{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4067", "width": "2483", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Book.\\nJbte", "height": "4211", "width": "2682", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4217", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4205", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4145", "width": "2438", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4206", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4145", "width": "2438", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "1887\\nResources of Dakota.\\nAd Official Publication Compiled by the\\nCOMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION,\\nUnder Authority Granted by the Territcrial Legislature.\\nCONTAINING DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTS AND GENERAL INFORMATION RE-\\nLATING TO THE SOIL, CLIMATE, PRODUCTIONS; ADVANTAGES AND\\nDEVELOPMENT\u00e2\u0080\u0094 AGRICULTURAL, MANUFACTURING, COM-\\nMERCIAL, AND MINERAL\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE GEOGRAPHY\\nAND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TERRITORY.\\nThe Vacant Public Lands\\nAND HOW TO OBTAIN THEM;\\nTOGETHER WITH\\nDIAGRAMS, STATEMENTS, TABLES AND SUMMARIES SHOWING THE PRODUCTS\\nAND PROGRESS OF THE TERRITORY AND OF EACH\\nCOUNTY, SEPARATELY.\\nTERRITORY OF DAKOTA!\\nDEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND STATISTICS.\\nP. F. McCLURE, COMMISSIONER,\\nPIERRE.\\nSIOUX FALLS, DAKOTA\\nARGUS-LEADER COMPANY, PRINTEBS.\\n1887.", "height": "4219", "width": "2702", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "^\u00e2\u0080\u00a25\\noo\\noo\\no\\nM\\nj\\nP\\nO\\no\\nEh\\nO\\ng g s sa\\np 2 p p p\\n5 P-\\nCO oo,\\n,ooooooo\u00c2\u00a9o\u00c2\u00a9oooOo\\nr i o o o u- o in o o o o o o\\n~P eNCir-TfNCNCNf\\no OOgo\\nO O O\\nr-^CN N CNrH N cNJz;\\nCD\\na-\\ngoo\\n\u00c2\u00a9o\u00c2\u00a9\\nlO lO uO\\nbo\\na|\\na C h oo 5\\ni *2. \u00c2\u00b03\\ng2S-\\noii-og\\nIll s lis\\nCD CD\\ncd sh\\ngsa^ssa\\ng 2 s s s*\\n0\\nCD CD D\\nPBS\\n5S\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba_ g\\n\u00c2\u00a31 0\\n5 CQ\\n;P O oj d\\nW S S q\\ni -1 G o3\\n-\u00c2\u00abt3 3 a) OEt 5?S\\nW K-\\ni- ,S a ir m -\u00c2\u00ab3 vg\\n(B O W ffl\\n5o^s\\nc T ft S\\n;H)B.O-3\\nP0Q^\u00c2\u00a3\\nS ^-o 5\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2CD o t7 m\\n^g^\u00c2\u00a7\u00c2\u00b0|2\\n8ft Sg,,.\\nbd O co\\na x -o j\\n-G c tTT! o g o\\ng C\\nP\u00c2\u00a7S\\na .2 i.\\n1% g\\nCD\\n3 cp\u00c2\u00ab.h\\na. W f O j J\\nCD m,\\nt_ CD U T^\\nt3 CD\\nO O-^l-J\\ntr os _\\n.2S5j^ r Q =~cS^\u00c2\u00ab.S^ \u00c2\u00bbeSX5\\n0J 2\\n5 5\\ni S-a\u00c2\u00a9t^c3d?\u00c2\u00a9\\nO CD\\nK^^\u00c2\u00ab\\nP x fe\\nII\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2h 03", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "B\\no .2 s Z 5\\ns-\\nz\\n!S\\nE -1\\nK\\nX\\n8\\nX\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a;\\ns\\nPh\\nu\\nW\\na\\nP g\\ni\\nS I S ^k I 5\\ni\\nSi\\noj\\nOj\\no\\n33\\np.\\ned\\ntn\\n3 3\\ncc\\no\\nki\\n1\\ny\\n2\\n2\\no\\nj5 OJ o\\nj^PhhSSS^-WW 1\\nffl!\\no -o 2 2\\nw\\np o\\n3 o s\\n^On-AHpqQ g p ^i \u00c2\u00abd 06\\nail\\no\\n2 r-o\\nt.\\nOl O 0)\\n\u00c2\u00a3ceH\\nm \u00c2\u00abS\\nT o 0\\nSh a) Ci", "height": "4214", "width": "2696", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.\\nCredit is due A. T. Andreas, compiler of Andreas Historical Atlas of\\nDakota Dr. T. C. Duncan, editor of the United States Medical Investiga-\\ntor, Chicago, and publisher of several pamphlets descriptive of Dakota\\nKand, McNally Co., Chicago, publishers of the Bankers Directory;\\nO. H. Holt, compiler of Dakota, 1885; and to the newspapers generally\\nthroughout the Territory for much of the data contained in this work.\\nThanks are also returned to the county auditors, clerks and treasurers\\ncity clerks and postmasters; ministers, colleges, organizations and individ-\\nuals, on whom (owing to the lack of any efficient law governing the collec-\\ntion and compilation of the statistics of the Territory), the compher^has\\ndepended for favors and assistance in obtaining local information.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTORY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DAKOTA IN 1887.\\nTHE PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY DURING THE PAST YEAR.\\nThe Territory has had another year of wonderful growth in population\\nand wealth. The reports from all sections tell of a decided increase of im-\\nmigration as compared with the same date of last year, and that the rush of\\nnewcomers has kept well up to the average of previous seasons. As a mat-\\nter of course the localities along the line of the railway extensions, and the\\ndistricts having large areas of the public domain subject to entry under\\nthe homestead and pre-emption laws, are receiving the greatest number of\\nsettlers. Generally speaking, the people who go West to find homes are\\nthose of limited means, either having met with reverses or else just making\\na start in life, and are attracted to a new country by the cheapness of the\\nlands. Therefore it is quite to be expected, so long as there remains land\\nto be had for the asking, with just as rich soil, just as nutritious pasturage\\nas that of the older settled regions, the larger per cent, of the home-seek-\\ners will flow into those counties where the whistle of the locomotive is\\nnever heard or where the sound is a reverberation from the distance.\\nThen, too, Dakota s past development assures the newcomer that, no\\nmatter how great the extent of virgin soil surrounding him to-day, to-\\nmorrow he will be on the confines of a thrifty village, with schools,\\nchurches, and a busy, bustling, Western town at his very door.\\nThe Right Rev. William H. Hare, missionary bishop of southern Dakota,\\nwriting to the New York Herald, tells in graphic words of the rapid\\ngrowth of new communities in the Territory. The bishop says:\\nLanguage cannot exaggerate the rapidity with which these communi-\\nties are built up. You may stand ankle deep in the short burnt grass of\\nan uninhabited wilderness next month a mixed train will glide over the\\nwaste and stop at some point where the railway has decided to locate a\\ntown. Men, women and children will jump out of the cars, and their chat-\\ntels will be tumbled out after them. From that moment the building be-\\ngins. The courage and faith of these pioneers are something extraordi-\\nnary. Their spirit seems to rise above all obstacles. I have ridden into a\\nDakota valley and pitched my tent. After my supper, lolling upon my\\nbuffalo robe, I have looked around and seen nothing but a wolf that looked", "height": "4212", "width": "2701", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ndown from a hill into the valley to see who the intruder was. When I vis-\\nited that valley the next year, I saw a long train of Pullman palace cars.\\nIn that same trip I camped on the flat bottom land near the Missouri river.\\nThere was no sign of civilization there but a log hut with a mud roof. It\\nwas the home of a Frenchman who had married an Indian woman. With-\\nin the year I revisited the spot and saw a town. It has increased since to\\n2,000.\\nThe county of this year, the name of which is learned only by consult-\\ning the map, may next harvest contribute to the world s food-supply a mil-\\nlion bushels of wheat of the finest grade known to the markets of the\\nglobe.\\nIMMIGRATION.\\nThe building westward through the northern counties of Dakota of the\\nSt. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railroad, and the construction by this\\nand the Northern Pacific railway companies of numerous north and south\\nfeeders have turned a great tide of immigration toward the splendid agri-\\ncultural and stock lands of the Mouse river, Turtle Mountains, Devils\\nLake and other regions thereby made easily accessible. This, together\\nwith the largest crop ever harvested in many sections of northern Dakota,\\nhas made it almost impossible to keep pace with the development going\\non in the districts named. A few of the more westerly counties, having\\nscarcely a single inhabitant at the beginning of the year, are now well\\npopulated with thrifty farmers and residents of the towns which have\\ngrown up literally in a day.\\nThe increased activity in the line of railway building through the central\\nportion of the Territory, and the fine crops gathered by the farmers there,\\ntogether with a considerable quantity of land remaining vacant in many of\\nthe counties adjacent to the Missouri river, have attracted a large number\\nof people to these localities.\\nEarly in the spring a large colony of settlers, coming direct from Ver-\\nmont and New England points, located in Hettinger county, about twenty-\\nfive miles south of the Northern Pacific railway. Although this colony\\ndecided upon a location in an unsurveyed and almost unexplored county,\\nnevertheless its members have already established a town, erected com-\\nfortable homes and harvested an abundant crop. Their successful venture\\ninsures for the future a heavy immigration to the large area of vacant lands\\nof the west Missouri country especially from the New England and Mid-\\ndle states.\\nThe Red River valley in the north and all the counties of older Dakota\\nin the south, central and east, with their large number of growing and\\nprosperous cities, have long since reached that stage of stability, wealth\\nand independence which insures a constant and ever-increasing ratio of\\nadded population and improvement. Here the splendidly developed\\nforms and busy towns, full of enterprise, rivalry and life, give one the im-\\npression of living in a state of many years growth, rather than in a Terri-\\ntory of youthful age.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 9\\nThe completion last year of a line of railway to Rapid City and the cer-\\ntainty of the addition, at an early date, of other railway facilities, has re-\\nsulted in a marked growth of the varied interests of the Black Hills coun-\\ntry by placing that hitherto isolated section in better communication with\\ntheEastern world. Nature has certainly lavished her gifts upon that area\\nof Dakota, known as the Black Hills, with a generous hand, and it but re-\\nmains for man to enact his small part in order to develop here the richest,\\ngrandest region in all the Union. What with the productive soil of her\\nvalleys and foothills, the splendid pasturage and excellent protection fur-\\nnished her herds of cattle, sheep and other stock, and her inex-\\nhaustible supply of precious minerals, iron, tin, mica, salt, coal, gyp-\\nsum, asbestos, petroleum and other valuable deposits, the saying that the\\nBlack Hills might be walled in by an impassable barrier and still be self-\\nsupporting, is almost a truism.\\nDuring the year ending June 30, 1887, 2,007, 281 acres of the public do-\\nmain in Dakota were newly filed on, and our population at that time, based\\non careful estimates, having the business transacted by the several United\\nStates land offices in the Territory as a foundation, amounted to very nearly\\n570,000. As Dakota s immigration this year averages about 7,000 new-\\ncomers each month, it is easy to see that we shall have, by the end of\\nDecember, 1887, a population of quite 000,000.\\nIn addition to the annual rush of seekers after free land, there have been,\\nthroughout the Territory especially in those sections where the supply of\\nGovernment land is pretty well exhausted an unusual number of pur-\\nchasers of cheap deeded lands. In many of the counties having railroads,\\nschool houses, flourishing towns and the other advantages of old settled\\ncommunities, deeded land is to be had at a small advance over what it cost\\nthe original settler for improvements and Government fees.\\nOwing to the rapid advance in the market value of Dakota realty, these\\nopportunities of obtaining good deeded lands at so low a price, cannot last\\na great while longer, and discreet investors will accept them wherever\\noffered.\\nThe agricultural, manufacturing, commercial and mining interests are all\\nreceiving their share of the wealth of investment that has been pouring\\ninto the Territory for several years past, and the outlook generally may be\\nconsidered a very happy one.\\nCROPS OF THE YEAR.\\nAnd now that the season is ended, the farmers of every locality, be it\\nnorth, central or south Dakota, the Black Hills or the Red River valley,\\nall are more than gratified with Nature s kind return of a bountiful harvest.\\nThe farmer s vocation, as well as other callings, is not always attended with\\nsuccess, and the glorious hopes of spring and summer ofttimes end only in\\na disappointment of the expected harvest. And especially has this been\\ntrue of the year 1887 in many localities of the West and Northwest, where\\nthe most disastrous failures known for years are the sole record of a sum-\\nmer s labor and toil on the part of the farmer.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 RESOURCES OF. DAKOTA.\\nDakota, however, adds another to her annual records of marvelous har-\\nvests, and conies before the world with the grandest yield ever credited to\\nany state of the Union. The snows of the winter placed the ground in ex-\\ncellent shape for spring work; plowing, seeding, harrowing, and the\\nvarious farming operations followed from the first of March with little or\\nno interruption from bad weather; April showers vivified and nourished\\nthe germ and the warm summer days of May and June strengthened and\\nmatured its growth, and July and August saw the weather propitious for har-\\nvesting and the final operations of saving and housing the crop. It now\\nremains but to state that the thresher has proved the truth of our asser-\\ntions made earlier in the season, viz.: that Dakota s wheat crop harvested\\nin 1887 not -only exceeds any previous record of this grand Territory, and\\nthe record of any state of the Union, but will amount to one-seventh\\nthe entire crop of the United States in 1886. As for corn, no one in the\\nyears past could have even harbored a hope that the Territory would\\never be able to herald forth a yield in any one season exceeding 20,000,000\\nbushels of that crop. But such is a fact, and with the probability, too, of\\nincreasing that amount considerably if the splendid condition and mag-\\nnificent showing of this crop continue to the close of the harvest season.\\nBarley, oats, rye, flax, buckwheat and vegetables never promised better,\\nand taking the average throughout the length and breadth of the Terri-\\ntory, Dakota, in all her wonderful career, never produced the equal of the\\ncrops of 1887.\\nThere may be localities where the lack of moisture at the proper time\\nor other until vorable circumstances, has resulted in unsatisfactory returns\\nto the farmer but, when we consider the vast surface of the Territory,\\nequaling in extent the combined area of all of New England, together\\nwith the states of New York and Pennsylvania, it can never be expected\\nd season will be so generally favorable as to result in a perfect crop to every\\ncounty.\\nThere has been comparatively little damage from hail or other disastrous\\nstorms, and no loss whatever from ravages by chinch bugs. For the whole\\nTerritory the yield of the crops for 1887 is far above the average of any\\nprevious season, and this occurring in a year of quite general misfortune\\nto farmers elsewhere, is certain to insure to Dakota an era of greater pro-\\ngress, wider fame and heavier immigration than ever before.\\nTHE GROWTH OP DAKOTA CITIES AND TOWNS.\\nThe growth of Dakota towns is simply marvelous. The oldest resident,\\none who has long been accustomed to the push and activity of western life,\\ncan scarcely keep pace with the changes at present occurring about him.\\nElectric lights, water works, street railways, artesian wells, graded streets,\\nand public improvements of every description, are being added to the list\\nof advantages heralded forth by such of the older cities as had not already\\naccomplished these feats of enterprise.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. U\\nRAILROAD EXTENSIONS.\\nAs for railway extensions, those already completed and others projected\\nand under contract, they puzzle the most careful map-maker in his at-\\ntempt to outline them all. A Dakota town old enough to be divested of\\nswaddling clothes, and without expectations of additional railway facili-\\nties, is yet to be heard of. Though -the season for railway building is not\\n3^et passed, more than seven hundred miles of completed track have been\\nadded to the 3,491 to the credit of the Territory on the first of January,\\n1887, making the railroad mileage of Dakota to-day 4,207 miles, and lines\\nare being still further extended in all directions.\\nThe four great railway corporations of the Northwest, viz.: the Chicago,\\nMilwaukee and St. Paul, the Chicago and Northwestern, the Northern Pa-\\ncific, and the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba, are extending their\\nmain and branch lines wherever there remains a tempting morsel of un-\\noccupied territory. Then, too, a spirit of rivalry and competition in the\\nmatter of obtaining a share in the traffic of prosperous localities, has\\nsprung up between the railway corporations named which can only end\\nto the great advantage of the farmers and shippers of the Territory in\\ncheapening the cost of transportation.\\nThe Northern Pacific has completed a line covering the rich Valley of\\nthe Red River, from Grand Forks to Pembina, (through counties hitherto\\ntraversed only by the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba), and has ex-\\ntended its Fargo and Southwestern branch from La Moure to Edgely,\\nconnecting there with the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and furnish-\\ning a new line of communication between the systems north and south.\\nThe St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba, not content with the accom-\\nplishment of the most stupendous feat of railway construction on record\\nbuilding, since the first of April, 1887, some five hundred miles of track\\nbetween Minot, Ward county, Dakota, and Great Falls, Montana, at the\\nrate of from five to ten miles a day, is now looking with a covetous eye on\\nthe territory surrounding the prosperous cities of southern Dakota. With-\\nin the year past this company has built its lines into the two leading cities\\nof central Dakota Aberdeen, Brown county, and Watertown, Coding-\\nton county and is now projecting extensions reaching nearly every city\\nof any size in the south or southeast, two of which (the one reaching\\nHuron, in Beadle county, and the other Sioux Falls, in Minnehaha county),\\nwill, in all probability, be completed early in 188S.\\nIn addition to these undertakings, the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Mani-\\ntoba has ironed and is operating its branch lines, graded last season one\\nfrom Rugby Junction, on the main line, to Bottineau, the county seat of\\nBottineau county; one from the Minnesota state line, through Grant\\ncounty, to Watertown, the county seat of Codington county, and another\\nfrom Rutland, Sargent county, to Ellendale, in Dickey county. It is now\\nbusily engaged in the extension of the Park River branch, through Walsh\\ncounty, to Langdon, the county seat of Cavalier county, with the promise", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nof completing the same by the first of November of the present year.\\nThe Chicago and Northwestern has extended and is operating its road\\nbetween Faulkton, Fanlk county, and Gettysburg, Potter county, and in-\\ntends filling in, this season, the gap between Verndon and Groton, in\\nBrown county.\\nThe Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul has completed a road from Lake\\nPreston, Kingsbury county, to Bristol, Day county, and has ironed\\nthe grade of last season, from Roscoe, in Edmunds county, to a point\\nseveral miles beyond Hillsview, in McPherson county. This company\\nalso has imview the extension, through the Lake Traverse Indian reser-\\nvation, of the branch line now constructed sixteen miles northwest from\\nWilmot, Roberts county.\\nThe grade of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, finished in\\n1886, between Salem, McCook county, and Mitchell, Davison county, is\\nnow ironed and in operation.\\nIn the Black Hills, the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley railway\\ncompany is extending its road from Rapid City, Pennington county, to\\nSturgis, Lawrence county, and promises to run regular trains to the latter\\nplace before the expiration of the year.\\nThe Minneapolis and Pacific will be in operation from Ransom, Sargent\\ncounty, through to Monango, Dickey county, by November 1, 1887, when\\nstill another connection will be finished between the railway systems oc-\\ncupying the northern and southern territories.\\nThis extension, (the Minneapolis and Pacific), is already completed as\\nfar west as Oakes, Dickey county, and connects there with the Northern\\nPacific, leading north, and the Chicago and Northwestern reaching south-\\nThe Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, with its terminals at\\nWatertown, in Codington county, and Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county,\\nseems to rest in contented mood for the present.\\nThe Illinois Central has a large force at work grading a line from Chero-\\nkee, Iow r a, to Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, and will make its first ap-\\npearance on this, the most interesting battle-ground of rival railway cor-\\nporations, within the course of a few months.\\nThe Aberdeen, Bismarck and Northwestern has a grade finished from\\nAberdeen, Brown county, to Bismarck, Burleigh county, which, when\\nironed, (and this will be done early in 1888), will furnish the first contin-\\nuous line, uniting north and south Dakota.\\nThe Duluth, Watertown and Pacific, (an extension of the St. Paul,\\nMinneapolis and Manitoba), has graded a road between Watertown, in\\nCodington county, and Huron, Beadle county, with the expectation of\\ncompleting and ironing the same at an early date. This company the\\nManitoba is also pushing toward completion the grade of an extension\\nfrom Willmar, Minnesota, to Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, Dakota.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 13\\nThe line is to be graded to Sioux Falls before the close of the building\\nseason, and ironed early in the spring of 1888.\\nThe grade of the Forest City and Watertown road will be finished this\\nyear, between Forest City and Hoven, Potter county, and the work of\\nironing and completing the track will be begun next season.\\nThe mileage of newly constructed road in Dakota, as undertaken by\\neach company, to be completed in 1887, is given below:\\nName of company.\\nNorthern Pacific railway\\nGrand Forks to Pembina\\nLa Moure to Edgely\\nSt. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway:\\nMi not to Ft. Buford\\nRugby Junction to Bottineau\\nPark River to Langdon\\nRutland to Ellendale\\nMinnesota line to Watertown\\nChicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha railway:\\nm Salem to Mitchell\\nChicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway:\\nBristol to Lake Preston\\nWilmot extension\\nRoscoe to Eureka x\\nChicago and Northwestern railway:\\nFaulkton to Gettysburg\\nVerndon to Groton\\nFremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley railway:\\nRapid City to Sturgis\\nMinneapolis and Pacific railway:\\nRansom to Monango\\nTotal miles of newly constructed road in 1887\\nMiles of new\\nroadconstr d\\nin 1887.\\n96\\n21\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n117\\n142\\n38\\n40\\n49\\n46\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n315\\n33\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n33\\n73\\n10\\n26\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n109\\n44\\n14\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n58\\n59\u00e2\u0080\u0094 59\\n716\\nAnd the total mileage of each company in the Territory, on the comple-\\ntion of these extensions, will be as follows:\\nName of company.\\nBlack Hills and Fort Pierre railway\\nBurlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern railway...\\nChicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway\\nChicago and North western railway\\nChicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha railway\\nFremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley railway...\\nMinneapolis and Pacific railway\\nSt. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway\\nNorthern Pacific railway\\nMinneapolis and St. Louis railway\\nTotal miles of railroad in 1887\\nMiles of road\\nin operation.\\n15\\n83\\n,155\\n761\\n88\\n110\\n88\\n.037\\n830\\n40\\n4,20-", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 EESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe following roads have been graded, but probably will not be ironed\\nuntil 1888:\\nName of company. ^raded. 1\\nAberdeen, Bismarck and Northwestern railway:\\nFrom Aberdeen, Brown county, to Bismarck, Burleigh\\ncounty 160\\nDuluth, Watertown and Pacific railway:\\nFrom Watertown, Codington county, to Huron, Beadle\\ncounty I 72\\nForest City and Watertown railway:\\nFrom Forest City to Hoven, Potter county 30\\nDuluth and Willmar railway\\nFrom Willmar, Minnesota, to Sioux Falls, Minnehaha\\ncounty, Dakota. Graded in Dakota\\nIllinois Central railway\\nFrom Cherokee, Iowa, to Sioux Falls, Minnehaha coun\\nty, Dakota. Graded in Dakota 16\\nTotal miles of road graded in 1887, but not ironed\\n301\\nBefore the expiration of the year 1887 there will have been added to\\nthe railroad mileage of the Territory in a single season, close to one thous-\\nand miles of new track and to what extent during the coining year Dakota\\nwill be interlaced with the iron thread of steam communication it is\\nutterly impossible to predict, though it is quite safe to say that it will more\\nthan double the mileage built-in 1887.\\nDakota now has more miles of completed railroad than either California,\\nTennessee, Nebraska, Virginia, North Carolina, Colorado, Arkansas,\\nAlabama, or Georgia; twice as many miles as either Massachusetts, South\\nCarolina, Florida, New Jersey, Mississippi, or Kentucky; more than three\\ntimes the railway mileage of either Maine, Maryland, West Virginia,\\nLouisiana or Oregon; more than four times as many miles of railway\\nas either New Hampshire, Vermont or Connecticut; thirteen times the\\nrailway mileage of Delaware, and twenty times that of Rhode Island.\\nMANUFACTORIES.\\nA commendable interest is being displayed by many towns in the en-\\ncouragement of manufactories. Flour mills, creameries, tow mills, pack-\\ning houses, wagon and carriage factories, broom factories, brick, terra\\ncotta and stone works, plow factories, foundries, polishing works and\\nother industries are scattered everywhere throughout the Territory and\\nconstantly increasing in numbers. The field of manufacturing is a new\\none for Dakota and one capable of illimitable development. With an\\ninexhaustible supply of cheap fue- underlying every section of the north\\nand west, with natural gas actually discovered, with artesian wells fur-\\nnishing power for small factories at literally no expense, and the splendid\\nwater power of favored localties; with gold, silver, iron, lead, copper, tin,\\nmica, salt, gypsum, asbestos, petroleum and many other deposits in ad-\\ndition to the different varieties of valuable building and ornamental\\nstones, it would be strange indeed if capital did not step in to assist in", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 15\\nthe development of such magnificent resources. The wonder is that the\\nopportunities for building up prosperous manufactories as presented by a\\nnumber of localities have been so long neglected. However the Territory\\nis to be congratulated from the feet that the present year witnesses the in-\\nauguration of an increased interest in this new source of wealth, and the\\nhastening forward of the day when many of our food supplies and articles\\nof commerce will have the imprint of a home factory.\\nLIVE STOCK.\\nThe stock interests are growing quite as rapidly as other branches of\\nindustry. The natural grasses of Dakota possess nutritious and strength\\nproducing qualities not excelled in all the world, and the stock-raiser\\nhas fifty million acres of such kind of forage on which to feed his flocks.\\nEvery year notes a marked improvement in the quality of the stock-\\nbred and numerous herds have now at their head, leaders with as fine\\na pedigree as is recorded in the herd-books of the country. In the older\\ncounties a large acreage is planted to corn, oats, etc., and an ever increas-\\ning attention is given to the raising of the best grades of improved stock.\\nin conclusion.\\nIt is apparent therefore that the year 1887 has recorded an era of great\\nprosperity for Dakota. The yield of the crops has been such as to astonish\\nthe world; the cities and villages are vying with each other in growth\\nand development manufactories and public enterprises are being fostered\\neverywhere, the great railway corporations of the West are in a constant\\nstrife to obtain vantage ground in the Territory and a flood r* immigra-\\ntion is rapidly covering the vacant area of Government lands.\\nThe confidence displayed by cautious Eastern capitalists in the invest-\\nment of their fortunes in Dakota bonds, in Dakota lands, in railway ex-\\ntensions, manufactories and public improvements, should convince the\\nmost skeptical that the Territory is fast assuming her position of the\\nwealthiest, most populous, most prosperous empire of the Northwest.\\nIn-order to spread broadcast reliable information concerning the op-\\nportunities offered by the Territory for the _ acquirement of a home on the\\nfinest agricultural land in the world, amid a cultured, moral and refined\\npeople, where there are schools, churches and all the advantages enjoyed\\nby the most civilized and progressive communities, this official nanmhlet\\nhas been published under authority conferred Jby the Territorial Legisla-\\nture. In its pages will be found rather an extended^description of those\\nmatters which are thought to be of interest to home-seekers and inves-\\ntors, and, while it has been hastily written and compiled under the dis-\\nadvantage of a worse than useless law governing the gathering and compi-\\nlation of statistics, yet the facts as set forth are fairly and truthfully\\nstated and with a desire to belittle rather than to exaggerate or deceive.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nHISTORICAL.\\nFIRST LEGISLATION BY CONGRESS.\\nDakota (Indian name signifying leagued, confederated), was a part of\\nthe Territory purchased in 1803 of France by President Thomas Jefferson\\nfor the sum of $16,000,000. October 1, 1803 that part of the new purchase\\nlying south of Arkansas was formed into the Territory of Orleans.\\nThe remaining portion which included the present states of Arkansas,\\nMissouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, part of Colorado and the\\nterritories of Dakota, Montana, the Indian Territory and a portion of\\nWyoming, became the District of Louisiana, and the governing power\\nwas vested in the governor and judges of what was then designated\\nIndiana Territory.\\nJuly 1, 1805, by act of Congress District of Louisiana was designated\\nas the Territory of the same name and the legislative power placed in\\nthe hands of a governor and three judges who were named by the Presi-\\ndent and Senate of the United States. December 7, 1812, the name of the\\nTerritory was again changed, this time to Territory of Missouri and the\\npower limited in extent was granted the people residing therein, to elect\\na legislative body.\\nThe Territory of Michigan was created by act of June 28, 1834 and in-\\ncluded that part of Dakota lying east of the Missouri and White Earth\\nrivers, in addition to the present states of Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa and\\nMinnesota.\\nJuly 3, 1836, Congress established the Territory of Wisconsin which in-\\ncluded the eastern half of Dakota.\\nThe Territory of Iowa was organized June 12, 1838, and a part of Dakota\\nwas contained within its boundaries.\\nMarch 3, 1849, Minnesota Territory was established which covered the\\neastern part of Dakota.\\nUntil the organization of Nebraska Territory May 30, 1854, of which it\\nbecame a part, that portion of Dakota lying west of the Missouri and\\nWhite Earth rivers was known as Mandan Territory.\\nFrom May 11, 1858, the date when Minnesota became a state, up to the\\norganization of a territorial form of government, April 2, 1861, Dakota was\\nwithout legal name or existence..\\nA bill (S. 475) To organize the Territory of Dakota, and for other pur-\\nposes was introduced, on leave, in the Senate by Hon. Graham N. Fitch,\\nDecember 20, 1858, and referred to the Committee on Territories. The\\ncommittee was, on February 8, 1859, discharged from further consideration\\nof the bill.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 17\\nA bill (S. 555) To provide temporary governments for the Territories\\nof Dakota and Arizona, and to create the office of surveyor-general in the\\nTerritory of Arizona, was reported from the Committee on Territories,\\nSenate, by Hon. James S. Green, February 4, 1859. No action thereon\\nwas taken by the Senate.\\nA bill (S. 562) To provide a temporary government for the Territory\\nof Dakota, and to create the office of surveyor-general therein, was re-\\nported from Committee on Territories, Senate, by Hon. James S. Green\\nFebruary 14, 1861; passed that house February 2(5; passed the House of\\nRepresentatives March 1, and was signed by President Buchanan, March\\n2, 1861. President Lincoln soon after appointed the Territorial officers\\nand, on May 27, 1861, the date of the commencement of civil history in\\nDakota, Governor William Jayne arrived at Yankton to enter upon the\\ndischarge of his duties. March 2, 1868, (12 stats, p. 701), an act was passed\\nby Congress prescribing the qualifications and powers of the governor and\\nregulating his power of veto.\\nMay 26, 1864, (13 stats, p. 92), a part of the Territory of Idaho was tem-\\nporarily incorporated with ami made a part of Dakota.\\nApril 28, 1870, (14 stats, p. 98), the boundary line between Dakota Terri-\\ntory and the state of Nebraska was re-defined.\\nFebruary 17, 1873, (17 stats, p. 464), the western boundary of Dakota\\nTerritory was re-adjusted, and a detached portion of the Territory, under\\nformer erroneous definition was attached to the Territory of Montana.\\nLEGISLATION IN REGARD TO THE ADMISSION OF THE TERRITORY AS A STATE.\\nA constitutional convention, composeel of delegates from nearly every\\ncounty in Dakota, south of the 46th parallel, assembled at Sioux Falls on\\nthe 4th of September, 1883, for the purpose of drafting a constitution for a\\nproposed new State. The constitution was submitted to the people (south\\nof the 46th parallel), on the 3d of November of that year and adopted by a\\nmajority of 5,522 in a total vote of 19,150.\\nPursuant to an act of the Territorial Legislature approved March 9, 1885,\\na second constitutional convention, composed of delegates representing\\ncounties south of the 46th parallel, met at Sioux Falls, September 8, 1885,\\nframed a second constitution, which was submitted to the people (south\\nof the 46th parallel), November 3, of that year and was adopted by a ma-\\njority of 18,561 in a total vote cast of 31,791. At the same time there w r ere\\nelected members of the Legislature, state officers and a member of Con-\\ngress, and, subsequently, the members elect of the Legislature of the pro-\\nposed new State met and selected two Uniteel States senators.\\nBy an act of the last Territorial Legislature, approved March 11, 1887,\\nthe question of the division of Dakota is to be submitted to a vote of the\\npeople of the entire Territory at a special election November 8, of the\\npresent year, (1887.)\\nFollowing is an exhibit of the various measures introduced in Congress\\n(since the forty-fifth session), having in view the division, the admission\\nas a wdiole, and the division and admission of the south half of Dakota.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18\\nEESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\n-H _ CC CO\\nI I co\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0j =2 -A CO\\n:S i\\nOXX\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb\\nCO CO\\nD\\nOO^OOCO r-00\\nOO\\n-CI Ci 1-1\\ntl _ t-, ,_, X\\nN\\nfa\\nrt ^K*\\n1-( ,(N \u00c2\u00a3_ .O\\nrt \u00c2\u00abH\\nfa\\no O 0,0.0\\no o g o\\n^3\\nPPPfefe\\nP fe P 1-5 \u00c2\u00a3h g\\n1-3\\na\\n3", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n19\\n3-f X\\n*r Sir. o\\n2 ^d\\nit 1\\nej\\no\\np\\nd\\n=3 d \u00e2\u0080\u0094a\\n(D O\\nr S 3 S 3\\n0* V, M^O\u00c2\u00ab -HOO -H\\npo o ^-.^-^S\\nu- 03 h,2\\ng H as\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9 hCOfi M-^d i\\ngo -g -r o g-gob\\n3\u00c2\u00a7SSsS\u00c2\u00a7|lo5\\nx S S\\n-5 Se S ts i p2 S\\noq m O Ortta Co fl 6^5 a\\n^OXMNN-tMCCN 00 t-\\nK t i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i t\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i u- rc L~ w u~ d\\n7 H\\n\u00c2\u00a31\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\nc\\nm a\\ne 2\\nc\\nx PS\\nx\\n_u 31\\nr- x\\nX X X X\\n*J CO i- C4\\nU l\\nJ *j ei\\nb: 2^^^\\nS 3 r\\n_\u00c2\u00ab=:__\\ni\\nXX y- X\\n6-\u00c2\u00a3\\n5 3 2- o\\nE\\n3 9\\ng\\nS pd r;\\n5 3^3\\n-o S -a\\na\\na\\ne;-r\\n\u00c2\u00ab^jS|\\n_ Sc ii 3", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGOVERNORS AND DELEGATES.\\nThe following is a list of the governors of Dakota appointed by the\\nPresident of the United States, with the terms served by each: William\\nJayne, 1861-63; Newton Edmunds, 1863-66; Andrew J. Faulk, 1866-69;\\nJohn A. Burbank, 1869-74; John L. Pennington, 1874-78; William A. How-\\nard, 1878-80; N. G. Ordway, 1880-84; Gilbert A. Pierce, 1884-87: and Louis\\nK. Church, the present executive, appointed February, 1887.\\nThe Territory since its organization has been represented in Congress\\nby the following named delegates: J. B. S. Todd, 1862-64; W. F. Bur-\\nleigh, 1864-69; S. L. Spink, 1869-71; M. K. Armstrong, 1871-75; J. P. Kid-\\nder, 1875-79; G. G. Bennett, 1879-81; R. F. Pettigrew, 1881-83; John B.\\nRaymond, 1883-85; and Oscar S. Gifford, the present incumbent, elected\\nin 1884 and re-elected in 1886.\\nSESSIONS OF THE TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE.\\nThe first session of the Territorial Legislature met at Yankton, March\\n17, 1862. At first the sessions of the Legislature were annual, but by act\\nof Congress in 1869 they were made biennial, and the sessions limited\\nin duration to sixty days. Seventeen sessions have been held in all.\\nThe Territory is apportioned into twenty council and legislative districts,\\nrepresented by twenty-four councilmen and forty-eight representatives,\\nbeing the maximum number of districts, councilmen and representatives\\npermitted to the Territory under the act of Congress approved March 3,\\n1885.\\nYankton was the capitol of the Territory until 1883, when a capitol\\ncommission appointed at the preceding session of the Legislature located\\nthe seat of government at Bismarck.\\nEARLY HISTORY OF THE TERRITORY.\\n*The first well authenticated account of the Missouri river region, lying-\\nbey ond the borders of the present state of Missouri, is found in the jour-\\nnals of the expedition of Captains Lewis and Clark, under the patronage\\nof President Jefferson s administration in 1804-5-6. This expedition^\\nthough it gave very little scientific information touching the great valley\\nof the Missouri, nevertheless furnished the most reliable and interesting\\naccount of the country, its inhabitants and wild game, that had then been\\ngiven to the public. It also gave a very correct idea of the great river\\nand its affluents, and was no doubt instrumental in hastening the more\\nperfect exploration and settlement of the country. It also gave a fresh\\nimpetus to the fur trade, and pioneered the way for numerous forts and\\ntrading posts. The great British and American fur companies were the\\nfirst civilized people to occupy the Territory of Dakota. The earliest of\\nthese to establish posts on the upper Missouri river was the Missouri fur\\ncompany, organized at St. Louis, Mo., in 1808. At the head of this com-\\npany was Manuel Lisa, a Spanish gentleman, and it is likely that some of\\nThe authority for this and following statements regarding early explorations in the:\\nNorthwest is Andrews Historical Atlas oi Dakota. The Lakeside Press, Chicago.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 21\\nthe Choteau family were also connected with it. The company established\\ntrading posts in Dakota about 1808-10.\\nThe American fur company, of which John Jacob Astor was president,\\nwas chartered in 1809. The Northwestern, another fur company, and the\\nAmerican were consolidated in 1811. During the war between Great\\nBritain and the United States, 1812-15, business was wholly suspended.\\nThe Great Pacific company was organized after the war by Mr. Astor, and\\nbusiness operations were resumed by all the companies, whose employees\\npenetrated all parts of the present Territory of Dakota, excepting the Black\\nHills.\\nThe oldest fur company in America was the Hudson Bay company,\\nwhich was chartered by King Charles II in 1670. About 1811 Lord Sel-\\nkirk, a Scottish nobleman, was granted by this company a large tract of\\nland lying on both sides of the Red River of the North, and extending as\\nfar south as the mouth of the Red Lake river.\\nLord Selkirk built a fort at Pembina, a short distance south of the pres-\\nent International line, about 1812.\\nThe first settler in this region was a French trader, who settled at Pem-\\nbina about 1780. The authority for this statement is Mr. Keating, the\\nhistorian of Major Long s expedition, which visited the locality in 1823\\nand found the trader still living there. This was the first actual settle-\\nment by white men within the present limits of Dakota.\\nLord Selkirk s fort remained at Pembina until 1823, when rinding it\\nwas on the American side of the boundary, it was torn down and mostly\\nremoved to the British side.\\nThe Columbia fur company was organized in 1822 among individuals\\nformerly in the employ of the Hudson Bay company. Their principal\\nestablishment, or trading post, was on Lake Traverse at the head of the\\nRed River, where Major Long found them in 1823.\\nThe Northwest and Hudson Bay companies, under a consolidated\\narrangement made in 1821, explored and trafficked on the Upper Missouri\\nand Yellowstone rivers.\\nIn 1826, a company called the Rocky Mountain fur company, began\\nsending trading expeditions up the Missouri river. In 1832 the old Amer-\\nican fur company of John Jacob Astor became the dominant company in\\nthe Northwest. Under this company Forts Cedar, George, Lookout and\\nothers were constructed, and the fur trade became a permanent business\\nin the Missouri valley.\\nSeveral trading houses were also erected on the Dakota (James) river\\nby a company of which J. Rencontre was a member. About 1829, Pierre\\nChoteau of St. Louis, built Fort Pierre on the west bank of the Missouri,\\nsome four miles above the present site.\\nThe first steamers to ascend the upper Missouri, as near as can be as-\\ncertained, were the Yellowstone and Assiniboine, which came up under\\nthe conduct of Pierre Choteau, about 1830. Previous to this the business\\nof the river had been carried on in canoes and barges, or pirogues.", "height": "4214", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nIn 1839 Fremont and Nicolet ascended the Missouri on the fur com-\\npany s steamers to some point in Dakota, and from thence passed over-\\nland to the valley of the Dakota (James) river, and are said to have as-\\ncended the latter stream and visited Devils Lake, though there is no well\\nauthenticated account of the trip recorded. Catlin, the famous Indian de-\\nlineator, visited the country in 1841. From that date military and\\nprivate expeditions were numerous.\\nThe United States Government established a post at Fort Clark, below\\nthe mouth of Knife river, as early as 1808, followed closely afterward by\\nthe construction of forts at many points, principally along the Missouri\\nriver.\\nThe forts and posts at first established were partly military and partly\\ntrading posts the former established by the United States Government,\\nand the latter by the great fur companies.\\nFIRST SETTLEMENT.\\nThe first land in Dakota obtained of the Sioux Indians, was at the\\ntreaty of Traverse de Sioux in 1851, by which the Indians ceded a large\\nregion in Minnesota and a tract of country along the left bank of the Big\\nSioux river and the southwest side of Big Stone lake, including the cites\\nof Sioux. Falls, Flandreau, Brookings, etc., covering substantially the strip\\nof country lying between the Big Sioux river and the Minnesota line.\\nIn the same year the legislature of Minnesota Territory, (which in-\\ncluded at the time all of Dakota east of the Missouri river), divided that\\nterritory into nine counties, Dakota county covering all the region lying\\nbetween St. Paul and the Missouri river, and constituting the sixth coun-\\ncil district entitled to two councilmen and one representative in the Min-\\nnesota legislature.\\nIn the fall of 1855, a United States force of 1,200 men, under General W.\\nS. Harney, marched from the Platte river to Fort Pierre, where they en-\\ncamped for the winter. Accompanying this expedition were Captain\\n(afterward General) Nathaniel Lyon, who fell at the battle of Wilson s\\ncreek in 1861; Captain J. B. S. Todd, the first Territorial delegate in Con-\\ngress, and Captain Gardner, afterward a general in the Confederate\\narmy\\nOld Fort Pierre, erected by Pierre Choteau, of St. Louis, about 1829,\\nwas taken possession of by the United States troops, the Government pay-\\ning Choteau a considerable sum for his improvements. Captain Sully\\nwas ordered from Fort Abercrombie to Fort Pierre, and marched across\\nthe country with two companies of infantry, and occupied Fort Pierre un-\\ntil 1858, when the place was abandoned by the Government, Captain\\nSully removing with his command to Fort Ridgely.\\nOld Fort Lookout, near Chamberlain, was occupied by General Harney\\nin 1856, but in the spring of 1857 he selected the site of Fort Randall,\\nwhich was erected and occupied in June of that year. Captain Lyon held\\nFort Lookout until 1858, when the place was abandoned.\\nThe first attempt at settlement in southern Dakota was made at Sioux", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "EESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 23\\nFalls, in the fall of 1856, by an organization called the Western town com-\\npany, of Dubuque, Iowa. The men who ventured to commence a settle-\\nment were ordered off by the Indians, and returned to Sioux City, Iowa.\\nIn December following a second attempt was made by members of the\\nsame company, who took possession of 320 acres of land around the falls.\\nIn May 1857, other representatives of the company again visited Sioux\\nFalls, and began the erection of a small stone house near the upper fall.\\nAbout the same time the Dakota land company, chartered by the Min-\\nnesota legislature, made a claim to 320 acres of land immediately south\\nof the land held by the Western land company. The members of the\\nDakota land company left St. Paul in a steamer, in May 1857, and pro-\\nceeding to New Ulm on the Minnesota river, traveled thence overland to\\nDakota, striking the Big Sioux river in Brookings county, where they lo-\\ncated the town of Medary, named for the governor of Minnesota. Jour-\\nneying down the river they located and named Flandreau, in honor of\\nJudge Flandreau, of St. Paul, and then pushed on to Sioux Falls, where\\nthey located land, as before stated, and named the place Sioux Falls City.\\nIn July of that year an uprising of the Sioux Indians compelled the\\nevacuation of all the settlements on the Sioux river.\\nIn December 1857, the governor of Minnesota appointed the first ofn\\ncers of Big Sioux county, now constituting the county of Minnehaha\\nDakota.\\nIn June 1858, the Indians a second time drove the settlers out of the\\nupper valley of the Sioux.\\nOn the 19th of April, 1858, a treaty was negotiated, by which the Yank-\\ntonnais tribe of Sioux Indians ceded all their lands east of the Missouri\\nriver excepting the present reservation in Charles Mix county.\\nFrom this date settlers came in rapidly, especially in the region border-\\ning on the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers.\\nThe autumn of 1862 witnessed the blood)- outbreak of the Sioux Indians,\\nwhich resulted in the dreadful massacre at New Ulm, Minnesota. The\\ninhabitants of all the settlements in southern Dakota fled to Yankton,\\nabandoning their crops, herds and dwellings, in their haste to reach a\\nplace of refuge. The outbreak proved to be of short duration, and the\\nsettlers soon began to return to their homes.\\nIn 1861 the War Department authorized the governor of the Territory\\nto raise two companies of volunteers for the war. These two companies\\nofficered by Captains Nelson Miner and William Tripp were stationed the\\nfollowing winter among the settlements of southern Dakota.\\nIn the summer of 1863 an organization known as the New York col-\\nony was effected at Syracuse, New York, which delegated Hon. James S.\\nFoster, now of Mitchell, to personally visit the West and select locations\\nfor the colony. In accordance with Mr. Foster s recommendations, about\\none hundred families left New York in the spring of 1864, and settled at\\nvarious points in the Missouri valley between the Big Sioux river and\\nBon Homme, southern Dakota.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe assessed valuation of the Territory in 1865 had grown to $158,903.\\nDuring the years 1867-8 the population of the Territory increased rap-\\nidly, and many new colonies were organized. A railroad was completed\\nto Sioux City, Iowa, near the Dakota line, in 1868, and the rush of immi-\\ngration which followed was so great that at the close of that year, the\\npopulation of the Territory was estimated at 12,000.\\nBy the treaty of April 29, 1868 the Sioux were re-located on their pres-\\nent reservation west of the Missouri\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and troubles with the Indians,\\nwhich had so often threatened the early settlements east of the river with\\nextinction, were forever at an end.\\nThe first telegraph line in the Territory was built from Sioux City to\\nYankton in 1870.\\nRailway construction was carried on extensively in 1872, and in 1873,\\nthe Sioux City and Yankton road was completed to the latter place.\\nIn 1874, gold was discovered in the Black Hills by General Custer s ex-\\npedition. Under an agreement with the Sioux Indians, ratified February\\n28, 1877, the Black Hills country was relinquished to the United States and\\nimmediately taken posession of by a throng of hardy pioneers, miners\\nand ranchers.\\nThe growth and development of Dakota during the decade since 1877,\\nas fully detailed in the statistical tables and comparisons making up the\\nsucceeding pages of this pamphlet, forms one of the most marvelous\\nepochs in the history of the settlement of the West.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 25\\nGEOGRAPHY OF DAKOTA\\nDakota is situated between the meridians of 96\u00c2\u00b0 25 and 104\u00c2\u00b0 5 longi-\\ntude west from Greenwich, and between the parallels of 42\u00c2\u00b0 28 and 49\u00c2\u00b0\\nnorth latitude, and is located on the northern line of the Republic, about\\nmidway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Its extreme length\\nnorth and south approximates 430 miles, and east and west 385 miles.\\nAn official work on the public domain, published in 1888, by authority\\nof Congress, estimates the present area of Dakota at 150,932 square miles\\nor 96,596,480 acres.\\nDakota is greater in area than either the kingdoms of Norway, Great\\nBritain and Ireland, or Italy; more than twice the size of either England\\nand Wales, or Turkey in Europe; over four times the size of Portugal and\\nnearly live times greater than Ireland or Scotland, and would make ten\\nDenmarks or Belgiums.\\nThe distance from Yankton, on the southeast boundary, in a straight\\nline to Pembina, on the northern boundary, is nearly as far as from Chi-\\ncago to Memphis, or from New York to Raleigh, N. C, or from Washing-\\nton to Ottawa, Ont.\\nTo better comprehend the vastness of Dakota s landed possessions, it\\nmay be stated that the states of Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey,\\nVermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Delaware, Maryland\\nand Massachusetts could all be placed within her boundaries, and yet\\nthere would be room for another state as large as Massachusetts, which,\\nif added, would still leave a place for two additional states the size of\\nConnecticut, and with these added, there remains room for two more\\nDelawares and six Districts of Columbia\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and still the area of Dakota\\nwould not be covered.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLE SHOWING THE AREA OF DAKOTA\\nIn comparison with that of each state and territory of the Union.\\n28 NEW YORK,\\n27 NORTH CAROLINA,\\nALABAMA,\\n25 ARKANSAS,\\n24 FLORIDA,\\n23 WISCONSIN,\\n22 IOWA,\\n21 ILLINOIS,\\n20 MICHIGAN,\\n19 GEORGIA,\\nRANK. STATES.\\nSQUARE MILES.\\nACRES.\\n48 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,\\n60\\n38,400\\n47 RHODE ISLAND\\n~1\\n1,085\\n694,400\\n46 DELAWARE,\\nI\\n1,960\\n1,254,400\\n45 CONNECTICUT,\\nI~\\n4,845\\n3,100,800\\n44 NEW JERSEY,\\n7.455\\n4,771,200\\n43 MASSACHUSETTS,\\n^T\\n8,040\\n5,145,600\\n42 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\n41 VERMONT,\\n11\\n9,005\\n9,135\\n5,763,200\\n5,846,400\\n40 MARYLAND,\\n9,860\\n6,310,400\\n39 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n38 MAINE,\\n24,645\\n29,895\\n30,170\\n15,772,800\\n19,132,800\\n37 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\nmm\\n19,308,800\\n36 INDIANA,\\nma\\n35,910*\\n40,000\\n22,982,400\\n35 KENTUCKY,\\n~~SiSSI\\n25,600,000\\n34 VIRGINIA,\\nKiln\\n40,125\\n25,680,000\\n33 OHIO,\\nt\\\\v- -J\\n40,760\\n26,086,400\\n32 TENNESSEE,\\nin\\n41,750\\n26,720,000\\n31 PENNSYLVANIA,\\n30 LOUISIANA,\\n1\\n44,985\\n45,420\\n28,790,400\\n29,068,800\\n29 MISSISSIPPI,\\n46,340\\n29,657,200\\n18 WASHINGTON TER.\\n17 MISSOURI,\\n16 INDIAN TER.,\\n15 NEBRASKA,\\n14 MINNESOTA,\\n13 KANSAS,\\n12 UTAH,\\n11 IDAHO,\\n10 OREGON,\\n47,620\\n48,580\\n51,540\\n53,045\\n54,240\\n14,450\\n5,475\\n1,000\\n30,476,800\\n31,091,$\\n32,985,600\\n33,948,800\\n34,713,600\\n34,848,000\\n35,504,000\\n35,840,000\\nK\u00c2\u00a77,430\\n36,755,200\\nHJ8,980\\n37,747,200\\nE 880\\n42,803,200\\nE|,735\\n43,990,400\\nSg830\\n44,691,200\\nSj.85\\n48,758,400\\n1$05\\n50,691.200\\nKfao\\n52,288,000\\n52.601,600\\n53,J15,600\\n60,518,400\\n62,448,000\\n3 DAKOTA,\\n2 CALIFORNIA,\\n96,596,480\\n99.827.200", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES 01 DAKOTA.\\n27\\nCOMPARATIVE TABLE\\nShowing the area of Dakota in square miles as also that of some of the Foreign\\nGovernments.\\nRank (rovernment.\\nSqua\\nre Miles,\\n1 MONACO,\\nI\\n6\\n2 ANDOKEA,\\n198\\n3 MONTENEGRO,\\nEHi\\n1,770\\n4 BELGIUM,\\n11,373\\n5 EASTERN ROUMELIA,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Btt\\n13,500\\n6 DENMARK,\\nHHffi\\n14,553\\n7 SWITZERLAND,\\nesehs\\n15,233\\n8 GREECE,\\nHBBH)\\n19,941\\n9 NETHERLANDS,\\n10 SERVIA,\\n11 BULGARIA.\\n12 bosn:\\n13 IRELAND.\\n14 PORTUGAL,\\n15 ROUMANIA,\\n16 ENGLAND WALES,\\n17 TURKEY IN EUROPE\\n20,527\\n20,850\\n24,360\\n28,125\\n31,874\\ni,510\\n45,642\\n62,028\\n18 ITALY\\n114,296\\n19 GT. BRIT. IRELAND\\n20 NORWAY,\\n21~DAKOTA,\\n22 SWEDEN,\\n23 SPAIN,\\n120,879\\n24 FRANCE.\\n25 GERMAN EM.\\nA I STRIAN EM\\n204,091\\n240,943\\nTOPOGRAPHY.\\nThe general topography of the Territory is that of a vast undulating\\nplain, which covers about four-fifths of its surface. The great Plateau du\\nCoteau du Missouri, of the French explorers, occupies a belt traversing\\nthe Territory diagonally from the northwest to the southeast. This is not\\nthe high dividing ridge that it was formerly supposed to be, but simply a\\nvast elevated plain, occasionally broken by low hills. A somewhat simi-\\nlar plateau, but much less in extent, lies between the Minnesota line and\\nthe valley of the James river.\\nThe country west of the Missouri river, (the largest part of which is\\ncontained within the boundaries of Indian reservations), has much the\\nsame character, although more broken by hills and buttes, and with the\\nadvantage of a greater number of streams, which are fringed with con-\\nsiderable timber.\\nTopographically Dakota may be divisible into two parts eastern and\\nwestern. The portion west and northwest of the Missouri river is undu-", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nIating. As we approach the southwest line it is rugged and mountainous.\\nHere are found the rich mineral lands of the Black Hills.\\nThe great portion east of the Missouri, or the settled, cultivated part of\\nDakota is chiefly a vast plateau or plain, generally with but little native\\ntimber. The surface is smooth, even on the undulating portions, is cov-\\nered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and abounds in lakes and rivers,\\nmany more than are apparent on the maps. Strange as it may seem, the\\nlakes are often on the highest grounds. This abundance of moisture\\nwould suggest swamps, but a team can be driven anywhere at all seasons,\\nregardless of established roads. The lakes are chiefly where the water\\ndoes not drain off. Again, the marsh wire-grass is not met, only the up-\\nland varieties, chiefly the bunch, blue-joint and the buffalo grasses. Like\\nthe pampas of South America, the lands furnished an abundance of graz-\\ning for the vast herds of buffalo that roamed over Dakota but a few years\\nago. A boulder here and there on the surface is encountered; otherwise\\nthere are no rocks or strata of rocks apparent, even on deep digging, with\\nthe exception of one or two localities. The surface soil is composed of\\ntwo or three feet of black loam (humus), then several feet of brown,\\nclayey, gravelly soil, (hard pan). Beneath that, pockets of gravel and\\nsand are met, and finally a layer of deep-blue clay is encountered, some-\\ntimes many feet in thickness, and again gravel and sand. In some cases\\nwell-diggers have come across the stumps of trees (cedar) thirty feet be-\\nlow the surface. The water in some of the lakes and rivers is slightly al-\\nkaline, and occasionally even brackish. Hard water is generally due to\\nthe large proportion of carbonate of lime, but, in addition to this, Dakota\\nsoil water, (when alkaline), contains sulphate of soda, sulphate of mag-\\nnesia, sulphate of lime, and common salt, all of which give it a brackish\\ntaste. The soil, however, for this very reason, is peculiarly adapted to\\nthe growth of wheat, for which Dakota has become so famous. Dakota\\nFrom a Scientific View Dr. T. C. Duncan, Chicago.\\nMOUNTAINS AND HILLS.\\nProperly speaking, there are only two mountainous regions in Dakota,\\nknown as the Black Hills and Turtle Mountain. The Black Hills, located\\nin the extreme southwestern part of the Territory, cover an area in Da-\\nkota equal ;to about 40 by 80 miles, or equivalent to 3,200 square miles. The\\nTurtle Mountains of Bottineau and Rolette counties in the far northern\\nportion of the Territory are a range of high hills dignified by the name of\\nmountains, rising a few hundred feet above the prairies. They cover\\nan area of about 20x40 miles or 800 square miles.\\nThe highest point of the Black Hills, Harney Peak, reaches an altitude\\nof 8,200 feet above the sea, and the average elevation of the Hills region\\nis nearly 6,000 feet, or from 2,500 to 4,700 feet above the surrounding plains.\\nThe Turtle Mountains are surmounted by only one or two high peaks\\nnotably, Butte St. Paul and Bear Butte, which are elevated some 700 feet\\nabove the surrounding countrv, and 2,300 feet above the sea.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 20\\nBoth the Black Hills and Turtle Mountains are covered with a consid-\\nerable growth of timber, the former principally with pine and the latter\\nwith oak, aspen, birch., etc.\\nThe Wessington and Ree Hills in Hand county, are quite prominent\\nelevations, as are also the Bijou Hills in Brule county.\\nGEOLOGY.\\nThe geological structure of Dakota covers a wide range of formations,\\nfrom the Archaean of the Black Hills to the fresh water Tertiary and\\nQuartenary of the great plains, and the Missouri valley. Scientists say\\nthat Dakota lay directly in the path of a great continental glacier, which\\nin its passage eroded and ground down the loftiest mountains and the\\nflintiest of rocks and carried the debris, according to its composition and\\nspecific gravity, to greater or less distances. This erosion of the ancient\\nrocks and mountains must have been enormous to have produced such a\\nvast accumulation of drift material, as is found overlaying the plains of\\nDakota.\\nProfessor Denton, of Massachusetts, a distinguished geologist, has aptly\\ndescribed the causes which led to the formation of the deep and rich soil\\nof the Red River valley in the following words: When the cold of the\\nglacial period gave place to the present climate, the indications are that\\nthe change took place instantaneously, and the great ice sheet then cov-\\nering this northern region in some places a mile or more in thickness\\nwas (by a new inclination of the earth s axis to the plane of its orbit),\\nsuddenly introduced to a temperate climate. Melting in the hot sum-\\nmer suns, it produced a flood, the effects of which are observable to the\\ngeologist, from north Minnesota to the Gulf. But such a body of ice\\nmelted not in one or a dozen summers. For many years lay the great ice-\\nfield to the north, preventing the passage of waters in the direction\\nthe general slope of the country here would have led them, and thus, as\\nfar south as the slope of the land would permit, a lake existed. At the\\nbottom of the lake, mud was continually being deposited, produced by the\\nground down Silurian, Devonian and Cretaceous beds lying to the north,\\nover which the ice still for many years continued to move, bearing masses\\nof their earthy substances. Boulders, gravel, etc., are covered deep be-\\nneath the lake mud, and that mud is now the soil of the country, admi-\\nrably adapted to the production of grain best fitted to build up the physi-\\ncal system of man.\\nAnd as the soil of this section is the drift and alluvial deposit of glacial\\naction, just so was the soil of the great Missouri plateau, the James river\\nvalley, and, in fact, every foot of the Territory formed.\\nThe granitic boulders carried down by glacial streams from the Archsen\\nregions of Minnesota and Canada are found cropping out along the slopes\\nof the bluffs bordering the James and east bank of the Missouri rivers,\\nand are frequently discovered in boring wells 40, 60 and 100 feet beneath\\nthe surface, giving some idea of the depth of the drift deposit. Through-\\nout the country east of the Missouri, these granitic boulders are common;", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nwest of the river they are fewer and smaller in size, and finally, within a\\ndistance of a hundred miles, disappear altogether, showing that glacial\\naction was confined somewhat to the eastern half of the Territory.\\nThis theory is very forcibly demonstrated at Pierre, where, on the east\\nbank of the Missouri, the hills adjacent to the river are crowned with\\nboulders of all sizes, while immediately across the stream not a boulder\\nis to be found.\\nProf. Denton speaks of the gradual disappearance of the indications of\\nglacial action west of the Missouri river, as follows:\\nFrom the Missouri river for about sixty miles west on the line of the\\nNorthern Pacific, we find boulders of granite, gneiss and quartzite dimin-\\nishing in size and number as we go west, till at the distance named they\\ndisappear from the hills and are found only in the valleys and beds of the\\nstreams. In the valley of the Green river, 100 miles west of the Missouri\\nat Bismarck, I found the last drift fragments where they had been floated\\non ice cakes and dropped, and beyond this westward for eighty miles, and\\nprobably on to the Rockies, no vestige of drift nor indications of glacial\\naction exists. The western part of the United States, except in the high\\nmountain regions, was not covered with ice during the glacial period any\\nmore than was northern Asia. The boulders on the hills west of Mandan,\\n(near the Missouri where the Northern Pacific crosses it), and those scat-\\ntered over the country east of Bismarck, were dropped by floating ice-\\nbergs passing down the Missouri river, whose waters then resembled a\\nsea. For boulders to have passed over that nortion of Dakota, the waters\\nmust have stood 500 feet higher than the nresent level of the Missouri,\\nand they then covered a breadth of more than 100 miles.\\nAt a later period, during the post-glacial days, while the vast ice-field\\nwas melting away, Dakota is supposed to have been covered by a great\\ninland sea, through which flowed the Missouri and other streams, bring-\\ning down the sediment formed by the northern glaciers grinding up the\\nrocks around their head-waters. This sediment came from the disinte-\\ngrated and pulverized rocks of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations,\\nwhich are generally soft, porous and friable. Subsequently, by the deep\\ncuttings of the streams, the waters of this great inland sea were carried\\noff to the ocean and the Dakota plains appeared. The surface over every\\npart of the Territory has been greatly modified since the glacial period\\nby the action of flowing water. The greatest effect has been in the Black\\nHills region, where the cuttings and erosions reach several thousand feet.\\nThe valleys of the Missouri and other streams have all been cut out since\\nthe vast blanket of slowly-moving ice covered the land. It is also quite\\nprobable that several fresh-water lakes have existed since that period,\\nbesides the great lake of the Missouri valley whose waters have been\\ndrained off by the cutting of the streams.\\nThe alkali with which the soil of the Dakota plains is impregnated, has\\nbeen derived, in great part, from the ground-up rocks of the Cretaceous\\nand Tertiary periods, which contained quantities of imperfect coal, salts,\\nsulphuret of iron, and other chemical ingredients.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 31\\nSome have a theory that the coal of the Tertiary formation once ex-\\ntended over nearly the whole of Dakota, and that it has been burned out,\\nleaving the soil impregnated as now found. This theory is not well sup-\\nported, however, by tangible evidence.\\n*The natural history of the peculiar formation of Dakota is, as near as\\ngeologists can now unravel the mystery of the continent formation, sup-\\nposed to be as follows: The infant continent of North America, as it rose\\nabove the primeval waters, was supposed to be in the shape of a rough\\ntriangle, with one extremity reaching beyond Winnipeg and the other\\naway off beyond Quebec, while the junction was about the union of lakes\\nSuperior and Huron at least the oldest discovered, or Laurentian rocks,\\nare along those lines. As the portions to the south and west rose grad-\\nually out of the prehistoric ocean, we can understand that this section\\ncontained the wealth of the early sediment. Geologists have arrived at\\nthe conclusion that the entire area of the United States and territories\\nwas, during the lower Silurian age,the bed of a comparatively shallow sea.\\n[Winchell.] Finally the Rocky mountains and the Alleghenies were\\nthrown up, walling in the glaciers that subsequently mowed down from\\nthe upheaved north, grinding oft tne fertile portions of the new continent\\nand depositing this with other drift r Ter this Dakota region, which would\\naccount for the trees being buried under clay, gravel, sand, soil and other\\ndebris. This whole Mississippi valley was, as it is sup; osxl, again sub-\\nmerged at the close of the glacial era, and again to rise, and was, until\\nquite recently, a series of shallow lakes. At least that is the recent view\\nof the origin of the many prairies. Into these lakes the water of the sur-\\nrounding country was drained. The sediment, broken rocks, glacial de-\\nbris, and rank vegetation of the long ages, gave a saline character to these\\nlake waters. Where they were shut in, like Salt Lake, they became more\\nbrackish than the ocean. Sea water may be regarded as the accumula-\\ntion of all the surface drainings of the earth. [Brand s Chemistry.]\\nDakota, at this time, was undoubtedly a vast lake, with, at present, unde-\\nfined limits. It doubtless extended from the north to the extreme south\\nof the Territory, even into Iowa and Nebraska, and from central Minne-\\nsota, on the east, to the Missouri river or beyond. This vast lake received\\nthe wealthy washings from virgin land all around, until finally the water\\nbecame decidedly brackish. The saline ingredients underwent many\\nchanges, but much was deposited in the sediment at the bottom. It is\\nwell known that water, especially the saline, forms a precipitate. The\\nlake began to overflow and the Dakota, or James river, to the south, and\\nthe Red River to the north, drained this vast expanse, and luxurious\\ngrasses took possession of this lake bed with its heavy deposit of organic\\nmatter, and it became the home of the buffalo, Indians and prairie fires.\\nSuch, in brief, seems to be the natural hi st ory of this won derful section.\\nDakota From a Scientific Point of View Dr. T. C. Duncan, Chicago.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nSOIL.\\nThe Department of Agriculture, Washington, during the year 1885, in-\\nvestigated at some length the chemical composition of different soils, with\\nreference to their fertility, and believing the agriculturist will find in the\\nchemist s report a fund of information about soils in general, and especi-\\nally as regards the kinds of crops adapted to the prairie soil of Dakota,\\nspace is given to the following summary:\\nThe chemical composition of the soil, when taken in connection with\\nits physical state and the climatic condition of the locality, is a guide to\\nscientific agriculture, which cannot be neglected. All soils are the results\\nof the natural disintegration of the rocks by atmospheric agencies, mingled\\nwith decayed vegetable and animal matter in greater or less proportion.\\nSoil is a mixture of sand, either quartzose or feldspathic, clay, carbonate\\nof lime and humus, or organic matter, and on the preponderence of one\\nor more of these constituents the usual classification of soils are based.\\nWhatever their composition and texture, soils are, from a geological\\nstandpoint, mainly of two sorts, soils of disintegration and soils of trans-\\nport. Under the former are comprehended such as arise from the waste\\nand decay of the immediately underlying rocks, the limestones, trap,\\ngranites, and the like, together with a certain admixture of vegetable and\\nanimal debris, and which are directly influenced in their composition,\\ntexture and drainage by the nature of the subjacent rocks from which\\nthey are derived; under the latter are embraced all drift and alluvial\\nmaterials, such as sand, shingly debris, miscellaneous silt and clay, which\\nhave been worn from other rocks by atmospheric agencies and trans-\\nported to their existing positions by winds, waters or ancient glacier\\nactions.\\nAll exposed rocks break up, in course of time, under the continued\\naction of atmospheric agencies, however hard or refractory they may be.\\nFrom the hardest granites, basalts and lavas to the softest limestones and\\nmarls, all are undergoing this disintegration and the soils to which they\\ngive rise will vary in depth, composition and texture, according to the\\nsoftness and mineral character of the rocks and the length of time they\\nhave been subjected to these agencies. The rocks of which feldspar is", "height": "4104", "width": "2337", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 33\\none of the constituents are the origins of the clays and potash,, which are\\nmet with in all arable soils. Feldspar is a silicate of aluminium and\\npotassium, which in disintegration forms a clay or silicate of aluminium,\\nand a silicate of potassium. The primitive and igneous rocks yield soils\\nrich in potash and the fossiliferous rocks those rich in phosphoric acid.\\nFrom an agricultural standpoint, the soil, which is the natural storehouse\\nand laboratory whence plants derive their supply of food, should present\\ndifferent qualities which, according as they are more or less developed,\\nexert a considerable influence upon its fertility it should be firm enough\\nto afford a proper degree of support for the plants that grow on it and yet\\n]oose enough to allow the delicate fibers, of the rootlets to extend them-\\nselves in all directions in search of the food of which they are in need.\\nIt must be of such a texture as to allow the free access of air, without\\nwhich plants cannot live; and it must be close enough to retain, for a\\nconsiderable time, the water which falls on it, and yet porous enough to\\nallow the excess to drain away. In this respect the nature of the subsoil\\nand the depth of the surface soil are both important. When a soil rests\\nimmediately upon a bed of rocks or gravel, it will naturally be dryer than\\nwhen it rests on clay or marl.\\nOn the other hand, a clay subsoil may be of great advantage to a sandy\\nsoil, by enabling it to retain moisture longer in dry weather. Those soils\\nare best adapted to agriculture which consist of a mixture of sand with a\\nmoderate quantity of clay and a little vegetable matter. The ammonia\\nfloating in the atmosphere is continually being washed into the soil,\\ncarried into it by the rains. The clay, oxide of iron, and the organic\\nmatter contained in the soils, perform the important function of absorp-\\ntion. This property of clay may be one of the reasons why clay lands are\\nmore suitable to wheat than are sandy soils. The amount of moisture re-\\ntained by a soil, is generally in direct ratio to its contents of organic\\nmatter and its state of division. A proper degree of fineness in the parti-\\ncles of the soil is very important to obtain, especially if it is subjected to\\ndrought. During dry weather plants require a soil that is both retentive\\nand absorptive of atmospheric moisture and that soil which has this\\nfaculty will evidently raise a more vigorous growth than one without it.\\nThe materials which are most influential in soils may be arranged in the\\nfollowing order, when this condition of retaining moisture is considered:\\nOrganic matter, marls, clays, loams and sands.\\nThe action of rain carries the soluble ingredients which the plants re-\\nquire to their roots and supplies them with the necessary moisture. The\\nsoil however, must be permeable enough to let the excess water drain\\naway.\\nThe amount of food taken from the soil by wheat is given in the follow-\\ning table from the Chemistry of the Farm", "height": "4211", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nWHEAT.\\nThe weight and average composition of wheat in pounds, per acre (R. Warrington).\\nWeight of\\ncrop\u00e2\u0080\u0094 d\\nZ\\n2 -i\\n3\\n1 \\\\i I 1 1 1 i\\nBh x h! f-- Pk O\\n3\\nDry.\\nTotal pure a\\nLbs Lbs Lbs\\nWheat, grain (30 bushels)..,.... 1,800 1,530 31\\nStraw 3,158 2,653 158\\nLbs Lbs\\nLbs Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs.\\n9.7 .9 1.0 3.7 14.3 .2 .5\\n18.2 2.: 9.2 4.0 8.4 1.7 110.6\\nTotal crop 4,958 4,183 189 45 7.8 27.9 3.410.2 7.7 22.7 1.9 111.1\\nIii general, we may say that cereal crops apparently possess a capac-\\nity for feeding on silicates not enjoyed by other crops, and contain a less\\namount of nitrogen than either the root or leguminous crops; neverthe-\\nless they respond the most readily to nitrogenous manures. The amount\\nof phosphoric acid is the most constant of all the constituent of crops,\\nbeing concentrated in the grain. The root crops contain a large amount\\nof potash, and are the most exhausting to the soil in consequence; they\\ntake up more nitrogen than do the cereals, besides other ash constituents,\\nas phosphoric acid. Leguminous crops contain about twice as much ni-\\ntrogen as do the cereals, and the potash and lime occurs in large propor-\\ntions. Silica is nearly absent. They respond most readily to potash\\nmanures.\\nThe growth of forests is far less exhausting to a soil than are most ordi-\\nnary farm crops, especially where the leaves from the trees are left to\\nmanure the ground by their decay.\\nSoil consists of an organic and of an inorganic or mineral part, the for-\\nmer derived from the decay of plant-life for many ages, together with the\\ndung and remains of animals, and the latter arising from the weathering\\nof the rocks.\\nThe organic matter varies in different soils, being most deficient in\\nsandy soils and poor clays, and even in very fertile lands occurring only\\nin small quantities. In the famous black soil of Russia, which is found in\\nthe provinces of the Ural mountains, and in those that border them, it\\nvaries from 5 to 12 per cents In some of our own prairie soils the amount is\\nnearly as high. In leaf mold it occurs considerably higher, and in peat\\nmore than 50 per cent., very often. From its dark color it is a good ab-\\nsorbent of heat, its own specific heat being much above that of the soil\\ngenerally. It is hygroscopic and greatly increases the water-holding\\npower of sandy soils; besides, it has the power of absorbing and retaining\\nammoniacal salts. By its decomposition it forms a source of carbonic acid,\\nwhich is readily absorbed by plant-life. The mechanical condition of a\\nsoil is much improved by its presence when in moderate quantities, but\\nwhen present in excessive amount it acts injuriously by deoxidizing ferric", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 35\\nsalts, and in other ways. [Versuchs Stationen Organ, vol. xiv. pp. 248-\\n300.]\\nThe inorganic- or mineral portions of the soil is, with the addition of\\nalumina, composed of the same substances as make up the inorganic por-\\ntion of plants, and which form their ashes when burnt. The mineral soil-\\nconstituents include the following substances:\\nca,Si0 2 Potash, KoO.\\nAlumina, A1 2 3 Soda, Na 2 Q.\\nLime carbonate, CaCo,. Magnesia, MgO.\\nFerric oxide, Fe 2 3 Chlorine, CI.\\nPhosphoric acid. r_.0.-,. Sulphuric acid, S0 3\\n(Phosphoric anhydride.) (Sulphuric anhydride.)\\nThese exist in very different proportions in different soils. The first\\nthree, sand, clay and lime, represent more than 90 per cent, of the sub-\\nstance of most soils, and as one or the other predominates the soil is said\\nto be sandy, clayey, or calcareous. The most active constituents of the\\nsoil, phosphoric acid, and the two alkalies, potash ami soda, occur in very\\nsmall quantities, as do the other and less important constituents, mag-\\nnesia; chlorine, and sulphuric acid.\\nSilica exists in different proportions in v tils, mostly in an insol-\\nuble state, and that, most largely, in the poorest sandy soil-;; fertile soils\\ncor. ally a very small quantity of it in a soluble form. Sandy\\nsoils contain from 70 to 00 per cent, of silica; even stiff clay soils from 60\\nto 70 per cent.; and calcareous or lime soils and maris from 20 to 30 per\\ncent.\\nIts value, as a source of plant food, consists in being in the form of solu-\\nble silicates. In its insoluble state, like quartz sand, its action is nearly\\nmechanical, making the soil lighter for cultivation. Those soils, derived\\nfrom rocks of which feldspar is one of the constituents, will contain some\\nsilica in a. soluble form, whilst those derived from quartzose rocks will\\ncontain it in the insoluble state. The hyd rated silica, in the analyses,\\nrepresents that which is gradually available for plant food.\\nAlumina, or clay, is a silicate rjf aluminium, and it is derived from the\\ndisintegration of feldspathic rocks and other similar silicates; if absolutely\\npure it would furnish nothing for plant food; as, however, this is seldom\\nthe case, it furnishes a supply of potash frequently in considerable quan-\\ntities, lay has the important property of absorbing and retaining phos-\\nphoric acid, ammonia, potash; lime, and other substances necessary for\\nplant food. Clay soils contain on an average from 6 to 10 per cent, of\\nalumina. In sandy soils it varies from 1 to -1 per cent., and in marls, cal-\\ncareous soils, and vegetable molds from 1 to 6 per cent.\\nThe presence of alumina in the soil is purely mechanical, as it is never\\nfound in the mineral portions of plants, and the larger the precentage of\\nit present the more difficult the soil becomes to cultivate, offering a great-\\ner or less resistance to the implements of tillage.\\nThe lime or calcareous matter generally occurring in the state of carbon-\\nate varies in soils from about 90 per cent, and under in limestones and", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nmarls, to mere traces in some other soils. Clays and loams generally eon-\\ntain from 1 to 3 per cent, of the carbonate. Less than one per cent, may\\nbe regarded as a defective quantity. In the lighest sandy soils the per-\\ncentage of lime should not fall below .100, in clay loams not below .250,\\nand in heavy clay soils not below .500. Where a soil is deficient in lime,\\nthe little there is of it is present in combination with the organic acids,\\nand is more abundant on the surface than in the subsoil. It preserves\\nthe particles of clay in a separate coagulated condition, and thus allows\\nthem to exercise their absorbent powers on various salts, which other-\\nwise would escape their action. It also promotes the decomposition of\\nvegetable matter and the formation of nitrates in the soil.\\nMost green crops are often subject to disease when grown on soils defi-\\ncient in lime, even when they have been well manured. Up to a certain\\nstage, the cereal or other crops appear to thrive well, but as the season\\nadvances they sustain a check and yield a poor harvest. This is espec-\\nially the case in poor sandy soils, and a good dose of lime or marl, followed\\nby barnyard manure or guano, has a most beneficial effect. By this\\nmeans the valuable portion of the manure or guano, the ammonia, pot-\\nash, and phosphoric acid, are retained in the land, whilst the others com-\\nbine with the lime and are gradually washed out.\\nFerric oxide is found in all soils, and causes the reddish color so very\\ncommon in a great many of them. To its presence is chiefly due the re-\\ntention of the phosphoric acid, an insoluble basic phosphate of iron being\\nproduced. On its state of oxidation depends its favorable influence on\\nthe soil, that of ferric, sesqui or peroxide, better known as the red rust\\nof iron, being the most suitable. In its less perfectly oxidized forms,\\nwhich are, however, soluble in organic acids that exist very often in the\\nsubsoil, it becomes peroxidized on exposure to the air. Its action is both\\nphysical and chemical. The preference of farmers for red land arises\\nfrom their experience of its beneficial action in the soil.\\nFrom 1.5 to 4 per cent, of ferric oxide is ordinarily found in soils but\\nslightly tinted. Ordinary ferruginous loams vary from 3.5 to 7 per cent.;\\nhighly colored red lands have from 7 to 12 per cent., and occasionally\\n20 per cent, and more. The efficiency of the ferric oxide depends upon\\nits mechanical condition; when incrusting the grains of sand or occurring\\nas nodules, whilst the chemical analysis may show a large percentage of it\\npresent, it exerts little or no influence upon the soil, but when in a state\\nof fine division these advantages are realized.\\nSoils containing a large percentage of ferric oxide have generally a low\\npercentage of organic matter, but, notwithstanding, are, as a rule, very fer-\\ntile. In clay lands, especially, its presence is very beneficial as tending to\\nmake them easier for tillage its color tends to the absorption of heat and\\nof oxygen. Such soils, however, suffer from floods or bad drainage, the\\nferric oxide becoming reduced under such circumstances to the ferrous\\nstate.\\nPhosphoric acid m contained in all good soils, but in very small quantities", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 87\\nwhen compared with the other principal ingredients, and exists in com-\\nbination with lime, iron, and alumina, phosphate of lime being its most\\ncommon form. In general, even in the most fertile soils, it. is found in\\nvery minute quantities, on an average less than one-iialfper cent.; in clay\\nlands this may rise to 1 per cent. Its value in fertilizers depends on its\\nstate of combination, whether it is soluble and immediately available for\\nplant food as the superphosphates, or slowly soluble like the lime phos-\\nphates,forming a reserve store of food for the future. It occurs in all soils\\nthat have been formed from such rocks as the granites, gneisses, lime\\nstones, and dolomites, which contain it without exception; volcanic soils\\npossess it in large quantities, whilst alluvial soils and those lands that are\\nperiodically swept by floods, are much poorer. Soils containing less than\\n.05 per cent, of it will be sterile and unfertile, as a general rule, unless\\naccompanied by a large amount of lime.\\nPotash. All soils suitable for cultivation contain potash in an available\\nform, arising from the disintegration of feldspathic and other rocks. In\\nthe majority of cases the natural supply of the soil is sufficient to furnish\\nto the plants the potash of which they are in need; a soil containing .125\\nper cent, should furnish potash enough for a century, without its being\\nnecessary to add to the manures used on such soils any salt of potash.\\nBesides this available potash, the soil often contains very considerable\\nquantities of this element which the acids do not attack, and which form\\nthe reserve for the future supply of the plants.\\nThe quantity of potash varies in the different soils from the merest\\ntraces up to 1 and 2 per cent. Sandy and peaty soils and marls are gen-\\nerally deficient in this alkali, whilst soils rich in alumina are, with sonic\\nexceptions, also rich in potash. It exists in the soil in combination with\\nsilica, forming a silicate which is somewhat soluble in water. Heavy clay\\nsoils and clayey loams, vary from .8 to .5 per cent. lighter loams, from .45\\nto .30 per cent.; sandy loams, below .3 per cent., and sandy soils of great\\ndepth may contain less than .1 per cent v consistently with fertility de-\\npending on the amounts of lime and phosphoric acid with which it is as-\\nsociated. A high percentage of potash in a soil seems capable of making\\nup for a low percentage of lime_, and, conversely, a soil very rich in lime\\nand phosphoric acid may be very fertile notwithstanding a low percent-\\nage of potash. The average annual consumption of potash for raising-\\ncrops is 45 pounds per acre, or about .002 per cent.\\nSoda. This is a less important constituent in soil than ])otash, and unless\\nnear the sea coast is present in even smaller quantities. Under the form\\nof common salt, however, its presence is a cause of sterility in the soil\\nwhen it exceeds .10 per cent, in quantity.\\nMagnesia is found in all fertile soils^ in different proportions, often\\namounting to a mere trace. In the majority of cases the percentage !6f\\nmagnesia is greater than that of the lime, but it does not seem capable of\\nperforming, to any appreciable extent the general function of lime in soil\\nimprovement.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nSulphuric acid and chlorine occur very sparingly in most soils. From .02\\nto .04 per cent, of the former seems to be adequate to most soils.\\nThere does not exist any affinity between the quantities of lime and\\nmagnesia contained in soils and those of potash and of phosphoric acid.\\nNitrogen and Nitrates. The natural sources of nitrogen in crops are the\\nnitrates and ammonia salts, which are seldom present in large quantities,\\nand should be used on or generated in the soil as rapidly as crops require\\nthem. The process of nitrification, whereby inert or unassimilable nitro-\\ngen becomes converted into nitric acid, is thus of great importance to\\nagriculturists. This is due to a minute bactarium present in all soils,\\nwhereby the humus and ammonia are oxidized and the nitrogen con-\\nverted into nitric acid. This process does not take place unless the soil\\nis moist and has free access of air, and some base, generally lime, is pres-\\nent, with which the nitric acid can combine. Nitrification is thus most\\nactive in summer, and ceases, apparently, in winter.\\nIn carrying on these investigations by the National Department of Ag-\\nriculture, samples of thirty different soils, taken from widely separated\\nareas of the United States, were completely analyzed by the chemist, and\\nthree of these sample- were of prairie soils from Dakota. The result of\\nthe analysis of the samples from Dakota is given in full below:\\nANALYSIS OF THREE SAMPLES OP AIR-DRIED DAKOTA SOILS.\\n(By Edgar Richards. Chemist U. S. Department of Agriculture\\nSamples.\\nComponent parts.\\nXo. 1. No. 2. No. 3.\\nPercentage of:\\nHygroscopic moisture 6.275 7.800 7.700\\nInsoluble silica V i 53.415 30.555\\nHydrated silica 00,335 13.020 21.215\\nSoluble silica J .400 .460 .485\\nSesquioxide of iron Fe 2 3 4.006; 4.608 3.204\\nAluminia. AU0 3 7.052 0.030 7.382\\nPhosphoric acid, P,,0 5 112 .112 .224\\nLime, CaO 848 .852 3.808\\nMagnesia, MgO .808 1.535 2.007\\nPotash, K,0.. .720 .725 .745\\nSoda, NaoO .045 .040 1.550\\nSulphuric acid, SO, .120 .077 .163\\nChlorine, CI .027 .053 .078\\nCarbonic acid, CO. 220 .104 2.530\\nVolatile and organic matter 8.005 6.171 10.175\\nTotal 100.013 100.102 100.971\\nNitrogen, N I .324 .170 .414\\nThe analysis leads to the following conclusions\\nFirst The remarkable adaptability of Dakota soils to readily imbibe and\\nretain moisture. Of all the samples analyzed by the chemist only one", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 39\\nexceeded in the percentage of hygroscopic moisture the lowest amount\\nobtained from eitherjjf the Dakota soils.\\nSecond. That, as regards silica in its soluble state, (and in this way only\\nis it valuable as a source of plant food), the Dakota soils rank third on the\\nlist of the thirty samples analyzed, and are, therefore, particularly well\\nadapted to the raising of cereal crops, which possess in a marked degree\\nthe capacity for feeding~on silicates. And the same is true of the per-\\ncentage shown of hydrated silica, which represents that which is grad-\\nually available for plant food.\\nThird. It contains the average of 4 per cent, of ferric oxide, valuable,\\nbecause to its presence is chief!} due the retention of phosphoric acid, and\\nbecause it tends to make clay lands easier of tillage.\\nFourth. In the percentage of alumina or clay in the soil, the samples\\nfrom Dakota, containing an average of over 8 per cent., are again third on\\nthe list. Its presence is valuable as furnishing a supply of potash and be-\\ncause it has the important property of absorbing and retaining phosphoric\\naoid, ammonia, potash, lime, and other substances necessary for plant food.\\nThe chemist declares the light clay soil, containing from G to 10 per cent,\\nof alumina, the best for wheat.\\nFifth. It shows an abundant supply of phosphoric acid which the\\nchemist says, in general, even in the most fertile soils, is found in very\\nminute quantities. The percentage of phosphoric acid found in sample\\nNo. 3, is exceeded in but one of all the soils analyzed.\\nSixth. The chemist lays down the rule that the percentage of lime in\\nclay loams should not fall below .250 and in heavy clay soils not below .500.\\nThe analysis of the samples from Dakota, shows nearly double the last\\namount in all three instances, and in the case of sample No. 3 it ranks first\\non the entire list as regards the percentage of lime.\\nSeventh. It will be observed that the percentage of potash varies only\\nslightly in the Dakota samples and is ample for all time- to come. The\\nchemist remarks that a soil containing .125 per cent, should furnish potash\\nfor a century, and that high per cent, of potash makes up for a low per-\\ncentage of lime. The Dakota samples show a percentage of potash of\\n.720-, .725-. and .745. respectively.\\nEighth. The analysis shows that the amount of nitrogen in the Dakota\\nsoil is very large, and agrees closely in the three samples and that it\\nis rich enough in this necessary soil constituent for the continued raising\\nof abundant crops. Two of the samples of prairie soils rank in this re-\\nspect, third on the list analyzed.\\nNinth. The prairie soils contain a percentage of humus, or organic\\nmatter, greater than twenty-live out of the thirty samples analyzed. The\\nsmallest percentage of humus obtained from an analysis of the three\\nsamples w r as, 6.171 and the greatest 10.175, whilst the famous black soil of\\nthe Ural mountains in Russia, contains but five to twelve per cent. In\\nthe most fertile of soils of this country, vegetable humus occurs only in\\nsmall quantities. It is hygroscopic, i. e. greatly increases the water hold-", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ning^ power of soils arid enables them to withstand prolonged drought, be-\\nsides furnishing^ valuable food supply for the growing plants.\\nTo sum. up, we rind that the Territory is covered with a rich dark drift\\nor alluvial loam, from, one to four feet deep, underlayed with a clay sub-\\nsoil having the: properties of holding moisture to a wonderful degree,\\nwhich is given out as needed by the growing crops; that it contains an in-\\nexhaustible supply of the most important soil constituents, as soluble\\nsilica, lime, potash, soda, phosphoric acid, nitrogen and vegetable humus,\\nand will produce for a life time abundant crops under favorable climatic\\nconditions, and that the soil of Dakota varies but little in the different\\nlocalities. It would seem that it contains the proper percentage of plant\\nconstituents to give it the peculiar chemical composition requisite for\\nproducing cereals the richest in albuminoids and the life sustaining pro-\\nperties, for, by Government analysis, it has also been determined that Da-\\nkota wheat and corn take the first rank as regards the percentage of\\nalbuminoids and nitrogen of any grown in the United States.\\nIt would further appear that Dakota soil is a mixture of sand and clay\\nin the proper proportions to bring about the ready absorption of the\\nrainfall, and to cause-the soil to be easily pulverized. The clay subsoil,\\nalso of the drift formation, is of inexhaustible depth and quite as fertile\\nas the top soil Through the effect of deep winter freezing and the rising\\nof the moisture in the spring, the rich natural fertilizers of the subsoil are\\nconstantly being mixed with the top-soil, replacing those taken by the\\ncrops and thus assuring the farmers of Dakota in the possession of a soil,\\nwhich is as nearly inexhaustible as any on the face of the globe. The\\nfertility of the sub-soil has been practically demonstrated by growing on\\nit alone, the most luxuriant vegetable growth.\\nIn addition to the Government analysis referred to, a section of Dakota,\\nsoil was some time ago subjected to a chemical analysis by Dr. A. P.\\nATtken, of Edinburgh, Scotland, anabyst to the Grain Exchange of that\\ncity, who pronounced it the most interesting soil he had ever investigated.\\nHe! particularly dwells upon the texture being such, as to permit of the\\nrapid using of moisture from beneath, and declares that he demonstrated\\nit by experiment, to be capable of raising water eighteen inches one day,\\nthus showing as he says, its suitability to withstand drought. With\\nregard to. its fertility, he continues, the amount of salts, soluble in\\nwater 4 is naturally greatest in the upper layer of the section submitted to\\nhim, but that the very slight diminution in the quantity of soluble salts\\nin the lowest layer from that contained in the middle layer, indicates that\\neven at great depth the soil may be comparitively well supplied with salts,\\nsoluble in wafer, and immedietely available for the use of crops. And\\nalso, as an Important feature of the soil, the proportion of phosphoric\\nacid, potash and lime actually increases with the depth, so that, as the\\nsuperficial layer becomes exhausted, its fertaility will be replenished by\\nstores of nourishment from beneath. The editor of the United Slates Med-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 41\\nical Investigator of Chicago, himself a scientist wJio has given jn.ncli.time\\nand thought to the study of the soils, writes as follows .of. Dakota:\\nThe lands east of the Mississippi have had their saline ingredients\\nwashed ont and carried away to the ocean or under ground, jand. are now\\nbeing tapped at Saginaw and other salt works. Dakota.retains her valua-\\nble saline soil ingredients, chiefly, I judge, on account of the deep loam,\\nnumerous irregular strata of clay, and the level character Df the surface.\\nSome of it is undoubtedly being carried off by the many rivers, and more\\nwill be when cultivation becomes general. There is a current theory\\nthat the saline ingredients are chiefly due to the periodical prairie fires\\nthat have swept over the land, depositing an ash which, being absorbed,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2gives to the water its brackish character. That is true to a certain extent,\\nyet I am of the opinion that the fires, like the washings of the water, les-\\nsen rather than increase the amount of these peculiar soda soil ingredi-\\nents. The saline character is rather duej as we have intimated, to the\\nsediment deposited from decomposed inorganic material in the ages lang\\nsyne.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The soil is evidently a glacial drift deposit, and. like portions of Switzer-\\nland, is filled with vegetable matter many feet deep. There are no dis-\\ntinct layers of either clay, sand or gravel. What the rock deposit beneath\\nis, will be interesting to find out.\\nThe soil will prove inexhaustible, and when the surface is unproductive\\ndeep sub-soil plowing will rejuvenate it by bringing to the surface valua-\\nble saline soil. The rolling land will therefore prove as valuable as the\\nlower levels, while the low swales can be rendered productive by drain-\\ning or boring for several feet down The fact thatpockets df sand, gravel,\\nclay and alluvial deposit are mixed, and that stumps of trees are found\\nthirty feet below the surface, shows that the soil is something wonderful.\\nIt will interest students of geology, and those interested in continent\\nformation, to visit this wonderful country.\\nWhen we come to study the soil water of Dakota; we shall see that this\\nsoil composition is undoubtedly very favorable to absorption and reten-\\ntion of moisture. Sulphuric acid, it is well known to alchemists, absorbs\\nmoisture rapidly from the air. An open vial partially filled with sul-\\nphuric acid will soon absorb enough water from the air to overflow the\\nvial. Salt also absorbs moisture from the air. With these facts before\\nhim, the agricultural chemist would not be surprised that the soil, rich in\\nthe sulphates and containing salts,would absorb and retain such moisture.\\nThe fact that many of the lakes are in the higher regions would seem to\\nindicate that the moisture is largely absorbed from the atmosphere.\\nSoils which attract aerial moisture are found to contain sand, finely di-\\nvided clay, carbonate of lime, and organic matter, all so lightly bound to-\\ngether as to permit of the perfect access of air to a considerable depth.\\n(Griffith s Chemistry of the Four Seasons.) Another thing which may", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\npartially account for the moisture is the clouds hang low over a treeless,\\nlevel country, which greatly favors precipitation.\\nX XX X X\\nThe lightness and porosity of the freshly upturned soil ofDakotaisa\\nmarvel to one who would expect sogginess from the luxuriant growth of\\ngrass. This lightness suggests sand and shallowness, but we see that it is\\na salient feature of rich land. Nature has pursued a conservative course\\ntoward Dakota, enabling her to hoard her wealth, and her citizens\\nshould bear this ever in mind, so as to increase the treasury of this won-\\nderful country. It will be years yet before this land will need enriching.\\nThere is no region that I know of with so generally rich a soil.\\nThe adaptability of the soil to readily absorb moisture is observed when\\none considers the splendid condition of our prairie roads, which are al-\\nways passa ble even after the heaviest of rain storms. They are never\\nmuddy and heavy, as results during the long rainy season of the Eastern\\nstates.\\nNearly the entire surface of the Territory consists of arable lands, with\\nan easily tilled, rich, and productive soil, such as has been described.\\nNo clearing of trees or removing of stumps is necessary. The land lies\\nopen, in broad, fertile expanses awaiting the plow and the work of culti-\\nvation.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 43\\nCLIMATE OF DAKOTA.\\nScarcely anything connected with Dakota is the subject of greater mis-\\nconception than its climate. When one talks of a removal to Minnesota,\\nMichigan, Wisconsin or Iowa, the climate of those prosperous and old\\nsettled states is not thought to offer an insurmountable objection; but the\\nvery moment Dakota is mentioned, whose boundaries are practically within\\nthe same latitudes as the states named,, we are told of long dreaiy win-\\nters, terrible blizzards, and disastrous cyclones. It is difficult to under-\\nstand in what manner the climate of the Territory.came to be so misrepre-\\nsented to our Eastern neighbors; certainly there never existed greater\\nignorance than is sometimes displayed, by the remarks of people and the\\npress of the East, on the weather of Dakota. However. each\u00c2\u00bbyear peo-\\nple are hearing more and more about the Territory; they are consulting\\nthe maps and weather reports, and the truth is gradually becoming\\nknown. They see that Dakota is in the same latitude as many of the\\nmost prosperous and well-to-do states of the Union; that man;, of her\\ntowns are no father north than the villages of Vermont, New Hampshire,\\nnorthern Iowa and New York, and that every one of her cities compares\\nfavorably, in location, with those in the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin\\nand Michigan. Dakota contains millions of acres of land in identically the\\nsame latitude as a portion of the great and nourishing state of Iowa, which\\nstate forms apart of the eastern boundary of the Territory, and millions of\\nacres in a more southern latitude than any within the state of Minnesota.\\nEven if latitude were the only cause to determine the character of climate.\\nDakota is as favorably located as many of the states of the Union.\\nBut scientific investigation lias demonstrated the fact that latitude\\nis not the one factor that regulates the severity of the winter months.\\nA number of cities located in the same latitude have a difference in their\\nmean temperature for January, of from r2\u00c2\u00b0 to 75\u00c2\u00b0 all brought about by\\nthe tempering influences of streams of equatorial warmth, which are dis-\\ntributed through the ocean currents. Great Britain would scarcely be\\nhabitable were it not for her proximity to these warm ocean currents.\\nThe isothermal line (that is an imaginary line passing through points\\nhaving the same mean annual temperature), of.40\u00c2\u00b0-50\u00c2\u00b0 mean annual tem-\\nperature, passes through the wheat countries of Russia, Austria and\\nFrance, and. in the United States, runs westward through Harrisburg,", "height": "4213", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nCleveland and. Chicago, turns northward to St. Paul, and passes westward\\nnorth of the- northern boundary line of Dakota and Montana. The sudden\\ntrend, of the. isothermal line northward following the course of the Mis-\\nsouri river, marks its meeting with the warm Japan currents known as\\nChinook winds/ which, flow from the tropical waters of the Indian\\nocean, along the costs of Asia and Japan, through the Pacific ocean, and\\nare finally distributed over the territories of Washington, Montana, and\\nDakota, sensibly tempering the climate of the entire Northwest.\\nThe atmosphere is dry and devoid of any humidity during the winter\\nmonths, and therefore ft never penetrates and chills as does the damp at-\\nmosphere of the Atlantic states. It is a fact borne out by the assertions\\nof all the residents of the Territory, hailing, as they do, from all sections of\\nthe United States, that the winters of Dakota are no more severe and\\ncause less suffering and inconvenience, than the winters of the New Eng-\\nland or Western states. The thermometer occasionally registers a very\\nlow temperature, and probably this is the cause of so much inexcusable mis-\\nconception in regard to our climate but the reader is assured that a tem-\\nperature of 40\u00c2\u00b0 below zero, an exceptionally cold day of the winter, has\\nno more terrors for a Dakotaian, than has the norther of Texas or the\\ndaily snow storms, of New England for the residents of those localities.\\nThe winters are cold, it is true, but the air is dry, pure and full of in-\\nvigo ration,; and w r ith every respiration one feels that he is drinking from\\nthe mythical spring of perpetual youth. Less snow falls in Dakota during\\nthe winter than in the states east and south of us. As a general rule there\\nis scarcety enough snow to make good sleighing. The railroads of the\\nTerritory are very much less obstructed from snow than in any other lo-\\ncality of the same latitude. Occasionally, Dakota is visited with unusually\\nsevere weather, accompanied by a greater amount of snowfall, as was true\\nduring the winter of 1880-7 but such extreme visitations are the rare oc-\\ncurrences that happen even to the most favored sections of the globe.\\nThe most disagreeable and uncomfortable days of the winter are not those\\nindicated by the lowest temperature, as our Eastern friends would imagine.\\nIt is only when the wind blows strong from the northwest, full of fine par-\\nticles of snow, that the Dakotaian thinks of housing himself because of\\nthe inclemency of the weather. These storms, popularly known as bliz-\\nzards, are quite severe, but fortunately are rare, and are always followed\\nby days brighter and more sunshiny if possible, than those of the stand-\\nard for this season of the year. The records of the National Weather\\nBureau prove the assertion that, in the winter months, Dakota enjoys\\nmore sunny days, (days when persons and teams are comfortable out of\\ndoors), than any of the states of the East.\\nThe autumn is a delfghtful season, and is generally prolonged far into\\nDecember; set cold weather rarely visiting us till after the holidays. The\\nsudden breaking up erf the winters is a very noticeable feature of Dakota\\nweather. There fs none of that intermittent warfare between Boreas and\\nthe sun, resulting in a prolonged visitation of rain and wind, alternate", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 45\\nfreezing and thawing, so common in the Eastern states, and dreaded al-\\nways as the most disagreeable season of the year.\\nThe winter breaks in March, usually, and is followed immediately by\\nthe warm, sunny days of summer. Seeding and farm operations generally\\nbegin in the latter part of March, or early in April, and are seldom inter-\\nrupted by the return of frost or snow: Occasionally, in the southern por-\\ntion of the Territory, seeding is begun as early as February, and the fall\\nplowing continued as late as December. There is little question but that\\nthe cultivation of the soil, the planting of trees, and the improvements of\\ncivilization, have already had a marked effect on the climate of Dakota.\\nSome of the oldest settlers insist that, even within their time, these\\nchanges have been very decided, and that seeding is now begun a month\\nearlier than formerly.\\nThe summer time is characterized by warm days and cool nights. Da-\\nkota has established her claim to many advantages when the question of\\na home is being considered, and none is more universally admitted than\\nher beautiful evenings and cool, pleasant nights. The day may have been\\na little too warm to be comfortable the winds high and stormy, but at\\nnight all is calm and peaceful, and the tired laborer or wear} invalid\\nnever fails of finding rest in the delightful hours of the cool, slumber-\\ngiving night season. In reality the pure, exhilarating, healthful climate\\nof Dakota is one of the enchantments by means of which she holds irre-\\nsistibly within her grasp, those who have enjoyed a residence within her\\nboundaries, be it never so short. The visitor, who has once drunk deep\\ndraughts of this prairie oxygen, is under the charmer s spell, and can\\nnever again content himself to live without the Territory. The story of\\nthe prodigal s return was never more truthfully represented than by those\\nof our people who, having earned a competency, attempt to become\\nreconciled to the old home in the East. The effort invariably ends in\\nmiserable failure and a return to the delightful climate of Dakota. This\\nfact alone ought to be a sufficient argument to remove any doubts the\\nreader may entertain in regard to our weather.\\nOf cyclones and like disastrous storms, the people of Dakota have no\\nfear. The investigations of the United States Signal Service declare us to\\nbe without the cyclone belt. Each year s record tells of death -dealing\\ncyclones, of terrible floods, of forest tires, of drought and of earthquakes\\nin neighboring states, and yet no one thinks of maligning those sections\\nof the Union by oft repeated exaggerations of their misfortunes. But\\nlet Dakota be visited by the least of these disasters and there would fol-\\nlow such an outpouring of misrepresentation, topped with glaring head-\\nlines, as would move the very world for sympathy. When the truth in\\nregard to Dakota s climate shall become widely known, she will need no\\nlouder songs sung in her praise than will then be uttered by her present\\nignorant detractors. Intelligently investigated and understood, the\\nhealthfullness of the climate offers the strongest and weightiest of all in-\\nducements for settlement in our midst.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLES OF WEATHER REPORTS.\\nThrough the kind co-operation of the Chief Signal Officer, United States\\nArmy, nine stations of the United States Signal Service furnish each month\\nto the Commissioner of Immigration, Dakota, a summary of their observa-\\ntions. These stations are located as follows:\\nLocality. Latitude. Longitude.\\nMissouri Vallev\\nYankton 42 45 97 3\\nHuron 44 21 98 90\\nFort Sully 44 30 101 44\\nExtreme Northwest:\\nMoorhead 46 51 96 50\\nSt. Vincent 41) 00 97 00\\nFortTotten 47 57 98 57\\nBismarck 46 48 103 5s\\nFortBuford 48 30 100 38\\nNorthern Slope:\\nDeadwood 44 28 103 48\\nIn addition to the data obtained from these regular reports this office\\nhas had the advantage, in preparing the weather statistics published in this\\nvolume, of consulting the most complete and elaborate set of Dakota\\nweather records ever before compiled, covering, as they do, some thirty\\nwidely separated stations in the Territory and extending over a period, in\\nsome instances, of fifteen years. These valuable weather records were\\ntranscribed expressly for this work, under the direction of General Greely,\\nChief Signal Officer, Washington, from the original reports, filed in the\\nWar Department, of the post surgeons, of all the Government posts estab-\\nlished in Dakota since 1872; the reports of the various signal stations main-\\ntained from time to time in the Territory, and the reports of several vol-\\nuntary ol servers.\\nFrom these official and reliable reports the following weather tables\\nhave been prepared with much labor and care.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n47\\nr. to\\nice S\\n1)\\nO\\n00 5 fl\\nCO\\nCO\\nO\\n03 i\\no\\n3\\nC5 p. a oj\\n43\\nS e*2t\\n_;\\nD\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03\\n2\\n13\\na a\\n,o ~r-^a\\n:j\\nC\\nOJO\\nDO r\\nS\\nf D x\\ns\\nCj\u00c2\u00a33\\nMoqiuaidag\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0jsnSriv\\nia.\u00c2\u00a3\\n-i- 1\\n~S^1 1 x V -J: 5 s5 wmF o saw c mcn oo so\\nA !K\\nNto -f oc m so oe i cm o N co o C x t co _ x\\n^oo (M i i\u00c2\u00bb b odtf) o o h o M t^ cc o co h :_,- l-l- x\\ntC N tC IN 1 00\\nt l\\n\u00c2\u00a3\u00c2\u00a7gbfflSi3 b\u00c2\u00aetc\\nI- CN iC X t M 1-\\nX i t- l~\\nlutfV\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2qo.ib K\\nA imwqog\\niOi-Ii- CMtH CC L--M--:\\ntc\\nlC iC CO I O\\nM W X -r X l-\\ni- i-T i-t i.c u\\nS -r 01 00 X\\n_\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 _ x oi -t r x\\n^^t^ -r -j\\ni M\\n-f -t CO -r -r CO\\nI ,7 L- CC CC SO I- X X\\nso ri\\ni- c\\nPI bi\u00c2\u00a7SS \u00c2\u00a7SSS\u00c2\u00ab SSpi eofn weft -i _\\n-_ i- u- x i- X op r-i X _ ..c x SN\\nl \u00e2\u0096\u00a0_ z z. 71 m d\\nx ^1 x 1- l t M x rl L\\n:t -i- 2j 12 Lr !_: x\\ntoco i- oco\\nr- M :t -T 9 t f\\na o\\nA\\nr L\\n2 5 03\\n:i\\nO o5 03 C\\no r\\n-5 i. x i. _", "height": "4217", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFrom the above table it will be seen that January is the coldest month\\nin the year in Dakota, and July the warmest. The weather is six degrees\\nwarmer in February than January and nearly three degrees warmer m\\nDecember than in January or February. The average temperature of\\nof the three winter months in Dakota, covering a long period of years, is\\n11.8\u00c2\u00b0. For the spring months the average temperature is 41.1\u00c2\u00b0 or about\\nthe mean annual temperature of the Territory. In March the weather is\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2nearly 12 degrees warmer than the preceding month, April 18 degrees\\nwarmer than March, and May 14 degrees warmer than April. The average\\ntemperature during the summer time is 69.1\u00c2\u00b0. In June the weather grows\\nwarmer by 9 degrees, and in July the maximum temperature of the season\\nis reached, viz. 71.8\u00c2\u00b0. During August the thermometer begins to fall, and\\nthe average temperature of this month is 2 degrees and a fraction below\\nthat of July. The average temperature during the fall is 3 degrees higher\\nthan during the three months of spring, viz.: 44.1\u00c2\u00b0. In September the\\nthermometer averages 10.8\u00c2\u00b0 lower than in August, October 13.1\u00c2\u00b0 below\\nSeptember, and November 18\u00c2\u00b0 lower than October.\\nThe following table, wherein the average state of the weather in Dakota,\\nbased on observations covering a period of fifteen years, is compared with\\nthe monthly and annual mean temperature of one of the New England\\nand one of the Western states, shows that in no month of the year does\\nthe weather average so cold in Dakota as in either Minnesota or New\\nHampshire\\nm\\nc3\\nd\\nc3\\nc3\\np\\nCO\\nPR\\nft\\n3\\nPi\\nJ-5\\n13\\n1-3\\n+3\\ni)\\nP\\no\\no\\nO\\na\\no\\ns\\no\\n(V\\n5\\n3\\no\\no\\no\\n6\\no\\no\\n6\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nDakota\\n6.8\\n12.9\\n24.2\\n42.5\\n56.7\\n65.8\\n71.8\\n69.6\\n58.8\\n45.7\\n27.7\\n15.6\\n41.5\\nMinnesota\\n3.2\\n6.1\\n10.2\\n8.8\\n20.5\\n9.6\\n38.5\\n20.1\\n52.8\\n34.2\\n63.0\\n44.3\\n66.2\\n46.7\\n65.8\\n47.2\\n56.0\\n42.6\\n44.1\\n30.2\\n25.5\\n17.2\\n11.6\\n11.3\\n38.1\\nNew Hampshire\\n26.5", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n40\\nH 3\\no\\n3(i;ci|\\nce o\\nCy 3\\niOO OH!000!OQO\u00c2\u00abiK 0000 0(Ot\u00c2\u00bbt-\u00c2\u00ab)cOO OMHH^01\u00c2\u00ab) I t\\nM-ir:!OKKMo6\u00c2\u00abcoi xo6d *tDH-t H od 4N oo tooirPM I id\\n-r -r -r -r -r -r -f i-O -rco iO -f -c -f -f -f -r -f -r -f 10 -r -f -^r -r\\n1\\no\\n5\\n0 I-H\\n3\\naj j\\ntf\\n0)\\nP\\n1\\nf_i\\n.d\\npH\\nW\\no3 1\\n1\\nS\\n\u00c2\u00a3j\\nH\\nH\\n60\\nfl\\na\\nD\\nH\\na\\nfc\\na\\nc\\nu\\no\\ne\\nO\\nj\\nn\\nM\\nbe\\nS\\nG\\n3\\nG\\nH\\nbo\\nX!\\ng\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094i\\nO\\nO\\nfa\\nw\\nX\\nj/j\\n03\\nW\\n0)\\npq\\nO\\nH\\nco x i-\\nr -T- t\\no o cm\\nco co u:\\nX X\\nX CN\\nHOOi\\nd ec co\\n[CODiOIOOl\\nd d\\n-r t i -r\\ncc cr\\nco\\ncoco\\nCO\\ncoo\\nOS CM\\ni d\\nIf,\\nx -r x\\nCO r-i CO\\nt^iOCO\\ni ci i-i cn d\\ncoco :cm\\nxd\\nCM X\\ni-jd\\nlO CO\\n-CO\\ne-oic-\\no oii\\n:3\\nX XX\\nLt C\\nO ifi O l\\ni id a d\\nlC X\\nd\\n:o\\nhHOO\\nr-oo\\nt aoeo\\nt oi co\\nm t- 1- o\\n-r ^r -r\\nCC l- to o\\nCM d d X\\nooo o\\ndd p-5\\nCO CN O C rf\\nN OS rH\\ncm cod\\nX ceo\\ng 2\\no\\nCO X CO -o\\nid d so d\\no o co\\nIt.\\n_\\nn jt, jS=,\\nsi\\n0\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n.So\\nGh Eq i=, 22 Et ts. fe fe Et,\\nSS si\\no\\n.o 5^\\n\u00c2\u00a3c1 c\\nti w\\n\u00c2\u00bbw P O\\n3 \u00c2\u00abJ\\ns. O O", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nti\\nH\\ni-l\\npq\\na\\nH\\no\\nE\\nw\\nS\\nw\\nA -S\\n|fi\\nW i CO OS rH OS LOOOOiOOOiOtOiOpHOlCOHWC\\nc \u00c2\u00b0oi ri i~ it ri oi ri 7i i~ rv 71 oi i\\nr^ 71 77 Tt 7! 71 t 71 71 CT :t r\u00e2\u0080\u0094 71 71 t^ 71 7\\nm\\n^C\u00c2\u00bbH\u00c2\u00ab0\u00c2\u00ab\\nx c x\\nH?\\niHpSJSM\u00c2\u00a7\u00c2\u00a7j|SSSS|S\\nlQ\\nX\\n1\\n!i llisp ;g\\nJ.\\noc\\ncc\\no J52c -22iS\\nr; |ss |a |s |ass isaas|8\\nX\\nCO\\n%k -~a-,\\n00\\nM tf ^-r\\nX\\n1\\nT-l\\n.(J -I- r-i.-.- 1 l 0* 30P1tH Hi7 \u00c2\u00ab;/;i T\\nj CO\\nCO\\ni~ i l V~. j JtH :r-:7X j ;,-_::: r--r j j in j j\\nX\\nos cq to tH os ic\\n;;s^ U\\noo o\\nk-\\nsjsli icisrli i\\nX\\n1\\nX\\n7i rv i-\\n1\\nH -:--l r ii\\no\\nC* \u00c2\u00a3j SJcQin\\ni o x o\\n\u00c2\u00b0q6o i :vid i\\nin cn r-( t-h\\n71\\n3*ti\u00c2\u00a3 il 3 i\\nCO\\noc o j l- 7i\\n\u00c2\u00b07i :-7 t to\\np i b\\nX\\no I\\n7i\\nl:\\ns\\nX\\no\\n71\\nCO\\n33\\nn, pq p=, a s\\n1\\nS 5 .X J\\nX\\n+i S jj\\n7^ so\\no 1\\ngo", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n51\\nih x 71 x 71 71 ti i- x i- ec r. x x om?d^ x o\\nr^ r^ Jh r l 71 71 7*1 7171\\nPh\\nH\\nH\\npq\\ns\\nEh\\nW\\nC\\no\\nw\\np\\nc r. n 7 1 sc\\n=i^ri\\nr- M\\n--7 71 x\\n71 71 77 71\\nI- X\\n?1?1\\n71 u-\\nI-\\n_ _\\nS\\ni- c\\nX 71\\n35 X d iC\\nXX\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n7l CJ ci\\n7 1 71 K\\n71 71 X\\nX r 77\\nX I- A.\\nX 77 !C\\ni- -A A A\\n71 71 71 \u00e2\u0080\u0094i 71\\nA x 7 d A\\n^Z Z~-i A A c: _", "height": "4216", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nMean temperature\\nfor the month at\\neach locality\\no\\n-1.0\\n3.8\\n3.9\\n9.3\\n3.6\\n4.5\\n20.9\\n12.1\\n5.5\\n15.9\\n16.7\\n17.8\\n14.8\\n-5.7\\n14.7\\n.r: -t- oc- co oo CM -t cc k cc x o 1 co\\nco d i-5 co co r-5 cm d i-i co co co\\nCO\\nCO\\n1-1\\no\\ni I cm\\ni\\n3\\n1\\nCO\\ni 5\\nCO\\nd 1 CM\\n1 1\\nCC\\n8\\n___\\nCO\\nE2\\nt- H(Nt\\no L\\ni i i\\nco co\\nd i j\\nr-5 co\\n6\\n1.8\\n-10.5\\n4.5\\nzero\\n5.0\\n-2.4\\n-6.9\\n-0.5\\njoin o\u00c2\u00a9\\nN\\ni- uo\\nco J\\nd d\\nd\\nt- i co t- I cm o m co 1 co.\\ncm id -^5 d cm d led\\nCO\\nM\\nCO\\nCM\\nCO\\ns\\n1\\ncm io cm cm co co io OS jrH\\ncm i 5 cm ^j5 d r-5 1-5 co\\nt-h 01 i-i cm\\nco o\\nCOTji\\n1 H\\n-th i co cn Imooiio 1 o j\\nd t-5 cn :i-5codcoli 5\\n:hi rt i\\n:i coLocouooooocn cm\\nI^cicn -t d co cm d\\nSO\\nCO CO\\n-5.8\\n-11.1\\n-0.7\\n7.4\\n0.7\\n9 7\\nzero.\\n:lc jiococTiccioco ;hocoo\u00c2\u00ab\\nd co 5 cm cm d r~ cm d t 5 d d\\nIrH IHrtHCMHH I (N H H CM\\nco-#cc 00\\nededdeo j I\\n#lO M j\\nco cm d 1\\nCM l\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i i-H 1\\nuO 113 CO OJ CO\\nm d -5 r-5 d d\\ni i i i t\\nz o r~ io\\nco cm ao -ch\\nco uc co\\ncm r-5 cm*\\n11 1\\nd\\nO 1 CM\\n1 1\\nIIS\\n1875 1876 1877 1878 .1879 1880\\n1\\ncm :ox^ic\\nr-5 in rH co\\nco cm cm\\n05t rH-#\\ncd d ccici\\ni-i r-t cm\\nX\\n~l\\ncm o oc\\nco oc d r-5 cm\\nt-knth\\nio coai cm\\nd^dco\\nCM i-l 1 i-l\\nxohio\\nd-* cd cd\\nCO\\nMo\\ni|3\\ncn\\n:c\\nco t 1 io\\ni r-5 d\\nr-l M CM\\n3\\nh-tlc\\ni-h cm i\\nCO CO LO CO j\\nCO\\nCM\\n1 uo\\n1 co 1\\nco\\nd\\nio co co cm r-- i-O cm Tt\\nio -cri cm j cm r-5 d m d j j\\nDC\\nj\\nlr i\\no-rd j jt d j\\nt-\\nt t\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 1 i\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ncMr-JT-5 :^j5\\n1 CMtH ;tH\\nm 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 cm -f\\nd cdr-i d\\nd\\nIN i\\ni-t os o cm\\n\u00c2\u00b0\u00c2\u00a9t^ :dd\\nii i y\\nr-: as co co\\nlohh co\\nd otj5 :d\\n1 1:1\\nd\\nI ll-\\n1\\nS\\ni oo\\nHr\\nCO\\no\\n1\\no\\no\\nCO\\nJ\\n1 co\\nd\\n1\\n;d\\n1 II-\\nMl!\\n6\\nh\\no c\\nu c\\nEft\\nS CO CC\\n\u00c2\u00a32\\nE\\no\\n3\\nc\u00c2\u00a3\\nCD\\ng\\ni.\\nk\\nc:\\nc\\n3\\ni\\nIOC\\ni\\na r\\nM 3\\ng a\\n1 J\\n2S\\nfl\\nS 1\\nw\\n^dc\\n5-c\\n^5\\n3\\nEargo (Moorhead)\\nMvan temp. each year for Territory 1\\nby months; and mean monthly V\\ntemp, covering period of years", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\n:c t-. i- x c 1 x -r. .r. to :t:.:nt 3 co iO lo\\nsoiMr.ocr.a oi to o\\nI Ol t-I CO c to C 51\\nCI I\\n32 -N 32\\nOlM 0)1\\n\u00c2\u00a7E\\ntoo-*\\nCO id id\\nOKfrt L--\\nD O H H n X O\\nCC-fH\u00c2\u00bbC.C0OO\\nid o to i -j- d i m\\nto CO\\n^dd\\nl-HCN\\nL^ tO\\n\u00c2\u00b0CNCC\\nOy-J,\\nOS T-i -ti m oo t\\nX d r-i 00 t\u00c2\u00a3 -p\\n1 I I I I T 1\\nI 00 O H\\ni S3 d -r I\\noo a ic oo\\n3 \u00c2\u00a33^\\nCNOO-^OO\\ncd d id\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0O 51 i\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\noi oi co\\nCO to\\ndoi\\nHHlO\\ni~ 51 51\\nCO CO iO 51\\nt-h 51 d CO CO\\n51 51 CO\\nd d i\\nO 53 51 CO\\nd i--i d d\\nOl tH^ O\\nl-i U5 CO d\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ZTT\\nC\\n\u00c2\u00b08*S\\n0=to^?^ 3\\nS 3 S s s =s d .2 o r x\\ncoco to\\nt id o i\\nCOt-51\\nd x\\nm oi co\\ncd d cd\\nt-i jOtOH\\noi ~r d -f\\nt-I cm ci\\nI c\\ndoi\\nm I- to\\noi id d\\niOCO to l\\nid so d d\\n51 t^ CO CM\\nm o oo\\nd co id\\n51 to o 5-\\nd oi d d\\nV5 rH K\\nd\\noi :o oi\\nXXSlTf 5-\\n00 r-H\\n01 1 1 CO 01\\ni-l 51 in:\\noo oi x i\\n00 Ol r- 51\\nd d d oi\\nOl Ol -f 51\\nd d d ci\\nCC CO\\n151\\no\\nd\\nv\\nX\\nM\\nfH\\ni\u00c2\u00ab 0)\\no::\\nS^-K^*^\\nc^tL.-sjtL.SfcGiiE^fcSocui^^aS\\nu-^\\nfcH CD\\nt- O\\nH H oi\\nr S.2:\\ni- 4 i CD\\no g-\u00c2\u00a3 O I", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "51\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nH\\nh\\no\\nH\\nC\\na\\nS\\n|zi\\n\u00c2\u00a3J\\nfs}\\nH\\nD \u00c2\u00abt-i 03\\nt X X\\n3\\n^sgja gs\\n00 ?M\\nC ^r\\nC 1 ,t\\n1 HsHlP^W^l\\n2_\\nx o t ^j y -j q ~i\\n;^r,x,T i-\\n22 2 ^2,2 x\\n,2 :r i x -r 1\\ngj x x -t it ts cc x as :-i:xr\\nx o ^euio^c^r-V ir: i !o6^ i Wd- idd^ 1\\nI C M !2S|2S| id |p5 jgSSg gs\\nX 1\\nx 1 n\\n1 c I22SSS I232S5 ^S\\nx o -J ^J y x .t x -i J d 1 r-5\\nod 7T _ v\\n2: 2: U\\n1 12 ;dSS ;3|^\\nff^Jf\\nI u\\ni\\n1\\ni I s\\n22 ;22~i j ?i j x ?i?! 22 22 JI\\nj j j e5\\ni o i i i\\n2^|1 u\\n1 \u00c2\u00b0~2 SS ,2- =-2 2 sSi 2d:\\nr^ -I 1 i i 1 i i i\u00c2\u00ab\\ng o\\ni IrH\\ni, l\u00c2\u00ab\\nr 1\\nu\\ni l\u00c2\u00ab\\ni i\\noo n\\n1\\ncc 2 J j j i\\n-^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Jz J-yij\\nsts s\\nV\\nc\\ns o\\ng 2\\n2", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAK )TA. oo\\nThe following interesting facts are gathered from the foregoing records:\\nJanuary and February 1875, were the coldest months experienced in the\\nTerritory during a period of fifteen years. The years 1S78 and 1880 were\\nremarkable*for an average temperature in January but a few degrees be-\\nlow the usual weather of the month of March. In 1876 we had the coldest\\nMarch in fifteen years, and 1878 the warmest. December, 1879, was the\\nco-ldest December covering the same period, and 1877 the warmest. In\\n1875 we had the severest weather for November, 1878 the mildest.\\nThe month of October in Dakota is noted for the wonderful evenness of\\nits temperature, there having been a variation since 1872 of but eight de-\\ngrees above and four degrees and a fraction below the average mean for\\nthis month.\\nThe average temperature of the weather in Dakota for the six months\\nbeginning with October of one year and ending with March of the next,\\nfor the fourteen seasons since 1872, has been as follows\\n.25.5\u00c2\u00b0\\n.22.0\\n.15.0\\n.10.5\\n.20.8\\n.32.0\\n.23.9\\n7\\n1880=1 18-0\u00c2\u00b0\\n1881-2 26.8\\n1882-3 21.1\\n1883-4 19.0\\n1884-5 20.6\\n1885-6 24.0\\n1.886-7 1_\\n21.8\\n.9\\n1872-:;\\n1873-4\\n1874-5\\n1875-6\\n1876-7\\n1877-8\\n1878-9\\n1879-80\\nMean average for fifteen years\\nThe winters of 1874-5 and 1886-7 were the coldest, and the winter of\\n1877-8 the mildest during the period covered by these observations.\\nTABLE SHOWING DEPTH OF SNOWFALL IX INCHES, IN DAKOTA,\\nDuring the winter months of 1883-7, as compared with some of the states.\\n(Compiled from the records of the United States Signal Service.)\\nStates\\nDakota.\\nNew Yorl\\nConnecticut\\nMichigan\\nMassachusetts\\nMaine\\nNew Hampshire\\nVermont\\nNotwithstanding the fact that the winter of 1886-7 was one of the coldest\\nin the history of the Territory, and was noted for the unusual number of\\nits snow storms, yet the Government records show that less snow fell in\\nDakota during that season than in many of the states of the East, the snow-\\nfall in some of the states being nearly double that of Dakota.", "height": "4218", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "p6 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nAmid the states of the Union none takes higher rank in wealth and com-\\nmercial importance than New York, Connecticut, Michigan and Massa-\\nchusetts, notwithstanding the occurrence in each, during* the winter\\nmonths, of occasional heavy snow storms. Dakota, with the richest agri-\\ncultural lands in the world, and undeveloped mineral and manufactur-\\ning resources of the greatest magnitude, with a more favorable climate\\nthan these wealthy and prosperous commonwealths, will continue in the\\nline of rapid growth and develornnent, such as has marked the beginning\\nof her history, until she has reached her rightful position of the firstState\\nin importance in the Northwest.\\nUNMELTED SNOW.\\nTable showing depth of unmelted snow on the ground in Dakota at the end of the\\nMonth of March, 1887, as compared with s me of the states.\\n(Compiled from re ordsof the United States Signal Service.)\\nDakota\\nMinnesota\\nIowa\\nWisconsin.\\nInches.\\n1.0\\n2.0\\n3.3\\n3.3\\n|j Michigan j 4.8\\n1 1 Pennsylvania\\nMassachusetts\\nllMaine\\ni Inches.\\njNewYork.......:.! 12~9\\nNew Hampshire! 17.0\\nj Connecticut 26.0\\nVermont I 35.2\\nThe spring season opens early and without that lingering hesitancy\\nwhich causes so much misery and discomfort in other places. In proof of\\nthis one has only to compare the amount of snow remaining on the ground\\nin Dakota at the end of March, after the severe winter of 1886-7, (the second\\ncoldest season in fifteen years), with other localties, as shown by the pre-\\nceding table.\\nCLEAR, FAIR AND CLOUDY DAYS IN DAKOTA.\\nTable showing the number of clear, fair and cloudy days in Dakota during each month\\nof the year 1886, as shown by observations at the U S. Signal Service\\nStations in the Territory.\\nJanuary.\\no\\nFebruary\\nYankton....\\nDeadwood.\\nHuron\\nFt. Sully....\\nBismarck...\\nFt Buford.\\nFt Tottcn..\\n17\\n211\\n141\\nAveragesi j 9|16.5i\\nNo No. j No.\\n15 8,\\n14 8\\n18! 5\\n14\\n1\\n5\\nJ\\n5.51\\nfe a\\nNo. No7\\n12. 4\\n11! 4\\n17\\nM\\n16\\n16\\n14|_\\n7.4114.1]\\n6.5,\\nMarch.\\n2 o\\n8\\nNo\\nNo.\\n10\\n14\\n16\\nApril.\\ni\\nMay.\\nNo.\\n12\\n8\\n11\\nNo.\\n10\\nNo.\\n18\\n15\\n12\\n7.5,18.2 10.3 ilO. 5111.3 1\\nIII I I\\nNo.\\n8\\n12\\nN.\u00c2\u00bb.iNo.\\n22|\\n16 j I\\n20 5\\n181\\n17!\\n181\\n9. 0118. 51\\nJune.\\nNo.\\nNo.\\n12\\n15\\n18\\n10\\n15\\n10\\n12\\n18\\n7\\n20\\n4\\n17\\n10\\n15\\n2\\n9\\n3\\n3/51 [11. 1115.03.9", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nCLEAR, FAIR AND CLOUDY DAYS IN DAKOTA Continued.\\nStations\\nYankton...\\nDeadwood.\\nHuron\\nFt. Sully..\\nBisnmrclc.\\nFt. Buford\\nFt. Totten.\\nJuly.\\ni\\na\\ni\\n1 Q\\n3\\nAugust. ^September.\\no I m\\nNo.\\nNo.\\n12\\n17\\n17\\n9\\n13\\n1ft\\n14\\nIfi\\n24\\n[l 14\\n16\\nO\\nI No\\nOctober.\\nNo\\\\\\nember.!\\n1\\nDecember.\\nj*\\n73 1\\n(_;\\nO\\nm\\nFh\\no3\\nu\\n3\\n3\\nOI\\nc\\nQ\\nN\\nU l\\nI\\n1 o\\nIINo.lN\\nI 10 171 4\\nI 21 10\\n10 18 3\\nAverages 12.5 16.\\n8\\n0|\\n1 115\\nII\\nNo.\\nNo.\\n14\\n10\\n19\\n9\\n10 1\\n15\\nVil\\n17\\n9!\\n18\\n13\\n12\\nNo 1 No.|No.iNohNo.,Ni Nol No. No. No\\nU 18 6 9 13 9\\nt 12 12 6 91 20 2\\n10 12 8| 10| 18 3\\n11! 4\\n14 8\\n11 11\\n10\\n.8 114.5 10.5,6.0,110.5 13.6 5.9;\\n9| 181 4\\n61 18! 7\\n7j 20i 4\\n8.3 17.8 4.9\\ni i\\nNo country in the world can compare with Dakota in the way of clear,\\nbright, sunshiny weather. Three hundred and two days of the year 1886\\n(and during 1886 we had more disagreeable weather than for many years\\nprevious)? were classed by the observers as either fair or clear, leaving but\\nsixty-three days, or an average of only five to each month, which could be\\ncalled cloudy or stormy. These were distributed throughout the four\\nseasons as follows: winter, 17 cloudy or stormy days; spring, 22; sum-\\nmer, 8; fall, 16.\\nCOMPARATIVE TABLE.\\nTable showing the number of clear, fair and cloudy days in Dakota during the year\\n1886, in comparison with some of the states.\\n(Compiled from the records of the U. S. Signal Office.)\\nTotal.\\nNo.\\nDakota\\nNebraska\\nRhode Island\\nKansas\\nMinnesota\\nIllinois\\nConnecticut\\nWisconsin\\nIowa\\nPennsylvania\\nMassachusetts....\\nIndiana\\nMaine\\nOhio\\nMichigan\\nNew York\\nNew Hampshire.\\nCloudy\\nClear\\nFail-\\nDays.\\nDays.\\nDays.\\nNo\\nNo.\\nNo.\\n62.9\\n126.7\\n175.4\\n67.0\\n124.0\\n174.0\\n81.8\\n122.2\\n161 .0\\n88.7\\n185.0\\n146.3\\n97.2\\n106.0\\n161.8\\n102.4\\n115.4\\n147.2\\n108.3\\n118.8\\n148.4\\n109.1\\n96.8\\n159.1\\n118.0\\n93.3\\n153.7\\n118.8\\n106.2\\n140.0\\n128.0\\n108.0\\n134.0\\n128.1\\n94.5\\n142.4\\n129.5\\n92.3\\n148.2\\n180.8\\n90.4\\n143.8\\n135.8\\n83.1\\n146.6\\n153.5\\n76.1\\n185.4\\n163.6\\n79.2\\n122.2\\n505.0", "height": "4210", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nB\\np aT\\n1\\no\\ns s\\nx\\nS\\no\\n0\\nft o s d 3\\np-\\na:\\nOQ\\nO\\nd5\\ns\\no\\n3\\nOJj\\nX\\no\\no\\np\\n3 So\\nx\\nx\\nx\\nf\\nS o\\no K it O M\\nJ .rH OB \u00c2\u00bbi\\nS r- P\\n.2 S 2 x g 9H\\nP o c\\n_ x ft\\nM g\\nD X\\nX gj\\nx\\nft\\nI x I s 3\\nC *ft~ bi\\n~S lii g 3 1\\noS= ft.|il|.l\\nt ft X ft X p, H\\nV\\n05 o\\n.5\\nO\\nA-SP-d\\nt3\\n;_ X\\nci\\no\\no\\no\\nO\\ns\\ns ::-:ss\\na)\\no\\nft\\np\\nOC\\n.~3\\n3\\nrt Si g\\ndate,\\nOct 1878.\\ndate.\\nAny. 1877.\\nCO date.\\no May 1883.\\ndate.\\no date.\\no Aug. 1876.\\nto date.\\nto date.\\ni date.\\ndate.\\ndate.\\n5\\n3\\n+3\\nC\\n2\\nti a? 3 OS /\u00c2\u00bbs\\nr^\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Z fC\\nJ\\noTj \u00c2\u00abj 00 oc So\\n\u00c2\u00abj\\nX ~J X\\n00 3D OC\\nL i x i x Vr x x -X i-\\nX X X X X X X x X X\\ns\\nT_\\nT 23\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094I 1-1\\n1 T-, I _ T\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 _, T l I I\\n43\\nf?,\\nJ\\nr*s\\nJ. i _\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\no\\n~~.-z\\n^5\\nO-s .^i-:-5X\\n--Sl-S -3 -S\\n^^^.^X\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Xlt[H0\\n-o[ qoBa joj\\nuotie;idtDa.id\\n[BtiuuB o\u00c2\u00abapj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2laqtuaoaa\\n-l.O^\\nU V A\\nrx-\\\\\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0JaqtuaAO^j\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0laqoj.iQ\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jcaqui a^dag\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2;sn\u00c2\u00a7ny\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Ainf\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2autif a\\nI a II\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2tl0.i^KJ -f._\\nAi^niqa j| d R f. c\\nI S\\noc\\nt ^t r- x i~ it :t :t I\\n\u00c2\u00a33 0-x :^g igJ^ 1", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 59\\nBeginning with January, in Dakota, the month of the year when tin\\nmoisture is precipitated, there is a slight increase of Snowfall in February,\\nwhich is nearly doubled in quantity by the rain and snowfall of March.\\nIn April the average rainfall is 2.50 inches, or twice the depth of moisture\\nfalling in the preceding month. This is increased 30 per cent, in May, the\\naverage precipitation of the month being 3.20 inches, while in June, at\\njust the time the rainfall is most needed to benefit the growingferops in\\nthis region of late harvests, the maximum precipitation during any single\\nmonth of the year is reached, averaging 3.04 inches. During the last half\\nof the year the amount of moisture precipitated each month lessens in\\nabout the same ratio as it increases during the first half.\\nBy seasons we have the following result: In the winter months the total\\nprecipitation averages 2.2o inches; in the spring, (3.96 inches; in the sum-\\nmer, 9.39 inches, and in the fall 3.77 inches.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "00\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nS\\nJ\\nc\\nQQ\\n1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1\\nH\\nCP\\nPh\\nj\\nft\\nH\\nO\\n1\\nPh\\nO\\nh-i\\n0!\\n3\\nPh\\nPh\\nOS\\nPh\\ntill\\nW\\no\\nH\\nu\\n,3\\nkn\\ni\u00e2\u0080\u0094i\\nC\\nH\\nc\\na\\ntn\\ncc\\no\\nW\\nbo\\nuj\\nfl\\nOJ\\n+s\\nat)\\nH\\nP\\no o\\nf-\\n3/ -M CJ\\n3\\nI DO GO CM SO CS\\nrH CM CO CM CM tH iO CM rH CM\\n^aOMOlOOt-HOO^Oi\\nOOl^iCi-Ot^O\\n(MO)MH N CO CO t\\nItqHHrtWN^MH M\\ns IS\\nio o rf\\n00 CM t r-\\n,-hCOi\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CO\\nCUMHJh\\nIMWriCO\\nco co co o t-\\nCO N -*iO\\nOlOHO\\nOHH CM\\nl-CCL-\\ni-O r-ioD\\n\u00c2\u00a32\\nHIM\\n~P CO\\nO h\\nCM\\nSo\\n00 CO\\nCM CO\\nr- o o o\\n^t co o co\\nrH rH CM OCM\\ni i- co 10 o\\nO r-l o o i-\\noaaocoo\\nai a t- co cm\\npq-a 5\\nC\u00c2\u00a3 CO\\nCO O CO\\nTCJLO-^\\nCM CO CM CM\\nctoan\\niOOWlO\\nCM CM O Ol t*\\nl-r-00^ ^P\\ni ic cm io I co\\nw 5 cd \u00c2\u00a9j?S\\n*5 as m\\n-,5= ^ds^ 5\u00c2\u00ab--5 \u00c2\u00abi.SS ?^9?=s2\u00c2\u00b0\\n^^\u00c2\u00abSg3? oSteg\u00c2\u00absES 2 Qj ci^5SSagS^|^\\njg-o\\nffi n a)\\nIts\\nbc^-r\\nri 2) z.\\nhJ as 2\\nferH *H", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n(il\\nrj f-\\na 3 o\\n05 o cS\\nO lO I- CO \u00c2\u00ab3 t^ lO I O rf r4 M ffl CO lO O LO iO M C j K t\u00c2\u00bb 7J O X Tf\\nCoO-*^Lti(\u00c2\u00bbWOCOO\u00c2\u00abQO *MCCfflMritOCNO\u00c2\u00ab^OtO(Nr-CN\\nElS\\ns\\ni-i i co cm cm cm -r co co co i-i -t -ct cm -t cq co cm cm cm c\\\\ i-h oi co r-t cm\\n1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887\\n3 iiocm: :co: o\\nt- co i\\nlo r cm lo\\nr-5 i r-i c4\\no\\nCO\\noi\\no co rH :co io cm :^t co lo co cm gj cm i-h\\n3 i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 t- o i-o o io to to oo t^ cm co co oj io\\n-1-1 ;HHH i-H O rH CM j r-i o cm cm omhin\\nCM\\no cm cm :o th ioio io oj o o t~ :coHcef\\n3 co oj o cm oi co -rf l- os i i i ih ,coo^\u00c2\u00ab\\ni-i m o h n io o i-i r-i -co r-5 m n r-i lo i-i cm\\nCO\\nCM\\no oj co ^r cm co o :coo :ioo :o o :tcooo oj co m\\n5 o to io rH r- oj uo cm :m^ o co cm co h o. i\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2CM -ciNOrl O CM CO -sfi rH 1-4 -r-i CO O i-i r-i ifflHOH\\nCO\\nCN\\no io io oj co co io r- o o o -1-1050005 cj -0 00 oj\\n3 1- co co 1- lo co co 00 00 1 -loioiot- o\u00c2\u00bb i 00 \u00c2\u00bbo\\nr-1 O CM r-i O O Tji Oi i- T* ;NCMH CO 00 O CO\\nCO\\nCO\\n:ooioor-io :-wo :r~oi o o oj o o -r cm\\n3 :cooc:^oo lo io co r- h o cm co co cm o co\\n1-1 :CNHHBnl CM-* CO CM CO CM j j j CM CM r-i rH j j LO CM U3\\no\\no\\nCO\\nrH\\nCO\\nCO\\no\\nt-\\n00\\n00\\nl\\n00\\nt-\\n00\\nS\\n00\\nIO\\nt\\n00\\nT\\nCO\\nCO\\nc\\n_o\\nCO\\no o i o o cm looco^ia :m^oio oo o\\n3 to :nNOb oj co o cr. o o co ov o oo oo\\n:co :-*cMi-ico :co i- o co -i cm cm cm cm j oj -cm\\nr-1\\nfl\\nm to cm co co :oocch o co oo oo\\nq i o -a .co :rfiCJo.cM .-io^coco :o\\ni-i cm -*i ci -co co o r^ o co cm r-i\\nCO\\nCO\\no i^ co co -rf uoo^o o lo o o lo\\nC CO o i.O O O CO co io LO CO r~ CO CO\\nco co o lo co uo cm ih co tji co co cm\\nOJ\\nOJ\\nCO\\n:o tiooo :co :ococmooo o to i oo 1\\nS -CO ;r-itOCO :oj OO rtHCl OJ O CO CO O\\nr- co oi t- r-i cm cm i cm i cm o co cm rji j\\niro\\no\\nCO\\nco co iioo o co :iomuo r- ^ct* cm i-i o\\nSOCO .rH lO ;cO rH t- rH t\u00c2\u00bbi ;OJ .l 0-cfi\\n-r, CN^i -Tt -co i-cticcni -r-i rji --r\\no co -h o o -co lo o o 10 o i cm co i lo\\nS CM .V j 1-- O O ?l lOI--1- r-i iji CO OJ ;n\\no io Tji -co o cm co ni ih co -r-i cc\\nCO\\nCO\\nCO\\ni\u00e2\u0080\u0094 o o oj o i^~ o- r-i l^- co cm i^ o -rf\\nhHCJ ;^J C0 ;0 ;OOCCO ;iO ;COcOl^ -O O\\nco rH co r-i :^t r-i ow -cm I o cm cm i co -cm\\nCM\\n1 r-j lo oj i\\n3 lo o lo\\ni I I I vo ei\\niO\\nCO\\nco i- co\\no\\ncm 1 co co\\no\\nd j j I 1 1\\n2\u00c2\u00b0 1\\noq\\noo\\nFt. Abercrombie\\nFt. A Lincoln\\nAlexandria\\nFt. Bennett\\nBismarck\\nFt Buford\\nFirestoel\\nFt. Hale\\nHuron\\nFt. Meade\\nOlivet\\nFt. Randall\\nFt. Rice\\nRichardton\\nFt. Sisseton\\nFt. Sullv\\no\\nS -S a\\nI\\ni\\na-\\nS\u00c2\u00a3\\ni s\\n-1 CC\\n3 P\\n3.o\\n3\\nC\\nIS\\nsi", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\n.5 \u00e2\u0096\u00a0c 5\\n5 d\\nJIB\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S52w:22SS N \u00c2\u00ab-3SS52 2^^\u00c2\u00ab r S3c\\niSS22^\\n*s\\nX\\n30\\n9\\nII MI2 IS [2\\nJgijg L t\\nX\\n|2 :^ri5^ j p 122 IS 12 IS 2 2 iSSSS\\nX\\nX\\n-m i- i r~ so i- a i a S oo M I^ohn h\\n71\\nS :::x;/ J xS t i x 2 co 7i ;c -t cc io ^f\\nsiw^MHiC r: :r -i x -r CN iC\\n-r\\nX\\nj X)\\nX\\nX;\\nX\\nS i f!i S5 5 S\\na S l s z s\\ni I-2J2 l^ssl us isasss I jisss j M2| ||a\\nCO\\ns jg j |sg |5 ||S 1 ISSSs |3 MsS 1 j Is\\nX\\n-11 tt I Ttt -::i |2\\nCO\\nC cr- o i ri ic 5% -rn i; I fi Jt f i f i ?5\\nti us co to n o n o-i ti-; ei I ri\\n3\\ns\\n1\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a02 2 S\\nIO\\nrt w so --r\\n10\\nCO\\nsMIMMMjMN\\ni i n i\\nCM\\nj j O-\\na f i^ 1 j\\nc \u00c2\u00abs J J\\nd c i\\n15\\nH pH \u00c2\u00a3t, H fe fi\\nJ o\\n-t- 1\\nt\u00c2\u00a3\\nci O\\n3-d\\n05\\nif\\nS\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba,0)\\nI!\\n52\\niD\\n3\\ni\\nX", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n63\\nHCCIMM r-i i\\n1\\n00\\n1 jOiOO j\\nco\\nOJ\\n:f5\\nS3\\nN\\nCO\\nI -r I C j\\n1 1 1^\\ni co -t\\nA\\nCO\\no i- I\\noo o o m -r\\ni-\\no\\ns\\nt -r i\\noo oo cn t- i -r ci\\nCO cc --c -r-\\n00\\nr-i ;h6\u00c2\u00ab\\nH\\nco co 3 c\\n1 ON CN r-l\\nrHOCNL 5\\noi\\ni (M i- ir\\nCN\\nci o oo\\n~fi ca ic t^- 1^ o j\\n\u00c2\u00bbc\\nOC\\ncc it -r co -r\\n3\\nr- oo\\nr t- co co c. cc co\\ns\\nCO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ei ii-5eieor-\\ni\\nr-i co co\\nco on d on r-i o4 co cc\\nCi N1 -i\\no cn\\nd oi r- irr\\n\\\\\\\\C co p cj\\ncc\\ns\\n9\\nx t cc x it\\nr-i\\ni co ifl _\\nCI\\nCO\\n1-1\\n:o(NO! on cn\\nON O\\noo c:\\ni X -CO -rH\\ncn co t^\\nCO\\nX\\nd\\nO M^K x\\n00 71\\n00 ct r- X\\ncn oc\\ncc cc r. it\\ns\\nON CO T-i H t-i r-5\\nCO ifl\\nCN d\\nH T\\noi cc -r oi\\nCN\\nCO\\nio-ooJHLOTH\\nx x\\n(ft o o o\\ncn -rt M co\\nr-,0 COCN 1 CO\\n3\\nto i on co cn oc\\nCV X\\no co as to ;o\\nco t\u00e2\u0080\u0094 o\\n;?i- CC. 1 -_-.\\n00\\noo on on\\nr i ic\\nco t\u00c2\u00ab o-i t-^ r-i\\n1 I -rji CN r-i\\n00 r-i ON -r^ CO\\nio oo(M co\\nm on oc m\\nX X\\no o o o .t\\nto r-i co o\\nt^ oi\\n80 1881\\nCN lC\\nl-t -r cc co\\n00 O 00 rr\\n1 x\\n:,_; :^^^_ i\\nCN\\nrA CN rH O r-i\\n01 iC l rH O\\nr-i rH\\nto i on i- t-h\\n(M\\niwooioc\\ncr oo co -r\\no i\\n1 -f\\n05 o th in\\ncc\\nto x co i r-\\no oc St\\ncc\\nit\\nGO\\nrH\\no oi -t r-i\\nc\\nr-i H CN -sji 00\\nco c -i oi\\ncc j j\\noi\\nit I- CO CN\\ni-\\n:\u00c2\u00bbomh i\\noo in re\\ni -r i\\n1 1^\\nto cn o cc\\nlt\\nIbOXC-T\\ncc c: r-\\nl o\\ncc\\ncc\\nCO\\ni\\nc id t^ co n\\nC0 -X ON\\ni 1 j\\nCO\\nI- I- tO\\no coi irjcc\\n:or^icci\\nin\\nS\\nit rH O\\nco o\\\\ cn -o x n\\nlo x\\ni\\ns\\nj\u00c2\u00ae i 7\\nCO O lii t\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CN\\nI co d i cn\\ni-\\nic -r NO i\\n-r cc co t- co\\nO OCI rr CO\\noi\\nr-\\ni-i\\n-r -r io oo\\ni^\\nrrl to r-l\\ncc\\nCC\\nCC\\n1\\n*r oi cn d\\nCN r-i CO r-i -f CO\\nd\u00c2\u00abid\\n1 H i\\noi\\nco cn io os\\nCN\\nM\\no\\nl\\nr-i -r 5 ic\\n-t r. u-r i~-\\nx rl cc\\n_~r\\ni^\\ns\\ni-id v-i d \u00c2\u00abc\\nt-i lc x d\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0CN\\ndr-ioi\\ncn Lt\\noi\\n1\\no-n- -h co c\\nCO CT. 1- T o\\nx\\ni^\\n:io ihcn\\nto ice\\nC;\\nt~ u;\\nx\\nrr lQ CO\\ni lo\\ncc\\nOC\\nd r-i r-i o\\nr-i o d\\nd\\nCN\\noi it\\n__\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\n-r\\nci\\nr-\\nr2\\nco -r i 1 co\\ni\\non -on\\n-r i- oi\\nCfi\\nr cc 1 i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i\\nCO\\nrio c\\nr-i cn d\\ncc cr\\nr- Ct j r-\\nco\\n_\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\n1 1\\ni^\\nCC\\nx\\n:g I 1 3\\nCO\\nI 1-1\\n1-1\\nI th 1\\nCN\\nx\\nl co\\n-rji\\ne\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0sp\\nCO\\n_IL_\\n-o^\\ni.erc\\n+i d\\ni :-s\\ni\\ncc p\\ncc\\nX\\no\\nd\\nS\\ncp\\no\\noi t\\nojo\\nUS\\nCO\\n2\\nS-=! 1\\no o +i\\n^Ti C\\nceo\\nJ8Q C\\n5\\n3\\n:rC3 w-a\\nifi r Sfl.S\\n,_; c o o _\\n_| S- Cv ^alJ-,\\na- w 3 iS S 6 S\\nhh a) (i Oi\\nfe^ SSr^fi\\nHr^PSl-^ HSOrUflHfe\\n\u00c2\u00a3S\\nKj\\nH fq ft, f fn pH f^ S", "height": "4219", "width": "2488", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMean rainfall\\nfor month for\\neach locality.\\nin\\n.2.18\\n2.14\\n3.20\\n2.21\\n2.60\\n1 62\\nO3OJOIr-^O)i#0^-^CM\u00c2\u00a9C0CC\\nCO CO --rf CO t-H i.O t-\\noioioJcocMT-icocooico^ico^-\\n2.37\\n2.91\\n2.13\\n2.87\\n3.87\\n4.12\\n2.58\\n3.05\\nt-CN\\nCO^\\noi\\nIo\\n3\\n:mh(n co o\u00c2\u00ab *o lie w\\nco cm eo l-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2THcoco:::::::rH:i:::;coc i;::-*:T--i|i x i\\nCO\\n1\\n5\\n1\\nOC\\ni CO\\ni\\no c t- tj i :oi ic o o :co ioohn\\n3 ;^cooo io oi c i it oi :w*cm m\\nrt r-5 ;hoh |io T-i :o^r r-n rH j r-i rH CM lO SO\\n2 1\\nio i ?i a m oj r- o :ont- t-i o r- 1 r-- i\\na io oc to c cs co oj oi th oo p- io oo o n j\\n1-1 j jq jir; ,_;,_; oi I co so r4 \\\\a cn oj t-i co t-i i-i th o4\\nco t! o\\n2 t-i :m\u00c2\u00abj\\no co t-i\\nN oo oo co\\nfl CM 00 CO O\\n1-1 l-S CO r-i r-i\\ni :so as :io :oioi :hhoi 1 in I\\nt-i co so t- :-t\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9i-i co\\nco T-i 01 01 co J co oi co\\noi oo t- oo o co oi oo io\\nCO .GC1 r- CO -CC\u00c2\u00a9 -oi 100 00 JH\\n^4 oi i-i oi _\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 oi -i oi oo yh i- cm co\\n5!\\n=5\\n3 O\\nrt -oi\\nhinool- -o-i^ch :tt\u00c2\u00a9tt -^t-i\u00c2\u00a9t-i M^t r-o\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0O CO CO Tj -TfOHHin CM Csl CO\\no4 t-i .\u00c2\u00a9t-i ococo\u00c2\u00a9co -co\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9 :\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9cm\\nl\\nCM i\\nlO\\nCO\\noi\\nCO\\n00\\n:-tico\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9 :oo^h :i \u00c2\u00a9lo\u00c2\u00a9io :\u00c2\u00a9cm\u00c2\u00a9tf :t^\\nCM r-lLO l CO lC iC X CO HLO Oi \\\\lr~ 00\\noioii-H\u00c2\u00a9 oico oococMT-i -T-cocJoi ir-i \u00c2\u00abo\\n00\\n00\\nrt\\n-co cn co 1 \u00e2\u0096\u00a0hoN tJO co\\na .-x) -co co co a ao co cc co .c^aicNoo\\n1-1 lo mm io co it. io co ia t-i oo co\\n1875 1876 1877 1878 1879\\noo oo .^f 1 cm t-i co\\na oo Crr* io ^p t- i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 o co\\njo j :cioH j n t-h oi r-i j r-i oi co rH\\n2\\nc o t-h I vt. o th t-h o o o i 1 j\\nS CO 1 -f O n I TK l 00 t -jt-\\nC ;NHffi j r-i j r-i r-i CO O CO -ti! J tH\\nlO r-l T-I -CO r-* -tF IcO\\nCCOCM CO\u00c2\u00a9 -(NCClCMuO \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Ti -\u00c2\u00a900\u00c2\u00a9 r-t\\n\u00c2\u00a9i-l -O\u00c2\u00a9 T-HcN\u00c2\u00a9CNC i i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 H -T-I 1 H i\\nlO CO *C 11\\nS CO lO\\ni-i Tji j\u00c2\u00a9CO\\n(N CO uC\\nfl t-i M -CO\\nNn cm cc\\niC CO t- Ol Tj* 00 Tj\\n.CO tf\u00c2\u00a9-H -CO CO T\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 -^r -00 t-4\\nO) -\u00c2\u00a9Tj T-1 -iftTtHOO, Tf (O\\n05 Oi -LOw^i lO\\nOI n r\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CO \u00c2\u00a3M rH\\nCO OI LCi T-I -CO CO CO\\ni\\nCO\\nCO\\ng\\nCO\\nl\\n00\\nCO CO -CM CO tJ LO 1 t-\\nS CO CM CN l\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i-l LO CO -CO\\nn -CM 1 CO t-I OI -CO -CO T( (N\\ns\\noo\\nCO\\noi\\ni i\\noo\\noi\\n00\\nt- 1\\noi i\\nCN\\nCO\\ns\\na\\nco\\nrH\\nCO i\\n1\\nCD\\np\\nXT\\nj j\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Dm j;\\na co\\ni\\nbe\\nS s\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0sic-5 c oc^i\\nci n p\\no\\noj CD C\\n1 1^\\nA o\\n9s\\ni\\nSec\\nCOCOCC,}-\\n|i\\n:1\\no\\no\\nGO S)\\nIo\\nOJO\\nr_\\n3-d\\ni CD\\na\\na\\n3^ 1\\n5S", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "KESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n2 o o\\nto\\n(NOOCOiOHOI\\nOHrtrlOl\\nCO lO CO Tjt\\nICNOCMCai-icSTHr-irHrHrHOr-ieNi\\n1 Oi t O\\nI CO CM O r-t\\no ooo\\ncd co in Oi\\noooo\\no\\n^2\\nDO\\n1 OCO\\noh 6\\nO-HlO\\nr- CO\\no\u00c2\u00a9\\nt-co\\ndin\\n53^ 2\\nr-l CO\\n:doi\\noioo\\nLC 1^ (N\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2oho\\nO r-c i-l tH\u00c2\u00a9\\nI-^T-IO\\nit-H(N d\\nr-H id d\\nt co t-\\n:i iho\\nt-i d co\\nOlCOrli\\niHoidd-\\nCO 00 O CO\\nooic*\\nCO i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CN OJ\\nCCOr-lCO\\neoddd\\nlO 00 CN\\ndd N\\nnfll\\nOH\\nMOTfO I\\nCN COCMCN\\nco-* \u00c2\u00a9cm\\n00 00-^05\\nt-o oin\\ncoco doi\\nCOOOOCM\\nd dd T-i\\n*1\\nIcO\\ni -d S\\n(3)\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0II\\n3 r\\nG .\u00c2\u00ab8 J3 s3\\n6SS\\nS H\\nw\u00c2\u00ab5", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFrom the above table we find that the total rainfall in Dakota for the five\\nmonths beginning with April and ending with August, for sixteen years\\nfrom and including 1872, has been as follows:\\n1872.\\n1873.\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n1876.\\n1877.\\n.14.69 inches.\\n.13.20\\n.12.63\\n.13.89\\n.13.27\\n.14.74\\n1878 17.72\\n1879 15.85\\n1880 16.21 inches.\\n1881 13.78\\n1882 15.47\\n1883 14.21\\n1884 15.97\\n1885 15.90\\n1886 12.57\\n1887 15.01\\nIt is instructive to note the gradual but certain increase in the quantity\\nof rainfall throughout the Territory the undoubted result of the tilling of\\nthe soil, the planting of trees, the building of railroads, and other changes\\nbrought about by the settlement of the country. The average rainfall\\nduring the growing season in Dakota (April to August inclusive), for sixteen\\nyears, from 1872 to 1887, has been 14.70 inches. The rainfall covering this\\nperiod of each year for the first five years from 1871 in every instance fell\\nbelow the average of 14.70 inches, and for the eleven seasons since 1876\\nthe date when active settlement of the Territory really began the quan-\\ntity of rainfall has constantly exceeded this average, with but three ex-\\nceptions.\\nDividing this record of six months rainfall into periods of eight years,\\nwe have the following result\\nThe rainfall (five months of the year) from 1872 to 1879, inclusive, aver-\\naged 14.50 inches.\\nThe rainfall (five months of the year) from 1880 to 1887, inclusive, aver-\\naged 14.89 inches.\\nThe quantity of rainfall during the last eight years of the period ex-\\nceeded that of the first half by a yearly average of 0.39 of an inch.\\nA study of the records of Dakota s weather verifies the assertion made\\nby scientists that the breaking up of the prairies, the growing of forests\\nand the settlement of a country not only modify its climate, but lead to\\na certain and constant increase in the annual rainfall.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 67\\nHEALTHFULNESS OF THE CLIMATE.\\nDakota s climate, although the thermometer during tiie winter months\\nsometimes registers considerable coldness, is dry, pure, healthful and in-\\nvigorating, and possesses all the good qualities of the climate of Colorado,\\nwithout the light, highly raritied air of a mountainous altitude, which is\\nso dangerous to those who have long suffered from lung troubles. The\\nclimate, the year around, is especially favorable to pulmonary, bronchial\\nand malarial diseases, and is a builder-up of physical and mental strength\\nand not a detractor from it. as is true of the wet, damp and changeable\\nweather of other localities, and the poisoned atmosphere of all densely\\npopulated cities. The invalid, harassed by the murky, heavy atmosphere\\nof the East and sallow from the effects of his daily potations of quinine,\\nexperiences an immediate relief with the first deep, long breath of this\\nprairie oxygen. Many settlers who came to Dakota as confirmed invalids\\nnow rejoice in the possession of renewed health, as well as in the owner-\\nship of comfortable homes amid pleasant surroundings.\\nThe number of deaths in the Territory during the census year of 1885,\\nwas 2,511, or 6.01 to every 1,000 inhabitants, or 1 in every 166 of the popula-\\ntion.\\nThe following table of the death rate of different localities, compiled\\nfrom the United States census report of 1880, is certainly a pretty strong\\nargument in favor of Dakota as a health resort:\\nTABLE OF MORTALITY STATISTICS.\\n...lin 86\\nNorway\\nDenmark\\nSweden\\nGreat Britain\\nSwitzerland\\nHolland\\n1 in 56\\n....lin 84\\n1 in 46\\n...1 in 82\\nlin 50\\n...lin 67\\n1 in 46\\n....lin 64\\nlin 41\\nAll of the United States..\\n...lin 66\\nlin 37\\nDakota, (Census of 1885) 1 in 166\\nThe death rate of Sioux Falls last year, which might be taken as a fair\\nsample of other Dakota cities, was 4| to each 1,000 inhabitants; while the\\naverage death rate of the leading cities of the country in 1880, according\\nto the census, was 20 to each 1,000.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nA well known scientific authority, Dr. T. C. Duncan, of Chicago, who\\nvisited Dakota for the purpose of making a thorough study of the climate,\\nsoil, water, etc., has embodied his views in pamphlet form, and among\\nother things says:\\nEvery country, territory and town has a medical side, and none is\\nmore interesting than Dakota. The location, soil, ingredients, water pe-\\nculiarities and rare atmosphere, no doubt, account to a certain extent for its\\ninvigorating climate. Besides being rich in agricultural promise, it is des-\\ntined to be a health resort.\\nThe effects of the water upon the health brings me to look at the medi-\\ncal side of the water question:\\nThe person who drinks the well water of Dakota should not be troubled\\nwith biliousness, at least not until the soda is replaced by potash, which\\nmay take place after long cultivation.\\nThose who drink water from the Dakota river should not complain of\\nkidney trouble.\\nThe action of magnesia on the bowels is well known. None need buy\\npurgative pills when alkaline water can be drank freely. The sick\\nmay take it with decided beneficial results. There are some noted min-\\neral waters, (i. e. Seidlitz in Germany, Epsom in England, etc.,) in which\\nsulphate Of magnesia, (Epsom salt,) is the leading ingredient. Sulphate\\nof soda, (Glauber s salt,) is a great remedy with many people in this coun-\\ntry and Germany. It relieves plethora and constipation. The fat people\\nshould visit Dakota and drink bitter well water. Many would, however,\\nprefer the water sent to them. It is the anti-fat. The action of the river\\nwater upon the digestive organs will be beneficial. There is nothing in\\nthese waters that is deleterious to the health, unless used to excess.\\nNewcomers should use the alkaline water sparingly, or diarrhcea,\\nloss of appetite, headache and general malaise will follow. People who\\nuse the river water will eat well and sleep well.\\nIt is natural for people to look at every country from the standpoint\\nmost familiar to the individual, consequently the healthfulness of Dakota\\nwas uppermost in my mind as the train rushed on through the wonderful\\ncountry, rich in ozone and health giving air.\\nAs we passed town after town, I could not help noticing the sanitary\\nsurroundings to see whether any settler had violated the health maxim:\\nLocate dwellings to the windward of standing water. Many an early\\nsettler s family has suffered years of ill health from a violation of this\\nsimple rule.\\nThe flats along the east bank of the Mississippi have always been noto-\\nriously unhealthy. The explanation is easy. Stagnant water generates\\ngases that are unhealthy. Malarial emanations can arise from the large\\nupland ponds that we pass in Dakota, but they can all be easily drained if\\nnecessary, so that if any case of chills and fever occurs in Dakota the people\\nthemselves will be to blame for it. I have not heard of a case as yet.\\nI could never quite comprehend why the Northwest competed with", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 69\\nCalifornia as a health resort, particularly for consumptives, but I now un-\\nderstand it. In several points they are similar, with the exception that\\nthe heavy fogs of the California coast are not found here.\\nFirst. The nights of both are cool, ensuring sound, invigorating sleep.\\nSo marked is this that I shall recommend some of my wakeful, brain- weary\\npatients, business men of Chicago to visit Dakota.\\nSecond. Both have a breeze springing up about ten o clock in the fore-\\nnoon and subsiding toward night. The only difference is that the Dakota\\nbreeze is dry air, while the California one is moist, which toward evening\\nbecomes chilly a very disagreeable feature for the feeble.\\nThird. Both have dust with the wind, but this, although disagreeable,\\nis not a marked objection to the medical man who recognizes the curative\\npower of the dry earth treatment. Let children play in the dirt and\\nthey will be healthy, is an old adage. Here the dirt plays with the\\nchildren, consequently they ought to be healthy. The children here are\\nmodels of health. This is the land for vigorous, healthy children.\\nDakota may yet be as famous for seekers after health as it now is for\\nagricultural interest. I would advise those who would be benefited by a\\nchange of climate to visit Dakota.\\nBefore we study the peculiarities of Dakota from a health point of view\\nwe will notice the essential requirements of a health resort. It must en-\\nsure first, diversion of mind; second, deep respiration, and third, good\\ndigestion.\\nFirst. Diversion of mind stands at the front of all the requirements. To\\none familiar with low land, a visit to the mountains of Colorado, for exam-\\nple, is a wonderful diversion. It sooths and quiets. There is a majestic\\nawe that steals over the mind. At the same time there is a stimulation\\nthat often prompts to over exertion, which may do great injury to the fee-\\nble. The broad expanse of water, lake or ocean, has a similar effect upon\\nthe mind with perhaps a still more soothing effect. The same result is\\nproduced by an ocean of prairie. To the citizens of a large city, a trip to\\nthe country anywhere is a good diversion. This is an advantage of a sub-\\nurban residence, and a summer visit to some picturesque spot. The\\nhealthy diversion of a residence in a great city is familiar to you all. The\\nlarge cities for health resorts, where mental diversion is the chief require-\\nment, will yet attract attention more and more.\\nSecond. Deep respiration is a most essential requirement of any health\\nresort. The citizen finds that the rarer air of the country forces its way\\ninto all the air cells of his lungs. Those who visit the mountains complain\\nthat they cannot get air enough. The air is so rare that they must breathe\\ndeeply. The same effect is produced on the ocean, for the reason that\\nthere is so much ozone in the atmosphere. The same is true of prairie\\nair. A visit to pine forests, or where luxuriant vegetation absorbs the\\ncarbonic acid, has the same effect. The good effect of a trip to the South,\\nespecially in winter, with the agreeable diversion from snow to green\\nfoliage, is well known. The cool, crisp air of winter, although loaded with", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nozone and so invigorating to those robust and able to drink it in, yet to\\nthe feeble it seems to produce a spasm of the bronchi that interferes with\\nrespiration. Diseased and sensitive lungs intuitively keep to the house,\\nor hie away to a mild climate. But this should not be too warm nor\\nsupersaturated with moisture, or deep, healthy respiration will be impos-\\nsible. The effect of deep respiration upon the heart and circulation should\\nnot be overlooked. If the heart is overtaxed, unfavorable reaction is sure\\nto follow.\\nThird. Good digestion must be obtained at any good health resort.\\nWhere a person eats well and sleeps well, health and vigor come with\\nrapid pace. Passive exercise, like riding m a car in almost any direction,\\nwill awaken the appetite of any one. A trip to the mountains\\nusually makes one hungry as a bear. A sea voyage stimulates an appe-\\ntite for sea-biscuits of ten-penny nail consistence, while a ride over the\\nprairies gives an appetite like a mowing machine, as a facetious friend\\nexpressed it.\\nWith the mind diverted, and the whole system stimulated by deep respi-\\nration, the tissues are cleared out, rapid oxidation takes place and ample\\ndigestion cares for the body, giving renewed vigor and health. It is as-\\ntonishing the amount of food that can be encompassed at railroad eating\\nhouses with only twenty minutes for refreshments, and digested, too,\\nwhen one is being constantly exercised in a Pullman palace car. Assimi-\\nlation is greatly increased under those circumstances. Good food must\\nbe secured at any good health resort substantial, palatable food must\\nbe obtained.\\nThere are other elements that enter into the requirements of a health\\nresort. One of them is good water. Water, like air, is a form of food.\\nWater aids digestion, assimilation and excretion.\\nLatitude, as well as altitude, has a direct bearing on the value of a\\nhealth resort.\\nThe inhabitants at or about a health resort, must be taken into account.\\nDisagreeable and dangerous people can mar and destroy a health resort.\\nSome portions of the Southwest, while excellent locations for the sick, are\\nnot yet available for these reasons.\\nWhether Dakota answers the requirements of a health resort can be\\ngleaned from its characteristics.\\nIt is a vast plateau reached from Chicago after passing up through hill\\nand dale, over rivers and picturesque lakes. As far as the eye can reach\\nfor miles and miles, green, waving grass or grain is seen below, and a clear,\\nblue sky above. The effect upon the mind is most soothing. Dakota is so\\nsituated that there are constant breezes coming up the rivers, and over the\\nbroad expanse of prairie. These increase with the evaporating heavy\\ndews, and wax and wane with the sun, as in California. The lakes and\\nmoisture are on the high ground, so that the air is not so dry as in Colo-\\nrado, therefore there is a large amount of ozone always present. The river\\nand surface water is a mild alkaline water. The chief ingredient is mag-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 71\\nnesia. The soil is loaded with saline ingredients which increase the nitro-\\ngenous elements of the food, rendering Dakota products very healthful\\nand appetizing. The people of Dakota are vigorous, intelligent, enter-\\nprising and remarkably hospitable.\\nThese are features that, in the opinion of many medical men, will yet\\nmake Dakota a famous health resort.\\nThe class of cases that will be especially benefited will readily occur\\nto you.\\nFor consumptives and those suffering with diseases of the lungs, in\\ngeneral, it will yet rival Colorado or California, especially for the first\\nstage of lung troubles. The tax upon the circulation will not be so great\\nas in higher altitudes. Advanced cases had better go South, especially in\\nwinter.\\nThe absence of low marshes and malaria make it desirable for those\\ntroubled with bilious disorders.\\nFor diseases of the kidney and bladder, the water of Dakota is espe-\\ncially valuable, rivaling that of any noted waters.\\nFor dyspeptics, especially, the climate, water and cereal products of\\nDakota will yet have a great reputation.\\nFor agreeable,- mental diversion there is no better, safer resort. City\\nbusiness men should take a few weeks vacation in Dakota, especially in\\nthe spring and fall. The mental diversion and physical energy recovered\\nwould amply repay them. Young ladies in the East, suffering from neu-\\nrasthenia and ennui, would get health by a short residence in Dakota as\\nwell as a husband, perhaps, and a slice of Government land.\\nThe whole country is filling up rapidly with very intelligent people.\\nIn the many towns springing up are excellent openings for young men,\\nwith a little money. Money is in great demand. The enterprising railroads\\nthat are assisting amazingly to develop this country, will furnish maps and\\nparticulars as to special points. Physicians who have visited Dakota agree\\nthat the trip is a delightful one.\\nDakota is destined, physically, as it is commercially, to wield an im-\\nmense influence in this Nation. It can invite the dyspeptic, hollow-\\nchested young men from the East and expand and develop them into\\nvigorous manhood. The sanitary features of this country should be as\\nwidely known as are its agricultural advantages.", "height": "4209", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nRIVERS AND LAKES.\\nIt is estimated that Dakota has 1,400 square miles of water surface.\\nThe principal streams are the Missouri, James or Jim, Big Sioux, Ver-\\nmillion, Red, White, Bad, Cheyenne, Moreau, Grand, Cannon Ball, Heart,\\nSheyenne, Mouse, Little Missouri, and Maple rivers.\\nA great number of lakes are scattered throughout the Territory, nota-\\nbly in the counties of Brookings, Kingsbury, Hamlin, Codington, Wal-\\nworth, Brown, Day, Roberts, Emmons, Logan, Barnes, Stutsman, Kidder,\\nBurleigh, Turner, Benson, Ramsey, Nelson, Foster, Griggs, Deuel, Clark,\\nCharles Mix, Brule, Lake, and Aurora. The Turtle Mountain country, in\\nthe counties of Bottineau and Rolette, is full of small lakes and ponds, as\\nis also the wide belt of low hills, the Plateau du Coteau du Missouri, ex-\\ntending diagonally from the northwest to the southeast corners of the\\nTerritory.\\nBig Stone lake and Lake Traverse are bodies of water about twenty-five\\nmiles long and one or two miles in breadth, forming a portion of the bound-\\nary line separating Grant and Roberts counties, Dakota, from Minnesota.\\nDevils Lake or Spirit lake of the Indians, situated in Ramsey and Benson\\ncounties, is about fifty miles long, with a breadth ranging from a few rods\\nto several miles, and is much the largest lake in the Territory. It covers\\nabout 100 square miles of surface and has a shore line of more than 250\\nmiles. The waters of the lake are strongly saline, with a dark green color,\\nresembling that of the ocean. It has no outlet and is surrounded by nar-\\nrow belts of heavy, native timber. The lake is the breeding place of\\nmyriads of gulls, geese, ducks, snipe, curlew, brant and swan, and is a\\nparadise for sportsmen. It varies in depth from a few feet to more than\\na hundred, and is elevated some 1,200 feet above the sea.\\nThe Missouri river, varying in width from one-fourth of a mile to two\\nmiles, is the most important of all the streams of the Territory. It flows\\nin a general southeastern direction, through a course, counting its wind-\\nings, of fully 1,000 miles within the boundaries of Dakota, dividing the\\nTerritory into two nearly equal divisions. Frequent analysis has proved\\nthe water in this stream to be the purest river water in the world, al-\\nthough no one would imagine this to be true, looking at the turgid,\\nmuddy, yellow surface of the stream\u00e2\u0080\u0094 caused by the great amount of sand*\\nand sediment held in solution.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "BES0UKCE3 OF DAKOTA. 73\\nThe Missouri is navigable for steamers of several hundred tons burden,\\neight months of the year; the boats ascending as high as Fort Benton, in\\nMontana, 3,000 miles from where it discharges into the Mississippi, and\\n4,000 from the Gulf of Mexico. .This river is of the greatest value to the\\npeople of Dakota, as a line of transportation, and must ever remain so.\\nNo matter how many railroads may be built in the Territory, the river\\nwill always serve that great purpose of a regulator of high tariff.\\nBy means of the Missouri river every bushel of wheat raised in Dakota\\ncould be transported entirely by water to any sea-port of the globe.\\nTha following account of the early attempts to navigate the upper Mis-\\nsouri, from the annual report of the chief of engineers of the United\\nStates army, 1883, is of interest:\\nUp to 1830, the American fur company still clung to their keel or Mack-\\ninac boats, and dragged them by human labor from St. Louis, Missouri,\\nto the mouth of the Yellowstone, in Dakota. In that year, Pierre Choteau\\nand the other members of the company determined to- try a steamboat.\\nThe boat was built at Pittsburg, Pa., and in the spring of 1831, left that\\nport for St. Louis. It was called the Yellowstone and drew three feet\\neight inches light, five feet loaded.\\nSucceeded in reaching Fort Pierre, (Stanley county, Dakota), in 1831,\\nbut low water prevented further progress, and it returned to St. Louis.\\nIn 1832 it succeeded in reaching the mouth of the Yellowstone. This suc-\\ncess led to the building of another boat at Pittsburg, called the Assina-\\nboine. This boat made its first trip in 1833, ascending as high as the\\nmouth of the Yellowstone and returned safely to St. Louis. It repeated\\nthe trip in 1834 and 1835. In the latter year, after discharging its cargo at\\nthe mouth of the Yellowstone, an experimental trip was made higher up\\nthe river, reaching the mouth of the Poplar, in Montana; here it was\\ncaught by the falling water and compelled to pass the winter.\\nThe next season, on its way to St. Louis, it was destroyed by fire, in\\nthe vicinity of the mouth of the Heart river, opposite the present site of\\nthe city of Bismarck.\\nThe American fur company subsequently owned a considerable num-\\nber of steamboats, and every year saw one or more ascend to the mouth\\nof the Yellowstone. Several attempts were made to push still higher up\\nthe river, but with indifferent success as only the El Paso succeeded in\\npassing the mouth of the Milk river, Montana, and that only a few miles.\\nMackinac, or keel boats, therefore, continued to be used on the Yellowstone\\nand the Missouri rivers in Montana; but, in 1859, a more determined effort\\nwas made. The Chippewa had been built for the company with special\\nreference to the difficulties to be surmounted above the Yellowstone. It\\nhad a stern wneel, being the first of that description ever employed on\\nthe upper Missouri. The Chippewa left St. Louis in the spring of 1859.\\nIt was considered doubtful whether it would be able to pass the shoals\\nabove the mouth of the Judith, and a large Mackinac was towed behind to\\nlighten it by unloading the freight, destined for Ft. Benton, Montana.", "height": "4219", "width": "2501", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThis was done just above ^the mouth of the Judith; the Chippewa\\npassed on and reached a point a few miles beiow Ft. Benton on the 17th\\nof June. Here the]voyage*ended, and, rejoiced at having achieved a suc-\\ncess so decided, Mr. Choteau started the boat for St. Louis. The following\\nyear the Chippewa ascended to Ft. Benton, accompanied by the Key\\nWest, and thus in 1860, the present head of navigation on the Missouri\\nriver was first reached by steamboat.\\nThe conditions under which steamboats operate on the Missouri river\\nin the transportation of freight and passengers are so totally different from\\nthose on Eastern rivers that their design has to conform to the necessities\\nof the case. The boats are of very light draught, and of great length and\\nwidth in proportion to their depth. Their models vary widely from all\\nthe usual standard shapes, and are said to have been designed after the\\npattern of the mouth of the cat-fish. The engines are placed at the ex-\\ntreme after end of the hull, and are coupled at right angles to the shaft of\\nthe wheel, which is very much less in diameter than the wheels of a side-\\nwheel boat, but extends nearly the whole width of the boat. The boilers\\nare placed forward of the center. It is stated that a stern wheel boat will\\ncarry a load of 1,000 tons onjbut little more than half the depth of water\\nrequired by a side wheelerjbr^the same load. Another important feature\\nof the Missouri river boats is the spars used for lifting and dragging the\\nboat over shoals and bars.\\nIn 1881, five lines of steamboats made their headquarters at Bismarck,\\nDakota, and twenty-one^boats plied between that town and points on the\\nMissouri river, making, during the season of navigation, from one hundred\\nand fifty, to one hundred and seventy-five trips. These boats carried into\\nMontana 34,760,0(XTpounds of freight, valued at $5,214,000. The extensive\\nrailway construction of the past few years throughout the Northwest, has\\nhad the effect of reducing the amount of river transportation; however, it\\nis still quite heavy and boats ply regularly, during the season, between\\nSioux City and Bismarck, and Bismarck and the head of navigation. At\\npresent nine boats areln the trade between Bismarck and Montana, and\\nit is estimated that they will handle upward of 16,000,000 pounds of freight\\nduring the season of navigation.\\nNavigation opens about the 27th]of March and closes about the 10th of\\nNovember.\\nThe Nationar.Governmenc annually expends large sums of money in\\nimprovements to the channel of the Missouri river, through the Territory.\\nThe Big Cheyenne, which drains the Black Hills region, contributes the\\nlargest volume of water to the Missouri river. The greater part of this\\nstream lies within the boundaries of the Sioux Indian reservation, as also\\ndoes that of the White, Bad, Moreau, and Grand rivers. The Cannon Ball\\nriver forms the northern boundary of this reservation.\\nThe Souris, or Mouse river is an erratic stream which, rising in the\\nBritish Possessions, follows a southeasterly course to a point in Dakota\\nsixty-five milessouth of the International boundary line, where it again", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 75\\nturns northward and finally re-enters the Queen s Dominions. It flows\\nfor the most part, at a much lower level than that of the adjacent prairie,\\nand its banks are covered with an abundant growth of timber.\\nThe Red River of the North forms the boundary line between Dakota\\nand Minnesota from Lake Traverse to the Canada line. It is a deep,\\nnarrow and exceedingly crooked stream, traveling a devious course of\\nsome six hundred miles before finally emptying its waters into Lake Win-\\nnepeg, Manitoba. The valley of the river is from sixty to eighty miles\\neast and west by 300 miles north and south, every acre of which is the\\nfinest wheat land in the world. One hundred and eighty miles in length\\nand forty miles in width of this valley, are situated in Dakota. The whea\\nraised in the Red River valley is a grade unto itself, from the fact of its\\nrichness in albuminoids and its extreme dryness. It all grades No. 1,\\nhard, and commands the highest market price.\\nSteamers of two or three hundred tons burden (similar in construction\\nto the Missouri river steamers, as described in the remarks on that\\nstream), ply about eight months in the year as far up the river as Fargo, a\\ndistance of nearly 400 miles; and a part of the season, as high as Aber-\\ncrombie, fifty miles farther.\\nCaptain Alexander Griggs, at present the chairman of the Territorial\\nboard of railroad commissioners, built one of the first steamers on the\\nriver, the Selkirk, in 1871. From that date the number of boats in-\\ncreased rapidly, and in 1882, freight to the amount of 63,303,673 pounds\\nwas carried by water between Fargo and Pembina. The Government has\\nannually appropriated a considerable sum for the improvement of naviga-\\ntion on this river. During the summer months, millions of feet of pine\\nlogs are run down the Red River from the Red lake and Ottertail pineries\\nin Minnesota, to the saw mills at Grand Forks. These mills manufactured\\n7,000,000 feet of lumber last season, and it is estimated that amount will be\\nincreased this year, to 20,000,000 feet,\\nThe James, or, as it is commonly known, the Jim river, which drains\\nthe country lying between the Red River and its tributaries of the north\\nand the Sioux and Vermillion rivers of the south, on the east, and the Mis-\\nsouri river on the west, is not navigable. It has its source near Devils\\nLake in the northern portion of the Territory and flows in a southerly\\ncourse to its junction with the Missouri in the vicinity of Yankton, on the\\nextreme southern boundary of Dakota. The James, from source to\\nmouth, has a length, counting its numerous bends and curves, of some five\\nhundred miles, and is the longest stream wholly in Dakota, The valley\\nof the James river is of great width and may be described as one vast\\nprairie, bounded east and west by the horizon, and extending a distance\\nnorth and south of nearly 400 miles. The fame of the fertility of its soil\\nhas had much to do with the rapid settlement of central Dakota, by\\nwhich is meant that portion of the Territory having the valley of the Mis-\\nsouri river for its western boundary, and bounded on the east by the val-\\nleys of the Red and the Big Sioux.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "76 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe valley of the James contains, not only the richest of farming land,\\nthickly settled upon by well-to-do farmers, but along its course of many\\nhundred miles, separated by easy distances, are located many of the most\\nprosperous, enterprising and growing cities and villages of the Territory.\\nThe Big Sioux is an important stream, carrying a large volume of\\nwater, the drainage of innumerable lakes, ponds and marshes, situated\\naround its head-waters in Kingsbury, Hamlin, Codington, Day and other\\ncounties. It flows in a southerly direction, forming the boundary line be-\\ntween Lincoln and Union counties Dakota, and the state of Iowa, and\\nempties into the Missouri at the extreme southeastern point of the Terri-\\ntory. The Big Sioux river furnishes the best water power m the Terri-\\ntory equalled in all the Northwest only by the Falls of St. Anthony, on\\nthe Mississippi river at Minneapolis, Minnesota. At Sioux Falls, in Minne-\\nhaha county, the river falls through a series of cascades, a distance of\\nninety-one feet in running half a mile and supplies motive power for two\\nlarge flouring mills, (one of which is seven stories high and occupies a\\nground floor space of 80x100 feet,) granite polishing works and other in-\\ndustries. There is practically no limit to the power which can be sup-\\nplied by the numerous falls of this stream, in the vicinity of Sioux Falls\\nand Dell Rapids, when fully developed.\\nThe Vermillion river has its source in the northern part of Miner\\ncounty and flows south, about midway between the James and Big Sioux\\nrivers, through the counties of McCook, Turner and Clay and joins with\\nthe Missouri near the flourishing city of Vermillion. The waters of this\\nstream pass through some of the best cultivated and oldest settled lands\\nin the Territory.\\nThe Sheyenne is a stream of great length, having its source in Mc-\\nHenry county, whence it flows in a southeasterly direction through\\nthe counties of Benson, Eddy, Nelson, Griggs, Barnes, Ransom thence\\nrunning northeast through the counties of Richland and Cass, to its union\\nwith the Red. The region that is drained is more varied than that of\\nthe Red River valley, consisting of rolling prairies, diversified by ranges\\nof low hills. The land is almost uniformally good; is easily tilled and\\nhighly productive. Many fine stock farms and ranches are situated\\nalong this stream.\\nThe Little Missouri river rises in Wyoming, northwest of the Black\\nHills, and flows in a northerly direction, through the western line of Da-\\nkota s counties and empties into the Missouri, near the Ft. Buford Indian\\nreservation. It is a considerable stream, and is noted for the extensive\\ncoal deposits along its shores and the fine grazing country through which\\nit runs. Many thousand head of range cattle, fattened on the native\\ngrasses of the valley of the Little Missouri, are shipped annually to the\\nEastern markets.\\nInnumerable streams of greater or less length flow into these large\\nrivers, draining all sections of the vast Territory and furnishing, in their\\nimmediate vicinity, an ample supply of pure and sweet water for man and\\nbeast.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 77\\nWELLS.\\nWhere water is not to be had from a running stream, or from the num-\\nerous hillside springs, abounding in many localities, it is generally very\\neasily obtained by dug or driven wells.\\nIn most of the counties, a vein of excellent water is found, at a depth\\nvarying from a few feet to forty or more, by driving down an inch and a\\nquarter gas pipe, to which is attached the usual style of driven well point\\nand wire strainer. The operation is a simple one and inexpensive; a\\ncomplete well of this sort costing from twenty-five to fifty dollars.\\nIn some localities the underground veins of water are at a greater depth\\nfrom the surface and, in such case, it becomes necessary to dig wells, or\\nbore one of the tubular pattern.\\nThe settler, in any part of Dakota, finds but little difficulty in obtaining\\na supply of good, pure water, either from some of the countless streams,\\nlakes, swamps and ponds scattered throughout every county, or else by\\nsinking a well of one of the patterns described. Many of the farms have\\nwind-mills attached to the pumps and, by this means, supply a constant\\nflow of fresh, cool water for both house and stable.\\nNumerous artesian wells, from Yankton in the south, to Jamestown in\\nthe north, furnish every town of any importance, in the James River val-\\nley with a never-failing water-works system. In the counties bordering\\nthe Red River, artesian veins are found at a comparatively short dis-\\ntance below the surface of the valley. The water is forced out, generally,\\nwith a pressure sufficient for fire protection and to carry it wherever de-\\nsired.\\nIn response to inquiries sent out by this office, twenty-nine counties re-\\nport artesian wells in successful operation a sufficient warranty, one\\nwould imagine, for the expectation of obtaining this bountiful supply of\\nwater, together with power and fire protection wherever, in Dakota, the\\nproper effort is exerted.\\nAt the last session of the Territorial Legislature, (1887), a general law\\nwas enacted providing for the construction and maintenance of artesian\\nwells in towns, townships, cities and counties, by the assessment of an\\nequal tax upon the property owners and residents of the district or com-\\nmunity to be benefited a provision which will undoubtedly lead to an\\nextension of the advantages arising from artesian wells to a great many\\nfarming communities.\\nA more detailed account of Dakota s artesian wells will be found on\\nthe succeeding pages of this publication.", "height": "4219", "width": "2513", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WHEAT.\\nWheat is Dakota s principal agricultural product and will undoubtedly\\never remain her chief staple, owing to the extremely favorable conditions\\nwhich prevail within the Territory for raising the best quality of wheat at\\nthe lowest possible cost per bushel. The report of the Bureau of Chem-\\nistry of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1884, contains the\\nresult of an analysis of 2,759 specimens of wheat, among which were in-\\ncluded samples from every state of the Union, and many foreign coun-\\ntries.\\nThe chemist, (page 70-79 of the report), says that the determination of\\nthe albuminoids, in connection with the size and condition of the wheat,\\nsettle, so far as a chemical and physical examination can succeed, the\\npeculiarities and relative values of the samples submitted.\\nThe result of the analysis is to establish the fact by National investiga-\\ntion that in the two most important desiderata, dryness and richness in\\nalbuminoids, Dakota wheat ranks the best of any grown on American soil,\\nand probably averages the best of all the world.\\nThe following table is copied from the chemist s report:\\nAVERAGE PERCENTAGE OP WATER AND ALBUMINOIDS IN THE COMPOSITION OF\\nAMERICAN WHEAT.\\nLocality.\\nWater,\\nper cent.\\nDAKOTA 8.84\\nPennsylvania 10.73\\nMaryland 10.52\\nVirginia 9.98\\nWest Virginia 8.55\\nNorth Carolina 10.03\\nGeorgia 10.00\\nAlabama 10.82\\nOhio 10.68\\nTennessee 10.24\\nKentucky 10.83\\nMichigan 10.71\\nMissouri 9.80\\nArkansas 9.56\\nMinnesota 9.96\\nKansas 11.80\\nTexas 10.03\\nColorado 9.73\\nUtah 9.17\\nNew Mexico 9.30\\nCalifornia 10. 73\\nOregon 9.74\\nWashington Territory 9.89\\nHighest\\nAlbumi-\\nper cent.\\nnoids,\\nAlbum ds\\nper cent.\\nm anv\\nspecim n.\\n14.95\\n18.03\\n11.44\\n15.58\\n11.65\\n14.53\\n12.10\\n14.00\\n10.94\\n11.03\\n10.43\\n12.43\\n11.78\\n14.00\\n11.29\\n13.65\\n12.83\\n16.10\\n12.50\\n16.63\\n13.15\\n14.53\\n11.67\\n15.23\\n11.56\\n14.00\\n12.95\\n13.19\\n17.15\\n11.15\\n12.25\\n13.14\\n15.23\\n12.73\\n15.94\\n10.15\\n10.50\\n10.50\\n11.73\\n10.94\\n12.78\\n8.60\\n9.47\\n8.23\\n8.75", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 79\\nThe average percentage of albuminoids in the wheats of all the United\\nStates and British America is 12.15. In Dakota the average percentage is\\n14.95, leading every state and territory. The average percentage of dry-\\nness of the wheats of the United States and British America is 10.16. In\\nthis respect Dakota also leads every competitor with an average percent-\\nage of only 8.84 of water in the composition of wheat grown on her soil.\\nPAC-SIMILE OP FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED THE DAKOTA EXHIBIT\\nFor the best grade of hard wheat, World s Industrial Exposition, New Orleans, 1885.", "height": "4219", "width": "2418", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "80 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nCommenting on the result of this investigation the chemist says:\\nas will be seen, the Dakota specimens are all extremely rich in al-\\nbuminoids; one containing as high as 18.03 per cent., which is the richest\\nspecimen ever analyzed in the United States.\\nOn page 111 of the report, the chemist has this to say of the result of an\\nexhaustive analysis of samples of flours submitted from the various mill-\\ning centers of the country: The Eastern flour is poorer in ni-\\ntrogen and gluten than any of the others. In fact, the flours follow\\nclosely the composition of the wheat which had been examined from the\\nsame parts of the country. Dakota makes a flour richer than any other,\\nin gluten, in the same way that it produces a wheat of that description.\\nThe average of these Northwestern- spring wheat flours is high, and in\\ncomparison with the rest of the country, they are the richest which have\\nbeen analyzed. The hard wheats of the Northwest have furnished the\\ncountry with a finer flour than it has before possessed, and in the baking\\nexperiments, the bread made from these flours excelled all others in\\nquality.\\nThese experiments, carried on by authority of the National Govern-\\nment, establish two facts:\\nFirst. That a bushel of Dakota wheat will make more bread than the\\nsame quantity of wheat raised in any other state or territory of the Union.\\nSecond. That the bread made from Dakota wheat flour contains more\\ngluten and other of the materials which nourish and build up the human\\nbody, than bread made from any other brand.\\nAt the World s Exposition, New Orleans, 1884-5, Dakota was awarded\\nfirst premium for wheat over competitors from all the famous wheat-grow-\\ning countries of the world. A fac- simile of the award is shown on the\\npreceding page.\\nDakota s soil not only produces the finest wheat in the world, worth from\\nfive to ten cents more a bushel than the best grade of other markets, but\\nit is raised at the lowest possible cost of production.\\nFrom the Government census of 1880 we deduce the following figures:\\nThe average value of a farm in the state of New York, including land,\\nfences and buildings, is $4,561 the average size of a farm in that state is\\n99 acres, making an average investment of $46 for every acre. In the\\nstate of Ohio the average value of farm property is $44 per acre. In Da-\\nkota the farmer has an average investment in his farm property of only\\n$5.90 per acre and he raises a finer grade of wheat than does the Eastern\\nfarmer, with ten times the amount invested and with a corresponding in-\\ncreased annual outlay for taxes and interest on the investment.\\nA prominent citizen of the Territory one who has heavy interests in\\nthe lands of both Dakota and the state of New York, is authority for the\\nfollowing comparison\\nA farm situated in western New York, and containing say 160 acres of\\nland, will pay a tax of from $75 to $100 per annum, while a fairly well im-\\nproved farm in Dakota, of the same acreage will be taxed but from $25 to", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 81\\n$40; here, in the item of taxes alone is a margin of saving to the Western\\nfarmer of about $50 per year. A mortgaged farm of say about 160 acres in\\nwestern New York usually carries a mortgaged debt of not less than\\n$5,000; the interest upon this debt at the rate of 5 per cent., (the lowest\\nrate made in that section,) is $250 per year. Now, on the other hand, the\\naverage mortgage upon a fairly improved farm of 160 acres situated in Da-\\nkota, is not more than $800, and, at the highest rate of interest now ex-\\nacted in this Territory upon real estate mortgage security, namely 10 per\\ncent., the interest upon a Dakota mortgage would be $80 per annum.\\nThus we see that in the matter of interest there is a difference in the\\nfavor of the Dakota farmer of $210 per year, which added to the $50 saved\\nin the way of taxes, makes a net yearly saving to the Dakota farmer of\\n$260, not by any means an insignificant amount at this period of meager\\nmargin of profit in general farming operations throughout all sections of\\nthis country.\\nThe East can never compete with Dakota in the cheapness of the pro-\\nduction of a bushel of wheat, no more than can she raise wheat of an\\nequal quality.\\nThe following estimates of the actual cost of raising a bushel of wheat in\\nDakota, during a season of average conditions of favorableness, will be of\\ninterest to the intending settler:\\nMr. Henry Sleight, a reliable farmer of Stutsman county, says: In May\\nand June, 1881, I broke 113 acres, with 12-inch walking plows, about three\\ninches deep and back-set in July and August, about an inch deeper than\\nthe breaking. Last spring, as soon as the frost was out of the ground suf-\\nficiently, I went over it once with a disc harrow and seeded it with Scotch\\nFife wheat, one and a half bushels to the acre, using force-feed broadcast\\nseeders, following with common harrows twice over. The seeding was\\ncompleted about the middle of April. The wheat came up quickly and\\nevenly and gave promise of an extraordinary crop until the July drouth,\\nwhich checked it in heading and materially reduced the yield. Harvest-\\ning was done about the middle of August, and threshing from the shock\\nin September. The crop on the 113 acres was 3,912 bushels, over 34J\\nbushels per acre.\\nThe cost of producing the crop, as given below, is the actual expense\\nfor labor $25 per month wages and 50 cents a day board for men, and 16f\\ncents a day for feed for each horse. In threshing, five additional men\\nwere employed at $2 per day, which is also included in the cost of threshing.\\nSUMMARY.\\nSeed wheat, 169J bushels, at 75 cents 127 13\\nPulverizing with disc harrow, man and 3 horses, 5\u00c2\u00a3 days 10 84\\nSeeding, man and two horses, 9h days 17 00\\nDragging, man and two horses, 11 days 21 67\\nHarvesting, two men and three horses, nine days 29 25\\nBinding twine 41 00\\nThreshing and putting in granary 152 50\\nStubble plowing 85 88\\nTotal 485 27", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nBy proportioning the taxes assessed last June,[the interest on the cost\\nof the farm, stock, machinery and other equipments, and on the expense\\nof operating the farm, for the current year at 6 per cent., the wear and\\ntear of stock, machinery, etc., together with the expense of keeping the\\nstock during the winter, the cost of production will be increased about\\n$345\u00e2\u0080\u0094 making a total of $830.27.\\nThat the statement may be better understood, I will add that the farm\\ncontains 800 acres; about 700 acres under cultivation, 80 acres of fine hay\\nmeadow and 20 acres taken up by highways. The cost of the land, build-\\nings and breaking was about $20,000, and of the stock, machinery, imple-\\nments, etc., about $6,500. As the land was all comparatively free from\\nnoxious plants, no summer fallowing was done this year on the farm, and\\nthe teams were engaged nearly two months from the last of May until\\nthe latter part of July in breaking and fallow-plowing for others.\\nThe cost of raising a bushel of wheat in this instance, after adding to\\nthe farm expenses an allowance for taxes, interest, wear and tear of ma-\\nchinery, etc., was but 21|- cents. Had it not been for the July weather,\\nMr. S. is certain his yield would have been 40 bushels per acre instead of\\n34J, which would have materially reduced the cost per bushel of produc-\\ntion.\\nThe following shows the actual result of the cultivation of 155 acres in\\n1885 an unfavorable year:\\nPlowing 155 acres, fall of 1884 194 00\\nSeed 119 25\\nInterest on above, 10 months at 10 per cent 25 85\\nSeeding 155 acres 155 00\\nRolling 30 00\\nInterest on above, 4 months 6 08\\nHarvesting and shocking 232 50\\nThreshing and delivering at elevator, 11 cents per bushel 357 50\\nTax on land 25 00\\nInterest on money invested in land 130 00\\nTotal cost $1,275 18\\nThe yield was 21 bushels to the acre, a- total of 3,255 bushels. The cost\\nof raising wheat as per above statement was about 36 cents per bushel.\\nW. W. Warren, Esq., general manager of the Grandin Brothers farm,\\nat Mayville, Traill county, says that the cost of raising a bushel of wheat\\non that farm, including interest on capital, wear on machinery, Wages, in-\\ncidentals, etc., is a little less than 24 cents per bushel.\\nHon. Lauren Dunlap, late Commissioner of Immigration for Dakota,\\nprepared the following table on the cost of wheat production in the Terri-\\ntory, as showing the average expense to the ordinary farmer, based upon\\nactual results within the knowledge of this office:", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 83\\nCOST OF PRODUCTION PER ACRE.\\nPlowing $1 00\\nSeeding, 1\u00c2\u00a3 bushels at 80 cents 1 20\\nCultivation and sowing 50\\nHarvesting and stacking 1 25\\nThreshing and marketing 2 00\\nTotal $5 95\\nEXAMPLE.\\nPlowing 160 acres, at $1 160 00\\nSeed for same, 240 bushels, at80 cents 192 00\\nCultivating and sowing, at 50 cents per acre 80 00\\nHarvesting and stacking, at $1.25 per acre 200 00\\nThreshing and marketing, 3,200 bushels at 10 cents 320 00\\nInterest on capital invested, $2,000 at 10 per cent 200 00\\nTotal $1,152 00\\nCost of production per acre, counting a yield of 20 bushels 7 20\\nCost of production per bushel 36\\nThe highest estimated cost of the production of a bushel of wheat in\\nany one of the statements quoted 36 cents is lower than the estimated\\ncost of production in the great wheat growing country of India, and is at\\nleast 50 per cent, below the average cost of production throughout the\\nUnited States.\\nAn official document estimates the cost of growing wheat on manured\\nand irrigated land in India, at a little under a shilling per bushel, or in-\\nclusive of rent, Is. 6d., or 36J cents. This includes seed and threshing.\\nThe statistician of the Department of Agriculture Hon. J. R. Dodge\\nsays:\\nWhile India is the principal competitor of the United States in the\\nworld s markets, her importance as a competitor is greatly overrated.\\nThe occurrence of a famine year would reduce to zero her exports. So\\nfixed are the industrial usages of the people that great enlargement of the\\nwheat area is next to an impossibility there has been no material increase\\nas a result of the exportation of the surplus of the last ten years. The ex-\\ntension of railroad mileage has facilitated the shipping of the surplus of\\ngood years which would otherwise have been pitted to eke out subsist-\\nence in famine years. It might not be fair to say that these shipments\\nhave produced no effect; if any, it has been very small. The exports of\\nten years include nearly the sum of India s record of exportation, and\\nwould scarcely equal the crop of an average year. A 10 per cent, surplus\\nthat cannot be depended on in a crop half as large as ours, cannot take\\nthe place of our surplus, which is more than half as large as the India\\ncrop.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nHe is also authority for the statement that while the cost of production\\nunder favorable circumstances, and in the best localities of India, may be\\n35 to 40 cents per bushel, wheat can rarely be brought to the principal\\nmarkets and sold for less than 60 cents.\\nConsul-general Mattson, at Calcutta, says that the native of India can\\nafford to sell his wheat at the nearest market place, if within a day s jour-\\nney of his home, for 50 to 60 cents per bushel but when it does not bring\\nthat price, or very near it, he either consumes his small supply, or stores\\nit in a hole under the ground until a more favorable time shall come.\\nEnglish wheat-growers claim that it costs about $40 an acre to grow\\nwheat in England, and that they must get from 40 to 45 shillings a quarter,\\nor from $1.09 to \u00c2\u00a71.36 a bushel for their grain to make the growing of it\\nprofitable.\\nDakota has the soil, the climate and every advantage in her favor as a\\ncompetitor for supplying England, the great wheat market of the world,\\nwith bread, and whenever our intelligent, thinking farmers grasp the sit-\\nuation and till their lands as do the farmers of Europe, or even the farm-\\ners of the older settled areas of our own country, we shall at once attain,\\nand forever maintain the prestige of wheat producers of the globe.\\nIf the Dakota farmer can afford to raise wheat under the general hap-\\nhazard style of farming, which brings him only a third of the yield the\\nland ought to and would produce with skillful management; with a reck-\\nless investment in farm machinery and an utter disregard of caring for\\nit after it has been purchased, as has characterized his operations in\\nthe past; and with no thought of husbanding his crops for a favorable\\nmarket but, acting in concert with all his neighbors he throws the entire\\nseason s yield, as soon as threshed, on the hands of the grain specula-\\ntor, which, as a matter of course, affects the markets disastrously and\\nstill compete with the pauper-labor of India and the careful, painstaking\\nfarmer of Europe, what wealth and prosperity is in store for this same\\nfarmer when he shall, by means of scientific agriculture, double the\\nyields of his fields; when he shall act judiciously in creating indebtedness\\nand sensibly in housing his machinery when he shall provide a storage-\\nhouse for his grain, and compel the grain buyer to seek him nstead of put-\\nting himself entirely within the power of the elevators as now, and, last\\nof all, when he shall diversify his crop and combine stock-raising, dairy-\\ning, and the other valuable adjuncts of farming with his yearly wheat\\nventures!\\nThe yield of wheat in England is from twenty-six to twenty-eight bush-\\nels per acre in France twenty-four, about twice as much as the yield in\\nthe United States. And why? The answer is obvious this high yield i\\nthe sole result of science, and thrift, applied to farming operations. The\\nnatural fertility of the soil does not necessarily control the yield of a coun-\\ntry. No where on the globe, is there a wheat growing soil to compete with\\nthat of the Red River valley and yet the poor, worn out lands of some of", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 85\\nthe Eastern states are caused, through skilled effort, to bring forth heav-\\nier crops than this favored spot.\\nThe farmers of New England cultivate a soil of sand and gravel, but by\\nconstant tillage and the use of fertilizers, this same land has averaged for\\nthe past five years a yield of 30.8 bushels of corn to the acre, while the\\nrich loam of the Missouri valley where nature has furnished every aid to\\nincrease the farmer s wealth, returned but 29.8 bushels.\\nIt costs the Dakota farmer quite as much for seed, labor, taxes, living,,\\netc, to raise twelve bushels of wheat to the acre as if he had raised double\\nthe amount. An increase of a single bushel in the average yield of wheat\\nmeans over 12,000,000 to be distributed among the farmers of Dakota\\nevery cent of which, outside of the cost of threshing and marketing, is\\nclear gain.\\n^Statistical research shows that a crude agriculture is not abundant in\\nproduct, and that it is compelled to pay high interest on borrowed money.\\nA low grade of farming is cursed with mortgages and mildews, with in-\\nsects and ignorance. Uncertainty broods over its harvests, and famine\\ndecimates its people. Famine is unknown in a country of advanced agri-\\nculture, though a fourth of its people only may be engaged in rural pro-\\nduction. On the contrary, millions famish in India, while most of its peo-\\nple are in agriculture.\\nIn seasons unfavorable to production, the money value of skill and\\nscience in agriculture is immensely enhanced. It is often remarked that\\nfarmers receive as much for a very small crop as for a very large one. In\\n1881, 1,195,000,000 bushels of corn were worth $760,000,000; in 1884, 1,795,-\\n000,000 bushels were valued at $641,000,000; a small crop was worth 63.6\\ncents per bushel, a larger one 35.7 cents. A crop of cotton once sold for\\n$40,000,000 less than the previous one, which was more than 1,000,000 bales\\nlarger. Nevertheless there is disaster in a small crop. The failure is un-\\nequally distributed. The few advanced farmers grow nearly full crops, and\\nreceive larger revenues than usual; the many unskilled and careless suf-\\nfer disastrous reduction of yield and quality, and fail to make return for\\nseed and labor. Given unscientific agriculture, with an inauspicious sea-\\nson, and the poor may grow poorer, while the scientific farmer, in the\\nsame year, may grow richer.\\nAmong the results due to applied science in the work of agriculture, the\\nfollowing are prominent:\\nFirst. Fertility is increased; the rate of yield is greatly enlarged; labor\\nis lightened; the laborer is less a beast of burden, and more a master of\\nmachinery.\\nSecond. The margin of profit is increased, or rather, one appears where\\nnone before existed.\\nThird. Production is equalized there are fewer gluts of certain pro-\\nducts, and greater variety in production.\\n*Hon. J. R. Dodge, Statistician, Department Agriculture, Washington, annual re-\\nport, 1885.", "height": "4219", "width": "2507", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "86 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFourth. Disasters of primitive agriculture are partially averted\\ndrought by deep and thorough culture, excessive rainfall, by drainage; in-\\nsects are less numerous with rotation, and their injuries are outgrown by\\nvigor of vitality and strength of growth; blights and other maladies of veg-\\netable physiology are avoided by amelioration of the soil and cultivation\\nin harmony with the conditions of healthful growth.\\nFinally, by application of the discoveries of science, the farmer unites\\nbrain with brawn in rural production, labor loses its drudgery and ac-\\nquires effectiveness, the profit and pleasure of agriculture are advanced,\\nthe public wealth and welfare are promoted, and a country life, whatever\\nits previous charms, is far better worth the living.\\nThe wheat crop of Dakota in 1880, as recorded in the annual report of\\nthe Department of Agriculture, was 80,704,000 bushels, the product of\\n2,675,350 acres, or an average yield of 11.5 bushels to the acre. But this\\nstatement is almost as inaccurate and misleading as others referring to Da-\\nkota, on page GO of the same official work, wherein it is said that the\\nvarieties of spring wheat grown in southwestern Dakota have a world-\\nwide reputation for producing the best quality of flour! that our princi-\\npal market crop is flax! and that tomatoes and melons rarely mature on\\naccount of frost! The truth of the matter is the Territory has never re-\\nceived proper credit for the crops she has raised through the fault, chiefly,\\nof her own weak and inoperative statistical law.\\nAs this law now stands, but a small proportion of the assessors of the\\nTerritory comply with its terms, and the Commissioner of Immigration is\\ndependent almost solely on the kind co-operation of county auditors and\\nclerks, city officials and voluntary reporters selected from among the\\nfarmers, for statistical information regarding the season s crops.\\nCareful computations, verified in every instance by a number of reliable\\nand competent citizens of each county, make the average sown to wheat\\nin 1886 exceed the amount credited to Dakota in the report of the Com-\\nmissioner of Agriculture by 574,141 acres, or a total of 3,249,491. This\\nwould have given us, even at the average yield computed in his report, a\\ncrop of 37,369,146 bushels, or an excess of nearly 7,000,000 as compared\\nwith the estimates of the Department of Agriculture. Dakota was given\\nthe sixth place in the rank of wheat producing states and territories last\\nyear, whereas she was really entitled to the fourth her yield of this cereal\\nhaving been exceeded in quantity by the three states only of Ohio, Indiana\\nand Minnesota a splendid showing when we consider the fact that the\\nseason throughout the Northwest was one of the most unfavorable ever\\nrecorded.\\nBut it is the wheat crop of this year, (1887), which establishes Dakota in\\nthe lead, beyond all fear of competition, as the greatest wheat producing\\ncountry of the Union.\\nNearly two months labor of this office have been spent in the collecting\\nand compiling of several hundred reports and estimates of the season s\\ncrop area and yield per acre, received from leading farmers and reliable", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n87\\nTABLE SHOWING THE WHEAT CROr OF DAKOTA\\nIn comparison with each state and territory in the\\nin 1886,\\nUnion.\\nRank. States\\nBus/iets.\\n43 MASSACHUSETTS,\\n1\\n17,000\\n42 CONNECTICUT,\\nI\\n36,000\\n41 WYOMING,\\ns\\n63,000\\n40 NEVADA.\\n72,000\\n39 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\n38 MISSISSIPPI,\\n169,000\\n173,000\\n37 ARIZONA,\\n36 VERMONT,\\n297,000\\n35 MAINE,\\n34 NEW MEXICO.\\n410,000\\n600.000\\n921.000\\n33 SOUTH CAROLINA.\\n936,000\\n32 IDAHO,\\n31 DELAWARE,\\n30 MONTANA,\\n1,039,000\\n1,177,000\\n1,509,000\\n29 ALABAMA,\\n28 UTAH,\\n27 GEORGIA,\\n26 ARKANSAS,\\n25 NEW JERSEY,\\n24 COLORADO,\\n23 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n22 NORTH CAROLINA,\\n21 TEXAS,\\n20 VIRGINIA,\\n19 MARYLAND,\\n18 WASHINGTON TER..\\n17 TENNESSEE,\\n16 NEW YORK,\\n15 OREGON,\\n14 KENTUCKY\\n13 KANSAS.\\n12 WISCONSIN.\\n11 NEBRASKA,\\n10 PENNSYLVANIA\\n9 MISSOURI,\\n8 MICHIGAN,\\n7 ILLINOIS,\\n6 DAKOTA,\\n5 IOWA.\\n4 CALIFORNIA\\n3 INDIANA\\n2 oino\\n1,529,000\\nT,541,000\\n1,690,000\\n1,815.000\\n2.260,000\\n2,419,000\\n3,061,000\\n8.209.000\\n5.8*3.000\\n5,581,000\\n7,194.000\\n7,560,000\\n8.024.000\\n11,093,000\\n11.133,000\\n12.405.000\\n14.556.000\\n14,725,000\\nMINNESOTA\\n27,562.000\\n30,704,000\\n32.455. 00\\n36, 165. 009\\n40,255.000\\n40.302. 060\\n42,856,000", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ncitizens, representing every county of the Territory. The acreage and\\nyield for each county was obtained by taking the average of a number of\\nestimates from different sources of the same locality, and, wherever pos-\\nsible, this result was again verified by the assessors annual return of sta-\\ntistics. The totals, therefore, as herewith published are believed to be\\nas nearly accurate and reliable as it is possible to make them.\\nThe showing is simply astounding, and almost beyond comprehension,\\nviz.: a yield in 1887 of 62,553,499 bushels of wheat, from an acreage of\\n3,818,754, or an average of 16\u00c2\u00a3 bushels to the acre.\\nDakota, in 1887, raises more wheat than was ever credited to any one\\nstate of the Union for a season s yield, or about one-seventh of the entire\\nwheat crop of the United States in 1886 or almost one-thirtieth of the\\nwheat crop of the world.\\nIs further argument necessary to convince the public of the certainty\\nof Dakota s future and of the permanence of her growth and development?\\nThe yield of wheat in 1887 is an increase of about 100 per cent, over the\\ncrop of 1886, as computed by the Department of Agriculture, and a gain\\nof about 70 per cent, over the estimates for the preceding year, of this\\noffice.\\nThe acreage sown in 1887 is an increase of about one-fourth, as com-\\npared with the published report of the Commissioner of Agriculture in\\n1886, or about one-fifth more than the estimated acreage for that year as\\nmade by this office.\\nThe average yield per acre in 1886 was 11.5 bushels; this season it is 16\u00c2\u00a3,\\nor a gain in the yield of over 40 per cent.\\nDakota, still a territory, with her resources but partially developed, with\\nbut one-thirtieth of her area sown to grain, has even now taken rank far\\nahead of the famous wheat-growing states of the Union, and leads all\\ncompetitors in the quality of the grain produced and the cost of produc-\\ntion. The eventualities of the near future, when the millions of acres of\\nvacant land are peopled, and add their product to augment the Territory s\\ngrand total; when farmers apply lessons of science and economy to the\\noperations of agriculture, and when the completion of the net-work of\\nrailroads now projected give the product of the most distant farm an out-\\nlet through the lakes to the sea-board at one-fourth the present cost of\\ntransportation, cannot fill the mind with a single hope of wealth, grand-\\neur and prosperity for Dakota which will not be realized.\\nDakota s prairies will furnish the bread supply of the Nation; the best\\narticle at the lowest price.\\nThe soil Of Dakota requires no fertilizer her climate obviates any need\\nof irrigation there are no stones or trees to be cleared from the farm\\nand the smooth, level prairie permit of the use of many labor-saving\\nfarm tools, which the rough land and the small area of Eastern farms pre-\\nclude. Furrows are run for miles without a turn, and it is a day s journey\\nwith a self-binder to cut the opening swath around one of Dakota s bo-\\nnanza farms.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 89\\nDakota s wheat is all of the spring variety, and therefore the farmer is\\nnot subjected to the dangers of losing his crop by winter-killing, as hap-\\npens frequently to the winter wheat area. Damage to the crop by rust.\\nHessian fly, or chinch-bug has never occurred in the history of the Terri-\\ntory.\\nThe entire wheat crop of the United States could be grown on Dakota s\\nwheat land, antl even then there would remain a vacant area larger than\\nthe combined surface of the states of New York, Maryland, Vermont,\\nNew Hampshire, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Delaware and\\nRhode Island.\\nThe following table shows the amount of wheat inspected at the princi-\\npal grain depots of the United States during the year ending December,\\n1886:\\nLocality.\\nMinneapolis.\\nDetroit\\nChicago\\nKansas City.\\nMilwaukee...\\nNew York...\\nNo. of cars.\\n59,322\\n17,547\\n34,160\\n4,741\\n14,472\\n18,110\\nThe advantage and saving of water transportation, as compared with a\\nlong land haul in the movement of grain toward the great markets of the\\nworld, is too well known to need additional argument. Wheat was car-\\nried from Chicago to New York, by lake and canal, during the season of\\n1886, for an average price of nine cents per bushel, and to Liverpool from\\nNew York, by ocean steamers, for an average tariff during the year of 7 J\\ncents. The rate on grain by rail betw r een Chicago and New York, during\\nthe same period, was at no time less than 25 cents per bushel, and aver-\\naged for the year about 26 cents nearly three times heavier than the lake\\nand canal rate.\\nDuring the year ending July 31, 1887, 38,500 car loads of wheat were re-\\nceived at Duluth, being considerably more than was handled at either\\nChicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, New York or Kansas City, and exceeded\\nonly by Minneapolis, for the year 1886.\\nSince the opening of navigation, (1887), in less than fifty days, there\\nhad been shipped from Duluth 7,000,000 bushels of wheat a wonderful\\nincrease over the shipments for the same length of time of any previous\\nyear.\\nThese facts are presented as a proof of the rapid strides taken by this\\nnew competitor in the direction of the leading wheat-shipping point of\\nAmerica, and as emphasizing the great advantage to the farmers of Da-\\nkota of the many railway lines, already completed and under construc-\\ntion, connecting the Territorial cities with Duluth, shortening, by more\\nthan one-half, the land haul from the wheat fields to the lakes.\\nThe time is rapidly approaching when the entire surplus wheat crop of", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe Northwest will find its way to the elevators of a city destined to be-\\ncome the greatest grain mart of the world, distant but 200 to 350 miles\\nfrom the wheat fields of Dakota, and when our surplus grain will be\\nshipped to the seaboard at less than the present cost of transportation to\\nChicago.\\nThe president of one of the leading railway corporations of the United\\nStates, recently uttered the following prediction: It wftl not be long\\nuntil points in Dakota, within 500 miles of Duluth, will be sending wheat\\nfrom their stations to Buffalo for 15 cents per bushel.\\nThis means that wheat raised on Dakota soil at a cost of from 23 to 36\\ncents per bushel, with an investment of $5.90 per acre, will bring in the\\nlocal market, (when freights to the seaboard are lowered to this extent)\\nalmost the same price that the Eastern farmer receives for his, raised at\\ndouble the cost of production and on land representing ten times the capi-\\ntal invested.\\nThe following table shows the wheat crop of the world in 1880:\\nCountries\\nBushels.\\nAmerica:\\nUnited States 457,218,000\\nCanada 37,219,234\\nArgentine Republic and Chili 28,800,625\\nEurope:\\nAustria-Hungary 143,001,488\\nBelgium 1 18,514,688\\nDenmark 4,731,531\\nFrance I 299,107,620\\nGermany j 82,000,000\\nGreat Britain and Ireland I 65,285,353\\nGreece 4,937,250\\nItaly I 129,412,133\\nNetherlands 4,937,250\\nPortugal 8,228,750\\nRoumania 22,629,063\\nRussia 213,907,084\\nServia j 4,525,813\\nSpain 131,660,000\\nSweden and Norway 2,468,625\\nSwitzerland ...i 1,645,750\\nTurkey 41,143,750\\nAustralasia j 22,258,146\\nIndia I 258,317,632\\nEgypt 16,457,500\\nAlgeria 32,915,000\\nTotal 12,031,322,285\\nDakota s wheat crop, just harvested, is greater than the whole yield in\\n1886, of Turkey in Europe nearly double the product in 1886 of either\\nCanada or Algeria; more than twice the total annual yield of the Argen-\\ntine Republic and Chili combined, or of either Roumania or Australasia,\\nand three times the amount raised last year in either Belgium or Egypt.\\nThe entire 1886 wheat crop of the following countries, viz.: Denmark,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0099\u00a6RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 91\\nGreece, The Netherlands, Portugal, Servia, Switzerland, and Sweden and\\nNorway, when added together, makes but one-half the yield of Dakota\\nin 1887. Indeed, the statements received by this office and they are\\nvouched for as being trustworthy and reliable- prove that our wheat crop\\nthis season is less than 3,000,000 bushels below the whole product of Great\\nBritain and Ireland, as last recorded.\\nThe official record of imports of wheat into the United Kingdom for\\nthe first half of the present year, (1887) shows a large increase in the pro-\\nportion furnished by the United States, 68 per cent, against 54 per cent.\\nin the first six months of 1886 and 1885. Counting flour as wheat, the pro-\\nportion is 73.5 per cent, against 60.8 in a similar period of 1886, and 60.6 in\\n1885. Analyzing the table, there is found a great reduction in receipts\\nfrom Russia, a decrease from India of 20 per cent, as compared with the\\nfirst half of last year, and a decrease from Australia.\\nThe quantities of wheat imported from January to June, inclusive, with\\nvalue and average price, expressed in the measures of this country, are\\nas follows:\\nCountries.\\nBushels.\\nDollars.\\nRussia\\n2,782,608\\n1,113,629\\n32,718,276\\n1,063,011\\n6,725,790\\n3,650,170\\n2,847,311\\n1,226,154\\n34,870,614\\n1,101,367\\n6,670,429\\n3,726,848\\nGermany\\nUnited Statas\\nChili\\nIndia\\nOther countries\\nTotal\\n48,053,484\\n50,442,723\\nValue per\\nbushel.\\n1 02\\n1 10\\n1 07\\n1 04\\n99\\n1 02\\n1 05\\nThe value of wheat from this country is eight cents per bushel more\\nthan that from India, and five cents more than Russian wheat. It is\\nhigher than that of any non-European country, and yet the quantity fur-\\nnished is twice as much as that supplied by all other countries.\\nOf the imports of flour as wheat Austria furnishes a small quantity, and\\nGermany still less, while the receipts from the United States constitute\\n86 per cent, of the importation.\\nThe present indications point to a more than average European crop.\\nIt was late nearly everywhere, perhaps two weeks on an average at the be-\\nginning of June, but in growing condition, and its advancement since has\\nbeen rapid. The Russian and Austrian crops especially are of fine\\npromise. That of Spain is mediocre. In Germany, France, and England,\\nreports are generally favorable.\\nThe India crop, harvested a few months ago, will be 20,000,000 bushels\\nless than the preceding, say 238,000,000 bushels. Australasia will probably\\nproduce 15,000,000 bushels more than in 1885- 86, or 37,000,000 bushels.\\nThe product of the world promises to be quite as much as for each of the\\ntwo preceding harvests. A close calculation cannot be made while so", "height": "4219", "width": "2471", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nmuch uncertainty exists as to the harvest test of present prospects in cer-\\ntain countries. Present indications do not promise material increase in\\nprices; they certainly do not demand lower prices.\\nThe demand from Europe should be less than usual, if crops of Western\\nEurope are as good as reported, though stocks are low; but if prices con-\\ntinue low as at present, their replenishment must increase the sum of\\npurchases. It appears that America is still in advance in the competition,\\nfurnishing bread to the world at lowest rates with ease and cheerfulness,\\nand probably will have wheat to sell should prices run materially lower.\\nIt would be better, however, to sell less wheat abroad, and supply the de-\\nficiency in barley now obtained by importation, or produce other crops\\nfor home consumption at better profits.\\nThe rapid development of the agricultural and other resources of Dakota\\nin so short a period is fairly represented by the following comparative\\ntable showing (from official sources,) the wheat crop of the Territory in\\n1860, 1870, 1880, 1885 and 1887.\\nWHEAT CROP.\\nBushels.\\n1860\\n1\\n945\\n1870\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Hi\\n170.662\\n1880\\n2,830,289\\n1885\\nB\u00c2\u00a3S 38,166,413\\n1887\\n\u00c2\u00a3H^2,553,499\\nReport of the Statistician, Department of Agriculture, Washington, August, 1887.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 93\\nCORN.\\nDakota s leading interest must always be that of the farmer s.\\nThe great extent of magnificent soil, of cheap lands easily tilled, and\\nyielding a bountiful return for the husbandman s efforts, is rapidly crowd-\\ning the Territory toward her eventual position as the garden spot of the\\nNation; the depot for the food supplies of the Union. But in this agri-\\ncultural country, to bring about the full measure of success, there must be\\nan encouragement of the farmers to diverstfy their productions. Man\\ncannot live on bread alone, neither will the farmer be the most success-\\nful who confines his operations in the one direction of raising wheat.\\nThe experiment was tried in the settlement of Illinois, of Wisconsin, of\\nMinnesota, of Kansas, and Nebraska, and the failures marking the at-\\ntempts to grow wheat exclusively there was a lesson the Dakotaian has\\nwisely heeded.\\nThe homesteader or preemptor, as a general rule, begins operations on\\nhis new home with a very limited capital: the cost of breaking the land,\\nof erecting buildings, and the purchase of farm implements must be met\\nby the immediate sale of his yearly productions, and no crop is so readily\\nchanged into cash as wheat. As a result the new comers to Dakota were,\\nperforce, wheat-growers. But now that the farm has been developed, and\\nthe heavy expenditures of the first years are lessened he is investing\\nevery dollar of his surplus earnings in cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, and\\nin dairying and cheese making.\\nThe corn market is seldom or never overstocked.\\nIn the cultivation of this farm product there is little or no competition\\nof other countries, and if the price is unsatisfactory the former is never\\nat a loss to find profitable and varied uses for his surplus at home. Of\\ncorn and other feed for farm animals only a small portion of the crop\\ncomes within reach of the speculator, whereas, with wheat, nearly every\\nbushel is shipped from the farm, and, as an official of the Government\\nsays, is a prey to speculation every step of the way from the first coun-\\ntry market to the consumer s larder 1,000 to 5,000 miles distant, running a\\nlong gauntlet of forwarders, carriers, commission and elevator men, and\\nbuyers on speculation, whose charges all come out of the price fixed by\\nthe world s competition, leaving to the grower whatever remainder the\\nrapacity of this army of distribution may have been unable to confiscate.", "height": "4219", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "04\\nRESOUKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLE SHOWING THE CORN CROP OF DAKOTA IN 1886\\nIn comparison with each state and territory of the Union.\\nRank, States.\\nBushels.\\n45 NEVADA,\\n1\\n92,000\\n44 MONTANA,\\n1\\n22,000\\n43 IDAHO,\\n1\\n42,000\\n42 ARIZONA,\\nI\\n67,000\\n41 WASHINGTON TER.,\\n88,000\\n40 OREGON,\\nEH\\n178,000\\n39 UTAH,\\n2J7.000\\nRHODE ISLAND,\\nCOLORADO,\\nNEW MEXICO,\\nMAINE,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nMASSACHUSETTS,\\nCONNECTICUT,\\nVERMONT,\\nNORTH CAROLINA,\\nMICHIGAN,\\nWISCONSIN.\\nALABAMA,\\nGEORGIA.\\nIOWA,\\n438,000\\n938,000\\n973,000\\n989,000\\n1,364,000\\n1.922,000\\n1,992.000\\n2.058.000\\n30 DELAWARE, WB^Sl\\nBB 3,590,000\\n29 CALIFORNIA, Ifflfffilllfffl\\nMB 4,262,000\\n28 FLORIDA, BSjgSIl\\nB 4,597,000\\n27 NEW JERSEY, KBWWWWWWfl\\nIB 9,418,000\\n26 SOUTH CAROLINA.\\nIS 13,318,000\\n25 LOUISIANA,\\nSB 14.010.000\\n24 MARYLAND, ffi^PI^P^\\nHill 15.039.000\\n23 WEST VIRGINIA.\\ng|BH 15.194.000\\n22 DAKOTA, m AM mt\\nBB 15,305,000\\n21 MINNESOTA. EffgjflMTjffHi\\nmSi 19.905.000\\n20 NEW YORK. BHBSH\\nBB 22.426,000\\n19 MISSISSIPPI.\\ngBI 25.507.000\\n27,215,000\\n27,635,000\\n28,493,000\\n28,893,000\\n31,197,000\\n13 VIRGINIA,\\nIWirn 32,793,000\\n12 PENNSYLVANIA,\\n40,545,000\\n11 ARKANSAS.\\nB 42,140,000\\n10 TEXAS, HM\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WBBH\\nHB 69,213,000\\n9 TENNESSEE,\\nB 73,314,000\\nS KENTUCKY jjB SS^BB\\nB 88,758,000\\n7 OHIO,\\nB 96,204,000\\n106,129,000\\n1 ILLINOIS,\\n198,847,000\\n209,818,000", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 95\\nThe rich and distinctive soil of the Red River valley, especially en-\\ndowed by nature for the production of wheat, the equal of which is not\\ngrown elsewhere in the world with never a disastrous failure marking its\\nhistory of phenomenal yields; with its special farm tools, large areas, and\\nsystematic culture, whereby the cost of production is lowered beyond\\nfear of competition, must and will continue in the future, as in the past,\\nto grow a third of the entire wheat crop of the Territory. Farmers there\\nhave grown rich by confining their operations solely to the growing of\\nwheat, and the advantages of its particular soil are such that the Red\\nRiver valley must always maintain its present prestige of raising the best\\nand cheapest wheat known to the markets of the world. But the farmers\\nelsewhere in Dakota have learned that there is not the profit in growing\\nwheat exclusively even though the yield should be ever so heavy, and\\nthe quality unexcelled, as accrues from a diversity of products, the rais-\\ning of corn, oats and grass, crops which can be marketed at home, in the\\nway of meat, butter, cheese, etc.\\nWheat will always be a part of the farmer s crop in every section of the\\nTerritory, and an extremely profitable one, too, when by a rotation of\\nuses the soil is made to yield him a better, surer and larger return than\\neven now, and when his live stock interests shall relieve him from the\\nnecessity of crowding his wheat crop on the low markets of the early fall.\\nThere can be no more certain and positive indication of the success and\\nwealth in store for the farmers of Dakota, than is displayed by the pro-\\ngress of the past three years toward a diversity of crops.\\nIt is with a marked degree of satisfaction those, who are interested in\\nDakota s welfare, observe the increased area sown from year to year in\\ncorn, oats, barley, and the tame grasses. It means that the Dakota farmer\\nhas profited by the failures recorded in the early history of all the West-\\nern states, and is too wise and intelligent to place his dependence on the\\nyield of a single cereal. It means that he has become a stock-raiser as\\nwell as a tiller of the soil.\\nA studv of the tables in another part of this publication, exhibiting the\\nrapid increase each year of the numbers and value of the farm animals in\\nthe Territory, in connection with the enlargement of the area planted to\\ncorn and other stock supplies, is a convincing proof that the tillers of the\\nsoil in Dakota are following in the footsteps of the successful farmer of\\nIowa and Illinois, and have adopted the plan of mixed farming and of\\ndiversifying farm products.\\nThe encouragement and growth in the future of an investment in hogs,\\ncows, sheep and horses, that must follow as a natural result of the ven-\\ntures of those who have already demonstrated its value, have made doubly\\ncertain the success which will always attend the efforts of the farmer in\\nDakota. The time is remembered when Dakota was considered as lying\\noutside of the corn belt, and the same was thought to be true as regards\\nthe adaptability of the soil and climate for the raising of wheat; but, as\\nthe supposition that wheat could not be grown on Dakota soil has been", "height": "4219", "width": "2506", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ndemonstrated to be without foundation, just so is experience teaching the\\nworld that the corn area of the Northwest extends far beyond the bound-\\nary, to which it w T as confined a few years ago.\\nWith a soil beyond comparison and a climate akin to that of the great\\ncorn growing states of the West, the wonder is that the question of rais-\\ning corn in Dakota should ever have been clouded with a doubt.\\nFortunately many of the thrifty and enterprising farmers, who have\\nmade new homes in Dakota, were stock-raisers in the states from which\\nthey came, and had learned the value, to the farmer, of connecting stock\\ninterests with a diversity of crops. They soon demonstrated that Dakota s\\nsoil and climate would not only raise the finest wheat in the world, but\\nwas also equally as well adapted for the cultivation of corn.\\nWe have seen the corn area extended from the few counties in the ex-\\ntreme southeast, until to-day, the acreage planted in Dakota will almost\\nequal that planted to corn in one-half the states of the Union. Corn is\\nnow a leading crop with the farmers of every county in the southern and\\ncentral portion of the Territory, of the Black Hills, and is raised in con-\\nsiderable quantities even in the counties of the north, especially in the\\ncounties bordering on the Missouri river.\\nEach year witnesses the widening of the corn belt in Dakota, and the\\ngradual conversion of the farmers of the most northerly localities to the\\nbelief, because of actual results, that corn can be grown anywhere in the\\nTerritory.\\nThe extraordinarv increase of the corn acreage and product will be bet-\\nter understood by a study of the following exhibit:\\nCORN CROP.\\nBushels.\\n1860\\n1\\n20,269\\n1870\\nSB\\n133,140\\n1880\\nHmm\\n2,000,864\\n188.1\\n7,800,593\\n18=7\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a024,511,726\\nThe yield of corn for 1887, as stated above, is the report of several hun-\\ndred correspondents, including farmers, merchants, and other leading\\ncitizens, representing every county of the Territory.\\nThe acreage and yield was obtained by counties, and for^each an aver-\\nage was taken of several different estimates covering the same locality.\\nWhenever it could be done the crop statistics were compared with the\\nassessors returns for the year.\\nThe result of these compilations shows an area planted in corn, in 18S7,\\nof 608,807 acres, yielding a crop of 24,511,726 bushels, or an average yield\\nfor the Territory of forty bushels to the acre.\\nThe estimates in the past of the Department of Agriculture regarding\\nthe crops of the Territory cannot be relied upon for accuracy. We have\\nshown that the Commissioner, in his report for 1886, gave the area sown\\nto wheat in Dakota below what it actually was; but with corn, his figures,\\nare altogether too high.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 97\\nFrom careful estimates, verified in every instance by reliable and intel-\\nligent citizens of each county it is learned that the area in corn in Dakota\\nin 1886 was 400,640 acres, or, about 262,000 acres less than was published\\nby the Commissioner of Agriculture.\\nIn the three years from 1884, the corn crop of Dakota has more than\\ntrebled in quantity, with the certainty of constantly increasing, in the\\nfuture, this established ratio of progress.\\nDakota in 1887 raised more corn than the entire product in 1886 of\\neither the state of New York, Minnesota, Maryland, South Carolina, New\\nJersey, Louisiana, West Virginia, California, or seventeen other of the\\nstates and territories.\\nThe crop was planted in good season under extremely favorable cir-\\ncumstances and had the advantage throughout the growing months,\\nof weather especially suited for the growing of maize. The ears are un-\\nusually large, filled out to the very tips and, as regards quality, cannot\\nbe excelled by the corn growing in any state in the Union.\\nThe entire crop has matured without the slightest damage from frost or\\nthe ravages of insects and is declared by the farmers everywhere, of the\\nBlack Hills, of the south and central sections of the Territory and of coun-\\nties in the very north to have furnished a better general average of con-\\ndition, of yield and of profit, than was ever before realized from any farm\\nproduct, of an equal investment.\\nOf the quality of the corn raised in Dakota, the same is true as has been\\nsaid of the quality of our wheat. It is extremely rich in albuminoids and\\nnitrogen (the nourishing properties) and in this respect is above the\\naverage of corn grown in the states, and the general average of the com-\\nposition of American corn.\\nThe following table is copied from page 87, report of U. S. Department\\nof Agriculture, 1884, and is the result of an analysis by the chemist of the\\nDepartment of 290 different specimens of corn:\\nAVERAGE COMPOSITION OF AMERICAN CORN.\\nLocality\\nDakota\\nNew York\\nIllinois\\nMinnesota\\nNebraska\\nColorado\\nCalifornia\\nAmerica, 1883\\nAlbuminoids. Nitrogen.\\n10.75\\n1.72\\n10.54\\n1.69\\n10.06\\n1.61\\n10.07\\n1.61\\n10.47\\n1.68\\n9.89\\n1.58\\n10.26\\n1.64\\n10.31\\n1.65\\nThere seem to be in Dakota, the right composition of soil and the\\nproper tempering of the climate necessary to grow farm products of ex-\\ntreme richness.\\nMr. Clifford Richardson, chemist of the U. S. Department of Agricul-\\nture, report for 1885, says that the result of several years of scientific and\\n(4)", "height": "4209", "width": "2487", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98 KESOUKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nchemical study leads to the conclusion that the yield of corn in the South\\nis far inferior to that of the North, that a warm climate and a long period\\nof growth, while producing a large kernel, tends to give a gross plant with\\nbut few ears and that while the size of the kernel of corn grown in the\\nSouth is twice as large as that grown in the North the yield per acre\\nis less.\\nProf. Witcher, of the New Hampshire State College, asserts that fifteen\\ntons of fodder of Northern varieties, will equal twenty -five tons of the\\nSouthern varieties of field corn, in nutriment.\\nCorn planted on freshly broken sod invariably yields a fair crop, with-\\nout cultivation. Sod corn is usually planted by dropping the seed in the\\nfurrow when breaking, and covering by turning the next furrow over it,\\nor, with a sod hand planter between the furrows, after the breaking is\\nfinished. Sod planted in this way frequently produces twenty-five to\\nthirty bushels of good corn to the acre.\\nCorn on old ground is planted during the months of April and May, is\\nnever hoed, but is cultivated several times during the season with a sulky\\ncultivator.\\nThe dent or flint varieties are found to do the best, and yields of from\\nsixty to one hundred bushels to the acre have been reported.\\nIn many of the older counties corn is the chief farm product, fields of\\nwhich, hundreds of acres in extent, are seen on every hand, and reports\\nof yields, this season, of as high as 100 bushels to the acre are common.\\nWith corn an assured crop, the raising of hogs has become an important\\nand profitable branch of farming in Dakota. Alrtady several of the\\nlarge cities have extensive pork-packing establishments in operation, and\\nanother season will see a large increase in the number of these institu-\\ntions.\\nIf one-third of the land in Dakota, (33,000,000 acres) was sown to wheat\\nand raised fourteen bushels to the acre, it would result in a crop of 4G2,-\\n000,000 bushels, or more than the entire yield of the United States\\nfor 1886.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 99\\nFLAX.\\nThe culture of flax iu Dakota is barely in its infancy as compared with\\nthe interest that will be devoted to this crop in the future when capital\\nshall have built up within the Territory, manufactories to utilize the seed\\nand the fibre. At present, owing to a lack of such industries, it is grown\\nprincipally for the seed, and the fibre or straw is burned or wasted.\\nFlax and sod corn are usually the first crops raised on new land. They\\ncan be sown on the freshly turned sod with a reasonable assurance of a\\ngood yield under any circumstances. Flax is one of the best subduers\\nthat can be grown on the sod, and places the ground in excellent condi-\\ntion for working the next season, for any kind of a crop.\\nPlanted in this way it yields, ordinarily, from seven to fifteen bushels\\nper acre, and in many instances, a single crop has paid for the land, in ad-\\ndition to the cost of breaking and planting.\\nFlax does exceedingly well on old ground, and one great advantage of\\nthe crop is that it can be put in late in the season as late as the latter\\npart of June after the crowding work of the spring is out of the way.\\nThe culture of flax, to any extent, is confined to the district south of\\nthe Northern Pacific railway, and the larger crops are reported from the\\ncounties of the southern and central portions of the Territory. Even\\nthere, it seems to be confined to distinct localities; farmers in some com-\\nmunities running almost entirely to flax, while in others they show a de-\\ncided aversion to having anything to do wuth it.\\nThe flax crop of the Territory in 1879, amounted to 26,757 bushels; in\\n1884, to 2,282,788 bushels; in 1885, to 2,916,983 bushels, and in 1886 to\\n3,844,323 bushels.\\nFrom careful estimates based on a large number of reports, represent-\\ning every county, the acreage sown to flax in the Territory this season was\\n412,741 acres, and the yield amounted to 3,910,944 bushels, or an average\\nyield of over nine bushels to the acre.\\nEfforts are being put forth by many cities within the flax area, to build\\nup flax mills, paper and cordage manufactories efforts which are bound\\nto succeed sooner or later, because of the great profit that would ensue to\\nthe farmer in raising the crop, could he find a market at home for the seed\\nand straw, and because of the success awaiting the manufacturer, who\\nwill fill the demand already existing in the Territory for such products as", "height": "4208", "width": "2480", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nare manufactured from, flax seed and flax straw. For the immense quan-\\ntities of linseed oil, paints, oil-cake, straw-paper, cloth, twine, (especially\\nthat which is used for saving the wheat crop,) and other articles manufac-\\ntured from flax, annually consumed in Dakota, we now pay a tribute to\\nfarmers and manufacturers abroad, which is justly due the people of our\\nTerritory. The introduction of flax mills will add a new source of wealth\\nto Dakota, and furnish a wonderful impetus to the growing, by our farmers,\\nof one of the most profitable crops.\\nAs has been said, flax is grown in Dakota solely, we might say, for the\\nseed, while in Ireland, the plant is raised for the fibre, from which the\\nfamous Irish linen and other fabrics are made. Our method of threshing\\nbreaks up the fibre and renders it useless.\\nThis office has received a letter from San Francisco, describing a ma-\\nchine, the use of which for threshing flax will not only secure the seed\\nbut also save the straw uninjured, a matter it would be well for our flax\\ngrowers to consider. The manufacturer says that in his machine the\\nbundle of flax is dropped in the thresher where it is stripped of its seed\\nbolls, the seed delivered clean in sacks, and the sheaf conveyed from the\\nmachine with the straw uninjured, and in condition to be used for textile\\npurposes. It is to be hoped that some of our enterprising citizens will\\ninvestigate the adaptability of the new machine to saving the fibre of the\\nflax cron of Dakota, and thus render valuable a product which is now dis-\\ncarded by the farmers.\\nThe raising of flax has caused the building of numerous oil mills in the\\nstates of Minnesota and Iowa, there being a dozen or more in Iowa\\nalone. One of the largest oil mills in the United States, is located at Sioux\\nCity, and is supplied, to a great extent, with flax grown in-southeastern\\nDakota. It finds a ready market for all the oil and oil-cake it can make\\nthe sales of its product being limited only by the capacity of the mill.\\nThe carrying out of the plans already undertaken for the building of a\\nnumber of mills and manufactories in various parts of the Territory, will\\ninsure a home consumption of the farmers crop of flax.\\nTow-mills haTe been established at the following points, viz. Scotland,\\nBrookings, Madison, Wentworth, Canton, Egan, and Vilas. The past\\nseason has been a profitable one for the manufacturers of flax-tow, and\\nthe few tow-mills now in operation have met with great success.\\nThe price of straw ran so high as four dollars per ton with a great scarcity\\nat that price. Some of the mills were compelled to shut down early\\nbecause of the exhaustion of the supply of straw in their vicinity.\\nThe establishments for the manufacture of tow will be more than doubled\\nbefore the close of another year.\\nIt is claimed that this soil gives the fibre of the flax a superiority over\\nthat raised in other sections.\\nYankton has a linseed oil mill, and another is talked of at Scotland, Bon\\nHomme county.\\nA paint manufactory is in operation at AVatertown, Codington county.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n101\\nOATS, RYE, BARLEY, .AND BUCKWHEAT.\\nThese grains are cultivated throughout the Territory with great success,\\nand attain a size and solidity of berry elsewhere unknown. The adapta-\\ntion of the soil and climate to the growing of these, as of all cereals, is\\nmanifested in the perfection of the grain and the large yield of the crops.\\nThis is especially true of oats, which returns a yield ranging from sixty\\nto ninety bushels, weighing from forty to forty-four pounds. This office\\nhas a report, in one instance, of the extraordinary yield of 115 bushels to\\nthe acre.\\nRye returns a good yield, averaging from thirty-five to fifty bushels per\\nacre, and weighing fifty-six to sixty-two pounds to the bushel. The berry\\nis unusually hard, full and heavy.\\nRYE CROP.\\nBushels.\\nI860\\n1\\n70,)\\n1880\\nBHSi\\n24,359\\ni8S5 m\\nUS 196.750\\n1887 ^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0BHBH^HBBgHl 316,586\\nBarley yields from thirty-eight to forty-eight bushels to the acre, weigh-\\ning from forty-five to fifty-four pounds to the bushel.\\nBARLEY CROP.\\nBushels.\\nI860\\n1870\\n1\\n4,118\\nJ 880\\nn\\n277,424\\nno oo\\noo\\n1.\\n2,170,0.i9\\nThe following tables exhibit the yield of oats and buckwheat for a num-\\nber of years:\\nOATS CROP.\\nBushels.\\nI860\\n1\\n2.540\\n18,0\\nH9B\\n114,327\\nISM)\\n2,217,132\\n1885\\nm 22,970,098", "height": "4201", "width": "2510", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "102\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nBUCKWHEAT CROP.\\nBushels.\\nI860\\n1\\n115\\n1870\\n179\\n1880\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0H\\n2,521\\n1885\\nIS 51,466\\n97,230\\nThe acreage and yield of these crops, for the season of 1887, is ascer-\\ntained from assessors reports and other sources, to have been as follows:\\nAcres. Bushels.\\nOats\\nRye...\\nBarley\\nBuckwheat\\n1,172,289 43,267,478\\n17,559 316,586\\n235,155 6,400,568\\n5,749 97,230\\nDo not hesitate to write to this office for an answer to any question you\\nmay desire to ask about Dakota. If the pamphlets mailed you do not\\ncontain a reply to all your inquiries, or, if you are still in doubt about the\\nclimate, the productiveness of the soil, the rainfall, the vacant lands, or\\nanything else upon which hinges your move Westward, write to the Com-\\nmissioner of Immigration, Pierre, Dakota, and your letter will be cheer-\\nfully answered.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n103\\nTABLE SHOWING THE OATS CROP OF DAKOTA IN 1886,\\nIu comparison with each statu and territory of the Union.\\nRank. istaiLi.\\n45 WYOMING,\\n44 RHODE ISLAND,\\n4: NEVADA.\\n42 LOUISIANA,\\n86,000\\n184,000\\n250,000\\n361,000\\n41\\n4C[\\n39_\\n3JT\\n37\\n36~\\n35^\\n34_\\n3Y\\n32\\n3~f\\noO\\n29~\\n38~\\n2b\\n25_\\n34_\\n23\\nFLORIDA.\\nDELAWARE,\\nNEW MEXICO,\\nMASSACHUSETTS,\\nUTAH.\\nIDAHO,\\nNEW HAMPSH1\\nCONNECTICUT,\\nCOLORADO,\\nMONTANA,\\nCALIFORNIA.\\nMARYLAND,\\nMAINE.\\nWEST VIRGINIA,\\nWASHINGTON TER..\\nMISSISSIPPI,\\nSOUTH CAROL!\\nNEW JERSEY\\nVERMONT,\\nA LA ISAM A\\nARKANSA!\\n489,000\\n492,000\\n528,000\\n738,000\\n858,000\\n1,078, 0^0\\n1,081.000\\n1,123,000\\n1,591,000\\n1,987,000\\n3,317,000\\n2,470,000\\n2,701*000\\n2,803.000\\n3, 126, 000\\n4,749.000\\n5,102,000\\n5,301,000\\n6,276,000\\n7.9:39.000\\ns. 577, 000\\n10,219.000\\n11,369,000\\n18,521.000\\n20,651,000\\n21,865,000\\n25,516,090\\n30,577,000\\n31,798.000\\n317850,000\\n37,759. 000\\n656, 000\\n40 223.000\\n40,735,000\\n-.S 454 000\\n1 03,649 000", "height": "4219", "width": "2509", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "104 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVEGETABLES.\\nThe quality and quantity of the yield of vegetables of all kinds, grown\\nin Dakota, cannot be excelled in any portion of the United States. Pota-\\ntoes grow very large in size, a single potato sometimes weighing as much\\nas six pounds, are uniformally sound, very mealy and conceded to equal\\nthose grown in Colorado or any of the states of the Union. They yield\\nfrom 150 to 500 bushels per acre.\\nOnions are a prolific and sure crop, growing to an enormous size, and\\nyield from 400 to 800 bushels per acre.\\nTurnips, peas, beets, beans, parsnips, carrots, squash, Cabbage, cauli-\\nflower, egg-plant, lettuce, radishes, melons, and all the field and garden\\nvegetables are raised without more than the usual effort. All kinds of\\nroot-crops do well on sod, especially turnips and rutabagas.\\nTurnips are usually sown in May or June rutabagas may be sown as\\nlate as July and will produce a good crop.\\nFor stock the mangel-wurzel is a very profitable root crop, is an enor-\\nmous yielder and can be raised as easily as rutabagas.\\nThere never has been a season in Dakota when the crop of vegetables\\nsurpassed in yield or quality the growth of this year (1887). Potatoes,,\\ncabbage, beets, squash, turnips, in fact everything in the vegetable line,,\\nhave yielded in a manner to surprise even those accustomed to the re-\\nmarkable, from this prolific soil. Visitors to the annual Territorial Fairs\\nat Grand Forks and Mitchell were astonished, more perhaps, at the dis-\\nplay of mammoth vegetables, than at any other exhibit. Here one found\\ncabbage, each head of which weighed from thirty to forty pounds; squash,\\nas large as giant pumpkins, and these latter (numpkins) weighing over\\n200 pounds potatoes, a half dozen of which would fill a half-bushel meas-\\nure; beets six inches in diameter and three feet and more in length and\\nso on through the list.\\nThe potato crop of this season is one of the best ever gathered. The yield\\nis large and the quality unexcelled. For the first time almost in the\\nhistory of the Territory there will be a very large surplus for exportation", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "KESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 1C5\\nand car-load shipments are now being made where, before, the crop\\nhas been insufficient for home demand.\\nPOTATO CROP.\\nBus/u /s.\\n18(50 9,489\\n1870 m J 50,177\\n18S0_^ HBpHi 664,086\\n1885 W B m m SSImsaBsmsB 3,868,860\\nThe figures for 1886 and 1887, if available, would show the same aston-\\nishing ratio of an increased product for the past two seasons as occurred be-\\ntween the years of 1880 and 1885, the potato crop of 1885 being nearly six\\ntimes larger than that of 1880; but a complete record of the crop statistics\\nof the Territory for 1886 and 1887 is not obtainable, as much as the fact\\nis to be regretted.\\nThe United States census returns for the years 1860, 1870 and 1880 fur-\\nnish reliable information regarding the crops of the Territory for the\\nseasons preceding those dates, and a census of Dakota taken in 1885, with\\nall the safeguards against fraud which any Federal census possesses, shows\\nthe yield of the different crops for 1884. For the leading cereals, such as\\ncorn, wheat, oats, etc., the annual reports of the Department of Agricul-\\nture, Washington, have been taken as giving the only attainable estimates\\nfor the years since the Territorial census of 1885.\\nThe crop estimates for 1887, where given, are compiled from several\\nhundred reports of farmers, merchants and reliable citizens, represent-\\ning each county of the Territory. The acreage and yield were reported\\nby counties, there being several estimates in each instance for the same\\ncounty, and the figures adopted by this office were obtained by striking\\nan average of these different reports. This result was still further veri-\\nfied by a comparison with the assessors returns for the year wherever\\nthey had been furnished. It is believed that the estimates of the acre-\\nage and yield of the crops of 1887, as published in the preceding pages,\\nare reliable and accurate.\\nThe comparative statements of the preceding pages, showing the enor-\\nmous increase in the yield and value of the farm products of Dakota,\\nduring the short period of her settlement, are extremely interesting, and\\na most convincing proof of her certain supremacy among the agricultural\\ndistricts of the Nation.", "height": "4201", "width": "2471", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "106 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nHOPS.\\nHops of a superior quality grow wild along the James and Missouri\\nrivers and on the low lands of the Black Hills, and yield a large and regu-\\nlar crop.\\nProf. Walter P. Jenney, (U. S. geological survey, Black Hills,) in speak-\\ning of the fertility of the soil, says: Wild hops attain a rank and luxu-\\nriant growth in the bottom lands along the streams, and the soil and cli-\\nmate seem to be remarkably well suited to the growth of this plant.\\nThere is certainly no reason why the growing of hops should not be-\\ncome an important industry in Dakota.\\nThe territory of the United States where hops are successfully grown,\\nis very limited. A district in New York, for a radius of about forty miles,\\nwith Cooperstown, Otsego county, as its center, forms more than one-\\nhalf of such territory, east of the Rockies; the only other places being\\nthree of the northwestern counties of New York, small portions of Ver-\\nmont and Michigan, and parts of Wisconsin.\\nOn the Pacific coast the production of hops has increased from 15,000\\nbales, in 1880, to 70,000 bales in 1881.\\nThe fact of hops of good quality growing wild along the streams of Da-\\nkota, is an assurance that the climate and soil are peculiarly fitted for the\\nproduction of this valuable crop. This, together with the knowledge of\\nthe fortunes made by the hop-growers of the East, should be sufficient\\ninducement for our farmers to give their attention to the subject.\\nThe entire population of the United States, sixty million people, could\\nbe settled in Dakota and have an acre and a half of ground apiece for\\nelbow room.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 107\\nTIMOTHY, ALFALFA, BLUE-GRASS, ETC.\\nThe native grasses of Dakota are yet abundant and nutritious, and the\\nmass of farmers depend almost entirely on prairie hay for forage for stock.\\nBut the time may come when the supply of wild hay will prove insuffi-\\ncient, and it is well to inquire whether the tame grasses can be grown on\\nDakota soil.\\nDr. C. E. Bessey, of the University of Nebraska, in a recent communi-\\ncation to the Prairie Farmer, furnishes pome interesting remarks in regard\\nto the cultivation on the Western plains, of clover, timothy, alfalfa and\\nother forage plants. He says:\\nNot only on the prairies, but away up the great slope of the plains,\\nare the old grasses and clovers grown, and grown with great success and\\nprofit. Away up under the 100th meridian, timothy is now grown with\\nexcellent success. No one need question whether timothy is adaDted to\\nthe plains. Upon the lower plains it will grow to as great a size as upon\\nthe meadows of the Eastern farms. Upon the prairies wherever the soil\\nis moist, red-top may be successfully grown.\\nThere is no doubt that upon the low lands bordering the principal\\nstreams, red-top will be extensively cultivated.\\nContrary to the expectations of many a farmer from the East, expe-\\nrience has shown the grass to be an excellent one for pasture in the coun-\\ntry west of the Mississippi river. Of course, no one should depend upon\\nit for hay; no one should ask it to bring him a hay crop. Blue-grass is\\neminently a pasture grass, and for this, when in its perfection, it stands\\nunrivaled.\\nOriginally it was taken for granted that red clover would not do well\\nupon the soil of the plains, and few trials to grow T it w r ere ever made. The\\nexperience of those who were bold enough to make a trial, has shown\\nthat red clover is as much at home upon the plains as upon any of the\\nEastern soils. There can no longer be any doubt as to the adaptability of\\nred clover to the soil and climate of the plains. White clover, while not\\nextensively sown purposely, is appearing in many parts of the region\\nwest of the Mississippi river, and even beyond the Missouri river. It", "height": "4185", "width": "2475", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nappears to do fully as well upon the soil of the plains, and without doubt,\\nit will eventually be found throughout the whole of the great plain region.\\nTimothy is grown by many farmers of the Territory, and universally\\nwith success. A farmer says of his experience in growing timothy on Da-\\nkota soil:\\nIn the spring of 1884, I sowed about an acre of timothy on sod-break-\\ning, with wheat, sowing about twelve quarts of seed just before harrow-\\ning the last time. The grass came up that season and made a good growth\\nwith the wheat. The season of 1885, the timothy grew to a good height,\\nand I cut it with the binder and threshed it for seed. The season of 1886\\nwas very dry, as all know, and I supposed my timothy was killed, but not\\nso; this spring (1887), it was growing nicely. This was sown on ground\\nthat was never backset and has passed through the dryest season we have\\nhad. If timothy will stand such a test with the chance this has had,\\nthere is certainly no doubt of its doing well in Dakota wherever planted.\\nAlfalfa is one of the most valuable of the forage plants and produces\\nenormous crops. It has not been cultivated to any extent on the prairies\\nand plains, excepting in California and those parts of the West contiguous\\nto the Rocky mountains. It is a clover particularly well adapted to the\\nsoil and climate of Dakota, and a forage upon which hogs and stock will\\ngrow and put on flesh all summer, without grain. The plant sends out a\\nlong tap-root, striking deep into the soil in search of moisture. Dry\\nweather in nowise affects its growth, and once firmly rooted it is impossi-\\nble for a drouth to kill this grass.\\nA farmer in Brule county, Dakota, says he has tried planting alfalfa on\\nDakota soil and that it grows beyond all expectations. He reports hav-\\ning plucked on the 15th of April this season, a sprig of alfalfa with twenty-\\nfive full, unfolded leaves and five inches high.\\nFor an experiment, says a Richland county stock-grower, I had an\\nacre put down to alfalfa last year, seed put in the ground on the 15th of\\nJune, was cut twice and grazed down closely just before freezing up. The\\nlocation is an exposed one, and the soil light and sandy; it has taken all\\nof last season s and this spring s wind, and some of the young shoots this\\nspring were buried fully six inches in sand. It could not have been given\\na harder test, even by taking especial pains to kill it out, and we have\\nabout one-half acre of it, of as rank, rich growth as could be wished\\nfor; the other half is thin and scattering, but may yet come forward in\\ngood shape, for, once well-rooted, I find it hard to kill. I intend giving it\\na second trial this season, and will put in about five acres more. We feel\\nquite confident that we can grow it surely and profitably, on our sandy\\nsoil, and in doing so remove other obstacles in the way of cheap cattle\\nproduction, i. e., the want of early and late green feed.\\nA farmer of Pennington county, in the Black Hills, states that he has\\nexperimented, in a small way, with the growing of alfalfa, and with the\\nmost satisfactory results. The alfalfa has been cut four times during\\nthe season, yielding at the rate of eight tons of hay to the acre.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 109;\\nBlue-grass lawns are quite common in the counties of sufficient age to\\nhave steadied down into efforts other than breaking the sod and the usual\\nwork attending the building up of a new country.\\nThere is not the least doubt that blue-grass will grow anywhere in\\nDakota, by exerting the care and attention required elsewhere to intro-\\nduce this beautiful lawn grass; in fact, it may be said to grow with less\\neffort, for ever since the year that General Custer camped at Yankton, in\\n1873, there has been a heavy growth of blue-grass on the old camp-ground.\\nA great many of the Yankton people remove the sod and transplant it to\\ntheir yards, where it thrives admirably. It is supposed Custer s com-\\nmand carried baled blue-grass for forage, and the seed scattered in feed-\\ning the horses took root, and each year since, more seed has scattered,\\nthus keeping up the supply.\\nAt Yankton, Elk Point, Sioux Falls, Fargo, Grand Forks and other\\ncities of several years growth, pretty lawns of rich-colored blue-grass are\\ncommon.\\nHungarian and millet can be grown in Dakota with as little difficulty as\\nattends the raising of these hay crops in the East.\\nA Codington county farmer, last year, sowed thirty acres with Hunga-\\nrian and millet, and raised 510 bushels of millet seed and 170 bushels of\\nHungarian seed. From this crop he sold $200 worth of hay, and fed at\\nleast thirty tons to his stock. He made more on the millet and Hungar-\\nian seed than on eighty acres of wheat.\\nFollowing is the experience of a farmer in Flyde county with millet:\\nMy first experience in Dakota with millet was in 84. Having half a\\nbushel of seed, (the common kind,) that I brought from Michigan the\\nyear before, I concluded to try it on sod. Accordingly, I prepared the\\nground and sowed the seed the 20th of June. It being dry for a time\\nafterward the stand was poor. I let it stand until ripe and cut it for seed,\\ngetting a little over two bushels from the whole.\\nThe next year I sowed that seed over four and one-half acres of\\nground that had been plowed twice (beside the breaking). The ground\\nwas mellow and smooth, and the seed sown with the seeder, by shutting\\nit off as tight as possible. In this way it sowed nearly one-half bushel\\nvery evenly over an acre. The seeder was followed by the planker, which\\nleft the ground smooth for the mower.\\nA heavy rain, a day or two after sowing, brought it up nicely, but\\nthree weeks of dry weather afterward stunted it some; but the heavy\\nrains that followed through harvest of that year gave it a fine growth.\\nThis piece yielded twelve large loads of hay, besides fifty-six square rods\\nof the piece being saved for seed, and which yielded twelve bushels of\\nplump seed. Those twelve loads, with a few bushels of oats, fed the work-\\nhorses through the fall and kept the same through the winter, until March\\n1st, with no grain at all. They have never done better than they did on\\nthat ration.", "height": "4219", "width": "2488", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "110 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nIt should be cut while in blow, or before, the seed is much more than\\nformed, as the ripe seed seems to have a bad effect, if too much is eaten\\nat once. It requires considerable time to cure, as it is so green and heavy\\nwhen cut. It will do well if put into large cocks, after being sufficiently\\ndried in the winrow, and let stand a few days.\\nIt is easily damaged by rain, and should be well put up and well\\nstacked. The time for sowing is any time in June, though it may be sown\\nearlier or later and do well. It needs warm, moist weather to do its best.\\nFrom three pecks to a bushel of seed per acre is about right for hay,\\nand half a bushel for seed.\\nThe German millet is highly recommended as being large and yield-\\ning more than the common kind, but is coarser and needs to be sown very\\nthick.\\nMany farmers believe millet and Hungarian a more profitable crop than\\ntimothy.\\nNATIVE HAY.\\nThe prairie hay crop in Dakota is a voluntary contribution of wealth by\\nnature almost equaling in value, that of the cultivated farm products. A\\nlarge yield of native hay, of excellent quality can always be depended\\nupon. There never has been in the history of the Territory a complete\\ndisappointment ef the annual profits to the farmer and stock grower, de-\\nrived from this crop, although during some seasons, the growth of the\\nprairie grasses may be heavier and ranker, and the number of tons of\\nhay gathered from an acre of ground, more, than others. This season the\\nnative hay crop is one of the best ever secured by the farmer and the\\namount in the stack is perhaps double that of the crop of last year. An\\nunusual activity was displayed by our farmers in hay-making, because of\\nthe well known shortage of the crop in neighboring states and thou-\\nsands of tons have been harvested for export. There is a number of\\ncounties where the wealth flowing in from the sale of wild hay for\\nshipment, a crop requiring only the labor of cutting and stacking, will\\nbear no mean proportion to the amount received from products necessi-\\ntating a season s toil accompanied by all the doubts and uncertainties of\\nthe farmer s vocation.\\nFollowing is an exhibit of the hay crop (prairie hay) of the Territory\\nfor four seasons:\\nHAY CROP.\\nTons.\\n18607 855\\n1870\\n1 527,987\\nThe hay crop of 1887 will exceed 2,500,000 tons.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "KESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. Ill\\nSORGHUM\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUGAR BEETS.\\nThe amount of sugar annually imported, and consumed in the United\\nStates and the tax paid by our citizens in the way of a protective tariff on\\nthis commodity is a revelation to those who have never investigated the\\nsubject. The value of the sugar and molasses imported into America last\\nyear, was $76,746,461, or, a little less than one-fifth of the entire dutiable\\nimports of 18S6; exceeding in value, by almost double that of any other\\nprotected article of commerce. America paid out for duty on last year s\\nimports of sugar and molasses 851,778,948, while the duty on all our im-\\nports of wool, and manufactures of, amounted to only $32,000,000; on\\niron and steel, and manufactures of, \u00c2\u00a714,600,000, and on silk, but 114,000,000.\\nThis fact is the more startling when it is known that every dollar of the\\nsum annually sent abroad, for the purchase of sugar, which in 1886\\namounted to 876,746,461, and of this indirect tax, making a total of $128,-\\n525,409 should be distributed among our farmers and manufacturers at\\nhome\\nThe manufacture of sugar from the sugar beet has for many years been\\na leading industry of France while in America with millions of acres of\\ncheap land especially adapted to the growing of this tuber, farmer and\\nmanufacturer, both, have given but little attention to so great an oppor-\\ntunity for amassiag wealth. Sugar is an article of necessity for which\\nthere will always be a constant and certain demand. This one article of\\nfood supply is costing us, in cash paid to other nations and in duty\\ncharges, a sum equivalent to one-half the value of the entire wheat crop\\nof the Union. Here then is an opening for our farmers, for our enter-\\nprising citizens, which will insure a return of wealth far exceeding in\\nprofit that of any industry now engaging their attention.\\nThere is no crop grown on the soil of Dakota with more certainty of\\nprolific yields than vegetables, especially beets. With proper investiga-\\ntion, study and effort, our farmers could be brought to rival those of\\nEurope as regards the production of sugar beets, and the entire sugar\\nsupply of America furnished by the manufactories of Dakota.\\nThen there is the sorghum industry. The soil and climate of the Ter-", "height": "4201", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nritory unite in the most favorable of conditions for the raising of sorghum.\\nThis is not a theoretical statement, but a fact demonstrated by the large\\nyields, each season, of cane of a most excellent quality, although the\\narea sown has been small and the product utilized the juice or syrup\\nonly.\\nThat sorghum can be profitably employed in the manufacturing of\\nsugar there is no longer the least doubt. During the past few years the\\nindustry has been carried on at two or more points in Kansas, under the\\nsupervision and control of the United States Department of Agriculture,\\nand Commissioner Coleman has recently published an official statement\\ndeclaring in positive terms the success of the undertaking.\\nThe Commissioner says: The addition to the agricultural wealth and\\nresources of Kansas will be enormous. The establishment of the sugar\\ninterest in Kansas gives a market value of $2 a ton to sorghum cane, a\\nplant that grows in Kansas almost without care and with quite as much\\ncertainty as grass. At Fort Scott we talked with the cane growers unload-\\ning at the factory. One man had sold from fifteen acres 200 tons of orange\\ncane for $400. From eighteen acres he had sold 231 tons of amber cane\\nfor $462. This was nearly fourteen tons to the acre, but taking twelve\\ntons to the acre as the average, and this is $24, or equivalent at the\\naverage price of corn in Kansas to seventy-two bushels of corn, involv-\\ning twice the labor that is required to raise an acre of sorghum. Any\\nfarmer can make figures on this basis.\\nTo every ton of cane, aside from the sugar in it, there are some ten or\\ntwelve gallons of molasses, and also the seed raised upon the cane,\\namounting to 25 bushels per acre, which is just as good for feeding all\\nkinds of stock as Indian corn.\\nThis is an industry which should demand the immediate attention of\\nthe farmers of Dakota. Our soil will produce from twelve to fifteen tons\\nof sorghum to the acre, yielding a hundred pounds of sugar to the ton of\\ncane, and, used in this w r ay, Commissioner Coleman extends a profit to\\nthe farmer of $6 per ton, or say, $90 to the acre.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 113\\nFRUIT CULTURE.\\nLong ago in those sections of the Territory, around Yankton, Vermil-\\nlion, Sioux Falls, Canton, Scotland, and other localities where farming\\noperations are a matter of some age, the question of raising fruit was set-\\ntled satisfactorily, and during the past three years the conviction has be-\\ngun to dawn on the minds of the people living in the newer counties\\nfurther north, that the lack of fruit trees and shrubs growing about the\\nfarm yard, was the result of their own neglect and want of faith, rather\\nthan because of any difficulties attending the propagation of fruit on the\\nprairies. At first, a few planted fruit trees as an experiment; wherever\\nthe trees were well cared for, a good, bearing orchard was the result, and\\nserved as a convincing argument to doubting neighbors.\\nAn unusually large number of fruit trees have been planted within the\\npast two years. Each succeeding year will witness an increasing interest\\nin the raising of home-grown fruits, and a widening of the area now sup-\\nposed to be adapted to fruit- culture.\\nWild fruits, such as plums, grapes, choke-cherries, buffalo-berries, grow\\nin abundance along the banks, and cover the islands of the Missouri and\\nother streams. These wild shrubs bear in profusion a delicious fruit,\\nplump and of good size, which is eagerly sought for by the house-wives for\\ncanning and preserving. Experiments made in cultivating these wild\\nvarieties have succeeded well. In the Black Hills there is an abundance\\nof wild fruits of great, variety. Prof. Jenney, who visited this region in\\n1875, under authority of the Secretary of the Interior, to report on its cli-\\nmate and resources, says:\\nThe fruits found growing wild in the Black Hills are an evidence\\nof the adaptability of the country for raising the more valuable\\ncultivated varieties, and hence I propose to consider the wild fruits\\nwhich are found in this region much more in detail than they would\\notherwise deserve. The most useful is the red raspberry, which was\\nfound in large patches in the vicinity of Terry Peak, at an elevation of\\n6,500 feet above the sea. The plant is rather dwarfish in size, the bearing\\ncanes being about two feet high, and August 15th, were loaded with deli-", "height": "4201", "width": "2504", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ncious fruit, resembling very closely the cultivated variety Knerit s\\ngiant in size, flavor and productiveness. A variety of black gooseberry\\nwas abundant on the western side of the Hills. The fruit was of a pleas-\\nant acid flavor, and of good size, only differing from the ordinary Western\\nwild gooseberry in being blue-black in color, instead of dark red. Sev-\\neral species of currants, including the black, red, and fetid varieties were\\noccasionally seen, but are valueless. The wild, Western strawberry grows\\nthroughout the Hills. It is a very shy bearer, and the fruit is deficient in\\nflavor. The bunchberry or cornel (cornus Canadensis), was found in the\\nextreme northern part of the Hills. I have never seen it elsewhere, ex-\\ncept in Maine and Nova Scotia. Service berries (amelanchier Canaden-\\nsis), were quite plenty on Spring and Rapid creeks, in July. The com-\\nmon wild, red plum grows in patches among the foot hills along the bot-\\ntoms of the ravines. The fruit was ripe about September 20th. The only\\nvariety of grape noticed was a kind of frost grape, found along the banks\\nof the streams, near the edge of the plains. Quite extensive patches of\\nthe two varieties of hazel nuts were observed in the southeastern part of\\nthe Hills, associated with alder, white birch, iron-wood, white-elm, burr-\\noak, sumac, the poison ivy, the Virginia creeper, and many other plants\\nof wide range and distribution.\\nThe fact of fruits of such a variety, and bearing profusely, growing in all\\nparts of the Territory, is of itself a sufficient guarantee of the adaptability\\nof our climate and soil to fruit culture; but in addition to this, the success\\nattending the efforts of a great number of farmers who have surrounded\\ntheir prairie homes with bearing orchards, shows that fruit culture in Da-\\nkota has passed the experimental stage, and the farmer who is without a\\nsupply of home grown fruit, has but himself to blame.\\nA few statements are added, made by farmers who speak from experi-\\nence in the raising of fruit in the Territory.\\nYankton cunty At our last fair, ninety-two samples of apples grown\\nin Dakota were exhibited, together with a fine display of grapes and\\nplums. Small fruits of all kinds are raised without difficulty, and of ex-\\ncellent quality.\\nTurner count} Two miles south of Hurley, there is a quarter section\\nof land covered with fruit trees, vines and shrubbery, all growing, and\\nmuch of it ladened with fruit. It would be hard to tell how many bushels\\nof fruit of different kinds will be harvested. It would surprise anyone\\nnot acquainted with the fact to visit the place, and it is a sight well worth\\nany person s time and expense, who cares to raise fruit.\\nLincoln county If anyone says that fruit cannot be raised in Dakota,\\nhe had better retract the assertion. Gus Lindeman, who lives about\\nfour miles south of Canton, raised such an enormous crop of apples last\\nseason, that he was compelled to prop up the heavily ladened limbs for\\nfear they would break off. There were several farmers in Lincoln county\\nwho had apples all winter, that were raised on their own soil and planted\\nbv their own hands.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nBon Homme county If any person has doubts about this being a fruit\\ncountry, he is invited to call at this office and inspect a small branch from\\none of Mayor Stafford s Siberian crab-apple trees, and have his doubts dis-\\npelled. The branch contains upwards of sixty perfect apples, and is a\\nfair sample of the trees in the mayor s garden.\\nKingsbury county Mr. A. M. Barker, who has had a good deal of ex-\\nperience in fruit growing savs, that he never had as good success in rais-\\ning apple trees anywhere else as he has had in Dakota. The trees do not\\nblight or winter-kill, and make a rapid growth.\\nM. Pearce My success, and that of others for the last few years, con-\\nvinces me that with the right varieties, properlv taken care of, there are\\nno crops so valuable as the small fruits; but each must be taken care of;\\nnone of them will bear neglect. All require good soil, such as would pro-\\nduce a good crop of corn, and plowed deep and harrowed level. Plant in\\nthe spring when the ground gets warm, say about the 10th of May.\\nBurleigh county Most kinds of garden shrubbery thrive, and fruit bet-\\nter here than in the states. One need only make a trip to the fruit farm\\nof Mr. John Millet, four miles north of Bismarck, to be thoroughly con-\\nvinced of the fact. The visitor can see gooseberries, currants, raspber-\\nries and blackberries growing in full vigor. The canes and shrubbery\\nwere last season so loaded with fruit that they bent to the ground.\\nMinnehaha county Strawberries, raspberries, currants, and all kinds\\nof small fruit are raised here in great abundance, and of unsurpassed\\nquality. Orchards have been established which are astounding even\\ntheir owners by the yields that are secured, and by the evidence that this\\nregion will, in not many years, be as much noted for its apples, and large\\nfruit generally, as it already is for its cereal products.\\nMorton county A farmer who set out a few apple trees in this country,\\nwest of the Missouri river, as an experiment, a few years ago, has a good\\nprospect for fine fruit this year, and is satisfied that nearly all fruits can\\nbe grown successfully here. The strawberries are fully up to those grown\\nin the most favored locations of New Jersey, the strawberry paradise.\\nClay county In the matter of fruit especially, Clay county is pre-em-\\ninently ahead of all other sections. An inspection of several orchards\\nnear Vermillion would be a cause of surprise even to a resident of one of\\nthe other counties who may think he himself has succeeded in fruit cul-\\nture. Apples, crabs, plums and grapes are to be found in great variety,\\nand of healthful growth.\\nAt the last Territorial fair this (Clay) and Turner county had on exhibi-\\ntion a display of fruit which would have been creditable to any state of\\nthe Union. The Clay county exhibit included thirty different varieties\\nof apples alone.\\nL. J. Moore, Richland county I have about fifty bearing apple trees\\nbesides numerous currant bushes and a large strawberry patch, all of\\nwhich have done well considering the fact that I have left them to shift\\nfor themselves.", "height": "4213", "width": "2483", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nButte county While speaking of berries we will say, that strawberries,\\nred raspberries, service berries, two kinds of buffalo berries, besides choke\\ncherries and plums, grow luxuriantly in the Hills; we can see no reason\\nwhy the farmers can not have all the berries they could use if they felt\\ndisposed to cultivate them.\\nPennington county Anyone who imagines that fruit cannot be suc-\\ncessfully grown in this part of the country should visit the nursery of Hale\\nand Thomson on Box Elder creek, five miles north from town, to have\\nsuch impression removed. The nursery this season turned out several\\nthousands of quarts of strawberries, while the currant, gooseberry and\\nraspberry bushes are heavily loaded. The- vineyard gives promise of a\\nfine yield of grapes, the Concord variety showing up particularly well.\\nApple trees of a number of varieties will also yield well this year. As for\\nshade and ornamental trees, there are many thousands of them ranging\\nfrom seedlings to three-year-olds. And it must be remembered that this\\nis a young nursery. What it will be in five years from the present time\\nmay possibly be guessed when the fine growth already made by the stock\\nis known.\\nOther counties make equally as good reports of the success attending\\nfruit culture wherever tried.\\nThe Dakota Farmers Alliance recommends the following varieties of\\nfruit for Dakota:\\nApples Wealthy, Duchess, Tetofsky; and in the Missouri valley as far\\nwest as Bon Homme county, Walbridge, Fameuse, and Haas. Hybrid\\napples: Whitney No. 20, Crab, Transcendent, and Hyslop.\\nu Raspberries Turner and Cuthbert; black raspberries, Gregg, and Doo-\\nlittle.\\nStrawberries Crescent, and Downing.\\nCurrants Victoria, Red Ditch, and White Grape.\\nGooseberries Downing, and Houghton. Early Richmond is recom-\\nmended for trial.\\nPlums De Soto, Forest, and Garden.\\nGrapes Worden, Janes ville, and Concord.\\nThe writer has a vivid recollection of assisting, some twenty years ago,\\nin the planting of the first fruit trees ever grown in a county of a neigh-\\nboring state. At that time it was thought fruit-culture could never suc-\\nceed so far West, and many were the comments volunteered as regards\\nthe folly of the venture.\\nTo-day, that little county makes return of more than a hundred thou-\\nsand thrifty fruit trees, and in 1883 the value of the horticultural products\\nfor the state, amounted to $1,640,525.\\nThe man who is skeptical as regards the raising of fruit in Dakota will\\nlive to see the wonderful success which has attended the efforts of the\\nearly settlers there, repeated in our own grand Territory.\\nThe value of orchard and nursery products for 1880 in the Territory,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 117\\namounted to $156; in 1884 the value had increased to $13,378\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nearly 1,000\\nper cent, in four years.\\nFrom 1884 to the present time, the ratio of increased investment in\\nfruit culture is even greater, but reliable figures are not available.\\nIn many localities the farmers have organized societies to further the\\ninterests of horticulture and forestry, and, in addition, there is a Territo-\\nrial organization, by name the Dakota Horticultural and Forestry Asso-\\nciation, officered as below:\\nPresident, E. DeBell, Sioux Falls; Vice President, G. H. Whitney, Es-\\nmond; Secretary, Mrs. L. A. Alderman, Hurley; Treasurer, A. W. Hayes,\\nParker.\\nThe power which is to mould this Nation and the world lies in the\\nWest. [Bishop Whipple.", "height": "4153", "width": "2471", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTIMBER.\\n*The entire area of the Black Hills is a well wooded country. The\\ndensity of the forests clothing the hill sides have, from their sombre hue\\nwhen viewed from a distance, given the name to this region, the Black\\nHills, by which it is known also in the Indian dialects.\\nThe following trees yield timber in this section: The heavy pine, (pinus\\nponderosa,) often known as yellow or Norway pine, the most abundant\\nand valuable tree in the hills.\\nBlack and white spruce, found among the valleys in the central and\\nnorthern portion of this region, covering a considerable area.\\nBurr-oak, (quercus macrocarpa,) in small groves on the eastern slope,\\nnear the foothills.\\nWhite elm, (ulmus Americana,) associated with the burr-oak, occurs\\nalong the valleys of the streams near the eastern and southeastern foot-\\nhills.\\nAspen, white birch, ash, mulberry, box-elder, (negundo,) iron-wood,\\n(horn beam,) and juniper, grow sparingly in different parts of the Hills,\\nbut are of little comparative value.\\nThe pine forests cover so extensive an area and yield so large a propor-\\ntion of the timber, that all the other trees combined may be neglected in\\ncomparison, though they will be found valuable in the future develop-\\nment of the country.\\nThe Norway pine is a tall, straight tree, free from limbs for one-half its\\nheight from the ground. The wood is white, soft, with a straight, some-\\nwhat coarse grain, free from knots and splitting readily into shakes,\\nshingles, or other similar forms. The sap is more resinous than that of\\nthe white pine, and, in this respect, this variety approaches more nearly\\nthe pitch pine of North Carolina, a tree which it somewhat resembles in\\nits style of growth.\\nOn the bottom lands in the lower valley of French creek, specimens of\\nthis pine were seen that were fully 100 feet in height and would measure\\nthirty-five to forty inches through at the ground. Trees of these large\\nProf. Jenney s report on the resources of the Black Hills.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 119\\ndimensions are, however, rare in the Hills. Timber of from twelve to\\ntwenty-four inches in diameter is common, while extensive tracts are\\ncovered by a dense forest of small, slender pines from fifty to sixty feet\\nhigh, and rarely less than eight, or more than twelve inches through at\\nthe ground.\\nThe pine forests in the Black Hills, where the trees are of mature\\ngrowth and uninjured by wind or fire, furnish good straight saw logs from\\nthirty to fifty feet in length, and very uniform in thickness, with a gradual\\ntaper, averaging in diameter from twelve to twenty inches.\\nOn the elevated portion of the interior of the Hills, especially along the\\nvalleys in the limestone formation, extending from Custer Peak to Floral\\nvalley, and on the headwaters of Rapid, Castle, Elk, Bear, Butte, and\\nSpearfish creeks, two varieties of spruce, resembling the black and white\\nspruce of the Northern states, are quite abundant. The trees are tall,\\ngrowing thickly together, and furnish logs quite uniform in diameter\\nthroughout their whole length.\\nBy careful measurements of the map, the area within the timber line,\\nor outer boundary of the forest at the edge of the plains, is 3,800 square\\nmiles. One-half of this, or 1,900 square miles, is covered by woods, in-\\ncluding the large forests of young trees, as well as the sections of valuable\\ntimber. I estimate that one-fifth of the above area of the Black Hills, or\\nnearly 800 square miles, equal to 500,000 acres, is covered by timber of\\nmerchantable quality, suitable for cutting and sawing into lumber.\\nThis was the condition of the timber area of the Black Hills, when\\nceded by the Indians in 1876, and though the annual demand since, for\\nmining timbers and for lumber, has been quite heavy, a large part of the\\nforest is still remaining. It is estimated that each year in the Hills, more\\nthan twenty-five million feet of pine logs are manufactured into lumber\\nnone of which is exported. Nearly the entire stock of lumber used is\\nmanufactured from the native forests.\\nAlong the Missouri river cottonwood, ash, willow, and box elder timber\\ngrows to a considerable extent, the groves occasionally widening to forests\\nof some magnitude. The islands are invariably densely covered with\\ntrees and shrubs.\\nAround Devils Lake there is a large belt of timber, and another much\\nmore extensive in the Turtle Mountains near the Canada line. The banks\\nof the Red River are lined with oak and other forest trees of large size.\\nIts tributaries the Sheyenne, Wild Rice, Maple, Goose, Turtle, Forest,\\nPark, Tongue, and Pembina rivers are also well timbered. The course of\\nthe Mouse, is marked by a heavy growth of timber, such as oak, ash,\\naspen, box-elder and other varieties.\\nOn the coteaus between the Missouri and Jim rivers, and in the breaks\\nof the hills west of the Missouri, patches of timber occur frequently. All\\nof the streams emptying into the Missouri from the west, and many of\\nthe lakes scattered about the Territorv, are more or less timbered. The", "height": "4210", "width": "2444", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nsettler in the vicinity of any of the multitude of smaller rivers will find\\nno difficulty in obtaining a plentiful supply of cheap fuel.\\nGrand Forks, on the Red River, is a lumber manufacturing point of great\\nimportance. Two mills alone have a capacity of over 200,000 feet of pine\\nlumber per day. The annual out-put of lumber of the mills of Grand\\nF orks is estimated at 20,000,000 feet. The logs are rafted down the Red\\nfrom the pineries of Minnesota.\\nHon. Lauren Dunlap, lately in charge of this office, in writing of the na-\\ntive timber has said While it may be news to some people to learn that Da-\\nkota has such a timber acreage even as reported, it is nevertheless a fact,\\nthat the total timbered area, native and cultivated, in Dakota, considered\\nin one body, exceeds at this time the area of each of several Eastern\\nstates. There are more acres of native timber in the Black Hills alone,\\nthan in either Rhode Island or Delaware.\\nRemember that this office answers every inquiry, no matter how trivial,\\ncoming from anv one interested in Dakota s growth and advancement.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES 0* DAKOTA. 121\\nCULTIVATED TREES.\\nScience has demonstrated that the growth of trees has an effect on the\\nmeteorological conditions of any locality, of the highest importance. Any\\nnumber of instances are recorded where the wholesale destruction of for-\\nests have changed the condition of localities from that of gardens of fer-\\ntility to something a little better than a desert waste, and, vice-versa,\\nwhere the re-foresting of a denuded country has led to the most beneficial\\nresults as regards the climate, the precipitation of moisture, the atmos-\\npheric currents and the temperature of the atmosphere.\\nThe Chief of the Bureau of Forestry in a report to the Commissioner of\\nAgriculture, cites the remarkable instance of the island of Ascension,\\nwhich was entirely barren when first occupied in 1815, and so destitute of\\nwater that supplies were brought from England and the Cape of Good\\nHope. Means have since been taken to plant trees and to introduce ag-\\nriculture on the island. The effect has been remarkable. The island\\ngrows forty kinds of trees, where but one grew in 1843, owing to the\\nwant of water. The water supply is excellent, and the garrison and\\nships are now supplied in abundance with vegetables of various kinds\\nraised on the island.\\nAnd of the island of Cyprus, once regarded as one of the richest and\\nmost fruitful islands of the Mediterranean, which, when it fell under the\\npower of the Turks, was stripped of its woods with the most baleful\\neffects. The rainfall diminished, water courses dried up, swamps formed\\non the sea shore and the island was visited by deadly malaria. On falling\\ninto the hands of Great Britain, one of the first duties of the British gov-\\nernor was to see to the preservation of the few remaining patches of\\nforest, and to plant hundreds of thousands of blue gum trees in the low\\nswampy lands of the coast, with the view of neutralizing the malarial ex-\\nhalations from the soil. These plantations are only five years old, but\\nthey are said to be exercising, already, a very beneficial result.\\nThe Encyclopedia Britannica ascribes the political decadence of Spain\\nin a great measure to the destruction of its forests, and remarks that the\\nevils of denudation are perhaps nowhere more signally exemplified than\\nin Spain.", "height": "4201", "width": "2477", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nAnd Sicily, once the great grain reservoir for Rome, after the\\nisland was despoiled of its forests gradually lost her fertility and mildness\\nof climate. The ruins of proud and opulent Syracuse are in a desert\\ncovered by sand, which the hot sirocco carried over the Mediterranean\\nsea from Africa. A few isolated, well watered and carefully cultivated\\ndistricts of very limited extension, is all that is left to remind the tourist\\nof the by-gone glory of Sicily.\\nSimilar examples of the great evils following the obliteration of forest,\\nand of the benefits resulting from re-foresting, are to be found in the his-\\ntory of nearly all of Europe.\\nIt has been so in Germany, in France, in Herzegovina, in Montenegro,\\nin Italy, and with the islands of Ceylon, St. Helena, Santa Cruz, and Ternate.\\nAnd such instances are not wanting even at home, though the period of\\nsettlement is but a day in comparison with that of Europe, and the con-\\nsequent destruction to the forest though rapidly going on, is not yet fully\\ncompleted.\\nNo country on the face of the earth possessed the magnificent forested do-\\nmain equal to that of the United States Government when first estab-\\nlished, but a hundred years of spoliation and waste, in addition to legiti-\\nmate sale and transfer, are rapidly doing the work of depletion. The\\nentire forest area of the United States is estimated to be less than 450\\nmillion acres, of which the Government owns eighty-five millions. It is\\nestimated that the annual consumption of timber in the United States\\namounts to twenty billion cubic feet.\\nHon. Emil Rothe, before the American Forestry Congress said: Have\\nyou never tried to find out why southern Ohio has ceased to be the great\\nfruit country it was formerly known to be Why is it that we cannot raise\\nany more peaches in our state, while they used to bring sure crops not\\nmore than a quarter of a century ago? What is it that makes our climate\\nonce so favorable to mankind and vegetation, more unsteady from year to\\nyear? Look at the woodless hills of southern Ohio and you have the an-\\nswer. Let the hills be deprived of the rest of the protection which the\\nforests afford, and half of the area of the state will be sterile in less than\\nfifty years.\\nHon. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, said on the same occasion: I\\nmove in the sphere of experience with more certainty. I remember\\nwhen the forests were hardly broken here, that springs of water were\\nvery frequent and perennial. The rivulets, creeks and rivers had a per-\\npetual flow. These have now changed. The rivulets and creeks are now\\ndried up in summer, and the fish so often caught by me in earlier years\\nare gone. Not one spring in a thousand remains. Indian corn was gen-\\nerally planted in March, and the rains and exhalations of moisture from\\nthe surroundings made crops successful every year. Now, the destruction\\nof the forests has lost to us that bed of leaves which was a perpetual res-\\nervoir of water for springs and evaporation; aided by the treading of the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 123\\nhard surface, the rainfall, if the same as of old, rushes off at once, sweep-\\ning the soil into the Mississippi delta. Dry winds absorb not only the\\nancient humidity of the air, but drink up the sub-soil evaporation, so that\\nour winters are longer, more changeable and unendurable. Corn can\\nhardly be safely planted till late in April, and drouth too often ruins all,\\nin spite of our best efforts.\\nThe more one investigates the subject, the more convinced he must be-\\ncome tnat the planting of trees has a decided effect upon the regulation of\\nstorms, the formation of clouds and the descent of rain. It has been esti-\\nmated that the leaves of a single tree, of large growth, would cover an area\\nof more than 200,000 square feet, and that they give out every fair day of\\nthe growing season, 15,500 pounds, or seven and three-fourths tons of mois-\\nture. Multiply this sum by tens of thousands, and can one longer doubt\\nthe result of the humidity of the atmosphere, following the cultivation of\\nforests?\\nHow wise, then, was the policy adopted by Government of fostering\\nand encouraging the planting of trees and forests on our own Western\\nplains, and what a grave error is about to be committed in the repeal by\\nCongress of the timber culture act There may have been an occasional\\nfraud perpetrated against the Government in obtaining title to a portion\\nof the public domain, under the provisions of this law, but all laws, even\\nthe most useful, lead to evasions. No one who is familiar with the settle-\\nment of the Western plains, can gainsay the assertion that the enactment\\nof the timber culture act was one of the most salutary laws ever passed by\\nCongress, and has led to the growing of millions of trees and acres of for-\\nests upon the prairies of Kansas, Nebraska, and of Dakota, where\\notherwise would have remained an ocean s surface, unbroken by the\\npleasing sight of tree or shrub.\\nThat these forests planted in the West, have had a beneficial result in\\nmodifying the storms and increasing the rainfall, statistics of the National\\nWeather Bureau give abundant proof.\\nThe good that would yet result to the prairies of the West from a con-\\ntinuation of the law, guarded by such careful provisions as Congress may\\nsee fit to place around it, cannot be over-estimated.\\nHon. F. P. Baker, special agent of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,\\nin speaking of the workings of the timber culture act in Kansas, says:\\nThe passage of the timber culture act w r as one of the first steps taken\\nby the Government in recognition of the necessity of tree-growing on\\nour Western prairies. I have no hesitation in saying that the law has\\ndone a great deal directly, and much more indirectly, toward covering\\nwith forest trees great tracts which would otherwise have been left bare\\nto be scorched by the sun, swept by the hot winds, thus to aid in perpet-\\nuating the reign of drouth and grasshoppers in the Western country.\\nLet any man visit the counties of Kansas, settled since the passage of the\\ntimber culture act, and he would see more trees growing than were to be", "height": "4219", "width": "2497", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nseen in prairie counties settled before the passage of the act, and. within\\nten or fifteen years after their first settlement.\\nAs an example of what has been done in tree planting, Mr. Baker cites\\nthe states of Kansas and Nebraska. In the latter state it is estimated that\\nthere are growing 53,000,000 forest trees planted by the hand of man. It\\nis safe to estimate the same number to the acre as is required under the\\ntimber culture act that is 675. This would give a little over 78,000 acres\\nin forest trees in that state.\\nIn Kansas, the statistics given by the report of the secretary of the\\nState Board of Agriculture show 119,682 acres, and the same calculation\\nas above would show the number of trees in artificial forests in the state\\nto be 70,486,350.\\nIn Dakota 1,091 final proofs have been made to date, (June 30, 1887,)\\nunder the timber culture act and, as the law requires ten acres of healthy\\ngrowing trees before the final proof will be accepted, we must have at\\nleast 10,910 acres of trees and calculating the legal requirement of 675 to\\nthe acre we have 7,364,250 growing trees on the prairies of Dakota as an\\naccomplished result of this beneficial and wise act. But this is only a\\npartial showing of what has been done in Dakota through the encourage-\\nment by Government of the planting of forests. It will be remembered\\nthat it requires eight years from the date of entry at least or as much as\\nthirteen years if the full extent of the law is taken, before final proof can be\\noffered on a timber culture tract. Therefore, timber culture entries made\\nsince 1879 are all incomplete, with a possible addition of many more made\\nprior to that date by entry-men who have taken advantage of the longer\\nterm allowed by law. There are 52,226 of these entries and estimating that\\nthe law is being complied with since 1880 in the same ratio as the number\\nof final proofs offered to date bear to the whole number of entries made\\nup to 1879 it would show 63,130 acres of growing forest or 42,612,750 trees\\nin all, for which the citizens of this treeless region must bless the provis-\\nions of the timber culture law.\\nIn 1882 there were 4 final proofs made of timber culture in Dakota.\\n1883 111\\n1884 169\\n1885 161\\n1886 275\\n1887 371\\nThe timber culture act should not be repealed. Even in its present\\nshape it is accomplishing as much good as any of the laws ever enacted by\\nCongress governing the public domain. But, rather, so amend it that title\\nto one-quarter of each section of land, remaining subject to entry, can only\\nbe obtained by a full compliance with the timber culture act, and at once\\nyou sweep away all danger of evasions and increase ten fold the benefits\\nto accrue to the Nation by compelling an enlargement of the area devoted\\nto forests. This subject has been dwelt on to a tiresome length because it\\nis our desire to impress on the new-comer the many advantages of devot-\\ning some little attention to the propagation of trees. It not only beautifies", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "KESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 125\\nthe farm and home, but serves to break the force of storms and each tree\\nplanted adds its mite toward the gentle distribution of the rainfalls and\\nthe tempering of the searching winds. Not only that, but there is no ven-\\nture so profitable and attended with so little risk as that of tree culture.\\nEmil Rothe, in a lecture on the profits of forest culture, has said: Many\\nmillions of dollars of American capital are invested in various enterprises\\nwhich require a much longer time to yield profit or income and never pay\\nnearly so well as systematic forest culture in the proper locality. There is\\ncertainly no risk in forest culture. It produces an article of general and\\nsteadily increasing demand, and it can be calculated with almost math-\\nematical certainty what profit may be derived from it and within what\\ntime.\\nThe fact that it is highly remunerative in all Europe where land is much\\nhigher in price than here, should justify the expectation that it will be\\nprofitable. It is well known that on this continent forest trees grow\\nmuch quicker and comparatively taller than in the Eastern Hemisphere.\\nHere, the most useful trees attain their full development in two-thirds of\\nthe time required in Europe, an advantage which can hardly be over-\\nestimated.\\nThe governments of Prussia, of several of the smaller German princi-\\npalities, and of France, Austria, and Italy make forest culture an unfailing\\nsource of a large yearly income. They find it profitable to buy tracts of\\ninferior lands at prices equal to those of our best farming lands, and to\\nstock them with timber.\\nOnly the better class of wheat or meadow-land nets a greater average\\nrevenue, in twenty-five years, than well managed forests a fact which may,\\nat first sight, seem incredible, but which is easily accounted for Ly com-\\nparison between the yearly expenses of grain culture and the trifling out-\\nlay required for the planting and maintenance of a forest after the trees\\nhave become two or three years old, and by taking in consideration the\\nfrequent failures of grain crops and the sure steadiness of the growth of\\ntrees.\\nBy all means plant at least a few trees about your farm and do it at\\nonce. You will live to reap the reward of your efforts and forethought\\nin a hundred different ways.\\nThere is not the least difficulty in growing trees anywhere on the\\nprairies if proper care is taken in selecting the varieties and in the man-\\nner and time of planting them. Some exertion, too, must be expended for\\nthe first two or three years, in cultivating in and about the trees.\\nHon. N. H. Egleston, ex-chief of the Government Bureau of Forestry,\\nsays: The prairies are destitute of trees, not on account of peculiarities\\nof soil or climate, but -from other causes. AVe have ample evidence that\\nthey w r ere once clothed with an abundant arboreal growth, and these re-\\nports, with other facts, show that they may be covered again with such a\\ngrowth, so far as it is for any reason desirable. In almost all portions of\\nthe prairie region, even those least favorable to vegetable products, on", "height": "4219", "width": "2489", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\naccount of the deficiency of the water supply, groves and belts of trees of\\nvarious kinds the result of planting during the last few years prove\\nthat with proper care in the cultivation of trees, and in guarding them\\nfrom injury by lire or by roaming animals, forests may be established in\\nsufficient abundance to meet all demands for lumber and fuel, and to se-\\ncure those climatic and other influences on account of which forests are\\nvaluable to any country.\\nIn the report on Government forestry, 1884, forty-seven different kinds\\nof trees were reported from Dakota as having been tried by planting. In\\norder of preference the leading varieties are as follows: Cottonwood,\\nbox-elder, ash (white), walnut (black), maple (soft), elm (white), willow\\n(white), oak, maple (hard), butternut, poplar (Lombardy),balm of Gilead,\\nbasswood (or linden).\\nThe following recommendations as regards tree planting are offered by-\\nthe Dakota Horticultural society:\\nTrees for forest planting: box-elder, white or green ash, rock\\nelm, larch, white birch, soft maple, butternut, cottonwood,\\nblack cherry. For wind breaks or shelter belts: white willow, cot-\\ntonwood, box-elder. For street planting: white elm, hard or sugar maple,\\nbasswood, hackberry, ash. Ornamental planting: white birch, larch, bird\\ncherry. Evergreens for forests planting: Scotch pine, red cedar, white\\npine, American arbor vitse, European larch, (conifer, but not an ever-\\ngreen.) Ornamental evergreens: dwarf mountain pine, Colorado blue\\nspruce, Northern white spruce, Siberian fir, red cedar, Scotch pine, Nor-\\nway spruce, arbor- vitse in variety.\\nThis office has reports of a cottonwood tree twenty years old, recently\\ncut down, which had attained a circumference of seventy-five inches, and\\nwhen cut up furnished two and one-fourth cords of wood.\\nAnother report says that trees eight years old grown from seed are now\\nfifteen feet high, and four inches in diameter.\\nThe Territory makes the following exemptions from taxation as\\na reward for tree planting: Any one-fourth part of any quarter\\nsection of prairie land, the same being a legal subdivision, on\\nwhich five acres of timber shall be planted, either by sowing seed\\nor by setting trees or cuttings, and the same to be kept in grow-\\ning order by cultivation, and not to be more than twelve feet apart\\neach way, together with all improvements thereon, not to exceed in value\\n$1,000, and for a period of ten years from and after the planting of said\\ntimber and any change of ownership of such land shall in no way effect\\nthe exemption from taxation as herein provided. All improvements\\nmade on real property by setting out either forest or ft ait trees, shrub-\\nbery or vineyards, which shall not be considered as increasing the value\\nof the land for purposes of taxation.\\nLet us plant more trees, and who knows but that our millions of acres\\nof growing forests will some day supply the inhabitants of the East with\\nnumber\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as well as our wheat fields will furnish them bread.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "KESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 127\\nThe importance of forestry has been recognized for many years in other\\ncountries. In Germany the management of forests by the state has been\\ncarried on for hundreds of years. In Hanover there are 600,000 acres in\\nthe government forests, the annual expense of keeping which amounts to\\n1650,000, the receipts $1,500,000, and the profit $850,000. The state forests\\nof Saxony cover nearly 400,000 acres, and yield a net yearly rental of\\n$1,250,000. The state forests of Bavaria are even greater in extent, and\\nreturn, after paying all expenses, $4,500,000 per annum. Austria, France,\\nRussia, Sweden, Italy and Denmark, have schools of forestry maintained\\nby the government, and the national forests are protected by stringent\\nlaws. In Sweden, even farther back than 1647, the party who cut down a\\ntree was required by law to plant two in its place a law it would be well\\nfor our Government to imitate now.\\nFor many years the United States did nothing to encourage forestry.\\nThe first timber culture act was passed by Congress March 3, 1873, and\\namended March 13, 1874. The passage of this act has strengthened the\\ngrowing sentiment in favor of forestry, and led to the establishment, by\\nthe Federal Government, some five years ago, of a Division of Forestry,\\nthe present chief of the Division being Mr. B. E. Fernow.\\nMany of the prairie states organized forestry associations, and encour-\\naged in other ways the planting of trees.\\nTwenty-three states and territories recognize the importance of trees\\nupon the prairies about the homes, along the streets, and in the public\\nparks and school grounds, by designating a day, usually in April or May,\\ntermed an Arbor Day, which the people are urged to devote exclusively\\nto the planting of trees. The governors of these states and territories\\ndesignate the day by annnal proclamation, and request the closing of\\nschools and all places of business, and that all manner of labor cease, in\\norder that no citizen may be deterred from planting a tree.\\nArbor Day originated in Nebraska some fifteen years ago, under the ad-\\nministration of Governor Morton, and it is estimated that there are over\\n600,000 thrifty trees in that state, where,prior to this day devoted to arbor-\\neal production, there were scarcely any to be found except along the\\nstreams.\\nThe observance of Arbor Day in Dakota is said to owe its first sugges-\\ntion to Rev. C. F. Clapp, formerly pastor of the Congregational Church,\\nYankton. In the spring of 1884 Mr. Clapp called the attention of Acting\\nGovernor Teller to the fact that many Western states had adopted such a\\ncustom and suggested that Mr. Teller issue a proclamation for the obser-\\nvance of Arbor Day in Dakota. The Acting Governor agreed to Mr.\\nClapp s suggestion, issued his proclamation and the custom has been\\nregularly observed during the three years since. The present execu-\\ntive, Governor Louis K. Church, designated May 5, 1887, as Arbor Day,\\ndeclaring the same a legal holiday and urged the people to devote it\\nexclusively to tree planting. The day was very generally observed and", "height": "4217", "width": "2463", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthousands of trees were planted by the school children, the arboreal so-\\ncieties, the village authorities and the individual citizen. This office has\\nreceived reports of the day s celebration from every section of the Terri-\\ntory.\\nThere were more trees planted on Arbor Day, this spring in the three\\ntowns alone, of Mitchell, Huron and Yankton, than were reported last\\nyear from the entire thirty-seven counties reporting. Owing to the dif-\\nference in climate in a territory of so vast an extent as Dakota, an Arbor\\nDay cannot be designated suitable to all the varying conditions and many\\ntrees were planted prior and subsequent to the date named by the Gover-\\nnor of which this office has received no reports.\\nIt is quite safe to estimate the trees planted this spring, (other than\\nthose planted under the timber culture act,) at upwards of a million; and\\nthe number planted the three years previous would certainly exceed a\\nmillion and a half.\\nThis number, added to the trees planted under the timber culture act,\\nshows a grand total of 44,112,750 cultivated trees in the Territory to-day,\\nand, estimating the number to the acre as is required under this act 675\\nwould give 65,352 acres of forest.\\nThe results of tree culture are plainly observed in the towns and around\\nthe farms, where age has worn off, somewhat, the excitement of business\\nengagements and subdued the fever of real estate speculations.\\nIn the cities of Yankton, Elk Point, Sioux Falls, and other towns, and\\nthe country surrounding them the old settled area of the Territory the\\ntrees and shrubbery growing about the yards and along the streets and\\nroads present as favorable a view to the visitor as is to be seen in cities of\\nthe East, where the trees are native.\\nThe towns and communities of youthful age are imitating with commenda-\\nble zeal the examples set by the older places, and within a few years the\\nDakota village or farm destitute of the shade and ornament furnished by\\ntrees, will be remarked as a noticeable exception.\\nOur law-makers have wisely amended the general law governing the\\nincorporation of cities in Dakota, so as to permit the city authorities to\\ncompel the planting of trees along the streets, by ordinance, in the same\\nmanner as sidewalks are constructed. This will insure a regularity of\\ntime, of distance, and of the variety, in the planting of shade trees; and\\nplace their care and protection in the hands of a public officer.\\nWith such a provision there will be no treeless spaces to mark the resi-\\ndence of the unthrifty citizen or to point out the investments of Eastern\\nspeculators.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 129\\nSTOCK RAISING.\\nWhile the leading industry of Dakota is the tillage of the soil, the live\\nstock interests are rapidly assuming a rank of equal importance with re-\\nspect to the amount of capital invested and the revenue derived there-\\nfrom.\\nThe census of 1880 gave the value of all farm products in Dakota for the\\ncrop year of 1879 at $5,048,814, while the value of live stock was placed at\\n$6,463,274.\\nIn 1885 the products of the farm had increased to $36,808,131, and the\\nvalue of live stock to $40,528,897.\\nOn January 1, 1887, the value of live stock in the Territory had reached\\nthe vast sum of $43,195,229 an amount nearly 50 per cent, greater than\\nthe value of the three principal farm products, wheat, corn, and oats of\\nthe same year.\\nIf we add to the sum given as the value of Dakota s live stock, the\\nvalue of the dairy products and of the wool clip for the same year, some\\nidea may be had of the rapidly increasing investment by our farmers in\\nthe growing of stock.\\nVALUE OF LIVE STOCK.\\nI860\\nI\\nDollars.\\n39,116\\n1870\\nH\\n779,952\\n1880\\n1885 BBBH\\nE5\\n6,463,274\\ngU 40,528,897\\n1887 Ell IMWM Will\\nSH 43,195,229\\nIn 1880 there were in the Territory 41,670 horses, 2,703 mules, 40,572\\nmilch cows, 100,243 head of cattle, 30,244 sheep and 63,394 hogs.\\nIn 1880 these numbers had increased to 227,027 horses, 11,964 mules,\\n199,480 milch cows, 710,934 cattle, 256,209 sheep and 427,176 hogs. Official\\nreturns show the percentage of increase in the number of animals for the\\nyear ending January 1, 1887, as follows:\\nHorses, 10 per cent. mules, 3 per cent. milch cows, 10 per cent. cattle,\\n13 per cent.; sheep, 1 per cent., and hogs 20 per cent.\\nIn seven years the value of live stock, in Dakota, has increased $36,-\\n365,064, or more than an average increase of $5,000,000 per year.\\n(5)", "height": "4201", "width": "2408", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OP OXEN, MILCH COWS AND OTHER CATTLE\\nIn Dakota, 1886, and their value in comparison with each state and territory of the\\nUnion.\\nBANK. STATES AND TER.\\nNUMBER\\nVALUE. DOLLARS.\\n47 RHODE ISLAND\\n35,810\\n1,236,531\\n46 DELAWAEE,\\nI\\n55,820\\n1,597,762\\n45 CONNECTICUT,\\n1\\n234,586\\n7.638,973\\n44 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\n1\\n236,933\\n7,216,412\\n43 NEW JERSEY,\\ni\\n242.866\\n8.572,522\\n42 ARIZONA,\\n~I\\n258,942\\n4.985,853\\n41 UTAH,\\n264.376\\n5,834,891\\n40 MARYLAND,\\n273,262\\n7,412,891\\n39 MASSACHUSETTS,\\n285,617\\n9,580,502\\n38 NEVADA,\\n334,742\\n7,588,289\\n37 MAINE,\\nn\\n351,009\\n10,101,379\\n36 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\n361,606\\n4,955,850\\n35 WASHINGTON TER.,\\n34 IDAHO,\\n~B~\\n363,079\\n363,951\\n9.107,148\\n8,155,670\\n33 VERMONT,\\n399,705\\n10,884,624", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 131\\nThe immense yield of the grain crops of Dakota has been heralded far\\nand wide, and deservedly, too; yet we must not lose sight of the fact that\\nthe live stock interests have contributed a big share in building up the\\npresent wealth and prosperity of the Territory, and that each year is\\nwitnessing an astonishing increase of investment in this direction by the\\nfarmer.\\nIt is with a feeling of great satisfaction, and a conviction that the\\nfarmers of Dakota have discovered the sure road to success and wealth\\nwe observe this rapid enlargements of live stock investments.\\nA droughty month, a day s hot wind or the hail-storm of an hour may\\nundo the labor of an entire season and send want and poverty to the\\nfarmer who is dependent on the result of a single farm product. How\\ndifferent is the situation, under a like visitation, of the mixed farmer,\\nwho, in the event of failure of one crop, has another yielding good returns\\nor should the year be so unfavorable as to end in a loss of the entire sea-\\nson s work a calamity which sometimes happens to the farmers of any\\nland how fortunate is the man who can fall back on his herds and flocks\\nand in this manner bridge over the days of agricultural disaster. Then,\\nlooking at the matter in another light, even with favorable crop seasons\\nand an abundant yield of farm products, the farmer who combines stock\\ngrowing with his other farm operations has a wonderful advantage over\\nhis neighbor who devotes his labor s solely to the tillage of the soil. He\\nobtains a greater profit out of his farm products by feeding to stock and\\nmarketing his fat cattle. He is independent of wheat corners and the\\nrapacity of transportation companies he evades the many profits paid the\\ngrain buyer, the elevator and mill man and the carriers, by feeding his\\ngrain on the farm to his horses, cattle, sheep or hogs, as the case may be\\nfor all of which, when ready for market, there is a steady demand at\\nhome.\\nNowhere in the world do the native grasses grow with more luxuriance\\nand richness than in Dakota and the crop is a never failing one.\\nThe prairie everywhere is covered with a luxuriant growth of buffalo,\\ngramma, and blue stem grasses, equal for grazing and hay to the tame va-\\nrieties of the East. The entire hay crop of the Territory, (which in 1885\\namounted to 1,527,987 tons,) is made from the native grasses. One has\\nonly to find a vacant piece of prairie and his hay crop w T ill cost him but\\nthe expense of cutting and stacking.\\nThese native grasses cure to hay upon the ground, and stock will fatten\\non the prairies almost as rapidly as they do in the East feeding on grain.\\nThe grass retains its richness throughout the year even where uncut\\nand in many places stock is kept through the severest winters solely by\\npasturing on the plains. It is mowed at any time, making quite as good\\nhay in the fall as during the summer months.\\nMillions of acres of this native forage grow, cure, and go to waste an-\\nnually, uncut and unfed. If the gras?, growing on the prairies of Dakota\\ncould all be utilized and turned into beef, it would supply the markets of", "height": "4219", "width": "2396", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe world. The native hay crop will add millions to the annual profits to\\nbe derived from that source when the day arrives that not an acre is al-\\nlowed to w go to waste.\\nr There never has been a time in the history of Dakota, when the prairies\\ndid not furnish an abundant supply of fodder for stock no matter how\\ndisastrous might be the effects of the weather on the farm crops. The\\ndryer the season the better the quality of the native grass, is the universal\\nverdict of the ranchmen who were wont to herd their cattle on the prairies\\nlong before Dakota was thought to be fitted for agricultural pursuits.\\nAs has been said, large herds of cattle are annually kept on the prairies\\nwithout grain or other fodder grazing on the native grasses the entire\\nseason-Miheir only shelter from the storms of winter being found in the\\nbreaks of the surrounding hills.\\nAlong the Belle Fourche, the Cheyenne and their tributaries, on all\\nsides of the Black Hills; the Little Missouri, and the great stretch of un-\\nsettled country to the west; the Mouse river and the coteaus of the north,\\nmany thousancFkead of cattle, horses and sheep are wintered in this way.\\nl w The stock is simply branded and then turned out to rustle, in the\\nstockman s parlance, and not the least attention is given to the herd until\\nthe spring round-up of the following year. A round-up is where a\\ncollection of cow-boys, representing the various ranches of the district,\\nmeet at an agreed time and place for the purpose of driving all the stock\\ntogether, when each owner separates his particular brand from, the rest,\\nbrands the calves and again turns the herd out on the prairies. The next\\nround-up occurs later, when the stock is again encircled and the fat\\ncattle cut out of the herd to be driven to market.\\nThis is the manner in which the large cattle ranches are managed, where\\nimmigration and the settlements have not compelled its abandonment.\\nHowever, the rapid encroachment of the farmer on the stockman s do-\\nmain has driven the ranches to a rather limited district in comparison\\nwith the great area over which, at one time, his herds roamed at will.\\nIt cannot be long ere cattle ranching in Dakota, on the great scale of\\nthe earlv day, will be one of the lost arts. The rush of immigration\\nspreading over every section of the Territory will render necessary the\\nherding of the flocks on the prairies through the spring, summer and fall;\\nthe feeding of native hay in the winter season and the furnishing of other\\nshelter from the weather than the hills and breaks, as is done in the older\\nsettled sections.\\nIn addition to the wonderful nutritive qualities of the native grasses,\\nthe dryness and equability of the climate has much to do in making the.\\nraising of stock successful in the highest degree A writer has truthfully\\nsaid: The climate (of Dakota) can be called the chief advantage of the\\ncountry for stock raising, the summers being of about the temperature\\nof the much noted stock raising regions of the Old World, and the winters\\ncold sunny and bright. It is the cold, combined with the absence of high", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 133\\nhumidity, that gives the country such advantages for stock raising, over\\nmore humid and warmer localities, for the natural habitat of all our useful\\ndomestic animals, the horse, ox and sheep, is in a region having precisely\\nthe same climate as this, the steppes and plains of Central Asia, north of\\nlatitude 47\u00c2\u00b0. Probably more cattle range on these unsheltered plains to-\\nday than in America. Atkinson, in his travels, mentions the tens of\\nthousands of head grazing around the steppes which surround Lake\\nBaikal in latitude 52\u00c2\u00b0.\\nRain is almost entirely unknown between October and April; stock are\\nseldom wet during the cold weather, and there is none of that moist air,\\npeculiar to Eastern climates, which causes a too rapid radiation of animal\\nheat, resulting in chilly sensations to man and beast alike.\\nThe climate being so dry and equable prevents the prevalence of those\\ndiseases that decimate the flocks and herds in so many other localities.\\nNotwithstanding the fact that the past winter was an unusually severe\\none, and that many herds were on the range without shelter or provision\\nof food, resulting in a greater percentage of loss than would have occurred\\nhad the cattle been properly cared for, the loss, during the year, was only\\n4 per cent.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no greater than is recorded in twenty-four of the states and\\nterritories, and less than one-half the loss as compared with some. Cat-\\ntle on the ranges suffered heavily from the severity of the winter. Where\\nstock are provided with the least attempt at shelter and forage, there is\\nnever any loss, and it always comes out strong and in good flesh in the\\nspring. Were it not for the custom prevailing in some sections of the\\nTerritory of turning stock loose on the range the entire year, without pro-\\nvision for shelter or food, we believe that the percentage of loss would be\\nfar less in Dakota than any where else in America. The need of provid-\\ning a rude shelter of some sort and of supplying forage, which is to be had\\nfor the cutting from the millions of acres of rich native grasses, is being\\nimpressed more strongly each year on the stock growers of the North-\\nwest.\\nLet the stock-growers devote but an iota of the labor and expense to\\nthe care of their stock that is expended by the farmers of Iowa, Illinois,\\nOhio, or any state of the Union, and the raising of horses, cattle, sheep,\\nand hogs in Dakota, becomes the safest and most profitable investment in\\nthe world.\\nNative hay is to be had in abundance, and costs only a dollar or a dollar\\nand a half a ton to cut and stack.\\nWe have described on another page how easily the root crops and tame\\ngrasses can be raised, and what immense yields this prolific soil returns\\nfor a very little labor. It is therefore criminal carelessness for the Da-\\nkota farmer to neglect his stock during the winter months, as some do.\\nIt is with satisfaction we note the fact that the lesson taught by the in-\\nclemency of last winter is being very generally heeded, and the farmers\\nare showing a disposition to provide shelter and hay as required. Those", "height": "4219", "width": "2450", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF HORSES IN DAKOTA, 1886,\\nAnd their value in comparison with each state and territo y of the Union.\\nBANK. STATES AND TER. NUMBER. VALUE. DOLLARS.\\n46 RHODE ISLAND g 9,955 1,061,443\\n45 ARIZONA,\\n44 NEW MEXICO,\\n43 DELAWARE,\\n42 FLORIDA,\\n41 NEVADA,\\n40 CONNECTICUT,\\n39 IDAHO,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE,\\n37 UTAH,\\nMASSACHUSETTS,\\nK5 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\n34 VERMONT,\\n33 WYOMING,\\n32 NEW JERSEY,\\n31 MAINE,\\n30 WASHINGTON TER..\\n29 GEORGIA,\\nLOUISIANA,\\n27 COLORADO,\\nALABAMA,\\n25 MARYLAND,\\n24 MONTANA,\\n23 MISSISSIPPI,\\n22 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n21 NORTH CAROLINA,\\n20 OREGON,\\n19 ARKANSAS,\\n18 DAKOTA,\\n17 VIRGINIA,\\n16 CALIFORNIA,\\n15 TENNESSEE,\\n14 MINNESOTA,\\n13 NEBRASKA,\\n12 KENTUCKY,\\n11 WISCONSIN,\\n10 MICHIGAN,\\nPENNSYLVAI\\nKANSAS,\\n7 INDIANA,\\nNEW YORK,\\n5 MISSOURI,\\n4 OHIO,\\n3 IOWA,\\n2 TEXAS,\\n10,165\\n528,580\\n1 20,786\\n745,944\\n22,330\\n2.135.491\\n31,184\\n2,545,222\\n44,654\\n2.462,449\\n48,413\\n4,841,242\\nHi 48,750\\n2,681,250\\nH 49,384\\n4,143,889\\n56,136\\n2,466,490\\nHB63.916\\n6,816,300\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a064,673\\n5,701,926\\nj\u00c2\u00a7ggjfe,370\\n6,780,071\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a02,500\\n3,678.675\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ill, 648\\n9,463,136\\n^fii 2 094\\n8,167.650\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0B.237\\n6,018,458\\nHaft 902\\n8,757,335\\n6,534,952\\nHBKIIE70\\n7,178,918\\nMM 11 iMi\\n8,751.535\\nE 6\\n10.728,077\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0MJfefehbJOR\\n6,535,088\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ggBipo\\n9,187,566\\nSo 8,910,107\\n10,713,012\\n9,045.603\\n10,495,908\\n17,618,192\\nM 16,725,673\\n18,534,948\\n19,667,265\\n29,402,052\\n29,349,719\\n26,242,445\\n32.983,234\\n38.563.565\\nmWtla^M3PB]\\n55,337,053\\n42,263.123\\n49,243,727\\n65,017,137\\n44,542.180\\n62,389,601\\n71,926,052\\n33,642,055\\n1 ILLINOIS ..^^1 81,152,417", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 135\\nwho prefer to pasture their stock, fence with barbed wire, at a cost of\\nabout sixty cents per rod, but as a genera] thing herds are allowed to run\\nat large on the range or in the well settled districts a boy is employed\\nduring the summer months to look after the herd.\\nThe greatest number of stock ranches within a given area are located in\\nthe Black Hills, and numerous herds of cattle, horses, and sheep graze\\nalong the numerous streams where the valleys grow the richest of grasses,\\nand the mountain brooks provide an abundant supply of pure, cold water.\\nThe broken nature of the country offers on all hands the best of natural\\nshelter for stock.\\nThat the Hills would prove a paradise for stock-growers was predicted\\nhy the Government officer in charge of the exploring expedition sent out\\nin 1875, under authority of the Secretary of the Interior. We quote from\\nhis valuable report:\\nThe grazing in the Black Hills is most excellent. Nine-tenths of the\\nwhole area is covered by a thick growth of the finest wild grasses. It con-\\nstitutes the great future wealth of this region, and its value can hardly be\\nover-estimated. California Joe, (one of the guides attached\\nto the expedition,) said of the valley of Spring creek: There s gold from\\nthe grass roots down, but there s more gold from the grass roots up. And\\nno matter how rich the gold placers in the Black Hills may prove to be,\\nthe great business in this region in the future, will be stock-raising and\\ndairy farming.\\nEven in the clefts of the rocks, the sides of the steep ridges, and in\\nthe bottoms of the deep canons, grass is found growing, depending on the\\nscanty soil for its sustenance, and the little sunlight that pierces through\\nthe dense branches of the trees and penetrates for a short time the depths\\nof the gorge.\\nI had previously been engaged in explorations in western Texas and\\nNew Mexico, but I was surprised at the quality of the grazing we found in\\nthe Black Hills, which resembled the grass growing in the oak openings\\nin central Texas, except that it was finer and freer from weeds and the\\ncoarser and less nutritious grasses.\\nFor the requirements of the population that the Black Hills will sup-\\nport in the next twenty years, enough hay can be procured from the\\nwild grasses.\\nThe wind may blow a gale over the mountain tops and exposed ridges,\\nbut in the valleys the air will be comparatively at rest, the timber cover-\\ning the hillsides and ridges, materially contributing toward making the\\nvalleys warm and sheltered. This will be of great advantage to the stock\\nwhich may be wintered in the Hills, shelter being found every where\\nfrom sudden or severe storms.\\nFrom the secluded and sheltered character of the valleys, the abund-\\nance of water, and the fine quality of the grazing, the Black Hills are well\\nadapted for dairy farming, the establishment of cheese and butter factor-\\nies, and the raising and breeding of fine breeds of cattle and sheep.", "height": "4214", "width": "2464", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTo realize the complete fulfillment of Prof. Jexmey s prophecy one has\\nonly to visit the Hills and look upon the many herds of sleek cattle, fine\\nhorses and sheep to be seen in every valley and crowning every hill top.\\nThe coteaus of the Missouri\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a range of low hills stretching entirely\\nacross the Territory from the northwest to the southeast are filled with\\nbrooks ani ponds of water and furnish a paradise of native forage and\\nsplendid protection for the stock-grower and dairyman. The same is true\\nof the country along the line of the Northern Pacific railroad west of the\\nMissouri river, and of the Mouse river region, and the Turtle Mountains,\\nand Devils Lake country of the north; 20,000,000 acres of vacant land are\\ncontained within the boundaries above described almost every section of\\nwhich would make as fine a stock ranch or as prolific a farm as exists any-\\nwhere.\\nEven the Bad Lands the name by which a small stretch of country\\nfrom three to twenty-five miles wide, situated principally along the Chey-\\nenne, Grand and Little Missouri rivers, is known, has proved to be the\\nfinest stock range in the West. The surface of this region has been\\nshaped, through various causes, such as subterranean fires, the winds and\\nstorms of ages, into the most fanta tic and weird-looking hills, mounds,\\ncolumns and valleys, and has been described as resembling the bottom\\nof hell with the fires put out.\\nMr. E. V. Smalley vividly describes the marvelous scenery of the Bad\\nLands in these words\\nThe change in the scene is so startling, and the appearance of the\\nlandscape so wholly novel and so singularly grotesque, that you rub your\\neyes to make sure ha 1 you are not dreaming of some ancient geologic epoch,\\nwhen the rude, unfinished earth was the sport of Titanic forces, or fancy-\\ning yourself transported to another planet. Enormous masses of con-\\nglomerate red, gray, black, brown, and blue, in towers, pyramids, peaks,\\nridges, domes, castellated heights occupy the face of the country. In\\nthe spaces between are grassy, lawn-like expanses, dotted with the petri-\\nfied stumps of huge trees. The finest effect of color is produced by the\\ndark red rock not rock in fact, but actual terra-cotta, baked by the heat\\nof underlying layers of lignite. At some points the coal is still on fire, and\\nthe process of transforming mountains of blue clay into mountains of pot-\\ntery may be observed from day to day. It has been going on for count-\\nless ages, no doubt. To bake one of these colossal masses may have re-\\nquired 10,000 years of smoldering heat. I despair of giving any adequate\\nidea of the fantastic forms of the buttes or of the wonderful effects of color\\nthey offer. The pen and brush of a skillful artist would alone be compe-\\ntent for the task. The photographer, be he never so deft with his camera\\nand chemicals, only be-littles these marvelous views. He catches only\\nbare outlines, without color, and color is the chief thing in the picture.\\nHe cannot get the true effect of distance, and his negatives show only\\nstaring blacks and whites in place of the infinite variations of light and", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 137\\nshadow effects in valleys and gorges and hollows, and upon crags and pin-\\nnacles. Look, if you can, by the feeble aid of written words, upon a sin-\\ngle butte, and see how impossible it is to photograph it satisfactorily. It\\nrises from a carpet of green grass. Its base has a bluish hue, and appears\\nto be clay solidified by enormous pressure. It is girdled by 1 ands of\\nlight gray stone, and black Tgnite coal. Its upper portion is of the rich,\\nred color of old Egyptian pottery. Crumbled fragments strew its sides.\\nIts summit, rising 300 feet above the plain, has teen carved by the ele-\\nments into turrets, battlements, sharp spires, grotesque gargoyles, and\\nhuge projecting buttresse s an amazing jumble of weird architectural ef-\\nfects, that startle the eye with sue gesl ions of intelligent design. Above,\\nthe sky is wonderfully clear and blue, the rays of the setting sun spread a\\nrosy tint over the crest, and just above its highest tower floats a little\\nflame-colored cloud like a banner. When I say there are thousands of\\nthese buttes, the reader will perceive that the Bad Lands of the Little\\nMissouri are a region of extraordinary interest to the tourist and artist.\\nThe country is full of such plateaus, and in the valleys is found the\\nbest of protection for stock.\\nMr. A. T. Packard, editor of the Bad f ands Cow Boy. writes as follows\\nof this region: There is a very general opinion in different parts of the\\ncountry, that the Bad Lands are the most sterile and uninhabitable region\\non the face of the earth. The writer well remembers the impression of\\nthem he obtained in his very youthful days from the study of Guyot s\\ngeography. To the stock-raiser and coal miner, however, this is the king\\ncountry of the world. In no other place are there to be found so many\\nfavorable conditions for the raising of stock. Bunch and buffalo grass\\ncover almost every inch of the ground. 1 he raw sides of buttes are the only\\nplaces where splendid.grazing cannot be found. On many of the buttes,\\nhowever, the grass grows clear to the summit, the slopes being the favor-\\nite pasture lands of the cattle. Generally no hay need be cut, as the grass\\ncures standing, and keeps the cattle in as :ood condition all winter as if\\nthey were stall fed. The only reason for putting up hay is to avoid a\\nscarcity of feed in case of heavy snow. This very seldom happens, how-\\never, as very little snow falls in the Bad Lands. In spite of the numer-\\nous cuts of the railroad there never has been a blockade in the Bad\\nLands, although they are common over all the rest of the road. A curi-\\nous fact with cattle is that the ones that have been here a year or two, and\\nknow how to rustle, will turn away from a stack of hay, paw away the\\nsnow from the grass, and feed on that exclusively. Even in the dead of\\nwinter a meadow has a very perceptible tinge of green.\\nThe rapid increase of fine stock in the Territory and the tendency to\\nimprove the grades by importing high-bred animals is very noticeable of\\nlate years. In those sections of Dakota Fettled for any length of time the\\nnumerous herds of Herefords, Polled Angus, Shorthorns, Holsteins or Jer-\\nsey cattle, Percheron, Cl\\\\ desdale or English shire draft horses, speed", "height": "4219", "width": "2403", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "138 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nanimals of excellent pedigree, and well-bred mules, sheep and swine, bear\\ntestimony to the fact that the Dakota farmer appreciates the value of\\nbreeding high classed stock. At the Territorial fairs (one held in north\\nDakota and one in the south) and the different fairs of the various coun-\\nties, the display of fine stock called forth the wonder and admiration of\\nthe Eastern visitor, who w T as forced to admit that as respects her graded\\nstock Dakota is not excelled by many of the old states. The indications\\nare that in a few years the -Territory will have built up a world-wide rep-\\nutation for the good quality of its horses. The farmers are realizing that\\nit costs but little more to raise a high-class oraft animal than an ordinary\\nscrub, and everywhere one hears of the importation of the best grades of\\nbrood mares and finest pure bred stallions. Farm work requires heavy\\ndraft horses and the intelligent farmer understands the value of crossing\\nwith the large and powerful French, English, or Scotch breeds. It will\\nnot be long until Dakota will ship to the East a breed of horses unequaled\\nin energy, form and endurance.\\nAVith so favorable surroundings for the profitable carrying on of the\\nenterprise it is somewhat difficult to explain satisfactorily why our people\\nhave delayed until very recently the business of sheep-growing.\\nThose who have engaged in this branch of the stock business are re-\\nmarkably well satisfied with the venture. It is asserted that in no other\\ncountry have better results followed the growing of sheep than in Da-\\nkota. The absence of swamps, and damp, rainy seasons, give- security\\nfrom the foot-rot, scab and other diseases so fatal to sheep.\\nThe following extract, from publication, well known, an authority on\\nstock matters, will be of interest to all who contemplate the handling of\\nsheep:\\nTen years ago there were literally no flocks of sheep in Dakota. It is\\ntrue that the great bulk of southern Dakota was not then settled; but\\nthere was a tier of counties along the Missouri river on the south, and Big\\nSioux valley on the eastern border that was settled; and, although the\\nuniform weather and dry winter atmosphere were known to be favorable\\nto sheeD-raising and wool-growing, little or no effort was made to intro-\\nduce sheep. About ten years ago the German-Russians began settling in\\nsouthern Dakota and they at once introduced sheep husbandry and made\\nit a success. The kinds now kept are largely Merino, but occasionally a\\nflock of South Downs or Leicesters is found. The flocks are generally\\nhealthy and the fleeces fairly heavy. Wool finds a ready market in any\\nof the larger towns in the Territory, and is mostly shipped East. Nu-\\nmerous woolen manufactories are springing up in Dakota, but the produc-\\ntion is greatly in advance of the home market. Fortunately, wool is one\\nof the products of the farm that will bear shipping for a considerable dis-\\ntance. Mutton is in good demand and brings a fair price. It is possible\\nthe larger framed sheep of Canada would be more profitable. They are\\nhardy, and, when full grown and fattened, a carcass frequently weighs from", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 139\\n100 to 125 pounds. The climate of this section makes the flocks exceed-\\ningly prolific. It is an easy thing to accumulate a large flock of sheep in\\na few years.\\nSheep are herded in summer in the same manner as horned cattle,\\nand not unfrequently by the same person especially if the flock of sheep\\nbe small and the herd of cattle i,^ not large. In winter the flocks are pro-\\nvided with corrals and sheds for protection from storms, and are fed with\\nthe wild hay of the prairie, upon which they subsist without grain. It is\\nno doubt true that with better c ire of the flocks the profit of sheep hus-\\nbandry would not only be surer, but greater. But the first settlers in any\\ncountry are seldom prepared to obtain the best results from their labors,\\nfor want of time and means to Droperly provide for their flocks and herds.\\nNotwithstanding all the lack of facilities for caring for stock by the pio-\\nneers of southern Dakota, sheep-raising has proved a profitable industry,\\nand one that in the near future will be largely increased\\nMr. A. S. Hall, a farmer of Hand county, encourages his neighbors to a\\ndeeper interest in sheep-raising, and says:\\nI have never lost a single sheep from disease and rarely more than\\ntwo per cent, from any cause during a year. My greatest loss has always\\nbeen of old ewes, as I was always looking more to the increase of my\\nflock thai; per centum of loss. Began the winter of 1886-7 with 3i5 of all\\nages, at least fifteen of the number belonging to the class of relics. I\\nfed during the winter the headed straw from about 100 acres of wheat,\\ntwenty-five acres of millet hav, and twenty tons of weedy, wild hay, that\\nwas not fit for other stock. No grain whatever. The account is about as\\nfollows:\\nRECEIPTS.\\nWool, 2,547 pounds at 20 cents 1510 40\\nLambs, 140 at $2 280 00\\nPelts, 5 at $1 5 00\\nTotal $795 40\\nEXPENDITURES.\\nMillet hay, $4 per acre 100 00\\nStraw and wild hay 75 00\\nLabor 25 00\\nInterest on investment, including shed 100 00\\nTotal $300 00\\nBalance 495 40\\nA report is received from the owner of a herd of 1,800 sheep who\\nbrought his flock through the past winter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the severest known for years\\nwithout the loss of a single one.\\nIn the Black Hills many ranches are devoted exclusively to sheep rais-\\ning, and with the most satisfactory results.", "height": "4207", "width": "2439", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140 EESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MULES IN DAKOTA, 1886,\\nAnd their value, in comparison with each statu and territory of the Union.\\nRANK. STATES ANI) TEH. NUMBER. VALUE. DOLLARS.\\n40 WAS HINGTON TEH.. 1,231 102.247\\n39 NEVADA, 1,657 121,251\\n38 ARIZONA,\\n37 IDAHO,\\n36 WYOMING,\\n35 OREGON,\\n34 UTAH,\\n33 DELAWARE,\\n32 NEW YORK,\\n31 MICHIGAN.\\n311 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n29 WISCONSIN.\\n28 COLORADO.\\nMONTANA,\\n2G NEW JERSEY.\\n25 MINNESOTA,\\n24 NEW MEXICO.\\n23 FLORIDA,\\n22 DAK0TA,=S3Di\\n21 MARYLAND,\\n20 PENNSYLVANIA,\\n19 OHIO.\\n18 VIRGINIA.\\n17 CALIFORNIA.\\n16 NEBRASKA.\\n15 IOWA,\\n14 INDIANA,\\n13 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\n12 LOUISIANA.\\n11 KANSAS,\\n10 NORTH CAROLINA,\\n9 ARKANSAS,\\nKENTUCKY.\\n7 ILLINOIS.\\n6 ALABAMA,\\n5 GEORGIA,\\n4 MISSISSIPPI,\\n3 TEXAS,\\n1,863\\n37,862\\n2,436\\n210,714\\n2,850\\n198 887\\n3,155\\n229.086\\nHi 3,579\\n215,082\\n4,061\\n480,130\\nHBt 5 158\\n571 ,860\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0I 5,486\\n556,208\\nBH 6,540\\n495.399\\n8,010\\n754,877\\n1 8,165\\n685,224\\n9,229\\n662,181\\nHUH 3,407\\n1,136,749\\nHSBSl 0,447\\n1,036,624\\n^^L0 912\\n520,501\\nMUIUIl.789\\n1,107,284\\nH^ffil-964\\n(,(94,622\\nHHK 358\\n1,284,544\\nHBBH (370\\n2,615,691\\nHHE\u00c2\u00a33479\\n2,153,571\\nnkiM^\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\\n3,058.096\\nnmm^ 84\\n3.035.912\\nmmamssB^s\\n3,716,460\\nSEfe 4,186,822\\n4,495,201\\nStM/SBm 6.888.383\\n6,876.876\\nMlJiaiMLUiaffSalB\\n7.320,901\\nPfflffiffl^lffftffiBl 6.994.096\\ni^Y :-r=S _\\n8,566.439\\n8.883,535\\n10,476,670\\n11,194.624\\n13.980,552\\n12.953.958\\n9,037,232\\nHH 13,521,572\\n2 TEN NESS\\n1 MIsSSSliD ^9,633", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 141\\nFrom the indications of the present season, Dakota will soon be enti-\\ntled to as prominent a rank in the list of states and territories with regard\\nto mutton and the wool clip as she now takes when other farm products\\nare considered.\\nProbably there is no one line of farming ventures in the Territory\\nwhich has received the sudden enlargement of patrons and investments\\nas that of the sheep business. Especially is this true of the counties of\\nthe Black Hills, those bordering the Missouri river and sections of north\\nDakota,\\nMany herds were shipped into the Territory during the past summer,\\nand it is evident that there has been a widespread education of the farm-\\ners to the advantages of raising sheep in connection with the usual farm\\noperations of the prairie.\\nFor 1886 a very disastrous season to stock men the losses of sheep in\\nDakota were but 6 per cent., while in some of the states they were as\\nhigh as 11, 12 and 13 per cent.\\nThe rapid expansion, during the year or two past of the area planted to\\ncorn has naturally carried with it a marked growth in the number of hogs\\non the farms of Dakota. From January 1st, 1886, to January 1st, 1887,\\nthis increase amounted to 20 per cent. the undoubted result of the en-\\nlargement of the corn fields of the Territory.\\nIn 1880 there were but 63,394 hogs in Dakota\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a number which had in-\\ncreased to 427,176 in 18S6\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or nearly 700 per cent.\\nHogs do well on the native grasses during the summer and the fall, and\\nthroughout the year are remarkably free from the complaints usually af-\\nfecting swine. Hog cholera is a disease unknown in the Territory. The\\nlosses for swine for the year ending January 1st, 1887, were 6 per cent.\\nbeing less than occurred in twenty-five of the states, where the losses ran\\nall the way from 6.5 to 27 per cent.\\nFor many years the growers of stock will find a good demand at home\\nfor the surplus of their herds.\\nThe building of railways and the rush of immigration furnish a constant\\ndemand for mules and draft horses. Every day witnesses the importa-\\ntion of many car loads of work horses into Dakota from neighboring states\\nhorses, the sale and profit of which should be realized by our own\\nfarmers.\\nDairies and creameries are springing up in every locality, and have in-\\ncreased the value of milch cows in their vicinity, at least twenty-five per\\ncent.\\nThere is a strong demand for heifers for breeding purposes, oxen for\\nfarm work and fat steers for beef.\\nPork-packing establishments are increasing in number, and find a ready\\nmarket at home for every article manufactured.\\nThe mining districts of the Black Hills and the military posts and In-\\ndian agencies require immense quantities of beef and hog products, the\\ngreater portion of which is now brought in from abroad.", "height": "4211", "width": "2435", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "142 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFollowing are the views of some of the noted stock-growers of the North-\\nwest on the question of mixed farming, the advantage of the climate, the\\nrichness of our native grasses, the relative profits of raising cattle and\\nhorses, etc., etc.\\nDr. C. J. Alloway, Territorial veterinary surgeon, who has some fine\\nherds on his farm, near Grand Forks, says:\\nPhenomenal as has been the growth of wheat culture in Dakota, it is\\nadmitted on all sides that the cattle industry bids fair to more than equal it\\nin the rapidity with which it is taking hold. The experiments of a few\\npractical men in the past three or four years have so fully demonstrated\\nthe adaptability of the country to this industry, that those acquainted\\nwith these facts did not hesitate to make the breeding of live stock either\\nan important part of their agricultural undertaking, or, as hundreds have\\ndone, an absolute specialty of it.\\nIt has been pointed out that these vast grazing areas of the Northwest\\nwere the natural feeding grounds of the American buffalo, and it is reason-\\nable to presume that this was the case from the fact of their being so ad-\\nmirably adapted to that end. Had ihis soil not been fertile, abundantly\\nproductive, and its grasses nutritive, this page in Dakota s history would\\ncertainly have been wanting. A combination of circumstances have con-\\ntributed largely toward the opening up and advancement of the live stock\\ninterests of Dakota and Minnesota Chief among which are the quantity\\nand quality of the wild grasses to be met with everywhere, the purity\\nand abundance of the water, the ease with which root crops of all kinds\\ncan be grown, the favorable conditions of the climate, and a steady and\\nincreasing demand for beef, butter, cheese and milk. Another, and an\\nimportant consideration had not a little to do with this comparatively new\\nventure in agriculture in Dakota, namely: The fact that the great major-\\nity was depending solely upon the production of one article. It matters\\nnot whether that product brought a high price or a low one, the denizen\\nof Dakota always had to pay top prices for all the necessaries of life, not\\nexcepting flour. Pork, beef and provisions of every kind had to be ship-\\nped in, and, as in the case in all newly-opened regions where communi-\\ncation is imperfect and more or less difficult, provisions were necessarily\\nhard to procure, and correspondingly high in price. Chicago furnished\\nus with beef, pork, canned meats, at prices that were always high and\\nthat varied little, while the same commercial center bought our grain at\\nfigures that harmonized w T ith the caprices of the most powerful wheat\\nring on earth. To put this in another light, the farmer of Dakota invaria-\\nbly disposed of his wheat at the lowest market price, whereas he pur-\\nchased meats and other commodities, that he could as readily grow as\\nwheat, at the highest figure.\\nThe agriculturist of the Northwest has seen the error of his ways, and\\nas a consequence is branching more or less extensively into mixed farm-\\ning, and a great many that have the capital are going solely into the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 143\\ngrowing of live stock. Evidence of this radical change is apparent in\\nevery county in north Dakota, and, no doubt, is the same in the central\\nand southern portion.\\nProminent among the auxiliary enterprises developed by the growth\\nof the live stock industry of the Northwest, is the establishment of the\\nSt. Paul Union stock yards, at South St. Paul, and the organization of a\\nstock company of a similar nature at Minneapolis; the former with a capi-\\ntal of one and a half millions and the latter of one million dollars.\\nThe plant in the St. Paul Union stock yards is of the finest and most\\nimproved, and their entire equipment is unsurpassed in any country.\\nThis company has not only mammoth slaughtering, packing and render-\\ning houses, but has large buildings for feeding and bringing to perfection\\nanimals that are not yet ready for market. Elevators, feed-carriers hand-\\nsome offices, a bank and hotel, also form part of this important adjunct to\\nthe live stock intere sts of Dakota.\\nThe Minneapolis yards will also be on a very large and costly scale.\\nGround has already been broken and the various buildings are in course\\nof erection. These stock yards are intended to be second to none in point,\\nof accommodation and convenience, and will be ready for operation in\\nthe spring of 1888. To the cattle, sheep, and hog growers of the great\\nNorthwest these extensive establishments are of paramount importance,\\nand are a substantial evidence of the views held by the capitalists of these\\ntwo great Weatern cities of what they expect of the live stock traffic of\\nthis favored land of ours.\\nHeretofore the grower of beef, pork, or mutton was compelled to ship\\nhis produce to Chicago or Kansas City, whereas in the future he can al-\\nways find a ready market at one or the other of the twin cities. And he\\nwill further have the benefits of competing markets in close proximity to\\neach other.\\nWhile Minneapolis is to-day the greatest flour emporium in the world,\\nin less than ten short years her packing business is certain to equal, if it\\ndoes not surpass, that of her wheat and flour. The coming decade will\\nbring more marvelous changes to the farmer of Dakota in the matter of\\nlive stock than did the heretofore unparalleled increase in the production\\nof wheat.\\nThe preparation under way on so vast a scale, by the cities of St. Paul\\nand Minneapolis, with the purpose of controlling apart of Dakota s heavy\\nand increasing traffic in live stock, is being repeated with even more\\nenergy and investment, if possible, by a very near neighbor, also a suc-\\ncessful bidder for a share in the division of the live stock interests here-\\ntofore so largely in the hands of Chicago, viz. Sioux City, Iowa. The\\nUnion stock yards of Sioux City, although of recent establishment, trans-\\nact a daily business, during the shipping season, exceeding $30,00.0.\\nEvery facility science and experience has invented for the proper and\\neasy handling of stock, is here provided, including banks, hotels, offices,", "height": "4201", "width": "2389", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF HOGS IN DAKOTA, 1886,\\nAnd their value, in comparison with each state and territory of the Union.\\nRANK. STATES AND TEK.\\nNUMBER.\\nVALUE. DOLLARS.\\n47 WYOMING,\\n2,750\\n17.596-\\n46 ARIZONA,\\n1 13,700\\n54,804\\n45 RHODE ISLAND\\n14,107\\n130,130\\n44 NEVADA,\\n14,543\\n77,r?9\\n43 MONTANA,\\n20,263\\n119,163\\n42 NEW MEXICO,\\n20 990\\n131,505\\n41 COLORADO,\\n21,290\\n146,424\\n40 IDAHO,\\n28.100\\n147,525\\n39 UTAH,\\n28.656\\n237,052\\n38 DELAWARE.\\nm 42,654\\n304,977\\n37 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\n53,860\\n504, ?38\\n36 CONNECTICUT,\\n61,164\\n538,245\\n35 MAINE,\\n71,056\\n611,080\\n34 VERMONT,\\n74,856\\n589,688\\n33 MASSACHUSETTS.\\nfilial 76,840\\n775,319\\n32 WASHINGTON TER..\\njPffjjl 90,152\\n384,094\\n31 NEW JERSEY.\\n1.574,526\\n30 OREGON,\\niPPSs 5 879\\n656.523\\n29 MARYLAND,\\n1.789,077\\n28 FLORIDA,\\nm 8,108\\n729,768\\n27 MINNESOTA,\\ng|,918\\n1,943,730\\n26 DAKOTA,\\n176\\n2,314,013\\n25 WEST VIRGINIA,\\nJI 778\\n1,780,448\\n24 SOUTH CAROLINA. |g-\\nfa. 66\\n2,068,625\\n23 LOUISIANA.\\n1,754,567\\n22 NEW YORK,\\nJgB8\\n\u00c2\u00ae8\\n5,145,331\\n21 VIRGINIA,\\n3,237,570\\n20 MICHIGAN,\\n4,794,419\\n19 INDIAN TER.,\\n2,210,000\\n18 WISCONSIN.\\n5 314.284\\n17 CALIFORNIA,\\n3,841.409\\n16 PENNSYLVANIA.\\n7,750,178\\n15 MISSISSIPPI,\\n3,345,516\\n14 NORTH CAROLLNAjB\\n4,286,700\\n13 ALABAMA,\\n3 882 703\\n12 GEORGIA,\\n4.405,098\\n11 ARKANSAS,\\n4,030 203\\n10 KENTUCKY,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0:r- :f\\n6,905,247\\n9 TENNESSEE,\\n5,022,181\\n8 KANSAS,\\n11.055.240\\n7 OHIO,\\n12,067,882\\n6 nebraskJSH\\n13.073,336\\n5 INDIANAgf\\n13,396,880\\n4 TEXAS, H\\nSS^^i^^E\\n7,090,476\\n3 LLLiijBi^a^BMpB\\n8^19,997,572\\n2 BBSpi mb^bm\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0QKE32Q7\\nBtBISlSKlHB^MMHiiBiillUlBB", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 145\\nample yards, arrangements for feeding, housing, loading and unloading, etc.\\nThe six beef and pork-packing establishments of Sioux City, repre-\\nsent an outlay, covering the several plants, of more than a million dollars,\\nwith a capacity to prepare for market, daily, 1,500 head of beef cattle and\\n15,000 hogs, and transact a yearly business amounting to the enormous\\nsum of $23,000,000.\\nThese heavy investments made by the cities of St. Paul and Minne-\\napolis to handle the live stock shipped from the northern counties, and\\nby Sioux City as a market for the beef and hogs of south Dakota, is of\\nitself the weightiest proof of the rapid increase in the number of farm\\nanimals in the Territory.\\nExtract from a speech delivered at St. Paul by President J. J. Hill, of\\nthe St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway, himself a breeder of fine\\nstock\\nA few years ago it was said a man was pretty far from home when he\\nwas where he could not raise corn. Now a man goes a good way from\\nhome and finds he can raise corn. It is hard to say what you can and\\nwhat you can not raise. There is one thing the people lose sight of when\\nthey undertake to feed cattle th tt tkey can do it without corn. The highest\\nprice paid in the world for cattle sold on the hoof, is in a country where\\nthey never raise an ear of corn, and don t feed it. That is in the north-\\neast of Scotland, in the county of Aberdeen. They send their animals to\\nmarket in better condition, and get 1 cent or three-quarters ofacenta\\npound, at least, more for them than for any other cattle in the market, and\\nthey cannot raise corn.\\nIn addition to raising wheat, which has heretofore been our leading\\nagricultural product, the farmer can put in another crop that will be even\\nmore profitable. For the last four years I have been raising cattle. I\\nfeed my steers on grass, roots and cabbage, a little ground oats and oil\\ncake, and the last two weeks of feeding I give them a handful of cheap\\nbrown sugar if they do not eat their food up clean. Last December I sent\\nfour steers to Chicago to compete in the stock show with 600 fat cattle\\nfrom other states, and states that make a business of feeding cattle.\\n1 took the sweepstakes prize for the best two-year-old and then killed\\nand dressed him. He dressed at 1,354 pounds, and he dressed 71.4 per\\ncent, of his gross weight, and that was better than any other steer ever\\nseen in Chicago. Then the butchers came and didn t know whose ox was\\nbeing gored, so they were unbiased. They gave me the first prize for the\\nbest carcass of dressed meat, the first prize for the largest percentage of\\nedible food in the carcass, the first prize for largest per cent, of dressed\\nmeat to the live steer, the first prize for the best meat, and the gold\\nmedal. I took those prizes w T ith four steers in competition with about\\n600. I fed little or no corn. I fed them cabbage, turnips and ground\\noats. My farm had been cultivated for twenty-five years, and was pretty\\npoor land.", "height": "4219", "width": "2420", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "146 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nI sowed my turnips with a drill, cultivated them twice, thinned them\\nout and, when ripe, cut off the tops with a hoe. It cost 812.80 per acre to\\nraise them, and I got 860 bushels to the acre, the cost being less than one\\nand one-half cents to the bus! id. Now, the daily rations for 100 steers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and\\none man can take care of 100 steers consist first of 1,000 pounds of hay at\\n$3 per ton. There will be also 4.200 pounds of roots, or seventy bushels,\\nat two centsabushel and mine didn t cost one and one-half cents a bushel,\\nand were raised on poor soil Next come 400 pounds of ground grain at one\\ncent per pound, and 200 pounds of oil-cake at \u00c2\u00a720 per ton. The total ra-\\ntions then, for 100 steers for one day are 5,800 pounds of feed (or fifty-eight\\npounds for each animal), which costs $8.90, or 801 for ninety days. Now,\\ngood stockers three and one-half years old, average weight 1,150 pounds,\\ncan be bought for three cents a pound, or 83,450 for the herd of 100, mak-\\ning the total investment in feed and steers $4,251. Now, 100 steers should\\ngain 250 pounds each during the ninety days, making their average weight\\n1,400 pounds, or a total of 140,000 pounds, which, at four and one-half\\ncents a pound would be $6,300. The manure from these animals is worth\\none-third the whole cost of the feed. It would be cheap at $267. So we\\nwould show a total on the credit side of \u00c2\u00a76,567, or a profit of \u00c2\u00a72,316; \u00c2\u00a723.16\\nto each animal for three months.\\nThe following is the above information in a tabulated form:\\nDaily rations for 100 steers\\n1,000 lbs. hay \u00c2\u00a73 per ton \u00c2\u00a71.50\\n4,200 lbs. roots, 70 bu. 2 cents per bu 1.40\\n400 lbs. ground grain, 1 cent per lb 4.00\\n200 lbs. oil-cake \u00c2\u00a720 per ton 2.00\\n5,800 lbs, for one day s rations, cost \u00c2\u00a78.90\\nRations for ninety days, cost 801.00\\n100 steers, 1,150 lbs, each, 3 cent cost 3,450.00\\nTotal cost \u00c2\u00a74,251.00\\n100 steers, 1,400 lbs. ea 4} cents sell for 6,300.00\\nAdd one-third cost of feed for manure 267.00\\nTotal amount of sales \u00c2\u00a76,567.00\\nProfit 2,316.00\\nFrom an article published in the Northwestern Farmer and Breeder,\\nFargo, Dak., this additional testimony, concerning the profits of stock-\\ngrowing in the Northwest, is taken:\\nA set of Fairbank s farm scales were put up in a convenient place and\\nin the spring of 1884, when turning into pasture for the summer, (May\\n1st,) all the stock except the new milch and calf-bearing cows were\\nweighed. For identification I used the Dana ear tag, and when weighed\\non November 1st, the day we commenced barn-feeding, I found the ag-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n147\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF SHEEP IN DAKOTA, 1886,\\nAnd their value in comparison with ach state and territory of the Union.\\nHANK. STATES AND TE.i.\\nNUMBER.\\nVALUE. DOLLARS.\\nIHODE ISLAND\\n20,245\\n73,540\\n45 DELAWARE,\\n22,294\\n05,377\\n44 CONNECTICUT,\\n53,477\\n187,474\\n43 MASSACHi SETTS\\n63,270\\n211,164\\n42 FLORIDA,\\n90,183\\n160,886\\n41 NEW JERSEY,\\n106,339\\n381,013\\n40 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\nS\\n108,418\\n166,314\\n39 LOUISIANA.\\n33 MARYLAND,\\n37 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\nARKANSAS,\\n35 IDAHO,\\n34 MISSISSIPPI,\\n33 DAKOTA,\\n32 MINNESOTA,\\n31 ALABAMA,\\n30 VERMONT,\\n29 IOWA.\\n28 NEBRASKA.\\n27 VIRGINIA.\\n26 NORTH CAROLINA.\\n25 GEORGIA,\\n24 MAINE,\\n23 WYOMING,\\n22 WASHINGTON TER..\\n21 TENNESSEE,\\n20 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n19 ARIZONA,\\n18 UTAH,\\n17 NEVADA,\\n16 MONTANA,\\n15 KENTUCKY,\\n14 ILLINOIS,\\n13 INDIANA,\\n12 WISCONSIN,\\n11 PENNSYLVANIA.\\n10 KANSAS,\\n9 COLORADO,\\n8 MISSOURI.\\n7 NEW YORK.\\n6 MICHIGAN,\\n5 OREGON,\\nNEW\\n3 OHIO.\\nj^TE\\n1\\nSklilFO-KNIA\\n111,730\\n173,015\\n165,210\\n544.383\\n195,260\\n539,894\\n224,660\\n341,933\\n231,413\\n520,679\\n1 2*42,971\\n348,664\\n256,209\\n623,100\\n278,162\\n655,239\\n323,565\\n458,071\\n378,174\\n1,061,459\\nB 425,498\\n1,020,515\\nH 439,700\\n844,004\\nH 449,233\\n1,034,134\\n1 450,063\\n576,081\\n9 465,552\\n659,780\\ni 526,659\\n1,470,695\\nU 534,020\\n1,047 480\\n555,439\\n1.110.878\\nH561,515\\n846,877\\nBH693.666\\n1,297.042\\nB$27,201\\n1,003,522\\nBft!@58,285\\n1.343,692\\n^4,486\\n1,153,371\\nSk,688\\n1,762,197\\n062\\n1,997.569\\nM$^j,201\\n2,260,359\\n1|091\\n2.567,131\\njj Eipg544\\n2 230,462\\nHwld8|ft23\\n3,072,859\\nMJi!t^2\\n1.939,758\\njgEgMT8\\n1,845,579\\nwmiikizkx M2\\n1,968,838\\nMBbVablSfe\\n5,213,558\\n5.485.187\\n3,670.173\\n5,958,098\\n11,533,675\\n7,718,928\\n1,192", "height": "4219", "width": "2416", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "148 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ngregate gain in the 153 days, of sixty-three head, to be 20,055 pounds, an\\naverage of two and one-twelfth pounds per day, or 318f pounds per head.\\nAnalyzing the record I ascertained that the yearling steers, (fourteen\\nhead,) had gained 60 4-5 per cent, on their spring weights; four head of\\ntwo-year-olds, 47 per cent.; and five three-year-olds, 31 percent.; twenty-\\none yearling heifers, 85 per cent.; nine two-year-olds, 52| per cent.; and\\nten barren cows, 27 2-5 per cent. The general average gain of the lot was\\n47 4-5 per cent. Thus I obtained an answer to my first question.\\nEight head of milch cows were put in a small fenced field of some\\nthirty acres, that during the entire grazing season afforded more than\\nthe needed supply of grass, from which I was satisfied that three acres\\nper head was sufficient for summer pasture. The second question was\\nanswered.\\nIn passing, let me say that our pastures are entirely of native grass,\\ngood until October 1st, when failing somewhat, the stock is brought into\\nthe yards at night, given some corn fodder and allowed free access to ricks\\nof freshly threshed oat straw; but with the exception of our pure-breds\\nwe have never put our stock of cattle in barn for either shelter or feed\\nuntil the 1st of November.\\nThe question, which pays the best, horses or cattle, naturally comes\\nto the front. My records give me some figures upon which to work, and\\nfrom them I make up the following:\\nFirs Five head of 1883 steer calves from native heifers by a pure-\\nbred short-horn bull, show an aggregate weight, May 17, ,1884, of 2,320\\npounds; November 1, 1885, 5,515 pounds.\\nOn pasture during the summers of 1884 and 1885, for which I allow three\\nacreseach, each year, I charge, use of thirty acres at $5 per acre, 8 percent.,\\n$12. In the barns, from November 1, 1883, to April 30, 1884, and Novem-\\nber 1, 1884, to April 30, 1885, cost of winter feed, labor, and interest on\\ncost of building $10.50 each, each winter, in all, $106.\\nTotal cost of the five head $118.00\\nTheir value Nov. 1, 1885, 5,515 lbs. at 3\u00c2\u00a7 192.97\\nShowing profit of (63 per cent.) 74.97\\nSecond. Among my purchases in May, 1880, was a large, fine, seven-\\neighths bred short-horn cow, then in calf by a pare bred bull, for which\\nI paid $100. For convenience, I named her Fatty. May 1, 1885, we have:\\nFatty, then in calf, valued at 75\\nFatty 2d, on 1880 calf, in calf May 1, 1885 75\\nFatty 3d, on 1881 calf, in calf May 1, 1885 75\\nFatty 4th, on 1882 calf, in calf May 1, 1885 65\\nFatty 5th, on 1883 calf, heifer 50\\nFatty 6th, on 1884 calf, heifer 35\\nFatty, steer, on 1883 calf, from Fatty 2d 35\\nFatty, steer, on 1884 calf, from Fatty 3d 25\\nIn all, eight animals valued at $435", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 149\\nMy estimated cost of keep on the lot to May 1, 1885, was $240; shrink-\\nage in value on the old cow, $25; profit $170. Sixty-four ner cent, in aver-\\nage of two and one-half years, about 26 per cent, per year.\\nThird. In June, 1880, I purchased two good, common mares, .one in\\nfoal, that cost, Jaid down at the farm, $340. On the first of December,\\n1885, I find the two mares in foal by our pure bred French draft stallion,\\nValued at 300\\nOne colt in 1881, sold in 1884 for 200\\nTwo colts in 1882, sold in 1885 for 300\\nTwo colts in 1883, sold in 1885 for 335\\nTwo colts in 1884, on hand, valued at 225\\nTwo colts in 1885, on hand, valued at 100\\nThe total valuation amounting to $1,460\\nDuring the five and one-half years these mares were steadily at work,\\nboth summer and winter, more than earning their keep, but charging up\\ntheir keep as if kept only as brood mares, the debits would be about as\\nfollows:\\nKeep of mares and colts, including labor and interest on cost of\\nbuildings $420\\nShrinkage on the old mares 40\\nTotal cost $460\\nA clear profit of $1,000, 217 per cent, on an average of not to exceed\\nthree years.\\nThe total number of farm animals in the United States as compared with\\nthe figures of last year, are as follows:\\nStock.\\n1886.\\n188;\\nIncrease or\\ndecrease.\\nHorses 12,077,657 12,496,744\\nMules 2,052,593 2,117,141\\nMilch cows 14,235,388 14,522,083\\nOxen and other cattle 31,275,242 33,511,750\\nSheep 48,322,331 44,759,314\\nSwine 46,092,043 44,612,836\\n419,087\\n64,548\\n286,695\\n2,236,508\\n3,563,017\\n1,479,207\\nThe average values of ten years past are given in the table below.\\nYears\\nOther\\nHorses Mules Cows .ot+ip Sheep Swine\\n1878.\\n1879.\\n1880.\\n1881.\\n1882.\\n1883.\\n1884.\\n1885.\\n1886.\\n1887.\\n58 16\\n52 41\\n54 75\\n58 44\\n58 52\\n70 59\\n74 64\\n73 70\\n71 27\\n72 15\\n63\\n56\\n61\\n69\\n71\\n79\\n84\\n82\\n71)\\n78\\n70\\n06\\n26\\n79\\n35\\n49\\n22\\n38\\n60\\n91\\n26 41\\n17 14\\n2 25\\n21 73\\n15 39\\n2 07\\n23 27\\n16 10\\n2 21\\n23 1)5\\n17 33\\n2 39\\n25 89\\n19 89\\n2 37\\n30 21\\n21 SO\\n2 53\\n31 37\\n23 52\\n2 37\\n29 70\\n23 25\\n2 14\\n27 40\\n21 17\\n1 91\\n26 08\\n19 79\\n2 01\\n4 98\\n3 18\\n4 28\\n4 70\\n5 98\\n6 75\\n5 57\\n5 02\\n4 25\\n4 48", "height": "4185", "width": "2433", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "150 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAIRY PRODUCTS.\\nThe excellent quality of native forage results in the production of as\\nsweet milk and butter as can be found in the world. The yield of milk is\\nin excess of what one would expect from prairie fed cows and the quantity\\nand quality are kept up through the season with a constancy quite sur-\\nprising. This follows, undoubtedly, from the rich and nutritious proper-\\nties of the buffalo and gramma grasses, and from the fact that the prairie\\nforage cures upon the ground, retaining its strengthening qualities the\\nyear round.\\nX. A. Willard, of Little Falls, New York, a standard authority on dairy-\\ning, in his work, Practical Dairy Husbandry, says:\\nThe great American dairy belt lies between the fortieth and forty-\\nfifth parallels of latitude.\\n-x- -X-\\nThe characteristics of a good dairy country are high, undulating sur-\\nfaces; numerous springs and streams of never-failing water; a soil reten-\\ntive of moisture; a sweet and nutritious herbage that springs up spontan-\\neously and continues to grow with great tenacity; a rather low average\\ntemperature; frequent showers rather than periodical droughts; and suf-\\nficent covering of the ground in winter, to protect grass roots so that the\\nherbage may be permanent or enduring.\\nIn my opinion, upon this Northern belt of dairy lands, there is no de-\\nscription of farming promises better prospect of remuneration than the\\ndairy.\\nIt costs but little to keep milch cows in Dakota. The ranges are bound-\\nless in summer and hay or root crops for winter feeding cost but a trifle.\\nFarmers are turning their attention more and more to the enlargement of\\ntheir herds and as a result are deriving no small part of their income from\\nthe sale of milk and its products. In 1880 Dakota produced 2,000,955\\npounds of butter, 39,437 pounds of cheese and 415,119 gallons of milk.\\nFive years afterwards these amounts had increased to 10,804,260 pounds of\\nbutter, 116,557 pounds of cheese and 1,860,358 gallons of milk, while the\\nnumber of milch cows on the farm, had increased almost 500 per cent.\\nThe growing interest among the farmers in stock raising and their ap-\\npreciation of the profits to be derived from a herd of cows has led to the\\nestablishment of a great number of creameries and cheese factories in\\ndifferent sections of the Territory. These factories send out cream w T agons\\nand gather the cream from a wide area of country paying the farmer for\\nit a price equivalent to about a shilling a pound for butter.\\nA creamery will use, as a general thing, the milk from a thousand or\\nmore cows, scattered among the hundreds of farmers of the vicinity.\\nDakota, with advantages similar to her neighbor on the east, Minnesota,\\nwhere the farmers of the southern and central portion have been lifted\\nfrom poverty to prosperity by that great mortgage lifter, the cow, is des-\\ntined to become one of the greatest dairy states of the Union. When", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 151\\nour farmers, without exceptions, keep cows, sell butter, cream and cheese\\nand raise stock in connection with their farming operations then indeed\\nis the prosperity of the Territory assured.\\nComfortable homes, large barns and the ability to meet every obligation\\nare the rewards to the farmers who take a part of the investment from\\nthe wheat fields and expend it in cattle, horses, cows, sheep or hogs.\\nHon. Norman J. Coleman, the present United States Commissioner of\\nAgriculture, is with us in our endeavors to impress on the minds of the\\nnew comer that in mixed farming lies the surest road to success. These\\nare his words in a recent address to farmers:\\nGo to the great state of New York, the New England states, to Iowa,\\nMinnesota, and other states, and as you travel through the country you\\ncan tell when you come to the dairy region. There you see the finest\\nresidences, the most comfortable and best equipped stables and buildings,\\nthe best fences, the best surroundings, and if you can get into the bank\\nyou will find the largest bank accounts credited to the dairymen. Their\\nfarms, in the East, are worth from one hundred to two hundred dollars\\nper acre, notwithstanding the long winters, when they are compelled, on\\naccount of the severity of the weather, with the thermometer sometimes\\ndown to thirty or forty degrees below zero, to feed so many months of\\nthe year.\\nWOOL CROP.\\nlbs.\\n1870 _ _j 8 ,810\\n157,025", "height": "4157", "width": "2407", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "152 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMINERAL RESOURCES.\\nWe have at present but a faint idea of the real extent and importance\\nof Dakota s mineral wealth, owing to the lack of Government surveys\\nand the comparatively short time the Territory has been settled. The\\naverage Dakotaian has been engaged in the work of earning a home, and\\nin efforts to bring the surroundings up to a standard of civilization para-\\nmount to that of the locality whence he came; he has had but little\\ntime or inclination to study out what might be hid away beneath the\\nearth s surface. However, enough has already been discovered, (and\\nthese discoveries have been more in the way of an accident than the re-\\nsult of any systematic or learned investigation,) upon which to found a\\nreasonable prediction that nature has distributed the valuable and useful\\nminerals throughout the length and breadth of this vast Territory with\\nthe same bountiful hand that has provided the richest of soils and the\\nmost healthful climate in all the world.\\nDeposits of coal, petroleum, salt, tin, iron, copper, lead, marble, granite,\\nmica, asbestos, potter s clay, besides the precious metals in fact, almost\\nall of earth s treasures\u00e2\u0080\u0094 so far discovered and utilized by science,\\nare known to exist within the boundaries of Dakota. But, up to this time,\\nonly the precious metals, gold and silver, have been successful in wean-\\ning the inhabitants from such pursuits as go hand in hand with the devel-\\nopment of a purely agricultural community.\\nThe recent discoveries of wells of natural gas and the completion of the\\nmany lines of railroad projected in every direction, which will bring with-\\nin reasonable contiguity the immense coal fields and valuable mineral de-\\nposits of western Dakota and the markets of the eastern part, must certainly\\nresult in the rapid development of manufacturing interests in the Territory.\\nCapital is far-seeing, shrewd and aggressive, and such opportunities as\\nDakota offers to-day for lucrative investment in the development of the\\nmines of mineral wealth now lying dormant everywhere, will not go\\nbegging long.\\nThe day is not far distant when the amount of capital invested in mining\\nand manufacturing industries will bear no mean relationship to the agri-\\ncultural and stock interests of the Territorv.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "RESOUECES OF DAKOTA. 153\\nNATURAL GAS.\\nThe term natural gas, Prof. Weeks says, in his report to the director\\nof the United States geological survey, is the one almost universally ap-\\nplied to that mixture of several gases found by drilling in certain sec-\\ntions of the country; chiefly, and in the largest quantities, in western\\nPennsylvania and northern Ohio.\\nThe gas is mainly marsh gas, ethane, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and the\\nterm natural gas was applied to distinguish it from the artificially pre-\\npared gases of commerce. Natural gas is found in varying quantities all\\nthrough the United States, from the Hudson river in the East, to Cali-\\nfornia in the West.\\nIts earliest economic use in this country was, probably, in lighting the\\nvillage of Fredonia, Chautauqua county, New York, in 1821. For many\\nyears gas had been observed issuing from the crevices of the slate rocks\\nalong th ebanks of the creek on which Fredonia is built. A well, one and\\none-half inches in diameter, was put down twenty-seven feet, and the gas\\nconveyed to the buildings in which it was used, in wooden pipes. In 1824,\\non the occasion of Lafayette s visit, the village was lighted with natural\\ngas.\\nThe first use of natural gas in manufacturing, was in boiling salt, some\\ntwenty years after this, in tbe Kanawha valley of West Virginia.\\nIt was not until 1883 that natural gas began to be used extensively as a\\nfuel at Pittsburg and elsewhere in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Now, few of\\nthe important manufactories of the cities of Pennsylvania and Ohio, so\\nsituated as to obtain a supply of gas cheaply, use any other fuel. The\\namount of coal displaced by the use of natural gas in 188), is represented\\nby a money value of $5,000,000. That natural gas is stored beneath Dako-\\nta s surface, there is no longer any doubt, it has already been found in\\nseveral places in sufficient quantities to use for heat and light, with proper\\ndevelopment. So far, the discoveries were the result of accident, while\\nsinking wells in search of water, and no attempt has been made to save\\nor utilize the gas. If we except the well at Fargo, Cass county, which\\nwas sunk down several hundred feet last fall, when cold weather caused\\na suspension of operations there has never been any effort put forth to\\ndetermine the extent and quantity of natural gas underlying the Terri-\\ntory. Preliminary steps have been taken to immediately develop and\\nutilize the flow at all three of the localities where the actual existence of\\nnatural gas is being demonstrated daily, by its escape from rocky fissures\\nor from excavations made in search of water, viz.: Fargo, in Cass county,\\nJamestown, in Stutsman county, and in the southern part of Sully county.\\nStock companies of ample capital, have been formed in the three places\\nnamed, for the purpose of importing from the oil and gas fields of Penn-\\nsylvania the necessary tools, and experienced help to thoroughly test\\nthe value and extent of the supply. Capitalists familiar with the oil and\\nnatural gas districts of the East have carefully examined the geological for-", "height": "4193", "width": "2468", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "154 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nniation of these Dakota localities, and nave prospected the existing indi-\\ncations with a unanimous verdict to the effect that the same conditions\\nare found here, as have been observed to be essential to the gas fields of\\nPennsylvania and Ohio.\\nThe first record we have of the discovery of natural gas in the Territory,\\nwas that made by Mr. Oberlin, a farmer living in Sully county, about five\\nmiles northwest of the city of Blunt, who had dug a well some seventy-\\nfive feet deep, and not striking water, continued his investigation 135 feet\\ndeeper, with a two-inch auger. At this depth (something near 200 feet),\\nthe auger penetrated a vein of what the farmer termed foul air, from\\nthe fact that the poisonous effects of the strong flow came very near caus-\\ning his death. The hole was filled up and efforts begun to find water in\\nanother spot, with the same result as before, of a flow of foul air, and\\nthe filling up and abandonment of the well.\\nWhat the farmer pronounced foul air was natural gas, as has been\\ndemonstrated by later discoveries in the same vicinity.\\nThe next instance of a find of natural gas occurred during the summer\\nof 1885, and not far from the one first recorded. AVe give the following\\npublished account of the discovery\\nThere was no mistaking the real nature of the substance in this in-\\nstance. The escaping gas made a noise resembling that of an engine blow-\\ning off steam, and could be heard as far. This flow threw out stones as\\nlarge as hen s eggs; and a sledge hammer, weighing fourteen pounds,\\nplaced over the pipe, would be kept bouncing up and down continuously,\\nIt blew with such force that it could not be lighted next to the mouth of\\nthe pipe, except by holding a burning brand over it; but when an attempt\\nwas made to light it above, some six or eight feet, it burned finely, making\\na blaze some ten or fifteen feet high and six to eight feet wide. This was\\nby far the strongest flow of gas ever struck here. Owing to the pipes\\nblowing full of sand and gravel, the flow would die down and almost\\ncease, but as soon as the auger would be put down and the pipe cleared\\nout, it would continue as strong as ever.\\nThis well, like the others, was abandoned and allowed to fill up. A few\\ndays ago the interest caused by later discoveries and a better understand-\\ning of the value of the find, led to a partial cleaning out of the well, when\\nthe same roarirg sounds were heard as the gas forced its way through\\nsome thirty feet of mud and water with a pressure estimated at fifteen\\npounds to the square inch. The gas was lighted and burned freely.\\nMajor Powell in his report on the Mineral Resources of the United\\nStates, 1885, speaks of the discovery of natural gas in the Territory, and\\nsays:\\nThe gas was found in a vein of gravel, five feet thick and 140 feet below\\nthe surface, the pressure being so great as to send up gravel from the\\nbottom of the vein. The gas when lighted showed a blue-green flame,\\nbut would only burn when a hot iron rod or burning brand was held over\\nthe escape-pipe. The flame reached above five feet in height.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES 0* DAKOTA. 155\\nLater, a gas well was struck in the same way, while boring for water, on\\na farm a mile nearer Blunt, but owing to the proximity of the well to the\\nfarm buildings the owner of the property refused to allow it to be fired.\\nThe discoveries in this locality, and during the present year, which have\\nled to the organization of a stock company with a capital of $50,000, for\\nthe purpose of carrying the gas into the city of Blunt, where it is to be\\nused for heating and lighting the city, and the building up of manufacto-\\nries, are described by one who has visited the spot and examined the\\nwells, as follows:\\nF 7 On the 24th of February, while boring for water, Mr. R. M. McClure,\\nliving on 23-113-77, Summit township, Sully county, eight miles northwest\\nof Blunt, struck a vein of gas at a depth of 190 feet. A lighted match was\\napplied and it showed signs of force, burning a flame at least four feet high.\\nGas not being the object of Mr. Mc( lure s search, he pulled out his\\ntubing, abandoned the hole, and proceeded to sink another, about\\ntwenty or twenty-five rods north, on a line nearly from his house, in\\nhopes of striking water. At a depth of 194 feet another vein of gas was\\nstruck, which appeared to flow freely and with greater force than the first\\none, and burned with a steady flame. This shafting was also removed,\\nand the hole allowed to fill up with dirt, and no signs of escaping gas can\\nnow be noticed. Mr. McClure is perfectly satisfied with the quality, and\\nthinks from the force of the flow that there can be no doubt about the\\nsupply.\\nMr. Edward Thompson, proprietor of the Blunt roller mills, who ac-\\ncompanied the writer, while something of a scientist, lays no claims to\\nany special knowledge of the geological formations or science of the earth,\\nyet he questioned closely both Mr. McClure and Mr. Dempsey the gen-\\ntleman in charge of the drilling machinery concerning the different\\nstrata through which they passed in boring these holes, and it seems just\\nbefore striking the gas vein that they drilled for a number of feet in a soft\\nslate-stone. There seems to be very little smell to the gas, and what little\\nthere is has a tendency toward the fumes of evaporating kerosene.\\nGoing to the hole fiist mentioned, we were informed that it had never\\nbeen closed; that after its first discovery it was allowed to burn steadily\\nfor three weeks, and was used to melt snow for stock and family use, pro-\\nducing heat sufficient to melt in an hour s time a barrel of water using a\\nlarge tin pan for a kettle. The snow, however, as it melted in the spring\\nran down the hole, and it was supposed to be partly filled with water and\\ndirt, yet gas was continually escaping, said Mr. McClure, and a match was\\nlighted, held over the hole, and to our great surprise there came forth a\\nflame of light which carried a feeling of satisfaction with it, substantiating\\nbeyond a doubt, every utterance by Mr. McClure.\\nOn the 17th of May, Mr. McClure, while continuing his search for water,\\nstruck this vein for the third time. The last well, from all reports, is a\\nregular gusher blazing up when fired, to a height of fifteen feet, not-", "height": "4214", "width": "2371", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "156 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nwithstanding the fact that the well is full of slush, and no attempt has\\never been made to clean it out. Mr. McClure has since utilized the flow\\nof natural gas in supplying heat for doing the family cooking.\\nThe presence of natural gas in any quantity in the vicinity of Fargo,\\nCass county, was first discovered something over a year ago on the Mon-\\nson farm, eleven miles north, although for a long time previous small\\nflows of gas had been observed in many of the wells dug in that city.\\nDuring the fall of 1886, a company was formed which built a derrick, im-\\nported tools from Pennsylvania and sunk a well several hundred feet, in\\nsearch of the main storage-reservoir of this gas. Cold weather put an end\\nto the operations, but a stock company, lately organized, proposes to con-\\ntinue the well to a depth of 2,000 feet, where it is thought, the heavy vein\\nwill be struck. Scientists have made a careful examination of the coun-\\ntry, and agree that natural gas probably underlies the entire Red River\\nvalley.\\nThe flow of the well on the Monson farm has continued unabated\\nfor over a year.\\nWithin the year past, natural gas was found while sinking an artesian\\nwell at Jamestown, Stutsman county. The flow was sufficiently strong to\\nforce the gas through 1,300 feet of pipe filled with water, to the surface of\\nthe ground where, when lighted, it burned brightly with a flame over a\\nfoot in height. This seems to settle the question of the existence of a\\nstrong vein of natural gas underlying the James River Valley. A syndi-\\ncate of the most influential and wealthy citizens of Jamestown have or-\\nganized a stock company with the determination of prosecuting the work\\nof developing natural gas to a profitable end.\\nIn sinking wells in the oil fields to the west of the Black Hills a consid-\\nerable flow of natural gas has always been encountered, though no attempt\\nat a systematic investigation has ever been made.\\nIt would seem then, that there is no foundation for reasonable doubt of\\nthe existence of large bodies of natural gas underlying the Missouri,\\nJames, and Red river valleys and the Wyoming coal fields of the Black\\nHills.\\nThe following conclusions by leading scientists as to where natural gas\\nis likely to be found, are of interest. Professor Lesley of Pennsylvania\\nsays:\\nWhere the rock formations lie approximately horizontal and have re-\\nmained nearly undisturbed over extensive areas, there is always a chance\\nof finding gas (if not oil) at some depth beneath the surface, deter-\\nmined by the particular formation which appears at the surface. And,\\nwherever rock oil has been found, there and in the surrounding region,\\nrock gas is sure to exist.\\nProfessor Orton, state geologist for Ohio, in an elaborate report upon\\npetroleum and inflammable gas, says that there is nothing to establish a\\nrule that natural burning gas can be found only in the neighborhood of", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 157\\ndeposits of petroleum, and he cites the wells of Indiana, located entirely\\nwithout the oil belt. Professor Orton lays down a rule of three condi-\\ntions needful to the formation of a natural reservoir containing gas, viz.:\\nA range of highly porous rock, through which the gas traverses, as\\nthrough pipes; a large fissure into which it flows, and a cap, or lid of im-\\npervious rock or clay, which will prevent its escape from the reservoir.\\nThe Trenton, Berean and Magnesian limestone formations have furnished\\nthe first two conditions in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. Other rocks\\nmay furnish it for other regions. The cap, or lid, is sometimes of shale,\\nsometimes of dense, impervious limestone. The professor disproves the\\ntheory that natural gas is a product of the natural distillation of petro-\\nleum, but insists that the forces which make natural gas are at work\\nuniversally, and therefore natural gas can be found almost everywhere.\\nWith a discovery of an extended area of natural gas; inexhaustible coal\\nfields, mines of tin, lead, copper, iron, nickel, gold, silver, and other\\nminerals useful to the manufacturer; with flax to supply any number of\\ntow and oil mills; with wheat for countless flour mills; marble, granite,\\nand all the valuable building stones, to be quarried, hewn and polished;\\nvegetables for the. canning factories; with the live stock interests to\\nbuild up creameries, dairies, cheese factories, pork and beef packing es-\\ntablishments, it is apparent that no other country in the world, offers as\\ngreat inducements for the safe and profitable investment of capital in the\\ndevelopment of mineral wealth and the erection of manufactories, as is\\npresented today, in this wonderland of Dakota.\\nMARBLE, GRANITE, SANDSTONE, QUARTZITE, JASPER, ETC.\\nAt Sioux Falls, Dell Rapids and other points of southeastern Dakota,\\nalong the Big Sioux river, there is an out-cropping of the most remarkable\\ndeposit of quartzite (granite or jasper) ever discovered on the Continent.\\nAt Sioux Falls, nearly eighty feet of the rock is exposed and, at Dell\\nBapids, the perpendicular cliffs of quartzite on either bank of the Sioux\\nriver tower to a height of sixty feet above the stream. Some idea of\\nthe inexhaustible quantities of this beautiful and useful mineral ma}- be\\ngained from the report of Major Powell, on the United States Geological\\nSurveys, 18S3-4; who estimates the thickness of the deposit to be no less\\nthan 3,000 to 4,000 feet,\\nIt is said by mineralogists to be equal to the finest granite quarried in\\nScotland. The texture and color vary somewhat, though generally of a\\nreddish or flesh color, and exceedingly tine-grained. The stone polishes\\nbeautifully, taking a glass-like surface, and is as hard, almost, as a diamond\\na sharp fragment of the jasper cutting glass with the ease of a glazier s\\njewel.\\nThe J. H. Drake company, (which discovered the commercial value of\\nthis beautiful stone, and invented the elaborate and powerful machinery\\nnecessary to work it,) has invested 880,000, at Sioux Falls, in a plant for\\npolishing the stone, and a large number of skilled mechanics are em-", "height": "4216", "width": "2451", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "158 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nployed in the manufacture of elegant designs of ornamental and monu-\\nmental work, which are shipped to all parts of the country.\\nRecently, this company has added to its industry, the working into\\nvarious shapes, and the polishing of chalcedony, (wood brought from a\\npetrified forest in Arizona Territory,) being the only firm in the world\\nwhich has succeeded in the undertaking.\\nThe working of these quarries forms a leading industry of Sioux Falls,\\nIves, and Dell Rapids, and hundreds of men are engaged in the work of\\nchipping the granite into shape for paving blocks, which go to Omaha, to\\nChicago, and other Eastern cities, and the dressing of building stone\\nwhich is used in the finest structures at home and abroad. The pay-roll\\nof a single concern, operating quarries at these points, amounts to $24,000\\neach month.\\nEight hundred car-loads of this granite were shipped last year, from the\\ncity of Dell Rapids alone.\\nIn the Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885, we find the fol-\\nlowing notice of the Sioux Falls quartzite\\nThis stone is susceptible of a very high polish, and is found in a variety\\nof pleasing tints, such as chocolate, brownish red, brick red, and yellowish.\\nThe polished material has been sold to the amount of $15,000 duringthe\\nlast two years, (a trade which has increased wonderfully during the two\\nyears since the above was written,) and polishing works, run by water\\npower, have been erected, and so ingeniously are they contrived that pil-\\nlars, pilasters, mantels, and table tops can be made here as cheaply\\nas anywhere. The pilasters of the German- American bank, in\\nSaint Paul, Minnesota, and the columns in the doorway of the Chamber\\nof Commerce building in the same city, are of this beautiful jasper. It is\\nlikely to become one of our choicest ornamental stones, especially effec-\\ntive in combination with the Minnesota red granite. Its great tensile\\nstrength, its high, almost mirror-like polish, the fact that though so high-\\nly polished, the stone is not slippery, the large pieces that can be quarried\\nout, and the pleasing variety of colors, all combine to render this one of\\nthe most desirable building stones. Polishing mills have been built of\\nsufficient capacity to polish $100,000 worth per annum, and in view of the\\nunequaled facility with which it can be prepared for use, it can be made\\ninto tablets, blocks, columns, and tiles to advantage, and employed for\\nfine interior and monumental work or in the more artistic branches of\\nstone work.\\nIn the Black Hills are found extensive deposits of marble, sandstone,\\nand other valuable and ornamental building stones, of fine texture and\\ngreat beauty of color. These are described more at length in the article\\non the Mineral Resources of the Black Hills, contained in the following\\npages of this publication.\\nBeds of lime and sandstone are found in a few scattered localities out-\\nsi ie of the Black Hills, but in rather limited quantities. However,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 159\\nenough, stone for -walls, foundations, and the usual requirements of build-\\ning can be had in nearly every county of the Territory. Where no regu-\\nlar deposit of stone is to be found boulders, broken up by heavy sledges\\nare employed, and make a good wall.\\nOIL.\\nIt is reported that petroleum has been discovered in the Turtle Moun-\\ntains region, lying in Rolette county, on the northern boundary of the\\nTerritory. While the report lacks verification, there is little doubt of\\nthe existence of oil there, and, because of the rapid settlement now going\\non in that hitherto undeveloped region, important discoveries of hidden\\nwealth may be looked for.\\nThe surfaces of the springs at the foot of the mountains have always been\\ncovered over with a scum of oil a piece of paper saturated in which\\nwould ignite quickly, and burn with the fierce flame plainly indicating its\\nproperties.\\nOil, in considerable quantities, has been discovered on the western\\nslope of the Black Hills in Wyoming, and is used even now, in fact, for\\nlubricating the heavy machinery of the mining districts.\\nIt only needs time to demonstrate the presence of oil beneath the sur-\\nface of Dakota sufficient perhaps, for all demands of home consumption.\\nCOAL.\\nThe whole country west of the Missouri river and a large part of the\\nsurface of north Dakota is underlaid with a deposit of lignite coal, which\\ncrops out in many places in veins sometimes twenty feet in thickness.\\nThis lignite, or brown coal, is of soft variety, excellent for heating purposes,\\nand has been tested and found to possess gas-making qualities, superior\\nto almost any coal discovered on the Continent. It is denned by mineralo-\\ngists to be one of the most recent geological formations, Post Tertiary, more\\nrecent than the anthracite or bituminous coal of the Carboniferous period.\\nIt retains, to a great extent, the texture of the wood from which it was\\nformed; and, in mining lignite, vegetable matters are often met with in\\nvarious stages of their conversion into mineral coal. Sometimes it is more\\naltered in structure, so that its vegetable character is more indistinct; the\\nbeds presenting stratified bodies of dark, nearly black substance, with a\\nconcoidal fracture.\\nDeposits of lignite occur in many localities of the United States outside\\nof Dakota, notably at Brandon, Vt., Virginia, Texas, Kansas, Oregon,\\nWyoming, Washington Territory, California, as well as in some of the\\ncountries of Europe.\\nThe proportion of carbon in this variety of coal is found to vary, by\\ndifferent analyses, from fifty to seventy per cent.\\nTo Mr. C. W. Thompson, of Bismarck, who has had a lengthy experi-\\nence in the mining and handling of Dakota coal, this office is indebted for\\nthe following analysis of the lignite found in the Territory:", "height": "4198", "width": "2427", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "160 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMoisture 12.1\\nFixed carbon 58.5\\nVolatile 27.0\\nAsh 2.4\\nTotal 100.0\\nSpecific gravity 1.30\\nWhile inferior to anthracite, or the best qualities of bituminous coal,\\nlignite burns readily and lurnishes the settlers of a prairie country with\\nthat inestimable boon, cheap domestic fuel. At present, because of the\\nlack of transportation facilities, only the outcroppings are worked, and,\\ngenerally, for the supply simply of the settlers of the immediate neighbor-\\nhood. The completion of the north and south roads already in course of\\nconstruction, will place the immense coal fields of the northern part of\\nthe Territory within easy reach of every village; and a good quality of\\nsoft coal can then be had as low at $2 per ton, and even in the more dis-\\ntant towns, not exceeding $4.50 per ton. Already, along the Northern Pa-\\ncific railway at Sims, in Morton county, Dickinson, in Stark county, and\\nLittle Missouri, in Billings county, coal mining is carried on quite exten-\\nsively and thousands of tons are shipped as far east as Jamestown. It is\\nestimated that during the past winter, ten thousand tons were shipped\\ninto the city of Bismarck alone, where it is retailed for \u00c2\u00a753.50, after paying\\na tribute of $1 per ton to the only railway line thus far reaching into the\\ncoal fields. Recent railroad developments will result, at an early day, in\\nopening to market the extensive coal areas surrounding the Devils Lake,\\nTurtle Mountains, and Mouse river countries, as also of McLean, Mercer,\\nand Emmons counties which contain some of the richest deposits of coal,\\nyet found, but are too distant from present railway facilities.\\nOn the north, south, and west of the Black Hills are hundreds of thous-\\nands of acres of coal in veins of from five to twenty feet in thickness, en-\\ntirely undeveloped, owing to the distance from railways and the cost of\\ntransportation. In Day county, in the YYessington Hills, at Plankinton,\\nat Huron, at Yankton, and many other localities of south Dakota there are\\nevery indications of the existence of good veins of coal, at a greater or less\\ndistance beneath the surface. The great Sioux Indian reservation will\\nundoubtedly prove to be one of the richest coal fields of the Territory,\\nwhen Congress shall have opened the lands to settlement, which will per-\\nmit of a systematic and scientific investigation of the mineral resources\\nhidden away there. It is authoritatively reported that during the winter\\nseason the Indians bring in and sell to the settlers in the vicinity of\\nScranton and LeBeau, in Walworth county, coal from the Moreau river, in\\nthis reservation, which fully equals in quality the best grade of Pennsyl-\\nvania anthracite. An observing writer has said with great truthfulness,\\nthat if the people of Dakota were compelled to rely on the home supply\\nfor fuel, they would find beneath the surface, everywhere, millions of tons", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "i02 v iong,\\nMAP\\nshowing the known\\nCOAL AREA of DAKOTA.\\nDrawn for the\\nCommissioner of Immigration,\\nby C. If. Thompson,\\nBismarck, I). T. June 10th, 1887,\\n-^.Carman j\\nA\\nDu frost\\nGlenboro\\nGretna fr \\\\JEro erson\\n\u00c2\u00b0J7anKaft\\n^^sJPtefcM\\n;s f m i g a v a l e R f Sf n w w.\\nUow Gertrude J\\\\Thoma3* jt-\\nRf^a* iirr- cShs^ji\\n-\u00c2\u00a3eJd b Y ReVeoldfV t\\n^C 5 STUTSMAN UM _^\\nasr i o L\u00c2\u00bby -y ^kL-4-A^-3C gfcS\\njj K I S T~A\\nA AN E 8, MIS,..\\nw*-! \u00e2\u0080\u00a2-AS Rlce 9 I \u00e2\u0080\u009eXapoleon\\n^aPJNKP/ WllSiusuorl\\nport\\nI/OGAN MOU\\\\RE^\\n^7 E hleyi\\n_ ununm*\\nSliSftT PINE S\\nsi: -MTmiffSflla\\nfc^.\\nlELJ e\\nMC PHERSON i\\nHillsvicw jLeola\\nAMPeELU\\nFo^tiia nT __\\n*\\\\\u00c2\u00a3IS\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00a3TQ\\nfutons ahd\\nNG i c$fe r o s f^^\\nif/** ^j ThSmsn^fflaL", "height": "4219", "width": "2441", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "i\\ntur iiii urn m i,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 161\\nof the best of coal, and that in less than three years the cost would be cut\\ndown to one-luilf the present burden.\\nIn any one of several counties of the north, there is enough coal\\nnow in sight to supply the Territory with fuel for untold generations.\\nFarmers haul wagon loads to the nearest towns the same as wood and sell\\nit, the coal, at from one to two dollars a ton.\\nMICA.\\nSurface indications of mica are found along the streams and in the hills\\nvery generally throughout the Territory although the quality and quan-\\ntity of the hidden deposits remain practically undemonstrated. Only in\\nthe Black Hills have any attemptsbeen made to mine mica commercially.\\nMajor Powell, director of the United States geological surveys, esti-\\nmates the annual output of the mica mines of the Black Hills at 18,150\\npounds, in sheets varying in size from three to sixteen inches, valued at\\nan average price of $3 50 per pound, or, a total annual product of the value\\nof $63,525.\\nThis office is in receipt of authentic information of the discovery, this\\nspring, of an extensive mica bed in the vicinity of Minot, the new and\\nbustling town of Ward county, established on the main extension of the\\nSt. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway. Also of the discovery of\\nquite a heavy deposit of mica along the Elm river near Frederick, in\\nBrown county. There is no doubt that mica is an abundant mineral\\nin the Territory, and although it has been mined as yet only in one local-\\nity, theie is a promising outlook for this industry in the future, from the\\nfact of the rapidly decreasing supply furnished by the mines of North\\nCarolina and New Hampshire, which have heretofore controlled the\\nmarket. Fine, large sheets of mica now command a price as high as $10\\nper pound.\\nTHE HOT SPRINGS OF FALL RIVER COUNTY.\\nThese famous thermal springs, the Wi-wi-la-kahta or hot water of\\nthe Lakotahs, the healing properties of which have been a local tradi-\\ntion from time immemorial among their tribes, are located in the Black\\nHills about twelve miles southwest of Buffalo Gap, a station on the Fre-\\nmont, Elkhorn, and Missouri Valley railroad.\\nThe following bit of Indian lore taken from a pamphlet descriptive of\\nthis locality will be read with interest\\nTwo hundred and fifty seven years ago an epidemic of great virulence\\nattacked all of the Indian tribes of North America, and it soon became\\nmanifest that the whole race would become extinct if the fell destroyer\\nwas not arrested. The healing qualities of mineral waters had long been\\nknown to the Indians, and they resorted to the waters of the East and\\nSouth in their dire distress, but with little success. At this period of\\ntheir great affliction, when the ranks had been decimated by fell dis-\\nease, when hope was almost extinguished, when death had again and\\nagain entered the wigwam of chief and warrior, when lamentation for\\n(6)", "height": "4215", "width": "2383", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "162 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ntheir dead had become universal, a messenger arrived from the Great West\\nwith news of a wonderful water which he said had been touched by the\\nfinger of the Great Spirit, and that this water would cure all manner of\\ndisease. With the same eagerness that the people of all ages have seized\\nupon a last resort for ills, the Indians seized upon this hope, and they re-\\npaired by thousands to these most wonderful waters, and were saved.\\nFrom that time to this, these waters (the Dakota Hot Springs,) have been\\nthe great resort of the Indians in the West. It is a well-known fact in\\nthe West that they, to this day, believe the Black Hills of Dakota is the\\nabode of the Great Spirit.\\nIn years after the event spoken of, the Cheyennes, becoming power-\\nful, took possession of these springs, and built an immense city which\\ncovered many hundreds of acres. The remains of this once great Indian\\ncity are still plainly apparent, and the evidence is seen upon the lands ad-\\njacent to and within a circuit of many miles around the springs. Years\\nafter this, the Sioux Nation becoming powerful, a constant war was waged\\nbetween them and the Cheyennes, one to gain and the other to hold pos-\\nsession of these waters. Forty-seven years ago a great battle was fought\\nbetween these tribes, at a point about one mile east of the springs, at a\\nplace called Battle mountain, where fortifications of the besieged Chey-\\nennes still remain in a good state of preservation.\\nIn this great battle the Sioux was victorious, and thereby gained con-\\ntrol of the Hot Springs, and retained possessed of them until the treaty\\nwith the United States Government, ratified by Congress, February 27th,\\n1877. The Sioux Indians were more loth to part with these springs than\\nall the rest of the Black Hills, and they permitted no whites to enter the\\nHills at the point where the springs are located. It was occupied by the\\nIndians and their half-breed allies, until the year 1880, when the first\\nwhite men were permitted to make settlement here. At this time the\\nsquaw-men were in possession of the springs, they having obtained them\\nfrom the Indians, or through the privilege or the knowledge derived from\\nthem. The present owners of the springs bought the water-right in the\\nautumn of 1881. Tents and tepees had formerly been used for hospitals and\\nbathing purposes, but the last owners had erected a log house over one of\\nthe bath tubs, and built several log cabins for the accommodation of those\\nseeking the baths. Min-ne-kah-ta bath tub, the only one here when\\nbought in 1881, was hewn out of the solid rock by the Indians, and made\\nin the form of a moccasin, with the toes as the places for the water to dis-\\ncharge. The company still preserve the original Indian bath tub, and\\nthe hundreds that have bathed in it, pronounce it the most luxurious and\\nperfect in the world.\\nThe waters from this group of springs are highly charged with electric-\\nity, add flow out in a great volume at a temperature of about 96\u00c2\u00b0. Follow-\\ning is a chemical analysis of the waters", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 1G3\\nCO NSTIT U ENTS G E A I XS\\nSilica 2.4G4\\nPeroxide of iron a trace\\nCalcium sulphate 10.352\\nMagnesium sulphate 4.320\\nSodium sulphate 25 6 9\\nPotassium sulphate j\\nSodium, chloride, and potassa 13.790\\n62.546\\nThe fame of the remarkable medicinal properties of thevHot Springs\\nin the cure of chronic diseases, such as rheumatism, neuralgia, dyspepsia,\\nkidney diseases, and ail disorders of the blood, bids fair to outrival that\\nof the Hot Springs of Arkansas, or New Mexico, or of the waters of Wau-\\nkesha or Saratoga. The springs are controlled by The Dakota Hot\\nSprings company, incorporated under the laws of the Territory, which\\nhas expended a large sum of money in the erection of buildings, bath-\\nhouses, etc., and the improvement oi the grounds.\\nThe main building of the hotel is 40x128 feet, with wings 30x60 feet,\\ncontaining about seventy rooms for the accommodation of guests, and cost\\nover $40,000.\\nThe location of these springs amid the most beautiful scenery of the\\nBlack Hills, and at an elevation of nearly 4,000 ieet above sea level, thus\\ninsuring to the patient a clear, pure, dry atmosphere\u00e2\u0080\u0094 must, assuredly re-\\nsult, some day, in building up one of the grandest health resorts in\\nAmerica.\\nAbout ten miles southwest of the Hot Springs is another group,\\ncalled the Cascade Springs, the waters of which are somewhat colder,\\nhaving a temperature of from 50\u00c2\u00b0 to 60\u00c2\u00b0.\\nNear Waterbury, in Jerauld county, are some famous sulphur springs\\nflowing a heavy stream of water, supposed to be adequate even, fur mill-\\npower. AVe regret the lack of an analysis of the waters, and more com-\\nplete information.\\nBIUCK CLAY, POTTER S CLAY, CEMENT, ETC., ETC.\\nClay of excellent quality for the manufacture of brick is abundant every-\\nwhere, and brick-yards are located in all towns where there is a demand\\nfor building material.\\nIn the cities of more importance, of south Dakota, of central Dakota\\n-of north Dakota, of the Black Hills, one sees on every hand the massive\\nblocks and neat dwellings, constructed of brick of home manufacture\\nwhich Avould do credit to any metropolis in the East.\\nThis clay is suitable, also, for the manufacture of pressed and fire brick\\nand terra-cotta industries already developed to some extent.\\nThe Yankton pressed brick company, (Yankton county,) is pressing\\nbrick by machinery, at the rate of 20,000 per day, and has recently", "height": "4177", "width": "2416", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nadded to its plant the power from an artesian well sunk for the purpose.\\nNearly 200 car-loads of brick were exported last year from the one city of\\nYankton.\\nIn the Black Hills are found inexhaustible beds of gypsum, which is\\nmanufactured into a fine quality of plaster of Paris. The entire supply of\\nthis article for the Northwest will come from the mills of the Hills as soon\\nas better railway facilities are provided.\\nA good quality of cement and lime is made from rock found in different\\nlocalities of the Territory, especially in the Black Hills.\\nAt Yankton, in Yankton county, the chalk rock and blue clay abounding\\nthere, when crushed, ground and burned, is said to produce the genuine\\nPortland cement.\\nSamples of the shale, underlying the James River valley in vast beds,\\nwere taken to England to be experimented on, and some fine specimens\\nof pottery were produced, having a terra-cotta color, and susceptible of a\\nvery high polish.\\nIn the vicinity of Rapid City, Pennington county, Black Hills, a good\\nquality of potter s clay is found, and steps have been taken to utilize it\\nin a pottery establishment now in course of construction.\\nThe Territory of Dakota has established the office of Commissioner of\\nImmigration for the purpose of furnishing to home-seekers free and cor-\\nrect information on all matters pertaining to the growth and develop-\\nment of the agricultural, manufacturing, commercial and mining interests\\nof Dakota. Communications addressed to the Commissioner, Pierre,\\nDakota, will receive prompt attention.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 165\\nTHE BLACK HILLS.\\nThe term, Black Hills, has at various times been applied to different\\nsections of country lying between the Missouri river and the Rocky\\nmountains. At the present time it is used to designate an isolated and\\ndistant group of mountains and their accompanying foot-hills, lying prin-\\ncipally in the Territory of Dakota, but partly in Wyoming, and inclosed\\nby the two main branches of the Big Cheyenne river, which unite at a dis-\\ntance of fifty miles northeast from the central hills, and form the Big\\nCheyenne.\\nThe tract of country known as the Black Hills is included between the\\nmeridians 25\u00c2\u00b0, 30 and 28\u00c2\u00b0, longitude west from Washington, and ;between\\n43\u00c2\u00b0, 20 and 44\u00c2\u00b0, 45 north latitude. The boundary line between the\\nTerritory of Dakota and Wyoming, is on the twenty-seventh meridian\\nwest from Washington, consequently about two-thirds of this area lies\\nwithin the limits of Dakota.\\nThe highest uplifts of the Hills, and the greater portion of the princi-\\npal streams, are also in Dakota. [Andreas History of Dakota.]\\nThis part of the Territory comprising the five counties of Butte, Custer,\\nLawrence, Pennington, and Fall River, has been the recipient of nature s\\nfavors to a wonderful degree. Here we find an aggregation of mineral\\nwealth, excellent soil, magnificent scenery, and pleasant climate, such as\\nis not to be found in a similar area elsewhere in the world. Prof. Walter\\nP. Jenney, of the Government exploring expedition, thus enthusiastically\\ndescribes the fertility of this country as he saw it in 1875:\\nEven a casual examination shows that the soil of the valleys, the\\nbroad swells of the parks, and the bottom lands along the creeks is ex-\\nceedingly rich and deep, being a dark colored loam, resulting from the de-\\ncomposition of the granite, limestone, and schistose rocks, occupying the\\ncentral area of the Hills. Often in sinking prospecting pits along the val-\\nleys, in search of gold, the soil was found to be a black, peaty loam, from\\ntwo to three feet in thickness, and frequently in the bottom lands the soil\\nwas four feet in depth. The Black Hills are an oasis of Verdure among\\nthe open and level plains. A luxurious growth of grass spreads over", "height": "4185", "width": "2396", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "166 KESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe whole region; even on the rocky hill-sides grass is found growing in\\nthe crevices in the rocks where there is a particle of soil for its support.\\nAL avy forest covers the greater portion of this area, the trees growing\\nthic y together, and attaining full size, not only on the rich bottom lands\\noftt valleys, but on the tops of the level limestone mesas and the\\nsteep, rocky ridges are clothed with pine of good size to their very crests.\\nI estimate that not less than one-twentieth of the\\nwhole area is susceptible of cultivation, the remainder being covered by\\nforests or forming stock ranges of the finest description.\\nProf. Jenney s predictions of the fertility of the soil and the adaptabil-\\nity of the country to farming and stock raising have since been realized.\\nPrior to 1874 the Black Hills country was unknown to the white man,\\nwith a few individual exceptions, and, as a well known writer has said:\\nIt was isolated from the settled portions of the country in a greater de-\\ngree than any other portion of our Territory, except Alaska, although it\\nhas already developed some of the richest gold mines in the world, and is\\nknown to contain in its broken hills and towering mountains, silver, cop-\\nper, iron, galena, tin, nickel, graphite (or plumbago), mica, (in merchant-\\nable form,) salt, asbestos, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, and many other\\nminerals, and is believed by old and experienced miners and mineralogists\\nto be the richest mineral region of equal area, in the world.\\nThe presence of gold in the Black Hills was undoubtedly known to the\\nIndians for many years prior to the first discoveries made by white men,\\nunder the expedition of Lieut. Col. George A. Custer, in the summer of\\n1S71 for their chiefs had been in the habit of bringing in gold in consider-\\nable quantities to the trading posts, though they refused to reveal the\\nlocality from which it came.\\nSoon after the return ot General Custer s expedition, reports of the\\nfinding of gold in the Black Hills spread far and wide, and mining expe-\\nditions were immediately organized to prospect the country. jS uinerous\\nconflicts followed between the miners and the Indians, and the efforts of\\nthe military forces to prevent the venturesome whites from entering the\\nHills proving unavailing, the Government finally, in 1876, took possession\\nof the country under a treaty made with the Sioux, which was ratified by\\nthe act of February 28, 1877.\\nSince then the development and growth of the mineral, agricultural and\\nstock interests have been rapid and constant especially since the com-\\npletion of the first railway into the Flills in 1S86, which, with the assur-\\nance of the construction of new lines will permit the introduction of labor,\\nsupplies, machinery and the working of the mines hitherto idle, because\\nof the vast amount of capital required for their development.\\nFrom the establishment of a echool of mines in the Black Hills, at\\nEapid City, bv ,ct of the Tenitoiial Legislature in 1885. it is confidently\\nexpected studies and investigations of the mineral resources will follow,\\nwhich will contribute in a marked degree to the wealth of the Territory.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA 167\\nA fine school building is completed and also a laboratory, rilled with the\\nmost approved appliances. Prof. F. R. Carpenter, the dean of the\\nschool, has been employed during the summer just past, under the in-\\nstructions of the board of trustees, making as complete a geological survey\\nas time will permit of the mining districts of the Hills known as Ruby\\nCamp, Bald Mountain, Carbonate, and Galena; also the known tin dis-\\ntricts of the Hills, and that portion of the mineral belt, about which so\\nlittle is known that is termed Unknown District. He has kindly con-\\ntributed the following article:\\nTHE GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OE THE BLACK HILLS.\\nBy Franklin R. Carpenter, A. M., Dean, Dakota School of Mines.\\nA singular interest has always been manifested in the geology of the\\nBlack Hills by all who have ever become at all familiar with their\\nformation.\\nRising as they do, like a wooded island, from an arid and almost tree-\\nless plain, their dark outline is said to have impressed the Indian with\\nawe, and their cool and grassy valleys, when compared with the clayey,\\ndenuded Bad Lands which surround them, seemed to be indeed, a fit\\nabode for the Great Spirit. It is said the more intelligent among the\\nDakota Indians long thought of them as a final resting place where the\\nremnant of their tribe might in peace await the extinction which seems\\nto be its doom.\\nTo the mere observer, there would have appeared at least a poetic jus-\\ntice in reserving for the use of that once powerful tribe, the Dakotas, this\\nsecluded section of their former wide domains, for here free from mol-\\nestation, they could have passed by natural steps from a state of savagery\\nand dependence to the simpler labors of civilization and independence.\\nThis humane use of the section, however, was not destined to be.\\nThe Sioux were to be still further shorn of their possessions, and this\\ntheir most cherished section, thrown open to settlement through the dis-\\ncovery of gold by the Custer expedition in 1874.\\nThe first reliable information of this section was furnished in 1857 by\\nLieut. G. K. Warren, who then visited it accompanied by the eminent\\ngeologist, Dr. Hayden, as naturalist. They entered the Hills by the way\\nof Beaver creek to Inyan Kara. Here their progress was opposed by the\\nIndians, and, retracing their steps, they passed around the southern ex-\\ntremity of the Hills and north to the east side of Bear Butte. The re-\\nport of this reconnaissance was first published in 1858 and again in 1875.\\nTheir examination was made in the most rapid manner and under un-\\nusual disadvantages. The interior of the Hills was not reached at all, yet\\nthe map was of singular accuracy and has afforded the basis of all subse-\\nquent mapping of this section.\\nIn the year 1859 Dr. Hayden, as geologist, with the expedition of Capt.\\nW. T. Raynolds again came to the Hills. This time he crossed the north-\\nern part from Bear Butte westward through Red water valley.\\nHenry Newton.", "height": "4217", "width": "2427", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "168 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNumerous other surveying and exploring parties were at work upon\\nthe headwaters of the Little Missouri after this, but none seems ever to\\nhave penetrated the Hills until the memorable expedition of Custer in 1874.\\nHe entered from the north, via. the Redwater canon and past the Sun-\\ndance Hills to Inyan Kara, thence by the way of Castle creek to French\\ncreek. This expedition was accompanied by Prof. X. H. Winchell, at\\npresent in charge of the geological survey of Minnesota. He was the first\\ngeologist to reach the interior of the Hills. They made the ascent of\\nHarney s Peak and went out by the way of Box Elder creek, having been\\nin the Black Hills less than a month, but even during this short time Prof.\\nWinchell was enabled to make many interesting observations of their\\ngeology.\\nThis expedition made known the existence of gold. Custer s report,\\nwhile temperate and conservative in itself, and remarkably correct, as\\nshown by subsequent developments, fired imagination of the prospec-\\ntors, who, notwithstanding the section was in the Indian reservation,\\nflocked to the Hills by thousands, until the Government was forced to take\\nnote of this unauthorized attempt at settlement, and protect the Indian\\ntitle. That the truth also might be known, for many disputed the exis-\\nience of gold in paying quantities, an expedition was sent for the ex-\\npress purpose of determining the mineral value of the section. This was\\nthe famous Newton and Jenney expedition of 1875, from which the above\\nfacts have been mainly drawn.\\nIn 1861 Dr. Hayden, iu a paper read before the American Philosophical\\nsociety of Philadelphia, presented all his observations to date upon the\\ngeology of this interesting country, which was probably the most impor-\\ntant contribution to the subject that has yet been made. Some of his\\nconclusions were doubted by Winchell, reaffirmed by Newton, and of late\\ndoubted again, but in the main his description was correct.\\nThe geology of the Black Hillo is very simple. Around a central mass\\nor nucleus of granite are arranged in concentric bands the upturned edges\\nof nearly all formations. Daring Archaean time there seem to have been\\ndisturbances, for, as first pointed out by Newton, there is an older and a\\nlater Archaean, which are unconformable. Or, in other words, during\\nArchaean time, land was upheaved, acted upon by erosion, and again\\nsunk beneath the ocean to receive additional sediments, to be again up-\\nheaved. At the close of the Archaean, the section known as the Black\\nHills was a slowly sinking island, upon which the Potsdam ocean ad-\\nvanced, undermining its cliffs, rolling the stones thus formed upon the\\nbeach, grinding them to boulders and sand, depositing them in conglomer-\\nates, until all had sunk beneath the ocean. These sediments accumulated\\nto the depth of two hundred and fifty feet, and contain unmistakable-\\nfossils of the Potsdam group, which is the only group of the Cambrian\\nor Lower Silurian age that has been determined. The Upper Silurian\\nand Devonian seem to be wanting. It is most likelv that the section", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\n169\\nduring these ages was again above the Paleozoic ocean, but what\\nthrows doubt upon this supposition is that the Carboniferous is found\\nresting upon the Potsdam with perfect conformability It is not impossible,\\nhowever, that the section was covered with deep sea during the time\\nfrom the Cambrian to the Carboniferous, and received little or no sedi-\\nmentation until the beginning of the Carboniferous, when limestones and\\nsand stones accumulated to the depth of nearly 700 feet.\\nUpon these were laid down the red or Triassic beds, then the Jurassic\\nrocks and lastly the Cretaceous, when the Black Hills were up-\\nheaved. The rocks which accumulated have been acted upon by erosion\\nuntil the original Archaean area over which they were deposited is again\\naid bare, and a cross section of the Hills would appear as in the following\\ndrawing:\\n(From Henry Newton.)\\n1. Archaean schists and slates.\\n2. Granite.\\n3. Cambrian (Potsdam.)\\n4. Carboniferous.\\n5. Redbedh.\\n6. Jura.\\n7: Cretaceous.\\n8. Tertian\\nThe dotted lines show the amount of erosion.\\nFrom Harney s Peak, which is shown in the centre, coming down in\\nany direction, one would first pass over the upturned edge of the Arch-\\naean, which contains veins carrying tin, gold, copper and silver. Next\\nwould be passed the rocks of the Potsdam, which in the northern Hills\\ncarry deposits of gold and silver, and in the southern portion, copper.\\nThe base of it is everywhere auriferous. The gold in it was derived from\\nthe same source as the material comprising these rocks, viz. the Archaean\\narea, so that the base of the Potsdam is in reality an immense ancient\\nplacer consolidated to rock.\\nWhere rich gold veins existed, as near Lead City, the Potsdam is of\\ncourse richer than in other sections. The patches of this formation not\\nyet eroded in certain sections constitute the famous cement beds.\\nAfter passing the upturned edge of this formation he would come to the\\nCarboniferous, which yields excellent building stone. Next the Triassic is\\nfound, which also yields fine building stone, but is mainly known from\\nits immense deposits of gypsum. After passing this he would encounter\\nthe sand stones of the Cretaceous, which stand up like a wall all around", "height": "4209", "width": "2472", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "170 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe Hills, forming a valley upon their inner sides running entirely around\\nthe Hills, and called by the Indians The Race Course. It occupies\\napproximately the position of the red beds upon the map of the Black\\nHills hereto attached.\\nIt will be seen that the geology of the Hills is of singular interest, not\\nonly to the student of this science, but from their economic products to\\nthe man of business.\\nDr. Hayden has well said: The\\\\Black Hills of Dakota will form one\\nof the most interesting studies on this continent. There is so much regu-\\nlarity in the upheaval that all obscurity is removed and all the formations\\nknown in the West are revealed in zones or belts around the granite\\nnucleus in their fullest development. A careful detailed topographical\\nand geological survey of this range would be a most valuable contribution\\nto science. In all the Western country I have never seen the Cretaceous,\\nJurassic, Triassic, or red beds, the Carboniferous and Potsdam rocks, so\\nwell exposed for study as around the Black Hills.\\nIn geological language, the Black Hills uplift is a quaquaversal of singu-\\nlar regularity; that is, the sedimentary formations dip away from the\\ncentre in all directions like the sides of a volcano.\\nORE DEPOSITS.\\nThe ore deposits are of great variety. Among them are the largest\\nknown gold mines and the only tin mines worked upon the continent.\\nAlmost every part of the~Archaean area shown upon the map attached\\nis ore bearing.\\nGOLD AND SILVER.\\nAs pointed out by Jenney, gold occurs here in the following formations:\\n1. In veins of ferruginous quartz, traversing the Archaean schists and\\nslates.\\n2. In strata of slate mineralized and altered by the action of waters\\ndepositing silica and iron pyrites.\\n3. In the conglomerate forming the lower layer of the Potsdam sand\\nstone, resulting in this case from the denudation of the ledges in the\\nArchaean rocks.\\n4. In trachytes and porphyry.\\n5. In deposits in the slates and sedimentary rocks produced by the in-\\ntrusion of trachyte and porphyry.\\n6. In placer gravels resulting from the decomposition and erosion of\\nthe above formations in Tertiary and recent times.\\nWHITEWOOD DISTRICT.\\nThe most important mining section in the Hills is the Whitewood dis-\\ntrict, w T hich includes Deadwood. Its centre is at Lead City, where are\\nlocated the largest gold mines and mills in the world. The ore-bodies are\\nfound in Archaean schists and are two hundred, three hundred, and even\\nfour hundred feet in width.\\nGeology of the Black Hills of Dakota, 1880.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 171\\nThe difficulty in working such immense ore-bodies to any depth pre-\\nsents engineering problems of no small magnitude.\\nIn the Homestake combination are nearly 600 stamps con v dly drop-\\nping, Sunday and week day, day and night, never stopping e :epu for re-\\npairs.\\nEach stamp is capable of crushing three tons of ore daily, or\\nto say safely, the whole number crushes 1,600 tons every twenty-four\\nhours, or nearly 20,000 cubic feet of rock daily.\\nTo properly timber these mines and to supply the mills with fuel, the\\ncompany have built and equipped a railroad thirty miles in length. They\\nhave also built many miles of ditches to supply the works with water.\\nThe magnitude of these operations can only be appreciated by a visit,\\nand notwithstanding the vast amount of ore crushed by these mills daily,\\nit is said upon the very best of authority, that at least live years supply\\nis opened up and in sight.\\nThese mines have paid dividends as follows:\\nThe Homestake $3,843,750\\nThe Deadwood-Terra 900,000\\nThe Fatherde Smet 1,125,000\\nThe Caledonia 40,000\\nThe Dead wood and Terra each paid dividends before they were consoli-\\ndated. Other mines have paid, but their record is not public.\\nThere are many valuable mines in this locality not owned by the Home-\\nstake, among which may be mentioned the Pierce-Badger group adjoin-\\ning the Homestake, the Savage Tunnel combination, Roderich Dhu, and\\nmany others.\\nIn the western part of this district, in Ruby Basin and near Bald moun-\\ntain are also gold mines but of entirely different character. The gold veins\\nat Lead City are in the Archaean rocks, and dip from 50 to 70 degrees to the\\nnortheast. These, however, are found in the Potsdam at the contact be-\\ntween quartzite and lime shales. The ore occurs in well denned shoots\\nthroughout the district, which is quite large, so that extensive develop-\\nments may be expected.\\nThe ore-bodies vary from a foot to twenty feet in thickness. They are\\nhighly silicious, and carry gold in varying quantities. Some lots shipped\\nEast have returned over $200 per ton, but the average of the district seems\\nto be in the neighborhood of $30 per ton.\\nIt is the opinion of the writer that this district is much larger than is\\nnow thought, and that it affords a fine field for the prospector.\\nAmong the important mines may be mentioned the Ross-Hannibal, the\\nIsadorah, Retriever, Buxton, Golden Reward, Amazon and Ruby Belle,\\nand farther west the Trojan and Portland. Many hundred thousand dol-\\nlars worth of ore, if not millions, are already opened in this district, and\\nwaiting only the approach of the railroad for shipment, or the introduc-\\ntion of some cheap process of milling.", "height": "4177", "width": "2428", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "172 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGALEXA OR BEAR BUTTE DISTRICT.\\nEight miles south of Deadwood this district is found. The ore occurs\\nunder the same condition as that at Ruby Basin and Bald mountain, viz.:\\nin the Potsdam, and the veins are nearly horizontal. There seem to be\\nthree ore bearing contacts, one above another, but they are by no means\\nregular. These occur between quartzite and lime shales, but unlike the\\nRuby Basin section, the ores are mainly argentiferous galena, and cerusite\\nwith iron oxide. Several of these mines are quite well developed, and\\none of them, the Sitting Bull, has produced quite largely, but was closed a\\nfew years since by litigation.\\nThe district has suffered from the want of a market, but this is now met\\nby the near approach of the railroad and the establishment of two smel-\\nters at Galena, the center of the district. The ore-bearing rocks are\\nknown to extend for several miles.\\nHere also, but very distinct from the above, are gold mines. One of\\nthese, the Oro Fino, is a geological curiosity. It has been somewhat\\nfancifully described as the tube of an extinct geyser. It appears to be a\\nwell, nearly circular in shape, about 150 feet in diameter, and filled with a\\nbreccia of porphyry and slate fragments, cemented into a compact mass\\nby the action of thermal waters carrying minerals in solution. It has\\nbeen exploited to a depth of 235 feet, and shows a decided increase in\\nrichness as depth is gained. Other mines in the district, show all the\\ncharacteristics of those found at Lead City. The business of mining here\\nis in its infancy. The district is imperfectly prospected, and the want of\\na market has prevented the development of the mines already found.\\nCARBONATE DISTRICT.\\nTM elve miles west of Deadwood is the Carbonate camp. Many claims\\nhave been taken up, and are at present being worked. The ore, as indi-\\ncated by the name, is a carbonate in this case, of lead carrying silver.\\nThe Iron Hill is the best known mine in the district. It is well equipped\\nwith hoisting works, a sixty-ton smelter for the lead ores, and an amal-\\ngamating mill for the dry ores. A tramway 6,000 feet in length is be-\\ning constructed from the mine to the reduction works.\\nIt is the intention of the company, as stated by President Bullock,\\nto immediately begin the work of changing the mill to a concentrating\\nplant, of sixty tons capacity, they having found that their ores can be\\nsmelted more cheaply than they can be milled.\\nThe Iron Hill mine has paid several dividends.\\nOther mines in the camp promise well, and ore bodies as large as those\\nin the Iron Hill may reasonably be expected.\\nOTHER DISTRICTS.\\nThe above named districts are the best known gold and silver districts,\\nbut are by no means all.\\nThroughout the entire Archaean exposure are found vast veins of iron\\npyrite impregnating lenticular masses of quartz and zones of slates and", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 173\\nBchists. These are not always free-milling, but with the improved meth-\\nods of working will some time pay well. In fact, I think that the wealth\\nof the Hills is in these immense low grade deposits.\\nThere seems to be a great mother vein, so to speak, which has been\\ntraced many miles northerly and southerly through the Hills, and which\\nin places carries auriferous pyrite disseminated through the vein to the\\nwidth of several hundred feet. It is best known in the neighborhood of\\nPactola in Pennington county, and is not free-milling, except the decom-\\nposed outcrop or gossan. The pyrite, however, can be concentrated\\ncheaply, and afterward treated by a roasting and chlorination process.\\nThe best known claim on this great vein is the Gorman. At this point\\nthe vein shows large qualities of antimonial lead, carrying some silver and\\niron pyrite, the latter impregnating a zone about 400 feet in width, as\\nshown by the cross-cut tunnel upon the claim. About sixteen miles west\\nof this, in Rochford district, is a system of parallel veins, similar in many\\nrespects to the great gold mines in the northern Hills. Among them may\\nbe named the Stand-By which has a sixty stamp mill, the Alta, California,\\nand Evangeline, all carrying free gold at the surface, but passing into py-\\nrite as the undecomposed portions of the veins are reached.\\nTo the southeast of Rochford twelve miles is located the Queen Bee,\\nwhich yields concentrates of a good grade. This mine has a twenty\\nstamp gold mill, and its owners are erecting a concentrating plant.\\nIn other parts of the county are the Grizzly Bear with twenty stamps,\\nthe Golden Safe, and St. Elmo, rive each, the Lookout with twenty, the\\nGolden Summit with twenty stamps, and others.\\nIn Custer county a number of mills have been built upon veins similar\\nto those described in the Rochford district. These mills paid so long as\\nthe ore was decomposed, and will pay again when proper methods of\\ntreatment are introduced. Among the better known claims may be men-\\ntioned the Penobscott with twenty stamp, the Grand Junction with forty,\\nthe Golden Star with twenty stamps, and Hartford and Mayflower with\\nten each.\\nTIN.\\nThis metal was discovered in the Hills in 1883. To whom the honor of\\nthe discovery belongs is already a matter of some question, but it is admit-\\nted that the first public announcement was made by Major A. J. Simmons\\nof Rapid City, through the Journal of that place, in a communication un-\\nder date of June 8, 1883. After sketching the geology of the Etta Mica\\nMine. where the discovery was first made, with accuracy, and stating\\nthat time and exploration are needed to determine the value, he closes\\nby saying:\\nAt the present, however, the discovery must be regarded as one of\\nthe highest importance, and I venture to say that the indications already\\npoint to the existence of an extensive district of the mineral.\\nIn the same month he forwarded a box of the specimens to a San Fran-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2isco capitalist, who sent Prof. Wm, P. Blake, a well-known mining en-", "height": "4202", "width": "2435", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ngineer, to examine the find. After this the scientific world received in-\\nformation of it through the American Journal of Science, in September of\\nthe same year.\\nTin mining i3 a new industry in America, and its development has of\\nnecessity been slow, but not slower than the development of the rich sil-\\nver mines of early days on the Pacific coast and in Colorado. It requires\\nlarge sums of money to properly open these mines, and to build mills for\\nthe treatment of the ore.\\nThere are two well known tin districts in the Hills. One occupies a belt\\nabout four miles wide, lying around the northern and western flanks of\\nHarney s Peak. It extends southward to a point six miles south of Cus-\\nter City. It will probably be found entirely encircling the granitic area\\nof the Hills. The other section is located about sixteen miles southwest\\nof Spearfish, where a small Archaean area has been laid bare by denuda-\\ntion.\\nThe tin-stone is found in granitic veins or dykes in the earlier or schist-\\nose Archaean, shown upon the map, and which vary in width from a few\\ninches to hundreds of feet. In some sections the veins consist of an\\nalbitic greisen, that is a rock composed of albile feldspar and\\nmica, through which are disseminated crystals of cassiterite. In other\\nsections, as upon the west side of Harney s Peak, the veins are composed\\nof ypical greisen, that is quartz and mica. The crystals of cassiterite\\nvary much in size, some having been found of several pounds weight; but\\ngenerally they seem to partake of the nature of the greisen, that is, if the\\nindividual crystals of feldspar or quartz and mica are large, the accom-\\npanying crystals of cassiterite are large, and vice verm. That through\\nwhich the tin is finely disseminated is usually richer than the coarsely\\ncrystallized rocks.\\nThe percentage of tin-stone in the greisen varies, but there are many\\nveins carrying rock yielding from 2 to 4 per cent. That this is by no\\nmeans a small percentage may be seen by the following:\\nIn Altenburg* in Saxony, the yield is from one-half to 1 per cent. In\\nCornwall, as shown by the Government statistics, the yield of black tin\\nfor the whole county is less than 2 per cent. In the Palberro district in\\nCornwall, the average of all the ore crushed in five years was eighty-nine\\nhundredths of 1 per cent., yet these mines yielded a fair profit.\\nThere have been many mines discovered and recorded in both the\\nnorthern and southern sections. The latter is the more extensive section\\nof the two, which is simply saying that here a larger Archaean area has\\nbeen laid bare by erosion, and had the sedimentary rocks between the\\ntwo sections been removed, the districts would doubtless have been found\\ncontinuous. In the northern, or Nigger Hill district, as it is called, the\\nbest known claim is the Cleveland, owned by the American Tin company\\nwho have sunk a shaft to the depth of 160 feet. At the 100-foot etatfoW,\\nMineral resource s of the United States, 1S88-84, nrtiele tin.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 175\\nwhere a cross-cut has been driven, the vein is found to have a width ot\\nover 200 feet, and to carry tin throughout, but a zone about thirty-feet\\nwide near each wall is somewhat richer than the remainder of the lode.\\nThe company own about seventy claims, a mill site, water power, etc.,\\nand expect to operate upon a large scale.\\nThis district was first worked exclusively for gold, and in it were found\\nrich placer diggings. The miners were troubled by the vast amount of\\niron which filled the riffles of their sluice-boxes and interfered with\\ntheir work. It was harder to separate from the gold than the iron of\\nother districts, for a magnet would not act upon it. No one suspected the\\nblack substance to be tin-stone, but such it was. The miners now save it,\\nand several tons have been shipped to New York and to England. It is\\nthe opinion of the writer, who has thoroughly examined the district, that\\nstream-tin mining as a business would pay.\\nOther groups of mines in this section are controlled by the Callahan\\ncompany, by Chapman Hydliff, by Miller Co., and by others.\\nThe first company to operate upon the tin deposits in the southern Hills\\nwas the Etta company. They bought a number of claims, but did their\\nprincipal work upon the Etta, where tin was first found. The manage-\\nment of the company was left to parties who could have had no real\\nknowledge of the subject of tin mining. Without having the mine suffi-\\nciently opened to supply a 20-ton mill, they erected a 200-ton mill, and\\nused machinery which did not do the work, for the tailings from the mill,\\nas sampled by a competent English engineer, and also by the writer,\\nyield two per cent, tin stone; that is, the quantity wasted exceeded the\\naverage of all the ores mined in England, and was three times as great as\\nthe quantity which has been found to pay in Saxony. They crushed\\nabout four hundred tons of ore, which, notwithstanding the waste, yielded\\ntwo per cent, black tin, which was shipped East. The management of the\\ncompany has been severely criticized, and after the expenditure of about\\n$350,000 they closed down, but immediately bonded sixty or seventy ad-\\nditional claims in the district, and secured the services of a well known\\nEnglish mining expert in the service of John Taylor s Sons, London.\\nThis gentle man spent several weeks in thoroughly examining and\\nsampling the different claims of the company, and advised that certain\\nwork be done upon those bonded. The result of his examination was\\ndoubtless favorable, for all bonds so far that have fallen due have been\\npaid, and during the present month, (June, 1887), the company have paid\\nout in the purchase of these claims over $100,000.\\nThey have secured a mountain park of several hundred acres in extent,\\nnear Hill City, in Pennington county, water power, etc., and announced\\ntheir intention to build their works at that point. Their plan of opera-\\ntion also includes the building of a narrow guage railroad from Rapid City\\nto that point, which railroad has already been surveyed.\\nOther companies besides the Etta are preparing to work. Some Chicago", "height": "4201", "width": "2381", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "176 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ncapitalists recently purchased the Tin Mountain group of mines, near\\nCuster City, which is said to be a veritable mountain of tin-bearing\\nrock. Some masses of this, sent to the School of Mines at Rapid, yield-\\ned forty per cent, cassiterite. It is claimed that there are many\\nthousands of tons of ore in sight that can be worked to a profit. Many\\nclaims are owned by prospectors and others who are not able to develop\\nthem. Others will be found,, for so far none has been sought for except\\nthose which outcrop, or show upon the surface.\\nIt will be seen from examination of the map that tin is found in three\\ncounties Custer, Pennington and Lawrence. The writer has personally\\nexamined all the districts, and has made many assays of the ore. When\\nsampled in quite large quantities it seldom runs below two per cent, and\\noften yields four, six, eight, and even twelve per cent. These assays refer\\nto averages taken across veins, dumps, sample lots, etc., for, of course,\\npicked specimens can be easily had which are nearly pure cassiterite.\\nCOPPER.\\nCopper is found in very many localities in the Hills. The largest veins\\nare in the Archaean. At the surface they show carbonates and oxides, but\\nwill doubtless run into sulphide ore as depth is gained. The Blue Lead\\nhas been famous from the early settlement of the Hills. It shows a car-\\nbonate stained out-crop several hundred feet in width. From French\\ncreek, in the southern Hills, copper ore is being shipped east. In the\\nwestern part of Pennington county copper is found in the Potsdam in\\nquantities that will some time pay to work.\\nBUILDING STONE.\\nA great variety exists in the Hills. The upper part of the Carboniferous\\nlimestone affords a fairly good marble, nearly pure white. The Triassic\\nor purple limestone is also locally called marble. It resembles the varie-\\ngated marble from Tennessee, and takes a high polish. In the northern\\nHills is to be found a variety of porphyritic rock, at present too lux-\\nurious to be thought of for building purposes, yet destined some time to\\nbe used. Every variety of sandstone white, brown, red and variegated\\nexists, and is at present being used. The best known quarries of the\\nlatter are at Buffalo Gap.\\nMICA.\\nIt was the working of the mica mines that led to the discovery of tin. It\\nhas been mined and shipped east in large quantities.\\nGYPSUM.\\nSurrounding the Hills upon every side is an inexhaustible supply of\\ngypsum. It is found in beds of varying thickness up to thirty feet, and\\nno part of the section marked Jura-trias upon the map is free from it.\\nIts value is not seen now, but as the farms east become exhausted a market\\nwill be found for it. It is only used here at present as a white finish for\\nplastered walls.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE\\nBlagk HillaS op Dakota.\\nAfter the Map of HENRY NEWTON, E. M.\\nBy FRANK R. CARPENTER, Dean Dakota School of Mines.\\nIgneous.\\nTertiary.\\nCretaceous.\\nJura-Trias.\\ni*5 6\\nJCrook#T.\\nchfor d\\nJ Carboniferous.\\n1 Cambrian.\\nArch/ean.\\nC Granite.\\n_ IjEO-EIsTX).\\nThe Jura -Trias mark the outer\\nlimit of Timber. Quartz Gold is found\\nthroughout the Archaean rocki, but mainly\\nin the Northern Hills. Gold and Silver\\nare found in the Potsdam rocks in the\\nNorthern Hills. Copper is found in both\\nArchaean and Potsdam locks. Placer\\nGold is found in the beds of :ill streams\\nin the Archaean area. Mica Is found in\\npaying quantities throughout the fin sec\\ntlon. Coal is found in the Cretaceous\\nrocks North and South of the Hills.\\nS C B E Y\\nstiver\\n-x EX\\nN C E\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^L\\nCreel\\nElk r\\n^5^-\\nRapid City\\nj* o wn\\n(Ay\\n^M^-^\\nHennosa\\n-^s 2 f r/\\n-*Q^~\\nJo Gap\\nyork\\nScale of Miles.\\n5 10\\nj 104 jggjji ^IcXaTlt, Co.,7Zn tr s, Chicago. Tongituoe West from ,J03 Greenwich.", "height": "4191", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "178 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGOLD AND SILVER PRODUCED IN THE BLACK HILLS FROM 1877 TO 1887.\\nYear.\\nBlack\\n1877\\nHills\\nestimates\\nU.S. Mint\\nstatistics.\\n1878-9\\n1880\\n1881\\n1882\\n1883\\n1884\\n1885....\\nTotal...\\n188G\\nProduction.\\nRemarks.\\n\u00c2\u00bb2,000,000\\n6,000,000\\n5,000,000\\n4,070,000\\n3,475,000\\n3,350,000\\n8,450,000\\n3,300,000\\n3,125,000\\nLargely placer; few mills in\\noperation at this time.\\nMostly from milling opera-\\ntions; the output from\\nplacer diggings growing\\ncomparatively less each\\nyear.\\nJ\\n$33,770,000\\nThe -Black Hills produce all the gold and silver mined in Dakota, and\\nthe four mines, Homestake, Dead wood-Terra, Caledonia, and\\nFather De Smet, are credited with nearly the entire output. Other\\nmines, with ore quite as rich in gold and silver as the four named, are\\nawaiting capital for their development.\\nThe poverty of the frontier, where all are engaged in a common strug-\\ngle, and where a common sympathy and hearty co-operation lighten the\\nburdens of each, is a very different poverty, different in kind, different in\\ninfluence, and effect, from that conscious and humiliating indigence\\nwhich is every day forced to contrast itself with neighboring wealth on\\nwhich it feels a sense of grinding dependence. The poverty of the iron-\\ntier is indeed no poverty. It is but the beginning of wealth, and has the\\nboundless possibilities of the future always opening before it. [James\\nG. Blaine.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 179\\nARTESIAN WELLS.\\nThe problem of a cheap and abundant supply of water has been solved\\nin many Dakota towns, by sinking artesian wells. Probably, in no other\\nlocality of the Union can there be found so many artesian wells of as great\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pressure, and supplying the immense quantity of water, as those flowing in\\nDakota today. They are in successful operation from Yankton, on the\\nextreme southern boundary of the Territory, to Grafton, on the north,\\ncovering a distance of nearly 500 miles.\\nIn the city of Yankton more than a dozen of these wells, from a depth\\nof 550 to 600 feet, pour forth a bountiful supply of water\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the increase in\\nthe number of wells not having the least effect on the flow or pressure\\nfrom the underground source. In Clay, Yankton, and some of the coun-\\nties of the Red River valley, artesian wells are common, both in town and\\ncountry.\\nThe art of drilling wells to tap a subterranean reservoir of water, con-\\nfined by such force as should throw it to, or near the surface, is of an-\\ncient origin. Artesian wells are occasionally alluded to by the ancient\\nwriters, and, among the Chinese, this method of obtaining water has been\\nin practice from time immemorial. In the province of On Tong, in a dis-\\ntrict ten leagues long by four leagues wide, these wells may be counted by\\ntens of thousands, sunk at very remote periods, for the salt which flowed\\nout in the water. All of these wells are very deep some having been\\ndrilled down even to 3,000 feet.\\nThe name Artesian is derived from the province of Artois, in France,\\n-anciently called Artesium, in which artesian wells have long been in use.\\nThere is nothing strange or marvelous connected with the flow of arte-\\nsian wells. The principle is precisely that of a reservoir system of water-\\nworks, or of the artificial fountains, common everywhere. By storing a\\nsupply of water in a receptacle, at some high point, and carrying it in\\npipes to a lower level convenient water-power is obtained. Nature has\\nconstructed a vast system of underground water-works on the same plan\\nthe pervious strata of sand rock underlying the earth s surface at vari-\\nous depths, serving as pipes to coiiTey the water from the far distant res-", "height": "4185", "width": "2386", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "180 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nervoir, or source of supply which, in the instance of Dakota, is probably\\nthe mountainous regions of Wyoming and Montana.\\nProf. Chamberlin, writing of artesian wells, defines the essential features\\nof artesian streams, as follows:\\nTo fashion a simple idea of the common class of flowing, wells, picture\\nto the mind a pervious stratum, through which water can readily pass.\\nBelow this let there be a w T ater-tight bed, and let a similar one lie upon\\nit, so that it is securely embraced between impervious layers. Suppose\\nthe edges of these layers to come to the surface in some elevated region,\\n(save that they may be covered with soil and loose surface materia),)\\nwhile in the opposite direction they pitch down to considerable depths,\\nand either come up again to the surface at some distance, thus forming a\\nbasin, or else terminate in such a way that water cannot escape in\\nthat direction. Now, let rain-fall and surface waters penetrate the ele-\\nvated edge of the porous bed, and till it to the brim. That such beds are\\nso filled is shown by ordinary wells, which commonly find a constant sup-\\nply in them at no great depth. Now, it is manifest that if such a water-\\nfat bed be tapped by a boring at some point lower than its outcrop, the\\nwater will rise and flow at the surface because of the higher head in the\\nupper edge of the bed. If the surface water continually supplies the up-\\nper edge as fast as the water is drawn off below, the flow will be constant.\\nTo fashion a simple illustration conceive a piece of lead tube to be in-\\nclined and filled with sand, the lower end being closed; let water be\\npoured in until the sand is completely saturated. Now, a minature flow-\\ning w T ill be formed by drilling a small hole near the lower end. The wa-\\nter in the sand will run out, and. if renewed at the upper end, the flow\\nwill be continuous.\\nThe leading conditions upon which artesian flows depend are involved\\nin the foregoing simple conception.\\nThe same authority says, that the only reliable source of artesian wells are\\nporous beds of sand, gravel, sandstone, conglomerate, and other less com-\\nmon rocks of loose, granular texture. Coarse-grained sand-rock consti-\\ntutes the ordinary form of water-bearing strata.\\nThe adaptability of these strata lies in the construction of the rock\\nfrom separate particles, loosely put together, leaving small open spaces\\nbetween them. The Quartenary sandstones, as a general rule, have the\\ngreatest degree of porosity, and constitute the best water-carriers; the\\nTertiary sandstones next, and so on the consolidation and texture vary-\\ning with the age of the formation.\\nThe confining strata above and below this bed of porous water-bearing\\nrock are, usually, layers of fine, unhardened clay, clayey shales, shaly\\nlimestones, shaly sandstones, or some one of the various crystalline rocks,\\nranking, as regards imperviousness, in the order named.\\nOn the question of the decline of the w r ater supply from artesian wells be-\\ncause of exhaustion, or the frequent tapping of the water-bearing strata,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 181\\nProf. Chamberlain says, the too current notion that a subterranean pool,\\nwhich has been struck by a well, supplies it for a time and then becomes\\nexhausted, may be dismissed without much consideration. Especially is\\nthis true of the artesian wells of Dakota, which, from the great depth at\\nwhich the currents of water are reached, indicate a far-distant reser-\\nvoir and a permanent supply.\\nAt Lillers, France, an artesian well has been in steady operation since\\nthe year 1126. The artesian wells of London, England, the provinces of\\nFrance, and of Ou Tong, China, have been flowing for years, an unvarying\\nsupply of water. And, at home, the constant flow of wells in Wis-\\nconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, South Carolina,\\nIllinois, Iowa, and Missouri prove the adequacy of the supply at the re-\\nspective fountain-heads.\\nA temporary decline of the flow may occur by reason of the filling up\\nof the bore with mud, sand, and loose rock; the collapse of the pipe, be-\\ncause of the wearing effects of the corrosive ingredients in the water;\\nfaulty and defective piping, which will permit of lateral leakage, or from\\nother causes; but a cessation of the flow because of the exhaustion of the\\nsupply, may be considered as disproved by science and history.\\nAt Columbia, Aberdeen, Yankton, Grafton, and other points in Dakota,\\nthe flow of water has decreased at different times, from the stoppage of\\nthe pipes with gravel, rock, and debris. But a removal of the obstruc-\\ntion has always resulted in restoring the original flow and pressure.\\nAt Grafton, an iron bar, eight feet long and two inches in diameter, was\\ninadvertently dropped into the artesian well, causing a serious decrease in\\nthe flow. But, suddenly, the water rushed forth with great power, and\\nthrew out the iron bar with such force as to break the elbow of the main\\npipe, and the flow is since unabated.\\nIn France, a convenient water-power is derived from the force of the\\nartesian flows, sufficient to run heavy machinery, and is applied to many\\nindustries. The advantages of a power of this sort, are apparent, and a\\nfew of the Dakota towns have already imitated the example set by\\nFrance, in utilizing the pressure of artesian water for supplying a motive\\npower.\\nThe original outlay for sinking the well is the only expense required,\\nand this, in Dakota, need not exceed what would be the cost of engines\\nand boilers furnishing a power equivalent to that of the well.\\nAt Yankton, (Yankton county,) a six-inch well has just been completed,\\nthe power derived from which is utilized for operating the machinery\\nplant of a pressed brick manufactory. The well is about 550 feet deep,\\nand the hydrostatic expert estimates that 1,800 gallons of water issues\\nevery minute, exerting a pressure of fifty-eix pounds to the square inch;\\nwhich, he figures, will furnish a gross power of thirty- three horses.\\nA local paper thus describes the success attending the venture:\\nThe machinery at Miner Co. s brick yard was connected with the", "height": "4204", "width": "2422", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "182 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nwater-wheel, and moved by the weight of water from the artesian well,\\nlast Tuesday, and henceforth the institution will have no use for steam.\\nThe new motor does its work perfectly. How much power it furnishes\\nhas not been definitely determined, but the makers of the wheel guar-\\nantee thirty horse-power. It does the work that heretofore kept a thirty\\nhorse-power engine busy, with ease, and, apparently, with force to spare.\\nHere is a practical demonstration of the value of Yankton s subterra-\\nnean water-power. It is an ideal power. Its employment does away\\nwith the cost of fuel to generate steam, with the salary of an engineer,\\nwith the expense of the purchase and repair of delicate and expensive\\nmotive machinery, with the payment of extra-hazard insurance rates. A\\nchild can start or stop the wheel that supplies motion to a large industry.\\nThis power never blows up, never runs down, never freezes up, never\\ndries up; but will run on and on, year after year, the same in all seasons,\\nwith a minimum of cost for maintaining the simplest gearing.\\nThe well at the brick-yard is a six-inch bore. Its cost was about $3,000.\\nIt is the second one of the same size made here, and is better than the\\nfirst, yielding a larger flow with a stronger pressure. It demonstrates the\\ninexhaustible character of the stream or reservoir which both wells tap.\\nFor, if it were not practically inexhaustible, the second opening of the\\nsame vein, even though it had been smaller than the first, would have\\noperated like the little rift within the lute, withdrawing the pressure\\nand rendering the first well valueless. An eight-inch well would nearly\\ndouble the capacity of this one; a larger one would increase the capacity\\nin the same ratio.\\nThe flourtng-mill, oil-mill, and the other manufacturing establishments\\nlocated at Yankton, will run their machinery by artesian well-power as\\nsoon as the wells can be drilled. One of these institutions expends each\\nyear $4,000 for fuel, and estimates that for one-half of this sum, an arte-\\nsian well can be obtained, which will furnish sufficient power to run all\\nthe machinery.\\nThe practicability of adapting this power to the operation of heavy\\nmachinery is now satisfactorily demonstrated, and the example set by\\nYankton will be followed immediately, no doubt, by many cities of the\\ntwenty-nine counties where artesian wells only await the application of\\nthe wheel and belt.\\nWhy should not this inexpensive and everlasting power lead to the\\nbuilding up of manufacturing interests in the Territory, as rapidly and\\nextensively as cheap coal and natural gas did in the instance of the states\\nof Pennsylvania and Ohio\\nAt Huron, the artesian well, costing but $4,000 a sum not out of com-\\nparison with the cost of ordinary steam machinery supplies a tremen-\\ndous volume of water each minute, with more than three times the pres-\\nsure of the one at Yankton. The pressure of the water from this well is\\nso great that no make of water-mains could withstand its full power.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 183\\nThe force of the water is weakened by allowing a three-inch stream of\\nwater to run away from the well, and even Ihen there is power and vol-\\nume for fire protection and to supply all the necessities of a city of several\\nthousand inhabitants, besides providing the force for a number of water-\\nmotors used in printing offices and other establishments.\\nHere, certainly, is a well costing no more than a plant of steam ma-\\nchinery, which would furnish a uniform and invariable motive power suf-\\nficient to operate the largest mill or manufactory\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and at a saving of the\\nheavy annual expense for fuel, engineer s and fireman s salary, outlay for\\nrepairs, etc., etc. The same is true of the wells at Miller, Aberdeen,\\nGroton, Columbia, and other points.\\nIn many instances, the cost of sinking an artesian well would be no more\\nthan the cost of coal for a single year to an establishment run by steam\\npower. Power, to any extent, can be obtained by either increasing the\\nsize of the bore, or the number of wells\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it being evident that two wells\\nof the same size, and flowing the same volume of water, at an equal pres-\\nsure, would give twice the power of a single well.\\nThe development of artesian well power, in Dakota, is yet in its infancy.\\nBut no one, who gives the matter the least study, can doubt that with\\nwells everywhere throughout the Territory, flowing so heavy and con-\\nstant a volume of water, and at such great pressure, we are on the eve of\\na period of wonderful progress in the building, up of our manufacturing\\ninterests.\\nTowns in .the Territory, where the question of obtaining artesian well\\npower has already been settled affirmatively will take a step forward\\nin the development of manufacturing interests, by fostering tow mills,\\noil mills, flour mills, woolen mills, canning and packing establishments,\\nand other industries suitable to the surroundings. This will lead neigh-\\nboring cities to put forth the most strenuous efforts to tap the power hid-\\nden beneath our feet, and, speaking generally, there is no reason why\\nthese ventures should not all prove successful.\\nIf no other results were to be obtained from the sinking of artesian wells\\nthan a cheap and abundant supply of water, and a splendid fire protec-\\ntion, as has been done in dozens of the towns of Dakota, the value to the\\npeople of the Territory of these underground reservoirs, is beyond com-\\nparison.\\nBy a study of the table accompanying this article, showing in detail the\\nvarious strata penetrated by the artesian wells, it will be observed that\\nthe geological formation of the Territory contains all the essential features\\nwhich scientists tell us are the pre-requisite of flowing wells. The\\nwater is found in coarse-grained sand rock, which has above it a confin-\\ning stratum of shale, clay, or lime rock. The same strata undoubtedly\\nunderlie the entire Territory, though it may be necessary in some locali-\\nties to go to a great depth before striking the water-bearing rock.\\nThis office has given considerable time and labor to the collection of all", "height": "4209", "width": "2378", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe available information concerning some of the more important artesian\\nwells of the Territory, and a compilation, the result of these efforts, is\\ngiven in the tables on the succeeding pages. It is believed that the data\\nfurnished will prove interesting to geologists and drillers, as well as to\\nparties intending to sink wells. The tables enumerate only a few of the\\nwells, and the data is not complete in some instances though so far as\\nfigures are given, they were obtained from civil authorities, and may be\\nconsidered reliable.\\nAs to the limit in depth the bore should penetrate before the enterprise\\nis abandoned as a failure, geologists seem to agree that no invariable rule\\ncan be laid down. However, to quote from a leading authority, there is\\none, of wide application whose observance would save the useless expen-\\nditure of large sums: The Archaean rocks (granite, gneiss, etc) are ex-\\nceedingly unpromising of success in themselves and do not overlie pro-\\nductive beds. Whenever, therefore, in the progress of drilling, these are\\nstruck, work should cease, unless there are specific local facts warranting\\na deviation from the rule.\\nWhen the water-bearing rock is found, the height to which the water\\nwould rise, if suitably tubed, may be computed by attaching a pressure\\nguage and figuring a rise of 2.31 feet for each pound of pressure per square\\ninch.\\nThe temperature of the water from artesian wells partakes of the tem-\\nperature of the earth, which increases as its interior, is penetrated, at an\\naverage rate of one degree for every fifty or sixty feet.\\nThe increase of the temperature of the water with the depth\\npenetrated, varies at different places. At Huron, where the mean tem-\\nperature at the surface is 42\u00c2\u00b0 the water of the artesian well is 60\u00c2\u00b0 from a\\ndepth of 863 feet, which is about 1\u00c2\u00b0 for every forty-eight feet. At Yank-\\nton, the temperature of the water is 16\u00c2\u00b0 higher than the mean tempera-\\nture at the surface, making the increase 1\u00c2\u00b0 for only thirty-eight feet of\\ndescent. The average rate of increase for the Territory seems to be about\\n1\u00c2\u00b0 added to the temperature of the water for every forty- seven feet of the\\nearth s surface penetrated.\\nArtesian water is mineralized, to a greater or less degree, from having\\ndissolved the soluble constituents of the strata through which it perco-\\nlates. In the wells of Dakota, these constituents are such as have imparted\\nto the water, undoubted hygienic and remedial properties and are in\\nnowise to be considered unfortunate, although the water sometimesis not\\npleasant to the taste. The artesian water is almost invariably soft and of\\nexcellent quality for general household purposes.\\nInquiries were sent out by this office for the purpose of ascertaining\\nthe exact number of artesian wells in operation in Dakota, but in quite a\\nnumber of instances, the requests remain unanswered.\\nSo far as known, there are twenty-nine counties of the Territory where\\nartesian water is a settled fact, having distributed among them ninety-\\nseven wells.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 185\\nANALYSES OF ARTESIAN WATEKS IN DAKOTA.\\nJamestown Organic matter: Free ammonia, 2.4 parts per million; al-\\nbuminoid ammonia, .046 parts per million; nitrites, traces; nitrates, none.\\nINORGANIC MATTER.\\nSilica 35.70 2.0823\\nAlumina 3.50 .2041\\nCarbonate of iron 2.20 .1233\\nCarbonate of lime 188.00 10.7643\\nSulDhate of lime 249.00 14.5243\\nSulphate of magnesia 154.20 8.9944\\nSulphate of soda 1139.40 66.3602\\nChloride of sodium 369.10 21.5296\\nSulphate of potash 31.05 4.7526\\nPhosphates a trace\\nHardness 21\u00c2\u00b0\\nYankton Water slightly hard; pleasant to the taste; is used in boilers,\\nand gives good satisfaction.\\nHighmore Water very soft, and of good quality.\\nTotal solid grains per gallon 103.53\\nCarbonate of lime 1.92\\nCarbonate of magnesia 1.69\\nSulphate of lime 0.46\\nOxides of iron, silica, and aluminum 2.33\\nAlkali chlorides 28.04\\nAlkali sulphates 69.09\\nMiller Water excellent, and good for all purposes.\\nIpswich Water very soft; contains soda, potassium, and allied salts;\\ntastes slightly brackish.\\nGroton Water of excellent quality, but very much discolored, because\\nof mud and debris flowing out of well.\\nColumbia Water contains mineral properties; very soft.\\nGrafton Three per cent, of salt in water, and slight trace of sulphate\\nof magnesia.\\nEllendale Water not pleasant to the taste; very soft.\\nTower City\\nGrains in one U. S. gallon.\\nSolid matter, upon evaporation to dryness 180.000\\nSediment none\\nScale, (deposited on evaporation to one-tenth bulk) 4.S94\\nSilica... 0.194\\nAlumina and oxide of iron 0.374\\nLime 3.604\\nMagnesia 0.114\\nCarbonic acid not det.\\nSulphuric acid, free none\\nSulphuric acid, in combination 31.990\\nChlorine, free none\\nChlorine, in combination 6.880\\nPotask and soda residuum", "height": "4199", "width": "2466", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "186\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nil[9M qiiA\\\\ uoi^pau\\n-UOO l[I SJ(JOA\\\\ J9}RA\\\\.\\njo ui81s a*s A410 sbji\\n/.uonosioid\\n9jy joj pasu J9JBAA\\n^ssodjnd pioj\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0asnoq joj p9su aajtrvN\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sinuiui\\nJ9(l sno[[ea ui ayojj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j 9.miTU9dui9\u00c2\u00a3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2spimod amsssid\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sai?nop }soo ib ;oj,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j99j tndap imox\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2oioqjo ozig\\np3}9ldaioo H9AV\\nX V.\\nWr*\\ncc oc it ccocccaix\\na: oc v: aj a; oo\\nO J) J O i o\\nk 1\\no c: o o\\nC CO X CI i~ \u00c2\u00bbOOOiOt\u00c2\u00bb OM\\nr C T n: r- I- V= I- -O CC I- Ci\\nx c d c. c-i v. c c it. io\\n-o\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-B,\\nid o to o o\\nISO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2p90U9XUlUO0 IPA\\\\\\n;cc\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2apn^nv\\nZ k- ^5 a\\na s s j ^ro o w o\\no\\na)\\n50 ,_,\\n.3 O\\n,3 i= 3)\\nO 3 _ 3\\n5 ss 2\\nO ,J\\n-2\\n_,\\n.5 O\\nw C\\n1 o |ti\\n9 r* o\\nc a c 3\\n2 r? S\\n2 o ^3\\nP K 3\\nc s ej\\nI w i\\nEh y\\nZ S 2 2 -3\\ni o\\nt-\\na. E\\no\\n2\\nX\\n02\\nbe\\ncc\\n_3\\nis\\np\\na\\n3\\no\\nin\\no\\nei\\nc\\na\\nC.J\\ng\\n2\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\n03\\nc3\\ni\\np;\\no\\nc\\n3\\nP,\\nO\\nc\\nC\\n5\\na\\nE\\no\\np.\\nc\\no\\nu.\\no\\nGO\\n3\\np.\\nX\\nOi\\nc:\\nP\\n3\\no\\na\\nP.\\nCD\\n09\\nP\\nZJ\\np,\\nu\\nCm\\nO\\np\\nX\\np\\no\\n23\\ne\\ny\\n^r\\no\\ne\\nW\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0d\\nCD", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "E J\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 1S7\\n02 .3\\nf-H\\n.C\\no\\nc\\n-J\\nFh\\nC\\nP.\\no\\no\\nF-l\\no\\nDC\\nC\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a043\\na\\nn\\nCO\\na\\n-o\\ne$\\nt-\\nM\\nc\\n,C\\nP\\nce\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0P\\nCQ\\no\\nft\\nJ*\\no\\n(-1\\nft\\nP\\ne3\\nP.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a23\\n.P\\na-\\n02\\nAh\\ndo\\nP\\no\\nCQ\\nd\\no\\nc\\nd\\nf\\n.c\\nc\\nft\\np,\\nJ*\\nFh\\ncs\\nCO\\na\\n,o\\nlq\\ng\\n3\\ns\\ntf\\nd\\no\\nr\\no\\nP\\n\u00c2\u00aba\\nOh\\np\\ns\\n02\\n1\\nP\\nCO\\no\\nCO\\n5\\n(12\\no\\n2\\nO\\no\\n-r\\no\\nft\\n\u00c2\u00a31\\np\\nFh\\no\\nX.\\ns\\no\\na\\nK\\n13\\nP\\no\\n-p\\nV\\n^w\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2o\\nd\\nj:\\nK\\nfi\\na\\nO\\n5\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J.\\no\\nP\\nw\\nCO\\n33\\n-O\\nrj\\nFH\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2C\\nX\\nft\\ni\\nd\\nCD\\n1\\nEI\\n\u00c2\u00abi Be\\ntc p\\np .c 5 .2 p\\nC\\n68 o S\\nc o\\no\\n5 P\\nr3\\nP\\nd\\n02\\no P\\nP t? rr- rf P. X\\ntc a\\nS 5 e -2 V g 2 P 5 P c 5\\nO g p ,c g H C\\nO 2 cp\\nft \u00c2\u00abJ\\nC 02 C\\n-p 2\\no\\nft \u00c2\u00abT is g, oj t\u00c2\u00ab s 3 8 g tn\\n|1 \\\\it I lit S N at\\nu 2 7- 2 5 P S\\n5 S i: P ft a\\ns I 5 I g a t s s S\\nI tf I 1 g S J g g\\no:\\nEn\\nbp\\no\\na\\np\\n0)\\n3\\n3\\no\\nc\\no\\np\\no\\n7 1\\nCO\\n5\\n=2\\nd\\n~z\\np\\n02\\nCD\\n02\\nfH\\ny\\nz.\\nT\\np\\nz.\\n8\\n5\\na\\n-z\\nc\\n2\\n^3= o s C jz! C T^-^\u00c2\u00a9^ft-^ c\\nh tC n u n E O w\\nft^^^ft^^! O SOoX=3 C\\n2 -f 5= be h ft p 3 g a g\\n1 3 j? 8 S g 3 s s s\\n\u00c2\u00a3--5=:pa 2 g R fl g s J\\nC P P ft f* T f x o rf\\nt- o\\nS c\\n\u00c2\u00ab-\u00c2\u00bbo ^^:2 S~ 2 ^n b\u00c2\u00ab\\nC\\nft H", "height": "4161", "width": "2424", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "188\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nM\\nbe\\no\\n\u00c2\u00a9jm 3 3,\\nA O a; to\\na) a)\\np s\\nc o\\nk^ Q) O gp Q3\\nC.-S \u00c2\u00a9H? 2 __ *r-\\na- a;\\n5 co co 5\\nlOOOOO^WiOOfflNWiOONOOiOO JOiOCjaf;\\ncc in i\\n\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9^jD,\u00c2\u00a9\\nM-S\\n0)\\n_3 5 \u00c2\u00a9a 3\\nm \u00c2\u00a955 *cc 5 (J: oQoQ t -a! -OcC(/j\\n\u00c2\u00a9^\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9\u00e2\u0096\u00a0H^ O O t*a g-c \u00c2\u00a9g.-g.^\\nc\\nP\\n.Hi\\na =3\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0S-3 p3 a 2.5 p 5 \u00c2\u00a355 3 3*3-5 %2 *5*\\nP CO\\n1\\n;5\\nu 2 X X\\no c m-7\\nO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2CO\\no\\no\\n1 CO W CC CO CO H CO CO CS CC O CO CO gco\\nJ co\\n3 p*2 \u00c2\u00ab3S\\no\\nP u.\\np-3\\n,CP\\nI s\\np\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2o a\\nP\\np\\nt\u00c2\u00a3.p\\naEH\\no\\nCO -u\\n*S\\n2\\nP\\nc\\nj3\\n3\\n\u00c2\u00a9j^\\nS 3\\nC\\nC r-J O O\\na-- a a\\nj n\\n^~^3\\n2 w\\na\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 s\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Cj)\\n0.^X5 cs3\\n3 p afi^\\n3 .2\\ns$\\n0=3^5\\nC\\n5 O\\nPm\u00c2\u00bba\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a035 P\\ncn OX)\\nas", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n189\\nALTITUDES.\\nTable of altitudes in Dakota, compiled from a bulletin of the United States Geological\\nSurvey.\\nStation.\\nAuthority.\\nElevation.\\nFeet.\\n2,211\\nAlcester\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,355\\nC. N. W. K. R\\n1,834\\nApple Creek valley\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,711\\nAurora\\nC. N. W. R. R\\n1,630\\nAustin\\n1,221\\nBelrield\\nN. P. R. R\\n2,577\\nBennett, Fort, signal station\\nU. S. signal office\\n1,440\\nBereslord\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,505\\nBerthold, Fort\\n1,873\\n1,479\\nC, M. St. P. R. R\\nBismarck\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,668\\nBismarck, signal station\\n1 677\\nN. P. R. R\\n1 616\\nBlue Lake\\nF. S. W. R. R\\n1.965\\nBo is des Sioux\\nToner\\n1,039\\nBrochel Lake\\nNicollet\\n1,860\\nBrookings\\nC. N. W. R. R\\n1,636\\nBuford. Fort\\nSmithsonian Institute\\n2,017\\nBuford Fort, signal station\\nU. S. signal office\\n1,876\\nBur bank\\nS. C. D. R. R\\n1,158\\nCauistota\\n1,555\\nCan ova\\nDak. Cent. R. K\\n1.525\\nS. C. D. R. R\\n1,291\\nCarthage\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,440\\nN. P. R. R\\n930\\nCavour\\nN. W. R. R\\n1.311\\nCentreville\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,233\\nClark\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,785\\n1 827\\nCleveland\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,840\\n1,800\u00e2\u0080\u00942,000\\n1,500\u00e2\u0080\u00941,800\\nCotter s Depot\\nCrook s Tower\\nF. S. W. R. R\\nJenney\\n909\\n7,600\\nDavenport Depot\\nDavis Junction\\nF. S. W. R. R\\n921\\nS. D. R. R\\n1,130\\nDe Smet\\nU. S. signal office\\n4,630\\nC. N. W R. R\\n1,726\\n2,403\\nDevils Lake\\nT nomas\\n1,467\\nDoland\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\nDriscoll\\nN. P. R. R\\n1 835\\nS. 0. P. R. R\\n1,239\\nC M St. P. R. R\\n1,510\\n1,142\\nElk Point\\nS. 0. D. R. R\\nN. P. R.\\n1,447\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,432\\nEsmond\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1.480\\nC. N. W. R R\\n1,542\\nFairview\\nS. C. D. R. R\\n1,231\\nN. P. K. R\\n903\\nSt. P. S. O. R R\\nC, M. St, P. K. R\\n1,320\\n1.550\\nDak. Cent. R R\\n1,296\\nC. N. W. R. R\\n1,484\\nGaxsville\\nS. C. D. R. R\\n1,178\\nN. P. R. R\\n2,346\\nGlen Ullin\\nN. P. R. R\\n2,070\\nC. N. W. R R\\n1,996\\nGreenwood\\nSmithsonian Institute\\n1,900\\n9 700\\nSt P. C R. R\\n1,561\\n1 182\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\nHenry\\nOak. Cent. R. R\\n1,810\\nC, M. St. P. R. R\\nC, M. St. P. R. R\\n1.6D4\\nHerman, Lake\\n1,646\\nF. S. W. R. R\\n917\\nDn.k. flHiit R. Yi\\n1 272", "height": "4201", "width": "2394", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "190\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ntable of altitudes in Dakota Continued.\\nStation.\\nAUTHORITY.\\nElevation.\\nC. N. W. A. R\\nFeet.\\n1 285\\nN. W. R. k\\n1,312\\n1 401\\nC. N. W. R. R\\nN. P R. R\\n1 895\\nS D. R. R\\n1 130\\nC. N. W R. R\\n1,650\\nC. N. W. R. R\\n1,714\\nP. R. R. reports\\nC. N. AV. R. R\\n2.431\\n1,982\\nN. P. R. R\\n2 256\\n5 500\\nMcCook\\nS. 0. D. K. R\\n1.123\\nX. P R. R\\n1,696\\nC. M St. P. R. R\\n1,576\\nN. P. R. R\\n1 G44\\nN. P. R R\\n908\\nMeek ling\\nS C. D. R R\\nC, M St. P R. R\\nSt P. C. R. R\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,167\\n1 149\\nMontrose Siding\\n1471\\n1 206\\ni:.,M St. P. R. R\\nC. N W R. R\\n1,646\\n1.816\\nNico let\\n1.341\\nN. P. R. R\\n1.240\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1,310\\n7i)l\\nN. W. R. R\\n1,438\\nC. N. W. R. R\\n1,696\\nRandall, Fort\\nMedical department TJ S.A\\nMedical department!!. S. A.\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,245\\n1.438\\n2 464\\nRichland\\n1 247\\n6 u-m\\nSt. P. S. C. R. R\\n1 M7\\nN. P. R. R\\n1 ,460\\nSedalia\\nX. R. R\\n2.03\u00c2\u00a7\\nN. P. R. R\\n2 707\\nN. P. R. R\\n1 200\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,960\\nSioux Falls\\nS. C D. R H\\n1 411\\nSi mix Fulls\\nSioux Falls\\nC., M. St. P. R. R\\nSt J S C R R\\n1,638\\n1.387\\nl,4i 6\\nM. St. P. R. R\\nSouth Heart\\nN. P. K. R\\n2 470\\nN. P. R R\\n1 477\\n2,120\\nN. P. R R\\nU. S.. signal office\\n1.857\\nStevenson, Fort, signal station\\nSully. Fort\\nSullv Spring\\n1,734\\n1 c x$\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,647\\nTappe n\\nN. P. R. R\\n1,760\\nThorne\\n1.480\\nUnion Fort\\n1.970\\nValley Citv\\nN. P. R. R\\n1.218\\nSt. P. S. C R. R\\nS. C. I). R R\\n1 392\\n1.161\\nDak. Cent. R. R\\n1.480\\nS. C. H. R. R\\n1.221\\nC N. W. R R\\n1 636\\nWadsworth, Fort\\n1.891\\n1.650\\nWarren s Peak\\n6,90\u00c2\u00a9\\nDak. ent. R. R\\n1 735\\nN. P. R. R\\n983\\nYankton\\nS. V.. D. R. R\\n1.198\\nSmithsonian Institute\\nT T P sie ial office\\n1.900\\n1 228", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 191\\nSCHOOLS.\\nThe remarkable growth and development of Dakota, during the period\\nof six years past, has never been equaled in the history of the settlement\\nof the West, and in no one particular is the statement more emphatic\\nthan when applied to the rapid advance of the cause of education. The\\npeople of the Territory point with pride and satisfaction to the 4,000 pub-\\nlic schools dotting the broad prairies, and indicating to the traveler each\\ntownship of the Government survey with almost infallible accuracy.\\nTo the family contemplating a change of home, a question of vital im-\\nportance is: What are the facilities offered in the new country for the ed-\\nucation of children? A study of the facts and figures relative to the\\ngrowth of public schools and other educational institutions in the Terri-\\ntory, will convince the reader that few, even, of the old states offer more\\nencouragement in this respect than is held out by Dakota. The class of\\nsettlers attracted within her borders have been exclusively industrious,\\nthrifty and of good morals, and among the first enterprises begun in the\\nnew community, were buildings for schools and religious worship. So that\\nnow a drive across the prairie in any direction will lead one by the\\ntypical country school-houses, nicely painted, neatly kept and separated\\nfrom one another by distances of only a few miles. The intending settler\\nis assured that whatever may be his views of Dakola formed after a per-\\ngonal visit and investigation, in at least the one matter of school facilities\\nhis highest expectations cannot possibly be disappointed.\\nThe following summary of school statistics for the year 1887 is abridged\\nfrom the annual report of Governor L. K. Church to the Secretary of the\\nInterior. A study of these figures must convince the reader that not-\\nwithstanding the w r onderful growth of this Empire of the Northwest, the\\ncause of education has not been overlooked, but, if anything, has kept in\\nadvance of the progress in other directions:", "height": "4169", "width": "2356", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "li\u00c2\u00bb2\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nEXHIBIT OF GROWTH.\\n1875.\\nYouth of school age\\nEnrolled in public schools\\nAverage daily attendance\\nUngraded schools\\nAverage number days taught\\nWhole number teachers\\nAveiage monthly pay of men\\nAverage monthly pay of women....,\\nValue of school property\\nExpenditures for school purposes.\\n1879.\\n8,848\\n4,428!\\n1883.\\n18\\n208|\\n$35;\\n$25\\n$24,926\\n$32,603!\\n18,535 56,476 109,475\\n9,822 33,988 87,131\\n4,681 20,560 58,379\\n315 1,356 3,856\\n97 93 112\\n464 1,517 4.924\\n$36 $39.70 $34.81\\n$25 $30.70 $30.36\\n$133,952: $937,764 $3,265,590\\n$75,959! $529,837; $1 ,633,501\\nThe foregoing table shows somewhat of the remarkable growth made by\\nDakota and her school system during the twelve years, beginning with\\n1875, and ending with 1887. Not only do these figures show a vast in-\\ncrease in the school population and a consequent increase in the number\\nenrolled, but it shows that in proportion to the whole number, a larger\\nper cent, of the children are enrolled in the schools; and further, that\\nthose enrolled are attending more regularly than in the fore part of\\nthe period covered by these statistics. In 1875 only 53 per cent, of the\\nchildren of school age were enrolled in the schools, and the same per\\ncent, in 1879. In 1883 the per cent, had increased to 62, while the report\\nof 1887 shows that 79 per cent, of the school population attended school\\nfor the whole or a part of the year. During the year 1879 only 25 per\\ncent, of the school population were in regular attendance at school. The\\npercent, of the population attending regularly in 1883, increased to 37,\\nwhile in 1887 we make the magnificent showing of 53 per cent, attending\\nevery day, for the whole term of 112 days. In this respect Dakota leads\\nnearly all of the states.\\nThe whole number of teachers has increased from 208, in 1875, to 4,924,\\nin 1887, but the average wages, for the same period, shows a slight de-\\ncrease for the male teachers, while the wages of the female teachers has\\nincreased from $25 in 1875, to $30.36 in 1887.\\nThe school population multiplied thirteen times during the period from\\n1875, and at the same time the number of schools multiplied twenty times.\\nIn 1875 there was one school for every forty pupils of school age, and in\\n1887 there is one school for every twenty-eight of the children of school\\nage. These figures explain in part the more general and regular atten-\\ndance during the last years of the period, but only in part. Much of the in-\\ncrease in the attendance is doubtless due to the increase in the wealth of\\nthe people. Many parents in the early days were compelled to keep\\ntheir children at home to work in various capacities on the farm. The\\nsteady prosperity of these years has given many more of the comforts of\\nlife, and has enabled parents not only to do without the service of the\\nchildren, but to provide them with books and clothing necessary to attend", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 193\\nthe schools. The real object and best results of the public school will be\\nmost nearly realized in that community where tbe largest proportion of\\nthe population comes most directly under the influence ot the school. In\\nthese items Dakota bears comparison with any of the older states of the\\nEast, which surely argues that she has accomplished much in the few\\nyears since the organization of her school system.\\nCOMPARISON WITH OTHER STATES.\\nProbably no state or territory in the Union has had such a remarkably\\ngrowth of Dakota. Sureiy, none has accomplished so much in the same\\nlength of time; indeed, many have not achieved such headway in afar\\nlonger period. What we have done, is shown in our growth; what we aie,\\nis best shown in comparison with other states.\\nIn school population, Dakota leads Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Nevada,\\nNew Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and all of me tein-\\ntories.\\nIn the number of her teachers, Dakota is ahead of Arkansas, Canrornia,\\nConnecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana. Maryland, Nevada,\\nNew Jersey, New Hampshire, Oregon, Soutn Carolina, Tennessee, Ver-\\nmont, and West Virginia.\\nDakota has more days of school than Colorado, Florida, Kentucky,\\nLouisiana, Maine, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oregon, South Caro-\\nlina, Tennessee, West Virginia, or any of the territories, except Arizona\\nand Utah.\\nIn the value of her school property, Dakota exceeds all of the states\\nand territories, except California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,\\nKansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New\\nYork, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.\\nIn the amount of expenditures for the support of the public schools,\\nDakota is in the lead of the same list, including Connecticut.\\nBut it is in the proportion of her children enrolled that Dakota stands\\nmost favorable comparison. Upon careful comparison with the reports\\nof the other states and territories for 1885, it is found that Connecticut,\\nFlorida, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire and Rhode Island are\\nthe only states that show a larger proportion of their children enrolled in\\nthe public schools. Many of them are far below Dakota in this most im-\\nportant particular. With the exception of the states of Connecticut,\\nFlorida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nevada and New Hampshire,\\nDakota leads the van in the proportion of the pupils enrolled that attend\\nregularly.\\nWhen it is considered that Dakota s population is scattered over such a\\nwide area, that she is supposed to be more unfavorably situated as to her\\nclimate, and that her soil has, until a few years ago, been considered use-\\nless in maintaining civilized life this feature of the report is, perhaps, the\\nmost surprising to those unfamiliar with the work of education in this\\nTerritory, and the most satisfactory to those interested in the educational\\nprogress of Dakota.\\n(7)", "height": "4216", "width": "2421", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "194 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA S SCHOOL EXPENDITURES, IN 1*85, COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES AND TERRTT RrF.S.\\nStates.\\n4? WYOMING TEIi\\n40 NEW MEXICO,\\n45 AlilZOXA.\\n44 IDAHO,\\n43 NEVADA,\\n42 DELAWARE,\\n41 MONTANA,\\n40 UTAH,\\n39 WASHINGTON TER.,\\n38 FLORIDA,\\n37 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\n30 LOUISIANA,\\n5 OREGON,\\n34 NORTH CAROLINA,\\n33 ALABAMA,\\nA 7no.ui:*. y Dollars.\\nS.504\\n.8.973\\n107,879\\n123^368\\n162 ,01-2\\n215. toi\\n225,890\\nDakota expended in 1886 for same purpose $l,917, 258.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 195\\nThese are statements the people have a right to be proud of and the\\nmore so when it is understood that every dollar of the school land is\\nraised by a direct lax. there being no fund available from the disposal of\\nschool lands until after statehood is attained.\\nIn each township two sections of land (sixteen and thirty -six, v or 1,260\\nacres, are set apart, under the National land laws, for the support of the\\nschools, which are to be available when Dakota is admitted as a state. It\\nis estimated that the Territory s school lands will amount to considerably\\nover 5,000,000 acres, which, if sold at the ruling price of today, would create\\nthe largest educational fund ever belonging to an organized state.\\nEducational affairs are -in the hands of a Territorial superintendent of\\npublic instruction appointed biennially by the governor, and confirmed\\nby the Legislature, and of a Territorial board of education, consisting of\\nthree members, of which the superintendent of public instruction is presi-\\ndent. Each organized county has a superintendent of schools who is\\nchosen by the people, in June of each even-numbered year.\\nThe township organization is controlled by a board of directors, one for\\neach sub-district, and one at large. Women, twenty-one years of age, are\\neligible to any school office, and those having the care and custody of\\nchildren, are qualified voters at all school elections. At present thirteen\\nwomen are holding the office of county superintendent of schools and\\nthey are said to average better than the men in ability and application\\nto their duties.\\nThe Bible may not be excluded from any public school, or deemed a\\nsectarian book and the law requires that the highest standard of morals be\\ntaught.\\nSchool attendance is compulsory in all children from ten to fourteen\\nyears of age, for at least twelve weeks in each school year, six of which\\nmust be consecutive, unless such children are excused by the school\\nauthorities for good reasons.\\nSchool revenue is raised by two kinds of taxation, viz.:\\nFirst. A county tax of two mills on each one dollar of taxable property,\\nand a poll tax of one dollar on each elector, the fund arising from which\\nis distributed among the school districts in the county, in proportion to\\nthe population.\\nSecond. Either a local school district tax, which must not exceed three\\nper cent, of the taxable property of the district in which it is levied, or, the\\npatrons of any given school may -meet in what is known as a sub-district\\nmeeting and vote an additional tax upon their own property for the sup-\\nport of the school of their own sub-district,\\nIn many of the cities and towns of the Territory, says the Governor\\nin his annual report, graded and high schools are maintained that will\\nbear comparison with any of the schools of the cities in older states, as to\\ntheir equipment, the efficiency of their teachers, or the scholarship of\\ntheir pupils. The affairs of these schools are usually administered by a", "height": "4177", "width": "2406", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "196\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nspecial board of education. This board employs a superintendent, who\\ngives a part of his time, if not all, to the supervision of the work of the\\nother teachers, and to maintaining a regular and graded system of instruc-\\ntion. The schools are usually kept open during eight or nine months of\\nthe year. The departments are generally designated as primary, gram-\\nmar, ana high school, respectively. Several of these schools are gradua-\\nting classes at each annual commencement; among these, the schools of\\nFargo, Sioux Falls, Grand Forks, Yankton, Aberdeen, Huron, Mitchell,\\nWatertown, Bismarck, and others, might be mentioned.\\nThe following is a tabulated list of the most important of the city\\nschools, with all the statistical information obtainable regarding them:\\nCITIES HAVING AN ENROLLMENT OP OVER 400 PUPILS.\\nCity.\\nPrincipal.\\nNo. oi\\nteachers.\\nNo. of\\npupils.\\nFargo\\nE. H.Smith\\n20\\n19\\n13\\n19\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n1052\\nSioux Falls\\nL. McCartne v\\n773\\nGrand Forks\\nC. H. Clemmer\\n719\\nYankton\\nA. F. Bartlette\\n717\\nWatertown\\nS. A. Foster\\n458\\nAberdeen\\nB. F. Hood\\n455\\nMitchell\\nH. E. Kratz\\n450\\nHuron\\nE. C. Patterson\\n450\\nCITIES HAVING AN ENROLLMENT OP BETWEEN 200 AND 400 PUPILS.\\nCity.\\nBismarck....\\nScotland......\\nMandan\\nGrafton\\nDead wood\\nRedfieid\\nValley City.\\nBrookings....\\nLisbon\\nMilbank\\nPierre\\nLead City....\\nWahpeton....\\nVermillion.\\nCanton\\n*Janiestown.\\nPrincipal.\\nC. D. Abbey\\nGeo. A. McFarland\\nA. S. Parsons\\nProfessor Woods\\nA. T. Free\\nF. S. Beede\\nE. Winterer\\nMerrill Robinson....\\nW. E. Goodrich\\nG. W. Peavy\\nF. C. McClelland\\nL. H. Fell\\nW. C. Crocker\\nE. E. Collins\\nW. H. Fort\\nO. T. Denny\\nNo. of\\nteachers.\\nNo. of\\npupils.\\n10\\n350\\n5\\n286\\n6\\n262\\n6\\n258\\n6\\n230\\n4\\n226\\n4\\n224\\n4\\n220\\n4\\n216\\n4\\n215\\n4\\n213\\n4\\n210\\n4\\n200\\n4\\n200\\n4\\n200\\nNot reported.\\nThe cause of higher education is provided for by seven Territorial insti-\\ntutions and fourteen private colleges, universities and academies.\\nThe Territorial institutions are the Agricultural College, Brookings;\\nUniversity of north Dakota, Grand Forks; the University of Dakota, Ver-\\nmillion; the State Normal School, Madison; the Normal School, Spearfish;\\nthe School of Mines, Rapid City and the Dakota School for Deaf Mutes,\\nSioux Falls.\\nA brief description of each will be found on the succeeding pages.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n197\\nCOLLEGE HALL. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BROOKINGS.\\nTHE DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BROOKINGS, BROOKIXGS COUNTY.\\nFaculty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 President, Lewis McLouth, A. M. Ph. D., professor of chemis-\\ntry and physics; George Lilley, LL. D., professor of mathematics; Luther\\nFoster, B. S professor of agriculture; Stephen G. Updyke, M. S., pro-\\nfessor of English, elocution, and history; Robert F. Kerr, A. M., principal\\npreparatory department, professor of political economy; I. H. Orcutt, M.\\nD. Ph., D., professor of zoology, entomology, and physiology; S. P. Lap-\\nham, professor of music; Charles A. Keffer, acting professor of botany,\\nforestry, and horticulture; Charles P. Beck with, B. S., assistant professor\\nof chemistry and physics; Dalinda Mason, B. S., professor of domestic\\neconomy; Nellie E. Folsom, B. S., preceptress, assistant in English, his-\\ntory, and language; Nancy L. VanDoren, librarian.\\nTotal cost of buildings, apparatus, permanent improvements, etc... $100,140\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-88 42,896\\nIt is proposed to make the school one in which the young men and\\nwomen of Dakota while they are gaining a good thorough college educa-\\ntion, shall also be taught various branches of manual industry. Farming,\\ngardening, care of stock, carpentry, blacksmithing, the various parts of\\nthe machinist s trade for the young men, will occupy them for two", "height": "4219", "width": "2444", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "198 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nhours each day. The various branches of domestic economy, marketing,\\ncooking, serving food, cutting, fitting and making clothing, type writing,\\ntelegraphy, etc., will occupy the young women a corresponding time\\neach dav. The courses of study are such as commonly lead to the Bach-\\nelor of Science degree\u00e2\u0080\u0094 arc strong in zoology, botany, chemistry, mathe-\\nmatics, physics, history, the English language, literature, book-keeping,\\npolitical economy, and business forms and laws. Much attention is also\\ngiven to the science of agriculture, horticulture, fruit-raising and forestry,\\nas well as to domestic hygiene and all the arts of home-making.\\nPI\\nDuring the past year nearly 300 students were enrolled and eleven\\nteachers employed. The college is equipped with fine chemical labora-\\ntory surveying, engineering and physical apparatus to the value of $2,500;\\na farm of 400 acres, herds of thoroughbred cattle, horses, sheep, and swine,\\nbarns, sheds, teams, and a good outfit of farm tools and machinery. There\\nis also a good library of over a thousand volumes of standard and techni-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 199\\ncal works, a well equipped carpenter and machine shop and a culinary\\nlaboratory.\\nThere are three college buildings, as shown in the cuts, on pages 197-98,\\nconsisting of a college hall, ladies dormitory and gentlemen s dormitory.\\nThe institution receives young people of either sex, fifteen years of age\\nand of good moral character, who have a competent knowledge of the com-\\nmon English branches and elementary algebra. A preparatory course is\\nprovided, for the purpose of fitting students for the college classes.\\nBy an act of Congress approved March 2, 1887, accepted by the Terri-\\ntorial Legislature March 11, 1887, an Agricultural Experiment Station,\\nhas been established under the direction of this college, and an annual\\nappropriation of $15,000 is made by the General Government to defray\\nthe necessary expenses of conducting the same.\\nTHE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA, GRAND FORKS, GRAND FORKS COUNTY.\\nFaculty President, Homer B. Sprague, M. A., Ph. D., professor of\\nrhetoric and English literature; Henry Montgomery, M. A., B. Sc, Ph.\\nB., professor of the natural sciences; Webster Merrifield, B. A., pro-\\nfessor of the Greek and Latin languages and literatures, and secretary\\nof the faculty; H. B. Woodworth, B. A., professor of mathematics, physics,\\nand astronomy, and principal of the normal department; John Macnie,\\nM. A., professor of English, French and German; Miss Jennie Allen,\\nB. A., matron and instructor in English and Latin; Miss Cora E. Smith,\\ninstructor in voice culture, and assistant in English branches.\\nTotal cost of buildings, apparatus, permanent improvements, etc..$88,241 .80\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 44,000.00\\nA cut of the university building is shown on page 200.\\nThis building is 51x150 feet in its main dimensions, is four stories in\\nheight, including basement, and is furnished throughout with all the mod-\\nern appliances, including steam heating apparatus, water pipes, etc. The\\nfoundations of an astronomical observatory have been laid, adjoining the\\nmain building, and the superstructure will be completed at an early day.\\nSection nine, of the charter of the university, reads as follows:\\nThe object of the university of north Dakota shall be to provide the\\nmeans of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the various branches of\\nlearning connected with scientific, industrial and professional pursuits, in\\nthe instruction and training of persons in the theory and art of teaching,\\nand also instruction in the fundamental laws of the United States, and of\\nthis Territory, in what regards the rights and duties of citizens, and to\\nthis end it shall consist of the following colleges or departments, to- wit:\\nFirst. The college, or department, of arts\\nSecond. The college, or department, of letters.\\n11 Third. The normal college, or department.\\nFourth. Such professional, or other colleges, or departments, as now\\nare, or may, from time to time, be added thereto or connected therewith.\\nUnder the provisions of this act, three courses have thus far been", "height": "4185", "width": "2420", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 201\\nframed, known as the course in arts, the course in science, and the normal\\ncourse.\\nThe degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred by the board o! regents on\\nthose persons who have completed the course in arts, and have passed the\\nexamination at its close.\\nThe degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred on those who have satis-\\nfactorily completed the course in science.\\nIn the normal department, third class, second class and first class certifi-\\ncates, ar,e given to those students who have passed a satisfactory examina-\\ntion in the work of the first year, second year, and third year, respect-\\nively.\\nNo student who has resided in the Territory for one year next preced-\\ning the date of his or her admission, is required to pay for tuition in any\\ndepartment in the university yet established. A nominal fee, to cover\\nincidental expenses, consisting of five dollars for all students who reside\\nin the Territory, and ten dollars for all others, is required to be paid at\\nthe beginning of each year.\\nThe natural history, anatomical, mineralogical and geological collec-\\ntions consist of about 2,500 specimens. Seventeen glass cases, each eight\\nand one-half feet high by four and one-half feet wide, are already filled with\\nspecimens, which are in a good state of preservation, and there is more\\nmaterial on hand not yet arranged in cases. The collection of skulls and\\nskeletons, representing the different orders of the mammalia, birds, rep-\\ntiles, amphibians and fishes, is especially good. A very large and choice\\ncollection of Black Hills minerals has been placed in the museum during\\nthe past year. The typical fossils of the various formations of the Silurian\\nand Devonian ages are well represented; and there is an unusually fine\\ncollection of the birds of Dakota, mounted and classified. There are like-\\nwise many anatomical models and other preparations for illustrating the\\nlectures in the several departments of natural science.\\nThe museum is to receive large and useful additions during the present\\nyear.\\nThe chemical laboratory is supplied with apparatus necessary for per-\\nforming the ordinary experiments and tests in chemistry and mineralogy\\nFor the practical study of physiology, animal and vegetable histology,\\nand general microscopy, the regents have provided the university with\\ntwo first-class microscopes, whose magnifying powers range from ninety\\nto 650 diameters, and a large and useful set of staining re-agents, section-\\ncutters, glass slides and covers, and other accessories required for prepar-\\ning and mounting microscopic specimens.\\nIt is intended to expend, during the present year, some $2,000 in im-\\nproving the laboratory and apparatus.\\nThe library, at present, numbers nearly 1,000 volumes, embracing in ad-\\ndition to the leading encyclopedias, dictionaries, and atlases, a good col-\\nlection of standard works in science, metaphysics, history, etc. This year", "height": "4209", "width": "2596", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe sum of $2,000 will be expended in purchasing new books to enlarge\\nthe library.\\nA dormitory building of solid brick, 55x103 feet in dimensions, with ac-\\ncommodations for about one hundred students, is in process of erection\\non the university grounds. This building will cost, when completed,\\nabout twenty thousand dollars.\\nDuring the past year seventy-five students were enrolled, of which\\nnumber twenty- six worked at practical and general chemistry in the uni-\\nversity laboratory; fourteen worked at practical zoology, and two at min-\\neralogy. There were fifteen students in the normal department* prepar-\\ning for the work of teaching. Thirty of the teachers, last year, of public\\nschools of north Dakota received their instruction, in this institution.\\nTHE UNIVERSITY OF DAKOTA, VERMILLION, CLAY COUNTY.\\nFaculty President, Edward Olson, M. A., Ph. D., professor of psychol-\\nogy and ethics; Jonathan Rowley, M. A., professor of the Latin language\\nand literature; William A. Scott, B. A., professor of history and English\\nliterature; Lewis E. Akeley, B. A., professor of the natural sciences;\\nLorrain S. Hulburt, B. A., professor of mathematics and principal of the\\npreparatory department; Mary E. Allen, B. A., lady principal and asso-\\nciate professor of ancient languages; Garry E. Culver, principal of the\\nnormal department.\\nTotal cost of buildings, apparatus, permanent improvements, etc $88,500\\nAppropriated fcr maintenance, 1887-8 $36,200\\nCuts of the university, two of the finest public buildings in the Terri-\\ntory, are shown on page 203.\\nThe university of Dakota was located at Vermillion by the Territorial\\nLegislature in 1862, and subsequent Legislatures petitioned Congress for\\npublic lands as an endowment. In 1881 seventy-two sections were granted\\nto Dakota, selected and withdrawn from sale as directed and approved by\\nthe Secretary of the Interior, for the use and support of a university in\\nthe Territory when it should be admitted as a State in the Union.\\nThe main building, of the famous Sioux Falls stone, is 104x72 feet, three\\nstories in height. It has two wings, each 48x62, of the same material, and\\ncorresponding in style, making the whole a substantial and imposing\\nstructure. It is finished in hard woods; the chapel and recitation rooms\\nare large, well lighted and ventilated, and admirably adapted for the uses\\nintended.\\nThere is, in addition, a commodious brick dormitory building; and a\\nsecond dormitory, of the same material as the main structure and of great\\narchitectural beauty, is approaching completion. The buildings are heated\\nthroughout by steam, and have every modern convenience.\\nThe university possesses a good working library of several thousand\\nwell-selected volumes, to which additions are constantly being made.\\nThere are two reading rooms, in which are found the leading newspa-\\npers and periodicals of this country and Europe.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\n205\\n4it\\n^:v^^^ r ^r^^Sl^ tV *.-\u00c2\u00a3w\\nMAIN BUILDING AND LADIES DORMITORY, UNIVERSITY OF DAKOTA,\\nVERMILLION.", "height": "4201", "width": "2468", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "204 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nA liberal appropriation has been made for the improvement of the\\ngrounds; and a system of water-works and drainage, now in process of\\nconstruction, will secure perfect sanitary conditions.\\nThe physical and chemical laboratories are provided with all essential\\napparatus to afford facilities for systematic instruction and practical work.\\nA meteorological station, in connection with the United States signal\\nservice, is located at the university.\\nA collection of valuable minerals and fossils forms the nucleus of inin-\\neralogical and geological cabinets; and the zoological cabinet contains\\nalready a good collection of birds, beetles, and other insects. Large addi-\\ntions to these collections are expected to be made during the coming year.\\nThe university, as at present organized, embraces five departments of\\ninstruction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the collegiate, the preparatory, the normal, the musical, and\\nthe commercial.\\nThe university is open to young men and young women on equal terms.\\nApplicants for admission to the preparatory and normal departments\\nmust give evidence of possessing sufficient maturity and sufficient famili-\\narity with the common school branches to be able to pursue, with reason-\\nable success, the studies prescribed.\\nSatisfactory evidence of good, moral character, will be required of all\\ncandidates for admission to the university; and students coming from\\nother institutions must bring proper credentials with them.\\nCandidates for admission to the freshman class, who have certificates of\\ngraduation from the preparatory department of the university, or from\\nany high school or academy whose course of study shall be approved by\\nthe faculty of the university, will be received without examination. All\\nothers will be required to pass a satisfactory examination.\\nGraduates from the collegiate department, who have completed the\\nprescribed classical course, are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of\\nArts; those who have completed the prescribed literary course, are ad-\\nmitted to the degree of Bachelor of Letters; and those who have com-\\npleted the prescribed scientific course, are admitted to the degree of\\nBachelor of Science.\\nGraduates from the other departments of the university receive ap-\\npropriate diplomas, certifying to the studies pursued by them, and their\\nproficiency in the same.\\nThe institution enrolled, during the past year, 193 pupils in all of its de-\\npartments, and expects to graduate its first class in June of 1888.\\nTHE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, MADISON, LAKE COUNTY.\\nFaculty President, William F. Gorrie, A. M., professor of psychology,\\ndidactics, history, English literature, drawing, reading; Emma F. Purring-\\nton, A. B., preceptress and teacher of Latin, botany, rhetoric, algebra,\\narithmetic; F. G. Young, A. B., professor of mathematics, natural\\nsciences, and languages; Hattie Whalen, teacher of geography,\\nphysical geography, grammar, composition, orthography; D. W.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 205\\nSprague, principal of commercial department; Mrs. L. Lewis, teacher of\\ninstrumental music; George F. Tuttle, principal of intermediate model de-\\npartment; Miss Ida Clark, principal of model school. In addition to the\\nwork of the regular teachers, instruction will be given by lectures during\\nthe year as follows: A. E. Clough, M. D., lectures in physiology; E. L.\\nClark, M. D., lectures in anatomy; J. M. Duff, M. D., lectures in hygiene.\\nTotal cost of present buildings, including apparatus, permanent im-\\nprovements, etc 135,800\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-88 25,000\\nThe original normal school building, upon which the Territory had ex-\\npended upward of $20,000, was destroyed by fire February 4, 1886, after\\nhaving been occupied but eight weeks.\\nThe president writes that, this calamity seemed at first more than\\ncould be borne, but before the next morning, places for accommodating\\nthe school had been prepared, and not a single exercise was lost. The\\nspirit of loyalty which was here manifested, both by the citizens of Madi-\\nson and the students, and which has in no degree waned, has ever been\\nthe source of lightening many of the burdens through these trying times.\\nFour days after the fire, the citizens of Madison met in mass meeting to-\\ndevise means to rebuild the normal; and it was then decided that the\\ncity should, if possible, issue bonds to the amount of $25,000. The city\\nissued the bonds, and out of the fund thus created, erected a beautiful\\nschool structure, (a cut of which is shown on page 200 with solid walls\\nof native jasper, and trimmings of Milwaukee pressed brick and LaCrosse\\nwhite, cut stone.\\nThe building is 76x84 feet, four stories high, including basement, which\\nis built so high above the foundation as to make the rooms high, light, and\\nairy. There are six rooms on each floor besides the cloak-rooms and halls,\\nthe same general plan of rooms being carried up through the different\\nfloors, as the partitions are of solid brick, excepting those on the two up-\\nper floors. These are designed for recitation rooms, except those used as\\nlibrary, reading-room, president s office and exhibit room and have a\\nseating capacity of from 20 to. 186. These rooms are supplied with\\nblack-board surface of genuine slate, covering all available space. The\\nseats are automatic and there are 500 in all.\\nIn the arrangement of the seats, particular care was used in giv-\\ning the student light coming over the shoulder. In no case does\\nthe student sit facing the light; besides, over each window colored\\nglass transoms diffuse a mellow light, which, with the delicately tinted\\nwalls give an agreeable tinge that will insure the student a continuance\\n\u00c2\u00abf good eye-sight. The ventilation is perfect, each room being supplied with\\na flue for the pure air to come in and the foul air to pass off. The sj stem\\nof heating is the best of the kind. The rooms and halls are finished\\nthoughout in hard Georgia pine and oak; the grain of the natural wood\\nbeing brought out by the finish. The stairways, especially, are particu-", "height": "4186", "width": "2452", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "206\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nSTATE NORMAL SCHOOL, MADISON.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 207\\nlarly fine and massive, giving character to the whole building. The dor-\\nmitory, a building built to supply the pressing demands of the school, is\\na four-story building, including basement, containing the kitchen, dining\\nroom, laundry j etc. On the first floor are rooms for the steward and family y\\nparlors, toilet rooms, bath rooms and students rooms. On the second\\nfloor are students rooms, each consisting of study room and bed-room\\nand furnished with bedstead, mattress and springs, chairs, curtains, etc.\\nThe dormitory is heated with the same system of steam heating as the\\nnormal building. Expenses of students are brought down to the lowest\\npossible figures, board at the dormitory being from $2.25 to $2.50 per\\nweek. This includes everything but lights and washing. Text books are\\nfurnished to the students for the fee of twenty-five cent per term.\\nThe Territory has since refunded to he city of Madison the amount,\\nhad expended. The president in liis annu 1 report says:\\nOn making out our report of two years ago, we numbered thirty-two\\npupils and two nrofessors; now we enroll 124 students (besides the model\\nschool,) who are instructed by a corps of eight professors.\\nThe fact that our students come from thirteen different counties in the\\nTerritory, and six students from outside, shows the extent to which the\\nusefulness of this school has reached.\\nThe course of study has been revised and now consists of four courses,\\nnamely: elementary, requiring three years to complete; advanced, which\\nruns with the elementary, and requires four years, as it takes Latin, trig-\\nonometry, and surveying, in addition; commercial, of one year; and pro-\\nfessional, for those who, having taken courses in other institutions, wish\\nto fit themselves for teaching.\\nThe number of students entering the normal during the year ending\\nJune 30, 1885, was forty-eight; whole number of different pupils regis-\\ntered during the year was sixty -live.\\nThe number entering during 1 he year ending June 30, 1886, was ninety-\\none; number of different pupils registered was 141; whole number en-\\nrolled during the fall term, 134.\\nTwo students graduated in June, 188o, and four in 1880, all but one of\\nwhom are now teaching in Dakota. Besides these, Territorial certificates,\\nhave been issued to twenty-nine students, who are now teaching. In the\\npresent attendance there are thirty-live who have taught and sixty-six\\nwho intend to teach.\\nIn granting the certificates, especial rare has been exercised, that none\\nshould be sent out to teach who has not maintained a high scholarship^\\ntested by thorough written reviews fortnightly; for we realize that these\\nteachers are not only living advertisements of our work, hut their work\\nwill soon begin to be marked on the students whom they may prepare\\nfor the normal. With these facts ever before us, we do not intend to send\\nout any superficial scholars or poorly equipped teachers.", "height": "4169", "width": "2479", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "208 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTHE NORMAL SCHOOL, SPEARFISH, LAWRENCE COUNTY.\\nFaculty Principal, Fayette L. Cook; assistants, Margaret A. Thompson,\\nKatharine J. Bingham, Anna C. Fockens; model school, E. F. Snell, Ber-\\ntha Youmans; librarian, Cora Grubbs.\\nTotal cost of buildings, apparatus, permanent improvements, etc.... $30,000\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-88 21,400\\nThe building, so far as completed, (a cut of which is shown on page\\n209,) has a delightful location in the pretty village of Spearfish a city sit-\\nuated on the border of the Hills; and surrounded by the beautiful scenery\\nof that region.\\nThe amount appropriated by the last session of the Legislature ($25,000,)\\nto be expended in the enlargement of the school, will enable the manage-\\nment to remedy the embarrassment this institution has labored under for\\nlack of room, suitable buildings, etc.\\nThe new building as planned, is 75x92 feet. The style of architec-\\nture is full Roman, massive, picturesque. The base of the structure will\\nbe of stone, linework bond, having natural quarry appearance; main\\nwalls of brick, with numerous faces; window and door sills, and caps, of\\ncut stone, roof half-mansard, covered with metallic tiles, the upper part\\nseamed tin. From the middle of the main front a symmetrical tower rises\\nto a height of 120 feet, balanced on each side by dormer window-facings in\\nthe roof, galvanized iron cornices and roof ornaments adding to the beauty\\nof the really handsome building. The ground plan shows five class and\\nrecitation rooms, cloak rooms, and commodious corridors on the first\\nfloor; assembly room, library, office, and three recitation rooms, on the\\nsecond floor; furnace, ventilation and fuel rooms, etc., in the basement.\\nThe following statistics of attendance, etc., for the term ending Decem-\\nber 22, 1886, are given:\\nWhole number of students enrolled 84\\ndumber of males 36\\n^Number of females 48\\nAverage daily attendance 76\\nPer cent, of attendance 90\\nAverage age of students, years 18\\ndumber fitting for teaching 63\\nIt has been the purpose to make the school truly professional in char-\\nacter. Its plans and methods all aim at the preparation of the teachers\\nto teach in the common schools of the Territory. Though the school is so\\nnew, classes are not more than six months behind the corresponding\\nclasses in the elementary course of the normal schools in Minnesota and\\nWisconsin. Much attention is given to the theor)^ and practice of teach-\\ning. The management has organized, in connection with the Spearfish\\npublic school, one of the best conducted primary schools in the United\\nStates. In this school the members of the graduating class teach daily un-\\ntil the close of the year, in June.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n20,)", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "210 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTHE SCHOOL OF MINES, RAPID CITY, PENNINGTON COUNTY.\\nFaculty Franklin R. Carpenter, A. M. C. E., dean, professor of geology\\nand mining engineering; H. 0. Hofman, E. M., professor of assaying and\\nmetallurgy; L. L. Conant, A. M., professor of languages and mathematics;\\nHon. Daniel McLaughlin, professor of mining law; the chair of professor\\nof chemistry and physics, to be supplied.\\nTotal cost of buildings, apparatus, permanent improvements etc $35,820\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-88 20,000\\nThe school, a commodious and substantial, three-story, brick structure\\n53x37 feet, with heavy stone foundation and brick partition walls, (a cut\\nof which is shown on page 2 LI), is located on an eligible site of ten acres\\n(donated by tne citizens of Rapid,) in the eastern portion of the city, and\\noverlooks the Rapid valley and Rapid river.\\nProf. Frank R. Carpenter, dean of the school, says:\\nThe Black Hills offer special and peculiar advantages for such an in-\\nstitution. We have, close at hand, a greater variety of mines than any\\nother school of mines in existence, and have opportunities to practically\\nand efficiently study the science of geology and kindred branches, such\\nas are seldom found at one point. From Rapid City there are, within\\neasy reach, nearly all the older geological formations, a feature not met\\nwith in any other locality within hundreds of miles.\\nBy going from Rapid City to Harney Peak, a distance of but twenty-\\nfive miles, one passes over the upturned edges of nearly all known rocks\\nfrom the Cretaceous age to the granite.\\nWithin a distance of fifty miles are mines of tin, copper, iron, anti-\\nmony, silver-lead, nickel, gold, and silver. To the north and west are\\ncoal measures, oil fields, and salt springs, thus giving us in small space\\nnearly all of the more valuable mineral deposits useful to man. It can,\\ntherefore, be truthfully said that in the Black Hills region is a greater\\nvariety of rocks and useful minerals, than is elsewhere known to exist in\\nany area of like size.\\nThe student is here enabled to familiarize himself with their occurrence\\nin place, and the last Legislature did well to recognize these advantages by\\nthe appropriation of a sum of money to aid the establishment of a school\\nof mines at so favored a point.\\nThe laboratory building is two stories in height, and is 138x60 feet in\\nsize. It is not attached to the college building proper, but stands 200\\nfeet distant from it. The power is furnished by a Corliss engine of forty-\\nhorse power. The stamps, crushers, rolls, jigs, vanners, pans, tanks,\\nfurnaces, etc., are all of actual working size, and furnished by well-known\\nmanufacturers of mining machinery.\\nHaving the necessary machinery, the nearness to the mines makes the\\ngetting of ores a matter of small moment. It is proposed to give the student,\\nfrom time to time, after he has had the necessary theoretical study, quan-\\ntities of ore which he will sample, make assays and tests of, decide the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nkmsSmiefo..:\\nA.KOTA SCHOOL OF MINES, RAPID CITY\\nproper method of working, and after deciding, actually treat the ore. He\\nwill be assisted by his class in his work, and in turn assist the other mem-\\nbers. He will have the benefit of criticism and experience, and will, of\\nnecessity, acquire independent judgment, and a real knowledge of the\\nsubject.\\nThe chemical laboratory is furnished with everything necessary to the\\nstudy of chemistry, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, assay-\\ning, etc. The geological and mineralogical cabinet is large and well furn-\\nished. New specimens are constantly being added for the purpose of\\nst.idy and illustration.\\nThe school library contains many of the principal works that have been\\npublished upon chemistry, mining, geology, metallurgy, etc, and will be\\nadded to, from time to time, as important works appear.\\nAmong the sciences taught, the institution requires special attention to\\nbe given to the study of mineralogy, geology, chemistry, engineering, as-\\nsaying, and the practical treatment of ores. Courses of lectures are deliv-\\nered on these and allied subjects, including mining law.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "212\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMETALLURGICAL LABORATORY, SCHOOL OF MINES. RAPID CITY", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 213\\nDuring the present summer vacation, the dean of the school, Prof.\\nFrank R. Carpenter, has been at work, under the general direction of the\\nboard of trustees, making a complete and thorough geological survey of the\\nmining districts known as Ruby Camp, Bald mountain, Carbonate, Galena,\\nand the Unknown.\\nSave the report of Professor Blake upon tin, nothing worthy of naming\\nhas been published upon the above camps, and it is believed these sum-\\nmer investigations by the faculty will, in the end, prove not less valuable\\nto the Territory than the education of its youth. In the Hills, are vast\\nundeveloped resources, such as coal, oil, clays, gypsum, iron and nickel,\\nas well as gold, silver, and tin, all of which will become better known by\\nthe scientific examinations and tests of the school.\\nTHE DAKOTA SCHOOL FOR DEAF MUTES, SIOUX FALLS, MINNEHAHA COUNTY.\\nOfficers of the school for deaf mutes:\\nJames Simpson, superintendent; Miss Ida E. Wright, matron; Howard\\nMcP. Hufsteater, Miss M. F. Walker, Miss Emma Von Behren, and Mrs.\\nA. L. Simpson, teachers; W. E. Dobson, boys supervisor.\\nTotal cost of buildings, permanent improvements, etc $53,512\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 33,250\\nThe buildings, shown on page 2i4, consist of a boys dormitory, with\\nample room for seventy pupils, built of Sioux Falls granite, trimmed with\\nred pipestone, giving it a pleasing exterior appearance, and a main struc-\\nture, two stories in height, with an eight foot basement. Water, gas,\\nsewer pipes and steam-heating apparatus are placed in the buildings\\nthroughout, and great care has been taken in the provision for ventilating\\nand lighting every room.\\nThere have been added, the present year, a shop wherein the boys can\\navail themselves of the opportunity of learning a useful trade; a laundry\\nbuilding, fitted with laundry machinery, drying rooms, etc., and a new\\nbarn, at a cost of $2,500.\\nFollowing is an extract from the last annual report of the board of trus-\\ntees to the Governor of the Territory:\\nOur visits to the class rooms and the various apartments of the school\\nindicated to us that all were in a commendable state. The students were\\nmaking excellent progress in their studies under the able instruction of\\nthe superintendent, Prof. James Simpson, and his assistants. We have\\nalways found the building clean, neat and tidy, and the children clean,\\nbright and evidently happy, showing care and watchfulness on the part of\\nthe matron, Miss Ida Wright.\\nThe discipline, scholarship and general educational advantages of the\\nschool are highly gratifying, not only to the board, but io the friends and\\npatrons of the schcol. It is the desire of the board that the school con-\\ntinue in its career of prosperity. The general health of the school during\\nthe time covered by this report has been good. The school has been en-\\ntirely free from contagious diseases, though there have been times when", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "214\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nis", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 215\\ntyphoid fever and diptheria prevailed in the cit3^ and surrounding neigh-\\nborhood.\\nThe average number of pupils in attendance during the term of 1885-6\\nwas thirty-one, of which twenty-four were males and seven females. The\\nnumber in attendance at this writing is thirty-six, of which twenty-six\\nare males and ten females.\\nDenominational colleges, universities, or academies are located at Yank-\\nton, Mitchell, Pierre, Sioux Falls, Groton, Scotland, Redfield, Jamestown,\\nTower City, Canton, Arvilla, and Fargo, as follows:\\nTHE YANKTON COLLEGE, YANKTON, YANKTON COUNTY, (CONGREGATIONAL.)\\nFaculty President, Rev. Joseph Ward, D. D., professor of mental\\nand moral philosophy; A. F. Bartlett, A. M., professor of physics and\\nmathematics, and principal of the preparatory and normal departments;\\nRev. John T. Shaw, A. M., professor of Latin and instructor in elocution;\\nMr. Edward M. Young, director of the musical department; Mrs. E. M.\\nYoung, assistant instructor in music; TV. J. McMurtry, A. M., professor of\\nGreek; H. H. Swain, A. M., instructor in history and English literature;\\nMrs. Frances D. Wilder, preceptress and teacher of German; Miss Louise\\nHannum, assistant in normal department and teacher of French General\\nW. H. H. Beadle, lecturer on history and civil government; Rev. D. B.\\nNichols, A. M.j librarian and curator of cabinets; Mrs. A. M. Dawson,\\nmatron.\\nThis college, the first institution for higher education in Dakota, was\\nestablished by the congregational churches of Dakota, to furnish the\\nmeans of a christian education to young men and women.\\nThe general association took the first step by appointing a college com-\\nmittee at its ninth session, held at Canton, May 20, 1875. This committee\\nwas continued from year to year, until at a special meeting, held also at\\nCanton, May 25, 1881, the association ratified the recommendation of the\\ncommittee and located the college at Yankton.\\nThe college was incorporated August 30, 1881. The first session for in-\\nstruction was held in the chapel of the congregational church, with five\\npupils present, October 4, 1882. The corner stone of the present building\\nwas laid June 15, 1882, and the building was ready for use at the opening\\nof the second school year, September 5, 1883.\\nThe steady growth in the number of pupils, until at the end of the\\nfourth year, there are over 150 in regular attendance, shows that the associa-\\ntion was justified in establishing the college.\\nThe trustees have joined with the faculty in a determination to found\\nan institution of the highest grade. To this end the standard has been\\nplaced high, and will be advanced as often as may be found necessary to\\ncarry out the fixed policy to establish an institution that shall do the best\\nwork.\\nThe college building is 40x60 feet, three stories high, with a tower one\\nstory higher.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "216 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA:\\nThis furnishes a chapel seating 160, four large recitation rooms, a chemi-\\ncal laboratory, a society room, besides dressing rooms, closets, and storage\\nrooms.\\nThe material used is red granite from Sioux Falls, trimmed with white\\nstone from Iowa.\\nThe institution graduated its first class in June of the present year. The\\nmusical department is in the hands of Prof, and Mrs. E. M. Young, both\\ngraduates of the New England conservatory of music, at Boston. The\\nlibrary already numbers 3,000 volumes of well selected books, and is con-\\nstantly increasing. The college has a valuable geological and mineralogi-\\ncal cabinet, in the care of a competent curator.\\n.DAKOTA UNIVERSITY, MITCHELL, DAVISON COUNTY, (METHODIST.)\\nFaculty President, Rev. Wm. Brush, D. D.; vice president, Rev. P. A.\\nReno, A. M., professor of mental and moral philosophy and normal\\ninstructor; Fred C. Eastman, A. M., professor of Greek and Latin; T.\\nH. Duncan, professor of natural science and mathematics; Eleazar S.\\nMashbir, A. M., professor of German; J. A. Wakefield, M. S., principal\\nof commercial department and lecturer on commercial law and political\\neconomy; Miss Fannie B. Chapman, instructor in stenography and type-\\nwriting; William Richardson, professor of vocal music; Edith Rogers, in-\\nstrumental music; Hattie J. Taylor, elocutionist; Mrs. T. H. Walker,\\ndrawing, painting, and fine art; Mrs. P. A. Reno, preceptress; Rev. T. H.\\nWalker, steward.\\nThis institution is most pleasantly situated on an eminence in the\\nsuburbs of Mitchell, and commands a magnificent view in all directions.\\nThe grounds have an area of 320 acres. The locality is exceptionally\\nhealthful.\\nThe main building is a beautiful and commodious structure of four\\nstories, with 115 feet front, of Venetian architecture, built of solid jasper\\ngranite, trimmed with concrete and sandstone.\\nStudents wishing to board in the building, can be supplied with finely\\nfurnished, well ventillated rooms, ten and twelve feet in height, heated\\nby steam, at low rates.\\nOf the different departments, the preparatory is designed to lay a broad\\nand solid foundation for the successful pursuit of the higher branches in\\nthe collegiate course, at the same time affording a thorough drill in the\\ncommon branches to those studying mainly with reference to teaching in\\nthe common schools.\\nIn the collegiate department, the course of instruction is complete and\\nthorough, and is substantially the same as that of the best colleges and\\nuniversities of this country. Two courses have been laid out the classi-\\ncal and scientific, leading respectively to the degree of Bachelor of Arts\\nand Bachelor of Science. The former is the regular college course, in-\\ncluding four, or five years of Greek and five of Latin.\\nThe latter is a less complete course, designed for those whose time ia", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 217\\nmore limited, and gives attention more particularly to the modern lan-\\nguages and science.\\nThe business department is designed to give those desiring it, a thorough\\nand practical business education, including a complete course in book-\\nkeeping, commercial law, phonography, telegraphy, penmanship, etc.\\nPIERRE UNIVERSITY, PIERRE, HUGHES COUNTY, PRESBYTERIAN.)\\nFaculty President, Rev. Wm. M. Blackburn, D. D., professor of\\nmental, moral, and political sciences; George G. Hitchcock, A. B., pro-\\nfessor of languages; (the chairs of mathematics and natural sciences are\\nnow vacant;) Miss Mary R. Campbell, B. S., assistant teacher of languages\\nand mathematics; Miss Ella M. DeLano, Miss Callie Case, Geo. B. Safford,\\nand E. T. Jaynes, assistant teachers; Miss Laura B.Templeton, teacher of\\nmusic; Mrs. Abbie W. Hitchcock, teacher of drawing and vocal music.\\nThe academic, normal, collegiate and music departments of this institu-\\ntion constitute the present college of the intended university. It is\\nowned and controlled by the presbyterian synod of [southern] Dakota,\\nwhich appoints its board of eleven trustees. It is not sectarian in educa-\\ntion, while it is conducted on the basis of true science and evangelical\\nChristianity.\\nAll well recommended and qualified applicants of both sexes, whatever\\ntheir religious views or denominations, who agree to conform to such re-\\nquirements as are common to kindred institutions are admitted.\\nThe college is built on one of the most commanding sites in the Mis-\\nsouri valley. Its property is valued at $40,000, of which three-fourths is\\nin two substantial buildings well adapted to their purposes.\\nThe university was considerately located at Pierre with a view to the\\nfuture population, demands and conveniences of south Dakota. Good\\nhealth, suitable climate and attractive scenery, are among the advantages\\nof the location.\\nThe college had in its first year, 1883-4, thirty-six students. In its\\nfourth year it had twice that number, two-thirds of whom came over dis-\\ntances varying from five to 250 miles. It offers instruction at rates of eight\\nto twelve dollars a term three terms in a year; provisions for aiding stu-\\ndents who are dependent on self help; and board at very moderate rates\\nin the college club, or in private families. All the students are under\\nthe personal supervision of the faculty. This institution is entitled to the\\nhonor of conferring a diploma on the first college graduate in Dakota.\\nSIOUX FALLS UNIVERSITY, SIOUX FALLS, MINNEHAHA COUNTY, (BAPTIST.)\\nFaculty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 President, Rev. E. B. Meredith, A. M., B. D., professor of\\nmental and moral science and mathematics; F. J. Walsh, A. B., professor\\nof Greek and Latin languages; A. H. Tufts, M. D., professor of anatomy,\\nphysiology, hygiene, and zoology; Miss Carrie E. Lawrence, preceptress,\\nand teacher of history and English literature; Mrs. F. J. Walsh, principal\\nof the model school and teacher of the primary branches; O. W. Moore,\\nteacher of vocal and instrumental music; Mrs. D. P. Ward, teacher of\\ndrawing and painting.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "218 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe Sioux Falls university is located at Sioux Falls, a leading city of\\nsouthern Dakota. The climate is healthful, and the scenery varied and\\ninviting. Everything is calculated to inspire the student to enterprising\\nwork.\\nFor lectures and other means of outside instruction, all of which are\\nvaluable, the place presents such advantages as few Western cities can\\noffer.\\nThe rooms in the school building are heated by steam, and in the girls\\nbuilding by stoves. The expense to each student is about thirty-five cents\\nper week, during the time when heat is required.\\nA four-story building, of Sioux Falls jasper, has been erected on a beauti-\\nful eminence overlooking the city, and within a mile of the business\\ncenter. It contains four recitation rooms, chapel, large kitchen and dining-\\nhall, living rooms for two or three teachers, and twenty-four dormitory\\nrooms. The entire building is heated by steam and well ventilated.\\nA large house, just across the street from the university, has been\\nrented for the accommodation of the girls. The preceptress will live in\\nthis, and pains will be taken to make it a comfortable and quiet home for\\nthem.\\nThis gives an opportunity of keeping the boys and girls entirely sepa-\\nrate, except at meals and recitations.\\nCourses in science, the classics, philosophy, and music are provided.\\nNormal and preparatory courses are also taught.\\nGROTON COLLEGE, GROTON, BROWN COUNTY, (PRESBYTERIAN.)\\nFaculty President, Rev. Jas. A. Marshall, M. A., professor of\\nmental science, logic, history, and Biblical instruction; R. L. Slagle, A. B.,\\nprofessor of mathematics and natural science; Jno. I. Cleland, A. B.,\\nprofessor of languages; Mrs. Miller, instructor in vocal and instrumental\\nmusic.\\nGroton college was established at Groton, Dakota, in the fall of 1885, by\\nthe presbytery of Aberdeen. The wisdom of this step was shown by the\\nfact that 101 students were enrolled during the first year. This auspicious\\nopening was under the presidency of Rev. J. M. Linn. In 1886, Rev.\\nJames A. Marshall, M. A., was elected president, and entered on his duties\\nat the beginning of the present college year. His associates in the faculty\\nare well qualified for their duties, and are doing effective work in their\\nrespective departments.\\nThe property of the institution consists of a campus of forty acres within\\nthe corporate limits of Groton, on which were erected, previous to the\\nautumn of 1886, a chapel and dormitory. This property was secured by\\ngift from the citizens of Groton and the friends of education in the pres-\\nbytery of Aberdeen.\\nIt is the purpose of the trustees and faculty to afford students all the\\nfacilities within their power, and to do as good work in their training as\\ncan be done elsewhere. They see the need of higher education in this\\nvast region and will spare no pains to meet this necessity.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 219\\nThe following courses are taught:\\nA classical course corresponding to that of the best Eastern colleges, and\\ndesigned to lay a good foundation for broad and liberal culture on the\\nlong-tried and time-honored system.\\nA scientific course intended for those who prefer to give more study of\\nthe sciences and modern languages.\\nA normal course arranged to meet the wants of teachers. The elemen-\\ntary course fits them for teaching all the branches of a common English\\neducation. The complete course will fit them for teaching those higher\\nbranches which come within the sphere of the graded and normal\\nschools.\\nA commercial course formed after the best models of the business col-\\nleges in the large cities, and designed to train students in the theory and\\npractice of modern business.\\nA musical course so graded as to make the advance easy and pleasant,\\nand to give such a variety of drill and exercises as to make it complete.\\nALL SAINTS SCHOOL, SIOUX FALLS, MINNEHAHA COUNTY, (EPISCOPALIAN)\\nFaculty President, Rt. Rev. W. H. Hare, D. D., lecturer on evi-\\ndences and christian ethics; Miss Helen S. Peabody, principal and teach-\\ner of Latin; Rev. F. Gardiner, Jr,, lecturer in science; Miss Mary O. Be-\\nment, higher English Miss Margery Cryer, mathematics and plrysics;\\nMiss Mary Share, primary principal and teacher of history; Mrs. E. B.\\nCross, M. D., physiology and hygiene; Miss Julia B. White, instrumental\\nmusic; Miss Kathleen Gillmore, vocal culture and tone production; Miss\\nClara Willatowski, German.\\nA boarding and day school for young ladies and children, under the im-\\nmediate supervision of the Rt. Rev. AV. H. Hare, D. D., missionary bishop\\nof south Dakota.\\nThe location of the school building is exceptionally fine, on the\\noutskirts of Sioux Falls, a town beautifully situated at the falls of the\\nSioux river, which, within the limits of the city, plunges ninety feet over\\nrocky rapids and cascades. The building stands on an elevated and com-\\nmanding site, looking down Main street. It is quite in the country, yet\\nwithin ten minutes walk from the center of the city.\\nThe building, constructed in the most substantial manner of the cele-\\nbrated Sioux Falls jasper, is one of the most beautiful in the Northwest.\\nIt is heated by steam, lighted by gas, and supplied with wholesome, deli-\\ncious water from a well on the grounds of the school. Bath-rooms are\\nconveniently placed throughout the building, and especial attention has\\nbeen paid to securing perfect ventilation, drainage, and safety from fire.\\nThe interior, with its chapel, wide halls, warm, well-lighted parlor, din-\\ning-room and school-rooms, is carefully finished and arranged with an es-\\npecial view to making this an attractive, cheery home.\\nEvery effort is put forth to make this a home-school of high grade,\\nwhere tne pupils will be surrounded with elevating influences and wuse", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "220 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\ndiscipline, and the results sought are thorough mental training, physical\\ndevelopment, refinement of feeling and manners, and sound Christian\\ncharacter.\\nThe courses taught include the study of the usual English branches,\\nmusic, etc., and the standard works on history, literature, science, mathe-\\nmatics, and the languages.\\nSpecial arrangements are made for young ladies who desire to pursue\\nspecial branches, or to finish their education.\\nSCOTLAND ACADEMY, SCOTLAND, BONHOMME COUNTY, PRESBYTERIAN.)\\nFaculty Alexander Straehan, A. M., principal, professor of ancient\\nclassics and mathematics; SaraS. Ferguson, A. M., assistant principal, and\\nprofessor of natural sciences and pedagogics; Rev. B. T. Balcar, A. B.,\\nprofessor of modern languages and music; Carrie S. Marsh, teacher of\\nmusic and history; Ida Ferguson, instructor of arithmetic and English;\\nHon. T. 0. Bogert, lecturer on commercial law.\\nThe academy building is a new brick structure, and was opened to re-\\nceive the first class September 20, 1886.\\nThe object that the founders of the academy have in view is to present\\nfacilities for a liberal education under christian influence. Thorough in-\\nstruction is guaranteed in ancient and modern languages; mathematics,\\npure and applied; physical, mental, and moral science; pedagogy, science,\\nof accounts, music and German. Special attention is paid to preparation\\nfor college, for teaching and for business.\\nThe institution had upon its rolls, at the close of the first year, forty\\nstudents pursuing a literary course and eighteen others engaged in the\\nstudy of music.\\nREDFIELD COLLEGE, REDFIELD, SPINK COUNTY, (CONGREGATIONAL.)\\nFaculty President, Rev. David Beaton, professor of mental and moral\\nphilosophy; Rev. J. W. Parkhill, A. M., professor of Latin and French\\nand instructor in natural sciences; Mrs. Susan W. Hassell, A. M., acting\\nprincipal of academy and instructor in English language and literature, and\\nmathematics; Rev. A. Wuerrschmidt, acting professor of German; Mrs.\\nMargaret. B. Dawes, A. B., lady principal and instructor in Greek and\\nhistory; Mrs. D. F. Brown, instructor in painting and drawing; Rev. D.\\nR. Tomlin, curator and librarian; music, vocal and instrumental, in charge\\nof the principal of the Dakota conservatory of music; Prof. W. H.\\nDempster, princiual of normal department.\\nThis institution was established but recently and is at present occupying\\ntemporary quarters in the city of Redfield. The college building proper,\\nwhich will be ready for occupancy sometime in November of this year, is\\na large, commodious structure furnished with suitable conveniences for\\nheating and ventilation, and is situated on a slight elevation just south of\\nthe city, affording a fine view of the surrounding country.\\nIn the preparatory department, the courses of study consist of a classi-\\ncal course of three years, a scientific course of two years, a normal course\\nof four years, and a business course of two terms.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 221\\nIn the collegiate department proper, the courses of study will consist of\\nclassical, scientific and literary courses of four years each.\\nThe board of trustees intend furnishing the very best of instruction\\nobtainable in vocal and instrumental music, and hope to make this de-\\npartment of great value to the students.\\nSystematic instruction will be provided in drawing and painting.\\nJAMESTOWN COLLEGE, JAMESTOWN, STUTSMAN COUNTY, PRESBYTERIAN.)\\nThe presbyterian society have located their college for north Dakota at\\nJamestown, on ground donated for the purpose. A fine, new building of\\nbrick, 100 feet long by forty-four feet wide, three stories high, is under\\nconstruction. The institution is presided over by Prof. N. M. Crowe, A.\\nM., and five assistant professors. Full college instruction is taught, in-\\ncluding the sciences, arts, and the liberal courses. The enrollment, last\\nyear, was forty pupils. The permanent property of the college is valued\\nat $35,000.\\nFARGO COLLEGE, FARGO, CASS COUNTY, (CONGREGATIONAL.)\\nThe course of instruction in the academy, (the preparatory department\\nof the college soon to be established,) is under the charge of Prof. F. T.\\nWaters, A. M. For the present school year, three courses of study are\\nprovided, viz.: The classical, which will give ample preparation for col-\\nlege; the scientific, which will prepare the student for the higher philoso-\\nphical course; and the English, which will meet the wants of those not in-\\ntending to enter college, but wishing studies helpful to an entrance upon\\nbusiness life.\\nProf. E. A. Smith, a competent and thorough instructor, is at the head\\nof the musical department.\\nARVILLA ACADEMY, ARVILLA, GRAND FORKS COUNTY.\\nThe Arvilla academy offers to the young men and young ladies of the\\nNorthwest, a means of obtaining a good classical education with the least\\npossible expense. Young men are prepared for the freshman and sopho-\\nmore classes of the best colleges. Young ladies receive instruction in all\\nthe branches taught in modern seminaries. The course adopted in the\\nmusical department is the same as that of the musical conservatory of\\nStuttgart, Germany. Rev. J. A. Brown is principal, and Miss Sadie P.\\nBrown, assistant principal. Four teachers are employed, and forty pupils\\nwere in attendance last year. The institution owns buildings worth\\n$3,500.\\nTOWER UNIVERSITY, TOWER CITY, CASS COUNTY, (BAPTIST.)\\nThis institution, now in its second year, is under the management of\\nProf. C. F. Dame, A. B., principal, Miss U. A. Dame, assistant principal,\\nand Mrs. J. W. Clapp, instructor of music. The school admits both male\\nand female students. Four year courses of the usual college studies are\\ntaught. An excellent library of 1,700 volumes is within the reach of\\nstudents attending the university. The college rolls, last year, contained\\nthe names of forty pupils.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "222 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nAUGUSTAN A COLLEGE, CANTON, LINCOLN COUNTY, (NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN.)\\nFaculty M. D. Miller, A. M., principal; L. A. Vigness, A. B., professor\\nof the languages and literature; Miss Anna Wright, in charge of the pre-\\nparatory department; Louis Larson, teacher of book-keeping; and Mrs.\\nM. D. Miller, instructor in music. Regular courses of college and normal\\ninstruction are provided. The total number of pupils enrolled the last\\nschool year, was ninety-eight, fifty males and forty-eight females. The\\ninstitution owns property valued at $6,000.\\nThe catholic church has established parochial schools, as follows:\\nAcademy of the Sacred Heart, Yankton; St. Joseph academy, Fargo; St.\\nMary s academy, Bismarck; one at Grand Forks, and a school for girls at\\nAberdeen, recently founded.\\nCommercial and business colleges are established at Fargo, Yankton,\\nand Sioux Falls.\\nThe last Legislature made provision for the professional training of\\nteachers at public expense, in an act authorizing the Territorial board of\\neducation to designate ten private or sectarian schools to give normal\\ntraining to classes of not less than ten nor more than twenty-five pupils,\\nthe tuition to be paid from the Territorial treasury at the rate of $1 per\\nweek per pupil. The Territorial board has appointed seven of the\\nschools and other appointments will be made at any early day.\\nThe schools appointed are as follows:\\nJamestown college, Tower university, of Tower City, Groton college,\\nRedfleld college, Pierre university, Mitchell university, and Scotland\\nacademy.\\nINDIAN EDUCATION.\\nFor the education of the Indians of the Territory, there were main-\\ntained last year, (1886,) by the Government and the different missionary\\nsocieties, forty-eight day schools, sixteen boarding schools, and six indus-\\ntrial schools a total of seventy schools with average attendance in all of\\nnearly 3,000 pupils. This shows an increase of school attendance over\\nthat of previous years. In 1884 the average school attendance was but\\n1,293, and there were only twenty-four schools in operation.\\nThe average cost to the Government of the maintenance, for the average\\nschool attendance of Indian children, is estimated at $76 per capita, for\\nthe entire school population $15 per capita, and for each school in opera-\\n$4,225\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nearly double the cost of tuition in the public schools of Dakota.\\nThe Commissioner of Indian affairs in his annual report for 1886, says:\\nIt is yet undetermined what kind of schools are best adapted to pre-\\npare the Indian for self-support, and that independence which will ena-\\nble him to meet and successfully encounter the shrewd competition\\nwhich henceforth everyone will find contesting his path in the social,\\ncivic, and business affairs of life. Indian educators themselves, differ in\\nopinion as to what kind of Indian schools are preferable, and the same\\ndifference exists among those of both houses of Congress who have charge", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 223\\nof Indian matters. That each of the different kinds of schools or methods\\nof education can lay some claims to merit, cannot be denied.\\nAs an incentive to make the best use of the educational advantages\\noffered those pupils of both sexes who attend industrial institutions, the\\nCommissioner thinks it would be wise for Congress to make an appropria-\\ntion from which every Indian youth who shall gradute from school and\\nmarry an Indian maiden who has also graduated, may be assisted in set-\\ntling down upon a homestead of 160 acres, in purchasing a team, in break-\\ning and fencing land, and in building a house. If the homestead is not\\non an Indian reservation, the man should also have the privilege of citiz-\\nenship, including the right of suffrage. Such a law would greatly encourage\\nIndian youths and maidens in their resistance to the evil and savage in-\\nfluences of their untutored friends, and would do much to keep them\\nfrom a return to savage life.\\nThe Honorable Commissioner s recommendations embody the convic-\\ntions of everyone at all familiar with Indian customs and habits and the\\nquestion of his possible civilization.\\nMany of the schools maintained for the benefit of the Indians are\\nmanaged by diligent, earnest teachers and have performed astonishing\\nresults in educating the minds of the young of these wild tribes; but the\\ndifficulty met with, under the policy at present in force is, that after the\\nschools are through with the pupil, he is given back to the tribe with\\nevery incentive about him to resume his original state of savagery.\\nThe school system in vogue may be said to give the poor little heathen\\na glimpse of the Heaven of knowledge and civilization, simply to increase\\nthe cruelty of his banishment to a hell of sloth and degradation.\\nThe writer, who has lived all his life in close proximity to the Indians\\nof the West, and has held pretty strong convictions as to the utter useless-\\nness of the race, remembers well his surprise and secret mortification on\\nvisiting, last summer, the Saint John s boarding school for Indian girls,\\nnear the Cheyenne river agency, Sioux Indian reservation, to find that\\nhe had been in gross error all along, as regards the capacity of the Indian\\nmind to acquire learning and knowledge. This excellent school, under\\nthej management of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Kinney, Jr., is a model of neatness\\nand^order, and each little girl when called upon displayed a knowledge,\\nand demeanor completely dumbfounding to one who had so cruelly mis-\\njudged them for years.\\nNot far from here, on the east bank of the Missouri, at Oahe, is a sec-\\nond industrial and boarding school for Indian girls, under the supervis-\\nsion of Rev. T. L. Riggs and wife, who also are noted for their earnest and\\nphilanthropic efforts in the cause of Indian education. Rev. Mr. Riggs\\nbelongs to a family who, for generations, have devoted their lives to\\nmissionary work. The present school building accommodates above fifty\\ngirls, and a companion building is contemplated with rooms for an equal\\nnumber of boys.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224 R ESOUECES F D A K OTA\\nThe recommendation of Commissioner Atkins that a large industrial\\nand training school near the Great Sioux reservation should be estab-\\nlished and the graduates of the day and reservation schools should b\u00c2\u00a9\\nsent there for advanced instruction, is to be carried out by the establish-\\nment of such an institution, by the General Government, to cost $100,000,\\nat Pierre, Hughes county, where the citizens have generously donated\\nsuitable grounds for the building, and a farm of 160 acres.\\nAt Yankton the academy of the Sacred Heart, a fine and costly brick\\nstructure, is used for a school for Indian boys, and is in a flourishing and\\nprosperous condition under the patronage of the catholic church.\\nHope school is located at Springfield, has three teachers and forty\\npupils and property worth $17,000. Miss F. E. Howes is the principal.\\nSt. Mary s school at Rosebud agency has five teachers, forty-five pupils\\nand property valued at $17,000. The principal is M. A. Hays.\\nSt. Paul s school at the Yankton agency has four teachers, thirty-six\\npupils and property worth $20,000. J. F. Johnston is the principal.\\nThe three last named institutions for the education of the Indian, are\\nunder the management of the episcopal church.\\nPamphlets and maps descriptive of every section of the great Territory,\\nexplaining the Government land laws and answering questions of interest\\nto those in search of a new home, are forwarded to any address on ap-\\nplication to the Commissioner of Immigration, Pierre, Dakota.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 225\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nTHE CAPITOL, BISMARCK, BUELEIGH COUNTY.\\n(Cut oij page 2.)\\nThe capitol was removed from Yankton in 1883, and established at Bis-\\nmarck by a commission, appointed at the preceding session of the Terri-\\ntorial Legislature, to permanently locate the seat of Government.\\nUnder the terms of removal, the city of Bismarck donated the capitol\\nbuilding, costing $100,000, and grounds, covering 320 acres in all valued at\\n$100,000. The building, (see frontispiece) thus far completed, is without\\nthe north and south wings, as planned. It is four stories high, built of\\nnative pressed brick and terra cotta, trimmed with white limestone fa-\\ncings, columns, and sills, and heated throughout by steam. The appear-\\nance of the architectural design is pleasing, the general effect of which is\\nenhanced, to a wonderfrJ 1 -ee, by the commanding position the building\\noccupies, on an elevated plateau about a mile north of the business center\\nof the city. On the second floor are the offices of the Governor, Secretary\\nof the Territory, Auditor, Treasurer, and Attorney General. The third\\nfloor is occupied by offices of the railway commission, rooms for the vari-\\nous Legislative committees, Territorial library, and historical collections,\\nand the Legislative chamber, which extends in height through the fourth\\nstory. The Council hall is on the fourth floor. The building when com-\\npleted will be one of the finest edifices in the Northwest.\\nTHE DAKOTA PENITENTIARY, SIOUX FALLS, MINNEHAHA COUNTY.\\n(Cut on Page 226.)\\nDirectors Philip L. Runkel, Salem; John J. Murry, Sioux Falls;\\nPorter P. Peck, Sioux Falls; W. H. Corson, Sioux Falls; E. P. Beebe,\\nSioux Falls; warden, Dan. S. Glidden; physician, Dr. J. C. Morgan.\\nTotal cost of that part of the building and permanent improve-\\nments furnished by the Territory $101,475 05\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 70,700 00\\nThe building 54x70 feet, with two wings 51x77 feet, is built of Sioux Falls\\njasper on a commanding site some 165 feet above the Big Sioux river and\\nabout one mile north of the business center of the city. It is constructed", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "226\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 227\\non the most approved plans for such institutions, after a careful examina-\\ntion, by the first board of directors, of a number of Eastern prisons, and\\nis furnished throughout with steam heating apparatus, and all modern\\nappliances. The institution is supplied with a splendid independent\\nwater- works system, and is lighted by an Edison electric plant.\\nWorkshops, (where the prisoners are emploj^ed in polishing the native\\ngranite,) barns, etc., have been constructed on the prison grounds.\\nEighty-six prisoners were confined in this institution at the date of the\\nwarden s last report to the Governor, November 30, 1886.\\nThe General Government occupies one wing of the prison, for the con-\\nfinement of offenders against the laws of the United States.\\nBISMARCK PENITENTIARY, BISMARCK, BURLEIGH COUNTY.\\n(Cut on page 228.)\\nBoard of directors J. A. McLean, Bismarck; Norman L. Shattuck,\\nFargo; John Russell, Valley City; Andrew J. McCabe, Jamestown; Hora-\\ntio C. Plumley, Fargo; Alexander McKenzie, Bismarck; warden, Dan\\nWilliams; physician, Wm. A. Bentley; chaplain, Rev. F. Wolfgang.\\nTotal cost of buildings, permanent improvements, etc $95,281 20\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 73,2G0 00\\nThe penitentiary is a well constructed and suitably arranged building of\\nbrick, iron and stone, and contains seventy-two cells, warden s office, apart-\\nments for guards, officers and guards dining-hall, chapel, barber-shop,\\nkitchen and store-room. It stands on a tract of forty-three acres, two miles\\neast of the business center of Bismarck. The furnishings and appliances\\nare of the plans adopted by the older states, including steel cells, water-\\nworks, sewers, laundry and steam-heating apparatus. The prison grounds\\nhave been nicely laid out, and several hundred young trees planted;\\nstables, root-houses, and other outbuildings erected, mostly by prison\\nlabor.\\nDuring the present summer, (1887,) the prisoners, some of them, have\\nbeen employed in making improvements about the grounds of the capitol\\ngrading, painting, fencing, planting trees\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the result has been\\na wonderful improvement in the appearances of a location naturally\\nso advantageous.\\nAdditional cells and other betterments are now being provided. Fifty\\n-two convicts were confined in this penitentiary at the date of the war-\\nden s last report, November 30, 188G.\\nDAKOTA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, JAMESTOWN, STUTSMAN COUNTY.\\n(Cut on Page 23 J)\\nBoard of trustees Samuel K. McGinnis, Jamestown; Lewis Lyon,\\nJamestown; Francis E. Jones, Jamestown; Dr. Hector Galloway, Fargo;\\nL. F. Minzesheimer, Bismarck; superintendent, Dr. O. W. Archibald;\\nsteward, W. D. Nickeus.\\nTotal cost of buildings, permanent improvements, etc $270,200 00\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 107,950 00", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "228\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n(P?^^1 T^\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i TT", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 229\\nThe buildings completed, consist of two separate wards, one for the use\\nof female patients, and the other for males. Kitchen building, including\\ndining room and laundry. Office building, including superintendent s\\nresidence. Water tow T er, barn, out buildings, etc. They are substantially\\nerected of brick, on solid stone basements, in the most approved style of\\nmodern architecture for hospital purposes, and were designed with a\\nview to securing the best sanitary conditions, with strict reference to com-\\nfort and convenience in the care and treatment of the unfortunate\\npatients who might be confined there. The buildings are all separate and\\ndistinct, so that while more room, comfort, and privacy is secured be-\\ntween the sexes, any additions and extensions may easily be made, in\\nthe future, as desirable or needed.\\nThe location is all that could be desired for an institution of this kind,\\ncommanding a view that is unsurpassed for beauty the varying land-\\nscape spread out for miles in every direction the James river, skirted\\nwith timber, winding around at the foot of the bluff, with a grand view of\\nthe city of Jamestown and the valley of the James for miles away. Being\\non the bluff the air is very pure, the drainage perfect.\\nThe buildings are lighted by Edison incandescent electric lights, sup-\\nplied with water pipes throughout, steam heating apparatus, and a system\\nof sewerage. It has been the constant aim of the management to have\\nthe furnishings perfect and convenient even to the smallest details.\\nThe hospital is a model of neatness and order and has the gentle quiet-\\nness of a home.\\nThe patients are kept as neat and clean as possible; their minds are\\ndiverted from moody subjects, and they are cheered and amused in every\\nway, which seems to be the only proper course to pursue with insanity.\\nMany, under this treatment, recover. There is very little, if any, force\\nused, and there are no jail cells or iron bars to give the impression of\\nconfinement; kindness and cheerfulness, from the results here, seem to\\nbe the best remedies for minds diseased.\\nTwo hundred and fifty acres of the land belonging to the institution,\\nhave been enclosed with a substantial wire fence, for garden and pasturage.\\nThere were 136 inmates confined in the asylum at the time of the super-\\nintendent s report, November 30, 18SG.\\nIn addition to the present buildings, there are now under construction,\\ntwo detached wards to accommodate seventy-five patients each; an amuse-\\nment hall; engine and coal houses, kitchen, barn for stock, etc. All of\\nthe detached wards will be connected by an underground corridor, to be\\nused for conveying food from the general kitchen to the patients. With\\nthese improvements added, the north Dakota hospital for the insane will\\nbe one of the most convenient and home-like institutions in any state or\\nterritory.\\nThe average of insanity in Dakota is one to every 1,878 inhabitants, or,\\nless, by from 600 to 100 per cent., than the average in seventeen of the\\nstates.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "230\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 231\\nTHE DAKOTA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, YANKTON, YANKTON COUNTY.\\n(Cut on page 282.)\\nBoard of trustees F. A. Gale, Canton; W. T. Quigley, Parker; Robert\\nCox, Yankton, M. T. Wooley, Yankton; Dr. J. F. Cravens, superintend-\\nent; J. A. Potter, steward.\\nTotal cost of buildings, permanent improvements, etc $239,960 00\\nAppropriated for maintenance. 1887-88 106,500 00\\nThe Yankton asylum, a commodious brick building, is located on a high\\ncommanding piece of ground, about two miles north of the city, sur-\\nrounded by a farm of 640 acres, donated by the General Government.\\nThe institution is heated by steam, furnished with water pipes, and a com-\\nplete system of sewerage, and all the latest appliances for the comfort and\\nconvenient handling of the insane. The out-buildings consist of barns, ice\\nhouse, slaughter house, brick root-cehar, machinery store-house, coal\\nsheds, etc., etc. Thirty acres, directly south of, and in front of the hospi-\\ntal, have been laid out in landscape garden, with pretty curves\\nand serpentine drives, neatly graded and graveled. On either side\\nof these drives and walks, are double rows of forest trees, mostly elm;\\ngroups of evergreens are scattered through the grounds, making in all,\\nseveral thousand growing trees. On the east side of the farm, an orchard\\nhas been planted, of nearly four thousand fruit trees, including apple,\\ncherry, mulberry, etc., besides a large number of small fruits and shrubs\\nall of which are growing nicely.\\nThe garden and farm, operated by the asylum officers, provide nearly\\nall the vegetables, grain, and small fruits, necessary to supply the de-\\nmands of the institution.\\nThe improvements contemplated, consist of two additional fire proof\\nwings, three stories and basement, to accommodate seventy-five patients\\neach; another engiue-house, 37x44 feet; the enlargement of the laundry,\\nand the introduction of an electric light plant. It is also intended to en-\\nclose the entire farm of 610 acres with a substantial board fence.\\nThe number of patients in the hospital, Nov. 30, 1886, the date of the\\nsuperintendent s report, was 144.\\ndakota kefoem-school, plankinton, aurora county.\\n(Cut; on page 231.)\\nBoard of trustees Fred L. Stevens, Plankinton; F. M. Hammer, Mitch-\\nell; Wni! Kinsella, Kimball; John Albertson, Volga; M. E. Distad,\\nMitchell.\\nAppropriated for construction and furnishing of buildings $30,000\\nAppropriated for maintenance, 1887-8 12,000\\nThe appropriation for a reform-school for juvenile offenders, to be\\nlocated at Plankinton, was passed at the last session of the Legislature,\\nand the building is now under construction and will be ready for occu-\\npancy before the close of the year.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 233\\nSUMMARY OF THE AMOUNT INVESTED IN TERRITORIAL INSTITUTIONS.\\nThe]Territory, r therefore, has an actual cash investment in the buildings\\nand permanent improvements of her public institutions, as follows:\\nAgricultural college, Brookings 100,140 00\\nUniversity of north Dakota, Grand Forks 88,241 80\\nUniversity of Dakota, Vermillion 88,500 00\\nNormal school, Madison 35,800 00\\nNormal school, Spearfish 30,000 00\\nSchool of mines, Rapid City 35,820 00\\nSchool for deaf mutes, Sioux Falls 53,512 00\\nCapitol and^grounds, Bismarck 200,000 00\\nDakota penitentiary, Sioux Falls 101,475 00\\nBismarck penitentiary, Bismarck 95,281 20\\nNorth Dakota hospital for the insane, Jamestown 276,200 00\\nDakota hospital for the insane, Yankton 239,900 00\\nDakota reform school 30,000 00\\nMaking in all 1,374,930 00\\nIf we add to this sum the value of the lands donated to the Territory\\nby the towns where public buildings are located, Dakota s investment in\\npublic institutions^ about $2,000,000.\\nFive-sevenths of the area of the United States, leaving Alaska out of the\\nquestion, lies west of the Mississippi river which has a population oi\\n8,000,000, while the other two-sevenths has a population of 42,000,000.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n\u00c2\u00ab*C\\nREFORM-SCHOOL, PLANKINTON.\\ni", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 235\\nRELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.\\nThe fact is regretted that, owing to the comparatively short time allowed\\nfor the preparation of this work, it has been impossible to collate a com-\\nplete exhibit of the churches of the Territory, together with their mem-\\nbership, etc. However, enough has been learned, and is displayed in the\\nstatistical table of this article, to convince the reader that the inhabitants\\nof Dakota are emphatically a moral and religions people. Ordinarily, the\\nsettlers of a new country, no matter what may have been their teachings\\nand surroundings before going West, are beset by many temptations to\\nforget any anxious solicitude about their religious duties. The prairie\\nhome is to be established; the native sod must be subdued by hard and\\ncontinuous labor, and thus brought to furnish a support for wife and fam-\\nily. Towns grow up in a day, carrying with them a sudden expansion of\\nreal estate values, and a rapid increase of mercantile transactions. On\\nevery hand, are presented opportunities where brains, energy, and toil\\nwill bring to the possessor, returns of a thousand fold, and it would not\\nbe strange if, with such surroundings, the church should be relegated, for\\nthe while, to the back-ground.\\nBut Dakota is full of surprises to those unacquainted with the real facts\\nconcerning her rapid growth and development, and in no respect is this\\nstatement truer than as it relates to the religious and social standing of her\\npeople.\\nNowhere in the United States will be found a people who, as a class, are\\nmore deeply interested than Dakotaians in the moral and social welfare\\nof the communities in which they live. In their homes, and even in\\nthe primitive shacks and sod houses, the first dwelling-places of the\\nsettler, are to be found works of art, libraries of instructive books, instru-\\nments of music, and other evidences of taste and culture.\\nA correspondent of the Eastern press, writing from the Black Hills,\\nemphasizes his surprise, upon learning of the intelligence and book-lore\\ndisplayed by the miners of that region, by writing his paper that he had\\nbeen called on to umpire a dispute between two rough-looking prospectors\\non the relative merits of Bryant s Flood of Years and Thanatopsis.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "236 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nHe concludes by saying that many of the miners were subscribers to all\\nthe magazines published, and, that in a tin prospector s shack, he\\nnoticed the best collection of current literature to be seen anywhere out-\\nside of a newspaper office.\\nAnother correspondent, who had just returned from a trip through a\\nnewly developed agricultural region of northern Dakota, bears testimony\\nto the more than usual prevalence of intelligence and culture among the\\npeople of the new country, by writing that he discovered in many of the\\nunpretentious dwellings of the settlers, the choicest works of standard\\nliterature, including books in French, German, Latin, and Greek, and\\nthough his journeyings led him to the very verge of the settlements, he\\nwas astonished at the proofs, everywhere displayed, of the culture, refine-\\nment, and religious training of the people.\\nA prominent divine, speaking of his experience in church work in the\\nNorthwest, says:\\nSome of the most intelligent and devoted audiences that gather any-\\nwhere, are to be found in Dakota. That nervous, anxious solicitude one\\nfeels as he stands in an Eastern pulpit, does not depart from you as you\\nface the average congregation on these plains. Men who fail in the East\\nwill more than fail here.\\nEastern people whose ideas of Dakotaians, their customs and character-\\nistics, have been formed from reading the highly colored tales emanating\\nfrom the imaginative brain of some enterprising newspaper correspond-\\nent, are asked to make a personal investigation and have all such foolish\\nillusions dispelled.\\nThe settlement of the Territory is of comparative recent date, and it is\\ntrue that we are slightly removed, in the way of location, from the boun-\\ndaries of the New England states, but disappointment, complete and\\noverwhelming disappointment, awaits the man, hailing from there, who\\ncomes to Dakota full of expectations of finding her peopled with an ignor-\\nant, boorish class of frontiersmen, wild and reckless cow-boys, desperate\\ncut-throats and villains, with a generous sprinkling of murderous savages\\noccasionally thrown in, to leaven the fierce population sometimes as-\\ncribed to us in the sensational write-ups of the day. In this connec-\\ntion, it is quite interesting, and may prove instructive, to present the crimi-\\nal statistics of the Territory, placed by the side of those of the states, a\\nsummary which this office has been at some pains to tabulate.\\nIt is only necessary to call the attention of the public to the fact that,\\neven so early as 1880, Dakota had fewer criminals, as compared with her\\npopulation, than any state of the Union. The reader is left to\\ndraw such other conclusions and comparisons as the table will suggest.\\nThe Dakota penitentiaries contained, November 30, 1886, as shown by\\nthe annual reports of the wardens, 138 prisoners, or one criminal to more\\nthan 3,800 of the number of inhabitants at that time a showing which\\nchallenges comparison with any section of the Nation.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n237\\nTABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS CONFINED IN PENITEN MARIES, ETC.\\nand the ratio of prisoners to population, in the thirty-eight states, and Da-\\nkota\u00e2\u0080\u0094compiled from the census reports of 1880.\\nStates.\\nNevada\\nCalifornia\\nMassachusetts\\nTexas\\nColorado\\nNew York\\nNew Jersey\\nTennessee\\nMaryland\\nOregon\\nKansas\\nGeorgia\\nConnecticut\\nMichigan\\nMississippi\\nNorth Carolina I\\nRhode Island J\\nLouisiana\\nPennsylvania\\nAlabama\\nIllinois\\nVirginia j\\nFlorida I\\nArkansas\\nMissouri J\\nKentucky\\nNebraska\\nIndiana j\\nOhio j\\nNew Hampshire\\nVermont\\nSouth Carolina j\\nWest Virginia j\\nMaine j\\nDelaware\\nMinnesota j\\nIowa\\nWisconsin\\nDAKOTA\\nPop n.\\nPris.\\n199\\n62,266\\n864,694\\n2,655\\n1,783,085\\n3,659\\n1,591,749\\n8,153\\n194,327\\n380\\n5,082,871\\n8,808\\n1,131,116\\n1,599\\n1,542,359\\n2,129\\n984,948\\n1,262\\n174,768\\n233\\n996,096\\n1.297\\n1,542,180\\n1,837\\n622,700\\n782\\n1,636,937\\n1,928\\n1,131,597\\n1,329 j\\n1,899,750\\n1,619\\n276,531\\n820 j\\n989,946\\n1,077\\n4,282,891\\n4,886\\n1,262,505\\n1,898\\n3,077,871\\n3.386\\n1,512,565\\n1,554\\n269,493\\n275\\n802,525\\n767\\n2,168,380\\n2,055\\n1 ,648,690\\n1,428 i\\n452,402\\n377\\n1,978,301\\n1,635\\n3,198,062\\n2,508\\n346,991\\n273\\n332,286\\n261\\n995,577\\n642\\n618,457\\n394\\n648,936\\n408\\n146,608\\n82\\n780,773\\n428\\n1 ,024,615\\n811\\n1,315,497\\n598\\n135,177\\n60\\nRatio of\\nPris. to 1\\n_Pop n._J\\nH\u00c2\u00a33d\\n1 to 313\\n1 to 326\\n1 to 487\\nto 505\\nto 511\\nto 577\\nto 707\\nto 724\\nto 741\\nto 750-\\nto 767\\nto 840\\nto 851\\nto 851\\nto 851\\nto 863\\n1 to 864\\nto 873\\nto 877\\nto 903\\nto 923\\nto 973\\nto 980\\n1 to 1,046\\n1 to 1,055\\n1 to 1,159\\n1 to 1,200\\n1 to 1,210\\n1 to 1,245\\n1 to 1,271\\n1 to 1,273\\n1 to 1,550\\n1 to 1,570\\n1 to 1.590\\n1 to 1,788\\n1 to 1,824\\n1 to 2,003\\n1 to 2,200\\n1 to 2,253\\nEducation, and moral and religious culture go hand in hand; and as Da-\\nkota supports more schools, employs more teachers, and publishes a\\ngreater number of newspapers, compared with the number of her inhabit-\\nants, than many of the states of the Union, so does it naturally follow that\\nshe should lead in the way of religious intelligence.\\nThe statistical exhibit, on page 238, does not include figures showing the\\nchurches, ministers, and the membership of the lutheran, mennonites,\\nuniversalist, unitarian, and other denominations, which have a consider-\\nable following in the Territory.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "233\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nH\\nO\\nW\\nfi\\no\\n,_,\\n7\\nCO\\nK\\nw\\nbe\\n(J\\nPI\\np\\nu\\nw\\nX\\nu\\n.ji\\nw\\n.c\\nW\\nH\\n\u00c2\u00ab2\\nPh\\no\\nH\\ns k\u00c2\u00a3o if s-S -so fl a^^bS^^S\u00c2\u00ae -sS\\n*s 8 -w gS iff fi*.2 5 \u00c2\u00a3^\u00c2\u00ab_,s~\\n:M- .^2J8 3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2siiqoqos\\n[Ooqos-XBputis\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a05.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2diijsiaquiaK\\ns?\\no\\nR\\no\\ns\\ns\\no\\n8\\no\\n-.Ciiadoid\\no\\n00\\no\\no\\no\\no\\niO\\nqomqo }\\\\v\\n03\\nCX\\nt\\na\\no\\nid\\nCO\\nyj ju[\u00c2\u00aba l^iox\\nc^\\n1-1\\n1-1\\nITS\\n1-1\\nC\\ne.\\n3\\nM\\n3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2saSBUogj Bd\\nd \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Bxooqos-.Cijpiuig\\nfil\\n\u00c2\u00a33\\no\\nQ\\nsSuipnuq\\nqoanqb JO -Otf\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2SI9^\\nJ^ -sinnn jo -Oii\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ggS.i eqo jo Ojj\\n\u00c2\u00a7Q i\\n9381\\nS9.injipu9(ixa:\\ns\\nM 33 be =J SP-2 _-\u00c2\u00b0\\nJ-. C S- C V .i\\n_, -r^ it; i.^\\n-^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a23", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 239\\nf r So far as this office has been able to collect the facts, there are, in Dako-\\nta, something near 800 ministers, representing different denominations, and\\ncaring for more than 1,000 separate charges. These religious organiza-\\ntions own more than 600 church edifices not including parsonages,\\nschools, missions, etc; and the entire value of all church property in the\\nTerritory will certainly exceed $3,000,000.\\nFew, if any, of the Eastern states can present so strong an argument in\\nproof of the moral and religious standing of their inhabitants.\\nA study of the detailed exhibit of church statistics on the preceding\\npage is made more interesting by the addition of the following historical\\nfacts connected with the first establishment of religious work in the Ter-\\nritory\\nRev. S. W. Ingham, now pastor of the methodist church in Fargo, wag-\\nthe first resident clergyman of any denomination in Dakota. Mr. Ingham;\\nwas assigned by Bishop Baker, of the Iowa conference, to Vermillion,\\nClay county, where he arrived Oct 12, 1860, and, on the following Sabbath\\npreached his first sermon in the Territory, in a little log building about\\n18x24 feet in size.\\nRev. J. Bell, now so well known as an evangelist, was a member of Rev.\\nIngham s church at Vermillion, and aided in organizing the first Sunday-\\nschool.\\nRev. F. M. Wood, sy nodical missionary of the presbytery of north Da-\\nkota, is authority for the statement that:\\nIn 1871 there were no missionaries in north Dakota except, post\\nchaplains, and those preaching to Indians. At that date, viz.: December\\n1871, the Rev. O. H. Elmer entered upon work at Fargo, preaching in a\\ntent on the banks of the Red River. This was the beginning of denomina-\\ntional work, and, indeed, of all church work in this part of Dakota. The\\nRev. I. O. Sloan followed, at Bismarck, in the spring of 1873. It is said\\nthat no other denomination entered work till 1875. From this time the\\n(a.) Including value of college and academy buildings, and eleven churches\\namong the Indians.\\n(5.) One hundred and twenty-three churches and 100 missions without churches,\\nbut regularly visited by priests; total, 223.\\n(c.) Catholic population of the Territory, including children.\\n(d.) Including the support of five boarding-schools.\\n(e.) Adherents. Bishop Hare writes that missions have been established amongst\\nall the tribes of Sioux Indians, nnd have been very fruitful in results. Thirty-five con-\\ngregations have been gathered. More than 1,400 have been presented for confirmation.\\nNearly 1,200 are enrolled as communicants. Their contributions to religious objects\\namount annually to more than \u00c2\u00a72,000.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The item of expenditures represents the annual outlay for support of\\npastors and ordinary church and Sabbath-school expenses. The amount expended in\\nchurch improvement and extension, is not included.\\nThe Methddist university, at Mitchell, Congregational colleges, at Yankton and Red-\\nfield, Presbyterian college, at Jamestown, and the Baptist university, at Sioux Falls,\\nare not included in the estimate of the value of church property credited to the de-\\nnominations respectively named.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240 KESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nrush of population began, and denominations rivaled each other for posi-\\ntion, till it resulted in multiplying churches, many of which are the prom-\\ninent churches of today.\\nBishop Marty, of the catholic church, writes that he came to Dakota in\\n1880, as vicar apostolic, and found but eight priests in the whole Terri-\\ntory, where now are eighty priests, and a catholic population of more\\nthan 50,000.\\nThe following letter from Rev. D. P. Ward, Sioux Falls, missionary of\\nthe American Sunday-school union and secretary of the Dakota Sunday-\\nschool association, tells of the wonderful increase in the number of Sun-\\nday-schools in the Territory, during the short space often years:\\nTwenty-six years ago this summer, the first Sunday-school in Dakota\\nwas organized at Vermillion. For the last ten years, the growth of this de-\\npartment of christian work has been very gratifying. Our population has\\nincreased in this time about 600 per cent. The Sunday-schools have in-\\ncreased fully 1,200 per cent. The writer of this has traveled, for eight\\nyears, over the prairies of Dakota, from six to twenty thousand miles per\\nyear, and has found intelligent, educated people in every commun-\\nity. The interest people have taken in the Sunday-school and church is\\nremarkable. The home mission societies of the evangelical churches\\nhave done a great deal for Dakota. The American Sunday-school union\\nhas organized, through its missionaries, over 600 Sunday-schools in\\nDakota.\\nWe have today fully 1,000 Sunday-schools in Dakota, and 40,000 mem-\\nbers. Ten years ago we bad but sixty-five Sunday-schools and 2,500\\nmembers.\\nNo state or territory in the Union can show so good a record of ad-\\nvancement in Sunday-school work as Dakota.\\nThe Dakota Sunday-school association was organized thirteen years\\nago, and has^for its motto, Dakota for Christ. We believe in thorough\\norganization, and have already over forty counties organized, for the ob-\\nject of advancing the Sunday-school work in the count} With the pres-\\nent rate of progress, not many years hence, Dakota will stand near the\\nfront in christian work, and this will have been accomplished by the united\\neffort of christian people earnestly desiring to fulfill the Divine command\\nof Go Teach all Nations.\\nAccording to the statement of Mr. Ward, Dakota is credited with more\\nSunday-schools than California, nearly twice as many as Florida, Louis-\\niana, New Hampshire or Vermont, and more than the states of Delaware,\\nNevada, Oregon, and Rhode Island combined.\\nIt will be seen that Dakota, young as she is, offers to the home-seeker\\nreligious and social privileges equal to those enjoyed by many of the old-\\nest and most cultured centers of the East.\\nA pretty strong indication of the sober and industrious traits charact-\\nerizing the people who inhabit Dakota, is to be had from the fact that at", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 241\\nthe special election of 1885, the question of prohibiting liquor traffic in\\nthe new State of South Dakota, (upon which a separate vote was had,) was\\ndecided in the affirmative by a majority of the 31,791 ballots cast.\\nBy a law, approved March 11, 1887, it was provided that if a petition\\nsigned b} at least one-third of the legal voters of any county, as shown by\\nthe preceding general election, shall be presented to the county commis-\\nsioners, at least sixty days before the next November election, praying\\nthat the question of prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors be sub-\\nmitted to a vote of such county, it shall be the duty of the board of county\\ncommissioners to call such election, etc. And should a majority of the\\nballots cast be against the sale of intoxicating liquors it shall be unlawful\\nfor the board of county commissioners of such county to issue or grant a\\nlicense for that purpose, etc.\\nThis measure had scarcely received the breath of vitality, when steps\\nwere undertaken in each county, almost without exception, by the ardent\\nworkers in the temperance cause, (and in this class, in Dakota, must be\\nplaced first and above all others, the mothers, wives, and daughters,) to\\ntest the sentiment of the people.\\nOf the eighty-six organized counties in Dakota, sixty-five furnished the\\nrequisite number of signers to the petitions calling for a decision by ballot\\nthe result of which (so far as announced), has been that eight, only, of\\nthe counties, where the question was voted upon, have decided to continue\\nthe sale of liquor.\\nBy an act of Congress, approved May 20, 1886, the nature of alcoholic\\ndrinks and narcotics, and special instruction as to their effects upon the\\nhuman system, is included in the branches of study taught in every public\\nschool of the Territory. The law provides that a school director, com-\\nmittee, superintendent, or teacher who refuses or neglects to comply\\nwith this requirement, shall be removed from office.\\nNo certificates can be granted to teach in the public schools of Dakota,\\n(after January 1, 1888,) unless the applicant has passed a satisfactory ex-\\namination with reference to the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and\\nother narcotics upon the human system.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTHE RAILROADS.\\nThe settlers of Kansas, Nebraska, and Minnesota,. in the early clays, had\\na pretty hard time of it, if yon take the situation in Dakota for compari-\\nson. Going West in the 50s meant a great deal more then, than it does now.\\nThen it signified the abandonment of society, tlie loss of the refining in-\\nfluence of churches, schools, neighbors, and friends. It meant a weary\\njourney of days or weeks by wagon, into a country where the fear of an\\nIndian outbreak was a constant menace. A year was occupied in the la-\\nborious effort of building the cabin of hewn logs, and in clearing and\\nbreaking the few acres set apart for the farm for, in those days, toois\\nand farming implements were crude affairs, and everything had to be\\ndone by hand. A journey for supplies, or to market the few bushels of\\nfarm product, necessitated a long absence from home and family, and was\\nthe event of the year.\\nVillages, with their following of churches, schools, and society, came\\nonly with the advent of the first railroad, ton, or perhaps, twice that\\nnumber of years afterward. Twenty years ago, the railroads followed the\\npath of civilization and settlement and did not lead it, as they do now.\\nThen, they awaited the results of the hardy pioneer s efforts, and only\\nsought an extension of their lines where a heavy traffic and a successful\\nbusiness was already assured.\\nBut the record of railroad building and settlement in Dakota has wit-\\nnessed an entire departure from the history of other days. The shrewd\\ncapitalists at the head of the great railway corporations of the Northwest,\\nsaw that here, in this Territory, containing the last of the public domain,\\nwith a soil growing the finest natural grasses in the world, and possessed\\nof every essential condition for successful farming, was to be built up the\\nmost populous and prosperous agricultural community of the Union.\\nThe few settlements in the southeastern counties, and along the Red\\nRiver of the North, made between the years of 1860 and 1870, and the re-\\nsults of farming in the surrounding states of Minnesota, Iowa, and Ne-\\nbraska, had practically demonstrated the fertility of Dakota s soil.\\nThe track of the first railroad in the Territory, was laid on January 1,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 243\\n1872, and from that date to the present time, there have been built more\\nthan 4,000 miles of completed roads an average of 300 miles each\\nseason, for fifteen years. Until the last two or three years the railroad\\nconstruction of the Territory was in advance of settlement, or immigra-\\ntion, and the same is true of some lines being built today. The writer re-\\nmembers traveling through the Territory, in the fall of 1880, over a road\\nthen newly built, and he can never forget the feeling of loneliness, caused\\nby the sight of such an expanse of vacant prairie, reaching away to the\\nvery horizon on every side. The entire day was spent in riding\\nover a country barren of the least sign of civilization. Not a house,\\nnot even the settler s shack was to be seen anywhere, nothing but\\nan ocean of virgin soil bearing an occasional convoy of frightened ante-\\nlope. Counties were unorganized, and even the Government surveys\\nhad not then been made. Today, the same counties are filled with splen-\\ndid farms, and the homes of well-to-do people. Villages are so close to-\\ngether that one is scarcely ever away from the sight of a town. Some of\\nthe larger towns have grown to cities of several thousand population,\\nwith electric lights, artesiari wells, water- works, street railways, manufac-\\ntories, and magnificent business blocks. The comparisons given below\\nWill emphasize the remarkable growth accomplished in so short a period:\\nBeadle county, in 1880, had 37 acres in farms; in 1885, 135,834.\\nBrown county, in 1880, had 468 acres in farms; in 1885, 248,346. Kings-\\nbury county, in 1880, had 197 acres in farms; in 1885, 130,068. Nelson re-\\nturned no acreage in farms in 1880, neither did Walsh nor Steele, but in\\n1885 Nelson had 70,532 acres under cultivation, Walsh 212,000, and Steele\\n76,469.\\nDakota s population in 1860, taken from the United States census re-\\nturns, was 2,576; in 1870, 13,000; in 1880, 133,548; and in 1885, 415,610. To-\\nday careful estimates show T the Territory to possess a population of\\n600,000.\\nDakota s remarkable increase in population, from 1870 to the present\\ntime, has never been equaled in the history of the development of any\\nstate or territory and is the marvel of the world. It is plainly to be as-\\ncribed to the fact of the railways pushing ahead of the tide of immigration\\nand making every section of the grand Territory easily accessible. Going\\nWest today, is not the great undertaking, the tedious journey of twenty-\\nfive years ago. Comfortably seated in a Pullman, and taking one s meals\\nin a dining-car, is somewhat different from the experience of the\\npioneers of earlier days.\\nToday, you can board a through train, in any city of the East, and tomor-\\nrow you are landed on the prairies of Dakota, within sight of your future\\nhome. Your car-load of household goods, machinery, and stock is on the\\nside track, awaiting your arrival. Material for the house is furnished at\\nthe nearest village and it takes but a day or two, ere your family is in-\\nstalled on the homestead. With improved machinery, and no trees or", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nstones to be cleared from the land, yen are enabled to break forty, sixty,\\nor a hundred acres, and plant to crop the first season. Churches, schools,\\nand neighbors, surround you on all sides and you soon learn that Dakota\\nis quite as civilized and as desirable a place to live in as the home you\\nleft behind in the states.\\nTruly, times have changed, and, notwithstanding the accusations against\\ngrasping corporations, and soulless monopolies, Dakota owes much\\nof her present magnitude and prosperity to the builders of her railroads.\\nIn 1871, the Northern Pacific railroad was extended west as far as the\\nRed River of the North, the track reaching to the eastern bank of that\\nriver, on the Minnesota side, on December 31, 1871.\\nThe dav following, January 1, 1872, the rails were laid on Dakota soil,\\nin the gate city of Fargo.\\nThis was the first railroad built in the Territory, although only several\\nmonths ahead of the second.\\nThe Dakota Southern road, now a part of the Chicago, Milwaukee St.\\nPaul railway, was projected in 1871, and built into southeastern Dakota\\nfrom Sioux City, during the same year, 1872, that the transcontinental\\nline, several hundred miles to the north, was laid across a vast uninhabi-\\nted plain, on its way to the Pacific ocean.\\nThe line above and the one below was each pushed forward, during\\n1872, and in the spring of 1873, Yankton, then the capital of the Territory,\\nand Bismarck, at the time hardly an aspirant for similar honors, were both\\nconnected by rail with the rest of the world.\\nThe railroad growth for the next eight years kept in advance of the set-\\ntlement, but the development of Dakota, and the masterly activity of her\\nrailroads, are dated more particularly from 1880, when the Territory had\\na population of 135,177, and a railroad mileage of 698 miles.\\nThe boom years, as they were called, of that period, in the Red\\nRiver valley, and beyond, and subsequently in central Dakota, were\\nmarked by extraordinary enterprise on the part of the railway companies.\\nThe Territory of Dakota was thereupon advanced to a prominent place\\nin the list of states, as given in the railroad mileage and building statistics\\nof the country.\\nThe year 1885 was a dull season, generally, in new railroad construction.\\nThe railroads in Dakota were waiting for the settler and the Territory to\\ncatch up with the progress already made, and the lines of settlement\\nreaching out in advance.\\nDuring this year, however, the Black Hills began to feel the exhilara-\\ntion consequent upon the assured approach of a railroad, and before the\\nend of the year the people of that region were able to take the cars at\\nBuffalo Gap, where the Fremont, Elkhorn Missouri Valley railroad\\nstopped for the winter. The mileage in Dakota of the new Black Hills\\nline, added in 1885, amounted to thirty-seven miles.\\nHon. Lauren Durilap, in January Bulletin, Department Immigration, Dakota.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 245\\nDuring the same year the Chicago Northwestern railway built into\\nYankton from Centerville, a distance of twenty-nine miles, and lines of\\nthe Northern Pacific railroad were,, respectively, built from Jamestown\\nto LaMoure, forty-nine miles, and extended from New Rockford to Min-\\nnewaukan, a distance of thirty miles.\\nThe total mileage constructed in 1885 in Dakota was 145 miles.\\nThe year 1886 was one of great activity, and a number of very important\\nenterprises were inaugurated, which added a large mileage. The Chicago,\\nMilwaukee and St. Paul railway, in that year, completed 250 miles of new\\ntrack, and the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba, added 230 miles to its\\nmileage in the Territory. The total number of miles of track laid during\\n1886 was 679.\\nThe season of 1887 has added 716 miles of completed track to the rail-\\nway systems of Dakota, as fully particularized on pages 11-14 of the intro-\\nductory to this publication, making ihe total mileage in the Territory\\nto-day 4,207, or more than had, (January 1, 1887,) any one of twenty-five\\nstates of the Union, and the equivalent, almost, of the combined mileage\\nof all the other territories.\\nAt this writing, eight of the strongest railway corporations of the North-\\nwest, viz.: The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; the St. Paul, Minne-\\napolis and Manitoba; the Chicago and Northwestern, (controlling also the\\nFremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley, and the Chicago, St. Paul, Minne-\\napolis and Omaha;) the Northern Pacific; the Burlington, Cedar Rapids\\nand Northern and the Minneapolis and St. Louis both under the man-\\nagement of the Rock Island system the Illinois Central, and the\\nMinneapolis and Pacific have a foothold in the Territory, with the cer-\\ntainty of the addition, each year, of the future, as in the past, of some new\\ngiant competitor for the division of Dakota s growing and profitable\\ntraffic.\\nThe advent of a new season of railway construction invariably brings\\nwith it a struggle among the great and wealthy corporations for the pos-\\nsession of valuable territory a rivalry which must continue, at least, until\\nDakota, with three times the area of the state of Illinois, (for example,)\\nshall possess a corresponding ratio of railroad accommodation to the ex-\\ntent of her boundary, or, in other words, Illinois, with an area of 56,000\\nsquare miles and railroads 10,000 miles in length, is a demonstration that\\nDakota, with an area of 151,000 square miles, may confidently expect the\\nextension of her railway systems, of the future, to exceed the astounding\\nsum of 30,000 miles.\\nThe following comparative table of the railway mileage of the United\\nStates, January 1, 1887, is compiled from the statistical abstract issued by\\nthe national treasury:", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "246 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA S RAILROAD MILEAGE, IN 1887, COMPARED WITH STATES AND OTHER TERRITORIES.\\nRank. States.\\n47 RHODE ISLAND,\\nI\\n210\\n4G DELAWARE,\\nI\\n316\\n4 5 INDIAN TEE,\\n44 WYOMING TER.,\\n43 IDAHO,\\n42 WASHINGTON TER\\nMARYLAND DIST. OF COL.\\n36\\n35~\\n34~\\n33\\n3jT\\n\u00c2\u00a7T\\n3jT\\n29_\\n28\\n27_\\n26~\\n25_\\n24_\\n23_\\n22_\\n21_\\n20.\\n19_\\n18_\\nVt_\\n16^\\n15\\n14\\n13\\nIt\\n11\\n1\u00c2\u00a3\\n9\\nMONTANA,\\nUTAH,\\nMAINE,\\nWEST VIRGINIA,\\nOREGON,\\nNEW MEXICO.\\nLOUISIANA,\\n363\\n735\\n812\\n945\\n41 VERMONT,\\nfiH\\n947\\n40 NEVADA,\\nBH\\n954\\n39 CONNECTICUT,\\n38 ARIZONA,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094si\\n976\\n1,005\\n37 NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\npp\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i\\n1,050\\n1,065\\n1,139\\n1,152\\n1,156\\n1,230\\n1,23?,\\n1,265\\n1,380\\nSOUTH CAROLINA,\\nFLORIDA,\\nNEW JERSEY,\\nMASSACHUSETTS,\\nKENTUCKY,\\nMISSISSIPPI.\\n1,819\\n1,924\\n1,963\\n2,017\\n2,070\\n2,094\\nARKANSAS,\\nTENNESSEE,\\nNORTH CAROLINA,\\nALABAMA,\\nVIRGINIA,\\nCOLORADO,\\n2,168\\n2,183\\n2,195\\n2,289\\n2,734\\n2,956\\nCALIFORNIA,\\ni,312\\nGEORGIA\\n3,358\\n9,274", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 247\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nA glance at the comparative table, on the following page, will tell the\\nreader that a greater number of newspapers are published in Dakota than\\nin any one of twenty-four states of the Union, the list including Minne-\\nsota, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia, New Jersey, and North\\nCarolina.\\nThe number of newspapers, printed in the Territory, is double that pub-\\nlished in either Alabama, Mississippi, Maryland, Arkansas, Maine,\\nConnecticut, West Virginia, New Hampshire, Florida, Colorado, or Louisi-\\nana; three times as many as in either South Carolina or Oregon live times\\nthe number given to Vermont or Rhode Island, and ten times that of\\nDelaware or Nevada.\\nOf the 352 newspapers published in Dakota, at the time of this writing,\\ntwenty-five are dailies, 314 weeklies, and the remainder thirteen,\\nare published quarterly, monthly and semi-monthly. Three hundred\\nand forty-five are printed in English, three in Scandinavian, one\\nin Dutch, and three in German. Three hundred and thirty-rive are news-\\npapers of general information, five agricultural, thrt-e religious, one med-\\nical, and eight educational.\\nThere is iot a word of unmerited praise in the following extract from\\nan editorial on the press of Dakota, published in an influential journal of\\na leading city of a neighboring state:\\nOf all the marvels of the great Territory of the Northwest, there is\\nhardly one more remarkable than the press of Dakota. The newspaper\\npress of Dakota is perhaps the most signal index to the intelligence,\\nenergy, and progressiveness of the people of the Territory. It is useless\\nto go into the statistics of the subject. If the informed world had not\\nceased to be surprised at any demonstration of progress in Dakota, com-\\nparisons could be made in both the number of papers, the extent of their\\nissues and the percentage of distribution with reference to population,\\nwhich would be surprising in the last degree. But such figures and com-\\nparisons suggestive as they are and showing that the newspaper press of\\nDakota is superior to that of more than one- third of the states of the\\nUnion, would fail far below the real truth. Only one, who, day by day,\\nmonth by month, and year by year, reads and studies the many-paged\\nbook of the Territorial press, and sees in all their stages the processes of\\nits growth, is really prepared to appreciate this marvel of marvels.\\nThe railroads and newspapers have been the greatest aids in the rapid\\ndevelopment of Dakota s resources.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA S NEWSPAPERS, 1887, COMPARED WITH STATES AND OTHER TERRITORIES.\\nRank.\\nStates.\\nNewspapers.\\n48\\nw_\\n46]\\n44]\\n43\\n42]\\n4T\\n40_\\n39\\nINDIAN TER.,\\nWYOMING TER.\\nUTAH,\\nNEVADA,\\nDELAWARE,\\nARIZONA,\\nNEW MEXICO,\\n26\\n20\\n28\\n34\\nMONTANA,\\n41\\nDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,\\nRHODE ISLAND,\\n_51\\n52\\n70\\n37\\n36]\\n35\\n34~\\n33\\n33\\n31\\n30\\n29\\n38_\\n27]\\n26]\\n35~\\n24^\\n23\\n22~\\n21\\n20 7\\n19\\nis\\nW\\n16\\n15\\n14\\n13\\n1 1\\nU\\n10\\nWASHINGTON TER.\\nVERMONT,\\nOREGON,\\nSOUTH CAROLINA,\\n95\\nFLORIDA,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE,\\nLOUISIANA,\\n103\\n112\\n120\\nMISSISSIPPI,\\n_129\\nT32\\nWEST VIRGINIA,\\nMAINE,\\n141\\nALABAMA,\\n146\\nCOLORADO,\\n152\\nARKANSAS,\\n156\\nNORTH CAROLINA,\\n162\\n165\\nCONNECTICUT,\\nMARYLAND,\\n171\\nTENNESSEE,\\n208\\nVIRGINIA,\\nKENTUCKY,\\nGEORGIA,\\n231\\nNEW JERSEY,\\n266\\n325\\n^52\\nMINNESOTA,\\nDAKOTA,\\nTEXAS,\\n375\\n376\\nTl4\\n422\\nNEBRASKA,\\nCALIFORNIA,\\nWISCONSIN,\\nINDIANA,\\n564\\nMASSAC II US ETTS,\\n581\\n~59~2", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 249\\nFARMERS ALLIANCE.\\nPresident, H. L. Loucks, Clear Lake; vice presidents, J. W. Hardin,\\nPiankinton; F. B. Fancher, Jamestown; secretary, C. A. Soderberg,\\nHartford; treasurer, Z. D. Scott, Milbank; lecturer, A. D. Chase, Water-\\ntown\\nThis organization, of the farmers of Dakota, has been in existence for\\nthree years, and originated from the desire of the farmers to avail them-\\nselves of the benefits of co-operation in the purchase of farm supplies,\\nand the sale of grain. It has grown steadily from its first organization,\\nand, at present, numbers over 15,000 practical and operative farmers. Dur-\\ning the present year, (1887,) the growth of this organization has been\\nphenomenal. This is due largely to the formation of two departments or-\\nganized within the alliance, viz.: The alliance hail association and the\\npurchasing department. The former was incorporated under the laws of\\nthe Territory, in February, 1887, with the following representative far-\\nmers as officers: Alonzo Wardall, president; H. TV. Smith, vice presi-\\ndent; S. D. Cooley, Eecretary; Z. D. Scott, treasurer; home office, Mil-\\nbank, Grant county.\\nDuring the season just past, over 2,000 members had about 160,000 acres\\nof crops, protected through the organization. This department insures\\nits members against loss from hail or cyclone, at the actual cost. The pur-\\nchasing department has been under the charge of J. B. Wolgemuth, of\\nPiankinton, and has saved to the farmers a vast sum of money. Its aim\\nis to furnish form machinery, twine, coal, etc., at wholesale rates, and as\\nthey were brought into active competition with local dealers, prices of\\nthese articles were greatly reduced, and was available to every farmer,\\nwhether a member or not. It is estimated, that in 1886, one-quarter of a\\nmillion dollars was thus saved to the farmer in the matter of twine alone;\\nwhile this year, 1887, it will overreach the immense sum of one and one-\\nquarter millions of dollars. Where fully organized, these alliances saved\\nin the shipment of wheat, from three to eight cents per bushel, and on\\ncoal, from $1.50 to $2.00 per ton. This department is yet in its infancy,\\nand will exert an immense influence in the interests of the farmer. July\\n20, this year, it was decided to incorporate this department with a cap-\\nital of $200,000. Officers were elected, and the machinery of the company\\nput in operation.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250\\nRESOIJKCES OF DAKOTA.\\n2\\n00 t-T^ r-T\\nto CS M\\na\\n.BO S r-\\ni5 9\\nOC t~^^ l\\nc\\\\ o\\\\\\nI^SEeVS 1\\n(I\\no\\nS\\nGv\\n.B\\no x\\n3 00 P.\\no, -r s-\\ntor lOh\\noa*^ Sea s\\nr-l 03 3\\nSi III\\nX\\nSob, -,^2oa s^jj\\np.00 B.- u P.00 ^Eq^j\\nk\u00e2\u0080\u009eaH cs co ^.i-h a) \u00c2\u00ab*i\\n*l5ai 5: \u00c2\u00ab5 S^S3 s g.32\\nia t. M p^ cC ko CC ,_* O\\n5J C3 03 CC s_ oj\\n-_j ^2 Ji _r\\n1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 CO 33\\nSa ,r 18*g^35f\\nb.\u00c2\u00b0 -e g x 5c\\nm c H c oc\\n\u00c2\u00b0Bt2? o SSI\u00c2\u00a9 r\\n^03^,,-t-bc 53\\npi\\nT-H\\nr-l\\nO\\n43\\nft\\no xi l~- i -J ,-.Q t -i-awto B\\nM .ch r a C, co\\nfa\\nH \u00c2\u00a3^2\\nt-i tr\\nW\\nc- 1\\n1-\\n1 ^J\\nP ai\\n00\\nO iO (M\\nvO CO lO\\nCO lO T^_ CO\\nO J (M\\nN\\n1 00\\nSi?\\nco\\nlO CO l^\\n-a\\nCO M\\n-tf rH\\nCO\\nCO\\n00 10\\nO 00 O\\nO CS QO\\n1\\nlO\\nlO\\nCD O CO i-H\\nc:\\nO\\nCO\\ntt O t^ O\\ngg\\nCO\\nof 06 \u00c2\u00abo\\nCD CO to\\no e\\nC\\nI\\nCO r-l t-\\n:o\\nf- p\\nci\\nM a -rr\\n10\\n00\\n3*3\\nof\\nCM\\nto\\nCN\\n1\\n.B\\n-O K :-o\\nB\\nrt\\nK\\no\\nh3\\nB\\n63 :.x c\\nO\\nc\\ns\\nCO 3\\ny x 33\\nS\\n03\\n-B *2 c\\ns\u00c2\u00bb?\\nil^l\\n1\\n1 g\\ni\\n5\\nB\\nCO\\nI\\nC3 B \u00c2\u00abrH\\nco i^o 3\\n2\\nb\\no\\no\\no\\n03\\non\\n3\\np\\nC3 CO oj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a B\\nb 2 S\\nB oj\\nB ,q kh\\n6\\nC3 B c\\nb o-dc be.i\\n.SwB^Oa\\nP o\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^lo\u00c2\u00a3\\nS\\n1 I\\ni\\nH\\nj\\nxA C O\\nS |-Sgo|^|o\\nC\\nO\\nBCO\\n\u00c2\u00a30\\nS cT 5\\nX\\n03\\n03\\nO B\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a00 S B S\\nb C .2\\nc\\nSfflliill\\nc\\nr\\nP\\nO J co H\\nd,ca P^2 PQ O\\ny\\nT3\\no\\n-c O\\n1\\nli\\nb\\nG3 B nj a; 4\\nT3\\nci^.\\nM*\\n03 o\\n^g\\nf-i -T- 03 Cq\\ntSS r^ r (JO S\\n1\\nw\\nG3 32\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03 5\\ngw\\n0)\\nbo\\nfS\\n\u00c2\u00a3o\\nlJ y+ a h u\\nr i +j a ^0\\n5 8 \u00c2\u00a3hJ\\nE\\n3\\n3 i\\ni i\\n5\\nP fe co O\\ncoocj Pm t5 coe\\nfc\\no\\nt\\n5 G\\nd\\nfcJD\\n4) 52\\n9\\n03\\na\\np\\n5\\na\\nc\\nP\\nC\\ni s\\n1 1\\n1\\nc\\n3 c\\n-5\\nc\\nc\\ni\\np\\nX H r\\nB B B\\nc\\nH CO CO CO c\\nB\\nJ\\n2 b\\n2 coE-t\\nc\\n5 5\\n-1", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nINDIAN RESERVATIONS.\\nThe boundaries of these reservations, (see table on opposite page,) are\\noutlined on the maps issued by this office, and their location in the Ter-\\nritory can be easily determined by a reference thereto.\\nThe different reservations have an Indian population as follows:\\nCh ey en ne River agen cy\\nCrow Creek and Lower Brule.\\nDevils Lake\\nFort Berthold\\nPine Ridge agency\\nRosebud\\nSisseton\\nStanding Rock\\nYankton\\nPonca\\nMale.\\nFemale.\\nTotal.\\n1,337\\n1,628\\n2.965\\n1,121\\n1,153\\n2,274\\n1,088\\n1,004\\n2 182\\n610\\n712\\n1,322\\n2.376\\n2,497\\n4,873\\n8,725\\n4,566\\n8,291\\n708\\n788\\n1,496\\n2,190\\n2.500\\n4.690\\n786\\n990\\n1,776\\n103\\n104\\n207\\nTotal.\\n16,032\\nJ0,076\\nThese Indians are confined to the reservations, as designated in the ac-\\ncompanying schedule; are cared for by agents appointed by the Govern-\\nment, and one seldom sees them unless induced through curiosity to visit\\nan agency for that especial purpose. Those who have been led, by the\\nsensational articles occasionally appearing in the press, to believe that\\nthe residents of Dakota live in continual fear of an Indian outbreak, are\\nassured that our Indian imputation gives us far less trouble, or annoyance\\nthan is caused, in almost every locality of the East, by the mischievous\\ntramps, always to be found there. So far as displaying characteristics of\\nenergy and thrift, or inclinations to create trouble, or to do mischief are\\nconcerned, the tramp of the East and the Indians of Dakota make an ex-\\ncellent comparison.\\nThere has not been a single outrage or act of depredation committed by\\nIndians as a tribe upon the settlers, since the actual settlement and real\\ndevelopment of the Territory began.\\nOne is safer in traveling, unarmed, over any part of Dakota, even through", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "252 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthe very midst of an Indian reservation, than in going about in certain\\nwards of some of the larger cities of the Nation.\\nDakota leads all the states and territories (excepting, of course, the In-\\ndian Territory,) in the extent of her Indian population, and the area of\\nher Indian reservation although she is not so proud of this distinction as\\nshe is of her prestige in other directions.\\nIt will be observed that 26,847,105 acres, or nearly one-fifth of Dakota,\\nan area greater than that of either Tennessee, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky,\\nIndiana, South Carolina, Maine, or West Virginia, more than four times\\nthat of Maryland, Vermont, or New Hampshire, over five times larger\\nthan Massachusetts, or New Jersey, eight times the size of Connecticut,\\ntwenty-one times that of Delaware, or thirty times greater than the area\\nof Rhode Island, is set apart for the use of 30,076 Indians. If the existing\\nreservations were divided equally among the Indians of Dakota, there\\nwould be 892 acres to every man, woman, and child.\\nThe following interesting statements, regarding the Indian population\\nof the Territory, are gathered from the report of the United States com-\\nmissioner of Indian affairs for the year 1886.\\nTwenty-three thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine of the Indians in\\nDakota, wear citizens dress, either wholly or in part; leaving 6,087 as the\\nnumbe: who cling to barbaric styles.\\nThe number of male Indians who undertake manual labor in ciyilized\\npursuits, is 9,261; of families engaged in agriculture, 5,455; and in other civ-\\nilized pursuits, 1,166. The number of Indians who can read, is reported\\nat 4,960. Four hundred and ninety-five allotments of land have been\\nmade to Indians. Four thousand, four hundred and seventy- six Indian\\nfamilies occupy log-cabins or other rude dwellings, most of which were\\nbuilt by Government aid. The number of births during the year, was\\n978 and the number of deaths 816 being an excess of births over deaths\\nof 162, and showing that the race is gradually increasing in population, in-\\nstead of decreasing as is the popular opinion. Indeed, it is estimated\\nthat there are more Indians in the United States to-day, by a very consid-\\nerable number, than were nere a hundred years ago. The first relia-\\nble count of the number ol Indians in the country, was had in 1873\u00e2\u0080\u0094 when\\nthe population wa^ found to be, about 240,000, while the census of last year\\nshows an Indian population of 247,761. To support these 247,761 Indians,\\nthe Government expended in 1886, $6,099,158, or 124.62 per capita.\\nThere are 26,590 acres under cultivation by Indians of Dakota, who\\nraised a \u00c2\u00ab?op in 1886, of 89,628 bushels of wheat, and 89,785 bushels of corn.\\nThe stock owned consists of 20,196 horses and mules, 18,547 head of cattle\\nand 2,083 swine.\\nAlthough the reports given out by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs,\\nrelative to the condition of the Indians in the Territory, are quite flatter-\\ning, and might lead the uninitiated to believe that the tribes are rapidly\\nadopting the manners and customs of the white man, yet, the high color-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "KESOUKCES OF DAKOTA 258\\ning of his pictures of progress, is too apparent to those who are in posi-\\ntion to know the facts. To see the Indian in all his native filth, decked\\nout in paint and Teachers, armed with his inseparable gun and other relics\\nof savagery, followed by his squaw who, as the beast of burden, carries on\\nher back not only the papoose, but also such articles de voyage, as her\\nlazy lord and master may deem necessary, does not impress one very\\nfavorably, with the idea of his early civilization. Visit one of the Indian\\nagencies on a ration day, (on which occasion a number of cattle\\nis killed, for the beef that is to be issued,) and see the squabble between\\nthe dogs and the native red man for the possession of the entrails and\\noffal of the slain cattle, and the impression that the Indian is yet allied\\nclosely with his barbarian habits, becomes a conviction.\\nThe Government may erect houses for him, but he prefers to live in his\\ntepee, or canvas tent; practical white-farmers are employed to break and\\ntill his land while he follows the life of a nomad. The Indian has but\\nlittle taste for agricultural pursuits other than the raising of stock. Most\\nof his time is spent in traveling to and from the agency where he draws\\nhis rations, clothing, and annuities, or else in the hunt or chase, living\\nthe while in the open air, surrounded by a lot of mangy curs, a scrawny\\ncay use, and a number of dirty, naked children.\\nA committee of United States senators recently visited a tribe of West-\\nern Indians, which had been subjected to special civilizing influences\\nfor more than twenty years, and found two or three hundred bucks and\\nsquaws, with a thousand snapping dogs, engaged in celebrating an old lite,\\nby an Indian dance. They report that the scene, which included poly-\\ngamous wives, babies bound upon slabs, and naked youths of both sexes,\\nwas a painful revelation, and that it was especially sad to learn that two\\nof the sprightliestof the dancers, almost covered with little looking-glasses,\\nsleigh-bells, rings, feathers, and ribbons, were graduates of the Carlisle\\nIndian school, who had lapsed into their original state of degradation.\\nThe present Indian policy of the Government, is a total failure, so far as\\nit has resulted in any real benefit either to the red man or his support-\\ners\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the tax payers of the country. And how can it be expected other-\\nwise? So long as our Government will maintain the Indian in idleness,\\nby furnishing him with food and clothing, and a vast play -ground on\\nwhich to perpetuate his nomadic traits so long must we look for him to\\nremain, the idle, worthless vagabond he is to-day. White people, black\\npeople, or people of any race or color, would do no better under similar\\nconditions. The history of the civilization of all the progressive races of\\nthe world, dates from the time of the establishment of individual homes\\nby fixed and determined bounds, and the maintenance of those homes by\\nthe sweat of the brow. There is room for a better and wiser Indian pol-\\nicy than the Government has yet adopted or employed.\\nALLOTMENTS IN SEVERALTY.\\nThis was a step, decidedly in the right direction, taken by the last Con-", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ngress, providing the intent and meaning of the law can be enforced among\\nthe Indians. Following is a brief synopsis of its provisions:\\nAn act approved so late as February 4, 1887. authorizes the President of\\nthe United States, whenever in his opinion, any reservation (excepting\\nthe reservations belonging to the five civilized tribes in the Indian Terri-\\ntory and the reservations of Senecas, of New York), or any part thereof,\\nis advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause the reser-\\nvation, or any part thereof, to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary,\\nand to allot lands in severalty to any Indian located thereon, in quantities\\nas follows:\\nTo each head of a family, one-quarter of a section. To each single per-\\nson over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section. To each orphan\\nchild under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section. To each other\\nsingle-person under eighteen years of age, one-sixteenth of a section.\\nIf any one entitled to an allotment shall fail to make a selection within\\nfour years after the President shall direct that allotments may be made in\\na particular reservation, the Secretary of the Interior may cause a selec-\\ntion to be made for such Indian.\\nPatents covering these allotments are issued to the Indians with a pro-\\nviso forbidding the alienation of the lands for a period of twenty-five\\nyears or for a longer period, if the President deems best. After lands\\nhave been allotted to all the Indians of any tribe, or sooner, if in the\\nopinion of the President it shall be for their best interests, the Secretary\\nof the Interior is authorized to negotiate, in conformity with the treaty\\nunder which the reservation is held, for the purchase, by the United\\nStates, of any portion of the reservation not allotted. When such a pur-\\nchase of the residue of an Indian reservation has been ratified by Con-\\ngress, the lands are to be held subject to entry by actual settlers only,\\nunder the provisions of the homestead law.\\nThe sums paid by the United States as purchase money are to be held\\nin trust, by the Government, for the sole use of the tribe to whom such\\nreservation belonged and, the principal and interest at three per cent.\\nper annum, is at alltimes subject to appropriation, by Congress, for the\\neducation and civilization of the tribe.\\nUpon the completion of the allotments, each member of the respective\\ntribes of Indians to whom allotments have been made, is to have the\\nbenefit of, and be subject to, the laws, both civil and criminal, of the state\\nor territory in which ^he may reside. AndV a every Indian to whom allot-\\nments have been made is declared to be a citizen of the United States,\\nand entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of such.\\n^This law is now being put to a practical .test, where the circumstances\\nand conditions of the Indian tribes will permit of its enforcement, and the\\nresults will be watched with deep interest by the people of this Territory\\nwho have almost as great an interest at stake as the Indians themselves.\\nIt is hoped the law will accomplish several desirable purposes. By break-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES O* DAKOTA. 255\\ning up the tribal relations of the Indians, it will put an end to the anomal-\\nous condition of affairs which has compelled the Government to enter into\\na treaty with its own subjects, as with a foreign nation.\\nNo matter how wise, humane, and beneficial the plan for the ameliora-\\ntion of the condition of the Indian, heretofore devised by the Govern-\\nment, before it could be carried out, it must first receive the ratification\\nof two-thirds or three-fourths (according to treaty stipulation,) of the\\nmale adults of a people who are rigidly averse to the adoption of the cus-\\ntoms of civilization.\\nIt is, then, not to be wondered at that the efforts of the Government to\\nlead the Indians into a condition of independence and self support, have\\nended in miserable failures. The position assumed by the United States,\\nin treating w T ith the poor, degraded, ignorant, red man, is as ridiculous\\nas would be that of a guardian of a minor, if required, to first gain the con-\\nsent of the child before taking steps looking toward future self-support\\nand independence.\\nThere are now, upon the reservations of the United States, 247,761 In-\\ndians, occupying 135,978,345 acres of land, or 550 acres to each man,\\nwoman and child, or 1,270 acres to every male over the age of rixteen, of\\nthe Indian population of the country. But 372,276 acres, (or about an\\nacre in a thousand), are tilled,, leaving the enormous number of 135,606,069\\nacres of idle and unproductive land, an area equal to that of the states of\\nRhode Island, Delaware, Connecticut, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New\\nHampshire, Vermont, Maryland, West Virginia, Maine, South Carolina,\\nand Indiana combined.\\nIn times past, when these reservations were covered with game, there\\nmay have been reason in setting apart such vast tracts of the public do-\\nmain as hunting grounds for the Indian. But the game has long since\\ndisappeared; the red man relies now entirely upon the Government for\\nhis food and clothing, and this vast surplus of land is not of the least ben-\\nefit to him, only so far as its sale, to the best advantage, will create a fund\\nfrom which to relieve the people of the Nation of the expense of his sup-\\nport. After giving every Indian his allotment, as provided by the law\\nquoted, there will remain considerably over a hundred millions of acres\\nof surplus land, which will furnish homes for five or more millions of\\npeople. To longer deprive the home-seekers of the right of entry on this\\nvast area of waste and idle land most of it, the finest agricultural land in\\nall the world is a wrong greater than the system of landlordism of Europe,\\nagainst which Americans are accustomed to utter the loudest ex-\\necrations. And, to make the comparison more odious, the English land-\\nowner will rent his possessions, thus making them productive, while the\\nIndian neither tills the land himself nor will he permit others to do so.\\nBy the enforcement of the land in severalty act, it is hoped to cure this\\nwrong, and not only open to settlement the vacant reservations, after\\nhaving provided each Indian with_a farm of reasonable size, but also, give", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nhim (the Indian) the benefit of the civilizing influences of a contact with\\nthe commerce and industries of every kind which will be introduced by\\nthe white settlers.\\nFrom the sale of the surplus lands, a fund will be created for the sup-\\nport of the Indians, until they are self-supporting,, without expense to\\nthe Government. And, lastly, the Indians are made amenable[to the laws\\nof the country like every other inhabitant, which is in consonance with\\nthe views held by General Crook, General Sheridan and others who, from\\nlong associations, are familiar with every shade of Indian character.\\nBy request of the Indians the President has authorized allotments to be\\nmade, under the provisions of the severalty law, of the Devils Lake, and\\nLake Traverse or Sisseton reservations in Dakota, and the work prelimi-\\nnary to carrying out the President s directions has already begun.\\nThe Yankton, and the old Ponca reservations have been placed upon\\nthe list of Indian reservations to which the severalty act will soon be ap-\\nplied. In this way there will be opened to settlement, possibly within\\nanother year, about 1,220,000 acres of as fine agricultural land as contained\\nwithin the boundaries of the Territory.\\nWe have these Indians as our neighbors, (where probably they must\\nalways remain,) and the Territory is deeply interested in any feasible\\nplan by means of which they, and the immense estates occupied by them,\\ncan be brought to contribute some little toward the building up of Da-\\nkota, instead of the parasitic support now demanded. It is believed that\\nthe immediate breaking up of all tribal relationship; compelling the\\nselection of land in severalty; endowing with citizenship; the gradual\\nwithdrawal of Government support, and the establishment of schools and\\nindustrial institutions on or near the reservations, will the soonest ac-\\ncomplish the enfranchisement of the Indian.\\nTHE GREAT SIOUX- INDIAN RESERVATION.\\nThis reservation stretches from the Missouri river on the east, to the\\nBlack Hills on the west, from the northern Nebraska boundary line\\non the south, almost to the town of. Bismarck, in northern Dakota.\\nIncluding the old Winnebago, which -has been decided to be a part,\\nit is the largest reservation in the United States, other than the Indian\\nTerritory. It contains 22,010,043 acres, on which reside 23,093 Indians of\\nboth sexes and all ages, which would give 953 acres of land to every indi-\\nvidual of the entire population.\\nWithin this reservation, through which flow numerous streams, well-\\ntimbered, are some of the finest agricultural and stock lands in the Terri-\\ntory, a portion of which will, almost assuredly, be opened to settlement at\\nthe approaching session of Congress, by the passage of what has become\\nto be popularly known as the u Dawes Sioux bill. This bill was intro-\\nduced in the Forty-eighth Congress, was passed by the Senate and re-\\nceived the favorable report of the House committee on Indian affairs.\\nThe same measure was presented to the Forty-ninth Congress, again", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 257\\npassed the Senate, and would have become a law, undoubtedly, bad the\\nmatter been presented to the House by the chairman of the committee\\nhaving the bill in charge.\\nThere is every reason to expect that, before the expiration of another\\nseason, at least one-half of this vast domain,, larger than the state of\\nIndiana, South Carolina, Maine, or West Virginia; more than three times\\nthe size of Maryland, Vermont, or New Hampshire; over four times that\\nof Massachusetts or New Jersey; seven times that of Connecticut, and\\nnearly twenty times the area of Delaware, almost every acre of which is\\nnow an unproductive waste, will be thrown open to settlement.\\nThis will not only add about 11,000,000 acres to the Government lands\\nof the Territory\u00e2\u0080\u0094 increasing to a corresponding extent our wealth and\\npopulation but will permit of the extension westward from the Missouri\\nriver, into the Black Hills country, of the several railroads which have\\nlong awaited this result, and thereby give the settlers east of the river\\naccess to the coal-fields, the lumber-mills, the salt, petroleum, and other\\ninterests lying west of the reservation.\\nWithin a distance of 200 miles west of the Missouri river, these products\\nnow the most expensive items to the people of the Territory are to be\\nhad in abundance, from all of which and traffic and business inter-\\ncourse with the 60,000 residents of the Black Hills the inhabitants of Da-\\nkota east of the river, are entirely cut off, so long as the reservation re-\\nmains closed to development.\\nThe difficulty met with in endeavoring to apply the provisions of the\\nseveralty act, heretofore alluded to, in the reduction of the immense pro-\\nportions of the Great Sioux Indian reservation, is the fact that the law\\nproceeds upon the fundamental assumption that the full consent of each\\nparticular tribe or band of Indians, must be obtained, or the allotments\\nto all cannot be made or the surplus land opened to settlement at least\\nnot for a term of years. To deal thus with 23,000 Indians, and they show-\\ning as little progress in civilization as any Indians of the Nation, practically\\nmakes the law a nullity, so far as this particular reservation is concerned.\\nIt is admitted, by all, that the great and vital interests of the Northwest\\ndemand the immediate opening to settlement and railway communication\\nof this barrier to the full development of the Territory, and that this re-\\nsult can only be speedily accomplished by the passage of such a measure\\nas the one referred to the bill of Senator Dawes, (or one of similar im-\\nport,) which contains all of the valuable provisions and safeguards of the\\nseveralty act, has received the approval of the Honorable Secretary of\\nthe Interior, the Honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Indians\\nRights association, (a society of philanthropic men, who are pledged to\\nprotect the interests of the Indians,) the various missionary associations,\\nhaving representatives among the Indians, has twice passed the Senate,\\nand is acceptable to the people of the Territory.\\nUnder the treaty of April 29, 1868, setting apart this reservation for the\\n(9)", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "258 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ndifferent tribes of Sioux Indians, the Government agreed to furnish them,\\nfor a period of years, clothing for men, women and children, and to em-\\nploy blacksmiths, physicians, school teachers, carpenters, farmers, etc.\\nThe Honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs makes the following esti-\\nmate of the annual cost to the United States, of carrying out that treaty\\nstipulation\\nPurchase of clothing for men, women, and children $130,000\\nBlacksmith, and for iron and steel 2,000\\nFor such articles as may be considered necessary by the Secre-\\ntaryofthe Interior 200,000\\nPhysicians, teachers, carpenters, millers, farmers, etc 10,400\\nPurchase of rations and subsistence 1,100,000\\nTotal annual expenditure $1,442,400\\nThis is exclusive of the cost of keeping up the several agencies, em-\\nployment of agents, interpreters, and other expenses attending the ful-\\nfillment ot this agreement between the Indians and the Government.\\nThe passage of the Dawes Sioux bill, will relieve the tax-payers of the\\nNation from the heavy burden by the creation of a fund from the sale of\\nthe surplus lands, out of which the Indians are to be supported until they\\narrive at a condition of independence.\\nTUETLE MOUNTAIN INDIAN RESERVATION.\\nIn January, 1886, the honorable Commissioner of the General Land\\nOffice, Washington, suspended the contracts which had been let by the\\nsurveyor general of the Territory, for the survey of some fitty-four town-\\nships, lying north and west of Devils Lake, and known as the Turtle\\nMountain region. The Commissioner based his action on the ground that\\nthe Turtle Mountain band of Chippewa Indians, numbering about 250,\\nlaid claim to the lands in this section, covering, in all, some 10,000,000\\nacres.\\nApril 14th of the present year, the Secretary of the Interior revoked\\nthis order of suspension, and directed that the contracts for surveys\\nshould be carried out, and the filing of the plats of surveys in the proper\\nlocal land offices, in order that the lands might be at the disposal of set-\\ntlers.\\nThe question of Indian title, thus happily determined by the Honorable\\nSecretary of the Interior, in favor of the homesteader, has opened to\\nsettlement a tract of land in Cavalier, Towner, Rolette, Bottineau,\\nRenville, Wells, and other counties of the Devils Lake, Turtle Mountains,\\nand Mouse river countries, larger than the state of Delaware.\\nThe rapid extension, during the past two years, of the main line and\\nbranches of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway system,\\nthrough the rich agricultural and stock lands of this region, had brought\\nabout a heavy immigration of home-seekers, who had settled upon a part\\nof these lands without any knowledge of the claims of the Chippewas.\\nWhile the order of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, sus-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 259\\npending the surveys, as first referred to, caused the many thousand set-\\ntlers in the northern portion of the Territory considerable temporary\\nannoyance, all is now fortunately ended. The contracts for surveys are\\nbeing rapidly carried to completion, many of the plats have already\\nbeen filed in the land offices at Devils Lake and Bismarck, and some of\\nthe most valuable lands are thus open to homestead, pre-emption, etc.\\nFORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION.\\nBy the terms of an agreement with the Indians residing upon the Fort\\nBerthold reservation, made by the Government commissioners, under the\\nprovisions of the act of May 15, 1886, the Indians in question, cede to the\\nUnited States over 1,600,000 acres of excellent farming land, for the sum of\\n$800,000, payable in ten yearly installments of $80,000 each which sum is\\nto be expended in their civilization and education. The agreement was\\ncompleted at too late a date to receive the approval of the Forty-ninth\\nCongress; but the treaty will undoubtedly be ratified before the expira-\\ntion of the present year, and the purchased lands will then become sub-\\nject to entry. The lands ceded include all that portion of the reservation\\nlying north of the Forty-eighth parallel of north latitude, and all that por-\\ntion lying south of the Forty-eighth parallel, and west of a line drawn\\nfrom north to south, six miles west from the most westerly point in the\\nbig bend of the Missouri river. The tract contains some fine farming\\nlands and excellent stock ranges, lying on both sides of the Missouri\\nand its tributary streams. This reservation is traversed by the main line\\nof the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba railway, and settlement of the\\nlands will be rapid, as soon as the agreement with the Indians has re-\\nceived the ratification of Congress.\\nNever was the confidence of the money men in the East more solid.\\nMillions upon millions will be sent to the Northwest this season for in-\\nvestment. Dakota with the railroad development now going on within\\nher borders, will, I think, secure the lion s share of the attention of East-\\nern capitalists. Theodore Roosevelt, of New York.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "260 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA S FINANCIAL CONDITION.\\nFrom the Territorial treasurer s last report, it is learned that the re-\\nceipts from taxation during the year ending November 30, 1886, (exclusive\\nof railroad gross earnings tax, collected for, and paid the different coun-\\nties,) amounted to $398,552.93, and the disbursements from the general\\nfund were $326,741.22\u00e2\u0080\u0094 being an excess of receipts from regular sources\\nover disbursements, for the year, of $71,811.71, and that] there remained\\nin the treasury, at this time, a total cash balance of $232,982,63.\\nThe total bonded indebtedness of the Territory, November 30, 1886, was\\n$568,700.\\nSince that date this indebtedness has been increased by the issuance\\n(under authority of acts passed at the last session of the Territorial Legis-\\nlature to provide funds for the construction of buildings, permanent im-\\nprovements, etc., for various public institutions,) of bonds to the amount\\nof $510,100\u00e2\u0080\u0094 making the total bonded indebtedness today $1,078,800\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nwhich is nearly $300,000 less than 1 per cent, of the assessed valuation of\\nDakota, as returned in 1886, and a half million dollars less than 1 per cent,\\nof the 1887 assessed valuation.\\nFor this bonded indebtedness of $1,078,800 the Territory has an invest-\\nment in public institutions, including the costs of grounds, buildings, and\\npermanent improvements, and the value of lands donated, representing\\nat least $2,000,000.\\nOf the late issue of bonds, $40,). LOO bear interest at four and one-half per\\ncent.; $92,500 are 5-20 s; $84,500 are ,20 s; $L4,300 are 10-20 s; $29,000 are\\n10-30 s; $188,800 are 15 s; $10] ,000 bear interest at five per cent. $76,000 are\\n10-20 s, and $25,000 are 10 s.\\nOf the bonds issued by the Territory prior to these last named, $468,200\\nbear interest at six per cent and $100,500 bear interest at five per cent.\\nThe ready sale, in May, of the present year, of $409,100 of bonds bearing\\nbut four and a half per cent, interest, and that, too, at a premium of more\\nthan half of one per cent., speaks volumes for the financial standing of\\nDakota\u00e2\u0080\u0094 more especially when it is understood that under the laws gov-\\nerning the savings banks, and other monetary institutions of the New", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 261\\nEngland states, the usual purchasers of state and National securities, their\\nreserve funds cannot be invested in the bonds of a territory.\\nThe Federal census of 1880 placed the bonded indebtedness of all the\\nstates and territories of the Union at $1,117,585,546, of which nearly\\n$1,000,000,000 at that time called for a rate of interest greater than four and\\na half per cent, and ranging as high as ten per cent. The placing of Da-\\nkota s securities at a rate of interest below that ever before obtained by\\nthis, or any other, Territory, and less than is paid by a large number of\\nthe states, is, indeed, a flattering comment on our financial management\\nand credit, and a matter concerning which every Dakotaian has a right to\\nfeel proud.\\nThis faith of Eastern capitalists in the security offered to those who in-\\nvest in the bonds of the Territory comes only after a thorough investiga-\\ntion of Dakota s present resources and future possibilities. It means that\\ncareful, discerning investors have looked us over and discovered the fol-\\nlowing facts: A sound and honest financial management exercised by\\nour administrative officials; a limitation by Congress of the total indebt-\\nedness which the Territory may create to one per cent, of the assessed\\nvaluation of all taxable property and a further limitation of the total in-\\ndebtedness which any municipality may incur to four per cent, of its as-\\nsessed valuation furnishing the people of the Territory, and the Terri-\\ntory s creditors a permanent security against possible mal-administration\\nor extravagance; and lastly the rapid development of our unlimited re-\\nsources, a constant and marked advance in the value of realty and other\\nproperty, a steady flow of immigration and a corresponding increase of\\nacreage in farms, the addition each year of nearly a thousand miles of\\nnew road to our already extensive railway systems, the building up of\\ntowns and cities and the extension of mercantile, manufacturing, and\\nmining interests all of which have convinced the wisest and most cautious\\njudges of financial stability that the w T orld offers no better security than\\nthat scheduled by Dakota to her creditors.\\nIt is impossible to present a stronger argument in favor of the certain\\nprogress and development of the Territory in the future as in the past,\\nand the profit awaiting those who today invest in Dakota s cheap farm\\nlands, than this very confidence of wise and conservative capitalists and\\ninvestors as displayed by the willing purchase of our securities and the\\nheavy investment of capital in railway extensions and other enterprises.\\nA prominent banker of the Territory, in a paper read before the Dakota\\nBankers association, at the annual convention, held at Watertown, in\\nMay of this year, speaking of the soundness and safety of investments in\\nrealty and Western securities, said:\\nIt may be stated as beyond controversy, that during the past fifty\\nyears, in no state or territory, which, at any given time was classed as of\\nthe newer West, have farm lands in such state or territory failed during\\na period of say five or ten years to advance materially in market value.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "262 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFor example, unimproved lands, which in certain sections of western\\nIowa, could in the year 1830, be purchased at a price of from eight to ten\\ndollars per acre, or even less, now find ready market at from ten to fif-\\nteen dollars per acre. So also, in southeastern and extreme eastern Da-\\nkota, lands of like description, which in 1882 were gladly sold at four to\\nsix dollars per acre, now readily command from eight to twelve dollars\\nper acre, and it may be added that in sections of Nebraska and Kansas a\\nmuch higher percentage of advance has occurred during the past five\\nyears than in the sections first cited.\\nThe causes which produce this advance in the price of land need\\nhardly be indicated. Among the principal ones may be given:\\nFirst. The improvement in the way of cultivation, buildings, tree\\nplanting, etc., made by the farmer upon the land, the title to which he\\nhas by settlement and purchase acquired from the Government.\\nSecond. Constant immigration, which gradually absorbs the unimproved\\nlands in any given section, and thus advances the price of lands in that\\nimmediate neighborhood.\\nThird. The establishment of villages, the building of school houses,\\nthe increasing of mail facilities and other improvements of a similar char-\\nacter.\\nFourth. And perhaps the strongest element, is the rapid, and seeming-\\nly ever increasing railway building whereby more convenient market fa-\\ncilities, and thereby lower freight rates are furnished, by reason of which\\nthe net price obtained by the farmer for his agricultural products is made\\nmaterially larger. This increased net profit from farming, inevitably en-\\nhances the value as a market commodity of all farm lands in that immed-\\niate section.\\nUnderstanding then, the causes which strengthen the values of realty\\nand lead to the eager investment of capital in Western lands and Western\\nenterprises, a study of the progress and development now going on in\\nDakota will reveal at once the secret of the confidence of investors in the\\nstability and the future of our Territory.\\nThe earliest accessible record of the financial affairs of the Territory is\\nthe following Treasurer s report 1865-6, copied verbatim:\\nOffice of the Territorial Treasurer,\\nYankton, Dakota Territory, Dec. 5, 1866. J\\nTo the Council and House of Representatives of Dakota Territory:\\nI have the honor to report the condition of the treasury, in obedience\\nto the duty imposed upon me by the statutes of the Territory.\\nI have received from the treasurer of Union county $60, which is now\\nin the treasury. There is still in the hands of the sheriff of Union coun-\\nty, not paid over to me, $96.42. By the laws of the Territory the sheriffs\\nof the several counties are not required to make their returns of collec-\\ntions until the 1st of December, and there has not been sufficent time", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 263\\nsince for this amount to be transmitted to me. The treasurer of Clay\\ncounty reports that there are $40 in his hands due the Territorial treasury,\\nnot yet paid over.\\nThe treasurer of Yankton county makes no report of any money in\\nthe treasury. I am unable to lay before you the condition of the amounts\\ndue the Territory from that county.\\nIn the counties of BonHomme, Charles Mix, and Todd, no taxes have\\nbeen levied, and no collections made.\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nIn my possession $60.00\\nRemaining, unpaid, in the hands of the sheriff of Union\\ncounty 96.42\\nDue from the treasury of Clay county 40.00\\nTotal due and unpaid $136.42\\nRespectfully submitted,\\nI. T. Gore, Treasurer.\\nThe following table shows the receipts and disbursements by the Terri-\\ntorial treasurer from 1867 to to 1879, inclusive\\nYear.\\nReceipts.\\nDisburse-\\nments.\\nExcess of re-\\nceipts over\\ndisbursements.\\nExcess of dis-\\nbursements\\nover receipts.\\n1867\\ns 326 49\\n529 46\\n548 25\\n1,017 56\\n1.334 77\\n1,895 07\\n2,597 90\\n6,307 96\\n3,412 69\\n7,030 67\\n19,326 88\\n21,007 65\\n41,212 11\\ns 357 75.\\n552 40\\n574 50\\n026 75\\n1,287 24\\n1,613 211\\n2 780 59\\n31 26\\n1868\\n22 04\\n186;)\\n00*81\\n47 53\\n281 86\\n26 25\\n1870\\n1871\\n187\u00c2\u00b0\\n1873\\n182 69\\n1874\\n5,905 06\\n2,826 08\\n8,404 33\\n15.544 70\\n23,280 24\\n42,238 26\\n312 00\\n586 61\\n1875\\n1876\\n563 66\\n1877\\n3,782 09\\n1878\\n2 272 50\\n1879 (to Nov. 30)..\\n1,026 15\\nFor each year since 1879, the assessed valuation of all taxable property\\nin Dakota has been as shown in the accompanying table\\n(See next page.)", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "264\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nASSESSED VALUATION OF DAKOTA,\\nFrom and including the year 1885.\\nc\\n.2\\n1879\\nTotal $16,267,096\\n1\\nIS\\n-H 00 a-\\n33 1-H\\n1880\\nTotal\\n$20,321,\\n530\\n15 I 5\\nI\\nc*\\n5. i\\nr-5\\n/J o\\nfill\\n1881\\n^3 *1\\n3 TO\\ni Total $32,055,288\\nr\\n3\\ni j\\nCO\\na\\n1 8\\n1882\\n2 o\\n3 io\\n5-2 r\\nw J 3\\n-5 _ j^\\nTotal S\\nh\\n3*\\n7^5\\nS 1 vi\\ns\\n5\\na 3\\n,0\\ni\\n1883\\n-3\\nI\\nCO\\n3 2, j\\n3 K\\nTotal $68,044,812\\nJ\\nr\\n3 H\\ns\\n5\\n-fl\\n1884\\nCO\\no\\n3 r\\n3\\nCO\\nCO\\nTotal $85,881,484\\ntC\\nZ!\\n1\\n_- O\\n1 1\\nO 1\\nTotal\\n1885\\n-b\\ns a jo\\nc\\nhI 3\\n$106,499,550\\n3\\no\\n1= s\\n1\\nlO\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0s\\n-3\\n30\\nonal\\nropert\\n(305.855\\nc\\nGO\\ni\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i\\n1886\\n3\\nhJ\\n_\\n2 c;\\n0*\\n5\\nrH\\n1 a\\nc $132.\\nTotal\\ndt\\n542.703\\nZ\\n3\\nr3\\no\\n-0\\nO\\n00\\nI-\\nm\\n1887\\n\u00c2\u00a73\\nIII\\n0*\\nO\\n3\\nCO\\nis.\\n00\\n1\\nii\\nTotal p", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES 01 DAKOTA. 265\\nThe assessed valuation of the Territory as returned in 1887 $157,084,365\\nrepresents much less than one-half the real value of the property taxed,\\nso it may be said that the taxable wealth of Dakota exceeds by a consid-\\nerable amount the sum of \u00c2\u00a7320,000,000.\\nThe rapid development of Dakota s resources, in twenty years, from\\nthe standing of an unknown quantity to the splendid record of today is\\nsurprising even to us Avho, from a long residence in the Territory, have\\nbecome somewhat accustomed to the marvelous. For the last seven\\nyears the yearly increase in the assessed valuation of taxable property\\nhas averaged \u00c2\u00a720,000,000, or an annual growth in Dakota s wealth, if rep-\\nresented in real values, of about \u00c2\u00a740,000,000. During the past three years\\nthe annual increase has averaged \u00c2\u00a724,000,000 oi an aggregation annually\\nof forty-eight millions to the Territory s side of the ledger. It maybe\\nsafely predicted that the next three years, 1890, will see the total footings\\nof Dakota s assessment roll increased by at least \u00c2\u00a7100,000,000.\\nIn 1866 the Treasurer reports the collection of \u00c2\u00a760.00 Territorial taxes\\nand, (according to the next entry in the record,) immediately proceeds\\nto deplete the overflowing coffers of the Commonwealth by cashing a\\nwarrant for his annual salary, amounting to the princely sum of \u00c2\u00a750.00.\\nTen years afterward, in 1876, his collections amounted to \u00c2\u00a77,930.27, and\\nhis disbursements to \u00c2\u00a78,007.36. With the lapse of another decade, in 1886\\nwe find the Treasurer s receipts amount to \u00c2\u00a7398,552; his expenditures to\\n\u00c2\u00a7326,741, a surplus in the treasury of \u00c2\u00a7232,982, and an assessed valuation in\\n1887 of \u00c2\u00a7157,084,365, representing a real value of at least twice this amount.\\nIn 1871 Dakota had not a single mile of railroad; today she has over 4,000,\\nor more tnan twenty-six of the states, and with a certainty of the addition\\nof at least a thousand miles of new track each succeeding year.\\nAt this date over 700 miles of new track have been added to the railway\\nmileage of the Territory since January 1st, 1887.\\nIn 1875 the value of school property in the Territory was but \u00c2\u00a724,926,\\nwhich had increased last year to \u00c2\u00a73,000,000.\\nDakota s live stock was valued in 1870 at \u00c2\u00a7779,952; today this invest-\\nment foots up the enormous sum of \u00c2\u00a743,195,229.\\nIn 1880 we raised 2,830,289 bushels of wheat, and only four years after-\\nward (1884,) the crop had increased to 38,166,413 bushels an advance of\\nmore than 1,300 per cent.\\nTo give a better idea of the progress of farm-making and land develop-\\nment in Dakota, the accompanying tables are presented, showing the\\nvalue of farms, acreage in farms, and value of farm implements, and ma-\\nchinery, according to the National census reports for the years 1860, 1870,\\n1880, and the Territorial census of 1885.\\nVALUE OF FARMS.\\n1860\\n1\\nDollars.\\n96,445\\n1870\\n2,085,265\\n1880\\n22,401,084", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "266 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nIt will be observed that in five years, from 1880 to 1885, the number of\\nfarms had increased nearly 500 per cent.; the farm areas over 400 per\\ncent.; their value 700 pei cent., and the average value per acre 200 per\\ncent.\\nACREAGE IN FARMS.\\nA cres.\\n1860\\ni\\n26,448\\n1870\\nBHM\\n302,376\\n1880\\nWk 3,800,656\\nThe points of greatest significance in this table are the rapid reduction\\nof unimproved land, from over nine-tenths of the area in 1860 to nearly\\none-half in 1885, and the lessening in size of farmp and increase of their\\nnumber.\\nVALUE OF FARMERS 1 IMPLE-\\nMENTS AND MACHINERY.\\nDollars.\\n1860 1 15,574\\n1870 B 142,612\\n1SS0 SR3S 2,390,091\\n1885 ffil^ 13,867,687\\nThe average assessed valuation of land per acre and the average levy\\nfor all the Territorial purposes from 1881 to date are given in the table\\nbelow.\\nI Averaged\\nYear. assessed Average tax levy, (Territorial.)\\nvalue per acre.\\n1881 $3.02 3 7-10 Mills.\\n1882 3.49 3 7-10\\n1883 3.95 3 1-2\\n1884 3.49 3 3-7\\n1885 3.35 3\\n1 86 3.87 2 4-10\\n1887 3.67 I 2 9-10\\nWhile there is an increase this year of one-half of a mill in the average\\nlevy as compared with that of 1886 the average assessed valuation of lands\\nis less by about 5 per cent., thereby making the increased taxation to the\\nland-owner but 1 mill to the acre, or 16 cents to the farm.\\nThe total county indebtedness, bonded and floating of the Territory,\\namounts to $3,258,442. Deducting from this the amount of cash on hand\\nand in sinking funds, leaves a net indebtedness of all the counties of\\n$2,964,139, or less than two per cent, of their assessed valuation for 1887,\\nor one-half of the statutory limitation. These county bonds bear a rate\\nof interest averaging 7 per cent, and were issued in nearly every instance\\nto provide funds for the erection of court-houses, bridges and other per-\\nmanent and necessary improvements.\\nEstimating the population on June 30, 1887, to have been 550,000, Da-\\nkota s total county indebtedness per capita was then $5.39; Territorial,\\n$1.96; county and Territorial, $7.35.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n267\\nSUMMARY OF COUNTY [NDEBTEDNESS.\\nCompiled from returns of County Clerks and Auditors to the Territorial Statistician.\\nCounties.\\nAmount of bonds\\nissued.\\nAmount of war-\\nrants outstanding.\\nAmount of cash in\\nsinking fund.\\nCash on hand for\\nwarrants.\\n$32,000\\n55,000\\n50,000\\n7,500\\ns 3,335\\n43,208\\n10,450\\n8,571\\n39\\nBarnes\\nBeadle\\n1,276\\n3,357\\n1,059\\n402\\n224\\n363\\nBonHomme\\n27,000\\n1 ,534\\n4,448\\n903\\n9,360\\n8,862\\n3,766\\n23.452\\n2,924\\n60,000\\n6.550\\n10.745\\n49,805\\n7.086\\n6,987\\n6,764\\n905\\n5,073\\n2,663\\nBrookings\\nBrown\\n2,500\\n2.046\\n2,111\\n10,725\\n645\\nBuffalo\\n323\\nBurleigh\\n67,750\\n14,849\\n2,800\\n1,545\\n2,000\\nButte (5)\\n1,331\\nCampbell\\n465\\nCass\\n155,000\\n6,000\\n4,900\\n29,014\\nCavalier\\nCharles Mix\\n323\\nClark\\n130\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0444*\\n958\\nClay\\n8,000\\n35,000\\n58,846\\n65,000\\n15,000\\n1 1 ,500\\n20,500\\n480\\nCodington\\n3,903\\n74\\nDavison (d)\\n4.734\\n(a) 9,819\\n3,257\\n138\\nDeuel\\n3,000\\n8.000\\n2,986\\n700\\nDouglas\\nEddv\\n2,500\\n15,000\\n748\\nEdmunds {e)\\n24,075\\n*6,917\\n7,000\\n7,103\\n263\\nFall River\\n554\\nFaulk\\n5,000\\nFoster\\n247\\n42,150\\n107,550\\n30,000\\n9,942\\n8,934\\nGrant\\n700\\n28.103\\n5,411\\n27,640\\n7,617\\n70C\\n906\\nHamlin (f)\\n281\\nHand\\nHanson (X)\\n10,000\\n59,100\\n3,967\\n18,600\\n1,001\\n1,893\\n602\\n173\\nHutchinson\\n3,155\\nHvde\\n2,000\\n14,042\\n17,823\\nJerauld\\n119\\n20,000\\n13,000\\n30,000\\n1,500\\nKingsbury\\n5,000\\nLake\\n2,329\\n17,737\\n69,949\\n892\\nLa Moure..\\n21,*799\\n7,806\\n545,450\\nLincoln\\n4,449\\nLogan\\n7,720\\n2.600\\n423\\nMcCook (g)\\n20,000", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "268\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nsummary of county indebtedness, (Continued.)\\nCO\\n.9\\nrO\\nw r-f\\n-73\\nCounties.\\nCO\\no b\u00c2\u00a3\\n-t-= CO\\n-I- 3 S\\nfl\\no\\n5\\no.S\\ng\\n2 S\\na\\n\u00c2\u00abi\u00c2\u00a3\\nPi\\nMcHenry\\n6,094\\n3,451 1\\n13,622\\n8,156\\n7,220\\n11,496\\n5,933\\n156\\nMcintosh\\n122\\nMcLean (h)\\nMcPherson\\nMarshall\\n460\\n850\\nMercer\\nMiner\\n10,000\\n19,800\\n5,200\\n65,000\\n30,000\\n1,002\\nMinnehaha\\n8,455\\n2,062\\nMoody.-\\n5,856*\\nMorton\\n7,292\\nNelson\\n550\\nOliver\\n2,628\\n11\\nPembina\\n40,000\\n64,900\\n10,000\\n20,000\\nPennington\\n48,273\\n10,136\\n18,618\\n5,000\\n1,417\\nPotter\\nRamsey\\nRansom (i)\\n626\\n9,551\\n3,038\\n4,549\\nRichland\\n30,513\\n12,000\\nio ooo\\n24,630\\nRoberts\\nRolette (k)\\n14,621\\n19,110\\n13,114\\n8,870\\n10,939\\n410\\n3,053\\nSanborn\\nSargent\\nSpink\\n648\\n1,000\\n3,159\\n6,598\\nStark\\n15,000\\n12,000\\n1,150\\n24,150\\n25,000\\nSteele\\n28,799\\n21,297\\n4,520\\nStutsman\\n2,940\\nSully\\n400\\nTowner\\n5,053\\n13,386\\n27,525\\n7,000\\n2,037\\n9,340\\n368\\nTraill\\nTurner\\nUnion\\nWalsh\\n1,369\\n13,819\\n8,311\\n15*690\\nWalworth (II)\\n598\\nWard m\\nWells\\n7,425\\n7,238\\n375\\nYankton\\n344,300\\n2,154\\n936\\n2,378,175\\n880,267\\n101,852\\n192,451\\nREMARKS.\\nFall River. Amount taxes for 1884 and 1885, delinquent, $3,041, leaving indebted-\\nness, $3,322.\\nHamlin, (f) As per statement of July 1, 1886.\\nHanson, (i) Has about $3,000 delinquent personal tax to add to the redemption of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0warrants.\\nUnion, (g) Estimated amount of county debts. Does not issue warrants faster than\\nthere is monev in treasury to pav them.\\nWalworth. Delinquent tax due county and sinking fund, 1884, $1,898.05,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1885,\\n$823.83; uncollected taxes du county and sinking fund, $4,266.05.\\nDay. (a) Includes warrant of Marshall county to the amount of $7,401,65, their share\\nof county indebtedness :it the time of division.\\n(b) As per report, dated July 1, 1886.\\n(c) As per report, dated July 1, 1886.\\n(d) As per report, daied January 1, 1S86.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 269\\nFrom the Federal census of 1880 we rind the following states and terri-\\ntories have a per capita state and county indebtedness exceeding that of\\nDakota\\nSTALE AND COUNTY INDEBTEDNESS PER CAPITA.\\nLouisiana\\n....$26.10\\n20.24\\n9 08\\nVirginia\\nArkansas\\n8.98\\nTennessee\\nColorado\\nMissouri\\n19.95\\n13.91\\n12.98\\n12.50\\n12.27\\n12.06\\nMaryland\\nAlabama\\nSouth Carolina\\n8.91\\n8.53\\n8.24\\nNew Hampshire\\nCalifornia\\nMassachusetts\\nArizona\\nConnecticut\\nMaine\\nMontana\\n*8.73\\n8.13\\n7.90\\n18.50\\nIf the figures giving the present municipal indebtedness of the Terri-\\ntory were obtainable, it is believed Dakota would show a debt per capita\\nbelow any state or territory of the Union. In 1880 her municipal debt\\nwas but 837,290, or one twenty-seventh of her total indebtedness at that\\ntime a showing equaled in the entire Nation by onty the two territories\\nof Idaho and New Mexico while in sixteen of the states the municipal\\nindebtedness amounted to a larger sum than the state and county debt\\ncombined.\\nA reliable authority places the present mortgage debt of the farmers of\\nthe Territory at about $3.21 per acre, which probably represents 33-J per\\ncent, of the real valuation of the property. Comparing this with the\\nfarm indebtedness of the Eastern states as given in the report of the sta-\\ntistician of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for March, 1887, we\\nfind in the great and wealthy state of New York, 30 per cent, of the farms\\nin the state are mortgaged, ranging from 2 per cent, of their value to 100\\nper cent. averaging 66\u00c2\u00a7 per cent, of estimated value that probably one-\\nthird of the farms in the state would not sell for more than the cost of\\nbuildings and other improvements, and that one in twenty of the farm\\nproprietors is hopelessly in debt.\\nThe same authority estimates 25 per cent, of the farmers of Pennsyl-\\nvania to be in debt, while not more than 5 per cent, are hopelessly so;\\nMichigan has one-fourth of her farms mortgaged for amounts varying\\nfrom one-fourth to one-half their value; in Indiana 10 per cent, of the\\nfarmers are in debt beyond the amount of their credits; 30 per cent, of\\nthe farmers of Missouri are in debt beyond their credits exclusive of\\nstore accounts; 20 per cent, of the farmers of Kansas are in debt beyond\\nthe amount of their credits, and 50 per cent, of the farms are mortgaged.\\n(e) As per report, dated January 1. 1886.\\nAs per report, dated July 1, 1886.\\n(gr) As per report, dated January I, 1886.\\n(A) As per report, dated January 1, 1886.\\n(i) As per report, dated January 1, 1886.\\n(k) A s per report, da\\\\ed January 1, 1886.\\nNo county indebtedness.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "270 EESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe mortgage debt of the farmers of Dakota is the natural and inevita-\\nble result of the development of a new Territory. It has been incurred\\nin proving up on Government ltnd, in purchasing deeded farms, in\\nbuilding and fencing, in stocking with animals and machinery, and in\\nprairie breaking. When we consider the rapid advance in real estate\\nvalues in the Territory, and the fact that the farm indebtedness was not\\ncreated through extravagance, the purchase of top buggies or other lux-\\nuries, but was a necessary indebtedness incurred in the development of,\\nand making permanent improvements on, the land mortgaged\u00e2\u0080\u0094 we are\\nconvinced that the farmers of Dakota are in a far more hopeful condition,\\nfinancially, than those of any other locality of the Union.\\nIt must be remembered that the great majority of our farmers are\\nyoung men and others, who came West with limited means, having little\\nelse besides health, energy, and a determination to succeed; and who are,\\n(in most instances,) for the first time, owners of a farm and a home of\\ntheir own\\nIt has been said by those most learned in political economy that the\\ninducement to improve and stock a farm, on the basis of free land, is\\nsufficient to warrant incurring indebtedness in the security of youth, and\\nwill, and muscle; and the gradual reduction of the debt, while the prop-\\nerty is increasing in value, is a surety of ultimate removal of the burden.\\n-X- -X-\\nTo such as commenced judiciously, with a full knowledge of the re-\\nsponsibilities involved, and with will and industry commensurate with\\nthe burden assumed, a mortgage may prove a blessing. It represents\\ncapital, without which the business of farming cannot be undertaken, or\\nits products and profits be secured. It enables a poor, but capable and\\nindustrious young man, to secure a home and a profitable business, pay-\\ning for it in easy installments.\\nThe element of time in liquidating debts of pioneer settlement and\\nimprovement is obvious, for a large proportion of American farmers have\\nsettled with little capital and have erected houses and barns, built fences,\\ndug ditches, felled forests or broken prairie bv labor of their own hands.\\nDebts of farmers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 report of U. S. Department of Agriculture.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 271\\nLAND ENTRIES.\\nTHE SETTLEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN, IN DAKOTA, FOR THE YEAR ENDING\\nJUNE 30, 1887.\\nThere were 13,855 new filings during the year ending June 30, 1887, un-\\nder the general land laws, as follows: Homesteads, 4,771; pre-emptions,\\n4,946, and tree claims, 4,138.\\nThe area newly filed on during the year was 2,067,281 acres.\\nThere were 10,750 final proofs made, of which 6,592 were cash entries,\\n3,787 final homestead entries, and 371 timber culture proofs. Of the cash\\nentries, there were 4,581 proofs made under the pre-emption law, and\\n2,011 commuted homesteads.\\nThe area acquired by final proof and cash entry, during the year, was\\n1,586,672 acres, and that purchased by land scrip 2,887 acres.\\nThere has been a very large immigration during the year named, to\\nthe Deadwood, Devils Lake, and Bismarck districts, where much of the\\npublic land remains unsurveyed.\\nThe area of unsurveyed lands taken up, but not filed on, is estimated\\nas being equivalent to one-third of the area filed on in these three dis-\\ntricts, or about 200,000 acres, and the number of squatter claimants, not\\nincluding their families, is about 1,400.\\nThe sales of lands to settlers by the Northern Pacific railroad company,\\nand private owners in different sections of the Territory during the same\\nperiod can only be approximated. However, it is safe to estimate these\\nsales as equivalent to 20 per cent, of the area of the Government lands filed\\non for ihe year or about 400,000 acres acquired by private sale.\\nThe grand total of lands newly filed on and purchased by immigrants\\nfor settlement for the year in question, therefore, closely approximates\\nthe number of 2,667,28 L acres, or 4,168 square miles, an area four times\\ngreater than that of Rhode Island, about three times that of Delaware or\\nnearly that contained within the boundaries of the state of Connecticut.\\nThe following table shows the public land entries at each of the ten\\nUnited States land offices in the Territory for the year ending Tune 30,\\n1887:", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "272\\nEESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nDistricts.\\nft\\nCD\\nI\\no\\nw\\nYankton\\nMitchell\\nWatertown\\nHuron\\nAberdeen j\\nDead wood\\nFargo\\nGrand Forks-\\nDevils. Lake..\\nBismarck j\\nCD\\nCD\\nft\\n124\\n236,\\n677\\n613\\n612,\\n539;\\n493!\\n544!\\n596|\\n482 j\\nft_ CD\\n157\\n339,\\n622\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a063\\n725\\n187\\n635\\n673\\n364\\n439\\n157\\n361\\n588\\n769\\n465\\n+3 CD\\nft^\\nCD\\nft\\n3 TO T)\\na\\nO to\u00c2\u00a3\\nO\\n147\\n320\\n502\\n709\\n843\\nCD\\nto\\nCD\\na\\nO\\no3 o\\nft*\\nCD\\n?H\\n+a\\n53\\nCD\\nCD\\no\\no\\nH\\nft\\nH\\n1\\n131, 488\\n564^ 222\\n387 518\\n366: 533;\\n350 299;\\nJ\\n139 356\\n190 1 924:\\n320 842\\n572 383\\n376 157\\n73 101\\n100\\n151\\n68.\\n548\\n344;\\n19\\n144!\\n140i\\n47;\\n22 113\\n57,317\\n137,816\\n294,169\\n220,856\\n296,193\\n135,292\\n267,845\\n249,175\\n205,737\\n202,881\\na\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a23\u00c2\u00a7\u00c2\u00a3\\no fta\\nfl 3\\n3\\nft\\n3 o\\nft\\nCD S\\nu i\u00e2\u0080\u0094 i\\n1\\n117,445.\\n225,240\\n256,9291\\n256,396;\\n194,608\\n89,933;\\n134,430\\n157,622.\\n91,194\\n62,875\\n480\\n160\\n640\\n240\\n40\\n480\\n187\\n160\\nTotals 4,946 4,7714,138 4,581 2.01li3,787 371 2,067,281 il,586,672J2,3S7\\nAnd the next table is the same showing; bv months:\\nbfi\\nc3\\nCD\\n8 s\u00c2\u00ae\\nu w o _,\\nft cd ,jd *G\\nCD\\nto\\nCD\\n53\\n+3\\ned by\\nf and\\ns.\\nsed by\\n,-H fl\\nt a\\nh O ffl 8\\nMonths.\\nft\\na\\nCD\\nCD\\nf-i\\nCD\\nCD\\na\\no\\n3\\nCD\\nCD m\\nb\u00c2\u00a3\\na. 5\\no 53\\n43 CD\\ncb I\\nonimuted\\nsteads c\\ntries.\\na\\nr-H O\\nC3\\n53\\n^8\\n|ft\\nCD\\nCO\\nCD g\\ncres acqui\\nfinal pro\\ncash entri\\ncres purch\\nland scrip\\nft\\nw\\nH\\nft\\nO\\nJulv, 86....\\n805\\n474\\n675\\n478 100\\n339\\n77\\n302,403\\n135,5391 640\\nAug., 86...\\n289\\n351\\n314\\n302j 88\\n174\\n22:\\n143,875\\n75,506 560\\nSept., 86...\\n293\\n373\\n286\\n306! 117\\n150\\n13\\n144,153!\\n84,566 280\\nOct., 86....\\n355\\n453\\n393\\n578! 259\\n267\\n381\\n180,429!\\n170,608! 40\\nNov., Siy...\\n351\\n456\\n367\\n634i 317\\n374\\n18\\n178,571;\\n185,167! 27\\nDec, 86...\\n205\\n372\\n204\\n526! 276\\n370\\n15\\n117,991;\\n179,638\\nJan., 87....\\n168\\n273\\n209\\n347| 204\\n238\\n17 1\\n97,791 i\\n127,971\\nFeb., 87...\\n138\\n187\\n152\\n207| 137\\n185\\n4\\n61,084,\\n84,405\\n240\\nMarch, 87.\\n439\\n425\\n300\\n2631 137\\n263\\n19\\n164,172!\\n102,812\\nApril, 87..\\n667\\n454\\n373\\n258 104\\n382\\n29\\n219,211\\n116,125\\nMav, 87...\\n631\\n478\\n432\\n371\\n140\\n557\\n43\\n228,298\\n168,751\\n200\\nJune, 87...\\n605\\n475\\n4,771\\n433\\n311\\n132\\n488\\n76!\\n229,303\\n155,584 400\\nTotals....\\n4,916\\n4,138\\n4,581\\n2,011\\n3,787\\n871\\n2,067.2811\\n1,586,672\\n2,387\\nA very careful and conservative estimate made by this office (under\\nthe administration of Hon. Lauren Dunlap), basing the gain in popula-\\ntion, since the census of June, 1885, on the public land entries for the\\nyear, gave Dakota a population on June 30, 1886, of 500,000. Continuing\\nthese estimates on the same plan as that of the year past:\\nThe number of homestead and pre-emption filings during the year end-\\ning June 30, 1887, was 9,717, representing a population of three times that\\nnumber, or about 29,151 souls.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "EESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nPULATION OF DAKOTA, 1887, COMPARED WITH EACH STATE AND TERRITORY,\\n173\\nCensus 1880.\\nRank. States.\\nPopulation.\\n48 INDIAN TER.,\\n47 WYOMING TER.,\\n20,789\\n46 IDAHO.\\n32,610\\n45 MONTANA. Hi\\n39,159\\n44 ARIZONA, HH\\n40.44(1\\n43 NEVADA. B^\\n02,266\\n42 WASHINGTON TER., B|B\\n75,116\\n41 NKW MEXICO. BOB\\n119,565\\n40 VTA IE BBS\\n148,963\\n39 DELAWARE. BBBI\\n146,608\\n38 OREGON. BBBB\\n174,768\\nDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. WSSMBBk\\n177,624\\nCOLORADO. BUffiffffB\\n194,327\\n35 FLORIDA. HBBBB\\n269.493\\n34 RH DE ISLAND. BHBEPB\\n276.531\\n33 VERMONT. HBBS^PB\\n332,286\\n32 NEW HAMPSHIRE, BBS^H^B\\n346.991\\n31 N ERR A SKA. IBSPBBHB\\n452,402\\n30 DAKOTA, 1387, BBBBBGi\\n29 WEST VIKGIXIA. IflBBSHSB\\n600,000\\n618,457\\n2S CONNECTICUT. ||[WW Bl[^g|j|Ullli\\n622,700\\nBHER^HSIrjBSSi\\n648.936\\nMinnesota. BBBBBBBH\\n780.773\\n25 ARKANSAS, ^MIMM$M9BB\u00c2\u00a3\u00c2\u00a7JA\\n802,525\\n24 CALIFORNIA. BBBj^BBBBi\\n864,694\\nB99HBHBBB\\nBHBB1BHHBI\\n934,943\\n939.946\\nCarolina. BEBBB^SBBSBI\\n995.577\\nkansas. BBBBKHiflBBBI\\n996.096\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^HHBBBBBBB\\n1,131,116\\nHHBHBHBBBH\\nIT ALABAMA, RBHPBBBSS^SBB\\nWisconsin. HBBI^HBIBBBBBM\\n1,131.597\\n1.262,505\\n1,315.497\\n15 NORTH CAROLINA. ^RBBBBBBHBBS\\n1,399.750\\nu HBJBBBBBBHBBBI\\n1,512,565\\nGeorgia, IBS9HBBHBHBHBI\\n1,542,180\\nTennessee, HBBHBRSBHBBHIH\\n1.542.359\\ntexas, IBBBBBBffBBHBBl\\n1,591,749\\n10 B9SBSBBBHBMIHBBII\\n1,624.615\\nBBBBBBHHHBBBBH\\n1,636.937\\nBBHMHBBBHBBBBBI\\n1,648.690\\ni HBBBBSHBHHBHBBBB\\n1,783,085\\nB^HBBH^BlHBHBHBHi\\n1,978.301\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0SIHHBBBMBBMBflBI\\nHBBBBIHHBHflHBHBMBHB\\n2,168,380\\n3,077,871\\nSIQHHi^BBP^^HBflBBBBBi\\n-.198,062\\npenn., RpBHVHBBHBBHBBHBIIBH\\n4.282,891\\n5,082,871", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "274 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe 1,400 squatters on unsurveyed land represent a resident population\\nof 3,500 persons.\\nThe gain in population from the sale of lands by the Northern Pacific\\nrailway company and private owners, may be estimated at 3,750, on the\\nbasis of a family of three to every 320 acres of land sold.\\nThe number of births during the same period is estimated at 17,500, the\\nnumber of births for the year previous having been estimated at 15,000.\\nThe gain in population by the growth of the many hundred cities,\\ntowns and villages of the Territory both the older ones and those newly\\nestablished, which includes the increase in the number of laborers,\\nminers, mechanics, business and professional men, is estimated to equal\\none-half of the settlers on the public domain for the year, or 14,576 souls.\\nTherefore, the growth in population during the year amounts to 68,477,\\nmaking the population of the Territory, (June 30, 1887,) very close to\\n568,477.\\nPOPULATION.\\n1860\\nI\\n4,837\\n1870\\nH\\n14 181\\n1880\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ehsm\\n135,177\\n1885\\n1887\\nj 415,610\\nExclusive of Alaska, and deducting the area yet to be segregated for\\nrailroad and private land-claim grants, there remained in the United\\nStates, June 30, 1886, (as compiled from the annual reports of the Com-\\nmissioner of the General Land Office,) 573,344,605 acres of surveyed and\\nunsurveyed lands being the entire area of the public domain, good, bad,\\nand indifferent, at the disposal of the Government. Of this total of 573,-\\n000,000 acres remaining in the hands of the Government June 30, 1886,,\\nprobably not more than 100,000,000 acres were agricultural lands. The\\nofficials of the Government estimated the purely agricultural lands re-\\nmaining in the West, June 30, 1883, at only 5,000,000 acres; but this esti-\\nmate was certainly too low. At the present rate of disposal, (more than\\n20,000,000 acres per annum,) all the desirable lands owned by the Govern-\\nment will have disappeared within the next five years. A study of these\\nfigures must convince the observing that the time is rapidly approaching\\nwhen the public domain and free Government homes will be an\\nitem of history only.\\nThe strangest part of this subject is the fact that so many of our own citi-\\nzens living in the overcrowded cities and heavily burdened sections of the\\nEast, where to live means a continual struggle against adverse conditions,\\nand the fear of poverty and want is a constant nightmare, instead of\\ngrasping at the rapidly vanishing opportunitj of acquiring a home, and\\nwith it happiness and independence, are allowing a vast army of foreign-\\ners to rob them of their patrimony.\\nThe foreign immigration arriving at the city of New York alone, for the\\nfirst six months of 1887 numbered 212,655 souls exceeding the arrivals:", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 275\\nfor the same period of the preceding year by 65,000. Since 1880 this\\ncountry has received nearly 4,000,000 emigrants, or about seven per cent,\\nof our present total population.\\nThe majority of those now coming to America are Italians, Swedes, and\\nIrish in the order named. Sixty per cent, of the emigrants are ticketed\\nthrough to Western points, nearly all of whom become honest workers\\nand excellent citizens. The remainder, or forty per cent., do not care to\\ngo West and, almost without exception, remain in the Eastern cities. In\\nthis way the great business centers are receiving constant additions to the\\nalready too large a population of agitators and fomenters of discord the\\nresult of which is leading the public to a serious contemplation of the\\nproblems arising from a free and unrestricted foreign immigration.\\nIt is not at all improbable that Congress will be called upon at the ap-\\nproaching session to enact a law whereby every intending emigrant shall be\\ncompelled to exhibit to our consuls abroad satisfactory proof that he is an\\nhonest, law abiding citizen and is in possession of sufficient means to sup-\\nport himself and family for at least a year. While the class of foreigners\\nwho come West are invariably of the better element, ranking in intelli-\\ngence, sobriety, thrift, and observance of the law, with the best of our citi-\\nzens, and therefore, Dakota has not those vital interests at stake that\\nobtain in the East, yet, as people of one common Government, we cannot\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2do otherwise than uphold the justness of such steps as are necessary to\\nstay this growth of ingratitude against a saving hand.\\nVACANT LANDS.\\nThe entire area of Dakota amounts to 9(5, 59(5,480 acres. Of this 26,847,-\\n105 acres are contained within Indian reservations; about 7,000,000 acres\\nwere granted by the Government to aid in the construction of the North-\\nern Pacific railroad; 3,000,000 acres are set aside for support of schools;\\nand, according to careful computations made for this office from the rec-\\nords and plat-books of the several land districts, there had been disposed\\nof, up to June 30, 1887, 35,937,930 acres under the general land laws\\nleaving a vacant area open to settlement, at this time (not deducting the\\nsmall area of unsurveyed lands held by squatters), of 23,811,445 acres.\\nThe vacant public lands are distributed between the ten land districts of\\nthe Territory as follows:\\nAberdeen district 802,873 acres\\nBismarck district 14,281,600 acres\\nDead wood district 5,878,449 acres\\nDevils Lake district 1,482,298 acres\\nFargo district 281,960 acres\\nirand Forks district 800,000 acres\\nHuron district 157,040 acres\\nMitchell district 9,600 acres\\nWatertown district 112,625 acres\\nYankton district 5,000 acres\\nTotal 23,811 ,445 acres", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "276\\nRE^OUKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThe Bismarck land district contains by far the largest area of agricul-\\ntural lands remaining A^acant in any one land district of the United States.\\n*GOVEKNMENT LANDS ENTERED fbom 1875 to 1887.\\nDuringthe pastsix years, over thirty-two millions of acres of Dakota lands\\nhave been entered under the provisions of the Government land laws\\nbeing an area greater than that of twenty-one of the states of the Union\\n(the list including New York, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky,\\nIndiana and Maine,) or equivalent to five New Hampshires, Vernionts, or\\nMarylands, six Massachusetts, seven New Jerseys, ten Connecticuts, or\\ntwenty-five Datawares.\\nOf the 415,610 inhabitants in Dakota, as shown by the Territorial census\\nof 1885 1 50,990, or about one third were born in foreign countries, of which\\nover 33,000 were Canadians 707 were colored, 191 Chinese and 647 Indian\\ncitizens.\\nThe immigration of this year is made up of the same class of sober, in-\\ndustrious people, as in the past, the characteristics of whom as regards\\nsobriety, thrift, and love of law and order have given the Territory a Na-\\ntional reputation. They, as a geneial rule, are heads of families and in\\npossession of sufficient means to at on.-e begin farming operations.\\nThe New England states, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Wis-\\nconsin, Iowa, and Illinois, are all supplying their contingent toward the\\nbuilding up of this, the strongest child of the Union; Canadians are cross-\\ning the International boundary line in such vast numbers as to have fairly\\nstartled that country and the matter of loss of population, through emi-\\ngration to Dakota, has become a subject of inquiry by the Provincial Gov-\\nernment.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This statement of the Government lands entered, is compiled fr. m the re-\\nports of the Commissioner of the General Land Office; is accurate, and, is valuable as\\nshowing the relative growth of the Territory, by seasons. Rut. it must be remembered\\nthat the actual area acquired by settlement will not agree with the total number of acres\\nentered, as given above, for the reason that some entries are relinquished, contested\\nand le-entered many times, before an absolute title obtains. This will explain the ap-\\nparent discrepancy between the lotal number of acres entered, as stated here, and the\\nactual number of acres acquired, as ascertained from the Laud Office records.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n277\\nAREA ACQUIRED BY SETTLEMENT, IN DAKOTA,\\nFrom 1S76 to 1881, inclusive, as compared with the total area of some of the l ates.\\nRank. States.\\nArea, Acres\\n23 STRICT OF COLUMBIA\\n1\\n38,400\\n2fc RHODE ISLAND,\\n694,400\\n31 DELAWARE,\\n1,254,400\\n20 CONNECTICUT,\\n3,100,800\\nL9 MAY JERSEY,\\nHH9\\n4,771,200\\nI s MASSACHUSETTS,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0rh\\n5,145,600\\n5,763.200\\n5,S46.40G\\n6,310,400\\n15.772,800\\n18 MAINE,\\n19.132.800\\n12 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\nWEBBSk 19,308,800\\nSHSSHB\\n22,982,400\\nKENTUCKY. ^H^^BHHHHH\\nBH9H 25.600.000\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0iHHI\\nHHH 25,680.000\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a09HHHHHHS\\nWE MBBB8M 26,086,000\\nHII^BRSSHHfiBI\\nWBSRBBk 26.720,000\\nPENNSYLVANIA\\n5 LOUISIANA,\\n4 MISSISSIPPI.\\nNEW YORK,\\n2 N. CAROLINA\\n1~D A K OTA,\\nS.790.400\\nil))i c domain taken n\\nI -32,0 00,000\\nF six yea\u00c2\u00bbrs from and\\nArea of the p\\nincluding 1881.\\nThe emigration agents of the great railway corporations traversing the\\nNorthwest, estimate that fully 70,000 European emigrants, hailing\\nfrom Scandinavia, Great Britain, and the German Empire, (including the\\nMennonites, who are of German extraction,) in the order named, will\\nhave been divided between Minnesota and Dakota during the present\\nseason.\\nThe farming lands of the Territory are passing into the hands of actual\\nsettlers at the rate of nearly 4,000,000 acres each year. As has been shown,\\nthe Government now has at its disposal but 23,811,445 acres of the 96,-\\n596,480, comprising the entire area of the Territory, or about twenty-five\\nper cent. He who can read the signs should profit thereby. You are\\noffered to-day a free home on the finest lands in the gift of the Govern-\\nment and with it all that the word home implies. To-day you are\\ngiven the advantage of 24,000,000 acres from which to make your selection.\\nAnother year and the opportunity is forever past.", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "278 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMANUFACTORIES.\\nAn effort was made, by this office, to obtain a complete list of the manu-\\nfactories established in the Territory, which would show the varied in-\\nterests covered, the amount of capital invested, etc., but it has been im-\\npossible to get returns of the blanks sent out. So far as could be ascer-\\ntained, there are in Dakota: twenty-nine brick-yards; sixteen brewer-\\nies; seven blank-book makers; six bottling- works; four boiler-shops; five\\nbroom-factories; twenty-six creameries; thirty-three cigar-factories; six\\ncheese factories; one cornice-worts; one cracker factory; three coal\\nmines; 114 flour-mills; thirty-two feevi-mills; eight flax and tow-mills;\\nseven foundries; one grain separator manufactory; 582 grain elevators;\\nthree gas works; four marble works; seventeen ore-reducing works; five\\npacking houses; three plow factories; five planing mills; two pop fac-\\ntories; one plaster of Paris works; one paint factory; one stone polishing\\nworks; four sash and door factories; one spark-arrester manufactory; one\\nshingle-mill; one soap works: twelve saw-mills; one shirt factory; 104\\nwagon and carriage factories; five wood- working establishments; one\\nwoolen-mill and one vinegar works, representing a total capital invested\\nof over $11,000,000.\\nPOST OFFICES.\\nDakota is credited, in the official reports of the Postmaster General,\\nwith a greater number of post-offices than either the state of Maryland,\\nSouth Carolina, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Florida, or Louisiana; twice\\nthe number in either Vermont, New Hampshire, Oregon, Colorado, or\\nConnecticut; eight times more than Nevada, Delaware, or Rhode\\nIsland, and more than in the territories of Alaska, Wyoming, Arizona,\\nIdaho, New Mexico, and Utah combined.\\nJanuary 1, 1887, there were, in the Territory, seven postoffices of the\\nsecond class, and thirty-nine offices of the third class a number equal to,\\nor exceeding, that in twenty-three states; 950 fourth class offices or a\\ngreater number than in any one of fourteen states; and 134 money-order\\noffices, which exceeds the record of twenty-four states.\\nIn three cities, viz.: Sioux Falls, Huron, and Fargo, the free delivery\\nsystem has been established.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n279\\nNUMBER OF POSTOFFICES IN DAKOTA, COMPARED WITH EACH STATE AND TERRITORY.\\nRank. States.\\n49 ALASKA.\\n48 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,\\n47 RHODE ISLAND.\\n40 DELAWARE,\\n4) WYOMING TER.\\n87 WASHINGTON TEH.\\n36 CONNECTICUT*,\\n17 WISCONSIN,\\n16 GEORGIA,\\n15 ALABAMA\\n14 IOWA,\\nI MICHIGAN,\\n12 KANSAS,\\nII KENTUCKY\\n10 TEXAS,\\nNORTH CAROLINA\\no ILLINOIS\\nNumber\\n120\\n132\\n135\\n44 NEVADA,\\nB\\n137\\n43 ARIZONA,\\n141\\n4:3 INDIAN TER.,\\nHB\\n177\\n41 IDAHO.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a09\\n204\\n40 NEW MEXK 0,\\nmH\\n208\\n39 IT A II.\\nH9\\n238\\n38 MONTANA.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0HI\\n257\\n406\\n1.679\\n1,760\\ni,8-;\\n1,.875\\n1,924\\n1,948\\n2,085\\n2,092\\n1 PENN.,\\n4,050", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "280 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGOVERNMENT LANDS IN DAKOTA.\\nthe manner of proceeding to obtain title to public lands, undeb the\\npbe-emption, homestead, and other laws.\\n(Compiled from a circular issued by the General Land Office, Washingtou.)\\nOf agricultural public lands in Dakota, there are two classes the one\\nclass at $1.25 per acre, which is designated as minimum, and the other at\\n$2.50 per acre, or double minimum. The latter class consists of tracts em-\\nbraced within the even numbered sections of land reserved to the United\\nStates in the acts of Congress making grants of the odd-numbered sec-\\ntions, extending forty miles on either side of the line of the Northern\\nPacific railroad, to aid in its construction through the Territory such re-\\nserved sections being doubled in price. Title to public lands may be ac-\\nquired by virtue of the pre-emption, homestead, timber-culture, and\\nother land laws.\\nPre-emption. The pre-emption privilege is restricted to heads of fami-\\nlies, widows, or single persons, (male or female,) over the age of twenty-\\none, who are citizens of the United States, or who have declared their in-\\ntentions to become citizens, as required by the naturalization laws; an\\nactual inhabitant of the tract claimed and not the proprietor of 320 acres\\nof land in any state or territory.\\nA person who has removed from lands of his own to reside on public\\nland, in the same state or territory, or who has previously exercised his\\npre-emption right, is not a qualified pre-emptor.\\nAll the vacant Government lands in Dakota are subject to pre-emption,\\nthe maximum amount of land that can be taken under this privilege being\\n160 acres, for which the pre-emptor must pay the United States for the\\nsame $1.25 per acre, or, if the tract be within the limits of the Northern\\nPacific land grant, $2.50 per acre, at the times and places provided by law.\\nLands included in any reservation, or within the limits of an incorpor-\\nated town, or selected as the site of a city or town, or actually settled, and\\noccupied for purposes of trade and business, and not for agriculture, or on\\nwhich there are known salines or minerals, are not subject to pre-emption.\\nThe declaratory statement of the pre-emptor must be filed within three", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 281\\nmonths from date of settlement, failing to file which, within the time pre-\\nscribed, makes the land liable to the claim of an adverse settler, who does\\nfile notice of his intention at the proper time. The land-office fee for fil-\\ning a declaratory statement is $2.00.\\nWhen settlement is made on unsurveyed lands, no definite proceedings\\ncan be had as to the completion of the title until the surveys are extended\\nover the land and officially returned to the district land offices. Within\\nthree months after the date of the receipt at the district land office of the\\napproved plat of the township embracing their claims, settlers are re-\\nquired to file their declaratory statements with the register and, within\\nthirty months from the expiration of said three months, to make proof and\\npayment for the tract.\\nPre-emption filings may be relinquished by the claimants, in writing,\\nfiled with the register and receiver of the proper district land office, or\\nthe relinquishment may be executed by the claimant on the back of the\\ndeclaratory statement receipt.\\nA pre-emption filing can be made only by an actual settler on the\\nland, a filing without settlement being illegal, no rights being acquired\\nthereby. The existence of a pre-emption filing on a tract of land does\\nnot prevent another filing to be made of the same land, subject to any\\nvalid rights acquired by virtue of the former filing and actual settlement,\\nif any. Proof and payment must be made within thirty-three months\\nfrom date of settlement, and may be made at the expiration of six\\nmonths of actual settlement and improvement. A failure to make proof\\nand payment as prescribed by law, renders the land subject to appropria-\\ntion by the first legal applicant, and the requirements of actual inhabi-\\ntancy and improvement must be observed strictly.\\nFailure to inhabit and improve the land in good faith, as required by\\nlaw, renders the claim subject to contest and the entry to investigation\\nand cancellation.\\nFinal proof in pre-emotion cases must be made to the satisfaction of\\nthe register and receiver, whose decision, as in other cases, is subject to\\nexamination and review by the General Land Office.\\nThe final affidavit must be made before the register or receiver, or be-\\nfore the clerk of the court of record in the county, where the land is situ-\\nated. If in an unorganized county, the proof may be made in a similar\\nmanner, in an adjacent county of the Territory. The pre-emptor must ac-\\ncompany his notice to make proof, with the names and residences of at\\nleast two witnesses, by whom the necessary facts as to settlement, resi-\\ndence, and cultivation, etc., are to be established, and a deposit of sufficient\\nmoney to pay the cost of publishing, when the register will publish such\\nnotice once each week, for a period of thirty days, in the newspaper pub-\\nlished nearest the land in question. The pre-emptor is required to make\\noath that he has not previously exercised his pre-emptiom right; that he\\nis not the owner of 820 acres of land; that he has not settled upon andim-", "height": "4129", "width": "2494", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "282 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nproved the land to sell on speculation, but in good faith to appropriate it\\nto his own exclusive use; that he has not made any contract or agreement,\\ndirectly or indirectly, in any way or manner, with any person whom-\\nsoever, by which the title he may acquire from the United States, shall\\ninure in whole or in part, to the benefit of any person except himself.\\nAny person swearing falsely, forfeits all right to the land and to the jmrchase\\nmoney paid, besides being liable to prosecution under the criminal laws of\\nthe United States.\\nHomestead. The homestead right, like a pre-emption, is limited, as the\\nmaximum quantity, to 160 acres of the public lands. To obtain a home-\\nstead the party must, in connection with his application, make an affidavit\\nbefore the register or receiver, that he is over the age of twenty- one, or\\nthe head of a family; that he is a citizen of the United States, or has de-\\nclared his intention to become such; and that the entry is made for his\\nexclusive use and benefit, and for actual settlement and cultivation: and\\nmust pay the legal fee, and that part of the commission which is payable\\nwhen the entry is made. Where a wife has been divorced from, or de-\\nserted by her husband, so that she is dependent on her own resources\\nfor support, if in iact the head of a family, she can make a homestead en-\\ntry as such.\\nUpon faithful observance of the law, in regard to settlement and culti-\\nvation, for the continuous term of five years, and at the expiration of that\\ntime, or within two years thereafter, upon proper proof to the satisfaction\\nof the land officers, and payment to The receiver of that part of the com-\\nmission remaining to be paid, the receiver issuing his receipt therefor, the\\nregister will issue his certificate, and make proper returns as a basis of a\\npatent or complete title for the homestead. Upon the expiration of the\\ntime required by law for occupancy and cultivation, the party desiring to\\nmake final proof, must first file with the register of the proper land office,\\na written notice of his intention to do so. Such notice must describe the\\nland claimed, and the claimant must give the names and residence of the\\nwitnesses by whom the necessary facts as to settlement, residence, culti-\\nvation, etc., are to be established.\\nIf the homestead settler does not wish to remain five years on this tract,\\nthe law permits him to pay cash for it, ($2.50 per acre if within the North-\\nern Pacific railroad grant, and $1. 25 if outside,) upon making proof of settle-\\nment and cultivation, for a period of not less than six months from the\\ndate of entry to the time of payment. This is termed commuting a home-\\nstead entry.\\nA pre-emption settler may change his filing into a homestead, if he con-\\ntinues, in good faith, to comply with the pre-emption laws until the change\\nis effected, and the time he has resided on the land as a pre-emptor, will\\nbe credited upon the period of residence and cultivation required under\\nthe homestead laws.\\nThe land- office fees and commissions for a homestead entry payable\\nwhen application is made, are as follows:", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "RE80UKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFor minimum land,being the land For double minimum land, being\\noutside of any railroad grant. the land within the Northern\\nPacific railroad grrant.\\nFor 160acres,fees 114.00 For 100 acres, fees Sis. 00\\nFor SO acres, fees 7.00 For SO acres, fees 9.00\\nFor 40 acres, fees 0.00 For 40 acres, fees 7.00\\nWhen a person desires to enter a tract of land, under the homestead\\nlaw upon which he has not established a residence and made improve-\\nments, he must appear personally at the district land office and present\\nhis application, and must make the required affidavit before the register\\nand receiver.\\nHe must then establish his actual residence (in a house) upon the\\nland within six months from date of entry, and must reside upon the land\\ncontinuously for the period prescribed by law.\\nThe homestead affidavit can be made before the clerk of the county\\ncourt only in cases where the family of the applicant, or some member\\nthereof, is actually residing on the land which he desires to enter,\\nand on which he has made bona fide improvements, and settlement, and\\nwhen he is prevented by reason of distance, bodily infirmity, or other\\ngood cause, from personal attendance at the district land office.\\nIn such cases the applicant must state in a supplemental affidavit the\\nfacts of such settlement, improvement, and residence; when acts of set-\\ntlement have been performed, and when made; the nature, extent and\\nvalue of the improvements; time such residence has been maintained,\\nand the cause, specifically, why the applicant cannot appear at the loca\\noffice.\\nA false oath taken before a clerk of a court is perjury, the same as if\\ntaken before the register or receiver.\\nThe period of actual inhabitancy, improvement, and cultivation required\\nunder the homestead law is five years.\\nIn case of the death of a homestead party, before making final proof,\\nthe widow succeeds co the homestead right.\\nIn case of the death of both father and mother, the right and fee inure\\nto the minor children if any.\\nA homestead right cannot be devised away from the widow or minor\\nchildren.\\nA homestead settler on unsurveyed public land not yet open to entry,\\nmust make entry within three months after the filing of the township\\nplat of survey in the district land office.\\nHomestead claims may be relinquished in the same manner as pre-\\nemption claims. In case of the loss of the duplicate receipt an affidavit\\nof such loss must accompany the written relinquishment.\\nSoldiers Homesteads. A Union soldier or sailor of the late war is enti-\\ntled to a deduction from the five years of the length of time, (not exceed-", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "284 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ning four years,) of his military service. But the soldier, (or his widow, as\\nthe case may be,) must actually reside on the land at least one year be-\\nfore final proof can be made.\\nIn the case of the death of the soldier, and the death or re-marriage of\\nthe widow, the minor children of the soldier, by a duly appointed guard-\\nian, are entitled to the privileges of the father.\\nNeither the guardian nor the minor children are required to reside upon\\nthe land, but the same must be cultivated and improved for the period\\nof time during which the father would have been required to reside upon\\nthe tract.\\nThe soldier may file a declaratory statement for a tract of land which he\\nintends to enter under the homestead laws. The fee is $2.00.\\nThis statement may be filed either personally or by an agent, and the\\nsoldier is thereafter allowed six months within which to make his entry,\\nand commence his settlement and improvements. The entry can be made\\nonly by the soldier in person, at the local land office, and he must com-\\nmence his settlement on the land within six months after his filing, and\\nmust continue to reside on the land and cultivate it for such a period as,\\nadded to his military service, will make five years. But he must actually\\nreside upon the land at least one year, whatever may have been the\\nperiod of his military service.\\nEntries cannot be made for a soldier by an agent or attorney.\\nAfter a declaratory statement has once been filed, whether by an agent\\nor otherwise, the soldier cannot file again. His rights are exhausted by\\nthe first filing, and if he does not, within six months, make his personal\\nentry at the land office, and commence his settlement as required bylaw,\\nhe obtains no right to the land. A soldier s homestead declaratory state-\\nment for a tract of land does not prevent anybody else from making an\\nentry of the same land, subject to such right as the soldier may acquire\\nby virtue of actual residence on the land and full compliance with the law.\\nIf the soldier does not establish his residence on the tract as required,\\nthe next comer may take the land. Soldiers are not entitled to land, or\\nto bounty land warrants, for their military services in the late war; nor\\ncan title to land be obtained for them by agents or attorneys. All repre-\\nsentations to the contrary are false, and soldiers and sailors are warned\\nagainst imposition by parties who offer to locate land for them, or to sell\\ntheir rights.\\nFinal Proof. A settler desiring to make final proof on his homestead,\\nmust file with the register of the proper land office, a written notice, in\\nthe prescribed form, of his intention so to do, which notice will be pub-\\nlished by the register in a newspaper to be by him designated, nearest\\nthe land office, once a week for six weeks, at the applicant s expense.\\nApplicants should commence to make their proofs in sufficient time, so\\nthat the same may be completed and filed in the local office within the\\nstatutory period of seven years from date of entry.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 285\\nThe final affidavits and proof should be made before the register or re-\\nceiver, but may be made before the judge, or in his absence, before the\\nclerk of a court of record in the county and district of the Territory ;n\\nwhich the land is situated. If in an unorganized county, the proof may\\nbe made in a similar manner in any adjacent organized county. When\\nproof is made before the county officers mentioned, the same must be\\ntransmitted by the judge or clerk of the court to the register and receiver,\\ntogether with the same fees and commissions that the land officers would\\nhave been entitled to receive if the proof had been made before them,\\nand the testimony reduced to writing by them.\\nThe land office commissions for the homestead entry, payable at time\\nof making final proof, are as follows\\nFor minimum land, being land out- j For double minimum land, being\\nside of any railroad grant. the land within the Northern\\nPacific railroad grant.\\nFor 160 acres, fees $4.00 For 160 acres, fees $8.00\\nFor 80 acres, fees 2.00 j For 80 acres, fees 4.00\\nFor 40 acres, fees 1.00 For 40 acres, fees... 2.00\\nThe fee for reducing testimony to writing, in making final proof in Da-\\nkota, is fifteen cents for each 100 words. No other land office fees than\\nthose stated are payable or allowable in homestead cases.\\nCommuted Homesteads.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Homestead entries can be commuted to cash\\nonly after actual inhabitancy of the land by the homestead party, and his\\nimprovement and cultivation of it, for a period of not less than six\\nmonths.\\nA person who commutes a homestead entry cannot move from that tract\\nand settle upon other public land in the Territory as a pre-emptor.\\nProof of settlement and cultivation for the prescribed period, must be\\nmale in the same manner as in pre-emption cases.\\nA person commuting a homestead entry when he has not actually re-\\nsided upon the land, and improved and cultivated it, as required by law,\\nforfeits all right to the land and to the purchase money paid, and in ad-\\ndition thereto, renders himself liable to criminal prosecution.\\nHie Timber Culture Act. A timber culture applicant is required to make\\noath that his entry is made for the cultivation of timber, and for his own\\nexclusive use and benefit; that he makes the application in good faith,\\nand not for the purpose of speculation, nor directly or indirectly for the\\nuse or benefit of any other person or persons whomsoever; and that he\\nintends to hold and cultivate the land, and to wholly comply with the pro-\\nvisions of the act.\\nClaimants under the timber culture act will be held to strict compliance\\nwith the terms and conditions of the law.\\nNot more than one-quarter of any one section can be entered under this\\nact.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "286 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nWhere 160 acres are taken, at least five acres must be plowed within\\none year from the date of entry. The following or second year, said five\\nacres must be actually cultivated .to crop or otherwise, and another five,\\nacres must be plowed. The third year, the first five acres must be planted\\nto trees, tree seeds or cuttings, and the second five acres actually culti-\\nvated to crop or otherwise. The fourth year the second five acres must\\nbe planted to trees, tree seeds or cuttings, making, at the end of the\\nfourth year, ten acres thus planted to trees.\\nPerfect good faith must at all times be shown by claimants. Trees\\nmust not only be planted, but they must be protected and cultivated in\\nsuch manner as to promote their growth.\\nFinal proof may be made at the expiration of eight years from date of\\nentry. It must be shown that for the said eight years the trees have\\nbeen planted, protected and cultivated as aforesaid; that not less than\\n2,700 trees were planted on each of the ten acres, and that at the time of\\nmaking proof there are growing at least 675 living, thrifty trees to each\\nacre or 6,750 in all.\\nWhere less than one quarter-section of land is entered the same pro-\\nportionate amount of plowing, planting and cultivation of trees must be\\ndone as required in entries of 160 acres.\\nIf the trees, seeds, or cuttings are destroyed in any one year, they must\\nbe replanted. A party will not be released from a continual attempt to\\npromote the actual growth of timber or forest trees. A failure in this re-\\nspect will subject the entry to cancellation.\\nOnly an applicant for the land under the timber culture or homestead\\nlaws, can institute a contest under the third section of the act of 1878.\\nContestants have a preference right of thirty days after cancellation in\\nwhich to make entry of the land.\\nThe Government will, at any period, upon proper application to contest,\\nor upon its own information, investigate alleged fraudulent or illegal tim-\\nber culture entries, or alleged failure to comply with the law after entry,\\nand such entries will be canceled upon sufficient proof, either of illegality\\nor failure to comply with the law.\\nThe character of the trees should be such as are recognized in the\\nneighborhood as of value for timber, or for commercial purposes, or for\\nfirewood and domestic use. In all cases under this act, it is required that\\ntrees shall be cultivated, which shall come within the term timber, as de-\\nfined above; the cultivation of shrubbery and fruit trees not being suffi-\\ncient.\\nThe local land office fee for a timber culture entry of more than eighty\\nacres, is \u00c2\u00a714.00; for eighty acres or less, $9.00.\\nRelinquishment. When a pre-emption, homestead, or timber culture\\nclaimant, has filed a written relinquishment of his claim in the land office,\\nthe land covered by such claim is held as open to settlement and enfay\\nwithout further action on the part of the Commissioner of the General\\nLand Office.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 287\\nA settler can obtain 1(50 acres under each one of the laws named; 480\\nacres in all. He cannot obtain all of these claims at once,, because the\\nconditions under which he acquires the pre-emption and homestead\\nclaims require his actual settlement upon them, and it is, of course, impos-\\nsible to live in more than one place at a time. Applications may be filed\\nfor pre-emption and a timber culture tract at once, as the latter does not\\nrequire actual residence; then, -after six months, he may pay in full for\\nhis pre-emption, and immediately take and occupy a homestead.\\nOccasional temporary absence from a homestead or pre-emption will not\\nimperil the claims, if the fact of urgent necessity is established when proof\\nis made.\\nSettlers are permitted to take from vacant public lands, the timber nec-\\nessary for ordinary improvements on their claims, and wood to be used\\nfor their own domestic purposes. This permission does not cover wood\\nor timber taken for sale or speculation.\\nThere s room enough in Dakota for a few million more good, honest,\\nhard-working tillers of the soil, and a cordial hand of welcome is out-\\nstretched to greet the new comer who accepts the invitation to share in\\nour prosperity.\\nDakota contains 90, 590,480 acres\u00e2\u0080\u0094 being larger than any state or territory\\nin the Union, if we except Texas and California. Including the Indian\\nreservations, 50,058,550 acres remain unoccupied. This area would furnish\\nfarms of 100 acres each, to more than 300,000 families, or two million souls.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "2SS\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGOVERNMENT SURVEYS.\\nEXPLANATION OF THE METHOD OF MARKING LAND BY CORNER POSTS, CORNER\\nSTONES, ETC.\\nThe public lands are surveyed into townships, six miles square, arid\\neach township is sub-divided into thirty-six sections, containing (except*\\ning the tier of sections on the. northern and western boundaries,) exactly\\n640 acres. The sections on the north and west boundaries of a township\\nare fractional, containing sometimes more, sometimes less than 640 acres,\\nand the subdivisions of these fractional sections are designated lots,*and\\nare numbered in each section from one upward. A township contains\\nabout 23,040 acres of land.\\nThe sections in each township are numbered, beginning at the north-\\neast corner, from one to thirty-six inclusive, as shown on the diagram of\\na township plat below.\\nSections sixteen and thirty-six of every township in the Territory, are\\nreserved for school purposes, and are not subject to entry. Each section\\nof land is subdivided into four quarter-sections, containing 100 acres, and\\neach quarter is designated either the northeast, southeast, northwest, or\\nsouthwest quarter, as it indicates one of the points of the compass named.\\nThese quarter-sections are again subdivided, in the manner just described,\\ninto sixteenths of a section, containing forty acres each.\\nSee section nine of the diagram, below.\\nA TOWNSHIP.\\nNorth\\nG\\n4\\nii w ne\\n2\\n1\\n7\\n8\\nSV9 SO\\n10\\n11\\n12\\n18\\n17\\n16\\n15\\n11\\n18\\n10\\n20\\n2]\\n22\\n28\\n24\\nSO\\n29\\n28\\n27\\n26\\n25\\n31\\n82\\n33\\n34\\n85\\n36\\nSouth\\nTownships are num-\\nbered as they are north\\nor south of a base line,\\nand east or west of a\\nprincipal meridian. For\\ninstance, 3 S, means a\\nthird township south of\\nthe base line, while 6 N,\\nwould indicate a sixth\\ntownship north, and so\\non. 7W, means a town-\\nship in the seventh tier\\nof townships west of the\\nprincipal meridian, while\\n19 E, would refer to the\\nnineteenth tier of town-\\nships east. etc. The", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "RESOURCESOF DAKOTA. 28\\nGovernrnenl surveys in Dakota are, (except lands in the Black Hills,)\\nnumbered in townships from 89 to L64 inclusive, north from a hast; line\\nsurveyed through the Washita mountains, about six miles south of Little\\nRock, Arkansas, and in ranges from 47 to 107 inclusive, west of the 5th\\nprincipal meridian, which passes over the western part of the state of\\nWisconsin.\\nIn the Black Hills the townships are numbered as] lying north or south\\nof the Black Hills base line, and in ranges east, of the^Black Hills me-\\nridian.\\nThe following extracts from (lie Manual published by (Ik; Government\\nfor the instruction of surveyors of public lands, illustrate the manner of\\ndesignating corners by posts, stones, etc.\\nWhere a township post is a corner common to four townships, it is to be\\nset in the earth diagonally, thus:\\nOn each surface of the post is to be\\nmarked the number of the particular\\ntownship and its range, which it faces.\\nThus, if the post be a common boun-\\nto four townships, say 1 and\\nsouth of the base line, of range\\nof the meridian; also, to\\nV\\nN\\nPost.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009edary\\nWest\\nr\\ntownships 1 and 2, south of\\nbase line, of range 2, west of\\nmeridian, it is to be marked thus:\\nthe\\nthe\\nFrom N. to E\\nFromN. to \\\\V\\nFrom E.\\n-F i\\ns\\nn. i w\\nS. 31\\n2 W. f2W.\\n1 S. From W. to H.\\\\ 2 S.\\n36 J (l J\\nThese marks are not only to be distinctly, but neatly cut into the weed\\nst the eighth of an inch deep; and to make them yet more conspicu-\\nous to the eye of the anxious explorer, the deputy must apply to all of\\nthem a streak of red chalk.\\nSection, or mile-posts, being corners of sections, and where such are\\ncommon to four sections, are to be set diagonally in the earth (in the\\nmanner provided for township corner posts,) and on each side of the\\nsquared surfaces (made smooth, as aforesaid, to receive the mark,) is to\\nbe marked the appropriate number of the particular one of the four sec-\\ntions, respectively, which such side faces; also, on one side thereof are to\\nbe marked the numbers of town ship and\\nrange; and to make such marks yet more\\nconspicuous in manner aforesaid, a\\nstreak of red chalk is to be applied.\\nOpposite is represented a corner\\nPit.\\nmound common to two townships or \\\\y\\ntwo sections only.\\nIn every township, subdivided into\\nthirty-six sections, there are twenty-\\nfive interior section coiners, each of\\nwhich will be common to four sections.\\nPost.\\nPit.\\n(10)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "290 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nA quarter section, or half-mile post, is to have no other mark on it than\\nS., to indicate what it stands for.\\nTownship corner posts, common to four townships, are to be notched\\nwith six notches on each of the four angles of the squared part set to the\\ncardinal points.\\nAll mile posts on township lines must have as many notches on them,\\non two opposite angles thereof, as they are miles distant from the town-\\nship corners, respectively. .Each of the posts at the corners of sections in\\nthe interior of a township must indicate by a number of notches on each\\nof its four corners directed to the cardinal points, the corresponding num-\\nber of miles that it stands from the outlines of the township (a). The\\nfour sides of the post will indicate .the number of the section they respec-\\ntively face.\\nWhere it is deemed best to use stones for boundaries, in lieu of posts,\\nsurveyors may, at any corner, insert endwise into the ground, to the\\ndepth of seven or eight inches, a stone, the number of cubic inches in\\nwhich shall not be less than the number contained in a stone fourteen\\ninches long, twelve inches wide, and three inches thick equal to 504\\ncubic inches the edges of w T hich must be set north and south, on north\\nand south lines, and east and west, on east and west lines; the dimensions\\nof each stone to be given in the field-notes at the time of establishing the\\ncorner. The kind of stone should also be stated.\\nMARKING CORNER STONES.\\nStones at township corners, common to four townships, must have six\\nnotches, cut with a pick or chisel on each edge or side toward the car-\\ndinal points; and w-here used as section corners on the range and town-\\nship lines, or as section corners in the interior of a township, they will\\nalso be notched, to correspond with the directons given for notching\\nposts similarly situated.\\nPosts or stones at township corners on the base and standard lines, and\\nwhich are common to two townships on the north side thereof, will have\\nsix notches on each of the west, north, and east sides or edges; and where\\nsuch stones or posts are set for corners to two townships south of the base\\nor standard, six notches will be cut on each of the west, south, and east\\nsides or edges.\\nStones, when used for quarter section corners, will have cut on them\\non the west side on north and south lines, and on the north side on east\\nand west lines.\\n(o) Only on two edges, in surveys made since 1864.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 291\\nLAND DISTRICTS.\\nThe Territory is divided into ten land districts, the boundaries of which\\nare shown on the land-district maps issued by this office. These maps are\\nmailed, free, to any address, on receipt of application.\\nThe location of land offices, the names of registers and receivers, and the\\nnumber of acres remaining vacant in each district, on the first of June,\\n18S7, as ascertained from the records and plat-books on file in the\\nvarious offices, are given below:\\nABERDEEN LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Aberdeen, Brown county; N. H. Harris, register; L. A. Burke,\\nreceiver.\\nCounties. Acres. I Counties. Acres.\\nWalworth 111,210 Dickey 19,840\\nEdmunds 104,940 j Mcintosh 77,124\\nCampbell 146,880 Emmons 57.580\\nivicPherson 285,209\\nTotal 802,873\\nBISMARCK LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Bismarck, Burleigh county; John A. Rea, register; D. W.\\nHutchinson, receiver.\\nCounties. Acres. Counties. Acres.\\nMcintosh 213,760 McLean 112,040\\nEmmons 31 r ercer\\nLogan 202,240 Dunn\\nMorton 768,000 McKenzie 368,640\\nHettinger 614,400 Stevens 052,800\\nBowman 337,620 Ward 701,000\\nBillings 1,240.000 Renville 1.0-14,480\\nStark fountraille\\nOliver 174,080 Flannery 1,305 GOO\\nBurleigh 284,320 Buford.. 934,400\\nKidder 256,000 Wvnn* 363,640\\nStutsman 215,040 Allred 326,400\\nWells 2 McHenry 2\\nSheridan 348,100 Williams 337,920\\nWallace 164,320\\nTotal 14,281,600\\n*Note. Formerly Wynn county; now divided between Renville, Bot-\\ntineau and McHenry counties.\\nMuch of the public land in the Bismarck district is still unsurveyed.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "292\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDEADWOOD LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Deadwood, Lawrence county; J. R. Whiteside, register; John\\nLaFabre, receiver.\\nCounties.\\nFall River...\\nCuster\\nPennington\\nLawrence...\\nTotal....\\nAcres.\\n968,000\\n911,920\\n721 ,982\\n765,471\\nCounties.\\nButte\\nHarding\\nBurdick\\nEwing\\nAcres.\\n621,076\\n630,000\\n630,000\\n630,000\\n5,878,449\\nOf the above. 5 oi9.ooo a n r n S p-p\\nivvpvpd,\\n\u00c2\u00bbe^\\not -Dakota 9QsQe\\nDEVILS LAKE LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Devils Lake, Ramsey county;\\nSmith, receiver.\\nCounties. Acres.\\nEddy 42,240\\nWells 150,560\\nBenson 133,320\\nMcHenry 277,698\\nBottineau 12,320\\nH. W. Lord, register; S. S.\\nCounties. Acres.\\nRolette 249,600\\nTowner 236,400\\nChurch 22,400\\nPierce 312,560\\nRamsey 45,200\\nTotal 1,482,298", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "RESOUECES OF DAKOTA. 293\\nThere remains a large area of unsurveyed land in the Devils Lake dis-\\ntrict.\\nFARGO LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Fargo, Cass county; M. F. Battelle, register; Frank S. DeMers,\\nreceiver.\\nCounties\\nDickey\\nSargent\\nRichland-\\nRansom\\nFoster 50,440\\nEddy 35.240\\n281 i960\\nAcres. Counties. Acres.\\n70,8SO Barnes 3,680\\n5,520 Stutsman 42,560\\n13.640 Griggs 6,080\\n13,120\\nLaMoure 40,800\\nTotal\\nGRAND FORKS LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Grand Forks, Grand Forks county; B. C. Tiffany, register\\nJ. Anderson, receiver.\\nAcres.\\n25,000\\n25,000\\n64,000\\nW.\\nCounties.\\nCavalier\\nRamsey\\nNot in any county\\nCounties.\\nEddy\\nNelson\\nWalsh\\nTotal\\nOf the above amount, about 440,000 acres are unsurveyed lands.\\nIIURON LAND DISTRICT.\\nJ. S. McFarland, register; E. W. Miller\\nAcres.\\n332,000\\n194.000\\n160,000\\n800,00?\\nOffice at Huron, Beadle county:\\nAcres.\\n4.S00\\n22,320\\n20,480 I\\nCounties.\\nHand\\nSully\\nSpink\\nAcres.\\n16,480\\n12,320\\n960\\nreceiver.\\nCounties.\\nHughes\\nPotter\\nHyde\\nFaulk\\nTotal Io7,040\\n.MITCHELL LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Mitchell, Davison county; Geo. B. Eyeritt, register; Theodore\\nSingiser, receiver.\\nCounty\\nBrule\\nAcres.\\n9,600\\nWATERTOWN LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Watertown, Codington county; M. W.\\nBramble, receiver.\\nCounties. Acres.\\nMarshall 16,680\\nRoberts 2,230\\nDay 34,160\\nGrant 9,900\\nCodington\\nClark\\nSheafe, register; D. T.\\n21,480\\nCounties. Acres.\\nHamlin 2,840\\nDeuel 4,440\\nKingsbury 1,550\\nBrookings 1,865\\nSargent... 4,820\\nRichland 6,400\\nTotal:.... 112,625\\nYANKTON LAND DISTRICT.\\nOffice at Yankton, Yankton county; Hughes East, register; F. M. Zie-\\nbach, receiver.\\nCount v. Acres.\\nCharles Mix 0,000\\nGrand total vacant public lands, June 1, 1887, 23,811,445 acres.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "294 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nEXEMPTIONS.\\nUnder the laws of the Territory, the property mentioned below is abso-\\nlutely exempt from attachment, levy, and sale on execution.\\nFirst. All family pictures.\\nSecond. A pew or other sitting in any house of worship.\\nThird. A lot or lots in any burial ground.\\nFourth. The family Bible, and all school books used by the family,\\nand all other books used as a part of the family library, not exceeding in\\nvalue one hundred dollars.\\nFifth, xill wearing apparel and clothing of the debtor and his family.\\nSixth. The provisions for the debtor and his family, necessary for one\\nyear s supply, either provided or growing, or both, and fuel necessary for\\none year.\\nSeventh. The homestead, (which must not exceed one acre _if within a\\ntown plat, and 160 acres if not,) as created and denned by law.\\nIn addition to the property mentioned in the preceding section, the\\ndebtor may, by himself or his agent, select from all other of his personal\\nproperty, not absolutely exempt, goods, chattels, merchandise, money, or\\nother personal property, not to exceed in the aggregate fifteen hundred\\ndollars in value, which is also exempt, and must be chosen and appraised\\nas provided by law.\\nInstead of the exemption granted as last above explained, the debtor\\nmay select and choose the following property, jwbich shall then be ex-\\nempt, namely:\\nFirst. All miscellaneous books and musical instruments for the use of\\nthe family, not exceeding five hundred dollars in value.\\nSecond. All household and kitchen furniture, including beds, bedsteads\\nand bedding used by the debtor and his family, not exceeding five hun-\\ndred dollars in value. And in case the debtor shall own more than five\\nhundred dollars worth of such property, he must select therefrom such\\narticles to the value of five hundred dollars, leaving the remainder sub-\\nject to legal process.\\nThird. Three cows, ten swine, one yoke of cattle, and two horses or", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 295\\nmules, or two yoke of cattle, or two span of horses or mules, one hundred\\nsheep, and their lambs under six months old, and all wool of the same,\\nand all cloth or yarn manufactured therefrom, the necessary food for the\\nanimals hereinbefore mentioned for one year, either provided or grow-\\ning, or both, as the debtor may choose, also one wagon, one sleigh, two\\nplows, one harrow, and farming utensils, including tackle for teams,\\nnot exceeding three hundred dollars in value.\\nFourth. The tools and implements of any mechanic, whether a minor\\nor of age, used and kept for the purpose of carrying on his trade or busi-\\nness, and, in addition thereto, stock in trade not exceeding two hundred\\ndollars in value. The library and instruments of any professional person,\\nnot exceeding six hundred dollars in value.\\nEXE.MTT FROM TAXATION.\\nThe following classes of property are exempt from taxation:\\nFirst. The property of the United States and of this Territory, includ-\\ning school lands.\\nSecond. The property of a county, incorporated city or village, or school\\ndistrict, when devoted to public use, and not held or used for pecuniary\\nprofit.\\nThird. Public grounds, by whomsoever devoted to the public use, and\\nincluding all places set apart for the burial of the dead.\\nFourth. The engine and implements used for the extinguishing of fires,\\nwith the grounds used exclusively for their buildings, and for the meet-\\nings of tire companies.\\nFifth. The grounds and buildings of library, scientific, educational,\\nbenevolent, and religious institutions, colleges or, societies devoted solely\\nto the appropriate object of those institutions, not exceeding ten acres in\\nextent, and not leased or otherwise used with a view to pecuniary profit.\\nSixth. The books, papers, furniture, scientific, or other apparatus, per-\\ntaining to the above institutions, and used solely for the purpose above\\ncontemplated, and the like property of students in any such institutions,\\nused for the purpose of their education.\\nSeventh. Moneys and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions,\\nand devoted solely to sustaining them, but not to exceed in amount of\\ntotal valuation, aside from the property of students, as above mentioned,\\nthe sum prescribed in their charter or act of incorporation.\\nEighth. All animals, except horses, neat cattle, mules and asses, sheep\\nand swine.\\nNinth. Private libraries, not exceeding \u00c2\u00a3100 in value.\\nTenth. Family pictures.\\nEleventh. The household furniture of each family, together with the\\nbeds and bedding thereof, and all wearing apparel of every person and\\nfamily, actually used for wearing, not to exceed in valuation \u00c2\u00a7200.\\nTwelfth. All food and fuel, provided in kind, not to exceed provision\\nfor one year s time; provided, that no person from whom a compensation", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "296 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nfor board or lodging is received, or expected, shall be considered a mem-\\nber of a family within the intent and meaning of this chapter.\\nThirteen tit. The polls, or estates, or both, of persons who, by reason of\\nage or infirmity, may, in the judgment of the assessor, be unable to con-\\ntribute to the public charge, such opinion being subject to revision by the\\ncounty board of equalization.\\nFourteenth. Any one-fourth part of any quarter-section of prairie land,\\nthe same being a legal sub-division, on which five acres of timber shall\\nbe planted, either by sowing seed or by setting trees or cuttings, and the\\nsame to be kept in growing order, by cultivation, and not to be more than\\ntwelve feet apart each way, together with all improvements thereon, not\\nto exceed in value $1,000, and for a period of ten years from and after the\\nplanting of said timber; and any change of ownership of such land shall\\nin no way, affect the exemption from taxation as herein provided: Pro-\\nvided, however, that no person shall derive any of the benefits as set forth\\nin sub-division fourteen, section two, of chapter twenty-eight, of the\\npolitical code, until such person shall file an affidavit with the assessor\\nthat he has in every way complied with the requirements of the law made\\nand provided in such cases, whereupon the assessor shall make a note of\\nthe facts in his list, and shall therein state in effect the following words,\\nto-wit: Exempt from taxation by virtue of tree culture, and shall de-\\nscribe the particular tractor tracts of land so exempt.\\nFifteenth. All improvements made on real property, by setting out either\\nforest or fruit trees, shrubbery or vineyards, which shall not be consid-\\nered as increasing the value of the land for purposes of taxation.\\nSixteenth. All pensions from the United States, or from any of the states\\nof the Union.\\nS. rcnieenth. The polls of all active members in good standing of any reg-\\nularly organized fire company, not exceeding thirty in number, in cities\\nor towns of more than 500 inhabitants, and not exceeding fifteen in num-\\nber in towns or cities of less than 500 inhabitants; provided, that such fire\\ncompany, actually and in good faith, possess apparatus for the extinguish-\\nment of fires, exceeding $250 in value, to be determined by the assessor of\\nthe proper county.\\nEighteenth. All breaking and plowing on Government land.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 297\\nEXTRACTS FROM THE REVISED STATUTES OP THE\\nUNITED STATES.\\nNo corporation or association for religious or charitable purposes can\\nacquire or hold real estate in Dakota during the existence of the Territor-\\nial Government, of a greater value than fifty thousand dollars. [Section\\n1890 Revised Statutes.]\\nAll religious societies, sects and congregations have the right to hold\\nthrough trustees, appointed by any court exercising probate powers in the\\nTerritory, only on the nomination of the authorities of such society, sect\\nor congregation, so much real property for the erection or use of houses\\nof worship, and for such parsonages and burial grounds as shall be neces-\\nsary for the convenience and use of the several congregations of such re-\\nligious society, sect or congregation. [Act approved March 3, 1887.]\\nIt is unlawful for any person or persons, not citizens of the United\\nStates, or who have not lawfully declared their intention to become such\\ncitizens, or for any corporation not created by or under the laws of the\\nUnited States, or of some state or territory of the United States, to here-\\nafter acquire, hold, or own real estate, so hereafter acquired, or any in-\\nterest therein, in Dakota, (during the existence of the Territorial Govern-\\nment,) except such as may be acquired by inheritance, or in good faith in\\nthe ordinary course of justice in the collection of debts heretofore created.\\nNo corporation or association, more than twenty per centum of the\\nstock of which is or may be owned by any person or persons, corporation\\nor corporations, association or associations, not citizens of the United\\nStates, can hereafter acquire, or hold or own any real estate, hereafter ac-\\nquired, in Dakota, during the existencs of the Territorial Government.\\nNo corporation other than those organized for the construction or op-\\neration of railways, canals, or turnpikes, can acquire, hold or own more\\nthan five thousand acres of land, in Dakota, during the existence of the\\nTerritorial Government; and a railroad, canal and turnpike corporation\\nis restricted to the possession of only such lands as may be necessary\\nfor the proper exercise of its franchise, and the lands which may have\\nbeen granted to it by an act of Congress.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "298 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nThis prohibition does not apply to any lands now lawfully held by any\\ncorporation. [Act approved March 3, 1887.]\\nAll inclosures of any public lands, in Dakota, heretofore or hereafter\\nmade, erected or constructed by any person, party, association or corpor-\\nation, to any of which land included within the inclosure, the person,\\nparty, association, or corporation making or controlling the inclosure, had\\nno claim or color of title, made or acquired in good faith, with a view to\\nentry thereof at the proper land office, under the general laws of the\\nUnited States, at the time any such inclosure was or shall be made, are\\ndeclared to be unlawful, and the maintenance, erection, construction, or\\ncontrol of any such inclosure is forbidden and prohibited. [Act approved\\nFebruary 25, 1885.]\\nThe Legislature of Dakota shall not pass local or special laws in any of\\nthe following enumerated cases, that is to say:\\nGranting divorces.\\nChanging the names of persons or places.\\nLaying out, opening, altering, and working roads or highways.\\nVacating roads, town-plats, streets, allej^s, and public grounds.\\nLocating or changing county seats.\\nRegulating county and township affairs.\\nRegulating the practice in courts of justice.\\nRegulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police\\nmagistrates, and constables.\\nProviding for changes of venue in civil and criminal cases.\\nIncorporating cities, towns, or villages, or changing or amending the\\ncharter of any town, city, or village.\\nFor the punishment of crimes or misdemeanors.\\nFor the assessment and collection of taxes for Territorial, county, town-\\nship, or road purposes.\\nSummoning- and impaneling grand or petit jurors.\\nProviding for tne management of common schools.\\nRegulating the rate of interest on money.\\nThe opening and conducting of any election, or designating the place of\\nvoting.\\nThe sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under\\ndisability.\\nThe protection of game or fish.\\nChartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges.\\nRemitting fines, penalties, or forfeitures.\\nCreating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentage, or allowances of\\npublic officers during the term for which said officers are elected or ap-\\npointed.\\nChanging the law of descent.\\nGranting to any corporation, association, or individual the right to lay\\ndown railroad track, or amending existing charters for such purpose.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 290\\nGranting to any corporation, association, or individual, any special or\\nexclusive privilege, immunity, or franchise whatever.\\nNeither the Territory, nor any political or municipal corporation or sub-\\ndivision of the Territory, shall make any subscription to the capital stock\\nof any incorporated company, or company or association having corporate\\npowers, or in any manner loan its credit to, or use it for the benefit of any\\nsuch company or association, or borrow any money for the use of any such\\ncompany or association.\\nNo law of the Territorial Legislature shall authorize any debt to be con-\\ntracted by or on behalf of the Territory, except in the following cases:\\nTo meet a casual deficit in the revenues, to pay the interest upon the\\nTerritorial debt, to suppress iusurrections, or to provide for the public de-\\nfense, except that in addition to any indebtedness created for such pur-\\nposeg, the Legislature may authorize a loan for the erection of penal,\\ncharitable or educational institutions for the Territory, if the total indebt-\\nedness of the Territory is not thereby made to exceed one per centum\\nupon the assessed value of the taxable property, as shown by the last gen-\\neral assessment for taxation. And nothing in this act shall be construed\\nto prohibit the refunding of any existing indebtedness of the Territory,\\nor of any political or municipal corporation, county, or other sub- division\\ntherein.\\nNo political or municipal corporation, county, or other sub-division in the\\nTerritory shall become indebted in any manner, or for any purpose to any\\namount in the aggregate, including existing indebtedness, exceeding four\\nper centum on the value of the taxable property within such corporation,\\ncounty, or sub-division, to be ascertained by the last assessment for Terri-\\ntorial and county taxes previous to the incurring of such indebtedness;\\nand all bonds or obligations in excess of such amount, given by such cor-\\nporation, shall be void: That nothing is this act contained shall be so\\nconstrued as to affect the validity of any act of the Territorial Legislature\\nheretofore enacted, or of any obligations existing or contracted thereun-\\nder, nor to preclude the issuing of bonds already contracted for in pur-\\nsuance of express provisions of law; nor to prevent the Territorial Legis-\\nlature from legalizing the acts of any county, municipal corporation, or\\nsub-division of the Territory as to any bonds heretofore issued or con-\\ntracted to be issued.\\nThe Legislative assembly of the Territory shall not grant private charters\\nor special piivileges, but may, by general incorporation acts, per-\\nmit persons to associate themselves together as bodies corporate for min-\\ning, manufacturing, and other industrial pursuits, and for conducting the\\nbusiness of insurance, banks of discount and deposit, (but not of issue,)\\nloan, trust, and guarantee associations, and for the construction or opera-\\ntion of railroads, wagon roads, irrigating ditches, and the colonization and\\nimprovements of lands in connection therewith, or for colleges, semina-\\nries, churches, libraries, or any other benevolent, charitable or scientific\\nassociation.\\nThe Congress may annul any law passed by the Territorial Legislature.\\n[Act approved July 20, 188G.]", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "300 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA BANKING INSTITUTIONS.\\nINCLUDING SOME HISTORICAL SKETCHES, AND A SUMMARY OP THE COMMERCIAL\\nLAW OP THE TERRITORY.\\nIn 1869 Dakota had one bank with a capital of $1,000.\\nIn 1878 there were eleven banking institutions in the Territory, having\\nan united capital of $70,000, which was an increase in eight years of about\\n7,000 per cent, in the capital thus employed.\\nOf these eleven banks, ten were private banks, and one national; four\\nwere located in the Black Hills, one in north Dakota and six in south Da-\\nkota, including the only national bank in existenee,at that time, viz.: the\\nFirst National bank of Yankton.\\nIn 1880 the number of banks in Dakota, had increased to twenty-four,\\nand the capital employed, (including surplus fund,) to $513,579, an in-\\ncrease in two years of 120 per cent! in the number of banking institutions,\\nand of over 600 per cent, in the capital invested.\\nOf these twenty-four banks, nine private and two national banks were\\nlocated in southern Dakota; seven private and two national banks were\\nin northern Dakota, and two private and two national banks in the Black\\nHills.\\nIn 1885 the Territory had 195 banks with a combined capital and surplus\\nof $5,106,359, an increase in five years of more than 700 per cent, in the\\nnumber, and of nearly 900 per cent, in the amount of capital employed.\\nIn July, 1887, Dakota had 299 banking institutions, classified as follows:\\nNo. Capital. Surplus. Total.\\nNational banks....: 62 $3,725,000 685,650 $4,410,650\\nPrivate banks 237 3,386,105 345,832 3,731,937\\nTotals 299 $7,111,105 $1,031,482 $8,142,587\\nOf the 237 private banks, only 148 advertise their capital but estimating\\nthe capital behind the eighty-nine banks who do not publish the amount\\nemployed, as being in the same ratio as that of the banks who do, would\\nincrease the footings of the total capital invested in private banks, by\\n$1,401,394.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 301\\nFrom an official statement prepared in the office of the Secretary of the\\nTerritory, it appears that, up to July 1, 1887, forty-one mortgage and loan\\ncompanies had been incorporated. These companies have a paid up capi-\\ntal of more than $1,000,000. In addition, some ten companies, incorpor-\\nated under the laws of different states, are emplojdng about $750,000 in\\nthe mortgage and loan business, in the Territory.\\nSumming up, we find that the grand total of capital engaged in the\\nvarious branches of the banking business, throughout Dakota, amounts to\\n$11,293,981, distributed as follows:\\n237 Private banks 5,133,331\\n62 National banks 4,410,650\\n51 Mortgage and loan companies 1,750,000\\n350 $11,293,981\\nThus, we see that within the two last years there has been an increase\\nof eighty per cent, in the number of bankinginstitutions of the Territory,\\nand of 125 per cent, in the amount of capital thus employed.\\nTwenty-eight of the states, including Indiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin.,\\nTexas, Connecticut, California, and Kentucky, have a less number of\\nbanks than Dakota. The Territory has more banks than the eight states of,\\nNorth Carolina, West Virginia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas,\\nDelaware, and Nevada combined; more than twice the number that is\\ncredited to the state of Maine, New Jersey, New Hampshire, or Maryland;\\nnearly three times as many banks as Georgia, Virginia, Colorado, or Tennes-\\nsee, and more than the states of Vermont and Oregon and all the other\\nterritories of the Union put together.\\nFor the following interesting facts concerning early banking operations\\nin Dakota, we are indebted to anaddiess delivered before the last conven-\\ntion of the Dakota Bankers association, by Mr. Frank Drew, cashier of\\nthe Bank of Highmore:\\nMark M. Palmer opened the first bank in the Territory, with a capital\\nof $1,000, at Yankton, in the fall of 1869. At that time Yankton drew her\\ntrade from every section of Dakota and, as a result, the bank had a large\\nand widely distributed business with merchants, individuals, Indian\\nagents, post-traders, etc., communication with whom was carried on\\nsolely by means of the stage coach. Borrowers were then accustomed to\\nfurnish personal securities only, the chattel mortgage being an innovation\\nof latei days.\\nThe second bank was organized September 21, 1871, by V. E. Prentice,\\nat Vermilliou, under the name of the Clay County bank.\\nThe third bank to be organized was the Bank of Union County, estab^\\niished at Elk Point in the spring of 1872, by W. Hoffman.\\nThe fourth bank in the Territory was established at Yankton in the fall\\nof 1872 by P. P. Wintermute.\\nIn the winter of 1872 the First National bank of Yankton, (and the first\\nnational bank established in Dakota,) was organized.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "302 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nDAKOTA S BANKS, 1887, COMPARED WITH STATES AND OTHER TERRITORIES OF THE UNION.\\nRank. States.\\n47 ARIZONA,\\n46 NEVADA,\\nNumber.\\n10\\n45 UTAH,\\n44 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,\\n43 WYOMING TER.,\\n42 IDAHO,\\n41 NEW MEXICO,\\n40 DELAWARE,\\n!9 ARKANSAS,\\n38 LOUISIANA,\\n37 MONTANA,\\n36 WASHINGTON TER\\n35 MISSISSIPPI,\\n34 FLORIDA,\\n33 WEST VIRGINIA,\\n32 NORTH CAROLINA,\\n31 SOUTH CAROLINA,\\n30 OREGON,\\n29 ALABAMA,\\n28 VERMONT,\\n21\\n27\\n29\\n30\\n38\\n48\\n48\\n49\\n50\\n71\\n76\\n99\\n27 TENNESSEE,\\n16 CONNECTICUT,\\n103\\n105\\n107\\n112\\n115\\n117\\n121\\n141\\n180\\n192\\n204\\n15 TEXAS,\\n217\\n219\\n261\\n267\\n14 WISCONSIN.\\n13 MINNESOTA,\\n12 INDIANA,\\n11 DAKOTA,\\n10 MICHIGAN,\\n9 MISSOURI,\\n8 MASSACHUSETTS,\\n1 NEW YORK,\\n299\\n_ 386\\n391", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 303\\nBy this time the mode of doing business Lad somewhat changed and loans\\nwere now made on chattel mortgages. Dakota investments so long held\\nin doubt and suspicion, were becoming prominent and sought for. Rail-\\nroads began the extension of their lines in every direction, weaving into\\nthe present giant web the commercial interests of the Territory. Bank-\\ning interests, partaking of the general growth and prosperity of Dakota,\\nespecially during the period since 1SS0, have increased in number and the\\nscope of their business, until today we are enabled to make the marvelous\\nshowing just detailed.\\nThe business of real estate loans, which in early years was but small\\nhas grown to vast proportions and is now handled by fifty-one incorpor-\\nated companies.\\nThe treasurer of one of the leading Dakota loan and trust companies\\nsays: The/volume of this Western nio:tgage business is very great, as\\nindicated by the fact that in all cities, and in almost every town and vil-\\nlage of the Middle and Eastern states, innumerable agents are engaged in\\nnegotiating Western mortgages. As indicative of the magnitude the bus-\\niness has assumed in some of the largest cities of the East, it may be\\nstated, for example, that in Boston more than fifty Western farm mort-\\ngage companies are represented by agents or agencies, all engaged in the\\nactive negotiation of these securities.\\nThe same authority estimates the total amount loaned upon realty\\nthrough these agencies, exceeds \u00c2\u00a710,000,000, annually. The rate of interest\\ncharged on real estate loans, by the mortgage and trust companies, ranges\\nfrom seven to ten per cent.\\nOn page 260 the reader will find a detailed account of the credit and\\nfinancial standing of the Territory, and of each county separately, includ-\\ning some remarks in reference to the mortgage indebtedness of the farmers\\nof Dakota, as compared with that of the farmers of the states.\\nA BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE COMMERCIAL LAW OF THE TERRITORY.\\nInterest. Legal rate seven per cent., but parties may contract, in writing,\\nfor twelve per cent. Usury forfeits usurious interest. Interest on open\\naccounts runs from date of lasr item charged, whether debit or credit.\\nLegal rate allowed on judgments.\\nNotes and Bills, of Exchange. .\u00e2\u0080\u0094There is no statutory law defining or des-\\ncribing commercial paper, nor any law requiring that it should be made\\npayable at a bank or at any other specified place. Three days of grace al-\\nlowed on all bills of exchange or sight drafts, whether foreign or domes-\\ntic, and on all promissory notes, 1)11 Is of exchange and drafts, on the face\\nof which time is specified, and notes on demand for payment of same.\\nAcceptances must be in writing by the drawee or an acceptor for honor.\\nTo hold endorser, the instrument must be presented on the day of ma-\\nturity, and notice of dishonor given. Damages are allowed in favor of\\nholders for value on bills of exchange, drawn or negotiated within the\\nTerritory, and protested for non acceptance or non payment. Apparent", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "304 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nmaturity of a non interest bearing sight or demand note is ten days after\\ndate, in addition to the time required for transmission; on interest bear-\\ning notes, one year from date. Holidays are every Sunday, the 1st of\\nJanuary, the 22d of February, the 30th of May, the 4th of July, the 25th of\\nDecember, every general election day, every day appointed by the Pres-\\nident of the United States, or by the Governor of the Territory, for a pub-\\nlic fast, Thanksgiving, or holiday. If the 1st of January, 22d of February,\\n4th of July, or the 25th of December, fall on Sunday, the Monday follow-\\ning is a holiday. Bills and notes falling due on a holiday, are deemed due\\nand payable on the following day.\\nMortgages, of realty, must be in writing, with the formalities required\\nin case of a grant of real estate. Wife need not join, except in mortgage\\nof homestead. If containing power of sale, may be foreclosed by adver-\\ntisement, without intervention of court. Mortgagee has possession of the\\npremises during the year of redemption after sale. Chattel mortgages\\nare void as against creditors and subsequent purchasers in good faith,\\nunless filed in the office of the register of deeds within the county.\\nAcknowledgement*, of deeds or instruments, maybe made before a justice,\\nclerk of the supreme court, or notary public, at any place within the Ter-\\nritory, and before either a judge or clerk of a court of record, mayor of a\\ncity, register of deeds, justice of the peace, United States circuit or dis-\\ntrict court commissioner, county clerk, or county auditor, within the\\njudicial district, county, sub-division, or city, for which the officer was\\nelected or appointed.\\nIf without the Territory, before any judge or clerk of a court of record\\nof the United States, or any state or territory, notary public, or any other\\nofficer of the state or territory where ihe acknowledgement is made,\\nauthorized by its laws to take such proof or acknowledgement, or com-\\nmissioner of deeds appointed by the Governor of this Territory.\\nIn foreign countries, before a minister, commissioner, diplomatic, or\\nconsular agent of the United States, or a judge or notary public of said\\ncountry. Letters patent from the United States and final receivers re-\\nceipts from the United States land offices, may be recorded without ac-\\nknowledgement, or further proof.\\nAssignments and Insolvency. Insolvent debtors may, in good faith, make\\nassignments in trust for the benefit of creditors, which may provide for\\nany subsisting liability of the assignor, whether absolute or contingent.\\nSuch assignment is subject to the provisions of the code relative to trusts\\nand fraudulent transfers. Any debtor may make assignment, without\\npreference of creditors, but is not relieved from liability for any unpaid\\nbalance to his creditors.\\nAttachment process issues at the time of granting the summons, or at any\\ntime afterward, in actions on contracts for the recovery of money only, or\\nfor wrongful conversion of personal, property, against a foreign corpora-\\ntion, or non resident defendant, or when defendant has absconded, or\\nconcealed himself, or has assigned, disposed of, or secreted his property,\\nor is about to do so, w T ith intent to defraud creditors, or that the debt was\\nincurred from property obtained under false pretenses. Plaintiff must\\nmake affidavit and furnish bond in not less than $250, nor more than the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "R ESOURCES F DA KOTA 305\\namount claimed, in district courts, and at least$50and not exceeding *:!00,\\nin justices courts. Real, and personal property, debts, moneys, credits,\\nand bank-notes, may be attached or levied on under execution or attach-\\nment, but there is no process of garnishment.\\nSmta. Actions in courts of record are commenced by server of sum-\\nmons, and service may be made by leaving copy with defendant, in per-\\nson, or by delivering a copy to a member of defendant s family, (at de-\\nfendant s dwelling-bouse,) over the age of fourteen years, or, if defend-\\nant is a non-resident, by publication. All civil actions must be prosecuted\\nin the name of the real party in interest.\\nExecutions issue as of course, at any time within five years after judg-\\nment, and must be returned within sixty days. Lands levied on need\\nnot be appraised, but notice of sale must be given. Same provisions\\napply injustices courts as to levy, etc., on personal property. There is\\nno stay law, and execution can only be stayed by order of the court, for\\nirregularity, by injunction, or by appeal, with security given. Real\\nestate, sold under execution, may be redeemed within one year.\\nJu lg nents of courts of record area lien on all real estate, except the\\nhomestead, for ten years from time such judgment is docketed in the\\nclerk s office of the county where the land is situated, and, by having ex-\\necution issued every five years, are good for twenty years.\\nJudgments in courts of records may be obtained within thirty days\\nafter service of summons and complaint; in justices courts, four days\\nwhere no defense is interposed.\\nLimihdions: Personal actions, two years; on contracts or obligations,\\nsix years; oil sealed instruments, judgments or decrees of any court, and\\nin real actions, twenty years.\\nA Married Woman retains the same legal existence and legal person-\\nality, after marriage as before marriage, and receives the same protection\\nof all her rights as a woman, that her husband does as a man, and may\\nappeal, in her own name, alone, to the courts of law or equity for redress\\nand protection. She re ains her own realand personal property, and may\\nmake contracts, sue and be sued as if sole. Neither husband nor wife\\nhas any interest in the property of the other.\\nDower and curtesy are abolished.\\nTnues become due and payable on the first day of November of each\\nyear. On the first Monday of ihe following February, all unpaid taxes\\nbecome delinquent and draw interest at .the rate often per cent, per an-\\nnum, from the date of such delinquency. To all delinquent taxes a pen-\\nalty of five per cent, on the amount remaining unpaid, is added at the\\ntime they become delinquent and, on the first day of each month there-\\nafter, an additional penalty of one per cent, is added until the taxes are\\npaid. Lands are sold for delinquent taxes in October of the same year in\\nwhich they become delinquent, and the land may be redeemed within\\ntwo years, by payment of purchase money and interest thereon, at the\\nrate of thirty per cent, per annum, and all taxes subsequently paid.\\nTaxes become a lien on real property, as between vendor and purchaser\\non November 1st of each year. Collectors may proceed to enforce collec-\\ntion on and after .January 1st, following the levy by distress and sale.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "306 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nJUDICIARY.\\nSUMMARY OF THE JUDICIAL POWERS VESTED IN THE VARIOUS COURTS OF THE\\nTERRITORY.\\nThe judicial power, in Dakota, is vested in a supreme court, consisting\\nof a chief justice and five associate justices appointed by the President of\\nthe United States, any five of whom constitute a quorum; district courts,\\n(each district being presided over by one of the justices of the supreme\\ncourt,) and in county probate courts, and justices of the peace, the officers\\nof which are named by the people.\\nWrits of error and appeal, from the final decision of the supreme court\\not the Territory to the supreme court of the United States, are allowed,\\nwhere the value of the property or amount in controversy exceeds the\\nsum of $5\\nWrits of error, bills of exception, and appeals from the final decision of\\nthe district court to the supreme court of the Territory, are allowed in all\\ncases, under regulations prescribed by law. Oases before the supreme\\ncourt are tried by the court, never by jury.\\nThe supreme court of the Territory meets each year at Bismarck, com-\\nmencing the first Tuesday of February at Yankton, commencing the\\nond Tuesday of May; and at Deadwood, commencing the first Tuesday of\\nOctober.\\nThe district courts of the Territory possess exclusive chancery, as well as\\ncommon law jurisdiction, where the amount at issue exceeds $100, and are\\nalways open for the hearing of all actions, special proceedings, motions,\\nand applications, of whatever kind or character, whether of a criminal or\\ncivil nature, arising under the laws of the Territory, of which the district\\ncourts have jurisdiction, original or appellate, except issues of fact in civil\\nand criminal actions.\\nCourts of justices of the peace have concurrent jurisdiction with district\\ncourts of any matter in controversy where the debt or sum claimed does\\nnot exceed $100; but justices courts have no jurisdiction whatever, where\\nthe title to real estate comes in question.\\nProbate courts hold six special terms during the year, but are always\\nopen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 807\\nThe First, Second, Third, and Sixth judicial districts are vested with\\npowers and jurisdiction appertaining to the district and circuit courts of\\nthe United States; and distrirt courts, in and for said First, Second, Third,\\nand Sixth districts, exercising such powers and jurisdiction, are held as\\nfollows:\\nFirst District: At Deadwood, on the first Tuesday of August, and the\\nthird Tuesday of January.\\nSecond District: At Yankton, on the first Tuesday of April, and the\\nsecond Tuesday of November.\\nThird District: At Fargo, on the first Tuesdays of June and December.\\nSixlh District: At. Bismarck, on the first Tuesdays of March and\\nSeptember.\\nThe Fourth and Fifth judicial districts are embraced within the boun-\\ndaries of the Second judicial district, for the exercise of the power and\\njurisdiction to try causes in which the United States is a party.\\nSUBDIVISIONS OF THE JUDICIAL DISTRICTS OF DAKOTA, TOGETHER WITH THE TIME\\nAND PLACE OF HOLDING COURT IN EACH, ETC.\\nThe Territory is divided into six judicial districts, and each district\\nis subdivided and presided over as follows;\\nFIRST DISTRICT, HON. C M. THOMAS, DEADWOOD, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nNo. 1 Pennington county Rapid City, on the third Tuesday of\\nMay, and the fourth Tuesday of Oc-\\ntober, of e;.ch ye r.\\nNo- 2 Custer county Custer City, on the second Tuesday of\\nJune, and third Tuesday of October,\\nof each year.\\nNo. 3 Fall River county Hot Springs, on the third Tuesday of\\nNo. 4 Lawrence, Rulte, Harding, Burdick, June of each year.\\nEwing, Man in, Wagner, Choteau,\\nRinehart, Delano, Scobey, Ziebach,\\nWashington, Shannon, Schnasse,\\nDewey, Pyatt, Washabaugh, Jack-\\nson, and Lugenbeel Deadwood, on the first Tuesdays of\\nAugust and January, and special\\nterms ou the first Mondays of March,\\ni 1 July, September, and December.\\nSECOND DISTRICT, HON. BARTLETT TRIPP, YANKTON, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nNo. 1 Yankton county\\nNo. 2 iBonHomme county\\nNo. 8 Charles Mix and Douglas counties.\\nNo. 4 Hutchinson county..\\nNo. 5 Davison, Hunson, ai\\nties\\nd Aurora coun-i\\nNo. 6 Jerauld and Sanborn counties\\nNo. 7 Miner county\\nNo. 8 Brule, Buffalo, Lyman, Presho, Rratt,\\nMeyer, Tripp, and Gregory coun.\\nties\\nYankton, on the firstTuesday of April,\\nand the second Tuesday of Novem-\\nber. Special terms on the first Mon-\\ndays of January, March, July, and\\nSeptember.\\nTyndall, on the second Tuesday of\\nSeptember.\\nWheeler, at such time as the judge\\nmay appoint.\\nOlivet, at such time as the judge may\\nappoint.\\nAlexandria, on the second Tuesday of\\nJune, and such other special terms\\nas the judge may appoint.\\nHoward, on the first Tuesday of May,\\nI and such other special terms as the\\nI judg may appoint.\\njChamberlain, at such times as the\\nI judge may appoint.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "!08 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTHIRD DISTRICT, HON. W. B. MC CONNELL, FARGO, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nPembina, on the first Mondays of April\\nand October.\\nGrand Forks, on the second Tuesdays\\nof April and October.\\nGrafton, at such limes as the judge may\\nelect.\\nCaledonia, on the third Tuesdays of\\nApril and October.\\nFargo, on the first Tuesdays of June\\nand December.\\nLisbon, on the second Thursday of\\nMarch.\\nNelson county Lakota.on the third Monday of August.\\nWahpeton, on the fourth Tuesday of\\nMarch, and first Tuesday of October.\\nFormrtn at such times as the judge may\\nelect.\\nDevils Lake, at such times as the judge\\nmay elect.\\nLangdon, at such times as the judge\\nmay elect.\\nNo. 1..\\nNo. 2..\\nNo 8..\\nNo. 4..\\nNo. 5..\\nNo. 6\\nNo. 7..\\nNo. 8 Richland county\\nNo 9 Saigent county\\nNo. 10 Ramsey and Towner counties.\\nI\\nNo. 11 Cavalier county\\nPembina cotmty\\nGrand Forks county.\\nWalsh county\\nTraill county\\nCass county\\nRansom county\\nFOURTH DISTRICT, HON. C. S. PALMER, SIOUX FALLS, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nNo. 1\\nClay count y\\nVermillion, on the first Tuesday in\\nNo. 2\\nFebruary and the third Tuesday in\\nSeptember.\\nE.i Point, on the third Tuesday in\\nNo. 3\\nTurner county\\nFebruary and first Tuesday in Sep-\\ntember.\\nParker, on the fourth Tuesday in Feb-\\nNo. 4\\nruary and the fourth Tuesday in Sep-\\ntember.\\nNo. 5\\nMinnehaha county\\nMarch and the third Tuesday in Oc-\\ntober.\\nSioux Falls, on the second Tuesday in\\nNo. 6\\nApril and the second Tuesday in\\nNovember.\\nSalem, on the fourth Tuesday in May.\\nMadison, on the first Tuesday in June.\\nNo. 7\\nNo. 8\\nJune and the first Tuesday in Jan-\\nuary.\\nFIFTH DISTRICT, HON. JAMES SPENCER, HURON, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nNo. 1.\\nNo. 2.\\nNo. 3.\\nNo. 4.\\nNo. 5.\\nNo. 6.\\nNo. 7...\\nNo. 8...\\nNo. 9...\\nNo. 10\\nNo. 11.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nBrookings county.\\nKingsbury county\\nCodington county.\\nDeuel county....\\nHamlin county.\\nHughes, Stanley, Sterling, and Now-\\nlin counties..*.\\nHand county..,\\nBeadle comity.\\nSpink county..\\nBrown county.\\nGrant county...\\nBrookings, on the second Tuesday in\\nJune and December.\\nDeSmet, on the third Tuesday in June\\nand December.\\nWatertoun, on the first Tuesday in\\nJune and December.\\nGary, on the Fourth Monday in May.\\nCastlewood, on the fourth Tuesday in\\nNovember.\\nPierre, on the second Tuesday in April\\nand September.\\nMiller, on the fourth Tuesday in April\\nand the third Tuesday- in October.\\nHuron, on the first Tuesday in May\\nand October.\\nRedfield, on the second Tuesday in\\nJuly and January.\\nAberdeen, on the third Tuesday in\\nin July and January.\\nMilbank, on the third Tuesday in\\nMarch and November.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA..\\nFIFTH DISTRICT. CONTINUED\\n309\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nNo. 12 Edmunds, McPherson, Walworth\\nand Campbell counties Ipswich, on the second Tuesday in\\nSeptember.\\nNo. 13 Hyde county Highmore, on the third Tuesday in\\ni September.\\nNo. 14 Sully county Onida, ou the fourth Tuesday in Octo-\\nj ber.\\nNo. 15 Day and Marshall counties Webster, on the second Tuesday of\\nAugust.\\nNo. 16 Potter county [Gettysburg, on the third Tuesday in\\nFebruary.\\nNo. 17 Faulk county Faulkton, on the first Tuesday in Sep-\\ntember and the fourth Tuesday of\\nJanuary.\\nNo. 18 [Clark county Clark, on the first Tuesday of Febru-\\nary and third Tuesday in August.\\nNo. 19 Roberts county Wilmot, at least one term, each year,\\nand two if deemed necessary by the\\njudge, at such times as he shall desig-\\nnate.\\nSIXTH DISTRICT, HON. WILLIAM H. FRANCIS, BISMARCK, JUDGE.\\nSub-\\ndivision.\\nBoundaries.\\nTerms of Court.\\nNo. 1....\\nNo. 2\\nNo. 3.\\nBurleigb. Boreman, Emmons, Mc-\\nLean, Stevens, Sheridan, and Gar-\\nfield counties\\nMorton, Hettinger, Oliver, Mercer,\\nand Williams counties\\nKidder and Logan counties\\nNo. 4.. Stutsman and LaMoure counties.\\nNo. 5 j Barnes countv\\nNo. 6 Benson, Bottineau,\\ncounties\\nand Rolette\\nNo. 7\\nKn\\n8\\nNo\\n9\\nNo.\\n10\\nNo.\\n11\\nDickev and Mcintosh counties\\nGriggs and Steele counties\\nWard. Renville, Mountraille, Flan-\\nnery, Buford, and McHenry coun-;\\nties\\nStark, Bowman, Billings, Dunn, Mc-J\\nKenzie. Allred, and Wallace coun- j\\nties I\\nFoster, Wells, and Eddy counties-\\nBismarck, on the first Tuesday in\\nMarch, and first Tuesday in Septem-\\nber, each year.\\nMandan, on the first Tuesday in Jan-\\nnary and August, in each year.\\nSteele, at such time in each year as the\\njudge may direct.\\nJamestown, on the second Tuesday in\\nMay and November, in each year.\\nValley City, on the last Tuesday of\\nJune, of each year.\\nMinnewaukan, at such time in each\\nyear as the judge may direct.\\nEllendaJe, at such time in each year as\\nthe judge may direct.\\nCooperstown. on the second Tuesday in\\nJune of each year.\\nBurlington, at such time in each year\\nas the judge may direct.\\nDickinson, at such time in each year\\nas the judge may direct.\\nCarrington, at such time as the court\\nmay direct.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "310 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nINFORMATION FOR INTENDING SETTLERS.\\n2.50\\n3.00\\nit\\n3.50\\n4.50\\nii\\nn\\n3.00\\n4.00\\na\\nIt\\n2.00\\n2.50\\nit\\nn\\n1.75\\n3.00\\nit\\nu\\n2.00\\n2.50\\nit\\ntt\\n1.75\\n2.50\\ntt\\nit\\n2.00\\n4.00 per\\nw k.\\n11.00\\n20.00\\ni i\\na\\nWages of farm laborers, regular season hands, from $20 to $25 per month.\\nday-laborers, from $1.50 to $1.75 per day.\\ncarpenters,\\nstone-masons,\\nbrick-layers,\\npainters,\\nblacksmiths,\\ntinners,\\nharness-m k rs,\\nservant girls\\nprinters,\\nGood farm horses cost from $100 to $175 each.\\nA set of good farm harness costs from $25 to $35 per set.\\nMilch cows are worth from $25 to $40 each.\\nWork oxen can be bought for $75 to $150 per yoke.\\nA farm wagon will cost about $75.\\nA breaking-plow will cost about $22.\\nA sulky breaking-plow will cost about $50.\\nA stirring- plow will cost about $17.\\nA mower will cost about $00.\\nA harrow will cost from $8 to $20.\\nA hay-rake (riding,) will cost about $25.\\nA self-binder will cost about $160.\\nGood, common lumber ranges from $12 to $20 per thousand, along the\\nline of a railroad.\\nA good dwelling house can be built for $350. Many of the settlers live\\ncomfortably, for the first ear or so, in sod houses, or shacks, costingless\\nthan $100.\\nSoft coal costs from $5 to $7 per ton.\\nHard coal costs from $9.00 to $12.50 per ton.\\nLignite, a good quality of bituminous coal, sells, along the line of the\\nNorthern Pacific railroad, at from $1.50 to $2.50 per ton.\\nWhere wood is to be had, it sells at from $2.00 to $6.00 per cord.\\nHousehold goods, farm-implements, building-material, and food sup-\\nplies, are to be had everywhere in the Territory, at quite reasonable\\nprices.\\nMany settlers engage a freight or stock-car, and ship through, at special\\nemigrant rates, (which can always be ascertained by making inquiry of", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 311\\nthe agent at the railway station nearest your present home,) household\\ngoods, a few head of stock, farming implements, etc., etc.\\nIt is advisable to purchase your breaking or stirring plow, harrows, and\\nother farm machinery, in Dakota, as Eastern machinery is sometimes not\\nsuitable for a prairie farm.\\nBreaking is plowing the original sod, and is usually done in the\\nmonths of May, June, and July. To hire the work done, costs from $3 to\\n$4 per acre.\\nBack-setting is a second and deeper plowing, later in the season, and\\ncosts, to hire the work done, from \u00c2\u00a71.50 to $1.75 per acre.\\nSowing grain commences as soon as the frost is out of the ground to the\\ndepth of a few inches and is generally begun in the latter part of March\\nor early in April.\\nSmall grain is harvested in July and August. An abundant crop of corn,\\nflax, or vegetables, can be raised, the first year, on newly broken sod.\\nThe most successful farmer is he who raises a few horses, cattle,\\nsheep, hogs, hens, and turkeys; makes butter, and diversifies his crop by\\nplanting corn, oats, wheat, barley, flax, or such other farm products as can\\nbe grown in the neighborhood.\\nNative hay can be put up for about $1.50 per ton.\\nA Territorial herd law obviates the necessity of fencing, excepting in\\ncertain counties in the Black Hills. Very few farmers go to the expense\\nof fencing their lands.\\nFor full and detailed information, the manner of proceeding to obtain\\nlands, under the general land laws, including the homestead, pre-emption,\\nand timber-culture laws, fees to be paid, number of acres you can acquire,\\nand, in fact, everything necessary to be known, the reader is referred to\\nan article on the General Land Laws of the United States, page 280, of\\nthis pamphlet. The manner of marking the public lands by township,\\nrange, and section corner-posts, is explained on page 288.\\nUnder the head of each county, on the pages following, is placed the\\nnumber of acres of public lands remaining subject to entry on the 1st of\\nJane, 1887. By referring to page 291, the reader can ascertain the land\\ndistrict in which each county is situated, and the location of the ten\\nUnited States land offices, together with the names of the registers and\\nreceivers.\\nIn looking for land, a good plan to adopt is to apply at the United States\\nland office, or to any reputable land agent, for township plats, showing\\nthe occupied and unoccupied land in the vicinity. Then procure a con-\\nveyance, and a driver who is familiar with the district; go over the ground\\nuntil you find a suitable claim, then return and file an application in the\\nlocal land office.\\nThe Northern Pacific and Chicago and Northwestern railway com-\\npanies, both have lands for sale on easy terms, as will be more fully\\nexplained by correspondence with the proper officers of the corporations\\nnamed.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "312 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nIn nearly every county of the Territory, deeded lands are to be had at\\na very low figure say from $2.00 per acre, up. Parties desiring to purchase\\ndeeded land, and being undecided as to location, should read over the\\ncounty descriptions on tbe last pages of this publication. Having made\\nyour selection, address a letter of inquiry for prices, terms, etc., to some\\none of the county officials, or to the newspapers, or banks in the county\\nnamed any one of whom will answer you, courteously and promptly.\\nDo not ask this office to select a location for you, or to advise you in\\nwhat part of the Territory to settle, or invest. Thoughtful correspond-\\nents will understand that this office must always decline to give advice in\\nsuch matters.\\nThe question is often asked: How much money should I have, to start\\nwith, in Dakota?\\nIt is impossible to frame an answer that will meet the varying circum-\\nstances presented in different cases.\\nSome of our most prosperous farmers of to-day are men who came to\\nDakota with barely sufficient means to provide shelter for their families,\\nand break and plant a few acres the first season.\\nWhile Dakota soil is prolific, and the opportunities offered to an ener-\\ngetic, pushing man, for gaining a livelihood, are better, we believe, than\\nelsewhere in all the world, yet, our advice is to come prepared for a pos-\\nsible emergency.\\nA man, the head of a family and intending to settle upon a farm, should\\nhave, in money or property, not less than $500. Even then, the settler\\nmust be possessed of grit and energy in order to succeed. Pluck and push\\noften make up for a deficiency of capital.\\nYoung men, without families to support, if industrious, can, by employ-\\ning spare time in breaking and doing other work, for their neighbors, get\\nalong with very little money to begin with.\\nIt will be remembered that we are tendering advice to the thrifty, en-\\nergetic, and frugal settler, with the understanding that he is a man of good\\njudgment and strong will.\\nThe indolent and thriftless man will fail in Dakota, with the same ease\\nand celerity that has followed his career in the East.\\nThe description of each county of the Territory (on the pages following,)\\nincludes a statement of the different railroads traversing the county, with\\na list of stations, etc. Ascertain from the map the railway station nearest\\nthe town that you wish to go, and inquire either of your home agent\\nor write the general passenger agent of the railroad which takes you into\\nDakota, for emigrant, passenger, and freight rates. The latest official\\nmaps, showung each postoffice, railroad, land district, etc., etc., will be\\nsent to any address on receipt of request.\\nIf this pamphlet does not furnish satisfactory answers to all your in-\\nquiries, write to the Commissioner of Immigration, Pierre, Dakota, who\\nwill give prompt attention to your communication.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "AREA, SOIL, TIMBER,\\nRailroads, Banks, Newspapers, Schools,\\nFARM STATISTICS, POSTOFFICES, ETC.,\\nBY COUNTIES.\\nNOTE\\nIn the county descriptions, following, it has been impossible to\\nobtain reliable information of the population, lands improved, number of\\nfarms, size of farms, potato crop, wool-clip, and dairy products, of later\\ndate than the Territorial census of 1885. These figures, if available,\\nwould add much to the showing of progress in every county.\\nThe data included in the brief description of county seats and impor-\\ntant towns, were obtained, in every instance, from official sources. The\\nblanks, ashing for the information, were sent out in July, and some\\nchanges have, no doubt, occurred since that date.\\nThe mention of a number of towns has been unavoidably omitted be-\\ncause of a neglect, by the parties communicated with, to furnish this of-\\nfice with the required information.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 315\\nALLRED COUXTY.\\nCreated, March 9, 1883. Formerly a part of Howard county. Bounda-\\nries changed, March 10, 1885. Unorganized.\\nAllred county lies on the western boundary, near the northwest part of\\nthe Territory/ Principal streams, the Missouri, forming the northern\\nboundary, and the Yellowstone, flowing through the western part of the\\ncounty. Both are navigable. Nearly two-thirds of Allred county is in-\\ncluded within the boundaries of military and Indian reservations. The\\nremaining third is uusurveyed, and, practically, unoccupied. That por-\\ntion, of Allred county within the limits of the Fort Berthold Indian reser-\\nvation, is soon to be opened to settlement, under ah agreement with the\\nIndians, which awaits the ratification of Congress.\\nVacant public lands, 326,400 acres.\\nAURORA COUNTY.\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, February 22, 1870. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 0, 1883. Organized, August 8, 1881, by the appointment by the\\nGovernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: E. H. Mcintosh, A. B.\\nSmart, Charles Brendenbosh.\\nAurora county is situated in the southern part of the Territory, in the\\nthird tier of counties north of the boundary line between Dakota and Ne-\\nbraska, and in the second east of the Missouri river. The surface, gener-\\nally speaking, is broad, rolling prairie. Principal streams are the Fire-\\nsteel and Platte. Other smaller streams flowing into the James and Mis-\\nsouri rivers drain the southeastern part of the county. Theie are\\nconsiderable bodies of water in the county, notably White lake, in the\\nnorthwestern part, covering nearly and Plajte lake, near the\\nwest line. A half dozen smaller lakes are scattered over the central por-\\ntions of the county. The soil is a deep, black, slightly sandy loam, mixed\\nwith a light, sandy clay, retains moisture well, and giv rapid\\ngrowth.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Mi] t. Paul railway,\\n(main line.) twenty-four miles; stations: Plankinton, White Lake.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing 1 i the county, as follows; Bank of\\nPlankinton. at Plankinton, E. S. Rowley, president F. L.\\nFarmers Merchants Bank, at Plankinton, P. B. Hart,\\nMason s Bank, at Plankinton, Geo. Mason, president: D.\\nAurora County Bank, at White Lake. F. R. Preston, president, J. P.\\nVogel, cashier White Lake Bank, White Lake, J. C. Ryan, president;\\nL. Lcevinger, cashier.\\nXEWSPAPEKS.\\nStandard, A. M. Andrews, Plankinton; Dakota Free Press,\\nFred Kibbe, editor and publisher, Plankinton; Dakota Beacon. T. N.\\nTreat, editor and publisher, Plankinton; Farmers Mutual Journal, Jour-\\nnal Company, editors and publishers, Plankinton: Times, Hooper Bros.,\\npublishers. White Lake; Democrat, John T. Ronayne, editor and pub-\\nlisher, White Lake.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "316\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nThe city of PJankinton, situated near the center, is the county seat. It\\nhas a population of 1,200; school-buildings valued at $7,000; congrega-\\ntional, methodist, and catholic church edifices, valued at $8,500; brick\\ncourt-house and jail, valued at $18,000; an artesian well costing $4,000 and\\na flour-mill valued at $10,000. Assessed valuation city propertv, 1886,\\nreal, $143,782; personal, $127,937; total, $271,719.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nWhite Lake, in the western portion, has a population of 550; artesian\\nwater; two story school-building; four churches, methodist, presbyterian,\\ncatholic and lutheran, with buildings valued at $16,300; and a roller flour-\\nmill. Assessed valuation, 1886, real, $35,000; personal, $66,545; total,\\n$101,545.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, twenty-one; school population, 1,703;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, seventy-two; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, eleven; average monthly pay of teachers, males,\\n$31.31; females, $27.36; value of all school property, $48,616.67; expended\\nfor school purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $25,750; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $2,012.78; par amount of school\\nbonds. outstanding June 30, 1886, $40,995.09: average rate of interest paid\\non bonds seven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $6,226.12.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nDate.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n3.020\\n3.314\\n3.628\\n207\\n258\\n255\\n5.230\\n5,548\\n6 314\\n1,209\\n1,080\\n1,093\\n2,513 $167,932\\n2,144 305,217\\n2,544 219.808\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nDate.\\nAcres Real Vnl nation Town Lots\\nEstate. \\\\aluation. valuation.\\nPersonal Prop-I 1 1 assessed\\nerty valuation .J \u00e2\u0080\u0094on of\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n190,361 $578 901\\n215,878 721,152\\n243,076 800 626\\n$166,188\\n200,886\\n207,679\\n$209 138\\n310.565\\n242,010\\n$1,122,159\\n1.537,320\\n1,470,123\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county for vears 1880,\\n1885 and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels i\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\n395\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n235.343\\n155 115\\n200 200\\n1,221\\n1,834\\n6,103\\n319.814\\n602,175\\n225,100\\n6,132\\n600\\n15.936\\n78,003\\nOats\\nRve\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nCOMPARATIVE STATISTICS, CENSUS 1880 AND 1885.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, sixty-nine; 1885, 5,950. Lands improved\\n1880, 3,840 acres; 1885, 89,323 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 21; 1885,\\n1,278. Average size of farms, 1880,183 acres; 1885, seventy acres. Aver-\\nage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.29. County indebtedness, 1887\\n$35,335.00. Potato crop, 1885, 43,637 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 7,463\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885; milk, 6,696 gallons; butter,\\n134,699 pounds; cheese, 955 pounds; eggs, 76,783 dozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 317\\nNAME AN T POSTOFPICB ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nPlankintcm.\\nPlankinton.\\nPlankinton.\\nPlankinton.\\nPlankinton.\\nCounty Clerk S. R. Drake\\nTreasurer John Rogers\\nSheriff Daniel O Kane\\nClerk District Court A. H. Rogers\\nProbate Juctee S. H. Bakewell\\nRegister .of Deeds S R. Drake Plankinton.\\nAttorney H. F. Fellows Plankinton.\\nSuperintendent of Schools W. P. Robeson Plankinton.\\nSuveyor R. H. Watson Plankinton.\\nCoroner\\nf |j. L. Hemtz (chairman)\\nC. W. Mcintosh\\nCommissioners jJohn Davis\\nH. W. Bruvn\\nWhite Lake.\\nPlankinton.\\nPlankinton.\\nPlankinton.\\n;W. G. Andrews Plankinton.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\nL887.\\nBel ford\\nGilbert\\nRobey....\\nCanty\\narsons...\\nWhite Lake\\nFlynn\\nPlankinton\\nWyatt\\nBARNES COUNTY.\\nArea, 967,680 acres. CreatedJanuary 14, 1875, from parts of Br -bank and\\nCass. Organized, August 5, 1878, by appointment by tbe Governor, of the\\nfollowing commissioners, viz.: Christian Anderson, Otto Becker, An-\\ndrew Goodwin.\\n|J[Barnes county is in the second tier of counties west of the Red river,\\nand the fifth south of the International boundary line. Principal streams\\nare the Sheyenne, which traverses from north to south through the mid-\\ndle of the county; the Maple, which rises in and crosses the northeastern\\ntownships, and Bald Hill creek in the north. There are several other\\nsmaller streams in the county. The surface is about ninetv-seven per\\ncent, undulating uplands; bottom lands three per cent. It is estimated\\nthat the county contains about 9,000 acres of timber land, distributed\\nalong the various streams. The soil is very productive, and has an aver-\\nage depth of nearly two feet. The sub-soils are a conglomerate, united by\\nyellow clay\u00e2\u0080\u0094 frequently extending to depths often feet, or more.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific, (main line,) thirty-seven\\nmiles; stations: Oriska. Alta, Valley City, Hobart, Sanborn, Eekelson;\\n(Sanborn and Turtle Mountain branch,) 21.4 miles; stations: Sanborn,\\nOdell, Dazey. Total, 58.4 miles.\\nVacant public lands, 3,680 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in the county, as follows: Barnes\\nCounty Bank, at Sanborn, J. H. Evans, president; J*. M. Burrell, cashier.\\nFarmers Merchants National Bank, at Valley City, Herbert Root,\\ndent; A. P. Peake, cashier. First National Bank, at Valley City, John\\nRussell, president; George Kanouse, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Farmer and Stockman, John M. Dennett, editor and publisher,\\nOriska; Enterprise, Win. McKean, editor and publisher, Sanborn; Record,\\nJ. Jeff Dobbin, editor and publisher, Valley City; Farmers Alliance, C. H.\\nBassett, editor and publisher, Valley City; North Dakota Democrat, G. B.\\nVallandigham, editor and publisher, Valley City.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nValley City, lying near the center, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 1,200; brick school-house, valued at $11,000; methodist, episcopal,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "P. 18\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ncongregational, and lutheran church edifices, valued at $12,000; court-\\nhouse of brick and stone, costing $35,000; and a flour-mill of the value of\\n125.000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$296,592.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nDazey, in the northern portion; population 200; school-building valued\\nat $1,500. Eckelson, in the west, population sixty-five; scliool- building\\nvalued at $1,500. Oriska, in the east; population 150; school-building\\nvalued at $3,000. Sanborn, between Valley City and Eckelson; popula-\\ntion 400; school-building valued at $3,000; congregational, methodist, and\\nepiscopal church buildings, valued at $9,000. Assessed valuation city\\nproperty, 1886, real, $60,000; personal, $40,000; total, $100,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, eighty-five; school population, 1880;\\n1,880; number of school-houses in district, seventy-nine; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $46.50;\\nfemales, $26.85; value of all school property, $134,962.30; expended for\\nschool purposes during the year ending June 30, 1886, $39,085.74; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $11,626.47; par amount of school\\nbonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $68,781.00; average rate of interest paid\\non bonds, eight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886,135,192.84.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. j Horses. Mul !i. and Cattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n154\\n2,753\\n8.077\\n3,657\\n10\\n344\\n324\\n289\\n274\\n3,209\\n4,077\\n5,334\\n679\\n862\\n1,382\\n2,170\\n1,792\\n$193,125\\n315.368\\n267.851\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\ni Personal Prop-I 1 1 1 8 s ?i\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n613.047\\n621.816\\n644,300\\n$1,115,205\\n1,733,265\\n2,119.710\\n2.128,309\\n$21 5,044\\n237.726\\n241,130\\nS 65,963\\n396 560\\n340.430\\n364.872\\n$1,181,168\\n2,537.994\\n8.013 234\\n3,002,162\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n1885.\\n1887.\\n25,237\\n1,400.812\\n1,183,182\\n617\\n1.597\\n14.040\\n11,351\\n623,104\\n753.300\\nnone\\n2 516\\n720\\nnone\\n194\\n740\\n2.821\\n57,678\\n174.993\\nnone\\nnone\\n1.100\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nCOMPARATIVE STATISTICS, CENSUS 18S0 AND 1885.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 1,585; 1885, 6,093. Lands improved, 1880,\\n5,053 acres; 1885, 138, 572 acres. Number of farms, 1880, eighty-three; 1885,\\n1,364. Average size of farms, 1880, sixty-one acres; 1885, 102 acres. Aver-\\nage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.29. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n$93,575. Potato crop, 1885, 80,665 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 2,463 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 2,020 gallons; butter, 145,664\\npounds; cheese, 1,080 pounds; eggs, 108,414 dozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 319\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS, OF COUNTY OFFICEES IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk C. S. Walker Valley City..\\nTreasurer C. A. Benson Valley City..\\nSheriff John Simons Vallev City.,\\nClerk District Court Alex. McConnel) Valley City.\\nProbate Judge Alex. McConnell Valley City..\\nRegister of Deeds ..(John C. Evans Valley City..\\nAttorney G. K. Andrus.\\nSuperintendent of Schools i Belle Sampson\\nSurveyor Frank White\\nCoroner J. W. Vidal\\nCounty Assessor Nicholas Flagler....\\nf 8. Van Sternberg!!.\\nCommissioners.\\nt ID. N. Gr-en\\n|D. 0. Malley....\\nI H. Oppegard....\\nLiE. S. Lawrence.\\nValley Citv.\\nVallev Citv.\\nVallev Citv.\\nValley City..\\nDazey\\nOriska\\nValley City.\\nValley Aty.\\nDazey\\nEcktison\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nAlderman\\nEckelson\\nEllsbury\\nHackett\\nOriska.\\nDailv\\nDazey\\nOde 1\\nBEADLE COUNTY.\\nArea, 80fi,400 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from parts of Burchard,\\nClark, Kingsbury, and Spink. Boundaries changed, February 22, 1S79,\\npart to Brown. Organized, July 9, 1880, by appointment by the Governor,\\nof the following commissioners, viz.: Charles Miner, Eli C. Walton, Simon\\nNelson.\\nBeadle county is situated in the southern part of the Territory, in the\\nfifth tier of counties north of the Nebraska boundary line, and midway\\nbetween the Missouri river and the Minnesota boundary. Principal\\nstreams are the James river, which flows through the county from north\\nto south, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and Pearl and Cain creeks.\\nA number of smaller streams drain the various sections of the county. Lake\\nByron, in the northeastern part of the county, is a large sheet of water,\\ncovering about 1,000 acres. The surface is gently undulating prairie,\\nbroken, in a few instances, by considerable elevations, including a part of\\nthe Wessington Hills. The soil is the black loam of the famous James\\nriver valley, extremely fertile, and of ample depth. The sub-soil is a\\nwhitish, sandy clay, impregnated with lime and magnesia.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(James river line,) thirty-one miles; stations: Bonilla, Wolsey, Virgil.\\nChicago Northwestern r*ailway, (main line,) forty-three miles; stations:\\nCavour, Huron, Wolsey, Wessington; (Huron Oakes branch,) eighteen\\nmiles; stations: Huron, Broadland, Altoona. Total miles of railroad,\\nninety-two.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are seven banks doing business in the county, as follows: Bank\\nof Altoona, at Altoona, C. F. Emery, president; P. C. Tryner, cashier.\\nBeadle County National Bank, at Huron, J. W. Vrooman, president; Ed.\\nCrist, cashier. First National Bank, at Huron, J. W. Campbell, presi-\\ndent; J. W. MacKenzie, cashier. Huron National Bank, at Huron, L.\\nW. Hazen, president; J. A. Fowler, cashier. National Bank of Dakota,\\nat Huron, D. L. Stick, president; J. A. Kemp, cashier. Bank of Wessing-\\nton, at Wessington, W. P. Peirce, president; E. H. Vance, cashier. Bank\\nof Wolsey, at Wolsey, N. W. Vance, cashier.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "320\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNEWSPAPEBS.\\nNews, C. S. Fassett, editor and publisher, Altoona; Beadle County Dem-\\nocrat, James T. Conley, editor and publisher, Cavour; Daily Huronite,\\nDavis, Longstaff, Crouch, editors and publishers, Huron; Daily Times,\\nSmith Cain, editors and publishers, Huron; State Free Trade Democrat,\\nCogan Cooper, editors and managers, Huron The Dakota Farmer, W.\\nF. T. Bushnell, editor and publisher, Huron; The Dakota Standard, D. R.\\nGrover. editor and publisher, Huron; The Dakota Teacher, J. S. Bishop,\\neditor and publisher, Huron; Christian Worker, Huron; The Herald, J. K.\\nP. McCallum, editor and manager, Huron; Times, D. T. Hire, editor,\\nWessington; Journal, Carl D. Foster, editor and publisher, Wolsey.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nThe city of Huron, near the center, is the county seat. It. has a popu-\\nlation of 4,500; two brick school-buildings, valued at $40,000; methodist,\\npresbyterian, baptist, congregational, catholic, German lutheran, Swedish,\\nand episcopal, church edifices, valued at $20,500; brick court-house and\\njail, valued at $-30,000; street railway system., valued at $20,000; city water-\\nworks, (artesian,) valued at $40,000 electric-light plant, valued at $25,000 j\\noil-storage tanks, two flour-mills, pork-packing house, brewery, railroad\\nshops, etc. Assessed valuation city property 1886, real, $840,590; per-\\nsonal, $409,200; total, $1,249,790.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAltoona, in the north, population, 300; school-building, valued at $1,500;\\nmethodist and presbyterian church-buildings, valued at $4,000; city water-\\nworks, (artesian,) valued at $6,300. Assessed valuation city property, 1886,\\nreal and personal, $77,069. Broadland, between Huron and Altoona, pop-\\nulation, fifty; school- building, valued at $1,800. Cavour, in the east, pop-\\nulation, 240; school-building, valued at $1,500; methodist and catholic\\nchurch buildings, valued at $8,200. Wessington. on the western boundary,\\npopulation, 200; school- building, valued at $2,500; methodist and presby-\\nterian church-buildings, valued at $1,300. Wolsey, between Huron and\\nWessington, population, 800; school-buildings, valued at $8,800; methodist,\\npresbyterian, and German lutheran church-buildings, valued at $5,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, thirty-six; school population, 2,702;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, 103; number of school- houses built\\nin 1886, fourteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $86.08; females,\\n$29.42; value of all school property, $81,795.86; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during the year ending June 80, 1886, $48,924.20; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 80, 1886, $7,866.23; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding, June 80, 1886, $86,761.67; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding, June 80,1886,\\n$9,827.58.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nDate.\\nHordes.\\nMU i^ na ^ttle.\\nSheep. Swine.\\ni\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n4,357\\n4.960\\n5,494\\n392 6,728\\n464 7,899\\n4S8 9.659\\n3,223\\n2,s92\\n2,832\\n8,313\\n3.678\\n2,672\\n$201,479\\n1886\\n606 25\\n1887\\n582. 91 n\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nDate.\\nAcres Real valuation\\nEstate. Valuation.\\nTown Lots Personal pr^p-\\nValuation. erty valuation\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n410,449 $1,015,662\\n480.227 2.352.931\\n328.876\\n1 263 169\\n299.640\\n1.259 207\\n$1,815,627\\n1886\\n5.081.532\\n1887\\n459,811\\n2,409,731\\n1,226,172\\n827,530\\n5.046 343", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n321\\nFAKM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat none 611,197 1,253.200\\nCorn 350 207.916 1, 240.800\\nOats none 393,768 930,000\\nRye none 2,616 7.800\\nBuckwheat none 1,749 4, 428\\nBarley none 42,817 215,000\\nFlax none 137,600\\nCOMPARATIVE STATISTICS, CENSUS 1880 AND 1885.\\nPopulation of county, 1880,1,290; 1885, 10,318. Lands improved, 1880,\\nthirty-seven acres; 1885, 135,834 acres. Number of farms, 1880, three;\\n1885,1,823. Average size of farms, 1880, twelve acres; 1885, seventy-five\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.24. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $59,390. Potato crop, 1885, 93,799 bushels^ Wool clip, 1885,\\n29,946 pounds. Dairy and other farm prpducts, 1885: milk, 48,785 gallons;\\nbutter, 234,512 pounds; cheese, 843 pounds; eggs, 116,641 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nMarvin Cook\\nHuron\\nTreasurer\\nJames P. Davis\\nHuron\\nSheriff\\nJ. E. Huffman\\nGeo. W. Woodbury\\nHuron\\nHuron\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nCora M. Shober\\nHuron\\nSurveyor\\nH. J. Bingham\\nM. A. Collins\\nG. F. Lawrence\\nS. A. Mosht-r, (chairman)\\nZ. T. Hundley\\nA. H. Medbury\\nC. S. Sprague\\n1. L. Spaulding\\nHuron\\nCoroner\\nCavour\\nHuron\\nr\\ni\\nWessing.on\\nHuron\\nCommissioners\\nj\\nHuron\\nHuron\\nt\\nLIST\\nOF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAltoona\\nBeatrice\\nBoiiilla\\nBroadland\\nCavour\\nEarlville Virgil\\n...Goodie Wessington\\n...Huron Wiuthrop\\n...Lakeside Wolsey\\nI Lawrence\\nBENSON COUNTY\\nArea, 564,480 acres. Created, March 9, 1883, from parts of Ramsey and De-\\nSmet. Boundaries changed in 1885 between DeSmet and Ramsey changed\\nagain March 11, 1887. Organized, November 6, 1883, by appointment, by\\nthe Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Hugh McGarvey, M.\\nD. Flint, T. J. Larison.\\nBenson county is situated in the northern part of the Territory, in the\\nsecond tier of counties, south of the International boundary line and the\\nthird west of the Red River. Principal stream is the IShcyenne river.\\nThe west end of Devils Lake, the largest sheet of water within the Terri-\\ntory, extends into Benson county about ten miles, covering more than a\\ntownship of surface. There is a number of other lakes of considerable\\n^size scattered through the county. About one- fifth of the area of the\\ncounty is included within the boundaries of the Devils Lake Indian reser-\\n(11)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "322\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nvation. The surface of Benson county is, generally, undulating or rolling\\nprairie, broken by a few low hills or ridges, nearly all of which is suscepti-\\nble of cultivation. The soil, a dark loam, is exceedingly productive. It\\nvaries in depth from eighteen to thirty inches, and is underlaid with a\\nsub-soil of clay. Groves of native timber are found on the islands and\\nalong the borders of Devils Lake, and fringing the course of theSheyenne\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific (Jamestown and Northern\\nline,) 17.9 miles; stations: Ft. Totten, Oberon, Minnewaukan. St. Paul,\\nMinnepolis Manitoba railroad, thirty-one miles; stations: Leeds. York,\\nKnox,Tleasant Lake. Total miles of railroad, 48.9.\\nVacant public lands, 133,320 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nOne bank does business in the county, viz.: Bank of Minnewaukan,\\nat Minnewaukan, C. G. Rolfe. president; E. S. Rolfe, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDakota Siftings, J. W. Sheppard. editor and publisher, Minnewaukan.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nMinnewaukan, on the western shores of Devils Lake, is the county seat.\\nIt has a population of 400; school-buildings, valued at 2,500, and a pres-\\nbyterian church edifice, valued at 82,200. The town is not incorporated.\\nschools,, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, seven; school population, 1,203; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, ten; average monthly pay of teachers,\\nmales, $38.89; females, ?22.87; value of all school property, \u00c2\u00a710,280; ex-\\npended for school purposes, during year ending June 30, 1886, $7,206.42;\\ncash remaining in school treasury. June 30, 1880, $428.97; par amount of\\nschool bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a710,100; average rate of interest\\npaid on bonds, eight per cent; amount of school warrants outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $697.34.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in l Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn....\\nOats....\\nBarley\\nFlax...\\nnone\\nnone\\nnoiifc\\nnone\\nnone\\n19 159\\n112\\n23,308\\n946,000\\n2,500\\n420,000\\n40,000\\n2,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none 1885, 1,255. Lands improved, 1885, 12,-\\n953 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 383. Average size of farms, 1885, thirty-\\nfour acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, 14.10. County in-\\ndebtedness, 1887, 145,445. Potato crop, 1885, 12,753 bushels. Wool clip", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 323\\nsixty pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, forty gal-\\nlons; butter, 7,516 pounds; cheese, seventy-five pounds;eggs, 1,786 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFIOERS IX 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nJ. M. Cubbison\\ncarl G. Brown\\nFred. Snore\\nMinnewaukan\\nurer\\nMinnewaukan\\nSheriff\\nclerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\n.1. L. Richmond\\nL. W. Harriman\\n.1 M. Cubbison\\nE S. Rolfe\\nMinnewaukan\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nMinni waukan\\ni intendent of Schools....\\nSurveyor\\n1\\nM F. Minehan\\nV. B. Matthews\\nMinnewaukan\\nOberon\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nOcmm ssioners\\no W Dysinger\\nGeo, E. Ingebretsen\\n.James Michels\\nH. U. Thomas\\nMinnewaukan\\nMinnewaukan\\nH. B. Pederson\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAbbot tsford Leeds Pleasant Lake.\\nFort Totten Minneyi acka n York\\nLarose Obeion\\nBILLINGS COUNTY.\\nCreated, February 10, 1879. from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 8, 1883, parts to Bowman and Villard; changed again, March 10,\\n1885, parts of Villard and Dunn; changed again, March 10, 1887. Organ-\\nized, October 25, 188;!, by appointment, by the Governor, of the following\\ncommissioners, viz.: C.*E. Haupt, A. Boyle, Hugh J. McBirney.\\nBillings county is situated on the western boundary line, and nearly\\nmidway between the north ami south boundary lines of the Territory.\\nIt is well watered by numerous streams, the principal oi e of which, the\\nLittle Missouri, flows through the entire length of the county, from south\\nto north. The famous Bad Lands, described in another part of this publi-\\ncation, cover a large part of the surface of Billings county. The valleys\\nand summits of the plateaus of the Bad Lands, furnish pasturage for\\nmany herds oi range cattle. About one-half of the surface of Billings\\ncounty is good farming land. Only a small part of the county has yet been\\nsurveyed. Lignite coal, of a very line quality, is found in the hills of the\\nBad Lands.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacitic, 59.5 miles; stations: Fry-\\nburg, Sully Sprin us, Scoria, Medora, Little Missouri, Andrews, Sentinel\\nButte, Beach. Total, 59.5 miles.\\nVacant public lands, 1,240,000 acres.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nMedora, on the east bank of the Little Missouri river, is the county\\nseat. It has a school-building, valued at 8300, and a catholic church, val-\\nued at $500. The chief industry of the town is an establishment of the\\nMarquis de Mores, for slaughtering beef, the manufacture of butter, tal-\\nlow, neatsfoot-oil, etc., representing an investment of $250,000. There is\\nno town organization.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. M 25* B ld Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\ni i i\\n1886 1,345 8 24,603 15 $428,345\\n1887 2,120 4 22,641 415,356", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "324\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real*\\nEstate\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\ni Total assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1886.\\n1887.\\nnone\\n1,140,0(30\\nnone\\n81,146,069\\n$11,255\\n9,880\\nM [SCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1885, 7; 7. Lands improved, 1885, 157 acres.\\nNumber of farms, 1885, ten. Average size of farms. 1885, sixteen acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, SI. 00. The county has no in-\\ndebtedness.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICFRS IX 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk J. C Williamson Medora.\\nTreasurer J. C. Fisher Medora.\\nSheriff\\nP. A. Willard\\nB. F. Lamb\\nJ. C. Williamson\\nW. T. Dantz\\nMedora\\nMedora\\nMedora\\nW. L. Eaton\\nJ. L. Truscott\\nMedora\\nCommissioners\\nJohn Goodall\\nD C. Rowe\\n::::::::::::::l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::\\nLIST OF POSTOFFIOKS IX COUNTY, 1887.\\nMedora Sentinel Butte.\\nBONHOMME COUNTY.\\nArea, 891,680 acres. Created April 5, 1862. Organized 1862, by appoint-\\nment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Byron M.\\nSmith, L. H. Litchfield, Henry Hartsough.\\nBonliomme county lies on the southern boundary of the Territory the\\nfourth county west of the Iowa line. Principal streams are the Choteau\\nand Emanuel. The surface is considerably diversified, consisting of ex-\\ntensive bottoms, prairie uplands, and, in the neighborhood of the streams,\\nbluffs and broken country. There are fringes of timber, in places, along\\nthe Missouri and other streams, and some varieties are quite plentiful on\\nthe bottom lands of the great river. The soil is a rich, black loam, pro-\\nducing every variety of farm crops, in profusion.\\nMiles of railroad in county Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway,\\n(Sioux City and Mitchell line,) eight miles; station: Scotland; (Scotland\\nand Armour line,) three miles; station: Scotland; (Running Water branch,)\\nthirty-three miles; stations: Scotland, Tyndall, Springfield, Running\\nWater. Total miles of railroad, forty-four.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in the county, as follows: Bank of\\nScotland, at Scotland, Geo. M. Gleason, president; T. O. Bogert, cashier.\\nBank of Springfield, at Springfield. Bank of Tyndall, at Tyndall. Secur-\\nity Bank of Tyndall, Joseph S. Wheeler, president; M.*P. McArthur,\\ncashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nScotland Weekly Citizen, J. E. Ziebach, editor and publisher, Scotland;\\nSouth Dakota Investors Guide, C. T. Campbell, publisher, Scotland; Pres-\\nbyterian Chronicle, Scotland; Times, Springfield; Tribune, McFarland\\nYoung, publishers, Tyndall; Register, Francis Richmond, proprietor,\\nDennis Smith, publishers, Tyndall.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "IJKSOruCES OF DAKOTA\\n325\\nCOUNTY SE VT.\\nThe city of Tyndall, near the center, is the county seat, It has a popu-\\nlation of 1,000; a school building valued at $1,200; methodist and presby-\\nterian church edifices, valued at $3,000, and a coUrt-house valued at $7,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBonHomme, on the Missouri river; population, seventy-five; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $600; methodist church-building, valued at $1,100; Hour-\\nmill, valued at $6,000; and two saw-mills, valued at $5,000. Running Water,\\non tbe Missouri river; population, 150; school-buildings, valued at $2,000;\\ncatholic church -building, valued at $1,300. Springfield, on the Missouri\\nriver; population, 500; brick school-building, valued at $2,500; episcopal,\\ncatholic, congregational, and methodist church edifices, valued at $7,000;\\nflour-mill, valued at $20,000; creamery, manufacturing 500 pounds of but-\\nter daily. Assessed valuation of city property, 1880, real, $58,614: per-\\n705; total, $91 3 19. Hope Indian school, a building valued at\\n$12,000, is located at Springfield. Scotland, in the northeast; population\\n1,000; two school-buildings; presbyterian, congregational, German luth-\\neran, German evangelical, catholic, episcopal, and methodist church edi-\\nfices, valued at $10,600; artesian water; machine-shops id door fac-\\ntory; tow-mill, and a creamery of the capacity of 7,000 pounds of butter\\nk. Assessed valuation of city property, 1S86, real and personal\\n$335,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population, 1,980; num-\\nher of school-houses in district, fifty-one; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, one; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $34.18; females\\n$31.01 value of all school property, $12,915.21; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $24,932.71; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $2,399.44; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $15,950.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1880, $2,921.75.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n2,481\\n3.456\\n8,940\\n5, 180\\n81\\n97\\n55\\n160\\n6.962\\n10,167\\n11 943\\n18,831\\n2,302\\n7,177\\n4,899\\n4,:-J68\\n4.366\\n8.615\\n6,452\\n9.658\\n-4 01\\n291,684\\n261.850\\n829,485\\nlTION statistics.\\nYear.\\nAcres rleal\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop- Toi assessed\\nj erty va luation.., \u00e2\u0084\u00a2i\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\u00c2\u00a3 on of\\n1880\\n1885\\n1887\\n1880, pc\\n217 J:*r\\n262.077\\n285,057\\n344,218\\n891,129\\n1,231,927\\n1,315,977\\n145,860\\n203.236\\n220,544\\n9 255,981\\n241,082\\n280,346\\n301,420\\n600.199\\n1,569 755\\n1 977.359\\n2,167,426\\nrsoiial property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv,for years 1880\\n1885. and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n18S5.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nKye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nv\\n122,048\\n140.079\\n123,777\\n2,449\\nnone\\n22 542\\nnone\\n64.838\\n417.933\\n296.568\\n3,145\\n215\\n2,568\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\n100,000\\n1,076,660\\n412,500\\n4,088\\n1,134\\n2 795\\n56,560", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "326 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of c*unty, 1870, ,468; 1885, 7,44w. Landi\\nproved, 1880, 48,914 acres; 1885, 7(5,811 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 8G2;\\n1885, 953. Average size of farms, 1880, fifty- seven acres; 1885; eighty-one\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887. $4.62. Count v indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $21,017. Potato crop, 1885, 23,529 bushels. Wool clip\\n82,915 pounds. Dairy and other form products, 1885: milk, 2,474 gallons;\\nbutter, 243,494 pounds; cheese, 955 pounds; e*gs, 187,031 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address..\\nI\\nCountv Clerk Joseph Zitka Tyndall\\nTreasurer Paul Landmann Tyndall\\nSheriff John R Petri e Tyndall\\nClerk District Court Chas. H. StilwiU Tyndall\\nProbate Judge W. T. Williams Tyndall\\nRegister oi Deeds Joseph Zitka Tyndall\\nAttorney James I). Elliott Tyndall\\nSuperintendent of Schools Francis Richmond Tyndall\\nSurveyor B. E. Wood Springfield...\\nCoroner Dr. O. Richmond Tyndall\\nAssessor C. Haney Tyndall\\nf E. J. Monfore, (chairman) S ri\\nj James P. Cooler Bm Homme.\\nCommissioners i Phiheas Crandall Loretta\\nI T. H. Abbott Tyndall\\nW. E. Barawell Scotland\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887,\\nAvon Loretta Tabor\\nBonHomme Myrtle Tynd li.\\nChoteau Creek Running Water Wanari..,\\nDalystown Scotland Worms....\\nHawlejek Springfield\\nBO REMAN COUNTY\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory. Unorganized.\\nBoreman county is contained within the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY IN 1887. _\\nFort Yates.\\nBOTTINEAU COUNTY\\nArea, 852,480 acres. Created January 4, 1873. Boundaries changed,\\n1883, part toWynn; changed again, March 11, 1887. Organized, May 13,\\n1884, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following com-\\nmissioners, viz.: William F. Simerall, Albert C. Barnes, Lorenzo D. Dana.\\nBottineau county lies on the northern boundary line, half-way between\\nthe east and west boundaries of the Territory. Principal stream is the\\nMouse, which flows, in a northwesterly direction, through the entire width,\\nof the county. A great number of lakes and ponds of every size, from a\\nfew rods in diameter to several miles in length, are scattered over the\\nTurtle Mountains, and in the eastern part ot Bottineau county. Timber\\ngrows along the banks of the Mouse river, as, also, on the mountains, or\\nhills, before mentioned. The surface is gentl} r rolling in character, with\\nthe exception of the Turtle Mountains, only a part of which are in this\\ncounty. These mountains, or, rather, hills, vary in height from 200 to 700\\nfeet, and cover, altogether, in Bottineau and Rolette counties, an area\\nabout forty miles long by about twenty to thirty broad. The soil of the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "RESOUECES OF DAKOTA\\n327\\ncounty is a rich, black loam, with an underlying sub-soil of clay. Lignite\\ncoal is found in Bottineau county, along the Mouse ri^er. A good quality\\nof brick and potter s clay is also found.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railroad,\\n(Bottineau and Rugby Junction line,) twenty-one miles; stations: Willow\\nCity, Bottineau.\\nVacant public lands, 12,320 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nOne bank does business in the county, viz: Bottineau County Bank, at\\nBottineau. E. A. Harmon, president; M. S. Harmon, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPioneer, Noble Bennett, editors and publishers, Bottineau; Free\\nLance, Bottineau Publishing Co., publishers, Bottineau; Dakota Eagle,\\nJacob P. Hagar, editor and publisher, McKae.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nBottineau, near the center, is the county seat. It has a popula ion of\\n350; school-house, of the value of $1,400. Presbyterian and baptist\\nchurch-buildings, to cost $2,500, under construction. The town is but a\\nfew months old, and is not incorporated.\\nschools, (statistics 18 G.)\\nNumber of organized townships, live; school population, 194; number of\\nschool-houses in district, two; number of school-houses built in 1886, one;\\naverage monthly pay of teachers, males, $35.00; females, $25.00; value of all\\nschool property $485.05; expended for school purposes during year end-\\nind June 30, 1886, 8912.31 cash remaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886,\\n$138,89: paramount of school bonds outstanding June 30,1886,8400; aver-\\nage rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school war-\\nrants outstanding June 30, 1883, $91.48.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885 134 21 1,727 217 125 $39,702\\n1886 216 24 1,926 124 183 60,685\\n1887!! 415 17 1,220 483 75,462\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nI Acres Real Valliatl m Town Lots Personal Prop-| ^Ltf o^f\\near j Estate. valuation. valuation, eriy valuation. county\\n18 85 120 S 600 S 850 ,512 66,664\\n18S6 5,134 15.397 29,749 105,831\\n1887 16,895 1 64 374 j 48,808 188 699\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, an d 1887\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nnone\\nnone\\n71 one\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n8,016\\n139\\n10,322\\n149,079\\n680\\n126 672\\n52\\n1,644\\nnone\\n6 912\\nFlax\\n140\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 818 .Lands improved, 1885, 7,215\\nacres. Number of farms, 18S5, 261. Average size of farms, 1885, twenty-eight\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, 83.81. Count v indebt-\\nedness, 1887, 88,457. Potato crop, 1885, 5,569 bushels. Wool-clip, 1885,\\n2,554 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 12,030 pounds;\\ncheese, 100 pounds; eggs, 5,251 dozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "328 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nsheriff.\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judjie\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools.\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nCommissioners.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nGeo. J. Coulthard..\\nPeter B,. Ferguson.\\nP. J. Ferguson\\nJohn W. Bennett...,\\nA. Thompson\\nGeo. J. (oulihard..\\nVirgil B. Noble\\nFred W. Cathro\\nOle Hornimann\\nAlex. Maclav\\nGeo. H. Weed\\nEzra Turner\\nLevi Mellon\\nJas. W. Greiner\\nLewis Biunelle\\nJames Cudhie\\nBottineau..,\\nBottineau..,\\nBottineau...\\nBottineau-\\nBottineau..\\nBottineau..\\nBott neau..\\nBottineau..\\nBottineau..\\nBottineau..\\nLordsburg.\\nBottineau..\\nBottineau\\nBottineau\\nTarsus\\nMcRae\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBOTTINEAU.\\n.Lordsburg McKae.\\n.Tarsus.\\nBOWMAN COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 8, 1883, from part of Billings. Unorganized.\\nBowman county ]ies on the western boundary of the Territory, just\\nnorth of the 46th parallel. No Government surveys have yet been made\\nin the county.\\nVacant public lands, 337,920 acres.\\nPopulation of county, 1S85, 162.\\nBROOKINGS COUNTY.\\nArea, 518,400 acres. Created April 5, 1862. Boundaries changed, Jan-\\nuary 31, 1871, part oi Hanson; changed again January 8, 1873, parts to\\nLake and Moody. Organized January 31, 1871; Martin Trygstadt, L. M.\\nHe whit, Elias Thompson, appointed commissioners, and Medary desig-\\nnated as county seat, by act of Legislature.\\nBrookings county is situated in the southeastern part of the Territory, in\\nthe first tier of counties west of the Minnesota line, and the fifth county\\nnorth of the Nebraska boundary. Principal streams are the Big Sioux,\\nwhich flows through the county from north to south, and its feeders,\\nthe Medary, Six Mile, and Deer creeks. Principal lakes, Poinsett, Te-\\ntonka, Hendricks, Sinai, and Oak. Native timber grows along the Big Sioux,\\nand around lakes Tetonka and Hendricks. Surface, rolling prairie. Soil,\\na black, vegetable loam, from one to four feet deep, with clay sub- soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (main\\nline,) thirty-five miles; stations: Elkton, Aurora, Brookings Volga;\\n(Watertown Brookings branch,) fifteen miles; stations: Brookings,\\nBruce. Total, fifty miles. Burlington, Cedar Rapids Northern, (main\\nline,) twenty-eight miles; stations: White, Bushnell, Elkton. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, seventy-eight.\\nVacant public lands, 1,865 acres.\\nHANKS.\\nThere are nine banks doing business in the county, as follows: Bank\\nof Aurora, at Aurora, J. H. Kelsey, president; B. J. Kelsey, cashier.\\nBanking house of C. S. Ricker, at Aurora. Bank of Brookings, at Brook-\\nings, W. H. Morehouse, president; Geo. Morehouse, cashier. First Na-\\ntional Bank, at Brookings, T. L. FishLack, president; Horace Fishback,\\ncashier. Merchants Bank, at Brookings, Thomas Oldham, president; R.\\nS. Lyon, cashier. Citizens Bank, at Elkton, H. S. Murphy, president;\\nE. F Onstine, cashier. Bank of Volga, at Volga, Win. Fisher, president;", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n6-29\\nCharles F. Eager, cashier. Merchants Bank, at Volga. Citizens Ex-\\nchange Bank, at White, E. C. Holden, president; N. H. Holden, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTimes, H. S. Murphy, editor and publisher, Aurora; Brookings County\\nSentinel, Whiting Bros., editors and publishers, Brookings; Brookings\\nCounty Press, G. W. TIopp, editor and publisher, Brookings; Record, J.\\nL. Pratt, publisher, Elkton; Tribune, Thomas. VV. Bishop, editor and pub-\\nlisher, Volga.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nThe city of Brookings, a few miles south of the center, is the county\\nseat. It has a population of 1,500; school-buildings of the value of \u00c2\u00a74,000;\\npresbyterian, baptist, methodist, Lutheran, Norwegian, and catholic church\\nedifices, valued at \u00c2\u00a712,000; court-house, valued at $8,000: city-hall, valued\\nat $2,000; flour-mill, valued at \u00c2\u00a725,000; creamery, valued at \u00c2\u00a75,000; flax-\\nmill, valued at $1,000; brick- yard, etc. Artesian well contracted for. The\\nDakota Agricultural college is located at Brookings. For a description or\\nthe college, see page 197 of this publication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAurora, a few miles southeast of Brookings; population, 400; two-story\\nschool building, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,000; methodist church-building, valued at\\n$1,500; cheese factory flour-mill, valued at \u00c2\u00a710,000. Elkton, in the ex-\\ntreme southeast; population, 600; school-building, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,500; baptist\\nand catholic church-buildings, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,000; shirt factory, valued at\\n\u00c2\u00a74,000. Assessed valuation of city property, 1886, real, $45,000; personal,\\n\u00c2\u00a725,000; total, \u00c2\u00a770,000. Volga, west of Brookings; population, 5 KJ, school-\\nbuilding, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,500; presbyterian and congregational church-build-\\nings, valued at \u00c2\u00a73,500; jail and engine house; fiour-mill, valued at \u00c2\u00a710,000.\\nWhite, in the northeast; population, 200; school-building, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,500;\\nmethodist and presbyterian church-buildings, valued at \u00c2\u00a74,500; a \u00c2\u00a710,000\\nflour- mill contracted for.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty-six; school population, 2,313;\\nnumber of school houses in district, eighty-nine; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, six; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $31.60; females,\\n\u00c2\u00a726.00; value of all school property, \u00c2\u00a740,483.00; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a735,915.10; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30. 1883, \u00c2\u00a77,473.17; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a743,975.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, nine per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants ou standing June 3D, 1883, \u00c2\u00a71,676.72.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\njMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n188.\\n188G\\n1887\\n1,164\\n4.019\\n4,651\\n5,214\\n97\\n211\\n199\\n182\\n3 486\\n7,774\\n9,283\\n11,101\\n759\\n8.172\\n8 619\\n3,181\\n950\\n4.880\\n3 807\\n2,179\\n267 182\\n405.488\\n429,568\\nYear.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Pro;).\\nerty valuation\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n51.867\\n654.684\\n1.105 969\\n1,266.867\\n*5 208 145\\n244.409\\n395.612\\n260. 012\\n1885 1\\n1886\\n1887\\n274.979\\n293.511\\n340.^\\n116.860\\n240 822\\n236.337\\n1 283.1 85\\n2.147.921\\n2,296.11(1\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "330 RESOURCES OE DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\n77 616\\n831,707\\n51790\\n690.977\\n3.191\\n2,969\\n157,082\\n810,000\\n144.000\\n742.000\\n5,000\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\n13.625\\n75.456\\n110\\n5,250\\nBarlev\\nFlax\\n9.672\\nnone\\n208,fe00\\n150.000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870. 1(33; 1880. 4,905; 1885, 8,288. Lands improved,\\n1880, 31,254 acres; 1885, 155,550 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 729; 1885,\\n1,472. Average size of farms, 1880, forty three acres; 1885, 100 acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, 83.71. County indebted-\\nness, 1887, $7,2 i5. Potato crop, 1885, 51,040 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n19,327 pounds. Daily and other farm products, 1885: butter, 206,017\\npounds; cheese, 695 pounds; eggs, 150,837 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IX 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nW. H. Cornell\\nWm. Nicholson\\nPeter Balgord\\nBrookings\\nSheriff\\nVolga\\nClerk District Court\\nLonis Patnaud\\nbrool i i -i\\nRegister of Deeds\\nBurre H. Lein\\nJ. O Andrews\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nO. H. Parker\\nJ. A. Hegemann\\nBrookings\\nBrookings\\nCoroner Dr. M. B Mattice, Elkton\\nThos. R. Qualev, (chairman) Brookings.\\nI. Atkinson White\\nCommissioners E. A Kinney Estelline,..\\nj Martin Stumley Volga\\nM. E. Donohoe Aurora\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IX COUNTY, 1887.\\nArgo Bushnell Prairie Farm\\nAurora Elkton Volga\\nBrookings Laketon White\\nBruce Oak wood\\nBROWN COUNTY\\nArea, 1,105, 920 acres. Created, February 22, 1879. from parts of Beadle and\\nMills. Organized, July 20, 1880, by appointment, by the Governor, of the\\nfollowing commissioners, -viz.: John R. James, Don. C. McKenzie,\\nClarence D. Johnson.\\nBrown, a James river valley county, is situated just south of the 40th\\nparallel, and midway between the Missouri river and the Minnesota state\\nline. Principal streams are the James, which winds in a southerly direc-\\ntion through the county, dividing it into two nearly equal parts; the\\nMaple, the Elm rivers, and Willow, Moccasin, Foot, and Mud creeks. Lake\\nColumbia is a sheet of water about a mile in width. There are several\\nsmaller lakes scattered over the county. Some timber is found, at inter-\\nvals, along the banks of the James. Surface, a rolling prairie and river\\nvalley. Soil, a rich loam.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 331\\nMiles of railroad incounty: Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway,\\n(mainline,) thirty-seven miles; stations: Groton, Bath, Aberdeen; (James\\nRiver line,) forty-eii*ht miles; stations: Warner, Aberdeen, Westport,\\nFrederick. Total, eighty-five miles. Chicago Northwestern railway,\\n(Huron-Oakes line,) fifty-five miles; stations: Rudolph, Aberdeen, Ord-\\nway, Columbia, Houghton, Hecla; (Doland extension,) eighteen miles; sta-\\ntions: Ferney, Verndon and Groton. Total, seventy-three miles. St. Paul,\\nMinneapolis^ Manitoba railroad, (Aberdeen-Rutland line,) twenty four\\nmiles; stations: Aberdeen, Hadley, Putney, Huffton, Claremont. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, 182.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are eleven banks doing business in the county, as follows: Aber-\\ndeen National Bank, at Aberdeen, J. T. McChesney, president; Robert\\nMoody, cashier. First National Bank, at Aberdeen, S. H. Jumper, presi-\\ndent; G. L. Cadwell, Jr., cashier. Hagerty Marple, at Aberdeen.\\nP ank of Claremont, at Claremont, F. H. Hagerty, president; R. A. Mather,\\ncashier. Bank of Columbia, at Columbia, Wm. Davidson president.\\nFirst National Bank, at Columbia, II. C. Sessions, president; A. Baker,\\ncashier. Loomis Corry,at Columbia. Bank of Frederick, at Frederick,\\nF. II. Magerty, president; J. C. Simmons, cashier. Bank of Groton, at\\nGroton, L. II. Neif, cashier. Farmers Bank, at Groton, F. D. Adams,\\npresident; IT. S. West, cashier. Bank of Westport, at Westport, C. B.\\nShouse, president.\\nNEWSPAPERS\\nRepublican, C. B. Barrett, editor and publisher, Aberdeen; Dakota\\nPioneer, John H. Drake, editor and publisher, Aberdeen; Daily News,\\nStarling Torrey,editorsand publishers, Aberdeen Dakota Catholic Amer-\\nican, Rev. Father Hair, editor, P. P. Orth, manager, Aberdeen Dakota\\nProhibitionist, F. IT. Shoals E. R. Yallandingham, editors, Aberdeen;\\nThe Observer, W. A. Moore C. J. C. McLeod, editors and publishers,\\nAberdeen; The Gazette, W. C. Allen, editor and publisher, Claremont;\\nDispatch and Tribune, C. S. Baxter, publisher, Columbia; Brown County\\nSentinel, (lias. E. Baldwin, editor, Columbia; Free Press, W. W. Wilson,\\neditor, Detroit; Free Press, R. E. and F. .7. Kenyon, editors and publish-\\ners, Frederick; Mirror, E. L. Spehce, editor and publisher, Frederick;\\nIndependent, Reeves Cole, publishers, Groton; Leader, M. V. B. Scrib-\\nner, editor, Groton; Sun, C. J. C. McLeod, editor, Warner; Volcano, W.\\nS. Baxter, editor- nd publisher, Hecla; Messenger, Ezra Elliot, publisher,\\nPutney.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nAberdeen, south and west of the center, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 5,000; brick school-buildings, valued at $18,000; baptist,\\nmethodist, presbyterian, and catholic church edifices, valued at $25,000;\\ncourt-house; engine-house; fifteen stall round-house; water-works (arte-\\nsian,) valued at $25,000; electric light plant, valued at $12,000; creamery;\\nflour-mill; plow factory and spark-arrester manufactory together, valued\\nat $100,000. Assessed valuation city property, Si ,080,450.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBath, east of Aberdeen; population 150; school-building, valued at $2,000;\\nmethodist church-building, valued at $2,500. Claremont, on the eastern\\nboundary; population, 300: two grain elevators; flour-mill in prospect.\\nColumbia, on the James river population 1,0\u00c2\u00bb)0; school-buildings, valued\\nat $5,000; congregational, baptist, catholic, andlutheran church edifices,\\nvalued at $7,600; water-works (artesian) system, valued at $9,000 flour-\\nmill, valued at $18,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1880, real,\\n$80,530; personal, $80,720; total, $1(51,250. Detroit*, in the northeast; popu-\\nlation, fifty school-building, valued at $700; methodist church-building,\\nvalued at $1,200. Frederick, in the northwest; population, 450, school-\\nbuildinu valued at $1,400; methodist and catholic church edifices, valued\\nat $3,000; flour-mill, valued at $23,000. Assessed valuati.on city property,\\n1880, real, $(50,000; personal, $50,000; total, $110,000. Groton, in the east,\\npopulation, 700; school-building, valued at $3,500; presbyterian and epis-", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "332\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ncopal church-buildings, valued at $4,000; water-works (artesian) svstem,\\nvalued at $8,000; flour-mill, valued at $30,000; Groton college wit ribuild-\\nings, valued at $10,000. Assessed valuation city propertv, 1880, real,\\n$140,675; personal, $82,345, total, 1223,020. Ordvvay, on the James river,\\nnear the center of the county; population, 300; school-buildings, valued at\\n$4,000; creamery; grain elevator, etc. Warner, in the south; population,\\n200; school-building, valued at $2,000; methodist church-building, valued\\nat $1,800, and four grain elevators. Assessed valuation city propertv,\\n1886, $60,d00. Westport, north of Aberdeen; population, 100; school-build-\\ning valued at $1,500. Assessed valuation city property, 1880, $15,000. Huff-\\ntoii, in ihe east; population, 100; church edifice, valued at $1,500; grain\\nelevators, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 18S6.)\\nNumber of organized townships, sixteen; school population, 3,155: num-\\nber of school-houses in district, 12G; number of school-houses built in\\n1880, nineteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, 635.05; females,\\n$29.04; value of all school property, $114,656.98; expended for school pur-\\nposes during j-ear ending June 30, 1886, $51,520.89; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1880, $13,409.10; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $100,500.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$4,700.42\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n5,240\\n7.o \\\\2\\n8,832\\n531\\n572\\n512\\n6.213\\n7,985\\n10,060\\n2,864\\n1,939\\n1.599\\n2,936\\n2 575\\nValuation.\\n413.962\\n467,502\\n874.700\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\niPersona-Prop,^-^\\nerty valuation. \u00e2\u0084\u00a2g\u00c2\u00a3 on\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n561.498\\n592 569\\n628,936\\n$1,617,505\\n2 080.068\\n3,441 930\\n429.464\\n481.882\\n1,441,885\\n609.369 $3,070,300\\n705 936 I 3 735 488\\n1,404,218 7,162,763\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n18S0.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBush. Is in\\n1887..\\nWheat\\nCorn\\n21\\n100\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n1.807.801\\n169,072\\n858,413\\n107\\n1,210\\n58,667\\n4,009 887\\n585 900\\nOats\\n2,773,164\\n6 460\\nnone\\n470.680\\n107,004\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax.!\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 353; 1885, 12,241. Lands improved, 1880,\\n468 acres; 18S5, 248,346 acres. Number of farms, 1880, twenty-eight; 1885,\\n2,438. Average size of farms, 1880, seventeen acres; 1885, 102 acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1886. $3.51. The county has no in-\\ndebtedness. Potato crop, 1885, 140,701 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,6,632\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 60,400 gallons; butter,\\n24/, 458 pounds; cheese, 470 pounds; eggs, 113,402 dozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AM) POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor S. C. Hedger Columbia\\nTreasurer |H. S Williams [Columbia\\nSheriff I James L Cherry Aberdeen.\\nClerk District Court E. K. Lodewiefe Columbia.\\nProbate Judge J. R. Beebe Columbia.\\nRegister of Deeds ;J. A. Houlahan Columbia.\\nAttorney James Wells Columbia.\\nSuperintendent of Schools C. J. McLeod Columbia.\\nSurveyor A. J. Pierce Aberdeen.\\nCoroner W. J. Evans Groton\\nC. W. Swift Aberdeen.\\nW. I. Steere Randell....\\nCommissioners E. J. Mather .Groton\\nI Fred B. Smith Hecla\\nI II. Barna d Frederick.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAberdeen\\nAmherst\\nBath\\n1\\nGem\\nGroton\\nHecla\\nHoughton\\nHwffton\\nMansfield\\nMurray\\nOrdway\\nPlana\\nPutnev\\nRandell\\nRudolph\\nColumbia\\nSanta Clara\\nClaremout\\nDetroit\\nVerdon\\nDodge\\nFerney\\nFrederick\\nWest port\\nBRULE COUNTY.\\nArea, 537,600 acres. Created. January 14, 1875, from part of Buffalo.\\nThe boundaries were changed March 9, 1883, part from Buffalo. The\\ncounty was organized, January 14, 1875, by act of Legislature H. M. Leedy,\\nGeorge Trimmer, and James Blacketor appointed commissioners,\\nand Brule City designated as county seat. In January, 1875, President\\nGrant issued a proclamation, declaring certain portions of this county as\\nstill constituting part of the Indian lands, and warning settlers to vacate.\\nThe lands were again opened to settlement, August 9, 1879, by an Execu-\\ntive order of President Mayes, and, on September 8, 1879, the Governor\\nreorganized the county, by the appointment of the following commission-\\ners, viz.: Marvin 11. Somers, Fred C. Livermore, and Arthur C. Van Meter.\\nBrule coumy is situated in the southern part of the Territory, on the\\neast bank of the Missouri river, and is the second county north of the Ne-\\nbraska boundary. Principal streams are the Missouri, forming the west-\\nern boundary of the county; and Smith and American creeks. Red Lake,\\nnot far from the center of the county, is a sheet of water about twelve\\nmiles long by six wide. A number of smaller lakes and ponds are dis-\\ntributed over the county. Timber grows along the banks of the Missouri,\\nand on American island quite a large island in the channel of the Mis-\\nsouri, opposite the city of Chamberlain. The surface-is a broad prairie,\\nbroken by the bluffs along the Missouri river, and Bijou Hills covering\\nan area of eight or ten square miles in the southwestern portion of the\\ncounty. Soil, a deep, rich, loam. The Winnebago Indian, reservation\\ncovers about tour of the northwestern townships.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) twenty-nine miles; stations: Kimball, Pukwana, Chamber-\\nlain, Plainheld.\\nVacant public lands, 9.(500 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are six hanks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nBijou Hills, Bijou Hills; Brule Cottnty Bank, Chamberlain, A. G. Kellam,\\npresident: E. YY~. Skerry, cashier. First National Bank, at Chamberlain,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "531\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nI). H. Henry, president; Patrick Henry, cashier. Farmers and Traders\\nBank, at Kimball, H. E. Gates, president; L. A. Foote. cashier. Henry\\nCase, at Kimball, I). II. Henry, president; A. 0. Whitbeck, cashier.\\nBank of Pukwana, at Pukwana, E. B. Taft, president; W. M. Pratt, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTimes, J. R. Lowe, editor and publisher, Bijou Hills; Dakota Democrat,\\nDan F. Burkholder, publisher. Chamberlain; The Register, G. R. Owen,\\neditor and publisher, Chamberlain; Index, W. L. Thorndyke, publisher,\\nKimball; Brule Real Estate Journal, C. D. Savage, editor and publisher,\\nKimball; The Graphic, C. R. Tinan, publisher, Kimball; The Press, R. E.\\nShipley, editor and publisher, Pukwana.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nThe city of Chamberlain, on the Missouri liver, is the county seat. It\\nhas a population of 1,51)0; school-buildings; congregational and baptist\\nchurch-edifices; water-works system, valued at $25,000; opera-house, val-\\nued at $15,000 Hour-mill, valued at $25,001 county jail; machine shops, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nKimball, east of the center, population, 1,000; school-buildings, valued\\n100; methodist, catholic, and presbyterian church edifices, valued at\\n$12,000; water works (artesian,) system, valued at $8,000; flour-mill, val-\\nued at $18,000; assessed valuation of city, 1880, real, $138,000; personal,\\n875.000; total. $213,000. Pukwana, between Chamberlain and Kimball,\\npopulation, 500; school-building, valued at 84,0( 0; methodist, congrega-\\ntional, and lutheran church-edifices; assessed valuation, 1880. real, $50,000;\\npersonal, 820,000: total, $70,0000.\\nschools, (statistics 188G.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty; school population, 1,773; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, seventy-five; number of school- houses\\nbuilt in 1886, live; average monthly pay of teachers, males, 828.50; females,\\n\u00c2\u00a728.08; value of all school property, $16,127.85; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 188(5, $25,692.98; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1880. $2,909.73; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 188(5, 841,150: amount of school variants outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $5,556.32.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHordes.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nattle.\\njheep.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1SS\\n11\\n677\\n1SS5\\n3,108\\n187\\n5 383\\n1886\\n3,432\\n181\\n6 656\\n1887\\nP,158\\n177\\n7,538\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n562\\n453\\n586\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\n3.024\\n2 678\\n2,135\\n$163,348\\n175.459\\n19(3.291\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncoiintv.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n18S7\\n168.817\\nis,; 890\\n8 42 056\\n511.347\\n517 910\\n625 237\\nsis;;. 61D\\n212,521\\n22;;.2su\\n20 027\\n1117,579\\n174.330\\n123.271\\ns 62,083\\n1,028.884\\n1.110.220\\n1,168.081\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880.\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBush Is in\\n1S80.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat none\\nCorn 3 370\\nOats none\\nRye none\\nBuckwheat none\\nBarley none\\nFlax none\\n264 550\\n385,000\\n170.836\\n905,976\\n247.445\\n381,316\\n1,242\\n6,000\\n702\\n750\\n9,987\\n40 ,26\\n51,660", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 335\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 238; 1885. 7,524 Lauds improved, 1880,\\n2,052 acres; 1885, 71,411 acres. Number of farms, 1880, seventy-five; 1885,\\n1,226. Average si/e of farms, 1880, twenty-seven acres; 1885, fifty-eight\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.08. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $22,807. Potato crop, 1885, 80,710 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n4,548 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 08,548 gallons;\\nbutter, 87,695 pounds; cheese, 1,788 pounds; eggs, 04,941 do/en.\\nNAME AND PQSTO FFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nJ. W. Orcutt\\nChamberlain\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0i. E. Jenkins\\nE. P. Ochsner\\nD. W. Spalding\\nW. Gravbill\\nJ. VV. Orcutt\\nSheriff..\\nKimball\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nChamberlain\\nChamberlain\\nJ. 4. Stroube\\nAlice J. Sanborn\\nRcottHaves\\nJ. C. Hollinger\\nAlbert Peterson\\nE. VV. Skeiry\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nPukwana\\nChamberlain\\nKimball\\nr\\ni\\nChamberlain\\nC M Austin\\nL. S. House\\ni\\nKimball\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBijou Hills Kirkwood\\nChamberlain LvonvMe\\nCoyle jOla\\nDunlap iPlainfield.\\nKimball Ployd\\nBUFFALO COUNTY.\\nArea, 209.520 acres. As created originally, January 6, 1864, Buffalo\\ncounty contained within its boundaries, nearly all of Dakota outside of a\\nfew coun ties in the southeast. Its boundaries were changed January 18,\\n1871, and, by the same act of the Legislature, the county was organized\\nby the naming of Henry Waller, John Beeves, and George Choteau,\\ncounty commissioners. The area of this county has been reduced, from\\ntime to time, by numerous acts of the Legislature, namely: January 8,\\n1878, January 10, 1873, and March 9, 1888. Buffalo county, as now bounded,\\nwas organized, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following\\ncommisioners, viz.: Chas. A. Osman, John Finencane and J. P. Cleve-\\nland.\\nBuffalo county lies on the east bank of the Missouri river, the third\\ncounty north of the Nebraska state line. Principal streams are the\\nMissouri river, the western boundary of the county, and its affluents. Sol-\\ndier. Crow, Campbell, and Elm creeks Box Elder is a tributary of Crow\\ncreek. Considerable native timber grows along the Missouri river and\\nthe smaller streams. Surface, roughly rolling in the western pait, adja-\\ncent to the river; in the eastern part, prairie. Soil, a rich black loam,\\nwith a sub-soil of yellowish, clayey, marl. The greater part of the county\\nis included within the boundaries of the Winnebago Indian reservation.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nGann Valley, in the east, is the county scat.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, five; school population, 200; number\\nof school-houses in district, three; number oi school-houses built in 1880,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "336\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nthree average monthly pay of teachers, males, $21.67; females, $21.70;\\nvalue of all school property, $205.83; expended for school purposes during\\nyear ending June 30, 1886, $1,421.52; cash remaining in school treasury,\\nJune 30, 1838, $231.33; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $149.85.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHordes.\\nMules and!\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n426\\n419\\n486\\n773\\n1,014\\n1,024\\n40\\n313\\n164\\n327\\n381\\n273\\n28,472\\n38,849\\n89,2-15\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nA r aluation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nI Personal Pr p\\nerty valuation\\nI Total assessed\\nvaluation oi\\ni county.\\n1885 20,860 58,354 20,866 j 107.692\\n1886 32 182 82,670 I 673 22,438 144. 630\\n1887 41,67 6 103.055 655 21091 164.046\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887. __ _\\nBushels in Bushels in I Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat 240 4,436 45,900\\nCorn 430 12.133 67,149\\nOats 600 5,608 58,680\\nRye none none 1612\\nBuckwheat none 20 300\\nBarky none 80 7,125\\nFlax. none 20,420\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of comitv, 1S80, pixtv-three; 1885, 864. Lands improved,\\n1880, 122 acres; 1885, 8.305 acres. Number of farms, 1880. two; 1885, 247.\\nAverage size of farms, 18S0, sixtv one acres; 1885, thirty-four acres. Aver-\\nage assessed valuition per acre, 1887, \u00c2\u00a72.47. County indebtedness, 18S7,\\n$2,600. Potato crop, 1885, 3,217 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 128 pounds.\\nDairy products, 1885: butter. 2,260 pounds.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk A. H. Orvis Buffalo Center.\\nTreasurer Wm. J. Hughes Buffalo Center..\\nSheriff. Stillman Moultou Gann Valley....\\nclerk District Court John A. Kyle Buffalo Center..\\nProbate Judge IS. K. King\\nRegister of Deeds A. H. Orv\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent oi Schools Harry McCrady.\\nSurveyor Hugh Donahue.\\nBuffalo Center..\\nBuffalo Center..\\nDuncan\\nWaterbuiy, Jerauld\\nCounty\\nCoroner A. J. Woolcdge Eldorado\\nAssessor Samuel Robb Duncan\\nf Lloyd Thorn, (chairman) Waterbury, Jerauld\\nCommissioners i T tounty\\nHenry Klmdt Duncan\\nA/L. VanBuskirk [Eldorado\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IX COUNTY, 1887.\\nBuffalo Center Eldorado Richards.\\nCrow Creek Uann ValLky Vega\\nDuncan Lougland", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 337\\nBUFORD COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 8, 1883, from part of Wallette. Unorganized.\\nBuford county is situated in the extreme northwestern part of the\\nTerritory. Principal streams are the Missouri river, the southern boun-\\ndary of the county, and Muddy, and Sandy creeks. A portion of the Fort\\nBuford military reservation lies within Buford county. The lands of\\nBuford county are unsurveyed as yet.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba rail-\\nwav, thirty miles; stations: Williston, (Little Muddy,) Siding 20, Fort\\nBuford.\\nVacant public lands, 934,400 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nBeacon, McGahon Wilson, editors and publishers, Williston.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1885, 524. Lands improved, 1885, 2,930 acres.\\nNumber of farms, 1885, sixteen. Average size of farms, 1885, 183 acres.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFort Bufurd Williston\\nBURDICK COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 8, 1883, from part of Harding county. Unorganized.\\nBurdick county is on the western boundary of the Territory, north of\\nthe Black Hills/ No Government surveys have been made in this county.\\nVacant public lands, 030,000 acres.\\nPopulation of county 1885, 75.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCamp Crook Nashville.\\nBURLEIGH COUNTY.\\nArea, 1,300,000 acres, Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries were changed February 10, 1X79; changed again February 8,\\n1881, parts from Morton and Mercer; changed again in 1883, part to\\nMcLean; changed again March 10, 1885, parts to Kidder and McLean.\\nThe county was organized by the appointment, by the Governor, of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: James A. Emmons, John P. Dunn, and William\\nH. Mercer.\\nBurleigh county lies north of the center of the Territory and midway\\nbetween the east and west Territorial boundary lilies. Principal streams\\nare the Missouri river, which forms the western boundary of the county,\\nand Apple and Burnt creeks. A number of lakes and ponds are distrib-\\nuted over the county the largest of which, Long lake, in the southeast, is\\nabout twenty miles long by one mile wide. An abundance of timber is\\ntound along the banks and covering the islands of the Missouri river.\\nA small part of the Fort Rice military reservation lies within Burleigh\\ncounty. Surface, rolling prairie and river bottoms. In the neighborhood\\nof the Missouri river, the surface is somewhat broken and hilly. Soil,\\nlight, sandy loam, mixed with vegetable mold.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific (main line) 37.3 miles;\\nstations: Driscoll, Sterling, McKenzie, Menoken, Apple Creek, Bismarck.\\nTotal, 37.3.\\nVacant public lands, 284,320 acres.\\nPANES.\\nThere are four banks doing busines in the county, as follows: Bismarck Na-\\ntional Bank, Bismarck, J. W. Raymond president; W. B. Bell, cashier.\\nCapital National Rank, at Bismarck, C. B. Little, president; E. L. Whit-\\nford, cashier. First National Bank, at Bismarck, Asa Fisher, president;", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "33S RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA.\\n0. H. Whitaker, cashier. Mellon Bros. Bank, at Bismarck, D. W. Dickey,\\ncashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Tribune, M. H. Jewell, editor and publisher, Bismarck. Dakota\\nSettler, W. P. Moffet A. Gray, editors and publishers, Bismarck.\\nCOUNTY SEAT\\nThe city of Bismarck, on the Missouri river, the Capital of the Terri-\\ntory, is the county seat. It has a population of 4,500; three school-build-\\nings, valued at $30,000; catholic, presbyterian, methodist, episcopal, baptist,\\nand Lutheran church edifices, valued at $21,000; city-hall, court-house and\\njail, opera house, valued at $25,000; water-works system, valued at $100,000;\\nelectric light plant, valued at $50,000; brewery and malt-house, valued at\\n$1 00,000; flour-mill, valued at $50,000; cold storage house, etc. Assessed\\nvaluation of citv property, 1886, real, $1,1 23,728; personal, $488,755; total,\\n$1,012,483.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nSterling, east of Bismarck; population 200; school-building, valued at\\n$1,000; two church-buildings, valued at $3,500.\\nPainted Woods, on the Missouri river, in the northwest; population 200;\\nschool-building, valued at $900.\\nschools, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty two; school population, 938;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, 123; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, nine; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $46.00; females,\\n$35.43; value of all school property, $61,365.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 188;;, $25,244.90; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury June 30, 1880, $3,040.53; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1880, $20,000.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per\\ncent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1880. $855.56.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n338\\n1,549\\n1,846\\n1,816\\n35\\n213\\n238\\n1 179\\n1,338\\n2.141\\n2.590\\n3.072\\n1\\n1,352\\n1 ,532\\n1.497\\n199\\n633\\n1,232\\n679\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n$138,570\\n176,493\\nL52.276\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear Acres Real valuation Town Lots Personal Prop- ^^S^\\nYear Estate. lua O n valuation, erty valuation. JJuntv.\\n1880 I 390,776 *#259.854 65\\n1885 157,000 789,455 $1,200,145 487,896 2,616,066\\n1886 281,052 915.902 1,122.270 570.501 2,791,166\\n1887 568,842 1,718,847 1 161,5 70 464,052 16,745\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n18S5 and 1887.\\nBushels\\n1880.\\nin\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\n9,334\\n66,124\\n55\\nnon-\\n259. G97\\nis, 630\\n317.275\\n60\\n5 439\\n198,000\\nCora\\nOats\\n56.500\\nnone\\nBarley\\n69\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 3,24(5; 1885. 5.354; Lands improved, 1880,\\n10,040 acres; 1885, 44,91C acres. Number of farms, 1880, 143; 1885. 713..\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, seventy acres; 1885, sixty-three acres. Aver-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 339\\nid valuation per acre, 1887,13.02. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n1122,950. Potatocrop, 1885, 84,440 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 9,723 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 23,114 gallons; butter\\npounds; cheese, 900 pounds; eggs, 20 725 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE A DURESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IX 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nAudi to i F. V. Barnes Bismarck\\nTreasurer Robert Macnider Bismarck\\nSheriff Krank Donelly Bismarck\\nClerk Distriet Court O. II. Holt..... Bismarck\\nProbate Judge B. Little Bismarck.\\nRegister ol D jed^ John H. Richards Bismarck\\nAttorney Louis Ilanitch Bismarck\\nSuperintendent of Schools VV. if. Winchester BismarcK\\nSuveyor John Bowen Bismarck\\nCoroner B. R. Gage Kismarck\\nII. P. Bogue Bismarck\\nM. .1. Edgerly Bismarck\\nCommissioners 12. S. Neal Menoken.\\nG. VV. Johnson Painted Woods.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IX COUNTY, 1887.\\nBjsmakck Edberg Slaughter\\nConger Glascock sterling\\nCroflc Menoken Stewartsdale.\\nCromwell McKenzie Wales\\nDriscoll Painted Woods \\\\Vogansport\\nBUTTE COUNTY\\nArea, 832,000 acres. Created, March 5, 1881. from parts of Mandan and\\nLawrence. Organized July 11, 1883, by the appointment, by the Gov-\\nernor, of the following commissioners, viz.:. I. i. YVoolstein, Christian\\nFlucken, and Henry Chamberlain.\\nButte county is the northern county of the Black Hills region, in the\\nsouthwestern part of the Territory. Principal streams are the Belle\\nFourche or north fork of the Cheyenne river, and its tributaries, Dead\\nHorse, Cherry, Indian, and Owl creeks, from the north, and Whitewood\\nand Redwater creeks, from the south. Surface^ (outside of the Black\\nHills, in the southwestern part of the county,) roiling prairie, with valleys\\nalong the streams. Soil, a rich loam. Principal industries, farming and\\nstock-raising. Some timber tractsonthe higher elevations of the south-\\nwest, where are also found a number of small lakes and ponds. For a\\nmore extended descripiion ol the Black Hills country, see another part\\nof this publication.\\nVacant public lands, 21/)7. i acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nButte County Star, John S. White, editor and publisher, Minnesela.\\nCOUNTY SE \\\\T.\\nMinnesela, on the south bank of the Belle Fourche, is the county seat. It\\nhas a popula ion of 100; school- building, valued at $800; methodist church\\nbuilding, valued at $1,200; flour-mill, valued at $20,000.\\nSCIlool.s, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, five; school population, 234; number of\\nschool-houses built in 1886, seven; average monthly pay of icachers,\\nmales, $41.25; females, $40.00; value of all school property, ?C),oo2.75; ex-\\npended lor school purposes during year ending June 80, 1886, \u00c2\u00a37,104.80;\\ncash remaining in school treasury June 80, 1886, $1,282.1!); paramount of\\nschool bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $6,550.00; average rate of interest\\npaid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding\\nJune 80, 1886, $921.95.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "340\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIYE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMU A?8es and Cattle\\nSheep, j Swine. Valuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,392\\n1.942\\n2,283\\n84 27,942\\n72 20,456\\n73 14,468\\n3,234 118 $823,840\\n3.026 228 829,936\\n5.665 108 1 259,866\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nI Acres Real\\nEstate.\\nVnli^+inn Town Lots Personal Prop- ^v^i^tlnTnf\\nValuation. va i ua tion. erty valuation.!- J^y 011 of\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n52,870\\n31,672\\n41.263\\n84.445\\n82,775\\n109.375\\n$3,470 $25,365 $437,120\\n5,100 45,360* 463,171\\n6 284 49,990 j 425.515\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv,for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels hi Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn....\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarlev..\\nnone\\n14.387\\n45,000\\nnone\\n13,710\\nj 38.000\\nnone\\n29,974\\n112,500\\nnone\\nnone\\n250\\nnone\\n2,269\\n12. 250\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1885, 1,081. Lands improved, 1885, 24,718 acres.\\nNumber of farms, 1885, 312. Average size of farms, 1885, seventy-nine\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.65. Countv indebt-\\nedness, 1887,117,389. Potato crop, 1885, 18,186 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n16,486 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 745 gallons;\\nbutter 31,957 pounds eggs, 28,201 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFF1CE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Olerk\\nF T. West\\nS. A. Wheeler\\nJH. Stevens\\nA. A Chouteau\\nA. A. Chouteau\\nF T West\\nMinnesela\\nSheriff.\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nMinnesela,\\nMinnesela\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nW. J. Larimer\\nMrs. E. G. Ames\\nGeo. Z. Richards\\nN. H. Paker\\nMinnesela\\nMinnesela\\nCoroner\\nMinnesela\\nWm. Miller\\nAndrew Bosander. (chairman)\\nA. Giles..\\nH. M. Stearns\\nCommissioners\\n1\\nVale\\nMinnesela\\nMinnesela\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nButte Empire.\\nMinnesela Vale\\nCAMPBELL COUNTY.\\nArea, 568,320 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo. Or-\\nganized, November 6, 1883, by appointment, by the Governor, of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: Henry Eckert, ,1. L. Thompson, and Henry\\nW. Harmon.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 341\\nCampbell county lies in the geographical center of Dakota. Principal\\nStreams are the Missouri river, the wes ern boundary of the county, and\\ni the Spring river. Several smaller feeders flow into the last\\nnamed stream. Considerable timber grows along the river bottoms.\\nSurface, rolling prairie, river bottoms, and valleys, with exception of a\\nrange of hills extending across the eastern part of the county, and the\\nbluffs bordering on the Missouri river. Numerous ponds of good water\\nare scattered throughout the eastern end of the county. Soil, a rich loam.\\nVacant public lands, 146,880 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nOne bank does business in this county, viz.: Campbell County Bank,\\nat Mound City.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nCampbell County Courier, Frank E. Devan, editor and publisher, La-\\nGrace; Journal, Horton Craig, publishers, Mound City.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLaGrace, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 100; school-building, valued at $1,200; methodist church edifice, valued\\nat $300.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nMound City, near the center; population, sixty-five.\\nschools, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, three; school population, 168; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, seven; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, seven; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $27.50; females,\\n$29.17; value of all school property, $6,365.25; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during the year ending June 30, 1886, $6,801.95; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $138.89; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding, June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a76,400. Of); average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding, June 30. 1886,\\n$1,687.25.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. Mu A 1 ff PB and Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1885 341 22 1,244 103 66 8 55,507\\n1886 585 30 2,489 356 256 98,269\\n1S37 70 1 30 2.725 246 _ 287 11 7,240\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY Acres Real valuation Town Lots Personal Prop- Tot ^\\\\f t f e f ed f\\nlcar Estate. valuation. valuation, erty valuation. \u00e2\u0084\u00a2VJXi on\\n1885 6.379 817,515 89.775 829,41c 8112,212\\n1886 28.610 75,130 I 8,614 42,982 224.995\\n1887 60.911 157, 425 I 7,685 62,527 344,877\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1837.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, fifty 18S5, 1,199. Lands improved, 1880, sixty\\nacres; 1885, 9,112 acres. Number of farms, 1880, one; 1885,455. Aver-\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n1885.\\n1887.\\nnone\\n100\\n47/690\\nnone\\n6.250\\n126,500\\nnone\\n4,975\\n110,000\\nnone\\nnone\\n1,500\\nnone\\nnone\\n26.784\\nnone\\n67,000", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "342 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nage size of farms, 1880, sixty acres; 1835, twenty acres. Average assessed\\nvaluation per acre, 1887, $2.58. County indebtedness, 1887, 110,280. Po-\\nop, 18^5,4,071 bushels. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: but-\\nter, 6,225 pounds; eggs, 813 dozen; wool clip, 1885, 24 pounds.\\nNAME AND POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 18S7.\\nOffice. Same. P. 0. Addn\\nCounty Clerk Joseph E. Horton LaGrace\\nTreasurer iW. A. McClaran Mound City\\nSheriff I J. P. Parker LaGrace\\nCleric District Court I Harry T. Craig Mound City,\\nProbate Judge A. G. Anderson ampbell\\nRegister of Deeds Lloseph E.Horron LaGrace\\nAttorney James C! Brady LaGrace\\nSuperintendent of Schools John Kniper LaGrace\\nSurveyor K. M. Sloe n in LaGrace\\nAssessor c. Tronson Campbell\\n(J. H. Ingersull LaGrace\\nj T. A. Possum Campbell\\nCommissioners l avid Hein LaGrace\\nRichard Eustice Mound f ity\\nJames Reid Wound City\\nLIST OP POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nApplegate LaGrace....\\nCampbell Mo ndCity\\nGale ISutlev\\nVanderbilt.\\nTfaule...\\nCASS COUNTY.\\nArea, 1,536,640 acres. Created, January 4. 1873, from part of Pembina.\\nBoundaries changed in 1875, parts to Barnes and Traill. Organized, in 1873,\\nby appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\n1ST. Whitman, Wm. H. Leverett, and Jacob Lowell.\\nCass, a Red River valley county, has the Minnesota state line for its\\neastern boundary, and is the second county north of the center line of the\\nTerritory. Principal streams are the Red River of the North, Sheyenne,\\nMaple, Wild Rice, and Rush rivers. In additon to the rivers named\\nnearly every section within the county is watered by some smaller stream.\\nNumerous minature lakes and ponds abound throughout the county. The\\nsurface is, generally, an undulating prairie, broken here, and there, by the\\nvalleys of the streams and by a few ridges and isolated hills. Along the\\nRed, Sheyenne and Maple rivers are good growths of native timber, con-\\nsisting of oak, ash, elm, maple, hackberry. box-elder, and cottonwood.\\nSoil is a rich vegetable moid, composed of the distinguishing component\\nparts which belong to the Red River valley region. Sub-soil is from three\\nto four feet in depth, a spongy, porous, clay marl.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific, forty-three miles;\\nstations: Fargo, Haggart, Canfield, Mapleton Greene, Dalrymple, Cassel-\\nton, Sidney, Wheatland, Buffalo, Tower City; Northern Pacific, (Fargo\\nSouthwestern branch.) 31.8 miles; stations: Fargo, Cotters, Horace, Daven-\\nport, Leonard. Total: 74.8 mile Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul rail-\\nway, (Fargo Southern line,) nineteen miles; stations: Wild Rice, Saun-\\nders, Fargo, Hickson. St. Paul, Minneapolis oc Manitoba railroad, (Fargo-\\nGrand Forks line.) twenty-five miles; stations: Fargo, Harwood, Argus-\\nville, Gardner, Grandin; (Wahpeton and Ripon line.) fifty-four miles;\\nstations: Kindred, Addison, Davenport, Dnrbin, Everest, Sidney, Ripon,\\nAyr, Page City; (Casselton-Larimore line,) twenty-seven miles; stations:\\nEverest, Casselton, Amenia, Arthur Station, Hunter; (Ripon- Portland\\nline.) nineteen miles; stations: Ripon, Erie. Total, 125 miles. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, 218.8.\\nVacant public lands, none.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 343\\nHANKS.\\nThere are ten banks doing business in this county, as follows: Cass\\nCounty Bank, at Casselton; E. II. Paine, president; A. H. Paine, cashier.\\nFirst National Bank, at Casselton, 11. B. Watts, president; John L. Gun-\\nkle. cashier. Citizens National Bank, al Fargo, H. F. Miller, president;\\nC. C. Schuyler, cashier. Dakota Guarantee Savings Bank, at Fargo, P. B.\\nSmith, president; B. F. Snalding, treasurer; First National Bank, at\\nFargo, M. B. Erskine, president; S. S. Lyon, cashier. Red River Valley\\nNational Bank, at Fargo, L. S. Follett, president; L. W. Follett, cashier.\\nBanking House of E. C. Eddy Company, at Fargo. Bank of Page, at\\nPage, Louis B. Hanna. president. Tower City Bank, at Tower City, R.\\nP. Sherman, president. Bank of Wheatland, at Wheatland, G. Branden-\\nburg, president.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHerald. F. M. Connell, editor and publisher, Buffalo; Dakota Blizzard,\\nUft ord Houghton, editors and publishers. Casselton; The Reporter, E.\\nS. Kilbourne, editor and publisher. Casselton; Daily Argus, A. W. Ed-\\nwards, editor and publisher, Fargo; Evening Republican, J. J. Jordan,\\neditor and publisher, Fargo; Fargo Posten, P. T. Julseth, editor, Fargo;\\nNorth Dakota Churchman, Rev. F. B. Nash, Jr., editor, Fargo; Daily Sun,\\nW. H. Matteson, editor and publisher, Fargo; Northwestern Farmer and\\nBreeder, E. A. Webb, editor ami publisher, Fargo; The Eye, C. E. Stone,\\neditor and publisher, Hunter; Pioneer Methodist, Fargo; Herald, Frank\\nM. Cornell, editor and publisher, Tower City; Eagle, A. S. Bliton, editor\\nand publisher, Wheatland.\\nCOl T XT Y SEAT.\\nFargo, in the east, on the Red River, is the county seat. It has a pop-\\nulation of 10,000; six school-buildings of the total value of -$122,000; epis-\\ncopal, presbyterian, catholic, methodist, evangelical, two congregational,\\ntwo baptist, and two lutheian church edifices, of the total value of \u00c2\u00a751,500;\\nbrick opera house valued at $35,000: court-house and jail, valued at $130,-\\n000; city buildings, valued at $6,000; water- works system, valued at $100,-\\n000; electric light plant, valued at $10,000; flour-mills, valued at $70,000; two\\nbreweries, A alued at $70 000; carriage works; wood-working shops; boiler\\nworks; gas works, valued at $80,000; oil warehouses, capacity, 20,000 bar-\\nrels, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nCasselton, in the center; population, 1.200; school-buildings, valued at\\n$15,000; episcopal, methodist, presbyterian, and catholic church edifices,\\nvalued at $14,000; artesian well; city jail, etc. Assessed valuation city\\nproperty, 1886, real, $282,540; personal, $248,280; total, 8530,820. Tower\\nCity, in the west; population, 500; school-buildings, valued at $8,000; bap-\\ntist, methodist, and presbyterian church edifices, valued at $10,500; arte-\\nsian well; flour-mill, valued at $20,000; Tower library, of 1,500 volumes.\\nAssessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal, $150,000. Tower\\nuniversity is located in this city. Wheatland, between Tower City and\\nCasselton; population, 350; school-house, valued at $6,500; presbyterian\\nchurch edifice, valued at .$3,0 0. Assessed valuation town property, 1886,\\nreal and personal, $116,570. Hunter, in the north; population, 400; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $2,500; presbyterian and methodist church edifices,\\nvalued at $3,300; citv buildings, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real, $47,913; personal, $84,376; total, $82,810.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, 112; school population, 4.404: number\\nof school-houses in district, 128; number of school-houses built in 1886,\\nfifteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $56 :)o; females, $38.32;\\nvalue of all school property, $288,676.42; expended for school purposes dur-\\ning year ending Jane 8)0, 1886, $162,188.34; cash remaining in school treas-\\nury, June 80, 1886, $74,087.55; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 3 0, 1886, $110,729.35; average rate of interest, paid on bonds, nine per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 80, 1886, $83,815.77.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "UA\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\niuvues anu\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n3.118\\n9.018\\n9.813\\n11,492\\n539\\n2.001\\n1,983\\n1,869\\n2,999\\n8.816\\n10.237\\n12.506\\nIll\\n1,321\\n1,288\\n1,591\\n810\\n5,021\\n7,33-1\\n6,505\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,050.107\\n930.277\\n907,380\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear j Acres Real valuation I Town Lots Personal Prop- T l ^f^ H e d f\\nYear Estate. \\\\aiuation. valuation, erty valuation. ),_\\ncomity.\\n1880 i 2.568,554 j I 396.80C I S 2,965 354\\n1885 886,856 7.000,130 I 4.040.060 1,964,886 14.055,183\\n1886 911,795 5.543.940 3,387,419 2,027,095 11,838.731\\n1887 _ 931,605 6.140,892 1 2,9 36,466 2,190, 222 I 12,174,9 60\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in I Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880 1885. 1887.\\nWheat I 1,012,565 5,983,830 4,741,750\\nCorn 8,198 6,023 23,100\\nOats 310.086 1,948,756 2,722,500\\nRve none 12,159 4,875\\nBuckwheat 219 535 2,000\\nBailey 22,610 148,884 329,600\\nFlax none none 396\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county 1880, 8,998; 1885, 21,085. Lands improved, 1880,\\n111,138 acres; 1885, 602,288 acres. Number of farms, 18S0, 1,016; 1885, 2,556.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, J 09 acres; 1885, 236 acres. Average aesesFed\\nvaluation per acre, 1887, $6.59. County indebtedness, 1887, $175,791. Po-\\ntato crop, 1885, 212,015 bushels. Woof clip, 1885, 6,040 pounds. Dairy and\\nother farm products, 1885: milk, 5,882 gallons; butter, 340,310 pounds;\\ncheese, 170 pounds; eggs, 177.032 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor C H. Anheier Fargo\\nTreasurer A. H. Burke Fargo\\nSheriff John D. Benton Fargo\\nClerk District Court T. C. McConnell Fargo\\nProbate Judge Augustus Roberts Fargo\\nRegister of Deeds John H. Hanson Fargo\\nAttorney Chag. A. Pollock Fargo\\nSuperintendent of Schools Wm, Mitchell Fargo\\nSurveyor J. D. White Fargo\\nCoroner J. A. Russell ...jTower City\\nAssessor Enoa Gray Wh( atland\\nf E.Young, (chairman) Tower City\\nG J. Kissner Fargo\\nCommissioners Wm. Strehlow Casselton...\\nj James Holes Fai go\\n[;C. W. Redmon (Mapleton...", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIST OP POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887\\nAmenia\\nArgusville.\\nArthur\\nAyr\\nBinghamton.\\nErie\\nEverest\\nFargo\\nGardner.\\nGill\\nBuffalo IGrandiu.\\nCasselton\\nCowan\\nDavenport.\\nDurbin\\nEldred\\nLeonard...\\nMapleton\\nNoble\\nNorman...\\nPage\\nRipon.\\nHarwood Tower City.\\nHickson Trysil\\nHorace Watson\\nHunter Wheatland.\\nKindred iWild Rice...\\n345\\nCAVALIER COUNTY.\\nArea, 437,280 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Pembina.\\nBoundaries were changed March. 8, 1883, March 13, 1885, and March 11,\\n1887. The county was organized, June 16, 1884, by the appointment, by\\nthe Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: W. H. Mathews,\\nPatrick McHugh, and L. C. Narveong.\\nCavalier county lies on the northern boundary of the Territory and is\\nthe second county west of the Minnesota state line. Principal stream,\\nthe Pembina river. A number of smaller streams, flowing in an easterly\\nand southerly direction, drain the eastern half of the county. Surface,\\nrolling prairie. Soil, rich black loam. Sub-soil, a deep clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railroad,\\n(Larimore-Langdon line) twenty-five miles; station: Langdon, Easby.\\nVacant public lands, 492,0 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Courier, C. B. C. Dohertv, editor, Langdon.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLangdon, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n100; school-building, valued at $500; court-house, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nOlga, in the east, has a population of seventy-five; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,500; church edifice, valued at $2,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population 1,014; number\\nof achool-houses in district, sixteen; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $36.07; females, $29.37;\\nvalue of all school propery, $10,972.00; expended for school purposes dur-\\ning year ending June 30, 1886, $8,326.30; cash remaining in school treas-\\nury June 30, 1886, $966.76; paramount of school bonds outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $10,800.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent;\\namount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $3,319.01.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n301\\n935\\n1,194\\n2,126\\n1.925\\n3,828\\n235\\n312\\n250\\n1,005\\n1,589\\n982\\n8 94.618\\n114 129\\n122,723\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n76,864\\n98 254\\n117,599\\nValuation.\\n$126,236\\n2-19,794\\n215.998\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPerson a 1 Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\nI $22,700\\n6.855\\n89,778\\n48,984\\n$227,709\\n453.701\\n410,405", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "846\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA,\\nFARM ST\\n18?5and S 1887 inS pr dUCt f field cro P 8 on ikrms in county, for years 1880,\\nBasnets in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Busl\\n1885. s 7\\nWheat,\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n120,210\\n588\\n1,104,000\\n600,000\\n1,050\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS\\nPopulationof county, 1880 none; 1885, 5,029. Landsimproved, 1885 48 4(57\\nacre., dumber of farms, 1885, 1,570. Average size of farms i8S5 thirty\\none acres. Average assessed\\nednes 113,086. Dairy\\npounds; cheese, 1,200 poun\\npounds.\\nNAME .VXD POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN L887,\\nLyojv. average size of farms, 1885, thirtv-\\ned valuation per acr S3. County indebt-\\ny ami other farm products, 1885: butte\\nunds; eggs, 43,877 dozen; wool clip, Li\\nO ili ce.\\nName\\n1 o. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District i ourt\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of School\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCommissioners.\\nP. McHugh\\nGeo. P. Winter\\nM. D. O Brien.\\nII. E. Dorval\\nMcHugh\\nTl. D. Borden\\nii. D vllert\\nJ. C. Morrison..\\nG Pieknell\\nf IT. E. Renand, (chairman)\\nDovle\\nA. D. Shelp\\nli;;m li lrioi\\nJohn McBride\\ni\\nLangdon\\nLangdon.\\nLangdon.\\nLwgdon.\\nLangdon.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAlun I VNGDON\\nEasby Lemon\\nElgin Maida\\nElkwo id Milton\\nGertrude Mona\\nHannah Mount CarmeL\\nOlga\\nOsnabrock\\nRidgefield\\nRomfo\\nWoodbridge....\\nCHARLES MIX COUNTY.\\nArea, 720,000 acres. Created May S, 1862 Homid iri^ ,,i i\\nJanuary 6, 1864 and January 10, 1873, part To Pou^as ^1\\norganized, September 1, 1879, by the appointment, hv tbe Governor of Thl\\nfollowing commissioners, viz: John Johns. William Miller, and J F James\\nCharles Mix county is situated on the. southern boundary of the tS\\ntory, and east of the Missouri river. Principal streams are the Missouri\\nriver, which bounds the county on the west and south, and Platte Snake\\nFive-Mile, Cedar, and Campbell creeks. A number W smaller streams\\nthoroughly drain every section of the county. Surface, riveTbottoms ^d\\ngently rolling prairies, except in the neighborhood of streams Se\\nbluffs along the Missouri, are high and quite precipitous. ThTeasiern\\nha f of the county is contained within the boundaries of the Fort R d-\\nmilitary and \\\\ankton Indian reservations. Soil on the Missouri bottom\\nwhich is about one mile m width is a rich, black loam, an c\\nductive. Ihe prairie soil is, generally, ablaek vegetable loam, and equally", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES Oh DAKOTA.\\nfertile. Sub soil, clay\\nof the Missouri river.\\nVacant public lands\\nsr grows along the banks and on the islands\\n5,000 acres.\\nThere are six banks doing business in the county, as follows: Farmers\\nBank, Bloomington, J H. Henry, president; M. T. Post, cashier.\\nCharles Mix County Bank, at Castalia, 1). 11. Henry, president; A. B. Lu-\\ncas, cashier. Missouri Valley Bank, at Castalia, F.s. Rowley, president.\\nBank of Kdgerton, at Edgerton, I. 11. Welch, president. Hammond\\nShort, at Edgerton. Security Bank at Wheeler, 1 II. Henry,\\ndenl S. M, Liudley, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nRecord and Republi-\\nMix County News,\\nCourier, Ed. L. Bates, publisher, Bloomingt\\ncan, Lucas Adams, editors, Castalia. C harles\\nTucker Anderson, publishers, Edgerton.\\nCOUNTY SE \\\\T.\\nWheeler, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof fifty; school-building, valued at 11,500; court-hous I, valued at\\n$2,500; saw-mill, valu ,0!K). Assessed valuation. of city property,\\nISSti, real and personal, $35,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBloomington, near the eastern boundary; population, sixty. Castalia,\\nnear th uri river; school-building, valued at $1,000; catholic church\\nvalued at $600; flour-mill, valued at $10,000. Colvin, in the north;\\npopulation, forty; school-building, valued a1 $500; congregational church\\nedifice, valued at $1,800. Edgerton, between Colvin and Bloomington pop-\\nulation, fifty; churches, and schools. Jasper, near the eastern boundary;\\npopulation, twenty; congregational church edifice, valued tehool-\\nbuilding, etc. March, northeast of Wheeler; catholic, and methodist\\nchurch edifices; schools, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics IS\\nNumber of organized townships, eleven; school population, 1,074; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, forty-three; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 18S6, ten; average monthly pay ol teachers, male, sis. 1:5; females,\\n$25.78; value of all school property, $24,311.55; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $13,530.24; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $92.80; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $23,210.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\npercent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $4,246.40.\\nLIVE STOCK statistics.\\nYear.\\nYear.\\nH orsi\\nValuation.\\nVI. C A TiO\\\\ ST V TISTICS.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nVuluatiou.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\nL880\\n1885\\nL886\\nL887\\n65, 157\\n92,762\\n105.422\\nS l,U5\\n144.098\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Jes.^s,;\\ni 5, 148\\n8,660\\nLI, 069\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nS 25,778\\n89,255\\n110,447\\n119,086\\n8 26,893\\n870,068\\n588,803\\n649,658", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "348 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n18S0. 1885. 1887.\\n66\\n52 396\\n206,250\\n9,695\\n824.563\\n1,214,400\\nnone\\n102.685\\n196.866\\nnone\\n981\\n6 408\\nnone\\n948\\n7,011\\n900\\n3,595\\n22 950\\nnone\\n30.709\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 152; 1880, 407; 1885, 4,022. Lands improved,\\n1880, 1,560 acres; 1885, 74,279 acres. Number of farms, 1880, thirty-six;\\n1885, 981. Average size of farms, 1880, forty-three acres; 1885, seventy-six\\nacres, Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.83. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $11,564. Potato crop, lc c 8~), 3(3,542 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n4,268 pounds. Dairy and other products, 1885: butter, 81,797 pounds;\\ncheese, 700 pounds; eggs, 42,667 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCountv Clerk S. M. Lindley Wheeler..\\nTreasurer H. M. Carrol) Wheeler\\nSheriff Isaac Buffer Wheeler\\nClerk District Court D. L. P. Lamb Wheeler\\nProbate Judge J. I). Hoar Jasper\\nRegister of Deeds S. M. Lindley Wheeler\\nAttorney W. F. McCall.... Edgerton.\\nSuperintendent of Schools E. D. Wood Castalia...\\nSurveyor JYVm. Cox Edgerton\\nCoroner J. E. Hill .....Castalia...\\nAssessor i Frank Adams I Castalia...\\n10. W. Forbes, (chairman) iCastalia\\nCommissioners |R. A. Smith Burnside.\\nIW. A. Lathrop I Wheeler\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY\\n1887.\\nBartholdi\\nColvin\\n.Jasper\\nIMarch\\n.Platte\\nWheeler\\n.White Swan\\nBloomington\\nBurnside\\nCastalia\\nE Igerton\\nFlora\\nFridhem\\nIGreemvood\\nCHOTEAU COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 9, 1883. Unorganized.\\nChoteau county is contained within the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation.\\nCHURCH COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 11, 1887, from parts of Sheridan and McHenry.\\nChurch county is situated in the northern part of Dakota\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the third\\ncounty south of the International boundary line, and midway between\\nthe east and west boundaries of the Territory. Small streams of water,\\nflowing in a northerly direction, drain the northern half of the county.\\nSurface, rolling prairie, with exception of the southwestern corner, which\\nis crossed by the Coteau du Missouri a range of low, broken hills, con-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n349\\ntaining numerous ponds of water, and valleys of good grazing lands. Soil,\\nblack loam.\\nVacant public lands, 22,400 acres.\\nCLARK COUNTY.\\nArea, 760,320 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Hanson.\\nBoundaries changed in 1873, part to Beadle, and, in 1877, changed again,\\npart to Codington. Organized, December 21, 1880, by the appointment,\\nby the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Albert Taft,\\nJames Hosmer, and John Bailey.\\nClark comity is situated in the southern part of the Territory the third\\ncounty south of the 46th parallel, and the third west of the Minnesota\\nstate line. A number of small streams, having their sources in the western\\nand central parts of Clark county flow into the James river. Numerous\\nsmall lakes and ponds are scattered over the county. Surface, undulating\\nprairie, and broken ridges and hills of the Coteaus which run through\\nthe center of the county, forming the divide between the valleys of the\\nBig Sioux on the east, and the James river on the west. Soil, a dark veg-\\netable loam, from two to four feet in depth, underlaid by a stratum, of\\nclay, mingled with lime, magnesia and marl.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Madison Bristol line,) thirty-three miles; stations: Elrod, Bradley,\\nGarden City, Naples. Chicago Northwestern railway, (Watertown\\n-Faulkton line,) twenty-five miles; staiions: Raymond, Clark, Elrod.\\nTotal miles of railroad in county, fifty-eight.\\nVacant public lands, 21,480 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Clark, at Clark, D. Wayne, president; G. C. Griffin, cashier. First Na-\\ntional Bank, at Clark, Fred Ware, president; Carl Jackson, cashier. Bank\\nof Raymond, at Raymond; J. W. Humphrey, president; A. W. Dunlap,\\ncashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPilot Review, The Clark Publishing Company, publishers, Clark; Clark\\nCounty Democrat, Isaac Landers, editor, Clark; Gazette, Paul Dutcher,\\npublis h e r R ay m o n d\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nClark, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 900;\\nschool-building, valued at $5,000; congregational, and methodist church\\nedifices, valued at $2,500; city buildings, valued at $2,200; flour-mill, valued\\nat $6,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $83,129; personal,\\n$51,773; total, $134,902.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nRaymond, in the west; population, 270; school-building, valued at $3,500;\\ncatholic, and presbyterian church edifices, valued at $3,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty-one; school population, 531;\\nnumber of school- houses in district, twenty- three; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, eight; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $27.00;\\nfemales, $26.06; value of all school property, $10,912.22; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, iSSG, $7,700,55; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $1,595.25; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $10,900.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, seven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $724.82.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nM Z\u00c2\u00a3 ni *ttie. s \u00c2\u00bb-p-\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2.177\\n2,920\\n8,274\\n144 3,021\\n178 4,334\\n182 5.247\\n890\\n1,215\\n2,507\\n930\\n1.595\\n1,060\\n199,268\\n273 853\\n282,924", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "350\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots Personal Prop- To **l *f e SQ\\nvaluation, erfey valuation. JJ^J* lon\\n1885\\n1886\\ni\\n200,734\\n228,499\\n782,886\\n856,733\\n254 ss t\\n1,416,745\\nFARM STATISTICS\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, fc\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n188o.\\n1887.\\nWheat none 483,537 840,945\\nCorn... none 42, Sin 114 608\\nOats none 2(17,100 667,920\\nRye none\\nBuckwheat none 300\\nBarley none\\nFlax none 60\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 114; 1885, 4,892. Lands improved\\nacres; 1885, 92,005 acres. Number of farms, 1880, t^k ty-eight; 1885, 1,356.\\nAverage size of farms L885, sixty-eight acres. A-,\\nassessed valuation per acre. 13.75. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n$5,806. Totato crop, L885, 56,804 bushels. Wool clip, L885, 6,170 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk tllons; butter, 321,160\\npounds; cheese, 393 pounds; eggs, 46,378 do/en.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE A i IOUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk P. W. Ware Clark.\\nTreasurer J. \\\\V Humph rev (Mark.\\nSheriff |J. Boucher Clark.\\nC erk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister ot Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nCommissioners.\\nA. F. Mattiee Clark\\nS. H. Elrod Clark\\nP. W. Ware Clark\\nWin. McGaan Clark\\nEltie Benjamin Clark\\nE. I Holhrook Clark\\nWm. H. Miller Clark\\nA. T. Stewart Clark\\nW. J. demons, (chairman) Raymond\\nChas. Young (Mark\\nA. D. McClelland Clark\\nJas. Hosmer Henry\\nLiWm. E. Dudley Willow Lake.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUXTV, 1887.\\nCarlton\\nJulian\\nSuccess\\nClark\\nMerton\\nDegbert\\nEllsworth\\nRaymond\\nElrod\\nStusted\\nCLAY COUNTY.\\nArea, 261,760 acres. Created April 10, 1862, and its boundaries were\\nchanged January 3, 1863. The county was organized in 1862, by appoint-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 351\\nment by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Aaron Car-\\noenter, Geo. W. Wilson, and S. Bethune.\\nP Clay county is situated in the southeastern part of the Terntory-the\\nsecond county from the Iowa boundary line. Principal streams are the\\nMissouri river, which forms the southern boundary, and the ermillion.\\nflowing through the center from north to south. Numerous springs and\\nsmall stream., furnish a supply of good water to all portions ot the roiriity\\nConsiderable timber grows along the bottoms and on the islands of the\\nMissouri river. The greater part of the county has a surface gently roll-\\ning in character. The valley of the Missouri is from one to ten miles in\\nwidth, and that of the Vermillion is a mile or more in breadth. Ihe\\nbluffs along the two streams rise to a considerable height, bpmt Mound,\\nnear the center of the county, is a cone shaped elevation, rising a dis-\\ntance of several hundred 1 the level of the rivers. Soil, nth\\nal Miles of P raUroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, railway,\\n(Sioux City Yankton line) twenty-one miles; stations: Burbank; Ver-\\nmillion and Meckling. Chicago Northwestern railway, (lankton-\\nOentreville line) eleven miles; station: Wakonda. Total miles of rail-\\nroad in county, thirty-two.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, Viz Uay\\nCountv Bank, at Vermillion, L. T. Swezey, president; C. H. Barrett,\\ncashier. Bank of D. M. Inman Co., Vermillion. Farmers Bank, at\\nWakonda, II. H. Kittredge, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDakota Republican, H. B. Chaffee, editor, Vermillion; Ham-Talk,\\nT. IT. Ayrn-s, editor and publisher, Vermillion; The Enterprise, Archie\\nWhaley, Jr., editor and proprietor, Hawley.\\nCOUNTY SKAT.\\nVermillion, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 1,200; two-story, brick school-building, valued at |5,000; congre-\\ngational baptist, methodist, and episcopal church edifices; city hall\\nvalued at $10,000; flour-mill; creamery. The university of Dakota is\\nlocated at Vermilion. See description of the university, page 202 of this\\npublication. Assessed valuation, city property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$110,000.\\nOTHEB IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nWakonda, on the Vermillion river, has a population of 250; school-\\nbuilding valued at $1,500; congregational, and methodist church edifices,\\nvalued at $2,800. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and per-\\nsonal. $35,750.\\nschools, (statistics 1885.)\\nNumber of organized districts, fifty-six; school population, 2,192; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, forty-nine; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, three; average monthly pay of teachers, males w..o\\nfemales $30.00; value of all school property. $37 900 00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June, 30, ,1886, $1S,834.4S; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $4,282.0o; par amount of school\\nbonds Outstanding .Tunc 30, 1886, $10,500.00; average rate of interest paid\\non bonds, seven per cent; amount of school warrants, outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $1,060,20.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nL880 8,108 120\\n1885 3.299 142\\n1886 3,548 150\\n1887 3,964 181\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n18.956\\n13,188\\n14.182\\n17,109\\n1.378\\n1 676\\n1,659\\n1,459\\n1\\n11,460\\n7,764\\n6,365\\n7,78:;\\n8 190.890\\n432,845\\n345,312", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "{52\\nRESOURCES OE DAKOTA\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEs ate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots Personal Prop- j\\nvaluation. erty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n225,044\\n221.741\\n223.266\\n504,113\\n790.565\\n1 238.334\\n1,103.529\\n74,067\\n101.270\\n106,659\\n\u00c2\u00a7218 167\\n67.508\\n138.001\\n121,914\\n722,280\\n1122.580\\n1.910,450\\n1.677 414\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vearsl880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels i:\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax..\\n8 335\\n71,787\\n132,468\\n375.837\\n908 743\\n1,705.275\\n50.645\\n360,114\\n680.432\\n103\\n7,330\\n11,368\\n223\\n437\\n585\\n5,008\\n32,684\\n48.405\\n56,831\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1870, 2,621- 1880, 5,00i 1885, 6,201. Lands im-\\nproved, 1885, 114,466 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 782; 1885, 1,025. Av-\\nerage size of farms, 1880, 186 acres; 1885, 112 acres. Average assessed valua-\\ntion per acre, 1887, $4.94. County indebtedness, 1887, 18,295. Potato crop,\\n1885, 46,335 bushels. Wool clip*, 1885, 9,971 pounds. Dairy and other\\nfarm products, 1885: milk, 680,206 gallons; butter, 367,348 pounds; cheese,\\n5,514 pounds; eggs, 33,789 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nVermillion.\\nVeimillion.\\nVenuilliou.\\nVermillion.\\nCounty Clerk A. A. Quarnberg\\nTreasurer Calvin G. Shaw\\nSheriff. jlsaac Cope\\nClerk District Court Leonard W. Bell\\nProbate Judge jSelden J. Lewis i Vermillion\\nRegisterof Deeds A. A. Quarnberg Vermillion\\nAttorney |H. A. Copeland Vermillion\\nSuperintendent of Schools E. F. Peterson Vermillion\\nSurveyor H. J. Austin Venuillion\\nCoroner Geo. Shott Vermillion\\nCyrus J. Frv Meekling\\nCommissioners Niels Hansen Greenii-ld.\\nJoin E. Norelius Dale^berg\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAlsen D.ilesberg Marshalltown\\nBloomingdale Glenwood Meek ling\\nBluff Center Greenfield I Riverside\\nBolton [Komstad Vermillion\\nBurbank Lincoln Wakonda\\nClav Point Ilodi\\nCODINGTON COUNTY.\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, February 15, 1877, from parts of Clark,\\nGrant, and Hamlin. Boundaries changed March 8, 1883, parts to Grant\\nand Clark. Organized, July 19, 1878, by the appointment, by the Gov-\\nernor, of the following commisioners, viz.: Wn\\nH. Stoddart, Oliver S. Jewell.\\nm. H. Mclntyre, Geo.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 353\\nCodington, a county of southern Dakota, the second west of the Minne-\\nsota state line. Principal stream, the Big Sionx river, which traverses\\nthe county a little east of the center, flowing southeast. A number of\\nsmall branches flow into this stream, from the east. The county is\\ndotted with beautiful lakes the most important of which are Take\\nKampeska, a charming sheet of water, covering about seven square\\nmiles near the center of the county; Lake Pelican, Goose Lake, Twin\\nLakes, Nicholson Lake, Chain Lakes, and Punished Woman s Lake. Tim-\\nber grows about the borders of Kampeska, and other of the larger lakes.\\nSurface, rolling prairie. Soil, a deep, rich, sandy loam, strongly impreg-\\nnated with lime. About two townships, in a triangular shape, in the\\nnorth, are included within the boundaries of the Lake Traverse Indian\\nreservation.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway (Tracy-\\nWatertown line,) eleven miles; stations: Kranzbnrg, Watertown; (Water-\\ntown-Faulkton line,) eighteen miles; stations: Watertown, Kampeska,\\nHenry; (AYatertown-Brookings line,) six miles; station: Watertown.\\nTotal, thirty-five miles. Minneapolis St. Louis railroad, (main line,) six-\\nteen miles stations: Watertown, Waverly. Burlington, Cedar Eapids\\nNorthern railway, (main line,) twelve miles; station: Watertown; St.\\nPaul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway, eighteen miles; station: Water-\\ntown. Total miles of railroad in county, eighty-one.\\nVacant public lands, 6,260 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in the county, as follows: Bank of\\nHenry, at Henry, S. E. Wightman, president; L. C. Wightman, cashier.\\nCitizens National Bank, at Watertown, A. D. Leet, president; W. D.\\nMorris, cashier. First National Bank, at Watertown, H*. D. Walrath,\\npresident; S. B. Sheldon, cashier. Merchants Bank, at Watertown, 0.\\nGesley, president; C. E. Boyden, cashier. Watertown National Bank,\\nat Watertown, W. E. Scarritt, president; E. W. Thomas, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nEnterprise, G. H. Varce, publisher, Henry; Daily Courier-News, R. E.\\nCarpenter, manager, Watertown; Journal-Democrat, Geo. C. Jones, ed-\\nitor and publisher, Watertown; Public Opinion, L. D. Lyon, editor and\\npublisher, Watertown; Conklin s Dakotian, S. J. Conklin, editor and pub-\\nlisher, Watertown; Daily Chronicle, Watertown.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWatertown, on the Big Sioux river, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 4,500; three school-buildings, valued at 819,000; methodist, presby-\\nterian, episcopal, congregational, catholic, and baptist church edifice s,\\nvalued at 820,000; court-house and jail, of brick, valued at 825,000; street-\\nrailway, and waterworks, contracted for; electric-light plant, valued at\\n$10,000; flour-mill, valued at 875,000; paint-factory, valued at 87,000;\\nbroom-factory, valued at $i,000; wagon and carriage factory; foundry;\\nplaning- inillf plow-factory; bottling- works; brick opera house, valued at\\n$25,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1S86, real, 8500,000; personal,\\n860,000; total, $560,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nHenry, in the west; population 200; school-building, valued at $2,000;\\ncongregational, methodist, and catholic church edifices, valued at $6, C00;\\nwater- works system, valued at $2,000. Assessed valuation city property,\\nreal and personal, 1886, $70,000. Kampeska, between Watertown and\\nHenry; population 6o; school-building, valued at $1,000; methodist church\\nedifice; Hour-mill, valued at $8,000. Kranzburg, in the east; population\\n100; school-building, valued at $1,500; catholic church edifice, valued at\\n$1,800; flour-mill, etc. Waverly, in the east; population 75; school-build-\\ning, valued at 81,500; methodist church edifice, valued at $1,500; flour-\\nmill, valued at $20,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, forty-nine; school population, 1,571;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, forty-two; number of school-\\ned)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "354\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nhouses built in 1886, six; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $42.78;\\nfemales, $28.78; value of all school property, $30,514.84; expended for\\nschool purposes during the year ending June 30, 1886, $30,367.03; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $5,779.72; par amount of school\\nbonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $23,175.00; average rate of interest paid\\non bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $4,517.81.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n-ti^o\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 1 Mules and\\nHorses. Asseg _\\nCattle. Sheep. Swine, i Valuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\ni\\n697 41\\n2 497 141\\n2,912 123\\n3,277 i 123\\n924 15 392\\n3276 886 1669 $192,733\\n3,834 1.491 1905 261,300\\n4,779 1,503 1 1,395 257,669\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nlerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n196,813\\n213,144\\n237,704\\n136,819\\n989,122\\n1,100,770\\n1,214,239\\n$285,606\\n400.610\\n519,880\\n75,103\\n215,003\\n307,610\\n345,588\\n211,922\\n1,682,464\\n2,070,290\\n2,337,376\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n1885.\\n1887.\\n22,669\\n629.394\\n911, S8S\\n5,455\\n8,282\\n19,188.\\n85,386\\n374,857\\n544 654\\nnone\\n580\\n1 575\\nnone\\n487\\n5,250\\n522\\n86,816\\n182,000\\nnone\\n45,851\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 2,156; 1885, 5,648. Lands improved, 1880,\\n13,667 acres; 1885, 78,307 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 389 1885, 825. Av-\\nerage size of farms, 1880, thirty-five acres; 1885, ninety-five acres. Aver-\\nage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.11. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n$36,170. Potato crop, 1885, 59,207 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 4,058 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 1,715 gallons; butter, 123,205\\npounds; cheese, 903 pounds; eggs, 81,746 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools-\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nCommissioners.\\nF. H. Adams\\nF. P. Phillips\\nL.. S. Deming\\nJ. B. Hanten\\nA. L. Buell\\nG. R. Williams...\\nF. E. Van Liew...\\nF. P. Crane\\nG. W. Carpenter.\\nS. V. Groesbeck..\\nG. E. Hanson\\nJohn Giese\\nE. D. Wheelock..\\nA. B. Henry\\nO. D. Stevens\\nJohn Fox\\nWatertown.\\nWatertown\\nWatertown..\\nWatertown.\\nWatertown\\nWatertown.\\nWatertown\\nWatertown\\nW T atertown\\nWatertown.\\nWatertown.\\nWatertown.\\nKfimpiska\\nHenry\\nWatertown.\\nKranzburg.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 355\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAppleby Henry Water-town.\\nDexter.. Kampeska iWaverly\\nEsterlv Kranzburg I\\nCUSTER COUNTY\\nArea. 2,240,000 acres. Created, January 11, 1875, from original terri-\\ntory. Its boundaries were changed, February 10, 1877; again, February\\n19, 1881, and again, March G, 1883, part to Fal] River. Organized, April 3,\\n1877, by appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz.: E. G. Ward, Charles Hayward, and M. D. Thompson.\\nCuster, is a county of the Black Hills, in the southwestern part of the Ter-\\nritory, and the second north of the Nebraska boundary line. Principal\\nstreams are the south fork of the Cheyenne, and its tributaries from the\\nnorth, viz.: Spring, Battle, French, Red Canon, and Beaver creeks; and\\nFall river, and Fforsehead, and Beaver creeks, flowing in Irom the south.\\nSmall streams, and springs of excellent water, abound in every part of the\\ncounty. Surface, mountainous, and agricultural and grazing lands, about\\nequally divided. The open country includes the principal valleys and a\\nconsiderable extent of the prairie region along both banks of the Chey-\\nenne river. The western and northern sections are mountainous and\\nhilly, and contain valuable deposits of gold, silver, tin, and other miner-\\nals. (See article descriptive of the Black Hills, on another page of this\\npamphlet.) A considerable area of the county is covered by a growth of\\nhard, pine timber. Soil of the valleys and prairies, rich, black loam,\\nfrom tw T o to lour feet deep. Sub-soil, a yellow clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (Fre-\\nmont, Elkhorn Missouri Valley,) thirty miles; stations: Buffalo Gap,\\nFairburn, Hermosa.\\nVacant public lands, 911,920 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Lake\\nHalley, Buffalo Gap. Bank of Custer, Custer City, 1). Carrigan, president.\\nBank of Hermosa, at Hermosa, E. E. Miller, president. Commercial\\nBank, Hermosa, M. R. Maxson, president.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nNews, Geo. E. Hair, editor and publisher, Buffalo Gap; Chronicle,\\nJoseph Kubler, proprietor, Custer City; Pilot, J. A. Stanley, publisher,\\nHermosa.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCuster City, in the north, is the county seat. It has a population of 600;\\nbrick school-building, valued at $9, 000; congregation al, and baptist church\\nedifices, valued at $4,000; brick court-house, valued at $16,000. Assessed\\nvaluation city property, 1886, real and personal, $80,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBuffalo Gap, in the southeast; population, (500; school-building, valued\\nat $1,000; congregational church edifice, valued at $2,000; city building,\\nvalued at $2,500; artesian well; flour-mill, A alued at $5,000. Assessed val-\\nuation city property, 188G, real and personal, $213,000. Hermosa, in the\\nnorth; population, 300; school-buiiding, valued at $400; congregational\\nchurch edifice; flour-mill. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real\\nand personal, $63,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, eight; school population, 468; number\\nof school-houses in district, twenty number of school-houses built in\\n1886, eleven; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $45.00; females,\\n$40.00; value of all school property, $16,500.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $11,313.55; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $2,700.53; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $6,000.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $800.00.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "356\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses. hl- e r d j cattle.\\nSheep, Swine.\\nValuation.\\n1880 S2R 29 8.629\\n34\\n6,838\\n3,984\\n2,751\\n114\\n299\\n201\\n256\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,677 60 7.989\\n2,562 81 5,671\\n2,960 128 16,186\\n210,150\\n278,148\\n279,757\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\niPersonal Prop-^f^^f^\\n|erty valuation, l on of\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n6,911\\n10.406\\n28,423\\n28,883\\n14,009\\n109.950\\n244,998\\n43 861\\n90,056\\n138.463\\n9 73,456\\n66,501\\n179,798\\n123,563\\n102,339\\n334 521\\n657,952\\n786,781\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\n128\\n288\\n2,758\\nnone\\n153\\nnone\\n945\\n1,500\\n19,150\\nnone\\n2,136\\n24,000\\n65,000\\nOats\\n64,000\\nRye\\n2,000\\n6.600\\nFlax\\n750\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 995; 1885, 1,292. Lands improved, 1885,\\n4,089 acres. Number of farms, 1880, eighty-eight; 1885, 224. Average size\\nof farms, 1880, 156 acres; 1885, twenty-one acres. Average assessed valua-\\ntion per acre, 1887, 18.61. County indebtedness, 1886, $60,981. Potato\\ncrop, 1885, 7,245 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 20,029 pounds. Dairy and\\nother farm products, 1885: butter, 2,870 pounds; cheese, fifty pounds;\\neggs, 4,775 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address*\\nCounty Clerk Jos. E. Pilcher Custer City,.\\nTreasurer Edwin H. Flynn jCuster City..\\nSheriff...., B. F. Porter iCuster City..\\nClerk District Court Alfred T. Feay Custer City..\\nProbate Judge C. W. Robbing Custer City..\\nJ. E. Pilcher jCustei City..\\nWm. H. Frye Custer City..\\nWillis C. Bower jHerniosa\\nJ, W. Mclntyre |Hermosa\\nJ. L. Conant Buffalo Gap.\\nR. Maddox Hermosa\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools-\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCommissioners.\\nri. M. Booth\\nJno: F. Street\\niJas. Humphrius.\\nCuster City.\\nHermosa\\nCuster City.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFairburn iRocks\\nBuffalo Gap\\nFolsom 1\\nCuster City\\nHermosa 1", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 357\\nDAVISON COUNTY.\\nArea, 37(3,480 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Hanson.\\nThe boundaries were changed February 22, 1879; were changed again\\nFebruary 24, 1881, and were changed again March 1, 1881, part to Hanson.\\nThe county was organized in 1873, by appointment, by the Governor, of\\nthe following commissioners, viz.: John Head, Levi Ham. J. Piatt.\\nDavison county is situated in southern Dakota, the third county north\\nof the Nebraska state line, and about midway between the Missouri and\\nthe Big Sioux rivers. Principal stream is the James river, which flows\\nthrough two townships m the northeast corner, and its tributaries from\\nthe west, Morris, Firesteel, Enemy, and Twelve Mile creeks. Some na-\\ntive timber is found along the banks of the James river, and Firesteel\\ncreek. Surface, even and slightly rolling prairie. In the northeast cor-\\nner, contiguous to the James river, the prairie lands terminate in low\\nbluffs. Soil, a rich loam of the famous James river valley.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(James river line,) eleven miles; station: Mitchell; (Mitchell-Yankton\\nline) fifteen miles; stations: Mitchell, Ethan; (main line) eighteen miles;\\nstations: Mitchell, Mt. Vernon. Total, forty-four miles. Chicago, St. Paul,\\nMinneapolis Omaha railway, (main line,) three miles; station: Mitchell.\\nTotal miles of railroad in county: forty-seven.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: First\\nNational Bank, at Mitchell, J. D. Lawler. president; J. E. Gilbert, cashier.\\nMitchell National Bank, at Mitchell, \\\\Y. G. Davison, president; N. L. Dav-\\nison, cashier. Security Bank, at Mitchell, M. H. Rowley, president; J.\\nH, Green, cashier. Davison County Bank, at Mt. Vernon, J. C. Tatman,\\npresident; L. B. Tatman, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Republican, R. W. Wheelock, editor, Mitchell. Mail, R. H. Mc-\\nBride, editor and publisher, Mitchell. Gazette, E. S. Johnston, editor\\nand publisher, Mt. Vernon. Medical Brief. Andros Sivey, editors and\\npublishers, Mitchell.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nThe city of Mitchell, in the east, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 5,000; two school-buildings, valued at 820,000; methodist, presbyterian,\\ncongregational, baptist, episcopal, and catholic church edifices, valued at\\n$50,000; water-works (artesian) system, valued at 850,000; flour-mill, ma-\\nchine shops, foundry, packing-house\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -of the total value of 8114,000.\\nAssessed valuation of city property, 1886, real, 8369, 400; personal, $157,117;\\ntotal, s -)20,577. The methodist university, with buildings valued at 8100,000,\\nis located at Mitchell. For a description of the institution, see page 216,\\nthis publication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nMount Vernon, in the west; population, 400; school-building, valued at\\n$1,200; methodist, and congregational church edifices, valued at $4,000;\\nflour-mill, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population, 1,007; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, forty-seven; average monthly pay of\\nteachers, males, 827.88; females, 824.75; value of all school property, 830,-\\n540.00; expended for school purposes during year ending June* 30, 1886,\\n817,158.55; cash remaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $2,531.75; par\\namount of school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, 825,843.69; average rate\\nof interest paid on bonds, seven per cent. amount of school warrants out-\\nstanding June 30, 1S86, $5,458.48.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "358\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nM ules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n462\\n1,936\\n2,257\\n2,503\\n43\\n81\\n102\\n94\\n852\\n4,106\\n4,224\\n4,646\\n243\\n1,841\\n1,934\\n1,652\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2.141\\n1,326\\n974\\n$185 558\\n160,925\\n179,940\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots I Personal Prop- i To S assessed\\nvaluation. erty valuation. l ?}l\\\\\\\\} 011 of\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n125,774\\n139.192\\n159,300\\nS 23.895\\n545.553\\n513.195\\n610.913\\n1374,686\\n264,030\\n213.170\\nS 62,821\\n1 369,827\\n1,273.785\\n1.-189,206\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nEye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarlev\\nFlax\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n18S5.\\n1887.\\n2,020\\n170.167\\n331,440\\n134,129\\n728.271\\n4 724\\n219.267\\n401,200\\nnone\\n287\\n4 a 8\\nnone\\n310\\n1.200\\n1,185\\n6 211\\nnone\\nMISCKLLA VTISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, 1,256; 5,940. Lands improved, 1880,\\n5,170 acres; 1885, 58,636 acres. Number of farms, 1880,3 4; 1885, 084.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, seventeen acres; 1885, eighty-fcix acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, 13.83. Potato crop, 1885,\\n33,158 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 11,681 pounds. Dairy and other farm\\nproducts, 1885: milk, 1,250 gallons; butter, 108, 47 pounds; cheese, 705\\npounds; eggs, 175,308 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasu rer\\nSheriff\\nClerk D istrict Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nJ. K. Smith\\nK. 1). Prescott\\nO. O. Stanchfield\\nJohn C. McBride\\nJohn N. Crow\\nJ. JK. Smith\\nJ. J Hannett\\nMitchell\\nMitchell\\nMitchell\\nMitchell\\nMitchell\\nMitchell\\nMitchell.\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nH. L. Brass\\nMitchell.\\nI. Green\\nJohn Tat man\\nB. H. t e nett\\nMitchell\\nCoroner\\nMitchell\\nf\\na. Platn-r\\n1\\nCommissioners\\nj\\nM. M. McDonald\\nE. T. Malmsberry\\nW. W. Gardner\\nI\\nJohn Cook\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nE msley Mitchell j Stover\\nE than Mount Vernon I Victor", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 359\\nDAY COUNTY.\\nArea, 691,200 acres. Created, February 22, 1879, from part of Stone and\\nall of Greeley. Boundaries changed, March 8, 1883, changed again,\\nMarch 10, 1885, part from Clark, part to Marshall. Organized, December\\n5 1881, by appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz: Lansing Sykes, Geo. Brant, and Chauncey Warner.\\nDay county lies the second county south of the 46th parallel, and the\\nsecond west of the Minnesota state line. It contains a number of\\nlakes within its borders, the largest of which, are Waubay, Blue Dog,\\nPrairie, and Lake Parker. Considerable timber grows in the immediate\\nvicinity of the larger lakes, notably, Waubay lake. Surface, about equally\\ndivided between the hills of the Coteaus and the prairie and valley\\nlands of the lower level. Soil, of the more level portion, a rich, black\\nloam, with clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(mainline.) thirty-seven miles; stations: Waubay, Webster, Bristol, An-\\ndover; (An dover line,) thirteen miles; station: Andover; (Madison Bris-\\ntol line,) thirteen miles; station: Bristol. Total: sixty-three miles of\\nrailroad in county.\\nVacant public lands, 34,160 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Andover. at Andover, S. W. Webber, president; E. C. Bowen, cashier.\\nBank of Bristol, at Bristol, C E. Dickerman, president; T. E. Egge, cash-\\nier. Bank of Webster, at Webster A. J. Leetch, president; W. W.\\nSevery, cashier. Day County Bank, at Webster, J. Alley, president;\\nAlbert Smith, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nGazette, A. E. Baines, editor and publisher, Andover; Day County\\nHerald, G. L. Sharretts, publisher, Webster; Reporter and Farmer, J. C.\\nAdams V: Co., publishers, Webster; Independent, W. F. Bostian, editor\\nand publisher, Bristol.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWebster, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n1000; school-building, valued at $3,000; congregational, methodist, and\\nlutheran church edifices, valued at $9,000: court-house, valued at ?8,000;\\nflour-mill, valued at $18,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAndover, in the west; population 500; school-building, valued at $2,000;\\nmethodist and catholic church edifices, valued at $3,000 artesian well.\\nAssessed valuation city property, 1887, real and personal, $55,475. Bris-\\ntol, between Andover and Webster; population. 500; school-building,\\nvalued at $2,500; two church edifices, valued at $5,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, eighteen; school population, 1,583;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, forty-six; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $28.80; fe-\\nmales, $24.62; value of all school property, $25,136.64; expended for school\\npurposes during vear ending June 30, 188G, $16,847.32; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, Jnne 30, 1886, $1,550.80; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $17,800.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1888,\\n$5,216,60.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. I Horses. M 1 S L aUd Cattle Sheep Svviue Valuation.\\nAsses.\\ni I I\\n1885 1.841 123 4,181 628 797 158.569\\n1886 2,501 175 I 5.829 1,195 1,393 199.480\\n1887 3 242 164 7,511 1 ,544 1,371 226,208", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "360 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Real I Vn1nntl nll Town Lots Personal Prop-, To v l _ a 1 1 1] ss\\nlear Estate. Valuation. valuation, erty valuation, ^nntv\\n1885 115.671 226.415 43,800 6 140,913 569,727\\n1886 143,181 301,569 05,872 196,501 763, 372\\n1887 186.859 _ 374,561 74,508 \\\\_ 188,742 864,019\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in count} for years 1SS0,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1S87.\\nWheat none 363,360 ,-75.000\\nCorn none 39,884 104.500\\nOats none 285.431 637.000\\nRye none 666 5.520\\nBuckwheat none 597 750\\nBarley. none 15.223 161.250\\nFlax* none 48,620\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, ninety-seven; 1885, 5,001. Lands improved,\\n1880, 238 acres; 1885, 74.717 acres. Number of farms, 1880, six; 1885, 1,407.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, forty acres; 1885, fifty -three acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.00. Count v indebtedness, 1887,\\n$9,015. Potato crop, 1885, 40,00-1 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 1,849 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 165 gallons; butter, 134,464\\npounds; cheese, 785 pounds; eggs, 273,812 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDKESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nAuditor Thomas Prig ham Webster..\\nTreasurer T. M. Loomis Webster..\\nSheriff I. J. Hanson [Webster..\\nClerk District Court J. A. Lee Webster..\\nProbate Judge Ceo. Bryant Andover.\\nRegister of Deeds C. L. Sharretts Webster..\\nAttorney A. J.Wolfe Webster..\\nSuperintendent of Schools A. E. Barker Webster..\\nSurveyor W. Alley Webster..\\nCoroner II- A. Peabody Webster..\\nAssessor F. J. Cowan Gros\\nf J. L, Harris, (chairman) Webster..\\nI L. Hazelden Nutley....\\nCommmissioners T. Lowell Bristol....\\nJ. T. Goodwin Andover.\\nt B. H. Egeland Egeland.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, ISS i\\nAndover Gros |Roslyn\\nBristol Lounsberry Seth\\nButler Lily Thorson...\\nDayton Lynn Waubay...\\nEgeland Nutley Webster.\\nDELANO COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 11, 1875. Its boundaries were changed March 8, 1883.\\nUnorganized.\\nDelano, is a county included within the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 361\\nDEUEL COUNTY.\\nArea, 422,400 acres. Created April 5. 1802. Boundaries changed, Jan-\\nuary 31, 1871, part to Hanson; changed again, January 8, 1873, parts to\\nGrant, Hamlin, and Renville. Organized, April 20, 1878, by appointment,\\nby the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Henry II. Her-\\nrick, i). Cochran, and Andrew J. Torgensen.\\nDeuel county is situated in southern Dakota, south of the 45th parallel,\\nand has the Minnesota state line for its eastern boundary. Principal\\nstreams are the Yellow Dank river, and Lost, Cobb, and Ilidewood creeks.\\nNumerous springs, brooks, and beautiful Jakes, afford an ample water sup-\\nply. Principal lakes are, Cochrane, Fish, Clear, Coteau, North, Two-\\nwoods, and Luke Alice. Timber grows along the borders of some of the\\nlarger sheets of water. Surface, rolling prairie, and low broken hills of\\nthe Coteaus, which traverse a portion of the county in a northwesterly\\ndirection. Soil, a dark vegetable loam, from ten inches to three feet in\\ndepth, underlaid with clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (Tracy-\\nWatertown line.) twenty-three miles; stations: Goodwin, Altamont, Gary.\\nBurlington, Cedar Rapids Northern railway, (main line.) twenty-eight\\nmiles; stations: Palmer, Clear Lake, Toronto. Total miles of railroad in\\nfifty-one.\\nVacant public lands. 4,440 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Clear lake, at Clear Lake, J. Q. Houts, president; T. F. Han ley. cash-\\nier. Bank of Gary, at Gary, B. A. Wade, president; N. M. Wade, cashier.\\nDeuel County Bank, at Gary, M. E. Shelley, president; C. L. Shelley,\\ncashier. Sevatson Jenson, at Toronto.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDeuel County Advocate, A. G. Warner, publisher, Clear Lake; The In-\\nter-State, C. -L Ronald, publisher, Gary.\\nCOUNTY SKAT.\\nGary, in the east, is the county seat. It has a population of 800; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $2,000; methodist and presbyterian church edifices,\\nvalued at $9,000; public building, valued at $3,000; creamery; flour-mill,\\nvalued at $25,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1880, 1100,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAltamont, north of the center; population, 100; school-building, valued\\nat $500. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal, 18.000.\\nClear Lake, south of the center; population, BOO; school-building, valued\\nat $3,500; methodist and presbyterian church edifices, valued at $3,000;\\nflour-mill, valued at $20,000; cheese factory, valued at $2,500. Assessed\\nvaluation city property, 1886, real and personal, $38,513. Goodwin in the\\nwest school-building, valued at $2,500; baptist church edifice, valued at\\n$2,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal, $48,000.\\nToronto, in the south; population, 150; school-building, valued at$l,400;\\nchurch edifices; creamery, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886,\\nreal and personal, $15,957.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, fifty-eight; school population. 1,398;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, fifty-three; number of school-houses\\nbuilt-in 1886, four; average month!) pay of teachers, males, $30.75; fe-\\nmale s, $28.00; value of all school property, $33,476.00; expended for school\\noses during ear ending June 30, 1886, $21,949.22; cash remaining in\\n19.37; par amount of school bonds out-\\n\u00c2\u00bb.30; averag interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$1,456.45.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "362\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nVALUATK\\nN STATISTICS.\\nYear AC iStat P e ea 1 Valuation.\\nTown Lots Personal Prop-.^^JJf^J\\nvaluation, jerty valuation, county\\n1880\\n350,614\\n575,606\\n639,554\\n698,438\\n89,842\\n439.9.%\\n1885 237,515\\n1886 248,599\\n1887 266,182\\ng 83,526 86,806\\n49.912 109,289\\n51,155 Ins.; 16\\n819,242\\n989.184\\n1,010,629\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 188-3.\\nBushels, n\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\n39.785\\n4,807\\n29,294\\nnone\\nnone\\n2.810\\nnone\\n869.832\\n14,581\\n209,845\\n1,246\\n1,006\\n58,289\\n786.661\\n32,200\\n297.01)0\\n2,171\\n8.990\\nBarlev\\nFlax\\n70.995\\n4.800\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, thirty-seven; 1880, 2,302; 1885, 4,403. Lands\\nimproved, 1880, 8,501 acres; 1885, 59,6(53 acres. Number of farms, 1880,\\n450; 1885, 841. Average size of farms, 1880, nineteen acres; 1885, seventy 4\\none acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.66. County in-\\ndebtedness, 1887, $8,243. Potato crop, 18 85, 37,606 bushels. Wool elip,\\n1885, 11,212 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk. 505 gal-\\nlons; butter, 176,743 pounds; cheese, 1,732 pounds; eggs, 56,620 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nJno. A. ThronsoD\\nJ oseph Hebal\\nFrank E Millard\\nJos. E. Boyer\\nIra H. Case\\nT. C. Pe erson\\nT. E. Saiih rn\\nA. A. Merrill\\nJohn Cronin\\nGary\\nSheriff\\nGarj\\nClerk District Conn\\nGary\\nGary\\nGary\\nAttorney\\nSit erintenrlent ot Schools\\nSurveyor\\nClear Lake\\nI lear Lake\\nE. J. Gorton\\nM. S. Weeks\\nC. i eterson\\nCommissioners\\n1VU 1\\nA Itamont\\nL\\nJ. L. Mellon\\nClear Lake\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES L\\\\ r COUNTY, 1887.\\ni\\nAltamont JGoodwin |Toystad\\nBrandt Nordeu roronto\\nclea:- Lake Palmer |Willoughby.\\nDeuel Scandinavia\\nGary SUjold", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 363\\nDEWEY COUNTY.\\nrented, March 9, 1883, from Rusk. Unorganized.\\nDewey is one of the counties contained entirely within the boundaries\\nOf the Great Sioux Endian reservation.\\nDICKEY COUNTY.\\nArea, 7:17, 280 acres. Created March 5, 1881. Organized, July 1, 1882, by\\nappointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nR. C. Olin, A. 11. Whitney, Henry Gesehke.\\nDickey county is situated in the central part of Dakota, midway be-\\ntween the Missouri river and the Minnesota boundary line. The princi-\\npal streams are the James river, which traverses the eastern end of the\\ncounty from north to south, and Maple, and Elm rivers draining the cen-\\ntral and western portions. A few small lakes and marshes are distributed\\nover the eastern part of the county. Surface, a broad, level prairie, river\\nvalley, and the terraced hills of the Coteau du Prairie, which traverse the\\nwestern end of the county, from north to south. Soil, deep, rich loam.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (James river val-\\nley line,) eleven miles; stations: Glover, Oakes. Chicago, Milwaukee\\nSt. Paul railway, (James River line,) twenty-five miles; stations: Ellen-\\ndale, Monango. Chicago Northwestern railway, (Huron-Oakes line,)\\nfourteen miles; stations: Ticeville, Ludden, Oakes. St. Paul. Minneapolis\\nManitoba railway, (Ellendale extension,) twenty-four miles; stations:\\nCrescent Hill, Riverdale, Guelph, Silver Leaf. Ellendale. Minneapolis\\nPacific railway, (main line,) twenty-eight miles; stations: Oakes, York-\\ntown, Monango. Total miles of railroad in county, 102.\\nVacant public lands in county, 90,720 acres; Aberdeen land district,\\n19,840 acres; Fargo land dis rict, 70,880 acres.\\nBANK S.\\nThere are five banks doing business in the county, as follows: Security\\nBank, at Ellendale, C. P. Haseltine, president; T. M. Evans, cashier.\\nGannon, Smith Co., at Ellendale, F. B. Gannon, cashier. Bank of\\nMonango, at Monango, W. A. Caldwell, manager. Bank of Cakes,\\nat Oakes, H. C. Sessions, president; T. E. Marshall, cashier. Bank of\\nLudden, at Ludden, S. L. Kemmerer, president; I. J. Kemmerer, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nLeader, Moore Godard, editors and publishers, Ellendale. Commer-\\ncial. Bowsiield Wilson, proprietors, Ellendale. The Times, Ellis\\nBrown, publishers, Ludden. The Oakes Weekly Republican, Ellis\\nBrown, publishers, Oakes.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nEllendale, south of the center, is the county seat; population, 1,000;\\nschoo -building, valued at $5,000; methodist, and presbyterian church ed-\\nifices, valued at $5,000; court-house, valued at 810.000; water-works (ar-\\ntesian) system, valued at $8,000; flour-mill, valued at $15,000. Assessed\\nvaluation city property, 1886, real and personal, 8280,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nLudden, in the southeast; population 400; school-buildings, valued at\\n$2,500; church edifices, etc. Monango, west of the center; population\\n150; school-building, valued at $500; presbyterian church edifice, valued\\nat \u00c2\u00a72,000. Oakes, in the east; population 500; school-buildings; church\\nedifices; flour-mill; grain-elevators, etc Yorktown, northeast of Ellen-\\npopulation, fifty; school-building; methodist church edifice, valued\\nat 8800, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, sixteen; school population. 024; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, forty-two; number of school- houses built\\nton; average monthly pay of teachers, males. 805.00; females,\\n$30.00; value of all school property, $25,220.47; expended for school\\nrmrposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $20,711.73; cash remaining in", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "364\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nschool treasury, June 30, 18S6, $3,347.59; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $20,600.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$1,400.41.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885 1.606\\n1886 2.250\\n1887 2,739\\n209\\n259\\n249\\n1.970\\n2.787\\n3,549\\n815 490 152,236\\n400 1,031 1 203.096\\n492 763 1 226,990\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTo al as-essed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n230,793\\n283,652\\n432,409\\nG52 080\\n991,863\\n1,207,848\\n78.452\\n85.753\\n209,940\\n\u00c2\u00a7141,094\\n222,483\\n285,438\\n11,024,712\\n1.503,195\\n1.930,216\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBus- els in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n311.836\\n338.282\\n34.452\\n1.943\\n8.061\\n1,558 322\\n135,000\\n978,320\\nOats\\nBuckwheat\\n4.500\\nBarley\\n122,500\\n13,497\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 3,897. Lands improved, 1885,\\n87.077 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 1,396. Average size of farms,\\n1885, sixty-two acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2 79.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $22,662 Potato crop, 1885, 03,313 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 1,774 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nmilk, 499 gallons; butter, 136,676 pounds; cheese, fifty pounds; eggs, 29,377\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS, IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor Ed. N. Leiby\\nTreasurer Cha^. W. Porter.\\nSheriff Thomas C. Rice.\\nClerk District Court T. M. Evans\\nPro r ate Judge IS. A. Bowes\\nRegister of Deeds Prank Jerabek...\\nAttorney |A. D. Flemington.\\nEllendale..\\nEliendale..\\nEllendale.\\nEllendale..\\nEllendale.\\nEllendale..\\nEllendale.\\nSuperintendent of Schools C. A. Kent.... Elleudal\\nSurveyor |E. J. Hermans Ellendale.\\nCoroner j B. Thomas Ellendale..\\nf |D. B. McDonald, (chairman) Monango..\\n|H. J. Mallory Ludden.\\nJ J. P. Walker.*. Ellendale..\\nj [Ceo. W. Towers Ellendale..\\nLTormod Wettre Oakes.\\nCommissioners.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nEllendalk\\nGlover\\nGuelph\\nHillsdale\\ni Ludden\\njMerricourt\\n1 Monango\\nTiceville\\n\\\\Yr,iL ht\\nYorktown", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 365\\nDOUGLAS COUNTY.\\nArea, 299,520 acres. Created, January 10, 1873, from part of Charles\\nMix. Organized, February 16, 1881, by appointment, by the Governor, of\\nthe following commissioners, viz.: Walter II. Brown, Charles IT. Stil-\\nwell, and Edward B. Hoyet. This organization was revoked by Govern-\\nor s proclamation of July 10. 1882, and new commissioners appointed, viz.:\\nhas. E. Huston, Chas. A. Houlton, a? d Ferdinand Deisterhaupt.\\nDouglas is a county of southern Dakota, half way between the James and\\nMissouri rivers, and the second county north of the Nebraska line. Prin-\\ncipal stream, is the Choteau creek. Smaller streams lead the drainage of\\nthe county into the James river, on the west, and the Missouri on the\\nsouth. Surface, a fine undulating prairie. Soil, chocolate colored loam,\\nwith a porous clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Scotland Armour line,) thirteen miles; stations: Delmont, Armour.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Citi-\\nzens State Bank, at Armour, H. TV. Johnson, president; E. S. Johnson,\\ncashier. Douglas County Bank, at Armour, G. W. Lumley, manager.\\nBank of Harrison, at Harrison.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDouglas County Chronicle, T. B. Roberts, editor, Armour; South Da-\\nkota Tribune, W. F. Duncan, editor, Armour; South Dakota Tribune,\\nWoolman Bros., editors and publishers. Grand View; The Globe, Geo. C.\\nCulver, publisher, Harrison; De Xederlandsche Dakotaan, AY. P. Yan-\\nDerZan. editor and publisher. New Holland.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nGrand View, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n200; school-building, valued at 82.000; methodist church edifice, vabied at\\n$1,200. Assessed valuation city property, 1880, $50,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nArmour, south of Grand View; population. 500; school-building, valued\\nat $3,000; methodist and congregational church edifices, valued at $2,000.\\nAssessed valuation city property. 1886, real and personal. 185.000. Del-\\nmont, in the east; population, 200; school-building, valued at $1,000. Har-\\nrison, northwest of Grand View; population, 200; school-building, valued\\nat $2,000; church edifice, etc. New Holland, in the northwest; popula-\\ntion, forty; school-building, church edifices, etc.\\nschools; statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fiftteen; school population, 1,120; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, twenty-seven number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886 twenty -three average monthly pay of teachers, males, 827.87;\\nfemales, $26.70; value of all school property, $14,446.61 expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30. 1886, $18,821.73; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury June 30, 1 386, $1,196.74; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886. $12,500.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$1,825.54.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTIC-.\\nYear. Horses. M Asses| Cattle Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n694 1.887 8 184.940\\n4,167 742 2,039 1G8.653\\n4.20(3 494 2.196 179.073", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "360 RESOURCES OF DA KOT A\\nVALUATION STATISTICS\\nAcres Real v \u00c2\u00abin\u00c2\u00abtinn Town Lots Personal Prop-| T( ?M\\\\l J!\\nYear ite. Valnatiou. valuation, eny valuation, cminty;\\n83\\nS IS 721\\n12\\n8\\n287,285\\n110,544\\n4.845\\n1 15.018\\n647 419\\n1885\\n1886 j 117.881\\n1887 184^894\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels iu\\n1880.\\nWheat none 56,796 147.875\\nCorn none 188,025 671.1\\nOats. none 151,004 \u00c2\u00bb,900\\nRye none 656 2,025\\nBuck wheal none 989\\nBarley none\\nFlax none\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATIST 108.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, six; 1885, 3,801. Lands improved. 1880, none;\\n1885, 71,654 acres. Number of farms, 1880, one; 1885, 873. Average size\\nof farms, 1885, eightv-two acres. Average assessed valuation per acre,\\nL8S7, $2.G6. County indebtedness, 1887, 18,000. Potato crop, L885\\nbushels. Wool clip, 1885, 1,611 pounds. Dairy and other farm products,\\n1885: milk, 100 gallons; butter, 96,060 pound 2,792 pounds; eggs,\\n45,905 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Nairn 1 P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk K G. Foster Grand View.\\nTreasurer P. Eernisse Graud View\\nSheriff llmr\\\\ Thompson tTrand View.\\nClt rk District Court K. G. Foster Graud View.\\nProbate J dge W. N. Streeter Oram! View.\\nRegister of Deeds K. G. Foster Grand View.\\nAttorney K. W. lii;e Grand View.\\nSuperintendent oi Schools L. 11. Parks Grand View.\\nSurveyor James A. Punish Grand View.\\nCoroner Dr. J. W. Ward Grand View.\\nAssessor Fred Schroder Delmont\\nf |J. F. Keeton Grand View.\\nj Alex Duncan Grand View.\\nCommissioners Henry Ruff Grand View.\\nF. Le ocq, Jr Harrison\\nH. Wilson Delmont\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES l\\\\ COUNTY, 1887.\\nArmour\\nFlensburg\\nPlainview\\nPedah\\nSchatzville\\nDelra nt\\nGrand View\\nHillside\\nNew Ilol and\\nDUNN COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 9, 188:.. from Dart of Howard. lis boundaries were\\nchanged, March 10, 1885, parts to Billings and Villard and parts from Wil-\\nliams and McKenzie. Unorganized.\\nDunn county is situated in northern Dakota, south of the Missouri river", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES 01 DAKOTA. 367\\nand the second county east of the Montana boundary lino. Principa\\nsi reams, the Little Missouri and its tributaries, and the rreen rivei\\nface, agricultural and pastoral lands.\\nVacant public lands, 327,680 acres.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISG [l\\nilatiou of county, 1880, none; 1885. thirty-two. Lands improved,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba40 acres. Numbei of farm four. Average size of farms,\\n1885, 160 acres.\\nEDDY COUNTY.\\nArea. 414,720 acres. Created, March 9, 1885. from part of Foster. Or-\\nganized, April 15. 1885, by appointment, by the Governor, of the follow-\\ning commi Paul J. Braman, F. J. Dunham, John Prader.\\nEddy county is situated in Northern Dakota, south of the 48th parallel,\\nand equally distanl from the Missouri riveron the west, and the Red River\\non the east. Principal streams are the James, and Sheyenne rivers. A\\nlarge number of lakes and ponds are scattered throughout the county^\\nnotably in townships 148 and 149, north of range 63. Surface, a rolling,\\nundulating prairie. Soil, a fine, productive loam.\\n.Miles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (Jamestown\\nNorthern line,) 19.6 rail New Rockford, Tomfinson, Hheyenne.\\nVacant public Lai Fargo land district, 55,240 acres:\\nDevils Lake laud district, 42,240 acres; Grand Forks land district 25,000\\nacres.\\nKS.\\nThere is one hank doing business in the county: Bank of New Rock-\\nford, M. II. Dunnell, Dresident; F. A. Sebring, cashier, New Rockford.\\nNEWSPAPEKS.\\nTranscript, G. Dunn, editor and publisher, New Rockford. Eddy\\nCounty New Era, C. T. Canfield, manager; N. O. Fanning, editor, New\\nRockford.\\nBOUN1 V SEAT.\\nRockford, in the mty seat, it lias a population of\\n200; school-building, valued at $800; congregational and baptist church\\nedifices, valued a1 $1,500; flour-mill, valued at $10,000. Assessed valua-\\ntion town property, and personal, $70000.\\nhoolh, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, six; school population, 142; number of\\nschool-houses in district, five; number of school-houses built in 1886,\\ntwo; average monthly pay of teachers, males. $40.00; females. $32.07;\\nvalue of all school property, $3,160.00, expended for school purposes dur-\\ning year endi 678.58; cash remaining in school\\nry, June 30, 1886,1561.31; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\n.,000.00; average rat* rest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1\\nLIVE STOCK 81 mSTH s.\\nY .ar. Horsi ittle. Sheep. [lie. Valuation.\\n49 681 25 77\\n1886 50 771 10 227\\n1-7 50 12 188 84,995\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Rial Town Lots Personal Prop-\\near Valuation. va i ua tiou. erty valuation\\nTotal a\\nlal i\\ncounty\\nI- 44,457 H42\\n62.435 201.936 40.972 67,202\\n110,591 i,160", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "3G3\\nEESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels\\n1880.\\nin\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n60,953\\n370\\n57,199\\n126\\n1,170\\n268,000\\n520\\n135,000\\n360\\nBarley\\n22,000\\n2 080\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 825. Lands improved, 1885,\\n8.796 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 137. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nsixty-four acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.31. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $4,738. Potato crop, 1885, 11,420 bushels. Dairy and.\\nother farm products, 1885: milk; 202 gallons-; butter, 11,385 pounds; eggs,\\n11,515 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 18S7*\\nOffice.\\nAddress.\\nLIST OP POSTOFFICE-, IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nMorris New Rockfoed.\\nTiffany,\\nEDMUNDS COUNTY\\nArea, 437,280 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed February 6, 1885, (tier of unorganized towns added\\nto.) Organized, July 14, 1883, by appointment, by the Governor, of\\nthe following commissioners, viz.: Charles N. Skillman, Lewis F. Dief-\\nendorf, Loren A. Barbour.\\nEdmunds county lies in central Dakota, south of the 46th parallel, and\\nthe second east of the Missouri river. It has no large streams within its\\nborders, but is amply supplied with water in the shape of branches of the\\nSnake river, and numerous ponds distributed throughout the county.\\nSurface, broken somewhat, from north to south in the central part of the\\ncounty, by the Coteaus. Sloping east and west from the Coteaus\u00e2\u0080\u0094 surface,\\ngently rolling prairie. Soil, on the more level land, heavy, productive\\nloam. Sub-soil, clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) forty five miles; stations: Mina, Ipswich, Roscoe, Orono,\\nBowdle; (Roscoe line, south,) fifteen miles; stations: Roscoe, Vermont\\nCity, (north,) thirteen miles; stations: Roscoe, Hosmer. Total miles of\\nrailroad in county, seventy-three.\\nVacant public lands, 104.940 acres.\\nHANKS.\\nlug business in the county, as follows: Bank of\\nihier. Peoples Bank, at Bowdle,\\nW. R. Green, president. Da vies Easton, at Bowdle. Bank of Roscoe,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n309\\natRoscoe F. M. Hopkins, president; F. A. Googins, cashier Mortgage\\nBan and Investment Co ./at Ipswich E. A Meats, president; V fi\\nMears, cashier. Bank of Ipswich, at Ipswich M. P Beebe president;\\nC A Kinney, cashier. Edmunds County Bank, at Ipswich, John L.\\nWells, president; F. W. Cad well, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPEES.\\nPioneer, Fred J. Bowman, editor and publisher, Bowdle. Central Dakota\\nDemocrat, Geo. L. Campbell, editor and publisher, Hosmer. TheGazette,\\nII Rubles S. A. Cochrane, editors and publishers Ipswich. Da-\\nkota Tribune, A. B. Chubbuck, editor, Ipswich. Herald J. nA .1 arm-\\nley editor Roscoe. Magnet, Bernard Ranshaw, publishers, Roscoe.\\nJournal, W. P. Watson, publisher, Vermont City.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nIpswich, east of the center, is the county seat. It has a population ot\\n1,200; schooi-buiding, valued at 85,000; methodist congregational and\\ncatholic church edifices, valued at $6,000; water-works (artesian) system,\\nvalued at |6,5ii0; court-house; flour-mill, valued at $4 0U0. Assessed val-\\nuation citv property, 1886, real and personal, ^22o,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBowdle, in the west: population, 500; congregational church edifice\\nvalued at 51,200. Powell, south of Ipswich; school- building, valued at\\n$600 presbyterian church edifice, valued at $1 200 Roscoe, between Ips-\\nwich and Bowdle; population 500; school building .valued at *5,000,\\nmethodist, and presbyterian church edifices, valued at $10 000. Assessed\\nXtion citv property, 1886, $85,000. Vermont City, in the south; pop-\\nulation, fifteen; school-building, valued at .-0 200.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty; school population 742;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, twenty- eight; number ot school-\\nhouses built in 1880, fifteen average monthly pay of tea c hers ^M^-\u00c2\u00ab\\nfemales \u00c2\u00a726.30; value of all school property, ^13,913.04; expended lor\\nschool purposes during year ending June *i 1686, \u00c2\u00bb6,2U9 f 9 \u00c2\u00bbj cash remain-\\ning in school treasury, June 3 1 0.67 par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 3o, 188(5, $14,829.00; average rate ot interest paid on\\nbonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1880, \u00c2\u00a7236.00.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear\\n1886\\n1885\\nMules anc\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1.146\\n1,756\\n124 1,048 96\\n127 3 887 42\\n145 312\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\n289\\n156,261\\n\\\\cres Real\\nEstate.\\n176,602\\n217.77D\\nValuation.\\n$427,200\\nt. Total assessed\\nTown Lots Personal Prop- valuation of\\nvaluation. erty valuation.\\n7\\n173,024\\n$118,493\\ncounty.\\nS 693,370\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n18S0\\nBushels m\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nKve\\nBuckwheat n01,\\nBarlev aone\\nBl*3 A\\n104A81", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "370 RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMISCELLANEOUS S TATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 2,422. Lands improved, 1885,\\n26,101 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 653. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nforty acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.04. Potato\\ncrop, 1885, 13,026 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 606 pounds. Dairy and other\\nfarm products, 1885: milk, 723 gallons; butter, 24,891 pounds; eggs, 10,140\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOPPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk J. W. Parmley Ipswich....\\nTreasurer P. W. Cadwell Ipswich..,\\nSheriff J. IT. Hughes I Ipswich....\\nClerk District Court ;H. S. Mott Ipswich....\\nProbate Judge W. O. Stout Ipswich....\\nReg ster of Deeds ..J. W. Parniley Ipswich\\nAttorney H. C. Bdggs Ipswich\\nSuperintendent of Schools |Jno. J. Skahen Ipswich\\nSurveyor !Jas. H. Dwyer jRoscoe\\nCoroner Dr. A. J. Gilson ;Roscoe\\nAssessor R. J Agnew JTpswich\\n(Frank K. Wing Cortlandt,\\nCommissioners D. W. Jones.. Ipswich\\n(|L. G. Sims, (chairman) ..jRoscoe\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nBowdle\\n[Ipswich\\n|Orono\\niPowell\\n.[Roscoe\\nEMMONS COUNTY.\\nArea, 983,040 acres. Created, February 10, 1879, from original territory.\\nOrganized, October 16, 1883, by appointment, by the Governor, of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: James Gay ton, William L. Yeater, and Rob-\\nert S. Whitney.\\nEmmons county is situated in central Dakota, on the east bank of the\\nMissouri river, and north of the 46th parallel. Principal streams aie the Mis-\\nsouri river, the western boundary of the county, and the numerous creeks\\nflowing westerly, and tributary to the Missouri, notably, Long Lake, Bea-\\nver, and Cat Tail creeks. Considerable timber grows on the bottom lands\\nof the Missouri, and along the banks of the interior streams. Surface,\\nriver bottoms, rolling prairie, and level table land. In the townships\\nbordering the Missouri, the country is much broken and hilly for some\\ndistance back. Soil, of the agricultural lands, rich, black, alluvial deposit,\\nvery productive. About tw T o townships in the northwest corner of the\\ncounty, are included within the boundaries of the Fort Rice Military res-\\nervation. Deposits of lignite coal have been discovered in Emmons\\ncounty.\\nVacant public lands, 373,740 aores; Aberdeen land district, 57,580\\nacres; Bismarck laud district, 316,160 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nEmmons County Record, D. R. Streeter, editor and publisher, Wil-\\nliamsport; Times, Geo. H. Douglas, editor and publisher, Winona.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWilliamsport, north of the center, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 155; school-building, valued at 11.300; county building, valued at\\n$3,300.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nWinona, on the Missouri river; population, 150; school-building valued\\nat $2,500.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, nine; school population, 243; number", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n371\\nof chool-houses in district, eleven; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers, females, $81.80; value\\nof all school property, $10,741.38; expended for school purposes dur-\\ning year ending June 30, 188(5, $8,225.86; cash remaining in school treas-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2y June 30, 1886. 160-4.16; paramount of school bonds outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $12,600.00;\\n.$319.40.\\namount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\nLIVE\\nSTOCK\\nSTATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nS Horses.\\n1\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n722\\n646\\n897\\n61\\n69\\n67\\n2,329\\n2,032\\n2,407\\n2,514\\n2,909\\n3,21(3\\n65\\n325\\n191\\n77,767\\n91,167\\n95,467\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\ni.UUI L roi\\nerty valuation.,\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n58.439\\n67 681\\n255.623\\n210,852\\n213,926\\n598,825\\n1,503\\n12,396\\n9,974\\n37,228\\n42.308\\n27.769\\n327.347\\n362,797\\n732.035\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1830.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nBuckwheat\\nB.irlev\\nFlax\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n1,115\\n800\\n12.500\\n1,000\\nWheat none 8,773 168,000\\nCorn 900 31.188 74.000\\nOats 160 41.465 87,500\\nEye none none 500\\nnone\\nnone\\nj none\\nMISCELLANEOUS STAT1 STICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, thirty-eight; 1885, 1,046. Lands improved,\\n1880, 649 acres; 1885, 17,200 acres. JN umber of farms, 1880, eight; 1885, 355.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, eigbtv-one acres; 1885, forty-eight acres.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, #23,81 L Potato crop, 1885, 19,230 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 16,260 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nmilk, 16,080 gallons; butter, 88.712 pounds; eggs, 14,469 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTV OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP, O. Address,\\nCounty Clerk\\nE. T. Herrick\\nS. E. Brindle\\nWilliamsport\\nSheriff\\nGayton\\nClerk District Court\\nC. H. Bumstead\\nWinchester\\nE. T. Herrick\\nH. A. Armstrong\\nJ. H. Worst\\nH.W. Allen\\nWilliamsport\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nWilliamsport\\nWilliamsport\\nWilliams, ort\\nG. Haak\\nJames B. Gay ton, (chairman)\\nR, W. child\\nW. L. Yeater\\nWilliamsport\\nCommissioners\\na iiliamsport\\nArmstrong...\\nBuchanan\\nnanbuiv\\nEmmonsburj\\nExeter\\nLIST OF POSTOFFTCES IN COUNTY, 1887\\nGayton Willtamsport.\\nGleneoe Winchester\\nLivona Winona\\nOmie f\\nKoop", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "372\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA,\\nEWING COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 8, 1883, from part of Harding. Unorganized.\\nEwing is in the first tier of counties east of the Montana boundary, and\\nthe first south of the 46th parallel. Principal streams are the Little Mis-\\nsouri, and branches of the Grand river. Ewing county isunsurveyed and,\\nat present, is occupied only by stock men.\\nVacant public lands, 630,000 acres. Unsurveyed.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885. fifty.\\nFALL RIVER COUNTY.\\nArea, 1,036,800 acres. Created March 6, 1883, formerly Forsyth.\\nFall Kiver, a Black Hills county, is situated in the extreme southwestern\\nportion of the Territory. Principal streams, the south fork of the Chey-\\nenne and Fall rivers, arid Horsehead, Hat, Sand, Cascade, and Black Tail\\ncreeks. The Hot Springs, the most noted health resort in the Terri-\\ntory, are situated in the northern part of Fall River county. An abund-\\nance of native timber is distributed through the county. Surface, (south\\nof the Cheyenne river,) high upland, river valleys, and beautiful, rolling\\nprairie. Soil, rich loam, mixed with decomposed gypsum, very fertile,\\nand from one foot to several feet in depth. North of the Cheyenne river\\nthe county includes a portion of the broken and rugged surface of the\\nBlack Hilis proper, and is rich in deposits of many valuable mineral\\nores. For a more extended description of the Black Hills region, see\\nother pages of this publication.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (Fre-\\nmont, Elkhorn Missouri Valley line,) thirty-seven miles; stations: Oel-\\nrichs, Smithwicks.\\nVacant public lands, 968,000 acres; 920,000 acres unsurveyed.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Hot Springs Star, LaFleiche Stewart, publishers and proprietors,\\nHot Springs; The Times, John H. Harris, editor and publisher, Oelrichs.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nHot Springs, near the northern boundarv, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 500; school- building, valued at $3,000; methodist church\\nedifice, valued at $1,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and\\npersonal, $100,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nOelrichs, in the east; population, 300; school-building, valued at $1,500.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, three; school population, 150; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, one number of school- houses built in 1886,\\none; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $50.00; females, $50.00; value\\nof all school property, $2,800; expended for school purposes during year\\nending June 30, 1886, $2,228.59; cash remaining in school treasury, June\\n30, 1886, $9.75; par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$2,500; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTIC*.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules andj\\nAsses.\\nCattle\\nSheep.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n949\\n2,954\\n1,432\\n23.G03 1.283\\n11J81 1,692\\n1 3.613 1,053\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\n179\\n217\\nS395.242\\n285,943\\n281,057\\nYear.\\nAcres Eeal\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2.921\\n4.736\\n5,604\\n18,900\\n27.040\\n33,168\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n24.935\\n28.845\\n22.080\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n14.987\\n234.407\\n164,023\\n$454,064\\n576,235\\n500.328", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n373\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels\\n1880.\\nin\\nB\\nushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n43\\n735\\n3,750\\n20,000\\nCorn\\nOata\\nRye\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n41.400\\n30,000\\n625\\n160\\n9,000\\n900\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880 none; 1885, 472. Lands improved, 1885,\\n15,182 acres. Number of farms, 1SS5, eighty. Average size of farms,\\n1885, 190 acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.92. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $3,322. Potato crop, 1885, 2,995 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 9,900 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885 milk, 250 gallons\\nbutter, 3,030 pounds; eggs, 6,405 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk K. F. Harris Hot Springs.\\nTreasurer W. P. Phillips IHot Springs.\\nSheriff !H. A. Goulard |Hot Springs.\\nClerk District Court O. E. Sawyer IHot Springs.\\nProbate Judge C. S. Eastman Oelrichs\\nRegister of Deeds K. F. Harris [Hot Springs.\\nAttorney R. D. Norton IHot Springs.\\nSuperintendent of Schools W. C. 1 hompson JHot Springe.\\nSurveyor R. D. Jennings Hot Springs.\\nCoroner L. Fuller Hot Springs.\\nAssessor E. P. hilson Oeliichs\\nA. S. Stewart JHot Springs.\\nCommissioners A. A. Powell Cascade.\\nJames Smith (Buffalo Gap..\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCascade Hot Springs Oelrichs.\\nSrnithwick\u00c2\u00ab.\\nFAULK COUNTY.\\nArea, 670,720 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, March 8, 1883, part to Potter. Organized, October\\n25, 1883, by appointment, bv the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz.: Thomas L. Haines, Mathevv J. Jarvis, and Harvey A. Humphrey.\\nFaulk is a county of southern Dakota, the third south of the 46th parallel,\\nand the second east of the Missouri river. Principal stream is the Snake\\nriver, which heads in the southwestern part, and flows in a northeasterly\\ndirection through the entire length of the county. Numerous smaller\\nstreams drain other portions of the county. Scatterwood lake, the only\\nsheet of water of any importance, is in the extreme northeast corner,\\nand covers an area of, perhaps, 400 acres. Surface, in the Neighborhood\\nof the Coteaus, somewhat broken, and sloping in either direction into\\nundulating prairie. Soil, of the lower ground, rich, deep loam. The\\neastern two thirds of Faulk county, is in the James river valley region\\nthe western portion slopes toward the Missouri.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Roscoe line,) twenty-five miles; stations: Millard, Faulkton, Orient.\\nChicago k Northwestern railway, (Watertown-Faulkton line,) forty-live\\nmiles; stations: Zell, Rockham, Miranda, Faulkton, Burkmere, Seneca.\\nTotal miles ot railroad in county, seventy.\\nVacant public lands, 20,180 acres.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "374 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Faulkton, at Faulkton, Chas. White, president. Citizens Bank, at\\nFaulkton, J. W. Johnston, president; J. IT. Bottum, cashier. Faulk County\\nBank, at Faulkton, L. M. Sprowls, president; F. A. Seaman, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nIndependent, C. H. Ellis Co., editors and publishers, Ellisville;\\nFaulk County Times, H. A. Humphry, publisher, Faulkton; Faulk County\\nDemocrat, C. W. Dunkle, editor and publisher, Faulkton; Faulk County\\nRecord, A. E. Evans, publisher, Faulkton; Radiator, H. A. Humphry,\\neditor and publisher, Seneca; Sun, L. Q. Jeffries M. G. Simon, editors\\nand publishers, Seneca.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nFaulkton, in the center, is the counry seat. It has a population of 800;\\ntwo school-buildings, valued at $3,000; methodist, congregational, and\\npresbyterian church edifices, valued at $9,000-; court-house and jail, valued\\nat $5,000. Assessed valuation citv property, 18S6, real, $30,000; personal,\\n$54,000. Total, $134,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nZell, in the southeast; population, 100; school- building, valued at $400;\\nconvent of the Benedictine Sisters, property valued at $5,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\ndumber of organized townships, thirteen; school population, 922; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, thirty-six; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, twelve; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $29.84; females,\\n$28.11 value of all school property, $19,243.68; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $14,311.25; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $4,734.24; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $19,700.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $2,672.65.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\ni u\\nules a\\nAsses\\nndl\\nCuttle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,231\\n2,078\\n2,248\\n112\\n169\\n166\\n1\\ni\\n1,759\\n2,532 1\\n4 047\\n655\\n625\\n644\\n539\\n1,165\\n788\\n55,261\\n103,759\\n109,120\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY I Acres Real I Valuation I Town Lots jPersoiml Prop-j^n^ToTo f\\nlear I Estate. \\\\aiuation. valuatiou e rty valuation.; county\\n1885 179,535 506,317 5.755 57,212 624,545\\n1886 213,601 594,585 6,027 82.424 786,795\\n1887 250,611 733 0-18 _ 7 ,465 23,373 873,006\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n144.308\\n46.095\\n90,627\\n113\\n170\\n5,072\\n534 525\\nCoin\\nOats\\nRye\\n160.350\\n223.125\\n13 232\\n1.500\\nBarley\\nFlax..\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a217 310\\n37,485\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, lour; 1885, 3,120. Lands improved, 1885,\\n54,036 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 1,223. Average size of farms, 1885,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 375\\nforty-four acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.85.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $2,000. Potato crop, 18S5, 25,034 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 4,862 pound?. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter 57,994 pounds; cheese, 530 pounds; eggs, 40,620 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOPFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk I. Allen Connvell Faulkton\\nTreasurer C. E. Warner Faulkton.\\nSheriff H. I). Chamberliu Faulkton.\\nClerk District Court S. D. Griffee Faulkton.\\nProbate Judge C. H. Derr Faulkton.\\nRegister of Deeds I. Alien Coruwell Faulkton.\\nAttorney C lus. F. Hardy Faulkton.\\nSuperintendent of Schools A. A. McCoy... Faulkton\\nSurveyor Sherry B. Smith Faulkton.\\nCoroner A. F. Gosslee ...Faulkton.\\nAssessor A. D. Griffee\\nf has. Marvin, (chairman)\\nAlex. Garrick\\nCommissioners S. Smith\\nO. S. Johnson\\nJ. S. Nevins\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nBurkmere\\nChain\\nLaFoon....\\nMillard....\\nMiranda..\\nMoline\\nMyron\\nMcGrawvi\\nNewton....\\n1\\nOrient\\n...Roanoke\\niiel\\nEllisville\\nFAULKTON\\nIlion\\n...Wesley\\nZe!l\\nFLA NNE RY COUNTY\\nCreated, March 9, 1883, from part of Wallette. Unorganized.\\nFlannery is situated on the northern boundary, the second county from\\nthe Montana line. Principal stream is the Missouri river, which forms\\nthe southern boundary of the county. Numerous small tributaries of the\\nMissouri, together with lakes of some size, and the ponds of ths Plateau\\ndu Coteau du Missouri in the north, afford an abundant water supply. No\\nGovernment surveys of the public lands have yet been made in this\\ncounty. The surface of the county is said to be well adapted for farming\\nand stock-raising, with a good soil well drained, etc.\\nMiles of railroad in countv: St. Paul. Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\nthirty-three miles; stations: Siding 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.\\nVacant public lands, l,3i 5,600 acres.\\n^NEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county. 1880, none; 1885, sixty- four. Lands improved,\\n1885, o,0 )5 acres. Number of farms. 1885, six Average size of farms,\\n1885, 516 acres.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1S87.\\nGrin no 11 i Nesbon,\\nFOSTER COUNTY\\nArea, 414,720 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Pembina.\\nBoundaries changed February 14, 1883, parts of Wells and Griggs;\\nchanged again March 9, 1885, by the formation of Eddy county from the\\nnorthern half. Organized, September 27, 1883, by the appointment, by the\\nGovernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: E. TV. Brunner. Horace\\nM. Clark, L. P. Casey, Under the provisions of the act of March 9,\\n1884, Foster county was reorganized by the appointment, by the Governor,\\nof two commissioners, viz.: A. O. Elder, and F. G. Barlow.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "376\\nRESOTJKCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFoster county is in northern Dakota, south of Devils Lake. Principal\\nstream is the James river, which flows through the county in a south-\\neasterly direction, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. The Pipestem\\nand other tributaries of the James, in connection with numerous lakes,\\nafford an abundant water supply. Surface, rolling prairie and river valley.\\nSoil, the rich alluvial deposit of the James river valley.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (Jamestown\\nNorthern line,) 19.5 miles; stations: Melville, Oarrington, Barlow;\\n(Sykeston branch six miles; stations: Oarrington, -Boss. Total miles of\\nrailway in county, 25.5.\\nVacant public lands, 50,440 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nCarrington, Oarrington.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe News, J. M..\\\\Viard, editor and publisher, Oarrington.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nOarrington, in the west, is the coumy seat. It has a population of 500;\\nschool-building, valued at $800; congregational church edifice, valued at\\n$1,200; court house, valued at 87,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nMelville, on the southern boundary; population, 200; school building,\\nvalued at $700; congregational church edifice, valued at 81,600.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, seven; school population, 236; num-\\nber of school-houses built in 1886, seven; average monthly pay of teach-\\ners, males, \u00c2\u00a756.0:); females, $32.67; value of all school property, $7,836.15;\\nexpended for school purposes, during the year ending June 30, 1886,\\n87,537.06; cash remaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $892.52; par\\namount of school bonds outstanding, June 30, 1886, $4,900.00,\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nHorses.\\n329\\n572\\n548\\nCattle.\\n501\\n834\\n1.106\\nSheen.\\nSwine.\\n70\\n155\\n86\\n367\\n196\\nValuation.\\n34.027\\n82.560\\n83.846\\nYear.\\nAcres Eeal\\nEstate.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop- 1\\nerty valuation.!\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n136.409\\n146,600\\n212 560\\n$395,535\\n440,035\\n723 300\\n9 45.350\\n50.845\\n52,800\\n43.774\\n91 699\\n86,353\\ns 518,686\\n665,739\\n916.299\\nFAEM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for rears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels In Bushels in\\n1880. 1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn...\\nOats\\nBark- j\\nFlax\\n133,992\\nnone\\nI 2.500\\nnone\\n64,432\\n559.188\\n144.000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, thirty-seven; 1885, 902. Lands improvecL\\n188), l^o acres; 1885, 22,126 acres. Number of farms. 1880, three 1S85, 419.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, sixty-two acres; 1885, fifty-three acres. Av-\\nerage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.98. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n$6,856. Potato crop. 1885, 400 bushels.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 377\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IX 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName. P. 0. Address.\\nCounty Olerk G. L. Farnham Carrington.\\nTreasurer E. I Strong Carrington.\\nSheriff. Ralph Hall [Carrington.\\nClerk District Court C. K. liregorj Carrington.\\nProbate Judge Geo. H. Estabrook Carrington.\\nRegister of Deeds G. L. Farnham Carrington.\\nAttorney Heber McHugh Carrington.\\nSuperintendent of Schools Wm. Farquer Carrington.\\nCoroner John T.empleton ICarrington.\\nAssessor E. T. Guptil Carrington.\\nH. A. Roliday Carrington.\\nCommissioners K. G. Barlow Barlow\\n!A. 0. Elder Melville\\nLIST OF rOSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nRarlow\\nCJlenfield\\nMelville\\nGARFIELD COUNTY\\nCreated March 13, 18S5. Unorganized.\\nGarfield county is situated on the 102\u00c2\u00b0 of west longitude, north of the\\nMissouri river. All but a very small strip of the eastern portion of this\\ncounty lies within the boundaries of the Fort Berthold Indian reserva-\\ntion.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFort Berthold.\\nGRAND FORKS COUNTY.\\nArea, 898,560 acres. Created, June 4, 1873, from part of Pembina.\\nBoundaries changed, January 12, 1S75, part to Traill; changed again, in\\n1881, part to Walsh; changed again, in 1888, part to Nelson. Organized,\\nJanuary 4, 1873, and Geo. Winship, Jno. W. Stuart, Ole Thompson, ap-\\npointed commissioners by act of Legislature.\\nGrand Forks is a Red River valley county, the third south of the Inter-\\nnational boundary line. Principal streams, the Red River, the south\\nbranch of the Forest river, which passes across the northwest cor-\\nner of the county, Turtle river, which drains the bulk of the northern\\nand central parts of the county, and the numerous head-waters of the\\nGoose river, all tributary to the Red River of the North. Considerable\\nbodies of timber are found along the Turtle and Red rivers. Surface, for\\ntwenty miles west of the Red River, may be designated as a vast level\\nplain; beginning in town 1-30, north of range 53, west, are a series\\nof low, parallel ridges, composed of clay, gravel, and occasionally boul-\\nders, extending in a northwest direction to the banks of the Forest river,\\nnear the north line of the county. West of this system of hills and\\nridges, extends a broad, level region, perhaps ten miles wide, having a\\nsplendid soil and known as the Elk valley. Two western ranges of townships\\nextend into the region rising toward a plateau, and are somewhat broken.\\nSoil, of the Red River valley region, is a rich, alluvial soil, of unsurpassed\\nfertility, having a porous sub-soil, specially adapted to the retention of\\nmoisture. A number of small lakes are distributed over the county.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\nforty miles; stations: Grand Forks, Ojata, Emerado, Arvilla, Larimore,\\nPark River Junction, Shawnee, Niagara; (Fargo-Grand Forks line,) sev-\\nenteen miles; stations: Merrifield, Thompson. Reynolds; (Portland\\nbranch,) eighteen miles; stations: Larimore, Kempton, Northwood; (Park", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "378 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nRiver branch,) twenty-one miles; stations: Larimore, McCanna, Orr, Ink-\\nster; (Fargo and Grand Forks line,) twenty-four miles; stations: Grand\\nForks, Pierson/Manvel, Levant. Total 120 miles. Northern Pacific railroad,\\n(Grand Forks-Grafton line,) thirty-four miles; stations: Grand Forks,\\nBlooming. Total miles of railroad in county, 154.\\nYa cant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are eight banks doing business in this county, as follows: Citi-\\nzens National Bank, at Grand Forks, Win. Budge, president; S. S. Titus,\\ncashier. Grand Forks National Bank, at Grand Forks, M. L. McCormack,\\npresident; Win. O. Mulcalry, cashier. Merchants Bank, at Grand Forks,\\nE. P. Gates, president. Second National Bank, at Grand Forks, Alex.\\nGriggs, president; A. W. Clarke, cashier. Bank of Inkster. at Inkster.\\nElk Valiev Bank, at Larimore, A. W. Warren, president; \\\\V. S. Smith,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Larimore, A. J. Bowne, president; E.\\nC. Bennett, cashier. Bank of Northwood, at Northwood, Sydney C.\\nLough, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Herald, Geo. B. Winship, editor and publisher, Grand Forks;\\nDailv Plaindealer, W. J. Murphy, editor and publisher, Grand Forks;\\nEducational News, A. R. Griffith, editor and publisher, Grand Forks;\\nNorthwest News, W. R. Bierly, publisher. Grand Forks; Tidende, T.\\nGuldbrandson, editor and publisher, Grand Forks; Pioneer, W. M. Scott,\\neditor and publisher, Larimore.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nGrand Forks, on the Red River of the North, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 7, K30; two public school-buildings; court-house and jail, city\\nhall, engine house, etc., of the total value of \u00c2\u00a780,000; eight church edifices,\\nvalued at $40,000; waterworks system, valued at $60,000; electric light\\nplant, valued at $5,000; street-railwav contracted for; gas works, valued at\\n150,000; two saw-mills, capacity, 200.000 feet per day, valued at $150,000;\\ng-mills, valued at $50,000; brewery and malt-house, valued at\\n$50,000; two flour-mills, valued at 130,000; boiler- works; foundry; opera\\nhouse; steamboat lines, etc. Assessed valuation city propertv. 1880, real,\\n$756,000; personal, $400,000. Total, $1,150,000. The university of north\\nDakota, and TJrsuline academy (catholic,) are located at Grand Forks,\\nFor- a description of the university, see page 199 of this publication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nArvilla, in the center; population, 200; school-building, valued at $1,500;\\npresbyterian church edifice, valued at $2,700; Arvilla academy, etc.\\nFor a description of the academy, see page 221, this publication.\\nLarimore, west of the center; population, 1,200; school-building, valued at\\n$15,000; presbyterian, methodist, and catholic church edifices, valued at\\n$8,500; city hall, jail, and engine house, valued at $7,500; flour-mill, valued\\nat $40,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $87,545; personal,\\n$72,650; total, $160,195. Northwood, in the south; population, 200; school-\\nbuilding, value at $1,500; two church edifices, valued at $3,000. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $85,000. Reynolds, in\\nthe southeast; population, 150; school-building, valued at $1,000; metho-\\ndist church edifice, valued at $2,000. Thompson, south of Grand Forks;\\npopulation, 150; school-building, valued at $1,500; methodist church edi-\\nfice, valued at $1,600.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, ninety-five; school population, 3,379;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, eighty-six; number of school-houses\\nbuiltin 1886, fifteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $43.00; females,\\n$34.00; value of ail school property/ $131,195.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $58,735.81; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $13,304.91; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $92,800.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$3,241.00.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "1S80\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nYear\\nRESOURCES OE DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\n379\\nValuation.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n615.378\\n646 ,713\\n672.435\\n376,068\\n2,245 320\\n2.542.774\\n798 445\\n792,768\\n957,054\\n8 390.743\\n750 945\\n812.170\\n8 766 751\\n4.399,384\\n4.662.368\\n5.076.096\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nTable showin\\n1885, and 1887.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nproduct of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Bushels hi\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat 9S,362 3.615.7!! 5,460,000\\nCorn 511\\nOats 72,043 1,408 -000\\nEve none 89.311\\nBuckwheat none 2;;5\\nBarley 2.001\\nMIS US STATIST!\\nPopulation of countv, 1880,0,2-18; 1885, 20,454. Lands improved, 1880,\\n42,967 acres; 1885, 315,011 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 1,039; 1885,\\n2,885. Average size of farms, 1880, forty-one acres; 1885, 109 acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation i 1887, $3.78. Countv indebte\\n1887, $23,274. Potato crop, 1885, 365,372 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 0,179\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 33,290 gallons;\\nbutter, 352,001 pounds: cheese, 8,211 pounds; eggs, 300.3, l dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OK COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nXarne.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor John P. Bray Grand Forks.\\nTreasurer A Abrataamseii Grand Forks.\\nsheriff. James K. Swan Grand Forks.\\nClerk District Court [Geo. T. Shutt Grand Forks.\\nProbate Judge J. M. Cochrane Grand Forks.\\nRegister of Deeds E. C. Elwood Grand Forks.\\nAttorney Win. A. Selbv Grand Forks.\\nSuperintendent of Schools M A. Shirley Grand Forks.\\nSurveyor Alex. Oldham Grand Forres.\\nCoroner A. F. Rounsvell Larimore\\nI J. J. O Leary Northwood....\\nI Cbas. freeman Thompson....\\nCommissioners OmerL. Steele inkster\\nj A. Christian! Turtle River.\\n|M. Rueth Grand Forks.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBelleville\\nErnerado\\nGilbv\\nKempton\\nLarimore\\nvicCauna\\nrManvel\\nOjata\\nOrr\\nReynolds\\nThompson\\nTurtle River\\nMerrifield\\nNiagara\\nWalle", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "380 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nGRANT COUNTY.\\nArea, 426,240 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Deuel.\\nBoundaries changed, February 15, 1S77, part to Codington; changed again\\nMarch 8, 1883, parts from Roberts and Codington; changed again February\\n2, 1SS5, part from Roberts. Organized, June 5, 1878, by the appointment,\\nby the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Solomon Roberts,\\nJames G. Lamoreaux, Levi A. Card.\\nGrant county is situated on the Minnesota state line, the second county\\nsouth of the 46th parallel. Principal streams are the Whetstone, and\\nnorth and south forks of the Yellow Bank rivers. The county is well\\nwatered by small streams, and a number of lakes, scattered over its sur-\\nface. Considerable timber grows along the streams and in the Coteaus.\\nSurface, of the Coteaus, hilly and broken; of the country sloping from the\\nCoteaus, gently rolling prairie. The hills of the Coteaus are about fourteen\\nmiles wide, containing many streams of good water, bodies of timber, and\\nexcellent hay- meadows\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a country peculiarly adapted for stock-raising.\\nSoil, between the hills and the eastern boundary of the county, is a rich,\\nblack loam, enriched by a considerable admixture of lime. A part of the\\nnorthwestern corner of Grant county, equivalent in area to nearly three\\ntownships, is within the boundaries of the Lake Traverse Indian reserva-\\ntion. The southern extremity of Big Stone lake, a large and navigable\\nbody of water, touches the northeastern corner of Grant county.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) thirty-four miles; stations: Big Stone City, Mil bank, Twin\\nBrooks, Siding; (Whetstone branch,) seven miles; station: Milbank.\\nTotal, forty-one miles. Minneapolis St. Louis railway, (main line,)\\ntwenty-three miles; stations: Wilson, Troy, Revillo. St. Paul, Minne-\\napolis Manitoba railway, (main line,) twenty-three miles; station:\\nOporto. Total miles of raiiroad in county, eighty-seven miles.\\nVacant public lands, 9,900 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: Craig s\\nBank, Big Stone City, D. t. Craig, president; Chas. H. Keith, cashier.\\nGrant County Bank, at Big Stone City, B. R. Murphy, president; D. W.\\nFountain, cashier. Bank of Milbank, at Milbank/ Farmers Bank at\\nMilbank, A. M. Knight, president; R. F. Gibson, Jr., cashier. Merchants\\nBank, at Milbank, A. C. Dodge, president; W. B. Saunders, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHerald, Downie Neill, editors and publishers, Big Stone City; Grant\\nCounty Review^, H. A. Yolkmar, editor and publisher, Milbank; Index, D.\\nM. Evans, editor and publisher, Milbmk; Graphic, Harris Lyon, pro-\\nprietors, Revillo.\\nCOUNTV SEAT.\\nMilbank, north of the center^ is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 1,800; school- buildings, valued at $8,000; methodist, congregational,\\ncatholic, and Scandinavian church edifices; court-house and jail, valued\\nat 148,000; water-works system, valued at $26,000; two flour-mills, valued\\nat $19,000; bottling-works; creamery, valued at $4,000. Assessed valua-\\ntion city property, 1887, real and personal, $340,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBig Stone City, in the northeast; population, 700; school-building, val-\\nued at $3,000; methodist, evangelical, presbyterian, and catholic church\\nedifices, valued at $11,000; flour-mill, valued at $15,000; wood-working\\nestablishment, valued at $3,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886,\\nreal and personal, $104,356. Revillo, in the southeast; school-buildings;\\ncongregational church edifice, valued at $1,500; grain elevators, etc.\\nTwin Brooks, west of Milbaak; population, 250; school-building, valued\\nat $1,000; methodist church edifice, valued at $2,600. Assessed valuation\\ntown property, 1886, real and personal, $62,000. Wilson, in the south;\\npopulation, 100; school-building, valued at $600; flour-mill, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, sixteen; school population, 1,688;", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n381\\nnumber of school-houses in district, fifty-seven; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $33.46; females,\\n$28.31; value of all school property, $43,275; expended for school purposes\\nduring the year ending June 30, 1886, $30,559.35; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $2,838.27; par amount of school bonds outstand-\\ning June 30, 1886, $38,250; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven\\nper cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,1886, $10,849.23.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n188G\\n1887\\n229\\n2,602\\n3,065\\n3.2:;2\\n415\\n4,217\\n5,496\\n6,108\\n13\\n850\\n1,062\\n1,247\\n82\\n1,605\\n2.052\\n1.303\\n$153,398\\n196.140\\n183,957\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n186.345\\n206.034\\n228.314\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nlerty valuation.\\n49.570\\n578.669\\n668.764\\n714,338\\n177.505\\n212 182\\n229,705\\n$115,832\\n174.024\\n230,659\\n206,898\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n165,402\\n1,083 596\\n1,307.745\\n1,334.898\\n1889, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\nWheat 17,804 732,899 672,000\\nCorn 18,285 72.518 220.000\\nOats 11.566 391,110 480^00\\nKve none 400 1,840\\nBuckwheat none 293 1,500\\nBarley 585 52.250 55.000\\nFlax 6,800\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 3,01 1885, 6,793. Lands improved, 1880,\\n3,601 acres; 1885, 88,474 acres. Number of farms, 1880, eighty-seven; 1885,\\n1,039. Average size of farms, 1880, forty-one acres; 1885, eighty-five acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre. 1887, $3.12. County indebtedness,\\n1887, $107,550. Potato crop, 1885, 41,124 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 6,304\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 15,331 gallons; but-\\nter, 192,093 pounds; cheese, 3,663 pounds; eggs, 45,799 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProhate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCommissioners\\nJohn Douglass Milbank\\nF. H. Roberts Milbank\\nH. J. Benedict Milbank\\nS. A. Stream Milbank\\nB. A. Dodge Milbank\\nJ. C. Knapp Milbank\\nJas. F. Usher JMiibank\\nC. S. Amsden Milbank\\nW. S. Crowl (Milbank\\nDr. C. E. Daniels Milbank\\nB. P. Murphy, (chairman) Big Stone City.\\nC. B. Williams Marvin\\nW. T. Burraan IMilbauk", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "3S2 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nMlLBANK\\nTroy\\nKevillo\\nTwin Brooks\\nSt. Joseph\\nWilson\\nlYellow Bank\\nMarvin\\n|Stockholm\\nGREGORY COUNTY.\\nCreated May 8, 1862. Boundaries changed, January 8, 1873. Unorgan-\\nized.\\nGregory is a county entirely within the limits of the Great Sioux Indian\\nreservation, bounded on the south by the Nebraska state line, and on the\\neast and north by the Missouri river.\\nGRIGGS COUNTY.\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, February 18, 1881, part from Traill.\\nBoundaries changed March 8, 1883, part to Foster. Organized, June 10,\\n1882, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commission-\\ners, viz.: Allen Breed, Roliin C. Cooper, Wm. A. Glines.\\nGriggs county is situated in the northern part of the Territory the sec-\\nond county south of the 48th parallel, and the third west of the\\nMinnesota state line. Principal stream is the Sheyenne, which traverses\\nthe eastern part from north to south. Numerous small streams serve as\\nfeeders to the Sheyenne, and afford a general supply of water. Lakes\\nJessie, Addie, Sibley, and Red Willow and Clear Jakes are some of the\\nlargest sheets of water. Timber, such as oak, box-elder, elm, hackberry,\\nand bass-wood skirt the Sheyenne river nearly its entire course. Surface,\\nexcept in the narrow limits of the Sheyenne valley, undulating, upland\\nprairie. Width of the Sheyenne bottom varies from half a mile to nearly\\na mile. Soil, a black loam, of a depth of about twenty inches,\\nwith a sub- soil of clay, having an admixture of many components, and\\ncarrying heavily the alkaline salts, lime and silicious sands.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific, (Sanborn, Cooperstown\\nTurtle Mountain branch) 15.1 miles; stations: Hannatord, Coopers-\\ntown.\\nVacant public lands, 6,080 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: -Griggs\\nCounty Loan and Trust Co., Cooperstown; Lawrence Bros., Cooperstown,\\nJ. A. Lawrence, cashier. ri\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nCourier, Frank H. Adams, editor and publisher, Cooperstown; Inde-\\npendent, J. H. Vallandigham, publisher, Cooperstown.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCooperstown, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 500; school-building, valued at $6,000; congregational, baptist, and metho-\\ndist church edifices, valued at $5,000; court-house and jail, valued at $30,-\\n000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $73,154; personal, $60,-\\n830; total, $133,984.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, ten; school population, 482; number of\\nschool-houses in district, twenty-seven; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, five; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $38.37; females,\\n$36.73; value of all school property, $24,583.78; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $17,368.33; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $3,006.15; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $14,500.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$12,414 90.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS,\\n383\\nYear.\\nHorses. Ml1 e J nd Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n597 136 2.26S 385 669 82,195\\n1,056 170 2,553 236 1,218 162,1\\n1.208 1G2 386 191,\u00c2\u00ab61\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEs ate.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n158,122 S 72\\n1,143,979\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n8 67.491\\n76 004\\n85,981\\nPersonal Prop-}\\nertyvalm tion.:\\n125.507\\n199,818\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1.003,712\\n1,224\\n1,621\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn....\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarley.\\nFlax....\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nni. ue\\nnone\\n444 864\\n2.442\\n242.446\\n42.000\\n870\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 2,093. Lands improved, 1885,\\n57,137 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 612. Average size of farms. 1885,\\nninety-three acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.23.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $57,197. Potato crop, 1885, 28,817 bushels\\nWool clip, 1885, 710 p Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk,\\n710 gallons; butter, 52,562 pounds; eggs, 11,635 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Rollef Berg Cooperstown\\nTreasurer Krmd Thompson Cooperstown\\nSheriff M. L. Michaels Cooperstown\\nClerk District Court J. N. Jorgensen Cooperstown\\nProhate Jud^e Peter E. Nelson Cooperstown.\\nRegister of Deeds Rollef Berg Cooperstown\\nAttorney Iver Jacobson Cooperstown\\nSuperintendent of Schools Theo. F. Kerr Cooperstown\\nSurveyor M. A. Uland Cooper town\\nCoroner Dr. F. Newell Cooperstown\\nAssessor J. W. Feiro Cooperstown\\nf Roliin C. Cooper Cooperstown\\ni has. II. Moseley Helena\\nCommissioners DeForest Conaut Willows\\nj Nels Hemmingson Cooperttown\\nJohn Hogenson Ronmess\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCooperstown\\nGallatin\\ni\\nHannaford Romness..\\nHelena Willows\\nJessie\\nOttawa... 1\\nHAMLIN COUNTY.\\nArea, 345,600 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from parts of Deuel and\\nHanson. Boundaries changed, February 15, 1877, part to Codington. Or-\\nganized, August 12, 1878, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the\\nfollowing commissioners, viz.: Jacob Hanson, Magnus Hanson, Louis\\nNelson.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "384\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nHamlin county is situated in southern Dakota, south of the 45th parallel,\\nand the second county west of the Minnesota state line. Principal stream,\\nthe Big Sioux river, flowing from the north in a southeasterly course,\\nthrough the east end of the county. The Big Sioux is fed, in Hamlin\\ncounty, by a few smaller tributaries. The valley of this river is from one\\nto six miles wide. The county contains a half dozen or more lakes, which\\ncover, in the aggregate, an area of 15,000 acres; the largest of the^e are\\nLakes Poinsett, Albeit, St. John, and Norden. Quite a growth of timber\\nsurrounds Lakes Poinsett and Norden. Surface, generally level, or gently\\nundulating. Soil, a black, sandy loam, from eighteen inches to two feet\\nin depth, underlaid by a good, clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago. Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Madison Bristol line,) ten miles, Chicago Northwestern railway,\\n(Watertown-Brookings line,) twenty miles; stations: Castlewood, Demp-\\nter, Estelline. Total miles of railroad in county, thirty.\\nVacant public lands, 2,840 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Ham-\\nlin County Bank, at Castlewood, J. P. Cheever, president; PI. H. Curtis,\\ncashier. Bank of Estelline, at Estelline, W. H. Morehouse, president;\\nH. H. Reeves, manager. Commercial Bank, at Estelline, C. P. Gould,\\npresident; O. E. Anderson, assistant cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHamlin County Times, Geo. T. Reddick, editor and publisher, Castle-\\nwood; Bell, F. A. Parsons, editor and publisher, Estelline.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCastlewood, on the Big Sioux river, is. the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 500; two church edifices, valued at $2,500; school-building, valued\\nat $3,000; flour-mill. Assessed valuation city propertv, 1886, real, $20,000;\\npersonal, $15,000; total, $35,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nEstelline, in the southeast; population, 400; school-building, valued at\\n$2,200; two church edifices, valued at $1,200.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, six; school population, 952; number\\nof school-houses in district, forty-one; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $30.38; females, $29.06;\\nvalue of all school property, $31,507.59; expended for school purposes during\\nyear ending June 30,1886, $19,144.93; cash remaining in school treasury,\\nJune 30, 1886, $1,675.50; par amount of school bonds outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $24,472; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent;\\namount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $4,012.85.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\njMules and\\nAsses.\\n1 1\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n199\\n1.681\\n1.981\\n2,144\\n14\\n93\\n96\\n99\\n228\\n3,568\\n4,319\\n4,812\\n146\\n1,063\\n722\\n1,373\\n44\\n1,754\\n2.051\\n1.296\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n110.286\\n147.694\\n139,592\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation Town Lots [Personal Prop-\\nValuation, valuation, erty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n123,844 21,303\\n145,147\\n867.461\\n966.124\\n966,571\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n120.595\\n140.187\\n165,945\\n561.661 58.340 137 174\\n610.297 50,285 157.848\\n645,395 49.233 132.351\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OE DAKOTA.\\n385\\nFARM STATISTIC*.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushpls in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat 9.499 434,937 700,001)\\nCorn 1,885 14.110 49,500\\nOats 10,043 256,746 450 000\\nRye none 505 2.250\\nBuckwheat 100 772 1.275\\nBarley 1,700 64,295. 125,000\\nFlax _jlone 20,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 693, 1885, 3,757. Lands improved, 1880,\\n6,275 acres; 1885, 64,110 acres. Number of farms, 1880, ninety-six; 1885,\\n672. Average size of farms, 18S0, sixty-five acres; 1885, ninety-five acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.88. Countv indebtedness,\\n1880, $5,130. Potato crop, 1885, 43,099 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 5,730\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 6,300 gallons; butter,\\n88,886 pounds; cheese, 470 pounds; eggs, 35.983 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nI. C. Gilbertson\\nH. P. Horswill\\nA. A. Horten\\nJohn E. Hanna\\nL. F. King\\nI. C. Gilbertson\\nE. C. Webber\\nThos. Ward\\nC. E. Andrews\\ncastlewood\\nCastlewood\\nSheriff.\\nClerk District Court\\nCnsilewood\\nCastlewood\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCastlewood\\nCastlewcod\\nCastlewood\\nFlowerfield\\nQ. W. Daniels\\nWilliam Marshall\\nRobert Dixon\\nJacob Cass\\nEsielline\\nCommissioners\\nCastlewood\\nDixon\\nlEstelline\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCastlewood lEstelline Opdahl.\\nDempster Hayti Otto\\nDixon Kellerton Seward.\\nElkhorn Nora\\nHAND COUNTY\\nArea, 983,040 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, February 22, 1879, part of Burchard annexed;\\nchanged again, February 24, 1881 changed again, March 1, 1881; changed\\nagain in 1883, part to Hyde, part from Hyde. Organized, July 10, 1882, by\\nthe appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nG. W. Livingstone, John M. King, Frank G. AYilkins.\\nHand is a county of southern Dakota, south of the 45th parallel, and\\nthe third east of the Missouri river. Principal streams are, the Turtle\\nliver, and AVolf, Ree, and Turtle creeks. Numerous smaller tributaries of\\nthese streams, and a number of ponds and small lakes make the county a\\nwell-watered one. Surface, of the north part of the county, generally\\nuniform and smooth prairie, except at the north boundary, where the foot-\\nhills of the Bald mountains and Garfield Peak are reached. The Wes-\\nsington hills extend from a point about six miles west of Wessington sta-\\ntion, in a southeasterly direction, to the southeast corner of the county.\\nThe slope of the plateau toward the east is broken into innumerable\\nravines, through which flow a great number of small streams, fed by\\n(13)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "386 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nsprings. The Ree hills, in the western part of the county, cover an area\\nof about twenty-five square miles, and are elevated above the surround-\\ning prairies from 100 to 150 feet. Soil, throughout the whole valley, a\\nblack, rich, vegetable loam, varying in depth from one to three feet, with\\na substratum, generally, of yellow clay, impregnated with lime and mag-\\nnesia. A part of two townships in the southwest are contained within\\nthe boundaries of the Winnebago Indian reservation.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (main\\nline,) thirty-one miles; stations: Silex, St. Laurence, Miller, Ree Heights.\\nVacant public lands, 16,480 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nSt. Lawrence, at St. Lawrence, W. H. Waters, president; R. C. Anderson,\\ncashier. Citizens Bank, at Miller, R. C. Anderson, president; W. H.\\nWaters, cashier. Hand County Bank, at Miller, J. C. Yetzer, president;\\nA. D. Hill, cashier. Farmers and Merchants Bank, at Miller, Charles\\nMorrill, president: Fred. S. Morrill, cashier. Ree Valley Bank, at Ree\\nHeights, G. W. Clayton, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nSpring Lake Star, E. A. Williams, publisher, Dean; Chronicle, Adams\\nBros., editors and publishers, Howell; Republican, J. M. Templeman,\\nproprietor, Miller; Hand County Press, Kephart Bushfield, editors and\\npublishers, Miller; Gazette, J. M. Gass, editor and publisher, Miller; Da-\\nkota State Journal, S. L. Sage, editor and publisher, St. Lawrence; Satur-\\nday Tribune, Chiquet Waggoner, publishers, St. Lawrence; Ree Valley\\nFree Press, S. V. Ghrist, editor and publisher, Ree Heights.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nMiller, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 800;\\nschool-building, valued at $5,000; presbyteri^n, catholic, and methodist\\nchurch edifices, valued at $45,000; court-house and jail, valued at $4,000;\\nopera-house, valued at $4,000; flour-mill valued at $15,000; flax-mill; water-\\nworks (artesian) svstem, valued at $20,000. Assessed valuation city prop-\\nerty, 1886, real, $88,775; personal, $40,186; total, $128,961.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nRee Heights, in the west; population, 450; school-building, valued at\\n$2,700; congregational church edifice, valued at $1,500; water-works sys-\\ntem, valued at $5,000; artificial stone-works, valued at $1,000. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $85,000. St. Lawrence,\\neast of Miller; population, 600; school-building, valued at $4,000; presby-\\nterian and methodist church edifices, valued at $5,000; public buildings,\\nvalued at $3,000; artesian well, valued at $4,500; two flour-mills, valued at\\n$50,000; brick-yard. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and per-\\nsonal, $113,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, thirty-six; school population, 1,927;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, ninety-three; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, thirty; average monthly pay of teachers, males,\\n$31.05; females, $27.35; value of all school property $60,986.36; expended\\nfor school purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $37,787.60; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $5,385.42; par amount of school\\nbonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $53,900; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, seven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $7,674.38.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\ni\\nMules and;\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j Asses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n3,612\\n4,161\\n4,199\\n529\\nj 540 I\\n400\\n4,407\\n6,222\\n7,411\\n642\\n840\\n1,125\\n1,467\\n2,172\\n2.063\\n264,206\\n312,919\\n258.351", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 387\\nYA LUATION STATISTICS.\\nvoo,. Acres ^eal Voln Hf n i Town Lots Personal Prop- T l f 1 1 1 f i t s se se( l\\near Estate. Valuation. valuation e rty valuation. JjJjJ^ 011 of\\n1885 378,096 j 904.988 125,198 8 262,098\\n1886 1 412,671 1,174,429 125,995 1 311,444\\n1887 j 455,419 1,090,770 148.117 370,932\\nS 1.556.490\\n1,924.787\\n1,868,170\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat none not reported! 640,718\\nCorn none not reported; 524,556\\nOats none not reported 331.412\\nRve none not reported; 36.204\\nBuckwheat none not reported 3,300\\nBarley none not reported 31.807\\nFlax none not reported, 22,014\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 153; 1885, 7,057. Average assessed valuation\\nper acre, 1887, $2.40. County indebtedness, 1887, $27,640.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk S. S. Keeler Miller\\nTreasurer B R. Howell Miller\\nSheriff Peter E. McCray Miller\\nClerk District Court Chas. W. Bowne Miller\\nProbate Judge F. E. Parish Miller\\nRegister of Deeds S. S. Keeler Miller\\nAttorney John L. Pyle Miller\\nSuperintendent of Schools E. H. Wood Miller\\nSurveyor G. A. Gray Miller\\nCoroner Dr. H. Hewling Miller\\nAssessor A. Sebring Mill r\\nf JobnM. King St. Lawrence\\nI F. D. Ensign Ree Heights..\\nCommissioners -j Levi Harris Howell\\nClws. Thompson Bailey\\nJ. A. Woolhiser, (chairman) St. Lawrence.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 18537.\\nAmes\\nBailey\\nEagle\\nElizabeth\\nMelbourne\\nMiller\\nFlorence\\nGlendale\\nHand\\nHelmick\\nHopeland\\niHowell\\nBurdette\\nCedfer\\nRee Heights\\nSilex\\nDan forth\\nDean\\ntSweetland\\nVolney\\nHANSON COUNTY.\\nArea, 230,400 acres. Created, January 13, 1871, from parts of Brookings,\\nDeuel, and Minnehaha. Boundaries changed, Januaiy 8, 1873, parts to\\nDavison, Harnlin, Kingsbury, Lake, McCook, Mercer, Miner, Spink, Clark,\\nand Stone; changed again, February 22, l$k), part of Cragin annexed;\\nchanged again in 1881, part of Davison. Organized, January 13, 1871, and\\nGeo. E. Vernon, G. H. Whetmore, Jno. Coffrey, appointed commission-\\ners, and Rockport, (old Fort James,) designated as county s^eat, by act of\\nLegislature.\\nHanson, a James river county is situated in southern Dakota, in the\\nthird tier of counties north of the Nebraska boundary line, and the third", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "388\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nwest of the Minnesota state line. Principal stream is the James river,\\nwhich flows through the southwest part of the county. Rock, Chalk-\\nstone, and Pierre creeks, are tributaries of the James, from the north\\nand east. Black Earth or Wolf creek, is a stream of considerable size,\\nflowing through two of the eastern townships, and Twelve Mile creek\\nwaters the extreme southwestern township. Surface, generally, undulat-\\ning, and gently rolling prairie. Land bordering on the streams, more\\nbroken, and in places quite hilly. Soil, a rich, black loam, averaging\\nabout two feet in depth, with a clay sub-soil. A few lakes and ponds are\\nfound in the northeastern portion of the county,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the largest of which,\\nLong lake is a sheet of water about four miles in length and half a mile in\\nwidth. The Sioux Falls quartzite, a valuable building and paving stone,\\ncrops out along the James river, notably at Rockport and Redstone. _\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) twenty miles; stations: Emery, Alexandria, Burton. Chica-\\ngo, St. Paul, Minneapolis Omaha railway, (main line,) eighteen miles:\\nstation: Fulton. Total miles of railroad in county, thirty-eight.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Far-\\nmers Bank, at Alexandria, I. J. Gray, president; M. C. Whitney, cashier.\\nHanson County Bank, at Alexandria, Donald Grant, president: E. P.\\nBrown, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nAdvocate, Dil worth Parshall, editors and publishers, Alexandria;\\nHerald, L. C. Taylor, editor and publisher, Alexandria; Journal, M. J.\\nSimpson, editor and publisher, Alexandria; American Swineherd, James\\nBaines, editor and publisher, Alexandria.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nAlexandria, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n1 000; school-building, valued at $2,500; presbyterian, catholic, methodist,\\nepiscopal, congregational, and baptist church edifices, valued at $18,000;\\ncourt-house and jail, valuedat 115.000; sewerage system; flour-mill, valued\\nat $5,000; creamery, valued at $3,500; music hall, valued at $5,000.\\nAssessed valuation citv propertv, 1887, real, $101,794; personal, $91,040;\\ntotal, $192,834.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fourteen; school population, 1,041;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, fifty -two; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, eight; average monthly pay of teachers males, $27.70;\\nfemales, $27.11; value of all school property, $43,250.00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, 120,407.53; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury June 30,1886, $3,449.01; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $29,650.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, eight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $432.04.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHories.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nYear.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1887\\n514\\n2,019\\n2,876\\n2,690\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n138.733\\n151,236\\n168.726\\n121\\n113\\n116\\n1,155\\n4,808\\n5.224\\n5,534\\n3.353\\n2.996\\n2.31 H l\\n321\\n3.467\\n2,780\\n2,494\\nS 136.091\\n156.531\\n159.777\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots j Personal Prop- 1 T ta 1 t\\nvaluation. erty valuation.; county\\n36.156\\n502,469\\n631,707\\n706,904\\n9 96.378\\n78,916\\n83,117\\n24,979\\n110.109\\n181.229\\n173,386\\n61,135\\n845.047\\n1. 048^83\\n1,123.184\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 389\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vcars 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat 3,674 229,099 360.000\\nCom 3,625 176,236 560 000\\nOats 6,615 297,052 350.000\\nRye none 2.723 8,000\\nBuckwheat one 807 180\\nBarlry 156 20,474 105.000\\nFlax.! none 70.000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 1,301; 1885, 3,933. Lands improved, 1880,\\n12,877 acres; 1885, 57,309 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 282; 1885,\\n774. Average size of farms, 18S0, forty-six acres; 1885, seventy-four acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.19. County indebted-\\nness, 1887, $16,616. Potato crop, 1885, 27,801 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n9,191 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 153,781\\npounds; cheese, 400 pounds; eggs, 70,601 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOPPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCountv Clerk Geo. E. Foster Alexandria\\nTreasurer P. F. Wick hem Alexandria\\nSheriff Thos. J. Wilson Alexandria\\nClerk District Court Thos. R Flick Alexandria\\nProbate Judtre |Jas. K. Hochkins Alexandria\\nRegister of Deeds eo. E. Foster Alexandria\\nAttorney R. M. Dott Alexandria\\nSuperintendent of Schools Jap. H. Petrie Alexandria\\nSurveyor B. B. Colborne Alexandria\\nCoroner M. S. Wilson Alexandria\\nAssessor Henry Gordon Alexandria\\ni Wm. S. Logan Hazelton\\nCommissioners 1 M. Sansen Alexandria\\nI A. B. Brown Alexandria\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887,\\nAlexandria Fulton Redstone.\\nBard Hazelton Kockport.\\nEmery May wood ._.\\nHARDING COUNTY\\nCreated, March 5, 1881, from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 8, 1883, parts to Burdick and Ewing. Unorganized.\\nHarding county is situated on the western boundary of the Territory,\\nand just north of the Black Hills. Principal streams are the Little Mis-\\nsouri and the Moreau rivers, and their tributaries. None of the public\\nland in Harding county is surveyed, and, as yet, are occupied only as\\nstock ranges.\\nVacant public lands, 630,000 acres. UnsuTveyed.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nMacy.\\nHETTINGER COUNTY\\nCreated, March 9, 1883, from part of Stark. Unorganized.\\nHettinger is a county of western Dakota, the second east of the Mon-\\ntana boundary line, and just north of the 46th parallel. Principal streams", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "390 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nare the Cannon Ball and the north fork of the Cannon Ball rivers, and\\nChanta Peta and Coal Bank creeks. No Government surveys have yet\\nbeen made in Hettinger county, but much of the land is broad and smooth,\\nwith an extremely fertile soil. There is quite a fringe of timber border-\\ning on the streams. Lignite coal, lime-stone, building-sand, and good\\nwater abound.\\nVacant public lands, 614,400 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nRainy Buttes Sentinel, Mead Avers, editors and publishers, New\\nEngland City.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable\\n1885, an\\nshowing\\nd 1887.\\nproduct of field crops, on\\nfarms in\\ncounty, for\\nyears 1880,\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat....\\nCorn\\nOats\\nBarley\\n:::::::::::::::::::::r::::::::::\\nnone\\nnone\\n11011b\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n125\\n150\\n200\\n80\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nNew England C\\nity.\\nHUGHES COUNTY.\\nArea, 495,360 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed in 1883, part to Hyde. Organized, November 20,\\n1880, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commission-\\ners, viz.: Joseph Reed, W. P. Ledwich, and Geo. L. Ordway.\\nHugnesisa county of southern Dakota, bounded on the west and south\\nby the Missouri river, and the north by the 3d standard parallel. Prin-\\ncipal stream is the Missouri river, which washes the western and\\nsouthern border, for a distance, including its Avindings, of about seventy-\\nfive miles. Tributaries of the Missouri in Hughes county, are Medicine\\ncreek, which flows west for fifteen miles, near to, and parallel with the\\nnorth line of the county, and then turns and runs nearly south to its junc-\\ntion with the Missouri Chapelle and Spring creeks. A number of smaller\\nstreams, fed by springs, flow into these rivers and creeks. A\\nconsiderable growth of native timber borders the banks and covers the\\nislands of the Missouri river. Some timber is also found along the course\\nof the smaller streams. Surface, high, rolling prairie, river and creek\\nbluffs, and bottom lands. The Missouri bluffs adjacent to the river, are\\nquite rugged and broken, rising to heights of from 150 to 300 feet above\\nthe stream. Medicine Butte, a few miles southwest of Blunt, is an im-\\nmense, isolated hillock, flanked by lesser ones, towering some 500 feet\\nabove the bed of the Missouri river. Soil, a rich and productive black\\nloam with clay sub-soil. About seven townships, in the southern part of\\nthe county, are within the boundaries of the Winnebago Indian reserva-\\ntion.\\nMiles of railroad in county Chicago Northwestern railway, (main\\nline,) forty-seven miles; stations: Harrold, Clearwater, Blunt, Canning,\\nRousseau, Norbert, Pierre.\\nVacant public lands, 4,800 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are ten banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nBlunt, at Blunt, C. N. Lukes, cashier. Citizens Bank, at Blunt, R. W.\\nBeebe, president. Hughes County Bank, at Blunt, N. C. Warren, pre^t-\\ndent; E. C. Garvin, cashier. Bank of South Dakota, at Harrold, Thos. H.\\nLeach, president; Moses Young, cashier. William Summerside, at\\nHarrold. Bank of Pierre, at Pierre, C. G. Robinson, cashier. Citizens\\nBank, at Pierre, S. S. Clough, president; Eugene Steere, cashier. Dakota\\nCentral Bank, at Pierre, T. W. Pratt, cashier. Traders P ank, at Pierre,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n391\\nH. M. McDonald, president; W. W. McDonald, cashier. First National\\nBank, at Pierre, FredT. Evans, president; W. G. Nixon, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nAdvocate, Advocate Publishing company, publishers Blunt; Dakota\\nSchool Journal, Henry Hoffman, editor and publisher, Blunt; Free Press,\\nJ. C. McManima, editor, East Pierre; Collegian, presbyterian college fac-\\nulty, publishers, East Pierre; Star, H. O.Besancon, editor and publisher,\\nHarrold; Sentinel, Sentinel Publishing company, publishers, Harrold;\\nSignal. E. B. Miller S. G. Dewell, editors, Pierre; Dakota Journal, Da-\\nkota Publishing company, publishers, Pierre; Dakota Ruralist, Geo. C.\\nCrose, editor, J. C. McManima, manager, Pierre.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nPierre, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 2,000; school-building, valued at $5,000; congregational, presbyterian,\\nmethodist, catholic, and episcopal church edifices, valued at $20,000; court-\\nhouse, jail, city hall, and fire department houses together, valued at $43,-\\n000; street railway, valued at $15,000; water- works system, valued at $75,-\\n000; flour-mill; brewery; public hall; two paddng houses; brick-yard, etc.\\nAssessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $489,000; personal, $175,000;\\ntotal, $864,000. For a description of the Pierre university, see page 217\\nthis publication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBlunt, in the north; population, 1,000; school-building, valued at $5,000;\\npresbyterian, methodist, and baptist church edifices, valued at $6,000;\\nopera house, valued at $7,000; two flour-mills, valued at $40,000. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $110,000. Canning, east\\nof Pierre population, 150; school-building, valued at $2,500; church edifice,\\nvalued at $1,500; flour mill, valued at $3,500; sorghum manufactory, etc.\\nAssessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $40,000. Har-\\nrold, in the northeast; population, 250; school-building, valued at $2,200;\\nwater- works system, valued at $2,400. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $50,000. Rousseau, between Pierre and Canning;\\npopulation, fifty; school-building, valued at $750.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fifteen; school population, 1,026; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, thirty-five; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, five; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $45.00; females,\\n$33.86; value of all school property, $25,411.91; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $23,543.23; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $6,034.69; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $12,900,00; ayerage rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$569.30.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\n1\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1.315\\n1,482\\n1,297\\n146\\n125\\n111 1\\n1,447\\n2,211\\n2,679\\n25\\n86\\n832\\n617\\n1,066 I\\n835\\n93,131\\n109,103\\n102,974\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\ni Personal Prop-\\njerty valuation,\\nTotal\\nvaluation of\\ncouuty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n166.630\\n186,011\\n181,570\\n465,334\\n577,544\\n515,452\\n704.968\\n604,476\\n666,908\\ni 190,926\\nI 249.867\\nj 191.313\\n1,454,358\\n1,540,990\\n1,476,647", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "392\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA,\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n18S0\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nWheat none 68,301 300,000\\nCorn 1.160 57,018 137 50C\\nOats none 70,630 231.250\\nRye none 890 8.250\\nBuckwheat none 1,256 1,200\\nBarlev none 2,147 11900\\nFlax none \u00e2\u0080\u009e_. 12,288\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 268; 1885, 5,2(58. Lands improved, 1880, 146\\nacres; 1885, 5G,587 acres. Number of farms. 1880, twenty-nine; 1885, 965\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, five acres: 1885, fifty-nine acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, 82.83. Countv indebtedness, 1887,\\n$57,035. Potato crop, 1885, 29,764 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 267 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 9,461 gallons: butter, 19,158\\npounds; cheese, 456; pounds; eggs, 59,574 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nJames S. Sebree\\nEveret B. Palmer\\nGeo. W. Harris\\nDell Toy\\nWilliam -Tough\\nPierre\\nPierre\\nPere\\nPierre\\nPierre\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nCoe. I. Crawford\\nCrosby G. Davis\\nChas. Leischer\\nDr. C. C. Spr*gue\\nSamuel C. Hayes\\nA. D. Marriott\\nW. S. Wells\\nPierre\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nCommissioners\\nI\\nPierre\\nPierre\\nPierre\\nThos. H. Green\\nHarroid\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\nin 1SS7.\\nBlunt\\nDeGrey\\nOahe.\\nPlERR\\nBussard\\nGic\\nt Pierre\\nE\\nLdinsrs\\nRouss\\nshiloli\\n:au\\nClearwater\\nHarroid\\nHUTCHINSON COUNTY\\nArea, 552,960 acres. Created May 8, 1862. Boundaries changed. Jam\\nary 13, 1871; changed again, January 8. 1S73, and changed again Februan\\n22 1879, Armstrong annexed. Organized. January 13, 1871. T. J. Max-\\nwell, Jno. Brey. and Henry Maxwell were appointed commissioners, and\\nMaxwell City designated as the countv seat, by act of Legislature.\\nHutchinson, a James river county, is situated in southeastern Dakota,\\nbeing the second county north of the Nebraska boundary line, and mid-\\nway between the Missouri river on the west, and the Big Sioux river on\\nthe east. Principal stream, the James river, which flows through the\\ncounty, from north to south, dividing it into two nearly equal divisions.\\nSmaller streams, affluents of the James river, such as Wolf, Red Earth,\\nFurlong s, Dunn s, Schamberg s, Ulmer s, Dawson, Ferguson, Lone Tree,\\nDry, Pony, Coffee, and Twelve Mile creeks, furnish an abundant supply\\nof water to nearly every section of the county. Silver lake the largest\\nsheet of water is in the northeast corner. Surface, a fine rolling prairie,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n393\\nexcept in the neighborhood of streams, where it is more broken and un-\\neven. Soil, the rich, black loam, of the .lames river valley, with a bluish,\\nor yellow, clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Scotland Armour line,) sixteen miles; station: Tripp; (Mitchell Tripp\\nline,) twenty-one miles; stations: Tripp, Parkston; (Running Water\\nbranch,) twenty-one miles; stations: Freeman, Menno. Total miles of\\nrailroad in county, fifty-eight.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nPark-ton, at Parkston, Jacob SchaetzeL, president; Wm. Schaetzel, cashier.\\nMenno Bank, at Menno.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHerald, Williams Bros., publishers, Olivet: Rural Voice, A. Sheridan\\nJones, editor and publisher, Olivet; German American, Freeman; School\\nand Home, A. Sheridan Jones, publisher. Olivet; Parkston Advance,\\nHippie Fletcher, publishers, Parkston; Patriot, H. A. Pike, editor,\\nParkston; Budget, Tripp.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nOlivet, on the James river, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n200; school- building, valued at $2,000; christian and methodist church\\nedifices; court-house and jail, valued at $5,000. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886, real and personal, 350,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nMenno, east of Olivet; school-building, valued at $2,000; catholic, luth-\\neran, German reformed, church edifices; creamery, valued at 31,000.\\nMilltown, in the north; population, eighty; school-building, valued\\nat $5700; united brethren church edifice, valued at -Si, 500; flour-mill, val-\\nued at 810,1.00. Tripp, in the southwest; population, 200; school-building,\\nvalued at 81.500: German lutheran church edifice, valued at \u00c2\u00a71,000; cream-\\nery, valued at $1,000. Parkston, north of Tripp; population, 250; school-\\nbuilding, valued at 81,800; catholic and methodist church edifices, valued\\nat $3,500. Assessed valuation town property, 1887, real and personal,\\n$55,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1880.)\\nNumber of organized districts, eighty-one; school population, 2.914;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, sixty-two; number of school- houses\\nbuilt in 1880, five; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $29.10; females,\\n$25.25; value of all school property, $29,905.46; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during year ending June 30, 1880, 821,017.20; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury June 80, 188(5. $5,290.92; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1880,317,005; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1880,\\n$2,123.06.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine,\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n2,373\\n72\\n6.165\\n1885\\n5,026\\n104\\n12 954\\n188G\\n106\\n13.346\\n1887\\n6 083\\n120\\n15.886\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n11,940\\n19.034\\n12,301\\n11.280\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\n2.442\\n4,888\\n5.431\\n7.254\\n8 504.370\\n507.109\\n559.701\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880 8 102.940\\n1885 207.827 1.168.452 8 30,957\\n1886 324.140 1,403,749\\n1887 349.878 1.740,897 52,017\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nt 296 041\\n398.987\\n7\\n1,988.485\\n175.070\\n2.115,984\\n339.278\\n2,692,493", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "394\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA,\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBush Is in\\nBushels in s Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarlev\\nFlax\\n135 364\\n53.256\\n65,768\\n950\\n40\\n18 478\\nnone\\n235 347\\n252 563\\n449 004\\n3,175\\n475\\n20,289\\n480.555\\n885 144\\n6S0.174\\n12.474]\\n2,527\\n50,752\\n2*2,800\\nM I SCE L LA X EO US STATISTICS\\nPopulation of county, 1870, thirty- seven; 1880,5,573; 1885, 9,006. Num-\\nber of farms, 1880, 960; 1885, 1,404. Lands improved, 1885, 119,850 acres.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, 147 acres; 1885, eighty-five acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.98. Countv indebtedness, 1887, $209.\\nPotato crop, 1885, 42.214 bu- hels. Wool clip, 1885, 132,169 pounds. Dairy\\nand other farm products, 1885: milk, 25,617 gallons; butter, 260,220 pounds;\\ncheese, 3,765 pounds; eggs, 147,437 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk JF. J. Eisenmann\\nTreasurer John Schamber\\nSheriff j David Bellon\\nClerk District Court James C. Boyles\\nProbate Judge Frank Bern\\nRegister of Deeds F. J. Eis nniann\\nAttorney [G. P. Harben\\nSuperintendent of Schools SSolon M. Daboll\\nSurveyor E. C. Marchant\\nCoroner Dr. James Brewster\\nAssessor Christian Aisenbrey\\n(iHenrj Heil. (chairman).\\nCommissioners Peter Maag\\nllsaac Stambrook.\\n|01ivet\\n10 ivet\\n(Hirer\\nOlivet\\n{Olivet\\n[Olivet\\nOlivet\\nOlivet\\njTripp\\n|01ivet\\nMenno...,.\\nMenno\\nITripp\\nMilltown.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFreeman.\\nMabel\\nMenno....\\nMilltown.\\nOlivet....\\nPar. ston.\\n.jTripp\\nVVestford\\n.j Wittenberg\\nHYDE COUNTY\\nArea, 552,960 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, February 27, 1883, parts from Hand, Sully, and\\nHughes. Organized, April 12, 1884, by the appointment, by the Governor,\\nof the following commissioners, viz.: A. E. Van Camp, Lewis E. Witcher,\\nJohn Falde, Jr.\\nHyde county is situated in southern Dakota, on the Missouri river,\\nsouth of the 4th standard parallel. Principal stream, is the Missouri\\nriver, which forms the southwestern boundary of the county for about\\nfive miles. The central portion of Hyde county is drained by the head\\nbranches of Medicine creek, and the southern part by branches of\\nCrow creek. A few small streams flow directly into the Missouri river,\\nand a few drain, northeast, into Hand county. Chapelle creek drains\\nabout a township in the southwest. A number of small lakes and ponds\\nare distributed over the county. Surface, generally, a rolling prairie,\\nrising, in the northeast, to an elevated plateau, sometimes miscalled the\\nBald mountains. Soil, a deep vegetable loam, rich in the productive\\nelements, and with a sub-soil of clay. The Winnebago Indian reserva-\\ntion covers the six southern townships.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n39:\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (main\\nline,) eighteen miles; stations: Bramhall, Highmore, Holabird.\\nVacant public lands, 22,320 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two hanks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nHighmore, at Highmore, S. Drew, president; Frank Drew, cashier. Hyde\\nCounty Bank, at Highmore, A. IF Everhard, president; 0. P. Everhard,\\ncashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPioneer, A. H. Bell, editor and publisher, Bramhall; Blade. J. L. How-\\nard, editor and publisher, Bramhall; Hyde County Bulletin, Howard C.\\nShober, editor and publisher. Highmore; Herald Ely Johnson, editor\\nand publisher, Highmore; Advocate. A. B. Vines, publisher, Flolabird;\\nHyde County Star, J. A. Sedgwick, editor and publisher, Sedgwick.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nHighmore, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n600; school-building, valued at $4,000; methodist church edifice, valued at\\n12,500; court-house and jail, valued at $8,000; artesian well, valued at\\n$7,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal, $83,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBramhall, in the east; population, fifty; school-building, etc. Chapelle,\\nin the southwest; school-building, church edifice, etc. Holabird, west of\\nHighmore; school-building, etc. Sedgwick, in the north; population,\\ntwenty-five; school-building, valued at \u00c2\u00a7500, etc.\\nSCHOOLS. (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, seventeen; school population, 601;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, thirty- nine; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, twelve; average monthly pay of teachers, males, \u00c2\u00a727.33;\\nfemales, \u00c2\u00a727.79; value of all school property, \u00c2\u00a729,v//9.02; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a714,740 29; cash remaining\\nin school treasury June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a71.330.96; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, \u00c2\u00a728,066.66; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, seven per cent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $9,362.13.\\nLIVE STOCK STATTSTCS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle. Sheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n8GI\\n901\\n95G\\nIll\\n120\\n125\\n933 62\\n1,425 141\\n1.91 S 127\\nS~0\\n400\\n39.802\\n55.797\\n73,701\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real v o,^h\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Town Lots Personal Prop- ^fLiY^f nf\\nEstate. Valuation. valuation, erty valuation. JJinU.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n123,909 357,525 32.351 57.714 487.392\\n153,554 449.778 42.032 170,261 717 868\\n169,418 450 512 48,505 64.949 637.667\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in I Bushels in Bushels in\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n1880.\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n18S5.\\n1887.\\n20 976\\n8.499\\n23,905\\n30\\n17\\n535\\n194.250\\n171,(00\\n259.000\\n1,820\\n250\\n21.675\\n55,000", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "396 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 2.157. Lands improved, 1885,\\n32,541 acres. Number of farms, 1885. 516. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nsixty-three acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.67. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $20,600. Potato crop, 1885, 7,653 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 408 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 29,912 gal-\\nlons; butter, 18,415 pounds; eggs, 18,433 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFEICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk M. G. Sinon Highmore.\\nTreasurer Homer James Highmore.\\nSheriff S. R. Meigs Highmore.\\nClerk District ourt L. Q. Jeffries Highmore.\\nProbate Judge O. W. Beebe Highmore.\\nRegister of Deeds M G. Sinon Highmore.\\nAttorney A. N anCamp jHighmv/re.\\nSuperintendent of Schools T. E. Price [Highmore.\\nSurveyor D. L. C-^dwallader Highmore.\\nCoroner H. H. Stoner Highmore.\\nAssessor Simon Fritzson Sedgwick..\\nf E. VanCamp, (chairman) Highmore.\\nW. F. Pidge Hawley\\nCommissioners W. H. Triplett Sedgwick..\\nK. E. Murphy Holubird...\\ni L. \\\\V. Harvey S Highmore.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAfton Hawley Sedgwick.\\nBramhall Highmore Stephan...\\nChapelle Holabird j lennis\\nGoudyville Ida i\\nJACKSON COUNTY.\\nCreated March 8, 1883. _\\nJackson is a county within the boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian\\nreservation.\\nJERAULD COUNTY.\\nArea. 345,000. Created, March 9, 18S3, from parts of Buffalo and Aurora.\\nOrganized. October 1 1883, by appointment, by the Governor, of the follow-\\ning commissioners, viz.: Hiram Fisher, Samuel H. Melcher, and A. B.\\nSmart.\\nJerauld county is situated in southern Dakota, on the 44\u00c2\u00b0 latitude,\\nand midway between the Missouri and James rivers. Principal streams,\\nare Firesteel and Sand creeks, tributaries of the James river, which drain\\nthe eastern portion of the county, and two branches of Crow creek,\\nwhich drain the western slope into the Missouri river. There are a num-\\nber of springs and lakes in the county. The largest sheets of water are\\nCrow and Shallow lakes. Surface of the eastern part, generally level; of\\nthe western part, considerably broken by hills and bluffs, but not sufficient-\\nly to interfere with cultivation. The county is divided, near the center,\\nnorth and south, by the eastern slope of the Wessington hills which ex-\\ntend entirely hrough it. These hills rise abruptly on the east, and for\\nsome half a mile back, are broken, rough, and somewhat stony, but are\\nwell adapted for grazing purposes. After leaving this rough strip, the\\nland is a rolling prairie with beautiful valleys, watered by never fail-\\ning springs, and small lakes, Soil, a productive loam, with day sub-soil.\\nMiles oi railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n{James river line,) five miles, station: Alpena.\\nVacant public lands, none.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n397\\nBANES.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: D.\\nF. Rover, at Alpena. Bank of Wessington Springs, at Wessington Springs,\\nC. E. Thayer, president. Jerauld County Bank, at Wessington Springs,\\nC. W. McDonald, president.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nJerauld County Journal, D. F. Rover, editor and publisher, Alpena;\\nHomesteader, W. R. Pooley, editor, row hake; Jerauld County Messen-\\nger, O. P. Hull, editor, Watei bury Herald, Blank Blank, editors and\\npublishers, Wessington Springs; true Republican, B. B. Blosser, editor\\nand publisher, Wessington Springs.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWessington Springs, near the center, is the county seat. It has a pop-\\nulation of 300; school-building, valued at $800; church edifices; public\\nbuild mas. valued at $3,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real,\\n$25,000; personal, $30,000; total, $55,000.\\nOTHER IMP iRTANT TOWNS.\\nAlpena, in the northeast; population, 250; school-building, valued at\\nS2,5()0; methodist church edifice, valued at $2,500. Waterbury, in the\\nwest; population, 200; school- building; cheese factory, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 18 6.)\\nXumber of organized townships, fifteen; school population, 976; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, fifty-three; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, 826.35; females,.\\n824.09; value of all school property, $29,807.96; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $10,891.71; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $888.61; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 80, 1886. 827,600.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,1886,\\n86 21tj.(i3.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTIC-.\\nYear. Horses. Ma A e s es and Cattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation,\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nYear.\\n1886\\n1,751\\n1,927\\n2,131\\n277\\n201\\n183\\n3,965\\nI 388\\n5,044\\n1,713\\n1722\\n1,888\\n1.372\\n1,148\\n1243\\nS 111.866\\n127,245\\n150,053\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Beal\\nEstate.\\n114.736\\n134,800\\nValuation.\\n3 284,625\\n338,875\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n19,069\\n21.317\\n2n,514\\n8 95,747\\n84 228\\n85,135\\nS 511 307\\n521,665\\n631.592\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in count v, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels\\n3880.\\nin Bushels in Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat none 85.296 348.000\\nCorn none 71.066 640 000\\n0ats none 109,193 750\\nR ye none 195 7,125\\nBuckwheat none\\nBar lev none 1 281\\nlax none 7\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 3,458; Lands improved.\\n41,699 acres. Number of farms. 1885, 823 acres. Average size of farms,\\nI880, fifty-one acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887. $2.81.\\nCounty indebtedness. 1887, $13,923. Potato crop, 1885, 23,811 bushels.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "393 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nWool clip, 1885, 8,229 pouuds. Dairy and oth?r farm products 1885: milk,\\n505 gallons; butter, 63,786 pounds; cheese, 5,540 pounds; eggs, 24,892dozen;\\nNAME AND PQSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF CQTTNTY OFFICERS IX 1887 _\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address-\\nCounty Clerk L. N. Loomis Wessington Springs..\\nTreasurer W. J. Williams Wessingtou Springs.\\nSheriff J. M. Spears Wessington Springs.\\nulerk District Court C. W. McDonald Wessingtou Springs.\\nProbate Judge FT. M. Riee Waterbury\\nRegister of Deeds L. N. Loomip W ssington Springs\\nAttorney i H. Null Wessington Springs\\nSuperintendent of Schools I. S. Binford Lyunaale\\nSurveyor H. J. Wallace Wessington Springs.\\nCoroner E. L. Turner Wessington Springs\\nAssessor J. O. Gray Upena\\nO. A. Knudtson Starkey\\nOcmm ssioners L. G. Wilson, (chairman) Parsons\\niJeffSickler Bates\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IX COUNTY, 1887,\\nAlpena ^tarkev Waterbury\\nCrow Lake Stock..*. Wessington Spki\\nGordon Sullivan\\nLynndale Templeton\\nKIDDER COUNTY.\\nArea, 737,280 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, March 10, 1885, part from Buileigh and part to Stan-\\nton. Organized, December 21, 1880, by the appointment, by the Governor,\\nof the following commissioners, viz.: W. F. Steele, John Van Deusen,\\nFrank S. Whipple.\\nKidder county is situated in northern Dakota, midway between the\\n46th and 48th degrees of latitude, and the second county east of the Mis-\\nsouri river. There are no streams of any size within its borders, but a\\ngreat number of natural springs, lakes and ponds, furnish an abundant\\nsupply of water to neaihy every section. Principal lakes, areHorsehead,\\nand Long. Surface, gently undulating prairie, broken hy lakes,\\nhills, and valleys. Along the line of the Northern Pacific railroad, the\\nsurface is, generally, level, except in the eastern portion, which is slightly\\nhilly. The southeast corner of ihe county is hilly, and broken by ridges\\nor low buttes. East of Horsehead lake marks the commencement of the\\nfamed Mouse river pass, run r ing in a northwesterly direction, to the Mouse\\nriver valley, with a width varying from five to twelve miles. The north-\\neastern portion of the county is similar in topography to the southeastern.\\nSoil, generally, a rich, black loam, reaching, in somelocalities, to a depth\\nof six feet. Sub soil, clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county Northern Pacific railway, (main line,) 28.3\\nmiles; stations: Crystal Springs, Tappen, Dawson, Steele, Geneva. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, 28.3 miles.\\nVacant public lands, 256,000 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Dawson\\nBanking Co., at Dawson, J. D. Thomson, president; E. F. Heyd, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nOzone, F. S. Corwin, editor and publisher, Steele; Breeze, J. J. Sargent,\\neditor and publisher, Dawson.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSteele, southwest of the center, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 700; school-building, valued at $5,000; presbyterian church edifice,\\nvalued at $3,0n0; court-house, valued at $30,000; w-ater-works system, val-\\nued at $15,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $150,000; per-\\nsonal, $120,000; total, $270,000.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n399\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nDawson, east ot Steele; population, 300; school-building, valued at\\n$3,000; congregational church edifice, valued at $2,000; Hour- mill, valued\\nat $17,500. Tappen, east of Dawson; population 175; school- building, val-\\nued at $800; congregational church edifice, valued at $2,500.\\nschools, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, six; school population, 228; number of\\nschool-houses in district, four; number of school-houses built in 1886,\\nfour; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $45.00; females, $33.50;\\nvalue of all school property, $11,000; expended for school purposes during\\nyear ending June, 30, 1886, $3,021.56; cash remaining in school treasury,\\nJune 30, 1886, $1,827.69 ;par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $6,400; average rate. of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nM As S ses. lld Cattle Sheep\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n382\\n534\\n886\\n72 434 871\\n1 69 472 830\\n132 1,002 1,363\\n115\\n273\\n247\\n33,974\\n52,076\\n83,035. t\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-I^Xn**\\nerty valuation. f\\n104,263\\n105 905\\n456,658\\n313.701\\n384,265\\n1,177.225\\n114,271\\n179,200\\n118.788\\n57,748\\n82,019\\n113,224\\nS 519,694\\n697,560\\n1,492,272\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax..\\nnone\\nnone\\n18,040\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n241,593\\n3,100\\n188,337\\n936\\n33,430\\n245,663\\n3.000\\n121,500\\n23 000\\n2,100\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, eighty-nine; 1885, 1,572. Lands improved,\\n1880, 3,365 acres; 1885,20.687 acres. Number of farms, 1880, three; 1885,\\n293. Average size of farms, 1880, 1,122 acres; 1885, seventy-one acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.58. County indebtedness,\\n1887. $36,323. Potato crop, 1885, 45,753 bushels. Wool clip, 18S5, 7.628\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 2,040 gallons; butter,\\n35,180 pounds; eggs, 16,933 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nE. M. Wilcox\\nW. A. Fridlev\\nJ. D. Smith..\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nSteele....\\nC erk District Court\\nProbate Judue\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nC. G. I). VYatkins\\nE. N. Parker\\nE. M. Wilcox\\nJ. W. Walker\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nSteele i\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nC. M. Fulton\\nSurveyor\\nGeo. H. Cook\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nSteele\\nDawson\\nSteele\\nCoroner\\nR. H. Dodds\\nAssessor\\nJ.hn F. Simpson\\nr\\nJohn Harcourt\\nCommissioners J.\\nThos. Neill\\nW. R. Hollidny", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "40 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCrystal Springs |Hazlebrock Tappen\\nDawson McGuire\\nDeVTorris S ieelr\\nKINGSBURY COUNTY.\\nArea, 552,960 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Hanson.\\nBoundaries changed, February 22, 1879. Organized, December 13, 1879,\\nby the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz Henry J. Burvie, Ben Loker, Herbert R. Palmer.\\nKingsbury is a county of southern Dakota, between the Big Sioux and\\nJames rivers, and just north ot the second standard parallel. There are\\nno streams of any size in the county. Redstone, Iroquois, and Rock\\ncreeks, are small streams draining the western portion. A prominent\\nfeature of Kingsbury county, is the large number of lakes of good water\\nwithin its borders the most noted of which are Lake Preston. Lake\\nThompson. Lake Albert, and Lake White wood, each covering from five\\nto fifteen square miles of surface. The water surface of the county prob-\\nably equals forty square miles. Surface, generally level, with some roll-\\ning prairie. The county being on the water-shed constituting the great\\neastern Coteau of Dakota, occupies an elevated position, the land grad-\\nually sloping away, on the east, toward the Big Sioux, and on the west, to-\\nward the Dakota, or James river. Soil, the usual black loam, underlaid\\nwith a substratum of yellowish clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Madison-Bristol line,) twenty five miles; stations: Lake Preston, Old-\\nham. Chicago Northwestern railway, (main line,) thirty-eight\\nmiles; stations: Arlington, Lake Preston, DeSmet, Manchester, Iro-\\nquois; (Hawarden line,) thirteen miles; stations: Iroquois, Esmond.\\nTotal, fifty one miles. Total miles of railroad in county, seventy-six.\\nVacant public lands, 1,550 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are seven banks doing business in this county, as follows: Central\\nDakota Bank, at Arlington, L. A. Kidder, president; II. L. Whitney,\\ncashier. Burt Bradbury, at Arlington. Bank of Iroquois, at Iroquois,\\nWm. P. Thorp, president; C. F. Zimmermann, cashier. Farmers and\\nMerchants Bank, at Iroquois. D. M. Fredericks, president; L. L. Los-\\ntutter, cashier Merchants Exchange Bank, at Lake Preston, A. S. Shep-\\nherd, president; G. W. Fifield, cashier. First National Bank, at DeSmet,\\nJ. H. Carroll, president; P. Lawrence, cashier. Kingsbury County Bank,\\nat DeSmet, A. W. Newman, president; T. H. Ruth, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nSun, H. A. Whiting, editor and publisher, Arlington; Kingsbury County\\nNews, Hopp McDonald, editors and publishers, DeSmet; Leader, C. P.\\nSherwood, editor and publisher DeSmet; Land and Labor Spy, Spy Pub-\\nlishing Co., edi ors and publishers, DeSmet; The Herald, B. M. Price,\\neditor and publisher, Iroquois; Times, L. J. Bates, editor and publisher,\\nLake Preston; The Times, L. L. Bancroft, editor and publisher, Man-\\nchester; Oldham Rustler, Oldham.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nDeSmet, near the center, is the county seat. It has a populalion of 800;\\nschool-building, valued at $5,01 0; methodist, catholic, congregational, and\\nbaptist church edifices, valued at $3,000; flour-mill, valued at $8,000;\\ncheese-factory, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,000.\\n)T II E R I .M P I IT A XT T WX S\\nArlington, on the eastern boundary; population, 400; school-building,\\nvalued at 83,000; methodist church edifice, valued at $2,500; Hour-mill\\nand creamery, together, valued at $15,000. Assessed valuation city prop-\\nerty, 1S86, real and personal, $95,000. Esmond in the southwest; popula-\\ntion, forty; school-building, valued at $600; methodist and congregational", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OP DAKOTA.\\n401\\nchurch edifices, valued at $5,000. Iioquois, on the webtern boundary;\\npopulation, 500; school-building, valued at $1,500; opera house; methodist\\nand congregational church edifices, valued at $4,000. Assessed valuation\\ncity property, 1836, real and personal, $87,000. Lake Henry, in the center;\\npopulation, 100; school-building, valued at $500; congregational church\\nedifice, valued at $2,800. Lake Preston, between DeSmetand Arlington;\\npopulation. 300; school-building, valued at $2,000; church edifice, valued at\\n$2,5i)0. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $72,017.\\n.Manchester, between DeSnaet and Iroquois; population, 100; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $1,000; presbyterian church edifice, valued at $1,500;\\ncheese factory. Assessed valuation town property, 188(5, real and personal,\\n$10,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fourteen; school population, 1,817\\nnumber of school- houses in district, eighty- eight; number of school\\nhouses built in 1886, six; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $31.39\\nfemales, $20.78; value of all school property, $26 821,03; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1880, $32,881.69; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury June 30, 1886, $5,308.23; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1S80, $56,000; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding; June 30,1886,\\n$10,308.81.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and;\\nA\u00c2\u00abses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n43\\n3.320\\n4,219\\n4,827\\n4\\n137\\n198\\n177\\n112\\n6,630\\n8,191\\n9.109\\n947\\n1,252\\n1,386\\n9\\n2,421\\n2,322\\n1,682\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n273,221\\n318,143\\n372.862\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPpnniifllPrnn Total ssessed\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n193,587\\n222,(i26\\n266.253\\n15 961\\n608.909\\n683.115\\n925,233\\n119,508\\n156,601\\n177.512\\n37,273-\\n226,928\\n291,938\\n;c,\\n9 53,\\n1,228.\\n1,449.797\\n1,872,394\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat 180 672.791 1678,720\\nCorn 160 68,698 293 250\\nOats 985 428,812 1,054 375\\nRye none 1.969 5,607\\nBuckwheat none 3.116\\nBarley none 80 629 232 400\\nFlax non e 1 07,750\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, 1,102; 1885,7,345 L nds improved, 1880,\\n10, acres; 1885, 130,068 acres. Number of farms, 18S0, twelve; 188-5, 1,700.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, sixteen acres; 1 SS seventy-six acres. Aver-\\nage assessed valuation per acre. 1887, $3.48. County indebtedness, 1887,\\n$8,000. Potato crop, 1885, 90,042 bushels. Wool clip 1885, 5,412 pounds.\\nDaiiy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 2,7^5 gallons; butter, 251,722\\npounds; cheese. 1,550 pounds; eggs, 469,376 dozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "402 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 18S7.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nR. N. Buun\\nHoward Hall\\nDeSmet\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nL. S. Fieldby\\nC. L. Dawlev\\nJ. E. Kised./rph\\nJ. i*. Gipson\\nJohn A. Owen\\nPelmet\\nDeSmet\\nDeSmet\\nDeSmet\\nDeSmet\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nMissE. H. Stead\\nB. S. Wheeler\\nJ. N Willett\\nDeSmet\\n[Iroquois\\nILake Preston\\nEd. Beiike\\nBen Loken\\nTerr j- Lawton. (chairman)\\nA. M. Aspaiiwall\\nE. H. rouse\\n1 Arlington\\nCommissioners\\n1\\nI\\nIroquois\\nManchester\\ni DeSmet\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1881\\nArlington Esmond Neptune.\\nBartram Iroquois Oldham.\\nClyde Lake Henry Spring 1 ake.\\nDeSmet Lake Pr\u00c2\u00bb stou.\\nErwin Manchester..\\nLAKE COUNTY\\nArea, 368,640 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Brookings,\\nHanson, and Minnehaha. Boundaries changed, February 22, 1879;\\nchanged again, in 1883, part to Miner. Organized, September 1, 1873, by\\nthe appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nJohn T. Hare, Herman X. Luce, Joseph I) u puis.\\nLake is a county of southern Dakota, immediately south of the 2nd stand-\\nard parallel, and in the second tier of counties west of the Minnesota state\\nline. Principal streams are Battle creek, which drains the northeastern\\nportions of the county, -kunk creek, which drains the southeastern por-\\ntion, and the east fork of the Vermillion river, which drains the western\\nportion. The county received its name from the large number oi small\\nlakes within its boundaries. The largest of these is Lake Madison, a\\nbeautiful sheet of water, some four miles in length. Other principal\\nbodies of water are Brant lake. Lake Herman, and Lake Milwaukee.\\nGroves of native timber fringe the margins of these lakes. Surface, a\\ngently, undulating prairie, broken by river and creek valleys, and the\\nbasins of the numerous lakes. Soil, a dark colored, sandy loam, very pro-\\nductive. Sub-soil, clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(mainline,) twenty-eight miles; stations: Wentworth, Madison, Winfred;\\n(Bristol-Madison linej fifteen miles; stations: Madison, Komona. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, forty-three.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: Citizens\\nNational Bank, at Madison, W. F. Smith, president; J. A. Trow, cashier.\\nFirst Xational Bank, at Madison, F. D. Fitts, president; L. H. Keene,\\ncashier. Madison Xational Bank, at Madison. E. H. Jacobs, president;\\nS. W. Jacobs, cashier. Bank of Wentwort. at Went worth, G. W. Wright,\\ncashier. Dakota Loaning Association, at Winfred, E. L. Bradbury, pres-\\nident; G. L. Wright, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nSentinel, F. L. Mease, publisher, Madison; Lake County Leader. J. F.\\nStahl, editor, Madison; Dakota Letter, C. F. Shaffer, editor, Wentworth;\\nPublic Ledger, J. E. Patten, publisher, Winfred.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n403\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nMadison, in the center, is the county seat. It lias a population of 1,200;\\nschool-buildings, valued at $5,1*00; methodist, presbytenan, two baptist,\\ncatholic, and adventist church edifices, valued at $13,500; court-house, and\\njail, city, hall, engine house together, valued at $18,000; flour-mill, valued\\nat $15,000; creamery, valued ai $3,000; flax-mill; opera house. Assessed\\nvaluation city property, 1886. real, $262 895; personal, $235,993; total, $498,-\\n8cS8. The state normal school is located at Madison. For a description\\nof the institution, see page 204, this publication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nWentworth, east of Madison; population, 250; school-building, valued at\\n$3,600; German lutheran, episcopal, and presbyterian church edifices,\\nvalued $2,000; flax-mill, valued at $8,000; flour-mill, valued at $8,000.\\nWinfred, on the western boundary; school-building, valued at $1,000; epis-\\ncopal church edifice, valued at $1,500; grain ware-houses, etc. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $110,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.J\\nNumber of organized townships, thirteen; s-hool population, 1,010;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, sixty-five; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1880, three; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $35.60; fa-\\nmales, $37.30; value of all school property, $39,517.00; expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1880, 824,451.23; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, 84,524.18; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1880, $72,359.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$1,769.72.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules aud\\nAs^es.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1\\n1880\\n860\\n2,355\\n2,922\\n3,343\\n61\\n108\\n124\\n134\\n2,685\\n5,833\\n7,378\\n8 795\\n199\\n2 711\\n3,275\\n3,724\\n813\\n2,808\\n2 523\\n1,933\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n173,628\\n381.452\\n406,665\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots !PersoimlProp-; T ia 8 5 sse d f\\nvaluation, [erty valuation. cJmuy\\n178,116\\n202,098\\n216,745\\n57,169\\n340,511\\n1,032,709\\n1,228.373\\n96,510\\n278,744\\n290,082\\n128,816\\n198,854\\n403,680\\n405,479\\n186,015\\n809,503\\n2,099 585\\n2 330.599\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n60,467\\n83 216\\n94,546\\n1,808\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\n10,482\\nnone\\n245.292\\n28,360\\n234,093\\n1770\\n326\\n46,194\\n549 848\\n317,808\\n758,406\\n4,000\\n72\\n59,825\\n179,399\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, 2,657; 1885, 5,432. Lands improved, 1880,\\n17,500 acres; 1885,79,520 acres. Number of farms, 18S0, 489; 1885, 1,025.\\nAverage size, of farms, 1880, thirty-six acies; 1885, seventy-eight acres.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "404 RESOUECES OF DAKOTA.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre. 1887, $5.67. Countv indebtedness,\\n1887, $31,436. Potato crop, 1885, 26.734 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 21,968\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 6,050 gallons; but-\\nter, 189,029 pounds; cheese, 5,485 pounds; eggs, 10,652 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFlCE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 18S7.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nA. H. Palmer\\nWm. Tobin\\nWin. Lee\\nH. O. Curtis\\nN II Downs.\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nRegister oi Deeds\\nV. R. Wadden\\nWm. McGrath\\nMadison\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nK. H. Evenson\\nJohn Greyer\\nE. L. Clark\\nDavid Theophilus\\nJohn Fleming\\nH. P. Smith\\nJ. B. Sommars\\nMadison\\nCoroner\\nMadison,\\nAssessor\\nMadison\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN\\nCOUNTY,\\nL887.\\nBad us\\nBattle Creek\\nFranklin\\nTowles\\nMadison\\nOrland\\nWinfred\\nEgge\\nLA MOURE COUNTY.\\nArea, 737,280 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from parts of Buffalo and\\nPembina. Boundaries changed, February 2,4, 1881, part to Dickey;\\nchanged again, March 9, 1883. Organized January 20. 1881, by the ap-\\npointment, bv the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: John\\nR.Crum. Homer T. Elliott, Chas H. Porter.\\nLa Moure is a county of the upper James river valley, south\\nof the 9th standard parallel. Principal stream, the -lames river,\\nwhich flows through the countyin a general southeasterly direction, with\\na very tortuous course. Bone Hill and Cottonwood creeks, and the Maple\\nriver, thorougly drain the western end of the county. Bear creek waters\\nthe eastern tier of townships. A great number of lakes and ponds, and\\nnumerous springs are distributed about the county. Scattering bodies of\\ntimber are found along the banks of the James. This river, at Grand\\nRapids, furnishes a good water-power. Surface, in the west, rough and\\nhilly elevations of the Coteau region, sloping toward the James river in a\\nvast, undulating prairie; of the country adjacent to the -lames river, a fine,\\nlevel, valley, varying from three-fourths of a mile to three miles in width,\\nand bordered by a double line ot bluffs, which rise to a height of from\\nfifty to seventy-five feet above the plain. Soil, generally, the deep, rich,\\nblack loam, of this noted valley. Sub-soil, clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway. (James River Val-\\nley branch,) 29. Smiles; stations: Adrian, Dickey. Grand Rapids, La Moure,\\nValley Junction; (Fargo Southwestern branch,) 33.8 miles; stations:\\nVerona, Valley Junction. La Moure, Medbery. Edgeley. Total, 03. L miles.\\nChicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway, (Janus River Vallev line,) six\\nmiles; station: Edgeley. Total miles ot railroad in county, GO. 1.\\nVacant public lands, 40,800 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nEdgeley, at Edgeley, E. A. Mear.s, president; G. W. Brown, cashier.\\nFarmers Bank, at Grand Rapids. Bank of La Moure, at La Moure.\\nLloyds, bankers, at La Moure.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n405\\nGrand Rapids; Pro-\\nLa Moure; Edgeley\\nIt has a population\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nJournal Joe M. Chappie, editor and proprietor\\neress and Chronicle, Potter Potter, publishers,\\nMail, Rowe Gordon, publishers, Edgeley.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLa Moure, on the James river, is the county seat.\\nof 650; school-building, valued at $3,(\u00c2\u00bb00; presbyterian church ediface, val-\\nued at $3,000; city hall, valued at $4,5()0; tiour-mi 1, valued at $10 000. As-\\nsessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $150,770; personal, $54,39o, total,\\n$205,165.\\nOTHEE IMPORTANT TOWN S.\\nDickev northwest of La Moure; school-building, grain- ware houses, etc\\nEdgeley^ west of La Moure; population, 150; new and growing town with\\nflour ml ll/churches, and schoolsin prospect. Irand Rapids on the James\\nriver between La Moure and Dickey; population, 800; school-build mg\\nvalued at k, 000; church edifices, valued at $2,500. Assessed valuation\\ntown property, 1886, real and personal, %/o,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fourteen; school population 39/ num-\\nber of school-hmtses in district, eighteen; number of school- ho uses mlt\\nin 1886, two; average monthly pay of teachers, males, ^oO.bo iemales,\\n*oi UlnP of all school oronerty, $22,768.60; expendeu lor school pur-\\nfc-ses during the yearenSgJuie 30, 1886 $10,739.03; cash remaining\\nFn sch ooUrefsury, June 30, 1886, $8,204.10; par amount ot school bonds\\noutstanding, .We 30, 1880, $12 839; average .rate of interest P^n bonds,\\nnine per Sent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June L88b.\\n11,880-.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n3886\\n1887\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\n785\\n1,124\\n1.404\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\n207\\n242\\n235\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1,120\\n1.807\\n2,298\\n115\\n113\\n144\\n680\\n765\\n353\\n61,950\\n93.160\\n115.625\\nV A LU ATI ON STATISTICS\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n354,160\\n382.325\\n482 290\\nValuation.\\n$1,175,220\\n1,339,985\\n1,491,576\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation\\n146.733\\n165.326\\n188.533\\nTotal assessed\\nPersonal Prop-, valuation of\\nerty valuation. C0Qntv\\n64.999\\n92,914\\n141.507\\n1 18.902\\n1,691.385\\n1,910.241\\nTable showim\\n1885, and 1887.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nproduct of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\n_. none M76 559,000\\nWheat 2706\\nnone 207,412 368\\ng**? none lbO\\nBucl-vncat. \u00c2\u00abJJ t\\nJ?^ V nra\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. _\\nPopulation of count v. 1880, twenty; 1885, 2,072. Lands improved, 1885,\\n45,359 acres. Number of farms, 1885 772. Average size_of ^farms 1880\\nfifty-nine acres. Average assessed valuation per acre 1887, 3.45 ^ountj\\nindebtedness, 1887, $9,931. Potato crop, 188o, 18,516 bus lie Is. Wo ol clip\\n1885, 145 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 188D: butter, _i,J\u00c2\u00abo\\npounds cheese 1 40 poun d s eggs 8 845 d o z en.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "406 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk L. C. Harris LaMoure\\nTreasurer W. E. Brewer LaMoure\\nSheriff C. W. Oakley Edgeley\\nClerk District Court E. M. Whitman LaMoure\\nProbate Judge J. W. Johnston LaMoure\\nRegister of Deeds L. C. Harris LaMoure\\nAttorney J. M. Bartholomew LaMoure\\nSuperintendent of Schools J. M. i \u00c2\u00bbeviue LaMouie\\nSurveyor E. O. Ellison LaMoure\\nCoroner Dr W. T. Good LaMoure\\nAssessor G. Buetow LaMoure\\nf J F Ellis LaMoure\\nS. F. Campbell Edgeley\\nCommissioners Geo. Newell Dickey\\nA. E. Ranev Adrian\\nL J. O. Lyon. Ft. Ransom.\\nLIST OF FOSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAdrian Griswold Medbery\\nDickey Lake view Russell\\nEdgeley Litchville Verona\\nGrand Rapids La Moure\\nLAWRENCE COUNTY.\\nArea, 1,280,000 a ;rcs. Created, January 1 1, 1875, from original territory\\nBoundaries changed February 10, 1877; changed again, February 19, 1881\\nchanged again, March 5. 1881; changed again m 1883. part to Butte, and\\nchanged again, March 10, 1887. Organized, March 5. 1877, by the appoint-\\nment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Fred T.\\nEvans, John Wolzmuth, and A. W. Lavender.\\nLawrence is a county of the Black Hills, in the southwestern part of Da-\\nko a, and the fourth county north of the Nebraska boundary. Principal\\nstreams, are the Belle Fourchc, or the north fork of the Cheyenne, and\\nthe Cheyenne rivers, on the northern and eastern boundaries of the\\ncounty. The other smaller streams of Lawrence county, are Redwater,\\nSpearfish, Whitewood, Bear Butte, Warrens, Inyankara, and Elk\\ncreeks. Surface, about one-third of the county lying in the south-\\nwest part, hilly and mountainous, and mostly covered with a\\ngood growth of pine timber; the remaining two-thirds, stretching\\nfrom the foot hills, to the two branches of the Cheyenne river, con-\\nstitutes a portion of the broad spreading plains which sweep around\\nthe hills on the north, south, and east. The average height of the\\nhilly region of the county, may be estimated at 6.000 feet above sea level,\\nwhile the open country varies from 2,000 to 3,500 feet, the lowest points\\nbeingalong the Cheyenne river. The hilly portion, especially within a rad-\\nius of half a dozen miles around Deadwood, is exceedingly rough and\\nbroken, and the hills descend very abruptly toward the plains on the\\nnorth and east, the streams having a descent of from 150 to 200 feet per\\nmile until they reach the, open plains. Toward the southern part of the\\ncounty there is a more level region, around the headwaters of the streams.\\nThe valleys of the Spearfish, Redwater, and other streams, and Pleasant\\nvalley, and the Centennial prairie are fertile, agricultural regions, occu-\\npied by farmers and ranchers. Gold, silver, tin, copper, iron, mica, salt,\\ngypsum, asbestos, and many other valuable deposits are mined and\\nworked in Lawrence county, and other sections of the Black Hills. Some\\nof the best paying mines in the United States are situated in this county.\\nFor a more extended description of the Black Hills\u00e2\u0080\u0094 see a descriptive ar-\\nticle elsewhere in this book.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern, railway, (Fre-\\nmont, Elkhorn Missouri Vallev line,) twenty-two miles; stations:\\nBlack Hawk, Postville, Sturgis, Whitewood. Black Hills Ft: Pierre", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 407\\nrailroad, (narrow guage,) fifteen miles; stations: Lead City, Central City,\\nBroughton, Woodville, Brownsville. Total miles of railroad in count}\\nthirty- seven.\\nVacant public lands, 765,471 acres. 460,000 acres unsurveyed.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are ten banks doing business in the county, as follows: Iron\\nHill Bank, at Carbonate, D. A. McPherson, president Will Ickes, cashier.\\nBank of Central City, at Central City. Central City Bank, at Central City,\\nWm. R. Stebbins, president; Fred M. Clary, cashier. Dead-wood National\\nBank, at Deadwood, Geo. C. Hickok, president; J. L. Maxwell, Jr., cash-\\nier. First National Bank, at Deadwood, O. J. Salisbury, president; D. A.\\nMcPherson, cashier. Merchants National Bank, at Deadwood, W. It.\\nStebbins, president; Wm. Selbie, cashier. Bank of Galena, at Galena,\\nWm. E. Adams, president; Geo. C. Hickok, cashier. Lead City Bank, at\\nLead City, D. A. McPherson, president; Alex. Ross, cashier. Bank of\\nSpearfish, at Spearfish, L. W. Valentine, president; J. F. Summers, cash-\\nier. First National Bank, at Sturgis City, D. A. McPherson, president;\\nJ. J. Davenport, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nBlack Hills Pioneer, R. D. Kelly, managing editor, Deadwood; Daily\\nBlack Hills Times, Porter Warner, proprietor, Deadwood; Black Hills\\nHerald, W. S. Elder, proprietor, Deadwood; Daily Tribune, T. D. Ed-\\nwards, publisher, Lead City; Register, Henry Grant, editors and pub-\\nlishers, Spearfish; Record. C. C. Moody, editor and publisher, Sturgis;\\nAdvertiser, I. R. Crow, editor, sturgis; Black Hills Teacher, Fayette L.\\nCook, editor, Spearfish; Sentinel, Whitewood.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nDeadwood, in the west, is the county seat. It has a population of 4,500;\\ntwo school-buildings, valued at $20,000; methodist, catholic, episcopal, and\\ncongregational church edifices, valued at $21,000; court-house and jail,\\ncity hall, fire department houses, together, valued at $50,000; water-works\\nsystem, valued at $50,000; electric light plant, valued at $10,000; two bot-\\ntling works, brewery, foundry, flour-mill, and other manufactories, valued\\nat $50,000; opera house; telephone system. Assessed valuation city prop-\\nerty, 1886, real and personal, $1,074,870.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBear Gulch; southwest of Deadwood; population, 200; school-building,\\nvalued at $500; church edifice, valued at $1,200; tin mines; quartz-mill;\\nfour steam hoists; tin smelter; concentrator; two saw-mills; etc. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1880, real and personal, $575, 000. Carbonate,\\nnorthwest of Deadwood; population, 35 school-building, valued at $1,000;\\nsixty-ton smelter; concentrator; thirteen steam hoisting works; mines;\\nmills, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$167,000. Central City, west of Deadwood; population, 800; school-build-\\ning; three church edifices; public buildings; water- works; extensive min-\\ning, milling, and ore reducing works. Crook City, northeast of Dead-\\nwood; population, 150; school-building, valued at $1,500; church-building,\\nvalued at 1 ,000. Galena, west of the center; school-building, valued at\\n$500; catholic and congregational church edifices, valued at $2,000; two smel-\\nters, valued at $40,000; silver-mill, valued at $50,000; two gold-mills, valued\\nat $30,000; numerous mining plants. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $162,000. Lead City, in the west; population, 2,500;\\nschool-building, valued at $4,000; church edifices, valued at $7,000; public\\nbuildings, valued at $2,500; telephone; Homestake gold mine, one of the\\nlargest plants of the kind in the United states, employing about 1,500\\nmen. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal, $1,300,000.\\nSpearfish, in the northwest; population, 800; school-buildings, valued at\\n$5,000; congregational church edifice, valued at $5,200; waterworks system,\\nvalued at $20,000; electric light plant contracted for; flour-mill, valued at\\n$25,000; sash, door and blind factory, valued at $10,-00; plaster of Paris\\nworks, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal.\\n$260,000. The Territorial normal school is located at Spearfish. For a\\ndescription of the institution, see page 208, this publication. Sturgis,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "408\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\neast of Dead wood; population, 1,200; school-buildings, valued at 82,000;\\npresbyterjan, methodist, and catholic church edifices, valued at $9,000;\\nlumber mills; planing mills; stone quarries; brick yards, etc Assessed\\nvaluation city property, 1886, real and personal, $230,000i Terraville,\\nwest of Dead wood; school-building, valued at $1,000; three quartz- mills,\\nvalued at $150,000; and numerous other mining plants.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1880.)\\nNumber of organized districts, thirty-five; school population, 2,280;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, forty-three; number of school- houses\\nbuilt in 1886, ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $78.76; females,\\n$54.15; value of all school property, $70,850.00.; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $56,085.02; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $27,510.00; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 80, 1886, $39,640.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, eight percent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $100.00.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,152\\n3,425\\n5,083\\n6,114\\n292\\n299\\n351\\n430\\n4.439\\n11.645\\n19,073\\n16,034\\n1.306\\n13,860\\n16 960\\n9,803\\n717\\n896\\n759\\n616\\n447,324\\n627,367\\n587,710\\nV ALU ATIOX STATISTICS.\\nTear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\nlss5\\n1886\\n1887\\n78.490\\n119.297\\n141 996\\n738 969\\n289,365\\n495.467\\n733 535\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n2,444.679\\n953.226\\n1,510,020\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\n$1,454,300\\n092,520\\n2.609 934\\n1.348 722\\nTot Hi\\nvaluation\\ncounty.\\n2.193,269\\n3,873,894\\n4,685,994\\n4,179,987\\n18S0, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nof\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCom\\nOats\\nRye\\nBucfc wheat.\\nBarlev\\nFlax.;\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\n18,000\\n12,848\\n120,968\\n387\\n442\\n9.811\\nnone\\n37,975\\n27,381\\n145,694\\n984\\n80\\n9,405\\n216.000\\n237 500\\n922.500\\n16,100\\n5 000\\n201.250\\n37^\\nMISCELLANEOUS\\nSTATISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, 13,248; 1885, 10.320. Lands improved. 1880,\\n20.549 acres; 1885, 94,850 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 518; 1885, 732.\\nAverage size of farms. 1880. fortv acres; 1885, 130 acres. Average assessed\\nvaluation per acre, 1887, $5.16. Potato crop. 1885, 85 040 bushels. Wool\\nclip. 1885, 157,517 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk;\\n50,600 gallons; butter, 126,429 pounds; cheese, 8,600 pounds; eggs, 113 500\\ndozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 409\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. 0. Address.\\nCounty Clerk John Baker Deadvvood...\\nTreasurer J. Shur ts Deadvvood...\\nSheriff A. J. Knight Deadvvood\\nclerk District Court W. H. Janes...: Deadvvood...\\nProbate Judge L. Gordon Deadwood.\\nRegister of Deeds John Faker Deadwood\\nAttorney W. L. McLaughlin Deadvvood\\nSuperintendent ol Schools W. W. Giddings Deadvvood...\\nSurveyor Geo. S. Hopkins Deadvvood...\\nCoroner W. H. Wright Crook ity...\\nAssessor T. J. Sparks L -ad City....\\nD. A. McPherson Deadwood...\\nCommissioners F M. Allen Sturgis\\nS. B. Crist Central City.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBear Gulch\\nCrook City\\nDeadwood\\nPostville\\nBend\\nSaint Onge\\nSmithville\\nSpearfish\\nBig Bottom\\nBlack Hawk\\nFort Meade\\nGalena\\nGrashull\\nLaflm\\nLead City\\nPerry\\nCarbonate\\nTerraville\\nCentral City\\nVolunteer\\nLINCOLN COUNTY.\\nArea, 350,000 acres. Created April 5, 1862. Boundaries changed,\\nDecember 30, 1867; changed again, January 13, 1871. part to Turner. Or-\\nganized, December 30, 1867; Augustus J. Linderman, H. K Hyde, and\\nBenj. Hill, appointed commissioners, and Canton designated as the\\ncounty seat, by act of Legislature.\\nLincoln, a county of southeastern Dakota, is bounded on the east by the\\nIowa state line, and the second county north of the Nebraska boundary.\\nPrincipal stream, is the Big Sioux river, which washes its entire eastern\\nboundary, flowing through a tortuous course. This stream furnishes good\\nwater-power at several points within the county. The Beaver, and two\\nor three smaller streams, drain the central and northern portion, into the\\nBig Sioux river. Saddle creek is a tributary of the Vermillion, from\\nthe east, through the second tier of townships. A few small lakes\\nand ponds are distributed over the county, one of which, Silver lake, in\\nthe south, is a beautiful sheet of water, covering about 200 acres. Groves\\nof native timber, such as box-elder, willow, and a few other varieties,\\ngrow 7 along the ravines which cut through the bluffs, and on the margin of\\nthe river. Surface, generally, undulating or high-rolling prairie. A bold\\nline of bluffs borders the Big Sioux river through the county, sometimes\\nnear the river, and at others leaving a considerable width of bottomlands.\\nThe valley of the Sioux is an extremely fertile one. Soil, a deep, sandy\\nloam, with a compact, clay sub-soil\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not hard-pan.\\nMiles oi railroad in county: Chicago. Milwaukee St. Paul railway, (main\\nline.) twenty-one miles; stations: Lennox, Worthing, Canton; (Sioux City\\nEgan branch,) twenty-six miles; stations: Harrisburgh, Canton, Fair-\\nview, Eden. Total,- forty-seven miles. Chicago Northwestern railway,\\n(Hawarden line,) eight miles. Burlington. Cedar Rapids Northern rail-\\nway, (mainline,) six miles; station: Springdaie. Total miles of railroad\\nin county, sixty-one.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANK S.\\nThere are six banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nCanton at Canton, C. B. Kennedy, president; J. I). Cloud, cashier. Da-\\nkota Loan and Trust Co., at Canton, J. S. Myres, president; C. E. Judd,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Canton, F. A. Gale, president; J. H.\\nGale, cashier, Lincoln County Bank, at Canton, A. K. Brown, cashier.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "410\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nBank of Eden, at Eden,\\ndent.\\nExchange Bank, at Lennox, B. C. Jacobs, presi-\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Advocate, Carter Bros., editors and publishers, Canton; The Sioux\\nValley News, George W. Nash, editor. Canton; Echo, E. G. Worden, edi-\\ntor and publisher, Eden; The Independent, P. F. Haas, editor, Lennox.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCanton, on the Big Sioux river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 2,000; school-building, valued at $15,000; Augustan college, with build-\\nings, valued at $15,000, (see page 222, this publication;) court-house, val-\\nued at $3,500; episcopal, methodist, presbyterian, congregational, and\\ntwolutheran church edifices, valued at $9,000; creamery, valued at $3,000;\\nflax-mill, valued at $2,000; flour-mill, valued at $2,500; artesian well and\\nelectric light plant projected. Assessed valuation city property, 188G,\\nreal, $450,000; personal, $200,000; total, $650,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nEden, in the southeast; population, 400; school-building, valued at $500;\\nchurch edifices, grain elevators, etc. Lennox, in the west; population,\\n400; school-building, valued at $3,000; methodist, catholic, and lutheran\\nchurch edifices, valued at $6,000; city hall, valued at $1,200; creamery,\\nvalued at $2,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and per-\\nsonal, $50,000. Worthing, between Canton and Lennox; population,\\nseventy-five; school-building, valued at $800; catholic church edifice, val-\\nued at $2,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, seventy-seven; school population, 2,547;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, seventy-five; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, three; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $32.42;\\nfemales, $28.47; value of all school property, $58,763.35; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $30,277.47; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $6,066.60; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $28,827.68; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, nine per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $5,598.36.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nM d Cattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n3,165\\n3,794\\n4,231\\n4,687\\n110 9,058\\n111 11,694\\n122 14,391\\n118 16,765\\n1,039\\n5,249\\n4,613\\n4,145\\n8,681\\n10,395\\n10,733\\n9 249\\n1\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nS 190,792\\n209.070\\n408 7o0\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nYaluation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Pron Tutal assessed\\nie P rt7vafna P tiorLl f\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n298,820\\n311,421\\n305,438\\nJ 641.207\\n894.824\\n1.157,498\\n1,970,290\\n120 388\\n154,391\\n239.301\\n9 258,080\\n118.262\\n117,594\\n215.725\\n899.287\\n1,324,266\\n1,638,5.53\\n2.S34.016\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1S87.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat 24,547\\nCoin 368,241\\nOats I 155.112\\nRye 3,743\\nBuckwheat 244\\nBarley 13,397\\nFlax i none\\n84,962\\n561,583\\n513.561\\n10,871\\n1,489\\n45,271\\n259,875\\n996,629\\n698,250\\n19,826\\n1,750\\n58.850\\n166.188", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 411\\nMISCELL WKOCS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 712; 1880, 5,896; 1885, 7,598. Lands im-\\nproved, 1880, 76,146 acres; 1885, 93,536 acres. Average size of farms, L880,\\nfifty acres; L885, eighty -five acres. Average assessed valuation per acre,\\n1887, $6 45. No county indebtedness. Potato crop, 1885, 85,640 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 22,705 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nmilk, 213,037 gallons; butter, 370,490 pounds; cheese, 3,026 pounds; eggs,\\n141,072 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTO FFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nAuditor H. N Cooper Canton..\\nTien surer Ecl^ar Dean Canton..\\nSheriff H. B. Wright Canton.\\nClerk District Court J. W. Carter Canton..\\nProbate Judge p. H. Hawn Canton..\\nRegister of Deeds [N. M. Jacobin canton..\\nAttorney A. R. Brown Canton..\\nSuperintendent of Schools C. B. Isham canton..\\nSurveyor A, C. Huetson Canton..\\noroner A. G. Noid Canton..\\nFred Gerber Worthin\\nCommissioners Ole Hokenstad On n ton.,\\nJ. A. Fowles Eden\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAntioeh Ha ram Nurey\\nBrooklyn Lennox Saddle Cree\\nCanton Linden Selina\\nEden Long Creek Springdale.\\nFairvievv Maple Grove I Worthing...\\nLOGAN COUNTY.\\nArea, 645,120 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, March 9, 1883, part to Mcintosh. Organized, April\\n17, 1884, by the appointment, y the Governor, of the following commis-\\nsioners, viz.: Geo. Lightfoot, J. A. Wise, Edniond R. Weed.\\nLogan county is situated in central Dakota, in the second tier of coun-\\nties north of the 46th degree of latitude, and the second east of the Mis-\\nsouri river. It has no large streams within its borders. Beaver creek j\\nand several tributaries of the Missouri, take their rise in, and cross, the\\nwestern townships. A great number of lakes and ponds are scattered\\nover the surface oi the county, the largest of which are Beaver and lilue\\nlakes, and Lake Emily. The Alkali Flats, a sheet of water just west of\\nNapoleon, covers au area of several square miles. Surface, moderately\\nundulating, except where thrown up into, and broken by the Coteau\\nformations, which, in the south part of the county, begin to retire into\\nthe general level of the prairie. Soil, of the agricultural hinds of the\\ncounty, occupying a large proportion of its surface, is, in general, the\\nsame as in other sections of the Missouri plateau.\\nVacant public lands, 202,240 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHomestead, G. A. Bryant, publisher, Napoleon.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nNapoleon, northwest of the center, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of fifty; school-building, valued at $1,5()Q; church organizations, etc.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Houses.\\nM Ass S es and Caltle Shee P- Swine\\nYal nation.\\n1886 43\\n1887 46\\ni 28 G 12 4.3. r 5\\n4 .77 8 12 6.218", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "41:\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYea _ Acres Real Valriation Town Lots Personal Prop- T0t a 1 llia a se u sse o d f\\nlear Estate. Valuation. valuation, erty valuation. comftv!\\n1886 25,794 j 117 594 5.128 $4,220 $131,297\\n1887 300.829 j_ _ 851,012 19,927 Jvl37 882,674\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for rears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat none none 6,776\\nOats none none 10,140\\nBuckwheat none none 32\\nBarley none none 360\\nFlax j none none 110\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 336. Lands improved, 1885,\\n4,172 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 155. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntwentv-nine acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.82.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $7,297.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS, IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Julius H. Hoof Napoleon.\\nTreasurer Chas. J. Hoof Napoleon.\\nSheriff John G. Kroeber .Napoleon.\\nPro hate Judge Israel Freeze Napoleon.\\nRegister of Deeds Julius H. Hoof. x^apoleon.\\nSuperintendent of Schools John Orner Napoleon.\\nCoroner John B. Spangler Napoleon.\\nAssessor Kmmett J. Crouch Napoleon.\\nf Wm, H. Spangler, (chairman)\\nCommissioners lEd. R. Weed\\nI John M. White I\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nNapoleon.\\nLUGENBEEL COUNTY\\nCreated, January 11, 1875, from original territory.\\nLugenbeel county is situated entirely within the boundaries of the Great\\nSioux Indian reservation.\\nLYMAN COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory.\\nLyman county is situated on the west bank of the Missouri river, in\\nsouthern Dakota, and entirely w ithin the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation.\\nMARSHALL COUNTY.\\nArea, 552,96 acres. Created March 10, 1885, (formerly part of Lay.)\\nOrganized, at a special election held, July 23, 1885, by which Ole Ruswick,\\nRalph Hay, and Henry M. Gerberick were elected commissioners.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n413\\nMarshall is a county of eastern Dakota, south of the 7th standard paral-\\nlel, and in the second tier west of the Minnesota state line. The Minne-\\nsota and Wild Rice rivers have their sources in this county. Numerous\\nlakes and ponds furnish water throughout its area. Native timber, such\\nas box-elder, ash. burr-oak, elm, iron-wood, quaking-ash, bass-wood,\\nmaple, willow, and cottonwood, is found in scattering groves. Surface:\\nthe western half of the county lies in the James river valley, and is com-\\nparatively level, while the eastern half lies on a plateau, and includes a\\npart of the Coteau formation. These hills, though stony and broken in\\nlocalities, contain some excellent farming land and meadows, and numerous\\ncoulees, with timber and running springs of water. Soil, generally, a dark,\\ncalcareous loam, with an admixture of c ay and mineral salts. Sub-soil,\\nheavy clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Andover line,) twenty-rive miles; stations: Langford, Britton, Newark. St.\\nPaul, Minneapolis A: Manitoba railway. (Aberdeen-Ratland line,) eighteen\\nmiles; stations: Kidder, Burch, Amherst. Total miles of railroad in\\ncounty, forty- three.\\nVacant public lands, 16,680 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nBritton, at Britton. Marshall County Bank, at Britton, C J. Harlow,\\npresident; George H. Craig, cashier. Job, Yoak Co., at Britton, J. J.\\nAplin, cashier. Bank of Langford, at Langford, E. C. Bo wen, president;\\nL. R. Knight, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nBugle, R. G. Bestor, publisher, Langford; Times, W. W. Wilson, New-\\nark; Dakota Daylight, J. W. Bankbury, publisher, Britton.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nBritton, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 400;\\nschool-building, valued at $2,000; church edifices, etc. Assessed valua-\\ntion town property, 1886, real, $20,000; persona L, $16,500; total, $42,500.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nLangford, in the south; population. 150; school-building, valued at $800.\\nAssessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $27,500. New-\\nark, in the north; population, 200; school-building, valued at $2,500; church\\nedifices; public building, valued at $1,000; flour-mill, valued at $8,500.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, thirteen; school population, 596; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, thirty-three; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, sixteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $31.69;\\nfemales, $27.58; value of all school property, $25,154.18; expended forschool\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $15,713.04; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $1,256.40; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $22,658; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$1,278.51.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. M s and\\nCattle. Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1886 1.364 110\\n1887 1 2,183 171\\n1,917 125 729 133.529\\n2,779 137 853 141,407\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY Acres Real valuation l Town Lots .Personal Prop-\\nYear Estate. j valuation. valuation, erty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1886\\n1887\\n117,515\\n125,088\\nS 310,000 67,000 101,978 612,507\\n370,807 109,473 171,107 792,794", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "414\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat none 139,806 546,000\\nCorn I none 25.981 86,321\\nOats j noue 115;071 390,875\\nRye i none 410 1,260\\nBi ckwheat j none 371 700\\nBarlev none 2,343 84,000\\nFlax j none 65,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885,2,187. Lands improved, 1885,\\n38,265 acres. Number of farms, 1885, (568. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nfifty-seven acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.96\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $6,370. Potato crop, 1885,17,895 bushels. Wool\\nclip, 1885, ninety-live pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: but-\\nter, 30,074 pounds; cheese, 300pouncls; eggs, 6,161 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor J. H. McCoy Britton....\\nTreasurer D. Gr enhalgh Britton....\\nSheriff W. L. Hinkley Britton....\\nClerk District Court H. C. Hamilton Britton:...\\nProbate Judge Geo. L. Baker |Britton....\\nRegister of Deeds E. A. Cooper Britton....\\nAttorney T. B. McDonough Britton....,\\nSuperintendent of Schools Wm. Cook Britton,...\\nSurveyor Saml. Denton Britton....\\nCoroner Dr. Young Britton....\\nAssessor Albert Wismer Britton....\\nJohn Hnvern Newark...\\nCommmissioners IT. M. Oerbrio.k Langford\\nA. Wooddard Britton\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nBritton\\nBureh i\\nFort SissetO-n\\nKidder\\nLangford\\nNewark\\n1\\nStena\\nMARTIN COUNTY.\\nCreated March 5, 1881. Boundaries changed, March 9, 1883.\\nMartin is a county just south of the 46th degree of latitude, and entirely\\nwithin the boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article\\non this reservation in another part of this publication.\\nMcCOOK COUNTY.\\nArea, 368,640 acre*. Created, January 8, 1873, from parts of Hanson and\\nJayne. Boundaries changed, Fe biliary 22, 1879. Organized, May 16, 1878,\\nby appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nDavid Manary, Wm. H. Wells, Isaac Manary.\\nMcCook is a county of southeastern Dakota, situated in the second tier\\nof counties west of the Minnesota state line, and the third north of the\\nNebraska boundary. Principal streams are the east and west forks of the\\nVermillion river, which flows through the senter and east, and the Black\\nEarth creek, which drains the western tier of townships. A few small lakes", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n415\\nare found in the western half of the county. Surface, comparatively level,\\nwith slight undulations. Soil, a black loam, uniformly distributed over\\nthe uplands, and made up of vegetable deposits, from two to three feet\\nin depth.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) twelve miles; station: Bridge water. Chicago Northwestern\\nrailway, (Hawar den line,) twenty-seven miles; stations: Salem, Canistota.\\nChicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis Omaha railway, (main line,) twenty-four\\nmiles; stations: Montrose, Salem, Spencer. Total miles of railroad in\\ncounty, sixty -three.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: C. S.\\nCarr Co., at Bridgewater. Montrose Bank, at Montrose, J. T. Hamil-\\nton, president; G. H. Farley, cashier. Citizens Bank, at Salem, W. M.\\nShepard, president. Salem Bank, at Salem, J. H. Brown, president; Pick-\\nering Brown, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDakota Journal, T. J. Ryan, editor and publisher, Bridgewater; The\\nTimes, A. F. Terrill, editor and publisher, Bridgewater; Herald, O. E.\\nBowman, editor, Montrose; Pioneer Register, George Nugent, editor,\\nSalem; Special, J. E. Patten, editor, Salem.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSalem, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 800;\\nschool-building, valued at $2, 000; catholic, methodist,and reformed church\\nedifices, valued at $7,000; court-house; city jail; fire department; opera-\\nhouse, valued at $10,000; water-works (Holley) system; flour-mill, valued\\nat |6,000; county fair grounds. Assessed valuation citv property, 1886,\\nreal, $88,700; personal, $4L,870; total, $130,570.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBridgewater, in the southwest; population, 600; school-building; three\\nchurch edifices grain elevators, etc. Montrose, in the east; population,\\n350; school- building, vahied at $700; presbvterian, baptist, methodist, and\\ncatholic church edifices, valued at $3,000; flour-mill, valued at $8,000.\\nSpencer, in the west; population, 250; school-building; baptist church\\nedifice, valued at $1,200. A line quality of granite is quarried in the\\nvicinity of Spencer.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, eighteen; school population, 1,512;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, sixty-nine; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, two; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $32.17; females,\\n$27.65; value of all school property, $43,55/ expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $30,338.28; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $3,113.50; paramount of school bonds outstand-\\ning June 30, 1886, $45,715; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight\\nper cent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $6,172.55.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses. Ml e lld Cattle. Sheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n471 30 1,107 22 256\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2,213 122 5,676 1 964\\n2,752 134 6,901 739\\n3,257 146 8,265 j 920\\n3,108\\n3,464\\n4.178\\n1 125,172\\n299,287\\n1 231,590\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots 1 Personal Prop-\\nvaluation. Jerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n9 28,650\\n467,217\\n743,808\\n752,050\\n8 33,898\\n114,235\\n271.891\\n224,595\\n62,548\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n152,223\\n174,621\\n206,990\\n77,464\\n203,845\\n153,170\\n784,088\\n1,518.831\\n1,361,405\\n1880\\npersonal prope\\nrty includes liv\\ne stocu.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "416 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n18S0 1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\n11,013\\n217,122\\n600,000\\nCorn\\n10 862\\n175.917\\n987,500\\nOats\\n9,160\\n289,994\\n406 250\\nRye\\n221\\n2,258\\n4,250\\nBuckwheat\\nnone\\n1,441\\n1.500\\nBarley\\n1,543\\n24,550\\n63,000\\nFlax\\ni none\\n141,246\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 1,283; 1885, 5,641. Lands improved, 1880,\\n7,746 acres; 1885, 88,177 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 239; 1885, 998.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, thirty-two acres; 1885, eighty-nine acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.53. Potato crop, 1885, 57,156\\nbushels. Wool clip, 1885, 6,363 pounds. Dairy and other farm products,\\n1885: milk, 36,678 gallons; butter, 203,993 pounds; cheese, 1,125 pounds;\\neggs, 107,358 dozen!\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk I. J. Todd\\nTreasurer J. H. Shanard\\nSheriff. iMathew White\\nClerk District Court R. B. Crandail\\nPalem\\nSalem\\nSalem\\nSalem\\nProbate Judge |J. T. McKee\\nRegister of Deeds I. J. Todd\\nBridgewater\\nAttorney E. H. Wilsou\\nSuperintendent of Schools M. A. Lange\\nSurveyor I. M. Stanton\\nSalem\\nSalem\\nSalem\\nAssessor Joshua Watson\\n[Wm. Blankortz\\nCommissioners |T. F. Deifendorf.\\n|J. Stalting\\nCanistota\\nSalem\\nMontrose\\nCanistota\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBridge watar Montrose Spencer.\\ncanistota Ramsey j\\nDover Salem\\nMcHENEY COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 13, 1885, part of Stevens; changed again, March 11, 1887. Or-\\nganized, April 15, 1884, by the appointment, by the Governor of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: Aaron Pace, John Kingman, andE. Hackett.\\nMcHenry is a count} 7 of northern Dakota, situated north of the 48th de-\\ngree of latitude, and midway between the eastern and western boundaries\\nof the Territory. Principal stream, the Souris, or Mouse river, which\\nenters the county at the southwestern corner, and flows north in a semi-\\ncircular course through thirteen or more townships. The Wintering, Cub\\nBank, and other important tributaries of the Mouse together with num-\\nerous lakes and ponds supply an excellent quality of water throughout\\nthe county. Native timber, consisting of oak, ash, aspen, box-elder, and\\nother varieties, line the bai ks of the Mouse, and cover the sand hills of\\nthis region. Surface, river valley, gently sloping hills, and rolling prairie.\\nBelow Villard, the Mouse river valley is wide, and not often well denned.\\nAbove that point the encompassing hills are much higher, and the", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES Of DAKOTA.\\n417\\nstream flows from 150 to 200 feet below the general surface of the county.\\nPerhaps one-twentieth of the surface is covered with so called sand hills,\\nwhich are clothed with grass and timber affording excellent forage and\\nshelter for stock. Soil, a rich, productive loam, covered with most nutri-\\ntious of natural grasses, a paradise for farmers and stockmen. Lignite\\ncoal is found in McHenry county.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railroad,\\nthirty six miles; stations: Berwick, Towner, Denbeigh, Granville, Norwich.\\nVacant public lands, 481,098 acres; Bismarck land district, 204,000 acres;\\nDevils Lake district, 277,098 acres.\\nNEWSPAPEES.\\nMouse River Advocate, Frank W. Spear, editor and publisher, Towner;\\nLeader, R. H. Copland, editor and publisher, Villard; News and Stock-\\nman, Robert McComb, editor and proprietor, Towner.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nTowner, on the Mouse river, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n200; school-building, valued at $650; court-house; town hall; hotels; gen-\\neral stores, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, four; school population, 132; average\\nmonthly pay of teachers, males, $23.00; females, $35.00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $305.35.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle\\nSheep.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n201\\n232\\n972\\n990\\n1,433\\n4,972\\n98\\n287\\n638\\n143\\n270\\n258\\n37,316\\n47,771\\n128,870\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots I Person al Prop- T valuafion M of\\nvaluation, jerty valuation. 1 on 0l\\n1885 1,280 4,073 I 8 13 382 54,771\\n1886 3,348 11.245 I 16,976 I 75,992\\n1887 10,566 31,070 27,884 187,824\\nPAEM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\n285\\n300\\n9,440\\n1 none\\n150\\nnone\\n31,620\\nRye\\nBarley\\nj none\\n1 none\\n130\\n1,180\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 800. Lands improved, 1885,\\n6,118 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 280. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntwenty-two acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.94.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $5,938. Potato crop, 1885, 950 bushels.\\n(H)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "418 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor (Allan Mitchell To wrier...:\\nTreasurer I Marion Pace iPendroy\\nSheriff |W. R. Pitts IVillard\\nClerk District ourt Wm. P. McClintock (Towner\\nProbate Judge Wm. D. McClintock: Towner\\nRegister of Deeds |Geo. T. Inkster .Towner\\nSuperintendent of Schools ;H. J Kopperdahl iTowner\\nSurveyor John T. Bailey (Mouse River.\\nCoroner has. B. Jones (Towner\\nAssessor j Levi B. Pendroy Pendroy\\n(J. M- Pendroy Pendroy\\nOle Gilbertsou Towner\\nBenjamin Reed Mouse River.\\nGordon B. Sewell Towner\\nL John Ely i Towner\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nMouse River\\n.Towner\\nPendrov\\n.jVillard,\\nMclNTOSH COUNTY.\\nArea, 645,120 acres. Created, March 9, 1883, from part of Logan. Or-\\nganized, Sept. 25, 1884, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: Chas. C. Morrell, Geo. W. Lilly, and Chas.\\nV. Basye.\\nMcintosh is a county of central Dakota, bounded on the south by the\\n46th degree of latitude, and the second county east of the Missouri river.\\nThere are no streams of any considerable size in Mcintosh county; but\\nnumerous small creeks, lakes, and ponds, furnish a good supply of water.\\nSurface, rolling prairie, with occasional buttes and high plateaus. Soil, a\\nrich mold, varying in depth from eighteen inches to four feet. Sub-soil,\\nclay. Lignite coal is found in the buttes along the source of Beaver creek.\\nVacant public lands, 290,884 acres; Aberdeen land district, 77,124 acres;\\nBismarck land district, 213,760 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Mcintosh\\nCounty Bank, at Hoskins, Geo. W. Lilly, president; C. C. Hammond,\\ncashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nMcintosh County Herald, J. W. Kenagy, publisher, Hoskins; Mcin-\\ntosh County Democrat, T. J. Lamunyon, publisher, Hoskins.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nAshley, in the center, a new town recently platted, on the line of the\\nAberdeen, Bismarck Northwestern railroad, was selected as the county\\nseat, by a vote of the people, in November of the present year, (1887.)\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nHopkins, south of the center; school-building, valued at $800; church\\nand Sabbath-school organizations; general stores, hotels, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, one; average monthly pay of teachers,\\nfemales, $20.00; expended for school purposes during the year ending\\nJune 30, 1886, $99.29; par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $1,500; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses.\\nM Asses| Cattle Sheep, j Swine. Valuation.\\n1885 45\\n1886 154\\n1887 I 486\\n6 150 i 3 .8.265\\n19 I 668 I 13 I 69 31.720\\n16 1.909 396 214 74,190", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n419\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Heal\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nutal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885 969 3,389 $6,842 6,202 81 24,758\\n1886 10,383 28,595 7,202 I 16,979 i 84,496\\n1887 1 51.039 290,469 _5^m__ 37,949 407,708\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n71,825\\n83,000\\n111,072\\n12,558\\n87,924\\nCorn\\nOats\\n200\\nBarky\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 390. Lands improved, 1885,\\n883 acres. Number of farms, 1885, seventy-one. Average size of farms,\\n1885, twelve acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.22.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $3,329. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 530 pounds; eggs, eighty-Dine dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk J. H. Wishek Hoskins\\nTreasurer W. F. Smith Hoskins\\nSheriff Alex McDonald Hoskins\\nClerk District Court C- C. Hammond Hoskins\\nProbate Judge JA. Richards Hoskins\\nRegister of Deeds ;J. H. Wishek i Hoskins\\nAttorney Geo. H. Fay j Hoskins\\nSuperintendent of Schools John Ogden iHoskins\\nSurveyor Geo. W. Lilly Hoskins\\nCoroner Dr. H. Paasch j Hoskins\\nAssessor H. A. Garb lmann IHoskins\\n(Geo. W. Lilly, (chairman) IHoskins...\\nCommissioners C. C. Worrell Hoskins....\\nC. V. Basve jColdwater\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nASHLEY\\nColdwater\\nLloskius Youngstown\\nJewell\\nMcKENZIE COUNTY,\\nCreated, March 9, 1883, from part of Howard. Unorganized.\\nMcKenzie is a county of western Dakota, on the Montana boundary line,\\nnorth of the 47th degree of latitude. Principal stream, is the Little Mis-\\nsouri, which flows through the county from the south to the northeast.\\nBeaver creek is its chief tributary. No Government surveys have been\\nmade, as yet, in this county, but the surface and soil are said to be espe-\\ncially adapted to farming.\\nVacant public lands, 368,640 acres.\\nMcLEAN COUNTY.\\nArea, 400,000 acres. Created, March 8, 1883, from parts of Stevens,\\nSheridan, and Burleigh. Boundaries changed, March 12, 1885, part from\\nBurleigh. Organized, October 16, 1883, by the appointment, by the Gov-\\nernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: John S. Veeder, Warner F.\\nLewis, and Chas. T. Martinson.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "420\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMcLean county is situated in northern Dakota, en the east bank of the\\nMissouri river, north of the 47th degree of latitude. Principal stream, is\\nthe Missouri river, which washes the western and southern boundary of\\nthe county for a distance including the windings of the stream\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of sixty\\nor seventy miles. Smaller streams are Painted Woods and Turtle creeks,\\nwatering the southern and eastern portions, and Wolf and Snake creeks,\\nflowing through the north and west. There are many fine lakes in Mc-\\nLean county, some covering several thousand acres of land, and others\\nquite small. The largest sheets of water are Turtle, Veeder, and Williams\\nlakes. Springs of pure water abound in everj^ part of the county. About\\ntwenty square miles of the surface of this county are covered with a growth\\nol native timber, the chief varieties of which are cottonwood, willow,\\nbox-elder, and ash. This timber is distributed along the banks of the\\nMissouri and its tributaries. Lignite, or brown coal, is found in quanti-\\nties sufficient to supply the entire Territory with fuel, for all time. It is\\nJound in all parts ot the county, in strata varying in tbickness from a few\\ninches to fiiteen feet. Surface, generally, gently rolling prairie, except\\nalong the Missouri, where it is bluffy and. broken. In the extreme east-\\nern part, the surface is also slightly broken and billy. Much of the sur-\\nface is valley land. Soil, chiefly, a rich, black loam, sometimes taking mi\\na tinge of gray. Sub-soil, clay. A small part of the Ft. Stevenson mili-\\ntary reservation extends into the extreme north west corner of the county.\\nVacant public lands, 112,640 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTimes, C. F. Garrette, editor, Wash burn; McLean County Mail, J. E.\\nBritton, editor and publisher, Washburn.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWashburn, on the Missouri river, is the count}^ seat. It h i popula-\\ntion of 100; school- building, valued at $1,000; court-hou .aid jail, valued\\nat $4,000; flour-mill, valued at $6,000; church organic .xons. Coal is mined\\nin the neighborhood ot Washburn.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TO VNS.\\nCoal Harbor, on the Missouri river hi the northwest; population, sixty;\\nschool-building, valued at $1,000. Extensive deposits of coal are found in\\nthe vicinity of Coal Harbor. Hancock, on the Missouri river, between\\nWashburn and Coal Harbor; population, 100; school-building, valued at\\n$750; church organizations, coal mines, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, nine school population, 246; number\\nof school-houses in district, twelve; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, one; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $42.40; females, $24.05;\\nvalue of all scnool property, $8,530.93; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $4,955.51; cash remaining in school\\ntreasurv, June 30, 1886, $645.44; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $6,384; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine. Valuation.\\n1885 291\\n1886 382\\n1887 501\\n63\\n104\\n97\\n600\\n834\\n981\\n15\\n45\\n21\\n106 33.296\\n442 50.521\\n305 46.110\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nVPftr 1 Acres Real Valuation i Town Lots |Personal Prop-\\nYear 1 Estate. valuation. valuation, erty valuation.\\nToial assessed\\nvaluation ol\\ncounty.\\n1885 89.291 320.139\\n1886 89.291 383,300\\n1887 1 207,449 626,275\\n13,080 14,863\\n17.401 I 21,202\\n21.140 23,820\\n381,378\\n472,424\\n717,845", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n421\\nFAHM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in couiitv, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\n27,593\\n62,402\\n17\\n24\\n202\\n77.129\\nCorn\\n0*tB\\nKye\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n30.240\\n105,000\\n800\\nBarley\\nnone\\n2,880\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATIST I CS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1835, 942 Lands improved, 1885,\\n9,470 acres. Number of farms, 1SS5, 276. Average size of farms, 1885, thir-\\nty-four acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887. $3.02. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, about \u00c2\u00a719,000. Potato crop, 1885, 22,329 bushels. Dairy\\nand other farm products, 1885: butter, 5,518 pounds; cheese, 380 pounds;\\neggs, 2,084 dozen.\\nNAME AXD POSTOFF1CE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 18S7.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Laurence Casselman Washburn\\nTreasurer J Try A. Barnes Washburn\\nSheriff. Alfred Von Steiger Coal Harbor.\\nClerk District Court Chas. F. Garrette Washburn....\\nProbate Judge Peter Stewart Conkling\\nRegister of Deeds Laurence Casselman Washburn\\nAttorney Nelson F. Boucher Washburn\\nSuperintendent of Schools L. M.Wallin, Washburn....\\nSurveyor Andrew Flodin Washburn\\nCoroner V. W. Harris Conkling\\nAssessor J. O. Fjarli Ingersoll\\nJames Bartron. (chairman) Coal Harbor\\nCommissioners J. P. Lindcleaf Ingersoll\\nI Oliver O. Rhude Washburn\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\nLS87.\\nCoal Harbor\\n1\\nFalconer\\nTurtle Lake\\nEriekson\\nIngersoll\\nWeller\\nMcpherson county.\\nArea, 737,280 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nBoundaries changed, February 6, 1885, (tier of unorganized towns added\\nto.) Organized, November 3, 1883, by appointment, by the Governor, of\\nthe following commissioners, viz.: John H. Darlington, L. Dow, Henry\\nL. Moulton.\\nMcPherson is a county of central Dakota, bounded on the north by the\\n7th standard parallel, and in the second tier of counties east of the Missouri\\nriver. Principal streams are Elm, Spring, Willow, and Foot creeks. Sur-\\nface, in the eastern part, is mostly level prairie land; in the central por-\\ntion, somewhat broken, and in the western, generally undulating. Soil, a\\nrich loam, with clay sub-soil. Several lakes, and numerous ponds are\\nscattered over its area.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St Paul railway,\\n(Roscoe line,) thirteen miles; stations: Hillsview, Eureka.\\nVacant public lands, 285,299 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Ex-\\nchange Bank, at Hillsview, E. L. Hopkins, president. Bank of Leola, at\\nLeola, C. N. Herried, president; C. Johnson, cashier. McPherson County\\nBank, at Leola, Chas. Turner, president; F. H. Turner, cashier.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "422\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nBlade, J. W. Sheppard, editor, Leola; The Northwest, Beach Corn-\\nwall, publishers, Leola.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLeola, southeast of the center, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 300; school-building, valued at $1,500; court-house, valued at $2,000;\\nchurch organizations, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nHillsview, in the southwest; population 200; school-building, valued at\\n$800; church organizations, etc. Koto, in the east; population, 150; school-\\nbuilding; church organizations, etc. Eureka, in the west; railway ter-\\nminus; schools; church organizaiions, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, nine; school population, 296; number\\nof school-houses in district, eleven: number of school-houses built in\\n1885, seven; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $26.25; females,\\n$26.83; value of all school property, $7,168.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $4,733.24; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $621.75; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $6,700.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, seven per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $395.30.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMU i e sser d CatUc.\\nSheep. Swine.\\nValuation.\\n1885 496 78 996\\n1886 865 48 2,429\\n1887 1.087 54 3.348\\n21 238\\n186 541\\n180 494\\n9 42,585\\n97,301\\n129,154\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nv Acres Real\\near J Estate.\\nVol tin _ Town Lots\\n\\\\aluation. valualion\\nPersonal Prop To ^ST\\nerty valuation. Jjjgft 011 f\\n1885 58.579 185,682 2,109\\n1886 j 98,890 281.463 914\\n1887 128,828 360,595 8,877\\n19.530 l 249.906\\n52,977 i 432.655\\n61,597 560.223\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n12,319\\n2,902\\n18.563\\n114\\n18\\n117\\n175 500\\n40.000\\n194.000\\nRye\\n630\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n49,000\\n144,000\\nM 1 SCELL A NEOUS STATISTICS\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 1,422; Lands improved, 1885,\\n9,800 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 385. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntwenty-five acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.79.\\nCounty indebtedness, 18S7, $7,697. Potato crop, 1885, 4,329 bushels. Wool\\nclip, 1885, eighty-five pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 4,800 pounds; eggs, 3,121 dozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 423\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. 0. Address.\\nChas. Turner\\nSheriff\\nLeola\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\n8 P. Hardenbrook....\\nChas. N. Heneid\\nChas. Turner\\nL. T. Boucher\\nC. J.Collier\\nLeola\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nIra D. Taylor\\nDr. W. I. Hewitt\\nD. A. Kiugslev\\nf\\nGeo. W. Chamberlain,\\nVV W. Cornwall....\\n(chairman)\\nS P. Howell\\nGeo. C. Kntckerbocke\\nPeter Wittmeier\\nL\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAlpha |Eureka....\\nArena Hills view.\\nDelhi Kalo\\n.JLeola\\nLong Lake.\\n.Westboro\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nArea, 691,200 acres. Created January 14, 1875. Boundaries changed,\\nin 1S8L, part to Burleigh; changed again. March 12, 18S5, part from\\nWilliams and part to Oliver. Organized, November 6, 1883, by the ap-\\npointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Thomas\\nMcGrath, Horace C. Walker, George Williams.\\nMercer county is situated in northern Dakota, north of the 47th degree\\nof latitude, and on the south bank of the Missouri river, which forms its\\nnorthern and eastern boundary. The Big Ktd. e river, and its tributaries,\\nare the only other important streams within the county. Considerable\\nnative timber is found along the banks of the Missouri and other streams.\\nExtensive deposits of lignite coal underlay the surface. Surface, river\\nbottoms, bluffs, and high, rolling prairie. The northern and eastern por-\\ntions are somewhat broken by bluffs and sand hills, and there are, here\\nand there, small buttes and stony ridges. Soil, the alluvial deposit and\\nglacial drift oi the Missouri plateau. A part of the Fort Stevenson mili-\\ntary reservation crosses the Missouri river and lies within the boundaries\\nof Mercer comity.\\nVacant public lands, 114,080 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPilot, A. C. McCrorie, publisher, Stanton.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nStanton, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof seventy- five; school-building, valued at $1,500; court-house; saw-mill,\\netc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886. real, $15,000; personal, \u00c2\u00a73,500;\\ntotal, $18,500.\\nOTHER I M PO RT A NT TO W NS\\nHazen, on the Knife river; population, sixty; school-building, valued\\nat $750. Assessed valuation town property, 1880. real and personal, $38,-\\n000. Mercer, on the Knife river; population, 100; school-building, val-\\nued at $800; presbyterian and German lutherari church edifices, valued at\\n$1,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $12,326.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, three; school population, sixty-four;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, six; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, six; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $36.50; females,\\n$39.59; value of all school property, $5,706.75; expended for school pur-", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "424\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $6,995 90; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, Jnne 30, 1886, |421.86; par amount of school bonds outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $5,000; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per\\ncent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $2,055.01.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMales and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n83\\n1G4\\n146\\n7 4 2\\n465\\n370\\n29 S 8.715\\n148 12.385\\n127 14,066\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\n8,245\\n7,746\\n101,110\\n21.677\\n29.273\\n309.204\\n28,575\\n23,924\\n19.03L\\n18.518\\n11.273\\n7.286\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n77,485\\n76,855\\n349,587\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn....\\nOats\\nBarley.\\nFlax....\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nBust. pIs in\\n1887.\\n9.970\\n12,690\\n14.730\\n448\\n368\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1S85, 254. Lands improved, 18S5,\\n2,386 acres. Number of farms, 1885, seventy-five. Average size of farms,\\n1885, thirty -two acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, i?2. SO.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $11,496. Potato crop, 1885, 5,095 bushels.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 1,660 pounds; eggs, 1,600\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1S87.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCountv Clerk\\nH. O. Loy\\nT. J. Hangeberg\\nR. W. McGahan\\nStanton\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nStanton\\nStanton\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nF. F. Hills\\nH.C. Loy\\nSlat\u00c2\u00bbn\\nRegister of Deeds\\nStanton\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nZ. L. Jones\\nStephen Card\\nD. E. Wood\\nIrven PL Rinar 1\\nf Isaac Moore, (chairman)\\nJames Roberts\\nT. W. Jones\\nOtto Kriger\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nMercer\\nMercer\\nMercer\\nMercer\\nHazen\\nCommissioners\\nCausey\\nStanton\\n1 N. P. Nyman\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCausey [Mercer.\\nHazen Slaton..\\nStanton", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 425\\nMEYER COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory. Unorganized.\\ny Meyer county is entirely within the boundaries of the Great Sioux In-\\ndian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation in another part of\\nthis publication.\\nLIST OF TOSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nKosebud.\\nMIXER COUNTY.\\nArea, 368,640 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Hanson.\\nBoundaries changed, February 22, 1879, parts to Bramble and Wetmore;\\nchanged again, March 3, 1881, part to Aurora; changed again, in 1\\nto Sanborn, and part from Lake. Organized, November 8, 188\\npointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz..\\nArnold. Ephraim Corlies, and James I. Longley.\\nMiner county is situated in southeastern Dakota, on the 44th degree of\\nlatitude, midway between the Missouri river and the Minnesota state line.\\nPrincipal streams, are the west fork of the Vermillion river, and R\\nstone and Marsh creeks, two branches of the James river. A few small\\nlakes, and quite a number of ponds are scattered over various portions of\\nthe county. Surface, generally, a slightly undulating prairie, with\\nvalleys along the streams. The water-shed, or elevated lands, between\\nthe James and Vermillion rivers, includes a strip of country from six to\\nten miles through the center of the county, north and south. Soil, a\\nrich loam, well adapted for all purposes of agriculture.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(main line,) twenty-four miles; stations: Roswell, Vilas, Howard. Chi-\\ncago (k Northwestern railway, (Hawarden line.) twenty-seven miles; sta-\\ntions: Carthage, St. Mary s Vilas, Canova. Total miles of railroad in\\ncounty, fifty-one.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: Plank of\\nCarthage, at Carthage, Frank B. Ward, president; W. L. Palmer, cashier.\\nBank of Howard, at Howard. Security Bank of Dakota, at Howard, W.\\nH. Wilson, president; C. L. Oleson, cashier. Bank of Vilas, at Vilas. Abe\\nCohn, president. Alias Banking Co at Vilas, W. W. Girton, president;\\nH. U inden. cashier.\\nNEWSPAPJ\\nThe Breeze, J. M. Welch, editor and publisher, Canova; Dollar Weekly,\\nF. C. Stowe, editor, Canova; The News, W. W. Cole, publisher, Cartl\\nPrairie Home, Thomas McConnell, editor and publisher, Carthag\\nF. N. Robinson, editor and publisher, Howard; Advance, S. II. Broi\\neditor and publisher, Howard; Miner County Farmer, Girton Tonne\\nson, editors and publishers, A ilas.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nHoward, on the Vermillion river, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 1,000; school-building, valued at $1,600; methodist, lutheran, epis-\\ncopal, catholic, and congregational church edifices, valued at \u00c2\u00a312,000;\\ncourt-house, valued at $10,000; public hall; library, and free reading-room;\\ncreamery; flour-mill, valued at \u00c2\u00a320,000. Assessed valuation city property,\\n1886, real and personal, $200,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nCanova, in the south; population, 175; school-building, valued at $1,500;\\npublic hall, valued at $1,400; church organizations. Assessed valuation\\ntown propertv, ISSfJ, real and personal, $2,978. Carthage, in the north;\\npopulation, 450; school-building, valued at $4,000; episcopal, and metho-\\ndist church edifices, valued at $7,000; opera-house; flour-mill, valued at", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "426\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n120,000. Roswell, west of the canter; population, fifty; school-building,\\nvalued at $800; methodist church edifice, valued at $1,S )0. Assessed val-\\nuation town property, 1880, real and personal 135.000. Vilas, in the center\\npopulation, 300; school-building, valued at $600; baptist church edifice,\\nvalued at $1,200; artesian well; tow-mill, etc. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886, real and personal, $48,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, thirteen; school population, 1,298;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, sixty-six; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886. eight; average monthly pay. of teachers, males, $31.31;\\nfemales. $30.54; value of all school property, $47,675, expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $25,900.07; cash remaining\\nin school treasury, June 30, 1886, $785.28; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30. 1886, $45,700; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$12,849.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2,084\\n2.638\\n2.896\\n93\\n109\\n129\\n4,466\\n5:329\\n5.759\\n1,123\\n1.225\\n896\\n1.609\\n1,743\\n1.226\\n163 611\\n210,575\\n213 497\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\njPersonalProp-l T \u00c2\u00b0^LXTof\\nerty valuation.] SJSH^ of\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n114,050 489.033\\n13S.SS5 570.8-15\\n162955 l 632/121\\n93,212 S -147 214 893.070\\n104,687 1 186,675 1.072,782\\n118 996 218 163 1,182.677\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in j Bushels in j Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat 1633 231.645 682 500\\nCora I 8.070 I 85,240 813,500\\nOats I 2,509 178,681 363,000\\nRye 60 623 3,575\\nBuckwheat none 3,634 2,250\\nBar .ey 160 13,258 54,000\\nFlax I no ne 1 135,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of countv, 1880, 363; 1885, 4,928. Lands improved, 1880,\\n8,242 acres; 1885, 69,497 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 100; 1885, 1,026.\\nAverage size of farms. 1880, eighty-two acres; 1885, sixty-eight acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.87. Countv indebtedness,\\n1887, $14,932. Potato crop, 1885, 40,553 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 8,422\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 50,030 gallons;\\nbutter, 161,224 pounds; cheese, 1,365 pounds; eggs, 62,625 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Addre;\\nAuditor Hugh Smith Howard.\\nTreasurer L. Oleson j Howard.\\nSheriff M. II. Daly Howard.\\nClerk District Court 10. A. Crissey Howard..\\nProbate Judge J. I. Wells Howard.\\nRegister of Deeds |j. E. Mallery Howard.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 427\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887. Continued.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. 0. Address.\\nAtlornev\\nof Schools....\\n(i. Eiierei\\nHoward\\nSuparintendent\\nCoroner\\nA. W. Mc laran\\n.7. B. Walters\\nGeo. M. Stratton....\\nHoward\\nHoward\\nCartilage\\nCarthage\\nr\\ni\\n...A\\n1\\n1\\nE. G. Reeves\\nH. W. Eddv\\nJ. P. Rynn.\\nT. P. Reese\\nB. B. Sander. Jr\\nCommissioners..\\nHoward\\nHoward\\nHoward\\nLIST OF PCSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBeaver Hanchett Paint Mary s\\nTSerton Howard Vilas.\\nCanova Miner..\\nCarth;ige Roswell.\\nMINNEHAHA COUNTY.\\nArea, 522,240 acres. Created April 5, 1862. Boundaries changed, Jan-\\nuary 31, 1871, part to Hanson; changed again, January 8, 1873, parts to\\nLake and Moody. Organized, January 4, 1868, and Jno. Nelson, John\\nThompson, and Win. Melville, appointed commissioners, by act of Legis-\\nlature.\\nMinnehaha is a county of southeastern Dakota, bounded on the east by\\nthe Minnesota state line, and in the third tier of counties north of the\\nNebraska boundary. Principal stream is the Big Sioux river, flowing\\nthrough the county a little east of the center, in a generally southerly\\ndirection. Near the south line, it turns back upon its course, flowing north-\\neast, then north and northwest, through the city of Sioux Falls, then\\nturning northeast, southeast, and, finally south, in which course it flows\\nuntil its union with the Missouri river, near Sioux City, Iowa. Within a\\nradius of six miles around Sioux Falls, its course, measuring its windings,\\nis fully thirty miles. Its whole course, in the county, is approximately\\nforty miles. At Sioux Falls and Dell Rapids, and at various points be-\\ntween these two places, the river furnishes magnificent water powers.\\nAt Sioux Falls it has a total fall of ninety-one feet in a series of cascades,\\ncovering a distance of half a mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the en ire foil of the stream in its\\ncourse through the county, is estimated to be about 175 feet. The Skunk\\nriver an important affluent of the Sioux, draining the western portion\\nof the county also has a number of water powers along its course.\\nThe Pipestone creek. Split Rock river, and Beaver creek, all tributaries\\nof the Big Sioux, drain the eastern end of the county. There are quite a\\nnumber of lakes in Minnehaha county, the largest of which, are Wall,\\nClear, and Buffalo lakes. Extensive groves of native timber are found\\nwithin the county notably along the Big Sioux river. At Sioux Falls,\\nDoll Rapids, and other points along the Big Sioux river and Pipestone\\ncreek, are out -cropping:-; of the famous Sioux Falls quartzite or granite,\\nsometimes called jasper. At Sioux Falls nearly eighty feet of the rock\\nis exposed. It is a most valuable building stone, beautiful and\\nlasting, and immense quantities are quarried annually, and shipped to all\\nsections oi the northwest. Surface, undulating, or rolling prairie. A line\\nof high bluffs from 100 to 150 feet in altitude, marks the course of the\\nBig Sioux, from Sioux Falls to the Missouri river. The vail\\nprincipal streams, in Minnehaha county, are quite extensive especially\\nis this true of the broad and fertile valley of the Sioux. Soil, deep, rich,\\nalluvial loam.\\nMiles of railroad m county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Sioux City, Sioux Falls Egan lire,) twenty-seven miles: stations: Dell\\nRapids, Keyes. Sioux Falls. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis Omaha", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "428 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nrailroad, (main line,) forty miles; stations: Sioux Falls, Hartford. Burling-\\nton, Cedar Rapids Northern railway, (main line,) four miles; station:\\nSioux Falls. Illinois Central railway, (main line.) sixteen miles; station:\\nSioux Falls. Total miles of railroad in county, eighty-seven miles.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are eight banks doing business in this county, as follows: Dell\\nRapids Bank, at Dell Rapids, G. H. Johnson, president; G. E. Bow r erman,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Dell Rapids, John A. Cooley, president;\\nM. R Kenefick, cashier. Citizens National Bank, at Sioux Falls, E. P.\\nBeebe, president; E. M. Hills, cashier. Dukota National Bank, at Sioux\\nFalls, Geo. H. Brace, president; C. C. Carpenter, cashier. Minnehaha\\nNational Bank, at Sioux Falls, E. A. Sherman, president; C. E. Johnson,\\ncashier. Sioux Falls National Bank, at Sioux Falls, C. E. McKinney,\\npresident; C. L. Norton, cashier. Sioux Falls Savings Bank, at Sioux\\nFalls, Wm. Van Eps, president; Mark Russell, cashier. Minnehaha\\nCounty Bank, at Valley Springs, J. M. Bailey, Jr., president; N. J.\\nDeisher, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTimes, W. C. Nisbet, editor and publisher, Dell Rapids; Exponent, E. E.\\nGriswold, manager, Dell Rapids; Daily Argus-Leader, Argus- Leader Com-\\npany, editors and publishers, Sioux Falls; Daily Press, Caldwell k Bliss,\\neditors and publishers, Sioux Falls; Land and Labor News, Klunder\\nNotton, editors and publishers, Sioux Falls; Minnehaha Teacher, H. J.\\nWhipple, editor and publisher, Sioux Falls; Church News, Rev. Fred-\\nerick -Gardiner, Jr., editor and publisher, Sioux Falls; Dakota Deutsche\\nZeitung, Carl Kleinpell, editor and publisher, Sioux Falls; Vesterheimen,\\nS. O. Nordvold, editor and publisher, Sioux Falls; Educational Echo, H.\\nM. Goddard and Geo. Dickson, editors and publishers, Sioux Falls; Enter-\\nprise, Thomas J. Martin, editor and publisher, Valley Springs.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSioux Falls, on the Big Sioux river,, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 10,000; four brick, public school-buildings, valued at $65,000; epis-\\ncopal,. two baptist, two methodist, congregational, presbyterian, two luth-\\neran, catholic, unitarian, Swedish, adventist, and reformed church edi-\\nfices, valued at $101,100; water- works system, valued at $65,000; electric\\nlight plant, valued at $40,000; gas works, valued at $60,000; telephone sys-\\ntem; street railway, valued at $40,000; two flour-mills, valued at $560,000;\\npolishing works, valued at $80,000; packing house, valued at $50,000; cor-\\nnice shops, valued at $20,000; vinegar works, valued at $10,000; cracker\\nfactory, valued at $40,000; two foundries, valued at $30,000; brewery,\\nvalued at $50,000; bottling works, valued at $20,000; broom factory, valued\\nat $10,000; cooper shop, valued at $5,000; creamery, valued at $10,000;\\nwagon and carriage factory, valued at $25,000; cheese factory, valued at\\n$5,000; two brick yards, valued at $10,000; two cigar factories, valued at\\n$10,000; pop factories, valued at $12,000; tank line ware-house, valued at\\n$10,000; blank-book manufactory, valued at $1 ),000; other smaller manu-\\nfactories, valued at $25,000. Baptist college; episcopal school, and St.\\nRose s catholic academy, denominational institutions, located at Sioux\\nFalls, w T ith buildings and grounds, valued at $150,0(50. For a descrip-\\ntion of the baptist college and episcopal school, see pages 217 and 219 of\\nthis publication. Territorial institutions located at Sioux Falls; peni-\\ntentiary, (Territorial and National,) and school for deaf mutes. For a\\ndescription of the penitentiary and school for deaf mutes, see pages 213\\nand 225 of this publication. One of the leading industries of the city, is the\\nquarrying and shipping of native granite, building stone, and paving\\nblocks. The granite is also polished and worked into various shapes for\\nornamental purposes, and employed where a beautiful and costly finish is\\ndesired. Tw r o concerns operating these quarries, have a cash capital in-\\nvested of $125,000. The city has an opera house, fire department, county\\njail, etc, etc. Assessed valuation citv property, 1887, real, $2,975,455; per-\\nsonal, $736,815; total, $3,712,270.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n429\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBrandon, in the east; population, fifty; school-building, valued at $850 j\\nlutheran church edifice, valued at $850. Dell Rapids, in the north; popu-\\nlation, 900; school-building, valued at $10,000; methodist, presbyterian,\\nbaptist, Scandinavian church edifices, valued at $12,000; creamery, with\\na daily capacity of 1,000 pounds of butter; flour-mill; brick yard. The\\ngranite quarries, of Dell Rapids, employ several hundred men, and ship,\\nduring the season, from 200 to 300 car loads of building and paving stone,\\neach month. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$336,043. Hartford, southwest of the center; population, 300; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $1,000; catholic and methodist church edifices, valued\\nat $jJ,00u. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$50,000. Keyes, north of Sioux Falls; population, 100; flour-mill; grain\\nelevator; stone quarries, etc. Valley Springs, on the eastern boundary;\\npopulation, 350; baptist and congregational church edifices, valued at\\n$2,800; city hall; fire department; creamery; flour-mill, valued at $12,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, 111; school population, 3,609; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, ninety -one; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, one; average monthly pay of teachers, males, \u00c2\u00a733.89; females,\\n$28.63; value of all school property. $101,543.99; expended for school pur-\\nposes during the year ending June 30, 1886, $55,922.95; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $23,721.77; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $57,855.78; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, nine per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $1,455.31.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n3.229\\n4,767\\n5.620\\n6,169\\n140 8,898\\n175 12,850\\n228 16 303\\n214 19,035\\n1,701\\n5,691\\n5,631\\n5,932\\n4.466\\n10,602\\n9.346\\n8.491\\n224,637\\n644,344\\n725.424\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY I Acres Real\\nlear Estaie.\\nValuation Town Lots Personal Prop- ^lmiToTo^\\nvaluation. va i na tiou. [erty valuation, county\\n1880\\n885,312 $412,149 1297.461\\n1885 376 656\\n1886 394,150\\n1887 404,715\\n1.337,343 793.451 278.121 2.633,552\\n2,995.299 2,170,834 958,700 6,769,177\\n3.181.489 2,699,114 996,372 7,602.399\\n1880, personal prupeny includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat 215,019 229,449 789,328\\nCorn 151,282 313.943 1,038,654\\nOats 270,204 665,916 840.000\\nRye 7,966 5.999 20,700\\nBuckwheat 31 2,081 6,000\\nBarlev 50.909 110,319 233,325\\nFlax none _ 300,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 355; 1880, 8,251; 1885, 13,857. Lands im-\\nproved. 1880, 104,618 acres; 1885, 220,429 acres. Number of farms, 1880,\\n1,286; 1885, 1,753. Average size of farms, 1880, eighty-one acres, 1885, 126\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $7.86. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $1.1,345. Potato crop, 1885, 67,911 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n34,909 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk. 273,492 gal-\\nlons; butter, 375,476 pounds; cheese, 7,572 pounds; eggs, 211,067 dozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "430 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. 0. Address\\nCounty Clerk\\nN. E. Phillips\\nSioux Falls\\n0. S. Hwenton\\nJohn Su nd back\\nSheriff\\nSioux Falls\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nCyrus Walts\\nR. C. Hawkins\\nN. E. Phillips\\nA. A. Polk\\nH. J. Whipple\\nD. C. Rice\\nR. C. Roberts\\nSioux Falls\\nSioux Falls\\nSioux Falls\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nr\\nSioux Falls\\nSioux Falls\\nSioux Falls\\nSioux Falls\\nRepublican\\nI\\n0. F. Howies\\nDell Rapid*\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBrandon\\nCelton\\nDell Rapids\\nFleetwood\\nGrand Meadow.\\nHartford\\nHighl and.. ...\u00e2\u0080\u009e..._\\nKeyes\\nI ake City\\nLyons\\nNew Hope...\\nPalisade\\nPennington\\n[R epublican\\nSioux Falls....\\nSverdrwp\\nTaopi\\nValley Springs\\nWellington\\nWest Point\\nMOODY COUNTY.\\nArea, 337,920 acres. Created, January, 1873, from parts of Brookings\\nand Minnehaha. Organized, August 11, 1873, by the appointment, by the\\nGovernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Edward F. Pierce, David\\nFaribault, and Harry Stoughton.\\nMoody county is situated in southeastern Dakota, on the Minnesota\\nstate line, and in the fourth tier of counties north of the Nebraska bound-\\nary. Principal stream, is the Big Sioux river, which flows through the\\ncounty from north to south, in a very devious course. Squaw, Bachelor,\\nand Skunk creeks are tributaries of the Sioux, from the west, and Spring,\\nFlandreau, Brookfield, and Pipestone creeks, are feeders from the east.\\nThese streams afford good water powers, at various points. A few small\\nlakes are located in the southwestern part. A limited amount of native\\ntimber grows along the banks of the streams. Surface, generally, an un-\\ndulating prairie, and river valley. The Coteau region, forming the water-\\nshed between the Big Sioux and the James rivers, extends into the west-\\nern portion of the county. The valley of the Big Sioux river is a beauti-\\nful and fertile one. Soil, chiefly, a rich loam. Sub-soil, yellowish clay,\\nmixed with some gravel.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St: Paul railway,\\n(main line,) twenty-six miles; stations: Column, Sioux Falls Junction,\\nEgan, Flandreau; (Sioux Falls Egan line,) ten miles; station: Sioux\\nFalls Junction. Total, thirty-six miles. Burlington, Cedar Rapids\\nNorthern railway, (main line.) .four miles. Total miles of railroad in\\ncounty, forty.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nTh^re are three banks doing: business in this county .as foPows: Bank\\nof Egan, at Egan, James Smith, president; Geo. M. Smith, cashier.\\nFarmers and Merchants Bank, at Flandreau, A. J. Smith, cashier.\\nMoody County Bank, at Flandreau, T. II. McDonnell, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nExpress, Geo. P. Lanning, editor and publisher, Egan; Moody County\\nEnterprise, H. M. Williamson, publisher. Flandreau; Herald, Alf. T.\\nWhit nan, editor and publisher, Flandreau; Bee, George L. Bentley, edi-\\ntor and publisher, Colman.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n4U\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nFlandreau, east of the center, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 1,000; two school-buildings, valued at $12,000; catholic, methodist, epis-\\ncopal, and two presbyterian church edifices, valued at $11,000; court-house;\\nflour-mill, valued at $12,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1880, real,\\n$140,390; personal, $89,445; total, $179,835.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nColman, in the west; population, fifty; school-building, valued at $800.\\nEgan, in the center; population, 500; school-building, valued at $6,000;\\nbaptist, and methodist church edifices, valued at $3,000; flax-mill, valued\\nat $4,000. Trent, in the south; population, fifty; school-building, valued\\nat $500.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, sixty-four; school population, 1,613; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, fifty-six; average monthly pay of teachers,\\nmales, $27.50; females, $23.86; value of all school property, $32,930; ex-\\npended for school purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $22,928.78;\\ncash remaining in school ireasury, June 30, 1886, $21,603.42; par amount\\nof school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $30,789.50; average rate of in-\\nterest paid on bonds, nine per cent.; amount of school warrants outstand-\\ning June 30, 1886, $215.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\ni Mules and\\nAsses.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,482\\n3,100\\n3,2(35\\n3,661\\n72\\n108\\n1C2\\n84\\nSheep.\\n1.274\\n1,681\\n2.326\\nSwine.\\n3,178\\n2.458\\n1.897\\nValuation.\\n8 171,132\\n385.825\\n372,225\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Re*\u00c2\u00bb]\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.!\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n211.794\\n229,089\\n238 782\\n233 7 3\\n590.814\\n1,349.485\\n1,393.675\\n94,815\\n178,625\\n170.450\\n195,297\\n124.549\\n229,140\\n176.705\\n9 429,010\\n981 310\\n2.143.075\\n2 113.055\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat 110 735 369.561 441,728\\nCorn 49,847 52.185 158,270\\nOats 114.011 428.129 502.464\\nRye 1.450 2.939 3.360\\nBuckwheat i 1375\\nB.irley 20,716 107,322 80.500\\nFlax i\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 3,915; 1885, 5,189. Lands improved, 1880,\\n31,440 acres; 1885, 87,338 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 818; 1885, 905.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, thirty-eight acres; 18S5, ninety-seven acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.83. County indebtedness,\\n1887, $5,200. Potato crop, 1885, 29,215 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 9,247\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 205,916 pounds;\\ncheese, 550 pounds; eggs, 78,286 dozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "432 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName. P. O. Address.\\nJ. F. Goodsell\\nAlbert Faegre\\nJ. W. Bennett\\nJames Wilson\\nC. D. Pratt\\nbheriff.\\nClerk District Court\\nFlandreau\\nf\\nRegister of Deeds\\nF. E. Minier\\nEgan\\nPell Rapids\\nSuperintendent of Schools...\\nSurveyor\\nW. W. Spear\\nJ Otis\\nDr. J. H. Schnll\\nEgan\\nBrook field\\n0. H. Rorebeck\\nL. Hasvold\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY\\n1887.\\nFlandreau\\nItalia\\nGroveland\\n...[Trent....\\nEgan\\n...1\\nMORTON COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\nFebruary 10, 1879; changed again, February 8, 1881, 4 part to Burleigh;\\nchanged again, February 19, 1887, part from Stark. Organized, February\\n21, 1881, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commis-\\nsioners, viz.: Elijah Boley, Lovett Gill, Michael Lang.\\nMorton is a county of northern Dakota, on the west bank of the Missouri\\nriver, and bounded on the south by the Cannon Ball. Other important\\nstreams of the county, are the Heart, and the north fork of the Cannon\\nBall, both of which traverse its entire length from east to west; Square\\nButte, Otter, and GlenUllin creeks, and Sweet Briar, Little Heart, and\\nKnife rivers. In addition to the streams named, the county contains\\nmany smaller brooks, and springs of excellent water. Surface,\\ntable land, high rolling prairie, river valleys and bottoms, and hilly\\nranges. The country adjacent to the Missouri river is marked by the\\nusual fortification of high and rugged bluffs. The Heart river and other\\nwater courses of the county are bordered by bluffs reaching beyond, into\\nstretches of high prairie, broken by low, sweeping undulations. Between\\nthe ranges of hills, marking the courses of the various streams, are con-\\ntained valleys, somewhat narrow, of great richness of soil: Soil, of the\\nupland, the usual deep, productive loam, or glacial drift of the Missouri\\nplateau. Along the banks of the streams, and covering the islands of the\\nMissouri, are found groves of native timber, including the following varie-\\nties: Cottonwood, elm, ash, oak, and box-elder. Inexhaustible beds of\\nlignite coal underlie Morton county, near the surface, and is mined with\\nliitle or no expense. Quarries of excellent sand-stone abound, as also, de-\\nSosits of firebrick clay, and terra cotta clay. Something more than one-\\nalf of the Fort Rice, and all of the Fort Abraham Lincoln military reser-\\nvations, are included within the limits of the county.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific, 75.4 miles; stations:\\nMandan, Sunnyside, Marmot, Sweet- Briar, Sedalia, New Salem, Blue Grass,\\nSim?, Almmte, Curlew, Kurtz, Glen Ullin, Eagles Nest, Hebron, Knife\\nRiver. Total, 75.-1 miles.\\nVacant public lands, 763,000 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: First\\nNational Bank, at Mandan, H. R. Lyon, president; H. Van Vleck, cashier.\\nGerman American Bank, at Mandan. Northern Pacific Bank, at Man-\\ndan, T. D. Merwin, president; Chas. E. Meech, cashier.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n433\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTimes, J. E. Gates Co., editors and publishers, Man dan; Daily\\nPioneer, R. M. Tuttle, editor and manager, Mandan.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nMandan, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 2,500; school-buildings, valued at $7,600; presbyterian, baptist, catholic,\\nmethodist, and congregational church edifices, valued at $22,000: brick\\ncourt-house and jail, city hall and fire department houses, together\\nvalued at 142,50 water- works system, valued at $10,000; flour-mill, sash\\nand wood- working factory, feed-mill, together valued at $125,000; exten-\\nsive car repairing shops. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real,\\n$60(1,000; personal, $200,000; total, $800,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nGlen Ullin, in the northwest; population, 100; school-building; congre-\\nfational. and catholic church edifices, valued at $2,500; flour-mill, etc.\\nlebron, in the northwest; population, seventy-five; German evangelical\\nchurch edifice, valued at $1,200; parsonage, valued at $1,300; schools;\\ngrain elevator, etc. New Salem, north of the center; population. 200;\\nschool-building, valued at $2,800; German evangelical church edifice,\\nvalued at $1,100; fi.our-m.ill, valued at $9,o00. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1880, real and personal, $15, H)0. Lignite coal, and an excellent\\nclay for the manufacture of brick and tile, are found in the vicinity of New\\nSalem. Sims, near the center; population, 400; school-building, valued at\\n$4,000; lutheran church edifice, valued at $1,000. Two large coalmines\\nare operated at Sims, and an excellent quality of lignite coal is mined,\\nand shipped to various points along the line of the Northern Pacific rail-\\nroad. Assessed valuation town property, 1880, real and personal, $37,560.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fifteen; school population, 895;\\nnumber of school- houses in district, fifteen; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1880, eight; average pay of teachers, males, $43.00;\\nfemales, $35.37; value of all scho l p $19,599.00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year t 1886, $12,555.94; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury June 3 lount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $J of interest paid on\\nbonds, eight per cent. amount oi iits outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $2,992.16.\\nLIVE ST\\nSvfine.\\nValuation.\\n410\\n868\\n563\\n114.307\\n142,742\\n176.257\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY\u00c2\u00abar.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersona! Prop-\\nerty valuat on.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1S87\\n94.865\\n106.818\\n1.081,474\\nI 388 628\\n427,335\\n2,912 980\\n5\\n752.174\\n659.583\\n701,850\\n313,663\\n271.709\\n283,078\\n$1,568,772\\n1,501,369\\n4,074.165\\nF KM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n29 681\\n50,228\\n99,252\\n430\\n292\\n4,534\\n100,000\\n132 000\\nOats\\n243 000\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarlev\\n1,170\\n3,000\\n1\u00c2\u00bb,550\\n2880\\nFlax", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "434 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 200, 1885, 5,873. Lands improved, 1885,\\n20.853 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 898. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntwenty-three acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.68.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $61,502. Potato crop, 1885, 97,525 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 1,508 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk,\\n10,875 gallons; butter, 39,010 pounds; cheese, 9,900 pounds; eggs, 31,146\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nWm. P. Hilles\\nFrank Briggs\\nG. W. Harmon\\nM. B. Dovle-\\nH. G. Voss\\nJos. Miller\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff...\\nMandan\\nMandan\\nRegister of Deeds\\nSuperintendent of Schools....\\nSurveyor\\nr\\ni\\ni\\nE. J Steele\\nFT. H. Harmon\\nE. W. Read\\nMax Schultze\\nOrville BroAvn, (chairman)\\nGeorge Peoples\\nElijah Boley\\nH. S. Parkin\\nH. F. Eidmann\\nNew Salem,\\nMandan\\nIflebron\\nLIS1 OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFt. Abr. Lincoln\\nGlen Ullin\\nHebron\\nMandan Sweet Briar\\nNew Salem\\n|Sims\\nMQUNTRAILLE COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo. Boundaries changed,\\nin 1885, part to Garfield. Unorganized.\\nMountfaille is a county of northwestern Dakota, bounded on the north\\nby the International bom dary line, and on the south reaching to the\\nMissouri river. Other principal streams, are the River of Lakes, White\\nEarth, and Little Knife rivers. A great number of lakes and ponds are\\nscattered throughout the county, and especially is this true of the Coteau\\nregion, which extends through the northern part. Surface, river bot-\\ntom, bluffs, undulating prairie, and low, sweeping hills of the\\nCoteaus. The surlace of Mountraille county, the character of the soil,\\nand its rich, native grasses, together with an abundant supply of water\\nand shelter, make the lands desirable for the farmer and stock grower.\\nNo Government surveys have been made, as yet, in this county. About\\none-half of the county is within the boundaries of the Fort Berthold In-\\ndian reservation; but, under a recent agreement with the Indians which\\nagreement awaits the approval of congress much of the land now with-\\nheld from settlement, will be thrown into market at an early day.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\nforty-five miles; stations: Sidings, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. 19.\\nVacant public lands, 1 ,806,080 acres.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, thirteen; 1885. thirty-seven. Lands im-\\nproved, 1885, 381 acres Number of farms, 1885, five. Average size of\\nfarms, 1885, seventy-six acres.\\nNELSON COUNTY.\\nArea, 645,120 acres. Created, March 9, 1883, from parts of Ramsey,\\nGrand Forks and Foster. Organized, May 15, 1883, by the appointment,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n435\\nby the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: David S. Dodds,\\nGeo. S. Martin, and Francis I. Kane.\\nNelson county is situated in northeastern Dakota, being the second\\ncounty west of the Red River of the North, and the third south of the\\nInternational boundary line. Principal streams, are the Sheyenne river,\\nwhich drains the southwestern portion of the county, and the Goose river,\\nw T hich drains its eastern surface. The northeastern section is watered by\\nfeeders of the Park river. A great number of lakes, ponds, and marshes,\\nare scattered over nearly every part of the county. Wamduska, or Stump\\nlake, covering an area approximating sixteen square miles, or more than\\n10,000 acres, is probably the second lake in importance in the Territory.\\nIts waters are charged with chloride of sodium and other chemicals, the\\nsame as the waters of Devils Lake, on the west, with which it was con-\\nnected at one time. Other large sheets of water are, Lake. Laretta, and\\nDeer lake. Native timber fringes the shores of Wamduska lake, and\\ngrows along the course of the Sheyenne. Surface, generally, nearly level\\nprairie. The surface of the southern ponion of the county may be bet-\\nter described by the term rolling prairie. Along the south bank of the\\nSheyenne river, the land is somewhat bluffy. Wells of good water are\\neasily obtained at a depth of from twenty-six to thirty feet. Soil, is com-\\nposed of a deep, black loam. Sub-soil, limestone marl.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\ntwentv-six miles; stations: Petersburg, Michigan City, Mapes, Lakota.\\nVacant public lands, 25,000 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Lakota, at Lakota, Chas. A. Bowne, president. Nelson County Bank,\\nat Lakota, M. S. Northcote, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nNelson CountyNews, Emery Mapes, editor and publisher, Lakota;\\nNelson County Capital, W. S. Fowler, editor and publisher, Michigan\\nCity; Times; J. W. Wallace, editor, Michigan City.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLakota, northwest of the center, is the county seat. It has a popula-\\ntion of 600; school-building, valued at $4,000; methodist and episcopal\\nchurch edifices, valued at $3,500; court-house and jail, valued at $5,000;\\ngrain elevators, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAdler, in the east; population, thirty; school-building, valued at\\n$950. Harrisburg, on Stump lake; population, thirty; school-building,\\nvalued at $200. Mapes, east of Lakota, school-building; church edifices,\\netc. Michigan City, north of the center; population, 300; school-building,\\nvalued at $3,300; catholic and congregational church edifices, valued at\\n$2,000; grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1880, real\\nand personal, $90,000. Petersburg, in the east; population, forty; school-\\nbuilding, valued at 8800.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population, 487; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, eighteen; number of school- houses built\\nin 1886, two; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $45.00; females,\\n$35.50; value of all school property, $21,01.0.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 80, 188!), $15,700.00; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June bO, 1886, $4,677.00; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $12,800.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 188G,\\n$1,500.00.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. Mu e8 and\\ncattle.\\nSheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1885 958 189\\n1886 1,878 225\\n1887 1,524 237\\n2.132\\n2,830\\n3,587\\n257 386 144. IS I\\n381 1.019 192,455\\n375 752 202,501", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "436\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nv a i,i\u00c2\u00abtir*, i Town Lots Personal Prop- a e( J\\nValuation. I valuatioll# i er ty valuation. \u00e2\u0084\u00a2i\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 ty 0f\\n1885\\n1S86\\n1887\\n198.713\\n233.099\\n259,077\\nS 594.335\\n700.295\\n747,133\\n8 36,955\\n48.596\\n62.063\\n109.881\\n150,124\\n167.118\\n885,852\\n1,091,470\\n1,178,815\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n132,525\\n15\\n123,450\\n360\\n3,696\\n930,278\\n429\\n396,306\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n67,184\\n5.200\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 3,031. Lands improved, 1885,\\n70,532 acres. Number of farms, 1885,1,141. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nsixty-two acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.88. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $29,450. Potato crop, 1885, 20,830 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 243 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 18S5: milk, 1,158 gal-\\nlons; butter, 19,537 pounds; eggs, 7,213 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nA.\\nW\\nF.\\nN\\nm.\\nK\\n8\\nD\\nm.\\nN\\nM\\nm\\nR\\nO.\\nH.\\nT.\\ns.\\nE.\\n11.\\nTofthacen\\nC. Daniels\\nMcCoy\\nTallant\\nIruit\\nLakota\\nSheriff\\nLakota\\nClerk District Court\\nf\\nW\\nH\\n\\\\Y\\nM\\nJ.\\nW\\nw\\n0.\\nT\\nLakota\\nLakota\\nParker\\nJohnson\\nMyres\\nGroves\\nHubbert\\nForde\\nMci aughlin, (chairman)\\nMorken\\nLakota\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools....\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nLakota\\nLakota\\nHartlett\\nMichigan C\\nOttofy\\nty.\\n1 T.\\nJa\\nBaconville.\\nOttofv\\nBue\\nCommissioners\\nCollins\\nOlsgard\\nRyall\\nAdleT\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAdler Harrisburg\\nAneta Lakota\\nBaconville Lee\\nBue Mapes\\nCrosier i Michigan City\\nNOWLTN COUNTY.\\nCreated March 8, 1883. Unorganized.\\nNowlin is a county of southern Dakota, situated between the Cheyenne\\nand White rivers, and entirely within the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation elsewhere in\\nthis publication.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nOLIVER COUNTS\\n437\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, March 12, 1885, from part of Mercer. Or-\\nganized March 12, 1885, and Henry Sawyer, H. E. Fisher, and Lewis Con-\\nnolly, appointed commissioners, and Raymond designated as county seat,\\nby act of Legislature.\\nOliver is a county on the west bank of the Missouri river, and north of\\nthe 47th degree of latitude. Principal stream is the Missouri river, the\\neastern boundary of the county. The Knife river and its tributaries\\ndrain the northern and western portions, and Square Butte creek flows\\nsoutheasterly, from the center of the county. There are quite a number\\nof springs, ponds, a\u00c2\u00bbd small brooks, watering every township. Surface,\\nnear the Missouri river, has the usual characteristics high, rugged bluffs,\\nriver bottoms, numerous islands, small bars, bayous, etc. The county,\\ngenerally, is somewhat hilly although there is an abundance of excellent\\nfarming land along the valleys of the streams, and on the rolling prairie\\nbetween the dividing ridges. Soil, the rich, alluvial deposit, found on the\\nMissouri plateau. Considerable native timber grows along the margin of\\nthe great river, and of the smaller streams. Lignite coal underlies the\\ncounty, near the surface, outcropping at many places.\\nVacant public lands, 174,080 acres.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSanger, on the Missouri river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof seventy-five; school-buildings; church organizations; county building;\\nbusiness houses; hotels, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nHarmon, in the southeast; population, twenty-five; schools; church or-\\nganizations; two cheese factories; business houses; hotel, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, two; school population, ninety; num-\\nber of school-houses built in 1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers\\nmales, $30.00; females, $30 00; value of all school property, $1,017.32\\nexpended for school purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $881.97\\ncash remaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $115.96; par amount of\\nschool bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $1,000.00; average rate of interest\\npaid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $517.75.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots iPersonalProp-I^^^Xn 8\\nvaluation. or ty valuation. valuation of\\ncounty.\\n1887\\n231,030\\n41,285\\n486,917\\n1.099\\nI 9 10,457\\n10,265\\n84,236\\n525,193\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Busr els in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n1.816\\n8 165\\n29,010\\n20\\n60\\n6,000\\n15,000\\n12,000", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "438 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nMISCELLANE US STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 327. L nds improved, 1885,\\n3,612 acres. Number of farms, J885, 100. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nthirty-six acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, \u00c2\u00a72 11.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $2,618. Potato crop, 1885, 8,475 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 3,558 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 7,760 pounds; cheese, 4,400 pounds; eggs 7,665 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Robt. Hutchinson Sanger\\nTreasurer W. B. Smith Sanger\\nSheriff |W. B. Haight Sanger\\nProbate Judge H. M. Mauley Harmon\\nRegister of Deeds Robt. Hutchinson Sanger\\nSuperintendent of Schools Mrs. Susan Penney Sanger\\nSurveyer E. G. Chapman {Sanger\\nCoroner Mas. A. ulligan Sanger\\nAssessor Geo. W. (Gordon {Sanger\\n[Louis Connolly, (chairman) |Hensler\\nCommissioners J W. Hendricks Sanger\\n(.John D. Albers |New Salem.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFIGES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nHarmon Hensler Klein I Sanger\\nPEMBINA COUNTY.\\nArea, 967,680 acres. Created January 9, 1867. Boundaries changed,\\nJanuary 31, 1871, parts from Chippewa and Kittson; changed again, Janu-\\nary 4, 1873, parts to Cass, Cavalier, Foster, Grand Forks, La Moure, Ram-\\nsey, Ransom, Renville, and Stutsman; changed again, in 1881, part to\\nWalsh.\\nPembina, a Red River valley county, is situated in the extreme north-\\neastern corner of the Territory. Principal streams, are the Red River of\\nthe North the eastern boundary of the county; the Pembina river, which\\nrises in Canada, but flowing south, and then east, it traverses the northern\\ntier of townships, adding its volume to the Red at the city of Pembina;\\nthe Tongue river, which enters the county on the west, takes a north-\\neasterly course, emptying into the Pembina river, not far from its mouth,\\nand two branches of the Park river, which drain the southwestern por-\\ntion of the county. Groves of native timber, including oak, elm, cotton-\\nwood, and other varieties, fringe the streams of this county, The Pem-\\nbina river is quite heavily timbered. The slopes of the plateau, in the\\nwestern portion of Pembina county, are also thickly timbered, with\\na growth of aspen, oak. elm, willow, etc. The greater portion of the\\ncounty is a vast, level plain, or valley, of the famous Red River region.\\nBeyond this plain, to the west, the surface rises in a series of terraces,\\nand is quite hilly and broken. Soil, the deep, rich, black soil of the Red\\nRiver valley. Sub- soil, yellow clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\nthirty-three miles; sta ions: Neche. Bathgate, Hamilton, Glasston, St.\\nThomas. Northern Pacific railway, (Grand Forks-Pembina line.) thirty-\\nthree miles; stations: Drayton, Roane, Pembina. Total miles of railroad\\nin county, sixty-six.\\nVacant public lauds, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are eight banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Drayton, at Drayton, S. R. Smith, president; H. L. Crandall, cashier.\\nBathgate Dakota Bank, at Bathgate, E. A. Harman, president; C. T. Har-\\nman, cashier. Citizens Bank, at Bathgate, C. L. Parker, cashier. Bank\\nof Hamilton, at Hamilton. W. H. Randall, president; B. P. Dayman,\\ncashier. Bank of Neche, at Neche, H. L. Holmes, president;. James", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 439-\\nThomson, cashier. First National Bank, at Pembina, L. E. Booker,\\npresident; G. W. Ryan cashier. Pembina County Bank, at St. Thomas,\\nH. Strong, president; H. P. Smith, cashier. Bank of St. Thomas, at St.\\nThomas, John D. Batson, president; A. B. Little, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPembina County Democrat, Frank A Wilson, editor and publisher, Bath-\\ngate; Pioneer-Express, Wardwell Thompson, publishers, Pembina;\\nTimes, Grant S. Hager, editor and publisher, St. Thomas; Pembina\\nCounty News, McMillan Muir, publishers, Hamilton.\\nCOUNTY SKAT.\\nPembina, on the Red River of the North, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 1,000; school-buildings, valued at $10,500; methodist, catho-\\nlic, episcopal, presbyterian, and two lutheran church edifices, valued at\\n$9,000; court-house and jail, valued at $16,000; flour-mill, valued at $22,000;\\nbrewerv, valued at $16,000. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real,\\n$160,000; personal, $120,000; total, $280,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBathgate, northeast of the center; population, 500; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,200; baptist, methodist, presbyterian, and catholic church\\nedifices; town hall, valued at \u00c2\u00a72,000. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $100,000. Beaulieu, in the west; school -building,\\nvalued at $1,500; baptist church edifice, valued at $2,000. Cavalier, west\\nof the center; population, 200; school-building, valued at $500; church\\nedifice, valued at $2,500. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, $37,000.\\nGaidar, in the southwest; population, eighty; school-building, valued at\\n$1,000; business houses, hotels, etc. Glasston, south of Bathgate; popu-\\nlation, 100; school-building, valued at $500; general stores; grain eleva-\\ntors; hotel, etc. Hamilton, between Bathgate and Glasston; population,\\n300; school-building, valued at $2,0 0; baptist, presbyterian, and metho-\\ndist church edifices, valued at $9,000; city building, valued at $4,000; ar-\\ntesian well; four grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $120,000. Mountain, in the west; population, 120;\\nschool-building, valued at $400; lutheran church edifice, valued at $1,500.\\nNeche, on the northern boundary; population, 400; school-building, val-\\nued at $2,000; presbyterian, methodist, and catholic church edifices, val-\\nued at $5,000; city building, valued at $2,000. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886, real and personal, $50,000 St. Thomas, in the south; pop-\\nulation, 850; school-building, valued at $1 ,500; baptist, catholic, and meth-\\nodist church edifices, valued at $6,500; city buildings; artesian well, val-\\nued at $6,000; six grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation city property,\\n1886, real and personal, $108,000. Stokesville, in the southwest popula-\\ntion, fifty; school-building, valued at $10,000; catholic church edifice, val-\\nued at $1,500; lime-kilns, etc. Walhalla, in the northwest; population,\\n100; school-building, valued at $6 000; catholic church edifice, valued at\\n$700; flour-mill; two steam feed-mills; saw-mill; creamery; carriage-\\nworks. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $18,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, 100; school population, 3,658; number\\nof school-houses in district, seventy -one; number of school-houses built-\\nin 1886, twelve; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $45.17; females,\\n$30.75; value of all school property, $55,045; expended for school purposes\\nduring year ending June 30, 1886, $39,478.32; cash remaining in school\\ntreasury, June 30, 1886, $7,692 85; par amount of school bonds outstand-\\ning June 30, 1886, $51,350; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight\\npercent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $3,718.88.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. M ^g S S eo aI1 Cattle. Sheep. Swine.\\nValuation.\\n1880 780 9 1,885 871\\n1885 4,157 201 6,G32 7U7 4,159\\n1886 5 171 218 7,783 987 5,318\\n1887 5.G33 214 9 306 1.422 2,957\\n395,842\\n434,247\\n485,095", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "440\\nYear.\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1887\\n429,734\\n456,812\\n477.151\\n118,107\\n1,288,742\\n1,286,811\\n1,244.739\\n112,211\\n182,966\\n263.451\\n149,636\\n432,151\\n474,810\\n541,056\\n267,748\\n2 228,946\\n2.828,384\\n2,534.841\\n1880.. personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushel in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\n63,676\\n582\\n29 609\\nnone\\nnone\\n8,673\\n2,056,733\\n4.388\\n693,631\\n105\\n184\\n106.612\\n4.002.500\\n81.000\\nOati;\\n1,715,000\\nRve\\nBarley\\n4L iOS\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 1,213; 1880,4,862; 1885, 11,510. Lands im-\\nproved, 1880, 20,879 acres; 1885, 226,519 acres. Number of farms, 1880,498;\\n1885, 2,080. Average size of farms, 1880, forty-two acres; 1885, eighty-\\nfour acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.60. County in-\\ndebtedness, 1887,140,000. Potato crop, 1885, 180,874 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 8,337 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 5,940 gal-\\nlons; butter, 271,165 pounds; cheese, 725 pounds; eggs, 224,754 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor J. H. Bird Pembina\\nTreasurer T. J. Lemon Pembina\\nSheriff W m. James Pembina\\nClerk District Court Henry D. Boy den Pembina....\\nProbate Judge E. A. Armstrong Pembina\\nRegister of Deeds W. M Holbrook St. i homas.\\nAttorney G. 11. Megguire Pembina\\nSuperintendent of Schools |C. E. Jackson i embina\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nf\\nCommissioners\\nFrank Hebert iCavalier\\nDr. Muir Hamilton...\\nE. II. Bergman, (chairman) Gardar\\nH. C. Arnold Crystal\\nH. McGrUinp Ernest\\nL. L. Haigtal St. Thomas.\\nJ ml La Moure Pembina....\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nGHasston\\nHallson\\nBay Ceuier\\nPittsburgh\\nHamilton\\nHvde Park\\nJoliette\\nBowesmont\\n^rattfoTd\\nLer\\nCrvsial.\\nLeroy\\nMcConnell\\nStokesville\\nWalhalla\\nErnest.\\nWel/ ord\\nEvford\\nYoung\\nGardar\\nPENNINGTON COUNTY\\nArea, 1,024,000 acres. Created, January 4, 1875, from original territory.\\nBoundaries changed, February 10, 1877; changed again, in ]879, part to\\nZiebach; changed again, in 1883, part of Martin. Organized, March", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 441\\n5. 1877, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commis-\\nsioners, viz.: It. If. Vosburg, M. M. Fuller, and Edwin L\\nPennington is a county of the Black Hills, in the southwestern portion\\nof the Territory, and the third county north of the Nebraska state line.\\nPrincipal Btreams, are the Cheyenne river, which forms the eastern boun-\\ndary of the county, and Box-Elder, Rapid. Spring, and Battle creeks, all\\ntributaries of the Cheyenne. At Rapid City, Rapid creek furnishes an\\nexcellent water-power. Surface, about equally divided into mountainous\\nand open country, the western portion extending into the heart of\\nthe Hills, and the eastern including the main valley and plains. One\\nthird of the great, granite region of the Hills is within the limits of Pen-\\nnington county, including Harney s Teak, the loftiest summit in the I .lack\\nHills, which reaches an altitude of 8,200 feet above the sea, and is situated\\ntwenty-three miles southwest of Rapid City, in an air-line. To the north\\nand northwest of llarney, the horizon is pierced by innumerable peaks,\\nand ridges, with many beautiful valleys intervening. In places there are\\nopen prairie lands, elevated from 4,500 to 6,000 feet above the sea A line\\ndrawn north and south, through Rapid City, very nearly divides the hilly\\nfrom the level or plains region, lying to the east. The valleys of the lower\\nBox-Elder, tiapid, and Spring creeks, are broad and fertile. The valley\\nof the Cheyenne is, for the most part, narrow, with high, steep bluffs.\\nThis valley as also others in the county, is occupied by extensive cattle\\nranches. Deposits of tin. gold, silver, copper, and other valuable mineral\\nores, and beds of gypsum, marble, and building stones of every de-\\nscription abound, and are inexhaustible. The whole western part of the\\ncounty is heavily timbered, principally with hard pine, spruce, balsam, fir.\\nbirch, oak. aspen, and willow. For a more extended description of the\\nBlack Hills country, see the article elsewhere in this publication.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (Fremont,\\nElkhorn k Missouri Valley line,) twenty- nine miles; stations: Maverick,\\nBrennan. Rapid City.\\nVacant public lands, 721,1)82 acres; 506,000 acres unsurveyed.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county as follows: Black\\nHills National Bank, at Rapid City, H. G. Hall, president; II. S. Hall,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Rapid City, Richard C. Lake, president;\\nJames Ilalley, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Journal, J. B. Gossage, publisher; R. B. Hughes, editor, Rapid\\nCity; Daily Republican, John P. McMan us, editor and publisher, Rapid\\nCity; Black Hills Democrat, G. W. Barrows, editor and publisher, Rapid\\nCity.\\nCOUNTY SKAT.\\nRapid City, in the north, is the county seat. Ithasa population of 5,000;\\nschool- buildings, valued at 125,000; congregational, methodist, presbyte-\\nrian, and catholic church, edifices, valued at $8 000; brick court-house and\\njail; city hall; library; fire-department houses; street railway, valued at\\n$10,000; water-works system, valued at $50,000; electric light plant, valued\\nat 17,000; flour-mill, valued at $30,000; broom factory; telephone system.\\nAssessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $1,100,000; personal, $400,000;\\ntotal, $1,500,000. The Dakota school of mines is located at Rapid City, for\\nfull description of which see page 210 of this publication.\\nschools, (statistics 1880.)\\nNumber of organized townships, eleven; school population, 731; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, twenty; number of school- houses built\\nin 1886, four; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $73.83; females,\\n$46.67; value of all school property, $28,890; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during year ending June 30, 1886, $16,064.53; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1880, $595.78, par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1880, $14,900; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$4,517.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "442\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and! ra+tlp\\nAsses. 0aaie\\nSheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1880 284 53 2 951 59 101\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,803\\n2,590\\n2.929\\n149 9.869\\n143 1 7,725\\n2i7 7.333\\n2.250 253\\n2,520 1 256\\n1 4,037 283\\n251.455\\n296.185\\n319,135\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nY j Acres Real\\nlear Estate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n20 308\\n44.500\\n75,118\\n40.6G6 1*8148,887 8 189,443\\n115 860 8 307.829 252,845 927,989\\n374,370 1,147.967 I 447 318 2 265,840\\n435.020 1,057,180 419.575 2,230.910\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat..:\\n1\\n1,423\\n13,115\\n6,315\\n81,432\\n76\\n12\\n5,076\\n144 000\\n710\\n30 400\\nOats\\nRve\\nj 10.5G9\\n360, 000-\\n1 250\\nBuckwheat\\n33\\n1.250\\nBar ev\\n1 1,339\\n17,500\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 2,244; 1885, 3.224. Lands improved, 1880,\\n1,359 acres; 1885, 28,386 acres. Number of farms, 1880, fifty-three; 1885,\\n352. Average size of farms, 1880, twenty-six acres; 1885, eighty-one acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre. i887, $5.79. County indebtedness,\\n1887,1111,756. Potato crop, 1885, 24,029 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 11,585\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 49,321 pounds;\\ncheese, 228 pounds; eggs. 29 246 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nGeo. C. Hunt |Rapid City..\\nJohn Keliher Rapid City..\\nRoliert Boyd, Jr Rapid City..\\nB. E. Padgett Rapid City..\\nLevi McGee Rapid City..\\nRegister ol Deeds Ijacob S. Gantz Rapid City.-.\\nAttorney W. I. Walker Rapid City..\\nSuperintendent of Schools |Ja?. r Mean-, Rapid City..\\nSurveyor Chas W. Kryden Rapid City..\\nCoroner iAbel Mathias Rapid City..\\nAssessor Horace Crockett Rapid City..\\nGeo. Hunt Rapid ity..\\nJ. B. Scruton Rockerville.\\nR. D. Kennedy Lookout\\nCommissioners.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nLink\\nLookout\\nRochford\\nRockerville\\nSheridan\\nSilver City\\nHill City\\nPactola", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "RESO URC ES OF D A KOTA 443\\nPIERCE COUNTY.\\nCreated, March 11, 1887, from DeSmet, parts of Rolette, Bottineau, and\\nMcHenry.\\nPierce count}- is situated in northern Dakota, in the second tier of\\ncounties south of the International boundary line, and between Devils\\nLake and the Mouse river. Principal stream, the Sheyenne river, which\\ndrains the southern half of the county. A great number of beautiful and\\npicturesque lakes abundantly supply the northern portion with water.\\nSurface, river valley, rolling prairie. The county is filled with rich agri-\\ncultural lands, and fine pastures of native grasses. Scattering groves of\\nnative timber grow in the vicinity of the headwaters of the Sheyenne.\\nSoil, a rich loam, from eighteen to twenty-four inches deep, under which\\nis a sub-soil of about eight feet of gray marl.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railroad,\\ntwenty miles; station: Rugby Junction; (Bottineau extension,) eighteen\\nmiles; stations: Rugby Junction, Barton. Total, thirty-eight miles.\\nVacant public lands, 312,560 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nRugby Junction Advance, Rugby.\\nLIST OF POS TOFFIOES IN CO UNTY, 1887.\\nI) -liney I Hurricane Lake Rugby\\nPOTTER COUNTY.\\nCreated, 1873, (as Ashmore,) from part of Buffalo; January 4, 1875. name\\nchanged. Boundaries changed, March 8, 1883, part from Faulk. Organ-\\nized, November 6, 1883. by the appointment, by the Governor, of the fol-\\nlowing commissioners, viz.: Chas. A. Gilchrist, O. S. Shaw, and F. G.\\nKretschmer.\\nPotter county is situated in southern Dakota, and is bounded on the\\nnorth by the fifth standard parallel, on the south by the fourth standard\\nparallel, and on the west by the Missouri river. The county is traversed,\\nin the northwest, by the Little Cheyenne river, and its numerous branches.\\nA large branch of the Okobojo creek drains the southeastern part; Arti-\\nchoke creek waters the townships of the southwest. A number of large\\nlakes and ponds are distributed over the county. A considerable growth\\nof native timber, consisting of white ash, box-elder, cottonwood, and elm,\\nborders the banks of the Missouri. Surface, of the middle, eastern, and\\nsouthern portions, rolling prairie, broken, only near the eastern\\nboundarv, by the foot-hills of the elevations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 miscalled the Bald mount-\\nains. Adjacent to the Missouri river and Okobojo creek, the country is\\nbroken, more or less, by bluffs and ravines. The bottom-lands. along the\\nMissouri and other streams, are sometimes quite extensive. Soil, a deep,\\ndark, gravish loam, composed of sand, clay, disintegrated rock, and vege-\\ntable deposit. Sub-soil, a yellow clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago Northwestern railway, (Water-\\ntown-Faulkton line,) twenty miles; stations: Lebanon, Gettysburg.\\nVacant public lands, 79,080 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Potter\\nCounty Bank, at Gettysburg, E. S. Ormsby, president; J. R. Hugiies,\\ncashier. Bank of Forest City, at Forest City, Andrew \\\\V. Smoot, presi-\\ndent; B. F. Bullard, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHerald. Heaton AVillis, editors and publishers, Appomattox; Dakota\\nBlizzard, G. A. INichols, editor, Copp; The Press. W. S. Ingham, manager,\\nForest City; Herald, King Kipiinger, editors and publishers, Gettys-\\nburg; Union-Index, Arnold Houtz, editors and publishers, Gettysburg.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nGettysburg, near the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n700; school- building, valued at Si, 000: baptist church edifice, valued at", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "444\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n$2,500; court-house, valued at $5,000; artesian well; flour-mill; business\\nnouses; grain warehouses, etc. Gettysburg is the western terminus of the\\nWatertown and Faulk ton branch of the Chicago Northwestern railroad.\\nAssessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $60,000; personal, $75,000;\\ntotal, $135,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAppomattox, in the west; population, fifty; school-building, valued at\\n$800; church organizations; business houses; hotel, etc. Copp, in the\\nsoutheast; school-building, valued at $600; church organizations; general\\nstore, etc. Forest City, on the Missouri river; population, 150; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $1,500; flour-mill, of the capacity of 100 barrels per day;\\npacking-house; general stores; hotel, etc. Pembroke, in the north popula-\\ntion, fifty; school- buildings; church organizations; mill; general store, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, seventeen; school population, 522;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, twenty-five; number of school- houses\\nbuilt in 1886, fourteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $33.00;\\nfemales, $27.50; value of all school property, $15,000; expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $10,500; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury June 30, 1886, $1,358.87; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $13,800; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$3,500.^\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n862\\n1,107\\n1.295\\n81\\n117\\n119\\n1.429\\n2.335\\n2,838\\n159\\n210\\n457\\n324\\n705\\n722\\n8 57,887\\n111.418\\n128.220\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n29,618\\n126 296\\n158.013\\n234,556\\n286,901\\n439.852\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nWsonal Prop-| T \u00c2\u00b0l*] n eased\\nlerty valuation.! J-JX**\\nof\\n14,852\\n16.917\\n40,865\\n35,206\\n208.592\\n82.684\\n3-12.481\\n623,828\\nI 691,621\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nBye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarlay\\nFlax\\nnone\\n400\\n60C\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n6,300\\n28,820\\n21,237\\n55\\n222\\n218\\n220,000\\n200,000\\n64,000\\n3,600\\n40,000\\n24.399\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 2,336. Lands improved, 1880,\\nforty acres; 1885, 25,540 acres. Number of farms, 1880, one; 1885,940.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, forty acres; 1885, twenty-seven acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.77. County indebtedness, 1887, $20,-\\n336. Potato crop, 1885, 10,342 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 791 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 1,714 gallons; butter, 23,630\\npounds; eggs, 22,622 dozen.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 445\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. 0. Address.\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nEvan F. Gross\\nH. T. Meacham\\nL. J. Ferris\\nT. J. Eales\\nF. W. Hurdick\\nFt B Carr....\\nGettysburg\\nGettysburg\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nGettysburg\\nGettysburg\\nGettysburg\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nO. \\\\v. Shoenfeldt\\nHelen M. Williams\\nCramer\\nA. W. Young\\nA. J. Landis\\nGettysburg\\nGettysburg\\nCommissioners V\\nL M. Bishop\\nC. M. Brooks\\nJ. J. Loveless\\nGettysburg\\nDavidson\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\nin 1887.\\nAppomattox\\nCopp\\nCornelion\\nCramer\\nDavidson\\ni\\n....Morrill\\nGettysburg\\nGustine\\nHoven\\nLebanon.....\\nPembroke\\n....iPotter\\nWelland\\nPRATT COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 9, 1883. Unorganized.\\nPratt county is situated in southern Dakota, within the limits of the\\nGreat Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation\\nelsewhere in this publication.\\nPRESHO COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 9, 1883.\\nPresho is a county of southern Dakota, west of the Missouri river, and\\nbounded on the north, in part, by the Missouri river. It lies within the\\nboundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the\\nSioux reservation elsewhere in this publication.\\nPYATT COUNTY.\\nCreated March 8, 1883.\\nPyatt is a county bounded on the north by the 45th degree of latitude,\\nand reaching to the Cheyenne river, on the south. It is entirety within\\nthe boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the\\nSioux reservation elsewhere in this publication.\\nRAMSEY COUNTY.\\nArea, 633,600 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Pembina,\\nBoundaries changed March 9, 1883, parts to Benson and Nelson; changed\\nagain, 1885, part to Benson, six townships from Cavalier, and tw T o townships\\nsegregated on the east. Organized, January 25, 1883, by the ap-\\npointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: D. W.\\nEnsign, E. V. Barton and F. C. Sanders.\\nRamsey county is situated in northeastern Dakota, the second county\\nsouth of the Canada boundary, and midway between the Mouse river on\\nthe west, and the Red River on the east. The county is covered with in-\\nnumerable lakes, nearly 100 square miles of its surface being w r ater.\\nDevils La. \u00e2\u0080\u0094the largest sheet of water in the Territory having a total", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "446 RESOURCES. OF DAKOTA.\\nlength ofahout forty-five miles is all within the limits of Ramsey county,\\nexcept the western extremity. Its waters are salt, resembling those of\\nthe ocean. The lake varies in width from a few hundred yards to several\\nmiles, and, in places, is a 100 feet or more in depth. Near the central part\\nof the county there is a large body of pure and sweet water, covering some\\n4,000 acres and known as Sweet Water lakes. Dry lake is another very\\nlarge sheet of water, situated in the northwestern portion of the county.\\nThe islands and peninsulas of Devils Lake are covered w T ith timber.\\nSurface, generally, rolling prairie, except a range of low hills from one-\\nhalf mile to a mile in width, extending from the south end of Dry lake al-\\nmost to the eastern boundary of the county. The- land north of these\\nhills is quite level. The Grand Coulee a long and fertile valley, from,\\nten to forty miles in width, has a length of about twenty miles in Ramsey\\ncounty, extending north from the west end of Devils Lake. Soil, black\\nloam, slightly sandy, from one to three feet deep, and overlying a thick\\ndeposit of clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba rail-\\nroad, forty miles; stations: Bartlett, Crary, Devils Lake, Grand Harbor,\\nChurch s Ferry.\\nVacant public lands, 239,200 acres; Devils Lake land district, 45,200 acres;\\nGrand Forks land district, 194,000 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are four banks doing business in this countv, as follows: First\\nNational Bank, at Devils Lake, C. S. Hulbert, president; Geo. Juergens,\\ncashier. Merchants National bank, at Devils Lake, F. R. Fulton, presi-\\ndent; E. A. Gowran, cashier. North Shore Bank, at Devils Lake, John\\nA. Burnett, cashier. The North Dakota Bank, at Church s Ferry.\\nNEWSPAPERS\\nThe Sun, S. A. Nye, editor, Church s Ferry; The Inter-Ocean, H. G.\\nHansbrough, editor and publisher, Devils Lake; Devils Lake News, J. F.\\nCarruthers, publisher, Devils Lake.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nDevils Lake, on a body of water of that name, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 1,500; school-buildings, valued at $5,500; episcopal, presbyter-\\nian, methodist, and catholic church edifices, valued at $7,900; fire depart-\\nment houses; flour-mill, valued at $10,000; artesian well, water- works sys-\\ntem, and citv hall projected. Assessed valuation city propertv, 1886,\\nreal, $211,000; personal, $135,000; total, $346,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBartlett, in the southeast; population, fifty; school-building, valued at\\n$800; catholic church edifice, valued at $1,000; general stores; grain eleva-\\ntors, etc. Church s Ferry, in the west; population, 200; school-building,\\nvalued at $800; methodist church edifice, valued at $1,000. Assessed val-\\nuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $61,000. Crary, in the\\nsoutheast; population, seventy-five; school-building; three general stores;\\nhotels; grain elevators, etc. Grand Harbor, west of Devils Lake; popula-\\ntion, 225; school-building, valued at $1,500; church organizations; business\\nhouses; hotels; grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation, town property,\\n1S86, real and personal, $70,000. Jerusalem, on the eastern extremity of\\nDevils Lake; school-building; church organizations, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, fourteen; school population, 723; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, twenty-six; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, eleven; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $40.50; females,\\n$35.00; value of all school property, $16,000.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June, 30, 1886, $17,000.00; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $1,755.37; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $11,500.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$2,390.00.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "Year.\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\n447\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n833\\n1.403\\n1,973\\n112\\n133\\n1447\\n2,255\\n3,288\\n29\\n64\\n200\\n211\\n738\\n779\\n8 105 232\\n207.187\\n213.071\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n119.823\\n150,152\\n193.948\\ni 542,740\\n700,970\\nI 884,090\\nTown Lots jPersonalProp-i T ^Y ua a t f e u SSe d f\\nvaluation, lerty valuation. a A 10U ot\\n231,366 141.575 S 1.020.913\\n207,326 238,330 1,353,813\\n276,360 323,005 1,696,526\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat..\\nCorn....\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarlev..\\nFlax\\nnone\\nnone\\n60\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n735 000\\n8.000\\n564,000\\n270\\n42,000\\n2,100\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 281; 1885, 3,271. Lands improved 1880,\\nfifty acres; 1885,65,830 acres. Number of farms, 1880, one; 1885, 1,252.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, fifty acres; 1885, fifty-three acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.56. Countv indebtedness, 1887,\\n$33,443. Potato crop, 1885, 34,619 bushels. Wool clip, 1885, 145 pounds.\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 11.255 gallons; butter, 33,074\\npounds; cheese. 320 pounds; eggs, 4,848 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICB ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk iJohn A. Percival Devils Lake.\\nTreasurer |01e Sermgard [Dev Is Lake.\\nSheriff j Ever Wagness Devils Lake.\\nClerk District court !T. C. Saunders (Devils Lake.\\nProbate Judge |P. J. MeOlory ^Devils Lake.\\nRegister of Deeds... John A. Percival Devils Lake.\\nAttorney D. E. Morgan Devils Lake.\\nSuperintendent of Schools J. F. Cowan Devils Lake.\\nSurveyor Frank Doty Devils Lake.\\nCoroner Chas. T. Zunich [Devils Lake.\\nAssessor T. Thorson Devils Lake.\\nf Chas. A. Currier\\n|Wm. R. Mahood\\nCommissioners -I John Barton\\nj ;Ed. Lohues\\nt James McOormick\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBartlett\\n1\\nDevils Lake Kildahl...\\nChurch s Ferry\\nGrand Harbor Locke\\nJackson IRutten..\\nDeGroat\\nJerusalem (Starkweather", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "448 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nRANSOM COUNTY.\\nArea, 552,960 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from part of Pembina.\\nBoundaries changed, in 1883, part to Sargent. Organized, March 7, 1881,\\nby the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz.: Geo. H. Colton, Gilbert Hanson, and Frank Probert.\\nRandom county is situated in eastern Dakota, in the second tier of coun-\\nties, north of the 7th standard parallel, and in the second west of the\\nMinnesota state line. The principal stream is the Sheyenne, which tra-\\nverses the county, in a very tortuous course, entering at the northwest,\\nand flowing south and west, until near the south boundary, when it turns\\nnortheast, and finally passes across the northeast border, on its way to-\\nward the Red. Bear and Dead Colt creeks, drain the townships of the\\nsouth and west. A curve of the Maple river, waters a single township on\\nthe northern boundary. A few small lakes, and a number of marshes,\\nare scattered throughout the county. The Sheyenne, alongits whole course,\\nis bordered by grores of cottonwood, oak, elm, ash, and other varieties of\\nnative timber. At Lisbon, the river furnishes a good water-power. Sur-\\nface, of the southeastern part, generally level, with light, sandy soil; in\\nthe northeast township the country is shaped into a group of sand-hills,\\ncovered with a scanty growth of scrub-oak, and with an abundant supply\\nof water but a short distance beneath the surface; along the course of\\nthe Sheyenne runs a picturesque and beautiful valley, sometimes narrow,\\nand, in many places, not distinctly defined, owing to the encroachment of\\nthe prairie. In other places the valley is quite wide, and is bordered by\\nlofty bluffs, seamed and furrowed, with deep gulches and ravines. A\\nbroacT valley, ranging from one-and a half to three miles in width, occu-\\npies a part of the southwestern townships, to the west of which is a\\nstony ridge, extending as far north as Bear creek. Soil of the county,\\nelsewhere than named, a deep, black loam, with a sub-soil, generally,\\nof clay. In portions of the southeast and of the southwest, a sub-soil\\nof quicksand is found.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (Fargo South-\\nwestern line,) 41.8 miles; stations: Sheldon, Buttzviile, Lisbon, Elliott,\\nMarshall.\\nVacant public lands, 13,120 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Lisbon, at Lisbon, J. E. Wisner, president; C. B. Wisner, cashier.\\nFirst National Bank, at Lisbon, R. S. Adams, president; H. K. Adams,\\ncashier. Bank of Sheldon, at Sheldon.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Star, Chas. E. Johnson, editor and publisher, Lisbon; Ransom\\nCounty Gazette, Aplin Buckley, editors and publishers, Lisbon; Enter-\\nprise, E. A. Kling. editor and publisher, Sheldon; The Blade, Neelands\\nBros., publishers, Sheldon.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nLisbon, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 1,700;\\nschool-building, valued at $7,000; methodist, presbyterian, baptist, epis-\\ncopal, and catholic church edifices, valued at $15,000; fire department\\nhouses; foundrv; flour-mills, etc. Assessed valuation city property, 1887,\\nreal, $160,000; personal, $122,350; total, $282,350.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nElliott, in the west; population, fifty; school-building, valued at $1,200;\\nmethodist church edifice, valued at $o00; grain elevators; general stores,\\netc. Plymouth, northwest of Lisbon; population, fifty; school-building;\\nflour-mill; general stores, etc. Sheldon, in the northeast; population, 400;\\nschool-building, valued at $2,000; presbyterian, and catholic church edi-\\nfices, valued at $3,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and\\npersonal, $70,000.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n449\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, seventeen; school population, 794;\\nnumber of schooi-houses in district, thirty-two; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, one; average monthly pay oi teachers, males, 139.67; females,\\n$33.81; value of all school property, 129,203.62; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886. $19,732.63; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $3 52.43; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886. $10,500; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$3,799.02.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep. J Swine.\\nValuation.\\n1885 1,567\\n1886 2,066\\n1887 j 2.752\\n150 2,611\\n160 I 3,267\\n166 i 3 814\\n434 1,158 136 963\\n444 1 1,532 j 198,302\\n878 1,173 1 225.890\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEsttite.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPprqnrm! PrrmJ T \u00c2\u00b0tal assessed\\nrersonai \u00c2\u00b1-rop-i lnatl ft n1\\nerty valuation.\\nvaluation\\ncounty.\\nof\\n1885\\n1886\\n281.095\\n289,721\\n883,180\\nS 1,088.795\\nI 1.219i 984\\ni 1,783,104\\n145,183\\n159.323\\n186.639\\n151.315\\n170,721\\n328 920\\n1,522,206\\n1,748,330\\n2,524,553\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat\\n8,060\\n1.375\\n4,290\\nnone\\nnone\\n1,520\\nnone\\n831,837\\n43,052\\n568,903\\n427\\n2,904\\n57,368\\n669 084\\n28,527\\nOats\\n415,889\\nRye\\n1,000\\n50\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n13.515\\n1,260\\nM 1 SCELL A NEOUS STATISTICS\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 537; 1835, 4,238. Lands improved, 1880, 702\\nacres; 1885, 109,003 acres. Number of farms, 1880, thirty- two; 1885, 1,076.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, twenty-two acres; 1885, 101 acres. Average\\nassessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.65. Potato crop, 1885, 101,115 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 707 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter,\\n181,505 pounds; cheese, 350 pounds; eggs, 36,809 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor R. M. Davis Lisbon\\nTreasurer A. C. Kvello [Lisbon\\nSheriff T. N. Quinu I Lisbon\\nClerk District Court Ulyses Hertig Lisbon\\nProbate Judge F. P. Allen Lisbon\\nRegister of Deeds R. M. Davis Lisbon\\nAttorney I P. H. Kourke iLisbon\\nSuperintendent of Schools |F. W. Grange Lisbon\\nPurveyor M. E. Severance Lisbon\\nCoroner A. B. Herrick Lisbon\\nAssessor John H. Oerding Ft. Ransom\\njM. L. Engle, (chairman)\\nJA. D. Luca?\\nCommissioners i Haul B. Rains\\nj James Anderson Sheldon\\nI lA. H. Berland iFt. Ransom.\\n(15)", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "450 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIST OF POSTOFPICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFort Ransom\\nScovill\\nLisbon\\nOwego\\nElliott\\nPlymouth\\nRENVILLE COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 4, 1873, from parts of Deuel and Pembina. Bound-\\naries changed, 1883, part to Wynn; changed again, March 11, 1887, part\\nfrom Wynn. Unorganized.\\nRenville is a county of northwestern Dakota, bounded on the north by\\nthe International boundary, and the fourth county east of the Montana\\nline. Principal stream is the Mouse river, which flows through the\\ncounty from north to south, its entire length. Renville county is in the\\nrich agricultural and grazing districts of the famous Mouse river valley.\\nVacant public lands, 1,044,480 acres.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, thirty-one. Lands improved, 1885,\\n1,282 acres. Number of farms, 1885, nine. Average size of farms, 1885,\\n142 acres.\\nRICHLAND COUNTY.\\nArea, 847,360 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from original territory.\\nBoundaries changed, March 8, 1883, part to Roberts; changed again, March\\n9, 1885, from part of Roberts. Organized, in 1873, by the appointment, by\\nthe Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.: J. W. Blanding, D.\\nWilmot Smith, M. T. Rich.\\nRichland is a county of the Red River valley, situated on the Minnesota\\nstate line, just north of the 7th standard parallel. Principal streams,\\nare the Red and the Bois de Sioux rivers, which form the eastern bound-\\nary of the county. The Wild Rice river enters the county from the west,\\nand makes a wide curve to the southeast, flowing out at the northeast\\ncorner, traversing about two-thirds of the length, and five-sixths of the\\nbreadth of the county. The Sheyenne river flows through the north-\\nwestern townships. There are upwards of fifty small lakes and ponds\\nscattered over the face of Richland county, the largest of which are Swan,\\nElk, Dry Slough, Taylor, Twin, Elm, Star, and Moran lakes, and Lake\\nWillard, situated in the southwestern townships. Scattered groves of\\nnative timber fringe the banks of^he various streams of the county.\\nSurface, of the eastern part, a level plain, undulating gently toward the\\nwest, until it terminates in the sand hills, which lie along the western\\npart. Soil, light clay, mixed with black sand, fine, black sediment, and\\ndecomposed vegetable matter. In many places, if the surface was re-\\nmoved to a depth of twenty feet, the new surface would be as productive\\nas the old. Sub-soil, of the county, is unmistakably a drift deposit. The\\nLake Traverse Indian reservation occupies a part of the southern tier of\\ntownships.\\nMiles of railroad in county Northern Pacific railway, (Northern Pacific,\\nFergus Black Hills line,) thirty-two miles; stations: Wahpeton, Farm-\\nington, Mooreton, Barney, Wyndmere. Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul\\nrailway, (Fargo Southern line,) fifty-one miles; stations: Fairmount, Tyler,\\nWahpeton, Abercrombie, Christine, Sewall, Kongsberg. St. Paul, Min-\\nneapolis Manitoba railway, (Wahpeton Ripon line,) thirty -three\\nmiles; stations: Walcott, Colfax, D wight, Wahpeton; (main line,) thirty-\\nfour miles; stations: Fairmount, Sonora, Hankmson, Stiles, Lidgerwood.\\nTotal, sixty*eeven miles. Minneapolis Pacific railway, (mam line,)\\nthirty-four miles stations: Hankinson, Belmont, Fairmount. Total miles\\nof railroad in county, 184.\\nVacant public lands, 20,040 acres; Watertown land district, 6,400 acres;\\nFargo land district, 13,640 acres.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n451\\nThere are four banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nWahpeton, at Wahpeton, W. J. Van Derveer, president. Farmers and\\nMerchants Bank, at Wahpeton, C. B. Pinney, president; R. B. Carson,\\ncashier. Northwestern Bank, at Wahpeton, T. W. Kellog, president; W.\\nA. White, cashier. People s Savings Bank, at Wahpeton, T. L. French,\\npresident; C. N. Wood, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nRichland County Gazette, E. K. Morrill, editor and publisher, Wahpe-\\nton; Dakota Globe, Falley Fritz, proprietors, Wahpeton; Times, Geo.\\nP. Garred, editor and publisher, Wahpeton; Mercury, Greig Glasier,\\neditors and publishers, Wahpeton; Herald, F. J. Smith, editor, Fair-\\nmount; Fort Abercrombie Scout, F. J. Smith, publisher and editor, Fort\\nAbercrombie.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWahpeton, on the Red River of the North, is the county seat. It has a\\npopulation of 2,100; three school-buildings, valued at $20,000; methodist,\\nbaptist, congregational, episcopal, and two catholic church edifices, val-\\nued at $28,000; court-house and jail, valued at $15,000; city hall and fire\\ndepartment houses; water- works system, valued at $72,000; flour-mill;\\nbrewerv, etc. Assessed valuation city property, 1886, real, $352,662; per-\\nsonal, $230,417 total, $583,079.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nColfax, in the north; population, 150; school-building, valued at $1,300;\\nartesian wells; flour-mill, valued at $12,000; grain elevators; business\\nhouses; hotel, etc. Dwight, northwest of Wahpeton; population, fifty;\\nschool-building; lutheran church edifice, valued at $1,500; city jail; arte-\\nsian wells; grain elevators; general stores; hotel, etc. Fairmoui.t, in the\\nsoutheast; population, 250; school- building, valued at $700; church edifice,\\nvalued at $1,500; gram elevators; business houses; hotels, etc. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $50,000. Fort Abercrom-\\nbie, on the Red River, north of Wahpeton; population, 200; school-build-\\ning, valued at $600; congregational church edifice, valued at $1,500; busi-\\nness houses; hotels, etc. Hankinson, in the south; population, 160; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $1,000; congregational church edifice, valued at $2,000;\\nartesian well; grain elevators; business houses; hotels, etc. Lidgerwood,\\nin the southwest; population, 150; school- building, valued at $800; catho-\\nlic church edifice; grain elevators; business houses; hotels, etc. Walcott,\\nin the north; population, 100; school- building, valued at $1,000; artesian\\nwell, etc. Wyndmere, in the west; population, 100; school-building; busi-\\nness houses; hotels, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized tdwnships, twenty-four; school population, 2,271;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, eighty-six; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, nine; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $38.72;\\nfemales, $33.51; value of all school property, $58,402; expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $41,661.20; cash remaining\\nin school treasury, June 30, 1886, $11,001.53; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30,1886, $19,100; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$4,768.42.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and| f ul\\nAsses.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n606\\n4.127\\n4,359\\n4,983\\n47 1 762 183\\n360\\n2,554\\n3,034\\n2,801\\n346 7,230\\n587 8,370\\n652 I 10,277\\n1,353\\n2,109\\n1.861\\n369,466\\n490,705\\n495,492", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "452\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n9 782,152\\n2.066,247\\n2,676,880\\n2.812,307\\n1\\nS 315,656\\n452.979\\n504,552\\n554,025\\n9 1,097 808\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n589.236\\n611,876\\n649.275\\nI 351,956\\n363.427\\n444^27\\n3,240.648\\n4,035.564\\n4.306,451\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n1885.\\n1887.\\n184,753\\n1,510 015\\n1,161,996\\n845\\n19.486\\n82 500\\n63,243\\n798,635\\n1,038,653\\nnone\\n2,448\\n2 000\\nnone\\n521\\n1,500\\n15,330\\n41,894\\n95,826\\nnone\\n15,024\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880,3,597; 1885, 9,043. Lands improved, 1880,\\n14,743 acres; 1885, 144,862 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 265; 1885, 1,418.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, fifty-six acres; 1885, 102 acres. Average as-\\nsessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.33. Potato crop, 1885, 88 962 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 7,331 pounds, Dairy and other farm products 1885: milk,\\n3,055 gallons; butter, 223,525 pounds; cheese, 6,873 pounds; eggs, 158,619\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff.\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCommissioners.\\nA. E. Sunderhauf\\nOle K. Ulsaker\\nJ. H. Miller\\nJ. W. Cope\\nJ. R. Buxton\\nJ. M. Rusrfflea.\\nR. H. Snyder\\nWm. M. House\\nJ. W. Blinding\\nhas. Wiensma\\nPeter S. Larson\\nB. Bakken\\nFritz Wessel\\nJohn McMillan, (chairman).\\nTheo. Doerr\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nWahpeton\\nAbercrombie.\\nKongsberg\\nFarmington...\\nStiles\\nWahpeton\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887\\nBarrie\\nChristine\\nColfax\\nDwight\\nFairmount...\\nFarmington.\\nFort Abercrombie |Tower\\nHankinson Wahpeton\\nKloeppel\\nKongsberg...\\nLidgerwood\\nMooreton\\nWalcott\\nWyndmere.\\nRINEHAKT COUNTY.\\nCreated March 9, 1883.\\nRinehart county is situated in western Dakota, and north of the\\n45th degree ot lititude. It is within the boundaries of the Great Sioux\\nIndian reservation. See article on the \u00c2\u00bb-ioux reservation elsewhere.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 453\\nROBERTS COUNTY.\\nArea, 800,000 acres. Created, March 8, 1883, from parts of Grant and\\nRichland. Boundaries changed, February 2, 1885 parts to Grant and\\nRichland. Organized, August 1, 1883, by the appointment, by the Gov-\\nernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Charles Cressy, Fred W.\\nDittes, and R. R. Hall.\\nRoberts county is situated in eastern Dakota, on the Minnesota state\\nline immediately south of the 7th standard parallel. The Minnesota\\nriyer and the north branch of Whetstone creek, are the principal streams\\nof the county. The county boundary on the east runs through the center\\nof lakes Traverse and Big Stone, for a distance of fifty miles. Both of the\\nlakes named have an extraordinary length, as compared with their width\\nand are navigable for steamers of considerable size. Lake Traverse is\\nthe virtual head of the Red River of the North, and Big Stone is the source\\nof the Minnesota, or St. Peters river. A number of other lakes, ponds,\\nand marshes dot the surface of Roberts county. The largest of these in-\\nterior sheets of water are, Dry Wood lake on the western boundary, and\\nBull Head lake, a few miles west of Big Stone. Surface, of the west-\\nern portion, the hilly elevations of the Coteau region; of the country be-\\ntween the Coteaus, and the eastern boundary, gently rolling prairie and\\nfine agricultural lands. Soil, of the prairies, a deep, black loam, enriched\\nby a considerable admixture of lime. All of Roberts county, except\\nabout six townships in the southeast, and a few sections in the northeast,\\nis contained within the boundaries of the Lake Traverse, or Sisseton and\\nWahpeton Indian reservation.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul, (main\\nline,) twelve miles; stations: Summit, Sand Cut; (Whetstone branch,)\\ntwenty-three miles; station: Wilmot. Total, thirty-five miles; Chicago,\\nMilwaukee St. Paul railway, (Fargo Southern line,) one mile; station:\\nWhite Rock. Total miles of railroad in county, thirty-six.\\nVacant public lands, 2,230 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nWilmot, at Wilmot, Win. M. Sargent, president; W. J. Speer, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDakota Sun, San Publishing Company, publishers, Travare; Roberts\\nCounty Record, W. G. Ashton, publisher, Wilmot. Reporter, Fuller\\nPerkins, publishers, Wilmot.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWilmot, in the south, is the county seat. It has a population of 300;\\nschool-buikling, valued at $1,800; methodistand presbyterian church edi-\\nfices, valued at $5,000; court-house and jail, valued at $4,500. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real, $35,000; personal, $30,000; total,\\n$65,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nCorona, in the south; population, thirty; school-building, valued at $500;\\ngrain elevator; business houses, etc, Geneva, on Big Stone lake; popula-\\ntion, fifty; school-building, valued at $1,000; grain elevator; hotels; busi-\\nness houses, etc. Travare, north of Wilmot; population, seventy-five;\\nschool-building, valued at $500; flour-mill, valued at $10,000; general stores,\\netc. White Rock, in the northeast; population fifty; school-building,\\nvalued at $800; grain elevators; general stores; hotels, etc.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, six; school population, 591; number of\\nschool-houses in district, twenty one number of school-houses built in 1886,\\nsix; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $28.43; females, $24.26; value\\nof all school property, $11,565.00; expended for school purposes during\\nyear ending June 30, 1886, $11,012.09; ca^h remaining in school treasury,\\nJune 30, 1886, $1,351.62; par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $11,750.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.;\\namount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $2,717.13.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "454\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\ni Horses.\\nMules andj\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n909\\n1.058\\n1,077\\n36\\n38\\n85\\n1\\n1,905\\n2,270\\n2,461\\n432\\n534\\n622\\n692\\n686\\n534\\n8 72,378\\nL 82,054\\n85, 037\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nTown Lots Personal Prop- T assessed\\nvaluation, erty valuation, comity\\n1885\\n51647\\n75,395\\n106,870\\n192.621\\n257 410\\n340,089\\n9 22.988\\n27,650\\n33 692\\n8 50,669\\n72,109\\n52,660\\n338 656\\n439.223\\n511.478\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n250.142\\n22,765\\n114,374\\n350\\n195\\n11,205\\n110,250\\n34,450\\n74,750\\nnone\\nnone\\n10.440J\\n3,000\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarlev.T\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 2,154. Lands improved, 1885,\\n29,430 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 454. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nsixty-five acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.18.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, \u00c2\u00a323,172. Potato crop, 1885, 18,307 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 2,058 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 67,737 pounds; cheese, 375 pounds; eggs, 44,398 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPiCE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nD. Eastman\\nWm. McKusick\\nM. W. Gorman\\nWilmoi\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nWilmot\\nClerk District Court\\nW. G. Ashton\\nWilmot\\nProbate Judge\\nF. A. Countrjman\\nWilniot\\nRegister of Deeds\\nD. Eastman\\nWilmot\\nAttornev\\nGeo. E. Mattioe\\nWilmot\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nE. S. Ireland\\nD. M. White\\nWilmot\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nf\\nWilmot\\nJ. H. Whitford\\nE. G Merriam, (chairman)\\nJacob Webb\\nMoses Mireau\\nvVilmot\\nTravare\\nCommissioners\\nWilmot\\nGeneva\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCorona\\njOsceola Travare\\nGeneva\\n|Sisseton Agency 1 White Rock.....\\nLockwood,\\niStaveley Wilmot\\nROLETTE COUNTY\\nCreated, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 8, 1883, part to Towner; changed again, March 11, 1887. Organized,\\nNovember 6, 1885, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n455\\ncommissioners, viz.: James Malloy, Jasper Fearnot, and Arthur Foussard.\\nRolette county is situated in north Dakota, on the International bound-\\nary line, east of the Souris, or Mouse river. The only important stream\\nof the county is the Willow river. Numerous lakes, ponds, and springs in\\nthe Turtle Mountains of the north, and elsewhere in the county, furnish\\na good supply of water. In the north, covering the Turtle Mountains,\\nthere is a considerable growth of native timber, consisting of oak, ash, elm,\\ncherry, birch, and other varieties. Coal is found in these mountains, and\\nan excellent quality of building- stone. The Turtle Mountains, the most\\nnoticeable surface feature of the county, is a range of hills about forty\\nmiles long by twenty miles broad, lying two-thirds in Dakota and the\\nother third in Canada. The mountains on the Dakota side of the\\nInternational boundary line, are contained within the noithern limits\\nof Bottineau and Rolette counties. They rise to an elevation\\nof a few hundred feet above the surrounding prairie, and are surmounted\\nby one or two peaks of somewhat greater altitude. The south side of the\\nmountains descends in gentle rolls, and is covered w T ith excellent pastur-\\nage Numerous small streams, fed by springs, flow down the gorges of\\nthe hills. Surface, of the county, irom its southern boundary to the Tur-\\ntle Mountains, a gently rolling prairie. Soil, black, rich loam,\\nreaching to a depth of several feet. Sub-soil, clay. Brick clay, potters\\nclay, and limestone abound.\\nVacant public lands, 249.600 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nHerald, C. I. F. Wagner, publisher, Dunseith; Turtle Mountain Times,\\nB. W. Lair, editor and publisher, Dunseith; Journal, H. D. Wilcox, pub-\\nlisher, St. Johns.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSt. Johns, in the northeast, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n150; school-building, valued at $1,500; catholic church edifice, valued at\\n$2,500; court-house; saw-mill; business houses; hotels, etc.\\nAssessed valuation town property, 1886, real, $8,000; personal, $20,000;\\ntotal, $28,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nDunseith, w r est of the center; population, 150; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,300; flour-mill, valued at $5, 000; saw-mill; brewery; pottery;\\nbusiness houses; hotels, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886,\\nreal and personal, $13,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, five; school population, 342; number of\\nschool-houses in district, five; number of school-houses built in 1886, five;\\naverage monthly pay of teachers, males, $33.33; females, $25.50; value of all\\nschool property, $3,583.15; expended for school purposes during year\\nending June 30,1886, $4,671.11; cash remaining in school treasury, June\\n30, 1886, $3,808.22; par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$6,576; average rate of interest paid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of\\nschool warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $1,549.95.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules\\nAsses\\nand\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n412\\n685\\n731\\n17\\n10\\n30\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i\\n842\\n1,206\\n1,504\\n1\\n14\\n11\\n47\\n276\\n402\\n465\\n41,050\\n83,179\\n96 348\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\n^ar. AC a f e eal Valuation.\\nTown fcots Personal Prop-\\nvaluation, erty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n2,925 6,368\\n9,133 34,509\\n27,122 91,453\\n9 12,577\\n18,866\\n38,215\\n35,815\\n76,812\\n78,061\\n8 95,810\\n213,365\\n304,077", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "456\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for rears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in I\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n6,957\\n10\\n16,792\\n4,195\\n132,000\\n2,280\\n229,130\\n255\\n31,500\\n400\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885,2,232. Lands improved, 1885,\\n5,424 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 414. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nthirteen acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.37. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $16,057. Potato crop, 1885, 11,731 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, twenty-five pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter,\\n4,400 pounds; cheese, forty-five pounds; eggs, 2,775 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor\\nC. J. Partridge\\nThos. Heske h\\nThos. C. Flvnii\\nF. F. Phillips\\nM ses Labountj\\nR. Lvman\\nSt. Johns\\nSheriff...\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nDunseith\\nSt. Johns\\nSt. Johns\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools...\\nT. T. Tillotson\\nSt. John J\\nJohn E. Brown\\n(lustave Deschents\\nSt. Johns\\nDunseith\\nCoroner\\nStephen Ho\\\\vnrd...\\nOle E. Peterson\\nJohn Cain, (chairman)\\nPatrick Forrest\\nAlfred Nattrass\\nDunseith\\nDunseith\\nCommissioners\\nSt. Johns\\nDunseith\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBenoit Hurricane Lake Saint Johns.\\nBoydton Island Lake\\nDunseith La ureal\\nSANBORN COUNTY.\\nArea, 368,640 acres. Created, March 9, 1883, from parts of Aurora and\\nMiner. Organized June 23, 1883, by the appointment, by the Governor,\\nof the following commissioners, viz.: Hiram Roder, John Tannehill, and\\nSamuel J. Mitchell.\\nSanborn, a James river valley couniy, is situated in southern Dakota,\\non the 44th degree of latitude, and about midway between the Missouri\\nriver on the west, and the Big Sioux river on the east. Principal stream\\nis the James river, which flows in a southerly direction through the\\ncenter of the county. This river with its affluents, Redstone, Silver, and\\nother creeks, afford ample drainage facilities. Long lake, a marshy body\\nof water about nine miles in length, by from one half-mile to two miles in\\nwidth, is a noted feature of the county. It lies a few miles southeast of\\nWoonsocket. Surface, generally, a gently rolling prairie. Numerous\\nlake beds are found, here and there. The bluffs along the James are high,\\nand add much to the beauty of the country. The distance between the\\nbluffs on each side of this stream is, in some places, considerable afford-\\ning a laree area of extremely fertile bottom lands. Soil, chiefly, a black", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 457\\nvegetable mold, though in some places, it is of a more sandy nature.\\nIt averages from eighteen inches to two feet in depth, and is underlayed\\nthroughout by a clay sub-soil.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(James River line,) twenty miles; stations: Woonsocket, Letcher; (main\\nline,) twenty-three miles stations: Artesian City, Forestburgh, Woon-\\nsocket. Total, forty-three miles.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nDiana, at Artesian City, W. G. Williams, president; E. H. May, cashier.\\nCameron Bios Bank* at Artesian City, J. B. Cameron, cashier. Sanborn\\nCounty *Bank, at Woonsocket, Geo. W. Corkings. president; Leon L Stev-\\nens, cashier. Citizens Bank, at Woonsocket, E. S. Rowley, president;\\nW. M. Sheldon, cashier. Bank of Woonsocket, at Woonsocket, Ed. L.\\nBaker, president; Chas. E. Hinds, cashier.\\nnewspapers.\\nThe Blade. H. E. Mayhew editor, Letcher; Times, Kanouse Folsom,\\npublishers, Woonsocket; News, Frank Kelley, publisher, Woonsocket;\\nDakota Immigration Journal, Frank Kelley, editor, L. F. Shaffer, mana-\\nger, AVoonsocket; The Advocate, H. S. Douglas, editor, Artesian City.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nWoonsocket. in the west, is the county seat. It has a population of 900;\\nschool-building, valued at $12,000; presbyterian, methodist, episcopal,\\nunited presbyterian and catholi .lurch edifices, valued at $10, 000; pub-\\nlic buildings, valued at $3,500; flour-mill, valued at $30,000; creamery;\\nbrick-yards; wagon and carriage factory; furniture factory; pork packing\\nestablishment. Assessed valuation city property, 1S87, real, $120,000; per-\\ngonal, $58,000; total, $184.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nArtesian City, in the east: population, 400; school-buildings, valued at\\n$1,500; methodist and presbyterian church edifices, valued at $5,000;\\nwater- works (artesian) system; flour-mill, etc. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886 re\u00c2\u00ab! and personal, $90,000. The place derives its name\\nfrom the number of artesian wells, flowing in the vicinity. Forest-\\nhurgh, on the James river; population, 150; presbyterian church\\nedifice, valued at $2,000; school- building, valued at $1,560; business houses;\\nhotels, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1880, real and personal,\\n$20,000. Letcher, in the southwest; population, 100; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,500; congregational church edifice; artesian well; feed-mill,\\ngenera] stores; grain ware-houses, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $46,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, sixteen; school population, 1,029; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, fifty-six; number of school- houses built\\nin 1886, ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $28.37; females,\\n$27.30; value of all school property, $41,470.77; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during the year ending June 30, 1886, $22,564.95; cash remaining\\nm school treasury, June 30, 1886, $1,353.76; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding, June 30, 1886, $39,400 00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$6,835.30.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTCS.\\nYear. I Horsed. Mu j!La and Cattle. Sheep. Swine, j Valuation.\\nAsses.\\n1885 1.783 133 3,978 1.467 2.227 I 175.331\\n1886 2.131 126 4.748 957 1638 136.241\\n1887 2,458 96 i 6.121 i 1,974 i 1.949 162.143", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "458\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n[Personal Prop- 1 1 1 1\\nerty valuation. l v lon of\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n142,500\\n158.983\\n185.319\\n580,680\\n569,042\\n678.937\\n132,136\\n140,966\\n123,767\\n136,952\\n171.945\\n95,865\\n1,025,099\\n1,018,194\\n1,060,712\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nnone\\nnone\\n120,127\\n131,512\\n198.897\\n381\\n1,402\\n7,063\\n372,720\\n649.600\\n357 840\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\ni none\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n15,000\\n3,000\\n74,700\\n85,260\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 4,106. Lands improved, 1885,\\n45,300 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 752. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nsixty acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.66. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $12,114. Potato crop, 1885, 34,784 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 5,869 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 3,050 gal-\\nlons; butter, 88,084 pounds; eggs, 42,364 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFPICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\n.Name.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Ij. M Kintner\\nTreasurer jChas. C Hayes....\\nSheriff W. N. Sevev\\nClerk District Court David S. Dunk el.\\nWoonsocket....\\nWoonsocket....\\nWoonsocket....\\nWoonsocket....\\nR. M. Church (Artesian City..\\nJ. M. Kintner Woonsocket....\\nJohn E. Whiting Artesian City..\\nH. A. Mose\u00c2\u00ab Woonsocket....\\nSurveyor jA. McGillvray Forestburgh\\nCoroner A. V. Bonesteel Forestburgh.\\nAssessor J. E. Olson |Brisbiue\\nf Wra. H. McKeel, (chairman) Artesian City..\\nI jGib. Dziewanowski Woonsocket....\\nCommissioners 1 01e J. Norarn Artesian City..\\nGeo. Brodrick Letcher\\niJ. Rubenda 1 lArtesian Citv.\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds..\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools..\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCallihan\\nCornell\\nForestburgh\\nAmbov\\nFarns worth\\nBrisbine\\nFarvvell\\nWoonsocket\\nSARGENT CONNTY.\\nArea, 552,980 acres. Created March 3, 1883. Boundaries changed,\\nMarch 8, 1883, part to Hyde. Organized, August 1, 1883, by the appoint-\\nment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz. John R.\\nHerring, C. C. Newman, and B. G. Haskell.\\nSargent is a county of eastern Dakota,, north of the 7th standard par-\\nallel, and the second west of the Minnesota state line. The principal", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "RESOUKCES OF DAKOTA. 459\\nstream of the county, is the Wdd Rice river, which heads in the southeast\\nportion around the swell of land of which Airy M )und is the highest ele-\\nvation, and flow-* northeast into Richland county. Sargent courity has\\nwithin its bDrders, m my lake-?, pm U, and marshes. The largest sheets\\nof water, are lake Tewaukon on the n rthern edge of the Indian reserva-\\ntion, which covers about 1,000 acres, and lake Kandiotta, about ten miles\\nnorthwest, covering some 500 acres. Both are beautiful and picturesque in\\ntheir surroundings. Near Milnor, are four or five lakes with areas vary-\\ning from 160 to 400 acres each. In the northwest are two extensive but\\nsomewhat marshy lakes one known as lake Dill. At other points, par-\\nticularly in the central and eastern portions, there are many smaller\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2bodies of water. Surface, of the mijor part of Sargent county, is gently\\nrolling prairie, with large tracts of level land. The hilly region surround-\\ning Airy Mound in the southeast, covers an area nearly equal to a\\ncongressional township. The lower course of the Wild Rice river is con-\\nsiderably broken by bluffs and ravines. Around the lakes, near the town\\nof Milnor, the surface is somewhat broken, as also are some of the town-\\nships of the southwest. The Whitestone hills extend into a township of\\nthe same name on the northern boundary, and near the center of the\\ncounty are two or three isolated mounds or but es, rising to a considerable\\nelevation above the prairie. The banks of the Wild Rice river are fringed\\nin many places, with groves of native timber, and a group of sand hills in\\nthe northeast corner of the countv, is covered with a growth of small\\ntrees. Soil, of the prairie, a deep, black loam, underlaid with a\\nsub-soil of clay. About ninety square miles in the southeast part of the\\ncounty, lies within the boundaries of the Lake Traverse, or Sisseton and\\nWahpeton Indian reservation.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (Northern Paci-\\nfic, Fergus Black Hills line,) 10. 1 miles; stations: Milnor, DeLamere.\\nChicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway. (Andover line,) seventeen miles;\\nstations: Sargent, Forman, Harlem. St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba\\nrailway, (Ellendale extension.) thirty-six miles; stations: Geneseo, Sene-\\nca, Rutland, Belle Plain, Brooklane, StraubviJle; (Aberdeen- Rutland ex-\\ntension,) nine miles; stations: Rutland, Sprague Lake, Webber. Total\\nforty-five miles. Minneapolis Pacific railway, (main line,) thirty-six\\nmiles; stations: Ransom, Forman, Nicholson. Total miles of railroad in\\ncounty, 108.1.\\nVacant public lands, 10,340 acres; Watertown land district 4,820 acres;\\nFargo land district, 5,520 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nSargent County, at Milnor, D. F. Vail, president; F. W. Vail, cashier.\\nBank of Forman, at Forman, L. V. Babcock, manager.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Item, A. H. Ellsworth, editor, D. F. Ellsworth Son, publishers,\\nForman; Sargent County Teller. Moore Bros., publishers, Milnor; Rustler,\\nJ. F. Rowins, editor, Sargent.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nForman, west of the center, is the county seat.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nHarlem, north of Forman; schools; church organizations; grain eleva-\\ntors; business houses; hotels, etc. Milnor, in the north; population, 500;\\nschool-building, valued at $2,200; presbyterian, methodist, and lutheran\\nchurch edifices, valued at $0, 000; grain elevators and ware-houses; tele-\\nphone; flour-mill, projected. Assessed valuation city property. 1886, real\\nand personal, $133,067. Rutland, southeast of the center; population, 250;\\nschool-building, valued af $1\u00c2\u00bb500; church organizations; artesian well,\\nvalued at $1,500; grain elevators; business houses; hotels, etc. Ransom, in\\nthe east; population, 100; school-building, valued at $1,000; church organi-\\nzations; business houses; grain elevators, etc. Sargent, south of Forman;\\npopulation, seventy-five; school- building; church organizations; grain ele-\\nvators; business houses; hotels, etc.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "460\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, sixteen; school population, 822;\\nnumber of school- houses in district, thirty-three; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, seven; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $35.37;\\nfemales, $31.35; value of all school property, $32,222.00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $11,827.24; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $2,218.37; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $29,650.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, seven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $3,181.34.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1\\nHorses.\\nI Mules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle. Sheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,020\\n1,364\\n1,883\\n1 139\\n168\\n154\\n1\\n1,972 122\\n2,586 358\\n3,180 445\\n361\\n792\\n869\\n8 121,021\\n159,833\\n195,880\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\n185,885\\n206,101\\n246,006\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n747,157\\n743,125\\n962,007\\n87,687\\n79,370\\n96,757\\nPers onal Prop-I^/ 8 e ft d\\n87.399\\n108 320\\n170.256\\n1,043.264\\n1.090,648\\n1.424,900\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\nlfc85.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nnone\\nnone\\n244 024\\n6,155\\n161.181\\n2,980\\n1.334\\n1,218\\n765,000\\n12 000\\nOats\\nRve\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nnone\\nnone\\nnoue\\nj none\\n1 none\\n800 000\\n4,375\\n1,500\\n51.800\\n7.500\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885,3,234; Lands improved, 1885,\\n47,419 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 1,029. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nforty-six acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.91\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $15,063. Potato crop, 1885, 29,652 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 576 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: but-\\nter, 494,020 pounds; eggs, 31,419 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\n1\\nAuditor\\nChas. Afdem\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nF. G. Bartlett\\nJohn VV r Christian\\nMilnor\\nForman\\nProbate Judge\\nA. Wells\\nRegister of Deeds\\nA. F. Price\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nS. A. Danford\\nSurveyor\\nH. A Soule\\nBrampton\\nCoroner\\nJ. G. Ecker\\nAssessor\\nr\\nOle F.Johnson\\nT. W. Nicholson (chairman)\\nMilnor\\nCommissioners -j\\nE. W. Barton\\nI\\nZ. O. Patten\\nRandolph Holdiug\\nRansom", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA 461\\nLIST OF POSTOF FICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBrampton Hamlin i Ransom\\nCayuga Harlem Ripley\\nDeLamere Havana Rutland\\nDunbar Kanrliotta Sargent\\nFosman Milnor Teuaukon\\nGeneseo Nicholson Veruer\\nSCHNASSE COUNTY.\\nCreated March 9, 1883.\\nSchnasse is a county of central Dakota, west of the Missouri river and\\nsouth of the Cannon Bali river. It is entirely within the boundaries of\\nthe Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation\\nelsewhere in this publication.\\nSCOBEY COUNTY.\\nCreated March 8, 1883.\\nScobey county is situated in southwestern Dakota, between the 44th\\nand 45th degrees of latitude, and is entirely within the boundaries of the\\nGreat Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation\\nelsewhere in this publication.\\nSHANNON COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 11, 1875. from original territory.\\nShannon county is situa ed in the southwestern part of the Territory,\\non the Nebraska boundary line, and lies entirely within the boundaries\\nof the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reserva-\\ntion elsewhere in this publication.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nPine Ridge Agency Wo nded Knee\\nSHERIDAN COUNTY\\nCreated, January 4, 1873, from part of Buffalo. Boundaries changed ia\\n1883, part to McLean; changed again March 11, 1887. Unorganized.\\nSheridan county is situated in the central part of northern Dakota.\\nThere are no streams of any considerable size in this county.\\nNumerous lakes in the western part, and the many lakes, ponds and\\nsprings of the Coteaus, furnish an ample supply of excellent water. Sur-\\nface, undulating prairie, and broken and hilly elevations of the Plateau\\ndu Coteau du Missouri, which traverse the county, diagonally, from the\\ncenter of the northern boundary to the southeast corner. The surface\\nformations, the rich quality of the soil, producing, as it does, the finest of\\nnatural grasses, and the many springs and sheltered nooks of the Coteaus,\\nmake the lands of Sheridan county especially desirable for farming and\\nstock-raising purposes.\\nVacant public lands. 348,100 acres.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none: 1885, forty.\\nSPINK COUNTY\\nArea, 907,680 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Hanson.\\nBoundaries changed February 22, 1879. Organized July 22, 1879, by the\\nappointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nJames B. Churchill, Geo. M. Bowman, and Charles Foster.\\nSpink, a James river valle) county, is situated in southern Dakota, on\\nthe 45th degree of latitude, midway between the Missouri river, on the\\nwest, and the Minnesota state line, on the east. Principal streams are the\\nJames river, which flows through the county from north to south; the", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "462 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nTurtle river, flowing from the southwest; Snake creek, from the north-\\nwest, and Timber creek, which drains the eastern townships into the\\nJames river. Two or three smaller streams flow into the James, thorough-\\nly draining all portions of Spink county. The county has within its boun-\\ndaries a number of small lakes and ponds. The great Coteaus of the Mis-\\nsouri and the James rivers extend in two immense semi-circles, with their\\nconvex sides facing, through the county, and, at Redfield approach with-\\nin about eight miles of each other. To the north and south of this point\\nthe surface assumes the shape of two grand basins, both of which, proba-\\nbly, were once the beds ol iresh water lakes. These basins consist of\\nbeautiful, undulating prairie, with a rich, black, loamy soil, of inexhaus-\\ntible fertility.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(James river line,) forty-two miles; stations: Bright, Mellette, Ashton,\\nRedfield, Tulare, Spottswood. Chicago Northwestern railway, (Huron-\\nOakes line,) forty-five miles; stations: Crandon, Redfield, Athol, North-\\nville; Watertown-Faulkton line,) thirty-six miles; stations: Doland,\\nFrankfort, Redfield: (Doland extension,) twenty-four miles; stations:\\nDol md, Turton, Coral. Total, 105 miles. Total miles of railroad in county,\\n147.\\nVacant public lands, 960 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are twelve banks doing business in this county, as follows: First\\nNational Bank, at Ashto S. F. Hammond, president; F. W. Kammann,\\ncashier. James Valley Bank, at Ashton, M. F. Scofield, president; Rob-\\nert T. Lang, cashier. Billinghurst Bros., at Ashton, B. R. Hawley, cashier.\\nBank of Athol, at Athol, S. Horton, president. Bank of Doland, at Do-\\nland, F. H. Doland, president; W. L McMaster, cashier. First National\\nBank, at Doland, O. W. Barlow, president; S. E. Morris, cashier. James\\nRiver Bank, at Frankfort, Frank Drew, preside tit; S. Drew, cashier.\\nBank of Mellette, at Mellette, John Gange, president; A. J. Gauge, cashier.\\nBank of North ville, at North ville, B. A. Bissell, president. Bank of Red-\\nfield, at Redfield, D. R. Miller, cashier. First National Bank, at Redfield,\\nW. W. Taylor, president; H. M. Benedict, cashier. Spink County Bank,\\nat Redfield, H. H. Wood, president; F. A. Dawes, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nSpink County Leader, C. L. Downey and C. M. Downey, editors and\\npublishers, Ashton; Tribune, H. S. Woodworth, editor, Crandon; Record,\\nGeddes Lane, editors and publishers, ODoland; Times, Len V. Doty,\\npublisher, Doland; The Advocate, W. B. Tapley, editor and publisher,\\nFrankfort; Spink County News, Chas. E. Foster, publisher, Mellette;\\nTribune, C. M. Howe Son, publishers, F. A. Howe, editor, Mellette;\\nThe Advance, John Bushell, editor, Northville; Independent, F. E. Pierce,\\npublisher, Northville; Journal, Journal Publishing Co., publishers, Red-\\nfield; Dispatch, H. L. Henry, editor and publisher, Redfield; Dakota\\nMethodist, 0. S. Basford, editor and publisher, Redfield.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nRedfield, on the Turtle river, is the couoty seat. It has a population of\\n1,500; five church edifices, valued at $10,000; court-house and city hall, val-\\nued at $15,000; water- works (artesian) system, valued at $10,000; flour-mills,\\nvalued at $35,000; creamery, valued at* $6, (XX); opera-house; wood-working\\nestablishment, etc. Assessed valuation city property, 1887, real, $140, 000;\\npersonal, $105. *i0; total, $245,000. The congregational college is located\\nat Redfield. Fo: a description of the institution, see page 220 of this pub-\\nlication.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAshton, on the James river; population, 1,000; school-building, valued\\nat $5,000; church edifices, valued at $5,0 X); city buildings, valued at $L0,-\\n000; water- works (artesian) system, valued at $9,000; flour-mill, valued at\\n$25,000; brick-yards. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and\\npersonal, $159,000. Athol, in the west; population, H00; school- building,\\nvalued at $4,000; congregational church edifh e, valued at $2,000; brewery,\\nvalued at $6,000; telephone. Crandon, southeast of Redfield; population,", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n463\\n250; school-building, valued at $500; rnethodist church edifice, valued at\\n$2,000; flour-mill. Doland, in the east; population, 500; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,200; rnethodist church edifice, valued at $3,500; grain eleva-\\ntors; business houses; hotels, etc. Frankfort, on the James river; popu-\\nlation, 500; school-building; church organizations; water-power; grain ele-\\nvators, etc; artesian well projected. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886,real and personal, $80,000. Mellette, in the north; population, 250;\\nschool-building, valued at $1,200; presbyterian and rnethodist church\\nedifices, valued at $4,000; grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886, real and personal, $104,000. North ville, in the northwest;\\npopulation, 300; school-building, valued at $1,200; rnethodist church\\nedifice, valued at $1,000; grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation town\\nproperty, 1886, real and personal, $65, 00. Tulare, south of Redfield;\\npopulation, 150; school-building; church organizations; grain elevators;\\nbusiness houses; hotels, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, nineteen; school population, 2,993;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, 127 number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, twenty-two; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $36.62; fe-\\nmales, $31.12; value of all school property $104,640. 06; expended for school\\npurposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $66, -04. 77; cash remaining\\nin school treasury, June 30, 1886, $8,278.73; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $99,300; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\nseven per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$6,864.42.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep. Swine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n174\\n5,043\\n6.875\\n6,733\\n25\\n461\\n497\\n518\\n290\\n6,530\\n8.207\\n9,205\\n2,-500\\n4,951\\n5,147\\n2,873\\n4,471\\n2.858\\n8 450,948\\n564,597\\n546.906\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n469,805\\n506,083\\n543,363\\n1,743\\n1,787 126\\n1,837,665\\n1,713,887\\n295,350\\n314,171\\n361,455\\nI 8.132\\n510,198\\n676,038\\n621,602\\nS 9,875\\n3,043 622\\n3.392,471\\n3,263,850\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for vears 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\n1\\nj none\\n1,616,449\\n266,918\\n740,675\\n2J73\\n508\\n96,172\\n2,550,000\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarlev\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n1 none\\nnone\\n510,000\\n1,200,000\\n4,800\\n1,000\\n217,500\\nFlax\\n1 none\\n164.997\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 477; 1885, 10,446. Lands improved, 1880,\\n4,335 acres; 1885, 219,471 acres. Number of farms, 1880. ninety; 1885,\\n2,358. Average size of farms, 1880, for ry-eight acres; 1885. ninety-three\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.15. Countv indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $4,341. Potato crop, 1885, 107,638 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n22,788 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 5,539 gallons;\\nbutter, 277,905 pounds; cheese, 1,725 pounds; eggs, 122.049 dozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "464 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. I P. O. Address.\\nI i\\nAuditor J. M. eidlernan... Redfiell\\nTreasurer ^C. G. Wiuchell Redfield\\nSheriff M. J. Starr iRedfield\\nClerk District Court H. L. Henry Redfield\\nProbate Judge |Isaac Howe Redfield\\nRegister of Deeds B. Goodwin, Jr RedhVld\\nAttorney Thos. Sterling Northville\\nSuperinlendeut of Schools Read Matheney Ash ton\\nSurveyor |\\\\V. H. Hedges Redfield\\nCoroner ...J. P. Hinckley Tulare\\nAssessor J. B. Churchill Armalale\\nf|J. F. Huggins Beotia\\nA. J Tuihill Franktort\\nCommissioners -J J. VV. Switzer Alioona\\nJohn Bnshell Northville\\nJj. E. Labrie, Jr Doland\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, J\\nL887.\\nArmadale\\nDo aud\\nFrankfort\\nRidge\\nRose\\nAshton\\nAthol\\nBeotia\\nIrving\\nLaDelle\\nSpottswood\\nSumner\\nTetonka\\nBoz\\nBright\\nMellette\\nNorthville\\nCDFIBI.D\\nCrandiui\\nSTANLEY COUNTY.\\nCreated. January 8, 1873, from original territory. Boundaries\\nchanged, January 11, 1875; changed again March 9, 1883,* part to Pyatt.\\ntfnorganized.\\nStanley county is situated in the central part of southern Dakota, on the\\nwest bank of the Missouri river. It is entirely within the boundaries of\\nGreat Sioux Indian reservation, See article on the Sioux reservation in\\no .v-rv.ov port f -1 !i tion.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFIC ES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nC 77 1 cr-rr ieTre) .7. Fort Bennett 77777. 77\\nSTARK COUNTY.\\nCreated, February 10, 1879, from original territory. Boundaries\\nchanged, March 9, 1883, part to Hettinger; changed again, March 10, 1887,\\npart to Morton, and part from Villard. Organized, May 1, 1883, by the\\nappointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.:\\nHorace I. Dickinson, Jas. Col ister, Janes Y. Campbell.\\nStark county is situated in western Dako a, south of the 47th degree of\\nlatitude, and the second county east of the Montana boundary. Principal\\nstream is the Heart river, which, with its many smaller tributaries, drain\\nthe central and southeastern portion-*. The northeastern part of the\\ncounty is drained by branches of the Big Knife river. The Green river\\nwaters the northwestern section of the county. Numerous springs are\\nscattered throughout its area, and considerable native timber grows along\\nthe banks of all the streams. Lignite coal abounds in many locali-\\nties, and sandstone outcrops occasionally. Surface, high, rolling prairie,\\nriver valleys, level prairie, with a few isolated buttes and\\nEeaks. The country adjacent to the streams, is marked by a line of low\\nluffs, which sweep away in a rolling prairie. In the western part of\\nStark county the surface rolls in beautiful and more regular undulations.\\nSoil, a rich loam, growing the finest and most nutritious native forage.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n465\\nThe lands of Stark county\u00e2\u0080\u0094 with their supply of springs and brooks, are\\npeculiarly fitted for agricultural pursuits, and stock growing.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, 46.9 miles; sta-\\ntions: Antelope, Richardton, Taylor, Gladstone, Dickinson, Eland, South\\nHeart, Belfield. Total, 46. w miles.\\nVacant public lands, 266,240 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Stark\\nCounty Bank, at Dickinson, H. J. Whitley, president; A. Hilliard, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPress, J. T. Scott, editor and publisher,\\naid, Chas. Wilson, publisher, Gladstone.\\nDickinson Stark County Her-\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nDickinson, on the Heart river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 700; school-building, valued at $2,200; catholic and baptist church edi-\\nfices, valued at $3,000; court-house and jail, valued at $15,000. A good\\nquality of lignite coal is mined in the vicinity of Dickinson.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBelfield, in the west; population fifty; schools; church edifice, etc.\\nGladstone, east of Dickinson; population, 400; school-building, valued at\\n$700; congregational and methodist church edifices, valued at $3,000; flour-\\nmill, valued at $20,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and\\npersonal, $54,000. Richardton, in the northeast; population, 100; school-\\nbuilding, valued at $800; church edifice, valued at $2,000; water-works\\nsystem, valued at $10,000; creamery. Lignite coal is found in the vicinity\\nof Richardton. Assessed valuation town property, 1887, real and personal,\\n$25,015. South Heart, in the west schools; general stores, etc. Lignite\\ncoal is mined in the vicinity of the town. Taylor, between Gladstone and\\nRichardton; schools; general stores; hotel, etc.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, ei^ht; school population, 391; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, four; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, three; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $36.00; females,\\n$29.80; value of all school property, $4,500.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $6,492.44; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886. $639.24; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $3,20 .00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$57.50.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules andj\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep. Swine.\\nValuation.\\n18*5\\n1886\\n1887\\n407\\n473\\nl/)84\\n38\\n740\\n1958\\n3,508\\n53\\n145\\n240\\n510\\n266\\n9 36,506\\n93,558\\n115,424\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nA.cres Real\\nEstate.\\n56.204\\n66.363\\n284,933\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal\\nvaluation\\ncounty.\\nof\\n1S9.076\\n183,550\\n730 811\\n18 216\\n155,626\\n203.059\\n49.162\\n85,399\\n83.939\\n242.960\\n518.133\\n1.138,233", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "466\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nFAEM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\n1885.\\n1887.\\nnone\\n18,538\\n82,676\\nnone\\n4,776\\n7,650\\nnone\\n94,309\\n90,714\\nnone\\n20\\n286\\nnone\\n198\\n56\\nnone\\n2,069\\n5,475\\nnone\\n320\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 1,507. Lands improved, 1885,\\n11,480 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 419. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntwenty-seven acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.56.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $15,000. Potato crop, 1885, 38,406 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885 709 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk,\\n2,295 gallons; butter, 20,806 pounds; cheese, 318 pounds, eggs, 12,497 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk Geo. Auld\\nTreasurer J. A. Farrah\\nSheriff M. A. Sebastian\\nClerk District Court iC. 1). Briggs\\nProbate Judge J. (i. Campbell\\nRegister of Deed? JGeo. Auld\\nAttorney !Wrr Gibson\\nSuperintendent of Schools JThos. Erans\\nSurveyor J. G. Saunders\\nCoroner [Peter Ellison\\nAssessor John Riessbeck\\n[H. L. Dickinson\\nCommissioners Robert Lee\\nThos. S. Underhill.\\nDickinson...\\nDickinson...\\nDickinson...\\nDickinson...\\nDickioson...\\nDickinson...\\nDickihson...\\nGladstone....\\nGladstone....\\nRichardton.\\nAntelope\\nDickinson....\\nGladstone....\\nAntelope......\\nLIST OP POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAntelope..\\nBelfieid....\\nDickinson\\nGladstone\\nRichardton...\\nSouth Hean.\\nTaylor.\\nSTEELE COUNTY.\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, March 8, 1883, from parts of Traill and\\nGriggs. Organized, June 8, 1883, by the appointment, by the Governor, of\\nthe following commissioners, viz: P. S. McKay, R. W. Berry and Thos.\\nWard.\\nSteele county is situated between the 47th and 48th degrees of latitude,\\nin the northeastern part of the Territory, and is the second county west of\\nthe Minnesota state line. The Goose river flows through two of the north-\\neastern townships, and theSheyenne river touches two of the western\\ntownships. The north, south and middle branches of the Goose river,\\nthoroughly drain the northern and eastern townships. The Maple river\\nflows through the southwestern part. The county has within its borders\\na number of small lakes and ponds. The water, everywhere in the county, is\\nexcellent, being clear and free from alkali. Steele county lies within the\\ngreat wheat belt of the Territory, and has a deep, rich soil, adapted not\\nonly to the raising of wheat, but of all other farm products. Surface, gen-\\nerally, a rolling prairie.\\nMiles of railroad in county. St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\n(Ripon and Hope line,) eight miles; stations: Hope, Colgate.\\nVacant public lands, none.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n4(57\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county as follows: Bank of\\nHope, at Hope.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPioneer. R. H. Simpson, editor and publisher, Hope; Steele County\\nTribune, W. E. Snowden, Jr., editor and publisher, Sherbrooke.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSherbrooke, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n100; school-building; church organizations; public buildings, etc. As-\\nsessed valuation town property, 1880, real and personal, $8,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nColgate, in the south; population fifty; schools, etc. Hope, south of\\nthe center; population, 250; school-buildings, valued at $4,000; congrega-\\ntional church edifice, valued at 12,500; grain elevators; hotels, etc. Assess-\\ned valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $90,000. Pickert,\\nwest of Sherbrooke; general stores; grain warehouses, etc.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, eleven; school population, 795; num-\\nber of school- houses in district, twenty- five; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886. ten; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $40.00; females,\\n$37.00; value of all school property, $19,387.55; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 80, 1886, $7,608 84; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $4,089.78; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $14,000; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$4,725 67.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1G94\\n2,090\\n2,259\\n221\\n277\\n283\\n2,280\\n2,877\\n3.361\\n314\\n368\\n468\\n653\\n1,266\\n1,082\\n153,732\\n210.749\\n156,721\\nTear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate\\nVALUATION STATISTICS\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots j Personal Prop- j\u00e2\u0084\u00a2* 1 ^ff f Se d f\\nvaluation. erty valuation. 1\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n188\u00c2\u00ab\\n1887\\n259,812\\n285.367\\n301.531\\n661,891\\n1,327,830\\n1,615.169\\nS 60.394\\n76,853\\n61,382\\nS 99,361\\n117,702\\n142,347\\nf 975.378\\n1,733.184\\n1.975.619\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBush- Is in Bushels in\\n1880 1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\ni none\\nnone\\n762,230\\n5,537\\nS19.140\\n600\\n975 000\\n11,691\\n509,976\\nRve\\nnone\\n6\\nBuckwheat\\nBarley\\nFlax\\n24 510\\n528\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885. 3,080. Lands improved, 1885,\\n76,469 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 942. Average size of farm a, 1885,\\neighty-one acres. Average assessed raluation per acre, 1887, $5.37.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $24,279. Potato crop, 1885, 29,025 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 922 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk,\\n2,820 gallons; butter, 64,403 pounds; cheese, 380 pounis; eggs, 37,584\\ndozen.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "468 RESOUBCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\ni\\nP. 0. Address.\\nE. P. Seymour\\nK. H. Brunsdale\\nB. F. Walden\\nc. H. Ward\\nR. W. Berry\\nE. S Seymour\\nC. J. Paul\\nG. W. Winchell\\nE. W. Palmer....\\nDr. W. H. M. Philip\\nR. B. Cochrane\\nL. c. Gonlernd\\nSheriff.\\nHope\\nClerk District Court\\nHope\\nHope\\nHope\\nSherbrooke\\nPortland\\nAssessor\\nf\\n-I\\nCommissioners\\nJ. L. Wilcox\\nS. H. Nelson\\nHope\\nMardell\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBelle vj ria\\nHope |shekbb\\nMardell\\nPickert\\nOOKE\\nColgate\\nGolden Lake\\nSTERLING COUNTY.\\nCreated March 8,_ 1883.\\nSterling county is situated in southern Dakota, west of the Missouri\\nriver between the 44th and 45th degrees of latitude. It is entirely within\\nthe boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the\\nSioux reservation elsewhere in this publication.\\nSTEVENS COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 4, 1S73, from part of Buffalo. Boundaries changed,\\nin 1883, part to McLean: changed again in 1885, between Ward, McHenry\\nand Garfield. Unorganized. v\\nStevens county is situated in northern Dakota. It reaches from ihe\\n48th degree of latitude, on the north, to the Missouri river, on the south.\\nWith exception of the Missouri river, which forms a part of its southern\\nboundary, there are no streams of importance within the limits of Stevens\\ncounty. Surface, river bottoms, high rolling, and gently undulating prairie.\\nThe hills of thePlateau duCoteau du Missouri cross the northeastern corner\\nof the county. The course of the Missouri is marked with the usual line\\nof broken and rugged bluffs. Soil, the alluvial deposit and glacial drift of\\nthe Missouri pleateau. The Ft. Stevenson military reservation covers\\nperhaps two townships in the southwestern corner of Stevens county.\\nThe public lands in the county are unsurveyed.\\nVacant public lands, 652.800 acres.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFort Srevenson.\\nSTUTSMAN COUNTY,\\nArea, 1,474,560 acres. Created, January 4, 1873, from parts of Buffalo\\nand Pembina. Boundaries changed, in 1885, part to Stanton. The county\\nwas organized, June 10, 1873, hv the appointment, by the Governor, of the\\nfollowing commissioners, viz.- A. W. Kelley, Geo. W. Vennum and H.\\nC. Miller.\\nStutsman is a county of the northern James river valley, and is situated", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 469\\non the 47th degree of latitude, midway from the Missouri river\\non the west, and the Minnesota state line on the east. Principal stream\\nis the James river which enters near the center of the northern bounda-\\nry, and flows through the entire county, in a course east ofsouth. The\\nPipestem river rises in the northwest and, crossing several townships,\\nmeets the James near the city of Jamestown. Beaver creek drains the\\nsouthern tier of townships. A number of other smaller streams flow into\\nthe James, from either side. The county contains within its limits numer-\\nous fresh water lakes and ponds. The varieties of native timber on the\\nwooded belt of the James are the elm, box-elder, oak and hackberry.\\nSurface of the county, undulating prairie with considerable fine bottom\\nlands and meadows. Along the courses of the streams, Ihe land is some-\\nwhat hilly. The southwestern townships are broken by the low chain of\\nthe Coteaus. Soil, a dark, rich and somewhat sandy loam, of a depth of\\nfrom two to three feet, under which is a sub-soil of clay, or marl, impreg-\\nnated with lime.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railway, (Jamestown\\nNorthern branch,) 32.8 miles; stations: Jamestown, Park hurst, Buchanan,\\nPingree, Edmunds; (main line,) 50. 9 miles; stations: Spiritwood, Bloom,\\nJamestown, Eldridge, Windsor, Cleveland, Medina; (James river valley\\nline,) 23.9 miles; stations: Jamestown, Ypsilanti, Montpelier. Total, 107.6\\nmiles.\\nVacant public lands, 257,600 acres; Fargo land district, 42,560 acres;\\nBismarck land district, 215,040 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county as follows: James\\nRiver National Bank, at Jamestown, E. P. Wells, president; Geo. L.\\nWebster, cashier. North Dakota Bank, at Jamestown, R. M. Winslow,\\nmanager. Lloyds, Bankers, at Jamestown.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Alert, W. R. Kellogg, publisher, Jamestown; The Capital, J. C.\\nWarnock, editor, Jamestown; Der Pioneer, A. Steinbach, editor and pub-\\nlisher, Jamestown; North Dakota Farmer, Chas. W. Blew, editor and\\npublisher, Jamestown; College Campus, Jamestown.\\nCOUNTY SKAT.\\nJamestown, on the James river, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 2,500; school-buildings, valued at $40,000; baptist, catholic, episcopal,\\npresbyterian and two methodist church edifices, valued at $18,01)0; court-\\nhouse, valued at $35,000; water-works (artesian) system, valued at $40,000;\\nflour-mill, planing-mill, two brick-yards and two breweries, together,\\nvalued at $60,000; railway division shops; opera house; lime-kilns; water-\\npower. Assessed valuation town propertv, 1886, real, $800,000; personal,\\n$200,000; total. $1,000,000. The presbyterian college located at Jamestown\\nis described on page 221 of this publication. For a description of the Da-\\nkota hospital for the insane, Jamestown, see page 227.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nEldridge, west of Jamestown; population, 100; school-building, valued\\nat $3,000; grain elevators; general stores, etc. Pingree, in the north;\\npopulation, 100; school-building; grain elevators; general stores, etc.\\nSpiritwood, in the east; population, 100; school building, valued at $1,500;\\ngrain elevators; general store, etc. Windsor, in the center; population,\\n100; school-building, valued at $2,000; grain elevators; hotels; business\\nhouses, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population, 746; num-\\nber of school houses in district, forty-four; number of school-houses built\\nin 1886, fifteen; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $36.67; females,\\n$33 33; value of all school property, $40,094.05; expended for school pur-\\nposes during year ending June 30.1886, $27 478.07; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $8,614.44; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $15,639.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$4,971.08.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "470\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\ni Horses.\\n1\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n328\\n1,735\\n1,949\\n2,114\\n4\\n398\\n361\\n3G6\\n449\\n2.750\\n3. 487\\n4.391\\n176\\n864\\n1.256\\n1.484\\n75\\n891\\n1,034\\n515\\n1885\\n1886\\n1SS7\\n8 116.782\\n134,786\\n156 182\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nEW3ST 01\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n558.121\\n567,587\\n855.785\\n913.138\\n1.252.785\\n1.814.463\\n1 687.163\\n670.634\\n658,412\\n642.955\\n71,686\\n198,821\\n208,490\\n237.089\\n384.824\\n2 281.022\\n2,316,151\\n2.723,389\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880.\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 1,007; 1885, 5.632. Lands improved, 1880,\\n9,319 acres; 1885, 103,322 acres.. Number of farms, 1880 102; 1885,1,402.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, ninety-one acres, 1885, seventy-four acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $1.97. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, $84,857. Potato crop, 1885, 85.285 bushels. Wool clip, 1885\\n4,505 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk. 13,462 gal-\\nlons; butter, 117,353 pounds; cheese, 775 pounds; eggs, 73,087 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP, O. Address,\\nAuditor\\nTreasurer\\nA.. C. McMillan\\nS. K. McGinnis\\nS. McKechnie\\nChas. T. Hills\\nWm, P. Fan-ell\\nL. B. Miner\\nJamestown\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nJamestown\\nJames own\\nPeter H. Foley\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nT. F. Branch\\nF. E. Thorold, M. D\\nChas. R. Flint\\nD. C. Buck, (chairman)\\nJamestown\\nJamestown\\nJ. J. Eddy\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 188/,\\nAlbion Eslcr JRio\\nArrowood ;Gray Miarlow\\nAtwill Horn Spiritwood.\\nCorinne Jamestown Windsor\\nEdmunds Montpelier lYpsilaMti\\nEldridge Pingr^e I", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 471\\nSULLY COUNTY.\\nArea, 668,160 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from original territory.\\nBoundaries changed, 1883, part to Hyde. Organized, April 4, 1883, by the\\nappointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners, viz.;\\nN. H. Young, Benjamin P. Hoover, and Geo. J. Millett, Sr.\\nSully is a county of southern Dakota, situated on the east bank of the\\nMissouri river, between the 44th and 45th degrees of latitude. The Mis-\\nsouri river washes the western boundary of Sully county for a distance of\\nnearly fifty miles, including the many windings of the stream. The only\\nother stream of any importance, is Okobojo creek, which enters Sullv\\ncounty near the northeastern corner, flows thence in a general southwest\\ndirection across the county, and discharges into the Missouri close to the\\nsouth line in the southwest corner. Several small feeders of Medicine\\ncreek have their source in the southeast part of the county. There are\\na number of springs of excellent water found within the county one of\\nwhich, in the extreme southeast, a sulphur spring, is quite noted\\nfor its remedical properties. Surface, generally, a high rolling prairie or\\ntable land,cutthrough, diagonally, by the valley of Okobojo creek which\\nis somewhat narrow though widening in places to a mile or more. High\\nbluffs border the Missouri river from the northern to the southern line of\\nthe county. The most prominent elevations, are the well-know Arti-\\nchoke and Sully buttes. There is considerable bottom land along the\\ncourse of the river. Quite a growth of native timber borders the banks\\nof the Missouri river and Okobojo creek. The numerous large islands of\\nthe first named stream, are covered with trees. Soil, a black, sandy\\nloam, underlaid with clay. The Fort Sally military reservation occupies\\nabout two townships adjacent to the Missouri river.\\nVacant public lands, 12,320 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere is one banks doing business in this county, as follows: Sully\\nCounty Bank, at Onida, Frank Drew, president; C. R. Drew, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nSully County Watchman, Jno. Gropengeiser, publisher, Clifton; Times,\\nS. A. Travis, editor, Okobojo; Journal, Frank A. Everts, proprietor, Onida.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nOnida, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 150;\\nschool-building, valued at $1,800; church organizations; court-house,\\nvalued at $2,000; business houses; hotels, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nClifton, on Okobojo creek; population, fifty; school-building; church\\norganizations; business houses; hotel, etc. Fairbank, on the Missouri\\nriver; population, seventy-five; school-building, valued at $2,500; general\\nstores; hotel, etc. Norfolk, in the east; population, twenty-five; school,\\netc. Okobojo, on a stream of the same name; population, fifty school-\\nbuilding, valued at $500: church organizations; flour- mill, valued at $6,000;\\ngeneral stores; hotels, etc.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twenty- five; school population, 804;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, fifty-four; number of school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, twenty-one; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $30.23;\\nfemales, $29.32; value of all school property, $31,348.38; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $20,722.32; cash remain-\\ning in school treasury June 30, 1886, $2,661.76; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $32,100.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, seven per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30,\\n1886, $5,225.81.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. Mu e J nd Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1885 1,437 212 1,424 351 597 126,114\\n1886 1,451 I 199 2,485 206 I 664 124,455\\n1887 1,526 206 3.291 605 416 126,301", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "472\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION 1 STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots IPepsonslProp-l^jlX 6 86\\nvaluation. erty valuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n207.876\\n241.170\\n269 108\\n531.810\\n759.725\\n863,210\\n28,938\\n23 226\\n18.344\\n85.166\\n68,872\\n57.214\\n772,028\\n976,278\\n1,065,099\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, ior years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels m\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n36,646\\n27 479\\n36 740\\n484\\n40\\n774\\n190,130\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\n462 521\\n133.400\\n6,765\\n140\\n23,625\\nFlax\\n26 940\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 290; 1885. 3,233. Lands improved, 1885,\\n36,147 acres. Number of farm?, 1885, 1,160. Average size of farms, 1885,\\ntkiriy-one acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1*87, $3.21. County\\nindebtedness, 1887, $11,600. Potato crop, 1885, 15,565 bnshels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 2,080 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 9,482 gal-\\nlons; butter, 33,778 pounds; cheese, eighty-four pounds; eggs, 30,102\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address..\\nCount j 7 Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nlerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of Schools.,\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nOommssioners.\\nP. Q. Jordan\\nWilliam Toomej\\nL. H. Bruner.,\\nW A. Lynch\\nJ. H. Gropen^ei\u00c2\u00aber\\nD. Q. Jordan\\nThomas M. Goddard\\nL. D. Carr\\nL. M. French\\nE. J. Loughlen. M. D\\nFrank Lillibridge\\nH. E. Kimmel. (chairman).\\nW. J. Johnston\\nW. H. Little\\nJas. Lawrence\\nE. W. Eakin\\nOnida\\nOnida\\nOnida\\nOnda\\niOnida\\n[Onida\\nIGoddard...\\nBrayton....\\nOnida\\nOnida\\nOnida\\nMarston....\\nFairbank\\nWarhecke.\\nCopp\\nHlunt\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nAugusta....\\nBrayton\\nCarson\\nClifton\\nFairbank..,\\nFort Sully.\\nGoddard\\nLewiston...\\nMcCamley\\nMarston\\nNorfolk\\nOkobojo\\nOnida\\nPercilla....\\nTurley\\nWarnecke.\\nWaterford.\\nTODD COUNTY.\\nCreated May 8, 1862. Boundaries changed January 8, 1873.\\nTodd is the smallest county of the Territory and is situated on the _ Ne-\\nbraska state line, where the Missouri river first touches it. It isentirelj\\nwithin the boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article\\non the Sioux reservation elsewhere in this publication.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICE S IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nFort~Randall.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OE DAKOTA.\\nTOWNER COUNTY.\\n473\\nArea, 691,200 acres. Created, March 8, 1883, from parts of Cavalier and\\nRolette. Organized, Nov. 6, 1883, by the appointment, by the Governor,\\nof the following commissioners, viz.: P. T. Parker, H. C. Davis, and J.\\nW. Connella.\\nTowner county is situated on the northern boundary of Dakota the\\nthird county w r est of the Minnesota state line. A great number of lakes\\nand coulees, supply water to the various sections. Surface, a plateau of\\nfine agricultural lands, and meadows of excellent pasturage. Along the\\ncourse of the BigCoulee river there isa valley oi great fertility, from ten to\\ntwenty miles in width, extending the full length of the county. Soil, a\\nrich, black loam, from eighteen inches to three feet in depth underlying\\nwhich, is a clayey marl sub soil, from ten to thirty feet in depth.\\nVacant public lands, 236,400 acres.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nTowner County Tribune, Ed. F. Sibley, editor and publisher, Cando.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCando, in the south, is the county sear. It has a population of 150;\\nschool building, valued at $2,000; church organizations; court-house; gen-\\neral stores; hotel, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real,\\n$8,500; personal, $7,000; total, $15,500.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, three; school population, 108; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, five; average monthly pay of teachers,\\nfemales, $33.54; value of all school property, $4,750.00; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $3,222.98; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury June 30, 1886, $137.43; par amount of school\\nbonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $4,600.00; average rate of interest paid\\non bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June\\n30, 1886, $1,174.88.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nblules andl\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\n1\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n123\\n190\\n345\\n47\\n180 j\\n120\\n173\\n267\\n431\\nM\\n196\\n233\\n21,166\\n1886\\n1887\\n3\\n21\\n35,016\\n56 334\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersona Prop-\\njerty valuation\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n24 520\\n35,852\\n41.986\\n122.593\\n179.266\\n210,659\\n4.128\\n4,315\\n1.185\\nS 9.895\\n21.281\\n37.107\\n157.782\\n242.878\\n805.2 5\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in countv, for years 18S0,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nnone\\nnone\\nnont\\nnone\\nnone\\n8,455\\n40\\n15,930\\n586\\n362,322\\nOats\\nBarley\\nFlax...\\n275, 0C0\\n12.000\\n600\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 366. Lands improved, 1885,\\n8,445 acres. Number of forms, 1885, 108. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nseventy- eight acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 18S7, $5.02.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $21,685. Potato crop, 1885, 800 bushels.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "474 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OP COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887\\nOffice.\\nName. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk.\\nTreasurer..\\nW. E. Pew ICando.\\nC. J. Atkins Cando.\\nSheriff. j Edward Gorman Cando.\\nclerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nP. P. Parker\\nJ.W.Hardee\\nW. E. Pew\\nCando\\nCando\\nCando\\nR. D. Cowan\\nJ. S. onyers\\nCando\\nJames McCanna\\nCando\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nCando., ICoolin.\\nCecil IPicton.\\nSnyder.\\nTRAILL COUNTY.\\nArea, 576,000 acres. Created, January 12, 1875, from parts of Burchard,\\nCass, and Grand Forks. Boundaries changed, March 8, 1883, part to\\nSteele. Organized, January 12, 1875, Asa H. Morgan, John Brown, and\\nJames Ostland, appointed commissioners, and the southeast quar-\\nter, section fifteen, township 146, range forty-nine, designated as county\\nseat, by act of Legislature.\\nTraill is a Red River valley county, and is situated in northeastern Dakota,\\nbetween the 47th and 48th degrees of latitude. In addition to the Red River\\nof the North, which forms the eastern boundary, Traill county is watered\\nthrough its central and northwestern sections, by the Goose river and its\\nseveral tributaries, and in the south tier of townships, by the Elm river\\nand its branches. The county contains a few small lakes, and numerous\\nsprings of pure, fresh water. It is estimated th t there are 30,000 acres of\\ntimber along the banks of the Goose and the Red rivers, and 10,000 more\\nin what is known as the Grand Coulee, in the north, and along the Elm.\\nThe principal varieties of native timber include the oak, basswood, ash,\\nelm, soft maple, box-elder, and cottonwood. Surface, generally level prairie,\\nwith iust enough slope to drain it properlv. More than three-fourths of\\nthe entire surface of the county is in the Red River valley. Soil, a rich,\\ndeep loam, formed of calcareous, and decomposed vegetable deposit,\\nheavily charged with the lime carbonates, and phosphates, mixed with\\nclay and silicious sand. When dry it is friable like ashes, but when wet,\\nit is slippery and adhesive. Sab-soil, clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\n(Fargo-Grand Forks line,) thirty-one miles; stations: Buxton, Cumings,\\nHillsboro, Alton, Kelso; (Casselton-Larimore line,) thirty-one miles; sta-\\ntions: Hatton, Mayville, Murray, Blanchard, Weible; (Ripon\\nbranch,) twenty-two miles; stations: Portland, Roseville, Clifford, Gales-\\nburg. Total, eighty-four miles.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are seven bank? doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Buxton, at Burton, Oliver S. Hanson, president. Bank of Caledonia,\\nat Caledonia, J. H. Sarles, president; E. Y. Sarles, cashier. First National\\nBank, at Mayville, G. S. Albee, president; J. Rosholt, cashier. Goose\\nRiver Bank, at Mayville, N. K. Hubbard, president; C. S. Edwards, cash-\\nier. Citizens Bank, at Portland, G. A. White, president; C. Cranston,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Hillsboro, S. B. Sarles, president, E. Y.\\nSarle*, cashier. Hillsboro National Bank, at Hillsboro, A. L. Plumrier,\\npresident; A. L. Hanson, cashier.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n475\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Independent, Henry Martin, editor and publisher, Buxton; Traill\\nCouniy Times, E. N. Talk, editor and publisher, Caledonia; The Banner,\\nG. A. Bowers, editor, Hillsboro Tribune, Elmer I. Smith, editor and pub-\\nlisher. Mayville; Inter-Ocean, A. L. Heikes, editor and publisher, Port-\\nland; Dakota Bladet, H. A. Foss, editor and publisher, Portland.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nCaledonia, at the junction of the Goose with the Red River of the\\nNorth, is the county seat. It has a population of 1, (-00; school-building,\\nvalued at $2,000; congregational church edifice, valued at $2,(X)0; court-\\nhouse and jail, valued at $20,000: flour-mill, valued at $15,0O(); wagon and\\ncarriage factory, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real,\\n$50,000; personal, $100,000; total. $150,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nBellmont, in the northeast, on the Red River; school-building, valued\\nat $2,500; baptist church edifice, valued at $1,500; artesian w r ell; wagon\\nand carriage factory, saw-mill, etc. Blanchard, southwest of the center;\\npopulation, seventy-five; schools; grain elevators; artesian well; business\\nhouses, etc. Buxton, in the north; population, 250; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,000; church edifice, valued at $2,000; artesian well; grain ele-\\nvators; business houses; hotels, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $23, 228. Clifford, in the w r est; population, sixty-\\nfive; school-building, valued at $1,000; church organizations; grain eleva-\\ntors; hotels; business houses, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1886, real and personal, $12,000. Cumings, northeast of the center; popu-\\nlation, seventy five; school-building, valued at $500; congregational church\\nedifice, valued at $2,000; artesian wells; grain elevators; business houses;\\nhotels, etc. Hatton, in the northwest; population, 100; schools; church\\norganizations; grain elevators; hotels; business houses, etc. Hillsboro, on\\nthe Goose river; population, 1.2(0; school-building, valued at $5,000;\\nchurch edifices, valued at $8,000; city buildings, valued at $3,000; artesian\\nwells; opera house; flour-mill, valued at $40,000; grain elevators, etc.\\nAssessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $225,000.\\nKelso, in the south; population, fifty; school-building; grain elevators;\\ngeneral stores; hotels; artesian well, etc. Mayville, in the west, on the\\nGoose river; population, 1,250; school-building, valued at $4,000; congre-\\ngational, episcopal, and lutheran church edifices, valued at $9,700; city\\nbuildings; water-works; artesian well; fire department; flour-mill, valued\\nat $48,000; opera house, valued at $8,000; telephone; water-power; public\\nlibrary, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$143,773. Portland, west of Mayville; population. 500; school-building,\\nvalued at $3,000; two Norwegian lutheran church edifices, valued at $8,000;\\ncity building, valued at $1,500; flour-mill, valued at $20,000; grain eleva-\\ntors, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal,\\n$45,953. Weible, in the south; grain elevators; business houses; hotel, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, nineteen; school population, 1,841; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, sixty-three; number of school- houses built\\nin 1886, nine; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $43.03; females,\\n$37.45; value of all school property, $61,875.60; expended for school pur-\\nposes, during year ending June 30, 1886, $40,326.27; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 1886, $23,757.94; par amount of school bonds out-\\nstanding June 30, 1886, $25,500.00; average rate of interest paid on bonds,\\neight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886,\\n$2,494.94.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n188C\\n1,216\\n4,817\\n4,656\\nI 5.569\\n178\\n1,819\\n1,150\\n1.216\\n3.255\\n5,281\\n6,128\\n7.454\\n390\\n735\\n755\\n872\\n2.532\\n2,314\\n3,885\\n2,982\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n397.810\\n360,066\\n398.357", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "476\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation. ^own Lots\\nPersonal Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assessed\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1880\\n8 648,367\\n2,854.214\\n1,939,050\\n2,100,222\\nS 120 292\\n113.383\\n178,062\\n223,927\\n475 023\\n569,500\\n560 111\\nf 872,294\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n438 542\\n453.170\\n468.139\\n3,316,839\\n8,011 999\\n3.256,752\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n18S0\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarlev\\n333,409\\n1.916\\n114.575\\nnone\\nnone\\n13.339\\nBushel?\\n18S5.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\n2,726,447\\n2,392\\n833,552\\n1,176\\n62.402\\n2,681.250\\n17,880\\n895,500\\n1.250\\n1.000\\n154,000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of bounty, 1880, 4,123; 1885, 8,119. Lands improved, 1880,\\n39,088 acres; 1885, 223,967 acres. Number of farms, 1880, 591; 1885, 1,247.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, sixty-six acres; 1885, 180 acres. Average as-\\nsessed valuation per acre, 1887, $1.49. Potato crop, 1885, 71,88 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 5.113 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: but-\\nter, 205,329 pounds; cheese, 4,075 pounds; eggs, 102,377 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\n1\\nH. A. Langlie\\nK.J. Nomlana\\nCaledonia\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nW. D. Baker\\nL. E. Francis\\nAsa Sargea*t\\nA. B. Levissie\\nWin. A. Kelly ..1\\nHillsboro\\nSuperintendent ol Schools\\nS. B. Rognlie\\nR. J. Johnson\\nP. Herbrandson\\nJ. O. Kjelsberg\\nO. Aum\\nH. C. Lucken\\nf\\n1\\nI\\nHillsboro\\nCaledonia\\nMh,yville\\nBuxton\\nPortland\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887\\nBellmont ICumiugs ]Kelso\\nBlanchanl jGalesburg Mayville..\\nI Hague Portland.\\ni Hatton Quiney\\niHillsboro IWeible\\nBuxton\\nCaledonia.\\nClifford\\nTRIPP COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8, 1873, from original territory.\\nTripp is a county Dear the center of the southern boundary line of the\\nTerritory. It lies entirely within the boundary of the Great Sioux In-\\ndian reservation. See article on Sioux reservation elsewhere in this pub-\\nlication.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 477\\nTURNER COUNTY.\\nArea, 399.360 acres. Created, January 13, 1871, irom parts of Jayne and\\nLincoln. Organized January 13, 1871 Win. W. Aurner, Valentine P. Thiel-\\nman, and Lewis H. Elliott appointed commissioners, and the county\\nseat located on the southeast quarter of section nine, township ninety-\\nseven, range fifty-three, by act of Legislature.\\nTurner, a comity of southeastern Dakota, situated in the second tier of\\ncounties west of the Iowa boundary, and in the second north of the Ne-\\nbraska state line. Principal streams, the Vermillion river, which\\ntraverses the eastern side of the county from north to south; the west\\nfork of the Vermillion, which enters the county near the northwest cor-\\nner, runs in a southeasterly course and joins the main river near the cen-\\nter of the county, and Turkey Ridge creek, which rises in the west, flows\\nthrough the width of the county and empties into the Vermillion, near\\nthe southeast corner. Swan lake, near the town of that name, is a beau-\\ntiful sheet of water about one and a half miles long and one and a half\\nmiles wide. An island near tbe center of the lake is covered with native\\ntimber. Limestone, and carbonate of lime, or imperfect chalk, are found\\nin this county. Surface, principally prairie land, gently rolling in charac-\\nter. The bottom lands of the Vermillion river average several miles in\\nwidth, and are very fertile. The valley of Turkey Ridge creek is from\\nthree to ten miles in width, pnd most excellent land. Soil of the county,\\na rich alluvium, varying in depth from two to four feet, with a sub-soil\\nof clay.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railroad\\n(mainline) twenty-nine miles; stations: Marion Junction, Parker; (Run-\\nning Water branch), six miles; station: Marion Junction. Total, thirty-\\nfive miles. Chicago Northwestern railway (Hawarden line), thirty-\\nthree miles; stations: Parker, Mansfield, Hurley, Hooker, Centreville;\\n(Yankton Centreville line), three miles; station: Centreville. Total,\\nthirty-six miles. Total miles of railroad in county, seventy- one.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are six banks doing business in this county, as follows: Ban 1 of\\nCentreville, at Centreville, J. L. Bennett, president: W. E. Brigg3, cashier.\\nTurner County Bank, at Hurley, Edward Mav, president; Augustus May,\\ncashier. Banking House of Ernst Reiff, at Marion, Chas. Dondere, cash-\\nier. Danforth Knapp, at Parker. Citizens Bank, at Parker, G. M. Gilch-\\nrist, president; W. A. Houts, cashier. First National Bank, at Parker L.\\nK. Lord, president; Geo. W. Stone, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nChronicle, F. F. Hanaford, editor and proprietor, Centreville; Index,\\nJ. E. McMullen, editor,|Centre ville; Turner County Herald, W. C. Brown,\\neditor, Hurley; Sentinel, J. E. Hazlitt, editor, Marion; The New\\nEra, Chas. F. Hacket, editor and publisher. Parker; Press, M. T.\\nHoyt, editor and publisher, Parker; Western Educator, Parker.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nParker, north of the center, on the Vermillion river, is the county seat.\\nIt has a population of 1,000; school-building, valued at $2,500; presbyte-\\nrian, episcopal, baptist and methodist church edifices, valued at $5,000;\\nwater- works system; flour-mill; oat-meal mill; creamery; broom factory;\\ngranite quarries; artesian well projected. Assessed valuation city prop-\\nerty, 1886, real, $99,040; personal, $55,900; total, $154,940.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nCentreville, in the southeast; population, 700: school-building, valued\\nat $4,000; baptist, reformed, methodist and catholic church edifices,\\nvalued at $8,000; flour-mill, valued at $15,000; water-power. Assessed\\nvaluation town property, 1886, real and personal, $195,000. Hurley, near\\nthe center, population, 400; school-building, valued at $5,000; baptist,\\npresbyterian, episcopal, methodist. and catholic church edifices, valued\\nat $10*000; town hall, valued at $1,500; artesian wells; creamery, valued\\nat $3,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "478\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n$89,197. Marion, west of Parker; population, 500; school-building, valued\\nat $2,500; two church edifices, valued at $3,000; public buildings, valued at\\n$2,000; artesian well; flour- mill, creamery, and cheese factory, together,\\nvalued at $25,000. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real and person-\\nal, $55,000. Swan Lake, in the south, population, forty; school; church\\nedifice, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, twelve; school population, 2,470; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, seventy-seven; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, three; average monthly pay of teachers, males,\\n$39.25; females, $32. 27; value of all school property, $49,940; expended for\\nschool purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $28,081.13; cash re-\\nmaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $4,103.37; par amount of\\nschool oonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $21,100; average rate of interest\\npaid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $7,348.55.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal mnn Total aisessed\\nrcr OIldl prop- valnpHnn r\\\\f\\nerty valuation, county\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n252.368\\n276.873\\n286,182\\n29 J, 654\\n908,890\\n938,025\\n1,073,580\\n161370\\n20,176\\n238,630\\n262,654\\n215,457\\n218,290\\n209,397\\n557,308\\n1,579.553\\n1,454,579\\n1,700,109\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFAEM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nRye\\nBuckwheat.\\nBarlev\\nFlax.!\\n90,236\\n96,514\\n172.635\\n173,971\\n414.446\\n731,305\\n140,463\\n383,152\\n675,710\\n2,896\\n5,653\\n2,660\\n63\\n1,794\\n616\\n24,986\\n16 867\\n8,840\\nnone\\n141.291\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, 5,320; 1885, 8,282 Lands improved, 1880,\\n41,212 acres; 1885, 101,243 acres.^ Number of farms, 1880, 1,062; 1885, 1,403.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, thirty-nine acres; 1885, seventy-two acres.\\nAverage assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.75. Countv indebtedness,\\n1887, $21,215. Potato crop, 1885, 47,016 bushels; wool clip, 1885, 51,043\\npounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885, milk, 21,550 gallons; but-\\nter, 532,304 pounds; cheese, 3,412 pounds; eggs, 252,515 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nNamel\\n1\\nP. O. Address.\\nM. J. Hogan\\nR. M. Smith\\nI. H. Newbv\\nV. P. Thielmau\\nO. C. Stuart\\nM. J. Hogan\\nParker\\nParker\\nSheriff\\nParker\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nParker\\nParker\\nParker", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 479\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE AD DRESS OF COUNTY OFFICE RS IN 1887. Continued,\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. 0. Address.\\nAttorney\\nS. V. Jones\\nCortez Salmon\\nJ. H. Shurtleff\\nB. C. Hamilton\\nThomas E6pie\\nJoseph Allen, (chairman)\\nA. W. Bacon\\nS. C. Nelson\\nA. Bertelsen\\nJ. H. Shurtleff\\nParker\\nSurveyor\\nParker\\nr\\n1\\n1\\nI\\nHurley\\nSpring Valley\\nCommissioners\\nCentreville\\nParker\\nParker\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\n1887.\\nHurley\\nPhank\\nOhildstown\\nDanville\\nIdyhvilde\\nLost Lake\\nMarion\\nParker\\n..Spring Valley\\nSwan Lake...\\nHome\\nUNION COUNTY.\\nArt-a, 276,480 acres. Created and organized as Cole county, in 1862, in\\nhonor of Austin Cole, a member of the first Territorial Legislature. Janu-\\nary 7, 1864, the Legislature rearranged the boundaries of Cole and Lin-\\ncoln counties, and the name of Cole county was changed to Union, with\\nthe following proviso included in the act, viz.: All acts of William\\nFrisbie, William Mathers, and John R. Wood, as county commissioners, M.\\nM. Rich, as register of deeds, and A. R. Phillips, as judge of probate, for\\nthe county of Cole, are hereby legalized.\\nUnion county is situated in the extreme southeastern corner of the Ter-\\nritory. The Missouri river washes the southern boundary of the county,\\nin a very tortuous course of about forty miles, with numerous islands and\\nsand bars in its channel, and a quantity of low meadow lands parallel to\\nits course. The Big Sioux river, the boundary line between Dakota and\\nthe state of Iowa, flows along the eastern border of Union county. It\\nruns an exceedingly devious course of as much, perhaps, as 100 miles in\\ngoing a direct distance of only forty. The principal inland stream, is\\nBrule creek, which enters the county on the north, and flows south, dis-\\ncharging into the Big Sioux, about four miles northeast of the city of Elk\\nPoint. Other smaller brooks, are Union, Jim, and Green creeks. Groves of\\ncottonwood, elm, willow, box-elder, and other varieties of native timber,\\nfringe the bottom lands and islands of the Missouri, and grow, sparsely,\\nalongthe Big Sioux. The county is nearly equally divided into rolling prairie\\nand river bottom lands. The country back of the valley is an undulating\\nplain, in some places rather uneven, but always excellent farming and\\ngrazing lands. The bottom lands along the Missouri are very broad in\\nthis county. Soil, a black, loamy deposit, averaging from two feet on the\\nprairies or plateaus, to five or six feet in depth, on the bottoms.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway,\\n(Sioux City Egan line,) five miles; station: Elk Point; (Sioux City\\nYankton line,) twenty-three miles; stations: McCook, Jefferson, Elk\\nPoint. Total, twenty-eight miles. Chicago Northwestern railway, (Ha-\\nwarden line,) seventeen miles; stations: Beresford, Aleester. Total\\nmiles of railroad in county, forty-five.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nThere are three banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank\\nof Beresford, at Beresford, Chas. A. Potter, president; R. Z. Bennett,\\ncashier. Union Banking Company, at Beresford, J. Schaetzel, president;\\nHenry Schaetzel, cashier. Union County Bank, at Elk Point, Geo. Schaetzel,\\ncashier.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "480\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nNews, J.R. Carleton, publisher, Beresford; Union County Courier, C.\\nF. Mallahan, proprietor, Elk Point; Dakota Blizzard, Stephenson Bros.,\\neditors and publishers, Elk Point.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nElk Point, in the south, is the county seat. It has a population of 1,200;\\nschool-building, valued at $4,000; catholic, methodist, congregational,\\nbaptist, and episcopal church edifices, valued at $10,000; court-house;\\nopera house; flour-mill, valued at $30,000; creamery, valued at $7,000;\\nbrick-yards, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real, $42,864;\\npersonal, $31,097; total, $73,961.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nAlcester, in the north; population, 150; schools; church organizations;\\nbusiness houses; hotels; grain ware houses, etc. Beresford, in the north-\\nwest; population, 400; school-building, valued at $2,000; two church edi-\\nfices, valued at $2,500; creamery, etc. Jefferson, in the southeast; schools;\\nchurch organizations; general stores; hotels, etc. McCook, in the south-\\neast; population, thirty; schools; church organizations; general stores,\\netc. Richland, on the Big Sioux river; population, 300; school-building,\\nvalued at $1,200; methodist church edifice, valued at $2,000; flour-mill;\\ngeneral stores; hotel, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, seventy- five; school population, 2,607;\\nnumbei of school-houses in district, sixty-four; average monthly pay of\\nteachers, males, $32.69; females, $29.03; value of all school property,\\n$35,249.42; expended for school purposes during year ending June 30,\\n1886, $22,234.57; cash remaining in school treasury, June 30,1886, $3,623.83;\\npar amount of school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $3,632.00; average\\nrate of interest paid on bonds, nine per cent.; amount of school warrants\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $2,830.23.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\ni\\nYear. Horses.\\nMules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle. Sheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1880\\n3,976\\n4,569\\n4,771\\n5,141\\n164\\n162\\n155\\n143\\n14.855\\n15.288\\n17,035\\n18.917\\n1,177 11.065\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n1,423\\n1,074\\n599\\n11,726\\n8.987\\n9,335\\n324.411\\n342,745\\n5S1.,126\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nA TJe eal \u00e2\u0084\u00a2\u00c2\u00bbMon.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersonal Prop-I^* 1 86\\nerty valuation.] J^on of\\n1880\\n554,893\\n65S.531\\n675,651\\n1,452.886\\n261,336\\n90,067\\n98,258\\n124,807\\n816,229\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n234,312\\n241.9Q3\\n243,258\\nS 60.814\\n66,205\\n85,218\\n1,133,823\\n1,182,859\\n2,244,037\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushel? in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat\\n13,023\\n305,189\\n30.672\\n1,626\\n97\\n2,344\\nnone\\n131,979\\n1,279,050\\n405,097\\n9,199\\n1.122\\n47,480\\n294,000\\n2,250,000\\nOats\\n855,000\\n8,500\\n84,000\\n34,496\\nFlax\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\npi\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 3,507; 1880, 6,813; 1885, 8,017. Lands im-\\noved, 1880, 89,846 acres; 1885, 160,281 acres. Number of farms, 1880,1,246;", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 481\\n1885, 1,356. Average size of farms, 1880, seventy-two acres; 1885, 118\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.97. County in-\\ndebtedness, 1887, $31,150. Potato crop, 1885, 57,379 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 9,072 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk, 2,921) gal-\\nons: butter, 554,343 pounds; cheese, 2,055 pounds; eggs, 201,127 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOPF1CE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Olerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff.\\nJ. W. Ellis\\nElk Point\\nA. O. Rwigsrud\\nAlson Bovee\\nElk Point\\ni\\nN. A. Kirk\\niRichland\\nProbate Judge\\nJ rome Mangan\\n.1. W. Ellis\\n...Elk Point\\nAttorney\\nJ. Wallace\\nW. H. II. Fate\\nWin. Vinson\\nElk Point\\nSuperintendent of Schools\\nSurveyor\\nlElk Point\\nJElk Point\\nJ. G. Conley\\n[Elk Point\\nCommissioners\\nHalver Knudson\\nO. H. Williams\\nChas. LaBreche\\nBrule\\nCalliope. Iowa...,\\nJefferson\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1 87.\\nAlcester Elk Point McCook...\\nBeresford Emmet Richland\\nBig Springs Gothland.... Spink\\nBrule IJei erson\\nWAGNER COUNTY.\\nCreated March 9, 1883.\\nWagner is a county of western Dakota, south of the 46th parallel, and\\nwest of the 102d degree of longitude. It lies entirely within the boundaries\\nof the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reserva-\\ntion, elsewhere in this publication.\\nWALLACE COUNTY\\nCreated, March 9, 1883, from parts of Howard. Boundaries changed,\\nMarcli 10. 1885, between Williams and Allred. Unorganized.\\nWallace county is situated in the northwestern part of the Territory, on\\nthe south bank of the Missouri river. Other principal stream is the\\nLittle Missouri whicii flows through a few townships in the southeast.\\nNearly all of Wallace county is within the boundaries of the FortBerthold\\nIndian reservation. Under an agreement with the Indians, (which\\nagreement is awaiting the ratification of Congress,) nearly all of\\nthese lands will be opened to settlement, at an early day. No Govern-\\nment surveys have vet been made of the lands lying outside of the pres-\\nent boundaries of the Indian reservation.\\nVacant public lands, 104,320 acres.\\nM ISC E LL A NEO US STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885. forty-six. Lands improved,\\n1885, fifteen acres. Number of farms, 1885, two. Average size of farms,\\n1885, seven and one-half acres.\\nWALSH COUNTY.\\nArea, 832,000 acres. Created, February 18, 1881, from parts of Pembina\\nand Grand Forks. Organized, July SO, 1881, by the appointment, by the\\nGovernor, of the following commissioners, viz.: Geo. P. Harvey, Wm.\\nCode, and B. C. Askelson.\\nWalsh, a Red River valley county, is situated in the northeastern cor-\\nner of the Territory, the second county south of the International boun-\\ndary line. In addition to the Red River of the North, its eastern boun-", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "482 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\ndary, the county is thoroughly drained, from west to east, by Park and\\nForest rivers and their numerous branches. The four considerable lakes\\nin the county are, two salt lakes in the northeast, (ovciir.g naita oi about\\n600 acres; another in the southeast, covering about 1,000 acres, and one in\\nLampton township, with a surface of 200 to 300 acres. In the southeastern\\ncorner of the county, stretching thioagh vYalshville and a part of Pulaski\\ntownships, is a long, crooked bayou, probably an old channel of the Red\\nRiver. On the Red, Park and Forest rivers, there are very considerable\\nbodies of timber, and especially around the head branches of the Park\\nriver, on the slope of the plateau, in the northwest part of the county.\\nThe numerous ravines and gulches of the hilly portions in the western\\ntownships, have more or less limber of an inferior growth outlining their\\ncourses as they slope toward the plains. Surface of the county, from the\\nRed River west, to the east line of range fifty-six, may be described\\nas a vast plain with an imperceptible slope toward the east, and having\\na deep, rich alluvial soil, identical with that of the other counties of the\\ngreat valley, so famous for its wheat producing capabilities. The western\\nranges of townships are more hilly and broken, rising quite sharply to-\\nward the plateau lands to the west of the valley. This western portion\\ncontains a few small conical hills, or buttes, and occasional ridges, or\\nlow hills. Nearly the whole of the county is susceptible of cultivation.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba\\nrailroad (Fargo-Grand Forks line), twenty-four miles; stations: Ardoch,\\nMinto, Grafton, Auburn; (Langdon-Larimore line), twenty-four miles;\\nstations: Paik River, Conway. Total, forty-eight miles. Northern Pacific\\nrailroad (Grand Forks-Pembina line), twenty-eight miles; stations: Graf-\\nton, Forest River. Total miles of railroad in the county, seventy-six.\\nVacant public lands, 04,000 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are six banks doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nArdoch, at Ardoch, E. R. Jacobi, president; F. L. Streit, cashier. First\\nNational Bank, at Grafton, F. T. Walker, president; J. L. Cashel, cashier.\\nGrafton National Bank, at Grafton, F. R. Fulton, president; D. C.Moore,\\ncashier. Bank of Park River, Henry Keller, president; C. D. Lord,\\ncashier. First National Bank, at Park River, David H. Beecher, presi-\\ndent; Sidney Clarke, cashier. Bank of Minto, M. S. Titus, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe News-Times, Upham Pierce, editors and publishers, Grafton;\\nHerald, W. W. Hillis, publisher, Grafton; Forest River Journal, \\\\V. G.\\nMitchell, publisher, Minto; Park River v Gazette, Smith, editor and\\npublisher, Park River. Monitor, J. R. Lyons, editor and publisher, Ar-\\ndoch.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nGrafton, on the Park river, is the county seat. It has a population of\\n2,500; two-story brick school-building, valued at $25,000; catholic, presby-\\nterian, baptist, methodist, and two lutheran church edifices, valued at\\n$18,000; court-house and jail, city hall, fire department houses, opera\\nhouse, together, valued at $45,000; water-works (artesian) system, valued\\nat $25,900; flour-mill, valued at $47,000; custom flour-mill; two carriage\\nworks; two boiler shops; pork-packing house, etc. Assessed valuation\\ncity property, 1886, re: J, $128,000; personal, $214,000. Total, $342,000.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nArdoch, in the southeast; population, 300; school-building, valued at\\n$2,000; catholic, methodist, and presbyterian church edifices, valued at\\n$5,000; city buildings, valued at $1,000; water-works system, valued at\\n$2,000; grain elevators, etc. Assessed valuation town property, 1886, real\\nand personal, $50,000. Forest River, in the south population fifty school-\\nbuilding, valued at $S00; general stores; hotels; grain elevators, etc.\\nMinto, on the Forest river; population, 700; school-building, valuedat $2,-\\n000; methodist, presbyter i \u00e2\u0080\u00a2itholic church edifices, valued at $8,-\\n000; artesian wells; flour-mill, valued at $28,000; grain elevators, etc. As-\\nsessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $136,945. Park\\nRiver, in the center, on a stream of the same name; population, 1,000;", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n483\\nschool-building, valued at $7,500; presbyterian, methodist, and baptist\\nchurch edifices, valued at $9,000 city building water-power ;grain elevators,\\netc. Asssessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $144,340.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.\\nNumber of organized districts, ninety-three; school population, 3,445;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, eighty-nine; number of school-\\nhouses built in 1886, eight; average monthly pay of teachers, males,\\n$38.58; females, $32.81; value of all school property, $82,883.80; expended\\nfor school purposes during the year ending June 30, 1886, 161,853.94; cash\\nremaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $17,755.18; par amount of\\nschool bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $84,300; averege rate of interest\\npaid on bonds, eight per cent. amount of school warrants outstanding\\nJune 30, 1886, $650.25.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHones.\\nMules and\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n4,952\\n5,963\\n6,480\\n351\\n347\\n330\\n6,687\\n7,858\\n9.074\\n668\\n2,942\\n4,182\\n3,249\\nS 512.696\\n527,199\\n591908\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nTear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nPersona] Prop-\\nerty valuation.\\nTotal assesied\\nvaluation of\\ncounty.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n441,156\\n475,873\\n505,120\\nS 2,163,392\\n2,026,794\\n2,296,173\\n266,342\\n321,306\\n336,320\\nS 533,401\\n602,452\\n689, #45\\nS 3,475,831\\n3,477,751\\n3,913,446\\nTable showing\\n1885, and 1887.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nproduct of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushelein\\n1887.\\nWheat\\nnone\\n2,497,699\\n450\\n896,720\\n250\\n630\\n72,607\\n4,987,992\\n42.000\\n2.031,682\\n180\\nnone\\nOats....\\nnone\\nRye\\nBuckwheat\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nBarley\\n229,500\\nICELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 12,775. Lands improved, 1885,\\n212,001 acres. Number of farms, 1885, 2,797. Average size of farms 1885,\\nseventy- six acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $4.55.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, $11,34/ Potato crop, 1885, 155.501 bushels.\\nWool clip, 1885, 2,102 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 228,163 pounds; cheese, 300 pounds; eggs, 159,259 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor |E. O. Faulkner Grafton.\\nTreasurer P. E. Sandager Grafton.\\nSherifl Gunder Olsen Grafton.\\nClerk District Court M. K. Marrinan Grafton.\\nProbate Judge M. Raumin Grafton.\\nRegister of Deeds John Connolly jGrafton.\\nAttorney A. M. Spencer Grafton.\\nSuperintendent of Schools R -J* r Evans JMinto.\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nCommissioners.\\nJ. B. Warren Forest River\\nJohn McGlynch Minto\\nWin. Code, (chairman) Park River....\\nN. O. Noben Grafton\\nAlex. Thomson Minto\\nJ. B. Sanborn Medford\\nK. P. Levang Park Rirer...,", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "484 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nActon\\nArdoch\\nAuburn\\nConway\\nDundee\\nEdinburg\\nForest River.\\nGait\\nGrafton\\nLambert J Richmond\\nLampton j Saint Andrew.\\nLatoua Sil vista\\nMed ford [Tomes\\nMinto iVesely\\nNova Vesta\\nPark River Walshville\\nPisek\\nPraha\\nWALWORTH COUNTY\\nArea, 460,800 acres. Created, January 8, 1873, from part of Buffalo.\\nOrganized, May 5, 1883, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the\\nfollowing commissioners, viz.: Oliver Shannon, Frank H. Kennedy, and\\nCharles O. Wilkins.\\nWalworth county is situated in central Dakota, south of the 7th stand-\\nard parallel, and on the east bank of the Missouri river. The Missouri\\nwashes the western boundary, a flistance measuring its windings,\\nof about thirty miles. The other principal streams of the county, are\\nSwan creek; which flows through the southern tier of townships from\\neast to west, and Bois Cache creek, which drains the northern portion of\\nthe county. Swan lake is a considerable body of water, covering some\\n1,800 acres, in the southeast. An extensive lake bed, in township 124,\\nrange 77, covers about 3,000 acres. A great many small lakes,\\nponds, and marshes, are interspersed throughout the northern and eastern\\nportions of the county. Numerous small streams and springs abound.\\nThere is quite a growth of native timber along the bottoms, and covering\\nthe islands, of the Missouri. The smaller streams are also fringed with\\nscattering groves. Surface of the major part of Walworth county, back of\\nthe Missouri bluffs, consists of elevated rolling prairie, ortableland. The\\nsouth central portion of the county is covered by a range of bluffs and\\nconical hills, generally well watered, and excellent lor grazing purposes.\\nThe bluffs along the Missouri are from 100 to 200 feet high, cut by wide\\nravines and valleys along the creeks. The bottom lands between the\\nriver and the bluffs, are from one to four miles wide, and exceedingly fer-\\ntile. Soil of the county, generally, the rich, alluvial deposit, of the Mis-\\nsouri slope.\\nVacant public lands, 111,210 acres.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are two banks doing business in this county, as follows: Wal-\\nworth County Bank, at Bangor. Bank of LeBeau, at LeBeau, R. H.\\nFairbairn, president; W. H. Burns, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nPioneer, C. E. Cobb, editor and publisher, Bangor; Rustler, W. G.\\nBrown, publisher, Bangor; Central Dakotian, F. K. Griffin, editor and\\npublisher, Bangor. Pioneer, F. J. Bowman, editor and publisher, Scran-\\nton.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nBangor, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of sev-\\nenty-five, school-building, valued at $2,000; court-house, valued at $1,500;\\nchurch organizations; business houses; hotels, etc.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nLeBeau, on the Missouri river; population, fifty; school-building, valued\\nat $3,300; general stores; hotels; church organizations, etc. Assessed val-\\nuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $40,000. Scranton, on the\\nMissouri river; school-building, valued at $500; general stores; hotel, etc.\\nAssessed valuation town property, 1886, real and personal, $35,000.\\nSCHOOLS, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, ten; school population, 231; num-\\nber of school-houses in district, ten; number of school-houses built in\\n1886, six; average monthly pay of teachers, males, $37.50; females, $29.44;\\nvalue of all school property, $7,287.00; expended for school purposes dur-", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA,\\n-185\\ning year ending June 30, 1886, 15.708.34; cash remaining in school treasury,\\nJune 30, 1886, $575.73; par amount of school bonds outstanding June 30.\\n1886, $8,700.00; average rate oi interest paid on bonds, seven per cent.;\\namount of school warrants outstanding June 30, 1886, $2,960.69.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\n[Mules and\\nAsses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n474\\n632\\n649\\n42\\n36\\n44\\n1.011\\n1.503\\n1,889\\n258\\n322.\\n575\\n128\\n294\\n291\\n3 73.448\\n97,240\\n96,255\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots Personal Prop- ^afnSfof\\nvaluation. erty valuation. I* ut\\n48.148\\n69 309\\n83.482\\n193 880\\n280.575\\n275.700\\n9 43.408\\n44,288\\n25.031\\n66,373\\n67.045\\n66,042\\nS 377.109\\n489.148\\n463,028\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in Bushels in\\n1885. 1887.\\nWheat none 3,9C6 165,750\\nCorn 1,850 10,010 153,000\\nOats none 11.766 153,750\\nRye none 165\\nBuckwheat none 105\\nBarlcv none 160 17,100\\nFlax none 27.000\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, forty-six 1885, 1,412. Lands improved, 1880,\\neighty-five acres; 1885, 20,299 acres. Number of farms, 1880, two; 1885, 800.\\nAverage size of farms, 1880, forty-two and one-halt acres; 1885, twenty-five\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.30. County indebt-\\nedness, 1887, 18.742. Potato crop, 1885, 7,253 bushels. Wool clip, 1885,\\n2,202 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 22,867 pounds;\\neggs, 9,443 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICiC ADDRESS nF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Oleik T. G. Orr Bangor\\nTreasurer B. F. Elliott Bangor\\nsheriff H. Webster Bangor\\nClerk District Court H. C. Grupe Bangor\\nProbate Judge James R. Ho\\\\ ell Rlueblanket.\\nRegister of Deeds T. G. Orr Bangor\\nAttorney W, B. Burr Bangor\\nSuperintendent of Schools G. J. -chellenger Bangor\\nSurveyor I. Budlam Rangor\\nCoroner O. J. Sturgeon Walworth\\nAssessor T. J. Thompson Walworth\\nJacob Elfnick Bangor\\nCommissioners Ole O. Romslow Walworth\\nH. H. Mason Bowdle\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nBangor Pcranton Walworth.\\nBlueblanket Smalley j\\nLe Beau Theodore", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "486\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA\\nWARD COUNTS\\nCreated in 1885, from parts of Stevens, Renville and Wallace. Bound-\\naries changed, March 11, 1887, part from McHenry.\\nWard county is situated in northern Dakota, between the 101st and 102d\\ndegrees ot west longitude, and the second county south of the Interna-\\ntional boundary line. Principal stream is the Souris or Mouse river, which\\nenters the county on the northwest, and flows through diagonally, passing\\nout at the extreme southeast. The DeLacs river, an important tributary\\nof the Mouse, waters a few of the northwestern townships. Numerous\\nlakes and ponds of good water are found in the Coteaus. These lakes\\nvary in size, from five to 500 acres. Heavy timber, including the oak,\\nash, aspen, box-elder, and other varieties, line the banks of the Mouse.\\nAn abundance of coal is .found in Ward county. Surface of the eastern\\nand northern portions, extensive prairie and river valley. The Coteaus\\nof the Plateau du Missouri, cross the southwestern part of the count} on\\na line parallel with, and about twenty miles west of the Mouse. The Co-\\nteaus have the usual hilly, broken surface of well- watered lands, covered\\nwith nutritious pasturage extending several miles in width; beyond\\nwhich, the country again descends to a level plain. Between the Co-\\nteaus and the Mouse, the country is high and rolling. The valley of the\\nMouse is from one-half to two miles in width, hemmed in by steep and\\nrugged bluffs. With its rich soil, abundant supply of pure water, perfect\\nshelter, and cheap fuel the county offers great inducements to farmers\\nand stock growers.\\nMiles of railroad in county: St. Paul, Minneapolis Manitoba railway,\\nforty-two miles; stations: Minot, Siding 10, Siding 11, Siding 12, Siding 13.\\nVacant public lands, 701,600 acres.\\nThere is one bank doing business in this county, as follows: Bank of\\nMinot, at Minot, E. A. Mears, president.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nThe Times, E. J. Taylor, editor and publisher, Minot; The Tribune,\\nCharles E. Gregory, ed itor and publisher, Minot; The Reporter, Charles\\nBlair, editor and manager, Burlington.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nBurlington, in the center, is the county seat. It has a population of 150;\\nschool-building, valued at $700; public buildings, valued at 12,000; brick-\\nyard court-house and jail contracted for. An excellent quality of lig-\\nnite coal is mined near the town.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\n_ Miaot, on the Mouse river; population, 1,000; schools; church organiza-\\ntions; division car-shops, employing several hundred men: business\\nhouses; hotels, etc. An abundance of lignite coal is found in the vicinity\\nof Minot,\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and|\\nAsse.\u00c2\u00b0.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1886\\n1887\\n94\\n297\\n19\\n1.792\\n2.589\\n44\\n730\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2108\\n166\\n40,336\\n69,391\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValnaiinn Town L ots j Personal Prop- To J*} t H e A\\n\\\\aluation. valuatiou jerty valuation. l* l on f\\n1886\\n1887\\n2.120\\n3.950\\n7,890\\n27 ,395\\n14,919\\n69.415\\n59.205\\n174.091", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n487\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887. ______^__\\ni Bushels in Bushels in l Bushels in\\n1880. 1880. 1887.\\nWheat\\nCorn\\nOats\\nKye\\nBuck \\\\v heat.\\nBarlev\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n2,445\\n730\\n1,335\\n8\\n47\\n9.000\\n4.500\\n60,000\\n4.200\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 257. Lands improved, 1885,\\n3,028 acres. Number of farms, 1885, eighty-nine. Average size of farms,\\n1885, thirty-four acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $3.73.\\nPotato crop, 1885, 4,176 bushels. Dairy and other farm products, 1885:\\nbutter, 11,840 pounds; cheese, 400 pounds; eggs, 2,697 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName.\\nP. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk\\nTreasurer\\nSheriff\\nClerk District Court\\nProbate Judge\\nRegister of Deeds\\nAttorney\\nSuperintendent of School?..\\nSurveyor\\nCoroner\\nAssessor\\nCommissioners.\\nL. S. Foot\\nMichael Muir\\nA. T. Tracy\\nJames Johnson\\nJohn Bouholzer...\\nL. 8. Foot\\nChas. Gregory\\nBurt L. Griffith..\\nH. C. Salisbury\\nGeo. Carpenter\\nO. C. Benson\\nChris. Rasmus-en\\nWm. Nack\\nDenis Brogan\\nBurlington..\\nBurlington.\\nBurlington\\nBurlington\\nBurlington\\nBurlington\\nMinot\\nMinot\\nBurlington\\nMinot\\nBurlington\\nBurlington\\nBurlington\\nMinot\\nBurlington Echo\\nLIST OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY,\\nMinot\\n1887.\\nSaint Cail.\\nWASHABAUGH COUNTY.\\nCreated March 9, 1883.\\nWashabaugh county is situated in southern Dakota, west of the Mis-\\nsouri, and south of White river. It is entirely within the boundaries of\\nthe Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the Sioux reservation\\nelsewhere in this publication.\\nWASHINGTON COUNTY.\\nCreated March 9, 1883.\\nWashington county is situated in southwestern Dakota. It lies entirely\\nwithin the boundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article\\non the Sioux reservation elsewhere in this publication.\\nWELLS COUNTY.\\nFormerly Gingras. Created January 4, 1873. Name was changed Feb-\\nruary 2(3, 1881. Boundaries changed in 1883, and again in 1885. Organized\\nJune 25. 1881, by the appointment, by the Governor, of the following\\ncommissioners, Viz.: Thos. R. Williams, Joseph P. Cox, and Marshall\\nBrinton.\\nWells county is situated in northern Dakota, at the very head waters\\nof the James river, between the 47th and 48th degrees of latitude. The\\nShevenne river drains the northern townships. The James river takes it\\nrise in the middle-western portions. The Pipestem waters the southern", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "ss\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nhalf of the county. Timber along the streams is comparatively light,\\nthough some fine groves border on the Sheyenne. Several lakes are scat-\\ntered over the area of Wells county. Surface, generally, undulating, up-\\nland prairie some portions quite level. The bottom lands, along the\\nSheyenne, average about half a mile in width. The southwestern part of\\nthe countv is broken by the low hills, and uneven surface of the Coteaus\\nthe most noticeable elevation of which is the majestic, towering peak,\\nin the southern boundary, known as the Hawk s Nest. Its slopes are\\nwell timbered. A large portion of the lands in Wells county are admira-\\nbly adapted to farming, and the growing of stock Soil, a dark, deep\\nloam, beneath which is a stratum of clay sub-soil, containing shelly, calca-\\nreous marl.\\nMiles of railroad in county: Northern Pacific railroad, (Jamestown-\\nNorthern line.) 6.8 miles: station: Sykeston.\\nVacant public lands, 365,550 acres. Bismarck land district, 216,000\\nacres; Devils Lakeland district, 150,560 acres.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nSykeston, on the Pipestem river, is the county seat. Population, 200;\\nschool-building, valued at $900; church edifice, valued at $900: business\\nhouses; hotels; grain warehouses, etc. Assessed valuation town property,\\n1836, real, $20,000; personal, $50,000; total $70,000.\\nschools, (statistics 1886.)\\nNumber of organized townships, five; school population, eighty-eight;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, two; number of school- houses\\nbuilt in 1886, one; average monthly pay of teachers, males,\\n$42.50; .females, $36.00; value of all school property, $1,887.62; ex-\\npended for school purposes during year ending June 30, 1886, $2,009.13;\\ncash remaining in school treasury, June 30, 1886, $334.87; par amount\\nof school bonds outstanding June 30, 1886, $1,200.00; average rate of in-\\nterest paid on bonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstand-\\ning June 30, 1886, $8,872.47.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nHorses.\\nMules and!\\ni Asses.\\nCattle.\\nSheep.\\nSwine.\\nValuation.\\n1887\\n187\\n332\\n421\\n160\\n320\\n567\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\n274\\n147\\nly,760\\n31,860\\n44,840\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\n(Personal Prop- 1 T \u00c2\u00bb*eBsed\\n[erty valuation. \u00e2\u0084\u00a2X\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n136.728\\n159,807\\n247,950\\n443.850\\n520.735\\n716.330\\n34.045\\n35.305\\n37.080\\n16.360\\n21.6:53\\n22.870\\n514,015\\n609,563\\n821.140\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in Bushels in Bushels in\\n1880. 1885. 1887.\\nWheat.\\nCorn....\\nOats\\nRye\\nBarlev.\\nFlax.:..\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\nnone\\n100.553\\n25\\n73.612\\n600\\n1,030\\n220,320\\n60\\n76,164\\n375\\n50\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, none; 1885, 285. Lands improved, 1885,\\n13,051 acres. Number of farms, 1885, US. Average size of farms, 1885,\\nseventy-six acres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $2.88.\\nCounty indebtedness, 1887, |7,050. Potato crop, 1S85, 4.700 bushels.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA. 489\\nDairy and other farm products, 1885: butter, 4,400 pounds; eggs, 2,-\\n585 dozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice. Name. P. O. Address.\\nCounty Clerk C. V. Brown Sykestou.\\nTreasurer D. T. Davis Sykestou.\\nSheriff J. J. O Counell Sykestou.\\nClerk District Court Newton A .how sykestou.\\nProbate Judge H. B. hess Sykest u.\\nRegister ot Di eds V. Brown Sykestou.\\nSuperintendent of Schools Marshall Brinton Sykestou.\\nCoroner Seymour Lee |sykeston.\\nAssessor J. P. Hardy jSykeston.\\nE. Spokesrield (chairman) Sykestou.\\nCommissioners r Ceo. W. Foster [Sykeston.\\nMark Kady Sykestou.\\nLIS1 OF POSTOFFICES IN COUNTY, 1887.\\nSYKESTON.\\nWILLIAMS COUNTY.\\nCreated, January 8. 1873, from original territory. Boundaries changed,\\n1885, parts to Mercer. Dunn, and Wallace. Unorganized.\\nWilliams county is situated in northern Dakota, north of the 47th de-\\ngree of latitude, on the west and south banks of the Missouri river. In\\naddition to the Missouri river, which forms the northern boundary, Wil-\\nliams county is watered by the Little Missouri through the north, and\\nby the Big Knife, and its numerous affluents flowing in an easterly\\ncourse through the central and southern portions. Surface, high, rolling,\\nand level, even prairie, river and creek bottoms, and bluffs. The Mis-\\nsouri river, adjacent to the northern boundary of Williams county, has\\nthe usual characteristics of broken bluffs, ravines and gorges, creeks and\\nnarrow valleys. The river bottoms are fringed with a considerable\\ngrowth of native timber, and also the numerous islands of the latter\\nstream. Williams county contains a huge amount of excellent farming\\nand grazing lands. The surface and soil compare favorably with that of\\nneigh boring counties.\\nVacant public lands, 337,920 acres.\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1880, fifteen; 1885, thirty-six.\\nYANKTON COUNTY.\\nArea, 337,020 acres. Created April 10, 1862. Organized the same year\\nby the appointment, by the Governor, of the following commissioners,\\nviz.: O. B. Wheeler, Justus To wnsend, and Henry Bradlev.\\nYankton county is situated in the southeastern part of Dakota, on the\\nNebraska boundary line, at the point where the James river adds its\\nvolume to that of the Missouri. The Missouri river washes the southern\\nboundary of the county its entire length, and the James flows through\\nit, diagonally, from- northwest to southeast. There are several smaller\\nstreams in the county. In the northeastern part there are many\\nsmall lakes and ponds. Groves of native timber, consisting principally\\nof cottonwood, elm, box-elder, willow, and oak, are found in considerable\\nbodies along the bottom lands, and on the islands of the Missouri river.\\nThe course ot the James is fringed wi h a scattering growth of trees. Al-\\nthough Yankt n county lies in two great river valleys, but a small propor-\\ntion consists of what is generally known as bottom land. The surface\\nis mostly beautiful, rolling prairie, with now and then a stream of water\\nor a little lake. The Missouri river bottoms vary in width from one mile\\nto several, and are extremely fertile. The valley of the James averages,\\nperhaps, a mile in width of equally g od land. A high range of bluffs", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "490 RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\nborders the Missouri river above Yankton city, and the James river is\\nflanked on either side by lesser elevations. Soil, a deep, loam strong,\\nwarm, and quick; dries easily on the surface, but holds moisture below;\\nsub-soil, clay. Yankton county is well watered and thoroughly drained.\\nQuarries of chalk-rock, and deposits of fine, brick clay are contained\\nwithin in its limits.\\nMiles of railway in county: Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul railway\\n(Sioux City Mitchell line,) thirty-one miles; stations: Gayville, Yank-\\nton, Utica, Lesterville. Chicago Northwestern railway, Yankton-Cen-\\ntre ville line,) fourteen miles; stations: Yankton, Voiin. Total miles of\\nrailroad in county, forty-five miles.\\nVacant public lands, none.\\nBANKS.\\nThere are five banks doing business in this county, as follows: First Na-\\ntional Bank, at Yankton, J. C. McVay, president; W. H. McVay, cashier.\\nMortgage Bank, at Yankton, E. A. Bruce, cashier. Yankton Bank, at\\nYankton. McKinney Scougal, at Yankton, R. W. Burns, cashier.\\nYankton Savings Bank, A. W. Howard, president; M. T. Wooley, cashier.\\nNEWSPAPERS.\\nDaily Press and Dakotaian, Bo wen Kingsbury, editors and publishers,\\nYankton. Telegram, John L. Pennington, Jr., editor and publisher,\\nYankton. Dakoti Herald, W. S. Elder, editor and publisher, Yankton.\\nGlobe, L. D. Cavalier, editor and publisher, Yankton. Dakota\\nFreie-Presse, John C. Wenzlaff, editor and publisher, Yankton. \\\\V. C.\\nT. XL, Miss Louisa Tanner, editor, Yankton. Tribune, Tribune Publish-\\ning Association, editors and publishers, Yankton. Dakota Post, Paul\\nHarmann, editor, Yankton. Student, F. B. Riggs, editor, Yankton.\\nCOUNTY SEAT.\\nYankton, on the Missouri rivei, is the county seat. It has a population\\nof 4,500; five school buildings, valued at 125,030; seven church edifices,\\nvalued at $30,000; court-house and jail, valued at $16,0)0; water-works\\n(artesian) system, valued at $50,000; electric light plant projected ;flour-mill;\\nwoolen-mill; pressed-brick manufactory; two brick-yards; linseed oil-\\nmill; tow mill; two breweries; foundry and machine shops. Total amount\\ninvested in manufactories, $500,000. The congregational college, located\\nat Yankton, is described on page 215 of this publication. Assessed val-\\nuation city property, 1886, real, $500,000; personal, $150,000. Total,\\n$650,000. For description of the Dakota hospital for the insane, Yankton,\\nsee page 23 L.\\nOTHER IMPORTANT TOWNS.\\nGayville, in the southeast; school building, valued at $1,000; artesian\\nwell; general stores; grain warehouses, etc. Jamesville. on the James\\nriver; population, fifty; school building, valued at $750; flour- mi 11. valued\\nat $8,000; general stores, etc. Lesterville, in the west; population, 200;\\nschool building, valued at $600; church organizations; business houses;\\ngrain warehouses, hotels, etc.\\nSCHOOLS, (STATISTICS 1886.)\\nNumber of organized districts, fifty-nine; school population, 3,631;\\nnumber of school-houses in district, sixty-one; number ot school-houses\\nbuilt in 1886, nine average monthly pay of teachers, males, $32.00; females,\\n$30.00; value of all school property $60,515.00; expended for school pur-\\nposes during the year ending June 30, 1886, $30,412.56; cash remaining in\\nschool treasury, June 30, 18S6, $4,667.20; par amount of school bonds\\noutstanding June 30, 1886, $22,250.00; average rate of interest paid on\\nbonds, eight per cent.; amount of school warrants outstanding .Tune 30,\\n1886, $341.71.\\nLIVE STOCK STATISTICS.\\nYear. Horses. Ml A s| e s nd Cattle I Sheep. Swine. Valuation.\\n1880 2.952 77 9.737 4 724 5,836\\n18S5 3,600 100 13.070 9,180 6,482 312,637\\n1886 4.071 120 15,675 7.008 6,152 309,105\\n1887 4,521 109 15,740 4 960 9,211. 399,695", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\\n491\\nVALUATION STATISTICS.\\nYear.\\nAcres Real\\nEstate.\\nValuation.\\nTown Lots\\nvaluation.\\nt^o^.i tj,.\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 I Total assessed\\nPersonal Prop- valuation of\\nerty valuation. 1\\ncounts\\n1880\\n1885\\n1886\\n1887\\n258.547\\n265,994\\n276.249\\n1,182.638\\n913 720\\n972,195\\n1,444 235\\n661,095\\n660.605\\n951.913\\nS 449,465\\n291,299\\n300,200\\n349,090\\nS 1,582.103\\n2.178.751\\n2,242.105\\n3,144,933\\n1880, personal property includes live stock.\\nFARM STATISTICS.\\nTable showing product of field crops, on farms in county, for years 1880,\\n1885, and 1887.\\nBushels in\\n1880.\\nBushels in\\n1885.\\nBushels in\\n1887.\\nWheat 76,741 81,349 217,456\\nCorn 220,953 418,393 866.838\\nOats 120.644 2*1.790 484,128\\nRye 590 2,071 3.280\\nBuckwheat 61 391 300\\nBarley 11,127 8 853 11.822\\nFlax i 1 72,513\\nMISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.\\nPopulation of county, 1870, 2,097; 1880, 8,390; 1885, 9,404, Lands im-\\nproved, 1880, 47,017 acres; 1885, 144,519 acres. Number of farms, 1880,\\n,S79; 1885, 925. Average size of farms, 18S0, fifty-four acres; 1885, 156\\nacres. Average assessed valuation per acre, 1887, $5.23. Countv in-\\ndebtedness. 18S7, $348,448. Potato crop, 1885, 40,524 bushels. Wool clip,\\n1885, 50,070 pounds. Dairy and other farm products, 1885: milk,\\n1,069 gallons; butter, 323,024 pounds; cheese, 4,801 pounds; eggs, 110,397\\ndozen.\\nNAME AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1887.\\nOffice.\\nName\\nP. O. Address.\\nAuditor Christian Hage\\nTrea\u00c2\u00aburer Herman E Herman\\nSheriff Frederick Kin eel\\nClerk District ourt E. G. Edgerton\\nProbata Judge Leonidas Congleton\\nRejristur of Deeds Christian Hameister\\nAttorney L. K. French\\nSuperintendent of Schools N. M. Hills.\\nSurveyor Edward Palmer\\nCoroner R. B. McGlumphy\\nAssessor Ellery H. Duun\\nWm. H. Edmunds, (chairman).\\njornraissioners.\\nOle Kjeldseth.,\\nJames Donahue-\\nJohn Aaseth...\\nAnton L. PeifTVr\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nYankton...\\nWakonda.\\nYankton...\\nGayville...\\nLakeport.\\nLIST OF POSTOFF1CES IN COUNTY\\n1887.\\nGayville\\nLesrerville\\nMnrindahl\\nMayrield\\nNorway\\nVolin\\nJamesville\\nLaGr ngc\\nWalshtown\\nYankton\\nLakeport\\nZ skov\\nZIEBACH COUNTY.\\nCreated February 10, 1877.\\nZiebach county is situated in southwestern Dakota, entirely within the\\nboundaries of the Great Sioux Indian reservation. See article on the\\nSi ux reservation elsewhere in this publication.", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nA\\nAberdeen land district, vacant land\\nin, etc 291\\nAcknowledgements 6\\nAcknowledgements, legal 304\\nAcreage in farms, 1860, 1870, 1880, and\\n1885 266\\nAdmission of Dakota as a state, legis-\\nlation in regard to 17- ,19\\nAgencies, Indian 250-251\\nAgricultural college 197-199\\nAgricultural products 78-151\\nAlbuminoids in wheat, comparative\\ntable 78\\nAlbuminoids in corn, comparative\\ntable 97\\nAlfalfa 107-110\\nAlliance, faimers 249\\nAllotments in severalty to Indians.. 253 256\\nAllred county 315\\nAil Saints school 219-220\\nAltitudes, table of 189-190\\nAnalyses, artesian wafers 185\\nAnalysis, coal (lignite) ]60\\nAnalyses, corn 97\\nAnalysis of water from the Hot\\nSprings 163\\nAnalyses; wheat 78\\nArbor Day 127-128\\nArea of Dakota, comparative tables...\\n26- 27\\nArea by counties 315-491\\nArea public lauds disposed of, etc 292\\nArtesian wells 179-188\\nArtesian wells, analyses of waters of... 18.3\\nArtesian wells, table showing depth.\\npressure, etc 186-187\\nArtesian weils, record ol strata pene-\\ntrated by 188\\nArvilla academy 221\\nAssessed valuation of the Territory,\\n1879 to 1887 264\\nAssignments, legal 304\\nAttachment, etc., exemptions from 291\\nAttachments, legal, process of 304\\nAverage assessed valuation, by Coun-\\nties 315 491\\nAverage size oi farms, by counties.. 315-491\\nAugustana college 222\\nAurora county 315\\nB\\nBanks, comparative table of 302\\nBanks, by counties 315-491\\nBanking institutions 300-305\\nBarley 101-102\\nBarley crop, i860. 1870, 1880, 1885, and\\n1887 101\\nBarnes county 317\\nBeadle county 319\\nBeets, sugar 111-112\\nBenson county 321\\nHillings county 323\\nBismarck land district 291\\nBlack Hills, the 165-178\\nBlack Hills, an article b Prof. F. R.\\nCarpenter, A. M 167-177\\nBlack Hills, buildingstone in 176\\nBlack Hills, copper in 176\\nBlack Hills, fire and potter s clay in.... 177\\nBlack Hills, gold and silver 170-173\\nBlack Hiils, gypsum in 176\\nBlack Hills, mica in 176\\nBlack Hills, tin in 173-176\\nBlack Hills, vield of precious metals\\nfrom 1877 to 1887 178\\nBlue grass 107-110\\nBonhomme county 324\\nBoremau county 826\\nBottineau county 326\\nBowman county 328\\nBrick clay 163-164\\nBrookings county 328\\nBrown county 330\\nBrule county 333\\nBuckwheat 101-102\\nBuckwheat crop, 1860. 1870, 1880, 1885,\\nf-nd 1887 102\\nBuildingstone 157-159, 176\\nBuffalo county 335\\nBuford countv 337\\nBuildings, public 197-215,225-234\\nBui dings, public, amount invested in.. 233\\nBurdiek county 337\\nBurleigh county 337\\nButte county...! 339\\nButter, product in 1885, by counties 315 491\\nc\\nCampbell county 340\\nCapital building Front ispiece\\nCapital of the Territory 225\\nCarpenter. Prof. F. ft., article on Black\\nHills by, 167-177\\nCass county 342\\nCattle, comparative table 130\\nCaUle, number in United States 149\\nCattle, cost of raising 146-149\\nCattle, average value 149\\nCavalier county 3-15\\nCement 103-164\\nCentennial award on wheat 79\\nCharles Mix countv 346\\nCheese, product in 1885, by countie 315-491\\n(\u00e2\u0096\u00a0hot* au county 348\\nChutch countv 348\\nChuich statistics 238\\nCities and towns, growth ol 10\\nC ark countv 349\\nClav, brick..! 163-164, 177\\nClay, potter s 163-164, 177", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDEX.\\n4\u00c2\u00ab):\\nClay, fire 177\\nClav countv 350 j\\nClimate of Dakota 43- 71\\nClimate, health fulness of 67-71\\nCoal 159-161\\nCoal, map showing area of. 160-161 i\\nCoal, analysis of 160\\nCodington county 352\\nCollege, agricultural 197-199\\nCollege, Ail Saints 219 220\\nCollege, Augustana 222\\nColleges, commercial and business 222\\nCollege, cleat mute 213-215\\nCollege, Fargo 221\\nCollege. Groton 218-219\\nCollege, Jamestown 221\\nCollege. Madison normal 204-207\\nCollege of mines and mining 210-213\\nColl ge, Red field 220-221\\nCollege. Spearfish normal 208-209\\nCollege, Yankton 215-216\\nCommercial laws 303-305\\nCommuted homesteads 285\\nCouncilmen. number of 20\\nCounties of Dakota 315-491\\nAllred county 315\\nAurora county 315\\nBarnes countv 317\\nBeadle county, 319\\nBenson county 321\\nBillings county 323\\nBonhomme county 324\\nBoreman county 326\\nBottineau county 326\\nBowman county 328\\nBrookings county 328\\nBrown county 330\\nBrule county 333\\nBuffalo county 335\\nBuford county 337\\nBurdick county 337\\nBur eigh county 337\\nButte county 339\\nCampbell county 340\\nCass county 342\\nCavalier county 345\\nCharles Mix county 346\\nChoteau county 348\\nChurch county 348\\nClark county 349\\nClay county 350\\nCodington county 352\\nCuster county 355\\nDavison county 357\\nDay county 359\\nDeiauo county 360\\nDeuel county 361\\nDewey county 363\\nDickey county 363\\nDouglas county 365\\nDunn county 366\\nEddy county 367\\nFdrnuuds county 368\\nEmmons county 370\\nEwing county 372\\nFall River county 372\\nFaulk county 373\\nFlannery county 375\\nFoster countv 375\\nGarfield county 377\\nGrand Forks county 377\\nGrant, county 380\\nGregory county 382\\nGriggs county t- 382\\nHamlin county 383\\nHand count 385\\nHanson county 387\\nHarding county 389\\nHettinger county 389\\nHughes county 390\\nI Hutchinson countv 392\\nHyde county 394\\nJackson county 396\\nJerauld county 396\\nKidder county 398\\nKingsbury county 4 i0\\nFake county 402\\nLaMoure county 404\\nLawrence county 406\\nLincoln county 409\\nLogan county 411\\nLugenbeel county 412\\nLyman county 412\\nMarshall county 412\\nMartin county..! 414\\nMcCook county 414\\nMc Henry county 416\\nMclniosh county 418\\nMcKenzie county 419\\nMcLean county 419\\nMcFherson county 421\\nMercer county 423\\nMeyer county 425\\nMiner county 425\\nMinnehaha county 427\\nMoody county 430\\nMorton county 432\\nMountraille county 434\\nNelson county 434\\nNowlin county 436\\nOliver county 437\\nPembina county 438\\njrenniugton county 440\\nPierce county 443\\nPotter county 443\\nPratt, county 445\\nPresho county 445\\nPyatt county 445\\nRamsey county 445\\nRansom county 448\\nRenville county 450\\nRichland county 450\\nRinehart county 452\\nRoberts county.! 453\\nRolette countv 454\\nSanborn county 456\\nSargent county 458\\nSchnasse county 461\\nScobey county 461\\nShannon county 461\\nSheridan c only 461\\nSpink county.... 461\\nStanley County.... 464\\nStark county 464\\nSteele county 466\\nSterling county 468\\nStevens county 408\\nStutsman county 468\\nSully county 471\\nTodd county 472\\nTowner county 473\\nTraill county 474\\nTripp county 476\\nTurner county 477\\nUnion county 479\\nWagner county 481\\nWallace county 481\\nWalsh county 481\\nWalworth county 484\\nWard county 486\\nWashabaugh county 487\\nWashington county 487\\nWells county 487\\nWilliams county 489\\nYankton county 489\\nZiebach county 491\\nCounties, indebtedness of... 267-268,315-491\\nCounty indebtedness per capita, com-\\nparative table of. 269", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "494\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDEX.\\nCounty officers, name and postoffice.\\naddress 315-491\\nCounty, postoffices in each 315-491\\ncounty-seat of each county 315-491\\nCorn 93- 98\\nCorn, analyses of. comparative table... 97\\nCorn crop of 1886, comparative table.... 94\\nCorn crop in 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885, and\\n1887 96\\nCopper 176\\nCourts, district, time and place of\\nholding 307-309\\nCourts, summary of the powers oi.. 306 307\\nCrops of 1887 9-10,315-491\\nCuster county 355\\nD\\nDairy products, 1885, by counties... 315-\\nDakota university 216-\\nDavison county\\nDay county\\nDeadwood land district\\nDeaf mutes, school tor 213-\\nDelano county\\nDelegates in Congress, names of.\\nDeuel county\\nDevils Lake land district\\nDewey county\\nDickey county\\nDistrict courts, time and place of\\nholding 3o7-\\nDistricts, Legislative, number of.\\nDivision oT the Territory, legislation\\non tne subject of 17-\\nDouglas county\\nDunn county\\nE\\nEddy county\\nEdmunds county\\nEducational institutions 191\\nEducation of the Indians 222-\\nEggs, product in 1885, by counties. 315-\\nEmmons county\\nEwihg county\\nExecutions, leg-\\nExemptions, legal 294-\\nExtraets from the United States stat-\\nutes 297-\\nFall River county\\nFargo college\\nFargo land district\\nFarms, acreage of, in 1860, 1870, 1880,\\nand 1885\\nFarm animals 129-\\nFarm auiinals, number and average\\nvalue, in United States\\nFarmers alliance\\nFarms, average assessed valuation per\\nacre fromlSSl to 1887\\nFarms, average size of, in each county,\\n315\\nFarms, average Territorial tax levy,\\n1881-1887\\nFarms in each county 315\\nFarm machinery .value of, in 1860, 1870,\\n1880 and 1885\\nFarm statistics of each county 315\\nFarms, value of, in i860, 1870, 1880, and\\n1885\\nFaulk county\\nFinal proof, rules governing\\nFinancial condition of the Territory...\\n260-\\nFlannery county\\n491\\n217\\n357\\n359\\n292\\n2? 5\\n3 -.0\\n20\\n361\\n292\\n363\\n363\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2309\\n20\\n19\\n865\\n366\\n3i.:S\\n224\\n224\\n491\\n370\\n31 2\\n305\\n296\\n299\\n372\\n221\\n266\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0151\\n149\\n249\\n266\\n491\\n266\\n491\\n266\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2491\\n265\\n373\\n284\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0270\\n375\\nFlax 99-100\\nFort Berthold Indian reservation 259\\nFoster couuty 375\\nFruit culture 113-117\\nGarfield county 377\\nGas, natural 153-157\\nGeography of Dakota 25\\nGeology oi Black Hills 167-177\\nGeology of Black Hills, cross section\\nshowing 169\\nGeology of Black Hills, map showing...\\n176-177\\nGeology of Dakota 29- 31\\nGold and silver 170-173\\nGold and silver, product 1877 to 1887 178\\nGovernment land laws 280-287\\nGovernment land office^, etc 291-29S\\nGovernment surveys, explanation of....\\n281-290\\nGovernors of the Territory, names of... 20\\nGrand Forks county 377\\nGrand Forks land district 293\\nGranite 157-159, 176\\nGrant county 380\\nGreat Sioux Indian reservation 256-25*\\nGregory county 382\\nGriggs county 382\\nGrowth of citie s and towns 10\\nGroton college 218-219\\nGypsum 176\\nH\\nHamlin county 383\\nHand county.. 385\\nHanson county 387\\nHay, native and cultivated 107-110\\nHav, crop of, in 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885, J\\nand 1887 110\\nHarding county 389\\nHealthiulness of the climate 67- 71\\nHettinger county 389\\nHistorical 16- 24\\nHistory, early 20- 24\\nHistory of first attempts at naviga-\\ntion 72- 75\\nHogs, number in 1886, comparative ta-\\nble 144\\nHogs, number in each county 315-491\\nHogs, number in U. S., and average\\nvalue 149\\nHorses, cost of raising 148-149\\nHorses, number in 1886, comparative\\ntable 134\\nHorses, number in each county 315-491\\nHorses, number in U. S., and average\\nvalue 149\\nHomestead, commuted 285\\nHomestead law 282\\nHomestead law, soldiers 283\\nHomestead, relinquishments of 286\\nHops 106\\nHospital for the insane, James-\\ntown 227-229\\nHospital for the insane, Yankton 231\\nHot Springs 161-163\\nHot Springs, analysis of water of 163\\nHughes county 390\\nHuron land district 293\\nHutchinson county 392\\nHyde county\\nI\\nIndebtedness of each county.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDEX\\n495\\n267-268, 81P-491\\nIndebtedness, comity per capita, com-\\nparative table 269\\nIndian agencies 2 1\\nIndians, allotments in severalty to.. 253-256\\nIndian education 222-224\\nIndian population 251\\nIndian reservations 250-259\\nIndian reservations, area of 292\\nIndian reservation, Fort Herthold 259\\nIndian reservation. Great Sioux.... 256-258\\nIndian reservation, Turtle Mountain...\\n258-259\\nInformation lor settlers 810-812\\nInsane hospital, Jamestown.... 227-229\\nInsane hospital, Yankton 231\\nImmigration 8-9\\nImportant towns in each county.. 315-491\\nImproved lands in each county. 315-491\\nInsolvency, law of 304\\nInterest, legal rate 303\\nIntroductory 7- 15\\nJackson count*- 396\\nJamestown college 221\\nJasper 157-159\\nJerauld county 396\\nJudges of district courts 5, 307-3o9\\nJudgments at law 305\\nJudicial, districts, etc 307-3 ;9\\nJudiciary, powers of U.e 306-307\\nKidder county 398\\nKingsbury county 400\\nLake county 402\\nLakes and livers 72- 76\\nLaMoure county 404\\nLand, average assessed valuation per\\nacre, 1881 to 1887 266\\nLands, average assessed valuation by\\ncounties 315-491\\nLand districts 291-2y3\\nLands disposed of, area 292\\nLand entries 271-277\\nLand entries, for year ending June\\n30, 18S7 272\\nLands entered from 1875 to 1887, by\\nyears 276\\nLands improved in each comity.... 315-491\\nLand laws 280-287\\nLand subject to entry, area ot 292\\nLand surveys, how made 288-290\\nLands taken up by settl rs, compara-\\ntive table of 277\\nLands vacant 275\\nLawrence county 4u6\\nLaws, commercial 303-305\\nLaws, land 280-287\\nLegislative districts, number of 20\\nLegislature, sessions of 20\\nLew, average Territorial tax, 1881 to\\n1887 266\\nLew, sale, etc., exemptions from 294\\nLignite 159-161\\nLignite, analysis of 160\\nLignite, map showing known area.. 160-161\\nLimestone 176\\nLimitations, law of 305\\nLincoln county 409\\nLive stock 129-151\\nLive stock, cost of raising cattle 146-149\\nLive stock, cost of raising horses 149\\nLive stock, cost of raising sheep 139\\nLive stock, growing interest in 15\\nLive stock, hogs, comparative table of.. 144\\nLive stock, horses, comparative\\ntableof 134\\nLive stock, mules, comparative table of 140\\nLive stock, number and value of, in\\nUnited States 149\\nLive stock, oxen, milch cows, etc.,\\ncomparative table of 130\\nLive stock, sheep, comparative table of 147\\nLive stock statistics of each county\\n815-491\\nLive stock, value of in 1860 1870, 1880,\\n1885, and 1887 129\\nLogan county 411\\nLugenbeel county 412\\nLyman county 412\\nM\\nMachinery, farm, value in I860, 1870\\n1880, and 1885 266\\nManufactories 278\\nManufactories, growth or 14\\nMap, cross section of Black Hills for-\\nmation 169\\nMap, geological of the Black Hills 176-177\\nMap oi known coal area 160-161\\nMarble 157-159, 176\\nMarried women, legal rights of. 305\\nMarshall county 412\\nMartin county 411\\nMcCook county 414\\nAicHenry county 416\\nMcintosh county 418\\nMcKenzie county 419\\nMcLean county 419\\nMcPberson county 421\\nMercer county 428\\nMever countv 425\\nMica 161,176\\nMilch cows, oxen, etc, comparative\\ntabic 130\\nMilch cows, oxen, etc., number in each\\ncounty 815-491\\nMilch c \\\\\\\\s, etc., number and value\\nin United Stales 149\\nMilk, product in 188b, in each countv..\\n815-491\\nMineral deposits, map showing 176-177\\nMineral resources 152-178\\nMineral resources, of Black Hills.. 167-177\\nMiner county 425\\nMinnehaha county 427\\nMines, school of 210-218\\nMitchell land district 293\\nMoody county 430\\nMortality statistics 67\\nMortgages, law of 304\\nMorton county 432\\nMountains and hills 28-29\\nMountraille county 434\\nMules in each county 815-491\\nMules, number in 1886, comparative\\ntableof 140\\nMules, number and value in Uuited\\nStates 149\\nN\\nNavigable streams 72- 75\\nNatural gas 153-157\\nNelson county 434\\nNewspapers 247-248\\nNewspapers in each county 3i5-49l\\nNewspapers, comparative table of. 248\\nNewton, Prof. Henry, map of Black\\nHills 169", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "496\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDEX.\\nNitrogen in corn, comparative table of 97\\nNormal school, Madison 204-207\\nNormal school, Spearfisb 208-209\\nNorthern Pacific land grant, area of.... 292\\nNotes and bills of exchange, law of 303\\nNowlin comity 436\\nNumber of farms in each county... 315-491\\nOats 101-103\\nOats, crop in 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885, and\\n1887 101-102\\nOats crop of 1886, comparative table 103\\nOfficers, land 291-293\\nOfficers of each county, etc 315-491\\nOfficers, Territorial, salary, etc 4-5\\nOil 159\\nOliver county 437\\nOxen, milch cows, etc., comparative\\ntable 130\\nOxen, etc., number and value in U. S... 149\\nOxen, etc., in each county 315 491\\nPembina county 438\\nPenitentiary. Bismarck 227\\nPenitentiary. Sioux Falls 225\\nPenitentiaries, prisoners confined in,\\ncompared with population 237\\nPennington county 440\\nPetroleum 159\\nPierce county 443\\nPierre university 217\\nPlaster of Paris 163-164, 176\\nPopulation comparati\\\\e table of 273\\nPopular n in each county 315-491\\nPopulation in 1860. 1870. 1880, 1885, and\\n1887 274\\nPopulation. Indian 251\\nPostoffices 278\\nPostoffice address, Territorial Officials. 4-5\\nPostoffice address, county officials.. 315-491\\nPostoffices in each county 315-491\\nPostoffices, number of, comparative\\ntable 279\\nPotato crop m 1860, 1870, 1880. and 1885. 105\\nPotato crop, 1885, by counties 315 491\\nPotter county 443\\nPotter s clay 163-164, 177\\nPratt county 445\\nPrecipitation, annual, and monthly\\naverage.... 58\\nPrecipitation. April, avarage 60\\nPrecipitation. May, average 61\\nPrecipitation, June, average 62\\nPrecipit tion, July, average 63\\nPrecipitation, August, average 64\\nPrecipitation, September, average 65\\nPrecipitation, during growing months,\\naverag 66\\nPre-emption law 280\\nPre-emption relinquishments 286\\nPresho county 445\\nPrisoners in penitentiaries, compared\\nwith population 237\\nProgress and development in 1887.... 7- 15\\nProof, final, rules of 284\\nPublic buildings 197-215. 225-234\\nPublic buildings, amount invested in.. 233\\nPublic domain, area taken, by years.... 276\\nPublic domain, how to obtain title\\nto the 280-287\\nPublic domain, settlement of 271-277\\nPublic domain, settlement of in six\\nyears, comparative table 277\\nPublic domain, remaining vacant 2,5\\nPublic schools 191-196\\nPublic schools, exhibit of growth of... 192\\nPublic schools, expenditures for, com-\\nparative table 194\\nPyatt county 445\\nQ.\\nQuartzite 157-159\\n11.\\nRailroads 242-246. 11- 14\\nRailroads in each county 315-491\\nRailroad extensions n_ 14\\nRailroads in each state, etc.. compara-\\ntive table 246\\nRainfall, annual and monthly average 58\\nRainfall, April, average 60\\nRainfall. May. average 61\\nRainfall, June, average 62\\nRainfall. July, average 63\\nRain all, August, average 64\\nRainfall, September, average 65\\nRainfall, during growing xnonths 66\\nRamsey county 445\\nRansom county 448\\nRedfield college 220-221\\nReform school 231-234\\nReligious intelligence 235-241\\nReligions, statistics, table of 238\\nRelinquishments, rules of 286\\nRenville county 450\\nRepresentatives, number of 20\\nReservations, Indian 250-259\\nReservations Indian, area of 292\\nReservations, Indian, allotments in\\nseveralty of 253-256\\nReservation, Indi ui. Fort Bert-hold 259\\nReservation, Indian, Great Sioux.. 256-258\\nReservation, Indian, Turtle Mountains\\n258-259\\nRichland county 450\\nRinenart county..., J52\\nRivers and lakes 72- 76\\nRoberts county 453\\nRolette county 454\\nRye 101-102\\nRye crop, in 1860, 1880. 1885 1887 101-102\\nSanborn county 456\\nSandstone 157-159.176\\nSalary of Territorial officials 4-5\\nSargent county 458\\nSehnasse county 461\\nSchools 191-224\\nSchool, agricultural college 197-199\\nSchool, All Saints 219-220\\nSchool. Arvilla academy 221\\nSchool, Augustana college 222\\nSchools, commercial and business 222\\nSchool, Dakota university 216-217\\nSchool, deaf mute 213-215\\nSchoo s, exhibit of groAvth of 192\\nSchools, expenditures for, comparative\\ntable 194\\nSchool, Fargo college 221\\nSchool, Groton college 218-219\\nSchools. Indian 222-224\\nSchool. Jamestown college 221\\nSchool lands, area of 292\\nSchool. Madison normal 204-207\\nSchool of mines 210-213\\nSchool, Pierre university 217\\nSchool, Redfield college. 220-221\\nSchool reform 231-234\\nSchool, Sioux Falls university 217-218\\nSchool, Spearfish normal 208-209", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "RESOURCES OF DAKOTA.-INDEX.\\n497\\nSchool statistics of each county 315-491\\nSchool, Tower university 221\\nSchool, university of Dakota 202-204\\nSchool, university of north Dakota. 19S-202\\nSchool, Yankton college 215-216\\nScob\u00c2\u00aby countv 461\\nSettlers, information for 310-312\\nSettlement, early 22- 24\\nSettlement of the public domain... 271-277\\nSettlement of public lands, from 1875\\nto 1887 276\\nSettlement in six years, comparative\\ntable 277\\nSeveralty, allotments in 253-256\\nShannon county 461\\nSheridan county 461\\nSheep, cost of raising 139\\nSheep in each oounty 315-491\\nSheep in 1886, comparative table of 147\\nSheep, number and value in United\\nStates 149\\nSheep, wool clip in 1870, 1880. and 1885.. 151\\nSignal stations, weather 46\\nSilver and gold 170-173\\nSilver and gold, product from 1877 to\\n1887 178\\nSioux Falls university 217-218\\nSioux Indian reservation 256-258\\nSnowfall, comparative table of. 55\\nSnow on ground, end of March 56\\nSoil 32- 42\\nSoil, analyses of 38- 40\\nSoldiers homestead law 283\\nSorghum 111-112\\nSpink county 461\\nStanley county 464\\nStark county 464\\nState and county indebtedness, per\\ncapita, comparative table of 269\\nStatehood, legislation with respect to\\n17 -19\\nStatntesof the U. S., extracts from.. 297-299\\nSteele county 466\\nSterling county 468\\nStevens countv 468\\nStock 129-151\\nStock, cost of raising cattle 146-149\\nStock, cost of raising horses 149\\nSrock, cost of raising sheep 139\\nStock in each county 315-491\\nStock, hogs, number of, comparative\\ntable 144\\nStock horses, number of, comparative\\ntable 134\\nStock, number farm animals, in\\nUnited States, etc 149\\nStock, mules, number of, compara-\\ntive table 140\\nStock, oxen, cows, etc, number of,\\ncomparative table 130\\nStock, sheep, number of, comparative\\ntable 147\\nStock, value of, in 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885\\nand 1887 129\\nStone for building 157-159, 176\\nStutsman county 468\\nSugar beets 111-112\\nSuits at law 305\\nSully county 471\\nSurveys, Government, how made. 288-290\\nSwine, comparative table for 1886 144\\nSwine in each county 315-491\\nSwine, number in United States, etc... 149\\nTable, analyses of soils....\\nTable, analyses of wheat.\\nTable, analyses of corn...\\nTable, analyses of coal 160\\nTable, analyses artesian waters 185\\nTable, analysts of water from the Hot\\nSprings 168\\nTable, altitudes 189-190\\nTable, acreage in farms, 1860, 1870, 1880.\\nand 1885 266\\nTable, area of states, etc., comparative\\n26- 27\\nTable, area acquired by settlement,\\ncomparative 277\\nTable, area disposed of, etc 292\\nTable, artesian wells, depth, pressure\\netc 186-187\\nTable, artesian wells, strata pene-\\ntrated by 188\\nTable, assessed value lands, 1881 to\\n1887 266\\nTable, assessed valuation 1879 to 1887. 264\\nTable, barley crop in 1860, 1870, 1880.\\n1885 and 1887 101-102\\nTable, buckwheat crop in 1860, 1870,\\n1880, 1885, and 1887 102\\nTable, banks, number of etc, compara-\\ntive 302\\nTable, church statistics 238\\nTable, clear, fair and cloudy days.\\ncomparative etc 56- 57\\nTable, corn ciop in 1860, 1870,1880, 1885,\\nand 1887 96\\nTable, corn crop of each state in 1886\\ncomparative 94\\nTable, farm animals in United States,\\netc 149\\nTable, farm machinery, value in I860\\n1870. 1880 and 1885 266\\nTable, farms, value in 1860, 1870, 1880,\\nand 1885 265\\nTable, gold and silver product 178\\nTable, hav crop in 1860, 1870, 1880. 1885,\\nand 1887 110\\nTable, hogs in each state, etc.; in 1886\\ncomparative 144\\nTable, horses in each state, etc., in\\n1886, comparative 134\\nTable, indebtedness, county 267-268\\nTable, indebtedness, state, etc., per\\ncapita, comparative 269\\nTable, Indian agencies 251\\nTable, Indian population 251\\nTable, Indian reservations 250\\nTable, live stock in 1860. 1870, 1880,\\n1885, and 1887 129\\nTable, mortality statistics 67\\nTable, mules in each state, etc., in\\n1886, comparative 140\\nTable, newspapers in each state in\\n1887, comparative 248\\nTable, oats crop in 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885,\\nand 1887 101-102\\nTable, oats crop, in each state, etc.,\\ncomparative 103\\nTable, oxen, etc., in each state, com-\\nparative 130\\nTable, population of each state, etc\\ncomparative 273\\nTable, population in 1860, 1870, 1880.\\n1885, and 1887 274\\nTable, postoffices, number in each\\nstate, etc., comparative 279\\nTable, potato crop in 1860, J870, 1880,\\nand 1885 105\\nTable, prisoners in penitentiaries, com-\\npared with population 237\\nTable, public buildings, amount in-\\nvested in 233\\nTables, public land entries year end-\\ning June 30. 1887 272", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "498\\nRESOURCES OF DAKOTA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDEX.\\nTable, public lands entered from 1875\\nto 1887 276\\nTable, public lauds remaining vacant. 275\\nTable, public schools, trrowth of 192\\nTable, public schools expenditures,\\ncomparative 194\\nTable, railway mileage in each state\\netc., comparative 246\\nTable, rainfall, average, annual, and\\nmonthly 58\\nTable, rainfall, April on\\nTable, rainfall May 61\\nTable, rainfall, June 62\\nTable, rainfall, July 63\\nTable, rainfall, August 64\\nTable, rainfall, September 65\\nTable, rainfall during growing months 66\\nTable, leceipts and disbursements,\\nTerritorial 263\\nTable, rye crop in 1860, 188U. 1\u00c2\u00bb85, and\\n1887 101-102\\nTable, sheep in each state, etc., com-\\nparative 147\\nTable, snowfall, comparative 55\\nTable snow on ground end of March,\\ncomparative 56\\nTable, tax levy, average Territorial,\\n1881 to 1887 266\\nTable, temperature, annual and\\nmonthly, etc 47\\nTable, temperature, comparative 48\\nTable, temperature, winter months 55\\nTable, temperature, October 49\\nTable, temperature, November 50\\nTable, temperature, December 51\\nTable, temperature, January 52\\nTable, temperature, February 53\\nTable, temperature. March 54\\nTable, timber culture final proofs 124\\nTable, wheat, cost of raising, yield, etc\\n81- 83\\nTable, wheat crop in each state, etc,\\ncomparative 87\\nTable, wheat crop in I860, 1870 1880,\\n1885, and 1887 92\\nTable, wheat crop of the world. 1886.... 90\\nTable, wheat imported by Great\\nBritain 91\\nTable, wheat inspected at Minneapolis,\\netc 89\\nTable, wheat, food taken from soil by.. 34\\nTable, weather reports 46- 66\\nTable, wool clip in 1870, 1880, and 1885. 151\\nTaxation, exemptions from 295-296\\nTaxes, become due when, etc 305\\nTax levy, average Territorial, 1881 to\\n1887 266\\nTemperature, comparative 48\\nTemperature, mean annual and\\nmonthly 47\\nTemperature, winter mouths, average\\nof 55\\nTemperature, October.. 49\\nTemperature, November 50\\nTemperature, December 51\\nTemperature, January 52\\nTemperature, February 53\\nTemperature, March 54\\nTimber 118-120\\nTimber culture law, trees planted\\nunder 123-125\\nTimber culture law 285\\nTimber culture, relinquishment, rule\\nof. 286\\nTimothy 107-110\\nTin 173-176\\nTodd county 472\\nTopography of Dakota.. 27- 29\\nTower university 221\\nTowner county 473\\nTowns, important, of each eoui.tv. 315-491\\nTraill county 474\\nTrees, cultivated 121-128\\nTrees, planted on Arbor Day 127-128\\nTurner county 477\\nTurtle Mountains Indian reservation..\\n258-259\\nu\\nUnited States statutes, extracts from...\\n297- 299\\nUnion county 479\\nUniversity of Dakota 2,/2-2l 4\\nUniversity. Mitchell 216-217\\nUniversity of north Dakota 199-2^2\\nUniversity, Pierre 2L7\\nUniversity. Sioux Falls 217-218\\nUniversity. Tower City 221\\nV\\nValuation, assessed. Territorial 1879-\\n1887 264\\nValuation, assessed, per acre, average 263\\nValuation per acre, average in each\\ncounty 315-491\\nValue of farms in I860 1870, 1880, and\\n1885 265\\nValue of farm machinery in 1860, 1870,\\n1880. and 1885 266\\nValuation statistics of each county.. 315-491\\nVegetables 104-105\\nVegetables, sugar beets 111-112\\nw\\nWagner county 481\\nWallace county 481\\nWalsh county... 481\\nWalworth couuty 484\\nWard county 488\\nWashabaugh county 487\\nWashington county 487\\nWatertown land district 293\\nWater in wheat, comparative table of.. 78\\nWeather reports, tables of 46-66\\nWells 77\\nWells, artesian 179- 188\\nWells, artesian, analyses of water from 185\\nWells, artesian, depth, pressure, ate\\n186-187\\nWells, artesian, strata penetrated by... 188\\nWells county 487\\nWheat 78- 92\\nWheat analyse! of, comparative tabla.. 78\\nWheat, amount inspected at Minne-\\napolis, etc 89\\nWheat, Centennial award, fac simile of 79\\nWheat, cost of raising 80- 84\\nWheat croniu 1860, 1870, 1880, 1885, and\\n1887 12\\nWheat crop of each state, etc., in 1886,\\ncomparative 87\\nWheat crop of the world in 1886 90\\nWheat imported by Great Britain 91\\nWheat, food taken from the soil by 34\\nWilliams county 489\\nWomen, married, legal rights of. 305\\nWool clip m 1870. 1880, and 1885 151\\nWool clip in 1885 by counties S15-491\\nY\\nYankton college 215-216\\nYankton county 489\\nYankton land district 293\\nz\\nZiebach county 491\\nLE 08", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "Imm i g ration for the purpose o ^J^J^ to the a g ri-\\n^^P^, Ma PS an* BescripUve \u00e2\u0084\u00a22\u00c2\u00a3*\u00c2\u00a3SJ\u00c2\u00a3\\nCOMMXSSXOK.B F BO^g^^", "height": "4121", "width": "2452", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "24,000,000 Acres of Government Land\\nIN DAKOTA,\\nSTILL VACANT AND SUBJECT TO\\nHOMESTEAD AND PRE-EMPT,ON,\\n\u00c2\u00b0\u00c2\u00abWa, Maps and Pamph ets D\\n?ent,rR application to\\nP P MoOLURE,\\nC mmiSSion6r \u00c2\u00b0f Immigration,\\nPIERRE, Dakota.", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4170", "width": "2518", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4137", "width": "2671", "jp2-path": "resourcesofdakot00dako_0514.jp2"}}