\nborn in 1849 in Sweden have five\\nchildren Emily A., John E., Edward\\nL., Fred W. and Charles G. Members\\nof the Lutheran Church Republican,\\nPfister, John, brewer.\\nPhelps, Frank.\\nPICKETT, Z., born in Ripley Co.,\\nInd., June 15,1835 came to Ottumwa,\\nIowa, in 1869. Was in the 7th Ind. V.\\nI. three months mustered out Aug.\\n15, 1861. Married Cynthia Aleya Sept.\\n15, 1862 they have two children\\nAda and Burk. His business, contractor\\nand builder.\\nPickler, J. R., grocer.\\nPierce, G. D., shoemaker.\\nPIERCE, S. D., CIK, manufact-\\nurers and dealers in boots and shoes.\\nPIERCE, S. D., born in Providence,\\nSaratoga Co., N. Y., Oct. 13, 1827\\nAugust, 1850, moved to Lewistown,\\nFulton Co., 111. in 1857, to St. Clair\\nCo., Mo. to Ottumwa in August, 1860.\\nMarried Nancy Petrie April 11, 1846\\nborn at Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N.\\nY. had six children, four living\\nSamuel Miles, Mary L., George D. and\\nFrank D. Has worked at shoemaking\\nabout thirty-six years. Alderman of the\\nFirst Ward of Ottumwa.\\nPierson, M. L., teamster.\\nPierce, R. M., laborer.\\nPOACir, W. I., County Treasurer;\\nborn in Ruggles Township, Ashland Co.,\\nOhio, May 2, 1838 was farming and\\nteaching in that vicinity until May 30,\\n1864 then came to Dahlonega Tp.,\\nWapello Co., Iowa after four years, re-\\nmoved to Columbia Tp. lived there ten\\nyears. Was elected County Treasurer\\nin the fall of 1877. Married Phoebe\\nA. Craft May, 1864 she was born in\\nGrc^ene Co., Penn., January, 1833 j\\nhave had five children, three living\\nElla Blanche, Jennie P. and Clara J.\\nMrs. Poag is a member of the Christian\\nChurch.\\nPOEEARD, WIEEIAM W., of\\nthe firm of Durfee Pollard born near\\nBelleville, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Feb. 28,\\n1835; came to Ottumwa in 1865 has\\nworked at his present business since he\\nwas 17. Has been Alderman of the\\nFourth Ward for three terms member\\nof the School Board for one year. His\\nfirst wife was Amelia C. Claflin, of\\nJefferson Co., N. Y., who died in Feb-\\nruary, 1872, leaving two children Car-\\nrie A. and Amelia M.; married May 14,\\n1873, Harriet E. Lamme, who was born\\nin Montgomery Co., Ohio a member\\nof the Presbyterian Church. Have one\\nchild James.\\nPool, D. A., druggist.\\nPoniroy, Sarah.\\nPORTER, JAMES S., Mayor of\\nOttumwa born near Pittsburgh, Alle-\\ngheny Co., Penn., Nov. 21, 1826; fall\\nof 1833, with his parents, moved to\\nGuernsey Co., Ohio, near Camden\\nspring of 1848, went to New Concord,\\nMuskingum Co., and learned the wagon-\\nmaking and threshing-machine trade;\\ncame to Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1851\\nlocated at Pittsburg, and carried on the\\nmanufacturingofwagons until 1856; came\\nto Ottumwa, and engaged in the same bus-\\niness. In 1861, enlisted in Co. D, 15th\\nIowa V. I. was in all the engagements\\nof that regiment entered as a private\\npromoted to Sergeant, while in rendez-\\nvous February, 1862, made First Lieu-\\ntenant January, 1863, Captain; Janu-\\nary, 1865, Major, and mustered out\\nBrevet Lieutenant Colonel returned to\\nOttumwa June 27, 1865. Elected\\nCounty Judge in October re-elected in\\n1867. From 1870 to 1874, was en-\\ngaged in manufacturing plows sold out\\nremained with the concern until fall.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0587.jp2"}, "588": {"fulltext": "590\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\n1875, as superintendent of the wood\\ndepartment. In March, 1877, he was\\nelected Mayor; in 1878, was re-elected\\nhas been twice Alderman of the city.\\nMarried Oct. 13, 1853, Isabella F. God-\\ndard; born in IJrbana, Champaign Co.,\\nOhio have had four children, two liv-\\ning Harry and Fred.\\nPORTER, ROBERT, of the firm\\nof Porter Bros. Hasworth, wholesale\\nand retail dealers in leather, saddlery\\nhardware, etc., manufacturers of har-\\nness, saddles, horse-collars, etc. Mr.\\nPorter was born in Perryopolis, Fayette\\nCo., Penn., Jan. 18, 1834; moved to\\nVirginia in 1854; in 1857, came to\\nOttumwa. Married Mary J. Hack-\\nworth in May, 1861 she was born in\\nIllinois have had six children, three\\nliving Lettie M., Clarence C. and\\nG-eorge E. Mr. Porter worked at sad-\\ndlery until 1860; he then engaged in\\nbusiness for himself in the manufacture\\nof harness and saddlery; carried on the\\nbusiness until May, 1867; EU Cope\\nwas then admitted to partnership in\\nSeptember, 1872, the present firm was\\nestablished their sales are very large in\\nIowa, Nebraska, Missouri and Colorado.\\nPorter, L. F., lawyer.\\nPost, C. A., railroad conductor.\\nPostie, J. L., teamster.\\nPostlewait, John, coal dealer.\\nPOTTER, ALLEX, was bom in\\nLewis Co., N. Y., Jan. 5, 1837 moved\\nwith his parents to Chautauqua Co.,\\nthence to Steuben Co., in 1869 in\\n1874 to Ottumwa has the position of\\nconductor on a passenger-train on the\\nC, B. Q; R. R. Married Phebe A.\\nTitus Dec. 31, 1861. Members of the\\nM. E. Church. Republican.\\nPotter, John, Notary Public.\\nPotter, William, meat market.\\nPOTTER CHINN, proprietors of\\nmeat market. Second street, near Court.\\nPowell, H. B., carpenter.\\nPowell, W. H., tinner.\\nProctor, George, laborer.\\nProsser, John, miller.\\nPrugh, J., dealer in crockery.\\nPurnell, Frank, clerk.\\nPyle, Norris, horse-trainer.\\n,UILTY, FRANK.\\nQ\\nQuinlan, James, employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nQuinlan, Thomas, blacksmith.\\nOACINE, FRED, car-repairer.\\nRANSEEN, n, C. Pastor the\\nSwedish Evangelical Lutheran Church\\nborn in Sweden April 6, 1845 studied\\nseveral years in Sweden in 1867, came\\nto Paxton, 111.; graduated from Augus-\\ntina College, in 1871 was ordained to\\nthe ministry the same year and, settled\\nat West Dayton, Iowa in 1873, he\\nwent to Elgin, 111., and, in 1875, came to\\nOttumwa has traveled some in mis*-\\nsionary work, and was chairman of the\\nIowa Conference in 1877. Married,\\nOct. 3, 1872, Anna Sophia Anderson\\nshe was born Oct. 0, 1851, in Sweden,\\nand came to this country when but two\\nyears old have three children Arnold\\nE., Gertie L. and Anna Cora.\\nRansier, J. M., undertaker.\\nRay, Joe, policeman.\\nRector, L., carpenter.\\nRedenbaugh, A. J., painter.\\nReece, H. C, carpenter.\\nReece, J. P., carpenter.\\nResor, W. H., book-keeper.\\nRheim, J. H., music teacher.\\nRichardson, J., laborer.\\nRider, James, horse dealer.\\nRider, W. B., horse dealer.\\nRiordan, Tim, Justice of the Peace.\\nRobinson, B., blacksmith.\\nROBIN^OX BRO^., dealers in dry\\ngoods, notions, fancy goods, etc. estab-\\nlished in 1872. C. G. Robinson, born\\nin Frederick Co., Virginia, June 1, 1846;\\nremoved to Missouri October, 1870\\ncame to Ottumwa in April, 1872. S.\\nD. Robinson, born in Frederick Co., Va.,\\nJune 6, 1848; in 1871, removed to\\nMissouri, after one year s residence there\\nhe came to Ottumwa, April, 1872.\\nROBINSOl^, EDWARD A., at\\ntorney at law born in Queensville, In-\\ndiana, July 30, 1854 came to Ottumwa\\nwith his parents in 1857 in the spring,\\nremoved to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; in May,\\n1877, he returned to Ottumwa. Is a\\ngraduate of the Iowa Wesleyan Univer-\\nsity, Class of 1874; he also graduated\\nfrom the law department of Harvard\\nCollege, Cambridge, Mass., Class of 1876;\\nhe was elected Township Clerk at the\\nlast election, October 8, 1878. Is a\\nmember of the First M. E. Church.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0588.jp2"}, "589": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n591\\nRobinson, William, laborer.\\nROBERTS ROCKEY,\\nDRN., homeopatbic physicians and sur-\\ngeons Dr. Roberts makes a specialty of\\nthe eye and ear, and Dr. Rockey of sur-\\ngery. H. W. Roberts, M. D., homeo-\\npathic physician and surgeon born in\\nSheboygan Co., Wis., Oct. 1, 1849 re-\\nmoved to Fond du Lac, Wis., with his\\nparents in 1854 read medicine with\\nDrs. Patchen Bishop in Fond du Lac\\nthen attended the Hahnemann Medical\\nCollege of Chicago graduated from that\\ninstitution, Class of 1874 was resident\\nphysician in the Hahnemann Medical\\nCollege Hospital for one year came to\\nOttumwa in 1875.\\nROCKEY, A. E., homeopathic\\nphysician and surgeon born near Free-\\nport, Stephenson Co., 111., July 5, 1855\\nstudied medicine with Dr. J. H. Beau-\\nmont, of Freeport, then entered Hahne-\\nmann Medical College, of Chicago grad-\\nuated from that institution Class of\\n1877 the Doctor was Physician s Assist-\\nant in Hahnemann Medical College Hos-\\npital one year, and resident surgeon of\\nthe same hospital one year.\\nRcemer, A., cabinet maker and carpenter.\\nRcemer, G. A., carpenter.\\nROGERS, I^ANWES E., DR.,\\ndentist born in Burlington, Iowa, May\\n22, 1851 moved to Clinton, Mo., in\\n1866; resided there two years returned\\nto Burlington attended one course at\\nthe Missouri Dental College in St.\\nLouis, in 1872; in 1873, he entered\\nthe Pennsylvania College of Dental\\nSurgery, at Philadelphia graduated\\nfrom that institution Feb. 28, 1874\\nhe was located in Burlington from that\\ntime until June, 1875, when he came\\nto Ottumwa. He married Alice W.\\nWilson Dec. 25, 1876 she was born\\nin Pennsylvania they have one child\\nRalph Forrest. Mrs. Rogers is a mem-\\nber of the Presbyterian Church.\\nROC)}ERS, T. A., physician and\\nsurgeon born in Galesburg, 111., Feb.\\n6, 1854; came to Ottumwa in 1874;\\nread medicine with T. W. Shaw, of\\nMacon, Mo., and with Dr. Wilkinson;\\nattended lectures at the Missouri Med-\\nical College, of St. Louis, and gradu-\\nated at Rush Medical College in the\\nClass of 1878.\\nRogers, J. H., insurance agent.\\nRogers, Thomas, teamster.\\nROOT, HOSES B., proprietor of\\nthe marble-yard and works; born near\\nSpringfield, Mass., May 25, 1816 par-\\nents removed to Licking Co., Ohio,\\nwhen he was about two years of age\\nin June, 1842, he came to Van Buren\\nCo., Iowa; engaged in farming three\\nyears, then commenced the marble bus-\\niness at Keosauqua came to Ottumwa\\nin 1860. Married Elizabeth Howard\\nin March, 1841 she was born in\\nPennsylvania they have had five\\nchildren lost one son and a daughter\\nHoward died in 1846, and Mary died in\\n1851 those living are Frank L, Addie\\nH., and Ettie L. Members of the\\nCongregational Church.\\nROUNDS, CHARLES B., was\\nborn in Winslow, Me., Dec. 4, 1839;\\nin 1844, he went to live with a relative\\nat Trenton, N. J., his parents having\\ndied while he was quite young lived\\nin Trenton until 1857, when he entered\\nthe regular army, 5th U. S. Regt.; was\\nin Utah, Oregon and New IMexico un-\\ntil the breaking-out of the rebellion\\nduring the rebellion he was stationed\\nin New Mexico the entire time; after\\nthe close of the war, his regiment went\\nto Colorado, established Fort Reynolds,\\nand was stationed there until 1868,\\nwhen he was mustered out of service,\\nhis term of enlistment having expired.\\nCame to Ottumwa in 1871 was con-\\nnected with the North MissouTi Rail-\\nway Co., until 1874; in February,\\n1878, engaged in his present business.\\nHe is Alderman of the Fourth Ward\\nserved one year as Township Clerk.\\nMarried Emma F. Light in April,\\n1872; she was born in Pennsylvania;\\nthey have one child, Marcus J. Mrs.\\nRounds is a member of the Main St.\\nM. E. Church.\\nRowe, A., laborer.\\nROWL.AND, M., Street Commis-\\nsioner; born in Ireland Dec. 25,1838;\\ncame to Quebec in 1854, and after liv-\\ning in Canada three years, moved to\\nMonroe (^o., N. Y., where he lived for\\na year came to Fairfield, Jefferson Co.,\\nin 1858; in November, 1861, came to\\nOttumwa; he was employed in the\\nwholesale grocery house of J. H.\\n3", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0589.jp2"}, "590": {"fulltext": "592\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nMerrill Co., for twelve years, and\\nwas afterward engaged in the packing-\\nhouse of Ladd Co.; he was appointed\\nStreet Commissioner on the 18th of\\nMarch, 1878. Married Oct. 20, 1861,\\nto Ellen Doran, who was born in Ire-\\nland they have had eight children,\\nfour of whom died in infancy the liv-\\ning are Annie, Bridget, Maggie and\\nMary Ellen. Members of the Catholic\\nChurch.\\nRowland, P., employe C, R. I. P. R. R.\\nRussell, J. R., wagon-maker.\\nRussell, T. J., blacksmith.\\nRutherford, J., laborer.\\nQPRAGUES, DAVID, teamster.\\n^s^ Samuels, B., dry goods.\\nSampson, S., tailor.\\nSachel, William, coal-miner.\\nSANCHEZ, FRAlfK, born in\\nBavaria Nov. 11, 1820; came to the\\nUnited States in March, 1853 moved\\nto Dallas Co., Iowa, in July, 1854 en-\\ngaged in farming in 1863, went to\\nChicago and became a cattle-dealer, in\\npartnership with Isaac Waixel in 1875,\\ncame to Ottumwa and built soap works.\\nMarried Louisa Margall Nov. 26, 1846\\nborn in Bavaria have six children\\nMary L., now Mrs. Adolph Smith,\\nArlington Heights Theodore, associ-\\nated with his father; Frank J., with C.\\nH. Hack, of Chicago Charles, with\\nhis father Caroline and Alice Matilda.\\nSAXFORD, STEPHEN B.,\\nborn in Williston, hittenden Co., Vt.,\\nJan. 10, 1816; in 1852, removed to\\nGrranville, Licking Co.. Ohio lived\\nthere until 1856 in 1857, came to this\\nState, locating at Iowa Falls, Hardin\\nCo., where he lived for two years then\\ntwo years in Eldora two in Grinnell\\nthence to Washington, Iowa, in 1864,\\nand to Ottumwa Jan. 15, 1878 he\\nhas been in the hotel business for thirty-\\nsix years, in the livery business ten.\\nMarried, in November, 1836, Miss Mary\\nA. Smith, who was born in Williston, Vt.,\\nMarch 12, 1815 have had five children,\\nfour living two sons and two daughters.\\nSauer, Adam, butcher.\\nSaylor, John, farmer.\\nSax, Charles, clothing.\\nSchaub, L., saloon-keeper.\\nSCHICK, CHARI.es, stave and\\nbarrel manufacturer, firm of J. C. Schick\\nCo. born in Germany came to\\nAmerica with his parents in 1848; to\\nOttumwa, Iowa, in 1868. Married\\nElizabeth Lawson Oct., 1869 have\\nfour children Iowa, Maggie, Charles\\nJ., W^illiam D. He is real estate owner.\\nSchick, v., cooperage and timber dealer.\\nSchinderley, Martin, employe C, B. Q.\\nR. R.\\nSchmitt, A., clothing dealer.\\nSchreeve, J. S., teamster.\\nSCOTT, E. M. B., firm of Scott\\nGoodall, druggists and booksellers, cor-\\nner Main and Green streets residence on\\nJefferson street born March 26, 1842,\\nin Dayton, Ohio in 1856, came to Fair-\\nfield, Iowa engaged in the drug busi-\\nness in 1865, firm of Clarke Scott;\\ncontinued till 1875, when he removed\\nto Ottumwa and had charge of the retail\\ndepartment of J. L. Taylor Co., drug-\\ngists June 10, 1878, commenced their\\npresent business. Married Miss Mar-\\ngaret Brown October, 1866 she was\\nborn Oct. 21,1 845, in Wapello Co., lowa^\\nhave one child Norman, aged 10 years.\\nHe enlisted in 1862, Co. E, 36th I. V.\\nI., and served through the war was in\\nthe battle of Helena, capture of Little\\nRock, Jenkins Ferry and others. Re-\\npublican. Mrs. S. is a member of the\\nChristian Church.\\nSculley, J. C, tinner.\\nSehL John, employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nSellars, Henry, employe C, B. Q. R. R.\\nShafer, Alois, brewer.\\nSharp, W. P., commercial traveler;\\nShaw, Enoch, barber.\\nShea, John, laborer.\\nShea, J. W., laborer.\\nShea, Owen, section boss C, R. I. P.\\nR. R.\\nSHEFFER, G. H., with W. A.\\nJordan Sons born in Nova Scotia\\nJan. 6, 1834; while young went to\\nBoston he was, for a time, engaged in\\nthe lumber business in Maine; came\\nfrom there to Ottumwa in 1862 was\\nin the dry goods business for himself\\neleven years, then entered the house of\\nJordon Sons, as salesman. Was\\nfor two years a member of the City\\nCouncil. Married Martha A. Fuller\\nJan. 26, 1859 she is a native of Maine\\nand was born March, 1838 they have\\ntwo children George H. and SamueL", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0590.jp2"}, "591": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n593\\nMr. SheflFer has real estate valued at\\n$10,000. Mrs. Sheffer is a member of\\nthe Congregational Church.\\nShehan, T., employe R. R.\\nShepard, J. R., agricultural implements.\\nSHEPHERD, THOS. K., pat-\\nentee of the Monitor and manufact-\\nurer of the Big Giant Pump born\\nnear Richmond, Jefferson Co., Ohio,\\nJuly 31, 1834: came to Mt. Pleasant,\\nIowa, in 1857; to Ottumwa in 1860,\\nand invented the pump April 11, 1876.\\nMarried Melissa Whitcomb, Jan. 7,\\n1864 she was born in Fairfield, Iowa,\\nNov. 2, 1841 have three children liv-\\ning Gracie M., Lotty Edna, and an\\ninfant son Fred; two died in infancy.\\nMr. Shepherd owns eighty acres in Sec-\\ntion 17, Richland Tp.\\nSherod, J. G., retired.\\nShreeve, Wm., teamster.\\nShury, J. W., plasterer.\\nSilberman, F., dealer in hides and furs.\\nSimmons, C, carpenter.\\nSimmons, Frank, traveling salesman.\\nSimmons, W. H., paintei*.\\nSimons, Henry, wagon-maker.\\nSinnamon, W. J., railroad employe.\\nSimpson, Alex., retired.\\nSISSOX, H. B., DR., dental sur-\\ngeon born in Champaign, Ohio, Aug.\\n27, 1821 when 14, went to Mississippi;\\nremained one year, and thence to Louisi-\\nana and remained twelve years after-\\nward lived in Kentucky and Indiana\\ncame to Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1853, and\\nengaged in present business has been\\ntwenty-five years in his profession, and\\naside from that has given attention to\\nfruit raising and honey. Married Mar-\\ngaret Rider Oct. 1, 1855; she was born\\nin Fayette Co., Penn., in 1831 lost three\\nchildren, four living Virginia E., Min-\\nnie B., Willie T. and Leonidas W.\\nSkellenger, Luther, teamster.\\nSLEEPER, F. R., born in Compton,\\nN. H., Jan. 3, 1854; came to Ottumwa\\nin August, 1878 is stockholder and\\none of the directors and superintendent\\nof the Ottumwa Starch Co. Married\\nClara P. Vinton Nov. 15, 1876 have\\none child Lawrence E.\\nSLOAN, J., born July 7, 1844, at\\nJoliet, 111. Aug. 18, 1862, enlisted\\nin Co. K, of the 100th 111. V. I.; was\\nengaged in several battles mustered out\\non account of wounds received in battle.\\nWas agent for the C, A. St. L. R. R.\\neight years then agent for the St. L.,\\nK. C. W. R. R. Co., at Wellsville,\\nMo., eight months went to Moulton,\\nIowa, and remained three years in same\\ncapacity Nov. 13, 1877, came to Ot-\\ntumwa, where he holds the same position.\\nMarried C. Snider Nov. 15, 1874.\\nSmeeton, J., milk dealer.\\nSmith, D.\\nSmith, F. W., fruit-grower.\\nSmith, G. A.\\nSmith, G. W., clerk.\\nSmith, J. B., junk store.\\nSmith, J. B., plater J. Ruffler Co.\\nSmith, J. J., commission merchant.\\nSmith, J. L., engineer.\\nSmith, Lewis, mechanic.\\nSMITH, WILLARD M., photo\\ngraphic artist born in East Schuyler,\\nHerkimer Co., N. Y., Sept. 9, 1853;\\ncame to Ottumwa in July, 1878 en-\\ngaged in photographic business five years\\nin Chicago previous to coming to Ot-\\ntumwa Mr. Smith is one of the best\\nphotographic artists in the West.\\nSmith, W. J., R. R. employe.\\nSmith, Wyatt, barber.\\nSpauldins, A. M.\\nSPRAGLE, P. B., born in Wash-\\nington Co., Ohio came to Ottumwa in\\n1874; engaged in the drug trade; his\\nplace of business is on the corner of\\nMain and Union streets, where he keeps\\na first-class stock. Married Sarah A.\\nKimmey Aug. 25, 1875 have one child\\nHarry B.\\nSpringer, James, R. R. conductor.\\nSteck, A. C, attorney.\\nSpurlock, L. B., teamster.\\nSquires, Daniel, retired.\\nStay, Edward.\\nStephenson, W. T., painter.\\nSTELLER, WILLIAM, butcher,\\nE. Main street; born May 7, 1842, in\\nPrussia in 1854, came to St. Louis\\nthe following year, removed to Keokuk,\\nIowa; in 1866, came to Ottumwa; in\\n1873, commenced his present business.\\nEnlisted in 1861, in Co. H, 15th Mo.\\nV. L; served three years and two months,\\nand was honorably discharged was in\\nthe battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, Per-\\nryville, Ky., Stone River, Tenn., Chicka-\\nmauga, Sherman s march to the sea and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0591.jp2"}, "592": {"fulltext": "59 i\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nothers. Married E. A. Bond in 1868\\nshe was born in 1846, in New York\\nhave two children Fred and Walter.\\nMembers of the Lutheran Church.\\nSterrett, J. F., insurance agent.\\nStevens, J. C, dealer in as^rl. implements.\\nSTEVENS, W. H./firm of Stevens\\nDennis, dealers in groceries and pro-\\nvisions born in McDonough Co., Ill,\\nOct. 17, 1844; when 3 years old, his\\nparent removed to Highland Tp., Wa-\\npello Co.; lived on a farm until 1873;\\ncame to Ottumwa, and engaged in pres-\\nent business. Married March 9, 1871,\\nMary M. Dennis she was born in Schuy-\\nler Co., Mo.; have two children Leo\\nand Fred. Owns real estate valued at\\nS3 000\\nSTEWART, DUDLEY W.,\\nDR., born at Athens, Ohio, March 23.\\n1836 moved with parents to West Point,\\nLee Co., Iowa, in March, 1840 March,\\n1857, moved to Rock Island one year\\nafter to Chicago resided there until\\nthe spring of 1861, having charge of the\\nMercy Hospital for one year for two\\nmonths, he had charge of Camp Butler\\nin 1861 then enlisted in the 38th V.\\nI. regiment was on detached duty at\\nCamp Butler for twenty-two months\\nthen to Fort Madison in 1863, and re-\\nmained eight months then to Daven-\\nport for ten months he came to Ottumwa\\nin the fall of 1865. He married Sept. 9,\\n1863, Josephine R. Reeves born at Fort\\nMadison Jan. 1, 1845 have two sons\\nRollin R. and Frank S.\\nStewart, J. L., music dealer.\\nSTEWART, O.E.; born Oct. 11,\\n1844, in Henry Co., Iowa; moved with\\nparents to Des Moines Co. in 1850. In\\n1861, enlisted in Co. E, 15th Iowa V.\\nI. served till nearly the close of the\\nwar mustered out on account of wounds\\nreceived in the battle of Pittsburg Land-\\ning was in the siege and battle of Cor-\\ninth siege and battle of Vicksburg\\nsiege and battles around Atlanta. Mar-\\nried Annie Ogdon Nov 25, 1874; have\\ntwo children Ruth and Francis. Has\\nbeen three years chief train- dispatcher,\\nand the present time train master, of the\\nC, B. Q. R. R. Co. at this point.\\nStewart, W. H., railroad employe.\\nSTIEES, EDWARD H.,\\nJfOI!^., a prominent citizen of Wa-\\npello Co., was born at Granby, Hart-\\nford Co., Conn., on the 3d day of\\nOctober, 1836; in December, 1856, he\\ncame to this county with the intention\\nof making the West his home, and, dur-\\ning the following winter, taught school.\\nBefore became West, he had commenced\\nthe study of law, and, in the spring of\\n1857, he again resumed it in the ofl ce\\nof Col. S. W. Summers, then a leading\\nlawyer of Ottumwa. In December. 1857,\\nhe was admitted to the bar, having\\npassed a remarkably fine examination,\\nand immediately afterward formed a co-\\npartnership with Col. Summers. In\\n1858, Mr. Stiles was elected a member\\nof the City Council, and, in 1859, City\\nSolicitor. During the Presidential cam-\\npaign of 1860, Mr. Stiles was a\\nvery earnest Democrat, and heartily\\nespoused the cause of the Hon. Stephen\\nA. Douglas, urging his election in many\\nforcible speeches in this and adjoin-\\ning counties. After the breaking-\\nout of the rebellion, he regarded it\\nas his duty to ally himself with the\\nRepublican party in the preservation of\\nthe Union, and has ever since been an\\nearnest Republican. In January, 1861,\\nat the first session of the first Board of\\nSupervisors of the county, he was elected\\nAttorney of the Board, and, a year later,\\nwas re-elected in January, 1 864, he\\nwas selected by the Republican party as\\nits representative in the State Legislature\\nfrom this county, and served with dis-\\ntinction during the session on the im-\\nportant Standing Committee on Judici-\\nary and Finance, and a notable special\\ncommittee on a prohibitory liquor law\\nin 1865, Mr. Stites was elected over his\\nhis former law partner. Col. Summers,\\nwho was his Democratic opponent on\\non this occasion, to the State Senate\\nhere, again, he was prominent as a mem-\\nber of the Judiciary and Finance Com-\\nmittees, and of a joint committee of the\\nLegislature, appointed to investigate the\\nfacts respecting a certain large deficit in\\nthe Swamp-Land Fund of the State. As\\nChairman, on the part of the State Sen-\\nate, of the latter committee, Mr. Stiles\\nformally conducted the examination of\\nall of the witnesses, took all the testi-\\nmony and prepared the report, the in-\\nvestigation consuming the greater part", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0592.jp2"}, "593": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n595\\nof tlie session. At the same session, in\\n1866, the office of Reporter of the de-\\ncisions of the Supreme Court, the incum-\\nbents of which were previously appointed\\nby the judges of the courts, was made\\nelective this innovation was strenuously\\nopposed by Mr. Stiles, as unwise, but\\nnotwithstanding this fact, he was nomi-\\nnated by the Republican State Conven-\\ntion, held during the succeeding summer\\nas a candidate for the office, and elected\\nat the fall election; in October, 1870,\\nMr. Stiles was re-elected to the same\\noffice, and at the expiration of his second\\nterm, he positively declined to again\\nbe a candidate, and accordingly retired.\\nAs Reporter of the Supreme Court,\\nMr. Stiles prepared the headnotes, and\\npublished sixteen volumes (Numbers 22\\nto 37, inclusive) of the Iowa Reports,\\nand which take high rank among the\\nlaw reports of this country. It is not\\ntoo much for a friend to say that he re-\\ngards. Mr. Stiles Reports as among\\nthe very best. His clear, analytical mind\\nenabled him at once to seize upon the\\nvery point decided by the Court, and to\\npresent it in the headnotes without be-\\ning incumbered by any extraneous mat-\\nter. This makes his headnotes to the\\ncases decided the very pith of the opin-\\nion. In 1873, he prepared and pub-\\nlished a new Iowa digest, in two vol-\\numes This work was projected by T.\\nP. Withrow, Esq., last predecessor of\\nMr. Stiles in the office of Reporter, who\\nwas early compelled to relinquish its\\npreparation, in consequence of an im-\\nportant professional engagement in an-\\nother State. He has now in press Vol-\\nume III, of his Digest, the three\\nvolumes being a complete digest of the\\nIowa Reports, from the first case re-\\nported down to and including Volume\\nXL VI. His Digest, like his Re-\\nports, is a work of great merit, putting\\nthe bar of the State under many obliga-\\ntions to him for the care, labor and skill\\nhe has bestowed upon it. As a lawyer,\\nMr. Stiles has fairly earned the honora-\\nble reputation of being one of the very\\nbest in the State. His familiarity with\\nthe Reports, acquired during the\\neight years he was Reporter, and in the\\npreparation of the three volumes of his\\nDigest, enables him to be one of the\\nbest case lawyers we have while his\\nextensive and careful reading has given\\nhim an accurate knowledge of the prin-\\nciples of the law. He is careful and\\npainstaking in the preparation of a case\\nfor trial or for argument and, if he has\\nany fault, it is a peculiarity of his which\\noften prompts him to regard his own side\\nof a case as the weak one, growing out\\nof the fact that he studies with care\\neverything that he can imagine might\\nbe brought against him by his opponent;\\nbut, when once he has settled down to\\nan opinion, it is with difficulty he is\\nshaken in it. As an advocate, he is\\nforcible, agreeable and persuasive hav-\\ning considerable natural talent as an\\norator, his extensive reading and a prac-.\\ntice of twenty years enable him to pre-\\nsent his case either to the Court or jury\\nclearly, and often with great force and\\npower. As a politician, Mr. Stiles is\\nan active worker, is well known and\\njustly esteemed by his party throughout\\nthe State, and, undoubtedly, in the fut-\\nure, as in the past, his merit will be\\nappreciated, and additional honors and\\nresponsibilities will be placed upon him.\\nSTOESSEL, PETER, of the firm\\nof S. D. Pierce Co.. dealers in boots\\nand shoes born in Alsace, France (now\\nGermany), Nov. 27, 1834; came to\\nUnited States in 1855, to Mt. Pleasant,\\nHenry Co. in 1859, to Ottumwa, en-\\ngaged in harness making until 1861\\nthen in farming in Davis Co. in 1861,\\nreturned to Ottumwa was with E. M.\\nChapin in the wholesale leather busi-\\nness four years 1867 to 1 869 in leather\\nand hide business here 1870 to 1876,\\non his farm, in Center and Grreen Tps.,\\nin nursery business and farming Janu-\\nary, 1877, engaged in present business.\\nMarried Martha La Salle Feb. 2, 1860\\nborn in Frederickstown, Mo. had nine\\nchildren, five living John Henry, Al-\\nbert Theodore, Rudolph, Mary, Agnes\\nand Jennette Josephine. Members of\\nthe Catholic Church.\\nStratton, 0., dealer in produce.\\nSTR ASSIZER, MARK, born in\\nGermany, April 25, 1839 came to\\nAmerica in 1852; to Ottumwa in 1864.\\nEnlisted in Co. E, 1st I. V. I., in 1861\\nserved the term, three months, then\\nmustered out; was in battle at Williams", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0593.jp2"}, "594": {"fulltext": "596\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nCreek. he is locomotive engineer on\\nthe C, B. Q. R. R. Married Naomi\\nTeedrick, Sept. 3, 1865 have three\\nchildren Mary E., George E., Anna\\nB. Republican.\\nStroble, J. M., tailor.\\nSHAFER, JOHX F., firm of\\nStrong Shafer, proprietors Ottumwa\\nBusiness College; born in Franklin,\\nWayne Co., Ind., Dec. 6, 1855 re-\\nmoved with parents to Dallas Co., Iowa,\\nin 1857; engaged in mercantile pur-\\nsuits and teaching until he came to\\nOttumwa, in October, 1874; has been\\nconnected with the College as teacher\\nsince 1876.\\nSTRONG, Wll. D., of the firm of\\nStrong Shafer, proprietors of the Ot-\\ntumwa Business College born in Ana-\\nmosa, Jones Co., Iowa, April 16,1854;\\nhis previous business was farming and\\nteaching the College is conducted on\\nthe scholarship plan, life, $40 artistic\\npenmanship, $35 three-months course,\\n$25 commercial department and com-\\nmon branches, or normal department,\\n$10 per term.\\nSwabkey, Carl, musician.\\nSwanson, A. M.\\nSwanson, A., cabinet-maker.\\nSWAXSON, CHARLES J.,\\nclerk at Ballingall Hovise born in\\nSweden June 24, 1857 came to\\nOttumwa in 1862 was engaged with\\nW. C. Moss in the grocery business,\\nthen with W. J. Linn as telegrapher\\nat present is in the Ballingall House.\\nMember of the Lutheran Church.\\nRepublican.\\nSweeney, Jerry, laborer.\\nSWENSOK, FRED, merchant\\ntailor and dealer in gents furnishing\\ngoods. Main street, opposite Worcester s\\nresidence on Market street born March\\n8, 1845, in Sweden; in 1868, came to\\nOttumwa, Iowa in 1877, commenced\\nhis present business he carries as fine\\na line of cloths as can be found in the\\ncity. Married Miss Petronella Larson\\nin 1867; she was born in 1843, in\\nSweden have three children Julius\\nH. L., Harry E. and Anton E. Mem-\\nbers of the Lutheran Church. Re-\\npublican.\\nSwiggett, S. A., merchant.\\nSwisher, Isaac, laborer.\\nSugrugh, Daniel, laborer.\\nSullivan, John, hardware.\\nSUMIttERS, SAMUEL W.,\\nCOL., attorney at law born in Fairfax\\nCo., Va., March 8, 1820 came to\\nKeosauqua, Van Buren Co., Iowa, July,\\n1838; the winter of 1838 and 1839\\nwas spent at Burlington, he beino; Ser-\\ngeant-at-Arms of the Legislature re-\\nturned to Keosauqua in the spring of\\n1839 resided there until the fall of\\n1846, when he came to Ottumwa.\\nServed in the 7th Iowa Cavalry during\\nthe late rebellion entered the service\\nin 1863 mustered out as Colonel in\\nFebruary, 1865. Married Marion M.\\nSheffield in July, 1862 she was born\\nin South Bend, Ind.; have four chil-\\ndren Georgia M., Ada, William T.\\nand Clement. Mrs. Summers is a\\nmember of the Congregational Church.\\nSumner, Thomas, mechanic.\\nCARLTON, E., laborer.\\nT\\nTAYLOR, JAMES L., DR.,\\nborn near Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio,\\nJuly 17, 1824; chose the profession of\\nmedicine; read with Dr. Cyrus Faulke-\\nner, at Hamilton he attended the Ohio\\nMedical College at Cincinnati in 1846,\\nbegan practice in Alexandria, Mo. con-\\ntinued but one year the hardships en-\\ncountered there were such as tend to\\nstrengthen and inspire a determination\\nto succeed in spite of the opposition or\\nindifference of the world moved to\\nMt. Pleasant, Iowa; remained two\\nyears, in constant practice thence to\\nColumbus, Louisa Co. spent one sum-\\nmer he arrived at Ottumwa late in\\n1851 practiced four years; fall of 1855,\\ndiscontinued his practice and engaged in\\nthe drug business from a small and\\nunpretentious beginning, trade rapidly\\ndeveloped, and his sales exceeded in\\nvalue all others in this locality when\\nthe B. M. R. R. was completed to\\nOttumwa, he saw the advantages offered\\nby the improved facilities of transporta-\\ntion, and opened a wholesale department\\nnow has the largest trade, wholesale and\\nretail, in druggists supplies, books, sta-\\ntionery, etc., in the State has always\\nbeen prominently identified with the\\nbusiness interests of Ottumwa was one\\nof the founders of the Iowa National", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0594.jp2"}, "595": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n597\\nBank, and has been considerably en-\\ngaged in farming, stock-raising, etc, he\\nis a typical Western self-made man.\\nMarried Juliette A. Garner in May,\\n1846 she was born in Maryland have\\nfive children Emma wife of Robert\\nFinley, of Ottumwa), Jarrett Asbury,\\nClara, Charles O. and James Gr. one\\ndaughter, Mollie E., wife of W. D. El-\\nliot, died Nov. 8, 1875.\\nTaylor, Z., butter-packer.\\nTeeter, I. P., Pastor Main Street M. E.\\nChurch.\\nTemple, George, tailor.\\nTemplin, Cyril, railroad employe.\\nTHOMPJ^OBf, WILLIAM C,\\nClerk of the Courts; born near Browns-\\nville, Brown Co., Ohio, Feb. 13, 1834\\nmoved with parents to Green Tp., this\\ncounty, November, 1848 engaged in\\nfarming and teaching until 1873 then\\ncame to Ottumwa was one of the pro-\\nprietors of the Ottumwa Business Col-\\nlege until Oct. 8, 1878, when he was\\nelected Clerk of the Courts. Married\\nMargaret A. Kedenbaugh Aug. 2, 1862;\\nborn in Ottumwa have had six chil-\\ndren lost three Mary Ellen, Ida May\\nand Guy three living Jessie, Jennie\\nJune and Corinth. Mrs. Thompson is\\na member of the Main Street M. E.\\nChurch.\\nThompson, Samuel, clerk.\\nTHRONE, HENRY% merchant;\\nborn April 12, 1850, in Medina Co., Ohio\\ncame to Ottumwa in August, 1872 been\\nengaged in the mercantile business about\\nfour years, at No. 640 West Second st.\\nMarried Nora M. Gorsuch April 23,\\n1874 have one child Harry Throne.\\nRepublican.\\nThorn, John, blacksmith.\\nThornburg, Thomas, salesman.\\nTHRALL, SENECA BRO WX,\\nH. H., son of the late Prof H. L.\\nThrall, of Kenyon College, Ohio; was born\\nin Utica, Licking Co., in that State, Aug.\\n9, 1832 commenced the study of medi-\\ncine with his father in 1849 in 1851-\\n52, attended a course of lectures at Star-\\nling Medical College, and subsequently\\npassed through all the departments at\\nKenyon College, graduating A. B. in\\n1851, and A. M. in 1855 he also gra-\\nduated at the University of New York\\nhe began practice with his father in\\nColumbus, and with the interval of little\\nmore than a year spent at Belle Center,\\nLogan Co., resided there until he came\\nto Ottumwa in May, 1856. Dr. Thrall\\nis a member of the Wapello County\\nMedical Society was its President in\\n1871. Has been a member of the State\\nMedical Society since 1856, and was its\\nSecretary in 1865, and President pro\\ntem. in 1870 in 1873, he was again\\nmade Secretary, and annually re-elected\\nuntil 1877 was a Delegate of the\\nAmerican Medical Association to San\\nFrancisco in 1871, and is an honorary\\nmember of the California State Medical\\nSociety. Has been a member of the City\\nSchool Board for fifteen years. In 1862,\\nwas appointed Surgeon in the Military\\nHospital at Keokuk in November of\\nthat year, was commissioned Assistant\\nSurgeon of the 13th Iowa V. I. served\\nwith it in the 17th Army Corps until\\nMay, 1864. Married May, 1856, Mary\\nBrooks, of Columbus, Ohio have three\\nchildren\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Frank B., Nellie and Homer N.\\nTilman, Ferrington.\\nTilleen, C. A., clerk.\\nTilton, R. L., retired.\\nTindell, N. M., grocer.\\nTisdale, 0. D., proprietor Planters House.\\nTower, D. W book-keeper.\\nTROTTER, THOMAS B., City\\nMarshal and Chief of Police born in\\nKnoxville, Jefi erson Co., Ohio, Oct. 27,\\n1848 came with his parents to Ben-\\ntonsport. Van Buren Co., Iowa, in the\\nfall of 1852 soon moved to Glasgow,\\nJeflFerson Co., Iowa went to Bonaparte,\\nwhere they resided about eleven years\\nreturned to Bentonsport lived there two\\nyears, then removed to Birmingham, in\\nthe same county came to Ottumwa in\\nDecember, 1873. Was in the employ\\nof the Johnston Ruffler Co. two years\\nthen went to Idaho, where he was in the\\nemployment of the Northwestern Stage\\nCo. about eighteen months returned to\\nOttumwa. Has been City Marshal and\\nChief of Police thirteen months. Mr.\\nTrotter married Sarah Florence Smith\\nMay 22. 1874 she was born in Indiana\\nthey have two children George Francis\\nand Mary Blanche. Mrs. Trotter is a\\nmember of the Presbyterian Church.\\nMr. Trotter s father lives with him is\\na native of Pennsylvania.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0595.jp2"}, "596": {"fulltext": "598\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nTruitt, Oliver, laborer.\\nTucker, J. P., saloon.\\nTullis, G. M., coal contractor.\\nTullis, Mike, farmer.\\nTullis, M. H., farmer.\\nTurk, E. M., carpenter.\\nTurner, Matt, laborer.\\nTurner, W. H., conductor C, B. Q. R. R.\\nTTLLERY, H. L., teamster.\\nUteclit, Peter, druggist.\\nUtterback, H., laborer.\\nTT-ANAMAN, A., R. R. conductor.\\nVan Cleave, D. H., clerk.\\nVanwerden, E., machinist.\\nVan Zant, Nich.\\nVEEDER, E. W., born Sept. 7,\\n1837, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. moved\\nto Erie Co. with parents in 1858,\\nto Milwaukee in 1869, to Iowa, and\\nhas been in the employ of the C, B.\\nQ. R. R. Co. since came to Ottumwa\\nMarch, 1876. Married Mary E. Duree\\nJune 17, 1874; they have two children\\nCharles and Burt.\\nVinson, Stephen, stone-mason.\\nVengent, C. B., book-keeper.\\nVengent, N. L., R. R. employe.\\nVogel, E. B., farmer.\\nWACHTLER, ALBERT, shoe-\\nmaker.\\nWAGG, JOSEPH, barber; born\\nFebruary 22, 1821, in England; came\\nto the United States in 1843, settling\\nin St. Louis in 1852, he came to Ot-\\ntumwa has been occupied in his present\\nbusiness since, except one year in the\\ngrocery trade was the first barber in\\nOttumwa. In 1862, was Alderman of\\nthe Second Ward. Married in St. Louis\\nMay 2, 1847, Miss Sarah Leake, also a\\nnative of England have two children\\nliving Hannah L. (widow of Henry\\nMillsj and Frances V. three died in\\ninfancy.\\nWAGNER, JOHN, grocer, corner\\nMain and Burch streets born Nov. 13,\\n1827, in Prussia, Germany; in 1856,\\ncame to Agency City and engaged in\\nwoolen-mill business; in 1862, removed\\nto Ottumwa, and carried on the same\\nbusiness till 1869, when he engaged in\\nstone-quarry trade continued at this\\ntill 1874, when he commenced his pres-\\nent business. Married Elizabeth Lader\\nin 1856 she was born in 1829, in Prus-\\nsia, Germany; had six children, five liv-\\ning Mary A., John A., Lizzie, Caroline\\nand Catharine lost Jacob in infancy.\\nWAEKER, C. L., of the firm of\\nKirk Walker born in Keosauqua,\\nVan Buren Co., April 9, 1846. Au-\\ngust 10, 1864, enlisted in Battery L,\\n2d Illinois Light Artillery. Was after-\\nward agent at Pella for the K. D. M.\\nR. R. for six years came to Ottumwa\\nin November 1874.\\nWalker, J. S., retired.\\nWalker, M. B., book-keeper.\\nWalker, Robert, laborer.\\nWalton, U. R., mail agent Union Pacific\\nRailway.\\nWard, F. D., R. R. employe.\\nWARD, JOHN, baggage-master of\\nthe C, R. I. P. R. R. born in Ft.\\nWayne, Ind., Sept. 16, 1842, and came\\nto Keokuk Co., Iowa, in 1865. En-\\nlisted Jan. 1, 1864, Co. F, 130th Indi-\\nana Infantry; mustered out Aug. 1,\\n1865 was with Sherman from Buz-\\nzard s Roost to Atlanta; wounded at\\nbattles Kenesaw Mt. and Burnt Hickory,\\nGa. Came to Ottumwa March 4, 1866.\\nWas on the city police force for eighteen\\nmonths, and has been connected with\\nrailroad business for over five years.\\nOct. 31, 1867, married Indiana Van\\nWinkle, who was born in Indiana have\\nfour children Mary E., William J.,\\nClarence E. and James N.\\nWARDEN, CHARLES C,\\nDR., born in Marysville, Mason Co.,\\nKy., Nov. 20, 1816; at 18 moved, with\\nhis parents, to the vicinity of Batavia,\\nClermont Co., Ohio; in 1838, went\\nto Greensburg, Decatur Co., Ind. re-\\nmained until the spring of 1843, mean-\\nwhile educating himself at the Ohio\\nMedical College, Cincinnati began the\\npractice of medicine in 1842 came to\\nOttumwa July 4, 1843, and remained\\nin the practice of his profession until\\n1856, although he entered the mer-\\ncantile business in 1851, which he\\ncarried on alone until recently, when he\\naamitted his son to partnership in con-\\njunction with his other pursuits he has\\nbeen engaged in farming to quite an\\nextent ever since he came here, having\\nowned one or more farms during the\\nentire time. Was President of the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0596.jp2"}, "597": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n599\\nSchool Board for twelve years, and it\\nwas largely through his instrumentality\\nand industry that the present efficient\\nsystem of schools was built up he was\\na member of the Board of Trustees of\\nthe Agricultural College for four years,\\nand Chairman of that Board for two years;\\nhas, besides, held various minor offices\\nof trust. Married Martha Williams on\\nthe 13th of June, 1846 she was born\\nin Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 28, 1828;\\nhave had twelve children, seven now\\nliving Frank C, Charles H., Laura T.,\\nHettie, Sallie M., Lucy T. and Martha\\nV. The Doctor and his wife are mem-\\nbers of the First M. E. Church.\\nWard, J. H., employe Express Co.\\nWarden F. C., merchant.\\nWARDEN, RICHARD H.,\\nborn in Maysville, Mason Co., Ky.,\\nMarch 8, 1826; when he was 8 years\\nof age, his parents removed to Bethel,\\nClermont Co., Ohio, where they re-\\nmained about three years, and where\\nhis father died his mother removed to\\nGreensburg, Decatur Co., Ind., and sub-\\nsequently married Col. John Kane his\\nfather died near Bethel, Ohio, in 1839,\\nand his mother, at Williamsburg, Ohio,\\nin 1874 Mr. Warden learned the print-\\ning business at Batavia, Clermont Co.,\\nOhio, with Andrew M. Guest, and\\nworked there at his trade until the\\nspring of 1846, when he took charge of\\nthe Clinton Republican at Wilmington,\\nOhio, for David Fisher, then Member\\nof Congress from the Second Ohio Dis-\\ntrict in April, 1848, he came to Ot-\\ntumwa, and, in August of that year,\\nestablished the Ottumwa Courier, in\\nconnection with J. H. D. Street, a fuller\\naccount of which enterprise will be\\nfound in the article upon the County\\nPress. In April, 1849, he was ap-\\npointed Postmaster, and served four\\nyears and two months. He continued\\nwith the Courier until Dec. 20, 1855,\\nwhen he engaged in the mercantile and\\nhotel business until Aug. 18, 1862,\\nthen enlisted as a private in Co. E, 36th\\nIowa V. I. was elected First Lieuten-\\nant, and mustered in at Keokuk this\\nregiment served in the 7th Army Corps,\\nunder command of Gen. E. 0. C. Ord,\\nSteele s Division the engagements in\\nwhich he participated were the Yazoo\\nexpedition in the rear of Vicksburg,\\nHelena, capture of Little Rock, and\\nother minor ones; in December, 1863,\\nhe was sent to Iowa on recruiting serv-\\nice, and remained until April, 1864; he\\nenlisted 165 men more than any other\\nman in the State during the same\\nlength of time while in the service, he\\nwas Aide-de-camp to Gen. Asboth and\\nGen. B. M. Prentiss, and was Assistant\\nAdjutant General of the 2d Brigade,\\n1st Division of Steele s Army Corps\\nfrom June 10 to Dec. 4, 1864, he served\\nas Post Adjutant at Little Rock, when\\nhe resigned on account of dangerous ill-\\nness in his family. Previous to 1875,\\nhe was Assistant Assessor of Internal\\nRevenue, which office he filled for sev-\\neral years. Since 1870, he has been\\ncontinuously connected with the Courier\\nas editor and business manager, and has\\nbeen associated with the press of thci\\nState longer than any other editor now\\nengaged upon the Iowa newspapers.\\nHe has held various city offices. On\\nthe 26th of February, 1851, married\\nVirginia C. Adams, who was born at\\nLouisville, Ky., Oct. 20, 1832; have\\nhad seven children, three of whom died\\nin infancy; the living are George A.,\\nNettie C, Annie and Clara E.\\nWarden, S. J., retired.\\nWarman, Jarrett, clerk.\\nWarren, A.\\nWashburn, E., retired.\\nWATERMAN, H. L.., manufact-\\nurer of cigars and tobacco, office in\\nBallingall Block born Nov. 19, 1840,\\nin Croydon, N. H. in 1858, went to\\nCalifornia; in 1861, returned to Massa-\\nchusetts. In 1862, enlisted in Co. A,\\n47th Massachusetts Infiintry served one\\nyear, then was commissioned Lieutenant\\nof the First New York Engineers, with\\nheadquarters at Hilton Head,S. C. held\\nthis position till the close of the war. In\\n1865, removed to Burlington and was\\nemployed by the C, B. Q. R. R. as\\nCivil Engineer; held this position till\\nDecember, 1869 in January, 1870, he\\nremoved to Ottumwa, and was City En-\\ngineer for one year then was appointed\\nChief Engineer of the St. Louis Keo-\\nkuk R. R., held this position till June,\\n1871, when he was appointed Chief En-\\ngineer of the Cedar Rapids St. Louis", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0597.jp2"}, "598": {"fulltext": "600\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nR. R. December, 1871, he commenced\\nhis present business has been Alder-\\nman, also a member of the City Council.\\nRepublican.\\nWatkins, C. S., stair-builder.\\nWeider, H., R. R. employe.\\nWellman, A., salesman.\\nWendt, M. H., cigar manufacturer.\\nWelsh, John, laborer.\\nWest, Robert, meat market.\\nWHAL.E1V, THOMAS, born May\\n2, 1858, in Canada moved to New York\\nState with his parents when quite young;\\nto Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1867, and is en-\\ngaged in the grocery trade at 521 Main\\nstreet.\\nWHEELOCK, CJEORGE H.,\\nmanager of W. U. Telegraph office\\nborn in Boston, Mass., Sept. 18,\\n1850. He entered the army Sept. 21,\\n1861, as drummer boy, with the 6th\\nMichigan Vol. Infantry and Heavy Ar-\\ntillery served three years and seven\\nmonths. Commenced telegraphing in\\n1870, which he followed in Kalamazoo,\\nMich., Chicago, 111., and for four years\\nin Ottumwa. On the 7th of December,\\n1876, he married Mary D. Kellogg, who\\nwas born in Kalamazoo, Mich.; they\\nhave one child Herbert K.\\nWhipple, J. J., janitor, Lincoln School-\\nhouse.\\nWhite, A., teamster.\\nWhite, William E.\\nWeimer, Adam.\\nWII.KIXSON, J. E., physician\\nand surgeon born June 6, 1837, in\\nAddingham, Yorkshire, England his\\nparents removed, the same year, to this\\ncountry, and located in Westmoreland\\nCo., Penn.; when he was 10 years of\\nage, they removed to Indiana Co.,\\nPenn.; at 17 years of age, he began\\nthe study of medicine in Clarion Co.,\\nunder the instruction of Dr. John Cres-\\nwell in 1857, went to England, and\\nentered the London Medical College\\nreceived his degree in 1858 after grad-\\nuation, he returned to Clarion Co., and\\nassociated himself for two years with\\nhis old instructor. Dr. John Creswell\\nremoved to Hannibal, Mo., remained\\nthree years to Macon City, Mo.,\\nin 1863; thence, in 1875, to Ottum-\\nwa.\\nWillard, E. M., teamster.\\nWIEIilAMS, A. O., physician and\\nsurgeon son of Alfred 0. and Minerva\\nTownsend Williams born at Nauvoo,\\n111., Nov. 6, 1849; when 5 years of\\nage, moved with his parents to Clinton,\\nIowa was educated at the Iowa State\\nUniversity received the degree of A.\\nB. in 1873, and M. D. in 1875 came\\nto Ottumwa in March, 1876. Member\\nof the American Medical Association,\\nand of various others.\\nWilliams, David, stone-mason and farmer.\\nWILLIAMS, HEXRY, manu-\\nfacturer of spring and farm wagons\\ndoes blacksmithing of all kinds; born\\nSept. 22, 1849, in Ottumwa, Iowa.\\nMarried Samantha Bizer Dec. 3, 1872\\nhave two children Maggie and an\\ninfant.\\nWIEEIAMS, MORRIS J.,\\nHOX., attorney at law born at Brook-\\nville, Franklin Co., Ind., Nov. 14, 1825\\nin 1850, went to Greensburg, Decatur Co.,\\nInd.; engaged in the practice of law\\nthere from 1851 to 1854; was Prose-\\ncuting Attorney for two years in No-\\nvember, 1854, located in Ottumwa;\\nwas Judge of the Second Judicial\\nDistrict of Iowa, from 1871 to 1875.\\nMarried Mary E. Stoops at Brookville,\\nInd., May 29, 1851; she died Oct.\\n31, 1877, from injuries received in a\\nrunaway accident; she was born in\\nFranklin Co., Ind., Jan. 2, 1833 left\\nninechildren Queen M., John P., Mor-\\nris H., Lillian Augusta, Augustus V.,\\nMinnesota May, Mary E., Elma 0. and\\nKeota Winona.\\nWIIililAMSOX, J., physician and\\nsurgeon born in Scott Tp., Adams Co.,\\nOhio, March 13,1827; he came to\\nOttumwa in November, 1852 when\\n20 years of age, he went to West\\nUnion, and was for two years a private\\nstudent of Prof R. Buck; at the ex-\\npiration of that time he commenced the\\nstudy of medicine with Dr. H. Gr.\\nJones; was with him two years; in\\nMarch, 1852, he graduated from the\\nmedical department of the Western\\nReserve College of Ohio. The Doctor\\nmarried Sarah N., Jones May 27, 1852\\nshe was born in Stanton Co., Va.;\\nthey have one daughter by adoption\\nMaggie. Members of the Congrega-\\ntional Church.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0598.jp2"}, "599": {"fulltext": "OTTUMWA CITY.\\n601\\nWilliams, R. J., Miller.\\nWILSONS HENRY, dealer in real\\nestate born in Harrison Co., Ky., Jan.\\n9, 1820; when a boy, his parents re-\\nmoved to Monroe Co., Ind. in 1849,\\ncame to Van Buren Co. to Ottumwa,\\nin the spring of 1851 engaged in\\nfarming, plastering, etc., until 1866\\nsince then his attention has been de-\\nvoted principally to real estate opera-\\ntions. His first wife was Nancy Jane\\nFarmer, of Indiana she died in Febru-\\nary, 1864 has two children Pryor S.\\nand William. Mr. Wilson s present\\nwife was Elizabeth Cox they were\\nmarried in March, 1866; she was born\\nin Indiana. Mrs. Wilson is a member\\nof the First M. E. Church.\\nWilson, H. B., laborer.\\nWILSON, JOHN, firm of Wilson\\nLowrie, dealers in butter and eggs\\nborn in Scotland June 12, 1829 came\\nto New York in 1865, where he lived\\nuntil he came to Ottumwa, in the\\nspring of 1878 has been engaged\\nin his present business since his\\narrival.\\nWIL.SON, liUTHER H., dealer\\nin boots and shoes born in Hardy Co.,\\nW. Va., March 18, 1848; his parents\\nremoved to Clay Co., Ind., when he was\\nan infant when he was 5, moved to\\nKeokuk a few months after, to Mem-\\nphis, Mo. resided there seven years\\ncame to Birmingham, Van Buren Co.,\\nIowa, in 1861 to Fairfield one year\\nlater to Ottumwa in 1866 was en-\\ngaged with his father in the furniture\\nbusiness two years in the tannery and\\nmill business until 1873, when he en-\\ntered his present business. Married\\nCatherine Gertrude Guinn Oct. 2, 1871\\nshe was born in Birmingham, Van\\nBuren Co., Iowa have two children\\nClaude Guinn and Charles Levitt. Mr.\\nWilson is a member of the M. E. Church.\\nWilson, R. A., painter.\\nWilson, R. C, traveling salesman.\\nWIND, N. P., wholesale dealer in\\nwines and liquors born in Sweden Jan.\\n3, 1841 came to the United States in\\n1871 lived in Paxton, 111., six months;\\ncame to Iowa engaged with the C.\\nS. W. R. R. for six months Aug. 5,\\n1878, engaged in his present business.\\nMarried Emma Peterson Jan. 12, 1878;\\nborn in Sweden members of the Lu-\\ni theran Church.\\ni WINN, JAMES H., photographic\\nj artist; born in England Jan. 29, 1838;\\nten yeai S after came, with his parents,\\nI to the United States to Fayette Co.,\\ni Penn. in 1856, came to Liberty ville,\\nJefferson Co., Iowa; lived there and in\\nthis State until 1858, when he went to\\nCalifornia in September, 1861, he en-\\nlisted in Co. B, 2d Cal. V. C. served\\nuntil October, 1864 in December,\\n1864, went to Philadelphia enlisted in\\nCo. A, 3d Regt. U. S. Vet. Vols. mus-\\ntered out Feb. 18, 1866. Engaged in\\nphotographing at Brownsville, Penn.; had\\nworked as a machinist prior to coming\\nWest; was two years engineer for J. D.\\nLadd Co. four years engineer of the\\nsteam fire-engine of Ottumwa; has been\\nin his present gallery since February,\\n1876.\\nWINSTRAND, PETER J.,\\nmerchant tailor; was born in Sweden\\nOct. 14, 1837, and came to the United\\nStates in 1866, stopping in Galesburg,\\n111., then in Burlington, and, Oct. 10,\\ncame to Ottumwa established his pres-\\nent business in 1876. Married Jan. 1,\\n1858, Anna Nelson, who was born in\\nSweden have had seven children, three\\nhave died the living are John August,\\nAnna M., Nels and Victor. Members\\nof the Swedish Lutheran Church.\\nWitter, G. A., book-keeper.\\nWolf, John S., contractor.\\nWood, L. A.\\nWoolworth, C. M., wagon-maker.\\nWORCESTER, ^S. H., dealer in\\noils, paints, window glass and show-cases,\\nEast Main st.; residence on Court St.;\\nborn April 15, 1828, in England; in\\n1848, came to Cincinnati, Ohio in\\n1850, removed to Portsmouth, Ohio\\nin 1853, came to Granville, Licking Co.,\\nOhio, and attended the Dennison Uni-\\nversity for a terra of four years stud-\\nied for the Baptist ministry, and was\\nordained at Norwalk, Ohio, in 1856\\ntwo years later, he came to Ottumwa as\\nMissionary of the American Baptist\\nHome Mission Society, to establish a Bap-\\ntist Church was Pastor for seven years\\nat the end of this time, he had secured,\\nprincipally at his own expense and labor,\\ntwo houses of worship\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one a small chapel", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0599.jp2"}, "600": {"fulltext": "602\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nat Richmond, the other a genteel and\\ncommodious edifice, located corner of\\nCourt and Fifth sts.; this property was\\nvalued, in 1865, at about 83,000. He\\ncommenced his present business in 1865,\\nwith a very small capital, and now has a\\nlarge stock and an extensive business\\ncarries the largest stock of show-cases\\nwest of Chicago he was the first man\\nin the United States who manufactured\\nmixed paints ready for use and put\\nthem in the market this business be-\\ncoming unprofitable by reason of low\\nprices and competition, now gives his\\nspecial attention to the manufacturing\\nof show-cases, picture frames and the\\ngeneral trade of window-glass, with a\\ndepartment of paints, artists materials\\nand wall paper. Married Elizabeth\\nHuston in 1850 she was born Dec. 25,\\n1826, in Portsmouth, Ohio have three\\nchildren Lucy J. (now Mrs. A. P.\\nTerry Frank S. and Addy B.\\nWyman, W. C, crockery.\\nOUNG, F. H. W., clerk.\\nY\\nYarnell, D. N., blacksmith.\\nYONGE, E. G., of the firm of E.\\nG. Young Bro., grocers, and proprie-\\ntors of the Union Bakery, on Second\\nstreet, between Court and Market streets\\nborn Nov. 11, 1840, in Ohio Co., Ind.,\\nin 1866, came to Missouri; in 1871,\\nremoved to Ottumwa, and commenced\\nhis present business was sutler of the\\n43d 111. Begt., from 1862 to the end of\\nthe war. His father was born in 1808, in\\nNew York City died in 1876. in Ottum-\\nwa his mother was born in New York\\nCity in 1812, and resides in Ottumwa.\\nYoung, J. B., traveling salesman.\\nYoung, William F.\\nf^ABBING, PHILLIP, teamster.\\nZAFFEE, STEVE, MRS.,\\ndaughter of Michael Orrt, and widow\\nof Anton Zaffle saloon, corner College\\nand Main streets he was born in\\n1827, in Baden, Germany, and died\\nMay 23, 1878 she was born in 1830,\\nin Baden, Germany. Was married in\\n1853 the following year they came to\\nLouisville, Ky.; then to Keokuk, Iowa\\nin 1863, came to Ottumwa he was for\\nseven years a butcher and pork-packer.\\nShe owns three houses and lots in the\\ncity. They had eight children, six\\nliving Lena, Mary, Louisa, George,\\nJohn and Minnie. Member of the\\nCatholic Church.\\nZAXGS, henry; a., wholesale\\ndealer in wines and li(|uors born in\\nPrussia July 4, 1832, came to the\\nUnited States Nov. 14, 1864, locating\\nBentonsport, Van Buren Co., Iowa\\ncame to Ottumwa in the spring of 1865\\nwas in a woolen- factory for a year then\\nbegan the business of dyeing in 1868,\\nwent into the grocery trade traveled\\none year for a Keokuk liquor house\\nreturned to Ottumwa and went into his\\npresent business. Married Paulina\\nAnwerda in November, 1867 she was\\nborn in Holland had five children one\\ndied in infancy four living Henrietta,\\nChristian, Catharine and Gerhardy.\\nZinn, Fred, clerk.\\nZollars, David, dealer in real estate.\\nZollars, T. J., insurance agent.\\nZulauf, Henry, contractor.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0600.jp2"}, "601": {"fulltext": "CENTER TOWNSHIP.\\nt)03\\nCENTER TOWNSHIP.\\n(P. 0. OTTUMWA.)\\nA BBOT, p., farmer, Sec. 4.\\nALCOCK, W. B., far., Sec. 27\\nborn in Washington Co., Ohio, Sept. 12,\\n1814 came to Iowa in 1865. Married\\nMary Elston Oct. 1, 1843; she was\\nborn Oct. 7, 1817, in Washington Co.,\\nPenn. has six children Martha, Ellen,\\nWaldo, Druzilla, Julia E., Geo. W. and\\nJohn N. Owns 92 acres, valued at\\n$6,000. Mr. A. is a strong Republican.\\nALEXAl^DER, JOHK^, farmer.\\nSec. 12 owns sixty-six acres, worth\\n$100 per acre; born in Greene\\nCo., Tenn. removed to Monroe Co.\\nwith his parents in 1823 thence\\nMt. Pleasant, Henry Co., Iowa, in the\\nfall of 1841 thence to Jefferson Co. in\\n1843, and from Jefferson to Ottumwa\\nin the year 1869. Married Sarah A.\\nWoody; she was born May 18, 1821\\nhave had six children five living Mary\\nE., born Jan. 15, 1844; Julia H., born\\nApril 28, 1848 Laura and Lorinda, born\\nApril 28, 1856; Alice, born July 22,\\n1862; James M. died Sept. 20, 1844.\\nAnderson, A. P., farmer, Sec. 20.\\nAnderson, Peter.\\nAlexander, J., farmer. Sec. 12.\\nAringdale, R., farmer. Sec. 3.\\nAumack, E. M., Richmond.\\nAustin, John, farmer, Sec. 20.\\nAustin, Thos., far., S. 20.\\nO AKER, WILLIAM J., far., S. 3.\\nBallard, J. E., brickmason Richmond.\\nBallard, W. N., brickmason Pickwick.\\nBarrett, A., far., S. 19.\\nBarrett, Jas., far., S. 19.\\nBarton, A., far., S. 29.\\nBarton, G. R., far., S. 29.\\nBates, E. M., far., S. 28.\\nBarton, H.\\nBEDWELL, THOMAS, Sec\\n18; born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Oct.\\n14, 1826 parents moved to Morgan\\nCo., 111., in 1827; Oct. 6, 1843, he\\ncame to Sec. 24, Agency Tp., in this\\ncounty in 1868, came to Ottumwa in\\n1868 and 1869, was Sheriff of the\\ncounty in the livery and grocery busi-\\nness until 1875, when he moved to the\\nfarm which he now carries on. While a\\nresident of Agency, was three years a\\nmember of the County Board of Super-\\nvisors held various other township\\noffices. Married Eleanor Be Ford Oct.\\n12, 1848; born in Indiana; had six\\nchildren one son died in infancy five\\nliving George T., Emma, Charles E.,\\nBrepilda and Rachel Eleanor. Mrs.\\nBedwell is a member of the First M. E.\\nChurch. Mr. Bedwell owns a fruit-\\nfarm of forty -four acres on Sec. 18, in\\ncommon with John Gray 440 acres in\\nKeokuk Tp., and Ottumwa City prop-\\nerty\u00e2\u0080\u0094all valued at $9,000.\\nBEIili, X., born in Butler Co., Ohio,\\nin 1805; one of the first settlers in Put-\\nnam Co., Ohio. Married Miss Celia\\nWright in 1824 she was born in North\\nCarolina in 1803. Mr. Bell came to\\nWapello Co. in 1845 here he has since\\nlived.\\nBELiLi, B. P., born in Marion Co.,\\nInd., Aug. 23, 1837 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1845 went to California in 1859\\nreturned in 1862; went to Montana in\\n1864 returned in 1867. Married Miss\\nHarriet Williams Sept. 1, 1867. Mr.\\nBell crossed the plains three times, tak-\\ning with him each time a drove of horses.\\nMrs. Bell was born Aug. 22, 1848;\\nhave four children Lloyd, Myrtle,\\nCelia and Cessie, and one dead, Elmer.\\nMr. B. owns 152 acres of land, valued\\nat $3,500. Democrat.\\nBell, N., farmer. Sec. 4.\\nBickford, S. M., farmer, Sec. 32.\\nBizer, 0. P., farmer and Tp. Assessor, S. 9.\\nBoyce, J., farmer. Sec. 33.\\nBRADI.EY, FRAXCIS, Super\\nintendent of County Poor Farm, Sec. 33\\nCenter Tp. contains 149 acres born\\nOct. 26, 1817, in Ireland; in 1836,\\ncame to Butler Co., Penn. in 1837, to\\nIndiana; iu 1840, to Ohio, and kept a\\ndairy in the vicinity of Cincinnati for\\nabout fifteen years in 1865, came to\\nJefferson Co., Iowa; the following year\\nremoved to Wapello Co. Owns ninety\\nacres of land in Richmond Tp. fifteen\\nacres in Centre Tp., also five acres in\\nHammond s Addition to Ottumwa. Mar-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0601.jp2"}, "602": {"fulltext": "604\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nried Julia Downey Oct. 13, 1856 she\\nwas born Feb. 14, 1830, in Ireland.\\nCatholic Democrat.\\nBrown, J. B., farmer^ Sec. 4.\\nBruce, J. E., farmer. Sec. 29.\\nBrumfield, P., farmer, Sec. 20.\\nBLDEL, FREDERICK, far,\\nSec. 33; born in Germany; came to\\nthis country in 1854 has since been\\nengaged in farming; owns 110 acres,\\nvalued at ^4,000. Has four children\\nRosa, aged 43, John, 31, Mary, 28,\\nand Labolt, 26. All members of the\\nCatholic Church Greenbacker.\\nBuchman, William.\\nBurns, Anthony, farmer. Sec. 3.\\nBurns, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 5.\\n/~^AIN, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 28.\\nCaldwell, Paris, farmer, Sec. 14.\\nCarr, John, farmer, Sec. 16.\\nCarr, Michael, farmer. Sec. 22.\\nCarter, William S., farmer. Sec. 7.\\nCosper, Samuel, farmer, Sec. 22.\\nChapman, Daniel, farmer. Sec. 27.\\nCoan, James, farmer, Sec. 29.\\nCoday, E. F., farmer. Sec. 13.\\nCole, W. E., farmer. Sec. 10.\\nColeman, Alex., farmer, Sec. 20.\\nCoughlin, M., farmer, Sec. 15.\\nCoyan, Addison, engineer C, B. Q. R. R.\\nCoyne, John, farmer. Sec. 19,\\nCoyne, Michael, farmer, Sec. 17.\\nCrawley, James M., farmer, Sec. 6.\\nCrystal, John, farmer. Sec. 20.\\nCummings, John F., ice and coal dealer,\\nRichmond.\\nCurrey, Con., farmer, Sec. 27.\\nCurts, James, farmer. Sec. 21.\\nI ANA, P. F., gardener.\\nD\\nDavis, A., farmer. Sec. 6.\\nDavis, J. N., farmer, See. 6.\\nDERKN, GERARD, farmer, Sec.\\n27 born Jan. 17, 1825, in Holland.\\nMarried Petro Nels in April, 1850.\\nCame to Wapello Co. in 1850; has\\nbeen engaged in farming and bee-raising\\nsince. Has six children Johannah\\n(married Nick Yager), Ellen, Rosa,\\nTheodore, Anna and Johnnie Mrs.\\nDerks was born in Holland in Septem-\\nber, 1829. Mr. Derks owns 270 acres,\\nvalued at $35 per acre. Democrat\\nare members of the Catholic Church.\\nDixon, Isaac, farmer. Sec. 11.\\nDoherty, T. W., wagon-maker, P. 0. Pick-\\nwick.\\nDolan, Pat, farmer. Sec. 16.\\nDuffey, A. farmer. Sec. 20.\\nDurfee, B. B., travehng salesman, Sec. 14.\\nFARMER, WILLIAM H., farmer,\\nSec. 9.\\nFarrington, Barry, fruit-grower. Sec. 20.\\nFehan, B., Jr., farmer. Sec. 19.\\nFIKLEY, JOHN, farmer; Rich-\\nmond; born in Muskingum Co., Ohio,\\nJan. 2, 1813; came to Wapello Co. in\\n1857 engaged in general merchandise\\nuntil 1861 has since been farming; owns\\nsixty acres of land, valued at $2,000.\\nMarried Hannah Crooks, Jan. 18, 1841\\nshe was born Nov. 19, 1815, in Mary-\\nland has seven children James H.,\\nRobert, Kate, Samuel L.,Emma, Lloyd\\nand Clara. Mr. Finley was the first\\nPostmaster in Richmond, holding the\\nofiice for seventeen years. Mrs. Finley\\nis a member of the M. E. Church.\\nFleer, John, farmer. Sec. 21.\\nFuller, Wm., farmer, Sec. 20.\\nr^ EPHART, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 1.\\nGarvin, Patrick, farmer, Sec. 20.\\nGenochio, M., farmer, Sec. 29.\\nGliEXTZER, HENRY, farmer,\\nSec. 19 born in Germany in 1841\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1874 en-\\ngaged in farming since. Married Bridget\\nCarroll May 20, 1865; she was born\\nin Mayo Co., Ireland have five\\nchildren \u00e2\u0080\u0094William, Maggie, George,\\nJohn and Charles F. Owns 100 acres\\nof land, valued at $1,500.\\nGlenn, Patrick, farmer. Sec. 19.\\nGoodwin, R. L., farmer. Sec. 3.\\nGraves, A. L., farmer, Sec. 14,\\nGreeley, John, farmer, Sec. 20.\\nGUYSELMAN, JOHN, far.. Sec.\\n15 born in Bedford Co., Penn., March\\n22, 1816 moved to Richland Co., Ohio;\\nthence to Warsaw, Ind. where he worked\\nas wheelwright in 1850, movod to\\nPutnam Co., 111., and engaged in hotel-\\nkeeping, livery and general merchandis-\\ning; in 1859, moved to Buchanan Co..\\nMo. was contractor on the Platte\\nValley R. R. came to Wapello Co. in\\n1861 worked at his trade until 1874,\\nwhen he purchased his present farm.\\nMarried Sarah Armstrong in 1837 she\\nwas born in Licking Co., Ohio has", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0602.jp2"}, "603": {"fulltext": "CENTER TOWNSHIP.\\n605\\nsix children William A., Elizabeth C,\\nEunice E., George R., Mary J. and\\nAnna. Owns eighty-eight acres, valued\\nat $5,000. Was Councilman in Ot-\\ntumwa one year Township Trustee, one\\nyear; Road Supervisor, four years.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church\\nDemocrat.\\nHAMNER, E. F., farmer. Sees. 26\\nand 23.\\nHarlan, George W., farmer, Sees. 6 and 7.\\nHarris, A. R., farmer. Sec. 5.\\nHarris, Joseph, farmer, Sec. 4.\\nHarris, R. S., farmer, Sees. 1 and 2.\\nHATCH, GEORGE, farmer, Sec.\\n27; born March 18, 1820, in the Old\\nCountry; came to America in 1832;\\nlived in Hamilton Co., Ohio; until 1844\\nmoved to Jefferson Co., Iowa engaged\\nin farming for ten years came to Wa-\\npello Co. in 1854 since been farming.\\nMarried Mary Bitterton Jan. 6, 1848\\nshe was born Aug. 17, 1828, in Som-\\nerset, Penn. has had ^eleven children\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094William, Sarah F. (both died in 1851),\\nGeorge W., Elizabeth, John W., James\\nH., Orinda I., Mary F. and Martha A.\\n(twins), Nancy J., Charles E. Rents\\n160 acres has been on the farm he now\\nrents, for the past ten years. Was Road\\nSupervisor two years. Are members of\\nthe M. E. Church Republican.\\nHerman, B. D., florist; Sec. 28.\\nHerman, F., farmer. Sec. 28.\\nHill, N. C, farmer, Sec. 18.\\nHines, Eli, farmer, Richmond.\\nHobbs, L. S., farmer, Sec. 22.\\nHoUey, A. T., farmer. Sec. 36.\\nHoyt, S. v., farmer, Sees. 20 and 29.\\nHuffman, P. H., farmer. Sec. 4.\\nHunter, S. C, foreman public works.\\nJEFFRIES, BENJAMIN W., farmer,\\nSec. 26.\\nJohnson, John, farmer. Sec. 33.\\nJohnson, N. 0., farmer. Sec. 31.\\nJones, William E., farmer. Sec. 29.\\nKEEFE, TIMOTHY, proprietor of\\nstone-quarry.\\nKenady, Patrick, farmer. Sec. 18.\\nKing, Henry, farmer. Sec. 32.\\nKinsley, Lawrence, farmer, Sec. 16.\\nKite, John, farmer, Sec. 7.\\nKnox, Wm., far.. Sec. 28.\\nT ANGFORD, JOS. E., far.. Sec. 14.\\nLarkins, Pat, far., Sec. 16.\\nliEINHAUSER, W. J., Sec. 28\\nborn in France May 6, 1821 came to\\nthe United States in 1848, settling in\\nRoss Co., Ohio came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1863 is engaged in farming and\\nraising stock. Married Miss Caroline\\nKrahling in 1846 she was born in\\nPrussia in 1823 have eight children\\nJoseph W., Mary, Anthony, Alonzo,\\nOttilia, Peter, Agnes, Harriet, and two\\ndeceased. Members of the Catholic\\nChurch. Owns 132 acres of land, val-\\nued at $35 per acre. Has served as juror\\nand Supervisor. Democrat.\\n1.EOXARD, MADISON, far., Sec.\\n22 born in Missouri in 1841 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1844. Married Mary\\nStandifer in 1868 she was born in\\nDavis Co., Iowa; have three children\\nGeorge W., aged 11 John W., 7, and\\nLaura, 4. Owns 26f acres, valued at\\n$750. Was Road Supervisor three\\nyears, School Director two years is\\nPresident of School Board. Democrat.\\nLewis, Wm., Sr., Sec. 6.\\nLinkenback, G. W., far.. Sec. 3.\\nLOGAX, ISAAC, farmer. Sec. 34\\nborn in Chester Co., Penn., Nov. 2,\\n1817 moved to Ohio in 1824; came to\\nIowa in 1856. Married Elizabeth\\nBoughman Nov. 6, 1847 have ten\\nchildren, all living John J., Jacob,\\nElzina J., Ann, David H., Mary, Lucin\\nda. Christian, William and Abraham L.\\nHas held the office of School Director,\\nSecretary of the Board and Township\\nTrustee. Mrs. L. was born in Mus-\\nkingum Co., N. Y., in 1820. Owns 120\\nacres in Sec. 34, Center Tp.; 10 acres in\\nGreen Tp., Sec. 25 10 acres in Green Tp.,\\nSec. 16;40acresinGreenTp.,Sec. 9; 160\\nacres in Lucas Co., Iowa. Mr. Logan\\nwas first a Whig, then Republican.\\nMembers of the M. E. Church.\\ncCOY, J. R., farmer, Sec. 32.\\nM\\nMcCIiOSKEY, BEIVJAMIX,\\nfarmer residence, Ottumwa born Nov.\\n1, 1821, in Somerset Co., Penn.; in\\n1845, came to Ohio in 1846, removed\\nto Wapello Co.; owns 136 acres of land\\nin Center Tp., also a saw-mill and other\\nproperty in Eldon, Washington Tp.\\nMarried Rebecca King in 1843 she\\nwas born April 12, 1823, in Somerset\\nCo., Penn.; have ten children Maria^", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0603.jp2"}, "604": {"fulltext": "606\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nJohn K., Enos C, T. J., Benjamin L.,\\nRebecca A., Archibald, Barbara E.,\\nMary E. and Jacob Fletcher. Members\\nM. E. Church Democrat.\\nMcGAHEN, WIXFIEL, farmer,\\nSec. 28 superintends the family\\nestate, consisting of 120 acres and a\\ncoal-mine. His mother, Mrs. Mary\\nMcGahen was born Sept. 8, 1820, iia\\nPennsylvania came to Wapello Co. in\\n1850. Married Wm. McGahen he\\nwas born in Pennsylvania died Sept. 16,\\n1876. Has three children Jerome,\\nSalome (died May 27, 1867), Winfiel.\\nMr. McGahen employs from eight to ten\\nhands.\\nJMcHugh, Pat, farmer, Sec. 17.\\nMcNeal, Dennie, Sees. 20 and 5.\\nMann, M., farmer, Sec. 21.\\nMarriman, Pat, farmer. Sec. 27.\\nMarriman, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 27.\\nMartin, T. P., farmer. Sees. 2 and 13.\\nMannice, J. W., Sec. 31.\\nMeir, Jacob, farmer, Sec. 11.\\nMeir, Michael, farmer, Sees. 2 and 11.\\nMELCHKR, A. W., proprietor of\\npottery, Richmond born Dec. 2,1842,\\nin Baden, Germany emigrated to Des\\nMoines Co. in 1866 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1870 engaged in the pottery\\nbusiness with Robert Melcher until\\n1878; since then, has continued the\\nbusiness alone Mr. Melcher employs\\neight hands, who are kept busy all the\\ntime makes a specialty of tiling and\\nfire-brick. Married Caroline Dummeler\\nNov. 15, 1872 she was born in Galena,\\n111., in 1852 have three children\\nHenry, age 4 years Lizzie, age 2\\nyears Dudulf, age 3 months. Mem-\\nbers of the Catholic Church.\\nMelcher, R., pottery, Richmond.\\nMillard, J. B., Richmond.\\nMills, W. C, Episcopal clergyman, Sec. 20.\\nMoffit, 0., cardener. Sec. 12.\\nMonroe, G.^W., Sec. 31.\\nMOTT, LAWRENCE, far., Sec.\\n30 born in Germany, Aug. 8, 1834\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1854. Married\\nMrs. Mary Howery June 17, 1857\\nshe was born in Virginia has four chil-\\ndren Julietta, Henry, Fanny, Fred\\nowns eighty acres, valued at $1,600.\\nGreenback-Democrat.\\nMUNLEY, WM., farmer. Sec. 20\\nsuperintends his mother s farm of 110\\nacres, valued at $15 per acre she was\\nborn in Mayo Co., Ireland, in 18S4.\\nMarried Michael Munley, who died Jan.\\n1, 1874; seven children William, aged\\n25; Anna, 23; Sarah, 21 Mary, 19;\\nAnthony, 17; Mart, 15; Michael, 12\\nThomas, died in 1857. Members of the\\nCatholic Church.\\nnS^ORTON, J. W., Sec. 26.\\nXE WMAN, H., MRS., widow. Sec.\\n22; bornAug.ll, 1823, in Ohio. Mar-\\nried David Newman Feb. 8, 1844 he\\nwas born in Ohio Dec. 14, 1820 died\\nApril 17, 1872 has had ten children,\\nsix living Louisa, Susan, Jacob, Harvy\\nD., Charles H., Extine A.; Levi, Jasper,\\nElizabeth and Amanda died. The es-\\ntate consists of ninety acres, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch.\\nNosier, Christian, retired.\\nO BRIEN, THOMAS, farmer, Sees, 9\\nand 4.\\nO Connell, D., far., Sec. 16.\\nO Connor, M., Richmond.\\nO Harro, Pat, far.. Sec. 19.\\nO Malley, Geo., far., Sec. 29.\\nOsterdock, G., far.. Sec. 21.\\nOVERMAN, JOHN, Sec. 26 born\\nSept. 17, 1816, in Wayne Co., Ind.;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1845 operated\\nthe ferry between Ottumwa and Rich-\\nmond eight years, at the same time\\nfarming. Present wife was Lydia Pick-\\nen married in 1844 they have three\\nchildren John M., born March 10,\\n1845 Cyrus, April 2, 1851, and Cor-\\ndelia, Jan. 30, 1854 (died in 1856).\\nMr. Overman had two children by for-\\nmer marriage Susan, born May 23,\\n1841, and Lydia, Jan. 20, 1843 (died\\nDec. 20, 1876). Owns 200 acres of\\nland, valued at $10,000. Held the offi-\\nce of Road Supervisor six years, Con-\\nstable six months and then resigned;\\nVice President of School board two\\nyears. Members of the Christian\\nChurch; Democrat.\\nOverman, M. M., Richmond.\\nlARODIS, SAMUEL, Pickwick.\\nP\\nPainter, Robert, farmer, Sec. 33 and 34.\\nPeck, H. E., Sec. 31.\\nPeck, James M., Sr., Sec. 1, 10 and 13.\\nPeters, J. M., far., Sees. 3, 10 and 13.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0604.jp2"}, "605": {"fulltext": "CENTER TOWNSHIP.\\n607\\nPeters, Uria, Kichmood.\\nPhillips. Ira, farmer, Sec. 14.\\nPickerell, W. J., farmer, Sec 29.\\nPierson, M., farmer, Sec. 21.\\nPOIillfG, X. S., farmer, Sec. 16\\nborn May 26, 1838, in West Virginia;\\ncame to Iowa in 1866. Married Cath-\\narine Smith in 1868 she was born in\\nPennsylvania, 1838; have three children\\nFrank, Mary, Alvia and James. Has\\nbeen School Treasurer for the past two\\nyears. Enlisted in 1861 was First\\nLieutenant in 31st W. Va. Regiment;\\nengaged in forty battles. Owns eighty\\nacres of land in Taylor Co., Iowa, valued\\nat $18 per acre. Mr. Poling is a Demo-\\ncrat.\\nPowell, William J., Richmond.\\nProctor, George, quarryman, Ottumwa.\\nProsser, James M., Richmond.\\nPumroy, Grimes, farmer, Sec. 34.\\nPumroy, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 34.\\nT3KAM, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 11.\\nRAN DEL, EZRA L.., farmer,\\nSees. 1 and 6 owns 160 acres, worth $75\\nper acre born in Greensburg, Decatur\\nCo., Ind., May 23, 1836; removed\\nto Wapello Co., Iowa, in 1865. Was\\nCounty Supervisor in 1867. Married\\nRachel Draper Feb. 24, 1859 she was\\nborn 1842 they have five children\\nElenora, Luna E., Minnie, Mattie M.,\\nBenjamin D. Member of M. E. Church\\nRepublican.\\nReam, Jacob, farmer, Sec. 11.\\nRector, L. G., farmer. Sec. 5.\\nRiley, Michael, farmer, Section 31.\\nRiordan, Con., farmer. Sec. 16.\\nRing, Peter, farmer. Sec. 20.\\nRoberts, William, Richmond.\\nRobinson, A., M. E. clergyman.\\nRobinson, J., farmer. Sec. 28.\\nRobinson, William, farmer, Sec. 20.\\nRodgers, Isaac, farmer, Sec. 35.\\nRoemer, C. F. A., farmer. Sees. 29 and 20.\\nRoemer, G. A., farmer. Sec. 29.\\nRONEY, J. M., farmer. Sec. 16;\\nborn in Washington Co., Ky., Jan. 23,\\n1810; came to Wapello Co., Sept. 15,\\n1849 has been engaged in farming\\nsince. Married Lavina Raley in July,\\n1849 she was born in Washington Co.,\\nKy., in 1814; has one child Julia\\n(married Michael Coughlan); owns 40\\nacres, valued at $1,000. Was in the\\nMexican war. Justice of the Peace two\\nyears Road Supervisor five years, and\\nSchool Director four years. Republican.\\nROOS, m., retired farmer born in\\nWurtemberg, Germany, in 1809 came\\nto Wapello Co., September, 1851 en-\\ngaged in the butchering business until\\n1860, then engaged in fai ming in Green\\nTp. until 1870. Married Agnes Watch-\\nler in 1840 she was born in Germany.\\nOwns six town lots in Ottumwa, valued\\nat $8,000.\\nC^CHUCKRATH, P., farmer, Sec. 28.\\nSedgwick, Jno., farmer, Sec. 18.\\nSHANK, ELIZABETH, MRS\\nfor., Sec. 29 born in Ohio Dec. 21, 1829,\\ncame to Wapello Co. in the spring of\\n1855. Married David Shank June 1,\\n1851 (he died June 17, 1873). Mr.\\nShank was born in Pennsylvania. Was\\nJustice of the Peace two years and Road\\nSupervisor one year. Had six children\\nElizabeth A., David H. (died March 19,\\n1863), Ida L., Catherine (died Oct. 5,\\n1874), Lovina E. Elizabeth A. married\\nAdam Keilkoph, Nov. 8, 1877 they\\nhave one child Mary E. Lovina E.\\nmarried McDonald McAdcock Feb. 22,\\n1877 they have one child Harry W.\\nOwns 76 acres, valued at $2,000.\\nShank, Henry, far., Sec. 21.\\nShepherd, John R.,far., Sec. 18.\\nShepherd, William, far.. Sec. 2.\\nShreeve, J. R., Sec. 14.\\nSilvey, A. L., Richmond.\\nSimmons, John, Sec. 15.\\nSmith, J. J., far., Sec. 29.\\nSmith, W. F., far.. Sec. 19.\\nStacks, George W., far.. Sec. 15.\\nSTANDERFER, ISAIAH, far..\\nSec. 23 born in Tennessee, Feb. 2,\\n1815 came to Wapello Co. in 1865.\\nMarried Matilda Carter she was born\\nin Scott Co., Va. Owns forty acres,\\nvalued at $1,500. Has six children\\nWilliam, Mary, Catherine V., Caroline,\\nCharlie and Martha. Democrat.\\nSTARK, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 16\\nborn in Germany in 1817 came to\\nWapello Co. in 1862 lived in Ottumwa\\ntwelve years, and since on his present\\nfarm, consisting of forty acres, valued at\\n$1,800. Married Margaret C. Siglerin\\n1863 she was born in Bion, Germany,\\nin 1828; had five children Frank,\\n4", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0605.jp2"}, "606": {"fulltext": "608\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nFerdinand, John F., Albert (died July\\n3, 1872) and Lue. Catholic Church\\nDemocrat.\\nSteipfalter, Domenick, Sec. 15.\\nSullivan, John, far.. Sec. 17.\\nSumner, T., far., Sec. 20.\\nSurbough, Benny.\\nSweeney, Jerry, far., Sec. 21.\\nSweevey, Patrick, far.. Sec. 17.\\nSweeney, Timothy, far., Sec. 29.\\nmOMPSON, DAVID, far.. Sec. 34.\\nT\\nTHOMPSON, D. O., farmer. Sec.\\n27 born in Ripley Co., Ind., March 4,\\n1855. Married Emma Parker Nov. 20,\\n1878 she was born in Wapello Co.,\\nIowa. Came to Iowa in 1856. Demo-\\ncrat.\\nThompson, S. R., far.. Sec. 28.\\nTRAlIIi, DAXIEL., Sec. 29 born\\nin Center Co., Penn., Sept. 12, 1804;\\ncame to Ohio and learned the trade of\\ncliairmaker, and, in 1829, moved to\\nHarrison Co., Ohio, and worked at his\\ntrade; came to Van Buren Co., Iowa,\\nand, in the spring of 1843, to Wapello\\nCo.; first to Agency Tp., then to Center\\nTp., where he now lives. Married Miss\\nElizabeth Hider March 22, 1830; she\\ndied in 1834. Married again Miss\\nNancy Cunningham in 1835; she died\\nMarch 18, 1856 Mr. T. has by first\\nwife three children John, Thomas and\\nCharles (now dead), and by second wife\\nElizabeth and Richard, and ten de-\\nceased. Mr. T. is a member of F., A.\\nA. M.jNo. 31, Ottumwa Lodge. Owns\\n200 acres of land, valued at $100 per\\nacre. Republican.\\nTravis, John, farmer, Sees. 15. 16 and 22.\\nTROWBRIDGE, E. A., farmer.\\nSec. 26 born April 3, 1850, in Cin-\\ncinnati, Ohio owns twelve acres, valued\\nat $1,500; came to Iowa in 1871.\\nMarried Emma Young Aug. 24, 1870\\nshe was born March 11, 1850, in Butler\\nCo., Ohio has three children Verna,\\nEarle, Eddie. Mr. Trowbridge is a sound\\nDemocrat.\\nTullis, M. J., farmer. Sec. 14.\\nTTTAGNER, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 22.\\nWare, William, farmer. Sec. 21.\\nWarner, Sylvester, Sees. 14 and 15.\\nWhitcomb, Byron E., farmer. Sec. 20.\\nWhitcomb, F., farmer. Sec. 1.\\nWilkinson, D. H., farmer. Sec. 12.\\nWilliams, Clark, farmer. Sec. 22.\\nWilliams, David, farmer.\\nWilson, P. S., farmer. Sec. 10.\\nWilson, Thos. A., farmer, Sec. 10.\\nWilson, Wm., Sec. 10.\\nWINTER, PETER, Sec. 21 bora\\nin Prussia March 29, 1824; came to\\nCincinnati, Ohio, May 28, 1841 moved\\nto Indiana and followed farming re-\\nturned to Cincinnati and learned the\\ntrade of boiler-maker; worked at it\\nseven years came to Wapello Co. in\\n1856; is engaged in farming. Married\\nMiss Catherine Herrchaner May 3,\\n1847 she was born in Prussia April\\n14, 1824; have six children Peter,\\nNicholas, Mary, Catherine, Rosa, Eliza-\\nbeth, and three dead. Members of the\\nCatholic Church. Owns 333 acres of\\nland valued at $35 per acre. Demo-\\nWINTER, ^RflCHOIiAS, born in\\nCincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 20, 1855 came\\nto Wapello Co. with his parents. Mem-\\nber of the Catholic Church. Democrat.\\nWithered, George, Sees. 18 and 12.\\nWood, Q. A., Deputy Sherifi\\nWycoff, W. B., Sec. 7.\\nOUNG, ISRAEL, Sees. 20 and U.\\nT", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0606.jp2"}, "607": {"fulltext": "AGENCr TOWNSHIP.\\n609\\nAGENCY TOWNSHIP.\\nANRKOM, JESSE, carpenter, Agency\\nCity.\\nANDREW, M. E., carpenter,\\nAgency City; born July 22, 1814, in\\nBennington Co., Vt.; when about 10\\nyears of age, came with his parents to\\nCattaraugus Co., N. Y.; in 1832, to\\nPortage Co., Ohio; in 1839, to Michi-\\ngan in 1854, to Iowa Co.; in 1860,\\nremoved to Agency City; owns his\\nhouse, with about five acres in the city.\\nMarried Nancy Richards in November,\\n1837 she was born April 17, 1817, in\\nStark Co., Ohio have two children\\nLettie C, now Mrs. Butler, and Celia\\nA., now Mrs. Bryan. He enlisted in\\n1862, in Co. E, 22d I. V. I.; served to\\nthe end of the war.\\nAugustine, P., teamster. Agency City.\\nAvery, E., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nAyers, Wm., engineer. Agency City.\\nBAILEY, CHAPMAN, merchant.\\nAgency City.\\nBailey, H., far., Sec. 26 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nBailey, C. D., merchant. Agency City.\\nBaker, B. D. H., trader, Agency City.\\nBALIi, C. T., DR., physician and\\nsurgeon. Agency City; born Oct. 11,\\n1854, in Batavia, 111.; in 1856, went to\\nChicago with his parents attended the\\nhigh school at Charleston, 111.; gradu-\\nated in 1873; then commenced the\\nstudy of medicine with J. S. Jewell, M.\\nD., of the Chicago Medical College;\\nremoved to Evanston, and was Assistant\\nProfessor of Chemistry of the North-\\nwestern University during 1875-76;\\nAttended a course of lectures at the\\nChicago Medical College in 1876-77,\\nand graduated at the College of Physi-\\ncians and Surgeons in Keokuk, in 1878\\nthen removed to Agency City and com-\\nmenced the practice of his profession\\nhe makes chronic diseases a specialty is\\na professional chemist keeps in constant\\npractice in this branch of his profession.\\nMarried Zenzie E. Linder March 7,\\n1876 she was born April 25, 1857, in\\nCharleston, 111.; have one child Leila\\nR., aged about 1^ years.\\nBarnhart, H., far.; P. 0. Agency City.\\nBase, J., far., S. 23 P. 0. Agency City.\\nBasekin, D. W., teacher, Agency City.\\nDEDEL.L, JAMES E., far., P.\\n0. Agency City; born Feb. 6, 1825,\\nin Warren Co., Ohio when about 6\\nyears of age, came to Union Co., Ind.,\\nwith his parents in 1839, came to\\nFayette Co., Ind.; in 1846, removed to\\nWapello Co., Iowa. Owns 181 acres of\\nland also 12 acres inside the city\\nlimits. Married Susan Jones Aug. 13,\\n1846 she was born May 2, 1830, in\\nFayette Co., Ind. Republican. Mem-\\nber of the M. E. Church.\\nBEST, C J., editor Agency Inde-\\npendent, Agency City born Jan 4,\\n1857, in Portage City, Wis.; in 1867,\\ncame to Salem, Iowa, with his parents\\nthe same year removed to Agency City\\nhas been working at his business for the\\npast nine years took charge of this\\npaper Feb. 14, 1878; his father died\\nOct. 5, 1877, aged 70 years.\\nBOYCE, STEPHEN, far.. Sec.\\n22; P. 0. Agency City; born Oct. 17,\\n1802, in Virginia; in 1830, came to\\nIndiana; in 1843, came to Wapello\\nCo., and entered his present land owns\\n84 acres. Married Mary Hall in 1830\\nshe was born in 1810, in Virginia; died\\nin 1871 had four children, one living\\nFernandus. Second marriage to Mrs.\\nLucinda Wood, in 1872 she was born\\nin 1810, in Ohio. Member of the\\nChristian Union Church. Democrat.\\nBRADEEY,OCTAyiA,MRS.,\\ndaughter of James Daniels, and widow\\nof Thomas W. Bradley, Agency City;\\nshe owns 244 acres of land in Wapello\\nCo.; he was born Nov. 9, 1806, in\\nOhio; came to Wapello Co., in 1837,\\nand died Dec. 17, 1858; she was born\\nNov. 13, 1806, in England came to\\nIndiana in 1830; in 1843, came to\\nAgency City. They were married Oct.\\n23, 1845, in Agency City; had two\\nchildren, one living Addie E., now\\nMrs. Streblow.\\nBranard, A. C, far.; P. 0. Agency City.\\nBedell, D. E., Agency City.\\nBROWN, S. M., carpenter, Agency\\nCity; born Jan. 24, 1840, in Putnam\\nCo., Ind.; in 1842, came to Henry Co.,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0607.jp2"}, "608": {"fulltext": "610\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nIowa, with his parents in 1850, re-\\nmoved to Wapello Co. and first engaged\\nin farming commenced his present\\nbusiness in 1867. Is Township Clerk\\nand City Assessor also a member of the\\nSchool Board. Married Marella Derby\\nin 1869 she was born in 1847, in\\nOhio they have four children Frank\\nE., Harold, Emma and George A. Mrs.\\nB. is a member of the M. E. Church\\nRepublican.\\nBrunsey, Thos., far., S. 30 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nBryan, C. A., miller. Agency City.\\nBRYA^, J. C, firm of C. A. Bryan\\nSon, mills. Agency City born Nov.\\n20, 1852, in Lycoming Co., Penn. in\\n1865, came to Washington Co., Iowa\\nin 1867, to Keokuk; in 1872, to\\nAgency City formed a copartnership\\nwith his father Jan. 1, 187-1. Married\\nCelia A. Andrew March 18, 187-4 she\\nwas born Jan. 12, 1852, in Michigan\\nhave one child Gruy H., aged 2 years.\\nRepublican.\\nBurbage, J.,far.,S. 35 P.O. Agency City.\\nBurke, W. C, far.. Sec. 34 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nByerley, P., far., S. 3 P. 0. Agency City.\\nCAMPBELL, JAS., laborer. Agency\\nCity.\\nChamberUn, A. L., mer.. Agency City.\\nChambers, Ed. A., clerk, Agency City.\\nChambers, Wm., far., S. 31 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nCHILSON, EUGENE, station\\nagent C, B. Q. R. R., Agency City\\nborn May 25, 1846, in Enosburg, Vt.\\nin 1868, came to Glalesburg, 111. em-\\nployed by this road as operator in 1869,\\ncame to Villisca, Iowa was appointed\\nstation agent in 1873 moved to Agency\\nCity, and has held this position since\\nthen. Married Miss H. P. Staples in\\n1870; she was born in 1851 in Scran-\\nton, Penn.; have one child E. N., aged\\n3 years. M. E. Church Republican.\\nClawson, J., far., S. 2 P. 0. Agency City.\\nClements, Richard, carpenter, Agency City.\\nCLODFELTER, DAVID, far,\\nSec. 3 P. O. Agency City born June\\n1, 1813, in Davidson Co., N. C. in 1832,\\ncame to Indiana; in 1844, came to Wa-\\npello Co. owns 187 acres land, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Married Jerusha Jen-\\nnison in 1834 she was born in 1817 in\\nKentucky was thrown from a horse\\nand killed March, 1847; have one child\\nPurley second marriage to Nancy\\nBower in 1855 she was born in 1837\\nin Ohio died in 1856; have one child\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094William F. M. E. Church Demo-\\ncrat.\\nClodfelter, Purley, far.. Sec. 3; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nComstock, W., A., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nCOBfNELIiY, CHARLES, far.,\\nSec. 19 P. 0. Agency City born Nov.\\n22, 1848, in Wapello Co. came to his\\npresent farm in 1873 owns 70 acres\\nland. Married Emma Bedwell Dec. 26,\\n1873; she was born Feb. 14, 1851, in\\nWapello Co. Democrat.\\nConley, Norman B., farmer. Sec. 24 P.\\n0. A2;ency City.\\nCONNELIiY, W. W., farmer, Sec.\\n24 P. 0. Agency City; born Nov. 21,\\n1836, in Somerset Co., Penn. in 1845,\\ncame to Agency City and settled on the\\nold Agency Farm owns 140 acres land,\\nvalued at $50 per acre. Married Eliza-\\nbeth Ruckman in 1856 she was born\\nin 1838, in Indiana; have seven chil-\\ndren Susan J., Alice B., James C\\nMaria, Mary, Doctor Dick and Barney, j\\nDemocrat. M. E. Church.\\nCoverston, W. A.; wagon-maker, Agency\\nCity.\\nCRE^IER, L.. K., farmer. Sec. 19\\nP. 0. Agency City; born Nov. 10,\\n1851, in Wapello Co.; came to his\\npresent farm in 1876 owns 110 acres\\nland. Married L. E. Sutbine Oct. 2,\\n1873 she was born in 1852, in Wa-\\npello Co.; have three children I. 0.,\\nL. L. and Olive H. Republican.\\nCREMER, S. K., farmer, Sec. 24\\nP. 0. Agency City; born Aug. 31,\\n1818, in Somerset Co., Penn. in 1844,\\ncame to Wapello Co. and entered 160\\nacres, and now owns 710 acres in Wa-\\npello Co., also 15 acres inside the city\\nlimits, valued at $50 per acre. Mar-\\nried Huldah France March 22, 1843\\nshe was born April 5, 1823, in Alle-\\nghany Co., Md. died Aug. 8, 1878;\\nhave eight children Leonidas, Lycur-\\ngus, Brutus, Augustus, Cincinnatus,\\nKate La Belle, now Mrs. Rayl, xidella\\nand Dora F. Americus was thrown\\nfrom a horse and killed Sept. 9, 1877.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0608.jp2"}, "609": {"fulltext": "AGENCY TOWNSHIP.\\n611\\nRepresented this county in the Legisla-\\nture from 1854 to 185(i was Presi-\\ndent and Trustee of the County Agri-\\ncultural Society in 1873. Republican.\\nM. E. Church.\\nCROSS, mCHAEL, carpenter\\nAgency City; born in 1818, in Mus-\\nkingum Co., Ohio; in 1850, came to\\nMissouri; in 1861, to Wapello Co.,\\nIowa; owns 114 acres land in Agency\\nTp., also property in the city. Was\\nJustice of the Peace from 1872 to\\n1874, and now elected to serve from\\n1878 to 1880; was President of the\\nSchool Board from 1874 to 1877 has\\nbeen six terms Township Treasurer.\\nMarried Elizabeth Turner in 18.39 she\\nwas born June 9, 1818, in Fauquier\\nCo., Va. had nine children, four liv-\\ning Jno. T., now a practicing physi-\\ncian in Farmington, Van Buren Co., a\\ngraduate in 1865, from the Keokuk\\nMedical College; Etna V., now Mrs.\\nAmos, Michael W. and Jessie H. Jno.\\nT. enlisted in 1862, Co. A, 19th I. V.\\nI., served to the end of the war, part of\\nthe time on hospital duty at Keokuk.\\nRepublican members of the Baptist\\nChurch.\\nDAVIS, JOHN E., Sec. 23, Agency\\nCity.\\nDavis, J. H., far., S. 22 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nDavis, Sanford, far., S. 10 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nDAWSOX, J. A., general mer-\\nchandise. Agency City; on Main st.\\nresidence same born May 15, 1824 in\\nAlleghany Co., Md. in 1839, came to\\nOhio in 1850, went to California re-\\nturned to Ohio in 1851 same year\\ncame to Wapello Co., and has carried on\\nhis business at his present location for\\nthe past twenty-five years. In 1862, he\\nwas engaged in recruiting for the 43d\\nI. V. I. was transferred, in 1863, to\\nthe 8th I. V. C. as its Quartermaster\\nresigned in 1864. Has held all the\\ntown and school offices. Married Mrs.\\nMary C. Lewis in 1854 she was born\\nJune 19, 1824, in Erie Co., Penn.\\ndied March 11, 1878 have one child\\nFannie she had one daughter by a\\nformer marriage. Member of the M. E.\\nChurch Republican.\\nDillon, W. H., stone-cutter, Agency City.\\nDUDLEY, CHARLES, farmer;\\nresidence Agency City; born Sept. 16,\\n1813, in Charleston, Me.; in 1817,\\ncame, with his parents, to Ohio iu\\n1836, came to Illinois; in 1843, re-\\nmoved to Wapello Co. and settled on\\nSec. 30, Agency Tp. this he entered\\nnow owns 867 acres of land in\\nWapello Co. also property in the city\\none of the earliest settlers in this\\ncounty. Married Polly A. Dennison\\nDec. 17, 1846; she was born Dec. 11,\\n1827, in Scott Co., 111. had ten chil-\\ndren, five living Sarah Jane, Charles\\nS., Mary P., Kate E. and Frank W.\\nWas Commissioner of Wapello Co. from\\n1848 to 1851 he also represented this\\ncounty in the Legislature in the Elev-\\nenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth General\\nAssemblies, from 1866 to 1872 has\\nbeen Justice of the Peace. Republican\\nmembers of the Baptist Church.\\nDUDLEY, EDWARD, far., Sec.\\n25 P. 0. Agency City born Dec. 11,\\n1811,in Charleston, Me. in 1817, came\\nto Athens Co., Ohio in 1847, came to\\nWapello Co. owns 147 acres of land.\\nMarried Eliza M. Dudley June 10, 1841;\\nshe was born in 1819, in Scioto Co.,\\nOhio; had nine children, four living\\nMahala J., now Mrs. Dr. La Force;\\nCharles D., now a Baptist Minister in\\nNew Hampshire Orin and Benjamin\\nB. Mr. D. is a minister of the Free-\\nwill Baptist Church in Agency City\\nhas been preaching here for the past\\ntwenty years. Republican.\\nDuire, John, blacksmith. Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nENYART, H. W., laborer, Agency\\nCity.\\nEnyart, James, Sr., farmer, Agency City.\\nEnyart, James, Jr., laborer. Agency City.\\nEnyart, J. W., brickmason. Agency City.\\nFAIR, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 22 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nFARNSWORTH, D. S., proprie-\\ntor of Eagle Mills, Agency City born\\nJune 3, 1808, in Northumberland Co.,\\nPenn. in 1811, came with his parents\\nto Butler Co., Ohio in 1828, to Foun-\\ntain Co., Ind.; in 1839, tp Missouri;\\nin 1847, to Agency City, and bought\\na horse circular sawmill; in 1851,\\nerected a steam saw-m ill in 1 8 5 2 attached\\nbuhrs and bolts to the saw-mill, and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0609.jp2"}, "610": {"fulltext": "612\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nconnected with it a grist-mill in 1854,\\nbuilt a mill which included both a\\nsaw and grist mill; in 1858, built what\\nis known as the A.gency City Grrist-\\nMill; sold this mill in 1864 in 1871,\\nbuilt his present mill. Married Indiana\\nCain March 25, 1829; she was born\\nOct. 14, 1813, in Ohio; had seven\\nchildren, one living Emazeta, now\\nMrs. Foulke. M. E. Church; Demo-\\ncrat.\\nFisher, D., far.; P. 0. Agency City.\\nFitzgerald, Richard, laborer. Agency City.\\nFOREMAN, JOSEPH, bakery.\\nAgency City; born Feb. 20, 1804, in\\nFleming Co., Ky.; in 1812, came to\\nClark Co., Ohio, with his parents; in\\nin 1844, came to Van Buren Co.; in\\n1850, removed to Wapello Co.; first en\\ngaged in farming; owns 166 acres of\\nland, also property in the city has been\\nin his present business for twenty-four\\nyears. Married Nancy Dillon in 1828\\nshe was born in 1809, in Illinois; had\\nseven children, six living Thomas,\\nHannah, Richard, Elizabeth, Martha\\nand Sarah lost one Mary Jane, in\\ninfancy, in Ohio. Democrat.\\nFoulke, W. H., miller. Agency City.\\nFULIiEX, JOHIV, live-stock and\\ncommission, Agency City he was born\\nSept. 28, 1832, in New York City; in\\n1855, came to Jefferson Co., Iowa in\\n1858, removed to Agency City; from\\n1861 to 1873, was engaged in general\\nmerchandising; has been in his present\\nbusiness since coming here was agent\\nfor the C, B. Q. R. R. from 1861\\nto 1873; has been President of the\\nSchool Board, and Councilman. Mar-\\nried Miss Maggie Sage Aug. 26, 1858\\nshe was born Feb. 23, 1841, in Clark\\nCo., Ind.; had five children, four living\\nCharles D. (now attending the Chi-\\ncago University also attended the Iowa\\nWesleyan College at Mount Pleasant,\\nIowa), Lora E., Nellie B. and Bertha\\nB.; lost MaiTgie in infancy. Democrat.\\nGILTNER, A., former. Sec. 23 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nGiltner, Andrew, far., S. 19; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nGriltner, A., Sec. 19 P. 0. Agency City.\\nGriffin, D., far., S. 3 P. 0. Agency City.\\nGriggs, P. S. E., agent, Agency City.\\nGriggs, W. P. M., agent, Agency City.\\nGROUT, JOSEPH P., farmer,\\nstock dealer, and manufacturer of the\\nChallenge Churn, Agency City born\\nAug. 31, 1816, in Worcester Co., Mass.;\\nin 1838, came to Illinois; in 1853, i-e-.\\nmoved to Wapello Co. owns 112^ acres\\nof land in this county has been five\\nyears Township Treasurer, member of\\nthe Council eight years, and administra-\\ntor on several estates. Married Senia\\nAnn Thompson Dec. 24, 1846, in Ches-\\nterfield, 111.; she was born Dec. 19, 1821,\\nin Sangamon Co., 111. He is now man-\\nufacturing the Challenge Churn, and has\\nthe right of Wapello, Davis, Appanoose,\\nand Wayne Cos., for $1,000 butter can\\nbe made in from two to twelve minutes\\nwith this churn; it will make one-fourth\\nmore butter from the same amount of\\ncream than any other churn ever in-\\nvented.\\nHANLY, PATRICK. Sec. 9 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nHARDEX, MARY A., MRS.,\\ndaughter of Chas. F. Harrow; born Feb.\\n27, 1824, in Montgomery Co., Ky. in\\n1833, came with her parents to Indiana\\nin November, 1843, to Wapello Co.\\nMarried James Stephens Dec. 19, 1844\\nhe was born in 1822, in Kentucky, and\\ndied in 1868; have four children\\nNancy (now Mrs. Hixon), Ella (now\\nMrs. Johnson), Amos and George\\nher second marriage was to John\\nHarden; he was born July 14, 1820, in\\nPennsylvania came to Wapello Co. in\\nthe spring of 1855 she owns 100 acres\\nof land in Wapello Co., also 2 acres,\\nwith the hotel, in the city she is one\\nof the earliest settlers of this county.\\nHartsock, Chris., laborer. Agency City.\\nHaynes, B., far.. Sec. 11; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nHEADIiEY, A:RfDREW J.,\\nhorticulturist. Sec. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa\\nborn Dec. 21, 1831, in Monroe Co.,\\nOhio; in 1851, came to Wapello Co.\\nowns twenty acres of land, valued at\\nS2,000, devoted to fruit-raising his\\nfather was born Feb. 11, 1806. in Bel-\\nmont Co., Ohio, and lives here his\\nmother died in 1855, aged 48 years.\\nHe enlisted in 1862, in Co. E, 17th I.\\nV. I. was discharged on account of a\\nwound received at the battle of luka,\\nSept. 19, 1862, for which he receives a", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0610.jp2"}, "611": {"fulltext": "AGENCY TOWNSHIP.\\n613\\npension. Republican member of the\\nU. B. Church.\\nHeadley, J,, far., S. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHefflin, Reuben, engineer. Agency City.\\nHeller, C, far., S. 22 P. 0. Agency City.\\nHeller, Henry, S. 27 P. 0. Agency City.\\nHicks, J. J., blacksmith. Agency City.\\nHill, William, teamster, Agency City.\\nHilton, William, doctor. Agency City.\\nHixson, R. C, blacksmith, Agency City.\\nHobbs, J. G., far.. Sec. 2 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nHook, James, far. P. 0. Agency City.\\n.HORTO:^, W. D., manufacturer of\\nboots and shoes. Agency City born\\nJune 7, 1828, in Davidson Co Tenn.\\nin 1836, came to Columbus, Ind., with\\nhis parents; in 1852, to Davis Co.,\\nIowa; in 1854, went to Harrison Co.,\\nMo. in 1870, came to Ottumwa the\\nfollowing year, removed to Agency City\\nand engaged in his present business.\\nHas been elected two terms Mayor.\\nMarried Miss T. N. Jones in 1849, in\\nColumbus, Ind. she was born in Sep-\\ntember, 1829, in Kentucky; died in\\n1869 have seven children Joseph H.,\\nJohn N., Mary E., W. D., L. G., S. A.\\nand Emeline second marriage to Mar-\\ntha L. Parrott September, 1871 she was\\nborn in 1829, in Ohio. Democrat.\\nHugh, Richard, Est., Sees. 1 and 2 P. O.\\nAgency City.\\nHumbert, H. C, carpenter.\\nJENNINGS, JOSEPH, miller, Agency\\nCity.\\nJOHNSOX, ElilJAH, far, Sec\\n25 P. 0. Agency City born March\\n20, 1838, in Morgan Co., Ind.; in 1848,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; owns 435 acres of\\nland, valued at $40 per acre. Married\\nPriscilla Johnson in February, 1863\\nshe was born Aug. 10, 1843, in Mont-\\ngomery Co., Ohio; have five children\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Charles E. H., W. N. E., Elizabeth\\nD., Anna Z. and D. M. Republi-\\ncan.\\nJohnson, Elisha G., far., Sec. 34 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nJohnson, J., far.. Sec. 22 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nJohnson, W., far., Sec. 25 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nJones, L. E., far.. Sec. 31 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nJoselyn, J., painter, Agency City.\\nTT^RUMKEY, F., laborer. Agency City.\\nKENNEDY, MARY, MRS.,\\ndaughter of George Bedwell, widow of\\nJames M. Kennedy, Sec. 19; P. 0.\\nAgency City he was born Sept. 19,\\n1816, in Washington Co., Tenn.; died\\nMarch 5, 1860. She was born Oct. 6,\\n1820, in Hamilton Co., Ohio. Married\\nMay 25, 1842. The following year,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; she owns 238\\nacres of land has six children Rachel\\nE., Francis J., Sarah C, Thomas W.,\\nDavid A. and James M. Members M.\\nE. Church.\\nKIBL.ER, J., far., Sec. 3 P. 0.\\nAgency City born March 24, 1847, in\\nHancock Co., Ohio; in 1858, came to\\nOttumwa engaged in butchering till\\n1875, when he went to Indiana in 1876,\\nreturned to Ottumwa; same year, re-\\nmoved to his present farm owns twenty\\nacres, valued at $600. Married Vir-\\nginia Brainard in September, 1868; she\\nwas born in 1846 in Ohio; have three\\nchildren Drewey, Albert and Bertha\\nare twins. Democrat.\\nLANNING, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 27\\nP. 0. Agency City.\\nLa FORCE, i A., M. D., dealer\\nin drugs and medicines. Agency City\\nborn May 17, 1837, in Jefferson Co.,\\nInd.; in 1841, came to Van Buren Co.;\\nin 1853, came to Wapello Co.; in 1857,\\ncommenced the study of medicine, and\\ngraduated at the College of Physicians\\nand Surgeons at Keokuk in 1862.\\nHad a commission in the 56th colored\\ninfantry as Regimental Surgeon, and had\\ncharge of the U. S. general hospital at\\nHelena, Ark.; mustered out Sept. 15,\\n1866, at St. Louis. Married Mahala J.\\nDudley in October, 1866 she was born\\nMay 17, 1845, in Athens Co., Ohio\\nhave three children William Brooks,\\nBerdett Dudley and Francis Edward.\\nRepublican M. E. Church.\\nLanning, J., far.. Sec. 30 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nLinder, J., retired, Agency City.\\nLinehiser, J., far., S. 10 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nLinn, J., far., S. 31 P. 0. Agency City.\\nLockwood, Chas. A., far., S. 24 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nLovelace, E. N., S. 2 P. 0. Agency City.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0611.jp2"}, "612": {"fulltext": "614\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nLyon, A. E., barber, Agency City.\\nMcCOY, ASHFORD, Sec. 24; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nMcLeod, J. R., far.. Sec. 4 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMcMillin, Frank, far., Sec. 10; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nMace. David, far.; P. O. Agency City.\\nMace, Henry L.,lab.; P. 0. Agency City.\\nMace, Wm. A., far., S. 31 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMiller, J., S. 10 P. 0. Agency City.\\nMiller, John, far.. Sec. 25 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMiller, W. M., fars.. Sec. 10 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nMyers, Adam, retired. Agency City.\\nMyers, Cris., shoemaker. Agency City.\\nMYERS, ELI, livery, Agency City\\nborn Feb. 6, 1826, in Preble Co.,\\nOhio; in 1832, came to Indiana with\\nhis parents; in 1843, came to Van\\nBuren Co., then to Wapello Co.; en-\\ngaged in farming; in 1852, went to\\nCalifornia; in 1869, removed to Nevada\\nin 1875, returned to Agency City.\\nMarried Paulina Griggsby in 1845;\\nshe was born in 1829 in Indiana died\\nin 1861 in California have five chil-\\ndren Frances A. (now Mrs. Stinson),\\nMary E. (now Mrs. Whimple), Joseph\\nD., James E. and Charles W. His\\nfather was born in 1803, in Tennessee;\\ndied in August, 1878; his mother was\\nborn March 1, 1805, in Tennessee, and\\nlives here with her son. Democrat.\\nMyers, J. R., stock dealer, Agency City.\\nMyers, Morris, plasterer, Agency City.\\nMyers, Robinson, harness, Agency City.\\nnSTTEWBOLD, S., far.. Sec. 27 P. O.\\njLN Agency City.\\nNewell, S., far., S. 31 P. 0. Agency City.\\nXYE, CtJ. li., farmer. Sec. 31 P. 0.\\nAgency City born Sept. 28, 1845, in\\nWapello Co. in 1870, came to his pres-\\nent farm owns ninety-six acres land,\\nvalued at $40 per acre. Married Miss\\nSarah J. Dudley July 9, 1868 she was\\nborn in 1847 in Wapello Co. have four\\nchildren Charles M., Minnie L., Au-\\nrelia M. and Fannie. Is Township\\nTrustee, School Directoi President of\\nthe School Board. Enlisted in 1863 in\\nCo. B, 7th Iowa V. C. served three\\nyears and three months was honorably\\ndischarged. Republican.\\nO CONER, JERRY, far., Sec. 4 P.\\n0. Agency City.\\nPIERCE, RUFUS M., for.. Sec. 11\\nP. 0. Agency City.\\nPilcher, J. B., clerk, Agency City.\\nPlummer, Thomas, far., Sec. 1 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nPumphery. A. S., laborer; Agency City.\\nRAYLE, Samuel, far.. Sec. 24 P. O.\\nAgency City.\\nREEVES, SUSA^, MRS.,\\ndaughter of William Murphy, widow\\nof William Reeves; Sec. 22; P. 0.\\nAgency City he was born 1787 in New\\nYork died March 22, 1876 she was\\nborn May 17, 1804, in Morgan Co., Va.\\nwas married in 1827; in 1850, came to\\nher present farm she owns 100 acres\\nof land. Had ten children, eight living\\nJames, Mary Ann, Lydia, Lucretia,\\nWilliam, Susanna, Caroline and Miner-\\nva. William and James enlisted in\\n1862 in the 22d Iowa V. I. served to\\nthe end of the war. She has followed\\nthe practice of midwifery for thirty\\nyears. M. E. Church.\\nReynolds, A. J., druggist. Agency City.\\nReynolds, J. T., farmer, Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nReynolds, W. C, far., Sec. 23; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nReynolds, Wm. H., far.. Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nAgencv City.\\nRiflSe, W. R., far., Sec. 34 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nRoberts, Arch., wagon-maker, Agency City.\\nRobinson, J., far., Sec. 22; P.O. Agency\\nCity.\\nRobison, J., far.. Sec. 3 P. 0. Agency City.\\nRyan, Samuel, blacksmith, Agency City.\\nSAGE, E. T., commissioner. Agency\\nCity.\\nSAt,}E, E. H., M. p.. Agency City;\\nborn April 3, 1838, in Jackson Co.,\\nInd. in 1852, came with his parents\\nto Fairfield, Iowa in 1861, to Agency\\nCity. Commenced the study of medi-\\ncine at the age of 24, and commenced\\npracticing in 1868 graduated in 1875,\\nat the American Medical College, at St.\\nLouis returned to the city and re-\\nsumed his practice delivered the vale-\\ndictory address on the part of the gradu-\\nating class. Married Mary C. Hilton,\\ndaughter of Dr. Wm. Hilton, July,\\n1866; she was born in 1847, in Ohio.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0612.jp2"}, "613": {"fulltext": "AGENCY TOWNSHIP.\\n615\\nShe is a member of M. E. Church.\\nDemocrat.\\nSa\\\\atbine, David, far. P. 0. Agency City.\\nSexton, Patrick, laborer, Agency City.\\nShadford, Chas. D., wagon-maker, Agency\\nCity.\\nShadford, Wm., furniture, Agency City.\\nShearer, Geo., hotel. Agency City.\\nShearer, H. F., carpenter. Agency City.\\nShearer, T. V., teamster, Agency City.\\nShodford, C. D., far., S. 36 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nShumacker, W., far., S. 35 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nSimmons, W. H., farmer. Sec. 34; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nSMITH, C. X., firm of Wheaton\\nSmith, general merchandise residence\\ncorner Vine street and Washington ave-\\nnue, Agency City born Sept. 10, 1840,\\nin Hancock Co., 111.; in 1842, came with\\nhis parents to Des Moines Co.; in 1845,\\nto Wapello Co.; in 1858, commenced\\npresent business. Married Miss F. M.\\nWheaton in 1862 she was born in\\n1841, in New York have two children\\nP. E. and C. A. His daughter is a\\nmember of the M.E. Church, Repub-\\nlican.\\nSMITH, J. S., with Wheaton\\nSmith, general merchandise. Agency\\nCity born March 27, 1849, in Wapello\\nCo., and has always been a resident of\\nthe State; in 1866, removed to Wood-\\nbury Co.; engaged in the pottery busi-\\nness continued this till 1876, when he\\ncame to Agency City, and associated\\nhimself with his present firm.\\nSmith, L., far., Sec. 27 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nSmith, M. H., far., S. 34 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nSmith, M., boarding house. Agency City.\\nSMITH, SARAH, MRS., daugh-\\nter of Andrew Daubenheyer, widow of\\nChas. H. Smith, Sec. 30; P. 0. Agency\\nCity he was born Nov. 19, 1809, in\\nBucks X:!o., Penn.; died Oct. 31, 1861\\nshe was born Oct. 29, 1813, in Butler\\nCo., Ohio. Married Nov. 20, 1833, in\\nOhio; in 1836, came to Illinois; in 1841,\\nto Des Moines Co. in 1844, removed to\\nher present farm she owns 120 acres\\nof land have eight children Elizabeth\\n(now Mrs. Yeomans), Nancy (now Mrs.\\nWheaton, Cyrus, Hugh, James, Charles,\\nFrances R. (now Mrs. Walker), Mary\\nA. (nowMrs. Larawood). M.E. Church.\\nSmootz, A. R., blacksmith. Agency City.\\nSpringer, John, restaurant, Agency City.\\nStreet, David, far., S. 3 P. 0. Agency City.\\nSwope, Jno., far., S. 22 P. 0. Agency City.\\nGIBBETS, E., minister. Agency City.\\nT\\nTraul, Levi, far., 27, P. 0. Agency City.\\nTurner, F. G., laborer. Agency City.\\nYANZA^RfT, H. C, far.. Sec. 36,\\nP. 0. Agency City born May 18,\\n1816, in Rutherford Co., N. C. when\\nan infant came to Kentucky with his\\nparents in 1 824, came to Tennessee in\\n1848, removed to Wapello Co. in 1850,\\ncame to his present farm which he\\nrents consisting of 210 acres. Was\\nTreasurer of the School Board from 1863\\nto 1872 was two years Township Treas-\\nurer. Married Nancy McKeown Feb-\\nruary, 1848 she was born, September,\\n1816, in Rutherford Co., N. C. had\\nthree children, one living James A.,\\nlost Mary M. in infancy, Martha E.,\\ndied June, 1870, aged 19 years. Dem-\\nocrat.\\nVIRDEN, J. L., butcher. Agency\\nCity born Oct. 8, 1834, in Muskingum\\nCo., Ohio; in 1854, came to Mount\\nPleasant, Iowa; in 1859, to Agency\\nCity engaged in the grocery trade in\\n1861, sold out and went to California;\\nreturned in 1864, and continued the\\ngrocery business till 1868, when he com-\\nmenced his present business, which he\\nfollowed in Zanesville, Ohio, before com-\\ning to Iowa. Married Mary L., daugh-\\nter of Jacob Sprague, who came to\\nWapello Co. in 1844 they were married\\nin 1860 she was born near Columbus,\\nOhio, in 1844 they have three children\\nMinnie, Jessie and Chatman. Demo-\\ncrat.\\nWAGERS, H. B., Postmaster, Agency\\nCity.\\nWalbridge, C. P., far. P. 0. Agency City.\\nWalker, F. R., brickmason. Agency City.\\nWalker, T. C, teamster. Agency City.\\nWalker, W. J., brickmason. Agency City.\\nWarden, S. J., far., S. 34; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWatson, B. F., painter, Agency City.\\nWeir, A. R., Dr., Agency City.\\nWHEATON, ,}EORGE B., ^yith\\nWheaton Smith, general merchandise", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0613.jp2"}, "614": {"fulltext": "616\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nresidence cor. Main and Vine sts. born\\nJuly 24, 1852, in New York; in 1858,\\ncame with his father to Wapello Co.\\nfirst employed in his father s store as\\nclerk remained three years, then en-\\ngaged in farming in 1872, returned,_and\\nhas been engaged in the store since.\\nMarried Sallie V. Scott April 10, 1877\\nshe was born April 10, 1851, in Ohio\\nhave one child Vera, born Jan. 19, 1878\\nWHEATON, JOHN S., Agency\\nCity, firm of Wheaton Smith, general\\nmerchandise, Main st., residence head\\nof Wapello St. born May 10, 1815, in\\nVermont; in 1833. came to New York;\\nin 1838, came to Michigan the follow-\\ning year, returned to Lansingburg, N.\\nY. engaged in dry goods trade till\\n1856, when he came to Keokuk, Iowa\\nthen to Agency City and commenced\\npresent business. Married Nancy S.\\nSmith in 1858; she was born in Ohio\\nin 1836 have four children Kate E.,\\nCora E., John D. and Cyrus F. two\\nchildren by a former marriage. M. E.\\nChurch; Republican.\\nWiley, Geo., far., Sec. 10 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWillet, Charles, far., Sec. 3 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWilliamson, James, Sec. 22 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWing, Allen, far., Sec. 1 P. 0. Agency\\nCiV-\\nWing, Ira, far. P. 0. Agency City.\\nWing, Wm. S., far., Sec. 1 P.O. Agency\\nCity.\\nWise, Dan. A., far.. Sec. 24 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWood, Clay, far.. Sec. 35 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWOODFORD, If. A., Agency City,\\ngroceries, boots and shoes, hats and\\ncaps and queensware. Main st. born\\nDec. 2, 1827, in Hartford Co., Conn.;\\nin 1847, fame to his present locality\\nfirst engaged in selling clocks, then in\\ngeneral merchandise. Has been Mayor\\ntwo terms Alderman two terms. Mar-\\nried Margaret Brown in 1851 she was\\nborn in 1829, in Indiana, and died in\\n1865 have three children H. E.,\\nAurelia, now Mrs. Pilcher, and Charles\\nsecond marriage to Eliza Day July 16,\\n1868; she was born in 1847, in Athens\\nCo., Ohio; have three children Nina,\\nMary H. and Howard N. his son-in-\\nlaw, J. B. Pilcher, was born Nov. 22,\\n1839, in Jackson Co., Ohio. Married\\nAurelia Woodford, of Agency City,\\nJune 4, 1872.\\nYOUNG, SAMUEL, stoves and tin-\\nware, Agency City.\\nWASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.\\nACTON, J. J., farmer, Sec. 13 P. 0.\\nEldon.\\nAlbaugh, P., far.. Sec. 13 P. 0. Eldon.\\nAllen, C, Dr., Sec. 15 P. 0. Ashland.\\nAlman, T., far., Sec. 27 P. O. Eldon.\\nAlmau, Wm., far.. Sec. 27 P. 0. Eldon.\\nAliVERSO]^, J. E., DR.,\\ndrugs, groceries and hardware, Eldon\\nborn Dec. 27, 1838, m Garrard Co.,\\nKy. in 1848, came to Wapello Co. in\\n1871, removed to Eldon commenced\\nthe study of medicine in 1863 has\\nbeen practicing since 1870 established\\nthe Eldon Times in February, 1876\\ncontinued it about four months; sold\\nout to True Bentley June 9, 1876.\\nMarried Nancy A. Wallace Oct. 3, 1865\\nshe was born July 19, 1848, in Colum-\\nbiana Co., Ohio have three children\\nS. Artelissa, Claudius B. and John P.\\nPresbyterian.\\nAmos, L., far., S. 18 P. 0. Ashland.\\nAnderson, N., laborer, Eldon.\\nBAXTER, J. R., far., Sec. 18; P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nBETTERTOX,EDWIBf, fiirmer.\\nSec. 21; P.O. Eldon; born Jan. 3,\\n1840, in Wapello Co., Iowa his lather\\nwas the first white settler in the Terri-\\ntory, coming here six years before the\\npurchase was made from the Indians\\nowns 179 acres of land, valued at $25\\nper acre. Married Mary Weaver Nov.\\n15, 1863 she was bora Oct. 7, 1839,\\nin Hancock Co., 111. His father died\\nMarch 13, 1860, aged 59 years; his", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0614.jp2"}, "615": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON TOAVNSHIP.\\n617\\nmother was born April 3. 1802, in Som-\\nerset Co., Penn. He is Township\\nClerk, and has been elected Township\\nAssessor for 1878. Democrat.\\nBerger, J., far., S. 24 P. 0. Eldon.\\nISLAIR, A. Mcli., deceased, Eldon;\\nborn March 3, 1849, in Scotland; died\\nJan. 15, 1874. Married Rosa A.,\\ndaughter of John Paul, in 1864 in\\nDavenport, Iowa. She has three chil-\\ndren Wm. C., Maggie and Marietta.\\nShe owns her residence in Eldon.\\nBOORN, T. C, assistant master me-\\nchanic C, R. I. P. R. R., Eldon\\nborn Oct. 3, 1836, in Manchester, Vt.;\\nin 1852, came to Chicago; in 1859,\\nremoved to Peoria, 111., and commenced\\nin the railroad business, and has followed\\nit ever since; in 1874, came to his\\npresent position owns a house and lot\\nin town. Married Caroline Carew in\\n1866 she was born in 1839 in New\\nHampshire have one child Etta.\\nBaptist Republican.\\nBRADI.EY, JAMES, bakery,\\nEldon born Feb. 28, 1833, in Ireland;\\nin 1854, came to New York; in 1870,\\nremoved to Eldon owns his bakery and\\nother property in town. Enlisted in\\n1863 in Co. A, 7t.h 111. V. C, and served\\nabout one year. Has been two years a\\nmember of the Council. Married Jo-\\nhanna Shahan in 1855 she was born\\nin 1828 in Ireland have four children\\nMary, Ellen, Edmund and John.\\nCatholic.\\nBrewer, I. W., Sec. 7 P. 0. Ashland.\\nBrooks, J. C, far., Sec. 23 P. 0. Eldon.\\nBROWN, G. W., engineer, Eldon\\nborn Dec. 22, 1817, in Bedford Co.,\\nPenn. in 1844, came to Jefferson Co.,\\nIowa; engaged in farming till 1851,\\nwhen he engaged in the saw-mill busi-\\nness in 1867, sold out and returned to\\nfarming; in 1873, came to Eldon. Mar-\\nried Catherine Fishel in 1841 born\\nin 1818 in Bedford Co., Penn. died\\nNov. 22, 1877 have four children\\nDavid, John, William and Nancy Ann.\\nWhen in Jefferson Co., was Justice of\\nthe Peace, Township Trustee and Town-\\nship Clerk. Democrat.\\nBrownfield, William, Dr., Eldon.\\nBURKHOLDER, WII.I.IA1I,\\nfarmer. Sec. 24 P. 0. County Line\\nborn April 4, 1831, in Franklin Co.,\\nPenn.; when an infant, came with his\\nparents to Ohio in 1854, went to Cal-\\nifornia in 1872, came to his present\\nfarm owns 240 acres, valued at 825\\nper acre. Married Julia A. Asby in\\n1875 she was born in 1851, died in\\nJuly, 1877 has one child Sarah N.,\\naged 3 years. Republican.\\nCAM, A. H., farmer. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nCasey, Jas., section hand, Eldon.\\nCasey, John., laborer, Eldon.\\nChapman, A., far., S. 9 P. 0. Ashland.\\nCopersmith, M., section hand, Eldon.\\nCRAWFORD, W. H., farmer. Sec.\\n23 P. 0. Eldon born June 28,\\n1838, in Scott Co., Ind.; in 1854, came\\nto Wapello Co.; owns forty-four acres of\\nland, valued at $25 per acre. Married\\nMaryE. Shields in 1860 she was born\\nin 1835, in Scott Co., Ind.; have five\\nchildren Asenath A., Charles W.,\\nMary A., Cora May and William. Has\\nbeen Township Clerk and Secretary of\\nthe School Board. Democrat.\\nCreath, G. W., far., S. 5 P. 0. Ashland.\\nCreemer, D. P., Sec. 3 P. 0. Ashland.\\nCreemer, R., far., S. 3 P. 0. Ashland.\\nCRODDY, C, farmer, Sec. 29 P. 0.\\nEldon; born Aug. 31,1828, in Rock-\\nbridge Co., Va.; in 1844, came to Indi-\\nana in 1855, came to Wapello Co.;\\nowns 183 acres of land, valued at $30\\nper acre is Secretary of the School\\nBoard has been Township Treasurer\\nand School Director. Married Minerva\\nJ. Goodwin in 1849; she was born in\\n1833 in Franklin Co., Ind.; have four\\nchildren Alice J. (now Mrs. Mall), A.\\nJ., C. T. and C. L. Democrat.\\nCross, W. H., Justice of the Peace, Eldon.\\nCummins. E. M., far.. Sec. 26; P. 0.\\nEldon.\\nCummins, Robert, far.. Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nEldon.\\nCunningham, J. H., far., Sec. 20; P. O.\\nEldon.\\nDALGREN, C. P., far., Sec. 35; P.\\n0. Elden.\\nDAHI.GREX, C. A., far., Sec. 34;\\nP. 0. Eldon; born May 12, 1844, in\\nSweden; in 1852, came to Burlington,\\nIowa; in 1853, to Jefferson Co.; in\\n1857, to Appanoose Co.; in 1863, to\\nDavis Co., and, in 1866, to Wapello\\nCo. Owns 60 acres of land, valued at", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0615.jp2"}, "616": {"fulltext": "618\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\n$15 per acre. Married Amanda T.\\nMcClure in 1867 she was born in\\nMarcli, 1847, in Van Buren Co; have\\nfive children Cora T., Peter 0.,\\nCharles A., Salraa E. and Victor Y.\\nRepublican Mrs. Dahlgren is a mem-\\nber of the Christian Church.\\nDaniels, E., far.., Sec. 35; P. 0. Eldon.\\nDavidson, A., far., Sec. 1 P. O. Batavia.\\nDean, E., far., Sec. 1 P. 0. Batavia.\\nDean, E. L., far., Sec. 1 P. 0. Batavia.\\nDeford, T., far., Sec. 33 P. O. Eldon.\\nDesotle, M., engineer, Eldon.\\nDial, Thos., far., Sec. 31 P. 0. Eldon.\\nDonahue, J., section boss, Eldon.\\nDOOL.EY, MARTIX, boarding-\\nhouse and saloon, Eldon born Nov. 8,\\n1841, in Ireland; in 1860, came to\\nScott Co., Iowa; in 1869, removed to\\nWapello Co.; owns house and lot in\\ntown. Married Mary Flinn Nov. 7,\\n1870 she was born in 1851 in Ireland\\nhave three children Ellen, Mary and\\n\\\\gatha. Catholic Democrat.\\nDornsife, Henry, far., Sec. 26 P. 0. Eldon.\\n1 RAKE, D. O., far., Sec._28; p. 0.\\nEldon born June 21, 1857, in Morgan\\nf o., Ohio; in 1873, came to his present\\nfarm owns 153 acres of land, valued at\\n$25 per acre. Married Amy Alexander\\nJan. 1, 1877 she was born Oct. 21,\\n1856, in Iowa have one child Estella\\nMay. Democrat.\\nDrake, J. G., saw-mill, Eldon.\\nDrake, W., far., Sec. 34 P. 0. Eldon.\\nELLSWORTH, A., far., Sec. 24 P.\\n0. Eldon.\\nEllsworth, G. W., far., S. 25 P. 0. Eldon.\\nEngle, M., far.. Sec. 29 P. 0. Eldon.\\nEngle, H. M., far., Sec. 29; P. 0. Eldon.\\nFISHER, M., far., Sec. 14 P. 0. Ash-\\nland.\\nFlinn, J. C, far., Sec. 14 P. 0. Ashland.\\nFOSTER, D. T., far., Sec. 9 P. 0.\\nAshland born Nov. 19, 1849, in Wa-\\npello Co. came to his present farm in\\n1863; owns 160 acres, valued at $30\\nper acre. Married Miss S. A. Nimocks\\nFeb. 15, 1872 she was born Nov. 2,\\n1850, in Jefferson Co Iowa; have four\\nchildren\u00e2\u0080\u0094 N. M., M. B., T. M. and W.\\nR. Has been two terms Township Clerk.\\nRepublican.\\nFOSTER. THOS., farmer. Sec. 8\\nP. 0. Ashland born Feb. 16, 1814, in\\nRoss Co., Ohio in 1843, came to Wa-\\npello Co. He owns about one thousand\\nacres of land was one of the earliest\\nsettlers of the county. Married Mis\\nP. J. Dennison in 1845, she was\\nborn in 1825 in Illinois had nine\\nchildren, five living Wm. F., Daniel\\nT., Scott R., Emma L. and Hannah B.\\nHas held most of the township oflQces\\nwas the first Assessor of this county has\\nalso been County Superintendent. Mem-\\nber M. E. Church.\\nFoster, W. F., far., S. 8 P. 0. Ashland.\\nQARRISON, A. A., Sec. 23; P. 0.\\nEldon.\\nGarrison, S., far., S. 6 P. 0. Ashland.\\nGodley, M. L., far., S. 27 ;,P. 0. Eldon.\\nGoff, C. B., far., S. 12 P. O. County Line.\\nGoff, G. W., far., S. 13 P. 0. County Line.\\nGoodwin, B. D., far., S. 30 P. O. Eldon.\\nGoodwin, J. J., A., S. 30 P. 0. Eldon.\\nGriggsby, W., laborer, Eldon.\\nHAND, M. S., far., S. 23 P. 0.\\nEldon.\\nHaydock, M., far., S. 16; P. 0. Ashland.\\nHaydock, N., far., S. 16; P. 0. Ashland.\\nHEARX, S. W. H. li., farmer,\\nSec. 35; P. 0. Eldon; born Aug. 8,\\n1804, in Baltimore, Md. in 1816, came\\nwith his parents to Ohio in 1842, to\\nthe Territory. Owns 445 acres of land,\\nwhich he entered from the Government.\\nMarried Phebe Coleman in 1859; she\\nwas born in 1828 in New York have\\nseven children Eurias and Mathias\\ntwins), Sehuur, William, David, Ledger\\nand Harness. She has two children by\\na former marriage Melsenia and Anna.\\nGreenbacker.\\nHendrew, J., far., S. 19 P. 0. Eldon.\\nHENRY, PATRICK, far., Sec. 2;\\nP. O. Batavia; born Nov. 13, 1819, in\\nWashington Co., Va. in 1829, came to\\nIndiana with his parents in 1838,\\ncame to Van Buren Co. in 1854, came\\nto his present farm owns 225 acres,\\nvalued at $25 per acre. Married Mary\\nFarnum June 9, 1842 she was born\\nJuly 25, 1827, in Merrimack Co., N. H.\\nwhen about 10 years old, she came with\\nher parents to Van Buren Co. both\\ndied in Keokuk in December, 1855.\\nher father at 63 and mother at 55 years\\nof age. Mr. H. has six children\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pat-\\nrick, Amarantha J. (now Mrs. Brewer),\\nFayette H., William H., Frank and\\nLavenia. Napoleon B. enlisted in 1861", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0616.jp2"}, "617": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.\\n619\\nin Co D, 14tli I. V. I. died at Benton\\nBarracks, St. Louis, Jan. 19, 1862.\\nDemocrat.\\nHieronimus, J., far., S. 28 P. 0. Eldon.\\nHodson, J. P., far., S. 11 P. 0. Ashland.\\nHodson,.R.,far., S. 10 P. 0. Ashland.\\nHubbard, R., far., S. 25 P. 0. Ashland.\\nHUSTOIV, R. W., DR., physician\\nand surgeon, Eldon born Jan. 15, 1848,\\nin Ashland Co., Ohio; Aug. 17, 1871,\\ncame to Illinois; in 1872, removed to\\nEldon commenced the study of medi-\\ncine in 1868 graduated Feb. 25, 1871,\\nin the medical department of the Uni-\\nversity of Wooster at Cleveland, Ohio\\nsince then, has been in constant practice.\\nMarried Hortense J. Scott Nov. 26,\\n1874 she was born in 1853 in Warsaw,\\nInd. had two children Milton C,\\naged 5 months lost Willis L. in in-\\nfancy. Republican.\\nHull, C, far., S. 34; P. 0. Eldon.\\nHuston, Wm., butcher, Eldon.\\nySllAEL, M. C, far., S. 11; P. 0.\\nI Ashland.\\nISRAEL, J. A., farmer, Sec. 3\\nP. 0. Agency City born Sept. 8,\\n1846, in Decatur Co., Ind.; in 1849,\\ncame with parents to Van Buren Co.\\nin 1853, to Wapello Co.; in 1867,\\nremoved to his present farm. Owns\\nsixty-five acres, valued at $35 per acre.\\nMarried Miss Anna Estes Dec. 27,\\n1865 she was born June 23, 1848, in\\nLincoln Co., Mo. have two children\\nStella M. and Margaret R. Enlisted\\nin April, 1864, in Co. K, 47th I. V. I.\\nserved till September, 1864 has been\\nTownship Clerk and Assessor, and mem-\\nber of the School Board was elected to\\nthe Legislature on the Democratic ticket,\\nin 1877 while a member of that body\\nwas appointed one of a committee of\\nthree on the part of the House to in-\\nvestigate the aifairs of the Iowa Penir\\ntentiary at Ft. Madison the investi-\\ngation disclosed the fact that the State\\nhad been defrauded by its corrupt War-\\nden and his accomplices in sums ranging\\nfrom $150,000 to $200,000.\\nJOHNSON, J. D., far.. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nt) Ashland.\\nKEESER, N., farmer. Sec. 2 P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nKXIGHT, G. W., far.. Sec. 14 P.\\n0. Eldon born Aug. 10, 1814, in Bal-\\ntimore Co., Md.; in 1836, came to Indi-\\nana in 1843, came to Wapello Co.,\\nIowa; in 1848, returned to Indiana;\\nin 1868, came to his present farm owns\\n112 acres, valued at $25 per acre.\\nMarried Maria Miller in 1839 she was\\nborn Dec. 20, 1820, in Ohio; died in\\n1850; have two children Z. T. and\\nMary E. Married Mrs. Watkins in\\n1865 she was born April 20, 1830, in\\nIndiana have three children Frank\\nL., G. W. and Clara A. Henry R.\\nenlisted in 1862 in Co. G, 72d Ind. V.\\nI.; died at Gallatin, Tenn., in December,\\n1862, of disease contracted in theai my.\\nRepublican.\\nKXIGHT, Z. T., farmer, Sec. 14;\\nP. 0. Eldon born March 18, 1847, in\\nWapello Co.; he and his mother-in-law,\\nMrs. Flint, own about eighty-three acres\\nof land. Married Susan Flint in 1874;\\nshe was born in 1853, in Wapello Co.;\\nthey have one child Alietta. Repub-\\nlican.\\nKUHXS, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 26;\\nP. 0. Eldon born March 8, 1811, in\\nWestmoreland Co., Penn.; when an in-\\nfant, he came with his parents to Fair-\\nfield Co., Ohio in 1846, came to Wa-\\npello Co., Iowa removed to his present\\nfarm in 1867 owns 220 acres, valued\\nat $40 per acre. Married Nancy Clark\\nin 1835; she was born May 24, 1811,\\nin Hocking Co., Ohio; died April 18,\\n1854; had nine children, four living\\nMary J., Samuel, Susanna and Christian.\\nSecond marriage to Rhoda Melan Dec.\\n25, 1854 she was born Sept. 10, 1830,\\nin Dearborn Co., Ind.; have seven chil-\\ndren Nancy M., James H., Martin L.,\\nEllen J., William F., Ephraim and\\nAlonzo. Samuel enlisted in 1862, in\\nthe 15th I. V. I.; served to the end\\nof the war was wounded at the battle\\nof Corinth. Democrat.\\nLINE, A., former, Sec. 1 P. O.Ash-\\nland.\\nL.A W, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 13 P.\\n0. Eldon born Nov. 2, 1820, in Rich-\\nland Co., Ohio; in 1853, came to Keo-\\nkuk Co.; thence to Jefferson Co.; in\\n1874, came to Wapello Co.; they own\\nfifty-seven acres of land, valued at $30\\nper acre taught school when in Ohio,\\nKeokuk and Jefferson Cos. Married\\nMary Halferty in 1849 she was born", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0617.jp2"}, "618": {"fulltext": "620\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nin 1831, in Pennsylvania; had seven\\nchildren, four living Isaphene, Ida W.,\\nVirgil and George. Was Township\\nClerk in Keokuk and Justice of the\\nPeace in Jeft erson Co.\\nLittlefield, Clark, farmer, Sec. 25 P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nMcCOY, M., farmer, Sec. 17 P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nMcDivit, B., farmer, Sec. 9 Old Ashland.\\nMclntirc, D. A., Sec. 1 P. 0. County\\nLine.\\nMclntire, I., Sec. 1 P. 0. County Line.\\nMcNulty, R. E., Sec. 10 P. 0. Ashland.\\nMAEL, JOHX M., farmer, Sec. 15\\nP. 0. Eldon born July 1, 1814, in\\nWheeling, Va. when an infant came\\nto Ohio with his parents in 1834, came\\nto Indiana in 1840, came to the Terri-\\ntory owns 180 acres of land, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Married Elizabeth Moore\\nin 1843 she was born December, 1825,\\nin Ohio; have nine children D. W.,\\nNancy A., Elizabeth J., John R.. James\\nT., Mary L., William U., Laura A. and\\nEmma F. lost llachel in infancy.\\nHas held the office of Constable for the\\npast twenty years. Democrat.\\nMannaugh, Thomas, Sec. 13; P. 0. Ash-\\nland.\\nMarring, M., far., Sec. 24 P. 0. Eldon.\\nMiller, Wm., far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Ash-\\nland.\\nMIIililSACK, J. W., farmer, Sec.\\n4 P. 0. Agencv City born Aug. 4,\\n1827, in CarrolfCo., Ohio; in 1871,\\ncame to his present farm owns 250\\nacres land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nMarried Catharine Overholt in 1854;\\nshe was born in 1832, in Harrison Co.,\\nOhio have six children\u00e2\u0080\u0094 N. W., T. F.,\\nIda, C. M. C, C. S. and S. F. Repub-\\nlican.\\nMillisack, T. O., fiirmer. Sec. 4; P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nMIXGITS, J. D., M. D., Sec. 9 P.\\n0. Ashland born Jan. 3, 1820, in\\nLincoln, N. C. in 1847, came to Wa-\\npello Co. in 1872, removed to his pres-\\nent farm owns 445 acres, valued at\\n$25 per acre. Married Nancy B. Acton\\niu July, 1 848 she was born in Septem-\\nber, 1825, in Preble Co., Ohio had\\nnine children seven living J. W.,\\nElizabeth A., Amelia J., Harriet P.,\\nMary F., Nancy L., W. F. He com-\\nmenced the study of medicine in 1841,.\\nand practiced from 1846 to 1851 in\\n1865, commenced reading law; was\\nadmitted to practice in 1872. Has been\\na Notary Public since 1864. Repub-\\nlican Baptist.\\nMOORE, ENOS, deceased; born Feb.\\n1 2, 1 823, in Ohio, and died in Wapello Co.\\nMarried Jerusha Newell Aug. 14, 1845\\nshe was born July 11, 1827, in Rush\\nCo., Ind. came to Wapello Co. in\\n1845 she owns 200 acres, valued at\\n$25 per acre had nine children five\\nliving Anna M., now Mrs. Myers S.\\nA., William 0., John R. and Newton\\nN. He was Justice of the Peace, Town-\\nship Clerk, etc.\\nMoore, S. A., far., S. 14; P. 0. Ashland.\\nMulvaney, P., far., S. 18; P. 0. Ashland.\\nMyres, D., far., S. 16 P. 0. Ashland.\\nM\\\\ERS, li. A., farmer. Sec. 15 P.\\n0. Eldon; born Dec. 2, 1811, in\\nPreble Co., Ohio; in 1830, came to\\nElkhart Co., Ind. in 1842, came to\\nthis Territory, with a view of locating\\nreturned to Indiana, and in December,\\n1844, returned to Wapello Co. and pur-\\nchased the claim, consisting of 320\\nacres, now valued at about $30 per\\nacre. Married Rachel Beck Oct. 6,\\n1838; she was born Aug. 14, 1811, in\\nKentucky; died Nov. 27, 1846, in\\nWapello Co. had eight children four\\nliving Morris B., born June 24, 1834\\nMary E., now Mrs. Dickson, born Sept.\\n8, 1839 Eli W., Feb. 24, 1843, and\\nIra A., March 5, 1845 Sarah A., wife\\nof WiUiam Clark, born Dec. 25, 1837;\\ndied June 11, 1867; Christopher A.,\\nJohn F. and F. E. died in infancy.\\nSecond marriage to Miss E. M. McNutt\\nJan. 20, 1848 she was born March 9,\\n1824, in Roane Co., Tenn. came with\\nher parents to Elkhart Co., Ind., in\\n1832 they removed to Wapello Co. in\\n1845, and settled in Ashland; had\\ntwelve children eight living Rachel\\nM., now Mrs. Acton, born Dec. 29,\\n1848 Jos. N., June 8, 1850 Augusta\\nI., now Mrs. Monroe, May 12, 1853;\\nGeorge M., July 27, 1859 Luna A.,\\nJune 16, 1863 Iva L., Dec. 10, 1865\\nLeota E., Oct. 27, 1867 Victor A.,\\nAug. 5, 1870 Ellen J., Ida J., Louis\\nA. and James E. died in infancy. E.\\nW. enlisted in February, 1861, in Co.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0618.jp2"}, "619": {"fulltext": "XEWELiIi, L. F., far., Sees. 5 and\\n6 P. 0. Agency City born Jan. 25,\\n1841, in Warren Co., Ind. in 1847,\\ncame with his parents to Wapello Co.\\nowns 650 acres of land, valued at $40\\nper acre. Married Martha E. Page\\nFeb. 7, 1862 she was born March 23,\\n1841, in New Hampshire; have three\\nchildren Ida M., Earrie E. and Frank\\nW. Has held most of the township\\noffices. Republican.\\nX E W E li L JOHN D., farmer,\\nSec. 7 P. 0. Agency City born Dec.\\n27, 1852, in Wapello Co., and now lives\\non the land entered by his father he\\nowns 133 acres, valued at $40 per acre.\\nMarried Ida M., daughter of Dr. Weir,\\nof Agency City, April 26, 1876 she\\nwas born May, 1852, in Wapello Co.\\nRepublican.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0619.jp2"}, "620": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0620.jp2"}, "621": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.\\n621\\nE, 1 7th I. V. I. served about three\\nyears. Has been about ten years Jus-\\ntice of the Peace, four years County Su-\\npervisor, and has held about all the\\ntowMsliip offices. Has been member of\\nthe M. K. Church for the past forty\\nyears Democrat.\\nMYKRS, KKIIBF.X, farmer, Sec.\\n8 V. O. Ashland born March 2i\\n1815, in York Co., Penn.; in 1817,\\ncame with bis parents to Preble (^o.,\\nOhio; in 1830, came to Fountain Co.,\\nInd. June 22, 1848, came to Wapello\\nCo. Owns 104 acres of land, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Married Sallic Moore in\\n183G; she was born May 7, 1819, in\\nRoss Co., Ohio; had five children, two\\nliving Thomas J. and Melissa J. (now\\nMrs. Creath.) llepublican. Member of\\nthe M. E. Church.\\nVTELSON, C, far., S. 27 P. 0. Eldon.\\nNelson, I. C, blacksmith, Eldon.\\nNKWKI.Ii, I)., farmer. Sec. (i P.\\n0. Agency City; born Feb. 5, 1830, in\\nRush Co., [nd. in 1847, came* to\\nWapello Co. in 1850, came to his\\npresent farm. Owns 660 acres, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Married Glorvina\\nConnelly in 1854; she was born in\\n1832 in Pennsylvania have eleven chil-\\ndren\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mary B., L. B., M. A., J. F.,\\nE. J., Charles, 0. S., Alberta J., G.\\nW., Winona and Harry. Republican.\\nNewell, J. i)., far., S. 5 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nNewell, L. F., far., S. 5 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWKWKIili, T. ftirmer, Sec. 5;\\nP. 0. Agency City; born April 1,\\n1856, in Wapello Co.; in 1876, re-\\nmoved to his present farm. Owns 103\\nacres of land, valued at $30 per acre.\\nMarried Catherine Metz Jan. 18, 1876\\nshe was born June 2, 1855, in Marion\\nCo., Iowa. Is Secretary of the School\\nBoard, llepublican. Member of the\\nM. E. Church.\\nNickleson, George, far.. Sec. 10; P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nNimocks, Reuel, iar.. Sec. 10; P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nBfOWVIOCK, WIL.LIAM, far..\\nSec. 14 P. O. Eldon born Nov. 30,\\n1830, in Delaware Co., Penn.; in 1874,\\ncame to his present farm owns 196\\nacres of land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nMarried Susan Huggins May 13, 1860\\nshe was born in 1833 in Perry Co.,\\nPenn.; have four children Thadeus,\\nWilliam, James and Verna. Demo-\\ncrat.\\nOSBORN, L., far., Sec. 29 P. O.\\nEldon.\\nPOWKJ.S, THOS., far.. Sec. 29 P.\\nO. Eldon.\\nPruden, J., far., Sec. 32 P. O. Eldon.\\nO EANDON, W., laborer Eldon.\\nRhodes, A., Sec. 13 P. 0. Ashland.\\nRiggs, J. M., far.. Sec. 31 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nRoberts, L., far., Sec. 30 P. 0. Eldon.\\nRogers, J. M., far. Sec. 27 P. 0. P^ldon.\\nR I.A:Rfl E. T., Postmaster,\\nEldon; born Jan. 18, 1844. in Barthol-\\nomew Co., Ind.; in 1850, came to\\nDavis Co., Iowa, with his parents; in\\n1860, came to Clarke Co., Mo.; in 1870,\\nremoved to Eldon first engaged in the\\ndrug business was appointed Post-\\nmaster in 1870; has held this office\\nsince is Township Assessor, and Sec-\\nretary of the School Board. Married\\nMiss Vina Mummert in 1867 she\\nwas born in 1846, in Wapello Co.\\nRominger, S. C, Sec. 25 P. 0. Eldon.\\nRussell, M., mechanic, Eldon.\\nRussell, P., blac ksmith, Eldon.\\nAPP, H., assistant yardmaster, Eldon.\\nS^\\nShields, A., far., Sec. 14; P. 0. Eldon.\\nShields, M., far., Sec. 14 P. 0. Eldon.\\nShoemaker, J., far., Sec. 1 P. 0. County\\nLine.\\nShore, A., far.. Sec. 23; P. O. Eldon,\\nSimmonds, G. H., druggist, Eldon.\\nSirles, I., fiir.. Sec. 12 P. 0. County Line.\\nSnook, L. D., far., Sec. 25 P. 0. Eldon.\\nSperry, John, far., Sec. 27 P. 0. Eldon.\\nStewart, E., far.. Sec. 10 P. 0. Ashland.\\nStewart, J., far.. Sec. 10 P. 0. Ashland.\\nStrickland, M. W., far.. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nStewart, W., far., Sec. 10 P. 0. Eldon.\\nSweet, H., laborer, Eldon.\\nn ^ERRY, M. M., far., Sec. 19; P. 0.\\n_1_ Ashland.\\nTrott, J. A., merchant. Eldon.\\nTrott, J., engineer, Sec. 27 P. 0. Eldon.\\nYASS, J. C, far.. Sec. 9 P. 0. Ash-\\nland.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0621.jp2"}, "622": {"fulltext": "622\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nWALKER, J, far., Sec. 1 P. 0.\\nCounty Line.\\nWALTER, ANDREW, butcher,\\nEldon; born Aug. 19, 1846, in Ger-\\nmany in 1 866, came to New York\\nCity in 1867, came to Louisville, Ky.;\\nin 1868, to Missouri; in 1870, re-\\nmoved to Eldon he has been engaged\\nin this business since he was 16 years\\nold. Married Anna Reardon in 1872\\nshe was born in 1852 in Ireland have\\ntwo children Mary and William.\\nCatholic Democrat.\\nWarren, W. J., far., Sec. 10; P. 0.\\nAshland.\\nWEXTZ, E. F., station agent, C, R.\\nI. P. R. R., Eldon was born May\\n29, 1851, in Broome Co., N. Y.; in\\n1869, came to Ottumwa, Iowa was\\nCashier of the B. M. R. R. till Jan-\\nuary, 1873; then it consolidated with\\nthe C, B. Q. R. R.; he removed to\\nBelknap, and was appointed joint-agent\\nfor the St. L., K. C. N. R. R. and\\nC, R. I. P. R. R.; remained there\\ntill 1875 located at Moberly was ap-\\npointed traveling auditor of the St. L.\\nK. C. R. R.; continued till 1876,\\nwhen he removed to Eldon. Married\\nMiss Anna Doxsie Dec. 24, 1877 she\\nwas born in 1854 in Bloomington, 111.\\nRepublican.\\nWHITMORE, M., machinist, El-\\ndon born Nov. 25, 1842, in Jefferson\\nCo., Iowa April 2, 1872, came to\\nEldon owns three houses and lots in\\nEldon has been a member of the\\nCouncil. Greenbacker.\\nWilliams, J., far., Sec. 2 P. 0. Ashland.\\nWOL.F, JOHN, Sec. 20; P. 0.\\nEldon born Jan. 3, 1812, in Ireland\\nin 1832, came to New York; in 1834,\\nto Louisiana in 1866, removed to\\nWapello Co. Owns 120 acres of land,\\nvalued at $15 per acre. Married Miss\\nN. Willis in 1841 she was born in\\n1811 in Ireland; died in February,\\n1875 had eight children one living\\nElizabeth (now Mrs. Terry). Was en-\\ngaged in the United States Branch\\nMint, at New Orleans, for about twenty-\\nthree years.\\nWood, T., blacksmith, Eldon.\\nWRIGHT, S. M., farmer, residence\\nEldon born April 30, 1815, in Brown\\nCo., Ohio; September, 1830, came to\\nFountain Co., Ind. in 1840, came to\\nDes Moines Co., Iowa; May 1, 1843,\\nremoved to Wapello Co. one of the\\nearliest settlers of the county owns\\n100 acres of land in Sees. 15 and 21;\\nalso property in town. Was the first\\nCoroner elected for Wapello Co. has\\nbeen County Superintendent for 1875,\\n1876 and 1877 was Postmaster at Old\\nAshland. Married Hannah E. Lyle\\nFeb. 22, 1853 she was born in 1833,\\nin Pennsylvania have two children\\nEmery C. and George W. Repub-\\nlican M. E. Church.\\nXT ODER, J., laborer, Eldon.\\nRICHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\nARGENBRIGHT, JOHN, laborer,\\nKirkville.\\nARNOIiD, J. M., farmer. Sec. 34;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa; born in Shelby Co.,\\nInd., Feb. 24, 1848 came to Wapello\\nCo. with his parents at 7 years of age.\\nDec. 8, 1872, married Sarah C. Snyder,\\nwho was born in Bartholomew Co., Ind.,\\nMarch 18, 1854; have three children\\nWilliam C, born Sept. 19, 1873 Rosa\\nE., March 18, 1875; Carl Frederick,\\nMarch 2, 1877. Democrat. Owns 99J\\nacres of land, valued at $4,200 has a\\ndairy of sixteen cows.\\nARNOLD, WM. F., farmer. Sec.\\n27 P. 0. Ottumwa son of George W.\\nArnold, deceased, who was born in Union\\nCo., Ind., Feb. 22, 1821 came to Wa-\\npello Co., Iowa, in 1856, and died there\\nMarch 14, 1876. George W. Arnold\\nwas married on March 3, 1843, to\\nMary A. Carr, born in Ohio May 31,\\n182,3, and removed with her parents to\\nRipley Co., Ind., at 4 years of age;\\ntheir children are J. M., born Feb. 24,\\n1848; John C, Oct. 15, 1849; Ruthy\\nJ., Nov. 4, 1854; Wm. F., Sept. 26.\\n1857; G. W., Dec. 4, i860. He was", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0622.jp2"}, "623": {"fulltext": "RICHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\n628\\na member of the Church of Christ for\\nmany years, as are also his widow and\\ndaughter. He left 194 acres and\\nproperty at his death, valued at $8,000\\nthe homestead is held by Mrs. Mary A.\\nArnold, his widow, and her two young-\\nest sons, William and George.\\nArthur, Henry, shoemaker, Kirkville.\\nAyers, John W., wagon-maker, Kirkville.\\nBAIRD, JOS. C, flirmer. Sec. 18 P.\\n0. Kirkville.\\nBaker, L. T., far., S. 35 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBALL, W. former. See. 30 P.\\n0. Chillicothe born in Beaver Co.,\\nPenn., Oct. 20, 1845; removed with\\nhis parents to Hancock Co., W. Va.,\\nwhen a child to Jefferson Co., Iowa,\\nin 1854 thence to Wapello Co. in 1876.\\nAug. 2, 1867, was married to S. F.\\nMichael, the first white child born in\\nPolk Co., Iowa have four children\\nCharles W., born March 27, 1868;\\nAlwilda, Oct. 13, 1872; Joseph D.\\nApril 22, 1876; George R., July 28,\\n1878. Entered the army July 17,\\n1863, Co. B, 8th I. V. C; was in serv-\\nice two years wounded in a skirmish\\nwith Hood s advance at Florence, Ala.,\\nand permanently disabled. Republican.\\nReal estate consists of two city lots,\\nvalued at $1,200. Has commenced the\\nbreeding of fine horses and has as fine a\\nthree-year-old colt as can be found in\\nthe State.\\nBarker, J. A., far.. Sec. 4 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nBarnes, S., far.. Sec. 16 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nBeck, David, retired farmer, Kirkville.\\nBell, N., far.. Sec. 33 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBiggs, B. F., far., Sec. 33 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBissdl, W., far.. Sec. 7 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nBlackburn, Robert, blacksmith, Kirkville.\\nBradley, F., far., Sec. 25 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBrown, H. H., far., Sec. 26 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nBrown, A., far.. Sec. 28 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBrown, F., far.. Sec. 20 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nBUXCUTTER, W. C, far.. Sec.\\n35 p. 0. Ottumwa; born in Frederick\\nCo., Va., Feb. 8, 1822 came to Cham-\\npaign Co., Ohio, at 25 years of age\\nlived there nineteen years removed to\\nLee Co., Iowa thence in the spring of\\n1869, to Wapello Co. Married on the\\n18th of April, 1850, Mary McKeever\\nborn in Chester Co., Penn., Feb. 9, 1828\\ntheir children are Hattie E., born Sept.\\n26, 1851 Blanche E., bcrn Nov. 14,\\n1852 Harlan, born June 20, 1861.\\nDemocrat. Member of the M. E.\\nChurch with his wife and daughter has\\none daughter mai ried a resident of\\nWapello Co.\\nBuxton, H., far., Sec. 14 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBuxton, J., far.. Sec. 13 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nr^ARPENTER, L. D., farmer. Sec. 36;\\n\\\\J P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCARVER, JOHN H., rethed\\nfarmer, Kirkville native of Harrison\\nCo., Ohio, born Dec. 2, 1818; came\\nwith his mother to Washington Co..\\nPenn., when a child in 1839, removed\\nto Ripley Co., Ind. thence to Richland\\nTp., Wapello Co., Iowa, spring of 1849.\\nMarried in Ripley Co., Ind., Mary G.\\nThackery, now deceased married again\\nin 1853, Margaret J. Barton his\\nchildren are Luther R., James M., Isaac\\nN., Homer B., Clara M., Cora 0.,\\nSamuel A., Thomas N., Chaj-les E.,\\nHarry L. and Bailey. Mr. Carver, wife\\nand five children, members of the M.\\nE. Church. Has held several minor\\noffices served his country as Representa-\\ntive to the State Legislature during the\\nThirteenth and Fourteenth sessions of\\nthat body was upon the County Board\\nof Supervisors four years. An earnest\\nRepublican. Owns 565 acres of land\\nin Wapello Co., valued at $17,000.\\nCarpenter, L. M., farmer, Sec. 36 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nCarr, Josiah, Sec. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCarr, Samuel, S. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCarson, Isaac, far., S. 15 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nChamberlin, L. A., cheese mfr., Sec. 8 P.\\n0. Kirkville.\\nCheck. A. J., laborer, Kirkville.\\nClefford, D., far., Sec. 30 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nCole, W. W., far., S. 6 P, 0. Kirkville.\\nCole, W., retired farmer, Kirkville.\\nCOMSTOCK, A. B., M. D.,\\nfarmer, Sec. 30 P. 0. Kirkville was\\nborn in Franklin Co., Ohio, near Colum-\\nbus, March 1, 1818; came to Iowa,\\nApril 9, 1837, crossing the Mississippi\\nat Fort Madison, into what was then\\nWisconsin Territory came into Richland\\nTp. in the summer of 1843. The same\\nseason the country was opened for set-\\ntlement, there being at that timetwentv-\\nfour families besides his own in the", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0623.jp2"}, "624": {"fulltext": "624\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\ntownship, and probably about four hun-\\ndred inhabitants in the county. Married\\nJune 17, 1838, at Bentonsport, Van\\nBuren Co., to Sarah Ann Sullivan born\\nin Lincoln Co., Mo., July 2, 1821 had\\ntwelve children, six living Francis J.,\\nborn Nov. 21, 1839 James H., born\\nDec. 1, 1841 Chloe J., born Oct. 25,\\n1843; Alanson B., Jr., born April 1,\\n1848; Frances M., born March 24,\\n1850; Sally Ann, born July 27, 1859.\\nHis first vote was cast for Harrison in\\n1 836. Has always voted the Republican\\nticket until this fall voted National.\\nRepresented his county in the first State\\nLegislature ever convened. Had two sons\\nin the army, one of whom was wounded\\nwith a musket-ball in the foot. Frank\\nwas mustered out of service as Lieutenant\\nof cavalry. Dr. Comstock was educated\\nat Augusta College, Ky. read for his\\nprofession under the instruction of hisi^\\nfather. Dr. James Comstock, at Hamil-\\nton, Ohio, and followed his profession\\nfor twenty-five years. For a year after\\ncoming to Wapello Co., was one of three\\nphysicians upon whom all the medical\\npractice of the county devolved. His\\nhearing becoming greatly impaired, the\\npractice of his profession was abandoned,\\nand for many years he has been exten-\\nsively engaged in raising stock, feeding\\nand farming consumes all his corn at\\nhome his cattle are good grade stock,\\nabout one-half being half-bloods has\\n483 acres of land, valued at $16,000.\\nCowan, D. B., laborer, S. 31 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nDAVIS, J. R., farmer, Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nDickson, Alex., far., S. 34 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nDIXSIIORE, l C, physician and\\nsurgeon, Kirkville born in York Co.,\\nPenn., Dec. 10, 1830; read with Dr.\\nD. L. Firestone in Wayne Co., Ohio,\\nand graduated at Western Reserve Med-\\nical CoUese, Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 26,\\n1861 removed to Iowa and located for\\npractice in Martinsburg, Keokuk Co.\\nAfter attending his first course of lect-\\nures, winter of 1855-56, entered the\\narmy as 1st Lieutenant of cavalry in\\n1861 mustered out with the rank of\\nCaptain after three years service on the\\nfrontier. June, 1865, resumed practice,\\nlocating in Kirkville. April 2, 1863,\\nmarried Cyrilla J. Andrew born in\\nLafayette Co., Ind., March 7, 1834:\\ntheir children are Jessie, born May\\n12, 1867; Clara, born July 4, 1869;\\nHenry, born Dec. 17, 1870 Florence,\\nborn Oct. 28, 1873; Henrietta, born\\nNov. 10, 1874; Helen, born Sept. 20,\\n1876. Mrs. Dinsmore is a member of\\nthe Presbyterian Church Republican.\\nDevol, Harris, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0.\\nKirkville.\\nDevol, W. L., farmer. Sec. 24; P. O. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nDOTY, J. J., farmer. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nOttumwa; born in Henry Co., 111., Sept.\\n21, 1843; removed to Wapello Co.,\\nMarch, 1872; to Richland Tp. in 1875.\\nMarried Annette GourleyOct. 13, 1864\\nshe was born in Peoria Co., 111., Oct. 26,\\n1845 has three children J. R., born\\nNov. 17, 1865; S. E., born July 11,\\n1868; Eddie T. G., born June 22,\\n1873. Owns 160 acres of land, valued\\nat $6,000. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch. Enlisted in the army, in the\\n134th 111. V I., Co. H was discharged\\nafter one year s service, upon Surgeon s\\ncertificate of disability. Republican.\\nDOW D,I.. E.MRS., far, S. 34; P.O.\\nOttumwa; owns eighty acres land, valued\\nat $40 per acre; born in Putnam Co.,\\nInd., in 1822. Married her first husband,\\nMr. Slaven, June 1, 1843; moved to\\nWapello Co. in 1852 Mr. Slaven died\\nin 1869 married Mr. Dowd, a Baptist\\npreacher, who died in 1878; Mrs.\\nDowd s maiden name was L. E. Good-\\nwin Mr. Dowd was from Massachu-\\nsetts; born in 1807; Mrs. D. had, by\\nher first husband, ten children, five liv-\\ning George T., Harrison H., Hetta,^\\nBertha, Allie M. five dead John K.,\\nJane, Isadora, Ora and R. Salathiel.\\nEDGAR, R. C, farmer. Sec. 16 P. 0.\\nKirkville.\\nEdgar, Wm., far.. Sec. 9 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nEichelberger, A., miller, Kirkville.\\nTpARRAR, OSCAR, Kirkville.\\nFAII.YER, ADAM li., farmer.\\nSec. 7 P. 0. Kirkville born in Cum-\\nberland Co., Penn., Dec. 23, 1837 re-\\nmoved with his parents to Mahaska Co.,\\nIowa, May 22, 1847 to Wapello Co.\\nthree years later. His father, George\\nFailyer, was born in Cumberland Co.,.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0624.jp2"}, "625": {"fulltext": "RICHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\n625\\nPenn., Oct. 12, 1795 married Margaret\\nBest, native of same county, and died\\nSept. 13, 1875, his wife following him\\nFeb. 23, 1877; their children were\\nMary Ann, born March 26, 1835, who\\nmarried Chas. Harding, and Adam L.,\\nunmarried and at present residing upon\\nthe old homestead of seventy acres, val-\\nuation $1,500; has other real estate in\\nMahaska Co. Democrat his parents\\nwere members of the M. E. Church.\\nFarrar, Wm., feather renovator, Kirkville.\\nFisher, Alex., far., S. 14 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nFisher, Wm., far., S. 14; P. 0. Kirkvillle.\\nForsyth, Geo., far., S. 3 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nForsyth, James, far., S. 18 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nForsyth, J. F., far., S. 3; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nFoster, Caleb, far., S. 6 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nFulton, J. C, far. Kirkville.\\nFunk, Elisha, far., S. 13, P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGHOLSTON, DANIEL, far. Kirk-\\nville.\\nGITHENS, J. T., farmer, Sec 2\\nP. 0. Kirkville born in Decatur Co.,\\nInd., Jan. 23, 1826; came to Keokuk,\\nIowa, in 185(5 to Wapello Co., spring\\nof 1868 worked at his trade as a wagon-\\nmaker in Ohio one year, and was mar-\\nried there Oct. 1, 1846, to Kesiah\\nMiller, born July 29, 1826 their chil-\\ndren are Clara, born Dec. 9, 1849\\nWm. Henry, born March 25, 1852;\\nSamuel A., born Aug. 18, 1854 Frank-\\nlin C, born April 2, 1857; John A.,\\nborn Oct. 11, 1863. Member of the\\nKirkville Christian Church, with his\\nwife and two children. Has 254 acres\\nof real estate in this county, valued at\\n$10,200, and other property outside the\\ncounty limits.\\nGoodwin, Rolla, far.. Sees. 34 and 35\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGoodwin, Samuel H.\\nGourley, James R., far.. Sec. 11; P. 0.\\nKirkville.\\nGriffith, F., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nGriffith, T., far., Sec. 19 P. O. Kirkville.\\nHARLAN, J. A., far., Sec. 36 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nHAMIIiTOX, JONEPHH., far\\nSec. 1 5 P. 0. Kirkville born in\\nWashington Co., Penn., March 19,\\n1821 lived there until 24 years of\\nage removed to Jefferson Co., where\\nhe lived twenty-eight years came to\\nWapello Co., Iowa, in 1873. Married\\nDec. 3, 1846, Mary Johnson, of Har-\\nrison Co., Ohio, born March 29, 1821\\nhas one son living John A., born\\nJune 24, 1860 a daughter, Sarah E.,\\ndied at 5 years of age. Has always\\nfollowed farming, and is now beginning\\nthe business of raising fine-grade cattle.\\nHas 230 i acres of land, valued at\\n$10,000. Democrat. Presbyterian, as\\nis also his wife.\\nHARDESTEY, THOMAS, far\\nSec. 22 P. 0. Ottumwa born in Ran-\\ndolph Co., N. C, Jan. 11, 1811 came\\nto Parke Co., Ind., in 1832 two years\\nafter, removed to the Flint Hills, Black\\nHawk Purchase, Wisconsin Territory,\\nnear where Burlington, Iowa, now\\nstands in the fall of 1835, went to Ft.\\nMadison; in 1843, to Lee County; in\\nthe fall of 1845, located in Wapello Co.\\nMarch 8, 1842, Married Maria Stephen-\\nson, a native of Indiana, born in July,\\n1819, and died Feb. 28, 1868 their\\nchildren are William, born April 29,\\n1843 Elizabeth, born March 24. 1845\\nMary Ann, born Dec. 11, 1847 Han-\\nnah, born April 27, 1849; Samuel,\\nborn Dec. 20, 1855 Louisa, born June\\n24, 1858; Lincoln, born Oct. 29,1861.\\nHas given five of his children 1 00 acres\\nof land each, one 153 acres, and one\\n120 acres; holds 260 acres of land, val-\\nued at $10,500 the whole 1,033 acres\\nthe accumulations of his own honest in-\\ndustry since coming into the State a\\npoor man, without capital or education.\\nVoted the Greenback ticket in 1878.\\nHarris, R. G., far., Sec. 35 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nHarrison, Wm., teamster, Kirkville.\\nHaskett, S. A., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nHill, J., far., Sec. 23; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHirst, W., far.. Sec. 21 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nHouse, A., retired far., Kirkville.\\nTOHNSON, R. P., merchant, Kirkville.\\nJones, Hulbert, shoemaker, Kirkville.\\nJones, 0., far.. Sees. 5 and 8 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nJohnston, E., far., S. 5 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nKIRKPATRICK, GEORGE W.,\\nmerchant, Kirkville.\\nKerfoot, E. C.\\nKirkpatrick, H. K., far., S. 2 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0625.jp2"}, "626": {"fulltext": "626\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nKIRKPATRICK, JOHX, re-\\ntired farmer, Kirkville born in Guern-\\nsey Co., Ohio, Aug. 25, 1808 removed\\nto Vermilion Co., 111., at 26 years of\\nage, and from there to Wapello Co.,\\nIowa, in Au j:ust, 1844. Married Mary\\nAnn Kyger Sept. 9, 1830 she was a\\nnative of Monroe Co., Ohio born Feb.\\n5, 1811 their children now living are\\nHannah Jane, born Dec. 8, 1833;\\nHenry R., born June 29, 1842 Thomas,\\nMay 29, 1848; John M., Jan. 19, 1852.\\nAll members of the M. E. Church is\\na Republican. Has never sought office\\nor inclined to public life, but has served\\nhis county as Supervisor. Holds about\\n$4,000 of real estate in his own hands,\\nand has a life interest in property valued\\nat SI 1,000 more.\\nKirkpatrick, John M., far., Sec. 4 P. 0.\\nKirkville.\\nKetterman, Samuel, for., S. 22 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nKerlin, G. A., far.,S. 20 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKurtz, Peter.\\nLOCK, THOMAS P., farmer. Sec. 14\\nP. O. Ottumwa.\\nL.AXDIS, J. P., farmer, Sec. 7 P.\\n0. Kirkville; born in Cumberland Co.,\\nPenn., Nov. 20, 1832 his parents, Ja-\\ncob and Mary Landis, were natives of\\nPennsylvania his mother was left a\\nwidow with four children married\\nGeorge Failyer. J. P. Landis, the\\nyoungest of the family, was a young\\nchild at the time of his mother s second\\nmarriage. Has never married. Is a\\nDemocrat. Has 148 acres of land in\\nColumbia Tp., valued at $3,000 has\\nnever prospected for coal on his property,\\nbut there is a paying vein of good coal\\nfour feet thick opened within half a mile\\nof his land.\\nLoving, Orville, carpenter, Kirkville.\\nMAJORS, JAMES, ^retired farmer\\nP. O. Kirkville.\\nMarshal, Joshua, farmer and coal dealer,\\nKirkville.\\nMARSHALL, RALPH, farmer,\\nSec. 23 P. 0. Ottumwa born in\\nBracken Co., Ky., Feb. 10, 1812 came\\nto Preble Co., Ohio, in 1814 in 1856,\\nmoved to Iowa and settled in Mahaska\\nCo, came to Richland Tp., Wapello\\nCo., in 1860. Married Jane B. Small,\\na native of Ohio, Jan. 25, 1838; their\\nchildren are W. P., born March 20,\\n1841; E. J., born Feb. 13, 1844. Mrs.\\nMarshall died May 3, 1844. Ralph Mar-\\nshall married on Oct. 4, 1845, Mary\\nHelm; born in Ohio May 31, 1825;\\ntheir children are Berentha A., born Nov.\\n13, 1846 Sarah E., born May 27,\\n1848; Sylvester H., born June 13,\\n1850 Emma S., born May 28, 1852\\nMargaret died at 13 years of age; Caro-\\nline died in infancy Sophronia A., born\\nMay 6, 1860 Marion C, born Feb. 7,\\n1862 Ziba Allen, born July 4, 1864.\\nDemocrat. Voted for Jackson when\\nelected President. Was Justice of the\\nPeace in Mahaska Co., Iowa. Owns 160\\nacres of real estate, forty of it valuable\\ncoal land the whole valued at $6,500.\\nHas a small dairy of seven cows.\\nMarshall, S. H.,far., S. 23 P. O. Ottumwa.\\nMICHAEL, ADDISON, Sec. 30\\nP. 0. Chillicothe was born in Rocking-\\nham Co., W. Va., March 8, 1820 came\\nto Iowa in 1841, locating in Van Buren\\nCo., which was then the line between\\nthe whites and Indians. Married Dec.\\n18. 1843, Mary J. Sailor born in Indian-\\napolis Nov. 10, 1827 died March 4,\\n1850 has had four children, only one\\nis living Sarah F., born at Fort Des\\nMoines Oct. 20, 1845 married W. G.\\nBall. The others are deceased Eunice\\nA., born July 19, 1847; George H.,\\nborn Jan. 29, 1849 Mary J., born Feb.\\n19, 1850. Enlisted as Chief Cook and\\nRegimental Tailor in the 7th Iowa V.\\nC. at Des Moines, Feb. 17, 1862, and\\nwas on duty on the plains among the\\nIndians four and one half years. Demo-\\ncrat. Resides with his daughter in Rich-\\nland Tp. Was the first Justice of the\\nPeace in Des Moines City elected to\\nthat office in 1846, there being then but\\nthree in Polk Co. At the election in\\n1848, was made Clerk, Collector, Treas-\\nurer and Recorder of the county.\\nMoore, D., far.. See. 19; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nMuldoon, M., far S. 23 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMurray, W. A., far., S. 25 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMcCarroll, R. S., farmer, Sec. 6 P. O.\\nKirkville.\\nMcClure, J., far., Sec. 5 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nMcCOLLOUGH, SAMUEL,\\nfar., Sec. 10; P. 0. Kirkville; born in\\nWestmoreland Co., Penn., Dec. 7, 1831\\ncame to Van Buren Co., Iowa, at 19", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0626.jp2"}, "627": {"fulltext": "RICHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\n627\\nyears of age remained a few months\\nremoved to Wapello Co. with his father,\\nDavid McCollough, who died Sept. 29,\\n1872. Married April 10, 1856, Ann\\nEliza, danghter of Dr. Kirkpatrick, of\\nVermilion Co., 111., where she was born\\nMarch 27, 1841 their children are\\nMary Jane, born Jan. 20, 1857 J. A.\\nM., born Nov. 8, 1858 Thomas H., born\\nJan. 1, 1861 Ira K, born Oct. 5,\\n1865; Margaret M., Jan. 15, 1870;\\nDavid H., Jan. 22, 1875. Parents and\\nthree oldest children members of the\\nKirkville Presbyterian Church Mr.\\nMcCollough has been Township Trustee\\nand Clerk, and County Supervisor is\\nalso a ruling Elder in the Presbyterian\\nChurch has 160 acres of real property,\\nvalued at $6,000.\\nMcCFKK, J. H., physician and sur-\\ngeon, Kirkville born in Canton, 111.,\\nJune 3, 1846 came to Fairfield, Iowa,\\nwhen a boy, and from there to Mifflin\\nCo., Penn. in 1866, studied his pro-\\nfession with Dr. Rothrock McVeyton,\\nand after one course of medical lect-\\nures, in Keokuk, commenced practice\\nin Wapello Co. in 1870; after practi-\\ncing three years, entered Rush Medical\\nCollege, Chicago, for a second course of\\nlectures, and graduated from that insti-\\ntution in spring of 1874. May 7,\\n1873, married Anna E. Narver, of Osca-\\nloosa, Iowa, who was born in that city\\nMarch 3, 1853 have one child Lillie,\\nborn Sept. 1, 1876. Members of the\\nPresbyterian Church. Is actively en-\\ngaged in the practice of his profession.\\nMcGlasson, Gr. B., miller, Kirkville.\\nMcGrlasson, J. S., physician, Kirkville.\\nMcGlasson, J. W., far. P. 0. Kirkville.\\nMcGlasson, L. D., far. P. 0. Kirkville.\\nMcLain, Wilson, far.. Sec. 18; P.O.Kirk-\\nville.\\nMcMullen, James, far., Sec. 24 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nMcNair, F. L., far.. Sec. 16 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nMcNair, J. M., far., S. 16, P. 0. Kirkville.\\nOWENS, J. J., farmer and teamster,\\nSec. 7 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nOCjJDEN, JAMES M., farmer. Sec.\\n15 P. 0. Kirkville born in Parke\\nCo., Ind., June 27, 1837 came to Ma-\\nhaska Co., Iowa, in the fall of 1844;\\nenlisted July 21, 1862, in Company E,\\n33d Iowa Infantry, as a musician dis-\\ncharged Aug. 17, 1865. April 2, 1867,\\nmarried Lavina J. Snyder, who was\\nkilled in the Mercer Co. tornado July\\n4, 1876 (with her little daughter Grace,\\naged 65 years), leaving two children,\\nHenrietta, born Nov. 13, 1872, and\\nMary E., born May 5, 1876; July 2,\\n1878, married Alice J., daughter of\\nAbraham Sinard, one of the pioneers\\nof Wapello Co., who was born in Bour-\\nbon Co., Ky., June 21, 1791 removed\\nto Ohio in 1796 to Sangamon Co.,\\n111., in 1819, and to Wapello Co., Iowa,\\nin 1845. Mr. Sinard was married Sept.\\n2, 1810, to Mary Lewis, born in Ken-\\ntucky May 22, 1792, and who died Jan.\\n9, 1858 their children were Thos. J.,\\nborn June 20, 1 8 1 1 deceased John L.,\\nborn Dec. 14, 1813; Eliza R., born June\\n24, 1815, deceased William, born June\\n1, 1818, deceased Belinda, born Feb.\\n14, 1820, deceased Susanna C, born\\nDec. 23, 1821, deceased; Mary Ann,\\nborn Oct. 27, 1823, deceased Cyrus,\\nborn Oct. 14, 1825 Abraham, born\\nJuly 5, 1827 AHce J., born March 26,\\n1830 David and Jacob, born March\\n14, 1832, died in infancy Abraham\\nSinard died July 22, 1871. Mr. Ogden\\nis living on the oid Sinard homestead\\nhas eighty acres of land, valued at\\n$3,600. Republican member of the\\nBaptist Church Mrs. Ogden is a mem-\\nber of the M. E. Church.\\nPAGE, I. E.,merchant and Postmaster;\\nKirkville.\\nParker, H., far.. Sec. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nParker, H. J., far., S. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nParker, John W,, far., Sec. 26; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nParks, John, far., S. 27 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nPelham, W. S.,fiir.,S.16; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nPICKEX, J. E., larmer. Sec. 11\\nP. 0. Kirkville bora in Harrison Co.,\\nOhio, April 5, 1837 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1848 settled in Richland Tp.\\nJuly 7, 1869. Married Eliza B. Lyons,\\nnative of Pennsylvania, born in Alle-\\ngheny Co. March 17, 1847 have had\\nsix children, two only living Nettie,\\nborn Feb. 8, 1872; Gracie, born Aug.\\n29, 1877. Republican cast his first\\nvote for Abraham Lincoln in Sierra Co.,\\nCal., and was on the Pacific coast from\\n1857 until after the war closed owns", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0627.jp2"}, "628": {"fulltext": "628\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\n240 acres of real estate, valued at\\n$9,600.\\nPIKE, Gf. W., carpenter and farmer,\\nSec. 7 P. O. Kirkville born in Dear-\\nborn Co., Ind., Nov. 11, 1815; in the\\nspring of 1847, moved over the line into\\nBoone Co., Ky.; in the spring of 1850,\\ncame into Wapello. In February,\\n1887, married Catharine Reggs, a native\\nof Chautauqua Co., who died in AugTist,\\n1839. Sept. 29, 1842, married Pru-\\ndence J. Ross, born in Dauphin Co.,\\nPenn., Jan. 11, 1822; has had ten\\nchildren, only two of whom are living,\\nviz., Mary C., born Nov. 20, 1845\\nmarried Meares C. Halloway Martha\\nE., born Sept. 22, 1863; one son was\\nin the army nearly two and one-half\\nyears died May 30, 1877. Independ-\\nent in politics Methodist in religion,\\nwith his wife and daughter. Owns 40\\nacres of land, worth SI, 000.\\nPike, John B., prop, saw-mill, Kirkville.\\nPitman, W. A., blacksmith, Kirkville.\\npEECE, A. J., farmer, Kirkville.\\nReese, C. W., plasterer, Kirkville.\\nReeves, Geo., far., S. 13 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nReeves, R. T., far., S. 22 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRichards, H., far.,S. 25; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRiley M., far., S. 28 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRiley, P., far., S. 32 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRoop, A., miller, Kirkville.\\nRowland, John, farmer, Ottumwa.\\nRubel, John W., far., S. 20 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nRubel, M. E. S., far., S. 17 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nRunyan, J. A., engr. grist-mill, Kirkville.\\nSANDERS, C. T., f\\\\ir., S. 8 P. 0.\\nKirkville.\\nShrader, G. B., far., S. 3 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nSinnard, Cyrus, druggist, Kirkville.\\nSloan, W. M., far., S. 28 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSI.UTTS, THEOPHIL.ITS, far.,\\nSec. 8 P. O. Kirkville born in Tus-\\ncarawas Co., Ohio, July 18, 1823.\\nMarried in his native county, and came\\nto Iowa in the fall of 1863; was en-\\ngaged in merchandising at Zoar Station,\\non a branch of the Cleveland Wells-\\nville R. R., at the same time conducting\\nthe business of the station and carry-\\ning on farming. April 9, 1846, mar-\\nried Eliza Reed she was born in Har-\\nrison Co., Ohio, July 20, 1826; their\\nchildren are William, born Nov. 16,\\n1846 (died in infancy) Rebecca,\\nSept. 24, 1848; Henrietta, Oct. 28,\\n1850 John, Dec. 3, 1852 B. F.,\\nApril 15, 1855; Deborah, Oct. 31,\\n1857; Angelina, Nov. 1, 1859; Mag-\\ngie L., Aug. 22, 1862 all but youngest\\nchild are members of the M. E. Church.\\nWas a member of the Board of Super-\\nvisors for Wapello Co. one term. Owns\\n235 acres of land, valued at $10,500.\\nMrs. Slutts lost three brothers in the\\nUnion army during the late war Jacob\\nand Daniel died in hospital of disease\\ncontracted in the service Franklin was\\ntaken prisoner at the battle of Chicka-\\nmauga, and died in pi ison in Kentucky\\ndate of death unknown.\\nSpeer, A. P., far., S. 4 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nSpeer, R. G., far., S. 3 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nSPEXCER, I. W., former, Sec. 29\\nP. 0. Kirkville born in Berkshire Co.,\\nMass., Jan. 26, 1813 went into Spring-\\nfield, Ohio, in 1832 engaged in mer-\\nchandising in 1866 removed to Wapel-\\nlo Co.; since, has been farming. Mar-\\nried Feb. 21, 1838, Rezia Houck she\\nwas born in Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 3,\\n1817 had eight children, four living\\nWilliam F., born Jan. 23, 1840 Mary\\nA., Oct. 22, 1846 I. Albert, Dec. 31,\\n1851, and Ellen, Sept. 10, 1854. Had\\none son and one son-in-law in the U. S.\\narmy William F., his son, entered the\\narmy with the 45th Ohio V. I., and was\\nin service with the army of the Ten-\\nnessee about three years was in the bat-\\ntles of Knoxville, Atlanta, Franklin,\\nNashville and all the engagements under\\nThomas after Sherman left for the sea.\\nMembers of the Presbyterian Church.\\nOwns 120 acres of real estate, valued\\nat $4,500. Hard-money Republican.\\nSPRY, H. N., farmer and thresher.\\nSec. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa born in\\nChampaign Co., Ohio, June 2, 1832\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1866. Married\\nOct. 30, 1856, to Emerilla Bane, native\\nof Ohio; she was born April 7, 1837\\ntheir children are John H., born Oct.\\n13, 1857 Sarah Alice, Nov. 7, 1859\\nSusan Louisa, Sept. 4, 1864 George\\nFranklin, Nov. 14, 1867 Dora E., Oct.\\n14, 1871, and Nellie, June 14, 1874.\\nRepublican, but not a strict partisan\\nmember of the M. E. Church, with wife", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0628.jp2"}, "629": {"fulltext": "RICHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\n629\\nand one child. Owns 1-40 acres of land,\\nvalued at $5,600.\\nSpurgeon, C. F., far.. Sec. 15; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nSpurgeon, Samuel, Sec. 15, Ottumwa.\\nStephenson, J., Justice of the Peace, Kirk-\\nville.\\nStoops, W. R., far., S. 32 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nStrawn, N., farmer and blacksmith, S. 10;\\nP. 0. Kirkville.\\nTAYLOR, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 13\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nThomas, B. F., far., Sec. 10 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nThompson, A. H., farmer and coal-miner.\\nSec. 21 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nThompson, John P., far., S. 7 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nThompson, T. J., far.. Sec. 9 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nThompon, W., far.. Sec. 36 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nTIXDEL.I., R. H., farmer, Sec. 27\\nP. 0. Ottumwa; born in Knox Co.,\\nEast Tenn., Jan 30, 1821 came to Car-\\nroll Co., Ind., at 8 years of age then to\\nIowa in 1848 settled in Wapello Co.,\\nand followed his trade as a carpenter for\\nsome years. Married Angelina Sloan, a\\nnativeof Blount Co., Tenn., Feb. 20,\\n1851 she was born March 17, 1820\\nthey have four children Margaret, born\\nNov. 20, 1852; Ellen, born Aug. 2,\\n1854; Nancy, born Feb. 25, 1857;\\nAmelia, born April 3, 1860. All mem-\\nbers of the M. E. Church. Has 108\\nacres of farming land and some town\\nproperty, valued at $6,200.\\nTYLER, THOMAS D., farmer,\\nSec. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa born in West-\\nfield, Chautauqua Co., Aug. 19,1832; re-\\nmoved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1841\\nthence to California in October, 1853 re-\\nturned East in 1863 came to Ohio and\\nsettled in Richland Tp. Married by Rev.\\nJ. McElroy, Dec. 21, 1865, to Sarah Ann\\nWale, a native of Ohio born in Colum-\\nbiana Co. Feb. 25, 1840 their children\\nare Minnie A., born Sept. 22, 1866\\nPolly F., April 21, 1870; Carrie May,\\nborn June 20, 1873; Nellie G., born\\nOct. 26, 1878. Republican members\\nof the M. E. Church. Owns 160 acres\\nof land, valued at $8,000. Has a small\\nselect herd of 8hort-horns, and is intend-\\ninar to make the breedin of that stock\\na specialty in connection with pure\\nPoland-China hogs.\\nTucker, M. V., miller, Kirkville.\\nT^TAXDERPOL-Ii, A. J., far S.\\nV 28; P.O. Ottumwa; born in Gel-\\nderland Co., Holland, Aug. 10, 1825\\nemigrated to America, landing in New\\nOrleans in March, 1847; settled in\\nWapello Co. in May following. May 1\\n1856, married Catherine Riley, of Co.\\nMeath, Ireland of their nine children,\\nsix are living Michael Thomas, born\\nJuly 10, 1859 John A., born April\\n16,1861; Rosa Ann, born Feb. 14,\\n1863; Catherine Gertrude, born June\\n10, 1867; Patrick, born March 10,\\n1871 Joseph, born June 15, 1876.\\nMembers of the Catholic Church.\\nOwns 150 acres of land, and four town\\nlots, valued at $5,000, all of which have\\nbeen accumulated by hard toil and\\npatient industry.\\nTTTARD, D. C, carpenter, Kirkville.\\nW A D D E I. L J. N., physician,\\nKirkville son of Dr. Abraham Wad-\\ndell (the first white child born in the\\nState of Ohio); was born in Knox Co.,\\nOhio, June, 7, 1817 studied medicine\\nwith his uncle in Nashville, Holmes Co.,\\nOhio graduated at the Phopopath\\nMedical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, in\\n1844; came to Iowa in April, 1853\\nsettled in Keokuk Co., for the practice\\nof medicine; in 1866, removed to his\\npresent residence in Kirkville. Jan.\\n26, 1843, married Sarah Drake, of\\nHolmes Co., Ohio, born Dec. 24, 1824\\nhave eight children Rachel J., born\\nSept. 27, 1845; Jessie W., Aug. 31,\\n1847 Sarah A., born June 15, 1850\\nRussell A., born Sept. 3, 1852; Aus-\\ntralia K., born Jan. 19, 1855 Cuba C,\\nborn May 15, 1857 Lowell W., born\\nMay 14, 1859 Emma M., born Aug.\\n1,1863. Republican; members of the\\nM. E. Church. His property lies\\nprincipally in Mahaska Co.; has seventy-\\neight acres in Wapello, valued at$6,000.\\nWareham, E. A., wagon maker, Kirkville.\\nWEBBER, H. A., superintendent\\nof cheese-factory. Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nOttumwa; born in Canton Schaf-\\nhausen, Switzerland, Aug. 20, 1839\\nemigrated to America in 1852, landing\\nin New Orleans in May of that year", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0629.jp2"}, "630": {"fulltext": "630\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nspent three years in Cleveland, Ohio\\nthen went into Geauga Co. Enlisted\\nin the 41st Ohio Infantry was wound-\\ned at the battle of Chickamauga, and\\ntaken prisoner, but was released on\\nparole ten days afterward, and exchanged\\nMay 16, 1864. Was in the service near-\\nly four years; participated in the battles\\nof Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga,\\nLookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and\\nNashville was mustered out in the\\nwinter of 1864. Returned to Geauga\\nCo., Ohio, and, in 1872, came to Chi-\\ncago, 111.; engaged in contracting and\\nteaming; left there in the spring of\\n1878, and established a cheese-factory\\nin Richland Tp., Wapello Co., which\\nhas a capacity of 500 cows markets in\\nSt. Louis, Kansas City, and the West\\nsells largely in the home market. Mar-\\nried Jan. 26, 1865, Susan R. Crafts,\\nborn in Geauga Co., Ohio, July 18,\\n1846 their daughter Carrie was born\\nJune 6, 1873. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch. Real estate one acre value,\\nwith factory, $1,000. Republican.\\nWest, Samuel, far., S. 14 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nWILLIAMS, R. E., farmer, Sec.\\n29 P. 0. Chillicothe born in Muskin-\\ngum Co., Ohio, Jan. 15, 1843; settled\\nin Wapello Co. in the spring of 1851.\\nMarried Jan. 25, 1866, Catharine J.\\nSimmons, who was born in Harrison\\nCo., Ohio, Oct. 8, 1846; their children\\nare Thomas S., born Nov. 24, 1866\\nRichard E., born May 1, 1868; Mary,\\nborn Aug. 23, 1869 Rodolpho, born\\nJune 2, 1870 Margaret R., born Dec.\\n13, 1871 Franklin B., born Aug. 26,\\n1874; Blanche, born March 16, 1876;\\nCora, born April 23, 1878. Democrat.\\nEnlisted March 6, 1862, in Company E,\\n17th Iowa Infantry served in the Army\\nof the Tennessee; was in the battles of\\nluka, Corinth, Jacksonville, Tunnel\\nHill, Lookout and Kenesaw Mountains,\\nand Vicksburg was taken prisoner\\nat Tilton, Ga., about the middle of Oc-\\ntober, 1864, and taken to Cohobby\\nprison in Alabama started for Ander-\\nsonville when within fourteen miles of\\nthat historic horror he escaped, and with\\none companion reached the Union lines\\nat Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 21, 1864\\nwas wounded in the head at the battle\\nd knocked se nse 1 1 serve\\nin all three years three months sevens\\ndays. Owns ninety-six acres of x eal\\nproperty, valued at $3,750.\\nWillis, John, far., S. 11 P. 0. Kirkville.\\nWILSOX, H. C, farmer, Sec. 25\\nP. 0. Ottuniwa born in Fayette Co.,\\nInd.. Sept. 30, 1829 came to Rich-\\nland Tp., Wapello Co., in 1851. Mar-\\nried, July 27, 1857, Lucy A. Whit-\\ncomb, who was born in Elyria, Ohio,\\nMai ch 2, 1830 children are Blanche\\nM., born Dec. 17, 1858 Lucy, born\\nJuly 27, 1863; Nora, born Sept. 18,\\n1865 Eddie M., born Feb. 8, 1868\\nFay F., born May 2, 1870 Effie 0.,\\nborn Dec. 30,1872. Republican. Owns\\n137 acres of real estate, valued at\\n$6,000.\\nWilson, Ira, far.. Sec. 25 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWILSO^f, J. M., farmer. Sec. 26;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa born in Clarion Co.,\\nPenn., May 15, 1823 moved to Jones\\nCo., Iowa, fall of 1855; to Wapello Co.\\nin 1864. May 14, 1846, married Jane\\nC. Guthrie, native of Pennsylvania b rn\\nJune 11, 1823 has six children living\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mary 0., born May 28, 1847\\nChambers M., died at 17 years of age\\nThomas A., born March 27, 1851\\nHamilton C., born Sept. 16, 1853\\nGeorge A., born April 9, 1856 Ida\\nJane, born July 21, 1858; Clara, born\\nDec. 17, 1866. Members of Presby-\\nterian Church, also four of their chil-\\ndren Republican. Owns 160 acres of\\nland and some town property within the\\ncounty limits, valued at $9,200.\\nWinsell, W. A., far., S. 5; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nWittenmyer, J., far., S. 20 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville.\\nWOOD, Z. W., far., S. 29 P. 0.\\nKirkville born in Putnam Co., Ind.,\\nAug. 6, 1838 in the spring of 1850,\\ncame to Wapello Co. Married Jan. 2,\\n1862, L. A. Sellars; born in Clinton\\nCo., Ohio, Aug. 11, 1839; had five\\nchildren, four living F. M., born Nov.\\n1, 1863; William H., Jan. 29, 1866;\\nJames D., May 22, 1869; May Ellen,\\nborn Sept. 24, 1872, died Nov. 11,\\n1876 Emma May, born May 16, 1878.\\nRepublican. Owns eighty acres of real\\nproperty has a nice orchard of 140\\nfruit-trees, valued at $2,800.\\nZENTS, ISRAEL, far., S. 9 P. 0.\\nKirkville.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0630.jp2"}, "631": {"fulltext": "DAHLONEGA TOWNSHIP.\\n631\\nDAHLONEGA TOWNSHIP.\\nANDERSON, W. A., carp., Dahlo-\\nnega.\\nBEDELL, DAVID E., far., S. 12\\nand 1 P. 0. Agency City.\\nBARE, J. v., far., S. 5 P. 0. Dahl-\\nonega born in Licking Co.., Ohio,\\nFeb. 10, 1825; came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1865. Married Miss Sarah A.\\nPeugli in 1846 she was born in Wash-\\nington Co., Ohio died in October,\\n1855 married again Miss Carrie Buck-\\nhalter she was born in Ohio in 1839;\\nhas a family of two children A. W.\\nand R. A. (now Mrs. Merrill). Mrs\\nB. is a member of the M. E. Church.\\nMr. B. stands neutral in politics. Owns\\n252J acres of land, valued at $35 per\\nacre.\\nBedell, J. E., far., Sec. 2; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nBOATMAX, R. J.\\nBobinmyer, B., far., S. 17; P.O. Dahlo-\\nnega.\\nBowlin, J., retired merchant, Dahlonega.\\nBoyce, A. M., far., S. 13 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nBurley, J., potter, S. 8 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nBurns, A. J., farmer and Justice of the\\nPeace, S. 14 P. 0. Agency City.\\nCLAPP, LEWIS A., far., S. 4 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nClapp, P. L., far., S. 8 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nCramer, L. B., far., S. 14 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nCreamer, S. K., far., S. 14 P. O. Agency\\nCity,\\nCUNJVIN\u00e2\u0082\u00ac}HAM, W. W., farmer.\\nSec. 3 P. 0. Dahlonega born in\\nPerry Co., Ohio, Dec. 29, 1832, and\\nlived there till 1864; then moved to\\nDelaware Co., Ohio, and lived there till\\n1869, when he came to Wapello Co.\\nMarried Miss Elizabeth Hussey April\\n10, 1860 she was born in Licking Co.,\\nOhio; died June 24, 1868; married\\nagain Feb. 26, 1871, to Miss Sophia\\nKisick she was born in Perry Co.,\\nOhio, 1840; Mr. C. has a family of\\nfive children Eliza, born Sept. 1, 1861\\nRobert, born Nov. 23, 1862 William\\nW., born Oct. 10, 1864; John W.,\\nborn Jan. 10, 1866 Annie W., born\\nMarch 12, 1874. Democrat. Has 648\\nacres of land in Wapello Co., and a half\\ninterest in 800 acres in Keokuk Co.,\\nvalued at $35 per acre.\\nDIMMIT, WILLIAM M., far., Sec.\\n10 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nG^ ILTNER, GEORGE W., far., Sec.\\nJ 11 P. 0. Agency City.\\nGiltner, J., Sec. 14 P. 0. Ag ^cncy City.\\nGiltner, Milton, farmer. Sec. 10 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nGiltner, William, Sr., far.. Sec. 15; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nGiltner, William, Jr., Sec. 15 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nGoehring, Lewis, farmer and cabinet-\\nmaker. Sec. 8 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nGaudy, Jacob B., farmer, Sec. 3 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nTTANLEY, F. W.\\nHartley, James C, carpenter, Dahlonega.\\nKITTERMAN, JOHN M., farmer,\\nSec. 15; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKITTERMAX, PETER, farmer,\\nSec. 15; P. 0. Ottumwa; born in\\nFranklin Co., Va., Dec. 10,1809; went\\nto Perry Co., Ind., and there learned\\nthe blacksmith trade. Married Miss\\nElizabeth Redman March 9, 1834;\\ncame to Wapello Co. June, 1843. Mr.\\nK. is the only one of the first settlers\\nof Dahlonega Tp. left he took a hand\\nin the Dahlonega war, which was a hand-\\nto-hand fight on account of some dis-\\npute about their claims Mr. K. has\\nfive children W. H., Elizabeth A.,\\nnow Mrs. Giltner; E. C, J. N., J. P.,\\nand three dead Mr. K. owns 382 acres\\nof land, valued at $35 per acre. Dem-\\nocrat.\\nKitterman, W. H., far.. Sec. 15 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nKroeger, J. G., far., S. 9 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nLANE, LYSANDER, farmer; P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nLane, M. M., merchant, Dahlonega.\\nLowe, L., far., S. 4 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nMCCORMICK, GEORGE, farmer,\\nSec. 1 P. 0. Agency.\\nLowenberg, W., far. P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nMcCLrriNCi}, J. C, farmer, Sec. 9\\nP. 0. Dahlonega born in Garrard Co..\\nKy., May 19, 1808; came to Wapello", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0631.jp2"}, "632": {"fulltext": "632\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO CO UNI\\nCo. in 1847. Married Miss M. Chandler\\nApril 15, 1831; she died Sept. 16,\\n1834. Married Miss M, E. Scott May\\n16, 1837. Mr. McCIung served as Jus-\\ntice of the Peace four terms. Has a\\nfamily of six James S., born June 12,\\n1841; JohnS.,born June 24, 1845; Susie\\nF., born March 21, 1847 Martha M.,\\nborn June 3, 1849; M. H., Jan. 23,\\n1855 K B., Nov. 29, 1857, and R. E.,\\ntorn Jan. 25, 1840, died Dec. 28, 1860.\\nMembers of the Christian Church.\\nOwns 222 acres of land, valued at\\n18,000.\\nMacklin, R., far., S. 12 P. 0. Agency.\\nMoore, William, plasterer, Sec. 17 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nMulince, O., far. P. 0. Agency.\\n^VTEWMAN, JOHN 0., far., Sec.\\n_. 11 P. O. Agency.\\nDARNELL, JEREMIAH, carpenter,\\nDahlonega.\\nREEVE, JAMES A., farmer, Sec. 13\\nP. 0. Agency.\\nReinier, T., far., S. 4 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nROBINSOX, T. _C., farmer, Sec.\\n12 P. 0. Agency City; born in Alle-\\nghany Co., Md., April 22, 1848 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1858. Served two\\nyears in the army. Married Dec. 24,\\n1874, Miss Florence J. White; she was\\nborn Aug. 15, 1850 they have one\\nchild\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Amy C, born July 1, 1876.\\nRepublican.\\nROBIX$$ON, S. F., farmer, Sec.\\n12 P. 0. Agency City born in Alle-\\nghany Co., Md., June 22, 1850, and\\ncame to Wapello Co. Aug. 11, 1877.\\nMarried Miss Alice M. Bryant Feb.\\n22, 1876 she was born Feb. 20, 1860,\\nin Tennessee they have one child\\nGertrude, born Dec. 3, 1877. Repub-\\nlican.\\nRoquet, Fredrick, retired, Dahlonega.\\nRyan, T., far., S. 16 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nO EARLE, B. W., physician, Dahlonega.\\nSCHERTZ, JOSEPH, farmer,\\nSec. 4 P. 0. Dahlonega born in\\nFrance Jan. 9, 1812; came to Wapello\\nCo. in April, 1855 learned the trade\\nof miller in Ohio, and worked at it\\ntwenty years. Married Miss Katherine\\nLowenberg she died in 1857. Mar-\\nried again in 1858 to Miss Phebe Rit-\\nter she was born in Germany March 6,\\n1838 they have ten children George\\nF., Philip, Katherine, Theresa, Matilda,\\nElizabeth, Phebe, Joseph, Louisa; Car-\\noline and Flora. Mrs. S. is a member\\nof the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. S.\\nis a Dunkard Democrat.\\nSpurtz, Jos.\\nYABfWINKL.E, AliEX, far..\\nSec. 15 P. 0. Dahlonega born\\nMarch 22, 1810, in Perry Co., Ind.;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1850. Married\\nMiss Martha Thompson in 1847 she\\ndied in 1849. Married again Miss\\nJuliana Henry in the fall of 1852 she\\nwas born in Harrison Co., N. Y., in\\n1820; they have two children John\\nT., born Feb. 27, 1854, and Miles, born\\nSept. 27, 1856, and two dead Elizabeth\\nM. and Andrew. Members of the Bap-\\ntist Church. Owns eighty- four acres of\\nland, valued at $3,360.\\nWARD, E. S., physician, Dahlo-\\nnega.\\nWEBB, J. A., blacksmith, Dahlo-\\nnega born in Columbus, Ohio, Oct.\\n4, 1831 learned the trade of black-\\nsmith; came to Pulaski Co., Iowa, in\\nOctober, 1854 in 1856, came to Wapello\\nCo., where he has been working at his\\ntrade most of his time. Married in 1861\\nMiss Harriet Russell she was born July\\n25, 1841 they have two children Flora\\nB., born June 29, 1862, and Retta\\nJ., born Feb. 24, 1867. Mr. Webb\\nowns eighty acres of land, valued at $2,-\\n800. Republican.\\nWILLIAMSON, JAMES, far\\nSec. 9 P. 0. Dahlonega born in\\nRoss-shire, Scotland, Jan. 12, 1831\\ncame to Wapello Co., March 17, 1867.\\nMr. Williamson has improved four farms\\ngetting them under good cultivation\\nowns the one he lives on. Married\\nMiss Mattie L. Wilson she was born\\nin Howard Co., Ind., Jan. 8, 1855\\nthey have four children Wallace R.,\\nBerenice L., Elmer R. and Victor A.\\nOwns 127 acres of land, valued at\\n$40 per acre. Republican.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0632.jp2"}, "633": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP.\\n633\\nCOLUMBIA TOWNSHIP.\\nALLISON, CHARLES, far., S. 2\\nP. 0. Eddyville.\\nAlston, W. D., laborer, Eddyville.\\nAnderson, A., far., S. 31 P. 0. Dudley.\\nANDERSOX, JAMES, for.. Sec.\\n19; P. 0. Eddyville; born Jan. 11,\\n1823, in Hardin Co., Ky.; in 1824,\\ncame with his parents to Putnam Co.,\\nInd.; thence to Des Moines Co.; in\\n1845, came veith his brother to Monroe\\nCo.; in 1853, he removed to his present\\nfarm owns 200 acres of land, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Married Sarah Myers\\nMay 12, 1852; she was born in 1834\\nin Indiana had seven children four\\nliving Frank A., Eddie E., Laura E.\\nand Calvin H. Has been Township\\nTrustee and School Director. Repub-\\nlican.\\nAlfDERSON, J. Q., far., S. 18 P.\\nO. Eddyville born June 4, 1820, in\\nHardin Co., Ky.; in 1824, came with\\nhis parents to Indiana in 1836, re-\\nmoved to Burlington, Iowa, then to\\nWashington Co.; in 1858, came to\\nWapello Co.; then removed to Albia;\\nremained in Monroe Co. till 1869, when\\nbecame to his present farm owns 210\\nacres, valued at $30 per acre. Married\\nMary J. Myers in 1856 she was born\\nin 1835 in Indiana; have two children\\nDartha A. (now Mrs. Morse), and\\nSarah E. Is Justice of the Peace\\nhas held this office for the past fifteen\\nyears when in Monroe Co., held most\\nof the Township offices. Republican\\nAnderson, William, far.. Sec. 12; P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nBALLSBAUGH, AARON, ftir., S. 4;\\nP. 0. Eddyville.\\nBassinger, J., far., S. 5 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nBenedict, J. H., Justice of the Peace,\\nEddyville.\\nBerry, William, farmer, Eddyville.\\nBescoe, George, teamster, Eddyville.\\nBinder, Reuben, baker, Eddyville.\\nBishop, F., far., S. 2; P. 0. Eddyville.\\nBlack, A., far., S. 4 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nBomstart, A., saloon, Eddyville.\\nBOWER, WM. J., manufacturer of\\nboots and shoes. Bridge street, Eddy-\\nville born May 27, 1828, in Hamilton\\n,y Co., Ohio in 1854, came to Eddy ville\\nhas been engaged in his present business\\nfor the past fifteen years. His father\\ndied in 1862, in Keokuk, Iowa, aged 63\\nyears.\\nBoyd, James, blacksmith, Eddyville.\\nBOYD, R. W., attorney office on\\nSecond street, Eddyville born March 2,\\n1823, in Washington Co., Penn. when\\nan infant, came with his parents to Vir-\\nginia in 1839, came to Des Moines Co.\\nin 1848, removed to Eddyville and has\\nbeen a resident here since. Commenced\\nthe study of law in 1 850. Was elected\\nJustice of the Peace in 1858 held\\nthis position eight years and has prac-\\nticed law since has been Mayor, City\\nAttorney, etc. Married Lucinda Powers\\nAug. 18, 1850; she was born in Octo-\\nber, 1826, died March 23, 1877; have\\ntwo children Carrie A. and Harrie E.;\\nsecond marriage to Margaret A. Morrill\\nMay 6, 1878 she was born June 3,\\n1835, in New York. Republican.\\nBriggs, L. H., blacksmith, Eddyville.\\nBrod ^rick, W. P., boots and shoes, Eddy-\\nville.\\nBrown, John, far.. Sec. 11 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nBURG^ESS, JOHN W., farmer.\\nSec. 7 P. 0. Eddyville born July\\n26, 1838, in Indiana in 1853, came to\\nWapello Co., and to his present locality;\\nhe rents 320 acres land. Married Ma-\\ntilda Bennett in 1863 she was born in\\n1844, in Wapello Co. have seven chil-\\ndren Ada N., Emma, Mary, Hattie,\\nHenrietta, Sarah and an infant not\\nnamed. Democrat.\\nButcher, Richard, capitalist, Eddyville.\\nByram, Aaron, far.. Sec. 29 P.O. Dudley.\\nByram, L. C, far.. Sec. 30; P. 0. Dudley.\\nByram, Wm., far.. Sec. 31 P. 0. Dudley.\\nCARNIS, JOSHUA, far., Sec. 11;\\nP. 0. Eddyville.\\nChamberlain, G. W., drugs, Eddyville.\\nl^HAPMAN, W. H., far., Sec. 3;\\nP.O. Eddyville; born Feb. 3, 1827,\\nin Muskingum Co., Ohio in 1868,\\ncame to Missouri; the following year\\nremoved to Wapello Co. rents 720\\nacres land. Married Elizabeth Moyer\\nin 1852 she was born in 1836, in\\nFairfield Co., Ohio; have eight chil-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0633.jp2"}, "634": {"fulltext": "634\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\ndren Henry, Mary. Marietta, William,\\nEdward, Wells, Ella and Daisey. En-\\nlisted in 1864, Co. I, 159th Ohio V. I.\\nserved five months. Member of Lutheran\\nChurch Republican.\\nChisman, B. F., far., S. 80 P. 0. Dudley.\\nClark, Hugh, Sr., far., Sec. 3 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nCogley, James, far., Sec. 20 P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe.\\nCOOK, DAVID, SR., far., Sec. 2;\\nP. 0. Eddyville born Feb. 24, 1809,\\nin Fayette Co., Penn when an infant\\ncame to Ohio with his parents in 1850,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; he owns 160\\nacres land which he entered from the\\nGovernment. Married Amelia Smith\\nAug. 28, 1832; she was born July 11,\\n1817, in Penn.; had nineteen children,\\nthirteen living Walter, Daniel, Eliza-\\nbeth, Amelia, Abner, Jessie, David D.,\\nMargaret A., Smith, Isaac, James, Val-\\nentine and Easter. Republican.\\nCooper, Robert, far., Sec. 8 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nCook, David D., far.. Sec. 2 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nCornell, F. C, Dr. Eddyville.\\nCowley. Frank, clerk, Eddyville.\\nCowley, James, clerk, Eddyville.\\nCowley, Wm., clerk, Eddyville.\\nCourts, Joseph E., far., Sec. 23 Eddy-\\nville.\\nCrossen, A., brickmason, Eddyville.\\nDANFORTH, H. N., woolen manu-\\nfacturing, Eddyville.\\nDashields, G. W., far., Sec. 16; P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nDavidson, D. M., far., Sec. 23; P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nDenham, John, harness-maker, Eddyville.\\nDixon, Jacob, laborer, Eddyville.\\nDotts, Phillip, far., Sec. 3; P. O. Eddy-\\nville.\\nDunkle, Thomas, far., Sec. 19; P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nEDWARD, W. A., hostler, Eddy-\\nville.\\nElder, Isaac, far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nEpperson, F. M., merchant, Eddyville.\\nXnESLER, N., undertaker, Eddyville.\\nFAST, A., attorney office on\\nBridge street, Eddyville born Jan. 5,\\n1844, in Ashland Co., Ohio; in March,\\n1872, removed to Eddyville; in 1868,\\nhe commenced the study of law, and\\ngraduated in 1870 at the Michigan Uni-\\nversity, Ann Arbor then went to Eu-\\nrope remained there about one year,\\npart of the time engaged in law studies\\nthen as an observer in the Franco-Prus-\\nsian war with the French and Bedgian\\narmies was elected a member of the\\nState Legislature in the fall of 1877,\\nrepresenting Wapello Co. Enlisted in\\n1862 in Co. K, 102d Ohio V. I.; served\\ntill May, 1865. Married Miss R. M.\\nCooper July 21, 1874 she was born in\\nOhio have two children Judsou\\nCooper and Imogene Catharine, aged,\\nrespectively 3 and 1 year. Democrat.\\nFish, John M., merchant, Eddyville.\\nFitzgerald, M., section hand, Eddyville.\\nFranzen, P. J., butcher, Eddyville.\\nFrench, J. C., merchant, Eddyville.\\nFry, Thos., far., S. 20 P. O. Eddyville.\\nFRY, WILIilAlI, farmer. Sec. 11\\nP. 0. Eddyville; born Feb. 8, 1827, in\\nEngland in 1865, came to Wapello\\nCo.; owns 822 acres of land came to\\nAmerica in 1848. Married Mary Will-\\niams in 1854; she was born July 4,\\n1835, in Pennsylvania; have seven\\nchildren Thomas, Laura, Sarah, Will-\\niam, Oliver S., Elmira A. and Emma.\\nRepublican members M. E. Church.\\nQALLAGHER, MICHAEL, section\\nhand, Eddyville.\\nGardner, James W., far.. Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nGardner, Joseph, far.. Sec. 22 P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nGarwood, I. J., physician, Eddyville.\\nGillett, J. B., blacksmith, Eddyville.\\nGilson, George W., prop. Clipper House,\\nEddyville.\\nGISH, JOHX H., SR., miller,\\nEddyville; born March 1, 1813, in\\nCumberland Co., Penn. in 1833, came\\nto Ohio thence to Indiana; in 1856,\\ncame to Eddyville, and has been en-\\ngaged in the milling business since then.\\nHas been Alderman, School Director\\nand Town Treasurer. Married M. H.\\nJones in 1837 she was born in 1823,\\nin Meigs Co., Ohio had seven chil-\\ndren, four living Fannie, John H.,\\nJennie and Louie. Republican mem-\\nbers of the Congregational Church.\\nGlenn, J. S., far., S. 4 P. 0. Eddyville.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0634.jp2"}, "635": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP.\\n635\\nGOIiDBACH, H. J., manufacturer\\nof boots and shoes, Brido-e st. residence\\nEddyville; he was born Dec. lO, 1829,\\nin Holland in 1855, came to Marion\\nCo., Iowa; in 1857, removed to Ma-\\nhaska Co. in 1860, came to Eddyville\\nand continued his present business\\nowns his residence in Edd3 ville, which\\ncost $10,000 he also owns other prop-\\nerty in the city. Married B. C. Colen-\\nbrender in 1853 in Holland she was\\nborn in 1829 in Holland had eight\\nchildren, five living Henry A., Cor-\\nnelia M., Margaretta, Cora A. and Dan-\\niel L. Members of the Congregational\\nChurch Bepublican.\\nGrimes, Frank, section hand, Eddyville.\\nGuinn, D. C, carpenter, Eddyville.\\nHAYES, DENNIS, farmer, Sec. 32\\nP. 0. Dudley.\\nHarrio, James T. Eddyville.\\nHE ACOCK, CA liEB, farmer, Sec.\\n10; P. 0. Eddyville; born Feb. 23,\\n1814, in Washington Co., Penn. in\\n1834, came to Portage Co., Ohio; in\\n1849, came to Wapello Co. and entered\\n160 acres of land; now owns 228 acres,\\nvalued at $30 per acre. Married Sarah\\nJ. Graham June 27, 1832 she was\\nborn Sept. 15, 1814, in Fayette Co.,\\nPenn. had eight children, five living\\nRebecca, now Mrs. Ellison Eliza E.,\\nnowMrs. McLehaney Miriam, now Mrs.\\nMcLain Permelia J., now Mrs. Gour-\\nley, and Ann Belle William A. enlisted\\nin 1861, in Co. 1, 1st Inf I. V. I. was\\nkilled on White River, Ark., in April,\\n1862. Have been members of the M.\\nE. Church since 1832 Republican.\\nHeacock, S. P., far., S. 27 P. 0. Dudley.\\nHeskit, S. A., far., S. 2 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nHite, A. K., physician, Eddyville.\\nHoes, R., far., S. 17 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nHogan, Barney, section hand, Eddyville.\\nJ VES, MARY W., HR|i$., daugh-\\nJ_ ter of Oliver Eastman and widow of\\nH. D. Ives residence Eddyville he\\nwas born in 1814, in Connecticut; he\\nattended the Yale Law School in New\\nHaven, Conn., and graduated in 1846;\\nthen removed to Eddyville and com-\\nmenced the practice of his profession.\\nThey were married in 1850, in Eddy-\\nville; she was born in 1827, in Oswego\\nCo., N. Y. had eight children, five\\nliving Mary V., Earrie E., Wilfred\\nH., Jennie- W. and Vina B. Member\\nof the Congregational Church.\\nXAGER, JOHN, brewer, Eddyville.\\nJohnson, A., far., S. 7 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nJohnson, A. W., minister, S. 31 P. 0.\\nDudley.\\nJohnson, G., hotel and bakery, Eddyville.\\nJohnston, James T., lab., Eddyville.\\nJohnston, Thos. H., lab., Eddyville.\\nKENNEDAY, JAMES M., far., S.\\n24; P. 0. Kirkville.\\nkavaxaCj^h, joH:sf, far, s\\n4 P. 0. Eddyville he was born April\\n27, 1807, in Champaign Co., Ohio; in\\n1845, entered and moved to his jjresent\\nfarm he owns 260 acres, valued at $25\\nper acre. Married Mary Wiseman in\\n1831 she was born Nov. 29, 1809. in\\nVirginia; have six children Elizabeth,\\nWilliam, Catherine, Sarah, Samuel and\\nCynthia A. Democrat.\\nKennedy, Mathew, section hand, Eddy-\\nville.\\nKirkpatrick, John, blacksmith, Eddyville.\\nKnox, John, far., S. 27 P. 0. Dudley.\\nKBfOX, LEONARD, far., S. 21\\nP. 0. Chillicothe born Jan. 30, 1843,\\nin Logan Co., Ohio in 1847, came to\\nWapello Co., Iowa. Owns 165 acres of\\nland, valued at $30 per acre. Married\\nMary E. Sackett Oct. 22, 1865 she was\\nborn in 1845, in Indiana; have three\\nchildren F. E., W. E. and Elsie. Is\\nSecretary of the School District. En-\\nlisted in 1862, in Co. D,36th Iowa Inf.\\nserved to the end of the war partici-\\npated in the battles of Helena, Mark s\\nMills and others. Greenbacker.\\nKXOX, PETER, far., S. 21 P. 0.\\nChillicothe; born Dec. 18, 1816, in\\nGreenbrier Co. Va. when an infant,\\ncame with his parents to Logan Co.,\\nOhio in 1847, came to Wapello Co.,\\nand entered 312 acres, where he now\\nresides. Married Mary H. Peach May\\n21, 1840; she was born in 1820, in\\nLogan Co., Ohio had nine children,\\nfour Uving Jessica (now Mrs. King),\\nLeonard, Ellen and Emma. Has been\\nCounty Treasurer and Recorder was a\\nmember of the Legislature from 1864 to\\n1866 has been County Supervisor,\\nJustice of the Peace, etc. Gieenbacker.\\nKURTZ, PETER, farmer, Sec. 24\\nP.O. Kirkville; born Dec. 13. 1816,", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0635.jp2"}, "636": {"fulltext": "636\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nin York Co., Penn.; in 1828, came to\\nVirginia in 1844 came to Ohio; in 1846,\\ncame to Illinois in 1852, removed to Wa-\\npello Co. Owns 169 acres of land,\\nvalued at $30 per acre. Married Lora\\nHama Paston December 1839 she was\\nborn in 1821, in Hampshire Co., Va.;\\nhave six children Delilah, Jno. C, Fred\\nG., N. F., Esther May and Huldah C.\\nDemocrat.\\nLAFFERTY, A. M., marble works,\\nEddyville.\\nLamas, Henry, far., S. 7 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nLarson, John, laborer, Eddyville.\\nLeling, Sebastian, far., S. 14 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nLeggett, Edwin, operator, Eddyville.\\nLeggett, Ira, laborer, Eddyville.\\nLeggett, John, saw-mill, Eddyville.\\nLutz, Hedwick, boots and shoes, Eddyville.\\nLyons, S. W., far., S. 12; P. 0. Eddyville.\\nMcCLAIN, ANTHONY, butcher,\\nEddyville.\\nMcElroy, Wm., carpenter, Eddyville.\\nMcFadden, Wilson, Sr., far., Sec. 24; P.\\nKirkville.\\nMcCJHEE, XAIVCY C, MRS.,\\ndaughter of John Abbott, and widow of\\nH. C. McGhee, Sec. 25 P. 0. Kirk-\\nville; he was born March 8, 1813, in\\nMonroe Co., Va., and died March 8,\\n1871 she was born April 24, 1825, in\\nMonroe Co., Va. Married April 12,\\n1843, in Virginia in 1845, they came to\\nIndiana in 1848, they removed to Wapello\\nCo. She owns 110 acres of land have\\nnine children Hugh C., Sarah J., Mary\\nM., Ann E., Louisa, Nancy, V. M.,\\nEsther and Plunkett B. Members of\\nthe Christian Church.\\nMcGlothlen, J. L., far., Sec. 13; P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nMcC^LOTHL-EX, THOS. D.,\\nfarmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Eddyville born\\nDec. 10, 1816, in Wayne Co., Ind. in\\n1845, came to Wapello Co. and entered\\n160 acres of land he now owns 349\\nacres, valued at $30 per acre. Married\\nSarah Meek in 836 she was born in\\n1816 in Lawrence Co., Ind. died in\\n1840 have two children Rebecca J.\\n(now Mrs. Ravel), Mary J. (now Mrs.\\nBell. Second marriage to Martha Tay-\\nlor in 1841 she was born in 1820 in\\nKentucky had eleven children, eight\\nliving J. L., Millie E., Sarah E.,\\nThomas B., Andrew J., George M.^\\nBenjamin F. and Adolphus D. Was\\nappointed to fill a vacancy on the Board\\nof Supervisors. Was a member of the\\nLegislature from 1862 to 1864. Green-\\nbacker.\\nMcKenney, G. W., carpenter, Eddyville.\\nMcLoney, L., far., S. 18; P. 0, Eddyville.\\nMcManus, D. W., druggist, Eddyville,\\nMcWilliams, N., carpenter, Eddyville.\\nMiller, Daniel, retired, Eddyville.\\nMII.I.ER, JOHN B., farmer. Sec.\\n23 P. 0. Eddyville born Ji^ne 6,\\n1816, in Ross Co., Ohio in 1849, came\\nto St. Louis thence to Burlington,\\nIowa in 1850, came to his present\\nfarm; owns 160 acres, valued at $30\\nper acre. Married Maria Morris in\\n1848 she was born in Virginia in 1818\\neleven children, nine living James,\\nRobert P., Hugh H., Andrew, Sarah J.,\\nAlexander, Thomas H., Clarence L. and\\nAlfred. Robert P. enlisted in 1861 in\\n4th Iowa V. C. served three years\\nHugh H. enlisted in 1861 in 36th Iowa\\nV. I. was taken prisoner at Tyler,\\nTexas was mustered out at the close of\\nthe war. Members of M. E. Church\\nRepublican.\\nMIIiliER, W. W., firm of Plough\\nMiller, Plough Hotel, and proprietors\\nof livery stable, Eddyville born Sept.\\n18, 1833, in Trumbull Co., Ohio; in\\n1845, came to Mahaska Co. engaged in\\nfarming till 1874, when he removed to\\nEddyville. Married Miss Amanda J.\\nKavanaugh in 1860 she was born in\\n1836 in Ohio; died in 1869; left one\\nson Daniel E. second marriage to\\nMiss Mary E. Plough April 26, 1876\\nshe was born September, 1853, in Ithaca,\\nN. Y. In Mahaska Co., Mr. Miller was\\nTownship Assessor and Township Trustee\\nHis father was born June, 1801, in\\nW^ashington Co., Penn., and still en-\\njoys gpod health lives with his son.\\nMintonie, A. P., saw-mill, Eddyville.\\nMoak, Jacob, Constable, Eddyville.\\nMoore, W. C, retired, Eddyville.\\nMorgan, James, laborer, Eddyville.\\nMorman, Joseph, carpenter, Eddyville.\\nMammort, W. L., Eddyville.\\nIVTELSON, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 31\\nJLN p. 0. Dudley.\\nNELSON, J. B., agent of the K.\\nD. M. Division of the C, R. I. P.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0636.jp2"}, "637": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP.\\n63T\\nR. R. P. 0. Kirkville born June 28,\\n1856, in Jasper Co., Iowa; was assist-\\nant agent at Alley in 1875, also held\\nthe same position for two years at Ed-\\ndy ville\u00e2\u0080\u0094 from 1876 to 1878. Married\\nJennie Snow May 23, 1878 she was\\nborn Oct. 6, 1860, in Eddyville.\\nNewell, David, far., S. 10 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nNewell, Thomas J., far.. Sec. 10 P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nNewell, Zach., far., S. 15 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nNosier, James, physician, Eddyville.\\nNye, E. F., far., S. 33 P. 0. Dudley.\\nXYE, JOHl^ W., farmer. Sec. 33\\nP. 0. Dudley; born March 13, 1848,\\nin Cass Tp. came to his present farm\\nin 1869 owns 107 acres, valued at |25\\nper acre. Married Eliza F. Wolf April\\n22, 1869; she was born in 1849, in\\nOhio have three children Henry W.,\\nLeonard P. and Libbie. Enlisted in\\n1863 in Company L, 7th Iowa Cavalry,\\nand served until June, 1865. Repub-\\nlican.\\nNye, S. A., far., S. 28 P. 0. Dudley.\\n/SdEM, a. J., carpenter, Eddyville.\\nOGDEX, EDGAR, far., S. 15;\\nP. O.Eddy ville; born March 27, 1849,\\nin Logan Co., Ohio when about two\\nyears old, came to Keokuk, Iowa in\\n1866, returned to Ohio; in 1869, came\\nto his present farm they own 349\\nacres of land. Married Mary Frame in\\nFebruary, 1874 she was born in 1853\\nin Chester Co., Penn.; have l,wo chil-\\ndren David and William S. Is Town-\\nship Assessor. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch Republican.\\nOlney, A. C, far., S. 21 P. 0., Dudley.\\nOlney, L. W., far., Sec. 28 P. 0. Dud-\\nley.\\nOlney, R. G., far.,S. 28; P. 0. Dudley.\\nOL.NEY, WASHIN(,}TOX, far\\nS. 28; P. 0. Dudley; born Sept. 1,\\n1822, in Morgan Co., Ohio in 1830,\\ncame to Illinois; in 1844, came to\\nWapello Co owns 214 acres of land,\\nvalued at $25 per acre. Married\\nRachel Strange in 1848 she was born\\nin April, 1825, in Pike Co., Ohio; had\\nnine children six living S. E., J. H.,\\nM. F., John H., J. S. and C. W. Re-\\npublican members of the M. E.\\nChurch.\\nOtt, Fred, harness-maker, Eddyville.\\nPARKS, CLINTON, farmer. Sec. 24\\nP. 0. Kirkville.\\nPAL.MER, W. li., editor and pro-\\nprietor of the Eddyville Advertiser;\\nborn in March, 1843, in New York\\nwhen an infant, came with his parents\\nto Iowa; in 1845, removed to Eddy-\\nville. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. D, 36th\\nIowa Inf; served through the war,\\nthen engaged in farming till 1869,\\nwhen he commenced his present busi-\\nness. Married Fannie I. Hamilton in\\n1867 she was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa\\nhave two children Hattie Fay and\\nClarence, aged 6 and 3 years. Repub-\\nlican.\\nParrott, G., far., S. 14; P. 0. Eddyville.\\nParsons, C. S., carpenter, Eddyville.\\nPerry, Joseph, wagon-mfr., Eddyville.\\nPhillips, Samuel, blacksmith, Eddyville.\\nPickens, Alexander, far., Sees. 1 and 12\\nP. 0. Eddyville.\\nPlummer, John P., far.. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nEddyville.\\nPyatt, William, laborer, Eddyville.\\nRAMPIE, LEWIS, laborer, Eddy-\\nville.\\nRay, Miles, Sec. 20 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nRay, Newton, far., Sec. 20.\\nRector, Bennett, restaurant, Eddyville.\\nREED, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 13; P.\\n0. Kirkville born Feb. 19, 1825, in\\nHarrison Co., Ohio; in 1865, removed\\nto his present farm owns 240 acres,\\nvalued at $30 per acre. Married Hen-\\nrietta Van Buskirk in 1848; she was\\nborn Feb. 25, 1826, in Tuscarawas Co.,\\nOhio have seven children Osbern,\\nCharles B., Theophilus, Martha A.,\\nBenjamin L., James M. and John F.\\nMembers of the Christian Church\\nDemocrat.\\nRhodes, Z. P. 0. Eddyville.\\nRiggs, A. W., miller, Eddyville.\\nRiggs, Isaac, lumber dealer, Eddyville.\\nRoberts, L., far., S. 20 P. O. Eddyville.\\nRoberts, M., far., S. 32 P. 0. Dudley.\\nRoberts, P. H., far., S. 30 P. 0. Dudley.\\nROBERTA, WILIil AM A.,\\nfar.. Sec. 29 P. 0. Dudley born Jan.\\n28, 1840, in Ohio; in 1844, came with\\nhis parents to his present farm, which\\nhis father entered he owns ninety-one\\nacres, valued at $25 per acre. Married\\nAmanda Stuver June 4, 1876 she was\\nborn Feb. 3, 1854, in Wapello Co.; they", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0637.jp2"}, "638": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2638\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nhave one child Walter. He enlisted\\nin 1863 in Co. B, 8th Iowa V. C, and\\nserved till the end of the war was in\\nthe battles of Nashville, Tenn., Frank-\\nlin, Shoal Creek and others. Republican.\\nROHDE, H. R., saloon, Eddyville;\\nhe was born Aug. 16, 1832, in Prussia,\\nGei many in 1849, came to Keokuk,\\nIowa thence to Fort Madison, Iowa\\nthence to Lee Co.; then to Franklin\\nCenter. Enlisted in 1802 in Co. E,\\n19th Iowa V. I.; served to the end of\\nthe war was in the battles of Prairie\\nGrrove and Cane Hill, Ark., siege of\\nVicksburg, Brazo, San Deigo, Texas,\\nsiege of Spanish Fort and others. Re-\\nturned to Franklin Center, Iowa Oct.\\n1, 1866, came to Eddjville. Married\\nAnna Simon June 9, 1867 she was\\nborn in Lee Co., Iowa have six chil-\\ndren Mary, Anna, Anezeta, Matilda,\\nHenrietta and Fred.\\nRoss, J., far., S. 1 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nRoss, W. C, Mayor and news depot, Ed-\\ndyville.\\nO CHAAF, PAUL, grocer, Eddyville.\\nSACKETT, D. M., farmer, Sec. 28\\nP. 0. Dudley born Aug. 31, 1851, in\\nIndiana in 1854, came with his parents\\nto Davis Co.; thence to Appanoose Co.;\\nthence to Monroe Co.; in i860, came to\\nWapello Co.; owns forty acres of land,\\nvalued at $800. Married Miss Eliza-\\nbeth A. Conwell in March, 1873; she\\nwas born in Ohio in 1853; have two\\nchildren William L. and Claud C.\\nHis father enlisted in 1863 in Co. B,\\n8th Iowa V. C, and was drowned from\\nthe steamer Gen. Lyons in March, 1865,\\naged 46 years. Her father, Obediah\\nConwell, died in Cass Tp.,aged 62 years.\\nRepublican.\\nSchafer, Wm furniture dealer, Eddyville.\\nSeifert, A., harness-maker, Eddyville.\\nShane, T. H., hardware dlr., Eddyville.\\nShields, Isaac, merchant, Eddyville.\\nShields, James H., clerk, Eddyville.\\nSistmere, John, lab., Eddyville.\\nSLOAX, W. K., DR., physician\\nand surgeon, Eddyville; born Oct. 19,\\n1846, in Ashland Co., Ohio; in 1866,\\ncommenced the study of medicine with\\nJ. L. Crane, of Ashland, Ohio grad-\\nuated in 1875, at the College of Physi-\\ncians and Surgeons; the same year, he\\nremoved to Eddyville and commenced\\nthe practice of his profession. Married\\nMiss Emma Collins April 26, 1876\\nshe was born in 1852, in New Castle,\\nOhio have one child Chester C, born\\nMay 16, 1877. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch. Republican.\\nSmith, Peter, far., S. 32 P. 0. Dudley.\\nSnow, Heman, boarding-house, Eddyville.\\nSparks, Zachariah, Eddyville,\\nSpelman, T. C, miller, Eddyville.\\nStedghill, C. L., S. 29 P. 0. Dudley.\\nStedghill, J. R.,far.,S. 28; P. 0. Dudley.\\nStevens, G. W., far., S. 20 P. 0. Eddy-\\nville.\\nSTEWART, SAMUEL, farmer.\\nSec. 23 P. 0. Eddyville born March\\n7, 1811, in Washington Co., N. Y.; in\\n1855, came to Illinois; in 1874, came\\nto Wapello Co.; owns ninety-two acres\\nof land. Married Mrs. Ruble February,\\n1874; she was born in 1811, in New\\nYork he has eight children by a\\nformer marriage Hezekiah, Calvin,\\nJulia, Arena, Helen, Melvin, Clark and\\nJames. Enlisted in 1861 in Company\\nH, 55th Illinois Infantry served eight-\\neen months Hezekiah enlisted in 1862\\nin the 75th Illinois Infantry served to\\nthe end of the war. Mrs. Stewart came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1863 she has ten\\nchildren by two former marriages.\\nStockville, J. W., clothing, Eddyville.\\nStuber, A., far., S. 29 P. 0. Dudley.\\nSullivan, Wm., far.. Sec. 30 P. 0. Dudley.\\nSummerlat. J. C, laborer, Eddyville.\\nSwanson, John, far., S. 32 P. 0. Dudley.\\nSwenson, N. S., Eddyville.\\nTELL, A. J., farmer, Sec. 31 P. 0.\\nDudley.\\nTempleton, Benj., retired, Eddyville.\\nTunison, H., far., S. 17; P. 0. Eddyville.\\nTenisson, Henry, bridge-tender, Eddyville.\\nTerrel, W. R., far., S. 19 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nThomas, Benj., retired, Eddyville.\\nThompson, D. M., Eddyville.\\nThompson. Jno. H., drayman, Eddyville.\\nTobin, Richard, section hand, Eddyville.\\nTrotter, Alex., stock dealer, Eddyville.\\nTRAVIS, NOAH, far., S. 28; P.\\n0. Dudley; born Aug. 30, 1813, in\\nPike Co., Ohio in 1825, came to In-\\ndiana in 1847, removed to Des Moines\\nCo.; in 1851, came to Wapello Co.\\nOwns seventy acres of land, valued at $25\\nper acre. Married Mrs. Mary A.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0638.jp2"}, "639": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP.\\n639\\nBussard Nov. 6, 1850 she was born\\nNov. 9, 1813, in Tioga Co., Penn.;\\nthej have one child John he has\\nfour children by a former marriage\\nAmanda J., Sarah M., Ann and Will-\\niam. They have been members of the\\nM. E. Church since she was 15 and he\\n17 years old Republican.\\nTrue, G. D., barber, Eddyville.\\nTrue, H. (x., grocer, Eddyville.\\nTrue, John, laborer, Eddyville.\\nTrue, J. M., merchant, Eddyville.\\nTrue, Noah, carpenter, Eddyville.\\nyTNDERWOOD, JOHN, retired, Ed-\\nLJ dyville.\\nYANCE, WILLIAM, laborer, Eddy-\\nville.\\nVAXFOSSAN, WILLIAM P.,\\nfar., S. 29 P. 0. Dudley; born March\\n21, 1841, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; in\\n1868, came to Wapello Co.; the fol-\\nlowing year, removed to his present\\nfarm owns forty-eight acres, valued at\\n$30 an acre. Married Miss Minerva My-\\ners in 1869 she was born in 1844 in\\nWapello Co.; died May 19, 1870.\\nSecond marriage to Malinda Roberts in\\nNovember, 1871; she was born in\\n1852 in Wapello Co.; have two children\\nWillard A. and Julia E. He en-\\nlisted in 1861 in Co. I, 78th Ohio Inf\\nserved three years participated in the\\nbattles of Shiloh, Sherman s march to\\nthe sea, Vicksburg, Raymond, Army of\\nthe Cumberland, and others. Democrat.\\nVan Winkle, I., far., S. 27 P. 0. Dudley.\\nWARNER, JAMES, farmer, -Sec.\\n30 P. 0. Dudley.\\nWALZ, B., brewer, Eddyville born\\nAug. 1, 1838, in Baden, Germany\\nin 1859, came to St. Louis, then to\\nBurlington, Iowa. In 1861, enlisted in\\nCo. G, 57th 111. Inf; served three\\nyears and four months then returned\\nto Burlington in 1868, came to his\\npresent locality. Married Mary Mel-\\ncher in 1867 she was born July 11,\\n1848, in Muscatine, Iowa; have five\\nchildren Ada, John, Oscar, Clara and\\nLucetta.\\nWARREX, SILAS, farmer Sec.\\n25; P. 0. Kirkville; born Feb. 29,\\n1816, in Pike Co., Ohio in 1844, came\\nto Illinois the following year, removed\\nto Wapello Co. owns eighty-seven\\nacres of land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nMarried Elizabeth Gilliland in 1839;\\nshe was born in 1822, in Pike Co.,\\nOhio have nine children Samuel T.,\\nWilliam J., A. 0., A. L., Eli S., Mar-\\ngaret J., Mary E., Amanda and Luella.\\nHas been Township Trustee. Green-\\nbacker.\\nWellman, E. G., laborer, Eddyville.\\nWEST, AMOS, farmer. Sec. 33 P.\\n0. Dudley; born June 19, 1823, in\\nColumbiana Co., Ohio; in 1855, came\\nto Wapello Co. owns 67 acres of land\\nin Wapello Co. and 120 acres in Mis-\\nsouri he engaged in coal-mining in\\n1837, and continued in this business\\ntill 1867. Married Mary Rhodes in\\n1843; she was born in 1819, in Jack-\\nson Co., Ohio have six children\\nElizabeth J., now Mrs. Culver; Isabella\\nM., now Mrs. Terrill Joseph F.\\nSusan, now Mrs. McGlothlen Sarah V.\\nand Edwin S. Republican members\\nof the M. E. Church.\\nWhited. Carsen, far. P. 0. Eddyville.\\nWilkins, J. W., miller, Eddyville.\\nWinters, John, far., S. 33 P. 0. Dudley.\\nWise, G. W., far., S. 14 P. 0. Eddyville.\\nWolf, B. D., far.. Sec. 33 P. 0. Dudley.\\nWolf, S. P., far.. Sec. 32 P. 0. Dudley.\\nYORK, FRANCIS C, shoemaker,\\nEddyville.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0639.jp2"}, "640": {"fulltext": "640\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nHIGHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\nBARNES, E., farmer, Sec. 10 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBAKER, J. K., Sec. 26; P. 0.\\nHighland Center born in Will Co.,\\n111., Aug. 8, 1855 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1868, where he is farming and\\nraising stock owns an interest in 405\\nacres of land, valued at $30 per acre.\\nRepublican.\\nBatlorfF, John, farmer, Sec. 12 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBeck, Geo.W., far., S. 17 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBlitz, Charles, farmer. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBowen, D. A., far., S. 5 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nBowen, George W., farmer. Sec. 5 P. O.\\nHighland Center.\\nBowen, William, farmer. Sec. 5 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBowlin, A. N., farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBray, Wm., far., S. 28 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nBuchanan, Alexander W.\\nBuckner, A. J., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nBuckner, James, farmer, Sec. 3 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBuckner, F. M., farmer. Sec. 11; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nBuckner, Jesse, far., Sec. 16 P. 0. Dahl-\\nonega.\\nBurriss, John, farmer, Sec. 17 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nButler, A. C, farmer. Sec. 9 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nCOBLER, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 21\\nP. 0. Highland Center.\\nCoffmann, Oliver, farmer. Sec. 11; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nCouncil, John, far., Sec. 31 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nCRAFT, PETER, far., Sec. 1 p.\\n0. Martinsburg born in Washington\\nCo., Penn., April 11, 1817 came to\\nWapello Co. in the fall of 1855. Mar-\\nried Miss Tacy Degood in 1837 she\\ndied in August, 1860. Married again\\nto Miss Lida M. Fuller, 1861 has a\\nfamily of ten William P., Mary C.,\\nSarah, Joseph E., Emily J., Almira V.,\\nClarissa, Perry A., John L. and Jael-\\nda. Owns 271 acres of land, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Democrat.\\nDARR, SAMUEL, far., Sec. 34 R\\nO. Dahlonega.\\nDarner, J. H., far., Sec. 6 P. O. High-\\nland Center.\\nDavis, A. J., far., Sec. 24 P. 0. Dahlo-\\nnega.\\nDA. VIS, ABRAHAM, far., Sec,\\n26 P. 0. Highland Center was born\\nin Sullivan Co., Ind., Nov. 25, 1825\\ncame to Wapello Co. in May, 1 849\\nhelp to build the first sehoolhouse in\\nHighland Tp., in 1850. Married\\nMaria Grant in 1851 she was born in\\nHarrison Co., Ind., May 22, 1833;\\nhave six childreo Robert T., Jessie,\\nJacob G., Douglass, Joseph W. and\\nCharles. Owns 91 acres of land, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Democrat.\\nDAVIS, JAMES, far.. Sec. 23;\\nP. 0. Highland Center; was born in\\nSullivan Co., Ind., July 20, 1832;\\nwhen 20 years old, came to Wapello\\nCo. Married Rhoda Stephens Sept. 23,\\n1858; she was born April 24, 1838, in\\nMcDonough Co., 111.; have three chil-\\ndren Gilbert J., Fanny Hill and Lor-\\nenzo D. Owns 293 acres of land, val-\\nued at $25 per acre. Democrat.\\nDAVIS, JOSEPH, Sec. 32 P.\\n0. Dahlonega born in Sullivan Co.,\\nInd., Jan. 29,1837; came to Wappella\\nCo. in 1853. Married Margaretta\\nBuckner she was born in Indiana Feb.\\n15, 1845; have one child Laura E.\\nMembers of the Baptist Church. Mr.\\nD. owns eighty acres, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Greenbacker.\\nDavis, M., far., S. 16 P. 0. Highland\\nCenter.\\nDay, Wm., far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Highland\\nCentre.\\nDennis, Caswell, far., S. 15; P.O. High-\\nland Center.\\nDevol, Harrison, far., S. 7; P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nDoak, Robert, far., S. 4 P. 0. Highland\\nCenter.\\nDoan, A. H., far., S. 30 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nDougherty, E. A.\\nDougherty, G., far., S. 30 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nDowns, H., far., S. 8 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nELDER, J. M., farmer. Sec. 4 P. 0.\\nHighland Center.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0640.jp2"}, "641": {"fulltext": "HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP.\\n641\\nEmery, W. P., far., S. 10; P. O. High-\\nland Center.\\nEVA^fS, WIIiLIAM, far., S. 34;\\nP. 0. Dahlonega; born in Coshocton Co.,\\nOhio, Feb. 25, 1815 came to Wapello\\nCo., April 1 856. Married Miss Mary M.\\nFaucettinl841; shedied April 19, 1854.\\nMarried in 1857 Miss Harriet Hinds\\nshe died March 20, 1871. By attend-\\ning to his farm, he has cleared $20,000\\nsince he came to Wapello Co.; has a\\nfamily of three Hannah A., Alice and\\nGeorge W., and two dead. Owns 759\\nacres of land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nRepublican.\\nr^ IBSON, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 11\\nor P. O. Dahlonega.\\nGOliDY, E. II., farmer. Sec. 13;\\nP. 0. Dahlonega born in Brooke Co.,\\nVa.; Feb. 28, 1827 went to Jackson\\nCo., Ohio, and engaged in farming;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in the fall of 1855-\\nMarried Miss Diana Backus in 1853;\\nthey have four children James T.,\\nJasper F., Recilva, Sarah. Mr. G.\\nowns sixty-five acres of land, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Republican.\\nGoudy, Jacob, far., S. 4; P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nGRAY, JOHN G., farmer P. 0.\\nHighland Center born in Montgomery\\nCo., Ky., May 21, 1805; came to\\nWapello Co. in 1848. Married Rachel\\nElliott she was born in North Carolina\\nin 1807 have six children Sarah J.,\\nPriscilla, Martha E., William, Thomas\\nR. and Elliott. Mrs. G. is a member\\nof the Presbyterian Church; Democrat.\\nOwns 240 acres of land, valued at $40\\nper acre.\\nGRAY, THOMAS R., farmer.\\nSec. 32 P. 0. Ottumwa born in\\nSullivan Co., Ind., Dec. 6, 1840 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1848. Married\\nMary J. Knight she was born in In-\\ndiana 29, 1841 have seven\\nchildren Joseph G., Nellie C, Sarah\\nJ., Rosa A., Daniel L., Henry C,\\nEverin L. Owns 160 acres of land,\\nvalued at $30 acre. Greenbacker.\\nHANDY, W. F., far.. Sec. 28 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nHarkins, Benjamin.\\nHarkins, Louis, far., Sec. 5 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nHook, James, far., Sec. 1 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nJAMES, O. M., farmer. Sec. 16;\\nP. 0. Highland Center; born in\\nShenandoah Co., Va., May 22, 1813;\\nlived in Ohio, Kentucky and Illinois;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1868. Married\\nMary Cozad she died in 1843 mar-\\nried again E. Buffon; she died in 1870\\nmarried again Mrs. Eliza R. Summers\\nhas ten children Nancy, Sophia, Mary\\nA., George W., Sarah A., Betsy A.,\\nIsaac, Alice W., Leonard and Benjamin.\\nMembers of Christian Church Repub-\\nlican. Owns 205 acres, valued at $35\\nper acre.\\nKENT, JOHN, far., Sec. 19 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nKirkpatrick, M., far.. Sec. 14; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nKITTERMAN, GEORGE W.,\\nfarmer, Sec. 18 P. 0. Ottumwa born\\nin Wapello Co. Nov. 5, 1843. Enlisted\\nin 36th Iowa V. I. taken prisoner at\\nMark s Mills. Married Barbara L.\\nKnight in Aug., 1866 she was born in\\nPennsylvania Feb. 11, 1843 is a mem-\\nber of the M. E. Church have four\\nchildren Rowena, William C, Nora\\nand Sarah J. Owns 131 acres, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Greenbacker.\\nKitterman, Henry, far., Sec. 29 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nKITTERMAX, JOSEPH, far\\nSec. 17 P. 0. Ottumwa was born in\\nFranklin Co., Va., July 25, 1812;\\nmoved to Indiana, thence to Wapello\\nCo., in 1843. Married Martha Archi-\\nbald Oct. 27, 1833; they have six\\nchildren Johanna, Sarah, Godfrey,\\nAlice, William A. and Mary E. Owns\\n120 acres of land, valued at $35 per\\nacre. Members of the M. E. Church.\\nRepublican.\\nKnight, D. B., far. Sec. 26 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nKulkoff, John, far.. Sec. 5 P. 0. High\\nland Center.\\nLANCE, JOHN, Sec. 1; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nLeutne, C. M., far., Sec. 35; P. 0. Dahl-\\nonega.\\nLowe, D. far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nLowe, G, far.. Sec. 34 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nLowenberg, Anthony, far.. Sec. 26 P.\\n0. Dahlonega.\\nLudlam, R. L., far., Sec. 8 P. 0. Dahlo-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0641.jp2"}, "642": {"fulltext": "642\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nMENEFEE, W. S far., Sec. 22 P.\\n0. Highland Center.\\nMccarty, john, far., sec.32;\\np. 0. Dahlonega; was born in Lancaster\\nCo., Penn., July 11, 1809; came to\\nWapello Co. in June, 1853 farms and\\nraises stock. Married Catherine An-\\nthony she was born in Huntingdon\\nCo., Penn., June 8, 1812 have seven\\nchildren Jemima, Almira, William J.,\\nHarry B., Mary S., Samuel Q. and\\nClara P.; six died. Owns 160 acres of\\nland, valued at $40 per acre. Green-\\nMcCOkmCK, J. li., farmer P.\\n0. Agency City born in Maryland\\nJan. 29, 1835 came to Wapello Co. in\\n1868. Married Miss Mary A. Harden\\nshe was born in Maryland Sept. 29,\\n1840 have a family of six children\\nSarah K., Greorge W., John H., James\\nF., M. F. Albert and Eugene B., and\\nthree deceased, Howard, Charles 0. and\\nFreddie F. Mr. McC. is a Democrat.\\nOwns 280 acres of land, valued at $25\\nper acre.\\nMcCormick, Robert, farmer. Sec. 21 P.\\n0. Highland Center.\\nMcCormick, William, farmer. Sec. 21 P.\\n0. Highland Center.\\nMcMILIiAX, R. farmer. Sec. 1;\\nborn in Lancaster Co., Penn., Jan. lY,\\n1832 studied dentistry in Ohio; prac-\\nticed alternately with farming came to\\nWapello Co. in March, 1873. Enlisted\\nin the 47th Iowa V. I. served his tinae\\nout as Sergeant. Owns 160 acres of\\nland, valued at $35 per acre. Repub-\\nlican.\\nMALOY, W. B., farmer, Sec. 2 P.\\n0. Highland Center; born in Lee Co.,\\nIowa, May 14, 1849 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1875; owns 485 acres, valued at\\n$23 per acre his father is one of the\\nfirst settlers in Iowa, and, by attending\\nto farming and raising stock, has accu-\\nmulated quite a fortune. Greenbackes.\\nMoore, E. E., far., Sec. 30; P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nnSTTEAL, REN, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0.\\ni_N Dahlonega.\\nNeff, James W., far., S. 11 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nNeff, S., far., S. 30 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nNewman, John A., far., S. 16 P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nOSBIIR^, SILAS, farmer; P.\\n0. Dahlonega; born in Shelby Co.,\\nKy., Oct. 29, 1794 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1849. Married Miss Lucinda\\nGreen, who died in 1852. Married\\nagain in 1853 to Mary M. Wells;\\nhave twelve children Elizabeth, Re-\\nbecca, John, Margaret, Irene, Emily\\nA., Silas, Lucinda, Stephen, James,\\nMary C, Ellen. Mr. 0. served as an\\nAssociate Judge five years in Indiana,\\nand as a member of the Legislature and\\nas Judge of Wapello Co., six years.\\nMrs. 0. is a member of the M. E.\\nChurch. Mr. 0. owns 160 acres of\\nland, valued at $30 per acre. Repub-\\nlican.\\nOSBURX, JAMES, farmer; born\\nin Wapello Co. Aug. 31, 1855; lives\\nwith his parents follows farming.\\nRepublican.\\nPACKWOOD, JOHN, farmer, S. 22;\\nP. 0. Highland Center.\\nPackwood, S., far., S. 15 P. 0. Highland\\nCenter.\\nPackwood, W., far., S. 15; P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nRANDEL, W. J., far., S. 13; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nReesman, J., far., S. 36 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nRichards, S.,far., S. 28; P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nRichman Eli, far., S. 26 P. O. High-\\nland Center.\\nRiley, F., S. 12; P. 0. Highland Center.\\nROBERTSOX, WILLIAM,\\nSec. 29 P. 0. Ottumwa born in Perry\\nCo., Ind., Feb. 5, 1827 came to Wa-\\npello Co. in 1847 farmer and stock-\\nraiser. Married Elizabeth Van Winkle\\nshe was born in Perry Co., Ind., Feb.\\n16, 1835; have seven children George\\nD., James F., William H., Mary M.,\\nIsaac E., Emery M. and Thomas. Mrs.\\nRobertson is a member of the M. E.\\nChurch. Owns 480 acres of land, val-\\nued at $30 per acre. Greenbacker.\\nSAUER, GEORGE A., farmer. Sec. 9\\nP. 0. Highland Center.\\nScott, A. J., far.. Sec. 6; P. 0. Highland\\nCenter.\\nSellers, T. J., far., S. 30 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nShaw, John S., far.. Sec, 14; P. 0. High-\\nland Center.\\nShuttlefield, H.,far., S. 19; P. O.Dahlonega.\\nSloan, T. J., far., S. 23 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nSmith, Fred, far. P. O. Dahlonega.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0642.jp2"}, "643": {"fulltext": "CASS TOWNSHIP.\\n643\\nSTEVEXS, B. I., far.; P. 0. High-\\nland Center was born in Wapello Co.\\nJune 6, 1848. Married Mary M.\\nPbelps in 1877; she was born in\\nWapello Co., Nov. 18, 1855 she is a\\nmember of the Baptist Church, Green-\\nbacker. A. V. Stevens was born in\\nHarrison Co., Ind., Nov. 19, 1815\\ncame to Wapello Co., April 15, 1848.\\nMarried Mrs. Miller July 20,1837;\\nhas thirteen children Charlie, Ernest,\\nRhoda, Jacob, Owen, William, Jane,\\nJohn, Benjamin, Nancy, Lydia, Abra-\\nham D. and Orlando. Members of\\nBaptist Church. Owns 210 acres of\\nland, valued at $30 per acre. Democrat.\\nTHOMPSON, T. J., far., Sec. 17 P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nYAN WINKLE, JAMES, far.. Sec.\\n31 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nWALDRON, JAMES, far.. Sec. 5\\nP. 0. Highland Center.\\nWebb, H., far., S. 36 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nWebb, I., far.. Sec. 36 P. 0. Dahlonega.\\nWHIPPL.E, AL.FRED J., far\\nSec. 9 P. 0. Ottumwa was born in\\nDearborn Co., Ind., Feb. 26, 1831;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in the fall of\\n1854. Married Elizabeth Doak, March\\n13, 1866; she was born in Beaver Co.,\\nPenn.. Dec. 3, 1832 they have three\\nchildren Ettie J., born Dec. 20,\\n1866; Laura A., born Aug. 20, 1870\\nMilo D., born Jan. 30, 1873. Owns\\n250 acres of land, valued at S35 per\\nacre. Mrs. W. is a member of the\\nPresbyterian Church. Republican.\\nWhipple, John C, farmer. Sec. 29 P. 0.\\nDahlonega.\\nWinner, John N., farmer. Sec. 2; P. 0.\\nHighland Center.\\nWI^XER, MARK P. 0. High-\\nland Center; born in Carroll Co., Ohio,\\nJuly 28, 1855 came to Wapello Co. in\\n1867. Married Belle Parker she was\\nborn Oct. 25, 1851 have two children\\nJennie M. and Elsie P. Republican.\\nWetherell, G., far., S. 19; P. O. Ottumwa.\\nWRIGHT, WIIililAM H., Sec.\\n19; P. 0. Ottumwa; born in Ohio\\nAug 4, 1838 came to Wapello Co. in\\nMay, 1841. Married Miss Maria H.\\nPollock March 12, 1868 she was born\\nin Licking Co., Ohio, Dec. 27,1848;\\nthey have a family of two Frank W.\\nand Gracie. Mr. Wright is a member\\nof the I. 0. 0. F., and Mrs. W. is a\\nmember of the Christian Church. Mr.\\nW. owns 125 acres of land, valued at\\n$35 I er acre. Republican.\\nWycofF, A. B., farmer. Sec. 52 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nWycoff, M. N., far.,S. 17 P. 0, Ottumwa.\\nCASS TOWNSHIP.\\nALLEN, CHARLES, railroad em-\\nploye, Chillicothe.\\nApplequist, John, ferryman, Chillicothe.\\nARNOLD, PAUL, far., S. 34; P.\\n0. Chillicothe owns 300 acres of land,\\nvalued at $25 per acre. Born in Wash-\\nington Co., Ohio, in 1826 at 13. moved\\nto Athens Co., Ohio; in 1852, came to\\nWapello Co. Has been Township Trust-\\nee four years. Married Miss Mary Speed\\nin 1849 she was from Vinton Co.,\\nOhio they have seven children Sarah\\nE., George F., Amon S., John, James\\nG., Amanda and Charles. Republican.\\nBAILEY, E. J., railroad employe,\\nChillicothe.\\nBailey, J. J., Chillicothe.\\nBailey, Johnson, Chillicothe.\\nBall, J. J., Chillicothe.\\nBass, B. F.\\nBaxter, Samuel.\\nBEJLL, A. W., saw-mill and far., S.\\n6 P. 0. Chillicothe number of acres,\\n167^; value, $33^ per acre. Born in\\nMarion Co., Ind., in 1831 came to\\nIowa in 1846, to Wapello Co. Married\\nMary J. McGlothlen in 1859 she was\\nborn in Indiana they have six children\\nliving Minerva C, Addie M., Lucy J.,\\nBuckley, Nellie V. and N. T. lost three\\nchildren. Mr. Bell has been Justice\\ntwo terms. Township Trustee and served\\non the Grnnd Jury. Members of the\\nChristian Church. Democrat.\\nBLACKMAIL, W., farmer, Sec.\\n36; P. 0. Chillicothe. Owns 117i", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0643.jp2"}, "644": {"fulltext": "644\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nacres, valued at $50 per acre born in\\nDedham, Mass., in 1811 lived in New\\nEngland until he was 24; moved to\\nOhio; came to Cass Tp., Wapello Co.,\\nIowa, in 1865. Married Sarah M.\\nMayhew, in 1848; she was born in\\nAthens Co., Ohio. Is a member of the\\nM. E. Church. Have seven children\\nWm. F., Marinda E., Charles P., Lewis\\nA., Christie Jane, Phoebe L. and Elma\\nlast one daughter, Lydia, who died at\\nthe age of 6 months. Democrat. Has\\nserved eleven years as Township Trustee.\\nHas been Vice President of the School\\nBoard.\\nBlackman, Charles, plasterer, Chillicothe.\\nBlackman, L. A., farmer; P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe.\\nBrown, Andrew P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nBrowning, F. M.; P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nBrowning, John P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nBush, F. M., merchant, Chillicothe.\\nBUNH, SAMUEL., hotel, Chilli-\\ncothe bou.se valued at 1 ,500 born in\\nRoss Co., Ohio, 1810 came to Iowa in\\n1 840 served as Township Trustee two\\nyears. Married Helena M. Michael in\\n1840 she came from Rockingham Co.,\\nVa.; had twelve children, seven living\\nFrancis M., Z. T., Winfield C, Louisa,\\nJohn C, William and Katie; five dead.\\nRepublican.\\nRutin, a. N., fir.; P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nC^ANFIELD, ELIAS, farmer. Sec. 34\\ny P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nCAMPBELIi, L.., DR., Chilli-\\ncothe; born in Union Co., Ohio, 1845\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1854 returned\\nto Ohio and graduated, 1869, in Cleve-\\nland Medical College. Married Miss\\nMary Olney in March, 1870 married\\nagain, Miss Isabel Stodgshill, of Vir-\\nginia they have three children E. E.,\\nM. D., E. M. Republican.\\nClark, Anthony, teamster, Chillicothe.\\nClark, Hiram P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nConnell, Albert, farmer. Sec. 35 P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nConnell, J. W., far., Sec. 35 P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe.\\nCOXWEIiL., MIRIAM, MRS.,\\nfarmer. Sec. 3 P. 0. Chillicothe owns\\n187 acres, valued at S30 per acre born in\\nWashington Co., Penn., in 1818. Mar-\\nried 0. Conwell in 1845 he was born\\nin Harrison Co., Ohio, in 1814 died Jan.\\n26, 1874 came to Iowa in 1854. Mr.\\nC. was School Treasurer nine years.\\nHave three children Eliza E., Eliza-\\nbeth A. and Caleb H. Republican\\nmembers of the M. E. Church for forty-\\nfive years.\\nConnell, K. G. P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nCOOK, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 3 P.\\n0. Chillicothe owns sixty-three acres,\\nvalued at $30 per acre born in Ontario\\nCo., N. Y. came to Van Buren Co.,\\nIowa, in 1 837 lived there three years\\nmoved to Kentucky three years after\\nto Wapello Co. Has been Township\\nSupervisor. Married Harriet Vinson\\nshe was born in Indiana have eight\\nchildren\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. F., William R., E. N., R.\\nC, W. Abigail, Mary A., Silas H.,\\nElisha D. five deceased. Members of\\nthe Christian Church.\\nCook, E. N.\\nCook, Warren.\\nCrabel, George, Chillicothe.\\nTT^DGINGTON, ZEB, Chillicothe.\\nElder, George, Chillicothe.\\nFAIRCHILD, H. C, blacksmith, Chil-\\nlicothe.\\nFleming, John, Chillicothe.\\nFletcher, Adam, Chillicothe.\\nGUGGERTY, PAT, far., S. 36; P.\\n0. Chillicothe.\\n(^IBBS, R. M., farmer, S. 25 P. 0.\\nChillicothe owns 140 acres, valued at\\n$30 per acre born in Athens Co.,\\nOhio, in 1831 came to Wapello Co.,\\nCass Tp., in 1847. Has been Justice of\\nthe Peace, Township Trustee and Clerk.\\nMarried Miss Losana Olney in 1852;\\nshe was born in McLean Co., 111. they\\nhave six children living Eliza J., Sa-\\nrah A., Chloe T., Ira Sherman, Lena\\nand Allie four dead. Republican.\\nGUGGERTY, L.., farmer and stock\\nbuyer. Sec. 6 P. 0. Chillicothe owns\\n1,100 acres, valued at $25 per acre;\\nborn in Ireland in 1829; came to the\\nUnited States in 1849; to Wapello Co.\\nin 1859. Married Bridget Gillespie in\\n1862; shewasbornin Ireland; have eight\\nchildren Margaret, Julia A., John,\\nMary, Patrick, Bartholomew, William\\nH., Ellen. Members of the Catholic\\nChurch Democrat.\\nHEACOCK, J. G., former, Sec. 26\\nP. 0. Chillicothe.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0644.jp2"}, "645": {"fulltext": "CASS TOWNSHIP,\\n645\\nMEACOCK, SAMUEL. P., mill-\\ner, Chillicothe Sec. 7 owns 100\\nacres, valued at S25 per acre has a\\nmill main part, 34x40, three stories\\nengine-room 22x80, one story, with four\\nruns of stone capacity, about three hun-\\ndred and seventy-five bushels in twenty-\\nfour hours has operated the mill nine\\nyears Mr. H. was born in Tuscarawas\\nCo., Ohio, in 1836. Married Mary Jane\\nDraper in 1857. Came, in 1851, to\\nCass Tp. Have six children Joseph\\nHeni y, Margaret E., Isabel, Ellen,\\nRachel E., Esther two dead Mrs.\\nH. was born in Indiana. Members of\\nthe M. E. Church.\\nHenshaw, J. Gr., railroad agt., Chillicothe.\\nHolt, Samuel, painter, Chillicothe.\\nHull, James B., Chillicothe.\\nHUlili, J. E,, lumber, and buys and\\nsells real estate, Chillicothe Mr. H.\\nwas born in Virginia in 1848 came to\\nIowa in 1855. Married Miss Mary\\nJewett in 1873 she was from Pennsyl-\\nvania. Has been Township Clerk three\\nterms. Democrat.\\nHUliL. J. M., lumber, and buys and\\nsells real estate, Chillicothe Mr. H.\\nowns many pieces of real estate in vari-\\nous places; born in Virginia in 1817\\ncame to Iowa in 1 855. Has been Jus-\\ntice fifteen years, School Director fif-\\nteen years has served on the grand\\njury. Married Lueretia Partlow in\\n1848 she was born in Virginia have\\nseven children Josephine, J. F., B.\\nA., E. C, V. A., J. E., J. W. Mem-\\nbers of the M. E. Church.\\nHurd, G., shoemaker, Chillicothe.\\nHUTTOX, .T. W., teacher, Chilli-\\ncothe born in Gossport, Ind., Sept. 14,\\n1855; has lived near Bloomfield, Davis\\nCo., Iowa. Mr. H. is a single man.\\nGreenbacker. Has been teaching three\\nyears, and intends to make that his\\nbusiness.\\nHyatt, B. F., physician, Chillicothe.\\nJENKINS, A. J., farmer. Sec. 26 P.\\n0. Chillicothe.\\nJewett, A., far., S. 26 P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nJordan, John, Chillicothe.\\n-Judson, Cyrus, Chillicothe.\\nKINGENMYEE, HENRY, far., S.\\n19; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\ny ANCE, CHARLES, Chillicothe.\\nLayman, Richard, Chillicothe.\\nLucock, Robert, Chillicothe.\\nMcADAMS, JAMES, farmer, Sec. Q\\nP. 0. Chillicothe.\\nMark, Charles, Chillicothe.\\nMYERS, G. F., farmer, Sec. 35 P.\\n0. Chillicothe; owns 195 acres of land,\\nvalued at S30 per acre born in Harri-\\nson Co., W. Va., March 29, 1813;\\nwent to Fairfield Co., Ohio ten years\\nafter, to Hocking Co., Ohio lived there\\ntwenty years came to Wapello Co. in\\n1844; has been Justice and Township\\nSupervisor ten terms still serving as\\nJustice. Married Miss Hannah R. Ru-\\ntin in 1838; she was from New York\\nState have two children Alvira R.,\\nborn in 1839, and George D., born in\\n1859 five died in infancy. Democrat.\\nMyers, Jacob H., Chillicothe.\\nXrORTON, C. R., REV., Pas\\ntor of M. E. Church, Chillicothe\\nborn in Washington Co.. Ohio, Dec. 2,\\n1845 educated at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa;\\nordained Deacon at Bloomfield, Davis\\nCo., Iowa, in 1875 ordained minister\\nat Ottumwa in 1877 preached at Sa-\\nlem, Henry Co., Iowa, at Unionville,\\nAppanoose Co., and Hamilton, Union\\nCo. removed to Chillicothe in 1876.\\nTrustees of Church at this time are J.\\nG. Henshaw, James Hull, W. A. Nye,\\nB. F. Hyatt, M. D., and John Heacock\\nthe Church has thirty members and is\\nfree from incumbrance. Mr. Norton\\nwas in late war four months as private\\ndischarged in fall of 1864. Married\\nMiss A. J. Morris in 1873 have two\\nchildren W. R. and C. C. Republi-\\ncan.\\nXYE, WILLIAM A., minister and\\nfar., S. 36 P. 0. Chillicothe owns\\n1 40 acres, valued at $40 per acre born\\nin Bavaria in 1824; came to Cass\\nTownship in 1845 was elected first\\nJustice in the township served eight\\nyears has been School Director most\\nof the time. Married Miss Mary Hoyt\\nshe was from Meigs Co., Ohio they\\nhave ten children George L., John W.,\\nWilliam A., Samuel A., Mary E., Luella,\\nIda Kate, Emma, Harry Frank and Ed-\\nward B. Mr. and Mrs. N. and two old-\\nest daughters are members of the M. E.\\nChurch. Mr. N. was ordained in 1861.\\nG. L. Nye served three and one-halt", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0645.jp2"}, "646": {"fulltext": "646\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nyears in the army J. W. served two\\nand one-half years.\\nODENBAUGH, ALBERT, Chilli-\\neothe.\\nOlney, H., far., S. 34 P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nPETERSON, JOHN, far., S. 8 P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nPEACH, JOSEPH, far., S. 27 P.\\n0. Chillicothe number of acres fifty-\\ntwo value $25 per acre. Mr. P. was\\nborn in Logan Co., Ohio, in 1844;\\ncame to Iowa in 1S47. Married Emma\\nSackett in 1871 she was from Tipton,\\nInd. they have no children. Mr.\\nP. was in the late war three years was\\nwounded and imprisoned in Tyler, Tex.\\nRepublican.\\nPeterson, A. P., far., Sec. 3 P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe.\\nPoston, J. N., far., Sec. 3 P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe.\\nPOSTON, J. N., farmer. Sec. 3 P.\\n0. Chillicothe 120 acres, valued at $18\\nper acre born in Virginia in 1 833\\ncame to Iowa in time of the Mexican\\nwar. Married Nancy J. Buchanan in\\n1857; she was born in Indiana; have\\ntwo children Martha Jane and Samuel\\nP. two died. Mrs. P. is a member of\\nthe M. E. Church. Mr. P. is a Democrat.\\nPoston, S., far. P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nSHARP, GILBERT, farmer, Sec. 34\\nP. 0. Chillicothe.\\nSAYERS, B. Cjt., house carpenter,\\nChillicothe; born in Miami Co., Ohio,\\nin 1822; came to Iowa in 1840; to\\nWapello Co. in 1844. Married Cather-\\nine Myers in 1842 she was born in\\nFort Madison, Iowa have six children\\nMartha A., Elizabeth, John P., James\\nL., E. C. and Sarah E. John P. Sayers\\ndied in 1868, 22 years old he was in\\nthe army three years. Mr. S. is a\\nUniversalist and a Democrat.\\nSTEVEWS, JANE, farming, Sec.\\n3 P. 0. Chillicothe number of acres\\nsixty, valued at $25 per acre born in\\nAthens Co., Ohio, in 1818. Married J.\\nF. Stevens in 1837 he was frozen to\\ndeath in 1873. Have seven children\\nliving G. W., Sarah A., Eliza, James\\nM., Thomas L., Lafayette and J. S.\\nseven died while young. James M.\\nStevens, farmer, Sec. 4 P. 0. Chilli-\\ncothe owns land, valued at $20 per\\nacre. Mr. S. was born in Vinton\\nCo., Ohio, in 1846 came to Iowa in-\\n1853. Married Marinda Denny in 1873\\nshe was born in Wapello Co. have three\\nchildren Henry, James F. and Perl ey.\\nMr. S. was in the U. S. service six years.\\nHe votes Republican ticket. T. L. Ste-\\nvens, Sec. 3 number of acres twenty,\\nvalued at $20 per acre born in Wapello\\nCo., in 1854. Married N. McCarty in\\n1875 she was born in Iowa they have\\nno children. Mr. Stevens is a Repub-\\nlican.\\nStrange James P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nST R A W N SAMUEL, farmer,\\nSec. 36 P. 0. Chillicothe owns 127\\nacres, valued at $30 per acre born in\\nFayette Co., Penn. lived there thirty-\\none years came to Wapello Co., Cass\\nTp. Has been School Director three\\nyears. Married Almira Stevenson in\\n1861 she was born in Dearborn Co.,\\nInd. they have two children Emma\\nE. and William A. Mrs. S. is a member\\nof the M. E. Church. RepubHcan.\\nStriker, X., farmer; P. 0., Chillicothe.\\nStuber, W., far.; P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nSTUMP, UEWIS, far., S. 2; P. 0-\\nChillicothe owns 173, acres of land,\\nvalued at $25 per acre; born in Ger-\\nmany in 1818 came to America when\\n20 years old lived in Ohio seven\\nyears; then came to Cass Tp., Wapello\\nCo.; he has served as Township Super-\\nvisor four terms School Director three\\nterms. He married Susannah Gilliland\\nin 1854 she was born in Indiana they\\nhave six children John B., George\\nLewis, Melinda Jane, Frederick F.,\\nLevi S. and William W.; three dead\\nNancy A., James A. and M. F. Mem-\\nbers of the Christian Church Democrat.\\nSWOPE, JOHli; M., far., S. 35;\\nP. 0. Chillicothe; owns 165 acres of\\nland, valued at $35 per acre; born in\\nMonroe Co., W. Va., Oct. 13, 1831\\nin 1856, came to Cass Tp. has been\\nTownship Assessor four terms, and\\nTownship Trustee four terms. Married\\nAlvina R. Myers April 16, 1857; she\\nwas born in Hocking Co., Ohio; have\\nfour children J. Frederick, Emma E.,\\nGeorge M., Robert C; two dead\\nWillie and Rebecca M. Mrs. S. is a\\nmember of the M. E. Church.\\nWADDINGTON, J. H., merchant.\\nChillicothe.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0646.jp2"}, "647": {"fulltext": "POLK TOWNSHIP.\\n647\\nWADDIXGTO]^, WIIililAM,\\ndealer in dry goods, groceries, boots and\\nshoes, hats and caps, crockery, etc.,\\nChillicothe; born in Steubenville, Ohio,\\nin 1845 moved to Philadelphia,\\nPeon.; lived there until 17 years old;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1861 has been\\nemployed in different parts of the State\\nin the woolen trade. Married Miss\\nMary Morgan, of Oskaloosa, Iowa she\\nwas born in Van Buren Co., Iowa have\\none child Albert Henry, four years of\\nage. Mrs. W. is a member of the Bap-\\ntist Church Mr. W. is a Republican.\\nWarren, Ambrose, Chillicothe.\\nWHITE, GEORGE D., farmer,\\nand breeder of thoroughbred short-horns\\nSec.3 P. 0. Chillicothe owns 260 acres,\\nvalued at $30 per acre born in Vinton\\nCo., Ohio, in 1829 came to Cass Tp.\\nin 1854. Married Louisa Doddridge in\\n1854 she was born in Pennsylvania\\nhave no children, but are raising and\\neducating a daughter by adoption. Mr.\\nWhite is a Republican.\\nWingard, John, Chillicothe.\\nPOLK TOWNSHIP.\\nA NDERSON,SWEN, farmer, Sec. 17;\\nu\\\\. P. 0. Munterville.\\nANDERSON, PETER GIJS-\\nTAVE, farmer. Sec. 6 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville owns 180 acres, valued at\\n$3,000 born in Sweden in 1820 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1850. Married in\\n1846 Sophia Johnson she died in\\n1863. Married in 1864 Ann Lawson\\nhad four children by first marriage\\nthree by second marriage. Members of\\nLutheran Church.\\nAx, John, far.. Sec. 10 P. 0. Munterville.\\nBAKER, John W., far.. Sec. 9; P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nBarrow, G. W., far., Sec. 5 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nBeagle, Abner, far., S. 36 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBeagle, D. F., far., S. 26 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBeckfelt, John, far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nBeckman, N., far., Sec. 31 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nBeckman, N. P., far., Sec. 31 P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nBenson, B., far.. Sec, 15 P. 0. Munter-\\nville.\\nBergerson, Allen, far., Sec. 18 P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nBergerson, Nels, far.. Sec. 33 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nBergerson, S., far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nBergerson, Swen, far.. Sec. 33; P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nBowen, Daniel, far.,S. 12 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBowen, D. F., far., S. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBowen, Nathan, far., Sees. 12 and 13; P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nBROOKS, MATILDA, MRS.,\\nwidow, Sec. 25 P. 0. Ottumwa\\nborn May 10, 1836, in Harrison\\nCo., W. Va. Married Absalom Brooks\\nSept. 23, 1875 he was born in\\nKentucky; died Oct. 13, 1876. Mrs.\\nBrooks came to Wapello Co. in\\n1875 has four children, three by her\\nfirst husband and one by her last. The\\nchildren s names are Winfield S., aged\\n22 years Savila A., aged 20 years\\nHarvey A., aged 18 years; Mary Q.,\\naged 2 years. Mrs. B. owns sixty-one\\nacres, valued at $1,900. Is a member\\nof the Missionary Baptist Church.\\nButt, H., far., S. 34 P. O. Blakesburg.\\nCANFIELD, B. P., far., S. 23; P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nCanfield, H., far., Sees. 23 and 24; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nCHISMAN, CURTIS, farmer,\\nSec. 26 P. 0. Ottumwa number\\nof acres, 252, valued at $6,000 born\\nin Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1837\\ncame to W^apello Co., Iowa, in 1850.\\nMarried in 1862 Eleanor Brooks, who\\nwas born in Wapello Co. in 1844\\nhave three children James A., born in\\n18 Bertha, born in 1870; Anna,\\nborn in 1876 Frank W., born Jan. 21,\\n1867, died Feb. 15, 1870. One son^\\nWillie, died in infancy. Mr. Chisman\\nhas been Township Clerk one year, and", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0647.jp2"}, "648": {"fulltext": "648\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nTreasurer of School Board six years.\\nMembers of the M. E. Church.\\nChisman, C. R., far., Sec. 23 P. O. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nChisman, James, farmer. Sec. 23 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nCHISMAN, J. J., farmer, Sec. 18\\nP. 0. Munterville owns 236 acres,\\nvalued at $4,000 born in Indiana in\\n1823; came to Polk Tp. in 1854.\\nMarried, in 1848, Catherine Goodwin,\\nwho was born in Indiana in 1831 has\\nfive children George N., born 1850;\\nMary, born 1851 Simon K., born\\n1852; Edmund D., born 1860; Wm.\\nP., born 1862. Has been Assessor two\\nterms. Town Clerk and School Secretary\\nfor three years Road Supervisor one\\nterra.\\nChisman, Palmer P. Oi Munterville.\\nCloyd, Wm., far., Sec. 23 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nConwell, Lot, far.. Sec. 5 P. 0. Dudley.\\nCook, A. M., far., Sec. 24 P. O. Ottumwa.\\nCook, James, far., Sec. 1 1 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCook, R. C, far.. Sec. 11 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCottrell, James, farmer, Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nChillicothe.\\nCOTTREI.L, JOHN, far., Sec. 10\\nP.O. Munterville; owns 100 acres, valued\\nat $2,000 born in Ohio in 1823 came\\nto Wapello Co. in 1840. Married in\\n1851 Elizabeth Bush, who was born in\\nIndiana in 1834 had nine children, five\\nliving Benjamin, born in 1854; Jennie,\\nborn in 1863 John E., born in 1865\\nFlorida Ann, born in 1868 Irving,\\nborn in 1 870 lost four children Ange-\\nline, died 1 853, aged three mouths\\nSarah F., died 1853, aged 4 months;\\nEmeline, died I860; Samuel, died 1878,\\naged 22 years. Members of the Meth-\\nodist Church.\\nCRAMBI.it, JOHN, farmer. Sec.\\n8; P. 0. Munterville; owns 197 acres,\\nvalued at $5,000 born in Guernsey\\nCo., Ohio, in 1834 came to Columbia\\nTp., Wapello Co., in 1865; to Polk Tp.,\\nspring of 1866. Married Jan. 5, 1859,\\nSophia Dunkle; born in Vinton Co.,\\nOhio have seven children Joel T.,\\nborn in 1862 Minerva, 1866 Bertram\\nE., 1868; Frank, 1870; Andrew J.,\\n1873 Wynn, 1876, and infant girl not\\nyet named one boy died in infancy.\\nMr. Cramblit enlisted in the 1 14th Ohio\\nV. I. served till the close of the war\\nparticipated in six engagements.\\nCramblit, Samuel.\\nCook, N., Sec. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nDAGGETT, L. D., farmer. Sec. 21\\nP. 0. Munterville.\\nDickson, J. W.,far.,S.9 P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nDoty, Jas., far., Sec. 35 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nDraper, J. W., far, Sec. 34; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nXpiSK, EDWARD, farmer, Sec. 27;\\nJD P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nFAUERSTROM, ANDREW\\nEDWARD, farmer, Sec. 9 P. O.\\nMunterville number of acres, 220\\nvalued at $4,500 born in 1822 came\\nto America in 1846 settled in Polk\\nTp. in 1851. Married Ann Doggett,\\nwho was born in Kentucky in 1836\\nhave seven children Albert, born in\\n1854 Sarah Ann, in 1855 Dudley, in\\n1858; James, in 1860; Charlotte, in\\n1864; Clara, in 1868; and Fannie, in\\n1870 two children died in infancy.\\nHas been Township Trustee two terms\\nTreasurer of the School Board four\\nyears. Members of the Baptist Church\\nDemocrat.\\nFletcher, Thos., far., S. 5 P. 0. Dudley.\\nFolgman, F., far.. Sec. 20 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nFolgman, J., Sec. 20 P. 0. Munterville.\\nFowler, I., far., Sec. 36 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGALEY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 34; P.\\n0. Blakesburg.\\nGates, L., far., Sec. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGillaspie, T.,far., Sec. 12 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGosney, L. S., far., Sec. 36; P.O. Ottumwa.\\nGrooms, J., far., Sec. 22 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGrooms, J., far.. Sec. 23; P. 0. Munter-\\nville.\\nGunnison, G. S., far.. Sec. 6 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nGustavson, Charles.\\nGunderson, Sec. 6 P. 0. Munterville.\\nHAMPTON, 0., farmer. Sec. 11 P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nHARI. AN, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 36\\nP. 0. Ottumwa born in Fayette Co.,\\nInd., Feb. 11, 1819 in 1821, moved to\\nParke Co., Ind.; in 1849, came to Wa-\\npello Co. Married Ann Edgman March\\n5, 1840 she was born in Holt Co.,\\nTenn., June 25, 1820 had ten chil-\\ndren, seven living Mary, died in 1865\\nGeorge, died in 1858 Martha, died in", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0648.jp2"}, "649": {"fulltext": "POLK TOWNSHIP.\\n649\\n1858; Sarah, born Dec. 21, 1840;\\nUlysses, born April 24, 1842; Sarepta,\\nborn July 6, 1845 Julia, born Jan. 15,\\n1847 Nancy J., born Sept. 13, 1853\\nAaron, born Nov. 9, 1858; Joseph,\\nborn March 31, 1860. Owns 230 acres,\\nvalued at $40 per acre. Has held the\\nofl ce of Township Trustee five years.\\nSchool Director five years, and County\\nSupervisor four years. Mrs. Harlan is\\nmember of the Baptist Church. Dem-\\nocrat.\\nHARLAN, U. li., farmer, Sec. 35\\nP. 0. Blakesburg; born in Parke Co.,\\nInd., in 1842 came to Wapello Co. in\\n1849 has since been engaged in farming.\\nMarried Cynthia A. Cloydin 1869 she\\nwas born in Wapello Co. in 1850 have\\nthree children\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Charles H., Ella M.,\\nand May E. Has held the office of\\n.Road Supervisor two years and School\\nDirector one year. Owns 154 acres of\\nland, valued at $15 per acre. Democrat.\\nHawnson, J., far., S. 7 P. 0. Munterville.\\nHazlett, J., far., S. 5; P. 0. Dudley.\\nHendricks, P. J., far., S. 23 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nHOKANSON, M. F., REV.,\\nPastor of the Lutheran Church, Sec. 16\\nP.O. Munterville; born in 1811 in\\nSweden; ordained in Galesburg, III., in\\n1853 began his ministry in Jeff erson\\nCo., Iowa, in 1851, two years before his\\nordination remained as Pastor of that\\ncharge until 1857 then came to Polk\\nTp.. remained three years; went to\\nBoone Co., Iowa, and returned to Polk\\nTp. in 1868. Married Ann E. Ander-\\nson in 1848 she was born in Sweden in\\n1829 have no children; have adopted\\na niece of Mrs. Hokanson. Owns 120\\nacres of land.\\nHurd, G., far., S. 15 P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nTSAACSON, ANDREW, far.. Sec. 19\\nX P. 0. Munterville.\\nITACOBSON, S. P., far.. Sec. 28 P.O.\\nt) Munterville.\\nJohnson, A. F., far., S. 26 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\n-Johnson, C, far., S. 17 P. 0. Munterville.\\nJOHXSOX, CHARLE!^, farmer,\\nSec. 17; P. 0. Munterville; owns 117\\nacres, valued at $3,000 born in Sweden\\nin 1833 came to this country and\\ncounty in 1853. Married in 1854 Lena\\nJohnson, who died in 1869. Married\\nAnn L. Peterson in 1871; had nine\\nchildren by first marriage, four living\\nLouisa, born in 1858; Emeline, born\\nin 1860 Hannah, born in 1861 Jose-\\nphine, born in 1868 five died in\\ninfancy Lute G., born in 1875 child\\nof second wife. Mr. Johnson is a\\nbreeder of thorough-bred stock now\\nowns a number of fine specimens. He\\nenlisted in the 13th I. V. I. in 1864:\\nserved till the close of the war. Member\\nof the Lutheran Church.\\nJohnson, E., far., S. 26 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nJohnson, G., far., S. 7 P. 0. Munterville.\\nJohnson, J., Postmaster, S. 18; P. O.\\nMunterville.\\nJohnson, N., S. 32 P. 0. Munterville.\\nJohnson, Nels, far., S. 32; P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nJohnson, S., far., S. 8 P. 0. Munterville.\\nJones, D., far., S. 28 P. 0. Chillicothe.\\nJones, J. B.,far., S. 33 P. 0. Munterville.\\nJones, J. W., far., S. 24; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nTT^EEN, C, S. 21; P. 0. Munterville.\\nKerfman, P., far., S. 32 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nKiphart, J., far,, S. 33; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nKlingermyer, H., far., S. 13 P. 0. Chil-\\nlicothe.\\nLARSON, WM., far., S. 8 P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nLARSON, SIVEN, farmer, Sec. 6;\\nP. 0. Munterville owns 120 acres,\\nvalued at $2,400 born in Sweden in\\n1824; came to Ottumwa in 1854,\\nthence to Van Buren Co. returned to\\nWapello Co. in 1857, and settled in\\nPolk Tp. has resided in Cass and Polk\\nTps. since that time. Married Hannah\\nBurgerson in 1851; have eight children\\nNelly, born in 1852; Ludwig, born\\nin 1855; Josephine, born in 1857;\\nMatilda M., born in 1859; Franz J.,\\nborn in 1861 Oscar A., born in 1864;\\nEmma L., born in 1868 Charles J.,\\nborn in 1871. Members of the Lu-\\ntheran Church.\\nLewis, Enos, fiir., S. 21, P.O. Munterville.\\nLATHROP, JOEL, fiirmer, Sec.\\n26; P. 0. Munterville; owns 163 acres\\nof laud, valued at $3,300 born in the\\nState of New York in 1801 moved to\\nIndiana in 1833 thence to his present\\nlocation in 1860. Married in 1822\\nMargaret Gordon, who died in 1830", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0649.jp2"}, "650": {"fulltext": "650\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nhad three children, none of whom are\\nImng married in 1834 Helen Dickson,\\nwho died in 1850 had five children,\\ntwo living Harrison F., born in 1839,\\nand Helen, born in 1844 married for\\nhia third wife Maria Godman. born in\\nOhio in 1812 have one daughter\\nEmma, born in 1851 she had nine\\nchildren by a former marriage, five liv-\\ning.\\nLIWDSAY, WM., farmer, Sec. 28;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg born in Lanarkshire,\\nScotland, in 1824 came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1873. Married Jeanette Henderson\\nshe was born in same place as her hus-\\nband have ten children George, Susie,\\nElizabeth, Christina, David, William,\\nFrancis, Emma, Etta, Lloyd. Owns\\n120 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Re-\\npublican.\\nLock, C. P., far., S. 14 P. 0. Munterville.\\nI.OTTRIDGE, THOMAS, far\\nSec. 16; P. 0. Munterville; born in\\nAthens Co., Ohio, in 1812 settled in\\nPolk Tp. in 1855. Married in 1832\\nCatharine Donahue, who was born in\\nPennsylvania in 1811 had eight chil-\\ndren, seven living Esther, born in\\n1833; Leonard N., born in 1835;\\nGeorge, born in 1838 Eliza, born in\\n1843; John W., born in 1846:\\nBernatus B., born in 1849; Whit-\\nney D., born in 1852 William, born in\\n1840, died in 1867. Mr. Lottridge was\\na member of the 37th Regiment Iowa\\nVolunteers, from the time of its organi-\\nzation till it was mustered out bis son\\nGeorge belonged to Company K, 2d\\nRegiment served three years. Mem-\\nbers M. E. Church Republican.\\nLottridge, Whitney, far., Sec. 16; P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nMcCARTZ, WM., farmer, Sec. 14;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMcCoy, Cass, far.. Sec. 15 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nMajor, J. A., far., Sec. 31 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nNEHER, F., far., Sec. 14; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nNelson, Olof, far.. Sec. 18 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nNelson, Peter N., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nNelson, Swen, far.. Sec. 32 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nOCK, J., farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nOlson, John, far., Sec. 29 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nOstrom, N. A., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nOswold, Nicholas, far., Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nPEARSON, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 20\\nP. 0. Munterville.\\nPearson, Nels, far.. Sec. 20 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nPeterson, A. P., far., Sec. 18 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nPeterson, Charles, far.. Sec. 28; P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nPeterson, Gustaf, far.. Sec. 7 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nPeterson, Jacob, far.. Sec. 32 P. 0.\\nMunterville.\\nPeterson, John, far.. Sec. 5 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nPeterson, John, far.. Sec. 7 P. 0. \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Mun-\\nterville.\\nPeterson, N. P., far.. Sec. 29 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nQriXX, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 10\\nP. O. Dudley owns 130 acres,\\nvalued at $1,500 born in Ireland in\\n1850 came to this country about 1858\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1875. Mar-\\nried in 1878 Johanna Bernard, who\\nwas born in Canada in 1854.\\nRALSTON, 0. P., farmer. Sec. 35\\nP. O. Ottumwa.\\nRose, L., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nSMITH, GEORGE J., farmer, Sec. 35\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSCHLAYETER, HOMIXIK,\\nfarmer and breeder of thorough-bred\\nstock, Sec. 5 P. 0. Chillicothe owns\\n200 acres, valued at $7,000 born in\\nBaden, Germany, in 1821 came from\\nBaden to New York City in August,\\n1851 to Ottumwa in 1852 to Polk\\nTp. in May, 1854. Married in New\\nYork, in 1851, Caroline Mott she was\\nborn in Baden in 1829 had ten chil-\\ndren, nine living Mary R.,born 1851\\nJohn A., born 1853 Joseph M., born\\n1855 Charles D., born 1858 Seth,\\nborn 1860 Fred E., born 1862 Lucy\\nL., born 1864; Minnie, born 1867;\\nAndrew P., born 1870; one daughter\\ndied in infancy. Mr. Schlayeter has\\nbeen for six years a Director of the", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0650.jp2"}, "651": {"fulltext": "POLK TOWNSHIP.\\n651\\nAgricultural Society of Wapello Co.\\nIs a Justice of the Peace. He is a suc-\\ncessful breeder of thorough -bred cattle\\nhas a number of fine short-horns now\\non his farm.\\nNIBEREIili, JACOB, Sec. 29\\nP. 0. Blakesburg; owns eighty acres,\\nvalued at $1,500; born in Ross Co.,\\nOhio, in 1823; came to Wapello Co. in\\n1855. Married, in 1856, Elizabeth J.\\nRose she was born in Jennings Co.,\\nInd., in 1833 died in 1871 has two\\nchildren Horace, born in 1857, and\\nSumner, born in 1859. Mr. Siberell\\nwas a member of the Legislature one\\nterm, beginning January 1, 1874; has\\nbeen Justice of the Peace and held\\nother town offices. Republican and\\nProhibitionist is a Spiritualist and\\nmedium.\\nSmith, J., far., Sec. 1\\nSmith, X., far., Sec.\\nville.\\nSpears, W,, far., Sec. 29 P.O. Blakesburg.\\nSponsler, J. J., far., S. 25 P.U.Ottumwa.\\nSpringer, A. J., far.. Sec. 17 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nSpringer, P. Z., far., Sec. 17 P. 0. Mun-\\nterville.\\nSWEl^SOX, JOHN, farmer. Sec.\\n18 P. 0. Munterville owns 105 acres,\\nvalued at $2,200 born in Sweden in\\n1833; came to this country and county\\nin 1854. Married in 1855, to Anna\\nEllenson; born in Sweden in 1828 have\\nnine children, five living Sophia, born\\nin 1856 Matilda, born in 1860 Charles,\\nborn in 1862 Robert, born in 1864\\nOlivia, born in 1866 the others died\\nin infancy. Members of the Lutheran\\nChurch.\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\n17 P. 0. Munter-\\nSWENSON, NELS, farmer; P. 0.\\nMunterville owns 155 acres, valued\\nat 83,100 born in Sweden in 1834;\\ncame to this country and settled in Polk\\nTp., in August, 1854. Married\\nSarah Guilliams, a native of Putnam\\nCo., Tnd., in 1859 had eight children,\\nseven living Norene, born in 1861\\nAlexander, born in 1862 and died in\\n1863 Rhoda E., born in 1865 Will-\\niam E., born in 1867 Leonard, born in\\n1869 Laura A., born in 1872 Lilly\\nM., born in 1875 Matilda, born in\\n1877. Mr. S. is a member of the Lu-\\ntheran Church, his wife of the Baptist\\nChurch. Was Road Supervisor in 1873-74\\nand Town Trustee in 1872-73. Mr.\\nSwenson s father, who is now 77 years\\nof age, lives with him his mother,\\nborn in 1804, died March 13, 1866.\\nTERRIL, JESSE, former, Sec. 16; P.\\n0. Munterville.\\nyyPP, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 22;\\nU p. 0. Blakesburg.\\n^TENATOR, WILLIAM, far\\nV and stock dealer P. 0. Munter-\\nterville owns 270 acres of land, val-\\nued at S5,000 born in 1841 in Orange\\nCo., Ind.; came to Polk Tp. in 1853,\\nwhere he has since resided. Married in\\nJuly, 1877, Susie M. Lindsey, who was\\nborn in St. Lawrence Co.,N. Y.,in 1851.\\nWALLACE, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 10\\nP. 0. Munterville.\\nWalker, C. E., fiir., S. 22 P 0. Ottumwa.\\nWhitcomb, C. C, far., S. 27 P. 0. Chil-\\nlicothe.\\nWhite, M., Sec. 26 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWilliams, C, far., S. 24 P. 0. ChiUicothe.\\nWorley, A., far., S. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWorley, S., far., S. 16 P. 0. Munterville.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0651.jp2"}, "652": {"fulltext": "652\\nDIRECTOR! OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nADAMS TOWNSHIP.\\nABEGG, J., far., S. 29; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nABEGG, B., far., S. 29 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg born in Monroe Co., Ohio, in\\n1843; came to Wapello Co., in 1851.\\nMarried Cora Bellis in 1871; she was\\nborn in Hendricks Co., Ind., in 1853\\nhave three children^ Mary, Henry and\\nAnna. Owns 120 acres, valued at $15\\nper acre. Enlisted in 1862, in Co. B,\\n36th Iowa Tnf. mustered out in 1865\\nwas in all the battles of the 36th. Re-\\npublican.\\nAbernathy, J., far., S. 18; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nAnderson, B., far., S. 27; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nArnold, J., far., S. 26; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nArnold, J. M., far., S. 26; P.O. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nARNOIiB, L.YDIA, MRS., far\\nS. 26 P. 0. Ash Grove, Davis Co.;\\nborn in Clinton Co., Ohio, in 1824.\\nMarried W. A. Arnold in 1843 he\\nwas born in Louisa Co., Va., in\\n1814, died June 15, 1867. Came to\\nWapello Co., in 1855. Have nine chil-\\ndren Elizabeth A., Jacob, James, Eva,\\nCharles, Laura, Meta, Alice and William.\\nMember of the Methodist Church.\\nOwns 200 acres of land, valued at $25\\nper acre.\\nAngel, J. N., far., S. 17; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nAsbury, T. P., druggist, Blakesburg.\\nBACHMAN, CHARLES, far., S. 22;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg.\\nBaker, J., far., S. 25; P. 0. Ash Grove.\\nBall, D., far., S. 5 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nBarnes, N., blacksmith, Blakesburg.\\nBarry, J. P., far., S. 14 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nBedell, G. W., far., S. 14 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nBellis, J. H., far., S. 20; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nBellis/W., far., S. 20; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nBOMAR, H., MRS., Bomar\\nHouse, Blakesburg; born in Hart Co.,\\nKy., January 25, 1826. Married C.\\nS. Bomar June 3, 1849 he was born\\nin LaRue Co., Ky., Aug. 22, 1821.\\nhas one child Thomas E. Bomar,\\nborn April 26, 1850 came to Iowa in\\n1857; to Wapello Co. in 1858, and en-\\ngaged in general merchandising at\\nBlakesburg until 1866. Mrs. Bomar\\nhas been engaged in the hotel and mil-\\nlinery business for the past twelve years;\\nowns thirteen town lots, valued at\\n$4,000. T. E. Bomar married Lizzie\\nTharp Oct. 14, 1874; she was born in\\nMonroe Co., Iowa, May 14, 1856 have\\none child Maudie M., born in August,\\n1, 1875. Owns 220 acres, valued at $40\\nper acre. Democrat.\\nBrown, T., far., S. 36 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nBuxton, S., far.,S. P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCAMPBELL, A. A., farmer, Sec. 19;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCarl, D., far.; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCloyd, C, far., S. 8 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCloyd, J. B., far., S. 16 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCloyd, Wm., far., S. 4 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCole, R. v., far., S. 7 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nColvin, W., far., S. 1 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCooper, A., retired far.; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nCupps, J., far. P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDAVIS, G., farmer. Sec. 21 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nDay, E. B., far., S. 10 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDay, W. A., far., S. 10 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDerby, C. W., r.; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDERBY, :N., former. Sec. 28 P. O.\\nBlakesburg born in Licking Co., Ohio,\\nin 1844 came to Wapello Co. in 1846.\\nMarried Martha J. Trussell in 1865\\nshe was born in Wapello Co.; have three\\nchildren William A., Harry F. and\\nMinnie P. Owns 140 acres of land,\\nvalued at $20 per acre. Enlisted Aug.\\n8, 1862, in Co. D, 36th Iowa V. L; was\\nin the battles of Helena, Ark., Little\\nRock and others was taken prisoner at\\nMark s Mill, Ark.; mustered out in Sep-\\ntember, 1875. W^as Road Supervisor\\ntwo years. Republican.\\nDonahue, J. P., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nDonahue, P., far.. Sec. 20 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nDorothy, A., far., S. 30 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDorothy, C, far., Sec. 31 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nDorothy, J. Q., far., Sec. 29 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0652.jp2"}, "653": {"fulltext": "ADAMS TOWNSHIP.\\nf 5S\\nDOTY, J. L.., farmer, Sec. 4 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg born in Trumbull Co.,\\nOhio, Aug. 10, 1816 came to Wapello\\nCo. March 7, 1870. Married Eliza-\\nbetli Smith Oct. 1, 1862 she was born\\nin York State in 1825 Mr. D. has three\\nchildren by former marriage John J.,\\nJames E., Charles C. two by present\\nwife Nancy and Arthur A. Owns\\n616 acres of land, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Members of the M. E. Church\\nRepublican.\\nDraper, Jno., far., S. 9 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDraper, J. W., far., S. 9 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDraper, W., far., S. 9 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nDye, v., far., S. 35 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nFIGtG, C. S., plastering and bricklay-\\ning, Blakesburg.\\nFern, B., far., S. 17; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nFenkhouser, D. E., far., S. 12; P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nFitzpatrick, J., far., S. 22; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nFRITZ, B., general merchandise and\\nfeed-mill, Blakesburg born in Ger-\\nmany came to Wapello Co. in 1857;\\nfarmed until 1863; then commenced\\nhis present business also engaged in\\nstock-raising. Married Anna Miller in\\n1857 she was born in Germany have\\nseven children Louisa F., William,\\nHenry, Matilda, George, Franklin and\\nGertie. Owns 574 acres. Held the\\noffice of School Director three years.\\nr^ ALEY, J., far., S. 3 P. 0. Blakes-\\nVX burg.\\nGaley, J. L., far., S. 3 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nGarlinghouse, J., Blakesburg.\\nGarrison, L., far., S. 35 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nGANSOK, A., far., S. 11; P. 0.\\nOttumwa; born in Germany in 1811;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1865. Married\\nTheresa Bowers in 1846 she was born\\nin Germany have nine children Ste-\\nphen (died in the army). Mart, Martin,\\nJoe, Fred, Mary, Kate, Matilda, Agnes.\\nOwns eighty acres of land, valued at\\n$20 per acre. Members of the Catholic\\nChurch; Democrat.\\nGlover, B., far., S. 24; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nGreen, J. P., far., S. 25; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nGreen, J. W., potter, Blakesburg.\\nHACKMAN, A., wagon-mkr., Blakes-\\nburg.\\nHanning, Wm., far.,S. 14; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nHardy, D. L., far., S. 7 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nHarron, V., far., S. 20; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nHeckard, J. A., far., S. 23 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nHendrickson, I., far., S. 9 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nHough, H., far., S. 30; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nHouh, W., far., S. 31 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nHull, G. W.. miller, Blakesburg.\\nHUNTER, E., far., S. 34; P. O.\\nAsh Grove, Davis Co. born in Greene\\nCo., in 1832. Married Margaret Owne\\nin 1856; she was born in Clay Co.,\\nInd., in 1838; their children are Jas-\\nper (died in 1861), Samuel M., Minerva\\nJ., Alice (died in 1861), Margaret E.,\\nDelilah F., Erastus, Marion, Clara A.\\nand Starling. Owns 518 acres, valued\\nat $15 per acre. Members of M. E.\\nChurch Democrat.\\nHusted, I., far., S. 7 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJACKSON, A., farmer, Sec. 3 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nJay, D., far., S. 29 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJay, J. P., far., S. 31 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJohn, G. W., far.,S. 12 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJohnes, R., far., S. 28 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJones, J. B.,far., S. 5 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJones, J. M., far., S. 14 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJones, J. W., far., S. 5; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nJONES, WM. R., farmer and fine\\nstock raiser, Sec. 5 P. 0. Blakesburg\\nborn in Shelby Co., Ky., 1831 came to\\nWapello Co. in 1868 since engaged in\\nfarming and raising Norman horses.\\nMarried Sophia J. Ham in 1851 she\\nwas born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1832\\nhave four children Horace G., Isaac\\nN., Rebecca E., Seleria F. Mr. Jones\\nwas President of School Board two\\nyears. School Director one year, and\\nRoad Supervisor one year. Owns 174\\nacres, valued at $20 per acre. Mem-\\nbers of Christian Church Liberal.\\nKASHNER, 0., fiirmer. Sec. 27 P.\\n0. Blakesburg.\\nKrudall, J., far., S. 24; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nKent, J., far., S. 16; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nKiphart, H., far., S. 1; P. 0. Blakesburg,\\nKline, J. T., far., S. 24 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nKoons, J., far., S. 23; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nKOSMAN, C, far.. Sec. 1 P. 0.\\nOttumwa born in Grusbeck, Holland,\\nMarch 7 came to Wapello Co. in\\n1857 has farmed since. Married", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0653.jp2"}, "654": {"fulltext": "654\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nEmily Hess in 1859 she was born in\\nPrussia in 1837 have six children\\nJohanna, Louis, Joseph J., Garrett,\\nBottious and Christian. Owns 400\\nacres, valued at $15 per acre. Was\\nRoad Supervisor two years. Members\\nof the Catholic Church Democrat.\\nKunney, J., Blakesburg.\\nKusbner, S., far., S. 24 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nLAFOLLETT, J. H., far., S. 8 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nLafollett, J., far., S. 8 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nLayne, J. T., ftir., S. 16 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nliOBER, JOHN, groceries, boots\\nand shoes, Blakesburg; born in Ger\\nmany in 1826 came to Wapello Co., in\\n1849 worked at shoemaking until\\n1875 then started present store. Mar-\\nried Dora Whitemau in 1850; she was\\nborn in Switzerland in 1828 have\\nthree children Frederick, Amelia and\\nLouisa. Owns 100 acres of land, val-\\nued an $1,500. Members of Lutheran\\nChurch Democrat.\\nLyon, E. M., far., S. 6 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMCALLISTER, M.,far., S. 8 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nMaitz, A., far., S. 28 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMaitz, J., far., S. 28 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMallalla, F., far., S. 15 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMartin, A., far., S. 15; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMARTZ, JAMES M., far., S. 28\\nP. 0. Blakesburg.\\nMIL-IiARD, SAMUEL, far.. Sec.\\n3 P. 0. Blakesburg born in Warren\\nCo., Ohio, in 1831 in 1831, he moved\\nto Carroll Co., Ind. in 1854, came to\\nWapello Co. Married Elizabeth Ryan\\nin 1854 she was born in Ohio in\\n1837 have twelve children John,\\nGeorge, Lewis, Emmeline, Clem, Cath-\\nerine, Henry, Ella J., Amanda, Viola,\\nMartha, Noah, Mary (died in 1876,\\naged 22 years). Owns 232 acres, val-\\nued at $20 per acre. Was Road Super-\\nvisor eight years and School Director\\ntwo years. Democrat.\\nMillard, M., far.. Sec. 5 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nMiller, L., far., Sec. 35; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nMyers, E., far., Sec. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMyers, R. A., far.. Sec. 24 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ISrriXON, J., farmer. Sec. 35 P. 0.\\n1 \\\\l Blakesburg.\\nIflCHOLS, M., farmer. Sec. 15 P.\\n0. Ottumwa born in Wapello Co., Iowa,\\nin 1851. Married Lizzie Reed in\\n1873 she was born in Wapello Co., in\\n1852 have one child Alvina. Owns\\n200 acres of land, valued at $15 per\\nacre. Has held the office of Road Su-\\npervisor one year. Democrat.\\nOVERTURE, S., firmer. Sec. 34;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg.\\npAISE, GEO., lab.; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPark, E., far., S. 22 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nParker, W., far., S. 23 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPatch, N., lab.; P. 0. Blakesbura;.\\nPeck, E., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPeck, M., far., S. 17; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPeck, W., far., S. 17 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPeck, Wm.,far., S. 17; P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nPratt, E., laborer, Blakesburg.\\nPratt, J., laborer, Blakesburg.\\nProctor, J., far., S. 23 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nRALSTON, WM., far., S. 14; P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nRowe, W., blacksmith, Blakesburg.\\nRush, J. M., far., S. 12; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRybolt, D., Postmaster, Blakesburg.\\nOCHWARTZ, L., far., S. 36; P. O.\\nlO Blakesburg.\\nSchwartz, L., far., S. 36 P. 0. Ash\\nGrove.\\nSchwartz, N.\\nShulas. J. R., far., S. 13 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSCHOECH, G., far., S. 29; P. 0.\\nBlakesburg born in Austria in 1828\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1856. Married\\nEmma Walther in 1856 she was born\\nin the kingdom of Wurtemberg in\\n1831 have ten children Charles,\\nTheresa, Gebhart, Harmon, Adolph,\\nOtto, Harry and Joe (twins), Walter,\\nMary H. Owns 240 acres, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Members of the Catholic\\nChurch. Mr. S. was in the Mexican\\narmy. Democrat.\\nSHEPHERD, D. W., far, Sec 2;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg born in Athens Co.,\\nOhio, in 1823 in 1825, moved to\\nMercer Co., Ohio; in 1842, moved to\\nIllinois in 1853, came to Wapello\\nCo. has since been engaged in farm-\\ning. Mr. Shepherd has three children\\nby first marriage Louisa J., Mary E.\\nand Rachel. His present wife s maiden", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0654.jp2"}, "655": {"fulltext": "KEOKUK TOWNSHIP.\\n655\\nname was Susan Vaughn; she was\\nborn in Pennsylvania in 1855 had six\\nchildren by this marriage Aaron J.,\\nCharles, James, Agnes, David, Susan\\n(died). Owns 400 acres, valued at $20\\nper acre. Was Road Supervisor three\\nyears. Democrat Mrs. S. is a member of\\nthe Christian Church.\\nSmith, A., far., S. 29 P. O. Blakesburg.\\nSmith, C. A., far., S. 29 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nSmith, D. W., far., S. 21 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nSmith, J. H., far., S. 29 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nSponsler, Alex., far., 8. 9 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nStewart, L. T.\\nTHOMPSON, C. J., blacksmith,\\nBlakesburg.\\nTinsley, G. W., far., S. 6 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nTinsley, T. N., far., S. 6; P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nTTNDELL, C. N., physician, Blakes-\\nvJ burg.\\nVAN CLEAVE, A. B., far., S. 10;\\nP. 0. Blakesburg.\\nVan Cleave, A. M., far.. Sec. 10; P. 0.\\nBlakesburg.\\nWARNER, C. R., far.. Sec. 6 P.\\n0. Blakesburg.\\nWebb, A. S. F., far., S. 9 P. 0. Blakes-\\nbursr.\\nWebb, H. S., far., S. 9 P.O. Blakesburg.\\nWellman, H., far., S. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWellman, J. W., fanner. Sec. 14 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nWellman, W. H., farmer, Sec. 13 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nWEST, J. R., farmer. Sec. 19 P. 0.\\nBlakesburg born in Monmouth Co.,\\nN. J., Oct. 13, 1820. Married Eliza-\\nbeth Addington in 1849 she was born\\nin Wayne Co., Ind., in 1820 have five\\nchildren Lenora 0., Philip C., Al-\\npheus G., Nancy E., Sarah A. Owns\\n140 acres, valued at $2,400. Was Road\\nSupervisor one year. Republican.\\nWhite, P., far., S. 35 P. 0. Blakesburg.\\nWilson, Robert, Blakesburg.\\nWOrX, C. Cr., blacksmith; Blakes-\\nburg; born in York Co., Maine, in\\n1844; came to Wapello Co., in\\n1871. Married Melissa Lyon in 1873\\nhave two children Hattie G. A. and Jes-\\nsie Gr. Enlisted in Co. B, 14th Massa-\\nchusetts; discharged in 1864; enlisted\\nagain in 1865, Co. I, 9th U. S. V.; dis-\\ncharged in 1866. Owns two an4 a half\\ntown lots, valued at $400. Republican.\\nWinecup, J., far.. Sec. 19 P. O. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nWinecup,R. C, far., Sec. 19 P. 0. Blakes-\\nburg.\\nWintermote, J., far.. Sec. 26.\\nKEOKUK TOWNSHIP.\\nOAILEY.\\nLives in Agency.\\nBilby, A. 0., far., Sec. 35 P. 0. Floris,\\nDavis Co.\\nBilby, J. F., far.. Sec. 36 P. 0. Floris,\\nDavis Co.\\nBOW\u00c2\u00a3R, D., farmer, Sec. 29; P.\\n0. Ottumwa born in Randolph Co.,\\nInd., in 1835 came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1845. Married Sarah Jennison\\nshe was born in Putnam Co., Ind\\nin 1836; has four children George\\nR., David H., Albert L. and Edgar\\nF. Owns 120 acres, valued at $10\\nper acre. Was Township Trustee\\ntwo years School Director five years.\\nMembers of the Christian Church\\nDemocrat.\\nBrown, Jas., far.. Sec. P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBurrows, R. S.\\nCOURTNEY, PAT., farmer. Sec. 32\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCross, Lem., far.. Sec.\\nDUNNING, WM.,\\nFloris, Davis Co.\\nHICKS, JAMES, farmer, Sec\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHite, Luther, far., S.\\nHome, Henry, far., S.\\nHowver, Sam l, far., S. 8\\ny EFLER, JOHN.\\nliA FORCE, JAMES, physician\\nP. 0. Floris, Davis Co.; born in Wood-\\nford Co., Ky., July 23, 1826; in 1827,\\nmoved to Scott Co., Ind.; in 1841,\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSec. 36; P. O.\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0655.jp2"}, "656": {"fulltext": "656\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nmoved to Jefferson Co., Iowa; in IS-IS,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; in 1849-50, stud-\\nied medicine; in 1850, went overland\\nto California, and engaged in mining\\nio 1851, came back to Wapello Co. and\\nfinished his medical course; in 1852,\\ncommenced the practice of medicine in\\nFloris, Davis Co., where he has since\\nresided. Enlisted in 1862, in the 7th I.\\nV. C, and was commissioned Surgeon\\nmustered out in 1864. Married Mary\\nJ. Black Aug. 2, 1854 she was born\\nin Ohio in 1831 has three children\\nFanny, Mattie and Jesse. Owns 200\\nacres of land, valued at S20 per acre.\\nMembers of the M. E. Church. Re-\\npublican.\\nLogan, J. J.\\nMCMILLAN, EPH., Sec. 34; P.O.\\nOttumwa.\\nMcINTIRE, W. A., Sec. 7 P. 0.\\nOttumwa County Superintendent of-\\nfice in Court House born in Wapello\\nCo., April 11, 1849; remained on his\\nfather s farm till 1870; attended college\\nat Ames till 1872 in 1873-74, engaged\\nin teaching school in Taylor Co., Iowa in\\n1875, bought his present farm, and has\\nsince been engaged in farming. Mar-\\nried Clara Goldsbury March 26, 1874;\\nshe was born in Ross Co., Ohio, July\\n25, 1849. Owns 60 acres, valued at\\n$35 per acre. In 1877, was elected\\nCounty Superintendent. Democrat.\\nMcIKTIRE, W. C, farmer. Sec. 7\\nP. 0. Ottumwa; born in Clark Co.,\\nOhio in 1819 in 1835, moved to Noble\\nCo., Ind., and engaged in farming; in\\n1841, came to Van Buren Co, in 1843,\\nto Wapello Co. Married Eliza A. Myres\\nin 1843 she was born in Greene Co.,\\nOhio, in 1821 have five children\\nHarry D., William A., Frank, Joseph\\nand John. Mr. M. held the office of\\nSchool Director ten year?. Township\\nClerk twelve years. Township Trustee\\ntwo years. Justice of the Peace one year,\\nRoad Supervisor four years and County\\nSupervisor three years. Owns 340 acres,\\nvalued at $40 per acre. Mrs. M. is a\\nmember of the M. E. Church Demo-\\ncrat.\\nMcMillan, John.\\nMcMichael, William.\\nMalumby, J., far., S. 19 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMajor, H. H.\\nMunroe, S. A., far., S. 34; P. 0. Floris,\\nDavis Co.\\nXTEIL, JOHN.\\nNeil, John W.\\nNewport, H.\\nBRIEN, MIKE.\\nO Brien, M.\\nO Connor, James.\\nOgg, Seth, far., S. 8 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPAGE, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 15\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPearick, W., far., S. 5 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPierce, James.\\nO ADER, S. J.\\nRambo, A. J., far., S. 32 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRobinson, S.\\nRupe, E., far., Sec. 7 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRupe, T.\\nRrPE, J. M., farmer. Sec. 27 P. O.\\nOttumwa born in Wapello. Co. in\\n1845. Married Mary J. Gee in 1866\\nshe was born in Gallia Co., Ohio, in\\n1846; have five children Thayer,\\nWayre, Drake, Guy, Lewis. Owns\\neighty acres, valued at $20 per acre.\\nEnlisted in 1864, in Co. E, 36th Iowa\\nV. I. mustered out in 1865. Repub-\\nlican.\\nRUPE, li. Z., farmer, Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nOttumwa born in Gallia Co., Ohio, in\\n1824 came to Wapello Co. in 1845,\\nand has since been engaged in farming.\\nMarried Mary M. Smith Nov. 24,\\n1844 she was born in Gallia Co., Ohio\\nin 1825 have seven children John.\\nM., Rosina, Christian, Addison, Emily,\\nMary, Daniel. Has held the office of\\nJustice ol the Peace since 1851 was\\nConstable five years. Secretary of the\\nBoard fifteen years. Road Supervisor\\none year, Township Clerk a number of\\nyears. Owns eighty acres, valued at\\n$1,500. Member of the Universalist\\nChurch Republican.\\nSAYLOR, J., farmer. Sec. P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nSedore, Harry, far.. Sec. 33 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nSedore, Jacob, far., S. 24 P. 0. Eldon.\\nSedore, J. B., far., S. 34 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSlutts, N S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nTEESDALE, THOS., farmer, Sec. 11\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0656.jp2"}, "657": {"fulltext": "PLEASANT TOWNSHIP.\\n657\\nTHOMAS, B., farmer, Sec. 33 P.\\n0. Floris, Davis Co. born in Fayette\\nCo., Ohio came to Wapello Co. in\\n1867, and has since been engaged in\\nfarming. Married Mary Willis she\\nwas born in Indiana. Owns 160 acres,\\nvalued at $35 per acre. Has seven\\nchildren William J., Minerva J.,\\nMartha A., Benjamin F., Mary P.,\\nEliza W., George W. Was Koad\\nSupervisor one year and School Director\\none year. Members of the U. B.\\nChurch Republican.\\nThomjjson, And.\\nThornton, Wm.\\nTraul, Thos.\\nWALLACE, CURTIS, farmer. Sec.\\n6 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWallace, Jesse, far., S. 6 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWallace, Wm.,far., S. 4 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWiley, J. M.\\nWolf John.\\nPLEASANT TOWNSHIP.\\nALLEN, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 8\\nP. 0. Agency City.\\nAllen, J. M. J., far., S. 10 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nALVERSOX, BENJAMIN, far..\\nSec. 36 P. 0. Batavia born Oct. 15,\\n1816, in Garrard Co., Ky.; in 1848,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; owns forty acres\\nof land, valued at $30 per acre. Mar-\\nried Celesta Hart in 1837 she was born\\nin 1816 in Garrard Co., Ky.; had eleven\\nchildren, seven living J. E., Mary E.,\\nLucinda F., Joseph H., William B.,\\nSarah A. and James B. Has been Con-\\nstable and Justice of the Peace. Dem-\\nocrat.\\nArthur, J., far., S. 7 P. 0. Agency City.\\nBARTHOLMEW, A. J., Sec. 35 P.\\n0. Batavia.\\nBedwell, D. S., far.. Sec. 9 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nBemir, H. A., far., S. 12 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nBlanchard, J., far., S. 23 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nBlanchard, W. T., farmer, Sec. 27 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nBlue, Jas., far., S. 21 P. 0. Agency City.\\nBunch, M., far., S. 25 P. 0. Batavia.\\nBumaugh, J. J., far. S. 11 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nCANNA W, F. C, farmer. Sec. 34 P.\\n0. Batavia.\\nCAMPBELL, WILLIAM, dec;\\nborn May 23, 1808, in Somerset Co.,\\nPenn.; died April 23, 1863. Married\\nElizabeth Hazlett Jan. 21, 1836, at\\nPetersburg, Penn.; she was born Sept.\\n2], 1806, in Preston Co., Va.; had nine\\nchildren, five living Catharine J. (now\\nMrs. Murray), Isabel A. (now Mrs.\\nMarsh), William H., Sue E. and Josie.\\nCame to this county in 1855 own 122\\nacres of land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nCyrus W. Preston was taken to raise at\\nthe age of 8 months still lives here,\\naged about 20 years. Mr. Campbell\\nrepresented this county in the Legisla-\\nture from 1858 to 1860. Family reside\\non Sec. 29 P. O. Agency City.\\nCarrman, J. B., far., S. 27 P. 0. Batavia.\\nCarson, C, fir., S. 16 P. 0. Agency City.\\nCARTER, JNO. H., far., S. 9 P.\\n0. Bladensburg; born July 18, 1833,\\nin Delaware in 1835, came with his\\nparents to Indiana in 1852, to\\nWapello Co. Owns 293 acres of land,\\nvalued at $35 per acre. Married\\nMartha Harmon in 1853 she was\\nborn Feb. 13, 1833, in Ohio came to\\nthis county with her parents May 1,\\n1843 have six children America,\\nSanford D., Juda A., Ara A., Charles\\nE. and Minnie E. Has been Township\\nTreasurer. Greenback er.\\nColeman, Charles, far., Sec. 21 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nColeman, Silas, far., S. 21 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nConally, Hugh, far., S. 32 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nCraig, M. G., far., S. 36 P. 0. Batavia.\\nCREAMER, H., far S. 34 P. O.\\nAgency City; born Sept. 29, 1814, in\\nClark Co., Ohio; in 1838, came to\\nColes Co., 111.; in 1848, to his present\\nfarm owns 280 acres of land, valued at\\n$50 per acre. Married Amanda", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0657.jp2"}, "658": {"fulltext": "658\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nLaughtin April 18, 1840 she was born\\nApril 10, 1820, in Sullivan Co., Tenn.;\\nhad eight children five living Rich-\\nard, Lucinda, Andrew J., John W. and\\nMargaret E. Thomas A, enlisted in\\n1861, in Co. F, 4th Iowa Cav.; died\\nJan. 23, 1863, in Keokuk, Iowa, of\\na disease contracted in the army Mary\\nM. died March 13, 1857, aged 4 years\\nCharles F. died Oct. 31, 1873, aged\\n16 years. Republican; M. E. Church.\\nDAILY, J., far., S. 15; P. 0. Bla-\\ndensburg.\\nDavidson, Robert, far., S. 1 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nDILLOlf, WLLIilAM H., far S\\n27 P. 0. Agency City born March\\n31, 1818, in Clark Co., Ohio; in 1850,\\ncame to Wapello Co. Owns 270 acres\\nof land, valued at $35 per acre. Mar-\\nried Louisa Rairdon Sept. 2, 1849 she\\nwas born in June, 1827 died Oct. 2,\\n1855; had three children; one living\\n^John R. Second marriage to Mary\\nTurner April 29, 1858 she was born\\nOct. 15, 1824, in Muskingum Co.,\\nOhio have one child Mary L. Re-\\npublican.\\nDoughty, A. S., far.,S. 34; P. 0. Batavia.\\nDowney, W., S. 12; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nEGGERS, ELIJAH, miller, Sec. 9\\nP. 0. Bladensburg.\\nFAIR, G. W., farmer. Sec. 18 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nFair, E. D., for., S. 18 P. 0. Agency City.\\nFAlfSHER, JOHN W., farmer.\\nSec. 26; P. 0. Batavia; born Sept. 20,\\n1830, in Fayette Co., Ohio in 1850,\\nwent to California in 1851 to Jefferson\\nCo., Iowa; in 1865, to Missouri; the\\nfollowing year came to his present farm\\nowns 230 acres, valued at $40 per acre.\\nMarried Martha J. Fleener in March,\\n1852; she was born in 1832, in Illinois\\nhad nine children, four living Thomas\\nH., John W., Harriet Ida and Eva E.\\nDemocrat. Mrs. F. is a member of the\\nM. E. Church.\\nFawcette, G. R., far., S. 15; P. 0. Bla-\\ndensburg.\\nFisher, H., Sec. 17; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nFLING, MASON, retired. Sec. 10\\nP. 0. Bladensburg born Nov. 3, 1805,\\nin Fairfax Co., Va. about 1832, he\\nwent to Perry Co., Ohio in 1853, to\\nWashington Co. the following year to\\nWapello Co. engaged in farming till\\n1872. Married Elizabeth Chilcoat in\\n1835 she was born in 1812, in Ohio\\ndied in November, 1860; had eight\\nchildren, six living Sarah A., George\\nW., Esther M., Margaret, Samuel and\\nLucinda lost one child in infancy\\nElizabeth died in 1860. aged 18 years\\nsecond marriage to Mrs. Branhard July\\n10, 1862 she was born March 1, 1816,\\nin Franklin Co., Va. has three children\\nby a former marriage James W.,\\nMartha E. and Emma. George W. and\\nJohn T. Branhard served in the late war.\\nJohn T. died at Davenport. Democrat\\nForest, J. B., far., S. 5 P. 0. Agency City\\nForest, D. W..far., S. 5 P. 0. Agency City.\\nForest, W., far., S. 5 P. 0. Agency Citv.\\nFoster, G. M., far.,S. 16 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nalLLIS, W. T., farmer, Sec. 15 P.\\n0. Bladensburg.\\nGiltner, A., far.,S. 18; P. 0. Agency City.\\nGlenn, A., far., S. 22; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nGlenn, J., S. 22 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nGoudy, A. J., Sec. 6 P. 0. Agency City.\\nGoudy, F., Sec. 6 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nGwynn, J., far.. S. 9; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nHAMERSLY, J. N., farmer, Sec. 3\\nP. 0. Agency City.\\nHanna, C. S.,far,S. 23; P. 0. Agency City.\\nHANNA, G. R., farmer Sec. 18\\nP. 0. Agency City born Nov. 8, 1803,\\nin Butler Co., Ohio the following year,\\ncame to Indiana with his parents in\\nin 1850, to Wapello Co. owns about\\ntwo hundred acres of land, valued at\\n$40 per acre. Married Mary Bridges\\nin 1824 she was born in Clermont Co.,\\nOhio had eight children, six living\\nJohn B., Thomas B., Jos. G., Calvin,\\nSarah Ann and Lotta J., now Mrs.\\nStar. Democrat.\\nHanna, J., far.. Sec. 18 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nHARMLAN, B. J., far., S. 5 P. 0.\\nAgency City; born May 15, 1828, in\\nHarrison Co., Ohio in 1842, came to\\nJefferson Co. May 1, 1843, removed to\\nWapello Co. owns 195 acres, eighty\\nacres entered by his father. Married\\nCatherine A. Dickens in 1851 she was\\nborn in 1830 in Ohio; died in 1853;\\nhave one son James second marriage\\nto Sarepta Cobler in 1858 she was\\nborn in 1839, in Indiana; have three", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0658.jp2"}, "659": {"fulltext": "PLEASANT TOWNSHIP.\\n659\\nchildren Harvy, Nancy C. and Clara\\nB.\\nHarmon, S., S. 15; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nHeady, A. J., far., S. 29 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nHeady, T. W., far., S. 10 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nHclman, J. B., far., S. 24 P. 0. Batavia.\\nHill, J., far., S. 21 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nHocking, W. D., Sec. 25 P. 0. Batavia.\\nHoudyshell, A. J., far., S. 16; P. 0. Bla-\\ndensburg.\\nHoward, J., far., S. 13; P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nT EES, D., far., Sec. 28 P. 0. Agency\\n_:^ City.\\nATTA, H., far., S. 26 P. 0. Batavia.\\nI.AWSOX, JOSEPH, far., S. 35\\nP. 0. Batavia born Aug. 9, 1830, in\\nIreland in 1840, went to Lancaster\\nCo., Penn. in 1842, to Belmont Co.,\\nOhio in 1855, to Wayne Co., Ind.\\nin 1866, came to his present farm\\nowns 276 acres, valued at $30 per acre\\nMarried Rachel Tulles Nov. 5, 1857\\nshe was born in 1832, in Guernsey Co.,\\nOhio, died Nov. 3, 1864 have four chil-\\ndren Sarah L., Anna E., James E.\\nand Luther T. second marriage to Mar-\\ngaret Wheeler Feb. 1, 1866; she was\\nborn in 1842, in Coshocton Co., Ohio.\\nMr. L.enlisted in 1863, in Co. M, 3d\\nIowa Cav. served to the end of the\\nwar. Republican.\\nLarwood,T.,far.,S.20 P. 0. Agency City.\\nLodrick, D., far.. Sec. 15 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nLong, S.,far., Sec. 22 P. 0. Agency City.\\nLoughery, T. B., S. 9; P.O. Bladensburg.\\nMcCLAIN, C. S., farmer, Sec. 12 P.\\n0. Agency City.\\nMcClain, J. 0., far., Sec. 1 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMcClain, R. B., far.. Sec. 2 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMcCLUXG, S. B., farmer, Sec. 6\\nP. 0. Agency City born Nov. 19, 1833,\\nin Montgomery Co., Ind.; in 1847,\\ncame to Wapello Co.; owns ninety -six\\nacres, valued at $35 per acre. Married\\nMary E. Thompson Feb. 3, 1856 she\\nwas born Dec. 25, 1838, in Illinois\\nhave three children Alice, Clara A.\\nand Fred. Republican.\\nMcConkey, D, S. 16 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nMcDowell, J. H., far., S. 17 P. 0. Agen-\\ncy City.\\nMcDowel, W., S. 11 P.O. Bladensburg.\\nMcGuire, H. H., far., Sec. 16 P. 0. Bla-\\ndensburg.\\nMcMlVN J. T., farmer. Sec. 34 P.\\nO. Agency City born Sept. 1, 1829, in\\nGreene Co., Penn.; in 1857, came to Wa-\\npello Co.; owns 185 acres of land, val-\\nued at $40 per acre. Married Miss\\nElizabeth Garrison May 1, 1851; she\\nwas born Nov. 6, 1830, in Greene Co.,\\nPenn., died July 30, 1868 have three\\nchildren John Orlando, Leonidas F.\\nand Minor L. Second marriage to Miss\\nMary E. Horn Sept. 22, 1870 she was\\nborn Sept. 23, 1840, in Indiana; died\\nFeb. 6, 1872 have one child Mari-\\netta. Third marriage to Miss Margaret\\nE. Denison June 17, 1873; she was\\nborn in Scott Co., 111., Sept. 17, 1835\\nher parents came to Wapello Co. in the\\nspring of 1843. He has been Presi-\\ndent and Secretary of the School Board.\\nRepublican. M. E. Church.\\nMARSH, SAMUEL, farmer. Sec.\\n35 P. 0. Batavia born Dec. 13, 1841,\\nin Greene Co., Tenn.; in 1844, came with\\nhis parents to Wapello Co. owns 236\\nacres of land, valued at $25 per acre.\\nMarried Isabella A. Campbell June 8,\\n1865 she was born March 4, 1842, in\\nPennsylvania had seven children, five\\nliving\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mary E., Martha J., Elma M.,\\nDavid and Hattie B. Democrat.\\nMiller, H. C, far., S. 21 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMiller, W. H., far., Sec. 6 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nMorrison, J. W., far., Sec. 26; P. 0.\\nBatavia.\\nMorrison, I. A., far., S. 35 P. 0. Batavia.\\nMORRISON, WM. R., farmer.\\nSec. 35 P. 0. Batavia born Feb. 6,\\n1819, in Strafford Co.,N. H. in 1838,\\ncame to Brighton, Mass. in 1850, came\\nto Van Buren Co. in 1865, removed to\\nhis present farm owns 280 acres of\\nland, valued at $30 per acre. Married\\nSusan M. Allen in May, 1840 she was\\nborn in April, 1818, in Danvers, Mass.;\\nhad five children, three living Isaac\\nA., John W. and George B. Democrat.\\nMuldoon, H., far., S. 12 P 0. Batavia.\\nMuldoon, B., S. 12 P. 0. Batavia.\\nMurry, J., far., S. 10 P. 0. Bladensburg.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0659.jp2"}, "660": {"fulltext": "660\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COr.VTT\\nMvros. J., tar.. S. 32 P. 0. Asrencv City.\\nliYERS. JACOB, farmer. Sec. 32\\nP. 0. Asenev Citv born Deo. 25.\\n1S12. in York Co. Penn. in 1S17,\\ncame with his parents to Preble Co.,\\nOhio; in 1S30, came to Fountain Co.,\\nInd. in June, 1S43. came to Wapello\\nCo. owns 200 acres of land, which he\\nentered. M:\\\\rried Lavinia White in\\n1840 she was born in ISIS in Fleming\\nCo.. Ky. died in 1865 had five chil-\\ndren, two living Ezra W. and Walter\\nD. second marriage to 3Irs. Agnes\\nBrumbaugh Sept. 24, 1S66 she was\\nborn in Somerset Co., Penn.. March 13.\\n1S25 she ha^ three children by a former\\nmarriage John H.. Eli H. and Upton\\nR. Brumbaugh Ezra W. enlisted in\\nAugust, 1S62, in Company E. 22d Iowa\\nInfantry was disohiirged in the fall on\\naccount of sickness.\\nVTErSOX. T. J., farmer. Sec. 2S\\n1\\\\ P. 0. Agency City born Sept.\\n24, 1826, in Pauphin Co.. Penn. when\\nabout 6 years old came, with his parents,\\nto Steuben Co., X. Y. in 1S39, to\\nWayne Co., Ohio; in 1851. to Wapello\\nCo. owns seventy acres land, valued\\nat S30 per acre. Married Mrs. Temple\\nMarch 12. 1852 she was born Nov. 15,\\n1810. in Marshall Co.. Ky. have one\\nchild T. W. she has four children by\\na former marriage Wm. K., Henry C.\\nJames A. and Saiah L.. now Mrs.\\nWilliams. Was four years a member\\nof the Board of Supervisors is Justice\\nof the Peace: Eepublican.\\nOBRIENT. J., farmer. Sec 20 P. 0.\\nAsencv Citv.\\nPALMER. T. B., farmer. Sec. 21:\\nP. 0. Agency City.\\nParker. W. F.. Postmaster. Sec. 10\\nBladensburs.\\nPERRY. E YIIAX. flirmer. Sec 35\\nP. 0. Batavia born April 15, 1806,\\nin Washington Co., Ohio; in 1851,\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1854. returned\\nto Ohio in 1856, returned to Wapello\\nCo. the following year went to Kansas\\nand ensraged in general merchandise\\ntrade about fourteen years in 1868. he\\ncame to his present tarm owns 66A\\nacres land, valued at S25 per acre has\\nbeen engaged in merchandise business\\nfor thirty-seven years carried on the\\nwholesale srocerv trade in Lawrence.\\nKansas, three years of this time. Mar-\\nried Jane Armstrong Feb. 5. 1829\\nshe was born in 1812. in Adams Co..\\nOhio died Oct. 28. 1846 have three\\nchildren Evaline. Amanda and James\\nS. second marriage to Tabitha Noel\\nDee. 17, 1847 she was born May 12,\\n1826 died Sept. 12, 1852 have two\\nchildren Nancy Jane and Ann E.\\nhis next marriage to Louisa McCall\\nMay 24. 1854; she was born Nov. 15.\\n1828 died in 1858. in Ohio have\\none child C. M. last marriage to\\nNancy C. Murden May 29, 1861 she\\nwas born June 11, 1838. in Logan Co..\\nKy. have three children John L..\\nHarrv M. and Elmer A. Republican.\\nPhillip. J. S.. far.. Sec. 20 P. 0. Asrencv\\nCitv.\\nPiersol. J. B.. far.. Sec. 21 P. 0. A^encv\\nCitv.\\nPoweison. L., far.. Sec. 13 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nPurson. H.. farmer. Sec. 23 P. 0. Agency\\nCitv.\\nRENO. J., former. Sec. 14; P. 0.\\nBladensburg.\\nReno. J. S.. tarmer. Sec. 23 P. 0.\\nAiiencv Citv.\\nREXO. XOR3IAX. farmer. Sec.\\n12 P. 0. Batavia born Jan. 28. 1836.\\nin Beaver Co.. Penn. in 1842, went to\\nBartholomew Co.. Ind. in 1855, came\\nto Wapello Co. owns 295 acres of laud\\nvalued at $25 per acre. Married Mary\\nE. Gillis Dec. 9. 1865 she was born\\nDec. 6. 1845, in Wapello Co. died\\nMarch 23. 1870; had one child Cora\\nA. second marriage to Matilda Smith\\nMarch. 1871 she was born in 1852 in\\nWapello Co. have three children\\nJohn E.. Mary E. and Frank H. En-\\nlisted in 1861 in Co. E. 3d Iowa Cavalry:\\nserved to the end of the war. Is Treas-\\nurer of the School Board. Republican.\\nReno. W. S., farmer. Sec. 23 P. 0.\\nAsencv City.\\nRiffle. W former. Sec. 29 P. 0. Asencv\\nCity.\\nRoyce, H.. former. Sec. 3 P. 0. Agency\\nCitv.\\nSANDS. M., former. Sec. 17; P.O.\\nAireuov Citv.\\nSAXDS, \\\\ATHAXIEE, farmer.\\nSec. 17; P. 0. Agency City; born\\nNov. 24, 1809, in Washinston Co..", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0660.jp2"}, "661": {"fulltext": "PLEASANT TOWNSHIP.\\n661\\nTenu. in 1845, came to Wapello Co.\\nowns 140 acres of land, which he en-\\ntered, valued at $35 per acre. Married\\nSarah McCall in 1832. She was born\\nMarch 12, 1811, in Washington Co.,\\nTenn. had eight children, six living\\nWilliam M. (Ann Eliza and Amanda\\nJane are twins), Elizabeth, Z. M.\\nMartha and Francis M. Republican.\\n:SANI S, WIIiLIAM II., farmer.\\nSec. 17 P. 0. Agency City born\\nMay 21, 1832, in Washington Co.,\\nTenn. in 1845, came to Wapello has\\nresided here since, except three years\\nspent in Idaho; owns 140 acres land,\\nvalued at $35 per acre. Married\\nNancy A. Finley, in September 1 870. She\\nwas born in 1846, in Tennessee. Have\\ntwo children Mary F. and Charles N.\\nRepublican.\\nShaw, L. W., far., S. 11 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nSHAW, P. C, farmer. Sec. 11 P.\\n0. Bladensburg; born June 22, 1815,\\nin Chester Co., Penn.; in 1829, went to\\nBrown Co., Ohio; in 1841, to Illinois;\\nin 1842, to Van Buren Co.; May 1,\\n1843, came to Wapello Co.; owns 160\\nacres of land, valued at $35 per acre.\\nMarried Mary A. Fry Feb. 8, 1839\\nshe was born Aug. 5, 1815, in Chester\\nCo., Penn.; had nine children, eight liv-\\ning\u00e2\u0080\u0094 L. W., J. N., E. A., F. M., a. W.,\\nT. B., Clarise and J. B.; lost Sarah A.,\\naged six years. In 1862, he was com-\\nmissioned sutler in the 80th Ohio V.\\nI.; held this position till the end of the\\nwar. L. W. enlisted in 1862 in the\\n17th Iowa V. I.; served to the end of\\nthe war. J. N. enlisted in 1862 served\\nabout one year; was discharged on ac-\\ncount of a wound received at the battle\\nof Shiloh. Has held about all the town-\\nship offices. Republic;xn.\\nShearer, G. M., for., S. 3 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nShearer, J., far., S. 4 P. 0. Agency City.\\nShearer, J. L., far., S. 4; P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nSHEARER, j; W., DR., Bladens-\\nburg born Oct. 28, 1835, in Marion\\nCo., Ind.; in 1856, came to Missouri\\nin 1861, enlisted in the 10th Mo. V. I.;\\nserved three years then came to Bla-\\ndensburg commenced the study of med-\\nicine in 1860; attended the medical\\ndepartment of the State University at\\nKeokuk in 1864 and 1865 then com-\\nmenced the practice of his profession.\\nMarried Emma Weaver April 11, 1873\\nshe was born in Indiana have one child\\nEstella B., aged 4 years. Republi-\\ncan.\\nSHEPARD, L. S., farmer. Sec. 2;\\nP. 0. Batavia born Feb. 14, 1842, in\\nMiddlesex Co., Conn. in 1865, came\\nto Illinois in 1869, came to Wapello\\nCo. owns 405 acres of land, valued at\\n$25 per acre. Married Hannah A.\\nHandlon June 27, 1867 she was born\\nin July, 1836, in Madison Co., 111.\\nhave three children Sarah A., Ella\\nM. and Lue Eda she has five children\\nby a former marriage Henry, Emma,\\nGeorge W., Clara B. and James A.\\nPayne. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. B,\\n22d Conn. V. I. served about two\\nyears. Is President of the School Board.\\nRepublican.\\nSimmons, S.,far., S. 1 P. 0. Agency City.\\nSMITH, ELIAS, farmer. Sec. 16\\nP. 0. Bladensburg born Jan. 8, 1810,\\nin Madison Co., Ohio in 1836, came to\\nIllinois in 1837, to Jefferson Co. in\\n1864, removed to Wapello Co. owns\\neighty acres of land, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Married Elizabeth Busick Jan.\\n21, 1830 she was born Aug. 7, 1813,\\nin Highland Co., Ohio; have six chil-\\ndren Samuel, Rachel A., Edward J.,\\nMarion, Carlisle and Sarah E. second\\nmarriage to Mrs. Auzolette Warner\\nJan. 8, 1850 she was born Jan. 21,\\n1819, in Greene Co., N. Y. have three\\nchildren Lucinda J., William C. and\\nMary Z. she had two children by a\\nformer marriage Nevin W. and Phebe\\nA. Warner. Christian Church Repub-\\nlican.\\nSmock, A. C, fiir., S. 26; P. 0. Batavia.\\nStebbens, George A., farmer. Sec. 21 P.\\n0. Agency City.\\nSTERBfER, EMANUEL, far..\\nSec. 28 P. 0. Agency City born\\nDec. 8, 1828, in Somerset Co., Penn.\\nin 1864, came to Wapello Co. owns\\n118 acres of land, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Married Elizabeth Weimer in\\n1850 she was born Dec. 6, 1826, in\\nSomerset Co., Penn. have four chil-\\ndren David, Adaline, Ezra and John\\nA. Republican.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0661.jp2"}, "662": {"fulltext": "662\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nTAYLOR, J., fi^rmer, Sec. 35 P. 0.\\nBatavia.\\nThompson, L., far., S. 15 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nTimmons, J., far., S. 10 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nYP]ACH, E. T., far., Sec. 9 P. 0.\\nBladensburg.\\nVeach, J., far., S. 22 P. 0. Agency City.\\nWAEDER, A. D., far.,S. 6; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nWarder, F. S., far., S. 6 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWarder, J. C, far., S. 6 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWARDER, II. C, far., S. 7 P. 0.\\nAgency City; born Nov. 12, 1848, in\\nOhio in 1852, came with his parents\\nto Wapello Co. Owns ninety-seven\\nacres of land, valued at $30 per acre.\\nMarried Nancy Carson April 22, 1873\\nshe was born in 1856 in Wapello Co.;\\nhave three children Madison C, Effie\\nB. and Nancy M. Democrat.\\nWheeler, S., far., S. 34 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWHITXEY, WII^LIAM H.,\\nfar.. Sec. 10 P. 0. Bladensburg born\\nMarch 12, 1816, in Windsor Co., Vt.;\\nin 1831, came to Niagara Co., N. Y.;;\\nin 1849, came to Portage City, Wis.;\\nin 1867, removed to his present farm.\\nOwns forty acres of land, valued at\\n$40 per acre. Married Mary Bixby\\nSept. 17, 1840 she was born March 6,\\n1821 died Jan. 28, 1853 have two\\nchildren Charles P. and Frank N.\\nSecond marrige to Maria L. Spear in\\n1861 she was born in 1821 in Bur-\\nlington, Vt.; have one child Hubert\\nhas been Township Assessor and Trustee.\\nRepublican.\\nWilkinson, G.. far., S. 11; P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nWilkinson, J., far.. Sec. 1 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWilson, J., far., S. 25 P. 0. Batavia.\\nWilson, W., far., S. 36; P. 0. Batavia.\\nWilson, Wiley, far., S. 24 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nWorley, M., far., S. 9 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nWright, T., far., S. 15 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nT EAGER, J., farmer. Sec. 17 P. 0.\\nBladensburg.\\nYeager, L. D., far., S. 10 P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg.\\nYeager, P., far.. Sec. 8 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nGREEN TOWNSHIP.\\nABRAHAM, NELS, farmer, Sec. 17;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nAuraack, C. H., Sees. 11 and 14; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nAumack, F., S. 11 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBACHMAN, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 7\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRACHMAX, F. I.., far., Sec. 30 P.\\nO.Ormanville born in Prussia, in 1815;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in the spring of\\n1849 has since engaged in farming.\\nMarried Susanna Spangler; she was born\\nin Northampton Co., Penn., in 1820\\nhas eleven children Susanna, August,\\nMiria, Charles W., John F., Lauretta,\\nHenry, Rosa, Samuel, George S. and\\nFrederick. Has held all the township\\noffices. Owns 200 acres, valued at $20\\nper acre. Members of the Evangelical\\nChurch; Democrat.\\nBaum, J. F., S. 16; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBaum, M., far., S. 10; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBelgard, E., far., S. 25; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBenson, J., far., S. 33 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nBortz, S., far., S. 9 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBoyce, H., far., S. 27 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRLYSTOl^TE, S. S., Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nOrmanville born in Crawford Co., Penn.,\\nSept. 3, 1826; came to Wapello Co. in\\n1861, and worked at the shoemaking\\ntrade until 1866; since then has been\\nfarming. Married Louisa Peters Nov.\\n8, 1849 she was born in Venango Co.,\\nPenn has two children Joseph, aged\\n19 years; William F., aged 16 years.\\nWas Sub- School Director one year,\\nSecretary of School Board one year,\\nAssessor two years, Justice of the\\nPeace seven years. Township Clerk two\\nyears. Owns eighty acres, valued at $20\\nper acre. Is an Elder in the Christian.\\nUnion Church Democrat.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0662.jp2"}, "663": {"fulltext": "GREEN TOWNSHIP.\\n663\\nBrown, J. A., far., S. 18 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nBurton, David, Sees. 5 and 6 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nBurton, Wm., far.. S. 6 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCOCKEREL, S. S., farmer, Sec. 14\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCrane, A. G., far., S. 9 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nCRIPS, W. S., farmer. Sec. 1 P.\\n0. Ottumwa; born in Ross Co., Ohio,\\nMarch 22, 1840 came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1851, and has since been engaged in\\nfarming. Married Rosa Jeffries July\\n16, 1872 she was born in Wapello Co.;\\nhave one child Benjamin, born March\\n12, 1875. Mrs. Crips is a member of\\nthe M. E. Church Republican. Owns\\n128 acres, valued at $4,000.\\nDEITCH, PETER, farmer. Sec. 5\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nEAKINS, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 31;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nEakins, Samuel, far., Sec. 31 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nElkins, Edgar, far., S. 33 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nEYRE, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 11\\nP. 0. Ottumwa born in Fayette Co.,\\nOhio, May 9, 1823 came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1856, and has since been engaged\\nin farming. Married Hannah E. Mc-\\nClure in 1845 she was born in High-\\nland Co., Ohio, May 9, 1827 has four\\nchildren Sarah E., born Nov. 23,\\n1849 (married G. L. Shaul and lives in\\nPage Co., Iowa) Mary E., born May\\n15, 1848 (married A. B. Saum, also\\nlives in Page Co.) James W., born\\nSept. 13, 1846, and died in 1857;\\nEldridge L., born Nov. 17, 1851, and\\ndied in 1853. Mr. J:yre owns 240\\nacres, valued at $40 per acre. Has\\nheld the office of Steward and Director\\nof County Poor Farm ten years. Mem-\\nbers of the M. E. Church; stanch\\nRepublican.\\nFINLEY, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 10;\\nP. 0. Ottumwa.\\nFarley, J. H., physician, Ormanville.\\npi EE, CHRISTIAN, Sec. 24; P. 0.\\nvX Ormanville.\\nGift, Wm., Sec. 11 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHARSH, GEORGE, Sec. 2; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nHarsh, Gotlieb, far., S. 10 P.O.Ottiimwa.\\nHARNESS, F., Jr., merchant, Or-\\nmanville; born in Darke Co., Ohio,\\nAug. 15, 1851. Enlisted at Fort Fred\\nSteel Nov. 1, 1871; mustered out at\\nPort Gibson Nov. 1, 1876 belonged to\\nCo. H, 13th Regular Infantry; in\\n1870 and 1871, Mr. H. was out on the\\nfrontier, hunting and scouting, taken\\nprisoner by the Sioux renegades and\\nheld in captivity thirteen weeks, suffer-\\ning innumerable horrors has been with\\nthe Utes (can speak their language),\\nSioux, Cheyennes and Arrapahoes has\\nbeen in several skirmishes wounded\\nonce in the hip by an arrow. In 1876,\\nstarted a store in Ormanville keeps a\\ngeneral stock of dry goods, groceries,\\netc.\\nHauk, A. K., far., S. 29 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHauk, A. S., far., S. 32; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHauk, G. W., far., S. 32 P. O. Ottumwa.\\nHeckart, C, miller, Ormanville.\\nHeckart, J. far., S. 17 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nHeckart, J., far., S. 28 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nHeckart, M., far., S. 28 P. O. Ormanville.\\nHeslin, T., S. 23 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nHicks, A. J., far., S. 29; P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nHill, J. F., Sec. 21 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nHollingsworth, J. G., far., S. 11 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nHOL.L.INGSWORTH, J. W.^\\nfarmer. Sec. 14 P. O. Ottumwa born\\nin Frederick Co., Va., July 31, 1812;\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1844; engaged\\nin farming since, except two years oper-\\nating a mill. Married Nancy Muhuem\\nshe was born in Clinton Co., Ohio, Dec.\\n22, 1820 have five children Thomas\\nW., Sarah E., Henry C, Frances A.\\nand James P. Owns 160 acres of land,\\nvalued at $4,000 was Township Clerk\\none year. School Director one year and\\nRoad Supervisor one year. Mrs. H. is\\na member of the M. E. Church Green-\\nbacker.\\nHollingsworth, T. W., far., S. 11.\\nIRELAND, J. A., Sec. 35 P. 0. Or-\\nmanville.\\nJACKSON, J. B., Sec. 34 P. 0. Or-\\nmanville.\\nJackson, R., far., S. 15; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nJohnson, John, Sec. 5 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nJones, J., Sec. 31 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nKENDALL, ABRAHAM, Orman-\\nville.\\nKendall, A. R., S. 30 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nKendall, Elisha, S. 33 P. 0. Ormanville.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0663.jp2"}, "664": {"fulltext": "664\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY:\\nKendall, F. M., S. 29 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nKendall, J., S. 19 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nKennedy, W.; S. 14 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKing, C. D., Sees. 16, 21, 22 and 15 P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nKing, J., far., Sec. 15 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKing, M., Sec. 15; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKisinger, J., Sec. 18 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nKlingler, F., Sr., S. 28 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nKlingler, Fred, Jr., Sec. 31 P. 0. Or-\\nmanville.\\nLANDEN, J. W., S. 33 P. 0. Or-\\nmanville.\\nLeonard, M., Jr., S. 33 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nLunkley, F., far., S. 3 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMcCUE, DANIEL, S. 22; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nMcCune, J. T., S. 12 and 13; P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nMcGrath, J., far., S. 26 P. 0. Corbin,\\nDavis Co.\\nMADISOX, G. A., HON., Sec.\\n2 P. 0. Ottumwa born in Juniata\\nCo., Penn, Feb. 22, 1818; in 1840,\\nhe moved to Huntingdon Co., Penn.,\\nand engaged in wagon and coach making\\nuntil 184:2. From 1842 to 1845,\\nstudied law with Maj. Campbell, now\\nliving in Davenport. In 1849, went to\\nBlair Co., and engaged in the lumber\\nbusiness until the fall of 1855 came to\\nIowa in the winter of 1855-56 landed\\nat Dubuque stayed there for a short\\ntime, and from there went to Davenport.\\nIn the spring of 1856, entered a sec-\\ntion of land in Adair Co. came to\\nWapello Co., July 4, 1856 purchased\\n160 acres in Davis Co., and started a\\nsteam circular mill, the first one of the\\nkind in the West ran the mill for\\neleven months, and sold out to John\\nHarrow for property in Ottumwa. In\\nthe fall of 1857, he returned to Pennsyl-\\nvania, and from there went to Cuba and\\nspent the following winter; in the spring of\\n1858, he returned to Wapello Co., and\\npurchased of James Pumroy a steam\\nmill ran this mill until the summer of\\n1862, then rented it. Raised two com-\\npanies in Wapello Co. and went to\\nKeokuk with them at Keokuk the\\nCompanies were divided Mr. Madison\\nwas appointed Captain of Co. D, 15tli\\nIowa Volunteers, and John M. Hedrick\\nof Co. K was in the battles of\\nShiloh and Corinth was wounded at\\nthe battle of Corinth and a number of\\nothers resigned in 1863, and came\\nhome. In the spring of 1864, crossed\\nthe plains to Montana and Idaho re-\\nturned in December the same year, and\\nengaged in partnership with J G. Baker\\nand L. E. Gray, in getting out ties for the\\nC, B. Q. R. R.^ They furnished ties\\nfor the railroad, from Ottumwa to the\\nMissouri River. Since then has been\\nengaged in farming, building, etc. Mr.\\nMadison owns 1,600 acres of land in\\nthis county, and about 2,000 acres in\\nother counties. In 1875, was elected\\nRepresentative for the Sixth District.\\nIn 1877, was elected Senator for the\\nThirteenth District. Married Sarah J.\\nLivingston Nov. 15, 1863 she was\\nborn in Shelby Co., Ind., in 1839. Has\\nthree children at present attending\\nschool at Ottumwa Ellen C, Mary L.\\nand Rhoda A. Mr. Madison is Demo-\\ncrat.\\nMann., I., far., S. 28 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nMARTZ, JAMES,\\nMendenhall, Ira, S. 16; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMICHAEL, D. H., farmer, Sec. 1\\nP. 0. Ottumwa; born in Franklin Co.,\\nTenn., Feb. 14, 1819; when a few\\nmonths old, his family moved to Bond\\nCo., 111. in 1834, moved to Hamilton\\nCo., Ind. in 1844, went to Missouri\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1845 and pur-\\nchased his present farm. Married Jane\\nHull Oct. 30, 1848 she was born in\\nTrumbull Co., Ohio, May 3, 1826 was\\nmarried first to Elizabeth Shaw she\\ndied March 17, 1843 had one child by\\nhis first wife Lee J. and four by his\\npresent wife 0. H., Hiram F., Benj.\\nF., Harvey W. Owns 435 acres in Wa-\\npello Co. and 160 acres in Lucas Co.,\\nIowa. Was Sheriff in 1853 and 1854\\nCounty Supervisor five years has held\\nmost of the township oifices. Members\\nof the M. E. Church Republican.\\nMICHAEL, LEE J., farmer. Sec.\\n2 P. 0. Ottumwa born in Indiana in\\n1843 came to Wapello Co. in 1843\\nhas sinoe engaged in farming. Married\\nMary H. Crips in 1862 she was born\\nin Ross Co., Ohio, in 18 45 have five\\nchildren Ella, Ada, Mary H., Alice,\\nFrank L. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1862, in\\nCompany B, 36th Iowa Infantry was", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0664.jp2"}, "665": {"fulltext": "GREEN TOWNSHIP.\\n665\\ncommissioned 2d Lieut, of 46th U. S.\\nC. I. Oct. 6, 1863 was commissioned\\n1st Lieut, of same company Oct. 7,\\n1864 commissioned Capt. of same Oct.\\n19, 1865 owns eighty acres, valued at\\n$2,000. Members of M. E. Church\\nRepublican.\\nMilburn, J. E., S. 34; P. 0. Ormanville.\\nMONT AG NE, HEINRICH,\\nfar., S. 12; P. 0. Ottumwa born in\\nOldenburg, Germany came to Wapello\\nCo. in 18 76. Married EHze Dinklage\\nin 1877; she was born in Oldenburg,\\nGermany. Owns eighty acres, valued\\nat $30 per acre. Democrat.\\nMurphy, J., far., S. 2 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nMontague, H., S. 1 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\n^NTTEIL, DANIEL, S. 12 P. 0. Ot-\\n1 l tumwa.\\nNeil, W. J., S. 25 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nO BRIEN, JOHN, S. 1; P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nO Brien, Luke, S. 12 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nOrman, Andrew, S. 32 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nOrman, David, S. 33 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nOsterberg, Mathew, S. 4 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nOwings, H. B., S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPARKER, J. A., S. 6 P. 0. Ottum-\\nwa.\\nParker, Solomon, S. 6 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPainter, R. N., S. 21 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nParson, H. P., Sees. 7 and 8 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nPeters, H. C, S. 12 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPhillips, George, S. 7 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPowell, Wm., S. 20 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nProsser, John, Sees. 2 and 11; P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nPrescott, Nathaniel, S. 9 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nPumroy, Grimes, S. 21 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRANDALL, SAMUEL, Sec. 9; P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nHeed, Benjamin, Sees. 8, 16 and 17; P.\\n0. Ottumwa.\\nRenfrew, John, S. 18 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nReinhard, Henry, S. 30 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nRobinson, H. W., S. 35 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nRoch, John, S. 3 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRodges, Isaac, S. 22 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRogers, Daniel E., S. 26 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRoot, F. L., S. 9 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nROYSD-ON, NATHAN, farmer,\\nSec. 19 P. O. Ottumwa born in Fay-\\nette Co., Ind., in 1831, came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1856, has since engaged in farm-\\ning. Married Elizabeth Williams in\\n1854 she was born in Franklin Co.,\\nInd., in 1832 has six children Flor-\\nence, Morris, Malcolm, Grant, Adelia,\\nElva. Members of the M. E. Church.\\nMr. R. was Road Supervisor one year.\\nOwns 80 acres, valued at $20 per acre.\\nRepublican.\\nRufl ng, Jacob, Sec. 12 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRupe, J. M., Sec. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRupe, Wm. H., Sec. 36 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nRush, Ezekiel, Sec. 13; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nRush, James, Sec. 34 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nOAWYER, WM., Sec. 14; P. 0. Ot-\\nk3 tumwa.\\nScott, Mathew, Sec. 10 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nShewey, John, Sec. 36 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nSkinner, J. B., Sec. 36 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nSmith, Andrew, Sec. 36 P. 0. Orman-\\nville.\\nSmith, A. W., See. 36 P. 0. Ormanville.\\nSmith, San ford, Sec. 8 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSTEINHOFF, FREDERICK,\\nfarmer, Sec. 17 P. 0. Ottumwa born\\nin Breicherode, Germany, Feb. 22,\\n1815 came to America in 1838 went\\nto Cincinnati, Ohio worked in Gra-\\nham s paper-mills for four years in\\n1842, came to Iowa engaged in mak-\\ning gardens, etc., for sixteen years in\\n1865, came to Wapello Co., and has\\nsince farmed; owns 126 acres, valued\\nat $35 per acre. Married Louisa Quada\\nat St. Louis in 1843 have three chil-\\ndren Louis, age 24 years; Sophia,\\nage 21 years; Minnie, age 16 years.\\nRepublican.\\nStice, A., S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSwartz, Chas., S. 7 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nSwartz, Philip, Sees. 7 and 8 P. 0. Ot-\\ntumwa.\\nrpAYLOR, JAMES, Sec. 21.\\nTennison, J., S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nThomas, G. W., S. 27 P. O. Ottumwa.\\nThompson, D., S. 15 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nToothacre, T., S. 18 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nTillotson, A. G., S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nTillotson, H. D., S. 24 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nyTLMER, MORRIS, Sec. 33 P. 0.\\nKJ Ottumwa.\\nTTANDALS, CORNELIUS, Sec. 5.\\nVan Tine, Eph, S. 28 P. 0. Ottumwa.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0665.jp2"}, "666": {"fulltext": "666\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY;\\nWALKEH, ELIJAH, Sec. 6 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nWallace, W., S. 11 P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nWilkinson, L. B., Sec. 13.\\nWood, John T., Sec. 28.\\nWORKMAX, J. W., farmer Sec.\\n22 P. 0. Ottumwa born in Coshocton\\nCo., Ohio, May 26, 1840. Married i\\nPhebe Barnes Aug. 2, 1865 she was\\nborn in Holmes Co., Ohio has three\\nchildren Lovie L., Maggie M. and\\nGeorge W. Was Assessor two years,\\nTownship Trustee two years, President\\nof the School Board two years, Road\\nSupervisor one year. Owns 149 acres,\\nvalued at $20 per acre came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1868 has farmed since. Mrs.\\nW. is a member of the Baptist Church\\nDemocrat.\\nWyatt, E. S., Sec. 28.\\nWifat, Wilhelm, S. 16; P. 0. Ottumwa.\\nYOKEY, HENRY, Sec. 25 P. 0.\\nOttumwa.\\nCOMPETINE TOWNSHIP.\\nALEXANDER, WILLIAM, farmer.\\nSees. 2 and 3 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nArgenbright, David, farmer. Sec. 8 P. 0.\\nMartinsburg.\\nBARTLETT, JAMES, farmer. Sec.\\n3 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nBartels, P., far., S. 20 P. 0. Abingdon.\\nBeam, William, far., Sees. 14 and 23 P.\\n0. Competine.\\nBear, Jacob, laborer, Competine.\\nBrison, Jerry, blacksmith and farmer. Sec.\\n20; P. 0. Competine.\\nBIIRNAIJOH, JAMES, farmer,\\nand dealer in stock, S. 33; P. 0. Bladens-\\nburg born in Clermont Co., Ohio,\\nAug. 15, 1828; came to Illinois in\\n1844; came to Wapello Co. Nov. 18,\\n1864. Married Miss Mary A. Hughey;\\nshe was born in Highland Co., Ohio,\\nAug. 14, 1836 have five children\\nAlexander J., Lyda E., Ellie M., Jessie\\nB., Bertha C. lost two Rachel A.\\nand William A. Members of the M. PI\\nChurch. Owns 310 acres, valued at\\n$35 per acre. Republican.\\nBurtnette, C, far. P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nCOY AN, GEORGE, farmer; P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nCOPEI.AlfD, A. H., Sec. 34; P. 0.\\nCompetine; born in Shelby Co., Ind.,\\nFeb. 11, 1854 came to Wapello Co. in\\n1871. Married Miss Annie M. Slater\\nMarch 9, 1872 have one child\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Israel\\nL. lost one. Members of the M. E.\\nChurch. Mrs. C. was born in Jefferson\\nCo., Iowa, Sept. 24, 1854. Republican.\\nCopeland, John T., Competine.\\nCowger, G. M., physician, Competine.\\nCowger, J. D., far., S. 27 P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nCayan, H., far.; P. 0. Competine.\\nCline, W. W.,far., S. 25 P. O. Abing-\\ndon, JeflPerson Co.\\nCoyan, W. G., far.; P. 0. Competine.\\nCraft, Lee, far., S. 7 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nCRITHFIEI.D, B., S 27 P 0.\\nCompetine; born in Knox Co., Ohio,\\nAug. 30, 1827, where he followed farm-\\ning and raising stock came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1856. Married Miss Harriet\\nParker Oct. 17, 1849 she was born in\\nKnox Co., Ohio have one child Har-\\nriet L.; lost six. Mrs. C. is a member\\nof the Baptist Church. Mr. C. owns\\nforty-five acres of land, valued at $30\\nper acre. Democrat.\\nDAVIS, GEO. W., far.. Sec. 10; P.\\n0. Competine.\\nDavis, W., far., S. 14 P. 0. Competine.\\nDavis, W., far., S. 10 P. 0. Competine.\\nDecker, A., far., S. 28 P. 0. Competine.\\nDecker, D., far., S. 26 P. 0. Competine\\nDECKER, WILI.IAM, Sec 26\\nP. 0. Competine born in Bu^ks Co.,\\nPenn., Oct. 1, 1813 came to Wapello\\nCo. May 13, 1858 is engaged in farm-\\ning and raising stock. Married Miss\\nLydia Barney Oct. 20, 1839 she died\\nJune 6, 1847. Married again Miss\\nMary Houdyshell have six children-\\nDavid, Adam, Elizabeth, Lydia, Jacob\\nand John. Owns seventy-four acres of\\nland, valued at $30 per acre. Repub-\\nlican.\\nDennis, A., far.. Sec. 5 P. 0. Martins-\\nburg.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0666.jp2"}, "667": {"fulltext": "COMPETINE TOWNSHIP.\\n667\\nDeuser, J. C, far., S. 7 Martinsburg.\\nDeuser, P. C, far., S. 7 P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nDickey, T., far., S. 16 P. 0. Competine.\\nDICKERS, O.W., farmer, Sec. 17;\\nP. 0. Competine born in Wyandot\\nCo., Ohio, Sept. 18, 1843; came to\\nWapello Co. in 1846 is a stock dealer\\nand partner in the dairy business, and\\nowns 720 acres of land, valued at $35\\nper acre. Married Miss Elizabeth M.\\nHawthorne June 2, 1864 she died\\nJune 20, 1874; married again Miss\\nMartha C. Eller March 30, 1875; she\\nwas born Sept. 19, 1855, in Jefferson\\nCo., Ind. have three children Mary\\nD., Hessel H. and Scott M. Held the\\noffice of Township Supervisor and\\nTrustee. Was in Co. I, 1st Iowa V. C.\\nmustered out at the close of the war.\\nMembers of the Baptist Church Repub-\\nlican.\\nDICKENS, HARVEY, farmer\\nand stock dealer. Sec. 32 P. 0. Agency\\nCity; born in Wyandot Co., Ohio, March\\n27, 1839 came to Wapello Co., in\\n1346. Married Miss Mary Mc Daniel\\nOct. 4, 1875 she was born in Wapello\\nCo. Dec. 30, 1852 have one child-\\nNellie lost three Cora, Nora and one\\nnot named. Mr. D. served as Super-\\nvisor two years. Mrs. D. is a member\\nof the Christian Church. Mr. D. owns\\n291 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Re-\\npublican.\\nDICKE]^S,M.A.,S.28; P.O. Agen-\\ncy City born in Wyandot Co., Ohio, Aug.\\n6, 1836 came to Wapello Co. in 1846,\\nwhere he is dealing in stock and farm-\\ning. Married Miss Rebecca Earl March\\n27, 1863 she was born in Indiana Oct.\\n16, 1843; have three children Elmer\\nE., Orrin, Thomas M., and lost one\\nElizabeth. Owns 756 acres, valued at\\n$35 per acre. Republican.\\nDICKENS, THOMAS M., S. 32\\nP. O. Agency City born in North Car-\\nolina March 12, 1802 when a boy,\\nstarted out for himself at 17 years of\\nage went to West Virginia and worked\\nin the salt works returned to Ohio.\\nMarried Miss Elizabeth Saley Dec. 23,\\n1824; she died May 21, 1863; married\\nagain Feb. 29, 1864. Came to Wapello\\nCo., in August 1845; has followed\\nfarming and stock dealing has cleared\\n$1,500 a year since he came to Wapello\\nCo. is living a retired life where he\\nfirst located. Held all the township\\noffices and that of County Supervisor.\\nOwns 135 acres, valued at $30 per acre.\\nMrs. D. is a member of the Baptist\\nChurch. They have five children\\nMalachi, Harvey, Elizabeth, George W.\\nand Eunice J., and lost seven. Repub-\\nlican.\\nDoughes, W., renter, S. 1 P. 0. Martins-\\nburg.\\nDudgeon, A., far.. Sec. 14 P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nDIIRBIN, A., far., S. 23 P. 0. Com-\\npetine born in Knox Co., Ohio, Nov. 29,\\n1826 came to Wapello Co., in 1843\\nowns 230 acres, valued at $30 per acre.\\nMarried Miss Mary McVey April 12,\\n1853; she was born in Tippecanoe Co.,\\nInd., in June, 1823 have eight children\\nEdward, Sarah W., Oliver, Mary E.,\\nCharlie W., Cecil, Cecelia and Genie.\\nMembers of the Baptist Church. Mr.\\nD. has served as Township Trustee.\\nDemocrat.\\nDurbin, A., far., S. 14 P. 0. Competine.\\nDurbin, E., far.,S. 5 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nEDWARDS, GIDEON, farmer, Sec.\\n25 P. O. Competine.\\nEdwards, J., far., S. 25 P. 0. Competine.\\nEller, L., far.,S. 25; P.O. Competine.\\nEL.IiIK, HARVY, farmer. Sec.\\n10 P. 0. Competine born in Wilkes\\nCo., N. C, March 24, 1819 came to\\nJefi erson Co., Iowa, in December, 1852\\nthence to Wapello Co. in March, 1856.\\nMarried Miss Mary C. Vannoy Dec. 25,\\n1841 she was born Feb. 18, 1823\\nthey have fourteen children William\\nH., Barnett C, Virginia, now Mrs.\\nHoak Nancy, James A., Jesse F.,\\nMartha C, Curtis, Thomas A., Jacob,\\nEddie, Maggie, Otis and Mary 0. Mr\\nand Mrs. Ellis are members of the Bap-\\ntist Church. Mr. E. has served as\\nAssessor. Owns 160 acres of land, val-\\nued at $40 per acre. Republican.\\nFISHER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 34 P.\\n0. Bladensburg.\\nFitzsimmons, Lawrence, far.. Sec. 18; P.\\n0. Agency City.\\nFleemer, J. M., far. P. 0. Abingdon.\\nFrancis, H. H., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Mar-\\ntinsburg.\\nFarguhar, Thomas, physician, Competine.", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0667.jp2"}, "668": {"fulltext": "668\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY\\nr^ IBSON, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 10\\n\\\\jr p. 0. Competine.\\nGribson, J., far., S. 10 P. 0. Competine.\\nGreenlee, A., far., S. 18; P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nHADLEY, J. H., farmer. Sec. 1 P.\\n0. Martinsburg.\\nHampson, Frank, merchant and Post-\\nmaster, Competine.\\nHarris, James, far. P. 0. Competine.\\nHarris, Opha J., farmer, Sec. 9 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nHancomer, Geo. C, far.. Sec. 6 P. 0.\\nMartinsburg.\\nHancomer, Jacob, far.. Sec. 6; P. 0. Mar-\\ntinsburg.\\nHawthorne, J. P., far., Sec. 22 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nHawthorne, Ransom, far., Sec. 20 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nHA WTHORKE, R. T., Sec 35\\nP. 0. Abingdon born in Washington\\nCo., Va., March 5, 1819; was farming\\nand stock raising came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1853. Married Miss Mary J. Reed\\nin 1843; she was born in Washington\\nCo., Va., 1822 they have six children\\nThomas H., James P., Samuel R.,\\nMartha J., John C., Templeton C;\\nlost one Elizabeth. Members of the\\nBaptist Church. Owns 239 acres,\\nvalued at S30 per acre. Democrat.\\nHawthorne, Reed T., far.. Sec. 25 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nHENRY, MATTHEW, Sec 2;\\nP. 0. Competine born in Ireland May\\n25, 1819; came to Pennsylvania; then\\nto Ohio then to Illinois. Was 1st\\nLieut. 78th Regiment, Co. E. Came\\nto Wapello Co. March, 1867. Mar-\\nried Miss Caroline Nations she was\\nborn in Missouri Dec. 24, 1827 have\\nnine children John D., William M.,\\nSamuel, Hannah, James, Carr, Rachel,\\nGeorge and A nnie. Members of the\\nPresbyterian Church. Owns 560 acres,\\nvalued at $25 per acre. Republican.\\nHenry, Samuel, far., S. 2 P, 0. Martins-\\nburg.\\nHenry, Samuel, S. 1 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nHenry, Wm., far., renter P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nHolzhauser, W. H., far., S. 7 P. 0. Mar-\\ntinsburg.\\nHoudyshell, Reuben, far., renter P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nHowell, Lemuel, far., S. 30 P. 0. Agency\\nCity.\\nHuff, John H., far., S. 28 P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nHughey, Jas. M., far., S. 19; P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nHurston, Charles, far. P. 0. Agency City.\\nIVES, J C, farmer and stock-raiser.\\nSec. 26 P. 0. Competine born in\\nTrumbull Co., Ohio, Jan. 28, 1824; came\\nto Wapello Co. fall of 1850. Married\\nMiss Sarah G. Riggs she was born in\\nGeauga Co., Ohio, Sept. 12, 1832 have\\nsix children Ellen, Charlie S., Mary\\nE., Sterling, Joseph and Carrie. Mrs.\\nIves member of the Congregational\\nChurch. Mr. Ives was in the Mexican\\nwar. Owns 200 acres, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Democrat.\\nJENNINGS, E. C, farmer, renter P.\\n0. Competine.\\nJennings, H. C, far., S. 10 P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nTT^OUS, JACOB; P. 0. Competine.\\nKous, John, far. P. 0. Competine.\\nLAMB, JOHN, far., S. 10; P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nLock, J. W^, S. 5 P. 0. Martinsburg\\nLowenberg, J., S. 1 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nMCELROY, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 4\\nP. 0. Martinsburg.\\nMcFee, W. A., far., Sees. 3 and 4.\\nMcMillan, J., for., S. 16 P. 0. Compe-\\ntine.\\nMcREYlVOLDS, SOLOMOX,\\nfarmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 36 P. 0.\\nAbingdon born in Washington Co.,\\nVa., May 5, 1805 came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1849 owns 344 acres, beautifully\\nlocated on the Oskaloosa road, valued at\\n$20 per acre. Married Miss Martha\\nMeadows Oct. 3, 1828 she died May\\n22, 1838. Married again Nov. 8, 1838,\\nMiss Martha B. Clemand she died July\\n8, 1860. Married again Aug. 18, 1862,\\nEliza Parcell has five children Will-\\niam J., Mary A., Callie, M. M. L. and\\nMarsh W. Democrat.\\niHcREYNOLDS, M. M. L..; born\\nin Washington Co., Va., May 9, 1841\\ncame to Wapello Co. in 1849, living\\nwith his father, farming and raising-\\nstock. Member of A., F. A. M.\\nOwns 160 acres of land, valued at $20\\nper acre. Democrat.", "height": "3507", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0668.jp2"}, "669": {"fulltext": "COMPETINE TOWNSHIP.\\n669\\nMcReynolds, W. J., far., S. 27 P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nMick, Chas., far., S. 3 P. O. Competine.\\n3Iowery, A., far., S. 20 P. 0. Competine.\\nMowry, B. D.. S. 13 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nMowery, G., far., S. 35 P. 0. Competine.\\nMowery, J. B., far., S. 3 P. 0. Martins-\\nburg.\\nMoore, E., far., S. 18 P. 0. Ao-ency City.\\nOSTRANDER, RALPH, far., Sec.\\n24 P. 0. Competine.\\nOverturf, 0, P., far.. Sec. 29; P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nOverturf, W., far.. Sec. 29 and 31 P. 0.\\nAgency City.\\nPACKWOOD, JAMES, far., Sec. 19\\nand 20 P. 0. Agency City.\\nParker, Samuel J.\\nPHEIiPS, A. B., farmer, stock-raiser\\nand dairyman. Sec. 29 P. 0. Compe-\\ntine born in Gallia Co., Ohio, Aug.\\n27, 1839 came to Wapello Co. Oct.\\n13, 1852. Served four years and seven\\nmonths in first Iowa Cavalry, Co. I.\\nMarried Miss Elizabeth Dickens Oct.\\n18, 1866; she was born in Wyandot\\nCo., Ohio, July 9, 1841 they have a\\nfamily of five\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mary E., Orville 0.,\\nThomas M., Ellie U., Eliza E. Mr.\\nP. served as School Director. Owns\\n300 acres of land, valued at $30 per\\nacre. Republican.\\nPHELPS, JOHX, far.. Sec. 16 P.\\n0. Competine born in Gallia Co., Ohio,\\nMarch 27, 1834 came to Wapello Co.\\nfall of 1852 is farming and stock-rais-\\ning held the ofiice of School Director.\\nMarried Miss Amanda Roodarmor July\\n3, 1856; she was born in Gallia Co.,\\nOhio, 1832 they have a family of eight\\nAlice C, Thomas J., Laducia A., Ellen,\\nCaddie B., Jennie, John V., Fannie.\\nMr. P. is a member of Baptist Church.\\nOwns 160 acres of land, valued at $40\\nper acre. Republican.\\nPhelps, Leonidas, far. P. 0. Competine.\\nPowell, C, far., Sec. 6 P. 0. Martins-\\nburg.\\nREED, ALEXANDER G., far.. Sec.\\n19 P. 0. Agency City.\\nRiley, J. B., farmer; P. 0. Competine.\\nROBERTS, G. W., farmer, Sec.\\n18; P. 0. Agency City born in Wa-\\npello Co. Nov. 24, 1847. Married Miss\\nEmma Vannostrand have three chil-\\ndren C. M., E. J. and one not named.\\nOwns 137 acres of land, valued at $30\\nper acre. Republican.\\nRockwell, G., far., S. 11 P. 0. Competine.\\nSCHWITZER, ADAM, farmer. Sec.\\n5 P. 0. Martinsburg.\\nScott, Jesse, far., S. 24 P. 0. Competine.\\nShearer, Geo. W., far.. Sec. 34 P. 0.\\nBladensburg.\\nShepherd, L. S., far., Sec. 35; P. O.\\nBladensburg.\\nSICEEOFF, DAVID, Sec. 36;\\nP. 0. Abingdon; born in Floyd Co.,\\nInd., Nov. 16, 1819 came to Wapello\\nCo. April 8, 1856. Married Miss\\nCatherine Hufi seter Dec. 23, 1841\\nshe was born Aug. 9, 1823 have four\\nchildren Harriet C, Arena, Catherine,\\nJohn G. Mrs. S. is a member of the\\nChristian Church. Mr. S. owns 237\\nacres of land, valued at $30 per acre.\\nDemocrat.\\nSimons, W. P., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nSlater, G., far., S. 35; P. 0. Competine.\\nSlater, I., far., S. 35 P. 0. Competine.\\nSmalley, J., far., S. 25; P. 0. Competine.\\nSmith, A. B., far., Sees. 25 and 26 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nSmith, Alexander, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nSmith, G. M., farmer. Sec. 11 P. 0.\\nMartinsburg.\\nSmith, Harrison, farmer, Sec. 36 P. 0.\\nAbingdon.\\nSpurlock, A. J., farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0,\\nAbingdon.\\nSpurlock, W. N. B.\\nSterling, David, farmer. Sec. 20 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nStickney, Lewis, Sec. 21 P. 0. Competine.\\nSylvester, Christopher, farmer.\\nSylvester, George, Sec. 3 P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nSylvester, George W., farmer, Sec. 26\\nP. 0. Bladensburg.\\nSylvester, John W., far., Sec. 22 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nSylvester, William, farmer. Sec. 9 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nSylvester, Wilson, farmer. Sec. 26 P. 0.\\nCompetine.\\nTHOMPSON, AUGUSTUS, farmer;\\nP. 0. Competine.\\nTHOIIPSOX, E. C, farmer. Sec.\\n21 P. 0. Competine owns 300 acres\\nvalued at $30 per acre; born in Mid-", "height": "3502", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "historyofwapello00west_0669.jp2"}, "670": {"fulltext": "670\\nDIRECTORY OF WAPELLO COUNTY.\\ndlesex Co., Conn., April 18, 1833;\\ncame to Ohio, 1 844 thence to\\nWapello Co., 1855, where he is farming\\nand dairying and stock-raising. Mar-\\nried Miss Prudence Overturf July 4,\\n1852 have three children Carlos D.,\\nAugustus P. and Lettie C, and two\\ndeid Louisa and Laura. Member of\\nM. E. Church. Mrs. Thompson was\\nborn Sept. 9, 1833, in Brown Co.,\\nOhio. Mr. Thompson served as Justice\\nof the Peace and Assessor. Was in 1st\\nIowa Cavalry; mustered out June, 1865.\\nRepublican.\\nTracy, P., far., S. 35 P. 0. Competine.\\nULERY, EDWARD, farmer, Sec. 13\\nP. 0. Competine.\\nUL.RE Y, DAVID, farmer and stock-\\nraiser, Sec. 11 P. 0. Competine; born\\nin Knox Co., Ohio, Aug. 28, 1834;\\ncame to Wapello Co, in 1859. Married\\nMiss Amelia Clark she was born in\\nLicking ,Co., Ohio, March 30, 1840\\nhave nine children Eunice, born Dec.\\n2,1858; Hugh, born Aug. 1, 1860;\\nClark, born Sept. 26, 1863 Lyman,\\nborn April 5, 1865 Sidney J., born\\nNov. 23, 1866 Sonora, born Dec. 9,\\n1868; Cordie, born Nov. 12, 1870;\\nMary, born Jan. 26, 1875; Vin-\\nnie, born Jan. 16, 1877. Mr. U. owns\\n600 acres of land, valued at $25 per\\nacre. Has held the office of Assessor\\nof the township. Greonbacker.\\nYENOY, A. M., farmer. Sec. 24 P.\\n0. Abingdon.\\nVenoy, A. W.,far., S. 25 P. O.Abingdon.\\nWARDER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 32\\nP. O. Bladensburg.\\nWARDER, p. M., farmer and stock\\ndealer. Sec. 33 P. O. Bladensburg\\nborn in Fairfax Co., Ya., Nov. 6, 1812\\nwent to Ohio, learned trade of molder,\\nfollowed it twelve years came to Wa-\\npello Co. in March, 1853. Married\\nMiss Nancy L. Dillon in 1836; she\\ndied in 1853. Married again in 1854,\\nMrs. Mary A. Weaver she was born\\nAug. 7, 1822. Mr. W. has four chil-\\ndren by his first marriage Francis S.,\\nMadison C, Jane C, Margaret L.; by\\nsecond Allen D. Was County Super-\\nvisor and Justice of the Peace. Owns\\n498 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mrs.\\nW. is a member of the Dunkards is\\na Democrat.\\nWeaver, L, far.; P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nWEAVER, WAl^CY, MRS.; S\\n33 P. 0. Bladensburg born in Licking-\\nCo., Ohio, July31, 1826; came to Wapello\\nCo. in 1849 Mr. Weaver died July\\n30, 1875 Mrs. W. is living on their\\nfarm and attending to the business of\\nher husband; owns 152 acres, valued at\\n$30 per acre. Is a member of the\\nChristian Church. Has no family of\\nher own two by adoption.\\nWebster, D., Sec. 34 P. 0. Bladensburg.\\nWhite, L. H., far.. Sec. 16 P. 0. Mar-\\ntinsburg.\\nWhite, S. N., far.. Sec. 16 P. 0. Martins-\\nburg.\\nWidger, W. S., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Bla-\\ndensburg.\\nWILEY, JOHlf P. 0. Competine\\nborn in Rockbridge Co., Va., Dec. 11,\\n1812 went to Ohio; thence to Missouri.\\nMarried Miss Elizabeth Brown in 1836\\nshe died in 1841 married again, 1851,\\nto Miss Maria Warder she was born in\\nOhio in 1818. Came to Wapello Co.\\nin 1860 they have four children\\nMary, Nancy L., John and Charley F.\\nOwns eighty-seven acres, valued at $30\\nper acre. Republican.\\nWing, I., far., Sees. 30 and 31 P. 0. Agen-\\ncy City.\\nWright, Jesse, far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Com-\\npetine.\\nWright, Mahlon, far., S. 15 P. 0. 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