{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3425", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2771", "width": "3074", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PRICE, ONE DOLLAR.\\nl0 Capitalists and \u00c2\u00a3w\\nA\\nv\\nB E I N G\\nA STATISTICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE\\nACCOUNT OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF THE\\nate of North Carolina,\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA\\nTOGETHER WITH\\nTERS OF PROMINENT CITIZENS OF THE STATE\\nRELATION TO THE SOIL, CLIMATE, PRODUCTIONS, MINE-\\nRALS, C, AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE\\nSWAMP LANDS OF THE STATE.\\nPUBLISHED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA LAND CO.\\nCopyright Secured.\\nRALEIGH, N. C.\\nNICHOLS GORMAN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS.\\n1869.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "NORTH CAROLINA K\\nT r\\nLand Lompany,\\nESTABLISHED FOE THE\\nTRANSPORTATION and LOCATION\\nOF\\nNorthern and European Settlers\\nIN THE\\nSTATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,\\nFOR THE\\nSALE OF EEAL ESTATE,\\nAgricultural Implements, Machinery, c, c-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094ALSO\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nNegotiate Loans on Mortgages and other Securities.\\nChartered by Act ol General Assembly, 1869\\nOFFICERS:\\nGeo. Little, President. k W. Best, Secretary.\\nDIRECTORS:\\nAT RALEIGH.\\nHon. R. W. Best, late Sec. of State.\\nCol. Geo. Little, late U. S. Marshal.\\nGeo. W Swepson, Ral. Nat. Bank,\\nR. Kingsland, late of N. Y. City.\\nAT NEW YORK.\\nA. J. Bleecker, Esq.\\nAGENTS AT NEW YORK AND BOSTON.\\nA. J. Bleecker, Son Co.,\\n77, Cedar Street.\\nNew York City.\\nPrincipal Office\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RALEIGH, IT. C.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "TO THE EEADEE.\\nThis publication has been gotten up at considerable expense and labor,\\nat the instance and under the supervision of the North Carolina Land\\nCompany, which is composed of a number of intelligent, enterprising and\\nrespectable gentlemen of the States of New York and North Carolina.\\nThis Company has been established in this city for the purpose of aid-\\ning in the transportation and location of Northern and European settlers\\ncoming to North Carolina, and for the sale of lands of all descriptions,\\nsuited to the wants of the agriculturist, the vine and fruit grower, the\\ntruck farmer, the miner and manufacturer, as well as the sale of improved\\nand unimproved lots in the towns and cities of the State, and to render all\\npossible assistance to persons who desire to invest their funds in this State,\\njudiciously.\\nIn order to furnish to persons desirous of coming to the State, the most\\nreliable, general and statistical information, as a guide to investment and\\nlocation, the Land Company has procured the services of gentlemen in no\\nway interested personally in their enterprise, who, from long acquaintance\\nand actual observation, were well qualified to give a brief but correct des-\\ncription of every county. Besides this, they have procured a mass of valu-\\nable information in the form of letters, from leading gentlemen who have\\nheld high public positions in the State, and whose thorough acquaintance\\nwith the subjects upon which they write, as well as their entire reliability\\nremove all doubt as to the truthfulness and correctness of their state-\\nments. The whole, therefore, embodies an amount of information precisely\\nsuited to the wishes of all classes of persons who desire to seek a home,\\nin one of the most highly favored portions of the earth, in climate, soil,\\nnatural advantages, capacity for improvement, population, c. which can-\\nnot be obtained from any other publication.\\nIntelligent gentlemen who have made themselves acquainted by personal\\nobservation, with the population, climate, soil, productions and capacity\\nfor improvement of every portion of the United States, do not hesitate to\\ndeclare, since the close of the rebellion, that the Southern States offer\\nvastly superior inducements both for investment and location, to those of\\nhe Northwestern States and Territories, whither the tide of emigration\\nhas been so strongly tending in late years. Unprejudiced travellers who\\nhave visited North Carolina, after a short stay in the State, invariably\\nexpress a preference for the Old North State, to that of any other. Thou-\\nsands of her children, who in the spirit of money-making left the State years\\nago to try their fortunes in the West, South or North, are returning to\\ntheir native soil, and thousands more are meditating a return when their\\ncircumstances will allow it.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "(4)\\nThe world does not possess any where a more quiet, peaceable, honest\\nand frugal population, than the people of this State. Notwithstand-\\ning the devastation, ruin and demoralization of the late civil war, our peo-\\nple are rapidly returning to their old customs and labors. A more law-\\nabiding people cannot be found. Foreigners and strangers who come\\namong us to engage in the industrial and business professions of life and to\\npursue the arts of peace, are everywhere hailed with joy, and the aim and\\ndesire of our people generally, is to promote peace and quietude, enter-\\nprise and prosperity among all classes, and to encourage and support wise\\nlaws and a good government, which give the greatest security and protec-\\ntion to life, labor and property.\\nThe State covers an area of 34,000, 0C0 of acres, stretching nearly 500 miles\\nfrom the Atlantic Ocean to the Tennessee line, and from 150 to 100 miles\\nfrom the Virginia to the South Carolina and Georgia lines. Within this area\\nthere is almost every variety of soil and climate. Physically, the State is\\ndivided into three departments, differing in soil, climate and production.\\nThe Eastern division stretches along the Atlantic coast and nearly extends\\nwestwardly to a line drawn North and South through the Capital of the\\nState. This section abounds in navigable sounds, rivers and creeks, in\\nwhich fish are abundant. The shad and herring fisheries are sources of\\ngreat profit. The soil is either rich loam, or sandy land, or extensive swamp\\nrich lands. The sandy lands abound in pine forests, from which turpentine\\nand tar are made are easily cultivated and improved are not naturally\\nvery productive but when improved give a profitable return in cotton, corn,\\npotatoes (sweet), peas, pea-nuts, grapes and vegetables of all kinds. The\\nrich lands, whether up-land or swamp, are very productive. Some of these\\nlands produce a bale of picked cotton to the acre, or 75 to 100 bushels of\\nIndian corn. This whole eastern section, is flat and damp, but will produce\\ncotton and corn in great abundance, and is finely adapted to truck farming.\\nThe pine and cypress timber \u00c2\u00a9f this whole section is immensely valuable.\\nThe North-eastern counties are valuable for fisheries, fine cypress timber r\\nand are equal to any for Indian corn, wheat, vineyards, c. The middle\\nand southern counties of this region, embrace the best cotton portions of\\nthe State, and are valuable for fisheries, timber, com, truck farming, pea-\\nnuts, vineyards, c, being contiguous to market by Rail Road and water\\ncommunication. Like all low countries, it is subject to malarious diseases,\\nsuch as bilious fever and ague and fever. Good drainage and proper care,\\nhowever, make it a healthy and desirable region. It is perhaps superior to\\nany section of the United States, in affording a good living for the smallest\\namount of labor. This region will become famous as a grape growing and\\nwine making country.\\nThe middle or second department is undulating and hilly, growing more\\nso as you approach the mountains. The eastern and southern counties of\\nthis department, abound in lands from ordinary to good, and are productive\\nof cotton, corn, wheat, potatoes, fruits of all kinds, c. They are generally\\nvery healthy, with good pure water, and intersected with Rail Roads.\\nMines of coal, iron, gold and copper are numerous, and water-power is", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "(5)\\nabundant for manufacturing. The northern and western counties of this\\ndepartment produce tobacco, corn, wheat and the grasses, finely.\\nThe Western department embraces the mountain region, which is capable\\nof being made one of the finest grazing countries in the world. Horses, cattle,\\nsheep and swine are raised in large numbers. As a wool growing region, it\\nis very superior. Here, also, mines of gold, copper and iron abound and the\\nwater power is unsurpassed. It is a bleak but exceedingly healthy region,\\nand Indian corn, wheat, rye, barley and fruits grow well. But for further\\nand more specific information, we refer the reader to the description given of\\neach County in the body of the work, and to the letters before alluded to.\\nBesides the general character of our population, the salubrity of our\\nclimate, the variety, productiveness and improvability of our soil, our mining\\nand manufacturing advantages and our Rail Roads, all well calculated to\\ninterest and invite the traveller, we can point to the educational advantages\\nof the State with great pride. Besides the University of the State, there are\\nfive or six Male Colleges of high grade, together with a number of first class\\nhigh schools and academies in full operation. In female education this State\\nis not behind any in the liberality of its provisions. There are about twenty\\nFemale Colleges and High Schools in the State. Formerly the State pro-\\nvided quite liberally for Common or Public School instruction for all the white\\nchildren of the State. Under the new order of things, a still more liberal\\nprovision will be made for all the children of the State, without regard to\\ncolor or condition. White and black will be, however, educated in separate\\nschools.\\nWith this brief outline of the general characteristics of the State, we shall\\nnot longer detain the reader from the body of the work.\\nThe Editor.\\nRaleigh, N. C, April 15, 1869.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "STA.TISTTCAJL\\nAND\\nDESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF COUNTIES, id\\nALAMANCE.\\nThis county was taken from the western part of Orange\\ncounty, in 1848. It lies in the middle tier of counties and is\\nbounded N. by Caswell county, E. by Orange, S. by Chatham\\nand W. by Guilford.\\nArea, 500 square miles.\\nPopulation 11,000.\\nFarms, 923; acres improved, 98,250 acres unimproved,\\n115,000.\\nNatural growth of trees: maple, white, red and chestnut\\noak, hickory and walnut.\\nAnnual products corn, about 500,000 bushels wheat,\\n82,000 bushels; oats, 11,000 bushels; hay, 3,785 tons; cotton,\\n150 bales; tobacco, 15,000 pounds; butter, 100,000 pounds;\\nfruits and vegetables, abundant.\\nStock: horses and mules, 3,335; cattle, 8,000; sheep, 8,500;\\nhogs, 22,500.\\nSchools: Col. Bingham s, at Mebanesville; Rev. Mr. Long s,\\nand Rev. A. Currie s, at Graham; male and female academy\\nat Company Shops, and others.\\nChurches, 33.\\nLawyers, 3; doctors, 12; mills, 15; cotton factories, 5; post\\noffices, 14.\\nThis county is watered by Saxapahaw river and Alamance,\\nMary s Bark and other creeks. The surface is undulating;\\nsoil, highly productive; farms good, and low grounds rich.\\nThe North Carolina Central Rail Road connecting the\\nEastern and Western portions of the State, runs through this\\ncounty.\\nCompany Shops, where the North Carolina Rail Road has\\nits offices and engine and car works, is a pretty place, and\\ngives promise of great future prosperity.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "(8)\\nGraham, the county seat, named after Gov. Graham, is\\nabout 58 miles west of Raleigh.\\nALEXANDER.\\nThis county was formed from Iredell, Wilkes and Caldwell\\ncounties in 1846. It is in the mountain region.\\nArea, 300 square miles.\\nPopulation, 6,250. It is drained by the Yadkin, Mitchell\\nand Little Rivers and several creeks.\\nFarms, 653; acres improved, 30,000; acres unimproved,\\n105,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 165,000 bushels; wheat, 10,000 bush-\\nels; rye and oats, 40,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes,\\n30,000 bushels; peas and beans, 3,000 bushels; butter, 32,000\\npounds; flax, 12,000 pounds; cotton, 15,000 pounds; wool, 15,-\\n000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 12,000 pounds.\\nNative forests: oak, walnut, beach, maple, poplar and\\nchestnut.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,380; cattle, 3,599; sheep, 5,112;\\nhogs, 10,056.\\nChurches, 20. Schools: Cheoway Academy; York Institute;\\nElk Shoal Academy; United Baptist Institute and many others.\\nCotton factory, 1; mills, 14. Tanneries, several.\\nThis county is surrounded by mountains, and abounds in\\nmineral springs, chiefly chalybeate and sulphur. Climate,\\nhealthy. Land productive.\\nTaylorsvillb, the county seat, is 150 miles west from\\nRaleigh.\\nALLEGHANY.\\nThis county, lately formed from the eastern part of Ashe,\\nlies between the Blue Ridge and the Virginia line.\\nArea, about 290 square miles.\\nChurches, 16; ministers, 13; Lawyer, 1; College, Alleghany,\\nat Gap Civil; Schools, at various points; post offices, 4; mills,\\n6; mines, in numerous places.\\nFarms, 390.\\nAnnual products: corn, 100,000 bushels; wheat, 3,000 bush-\\nels; rye and oats, 75,000 bushels; buckwheat, 3,000 bushels;\\npease, 12,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 1,500 bushels;\\nbutter and cheese, 6,500 pounds; flax seed, 500 bushels; flax,\\n12,500 pounds; maple sugar, 5,000 pounds; tobacco, 2,500\\npounds; wool, 14,000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 12,000\\npounds; hay, 4,000 tons; fruits, in value, $500.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "(9)\\nTrees, natural growth: white, Spanish and chestnut oaks,\\nand black and white pine.\\nMountains: Fisher s Gap, Elk Spur, Lame Spring, Peach\\nBottom and Saddle.\\nRivers; New and Little.\\nCreeks: Crab, Glade, Prather s, Elk, Chestnut, Brush, Big\\nPine and others.\\nClimate, cool and healthy. Soil, good. Fine grazing\\ncountry.\\nSpaeta, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Raleigh.\\nANSON.\\nThis county, named from Admiral Anson of the British\\nNavy, was formed in 1740, and extended at that time to the\\nwestern limits of the State.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation, 13,000.\\nFarms, 075; acres improved, 93,965; acres unimproved, 213,-\\n167.\\nAnnual products; corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 40,000\\nbushels; oats, 110,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels;\\ncotton, 4,000,000 pounds; wool, 12,000 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules, 3,012; cattle, 11,452: sheep, 8,171;\\nhogs, 23,000.\\nNatural forest: oak, pine, walnut and hickory.\\nRivers: Rocky and Yadkin. Creeks: Brown s, Lane s,\\nGuild s and Jones. Mills, 20; tanneries, 2; distilleries, 20;\\nspirits manufactured, 1.500 gallons. Gold mine, Bailey s.\\nChurches, 23; College, Carolina Female. Academies;\\nBlanch s, Gum Spring, Lilesville, and Rocky Hill. Schools\\nabundant.\\nSoil fertile, surface unbroken. Cotton grows finely and is the\\nchief market crop. People intelligent and many substantial\\nplanters.\\nThe Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherfordton Rail Road\\npasses through the county.\\nWadesboro the county seat, is about 120 miles south-west\\nfrom Raleigh.\\nASHE.\\nThis county, named in honor of Gov. Ashe, was formed in\\n1799. Population, 7,000\\nFarms, 750; acres improved, 50,000; acres unimproved,\\n145,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 110,000 bushels; wheat, 3,500 do;", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "(10)\\noats, 100,000 do; pease, 1,500 do; buckwheat, 5,000 do; Irish\\npotatoes, 2,500 do; butter, 95,000 pounds; maple sugar, 10,-\\n815 do; tobacco, 5,000 do; wool, 10,500 do; honey and bees-\\nwax, 18,000 do; flax, 15,500 do; hay 5,000 tons.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,500; cattle, 6,500; sheep, 4,500;\\nhogs, 14,000.\\nForest: oak, hickory, maple, ash and walnut.\\nSurface, mountainous. Soil, on hill sides and valleys, very\\nproductive. Climate, healthy. This county is at present\\nwithout railroad facilities; therefore land is cheap. A fine\\ngrazing region.\\nJefferson the county seat, is about 200 miles northwest of\\nRaleigh.\\nBEAUFORT.\\nThis county, named for the Duke of Beaufort, lies in the\\nEastern part of the State. It was organized in 1741.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 12,500.\\nSoil, very fertile.\\nFarms, 594; acres improved, 30,760 acres unimproved,\\n180,981.\\nAnnual products: corn, 160,000 bushels; wheat, 7,000 bushels;\\noats, 6,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 160,000 bushels;\\npease, 20,000 bushels; cotton, 1,000,000 pounds; tar, pitch and\\nturpentine, 110,000 barrels; fish, 5,000 barrels; lumber, very\\nlarge quantities.\\nStock horses and mules, 1,150 cattle, 13,500 sheep,\\n8,250; hogs, 18,279.\\nTrees, natural: cypress, juniper, long-leaf pine, oak, hick-\\nory and gum.\\nThere are in this county large tracts of swamp or poccosin\\nlands, which, when cleared and cultivated, will produce from\\n50 to 100 bushels of corn, or from 400 to 500 pounds of lint\\ncotton per acre. They may be had very cheap and offer great\\ninducements to actual settlers.\\nWashington, the county seat, lies at. the head of the Pamp-\\nlico river, and is 120 miles east by south from Raleigh. Pop-\\nulation, about 2,000. It carries on a large export trade with\\nNew York and the West Indies. Other towns are Aurora\\nand Bath.\\nBERTIE.\\nThis county, which lies on the Albemarle Sound and between\\nhe Chowan and Roanoke rivers, was organized in 1733.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "(11)\\nArea, 800 square miles.\\nPopulation, 13,000.\\nDoctors, 6; lawyers, 5; churches, 17; post offices, 6; mills,\\nmany; distilleries, (turpentine,) several.\\nFarms, 524 acres improved, 92,600 acres unimproved,\\n203,803.\\nAnnual products: corn, 560,000 bushels; wheat, 3,000 bush-\\nels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; pease, 90,000 bushels;\\ncotton, 2,200,000 pounds; wool 12,000 pounds; fish, 25,000\\nbarrels; hay, 35,000 tons.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,297; cattle, 10,880; sheep, 6,654;\\nhogs, 33,081.\\nNative growth: long-leaf pine, juniper, cypress, oak and\\nhickory. Pine and cypress timber valuable.\\nRivers: Roanoke, Chowan, Cashie and Cashoke.\\nThis county abounds in rich lands, of which the best are\\nstill covered with dense forest, offering great inducements to\\nlumbermen. Fruits and vegetables grow here a month earlier\\nthan in New Jersey, and may be transported directly by water\\nfrom the farm to New York.\\nThe fisheries of this county are sources of great profit.\\nCotton grows finely in Bertie.\\nWindsor, the county seat, situated on the Cashie river, is\\n157 miles east from Raleigh.\\nBLADEN.\\nThis county, which lies in the South-eastern part of the\\nState, was formed in 1734.\\nArea, 800 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,000.\\nDoctors, 9; lawyers, 4; churches, 25; schools, number not\\nknown; mills, saw, 6; distilleries, turpentine, 6; manufactories,\\nturpentine and tar, 40.\\nFarms, 486; acres, improved, 47,608; acres, unimproved,\\n400,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 200,000 bushels; wheat, 15,000\\nbushels; oats, 5,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels;\\ncotton, 60,000 pounds; wool, 7,500 pounds; rice, 75,000 pounds;\\npease, large quantities; turpentine, 15,000 barrels; lumber,\\nvalue, $50J000.\\nThis is a very fertile county, capable of great development;\\nand when its rich swamp lands are drained and cultivated,\\nwill produce ten fold more than it does at present. Lands\\ncheap. The Wilmington, Charlotte and Ruth. Rail Road runs\\nthrough it, and furnishes, in connection with its rivers and\\ncreeks, easy transportation to a good market at Wilmington.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "(12)\\nElizabeth Town, the county seat is situated on Cape Pear\\nriver, and is 60 miles from Wilmington, and about 90 miles\\nSoutheast from Raleigh.\\nBRUNSWICK.\\nThis county, which lies in the extreme Southeastern part of\\nthe State, was organized in 1764. Surface, level. Soil, sandy.\\nArea, 950 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,000.\\nLawyers, 4; churches, 23; post offices, 4; Academies, Way-\\nman and Smith ville; Schools convenient; manufactories, tar\\nand turpentine, 50.\\nFarms, 385; acres improved, 18,500; acres unimproved,\\n247,600.\\nAnnual products: corn, 60,000 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n118,000 bushels; cotton, 10,000 pounds; wool, 3,000 pounds;\\nrice, 3,000,000 pounds; lumber, value, $15,000; tar, pitch and\\nturpentine, value $18,000; machines, rice, 6.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,000; cattle, 8,500; sheep, 3,500;\\nhogs, 12,525.\\nTrees, natural: long-leaf pine, juniper, live oak and cypress.\\nGreen and Cypress Swamps abound in timber, and when\\ncleared, ditched and cultivated, will yield most abundant\\ncrops.\\n200,000 acres of the best lands are for sale, and ojffer splen-\\ndid openings for capital, labor and skill.\\nSmithville, the county seat, situated on the Elizabeth\\nriver, near the mouth of the Cape Fear river, in sight of the\\noceau, is 173 miles South-west of Raleigh. It is a place of\\nfashionable summer resort. In the vicinity are Forts Johnson\\nand Caswell.\\nBUNCOMBE.\\nThis county, named for Col. Buncombe of Washington\\ncounty, was organized in 1791.\\nArea, 5,000 square miles.\\nPopulation, 13,000.\\nMinisters, 15; doctors, 14; lawyers, 19; churches, 20; mills,\\ngrist, 15; factories, c, 6; newspapers, 2; post offices, 9.\\nFarms, 1,250; acres, improved, 75,350; acres unimproved,\\n506,200.\\nAnnual products: corn, 50,000 bushels; wheat, 25,000 bush-\\nels; oats and rye, 150,000 bushels; butter, 125,000 pounds;\\nwool, 150.000 pounds; tobacco, 10,000; ginseng, value,\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac00; apples, peaches, Irish potatoes, c, large quantities.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "(13)\\nStock: horses and mules, 3,708; cattle, 16,500; sheep. 14,000:\\nhogs, 28,608.\\nNative forest: hickory, oak, maple, ash and walnut.\\nThis county lies amid the ranges of the Blue Ridge, and is\\nwatered by the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers, and by\\nnumerous creeks and mountain streams. It is one of the most\\nsalubrious portions of this continent. Mineral springs of\\ngreat value abound. The soil, in the valleys and mountain\\nsides, is very pioductive. Fruits and vegetables grow lux-\\nuriantly. Apples weighing from 14 to 15 ounces are common.\\nLands vary from one dollar to fifty dollars per acre.\\nAsheville, the county seat, is 250 miles from Raleigh. It\\nis much visited by invalids from various parts of the State.\\nThe proposed route of the Western North Carolina Rail\\nRoad, which will connect Beaufort Harbor on the Atlantic\\nocean, with Tennessee, runs near Asheville, and. when com-\\npleted, will make it accessible to all portions of the land.\\nBURKE.\\nThis county, named for Sir Edmund Burke, the great Eng-\\nlish orator, was founded in 1777.\\nArea, 400 square miles.\\nPopulation 10,000.\\nDoctors, 7; lawyers, 4; churches, 28; mills, 12; post offices,\\n4; schools, Morgan ton Academy, Rock Seminary, fcc.\\nFarms, 375 acres improved, 30,000; acres unimproved,\\n110,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 600,000 bushels; wheat, 45,000 bush-\\nels; oats and rye, 36,000 bushels; cotton, 50,000 pounds; wool,\\n26,000 pounds; tobacco, 18,000 pounds.\\nGold, in 1850, value, $50,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,550; cattle, 5,250; sheep, 3,528:\\nhogs, 10,660.\\nTrees, natural: hickory, oak, walnut, c.\\nThis county lies on the Eastern side of the Blue Ridge, and\\nis watered by the Catawba, Sumerville and John s Rivers, and\\nnumerous creeks. Surface, broken and hilly. Soil, rich and\\nproductive. Scenery, charming. Climate, most salubrious.\\nThe Western North Carolina Rail Road runs through this\\ncounty.\\nMorg anton, the county seat, is 1,100 feet above the level\\nof the sea, and lies 197 miles west from Raleigh. It is a place\\nof resort in summer, for pleasure seekers and invalids.\\nCABARRUS.\\nThis county lies in the southwestern part of the State. It\\nwas formed out of Mecklenburg; in 1802.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "(14)\\nArea, 350 square miles.\\nPopulation 10,450.\\nMinisters, 15; doctors, 12; Lawyers, 4; churches, 23; cotton\\nfactories, 2; grist mills, 15; tanneries, 6; North Carolina col-\\nlege at Mount Pleasant; Classical school at Concord, and\\nothers. Gold and copper mines, 7.\\nThe Reed Gold Mine was discovered in 1799 and is said to\\nhave been the first discovered in the United States. Several\\nof these mines have been very productive.\\nFarms, 845: acres improved, 64,500; unimproved, 125,700.\\nAnnual products: corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 85,000 bush\\nels; oats and rye, 5(3,000 bushels; sweat potatoes, 25,000 bush-\\nels; cotton, 1,000,000 pounds; wool, 16,000 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules, 3,500; cattle, 4,500; sheep, 5,000\\nhogs, 10,550.\\nTrees, natural: poplar, oak, walnut, hickory, c.\\nSoil fertile. Population, intelligent and moral.\\nConcord, the county seat, contains about 1800 inhabitants,\\nand is 139 miles from Raleigh.\\nCALDWELL.\\nThis county, named after Pres. Caldwell of Chapel Hill,\\nwas organized in 1841. It lies in the mountains.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation 4,500.\\nMinisters, 19; Doctors, 4; churches, 20; schools: Davenport\\nFemale College at Lenoir Lenoir Male Academy Mount\\nBethel Academy and others.\\nFarms, 366; acres improved, 25,500; unimproved, 100,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 200,000 bushels; wheat, 5,000 bush-\\nels; oats and rye, 35,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 15,000\\nbushels; peas, 2,000 bushels; butter, 40,000 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,226; cattle, 4,500; sheep, 4,225;\\nhogs, 11,225.\\nForest: oak, hickory, walnut, maple, c.\\nThis county is watered by the Catawba, Yadkin and John s\\nrivers and by Buffalo and King s creeks.\\nThe county is mountainous. The farming lands are rich\\nand productive. It contains a most excellent population.\\nLenoir, the county seat, is 200 miles west of Raleigh. A\\nfavorite resort in summer.\\nCAMDEN.\\nThis county, named after Earl Camden of England, was\\norganized in 1777. It lies in the north-eastern part of the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "(15)\\nState. Surface, level. Soil, generally a sandy loam and very\\nrich and fertile.\\nArea, 280 square miles.\\nPopulation, 1,500.\\nMinisters, 6; lawyers, 6; doctors, 3; churches, 8; post offices,\\n2; mills, 3; schools: Jonesboro and Savage Creek Academies;\\nshingle mills, 6.\\nFarms, 579: acres improved, 38,400; unimproved, 36,950.\\nAnnual products: corn, 360,000 bushels; wheat, 3.500 bush-\\nels; oats and rye, 10,000 bushels; peas, 10,000 bushels; sweet\\npotatoes, 39,000 bushels; cotton, 10.000 pounds; wool 5,000\\npounds; flax, 30,000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 10,500 pounds;\\nfish, 1,000 barrels lumber, value, $15,000 brandy, value,\\n$2,500.\\nThis county is peculiarly adapted to the culture of early\\nfruits and vegetables, which find a profitable market at Balti-\\nmore, Philadelphia and New York, via Norfolk, Va., by the\\nDismal Swamp canal.\\nCamden Court House, the county seat, is 219 miles north-\\neast from Raleigh.\\nCARTERET.\\nThis county was one of the original English settlements.\\nIt lies on the Atlantic coast.\\nArea, square miles.\\nPopulation 8,0U0.\\nMinisters, 6; doctors, 10; lawyers, 4; churches, 7; post\\noffices, 3; manufactories, 2.\\nFarms, 394; acres improved, 30,769; unimproved, 180,981.\\nAnnual products: corn, 52,500 bushels; wheat, 3,000 bushels;\\noats, 1,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; pease. 55,000 bushels,\\nwool, 3,000 pounds; butter, 2,000 pounds; honey, 6,000 pounds;\\nhay, 500 tons.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,120; cattle, 13,980; sheep, 8,169;\\nhogs, 18,279.\\nTrees: long-leaf pine, oak, hickory, persimmon and cedar.\\nThe Atlantic Rail Road runs through this county, connect-\\ning Morehead City with Goldsboro, the Eastern terminus of\\nthe North Carolina Rail Road.\\nThere is a large quantity of swamp land in the county\\nbelonging to the State, which will soon be brought into\\nmarket.\\nBeaufort, the county seat, distant 150 miles from Raleigh,\\nhas a very fine harbor, and is a fashionable summer resort.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "(16)\\nCASWELL.\\nThis county, named after the first Governor of North Car-\\nolina, was formed from Orange county in 1777.\\nArea, 400 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,500.\\nSurface, hilly. Soil, good and productive. Tobacco and\\nwheat are the principal market crops.\\nMinisters, 12; doctors, 15; lawyers, 5; churches, 25; schools,\\nDan River Institute, Leasburg male and female, and Milton\\nfemale academies, and others. Post offices, 8; mills, grist, 24;\\nfoundry. 1 cotton factory.\\nFarms, 735; acres improved, 123,000; unimproved, 115,890.\\nAnnual products: corn, 360,000 bushels; wheat, 12,100\\nbushels; oats, 3,000 bushels; rye, 3,000 bushels; sweet pota-\\ntoes, 32,000; pease, 3,000 bushels; cotton, 100,000 pounds;\\nwool, 8,500 pounds; butter, 75,000 pounds; tobacco, 3,550,-\\n000 pounds; flax, 8,000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 12,500\\npounds; hay, 3,000 tons.\\nStock:, horses and mules, 2,500; cattle, 7,000; sheep, 7,500;.\\nhogs, 21,225.\\nForests: oak, pine, hickory, gum and ash.\\nThe G-reenboro and Danville Va., Rail Road runs through\\nthe Northwest part of the county. Land from $2 to $10\\nper acre.\\nYanceyville, the county seat, is 66 miles Northwest from\\nRaleigh.\\nCATAWBA.\\nThis county, named from the Catawba river, was formed\\nfrom Lincoln county, in 1842.\\nArea 250 square miles.\\nPopulation, 11,000.\\nSurface, hilly.\\nSoil, rich.\\nMinisters, 8; doctors 3; lawyers 3; churches, 30; post offices,.\\n6; iron forges, 2; foundries, 4.\\nFarms, 939; acres improved, 64,500; unimproved, 154,225.\\nAnnual products corn, 350,000 bushels; wheat, 50,000\\nbushels; oats and rye, 65,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes,\\n35,000 bushels; butter, 75,000 pounds; wool, 10,500 pounds;\\nflax, 7,000 pounds; tobacco, 6,500 pounds; honey and beeswax,\\n11,250 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,915; cattle, 6,115; sheep, 6,250;\\nhogs, 20,000.\\nTrees, natural: maple, walnut, hickory, oak.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "(IT)\\nThe Western N. C. Rail Road runs through the length of this\\ncounty. Iron ore abundant. Lands cheap.\\nNewton, the county seat, is 175 miles west from Raleigh.\\nCHATHAM.\\nThis county was organized in 1770, named alter Earl Chat-\\nham of England. Surface very broken, soil fertile.\\nArea, 700 square miles.\\nPopulation, 28,000.\\nFarms, 1,635; 139,500 acres improved; 300,000 acres unim-\\nproved.\\nAnnual Productions about 650,000 bushels corn; 125,000\\nbushels wheat; 100,000 bushels oats; 500,000 pounds tobacco;\\n5,0;)0 tons of hay; 1,000 bales of cotton; 10,000 pounds of\\niron; $5,000 worth of lumber; 90,000 bushels sweet and Irish\\npotatoes; 150, jOO pounds let DO bushels\\npease; 10,000 pounds flax; 10,000 pounds wool; 5,000 pounds\\nhoney and beeswax.\\nChurches, 50 minis 15; lawyers, 7.\\nFactories, c: Egypt] and ma\\nshop at Lockviile; iron manufacturing company at Egypt;\\ngrist mills, 25; post offices, 13.\\nSchools: Pittsboro scientific academy; Pittsboro female\\nacadi school; Mt. Vernon semina\\nThe Chatham C county are generally\\nknown. A Rail Road has been coi from Fayetteville\\nto the Coal Fields, on Deep river. Another Rail Road is being\\npushed through from Carey, on the North Carolina Central\\nRail from Raleigh to Columbia\\nthese, other Road which must fully develope\\ntin s mineral region.\\nThese improvem Chatham one of the most\\nprosperous counties in the State. 300,000? od lands\\nin tins eo I be brought into are now\\ncheap\\nhickory, maple, walnut and j\\nPittsboro is the county scat\\nEROKJ\\ned in 1839 from Macon, derives its\\nname from a tribe of Indians, some of whom still remain. It\\ni part of the State. The face\\nof the county is mouu and picturesque.\\nArea 700 squar\\nPopulation 6,000.\\nForests: maple, oak, hi6kory, ash, walnut, \u00c2\u00a3c.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "(18)\\nFarms 450; 25,000 acres improved; 75,000 unimproved.\\nAnnual productions about, 205,000 bushels of corn; 3,000\\nbushels of wheat; 35,000 bushels of oats; 2,000 bushels of\\nr ye; 25,000 bushels of sweet potatoes; 50,000 pounds of butter\\nand cheese.\\nStock: 1,500 horses and mules; 6,500 cattle; 5,000 sheep;\\n12,000 hogs.\\nGold and iron are found.\\nChurches 10; ministers 6; lawyers 2; doctors 4; grist mills\\n10; merchants 10; post offices 4.\\nThis county is watered by the Hiawassee, Valley and Not-\\nley rivers and a number of mountain streams.\\nIts mines of flesh, colored marble, gold, copper, iron\\nand silver, are to be developed at a future day, when rail\\nroads penetrate the mountains.\\nThe soil is very rich, in the valleys and along the streams.\\nLand is very cheap and abundant. A fine grazing county.\\nMurphy is the county seat, it lies near the junction of Hia-\\nwassee and Valley rivers, on the route of the Western Turnpike.\\nCHOWAN.\\nThis county derived its charter from King Charles the II,\\nand its name from an Indian tribe. It lies in the Northeastern\\npart of the State and is watered by the Albemarle Sound and\\nChowan River.\\nArea 250 square miles.\\nFarms: 344; 40,000 acres improved; 52,000 unimproved.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,200; cattle, 4,500; sheep, 2,500;\\nhogs, 15,000.\\nAnnual products about 300,000 bushels of corn; 20,000\\nbushels wheat; 15,000 bushels oats; 150,000 pounds cotton;\\n20,000 barrels of fish; 95,000 bushels sweet potatoes; 35,000\\nbushels pease; 15,000 pounds butter and cheese; 1,670 tons of\\nhay; 10,500 pounds rice.\\nChurches 20; lawyers 5; doctors 7; grist mills 4.\\nAcademies: Edenton academy, Episcopal parochial school,\\nand several others; postoffices, 3,\\nIt was from this county the first bag of cotton was shipped\\nin July 1768.\\nThe Albemarle Sound Fisheries are large and very profita-\\nble. Some of the seines are drawn by mules and windlass,\\nand are said to be two miles in length. The quantity of\\nshad, herring, rock and other fish caught in these waters is\\nimmense.\\nThis county possesses great water facilities. Sail vessels\\nand steamboats navigate the Sound and rivers. A Rail Road", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "(19)\\nis projected from Edenton to Suffolk, Ya. The winters are\\nmild, stock need but little wintering and can be raised in large\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2quantities.\\nTimber: pitch pine, gum, oak, cypress, juniper and cedar.\\nThe lands are fertile, and produce corn, wheat and cotton\\nfinely.\\nEdenton, the county seat, settled in 1716, and has been the\\nabode of wealth and refinement. Distance from Raleigh 150\\nmiles.\\nCLAY.\\nThis county was lately organized from the southern part of\\nCherokee.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation, 3,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 50,000 bushels; wheat, 1,000 bushels;\\nIrish potatoes, 10,000 bushels; Mines: gold, silver, copper\\nand iron.\\nNatural growth of timber: oak, hickory, chesnut, c.\\nLands abundant and cheap. A fine grazing region.\\nFort Hembrie, the county seat, is 360 miles west from\\nRaleigh.\\nCLEAVELAND.\\nThis county was organized out of Lincoln and Rutherford\\nin 1840.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation, 12,500.\\nDoctors, 6; lawyers, 4; churches, 30; mills: grist, 10; saw, 4;\\npaper, 1; Tanneries, 5; Iron forges, 3.\\nFarms, 961; acres improved, 62,000; unimproved, 186,500.\\nAnnual products: corn, 450,000 bushels; wheat, 36,000\\nbushels; oats and rye, 65,000 bushels; pease, 5,000 bushels; but-\\nter and cheese, 100,000 pounds; cotton, 200,000 pounds; wool,\\n15,000 pounds; flax, 2,000 pounds; tobacco, 6,000 pounds;\\nhoney and beeswax, 10,00 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules, 3,500; cattle, 7,500; sheep, 8,000;\\nhogs, 16,500.\\nNative growth: pine, chestnut, oak, hickory, c.\\nShelby, the county seat, is 190 miles south by west from\\nRaleigh.\\nThe Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Railroad runs\\nthrough this county.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "(20)\\nCOLUMBUS.\\nWas organized in 1808 and named after Columbus, the\\ngreat discoverer.\\nSurface, level; soil sandy on the ridges, rich, near and on\\nthe water courses. It is drained by the Waccamaw, and Lum-\\nber rivers, White Gum and Beaver creeks.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 9,000\\nAnnual products: 2,000 bushels wheat; 200,000 bushels corn;\\n5,000 bushels oats and rye; 200,000 bushels sweet potatoes;\\n5,000 bushels peas; 16,000 pounds butter and cheese; 2,000\\nbarrels turpentine; $20,000 worth of lumber; 50,000 pounds\\ncotton; 8,000 pounds wool.\\nFarms, 400 26,000 acres improved; 262,000 acres unim-\\nproved.\\nStock: 750 horses and mules; 10,600 cattle; 14,500 sheep;\\nhogs, 20,000.\\nChurches 20; lawyers, 4; doctors, 4.\\nSchools: Whitesville academy and other schools.\\nTimber: long-leaf pine, white oak, red oak, Spanish oak r\\nwater oak, juniper, cypress, c.\\nThis county is one whose prospective wealth is difficult to\\nestimate. Its resources, extensive forests and rich soil with\\nfacilities for transportation by water and rail road are excelled\\nby few counties in the State. The Manchester and Wilming-\\nton rail road runs through this county. Marl of the best\\nkind for manure is found in nearly all parts of this county.\\n300,000 acres of splendid timber and farming lands are in the\\nmarket, from one dollar to five dollars per acre. The far-\\nfamed Scuppernong grape grows here finely, and the native\\nwines made are of the best kind. The business of making\\nwine is profitable and increasing.\\nWhiteville is the county town. It is near the Wilmiug-\\nand Manchester rail road, about 50 miles from Wilmington\\nand 150 miles from Raleigh.\\nCKAVEN,\\nthis county was fettled and organized in 1729.\\nArea, land and water, 1,000 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,500.\\nDoctors, 20; lawyers, 10; churches, 25; post offices, 6. Mills:\\ngrist, 6; saw, 4; shingle, 4. Manufactories, tar and tuipsntine,\\n40. Schools, 12.\\nFarms, 403; acres improved, 63,450; unimproved, 300,000;\\ncash value of farms, $1,375,500.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "(21)\\nAnnual products: corn, 314,000 bushels; wheat, 4,540 bush-\\nels; rye, 3,500 bushels; oats, 3,000 bushels; pease, 30,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 9,550 bushels; sweet potatoes, 150,000\\nbushels; butter, 21,000 pounds; rice, 35,000 pounds; wool,\\n10,834 pounds; honey, 52,000 pounds; beeswax, 5,000 pounds;\\nturpentine, 150,000 barrels; fish, 25,000 barrels; hay, 1,375\\ntons; fruits, value, $5,000; lumber, value, $50,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,400; cattle, 13,772; sheep,\\n6,037; hogs, 25,000.\\nTrees, natural: pitch pine, white and red oak, juniper and\\ncypress.\\nSoil, on streams and lakes, rich and valuable. Marl of the\\nbest kind abundant. The soil and climate are admirably\\nadapted to the culture of grapes of all kinds.\\nNew Berne, the county seat, derived its name from Berne,\\nin Switzerland, whence Baron de Graffenreidt emigrated in\\n1709, being followed the second year by 1,500. It is situated\\nat the junction of the Trent and Neuse rivers, is a port of\\nentry and carries on considerable trade. It is 120 miles from\\nRaleigh.\\nCUMBERLAND.\\nThis county, named in honor of the Duke of Cumberland\\nwas organized in 1764. It lies in the Southern part of the\\nState.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,500.\\nMinisters, 25; lawyers, 16; doctors, 10; churches, 32;\\nschools: Academics, 0, and other schools. Mills, cotton, 3;\\ngrist, 10; distilleries, turpentine, 23; post offices, 8.\\nFarms, 1,000; acres improved, 63,500; unimproved, 300,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 313,413 bushels; wheat, 4,500 bush-\\nels; rye, 3,500 bushels; oats, 2,610 bushels; pease and beans,\\n29,549 bushels; Irish potatoes, 9,575 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n150,000 bushels; butter. 25,000 pounds; rice, 32,000 pounds;\\nwool, 10,957 pound: cotton, 400,000 pounds, honey, 0,500\\npounds; hay, 2,625 tons; wine, 1,550 gallons.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,500; cattle, 13,015; sheep, 6,007.\\nTrees, natural: oak, pine, gum, ash, poplar, cypress, c.\\nThis county is watered by the Cape Pear and Lower Little\\nrivers and their tributaries. The Cape Fear is navigable to\\nFayctteville. The water power in this county is immense, and\\nif controlled by scientific and energetic men, would become a\\n.source of great wealth. Capitalists and manufacturers should\\nvisit and examine this most valuable portion of the State with\\nthe view of investment.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "(22)\\nFayetteville, the county seat, is one of the largest cities\\nin the State. It is 100 miles by water from Wilmington and\\n60 miles from Kaleigh. Its location, and natural and artifi-\\ncial resources promise for it a future of great material pros-\\nperity.\\nCURRITUCK.\\nThis county, named from an Indian tribe, lies in the north-\\neastern part of the State.\\nArea, 200 square miles.\\nPopulation, 7,500.\\nDoctors, 6; lawyers, 3; churches, 12; academies, 2 and\\nother schools; post offices, 3.\\nFarms, 500: acres improved, 37,000; unimproved, 90,000.\\nAnnual products corn, 300,000 bushels; wheat, 1,500 bush-\\nels; oats and rye 2,860 bushels; peas, 40,000 bushels; Irish\\nand sweet potatoes, 150,000 bushels; butter, 54,000 pounds;\\nflax, 30,000 pounds; wool, 12,500 pounds; beeswax and honey,.\\n5,000 pounds; scuppernong and other grapes grow finely.\\nLands generally good and productive recovered swamp*\\nlands very rich. Fine fishing section and immense quantities\\nof wild game.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,085; cattle, 7,250; sheep, 6,000;\\nhogs, 15,500.\\nForests: oak, pine, juniper and cypress.\\nCurrituck Court House, the county seat, 240 miles from.\\nRaleigh.\\nDAVIDSON.\\nThis county was organized from Rowan in 1822.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation 16,000.\\nSurface, hilly. Lands productive. On the rivers very fine.\\nThe Jersey settlement is a splendid farming section.\\nDoctors, 12; lawyers, 8; churches, 41; colleges, 3, and other\\nschools; post offices, 6; factories, 3; mills, grist, 15; Mines:\\ngold, silver, lead and copper.\\nFarms, 1,250: acres improved, 121,500; unimproved, 200,-\\n000; farms, value, $1,988,000.\\nAnnual products corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 225,000\\nbushels; rye, 2,000 bushels; oats, 100,000 bushels; peas, 10,-\\n000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 51,750 bushels; butter,,\\n85,000 pounds; cotton, 280,000 pounds; wool, 20,000 pounds;\\nflax, 5,500 pounds; tobacco, 125,000 pounds; rice, 15,000", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "(23)\\npounds; lionev, 50,000 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons; sorghum,\\n10,000 gallons; fruits, value $28,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 4,000; cattle, 9,133; hogs, 28,105.\\nTrees, natural: ash, oak. elm,, hickory, poplar, chesnut, fec.\\nSeveral farms in this county highly improved.\\nLexington, the county seat, is 117 miles west of Raleigh on\\nthe North Carolina Rail Road.\\nDAVIE.\\nThis county was taken from Rowan county, 1836.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,500.\\nDoctors, 14; lawyers, 2; churches, 18; academies, 4; post\\noffices, 6; grist mills, 17; tobacco factories, 5; distilleries, 18,\\ntanneries, 4.\\nFarms, 410: acres improved, 60,000; unimproved, 95,000;\\nvalue, $1,335,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 320,000 bushels; wheat, 105,000\\nbushels; oats, 64,000 bushels; rye, 3,900 bushels; peas, 8,500\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 6,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 14,000\\nbushels; butter, 45,000 pounds; honey, 1,700 pounds; wool,\\n7,500 pounds; tobacco, 400,000 pounds; hay, 4,000 tons; Sor-\\nghum, 4,000 gallons; fruits, value $10,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,000; cattle, 4,797; sheep, 5,110;\\nhogs, 1,370.\\nTrees, natural: ash, elm, hickory, oak, etc.\\nThe lands are generally good, and well adapted to improved\\nculture. Prices moderate.\\nMocksville, the county seat, is 135 miles from Raleigh.\\nDUPLIN.\\nThis county was organized in 1749.\\nArea, 670 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,800.\\nDoctors, 12; lawyers, 6; churches, 20; academies, 4; post\\noffices 6; saw-mills, 12; tar and turpentine factories, 20.\\nFarms, 923; acres improved, 107,000; unimproved, 340,000;\\nvalue, $3,132,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 425,000 bushels; wheat, 5,000 bush-\\nels; oats, 4,000 bushels; rye, 6,852 bushels; pease, 65,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 305.000\\nbushels, butter, 60,000 pounds; cotton, 8,000,000 pounds; wool,\\n13,000 pounds; rice, 125,000 pounds; honey, 51,554 pounds;\\nbeeswax, 4,000 pounds; hay, 2,860 tons; fruits, value $2,500.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "(24)\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,500; cattle, 11,250; sheep,\\n4,500; hogs, 39,000.\\nTrees, natural: oak, hickory, pine, c.\\nSoil sandy but productive. Improved swamp lands very\\nfine. Markets easy of access. Wilmington and Weldon Rail\\nRoad runs through the county.\\nKenansville, the county seat, is 86 miles from Raleigh.\\nEDGECOMBE.\\nThis county was organized, from Craven, in 1733.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nSoil good. Muck and marl abundant.\\nPopulation, 17,300.\\nFarms, 900; acres improved, 134,758; unimproved, 174,600;\\nvalue $4,974,920.\\nDoctors, 25; lawyers, 7; churches, 23; schools, 15; grist\\nmills, 7; cotton factory, 1.\\nAnnual products corn, 725,500 bushels wheat, 12,500\\nbushels; rye, 11,000 bushels; oats, 66,225 bushels; pease,\\n97,758, bushels; Irish potatoes, 15,250 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n200,000 bushels butter, 32,000 pounds cotton, 10,000,000\\npounds; wool, 9,452 pounds; rice, 6,000 pounds; beeswax,\\n2,721 pounds; honey, 2,500 pounds; wine, 2,500 gallons; hay,\\n5,408 tons; fruits, value $12,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 4,000; cattle, 9,790; sheep, 5,250;\\nhogs, 50,000.\\nThis is the most highly improved agricultural county in the\\nState. Edgecombe is the banner cotton county in the State.\\nAccessible to market by Rail Road and water communication.\\nTarboro, the county seat, situated on Tar river is 76 miles\\nEast from Raleigh.\\nFORSYTHE.\\nThis county was organized out of Stokes in 18-18.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation 12,000.\\nFarms, 1,000; acres improved, 75,000; unimproved, 132,-\\n500; cash value, $1,175,800.\\nAnnual products: corn, 318,000 bushels; wheat, 188,000\\nbushels; oats, 60,950 bushels; rye, 8,132 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 12,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 21,000 bushels, pease,\\n2,350 bushels; butter, 75,000 pounds; honey, 4-7,000; wool,\\n10,000 pounds; tobacco, 552,000 pounds; flax seed, 5,586\\nbushels; hay, 5,500 tons; fruit, value, $35,000.\\nStock: horses, 2,275; mules, 300; cattle, 6,134; sheep,\\n6,386; hogs, 19,000.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "(25)\\nChurclics, 24; schools, 12; mills, grist, 25; saw, 6; paper,\\n1; factories, cotton, 1; woolen, 1; post offices, 7; ministers,\\n15; lawyers, 6; doctors, 14.\\nThis county is peculiarly adapted to fruit, grain and grass.\\nWinston is the county seat.\\nSalem, contiguous to Winston, is a beautiful village,\\nfounded by the Moravians. The Female School at this place\\nhas been in successful operation for more than half a century,\\nand is justly celebrated. More Southern women have been\\neducated here than at any other school in the country.\\nFRANKLIN.\\nThis county, named after Benjamin Franklin, was organ-\\nized in 1779.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation, 14,100.\\nFarms, 650; acres improved, 119,000; unimproved, 150,000;\\ncash value, $3,500,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 41(5.500 bushels; wheat, 45,000\\nbushels; oats, 32,000 bushels; rye, 11,300 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 8,250 bushels; sweet potatoes, 11,000 bushels; pease,\\n32,034 bushels; cotton, 91)0,000 pounds; wool, 8,500 pounds;\\ntobacco, 1,962,385 pounds; butter, 70,000 pounds; honev,\\n20.000 pounds; hay, 13,000 tons; fruits, value, $10,000.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,500; cattle, 8,675; sheep, 6,250;\\nhogs, 27,250.\\nForests: ash. elm, oak, hickory and gum.\\nChurches, 26; schools, 5; mills: grist, 75; sav^, 10; tanne-\\nries, 14; post offices, 6; doctors, 15; lawyers. 6.\\nThe lands arc well adapted to cotton culture. It is a\\nhealthy section, people intelligent and hospitable.\\nLouiSBurv;, the county seat, on the Tar river, is 35 miles\\nfrom Raleigh. There is a Female College and an excellent\\nmale Academy in this place.\\nThe Raleigh Gaston Rail Road runs through this county.\\nGASTON.\\nThis county, named for Judge Gaston, was organized in\\n1846.\\nArea, 350 square miles.\\nPopulation. 9500.\\nFarms, 825; acres improved, 52,800; unimproved 167,500.\\nCash value 1,529.225.\\nAnnual products: corn, 344,000 bushels; wheat, 74,000\\nbushels; oats, 17,000 bushels; pease, 8,000 bushels; Irish", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "(26)\\npotatoes, 5,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 21,000 bushels; butter,\\n85,500 pounds; wool, 10.500 pounds; tobacco, 5.000 pounds,\\nhoney, 20,500 pounds; hay, 1,250 tons; sorghum, 4,250 gal-\\nlons; fruits, value $5,600,\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,500 cattle, 6,195; sheep, 5,366;\\nhogs, 15,335.\\nTrees, natural: ash, hickory, white and red oak, elm and\\nwalnut.\\nDoctors, 8; lawyers, 2; churches, 20; postoffices, 10. Mines,\\ngold, 4. Mills, cotton, 3 grist, 14. Factories, 2.\\nIt is watered by the Catawba and its tributaries. Lands\\nare good and well adapted to wheat, corn and the grasses.\\nGold mines have been opened here. Water power abundant.\\nDallas, a small village, is the county seat.\\nGATES.\\nThis county, named after General Gates, was organized in\\n1779.\\nArea, 300 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,444.\\nFarms, 525; acres, improved, 72,678; unimproved, 83,673.\\nCash value, $950,000.\\nAnnual products: corn; 420,693 bushels; wheat, 10,000\\nbushels; oats, 6,852 bushels; rye, 1,435 bushels; pease, 44,-\\n828 bushels; Irish potatoes, 8,684 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n162,000 bushels; butter, 15,000 pounds; wool, 5,000 pounds;\\ntobacco, 2,000 pounds; honey, 6,000 pounds; hay, 2,800 tons:\\nfruits, value, $5,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,147; mules, 250; cattle, 6,500; sheep,\\n2,817; hogs, 25,833.\\nTrees, natural: pine, oak, (white, Spanish, and red,) hickory,\\njuniper, cypress and gum.\\nDoctors, 7; lawyers, 2; churches, 17; academies, 10; post\\noffices, 6 factories, 6 mills, grist, 8 shingle, 6\\nThe oak and cypress timber of this county is valuable. Soil\\ngood and adapted to corn, wheat, cotton and fruits. Recovered\\nswamp lands very good.\\nGatesvillb, the county seat is 155 miles North-east from\\nRaleigh.\\nGRANVILLE.\\nThis county was formed from Edgecombe in 1786.\\nArea, 750 square miles.\\nPopulation, 24,396.\\nSoil good, red, yellow and gray.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "(27)\\nFaring 1,250; acres improved, 197,500; unimproved, 245,-\\n500. Cash value, $3,500,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 349,777 bushels; wheat, 183,550\\nbushels; oats, 150,000 bushels; rye, 322 bushels; pease, 8,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 12,800 bushels; sweet potatoes, 93,-\\n800 bushels; butter, 110,000 pounds; honey, 20,000 pounds;\\nwool, 20,500; tobacco, 6,625,594 pounds; hay, 15,000 tons;\\nfruits, value, $3,000.\\nStock: horses, 4,294; mules, 500; cattle, 10,500; sheep,\\n15,810; hogs, 34,249.\\nTrees, natural: oak, (white, Spanish, red and chestnut)\\nhickory, ash, elm and gum. Lands productive in wheat,\\ntobacco and corn.\\nChurches, 50; schools, 18; mills, grist, 13; factories,\\ntobacco, 6 iron, 1 tanneries, 6 post offices, 10 doctors, 20\\nlawyers, 19.\\nOxford, the county seat, a beautiful village, is 45 miles\\nfrom Raleigh. The Raleigh Gaston Rail Road runs\\nthrough this county.\\nHenderson, located on the Raleigh Gaston Rail Road is\\na growing place, and well situated for trade in a good farming\\nsection.\\nGREENE.\\nThis county was organized, as Dobbs county, in 1779. The\\nname was changed to Greene county in 1799.\\nArea, 280 square miles.\\nPopulation 7,935.\\nFarms, 5000: acres improved, 63,500; unimproved, 87,500.\\nCash value, $1,658,998.\\nAnnual products: corn 312,820 bushels; wheat 10,757 bush-\\nels; oats 6,020 bushels; rye 8,650 bushels; pease 65,000 bushels;\\nIrish potatoes 7,750 bushels; sweet potatoes 76,458 bushels;\\nbutter 15,000 pounds; cotton 1,835,600 pounds; wool 3,335\\npounds; rice 6,500 pounds; honey 12,000 pounds; hay 3,500\\ntons; wine 1,100 gallons; fruits, value $3,000.\\nStock: horses 1,000; mules 500; cattle 3,068; sheep 2,053;\\nhogs 22,000.\\nForest: oaks, ash, elm, hickory and pine.\\nDoctors, 6; lawyers, 2; churches, 15; academies, 4; and\\nother schools in the county. Mills, grist 5.\\nMarl of fine quality is found in this county. Land produc-\\ntive. Cotton and corn grow well. The grape grows finely.\\nSnow Hill the county seat, is 70 miles east from Raleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "(28)\\nGUILFORD.\\nThis county was organized from Rowan and Orange coun-\\nties in 1770.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation. 20,500.\\nSurface level, soil good.\\nFarms, 1,500 acres improved, 195,7 1 5 unimproved, 180,823.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Cash value, 3,500,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 515.000 bushels; wheat, 2,000 bush-\\nels; oats, 160,000 bushels; rye, 2,500 bushels; pease, 9,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 25,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 5,200\\nbushels; rice, 2,000 bushels; cotton, 60,000 pounds; wool,\\n22,000 pounds; butter, 150,000 pounds; cheese, 5,000 pounds;\\nflax, 5,000 pounds; honey, 39,000 pounds: beeswax, 5,000\\npounds; hay, 8,000 tons; molasses, sorghum, 9,000 gallons;\\nfruits, value, $2,500; vegetables, value, $10,000.\\nStock: horses, 3,950; mules, 500; cattle, 13,228; sheep, 14,000;\\nhogs, 50,000.\\nNative Forests: ash, poplar, elm, hickory, oak, chestnut.\\nThe lands are adapted to wheat, tobacco and fruits. Health\\ngood. A number of copper mines in the county.\\nGreensboro the county seat, is 80 miles west of Raleigh.\\nFemale college at this place.\\nThe North Carolina Central Rail Road, runs through this\\ncounty. A Rail Road connects Greensboro 7 with Danville,\\nVa. It will soon be connected by Rail Road with Salem also.\\nHigh Point, on the N. C. Rail Road, is a good location for a\\nvillage.\\nHALIFAX.\\nThis county was organized from Edgecombe, in 1858.\\nArea, 880 square miles.\\nPopulation, 19,44-1.\\nSurface broken. Soil rich.\\nFarms, 900: acres improved, 147,615; unimproved, 248,825,\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acash value, $3,699,426.\\nAnnual products: corn, 800,000 bushels; wheat, 36,000\\nbushels; oats, 54,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; pease, 45,000\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2bushels; Irish potatoes, 16,000 bushels; s woo i potatoes, 123,000\\nbushels; butter, 50,000 pounds; cotton, 4,209,000 pounds; wool,\\n9,009 pounds; tobacco, 990,000 pounds; honey, 15,000 pounds;\\nbeeswax, 2,000 pounds; hay, 6,500 tons; wine, 3,000 gallons;\\nfruits, value $16,500.\\nStock: horses, 1,994; mules, 1,500; cattle, 11,500; sheep,\\n,5,000; hogs, 33,500.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "(29)\\nNative growth: cedar, juniper, oak, hickory, ash and elm.\\nChurches, 20; doctors, BO; lawyers, 8; academies, 6; post\\noffices, 8; mills, 10.\\nThe rich valley of the Roanoke bounds the county on north\\nand east. The lands are immensely rich. The high lands\\nand recovered swamp lands are very productive of corn, cot-\\nton and fruits. Many of these lands lie on the rail roads\\nleading to Norfolk and Petersburg and are favorably located\\nfor truck-farming.\\nHalifax, the county seat on the Roanoke river, is 87 miles\\nnorth east from Raleigh. The Wilmington and Weldon and\\nthe Raleigh and Gaston Rail Roads run through this county.\\nHARNETT.\\nThis county lies in the centre ol the State.\\nArea, square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,000.\\nFarms, acres improved, 210,670; unimproved, 2\\n000. Cash value, $992,500.\\nAnnual products: corn.\\nIs; oats, 8,200 bushels; rye, 2,000 bushels; Irish potatoes..\\nsweet potatoes, 110,000 bushels; pease, 2,700; butter,\\n28,000 pounds; wool, 7,000 pounds; honey gallons.\\nStock: cattle, 7,500; sheep, 5,000; hogs, 17,000.\\nLong leaf pine, o*\\nChin .7. Docl\\n12. Lawyer;\\nThe lauds are adapted to cotton, cor:\\nThe pine timber of the county is valuable.\\nLillington, the county seat, is 05 miles from Rale\\nWOOB.\\nwas formed from B\\nIt lies in the mom ion.\\nArea, 900 square miles.\\nPopup\\nIt is drained by river and its trib\\noved, 85,000 a( oved.\\n100.\\nAnnual products: corn, 200,000 bushels; wheat, 15,000\\nbushels; oats, i.\\nbutter. ay, 10,000\\nStock: h 2,000; cattle, 250:\\nhogs, 18,1", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "(30)\\nNatural forest: mountain .ash, sugar maple, hickory, oak,\\nchestnut, c.\\nChurches, 26; 4 academies and a few primary schools.\\nThe climate is lovely beyond description, and its moun-\\ntain scenery is beautiful. Grain, fruits and the grasses, can be\\ncultivated to a very great extent and its mountain ranges are\\nfavorable for raising large quantities of sheep, horses, c.\\nLands are abundant, fertile and cheap.\\nWaynesville the county seat, is situated in the forks of\\nPigeon river amid beautiful mountain scenery. Distance from\\nRaleigh about 295 miles.\\nHENDERSON.\\nThis county was formed out of Buncombe in 1858.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,500.\\nFarms, 500: acres improved, 43,500; unimproved, 150,500.\\nCash value, $1,515,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 326,000 bushels; wheat, 7,000 bush-\\nels; oats, 16,000 bushels; rye, 32,500 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n18,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 15,000 bushels; pease, 1,500\\nbushels; butter, 50,000 pounds; honey, 12,000 pounds; wool,\\n14,000 pounds; tobacco, 2,000 pounds; sorghum, 10,000 gallons;\\nhay, 1,000 tons; fruits, value, $16,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,400; mules, 450; cattle, 6,500; sheep, 8,000;\\nhogs, 15,750.\\nChurches, 22; schools, 6; mills, grist, 12; doctors, 6; law-\\nyers, 4.\\nThe surface is broken. Lands good and well adapted to\\ngrazing. The bottom lands are very good.\\nHendersonville, the county seat, is 250 miles west by\\nSouth from Raleigh.\\nThe TVestern Rail Road is to run through this county.\\nHERTFORD.\\nThis county, named after the Earl of Hertford, was formed\\nout of Chowan, Bertie and Northampton counties in 1759.\\nArea, 320 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,000.\\nSurface, level. Soil very productive.\\nFarms, 500; acres improved, 72,550; unimproved, 133,500;\\ncash value, $1,321,500.\\nAnnual products: corn, 407,500 bushels; wheat, 10.600\\nbushels; oats, 11,750 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 120,000, bushels; pjase,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "(31)\\n28,000 bushels; cotton, 1,000,000 pounds; wool, 5,705 pounds;\\nbutter, 12,000 pounds; honey, 7,000 pounds; wine, 2,500\\ngallons; hsh, 2,000 barrels; hay, 2,500 tons; fruits, value,\\n$10,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,144; mules, 500; cattle, 4,400; sheep, 3,500;\\nhogs, 21,500.\\nTrees, natural: pine, oak, juniper, elm and cedar.\\nChurches, 20; colleges, 2, academies, 8; post offices, 6; mills,\\ngrist, 12; saw, 4; doctors, 14; lawyers, 4.\\nThe lands of this county are good well adapted to cotton\\nand corn. Several fine fisheries in this county lie on Chowan\\nriver. Pine and cypress timber valuable.\\nWinton, on the Chowan river, is the county seat.\\nMurfreesboro on the Meherrin river, is the principal town.\\nIt has two Female Colleges, and is a pleasant place.\\nHYDE.\\nThis county, named after General Hyde, was one of the\\noriginal precincts of 1729.\\nArea, 430 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,000.\\nSurface level. Soil rich.\\nFarms, 300; acres improved, 32,000; unimproved, 90,500.\\nCash value, $1,700,000.\\nAnnual product corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 25,000\\nbushels: oats, 2,500 bushels; rye, 1,200 bushels; IVish pota-\\ntoes, 100; sweet potatoes, 8,100; pease, 3,500 bushels; cotton,\\n200,000 pounds; wool, 510,000 pounds; honey, 1,500 pounds.\\nStock: horses, 900; mules, 150; cattle, 6,600; hogs, 11,500.\\nTrees, natural: red cedar, oak, cypress, gum, long leaf pine,\\njuniper and hickory.\\nMills: grist, 3; saw, 4; shingle, 4. Ministers, 7; doctors,\\n7 lawyers, 2.\\nLands very rich, especially around Mattamuskeet Lake. It\\nis one of the finest corn sections in the world. Peat is abun-\\ndant in the county. Juniper and cypress timber very valuable.\\nSwan Quarter, the county seat, near Pamlico, is 170 miles\\neast from Raleigh.\\nIREDELL.\\nThis county, named after Judge Iredell, was formed from\\nRowan county in 1788.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,500.\\nSurface hilly, soil, generally productive.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "(32)\\nFarms 1,200: acres improved, 96,000; unimproved, 227,000.\\nCash value, $2,500,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 505,000 bushels; wheat, 135,00\u00c2\u00ae\\nbushels; oats, 72,000 bushels; rye, 1,500 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n10,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 25,000 bushels; pease, 12,500\\nbushels; cotton, 200,000 pounds; wool, 15,000 pounds; tobacco,\\n150,000 pounds; butter, 84,000 pounds; honey, 56,500 pounds:\\nbeeswax, 4,000 pounds; flax, 250,000 pounds; sorghum, 8,50(\\ngallons; hay, 4,000 tons; fruits, value, $14,000.\\nStock: horses, 5,000; mules, 1,000; cattle, 11,000; hogs,\\n26,000.\\nTrees, natural: ash, chestnut, oak and hickory.\\nChurches, 40; colleges, 2; academies, 4; other schools; mills,,\\ngrist, 15; oil, tanneries, 10; factories, cotton, 1; tobacco, 4*\\npost offices, 15; ministers, 15; doctors, 25; lawyers, 8.\\nThis is a good wheat, corn and fruit county. Tobacco also\\ngrows well, and cotton on its southern border.\\nStatesville, the county seat, is 145 miles west from Baleigh.\\nA female college here.\\nThe Western and Charlotte Rail Roads run through this\\ncounty.\\nJACKSON.\\nThis county was organized out of Haywood and Macon\\ncounties, in 1850, and lies in the south western part of the\\nState. Formerly inhabited by the Cherokee Indians of whom\\na few hundred still remain.\\nArea, 1,308 square miles.\\nPopulation 5,500.\\nFarms 500; 4b,772 acres improved; 775,000 acres unim-\\nproved. Much of this is said not to be enlisted and is the pro-\\nperty of the State. Perhaps 500,000 acres are in market.\\nOf the small portion cultivated, the annual product was in\\n1860, wheat, 18,000 bushels; corn 237,987 bushels; oats 11,000\\nbushels; beans and peas, 3.000 bushels; Irish potatoes 16,0CO\\nbushels; sweet potatoes 15,500; tobacco, 7,000 pounds: wool,\\n9,000 pounds; butter, 42,000 pounds; honey, 16,000 pounds;\\nmolasses, 10,000 gallons; hay, 500 tons; orchard products\\nvalued at $5,000:\\nStock: horses, 1660; mules, 20-1; milch cows, 1916; other\\ncattle, 4223; sheep, 5336; hogs, 16,168.\\nOriginal i 7th of timber: oak, hickory, chesnut, poplar,\\nlocust and walnut. Immense forests,, still remain untouched.\\nLands vary from poor to very good. Valleys and moun-\\ntain sides fertile and very productive. A fine grazing country..\\nLands from $1 to $5 per acre.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "(33)\\nMin r s of gold, copper, c, abundant. Limestone all over\\nthis region.\\nChurches, 10; lawyers, 2; doctors 4; grist mills, 6; post\\noffices 8.\\nWebster is the county seat of Jackson.\\nJOHNSTON.\\nThis county was formed out of Craven, 1746, and named\\nafter Gov. Johnston.\\nArea, 670 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,600.\\nFarms, 1,200; 110,000 acres improved; 225,000 acres unim-\\nproved.\\nStock: horses, 2,225; mules, 600; cows, 4,550; other cattle,\\n6,500; sheep, 8,500; hogs, 40,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 6,000 bushels; rye, 10,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 468,500 bushels; oats, 22,800, bushels; rice, 2,500\\npounds; tobacco, 15,000 pounds; cotton, 3,000 bales; wool,\\n11,030 pounds; pease, 80,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 5,000\\nbushels; sweet potatoes, 225,000 bushels; orchard products,\\n$10,000; butter, 70,000 pounds; hay, 4,000 tons; honey,\\n15,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 23; academies 6; lawyers, 9; doctors 12; factory,\\ncotton, 1 post offices, 6.\\nGranite and iron are found at different places. It is well\\nwatered by Neuse and Little rivers, and a number of creeks.\\nOriginal growth of timber: pine, oak, hickory, gum, elm,\\nash and black jack.\\nA portion of the lands are sandy, but generally good and\\nproductive. Good cotton farms found in all parts of the\\ncounty.\\nThe North Carolina Rail Road runs through the county.\\nLand, in any quantity for sale very low.\\nSmithfield is the county seat. It lies on Neuse river 26\\nmiles from Raleigh and about the same distance West from\\nGoldsboro.\\nJONES.\\nThis county was formed in 1779, from Craven, and lies in\\nthe Eastern part of the State.\\nArea, 380 square miles.\\nPopulation 5,750.\\nFarms, 300; acres improved, 55,000; acres unimproved,\\n125,000. Cash value, $1,000,000.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "(34)\\nStock: horses, 825; mules, 350; cows, 1,500; other cattle r\\n3,000; sheep, 3,500; hogs, 1,600,\\nAnnual products: wheat, 1,500 bushels; oats, 2,600 bushels;\\ncorn, 250,000 bushels; cotton, 2,000 bales; wool, 7,000 pounds;\\npease, 25,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 4,000 bushels; sweet\\npotatoes, 100,000 bushels; lumber, tar and turpentine ex-\\nported.\\nChurches, 15; academies, 6; lawyers, 1; doctors, 5; grist\\nand saw mills, 12; steam mills, 2; post offices, 4.\\nIt is watered by Trent river and a number of creeks. Trent\\nriver is navigable to Pollocksville.\\nNative trees: cedar, juniper, cypress, oak and gum.\\nMarl and muck in abundance. Lands cheap, and produce\\ncorn and cotton finely.\\nTrenton is the county seat, 125 miles Southeast from\\nRaleigh and about 20 miles fiom New Bern.\\nLENOIR.\\nThis county was formed in 1791, out of Johnston and lies\\nin the eastern part of the State.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,223.\\nFarms, 500; acres improved, 112,000; acres unimproved,\\n162,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,230; mules, 700; cows,. 1,500; other cattle,\\n4,500; sheep, 3,500; hogs, 25,000.\\nAnnual products wheat, 12,000 bushels; rye 2,500 bushel;\\ncorn, 240,000 bushels; oats, 2,000 bushels; rice, 15,000 pounds;\\ncotton, 4,500 bales; wool, 6,000 pounds; peas 8,500 bushels;\\nIrish potatoes, 7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 90,000 bushels;\\nbutter 16,750 pounds; honey, 10,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 15; academies, 6; lawyers, 6; doctors, 12; grist\\nmills, 12; saw mills, 6; post offices, 5.\\nThe Atlantic Rail Road runs through this county. Steam-\\nboats ply between Kinston and New Berne.\\nThis is a splendid county for cotton, corn and truck farm-\\ning. Soil good and very productive.\\nA large quantity of valuable land is in the market at low\\nprices.\\nNatural forest: oak, pine, gum, ash and cypress.\\nKinston the county seat lies on Neuse River, 80 miles south\\neast from Raleigh. Steamboats from New Berne, come fe here\\nand the Atlantic Rail Road runs through this place.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "(35)\\nLINCOLN.\\nThis county was formerly called Tyron, after Gov. Tyron,\\nbut whose oppressive administration was so obnoxious, that\\nthe General Assembly changed it to Lincoln in 1779. It lies\\nin the south western part of the State.\\nArea, 420 square miles.\\nPopulation 10,100.\\nFarms, 800; acres improved, 45,507 acres unimproved,\\n140,000; cash value $1,380,500.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,100; cows, 1,800; other cattle,\\n3,000; sheep, 5,100; hogs, 13,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 05,000 bushels; rye, 500 bushels;\\ncorn, 270,000 bushels; oats, 10,500 bushels; tobacco, 7,000\\npounds; cotton, 500 bales; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 7,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 0,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 23,000\\nbushels; orchard products $11,000; butter, 75,000 pounds;\\nhay, 3,000 tons; sorghum, 10,000 gallons; honey, 26,000\\npounds.\\nThere are 3 cotton factories; 7 iron foundries; 2 iron forges;\\n30 grist mills; 2 paper mills; 10 saw mills; 10 tanneries;\\nchurches, 32; academies, 10; lawyers, 13; doctors, 15; minis-\\nters, 20; gold mines, 10; post offices 9.\\nCatawba river runs through the county. It is rich in min-\\neral ores and is also a good farming county.\\nForest: ash, elm, white and red oak, chestnut, poplar, c.\\nLincoln is the county seat, 170 miles south west, from Ral-\\neigh. The Ruthcrfordton Rail Road runs through this county\\nand village.\\nMACON.\\nThis county was formed in 1828, from Haywood, and lies in\\nthe extreme west.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nFarms, 700: 32,600 acres improved; 305,000 acres unim-\\nproved. Cash value, $900,000.\\nStock: horses* 1,500; mules, 600; cows, 1,800; other cattle,\\n5,000, sheep, 5,100; hogs, 26,700.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 65,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 270,000 bushels; oats, 16,500 bushels; tobacco, 20,000\\npounds; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 10,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 6,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 25,000 bushels; orchard\\nproducts, 12,000; butter, 75,000 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons; sor-\\nghum, 10,000 gallons; honey, 26,000 pounds; home manufac-\\ntures, $18,500.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "(36)\\nChurches, 30; academies, 4; lawyers, 4; doctors, 5; ministers,\\n18; post offices, 4.\\nThe surface is broken and mountainous. Soil, ordinary to\\ngood. Fine grazing region.\\nThe Western Rail Road will run through this county.\\nForests: oa,k, sugar maple, locust and white and black pine.\\nThe beautiful red marble mountain is here.\\nIn this county, thousands of sheep, cattle, horses and mules\\ncould be raised at a small cost. Three hundred thousand\\nacres of mountain and farming lands in the market from 70\\ncents to five dollars per acre. Copper ore all over the county.\\nIt is capable of supporting a population of fifty thousand.\\nFranklin is the county seat, 325 miles from Raleigh.\\nMADISON.\\nThis county was formed in 1850, from Buncombe and\\nYancey, named after President Madison.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation, 6,000.\\nAcres improved, 32,500; acres unimproved 174,000. Cash\\nvalue, $750,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,200; mules, 200; sheep, 5,100; cows, 2,100;\\nother cattle, 3,000; hogs, 15,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 32,500 bushels; rye, 3,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 235,500 bushels; oats, 30,000 bushels; tobacco, 16,000\\npounds; wool, 10,000 pounds; pease, 5,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 15,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 3,000 bushels; orchard\\nproducts, $12,000; butter, 58,000 pounds; flax, 5,000 pounds;\\nsorghum, 25,000 gallons; honey, 20,000 pounds; home manu-\\nfactures, $30,000.\\nChurches, 12; lawyers, 2; doctors, 4; ministers, 6; post offi-\\nces, 6; mills, 10.\\nOriginal forests: pine, ash, elm, balsam, chestnut.\\nThis is a beautiful county. Surface rough and mountainous.\\nLands good. A splendid farming, fruit and grazing region.\\nLands cheap and abundant. It is spoken of as one of the\\nfinest counties in the future in the transmontane region, when\\nRail Roads penetrate it.\\nMarshall is the county seat, about 260 miles west from\\nRaleigh, on the east side of the French Broad.\\nMARTIN.\\nThis county was organized in 1794, from Halifax, and\\nnamed after Grov. Martin, the last of the Colonial Governors.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "(37)\\nIt lies on the Roanoke river.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation 10,119.\\nFarms, 600 acres improved, 56,000; acres unimproved,\\n178,500; cash value, $1,158,545.\\nStock: horses, 1,156; mules, 551; cows, 1,828; other cattle,\\n5,000; sheep, 4,780; hogs, 21,241.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 2,500 bushels; corn, 320,000 bush-\\nels; oats, 17,000 bushels; rice, 2,500 pounds; cotton, 3,500\\nbales; wool. 8,000 pounds; pease, 35,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; orchard\\nproductions, $1,000; wine, 5,000 gallons; butter, 12,000\\npounds; beeswax, 2,500 pounds; honey, 1,700 pounds.\\nChurches, 15; academies, 5; lawyers, 8; doctors, 7; mer-\\nchants, 20; grist mills, 8; saw mills, 6; post offices, 4.\\nOriginal growth of timber: pine, oak, hickory, cypress and\\njuniper.\\nThis county is partly sandy. Soil good, low grounds very\\nrich. The swamps are filled with vast quantities of juniper\\nand cypress, fit for lumber. The Tarboro and Williamston\\nRail Road will pass through this county. There are rich beds\\nof marl of the best kind for improving lands.\\nCotton, corn, and the grape are cultivated largely.\\nWilliamston is the county seat, on the Roanoke river, 140\\nmiles East from Raleigh. A handsome town.\\nMcdowell.\\nThis county was formed in 1842 from Rutherford and\\nBurke.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation, 7,100.\\nFarms, 600; acres improved, 28,878; acres unimproved,\\n115,500. Cash value, $775,000.\\nStock: horses, 900; mules, 600; cows, 1,500; other cattle,\\n3,000; sheep, 3,700; hogs 12,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 25,000 bushels; rye, 5,500 bushels;\\ncorn, 240,000 bushels; oats, 6,000 bushels; tobacco, 20,000\\npounds; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 7,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 9,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 14,000; butter, 30.000\\npounds; sorghum, 3,000 gallons; honey, 11,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 20; lawyers, 3; doctors, 9; academies, 4; gold\\nmines, 4; grist mills 10; post offices, 6.\\nThe Western Rail Road passes through this county.\\nOriginal forests: white pine, ash, oak, chestnut, laurel, bal-\\nsam, c.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "(38)\\nCatawba and Linville rivers, and a number of creeks water\\nthe county.\\nSurface broken and mountainous. Much good farming\\nland. A fine fruit and grazing region.\\nMarion is the county seat, 200 miles from Raleigh.\\nMECKLENBURG.\\nThis county was formed in 1762 from Anson, and named in\\nhonor of Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg.\\nArea, 720 square miles.\\nPopulation, 17,500.\\nAcres improved, 95,938; unimproved, 181,562; cash value,\\n$2,823,949.\\nStock: horses, 2,829; mules, 1,500; cows, 4,319; other cattle\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a26,500; sheep, 9,216; hogs, 23,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 160,000 bushels; rye, 1,299; corn,\\n550,225 bushels; oats, 43,366 bushels; tobacco, 25,161 bushels;\\ncotton, 6,112 bales; wool, 15,621 pounds; pease, 41,596 bush-\\nels; Irish potatoes, 11,835 bushels; sweet potatoes, 26,716\\nbushels; orchard products $5,000; butter, 129,269; hay, 2,553\\ntons; sorghum, 13,283 gallons; beeswax, 1,429 pounds; honey,\\n20,384 pounds.\\nChurches, 35; ministers, 23; colleges, 3; academies 6;\\nschools, primary 40; lawyers, 11; doctors, 25; 1 woolen fac-\\ntory; factories of different kinds about 20; mines: gold and\\ncopper, 15; grist mills, 25; post offices, 10.\\nGold is found all over the county.\\nNatural forest: ash, elm, oaks, pine, chestnut, c.\\nIt is thought by scientific men that the mines in North Car-\\nolina, are as valuable, as the mines in California.\\nThe soil produces wheat, corn, apples, pears, peaches, hay,\\nclover and garden vegetables in great profusion.\\nThe lands are well adapted to cotton and corn.\\nCharlotte is the county seat of justice for Mecklenburg-\\ncounty, it lies 155 miles southwest from Raleigh. It is a city\\nof growing improvement. It was here, the first Declaration\\nof American Independence was read, on the 20th of May,\\n1775.\\nMITCHELL.\\nThis county has recently been formed out of Yancey, Mc-\\nDowell, Burke and Watauga, and named after the late Rev.\\nDr. Mitchell of Chapel Hill.\\nBeing a new county, its statistics have not been ascertained.\\nIts lands are good. Surface broken and mountainous.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "(39)\\nWheat, corn, rye, oats, Irish potatoes, buckwheat, cabbages\\nand fruits, especially apples, grow well. It is particularly\\nadapted to stock raising and grazing.\\nMuch of it is in original forests, of ash, poplar, chestnut,\\nwhite pine, balsam, oak, c.\\nIron and copper ores have been found and are believed to\\nexist in large quantities.\\nIn the Northeastern part of the county, limestone, blue and\\nwhite marble of fine texture are said to exist.\\nThe lands are very cheap and abundant. The resources of\\nthe county are yet to be developed.\\nBakersville is the county seat.\\nMONTGOMERY.\\nThis county was taken from Anson in 1779.\\nArea, 5 0 square miles.\\nPopulation, 7,640.\\nAcres improved, 56,178 acres; unimproved, 204,513. Cash\\nvalue, $359,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 66,772 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels;\\n;orn, 281,658 bushels; oats, 35,246 bushels; tobacco, 25,000\\npounds; cotton, 1,500 bales; pease, 11,000; Irish potatoes,\\n8,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels; orchard pro-\\nduction $7,500; butter 80,000 pounds; hay, 1,729 tons; sor-\\nghum, 3,000 gallons; honey, 25,000 pounds.\\nStock: horses, 1,354; mules, 250; cows, 2,259; other cattle,\\n5,000; sheep, 7,500; hogs, 14,000.\\nChurches, 20; ministers, 15; doctors, 6; lawyers, 4; acade-\\nmies 6, besides primary schools; grist mills, 28; saw mills, 4;\\ncotton factories, 2; several tanneries; gold mines, 9, others\\nopening; post offices, 10.\\nForests: white oak, red oak, post oak, hickory, persimmon,\\nash, poplar, c.\\nThe minerals of this county are very valuable.\\nIts water power is very great, suitable for machinery of all\\nkinds.\\nLands adapted to cotton, corn, potatoes, c. Can be\\nbought low.\\nTroy is the county seat, about 90 miles Southwest from\\nRaleigh.\\nMOORE.\\nThis county was organized in 1784, from Cumberland.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation 11,475.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "(40)\\nAcres improved, 65,165; acres unimproved, 345,148; cash\\nvalue, $1,178,311.\\nStock: horses, 2,160; mules, 300; cows, 3,589; other cattle,\\n6,500; sheep, 12,866; hogs, 25,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 75,000 bushels; rye, 5,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 281,650 bushels; oats, 35,500 bushels; wool, 17,500\\npounds; pease, 25,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 2,500 bushels;\\nsweet potatoes, 77,000 bushels: orchard products, $10,000;\\nbutter, 115,000 pounds; hay, 500 tons; turpentine, c.\\nChurches, 30; ministers, 18; doctors, 12; lawyers, 2, acad-\\nemies, 6, and primary schools in the county; grist mills, 20.\\nMines: two gold mines and one soap stone mine have been\\nworked; post offices, 7.\\nOriginal growth of timber: long leaf pine, red oak, black\\njack, hickory, poplar, c.\\nThe lands range from poor to good. Cotton, corn, sweet\\npotatoes and pease grow well, and the grape may be raised\\nextensively. It is well timbered with long leaf pine, but is\\nrather inaccessible to market. Land can be bought very low..\\nThe Fayetteville, (Coalfields) Eail Road passes through the\\nNorthern part of this county.\\nCarthage, the county seat, is 60 miles from Raleigh.\\nNASH.\\nThis county was formed out of Edgecombe in 1777, and\\nnamed after General Francis Nash, who fell at the battle of\\nG-ermanton.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 11,688.\\nAcres improved, 81,100; acres unimproved, 205,000. Cash\\nvalue, $1,736,608.\\nStock: horses, 1,116; mules, 500; cows, 2,199; other cattle,\\n3,536; oxen, 1,145; sheep, 5,439; hogs, 25,874.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 12,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 335,000 bushels; oats, 20,500 bushels; tobacco, 100,000\\npounds; cotton, 3,000 bales; wool, 7,000 pounds; pease, 30,000\\nhushels; Irish potatoes, 8,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 115,800\\nbushels; orchard products, $15,000; butter, 23,885 pounds;\\nbeeswax, 1,500 pounds; honey, 15,671 pounds.\\nChurches, 22; schools, 6; mines, 1; post offices, 4.\\nNative forests: oak, ashe, pine, gum, c.\\nIts soil is sandy, but productive. Cotton, corn, potatoes,\\nc, grow finely. Marl and muck are easily obtained. Fruits\\ngrow well. The county has been famous for apple and peach\\nbrandy. Lands are cheap.\\nNashville is the county seat, and about 44 miles from\\nRaleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "(41)\\nNEW HANOVER.\\nThis county was organized in 1728, named after the Royal\\nHouse of Hanover.\\nArea, 1000 square miles.\\nSurface level. Soil sandy, but productive.\\nPopulation 25,000.\\nFarms, 650; acres, improved, 52,925; acres, unimproved,\\n395,624; cash value, $1,381,687.\\nStock: horses 1,151; mules, 439; cows, 3,435; other cattle,\\n9,000; sheep, 5,758; hogs, 30,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 9,630 bushels; rye, 1,500 bushels;\\ncorn, 250,000 bushels; oats, 1,000 bushels; rice, 1,500,000\\npounds; wool, 7,000 pounds; pease, 82,000 bushels; Irish pota-\\ntoes, 5,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 175,000 bushels; pea nuts,\\n100,000 bushels; lumber, $50,000; turpentine, 10,000 barrels;\\nspirits of turpentine, 20,000 barrels; tar, fish, c.\\nMills, Factories, c: 6 saw mills; 4 planing mills; 15 tur-\\npentine distilleries; 30 tar factories 2 ship yards.\\nChurches, 20; ministers, 12; academies, 8; lawyers, 10;\\ndoctors, 15; grist mills, 8.\\nForests: principally long leaf pine, some oak, hickory and\\nlive oak.\\nThe lands are well adapted to truck farming. The pea-nut\\nis more extensively cultivated than in any county in the State\\nand is very profitable. Cotton and corn do well, and the rice\\nlands are productive.\\nWilmington the largest city of the State, is also the county\\nseat ot New Hanover. It is constantly growing in commer-\\ncial importance. Large exports of cotton, turpentine and\\nlumber are annually made from this city.\\nNORTHAMPTON.\\nThis county was formed in 1741, and was taken from Bertie.\\nArea, 350 square miles.\\nPopulation, 13,500.\\n127,775 acres improved; 170,292 acres unimproved. Cash\\nvalue, $2,639,030.\\nStock: horses, 1,882; mules 1,950; cows, 2,933; other cattle,\\n6,000; sheep, 3,000; hogs, 32,800.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 30,000 bushels; rye, 1.000 bushels;\\ncorn, 635,000 bushels; oats, 25,000 bushels; tobacco, 300,000\\npounds; cotton, 6,500 bales; wool, 7,500 pounds; pease 54,500\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 110,-\\n000 bushels; orchard products $5,000; butter 110,000 pounds;\\nhoney, 6,000 pounds.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "(42)\\nChurches, 10; schools, 10; lawyers, 5; doctors 12; hotels,\\n2; mills, 0; post offices, 6; 6 stave factories; 1 shingle mill.\\nOriginal growth of timber: ash, oak, cypress, pine, c.\\nThe surface is level, the soil productive, and accessible to\\nmarket.\\nIt is well adapted to corn, cotton, truck farming and the\\ncultivation of the grape.\\nJackson is the county seat, and located in the midst of a\\nrich farming country.\\nOJS T SLOW.\\nThis county was organized 1754, from New Hanover. It\\nlies in the eastern part of the State.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,856.\\nAcres improved, 65,000; acres unimproved, 250,000. Cash\\nvalue, $1,337,923.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 500 bushels; rye, 5,000 bushels;\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acorn, 275,000 bushels; oats, 3,000 bushels; rice, 50,000 pounds;\\nwool, 7,500 pounds; pease, 85,500 bushels Irish potatoes, 6,500\\nbushels; sweet potatoes, 175,500 bushels; butter, 20,000\\npounds; beeswax, 5,000 pounds; honey, 50,000 pounds; cotton,\\n500,000 pounds; turpentine, $10,000; Lumber, $5,000.\\nStock: horses, 1,000; mules, 500; cows, 2,619; other cattle.\\n6,500; sheep, 4,000; hogs, 25,600\\nChurches, 22; academies, 5; lawyers, 2; doctors, 12; post\\noffices, 7.\\nForests: long leaf pine, oak, gum and cypress.\\nLands productive and well adapted to cotton and corn, and\\nthe cultivation of the grape. Pine and cypress lumber\\nvaluable.\\nJacksonville is the county seat, 120 miles South-east from\\nRaleigh.\\nORANGE.\\nThis county was organized in 1751, from Granville, John-\\nston and Bladen, and named in compliment to the Roya\\nHouse of England. It lies in the centre of the State.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,429.\\nFarms, 1,230; acres, improved, 101,354; acres unimproved,\\n246,040; cash value, $2,141,690.\\nStock: horses, 3,199; mules, 350; cows, 4,081; other cattle,\\n5,999; sheep, 11,314; hogs, 27,444.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 154,794 bushels; rye, 2,527 bushels;", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "(43)\\ncorn, 400,242 bushels; oats, 81,825 bushels; tobacco, 1,139,-\\n764 pounds; wool, 15,004 pounds; pease, 8,506 bushels; Irish\\npotatoes, 12,754 bushels; sweet potatoes, 46,716 bushels;\\norchard products, $5,000; butter, 105,884 pounds; hay, 1,500\\ntons; flax, 5,000 pounds; bees wax, 2,i 00 pounds; honey,\\n20,000 pounds.\\nOriginal growth of timber: white oak, red oak, post oak,\\ncedar, hickory, walnut, elm, oak, poplar, tulip tree, gum, per-\\nsimmon, blackjack, c.\\nThe soil is principally of red clay, adapted to wheat, corn,\\ntobacco, oats and fruits. It is well watered, healthy, and a\\ngood farming country.\\nHillsboro, the county seat, was laid out in 1759.\\nIt has a large Female school of high reputation, and two\\nAcademies.\\nAt Chapel Hill, the State University is located.\\nDurham, on the North Carolina Rail Road is a thriving\\nvillage.\\nPASQUOTANK.\\nThis county was known in 1729, as one of the original pre-\\ncints of ancient Albemarle. It derives its name from an\\nIndian tribe. It lies in the Northeastern part of the State.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,940\\nFarms 600; acres improved, 53,062; unimproved, 40,200;\\ncash value $2,000,000.\\nStock: horses. 1,100; mules, 554; cows, 1,500; other cattle,\\n4,000; sheep, 1,515; hogs, 15,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 75,001 bushels; rye, 40,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 600,000 bushels; oats, 6,000 bushels; wool, 7,000 pounds:\\npeas, 12,700 bushels; Irish potatoes. 3,750 bushels; sweet\\npotatoes, 35,000 bushels; butter 22,500 pounds; flax, 10,000\\npounds; honey, 10,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 17; schools, 12; teachers, 23; 3 steam mills that\\nmanufacture flour, corn, lumber, c; 2 post offices.\\nOriginal growth: gum, ash, cypress, c.\\nThe soil mostly a deep and very rich alluvial soil. Very\\nproductive and almost inexhaustible. Corn, wheat and flax\\nare produced in great quantities, without manure. Lands\\nhigh, though lower than formerly.\\nThe lands in some parts of the county have been cultivated\\nin corn for one hundred years in succession, and without ma-\\nnure, yet they produce now from 30 to 40 bushels of corn per\\nacre, with ordinary culture.\\nElizabeth City is the county seat, 215 miles from Raleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "(44)\\nPERQUIMANS.\\nThis county was the earliest permanent settlement in the\\nState. Its name comes from an Indian tribe who were found\\nhere when the English landed.\\nIt lies in the North-eastern part of the State.\\nThe first settlement was made in 1662, after the expulsion\\nof the Quakers from Virginia., who came over into North\\nCarolina and settled here. The oldest land title in North\\nCarolina is the grant of King Yeopim, an Indian Chief, to\\nGeorge Durant, who settled Durant s Neck, a promontory on\\nAlbemarle Sound.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation 7,248.\\nFarms, 550; acres improved, 52,182; acres unimproved, 67,-\\n852; cash value, $1,537,970.\\nStock: horses, 1,791; mules, 650; cows, 1,635; other cattle,\\n4,500; sheep, 2,743; hogs, 16,413.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 99,834 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 605,000 bushels; oats, 4,500; wool, 9,500 pounds; pease,\\n13,500 bushels; Irish potatoes, 6,100 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n75,000 bushels; orchard products, $2,500; butter, 25,000\\npounds; hay, 2,000 tons; flax, 6,500 pounds; beeswax, 1,225\\npounds; honey, 20,000 pounds.\\nChurches 15; lawyers, 5; doctors, 9; grist mills, 4; steam\\nmills, 5; post offices, 6.\\nOriginal forests: oak, gum, cypress, c. Lumber valuable.\\nThe lands are of the first quality for wheat, clover, corn and\\ngrapes. Large fisheries of shad, rock and herring are located\\non the sound and rivers.\\nHertford is the county seat, situated on Perquimans river,\\n194 miles from Ealeigh.\\nPERSON.\\nThis county was formed in 1791, out of Caswell, and is\\nlocated in the northern part of the State.\\nArea. 370 square miles.\\nPopulation, 11,500.\\nFarms, 700: acres improved, 101,756; acres unimproved,\\n118,662. Cash value, $2,000,000.\\nStock: horses, 2,034; mules, 300; cows, 2,500; other cattle,\\n4,000; sheep, 8,155; hogs, 16,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 85,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 265,500 bushels; oats, 110,000 bushels; tobacco, 3,000,000\\npounds; cotton, 500 bales; wool, 10,000 pounds; pease, 4,000\\nbushels; Irish potatoes, 6,500 bushels; sweet potatoes^ 35,000", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "(45)\\nbushels; orchard products, $2,500; butter, 75,000 pounds; flax,\\n2.000 pounds; beeswax, 2,000 pounds; honey, 20,000 pounds;\\nhome manufactures, $1,850.\\nChurches, 30; academies, 4; other schools, 6; ministers\\nlawyers and doctors, grist mills numerous; post offices, 8;\\ntobacco factories, 4; tanneries, 6.\\nNatural growth: oak, poplar, ash, hickory, gum, elm, c.\\nSurface, rolling; soil, of good quality, especially on Hyco\\nRiver, for tobacco, wheat, corn and fruits, especially apples,\\npeaches, pears, c.\\nIts climate is healthy and water pure. Some farms well\\nimproved.\\nRoxborough is the county seat, and lies in a high healthy\\nlocation.\\nPITT.\\nThis county was organized out of Beaufort in 1760. Called\\nafter Sir William Pitt of England.\\nSurface level. Soil sandy and rich loam. Large quantities\\nof marl are found in nearly every part of the county.\\nArea, 650 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,000.\\nFarms, 830; 101,164 acres improved; 250,000 acres unim-\\nproved.\\nNatural growth of timber: red and post oak, long leaf pine\\nc.\\nStock: horses 2,000; mules, 1,100; cows 3,500; other cat-\\ntle, 8,000; sheep, 5,000; hogs, 38,600.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 12,700 bushels; rye, 6,000 bushels-\\ncorn, 710,000 bushels; oats,17,250 bushels; rice, 55,000 pounds-\\ncotton, 7,500 bales; wool, 7,374 pounds; pease, 74,000 bushels-\\nIrish potatoes, 11,750 bushels; sweet potatoes, 186,000 bushels;\\norchard products, $6,500; wine, 2,500 gallons; butter, 35,000\\npounds; hay, 4,617 tons; honey, 4,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 25; academies 6; and several primary schools in\\nthe county; 10 lawyers; 12 doctors; 15 ministers; 12 grist\\nmills; 4 saw mills.\\nIts exports are lumber, tar, turpentine, crude and distilled,\\ncorn and cotton.\\nSteamboats ply between Greenville and Washington.\\nThe soil in this county is generally rich and productive.\\nThere are also fine forests of pine for lumber. Soil suitable\\nfor growth of grapes, corn, cotton and pease.\\nGreenville is the county seat, it lies on Tar river 100\\nmiles east from Raleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "(46)\\nPOLK.\\nThis is one of the new counties organized out of Rutherford\\ncounty in 1854, and named after James K. Polk, late Presi-\\ndent of the United States.\\nIt lies in the Western part of the State, is well watered.\\nSurface mountainous.\\nArea 300 square miles.\\nOn the creeks and rivers are large bodies of good land\\neasily cultivated, producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat,\\noats, rye, tobacco, sugar cane, buckwheat and some cotton.\\nNo Rail Roads yet in operation.\\nThe mountain ranges are equal to any for stock raising and\\ngrowth of trees and fruit.\\nMines: Pender s gold mine, it is said, some several hun-\\ndred thousand dollars worth of gold have been taken.\\nLarge quantities of gold lie on the borders of Pacolet and\\nits tributaries. Double Branch, Red Spring, Prince and other\\nmines, said to be rich, both in deposit and surface veins.\\nSouth Fork and White Creek afford a splendid prospect for\\ngold.\\nIt is well timbered with oak, hickory, ash, c, and rock of\\nall kinds for building purposes.\\nThere is a belt of land on the South side of Tryon and\\nwhite oak mountains, that has several farms and orchards,\\nwhere frost has never been known. Peaches of the finest kind\\nand apples and grapes are cultivated.\\nClover, grasses, hay, c can be grown abundantly. Lands\\nsell from 75 cents to $3 per acre.\\nColumbus is the county seat.\\nPopulation about 4,000.\\nFarms, 320; acres improved, 20,500; acres unimproved,\\n71,000.\\nProducts: corn, 350,000 bushels; wheat, 25,000 bushels;\\noats, 19,000 bushels; rye, 2,500 bushels; cotton, 80,000 pounds;\\nwool, 1,500 pounds; tobacco, 1.650 pounds; butter, 8,000\\npounds.\\nWild animals: racoon, opossum, squirrels, foxes, plentv of\\nfish.\\nFruit: unknown quantities.\\nOriginal growth of timber: white pine, sugar maple, walnut,\\noaks, c.\\nEANDOLPH\\nThis county was organized in 1779, from Guilford and\\nRowan. It lies in the centre of the State.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "(47)\\nArea, 880 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,500.\\nFarms, 1,112; acres improved, 191,480; unimproved, 288,-\\n995.\\nThe natural growth of the forest is white and red oak T\\nhickory, elm and ash.\\nStock: horses, 3,877; mules, 300; cows, 5,490; other\\ncattle, 7,500; sheep, 18,137; hogs, 32,066.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 227,654 bushels; rye, 1,663 bush-\\nels! corn, 400,000 bushels; oats, 60,000 bushels rice, 5,000\\npounds; tobacco, 85,000 pounds; wool, 27,000 pounds; pease,\\n8,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 21,250 bushels; sweet potatoes,\\n50,000 bushels; orchard products, $31,118; butter, 140,000\\npounds; cheese, 3,000 pounds; hay, 5,788 tons; flax, 5,000\\npounds; maple molasses. 5,000 gallons; sorghum molasses,\\n2,000 gallons; beeswax, 6,000 pounds; honey, 75,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 40; academies, 12; ministers, 25; teachers, 15;\\nlawyers, 6; doctors, 25; post offices, 18; grist mills, 26; 3\\nsteam mills; 5 cotton factories; 1 woolen factory; 1 steam\\ntannery 1 foundry and extensive beds of slate underlies a\\nlare;e part of this county.\\nThe soil is generally poor but productive in some sections.\\nLand very cheap.\\nThe lands are adapted to wheat, cotton, corn and fruits of\\nall kinds. The Western (Fayetteville) Rail Road will proba-\\nbly pass through this county. Trinity college is located in\\nthe Northern part of this county.\\nGold is found in different parts of the county. Several\\nmines have been opened.\\nAshboro the county seat, is 72 miles West from Raleigh.\\nKICHMOND.\\nThis county was formed in 1779, from Anson, named in\\nhonor of the Duke of Richmond. It lies in the southern part\\nof the State.\\nArea, 900 square miles.\\nPopulation, 11,000.\\nFarms, 525; acres improved, 82,500; acres unimproved,\\n352,242.\\nForest growth: oak, long leaf pine, ash, fcc.\\nStock: horses, 1,500; mules, 800; cows, 2,600; other cattle,\\n6,500 sheep, 4,500 hogs, 20,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 32,500 bushels; rye, 3,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 265,000 bushels; oats, 25,000; rice, 5,000 pounds; cotton,\\n6,000 bales; wool, 8,500 pounds; pease 47,000 bushels; Irish\\npotatoes, 7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 75,000 bushels; orchard", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "(48)\\nproducts, $9,500; butter, 4(5,000 pounds; sorghum molasses,\\n2,000 gallons; honey, 10,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 20; schools, 4; academy and several primary\\nschools; ministers, 15; teachers, 10; lawyers, 4; doctors, 6;\\ngrist mills, 5; cotton factories, 2; post offices, 10.\\nThe Wilmington and Rutherford Rail Road runs through\\nthe county.\\nThe Fayetteville and Albemarle Plank Road runs through\\nthe north part of the county.\\nSurface undulating. Soil good. Lands cheap. They pro-\\nduce cotton, corn and pease, abundantly. It is a fine grape\\ngrowing region, as are all the eastern and south-eastern coun-\\nties of the State.\\nRockingham is the county seat, situated about the centre of\\nthe county.\\nKOBESON.\\nThis county was organized in 1786 from Bladen, it lies in\\nthe Southern part of the State.\\nArea, 900 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,500.\\nFarms, 1,250; acres improved, 106,150: acres unimproved,\\n464,904.\\nNatural forests: pine, oak, hickory, ash, gum, poplar, c.\\nSurface level. Soil sandy and clay, interspersed with\\nswamp lands rich. Cotton, corn, fruits and the grape grow\\nfinely. Lands are cheap.\\nStock: horses, 2,275; mules. 900; cows, 4,000; other cattle,\\n8,696; sheep, 10,580; hogs, 40,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 12,500 bushels; rye, 5,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 350,000 bushels; oats, 10,000 bushels; rice, 50,000 pounds;\\ncotton, 3,500 bales; wool, 18,000 pounds; pease, 45,000 bush-\\nels; Irish potatoes, 5,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 145,000\\nbushels; orchard products, $2,000; butter, 36,500 pounds; hay,\\n2,500 tons; beeswax, 1,250 pounds; honey, 15,000 pounds;\\nturpentine, 600 barrels.\\nFactories, c: 1 woolen factory; 4 saw mills; 7 tar and\\nturpentine manufactories; 4 turpentine distilleries.\\nChurches, 20; ministers, 10; lawyers, 7; doctors, 15; 1\\nfemale college and 6 academies, besides primary schools; post\\noffices, 16.\\nThis county possess great advantages in its soil, climate and\\nnatural facilities, which when combined with rail road trans-\\nportation, make it very desirable to the settler.\\nThe Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherfordton Rail Road", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "(49)\\nruns through the heart of this county. A plank road runs to\\nFayetteville.\\nLumberton is the county seat, 90 miles southeast from\\nRaleigh.\\nROCKINGHAM.\\nThis county was organized in 1785 from Guilford, named\\nin honor of the Marquis of Rockingham. It lies in the North\\nwestern part of the State.\\nSurface broken and hilly.\\nSoil, some parts sandy, but a large part of it red clay. It\\nproduces wheat, corn, oats, buckwheat, rye, tobacco and fruits.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,500.\\nFarms, 800: acres improved, 111,950; unimproved, 190,500.\\nNatural growth of timber: ash, red, white and post oak,\\npoplar, gum, hickory, c.\\nStock: horses, 1,859; mules, 650; cows, 2,877; other cattle,\\n4,000: sheep, 6,250; hogs, 16,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 100,000 bushels; rye, 3,500 bush-\\nels; corn, 365,000 bushels; oats, 95,000 bushels; tobacco,\\n3,500,000 pounds; wool, 10,000 pounds; peas, 5,000 bushels;\\nIrish potatoes, 15,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 30,000 bushels;\\ncotton, 30,000 pounds; orchard products: $5,000; wine, 1,000\\ngallons; butter, 88,500 pounds; hay, 500 tons; flax, 3,000\\npounds; beeswax, 5,000; honey, 61,500 pounds; 40 tons of\\niron.\\nFactories, c: 1 cotton; 1 woolen; 25 tobacco; 5 saw mills;\\n15 grist mills; 2 foundries; 2 wool carding machines; 6 tan-\\nneries.\\nChurches, 20; ministers, 10; academies, 6; teachers, 10;\\nlawyers, 15; doctors, 10; post offices, 15.\\nThe lands are good, productive and pleasant. Very healthy\\nand a desirable region. Much land can be bought on good\\nterms.\\nThe Greensboro and Danville Rail Road runs through this\\ncounty and other Rail Roads are contemplated.\\nIron, lime, and coal (bituminous) are found in this county.\\nWentworth, the county seat, is 105 miles Northwest from\\nRaleigh.\\nROWAN.\\nThis county was organised in 1753, from Anson.\\nArea, 600 square miles.\\nPopulation, 14,000.\\n4", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "(50)\\nFarms, 1,250; acres improved, 105,000; acres unimproved,\\n150,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 550,000 bushels; wheat, 95,000\\nbushels; oats, 150,000 bushels; potatoes, 35,000 bushels; pease r\\n10,000 bushels; butter, 110,000 pounds; hay, 10,000 tons; cot-\\nton, 5,000 bales.\\nStock: horses, and mules, 5,000; cattle, 9,500; sheep, 7,000;\\nhogs, 30,000.\\nNatural growth of forests walnut, chestnut, oak, hickory,\\nash, c.\\nWater courses: Yadkin River, Dutch, Third, Fourth and\\nother creeks.\\nIt has churches, ministers, lawyers, doctors, and teachers of\\nhigh grade.\\nSurface generally level soil naturally rich and productive.\\nIt produces cotton, wheat, oats and fruits in abundance. Gold\\nand copper are found in this county, and some of its mines\\nhave been worked to great profit. Lands are low and in\\nmarket.\\nThe North Carolina Central Rail Road runs through this\\ncounty.\\nThe great Western North Carolina Extension Rail Road\\nruns from Salisbury to the mountains.\\nSalisbury is the county seat, a place of considerable trade.\\nPopulation about 4,000. It is 118 mile s from Raleigh.\\nRUTHERFORD.\\nA county lying in the south west part of the State, organ-\\nized in 1779 out of Tyron, now extinct.\\nArea 870 square miles.\\nPopulation 13,550.\\nFarms, 1000; acres improved, 70,500 acres unimproved,\\n225,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 30,500\\nbushels; oats, 85,000 bushels; potatoes, 65,220 bushels; pease,\\n10,330 bushels; butter, 95,500 pounds; hay, 5,000 tons; rice,\\n5,000 pounds; tobacco, 10,500 pounds; wool, 15,300 pounds;\\nbeeswax and honey, 15,000 pounds; 500 bales of cotton.\\nStock: horses and mules, 2,700; cattle, 13,000; sheep, 10,-\\n338; hogs, 40,000.\\nNatural forest: ash, elm, oak, chestnut, sugar maple, c.\\nWater courses: Broad river and its tributaries run through\\nthis county.\\nChurches 46; several schools of different grades. Mills,\\nc, 25 grist mills; 7 saw mills; 10 tanneries.\\nSurface, broken; part mountainous.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "(51)\\nSoil good, capable of being made highly productive. Lands\\nare abundant and cheap, from $1 to $10. Lying as this county\\ndoes along the base of the mountains makes its climate plea-\\nsant and healthy.\\nThe Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Rail Road.\\npasses through Rutherfordton, the county seat, which is about\\n215 miles west from Raleigh.\\nSAMPSON.\\nThis county was formed in 1784, from Duplin county. It\\nlies in the Eastern part of the State.\\nArea, 940 square miles.\\nPopulation, 16,500.\\nFarms, 1,000; acres improved, 112,000; unimproved, 365,-\\n000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 450,000 bushels; wheat, 30,000\\nbushels; oats, 70,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 265,000 bushels;\\npease, 10,000 bushels; butter, 105,000 pounds; hay, 5,500 tons:\\nrice, 75,000 pounds; cotton, 2,500 bales; lumber, $20,000;\\nturpentine, tar and pitch, about $150,000.\\nNatural forest: long leaf and short leaf pine, juniper, oak,\\nhickory, c.\\nWater courses: Black river, rises near the Northern boun-\\ndary, and runs through the length of the county.\\nChurches, 28 several schools, lawyers and doctors.\\nMills, c: grist mills, 10; tar and turpentine manufactories,\\n50; turpentine distilleries, 10; saw mills, 6.\\nSurface level; soil part sandy and rich swamps. The soil\\nis very good for cotton, corn, oats, grapes of different kinds.\\nIts pine lumber is valuable. The best of the land is in its\\noriginal growth. Lands are cheap.\\nClinton is the county seat, and about 95 miles South of\\nRaleigh.\\nSTANLY.\\nThis county was organized in 1841, and taken from Mont-\\ngomery county.\\nArea, 280 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,000.\\nFarms, 550; acres improved, 35.000; acres unimproved\\n155,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 225,000 bushels; wheat, 35,000\\nbushels; oats, 30,000 bushels; potatoes, 25,000 bushels; pease\\n5,500 bushels; butter, 30,500 pounds; hay, 1,500 tons; tobacco,\\n5,000 pounds; wool, 6,500 pounds; honey, 15,000 pounds.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "(52)\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,700; cattle, 5,000; sheep, 4,500;\\nhogs, 15,000.\\nNatural forest: beach, elm, ash, oak, c.\\nWater courses: Yadkin and Rockingham Rivers, Long\\nCreek and others.\\nGold is found in large quantities. Silver is also found in\\nthe county.\\nChurches, 23; several schools, lawyers and doctors. There\\nare 10 grist mills and 8 tanneries.\\nThis county presents great attraction for capitalists. Its\\nwater power for machinery is very great. Its mineral resour-\\nces are valuable. Lands adapted to cotton, wheat, corn and\\nfruits. They are cheap.\\nAlbemarle is the county seat, about 140 miles from Raleigh.\\nSTOKES.\\nThis county was formed in 1789, out of Surry county, and\\nlies on the Virginia line.\\nArea, 550 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,500.\\nFarms, 650; acres improved, 35,000; unimproved 150,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 250,000 bushels; wheat, 20,000\\nbushels; oats, 50,000 bushels; potatoes, 35,000 bushels; pease,\\n5,000 bushels; butter, 31,000 pounds; hay, 2,000 tons; tobacco,\\n75,000 pounds; wool, 25,000 pounds; honey, 25,500 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules, 1,225; sheep, 5,000; cattle, 6,000:\\nhogs, 12,000.\\nThere are 6 iron forges; 15 grist mills; 4 saw mills; 10\\ntanneries; 15 tobacco factories.\\nChurches, 30 several ministers, lawyers and doctors, acad-\\nemies, schools and post offices.\\nWater courses: Dan river and its numerous branches run\\nthrough different parts of the county.\\nThe surface is broken and mountainous.\\nSoil fertile.\\nThere are valuable deposits of iron, lime and coal in this\\ncounty.\\nRail Roads are projected to run through this county, which\\nwill help to develop its great natural resources. It has a\\nhealthy climate and much water power. Lands are cheap.\\nD anbury, is the county seat, 110 miles from Raleigh.\\nSUEEY.\\nThis county was organized in 1770, from Rowan county. It\\nlies in the north western part of the State, on the Virginia\\nline.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "(53)\\nArea, 900 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,50 J.\\nFarms, 1,500: acres improved, 105,000; acres unimproved,\\n305,000.\\nAnnual products: corn, 155,000 bushels; wheat, 10,000\\nbushels; oats, 2,000 bushels; Irish Potatoes, 25,000 bushels;\\npease, 12,500 bushels; butter, 12,000 pounds; flax, 35,000\\npounds; tobacco, 45,000 pounds; honey, 35,000 pounds.\\nStock: horses and mules. 3,200; cattle, 10,500; sheep\\n12,000; hogs, 35,000.\\nNatural forests: mountain ash, poplar, chestnut, oak and\\nhickory.\\nChurches, 30; 10 schools; 3 cotton factories; 10 iron forges;\\n2 iron founderies; 10 grist mills; 12 distilleries.\\nWater courses: Yadkin, Fishers and Ararat rivers and\\nsmaller creeks.\\nThis county is mountainous, but fertile along the valleys and\\nwater courses. Lands can be bought low.\\nThe celebrated Pilot mountain lies in the eastern part of\\nthe county. Iron ore is found in large quantities.\\nJefferson is the county seat, about 175 miles from Raleigh.\\nTRANSYLVANIA.\\nThis county was organized in 1863, out of Henderson,\\nHaywood and Jackson.\\nIt having been so recently organized, no official statistics\\nhave been published. It lies in the extreme South-western\\npart of the State, in a beautitul mountain country, where corn,\\nwheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, sorghum and clover grow luxu-\\nriantly. The finest apples are produced here in greatest per-\\nfection, as in all this western region. It is a fine grazing\\ncounty.\\nFarms, 125: population, 4,000; churches, 22; ministers,\\n10; schools, 6; lawyers, 2; doctors, 8; grist mills, 20; post\\noffices, 7.\\nIt has vast resources in agricultural and mineral wealth to\\nbe yet developed by new settlers. Lands are cheap and\\nabundant. The country rolling and healthy.\\nBrevard is the county seat, about 220 miles from Raleigh.\\nTY 7 RRELL.\\nThis county is one of the oldest counties in the State,\\nhaving been settled in 1729. It was included in what is now\\nWashington county. It lies in the extreme eastern part of the\\nState.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "(54)\\nSurface level; soil good, abounding in rich swamp lands.\\nArea, 320 square miles.\\nPopulation, 5,000.\\nFarms, 300; acres improved, 21,500; acres unimproved,\\n163,000.\\nNatural growth of timber: juniper, pine, gum, oak, cypress.\\nStock: horses, 428; mules, 196; cows, 1,500; other cattle,\\n3,500; sheep, 2,699; hogs, 8.500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 12,500 bushels; rye, 10,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 300,000 bushels; oats, 567 bushels; rice, 11,500 pounds;\\nwool, 4,500 pounds; pease, 12,500 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n4,300 bushels; sweet potatoes, 28,775 bushels; wine, 2,500 gal-\\nlons; butter, 12,000 pounds; hay, 100 tons; flax, 4,000 pounds;\\nbeeswax, 2,500 pounds; honey, 25,000 pounds; fish, 5,000 bar-\\nrels; lumber, shingles, staves, c, $75,000.\\nMills: grist mills, 2; saw mills, 4; shingle mills, 21.\\nChurches, 12; ministers, 4; lawyers, 1; doctors, 3; acade-\\nmies, 1 post offices, 2.\\nIt is a splendid corn region and the scuppernong grape\\ngrows luxuriantly here.\\nThe farms around Lakes Phelp are equal in soil and pro-\\nductiveness to any in the State.\\nThe uncleared lands are rich and valuable for cypress\\nlumber.\\nColumbia is the county seat.\\nUNION.\\nThis county was organized in 1842, from the Southeastern\\npart of Mecklenburg. It lies in the Southern part of the\\nState.\\nArea, 350 square miles.\\nPopulation, 11,500.\\nFarms, 925; acres improved, 66,500; unimproved, 236,900.\\nNatural growth of timber: ash, elm, beech, walnut, oak and\\npine.\\nStock: horses, 2,163; mules, 700; cows, 3,118; other stock,\\n6,500; sheep, 11,641; hogs, 20,500.\\nAnnual products; wheat, 76,321 bushels; corn, 305,000\\nbushels; oats, 26,000 bushels; tobacco, 5,000 pounds; cotton,\\n4,500 bales; wool, 14,000 pounds; pease, 18,500 bushels; Irish\\npotatoes, 7,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels; orchard\\nproducts, $5,000; market vegetables, $6,500; butter, 85,476\\npounds; hay, 500 tons; maple molasses, 1,500 gallons; honey,\\n32,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 23; ministers, 10; academies, 2; primary schools,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "(55)\\n4; teachers, 10; lawyers 2; doctors, 9; post offices, 10; grist\\nmills, 20.\\nMines: 6 gold mines located in the Northwestern part of\\nthe countr.\\nWater courses: Rocky river. Crooked, Richard s, Negro\\nHead, Lane and Wraxhaw creeks.\\nThis county is rich in minerals, especially in gold. Solid\\nlumps have been found, worth from $2,000 to $3,000, and there\\nis but little doubt that the mines are very rich.\\nThe soil is very productive for grain of all kinds, and may\\nbe bought at low prices.\\nThis county was the birth place of Andrew Jackson, Presi-\\ndent of the United States.\\nGranite underlies a part of the surface, and extensive beds\\nof slate are found in other parts. The whetstone is found near\\nMonroe.\\nMonroe is the county seat, 150 miles Southwest from\\nRaleigh.\\nWAKE.\\nThis county was organized in 1790, and named after Gov.\\nTyron s wife. It is beautifully located in the centre of the\\nState.\\nArea, 950 square miles.\\nPopulation, 26,000.\\nFarms, 1,500; acres improved, 185,000; unimproved, 368,-\\n000; cash value of land, $3,500,000.\\nStock: horses, 4,000; mules, 1,235; cows, 5,639; other\\ncattle, 11,000; sheep, 10,750; hogs, 50,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 80,000 bushels; corn, 750,000\\nbushels; cotton, 5,000 bales; rice, 13,000 pounds; wool,\\n14,000 pounds; pease, 50,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 15,-\\n000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 250,000 bushels; orchard pro-\\nducts, $1,500; market vegetables, $10,000; butter 150,000\\npounds; hay, 10,000 tons; beeswax, 2,000 pounds; honey,\\n40,000.\\nChurches, 40; 1 male College at Wake Forest; academies,\\n10, and primary schools; ministers, 70; teachers, 50; lawyers,\\n25 doctors, 40.\\nThere is one paper mill, 1 foundry and machine shop, 1\\nfoundery and plow factory, 1 sash and planing factory, 10\\nsteam saw mills and 40 grist mills.\\nWater courses: Neuse river runs through the county, Swift,\\n^Walnut, Crabtree, New Light and Big lick creeks.\\nThe North Carolina Central Rail Road runs through the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "(56)\\ncounty. The Raleigh Gaston Rail Road also runs from\\nRaleigh to Weldon. A Rail Road is in progress from Raleigh\\nto be extended through the Coalfields in Chatham to Colum-\\nbia, South Carolina.\\nThis county produces tobacco, corn, oats, cotton, sorghum,\\npease, potatoes, fruits and garden vegetables in great abun-\\ndance. Lands -are cheap and it is a very desirable section for\\nthe emigrant.\\nThere is a large mine of plumbago within a few miles of\\nRaleigh, that has been largely worked. Granite also abounds\\nin various places.\\nRaleigh is the capital of the State and seat of justice for\\nWake county. It is a growing city and a desirable and healthy\\nplace. The public institutions of the State are located here:\\nthe Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind, the Lunatic\\nAsylum and the Penitentiary.\\nWAKREJST.\\nThis county was organized in 1779, from an old county\\n(Bute) now extinct. It lies in the northern part of the State-\\nand borders upon Yirginia.\\nArea, 480 square miles.\\nPopulation, 13,765.\\nFarms, 600; acres improved, 122,000; acres unimproved,\\n225,500.\\nNatural growth of timber: oak, hickory, walnut, ash, elm,\\ncedar, gum, c.\\nStock: horses, 3,964; mules, 900; cows, 3,500; other cattle r\\n6,500; sheep, 7,500; hogs, 25,000.\\nAnnual Products: wheat, 125,000 bushels; corn, 500,000\\nbushels; oats, 98,000 bushels; tobacco, 6,150,000 pounds;\\ncotton 500 bales; wool, 13,500 pounds; pease, 50,000 bushels;\\nIrish potatoes, 15,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 66,500 bushels;\\nbutter, 65,842 pounds; hay, 3,500 tons; beeswax, 1,200 pounds;:\\nhoney, 15,000 pounds.\\nThere are 22 churches; 15 ministers; academies: 2 female\\nand 4 others; teachers, 15; lawyers, 6; doctors, 15; merchants,\\n25; post offices, 11.\\nThere are 21 grist mills; 4 saw mills; 3 distilleries; 6 tan-\\nneries.\\nIt is watered by Roanoke River, Nutbush, Fishing and\\nShocco Creeks.\\nThis county is considered one of the best in the State. The 1\\npeople are intelligent and hospitable. Lands are fertile, rich\\nand productive.\\nIt is intersected by the Raleigh and Gaston Rail Road.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "(57)\\nWarrbnton, the county seat, 63 miles west from Raleigh,\\nabout 4 miles south from the Raleigh and Gaston Rail Road.\\nRidgeway is well located on the Raleigh and Gaston\\nRail Road, and quite a town is springing up here, with vine-\\nyards, orchards and market gardens all around it.\\nWASHINGTON.\\nThis county was organized in 1790, and named after Gen.\\nGeorge Washington.\\nSurface, level; soil rich and productive.\\nArea, 400 square miles.\\nPopulation, 6,500.\\nFarms, 500; acres improved, 25,000; acres unimproved,\\n75,000.\\nNatural growth of timber: oak, elm, pine, juniper, cedar,\\ngum and cypress,\\nStock: horses, 675; mules, 250, cows, 1,500; other stock,\\n3,000; sheep, 2,500; hogs, 10,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 35,750 bushels; oats, 2,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 250,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; rice, 10,000 pounds;\\nwool, 5,000 pounds; pease, 20.000 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 50,000 bushels; hay, 2,000 tons;\\n20,000 barrels of tar and turpentine $30,000 worth of lumber;\\n5,000 barrels of fish, besides grapes, wine, apples. c.\\nThere are churches, 15; ministers, 10; academies and schools,\\n6; lawyers, 4; doctors, 6; teachers, 8; post offices, 4.\\nThere are 20 tar and turpentine manufactories, 3 grist mills,\\n6 shingle mills, 1 ship yard.\\nWater courses: Roanoke River and Welch Creek on the\\nwest, Albemarle Sound on the north. Scuppernong River and\\nLake Phelps on the east, and Lake Pungo on the south.\\nThis is one of the prettiest counties in the east. Lying on\\nthe Albemarle Sound.\\nThere is in this county, in its natural groAvth, lands that\\nwill, when brought into cultivation, be as rich and valuable as\\nany in the State. Its land, lumber, fisheries and productions,\\nwith easy access to all parts of the United States give it pecu-\\nliar advantages and attractions.\\nPlymouth is the county seat, 162 miles east from Raleigh.\\nWATAUGA.\\nThis county was organized in 1849, from Ashe, Caldwell r\\nWilkes and Yancey, deriving its name from an Indian river.\\nIt lies in the Northwestern part of the State.\\nSurface, mountainous.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "(58)\\nSoil, fertile.\\nArea, 500 square miles.\\nPopulation 5,000\\nFarms, 500; acres improved, 25,000; unimproved, 145,000.\\nStock: horses, 850; mules, 155; cows, 1,607; other cattle,\\n3,000; sheep, 6,000; hogs, 12,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 14,000 bushels; rye, 13,800 bush-\\nels; corn, 110,000 bushels; oats, 40,500 bushels; rice 1,000\\npounds; tobacco, 10,000 pounds; cotton, 500 bales; wool, 12,-\\n000 pounds; pease, 10,500 bushels; Irish potatoes, 20,000\\nbushels; sweet potatoes, 1,500 bushels; buckwheat, 10,000\\nbushels; orchard produce, $12,565; market gardening, $13,-\\n410; butter 75.000 pounds; cheese, 5,000 pounds; hay, 4,500\\ntons; fiax, 25,000 pounds; maple sugar, 15,000 pounds; maple\\nmolasses, 6,000 gallons; beeswax, 1,500 pounds; honey, 20,-\\n000 pounds.\\nChurches, 12; ministers, 8; academies and primary schools,\\n10; lawyers, 1; doctors, 3; grist mill, 10; post offices, 8.\\nNatural growth of timber: sugar maple, elm, oak, ash,\\npine, c.\\nWater courses: New river, Watauga river, Elk, Cau, Neal,\\nCamp and other creeks.\\nThis county lying off the line of travel and commerce, has\\nnot been able to develop its resources, like many others, but\\nwhen its mines are worked, its lands cultivated, with its stock\\nraising advantages, c, and its mountain scenery, it will be\\nvery desirable.\\nGood land from fifty cents per acre to five dollars are found\\nin this county.\\nBoone, the county seat, is 240 miles West from Raleigh.\\nIt was named after Daniel Boone, the celebrated hunter.\\nWAYNE.\\nThis couuty was organized in 1779, from Dobb s county,\\nnow extinct. It lies in the Eastern part of the State.\\nSurface level; soil excellent.\\nPopulation 15,000.\\nArea, 450 square miles.\\nAcres improved, 109,000; unimproved, 200,000; cash value\\nof land, $3,500,000.\\nStock: horses, 2,225; mules, 500; cows, 2,500; other cattle,\\n4,500; sheep, 4,000; hogs, 40,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 16,650 bushels; rye, 20,000 bushels;\\n*corn, 550,000 bushels; oats, 15,000 bushels; rice, 10,000 pounds,\\ncotton, 6,000 bales; pease, 110,000 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 175,000 bushels; orchard pro-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "(59)\\nducts, $10,500; wine, 1,000 gallons; butter, 35,000 pounds;\\nhay, 5,000 tons; honey, 15,000 pounds; turpentine, tar and\\nlumber, $100,000.\\nChurches, 25; ministers, 15; female colleges, 1; academies,\\n4; primary schoolg, 10; lawyers, 7; doctors, 10;. post offices,\\n10; sawmills, 6; grist mills, 8; tar and turpentine manufac-\\ntories, 51 turpentine distilleries, 10\\nWater courses: Neuse river, Little river, Nahunta, Falling\\nand Sleepy Creeks.\\nNative Forest: pine, oak, ash, gum, c.\\nThe lands on Neuse river, Little river and their tributaries\\nare very rich and productive.\\nCorn, cotton, wheat, oats, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables\\nare productive here abundantly. Its iacilities for traveling\\nand exportation by water and Rail Roads are very good. It\\nis, perhaps, second to Edgecombe as a cotton growing county,\\nand is very desirable for truck farming and vineyards.\\nThe North Carolina Central Rail Road, the North Carolina\\nAtlantic Rail Road, and the Wilmington Weldon Rail\\nRoad all centre and cross the county at Goldsboro. Much\\ngood land for sale on easy terms. This is a first rate county\\nfor immigrants.\\nGoldsboro is the county seat, a growing place. It is fifty\\nmiles East from Raleigh, eighty-four miles North from Wil-\\nmington, seventy-eight miles South from Weldon, sixty miles\\nfrom New Bern, and ninety-five miles from Morehead City.\\nWILKES.\\nThis county was organized in 1777, from Surry, and named\\nafter John Wilkes, the English statesman.\\nWilkes county lies in the north-western part of the State.\\nArea, 550 square miles.\\nPopulation, 15,000.\\nFarms, 1,125; acres improved, 75,000; acres unimproved,\\n270,000.\\nNatural growth of timber: white ash, sugar maple, beech,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2oak, gum, c.\\nStock: horses, 2,362; mules, 300; cows, 3,000; other cattle,\\n5,000; sheep, 7,874; hogs, 25,000.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 55,560 bushels; rye, 12,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 310,000 bushels; oats, 36,566 bushels; tobacco, 100,000\\npounds; wool, 15,877 pounds; pease, 10,000 bushels; Irish\\npotatoes, 15,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 27,000 bushels;\\norchard products, $30,000; wine, 500 gallons; butter, 85,000\\npounds; hay, 500 bales; cheese, 3,000 pounds; flax, 18,000\\npounds; flaxseed, 2,000 pounds; sorghum molasses, 5,500 gal*", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "(60)\\nIons; beeswax, 36,000 pounds; honey, 75,000 pounds; home\\nmanufactures, $36,000.\\nThere are churches, 48 ministers, 20 academies and pri-\\nmary schools, 12; teachers, 15; lawyers, 4; doctors, 10; post\\noffices, 10.\\nFactories: cotton factory, 1; linseed oil mill, 1; tanneries, 8;\\ngrist mills, 12.\\nWater courses: Yadkin River and Reddie River, Moravian,\\nLewis Fork, Roaring, Mulberry, Bugaboo, Elkin and Cub\\nCreeks.\\nMountains: it is nearly surrounded by the Ridge and spurs of\\nthe Blue Ridge.\\nIt is thought there are extensive beds of iron ore in the\\nnorthern part of the county.\\nLands are very cheap and abundant. On the water courses\\nthe lands are very good. Corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco and\\nfruits grow well here. There is an abundance of water power\\nfor manufactories.\\nWilkesboro is the county seat, 172 miles north-west from\\nRaleigh.\\nWILSON.\\nThis county was organized in 1856, and named after Gen.\\nWilson of Edgecombe, who died at Yera Cruz in Mexico,\\nduring the war with Mexico.\\nArea, 250 square miles.\\nPopulation 9,750.\\nFarms, acres improved, 65,000; acres unimproved,\\n115,500. Cash value $1,500,000.\\nNative forests pine, oak, hickory, ash, c.\\nStock: horses, 1,200; mules, 600; cows, 1,280; other cattle,\\n3,000; sheep, 2,725; hogs, 20,591.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 5,000 bushels; rye, 12,000 bushels;\\ncorn, 230,000 bushels; oats, 4,500 bushels; cotton, 3,500 bales;\\nwool, 5,000 pounds; pease, 5,000 bushels; Irish potatoes,\\n8,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 75,000 bushels; orchard pro-\\nducts, $5,000; wine, 1,000 gallons; butter, 10,000 pounds;\\nhay, 3,000 tons; honey, 10,000 pounds.\\nChurches, 15; ministers, 10; 4 academies; 6 primary schools;\\nteachers, 12; lawyers, 7; doctors, 10; post offices, 6.\\nThere are 8 grist mills; 4 steam saw mills; 25 tar and tur-\\npentine manufactories.\\nNatural growth: pine, oak, gum, cypress, c.\\nThis county contains much fine land. It produces well,\\ncotton, corn wheat, oats, potatoes, pease, grapes, apples,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "(61)\\npeaches and other fruits. It is well adapted to grape raising.\\nGood land can be bought on good terms and fair prices.\\nThe Wilmington and Weldon Kail Road runs through this\\ncounty.\\nWilson is the county seat, situated on the Wilmington\\nand Weldon Rail Road, 48 miles east from Raleigh.\\nYANCEY.\\nThis county was organized in 1833, from Buncombe. It\\nlies on the North-western line of the State, and bounded on\\nthe West by the State of Tennessee.\\nSurface generally mountainous. Soil productive.\\nArea, 680 square miles.\\nPopulation, 8,655.\\nFarms, 970; acres improved, 46,000; acres unimproved,\\n265,675.\\nNatural growth of timber: black oak, white oak, red oak,\\nchestnut oak, poplar, sugar maple, mountain birch, mahogany,\\nwalnut, cherry, locust, persimmon, balsam, pine and numerous\\nothers, of small growth.\\nStock: horses, 1,674; mules, 300; cows, 3,000; other cattle,\\n4,507; sheep, 6.500; hogs, 25,500.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 40,000 bushels; rye, 6500 bushels;\\ncorn, 25,000 bushels; oats, 60,500 bushels; tobacco, 20,00\u00c2\u00a7\\npounds; wool, 15,000 pounds; sweet potatoes, 50,000 bushels.\\nThere are 20 ministers, 10 academies, 4 primary schools, 20\\nteachers, 2 lawyers, 5 doctors, post offices, 13 grist mills,\\n6 tanneries, c.\\nMines: gold, copper, silver, iron, copperas and black lead\\nare found in the mines of Fork Creek, South Yoe river, Egyot,\\nCaney river and other parts of the county.\\nThe soil generally is highly productive and produces luxu-\\nriant crops of tobacco, wheat, oats, buckwheat, butter, honey\\nand fruit.\\nCattle can be raised in any quantity.\\nOrchards can be made to any extent. Apples have been\\ngrown in this county weighing a pound and a-half.\\nIts water courses are, Nalychucky river, Caney river and\\nYoe river, Pigeon and Cat tail creeks.\\nHere is the range of the celebrated Black mountain, being\\nthe highest range of mountains in the United States, east of\\nthe Rocky mountains. The sides and tops are covered with\\nthe balsam tree, the highest peak is called Mitchells peak.\\nBurnsville is the county seat, 240 miles north-west from\\nRaleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "(62)\\nYADKIN.\\nThis county was organized in 1850, from the southern part\\nof Surry, deriving its name from the Yadkin river.\\nArea, 310 square miles.\\nPopulation, 10,900.\\nAcres improved, 62,000; acres unimproved, 138,000. Cash\\nvalue, $1,125,000.\\nNatural growth of timber: mountain ash, gum, chestnut,\\noak, c.\\nStock: horses, 1,796; mules, 500; cows, 2,000; other cattle,\\n3,000; sheep, 6,000; hogs, 16,225.\\nAnnual products: wheat, 67,810 bushels; rye, 6,866 bushels;\\ncorn, 300,000 bushels; oats, 50,000 bushels; tobacco, 155,542\\npounds; wool, 10,000 pounds; Irish potatoes, 8,000 bushels;\\nsweet potatoes, 20,000 bushels; orchard products $15,500;\\nbutter, 70,000 pounds; cheese, 3,250 pounds; hay, 1,500 tons;\\nflax, 6,500 pounds; flax seed, 2,000 pounds; sorghum molasses,\\n3,000 gallons; beeswax, 5,000 pounds; honey, 70,000 pounds.\\nThere are churches, 25; ministers, 15; academies, 4; pri-\\nmary schools, 8; teachers, 15; lawyers, 3; doctors, 16; post\\noffices,. 10.\\nThere are 15 grist mills; 3 saw mills, c.\\nWater courses: Yadkin river forms the north and east\\nboundary of the county. Deep creek and Panther creek with\\ntheir branches spread nearly all over the county.\\nThis a splendid county for settlers, good churches and\\nschools, healthy climate, good farming land and can be pur-\\nchased on good terms.\\nYadkinville the county seat, 130 miles north west from\\nRaleigh.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CORRESPONDENCE.\\nIn order to obtain the latest and most reliable information,\\nboth general and specific, in regard to the agricultural, min-\\ning and manufacturing resources of North Carolina, the gen-\\neral character of its soils, climate, productiveness, and prices of\\nlands, the North Carolina Land Company requested several\\nintelligent and prominent gentlemen of the State to furnish\\nthat information. The following letters is the result of that\\nrequest.\\nThe reader will find much valuable matter in these letters,\\nfrom the most undoubted sources, and will find the labor of\\nreading them both pleasant and instructive.\\nThe first letter we present, is a most valuable contribution\\nfrom Hon. Wm. B. Rodman, an intelligent native and long\\nresident of the State, an able lawyer and a practical farmer,\\nand one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State. Mr.\\nR. is a resident of Washington, Beaufort Co., but writes from\\nthis city while in attendance here upon official duties:\\nRaleigh, April 2, 1869.\\nTo the North Carolina Land Comjxiny:\\nGentlemen\\nFor the purposes of physical geography, the State of\\nNorth Carolina may be divided by lines running nearly\\nnortheast and southwest, and somewhat parallel to each\\nother, into four belts or sections. The first of these, is\\nbounded by the ocean on the east, by the State of Virginia\\non the north and on the west by a line beginning on the\\nline between Virginia and North Carolina north of the\\nwestern border of Perquimans county, about 76 deg. 20 m.\\nlongitude west of Greenwich, and running thence in a south-\\neastern course to Wilmington on the Cap Few river. This\\nmaybe called the swamp land section: it comprises the\\nfollowing counties: Currituck, Camden, Pasquotank, Per-\\nquimans, Chowan, Washington, Tyrrell, Beaufort, Hyde,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "(64)\\nCraven, Carteret, Jones, Onslow, New Hanover and Bruns-\\nwick.\\nThe other sections may be briefly defined as follows:\\nSecond section, or cotton region west of the former, and\\nbounded on the west, beginning at the falls of the Roanoke\\nat Weldon and running in a general southwestern direction\\nto the western boundary of Richmond county.\\nThird section, which may be called the central one, ex-\\ntending from the western boundary of the second, to the\\nfoot of the mountains.\\nFourth section, which may be called the mountain one,\\nto the western boundary of the State.\\nThe climate, soil and productions of these sections con-\\nsiderably differ. It is to the first of these sections alone,\\nthat this letter is devoted.\\nPhysical Geography of the Swamp Land BeH The Banks.\\nIt will be seen from a map, that the extreme eastern limit\\nof the State, consists of a narrow strip of land extending\\nalong the entire coast, and separating the ocean from the\\ninterior waters. This strip is sandy, varying in width from\\nabout one-fourth of a mile, to about five miles: in places it\\nis entirely bare of vegetation being merely the beach of the\\nocean: in other places, especially in the neighborhood of\\nCape Hatteras, where it is widest, it is covered by live oaks,\\nred cedars and the ordinary trees of the main land, and a\\nshrub called yeopon, from which is made a tea much valued\\nby some. This strip of land is called the Banks. It is broken\\nonly by four considerable inlets, Hatteras, Ocracoke, Beau-\\nfort and at the mouth of the Cape Fear river. Through\\nthese, vessels from the sea enter the interior waters. The\\ndepth of water which can be carried into the interior through\\nHatteras or Ocracoke is eight feet, at Beaufort sixteen, at\\nthe mouth of the Cape Fear twelve. This strip of land is\\nnot suited to agriculture; the frequent winds prevent the\\ncultivation of the grains or of any, but low growing vege-\\ntables, but the soil is not in most places barren and the\\nmelons and sweet potatoes grown on the banks, are consid-\\nered to have more saccharine matter, than those of the inte-\\nrior. It is pretty thickly populated, the people live by fishing\\nand pilotage. A peculiar breed of ponies is raised on the\\nmarshes connected with the Banks. During the whole year\\nthey live on the grass of the salt marshes, and are never\\nstabled or fed with grain. As this country is not inviting\\nto emigration, we pass it over with this very brief description.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "(65)\\nThe Sounds.\\nCommencing just south of the Virginia line, the water\\nseparating the Banks from the main land, is called Currituck\\nsound. It varies in width from three to fifteen miles; the\\nwater is fresh or only brackish; it is nearly every where\\nshallow, and abounds with small marshy islands. It abounds\\nwith fish, and during the winter is resorted to, by immense\\nquantities of wild ducks, geese and swans, great numbers\\nof which are annually killed by sportsmen and sold at high\\nprices in the Northern cities. These fowls are also found\\nnumerously, but in less abundance, feeding along the shores\\nof all the sounds and rivers. The marshes from their ad-\\nvantages for shooting them, have a pecuniary value, which\\nthey would not otherwise have, and are sometimes rented\\nout to amateurs and others at fancy prices.\\nAlbermarle sound is a large sheet of fresh or brackish\\nwater, from eight to thirty miles wide, into which flow the\\nRoanoke, Chowan and other smaller rivers, that will be else-\\nwhere described. Immense quantities of herrings, shad,\\nbass and other fish are caught every spring on the shores\\nof this sound and the rivers emptying into it, by long seines\\narjd in gill nets.\\nCroatan sound connects Albemarle with Pamlico sound;\\nthis latter is always salt it is about thirty miles wide from\\neast to west and has from eight to ten feet of water. Core\\nsound about three miles wide, and with a channel of five\\nfeet depth, connects Pamlico sound with .Beaufort inlet, at\\nthe town of Beaufort and Morehead city.\\nThe harbor at Beaufort is one of the best on the Atlantic:\\ncoast, south of Norfolk. Vessels drawing sixteen feet can\\nenter at any time, and discharge their cargoes at the pier of\\nthe Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company. It\\nwill in the future be the site of an important city.\\nRivers and Creeks.\\nThis whole country is well watered; there is no part of\\nit more than ten miles from navigable water, and much the\\ngreater part is much nearer. The Chowan river is navi-\\ngable by eight feet water into Virginia a regular line of\\nsteamboats runs every other day up this and the Blackwater\\nriver, (one of its branches) and at Franklin connects with\\nthe Roanoke and Seaboard Railroad, running to Norfolk.\\nFrequent steamboats also, ply from Hamilton which may\\nbe considered the head of navigation on the Roanoke river,\\nand from the towns and landings lower down the river,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "(66)\\nthrough two canals which coimect Albemarle sound with\\nthe Elizabeth river at Norfolk. Boats drawing six feet\\nwater navigate these canals.\\nTar river, (so called in its upper course, but called Pam-\\nlico river in its course below Willow Point two miles above\\nthe town of Washington,) is the next considerable river\\nsouth of the Roanoke. It is six miles wide at its mouth, and\\nnavigable by vessels drawing eight feet water, to the town\\nof Washington thirty miles from its mouth; by boats draw-\\ning two feet, to Greenville twenty-five miles higher up, dur-\\ning the whole year; and to Tarboro, twenty-five miles above\\nGreenville, for about nine months in the year. The climate\\nand soil of the valley of the Tar river from its mouth to its\\nsource is the finest and most productive in the State.\\nGoing south we come to Neuse river, another noble\\nstream, nine miles wide at its mouth, having the same depth\\nof water as the Pamlico, up to New Berne about thirty miles\\nfrom its mouth, and navigable by small steamers during the\\ngreater part of the year, some fifty miles higher up.\\nThe Cape Fear is also a noble stream, having twelve feet\\nwater to Wilmington thirty-two miles, and navigable by\\nsmall steamers to Fayetteville about eighty miles higher up.\\nThe Mainland Its Soil.\\nThe section which we are now describing is alike in its\\nmain physical features throughout. The part immediately\\nbordering on the sounds to the east, is but little elevated\\nabove mean tide, but there is a general, nearly uniform,\\nascent of from one to two feet per mile towards the north-\\nwest. This is not universally true on the banks of the\\nrivers bluffs of from twenty to thirty feet high are occasion-\\nally found, and the land is sometimes slightly rolling and\\nbroken. Between each of the rivers, there is an elevation\\nparallel to their general course, but always being a good\\ndeal nearer the northern, than the southern stream: on a\\nline from Washington to Plymouth this elevation is forty\\nfeet; between Washington and New Berne it is probably\\nabout twenty five or thirty feet. Probably six-tentns of the\\ncountry consists of what are called swamp or poccosin lands.\\nIt is important to just ideas, that the meaning of the word\\nswamp, in this connection, should not be misunderstood.\\nIt does not mean, that the lands are at any time submerged\\nby the tides or freshets: on the contrary, much of the\\nswamp is higher than what is called the high land. In\\norder to understand it, we may assume, as is the fact, that\\nat a very recent period speaking geologically, the section\\nwe are describing, and also the section above it, as high up", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "(G7)\\nas the falls of the rivers, was a shallow sound of salt water,\\nlike those which now skirt the coast, the present surface\\nexactly resembled the present bottoms of those sounds,\\nwhere we find occasional sandy shoals or ridges thrown up\\nby the currents, enclosing more or less completely, small or\\nlarge spaces of water several feet deeper, in which the finer\\nsediment brought down by the rivers settles, mixed with\\nshells and other remains of fishes. The land was gradually\\nelevated by a force acting from the northwest; the shoals\\nbeing elevated above the water, but the deeper enclosed\\nplaces continuing, probably for a long time, to form shallow\\nlakes: these have gradually filled up, by the wash from the\\nneighboring lands, and by the decay of the luxuriant vege-\\ntation which they have produced for ages. These former\\nlakes are the swamp lands; they have all an abundant ele-\\nvation for drainage: and during much of the summer are\\ndry. There are two reasons why the rain which falls on\\nthem, does not run off fast enough to admit of their culti-\\nvation in their natural state. 1st. There is almost always a\\nnarrow strip of land, higher by two or three feet, than the\\ncontiguous edge of the swamp, lying between the lower\\nportion of it, and the nearest water course; and the branches\\nwhich are found intersecting this strip, have been so filled\\nup by matter washed in, and by a profuse growth of trees,\\nbushes and reeds, as to be inadequate to discharge the\\namount of water pressing towards them. 2nd. The whole\\nsurface is always covered with a dense growth of trees\\nor shrubbery, through which the water can find its\\nway but very slowly. It is necessary therefore, to\\nenlarge and deepen these natural drains, before under-\\ntaking to clear the land for cultivation.\\nThese swamps now produce, in varying quantities, the most\\nvaluable timber trees cypress, white cedaror juniper, poplar,\\nswamp pine and various kinds of oak, besides gums, maples,\\nfec, of less value. Some of these trees are of immense size:\\ncypress and poplars are found over fivefeetin diameter at four\\nfeet above the ground. A single cypress will sometimes make\\nshingles worth $100. The soil generally consists, for two\\nor more feet, of sand and clay extremely comminuted, and\\nof decayed vegetable matter in varying proportions; below\\nthis is very often found a bed of oyster or other shells, or\\npossibly a blue sand of a foot or more thickness, and then\\na somewhat tenacious clay. When well drained, it is of\\ngreat and enduring fertility, producing per acre from thirty\\nto fifty bushels of Indian corn, or from 400 to 600 pounds\\nginned cotton, or from ten to twenty bushels of wheat, or\\nother crops in like proportion. There are fields in Hyde\\ncounty which have been cultivated 100 years without rest", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "(68)\\nor manure, and they may now be relied on for thirty-five\\nbushels of corn per acre.\\nThe price of lands depends so much on circumstances,\\nwhich are hardly ever the same in any two instan-\\nces, that it is difficult to give any scale which would\\nbe reliable by a stranger. In the county of Beaufort in\\n1860, an ordinary piece of swamp land, not more than a\\nmile from a water course, or from boat navigation, unim-\\nproved in any way, would readily sell for from five to ten\\ndollars per acre. With less advantages the prices would be\\nless. The prices were about the same in other counties.\\nAt this time such land, when drained and in good condition\\nfor cultivation, is usually rented out at five dollars per acre,\\nor for one-third of the corn, or one-fourth of the cotton crop.\\nThe high lands have already been partially described as\\nforming ridges separating the swamps, and obstructing the\\ndischarge of their waters they vary in width, from a few\\nyards to several miles, and in composition, from a light sand\\nto a stiff clay. They also require drainage, but not as much\\nas the swamps; they are generally, in their original state\\ncovered with beautiful groves of long leaf pine and occa-\\nsional oaks. They were usually worth when unimproved\\nabout one-half as much as the swamps, the general situation\\nbeing the same. They would produce with the same culti-\\nvation rather less than one-half as much. Many persons,\\nhowever, prefer them to the swamps for cotton, as when\\nmarled they produce a better staple, and the crops ripen\\nearlier.\\nIn the counties of this section probably not over one-tenth\\nof the land is cleared.\\nClimate and Staiole Productions..\\nThe section we have been describing lies between thirty-\\nseven and thirty-four degrees of North latitude. Of course\\nthe summers are longer, and the winters milder in the south-\\nern than in the northern part. No where does the snow\\never lie on the ground more than a few days; at Wilmington\\nit is rarely seen. The climate is warmest in winter and\\ncoolest in summer, nearest the coast. At Hatteras the Pal-\\nmetto grows, which elsewhere is not found north of Charles-\\nton this is owing to the proximity of the gulf stream.\\nNorth of Albemarle sound cotton is not much grown as a\\nstaple crop. South of that it, with Indian corn, is the main\\ncrop. This section and the one just West of it, is probably\\nunsurpassed in the world as a cotton growing country. It\\nis conceded that on the choice lands of Alabama, Louisiana,\\ne larger crops can be sometimes made than it is possible", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "(69)\\nto make in North Carolina. But in those States there is an\\nuncertainty and a liability to accidents, such as inundations,\\nboll worm, army worm, c, c, which do not attach to\\nthis favored region and it is the opinion of many intelli-\\ngent men who have planted in both sections, that on an\\naverage of ten years the crops of these sections of North\\nCarolina would exceed those of the most fertile portions of\\nthe Southwest.\\nHealth.\\nLike all countries with an alluvial soil, chills and fever are\\nthe most common forms of disease; bilious fever also occurs\\nsometimes in August and September, but the country is in\\ngeneral eminently salubrious. Consumption, unless imported\\nis entirely unknown. The longevity of this section is equal\\nto that ot any in the United States. The census of I860\\nshows the average mortality of the whole United States\\nfor that year to have been 127 in 10,000, and the average\\nmortality of a tier of two counties next to the Atlantic,\\nfrom Delaware to Florida inclusive, was 134 in 10,000.\\nWhen it is considered that in this were included the un-\\nhealthy coasts ot South Carolina and Florida, we must con-\\nclude that the mortality of the North Carolina portion of\\nthis district, was less than the average. The mortality in\\nMassachusetts was 176 in the 10,000. Contrary to what\\nmight perhaps have been expected, the swamp lands are the\\nhealthiest, and those immediately on the banks of the rivers,\\nthe least so. This may be accounted for by the more sudden\\nchanges of temperature arising from greater exposure to the\\nocean wands, rapid cooling and catching cold.\\nFruits.\\nEvery part of this section is well adapted to raising apples,\\npears, peaches, figs, pomegranates, quinces, blackberries and\\nraspberries, and the swamp lands to cranberries and straw-\\nberries. The Catawba, Isabella and other grapes grow well,\\nbut the peculiar and most valuable grape of this belt is the\\nScuppernong: it is about the size of a boy s marble, of a\\ndark purple, or a transparent yellowish green color; it grows\\nsingly, not in bunches; ripens in August and Sejpt. It is\\npropagated by layers, never pruned, runs on arbors, bears in\\nthree years from the planting, and in five years will cover a\\nspace of 100 square feet and bear over two bushels to the\\nvine. All who are acquainted with its excellencies, esteem\\nit above all others as a table grape, and by general consent\\nit makes the best wine made in the United States. One", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "(70)\\nbushel of grapes will make from four to seven gallons of\\nwine, which is worth four dollars per gallon. The manufac-\\nture of wine is assuming large proportions. The raising of\\nvegetables to ship through Norfolk, to New York, is an\\nestablished and profitable business. The seasons, it is com-\\nputed, are about one week earlier for every half degree of\\nlatitude one goes South, but proximity to the sea, or a loca-\\ntion on the south side of a wide water course, has much\\ninfluence in this respect.\\nCattle.\\nThe climate is favorable to the raising of all domesticated\\nanimals. Horses and mules thrive. Cattle keep fat on the-\\nnative wild grasses for nine months in the year, and many\\nnever receive grain or hay or shelter, during the whole year.\\nHogs could keep fat all the year in the swamps on acorns\\nand reed roots, but during the summer they are liable to be\\nkilled by bears. Sheep require an open country and atten-\\ntion to protect the lambs from wild cats.\\nGame.\\nDeer and hares, abound; there are plenty of foxes for the-\\namusement of sportsmen. Quail and other birds are numer-\\nous. The finest fish are plentiful and cheap.\\nPopulation.\\nThe numbers of the people will be given under the heads-\\nof the several counties; the country will easily support\\ntwenty times its present numbers. The people are kind,\\nhonest, peaceable, and not very industrious or enterprising.\\nIn no country is there more disposition to welcome and assist\\nall worthy immigrants, whether they come with or without\\nmeans. Crimes of violence are extremely rare the laws-\\nare fairly administered.\\nInternal Improvements.\\nThe State has done but little in the way of artificial im-\\nprovement for this part of its territory. The two canal*\\nconnecting Albemarle sound with Norfolk have been already\\nspoken of. In 1840 the State cut two canals connecting\\nPungo lake and Alligator lake with Pungo river. Navigation\\nis everywhere so convenient that railroads are not absolutely-\\nneeded for local purposes. It is probable, however that the-\\nnecessity of a speedier and more direct communication,.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "(71)\\nbetween the thriving cities of Norfolk and the North, and\\nWilmington and the further South, will soon compel the\\nconstruction of a railroad from Norfolk or Suffolk to Eden-\\nton, thence it will be connected by a line of steamboats with\\nPlymouth, and from thence the road will run through Wash-\\nington and New Berne to Wilmington, thus shortening the\\ncommunication between the Northern and Southern Atlantic\\ncities by over 100 miles, and opening to a country, admirably\\nadapted to the raising of fruits and vegetables, the markets\\nof the great cities.\\nVery Respectfully,\\nWM. B. RODMAN.\\nThe following letter is from the pen of Rev. W. E. Pell, a\\nwell known clergyman and native of the State, and recently\\nthe able editor of the Sentinel, a leading newspaper, whose\\nlong and extensive acquaintance with almost every portion of\\nthe State, enables him to furnish an array of facts, which are\\nof the highest interest to the emigrant.\\nRaleigh, N. C. April 4, 1869.\\nTo the President and Directors of the North Carolina Land\\nCompany\\nGentlemen: Every philanthropist at all interested in the\\nfuture welfare of the toiling millions of Europe and of our own\\nNorthern States, and every well-wisher to the real and perman-\\nent interests of North Carolina, must thank you for the intel-\\nligent, enterprising and well-directed efforts you are making,\\nto induce emigrants from those crowded and over taxed sec-\\ntions, to seek a home in the Old North State.\\nFor many years, when I have instituted a comparison\\nbetween the cheap, productive lands of the South, and espe-\\ncially of this State, their accessibility to market, their large\\nreturns to skilled and intelligent labor, their varied products\\nand the superiority of our climate for health and enjoyment,\\nto the high-priced lands of the Northwest, the enormous\\ncost of transportation for the heavy products of that section,\\nthe short term allowed for labor in that cold bleak region,\\nand the little prospect of acquiring in that section wealth\\nor a competency for old age from the labors of the farm,\\nI have been astonished at the steady and enormous increase", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "(72)\\nof population in those States, and the very small accessions\\nfrom emigration to the population of the Southern States.\\nCan this fact be explained upon any sound principle, con-\\nceding that the emigrants themselves know what they are\\nabout? I think not. I must conclude, therefore, that large\\nbodies of emigrants to the North-west, both from the Northern\\nand Eastern States and from Europe, are either ignorant of\\nthe superiority of the advantages we possess in the South, or\\nthat they are the dupes of designing men and their agents,\\nwho are largely interested in the sale of Western lands and in\\nEail Roads; or that while Northern men and Europeans alike\\ndeclare their freedom from all prejudices against race or color,\\nthey are, nevertheless, the subjects of that very prejudice,\\nwhich leads them to eschew all contact with the black race.\\nIf this latter reason has heretofore influenced their action, it\\nought not longer to exist, since the laws of these Southern\\nStates as well as the laws of the United States, have removed\\nall grounds for this prejudice, by declaring that the negro is to\\nall intents and purposes, the full brother and equal of the\\nwhite man\\nBelieving that this rush of immigration to the far-west is\\nthe result of ignorance on the part of the emigrant, or the\\ncupidity and deception of the land speculators, and Rail Road\\ncorporations, I readily comply with your request, to furnish\\nyou with the facts and reasons, which go to prove unmistaka-\\nbly, that North Carolina is a better home for the emigrant,\\nthan the North-west.\\nADVANTAGE ARISING PROM OCCUPATION AND IMPROVEMENT.\\nThe region in the Northwest most inviting to the foreign\\nemigrant or the Northern and Eastern settler, or to which\\ntheir eyes are most earnestly directed by the Agents of the\\nland speculators in New York and other places, is- chiefly a\\nnew country, from which the Indians have been recently ex-\\npelled and which is still the haunt of wild beasts, open\\npraries or wild forests, with but few civilized inhabitants.\\nHere, nature in its wildest forms holds possession. The forests\\nare unfelled, cultivation is yet in its infancy and only in patches;\\nnone but the rudest tenements, if any, for human dwellings\\nexist; the lands unfenced, if opened, and every thing for shel-\\nter, for comfort and support must be begun. No churches, no\\nschools, no forges, no machine shops, no mills, no physicians,\\nno domestic animals, no laws but such as are improvised for\\nthe immediate wants of the settlement, to exert their controll-\\ning or conservative influence. Liie in fact must be begun\\nafresh, in new and in many of its most trying forms. Or if\\nthey are directed to the untenanted lands of Indiana, Illinois.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "(73)\\nMichigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, or Missouri, here the\\nimmigrant finds a stirring population, too much in earnest to\\nmake money to be hospitable to the stranger, brim full of the\\nidea of speculation or of reprisals upon the new settler, in the\\nshape of high prices for lands, and every article he is obliged\\nio purchase; while as yet the meagre supply of mills, stores,\\nmachines, schools, churches, c, render them almost inacces-\\nsible to the means and wants of the settler.\\nIn North Carolina the case is totally different. In the older\\nportions of the State, lands, tenements, mills, stores, physi-\\ncians, schools and churches are generally within the reach of\\nalmost any number of new settlers. Persons with slender\\nmeans who come into the State to settle, are not advised to\\nplunge into the extensive, uncultivated forests which abound\\nmore or less in all parts of the State, but especially in the\\nwestern counties, or into the unreclaimed swamp lands of the\\nEast. The rapid increase of the negro population in the\\nSouth during the existence of slavery, and the intense thirst\\nfor money-making among the whites, together with the remar-\\nkable cheapness of the lands, seemed to render the annual\\nclearing of new lands necessary. The consequence was that\\nevery large slave-owner cut down and opened a new farm\\nevery year, and as soon as the lands were a little worn, instead\\nof improving them with manure, (a much cheaper and easier\\nand a more sensible process than cutting down new lands)\\nthey Avere abandoned or turned out, to enable the planter to\\ncultivate his fresher fields.\\nWhat is the result? Why since the abolition of slavery\\nand the reduction of the field labor of the South by one half,\\nby the withdrawal of many strong laborers, and of the negro\\nwomen, boys and girls, from the tillage of the soil, there are\\nin North Carolina perhaps one half of the lands formerly\\ntilled in the State, that are now uncultivated. Much of the\\nlands regarded formerly as worn out, have grown up in pine,\\nwhich now are easily cleared, and by rest have vastly im-\\nproved. Many of these lands are capable of the highest im-\\nprovement and may be bought very low. Besides this there\\nare thousands of acres of cleared land, with tenements of\\nvarious kinds upon them, scattered from the sea-board to the\\nmountains, but especially in the Eastern Counties, which in-\\nvite the settler, at very low rates. These are in the midst of a\\npeaceable, hospitable and law abiding people, surrounded with\\nschools, churches, factories, stores, mechanic shops, physicians,\\nmills and all the appurtenances of civilized life. How much\\nbetter this, when things are equal, to the wild, unsettled, un-\\ncivilized condition of the Northwest to which immigration is\\nnow rushing? I do not over-state the case when I say,\\nthat there are this day, untenanted open lands enough in North.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "(74)\\nCarolina, to settle comfortably by the 1st of January 1870,\\nin time for the making of the next crop, 200,000 new settlers,\\ncheaper and better adapted to the purposes of comfort, wealth\\nand happiness, than the new, cold, inhospitable country to\\nwhich new settlers are directed in the Northwest.\\nBut again, an examination of the statistics of the several\\ncounties of the State, will show, that not one-third of the lands\\nof North Carolina to this day are opened they remain in\\ntheir native upland or swampy forests, covering much of the\\nvery best lands of the State, from which the wild beasts have\\nbeen nearly expelled. Large portions of these lands lie in\\nbodies of from five thousand to one hundred thousand acres,\\nsuited to the settlement of colonies\\nADVANTAGE IN VARIETY OF CROPS.\\nIt will be seen, that I present considerations intended\\nespecially to direct the movements of the emigrant who is or\\nintends to be a cultivator of the soil; a vocation far more\\nindependent, far more sure of success, far more promotive of\\nquiet and happiness, and far better calculated to effect in us\\nmoral and religious improvement, than any other. North\\nCarolina, however, is not behind any other State in the Union,\\nin the advantages she offers to skilled mechanics, manufac-\\nturers and miners. The raw material for the construction of\\nall kinds of buildings, mechanism, machinery and for every\\nspecies of manufacture and for mining, is found in North\\nCarolina in the greatest profusion. But it is agriculture\\nthe cultivation of the soil, as the great instrument for the\\ndevelopment of the whole State, that we specially need. When\\nour lands are put into the hands of strong, industrious and\\nskillful farmers, then every other species of progress and\\nimprovement will speedily follow.\\nIn the North-west, though much of the lands are immensely\\nrich and productive when brought into cultivation, yet the\\nagriculturalist in that region experiences a great draw-back\\nin the small variety of articles produced upon those lands.\\nWheat, Indian corn, (suited to stock-raising, but inferior for\\nbread to the corn raised in this State,) oats, rye, barley, buck-\\nwheat, beans, cabbage, Irish potatoes, hemp, apples and some\\nother inferior fruits, the grasses and a few other articles, consti-\\ntute the sum of the products of those States. Under skillful\\ncultivation, these articles are raised in great abundance.\\nBut look at the great variety of products grown in North\\nCarolina: Indian corn of the -best kind, cotton, tobacco, wheat\\nof the finest quality, rice, pease, buckwheat, oats, barley, rye,\\nflax, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, honey, hops, sorghum, sugar\\ncane, and pea nuts, all which are and can be made in large", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "(75)\\nquantities for exportation. Every species of garden vegetable\\nthat can be named grow abundantly: cabbage, green peas r\\nonions, beans, okra, beets of all kinds, turnips of every variety,\\ncarrots, parsnips, pepper, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, squashes,\\npumpkins, radishes, lettuce, spinach, c, c. Melons of all\\nkinds, most delicious. Apples, pears, peaches, and plums of\\nevery variety, cherries, apricots, nectarines, pomegranates,\\nquinces, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, currants, c.\\nBesides these, the cranberry grows spontaneously in several\\nsections, and the black-berry, the dew-berry and whortleberry\\ngrow wild and in abundance. Wild game is not abundant\\nexcept in the new settlements, but fish, one of the cheapest\\narticles of food, are found here in great quantities. It is\\nperfectly apparent, therefore to any one, that in no portion of\\nthe earth, are the means of living more abundant and within\\nthe reach of every one disposed to work than here.\\nBut the intelligent European or Northern farmer will be\\nstruck with the meagre product of the lands of North Carolina,\\nin many of the articles above named, as exhibited by the sta-\\ntistics, compared with the character of the soil and the large\\namount of cultivated lands and population given. I admit the\\nforce of this conclusion. Notwithstanding the boast we have\\nmade of the fertility and cheapness of our lands, I must\\nconfess with shame, that owing to the ignorance, the laziness,\\nand the absence of skill and progress in agriculture in North\\nCarolina, the statistics which have been made of our products,\\ndo not give the reader any intelligible idea of the capacity of\\nour lands. The same amount of labor which has been employed,\\nif it had been directed by scientific knowledge, by skillful\\nhands and operated by an improved culture, carefully selected\\nseeds and proper implements, might have doubled, trebled, if\\nnot quadrupled our products. But the labor employed has\\nbeen usually of tile rudest and most unskilled kind, badly\\ndirected, by rude implements and by a culture, twenty -five or\\nfifty years behind the age. I do not know that there are five\\nthorough, well instructed planters in the State. Were these\\nlands therefore, in the hands of thorough, highly cultivated\\nfarmers, the productions of the State would reach almost a\\nfabulous amount.\\nADVANTAGE IN TRANSPORTATION.\\nThe heavy and unweildy products of the Northwest and\\ntheir costly exportation, is a most serious obstacle in the way\\nof success. Frequently before they reach the markets to\\nwhich they must go, before they can be consumed, the cost of\\ntransportation is two or three times the cost of production.\\nWhat avail therefore, is the immense productiveness of the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "(76)\\nNorthwestern lands, if the products when sold at home or in\\na distant market, can scarcely reach the cost of production\\nTo the planter of small means, this is often crushing to him,\\nwhile the carrier of his products and the merchant who sells\\nthem, alone are made rich. In North Carolina it is far dif-\\nferent. The planter who is inaccessible to market for his\\nheavy products, only seeks to make enough of them for home\\nconsumption, while the greater variety of products in this\\nState, enables him to spend his strength upon lighter and more\\nprofitable marketable articles. But in the greater portion of\\nthis State, our navigable streams and Rail Roads, with cheap\\ntransportation, put our planters in constant competition with\\nthe planters of the Northwest in the production of heavy\\narticles, while it gives them a monopoly in the production of\\nour greater varieties and the lighter articles.\\nADVANTAGE OF CLIMATE.\\nThe foregoing observations based as they are upon irrefrag-\\nable facts, are sufficient to satisfy the most incredulous, of the\\nsuperiority of North Carolina over the Northwest to the new\\nsettler and emigrant. But in what I shall say on this head, I\\nwill demonstrate it, beyond cavil.\\nIn the cold, bleak, inhospitable climate of the Northwest,\\n.almost the entire out-door labors of the farm must be attended\\nto during the six or seven most pleasant months of the year.\\nFrost, ice and snow render ditching, fencing or plowing,\\nhazardous to health, if not impossible. In North Carolina\\nditching and draining can usually be performed during all the\\nmonths but two, and even during these, this labor is interfered\\nwith more from wet, than from cold. Fencing can be done\\n:at all seasons, so can the collection of muck and other sub-\\nstances for manure. Plowing can be done at almost any sea-\\nson, the cold and wet of winter interfering with this labor,\\nbut little less than the drought of summer. The labors of the\\nfarm either in or out of doors, are scarcely ever suspended,\\nmore than two or three days at a time.\\nipTm the Northwest, I learn, that they never think of a succes-\\nsion of two or three crops of the same kind in a season. In\\nNorth Carolina this is common. Red clover here may be\\nmowed three times in a season, so of timothy and lucerne.\\nHay may be mowed twice. Corn or wheat or rye or any of\\nthe cereals, of cotton, or flax, cannot be produced twice in a\\nyear from the same land, but I have known a good crop of\\ncorn, or sweet potatoes or pease, grown from the same land\\nafter wheat or oats had been taken off.\\nThe different varieties of apples are produced and ripen in\\n.all the months from May to November. So of peaches from", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "(77)\\nJune to October. Strawberries can be produced every month\\nbut one or two. Irish potatoes may be seeded during winter and\\nspring, so as to produce new crops from May to November.\\nSweet potatoes may be seeded from the last of April to July.\\nOur sweet potatoe planters in the Eastern part of the State,\\ncommence eating them the last of August and continue, when\\nthey are well kept, until first of May. Onions may be seeded\\nin September or later for next crop and may be used in May\\nand June. The heat of July and August prevents the growth\\nof onions; or rather when planted or sown, whether full grown\\nor not, the heat and drought of July and August either stop\\ntheir growth or ripen them. Onions, turnips, beets, parsnips,\\nsown in September or October, may remain in the soil all\\nwinter; so of cabbage, kale and lettuce.\\nGreen peas, onions, Irish potatoes, radishes, beets, cabbage,\\nc, in the Eastern and middle sections of the State, as well as\\nour fruits, are ready for market in Baltimore, Philadelphia or\\nNew York, a week earlier than in Virginia, two weeks earlier\\nthan in Maryland, three weeks earlier than in New Jersey\\nand Pennsylvania. Our truck farmers are now supplying*\\nthose markets largely, transportation being very low, in the\\nearly season, and are doing well. Moreover, in this land of\\nflowers, honey may be made in abundance, some bee-raisers\\ntaking honey from each swarm two or three times a year, leav-\\ning enough for the subsistence of this busy insect during\\nwinter.\\nHop-raising. In every portion of North Carolina, hops may\\nbe raised in great profusion. The Eastern and middle lancls\\nof the State are peculiarly adapted, both in climate and soil to\\nthe production of the hop in great perfection. It is almost\\nperennial, the roots when once set, yield their annual fruit\\nwithout replanting, at least, until age or sterility of soil render\\nthem unproductive. This is becoming a most important article\\nof culture, and I judge no country is better adapted to the\\nproduction of hops, than North Carolina.\\nBy proper management, fruits and vegetables ot different\\nkinds may be so produced, as to give the planter through the\\nentire year a sufficient supply. Our field productions may be\\nincreased beyond computation. There are other sources of\\nemployment, also, such as fishing, lumber getting, turpentine\\nand tar making, mining, manufacturing, mechanism and trade.\\nThese open a field in North Carolina, which must at a future\\nday furnish the means of subsistence, of comfort, and luxury,\\nfor millions of beings, hitherto not contemplated.\\nWith the means of living so abundant, so various, and so\\ncheap, with a climate unsurpassed in salubrity and healthful-\\nness, with a native population inferior to none in the higher\\nand better elements of manhood, and with facilities of the best", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78)\\nkind for education and improvement, what country can be\\nmore desirable than this, for the Northern settler or foreign\\nemigrant\\nIn the early days of the settlement of this State, a Swiss\\ncolony settled on Neuse and Trent rivers. Some of their\\ndescendants are still in that section. The Scotch peopled the\\nCape Fear Valley with an industrious and hardy population,\\nand the Dutch and Germans peopled our Piedmont country.\\nThe descendants of all these are among our best population.\\nRecently, Switzerland, has made the first contribution to our\\nnew emigration. I am assured upon good authority that both,\\nthe Swiss employees and their employers, are highly pleased\\nthe Swiss with the country, their labors and their fare, and\\ntheir employers consider them superior to any laborers they\\nhave had. I hope they will be soon followed by others, and\\nthat Scotland, Holland and Germany, as well as England,\\nNorthern Italy and others, and our own Northern and Eastern\\nStates, will second the movement.\\nWishing you the success in your enterprise which your\\nefforts and aims richly merit, I subscribe myself,\\nVery respectfully, yours,\\nWM. E. PELL.\\nThe following able letter is from the pen of Hon. Thos. L.\\nClingman, late a United States Senator from North Carolina,\\na gentleman of large observation and experience upon the\\nsubject upon which he writes, and one whose name is a house-\\nhold word in Western North Carolina:\\nRaleigh, N. C, April 7, 1869.\\nTo the North Carolina Land Company:\\nIn compliance with your request, I proceed to give you a\\nconcise statement in relation to the western part of our\\nState. As I understand that you will be furnished with\\narticles, by several gentlemen, describing other sections, I\\nwill confine my remarks to the western portion exclusively,\\nviz that elevated table land extending from the Blue Ridge\\nto the Tennessee State line. Almost, all of it was embraced\\nin the Congressional District which I represented for more\\nthan a dozen years, and even after I became a Senator, I was\\nfrequently passing over it. In fact, I have ascended almost\\nall the principal mountains, and, for the purpose of observ-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "(79)\\ning the geological and mineralogical features, visited most\\nof its valleys. Its length, extending as it does, from Virginia\\nto Georgia, is not less than two hundred and fifty miles,\\nwhile its breadth vai iesfrom thirty to sixty miles, averaging\\nprobably fifty or thereabouts.\\nIt has along its eastern border the Blue Ridge, by which\\nname in North Carolina, is designated the mountain chain\\nthat divides the waters falling into the Atlantic from those\\nof the Mississippi valley. Its western boundary is the great\\nledge of mountains called in different portions of its course\\nSmoky, Iron, Uncha, c. Though this range is cut through\\nby the streams running to the west, yet it not only has many\\npoints higher than any along the Blue Ridge, but its general\\nelevation and mass are greater. There are also a number\\nof cross chains of mountains, the most elevated of which\\nare the Black and Balsam ranges. There are many points\\nexceeding six thousand feet in altitude above the sea, while\\nthe lower valleys or beds of the principal streams in the\\ncentral parts of the plateau, are from two thousand to twenty-\\nfive hundred feet above tide water. To give one an idea of\\nthe general elevation of the surface, it may be stated that\\nnineteen twentieths of the land will be found between the\\nelevations of eighteen hundred and thirty-five hundred feet\\nabove the ocean. It presents, therefore, a delightful sum-\\nmer climate, surpassing, I think, that of any part of Switz-\\nerland. The range of the thermometer in summer is from\\ntwelve to fifteen degrees (Fahrenheit), below that of the\\nnorthern cities, rarely going up to eighty-five degrees in the\\nshade at any hour of the warmest days. The air is almost\\nalways bracing and exhilerating in a high degree, while no\\ncountry is more healthy, being not only free from all mias-\\nmatic diseases, but favorable even in winter. Having a\\nsouthern latitude and surrounded on all sides by lower and\\nwarmer regions, its winter climate is much milder than that\\nof Northern Virginia or Pennsylvania. It is unusual for\\nthe ground to be covered with snow for as much as a week\\nat a time, and the deepest snows commonly disappear in\\ntwo or three days on all those portions of the ground exposed\\nto the sunshine.\\nIn many instances persons threatened with consumption\\nhave found the climate of Buncombe, about Asheville, both\\nin winter and summer very favorable to them. A gentle-\\nman who has passed several winters both at Asheville and\\nin Minnesota, says that the climate of the former place is\\nquite as dry as that of the latter and much milder.\\nThe geological formation belongs chiefly to the older series\\nof rocks, and they are generally well disintegrated. There\\nis one remarkable exception, however, in a belt of country", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "(80)\\nextending from the Grandfather mountain southerly, em-\\nbracing the Linville and Table mountain ridges. This con-\\nsists mainly of strata of a more recent origin, quartzite,\\nelastic sandstone, (the ltacolumite or diamond bearing rock\\nof Brazil) and certain slates. The soil over this belt is\\nthin, and covered chiefly with white pine, and such shrubs\\nand plants as are found in poor silicious soils. Outside of\\nthis comparatively small tract, the soil of the mountain\\nregion is remarkable for its fertility. The gneiss, mica,\\nslate, syenite and other hornblendic and ferruginous rocks\\nare well decomposed and have liberated in great abundance\\nfertilizing ingredients. While no part of the section would\\nbe termed rocky in comparison with the New England\\nStates, yet there is more rock visible on the eastern border\\nof the belt than on the side next to the State of Tennessee.\\nIn general the disintegration seems deeper and the soil\\nricher as one approaches the western border. The Yellow\\nand Roan mountains in Mitchell, and the great Smoky moun-\\ntain in Haywood, Jackson and Macon furnish striking exam-\\nples of this fact. On these mountains, at an elevation of\\nsix thousand feet, a horse will often sink to his fetlocks in a\\nthick black vegetable mould, and the growth, whether\\ntimber, grass or weeds, appears to be as luxuriant as in the\\nswamps of the low country. Even the balsam fir tree, which\\nis usually of no great height, attains an altitude of one\\nhundred and fifty feet on the southern side of the great\\nSmoky, a mountain which from its bulk and general altitude,\\nhas been designated by Prof. Guyot as the culminating\\npoint of the Alleghanies. The fact that the mountains\\nusually become richer as one ascends them, is doubtless due\\nto the circumstance that being often enveloped by clouds,\\nand kept cool and moist, the vegetable matter slowly decays\\nand is incorporated with the soil, as usually seen on the\\nnorth or shady side of a hill.\\nThere is no country of equal extent perhaps better tim-\\nbered than this. Along some of the streams a good deal of\\nwhite pine and hemlock are to be found, but the forests\\nchiefly consist of hard wood. All the varieties of the oak\\nare abundant and attain a great size. The white oaks in\\nmany places are especially large. So are the chesnut, hick-\\nory, maple, poplar, or tulip trees, black walnut, locust, and\\nin fact probably every known tree that grows in the middle\\nand northern States of the Union. There are a few treeless\\ntracts on the tops of several of the higher mountains (cov-\\nered, however, with luxuriant grasses) which the aboriginal\\ninhabitants regarded as the footprints of the evil one as he\\nstepped from mountain to mountain.\\nAmong the most beautiful valleys are the upper French", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "(81)\\nBroad and Mills river valleys of Henderson and Transyl-\\nvania. The Swannanoa in Buncombe, the Pigeon river. High-\\nland and Jonathan s creek Hat lands in Haywood, and those\\nof the Valley river and Hiwasse in Cherokee and portions\\nof the upper Linville in Mitchell.\\nWhile all ot the counties contain large bodies ot fertile\\nland, perhaps the soil of Yancy and Mitchell is most gen-\\nerally rich, though the lands are more commonly hilly or\\nrolling than they are in several of the other counties. For\\nits valleys and its fertile mountains combined, none of the\\ncounties perhaps surpass Haywood.\\nThere are few of the lands of this whole region too steep for\\ncultivation. They produce good crops of Indian corn, wheat,\\noatsandrye. In contests for prizes in agricultural fairsin Bun-\\ncombe, from one hundred to one hundred and fifty bushels of\\nthe former grain have been produced. The Irish potato\\nand the turnip will probably do as well as in any country\\nwhatever, and no region surpasses it for grasses Timothy\\nand orchard grass perhaps do best, but clover, red top, and\\nblue grass thrive well. This region seems to surpass all\\nothers for the production of the apple both as to size and\\nflavor. Peach trees do well and bear abundantly of fine\\nsized fruit, but they rather resemble such as are grown in\\nNew Jersey for example, and are inferior in flavor to those\\nthat are produced east of the mountains in this State. The\\nsame may be said of melons. The grape is thrifty and\\ngrows abundantly. Besides the Catawba, a native of Bun-\\ncombe, there are many other native varieties some of which\\nare of good size and delicious flavor. As these different\\nkinds do not ripen simultaneously, it would be easy to make\\nsuch selections for cultivation as to lengthen the period of\\nthe vintage and thus increase its product.\\nAll kinds of live stock can be raised with facility. Sheep\\nin flocks of fifty or sixty browse all the winter in good con-\\ndition. I never saw larger sheep anywhere than some I\\nobserved in the Hamburg valley of Jackson county, the\\nowner of which told me that he had not for twelve years\\npast fed his sheep beyond giving them salt to prevent their\\nstraying away. He said that he had on his first settling\\nthere, tried feeding them in the winter, but observed that\\nthis made them lazy, and therefore he had abandoned the\\npractice. The sixty, I saw were quite as large as any of the\\nsheep I observed once in Regent s Park, London, which\\nwere said to be the property of Prince Albert.\\nHorses and horned cattle are usually driven out into the\\nmountains about the first of April and are brought back in\\nNovember. Within six weeks after they have thus been\\nput into the range they become exceedingly fat and\\n6", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "(82)\\nsleek There are, however, on the tops and along the sides\\nof the higher mountains, evergreen or winter grasses on\\nwhich horses and the horned cattle live well through the\\nentire winter. Such animals are often foaled and reared\\nthere until fit for market, without ever seeing a cultivated\\nplantation.\\nVery little has yet been done with the minerals of this\\nregion. There are narrow belts oi limestone and marble\\nwhich are sufficient for the wants of the inhabitants. Iron\\nores exist in great abundance in many places. The mag-\\nnetite is found in quantity at many points, and where it is\\nbeing worked at Cranberry Forge in Mitchell, it yields an\\niron equal to the best Swede. There is in Cherokee county\\na vein of hematite which runs by the side of a belt of\\nmarble for forty miles, and is in many places from fifty to\\none hundred feet thick. It is easily worked and affords a\\ngood iron. Copper ores are found in man}^ of the counties,\\nand where the veins have been cut in Jackson county, they\\nare large and very promising. Gold has been profitably\\nmined in Cherokee, Macon and Jackson, and lead, silver and\\nzinc are found at certain points. After the completion of\\nthe railroads now in process of construction, the chrome\\nores and barytes may acquire value.\\nNo country is better supplied with water power than this.\\nThe streams attain a sufficient size in the higher valleys, and\\nbefore they escape into the State of Tennessee they have a\\ndescent of one thousand feet. The French Broad at Ashe-\\nville is larger than the Merrimac at Lowel, and falls six\\nhundred feet in the distance of thirty odd miles, and will\\nsoon have a railroad along its banks. Every neighborhood\\nhas its waterialls sufficient lor all practical purposes.\\nThe prices of land throughout this entire section are very\\nmoderate compared with those of similar lands in the north-\\nern States, while the population though sparse is quiet,\\norderly and moral. The negroes, not constituting one-tenth\\nof the entire population, are scarcely an appreciable element.\\nEmigrants with little capital can easily obtain the necessaries\\nof life, and may at once commence the business of stock\\nraising, and cheese, butter and wool, and such agricultural\\nproductions as will best bear transportation. Manufacturing\\nand mining operations will soon follow these branches of\\nindustry. I have no doubt, if the people of the Northern\\nStates knew this region as I do, they would move down in\\nlarge bodies immediately to take possession of it. The\\npleasant climate, good soil and beautiful scenery make it\\none of the most attractive regions in the world. The wealthy", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "(83)\\ncitizen will find the greatest inducements to place there\\nhis charming Villa, while to the industrious it will afford a\\ncomfortable home.\\nVei y Respectfully, c,\\nT. L. CLINGMAN.\\nFor the following interesting letter, the Company are in-\\ndebted to Hon. Jonathan Worth, late Governor of North\\nCarolina, a gentleman of unquestional integrity and intelli-\\ngence, and an experienced lawyer and planter.\\nEaleigh, April 9th, 1869.\\nTo the North Carolina Land Company\\nIn response to your invitation that I contribute something\\nfor your forthcoming publication, to present to immigrants\\nauthentic facts as to the resources of the State and the\\nadvantages she offers to those looking out for a settled\\nhome; I infer that other contributors will have gone fully\\ninto the subject, and I will therefore, confine my brief com-\\nmunication chiefly to the middle or hilly portion of the\\nState, in which I have lived from childhood and with which\\nI am most familiar.\\nThis State extends from the Atlantic, west of the Alleghany\\nmountains, being about five hundred miles long and of the\\naverage width of about one hundred and twenty miles. For\\nabout one hundred and fifty miles west of the sea coast, the\\ncountry is generally level. On the water courses and adja-\\ncent to Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, the land is exceed-\\ningly fertile, the rest abounding in pitch, pine and sandy\\nlands. Much of this section is underlaid with marl. The\\npiney lands are peculiarly adapted to the Scuppernong\\ngrape vine and may be purchased at a low price say from\\n$1.00 to $2.00 per acre. It produces the most abundant\\nyield of pea nuts, pease and sweet potatoes. Skillful agri-\\nculture brings a rich reward to the farmer, and the fisheries\\nand, forests give lucrative employment to many of the inhab-\\nitants. This section has yielded more than 100,000 bales of\\ncotton this year. Most of it is convenient to navigable\\nwaters. The products of the pine, lumber, tar and turpen-\\ntine, constitute a large part of the exports of the State.\\nThe middle portion of the State, extending west from this\\nbelt some two hundred miles to the foot of the mountains,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "(84)\\nis adapted to the growth of the cereals and tobacco. This--\\nwhole region, as well as all the State lying west, to the Ten-\\nnessee line, abounds in streams suitable for running mills or\\nany other manufactories. In this middle region are many ex-\\ncellent flouring mills, and factories for spinning and weaving\\ncotton and wool and making roll and hammered bar iron:;\\nthere are many iron mines worked and many others not\\nworked the iron of excellent quality also lime and coal,\\nin abundance; but hitherto want of cheap transportation,,\\nhas prevented large operations in iron, coal and lime. In\\nmany of the counties in the middle part of the State, are-\\nrich mines of gold, silver and copper. Some of these mines\\nin Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, Kowan, Davidson, Randolph,,\\nGuilford and other central counties, have been worked with\\ngreat success. Copper ores also abound in many of these\\ncounties and also in Chatham. In the last mentioned county,\\nI learn that a copper mine of extraordinary richness has\\nvery recently been opened and is now being worked. In\\nRandolph two gold mines have recently been opened and\\nmuch rich ores taken out. The proprietors are about put-\\nting up machinery and extricating the gold. Much of this-\\nore is, as I learn from a reliable source, extremely rich. In\\nRandolph county there are five mills in full operation by a\\nsuperior water power, spinning and weaving cotton. They\\nemploy many poor families, at renumerating wages, giving\\nemployment only to persons of good moral character. All\\nof these middle counties produce in abundance, when well\\ntilled, wheat, corn, rye, oats, tobacco and the best meadow\\ngrasses: and some of the more southern of them Rich-\\nmond, Montgomery, Anson, Cabarrus, Mecklenburg and\\nsome others produce much cotton. On most of this central\\npart of the State are excellent orchards of peach, pear,,\\napple and other fruit trees. With a pleasant and healthy\\nclimate and cheap lands, this region is truly inviting to the\\nimmigrant.\\nThe western or mountainous division of the State, em-\\nbracing about one third of its area, is probably equal to any\\nin like extent of the earth s surface, for the growth of Irish\\npotatoes, clover, oats, rye, blue grass, and other grasses sui-\\ntable for the making of hay, pasturage, the raising of stock\\nand the productions of the dairy. It has iron ore in abun-\\ndance, any amount of water power which can be made\\navailable for propelling machinery at trifling expense, mar-\\nble, copper ores, lime, c. and owing to its bracing at-\\nmosphere, pure cool water, and the abundance ot its pro-\\nduction of articles of healthful subsistence, has a remarkably\\nvigorous population, almost all of the Anglo Saxon race. In\\nmany of the counties of the eastern division of the State", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "(85)\\nnegroes abound: in the middle counties are many negroes:\\nin the western counties nearly the whole population is\\nwhite.\\nWant of navigable water courses and railroads has re-\\ntarded the settlement of the western division of the State,\\nin all other respects so attractive. We have a railroad from\\nMorehead City on the Atlantic, via Newbern, Goldsboro,\\nRaleigh, Salisbury and Charlotte, from which last place\\nthere is railroad communication with Charleston, Savannah\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2and the Mississippi. We have also a railroad from Wil-\\nmington via Goldsboro to Weldon, whence there is railroad\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2communication to Petersburg and Portsmouth, in Va.\\nalso a railroad from Greensboro to Danville, Va. We have\\nalso a railroad from Raleigh to Weldon and a branch of\\nthe North Carolina Road, completed from Salisbury to Mor-\\n.ganton, and the necessary appropriations made and the\\nwork in progress for connecting this branch with the Ten-\\nnessee Railroads. We have also a railroad from Wilming-\\nton to the South Carolina railroad connecting with Charles-\\nton also the Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Rail-\\nroad completed to Rockingham, and the further construction\\nin progress with means provided, supposed to be adequate\\nto its completion. We have also a railroad from Fayette-\\nville, the head of steam boat navigation on the Cape Fear\\nriver to the Coal Fields on Deep river, shortly to be extended\\nto some point on the North Carolina Railroad. The Legis-\\nlature has appropriated $500,000 to complete this extension.\\nThe State, by recent legislation, has provided for a large\\n-expansion of our works of Internal Improvement.\\nIt may be asked why is a State, presenting such attrac-\\ntions to the immigrant, so sparsely settled? I think the\\nchief cause of the sparse settlement is, that prior to our\\nimpoverishment by the late war, and the emancipation of\\nour slaves, not much of our good lands were in market, and\\nno pains was taken to invite immigration.\\nI believe there is no more Taw abiding people in\\nAmerica, than the population of North Carolina, and I\\nbelieve every really brave man, who belonged to the United\\nStates army and faced our soldiers as foemen worthy of his\\nsteel, and who has settled among us since the war, to follow\\nany other occupation save partizan politics, will say he has\\nno occasion to complain of his reception, socially or other-\\nwise.\\nDuring my administration as Governor, beginning in\\nDecember 1865, to the time of my removal in July 1868,\\nnot a single instance occurred in the State, so far as I\\nknow, where a Sheriff had to call on his posse, much\\nJess for military aid, to enable him to execute any process", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "(86)\\nand I believe North Carolina, as to statistics of crime since\\nthe war, may safely challenge comparison with any State in\\nthe Union.\\nWe hope the time has come when worthy immigrants\\nfrom Europe, or from any of the States lately waging war\\nagainst us, will settle among us, bringing with them their\\ncapital, or their strong arms, to aid in developing our re-\\nsources. All such may be assured of a cordial reception.\\nJONATHAN WORTH.\\nThe following letter from the Hon. D. M. Barringer, late\\nU. S. Minister to Spain, will be read with great interest. It\\npresents very lucidly and ably the points touched upon.\\nEaleigh, N. C. April 10th, 1869.\\nTo the President and Directors of the North Carolina Land\\nCompany\\nGentlemen The different parts of North Carolina are so\\ndissimilar in climate, soil and geological organizations, that\\nit is impossible, in a brief yet comprehensive manner,\\nto describe its territory, productions and general topo-\\ngraphy. This want of uniformity, is, perhaps, more char-\\nacteristic of this than of any other State in the Union.\\nAmid the mountains of our Western border, some of whose\\npeaks are the most elevated East of the Rocky Moun-\\ntains, one is continually reminded of the soil and climate\\nof Switzerland and the Upper Rhine, except in the presence\\nof perpetual snow in certain portions of the Alps. In the\\nEastern part of our State, we have a country which resem-\\nbles Southern Italy in a remarkable degree, in most of its\\nnitural characteristics, and with a soil very much like that\\nof Holland.\\nAnd, then again, there is a larger and more central section\\nof the State, which may be compared, and, when more\\nhighly cultivated, will present a striking resemblance to\\nlarge portions of Northern Italy and Southern France.\\nIt is this diversity in the physical appearance and condi-\\ntion of North Carolina, which has given to the world and\\neven to the people of the United States, such contradictory\\nimpressions of our soil, climate and productions, and marred.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "(87)\\neven our school books with gross errors, and the most\\nmeagre and imperfect information.\\nA traveller passing along the sea coast would imagine it\\na barren waste, almost uninhabitable, till informed that\\nit abounded in the most valuable timber in the best\\ngrasses, tigs and other fruits, and fish and oysters and that\\nthe Delta of the Nile is not richer than portions of it can\\nbe made by proper drainage and cultivation.\\nAnother stranger going through the region of our long-\\nleaf pine, before its agricultural capacities were so fully\\ndeveloped as at present, (and this, in the early period\\nof our history, was the chief line of land-communication\\nbetween the jNorth and the South,) would realize the im-\\npression obtained irom the stereotyped blunder of the\\ngeographies, even still extensively circulated and believed,\\nthat the staple productions of North Carolina are tar,\\npitch, and turpentine, and a few naval stores.\\nWhile another travelling only in the mountains, would\\nsuppose that, were it not for the stories he might hear of\\nthe wolf, the bear and other wild animals, North Carolina\\nwould be a great country for cattle and the dairy and for\\nslieep-husbandry and the like.\\nAnd yet another traveller through the middle and central\\nportions of our State, in mid-summer would exclaim, what\\na fine country this could be made under an improved system\\nof agriculture, for all the productions of the temperate zone,\\nwith wine and fruits of all kinds, minerals the most precious\\nand various, and with water power sufficient to run all the\\nfactories in the United States\\nThe truth is, that such is the great diversity of our climate\\nand soil extending from 34 to 36$ North latitude and from\\nthe Atlantic to and beyond the Alleghanies, there is scarcely\\nany thing grown from the earth, that could not be success-\\nfully produeed within our borders under skilful culture and\\na good system of agriculture.\\n.Being informed by your President that your Company\\nhas already been furnished with sketches of the Eastern\\nand Western portions of the State, 1 will confine any addi-\\ntional observations to a brief description of the resources\\nand the geographical and climatic character of the great\\nmiddle or central belt, lying between the alluvial and pine\\nregions ol the East, and the base of the mountain ranges of\\nthe West, and extending from the line of Virginia on ihe\\nNorth, in a South-westerly direction to that of South Caro-\\nlina on the South. This portion of the State embraces some\\nthirty-five counties, with an average, in size, of about 600\\nsquare miles each, being altogether a little more than one-\\nthird of the entire State.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "(88)\\nPhysical Geography. The surface of this section is gen-\\nerally undulating with hill and valley and much first and\\nsecond bottom-land, on the many streams which intersect it\\nin all directions. It is some times called the hill country\\nof the State, as contra-distinguished from the low lands of\\nthe East and the mountains of the West. There are but few\\n^mountains in this part of the State, the principal of\\nwhich are in Kandolph, Cleveland, Lincoln and the Pilot\\nin Surry. The foundation or subsoil in the up-land,\\nis generally clay, and the land, in general, is suscep-\\ntible of the highest cultivation; and, perhaps, no soil in\\nthe United States exceeds, in natural fertility, the valleys\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of the Roanoke, the Taw or Tar, the Neuse, the Cape\\nFear, and especially those of the Yadkin and Catawba\\nrivers, which traverse the beautiful Piedmont region of the\\nvState. These rivers, flowing generally in a South-eas-\\ntern and Southerly direction, with their many tributaries\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2extending even to the borders of Virginia, effect the drain-\\nage of this important section of the State, and furnish every\\nfacility for the most extensive water power which mayever\\nbe needed by the densest population. These streams have,\\nin general, a rapid flow in their upper courses, while in\\ntheir lower waters,they are capable of steam boat and light-\\n\u00c2\u00a9r,aft navigation to within short distances ot the Eastern and\\nSouthern borders of the section I am now attempting to\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0describe, while several of them are capable of slack-ioater\\n.-navigation, within its actual limits\\nClimate. This portion of the State is as healthy as any\\nother of equal extent any ivhere, and there is no general cause\\nof malaria. There is no need of acclimation, and people\\nfrom any part of the world can reside here with as little\\ndanger from the climate as any where else in the same area\\nof territory.\\nProducts. All the cereals for the support of man or\\nbeast, are produced in this part of North Carolina. Indian\\ncorn, oats, rye, barley, and especially wheat, of a very fine\\nquality, are made in every locality. While in the more\\nNorthern counties, tobacco of a very superior quality is\\ngrown in large quantities; and in the Eastern and Southern\\ncounties, especially in the tier on the borders of South Car-\\nolina, cotton is cultivated with much success and of excellent\\ngrade, with little danger from the causes which some times\\nproduce a failure of the crop in the more Southern States.\\nCharlotte, Fayette ville, P,aleigh, Goldsboro and Wilmington,\\nare the market centres of a considerable and increasing\\ntrade in this great staple of the South.\\nCattle and stock of all kinds mav be raised in all-suffi-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "v 89)\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2cient quantities for a very dense population and much for\\nexport.\\nGrasses, of various sorts, are grown to some extent, and\\nthis most important culture ma3 T be, and with our improving\\nagriculture will be, indefinitely extended in all this region\\nof the State.\\nThe Grape is indigenous in every county, and a great\\nvariety of this most valuable vine, is to be found in North\\nCarolina. It is difficult, and not now necessary, to refer to\\nthem in detail. But there is one, a native and peculiar,\\noriginally, to this State and grows here better than in any\\nother State, which ought, and will some day attract capital\\nand skill in its manufacture of wine, to a degree not sur-\\npassed, even, in the most celebrated wine districts of Europe.\\nI refer to the famous Scuppernong, in its several varieties.\\nThough found, to some extent and yielding fruit in the\\nmore eastern and southern counties of the District I am\\ndescribing, it is chiefly confined and of most luxuriant\\ngrowth and yield in the eastern counties nearer the coast.\\nIt is a marvel in the history of the grape, and its size and\\nrich and most abundant fruit, would astonish the vine-\\ngrowers of Europe. It needs no pruning, like other vines,\\nand wants only space and light and heat from the sun. The\\narbor from a single vine often covers a quarter of an\\nacre of ground, and its age will reach beyond the memory\\nof man. Its fruit contains all the elements of, as good a\\nwine, as may be found any where in the world. All we\\nwant is a real knowledge of its intrinsic value and skill in\\nits manufacture. 1 once heard that eminent chemist and\\nanalizer, Dr. Warren, of Boston, soy. in public, before the\\nAmerican Association for the advancement of Science,\\nthat the time would come when the Scuppernong grape,\\nTinder proper management and skilful manipulation, would\\nmake as good a wine as the celebrated Tokay of Hun-\\ngary, and very much like it.\\nThe manufacture of this grape into wine is yet in its in-\\nfancy, and such is the fondness for it, as a beverage, or from\\nsome other cause, no one has ever yet, kept it long enough\\nto furnish a true test of its value and ascertain the effects\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of aye and other conditions upon its character and inherent\\nqualities.\\nFine grapes may be successfully cultivated and good wine\\nmade, by proper care and skill, in almost any part of North\\nCarolina. The late Dr. Emmons, our State Geologist, a man\\nremarkable for his knowledge and science, as well as the\\ntruthfulness and modesty of his character, once gave me a\\nsample of wine, made from the wild grape from the\\nlower Cape Fear, which had the genuine characteristics of", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "(90)\\na good Burgundy and very much resembled the famous\\nValde-penas of Spain.\\nA residence of several years and extensive travel in\\nEurope enable me to say that, in my opinion, the soil and\\nclimate of this State, are peculiarly adapted to the success-\\nful cultivation of the grape and the manufacture of wine.\\nAnd what a blessing they would bring to the morals and\\nhappiness, besides adding untold millions to the material\\nwealth, of our people What we chiefly want in this re-\\nspect, is an exact knowledge of the identical vine suited to\\neach locality, and then a concentration of our efforts in this\\ndirection to its special culture.\\nThe grape vine is wonderfully local in its attachments.\\nAll Europe has acted upon this truth and it will be so\\nhere in process of time and experience, and when repeated\\nfailures shall have demonstrated its wisdom and the disas-\\ntrous fallacy ol a contrary course. We are trying to culti-\\nvate too many varieties, and succeed thoroughly in none.\\nThe Scuppernong prospers in spite of our neglect, and\\nalmost defies our inattention and unskilfulness.\\nThe true and world-renowned Xeres, or sherry, as we\\ncall it, the Sherrish-Filistin of the Moors, and the sher-\\nris of our English Falstaff, is only made from the grape\\nwhich is exclusively grown in a small district in the South\\nof Spain, not larger than one of our largest counties. And\\nalthough millions of gallons of sherry so-called, as well as\\nvarious other adulterated and false wines are made to order\\nat Cette in France and many other parts of the world, not\\nexcepting our own young America, the genuine brand of\\nthe real sherry can only be obtained, originally, in the\\npeculiar locality in Spain, where the gi ape from which it is\\nmade, is specially grown under its best native influences;\\nand the real article is manufactured in the most sMlfvl man-\\nner. So of the genuine Madeira and various wines of\\nGermany and France. But excuse this divergence of an\\nenthusiast, perhaps, in behalf of an interest which is destined\\nto become one of the greatest value, in many respects, to the\\nhole Southern portion of the United States, and especially\\nto the State of North Carolina.\\nOther Fruits. In this portion of the State, fruits of all\\nkinds may be grown to great advantage both those which\\nspring from the ground, as melons and the like, and all!\\nkinds of vegetables, as well as the apple, the pear, the quince,\\nthe plum, cherry and other fruits, and especially the peach,\\nwhich comes early and attains much size and perfection in\\nquality, and is very rarely affected by the frost. It is\\nbelieved that a proper cultivation of this delicious fruit could\\nbe made the source of much profit to our people; and the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "(91)\\nfacilities of transportation enable it to reach an early market\\nin the great cities of the North and East.\\nTimber ot ail kinds, abounds in extensive forests which\\nstill exist in their primeval condition, but especially the\\nOak, in all its varieties. This central belt may indeed be\\nproperly designated as the Oak region of the State. For\\nall the purposes of house-building and fencing, wooden-ware\\nand other manufactures, there is every abundance while on\\nthe upper Cape Fear as on the lower, and other localities in\\nthe East, there is much suited to the purposes of naval stores\\nand architecture.\\nMinerals, of great variety and value, are found in this\\nsection of North Carolina. In the counties ot Rockingham,\\nStokes and Chatham, bituminous coal-beds of considerable\\nextent, exist, and only need the facilities which are now\\nbeing provided for a greatly enlarged development. The\\ncoal-beds in Chatham, especially, are very extensive and.\\nvaluable, and of good quality; and near them, are iron mines\\not great but undeveloped value, especially the Black-\\nband iron, nearly resembling that ot Scotland. The Deep\\nRiver mines in this county, have attracted much inquiry\\nand consideration, but owing to various causes, chiefly the\\nlack of easy access and transportation, have not been wrought\\nto any great extent. This want is now being supplied by\\nthe completion of the Chatham Rail Road at an early day,\\nwhich will open communication with other Roads at Raleigh,\\nand thence to the Ocean by the harbors of Norfolk and Beau-\\nfort and ports of Wilmington and New Berne.\\nDeposits of iron are found in many counties in this middle\\nand central district, and of most excellent quality, particu-\\nlarly in the counties of Lincoln, Gaston, Catawba, Stokes,\\nSurry, Randolph and Chatham. In the first named counties\\nthey have been worked with success and profit, though in a\\nrudeai: dun skilful manner, from the time of our Revolutionary\\nwar. Copper is found in many localities, but chiefly in the\\ncounties ot Guilford, Davidson, Randolph, Cabarrus, and\\nMecklenburg. Lead in different places, especially in David-\\nson, whence, in our recent civil war, a very considerable\\nquantity was obtained for the use of the Confederate States.\\nSilver and zinc have been discovered and extracted at\\nthe same mine, and in other places, but in small quantities.\\nA great many minerals of use in the arts and manufactures,\\nare to be found in different parts of this district of the State,\\nespecially barytes. But the chief and most, valuable of all\\nthe metals found in this section is gold. It may, indeed, be\\njustly designated as the auriferous division of the State, as\\nthis precious metal, in more or less quantities, is obtained in\\nnearly all its counties, throughout this whole geological;", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "(92)\\nConformation running from North-east to South-west through\\nits entire breadth, and being a part, and the richest part, in\\nthis respect, of the same conformation which runs parallel\\nwith the whole Alleghany range from the North-east to the\\nSouth-west of the United States. Gold was here first found\\nearly in this century, in the county of Cabarrus, where one\\npiece of twenty-eight pounds, avoirdupois, and many nug-\\ngets of less size have been discovered.\\nFrom North Carolina, and chiefly from this portion of the\\nState, there have been deposited at the mints lor coinage,\\nfrom nine to ten millions of dollars worth, since the first dis-\\ncovery of gold in this State: and as the gold found here is in\\nmuch demand because of its great fineness and malleability,\\nit is supposed, with reason, that nearly an equal amount from\\nthe same source, has been consumed in the arts and manu-\\nfactures. It has been found, principally, in the following\\ncounties, in the order in which they are mentioned, viz:\\nCabarrus, Mecklenburg, Union, Rowan, Stanly, Montgomery,\\nMoore, Davidson, Guilford, Rutherford, Burke, Lincoln,\\nGaston, Catawba and Franklin. With improved machinery\\nand additional capital, now so much needed, there is every\\nreason to believe that this great interest, in particular, and\\nmining in general, will rapidly and greatly revive and\\nbecome a source of immense wealth.\\nInter-communication. Besides the ordinary highways and\\npublic roads, there are Rail Roads already in operation, and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2others in process of construction, and others also projected,\\nwhich traverse almost every part of this central division\\nof the State.\\nThe North Carolina Rail Road, from Goldsboro to Char-\\nlotte, 223 miles, passing by Raleigh, the capital of the State,\\nruns through this entire section.\\nThe Raleigh Gaston Rail Road from Raleigh to Weldon,\\nconnecting these with three other lines, is 98 miles long,\\nand is the thoroughfare from this State to the great port\\nof Norfolk on the Atlantic Ocean.\\nThe Western Rail Road from Fayetteville on the Cape\\nFear to Chatham county, and to be continued still farther\\nWest. The Rail Road from Wilmington to Weldon, 170\\nmiles.\\nThe Wilmington, Charlotte Rutherford Rail Road, a\\nlarge portion of which is completed along the tier of coun-\\nties on the South Carolina border, to the base of the moun-\\ntains, and to be extended beyond them towards the West.\\nThe Western Rail Road North Carolina from Salisbury,\\non the North Carolina Rail Road towards, and across the\\nmountains, now finished to Morganton, in Burke county, in\\ntheir vicinity.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "(93)\\nThe Rail Road from Charlotte in a Northwesterly direc-\\ntion, now in process of construction, to the Tennessee line.\\nAnd the Chatham Rail Road, a most important connec-\\ntion from Raleigh to the Coal and Iron beds in Chatham\\ncounty, nearly completed for that distance, and to be con-\\ntinued in a Southwestern direction to and through South\\nCarolina to Columbia, the capital of that State, where it\\nwill connect with other great lines to the South and South-\\nwest, fcc. Other important roads are projected, and will\\ncertainly be completed, affording to this section of the State\\nevery facility which may be needed for travel and transpor-\\ntation.\\nThe chief export markets for this region are Wilmington,\\nNew Bern and Beaufort, in N C, Petersburg, in Va., Charles-\\nton, in South Carolina, and, above all, Norfolk, in Va., the\\nbest port of the South, and destined soon to become its chief\\nmart and point of export for its great staples. It is\\none of the best, safest, and largest harbors in the Union r\\nwith easy entrance to the Ocean, never ice bound, land-\\nlocked, and with a commanding and central position, in\\nthe middle of the Atlantic Coast, and having connection\\nwith all the great lines of communication in the country.\\nIt is near the border of North Carolina, and receives a very\\nlarge portion of our trade and productions.\\nCities and Towns. There are no large cities in North\\nCarolina. The chief interior ones are Raleigh, Charlotte,\\nSalisbury, Greensboro, Fayetteville, Goldsboro, c, c, and\\non the coast those already mentioned. Our population is-\\nnearly altogether rural and agricultural. The section under\\nconsideration is the most prosperous and wealthy in the\\nState. But compared with the density of population in\\nEuropean countries, and even our own at the North and\\nWest, it is sparsely inhabited, though capable of sustaining,\\nin comfort and prosperity, a population as great per square\\nmile as that of Germany or France.\\nWe are now greatly in need of men and money but\\nespecially the former, to till our unoccupied lands and engage\\nin the useful arts. Our labor is greatly demoralized and\\nour whole property depreciated and nearly lost to us by the\\nresults of the recent civil war. Our chief want now is a large\\nimmigration of men of industry and skill and enterprize,\\nto build up our waste places and help us to restore our lost\\nprosperity. A rich field invites the immigrant who may\\ncome from any part of the world, in good faith, to live and\\nremain among us, and make our destiny in the future his\\nown. A social, moral, religious and cultivated people will\\nbid him a hearty welcome. A large portion of the inhabi-\\ntants now here, are the descendants of those who came to-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "(94)\\nour shores. from the North of Ireland, and all the countries\\nof the upper Rhine in Germany and Switzerland. Now is\\nthe time to come and buy or rent lands and establish homes\\namong us.\\nWith extensive and personal knowledge of countries, both\\nin Europe and America, I venture to say that, at the present\\ntime, there are few better regions for good men to come to,\\nfrom the redundant populations of any part of the world,\\nthan our own Southern land, and especially the good old\\nState of North Carolina.\\nAsking your indulgence for any omissions or faults in this\\nimperfect compliance with your request, and wishing your\\nCompany every success in their very useful enterprize,\\nI am, gentlemen, very truly and\\nrespectfully, your obedient servant,\\nD. M. BARRINGER.\\nThe annexed letter from His Excellency, Gov. Holden,\\npresent Governor of the State and long the editor of the\\nStandard, a leading journal of the State, will be read with\\ninterest:\\nExecutive Office,\\nRaleigh, April 13th, 1869.\\nTo the North Carolina Land Company\\nGentlemen: Allow me to express my approval of the\\nobject of your Company, and the hope that it may do much\\ngood in attracting immigrants and building up the State.\\nNo State on the American continent can present greater\\ninducements to immigrants than North Carolina. The State\\ncontains nearly every variety of soil, with a climate of a\\nmost salubrious and agreeable nature. Much of the country\\nis still of the untouched original growth, while the most valu-\\nable minerals of nearly all kinds abound in every locality,\\nfrom the beginning of the hill country to the Tennessee line.\\nThe State is now thoroughly reconstructed politically and\\ncivilly, and is pushing forward its works of improvement with\\ncommendable energy. Large expenditures are being made on\\nthis account, thus affording employment to labor and develop-\\ning our resources. It is expected that the great through line\\nof rail road communication with the Mississippi valley will\\nbe completed at an early day, thus connecting the State not\\nonly with the trade and travel of that valley, but with the\\nrich regions further west, through which the Pacific Rail Road", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "[95]\\nis located. One of the main branches of this latter work,\\nwhich is destined to shed the most beneficient results on the\\nwhole country, will in all probability, extend through a large\\nportion of North Carolina, from Ducktown, thus pouring the\\nwealth of the West into our own seaports and the port of\\nNorfolk, Virginia.\\nIn addition to these improvements it should be known that\\nthe State is making provision for free public schools in every\\nneighborhood, internal improvements and common schools,\\nwhich formed the leading policy of the State previously to\\nthe late rebellion, will be cherished still more in the future by\\nour whole population.\\nThe laws are every where enforced. Society is tranquil.\\nEvery one is free. Consience is unrestrained. There is noth-\\ning of an arbitrary character in any of our laws. The coun-\\ntry we inhabit is for the most part new. when we consider\\nmodern means and appliances for improvement, which have\\nbeen originated by science and art and sanctioned by practical\\nexperience.\\nWishing you, gentlemen, very great success in the laudable\\nand useful work in which you are engaged, I have the honor\\nto be,\\nWith great respect,\\nYour obedient servant\\nW. W. HOLDEN,\\nGovernor.\\nTo Prof. Kerr, the State Geologist, we are much indebted\\nfor the fo Rowing letter, embodying a large amount of scien-\\ntific information in regard to the minerals of North Carolina\\nand its adaptation to Agriculture:\\nGeological Office,\\nBaleigh, N. C, April 15th, 18b i).\\nTo the North Carolina Land Company\\nAccording to your request, I have prepared the following\\nabstract of the Geological Reports of North Carolina, show-\\ning the mineral and other resources of the State and their\\ndistribution. It is, with some additions, the same paper\\nwhich was published two years ago as an addendttm to my\\nfirst Geological Report.\\nGeographically, North Carolina is situated half way be-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "[98]\\ntween New York and the Gulf of Mexico, being included\\nbetween the parallels of 34 degrees and 36 1-2 degrees. It\\nextends from the Atlantic coast five hundred miles west-\\nward stretching more than one hundred miles beyond the\\nBlue Ridge mountains, and contains an area of 50,704 square\\nmiles, having therefore about the same extent as the State\\nof New York. This territory divides itself naturally into\\nthree well marked sections: On the West, the mountainous\\nplateau, having an elvation of 2,500 feet above the sea, and\\nbeing traversed bj several chains of mountains, many of\\nwhose peaks attain an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet. On\\nthe East lies a low plain, nearly level, partly alluvial and\\npartly sandy, extending about 150 miles from the coast; and\\nbetween these two spreads the hill country, whose elevation\\nrises gradually from 200 or 300 feet, on the East, to 1200\\nfeet at the base of the mountains.\\nThe eastern section is mostly covered with pines (Pinus\\naustralis and P. tceda), the middle and western with vast\\nforests of oaks (of many species) interspersed with the\\npoplar, hickory, walnut, maple, c. Seven large rivers,\\nwith their numerous tributaries, travel se the State, furnish-\\ning unlimited water power as they flow down from the\\nmountains through the middle section and as they move\\nwith a moderate current, across the champaign country, on\\nthe east, into a chain of sounds which skirt the coa^t, they\\nfurnish, with these, an aggregate of 900 miles of inland\\nnavigation, which might be doubled by carrying westward\\nthe system of slack water improvements already com-\\nmenced. With these navigable waters is interlaced the\\nrailroad sysem of the State, amounting to more than 1000\\nmiles completed, and as much more in progress, which, with\\nabout 350 miles of plankroads and turnpikes, bring the\\nsea coast into ready communication with every part of the\\nState.\\nTHE SOIL.\\nis very various; alluvial and peaty accumulations abound\\nnear the coast and along the rivers, while in the middle and\\nwestern regions the soil is mainly of granitic origin, and\\nrepresents every grade of sandy or clayey loam of various\\nfertility.\\nTHE CLIMATE.\\nhas also a wide range, being tempered on the seaboard to\\nsomething like the mildness of that, of the Gulf States,\\nwhile in the mountain region it approaches the rigor of", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "(97)\\nNew York. In the middle section, which constitutes the\\nlarger part of the State, and represents the average climate,\\nthe mean annual temperature is 60 degrees (Fahrenheit)\\nthe mean Summer temperature 75 degrees, mean Winter 43\\ndegrees, extreme Summer (diurnal) 89 degrees, average max-\\nimum 99 degrees, extreme Winter (diurnal) 20 degrees,\\naverage absolute minimum 12 degrees. The annual tall of\\nrain is 45 inches. The number of cloudy days in the year\\nis 130; rainy days, 60.\\nThe latitude of the middle of the mountain plateau is\\nabout 35^ degrees; and since the average elevation is 2,500\\nfeet, and 500 feet of difference of elevation are about equal,\\nin climatic effect, in the temperate zone, to 1 degree of dif-\\nference of latitude, the climate will be found to correspond\\nto that of northern Virginia and southern Pennsylvania.\\nThe most elevated portion of it, in Mitchell and Watauga,\\n(above three thousand feet) has the summer temperature ot\\nNew York, seventy-two degrees; and the winter temperature\\nof Washington City, thirty-five degrees; mean annual, fifty-\\nsix degrees. The annual rainfall is likewise that of New\\nYork, forty-two inches. Snow falls here about as often as\\nin New York, but not more than half as deep. On the lower\\nplateaus, as the French Broad, the elevation of which is a\\nlittle below two thousand feet, the winter climate is pro-\\nportionably milder.\\nTHE VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS.\\nare numerous. The most important are wheat, corn, oats,\\nrye, potatoes, sweet potatoes, pease, rice, cotton, tobacco,\\nturpentine, grapes and fruits. Wheat and corn are produced\\nwith facility and abundance in all parts; rye, oats and pota-\\ntoes flourish in the middle and western regions; rice, sweet\\npotatoes and pease in the eastern; tobacco in the middle;\\ncotton in the southern counties of the middle, and in the\\neastern section; turpentine and pine lumber are peculiar to\\nthe East. The fruits most extensively and largely culti-\\nvated are the apple, peach, pear and cherry, represented by\\nnumerous varieties. No part of the continent is better\\nadapted to these than the middle and western regions. The\\nprincipal grasses are the orchard, herd s, timothy and blue,\\nto wnich must be added clover and lucerne. All these\\nflourish in the middle and western regions, and some of\\nthem grow wild; hence, stock raising is easy and profitable.\\nThe stock chiefly raised are horses, mules, cows, sheep and\\nhogs. The grapes usually cultivated, besides foreign varie-\\nties, are the Scuppernong, Catawba, Lincoln and Isabella,\\nall natives of the State, the first three being excellent wine\\n7", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "(98)\\ngrapes. The Scuppernong is peculiar to the eastern section.\\nThe following abstract from the United States Census re-\\nport, for 1860, will best show the productions and capabili-\\nties of the State\\nLive Stock,\\n3,326,000,\\nannual\\nproduct.\\nWheat,\\n4,700,000\\nbushels.\\nannual\\nproduct\\nCorn,\\n30,000,000\\nu\\na\\nc\\nOats,\\n2,800,000\\na\\nEye,\\n537,000\\n(C\\na\\nPeas,\\n1,900,000\\nit\\nPotatoes,\\n830,000\\nu\\nu\\nSweet Potatoes,\\n6,140,000\\na\\nu\\nCotton,\\n58,000,000\\npounds,\\nit\\nTobacco,\\n32,900,000\\na\\na\\na\\nEice,\\n7,600,000\\ncc\\nc(\\nWool,\\n883,000\\n(C\\na\\nit\\nHoney,\\n2,055,000\\nti\\nit\\na\\nTurpentine,\\n1,000,000\\nbarrels,\\na\\na\\nPRODUCTS OF THE MOUNTAIN REGION.\\nTimber. The forests of the mountain plateau are very\\nheavy, and contain an incalculable amount of valuable tim-\\nber. There are hundreds of square miles of white oak for-\\nests, which must become immensely valuable for export at\\nno very distant day. The black locust covers large tracts\\nof territory in many of these counties. This is the most\\ndurable timber in our forests, and is so much esteemed for\\nship building that it is cultivated in the northern States on\\na large scale, one acre on Long Island, for example, being\\nvalued at two to four hundred dollars. Chestnut timber is\\neverywhere. Poplar (tulip tree) is abundant. These two\\nare the largest growth of the mountain forests, sometimes\\nmeasuring ten to twelve feet in diameter. Not far behind\\nthese in size is the black oak (water oak of the mountaineer.)\\nWhite pine abounds in all the higher plateans, e g. y on\\nupper Linville, Elk and New River, (South Fork,) and often\\nreaches a height of one hundred and fifty feet and a diam-\\neter four to five feet. Hemlock is also very abundant along\\nthe streams in the higher regions, and attains a great size.\\nAmong valuable cabinet timbers, mountain birch, (mahog-\\nany of the mountaineer,) birds-eye maple, black walnut and\\ncherry are found in great quantities, and of large size.\\nLarge fields have been fenced with black walnut in this\\nregion. I measured a cherry tree in Elk bottom, which is\\nmore than nine feet in girth, and seventy-five feet to the\\nfirst limb. Such a tree would be worth more than one hun-\\ndred dollars in New York. There are also extensive forests", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "(99)\\nof sugar maple, from which many thousands of pounds of\\nsugar are manufactured every year, supplying the entire\\nhome market in many sections. The linn tree, {tilia,) which\\nis abundant in the rich coves, is highly prized by the inhabi-\\ntants, as furnishing a valuable winter forage for cattle.\\nBesides timber there are other spontaneous products that\\nare worthy of mention among which are\\nCranberries. There are hundreds of acres of native cran-\\nberry beds on the streams in the higher valleys, from which\\nlarge quantities of fruit are annually gathered for export.\\nTo which may be added\\nMedicinal herbs. Of these ginseng is the most important.\\nSeveral hundred thousand pounds of this article are annually\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0exported, and it is a source of large revenue to the inhabi-\\ntants. North Carolina and Minnesota are the principal\\nsources of this export, the whole of which goes to China.\\nWild ginger {as arum) is also an article of considerable trade,\\nas well as several kinds of snake root, pink root, puccoon,\\nhellebore, lady s slipper, spikenard, Indian turnip, Indian\\nhemp, and a hundred others. The aggregate amount of\\nmoney realized annually from the trade in these articles in\\nthe mountain section ol this State is probably over a quarter\\nof a million.\\nThe principal farm products are corn, wheat, rye, buck-\\nwheat, oats, grasses, (chiefly timothy, herd, blue, orchard and\\nclover,) fruits, (especially apples, occasionally peaches, pears\\nand grapes,) potatoes, and root crops.\\nCorn grows everywhere. On the higher ridges and\\nplateaus (three thousand feet and upwards) the northern\\nvarieties are required on account of the shortness of the\\nseasons.\\nWheat does well in Buncombe, Madison, Yancey, and in\\nsmall portions of the other counties.\\nBye, buckwJieat, oats and the grasses flourish everywhere,\\nbut especially in the more elevated regions of Mitchell,\\nWatauga, Ashe, Yancey, c. I am assured by intelligent\\nfarmers in this region that four tons per acre of hay is no\\nuncommon yield. These grasses escape from cultivation and\\npropagate themselves everywhere. I have seen a field near\\nfive thousand feet high that was seeded, some twenty years\\nago, with timothy, and has not been under fence in fifteen\\nyears, which has still a good set of grass. Oats grown at\\nthis place weighed forty- two pounds per bushel.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "(100)\\nIn the higher parts ot the mountains, (above four thous-\\nand five hundred feet,) there are three species of perennial\\nwinter grass, which send up their new shoots, or stools, in\\nNovember, and remain green all the year; so that cattle and\\nsheep require little care even in winter, except in case of a\\ndeep fall of snow, which does not happen more than once in\\neight or ten years.\\nThe new Japan clover, as it is called, (Lespedeza striata,)\\nhas spread over the whole of this region. I have found it\\nin a few cases on the tops of mountains four to five thous-\\nand feet high. Such facts as these, taken in connection with\\nthe exceeding cheapness of land, and the proximity to the\\ngreat markets of the country, will surely justify the opin-\\nion that the continent does not afford more favorable con-\\nditions for profitable cattle farming, wool-growing and\\ncheese making.\\nThe President of the Cheese Makers Association of New\\nYork (Gov. Seymour) stated the other day in an address, that\\nthe reason of their ability to compete successfully with the\\nEnglish cheese makers is to be found in the comparative\\ncheapness of land in New York. The price of one acre of Gov-\\nernor Seymour s grass land will buy two or three hundred\\nacres in this region.\\nCheesemaking has recently been introduced here by a few\\nintelligent and enterprising citizens of Buncombe and will\\nno doubt soon establish itself as a leading industry of the\\nmountain section.\\nIt is inexplicable that no one has undertaken wool-grow-\\ning on a large scale, as such an enterprise, judiciously con-\\nducted, could scarcely fail of success.\\nApples. Fruit growing must also prove very profitable,\\nnow that transportation is to be furnished. No part of the\\ncontinent produces the apple in greater perfection, or with\\nless cost and trouble. There is scarcely a county that has\\nnot several accidental seedlings of fine quality and apples\\nare frequently produced of twenty-two to twenty-three ounces\\nweight; (and even much larger figures were reported to me,\\nbut as I had no means of verifying the statements, I do not\\nventure to repeat them.)\\nPotatoes here are remarkably prolific, the yield being some-\\ntimes as high as six hundred bushels to the acre, and the\\nquality unsurpassed.\\nBoot Crops are abundant and of the best quality,- a fact\\nworthy of note in connection with the subject of cattle rais-\\ning.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "(101)\\nThe climate and agricultural characteristics of the piedmont\\nregion are notably different. In these respects it much more\\nnearly resembles the middle section of the State, (the hill\\ncountry.) Corn and wheat are of course the staple products,\\nand near the mountains, rye, c. A large part of it is well\\nadapted to the growth of tobacco, a plant not much cultivated\\nhere however. Fruits grow well everywhere, but particular\\nlocalities have special adaptation to the growth of certain spe-\\ncies. The apple flourishes especially along the foot of the\\nBlue Ridge. On the Brushy Mountains also, in Wilkes\\nCounty a fruit is produced of peculiar excellence, Both its\\norchards and vineyards are famous. Lincoln County origin-\\nated the grape of that name, (called also the Hart, Lenoir\\nand Davis grape,) and Buncombe claims the Catawba.\\nCherry Mountain in Rutherford is noted for its extensive\\ncherry orchards and the unequalled flavor of the fruit. It also\\nproduces a rare quality of wheat. The Japan clover has taken\\npossession of this whole piedmont section within a few years,\\noccupying the road sides, fence corners and old fields, and\\nseems likely to exterminate the pestiferous broom grass. This\\nplant is an annual, of comparatively recent introduction,\\nwhich seems destined to play an important role in the future\\nagriculture of the State. Notwithstanding the differences of\\nopinion among farmers in the regions which it has invaded, it\\nis unquestionable that it has valuable qualities both for pas-\\nturage and as an improver of the soil.\\nWater power is abundant every where, as will be evident\\nfrom the topography of the country already given in outline,\\ntaken in connection with the annual rainfall of forty-two to\\nforty-four inches. The Catawba and Yadkin descend seven\\nhundred feet in a course of sixty miles across the piedmont\\nsection from the base of the Blue Ridge; and the thousand\\ntributaries (many of which are themselves respectable rivers)\\nhave a much more rapid descent. Beyond the Blue Ridge\\nthe case is still stronger. Here is a score of large rivers which\\nprecipitate their vast volumes of water from these elevated\\nplateaus through more than a thousand feet of descent in a\\ncourse of thirty to forty miles, developing an amount of force\\nwhich is beyond all estimate. The power developed by the\\nFalls of Niagara is estimated to be thirty times as great as the\\nwhole amount of utilized water and steam power of Great\\nBritain. The water power of North Carolina is ample for a\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2continent.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "(102)\\nTHE MANUFACTURES,\\nare chiefly of coiton, wool, spirits of turpentine, lumber,,\\niron, paper and leather.\\nThe amount invested in the manufacture of cotton is-\\n$2,250,000; lumber, $1,000,000; turpentine, $2,000,000; iron,,\\n$500,000; wool, $350,000.\\nFISHERIES\\nabound in the sounds and rivers of the eastern counties.\\nThe species of fish mostly taken are the herring, shad, blue\\nfish, mullet and rock. The number of barrels annually\\npacked for market is about 100,000 on the waters of Albe-\\nmarle Sound. Considerable quantities are packed at other\\npoints.\\nMINERALS.\\nA statement of some general principles, and a few obser-\\nvations on the leading geological features of the country,\\nwill make the subject more intelligible. The position, general\\narrangement and condition of the rocks of a region have\\nalways an intimate dependence on its mountain systems.\\nThe strike, or direction of out-crop of the strata may generally\\nbe predicted as soon as the direction of the dominant moun-\\ntain range is ascertained. Thus the different beds of rocks on\\nthe eastern side of our continent fall into parallelism with\\nthe axis of upheaval of the Apalachian system. The general\\ndirection of the Blue Kidge, therefore, gives us approximately\\nthe geological meridian to which all the rocks of North\\nCarolina must be referred. This direction is nearly north-\\neast and south-west. Every one has noted that the edgea\\nof the out-cropping strata, and in general the trap dykes and\\nmineral veins, take this direction predominantly in our lat-\\nitude. The beds of slate, limestone, gneiss, o, follow each\\nother in regular succession, all trending away to the north-\\neast. So that in passing from the sea coast to the moun-\\ntains, we cross successively in our track the upturned edges\\nof the whole series. Thus we have the clue to the distri-\\nbution and arrangement of the rocks in mass.\\nIn the study of the metaliferous minerals, it is important\\nto bear in mind two leading facts: first that they are found,\\nespecially the precious metals, chiefly on the flanks of\\nmountains and in tracks marked by disturbance andupheaval,\\nin the vicinity of trap dykes and other eruptive rocks, and-\\nat the intersections of these with slate; and second, thai", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "(103)\\ntheir occurrence is most frequent in the older forma-\\ntions, the Primary and lower Secondary.\\nThe rocks of North Carolina belong to this lowest horizon,\\nbeing wholly included, with the unimpoi tant exception of\\nthe coalfields, in the Primary group. So that we are pre-\\npared for the statement that there is hardly to be found a\\nterritory of the same extent, with so great a variety of val-\\nuable minerals. In the treatment of this subject, it will be\\nsufficiently precise for our purpose to divide the useful min-\\nerals into two classes, namely, the metaliferous ores, which\\noccur mostly in veins, as gold, copper, p., and early min-\\nerals and rocks, which are found mostly in beds, as coal,\\nlimestone, c.\\nUnder the first division, occur gold, silver, copper, lead,\\nzinc, iron and tungsten, and here, for convenience, may be\\nadded the diamond; and under the second, may be men-\\ntioned, as occurring in this State under such circumstances,\\nas render them economically valuable, coal, marl, limestone,\\nmarble, architectural granite, sandstone, porphyry, fire-stone,\\nbuhrstone, grindstone grit, whetstone slate, roofing-slate,\\nalum and copperas slates, soapstone, serpentine, agalmatolite,\\nfire-clay, graphite, garnet, barytes, manganese, oil slates,\\nand chromate of iron.\\nCOAL.\\nThe second division, being most important, will first claim\\nattention and first among these coal.\\nThe value of this mineral is too well known to require\\nstatement even. The development of all arts and industries\\nis connected with its abundance and cheapness. It is found\\nin two districts in North Carolina, known as the Deep River\\nand Dan River Coalfields. In both, the coal is bituminous,\\nand occupies a narrow tract of country along the course of\\nthe rivers from which they respectively take their names.\\nThese beds, therefore, follow in their outcrop the general\\ndirection of the rocks of the country. The Dan River bed\\nis distant from market, and has been little explored. There\\nis an outcrop in Rockingham and Stokes counties, one seam\\nbeing four feet thick. The Deep River bed is better known,\\nand probably more extensive. It is described in detail, in\\nthe Geological Reports of Dr. Emmons, for 1852 and 1856,\\nand also by Admiral Wilkes, in his reports to the Secretary\\nof the Navy, in 1859. According to these authorities, this\\ncoal is of the best quality, well adapted to the manufacture\\nof iron and gas, and is inexhaustible in quantity. They\\nrepresent it as extending over an area of more than\\nsquare miles, and containing more than 6,000,000 of tons to", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "(104)\\neach square mile. This bed, therefore, would yield 1,000,-\\n000 tons annually, for several hundred years.\\nOIL.\\nThese North Carolina coalfields are cotemporaneous with\\nthose of Virginia, and belong to an age more recent than\\nthe Apalachian coal formation, which ranges from Pennsyl-\\nvania to Alabama. They belong to the later ages of the\\nSecondary.\\nThe bituminous slates associated with the coal are strong-\\nly impregnated with organic products. Dr. Emmons says,\\nFrom thirty to forty gallons of crude Kerosene oil exist in\\nevery ton of these slates. They are from fifty to seventy\\nfeet thick, and it is proper to state, that it is a better oil\\nthan is furnished from coal. The coal lies in a trough-like\\ndepression, which extends from Granville county, in a south\\nwest direction, to South Carolina. This tract is occupied,\\nin its whole length, by a heavy bed of sandstones, of the\\nsame age with the coal. They are identical in appearance,\\nquality and age, with the brown-stone of Connecticut valley,\\nwhich is so extensively used as a building stone in New\\nYork and elsewhere. These sandstones are also extensively\\nquarried for grindstones, for which they are well adapted.\\nFIRE-CLAY, C.\\nBeds of fire-clay, also, are interstratified with, the coal.\\nThis mineral is found in various parts of the St ate, conspic-\\nuously in Gaston county. There are fiveor six parallel belts\\nof sandstone and quartzite, belonging to the older rocks,\\nwhich traverse the State in the prevailing direction, and in\\nwhich are found various grades of building-stones, fire-\\nstones and grindstones. According to Dr. Emmons, one of\\nthese passes eastward of Raleigh, another a few miles to the\\nwestward, and a third crosses the counties of Montgomery,\\nRandolph and Orange. The well known fire stones of Gas-\\nton, Lincoln and Catawba, occur in the fourth belt, which\\ncrops out along the line of upheaval of King s mountain,\\nCrowd er s mountain and Little mountain. This rock in\\nplaces assumes the character of white granular quartz (sac-\\ncharoidal quartz of the mineralogist) and attains sufficient\\npurity to be used in the manufacture of glass. Linville\\nmountain, in McDowell county, at the eastern base of the\\nBlue Ridge, is chiefly made up of the same rock. Here is\\nfound the flexible sandstone (Itacolumite of the mineralo-\\ngist) in which the diamond occurs in other parts of the\\nworld.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "(105)\\nLIMESTONE.\\nIn addition to the four beds of this rock in the western\\ncounties, there are two beds east of the Blue Ridge; one is\\nin McDowell county, along the North Fork, the other crosses\\nthe State from King s mountain, along through Gaston,\\nLincoln and Catawba to Stokes. There is also a small bed\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of marly limestone eight or ten miles in length in the north-\\nwestern part of Wake county.\\nPORCELAIN CLAY, AC.\\nAgalmatolite constitutes another member of the sandstone\\ngroup in at least two of the zones, being found in this\\nconnection in Montgomery and Chatham, as well as on the\\nNantehaleh river, and across Cherokee county. This rock is\\nmiscalled soapstone, which it resembles in some of its prop-\\nerties and uses.\\nIt is developed here on a large scale, and in no part of the\\nworld is found in greater purity or extent. Its uses in the\\narts are manifold, being substituted for graphite in lubrica-\\ntion, and for soapstone in furnaces, prepared as a cosmetic\\nand a pigment, and manufactured into soap, into ornaments,\\nand the finer kinds of porcelain ware. It has been exported\\nfor this latter purpose in large quantities to New York, and\\nto Germany.\\nGRAPHITE.\\nHere, also, belong the famous graphite, or plumbago beds\\nof Wake county, being found immediately under the sand\\nstone, or quartzite. It occurs, likewise, in the same connec-\\ntion, in the Catawba belt (in Gaston, Lincoln and Catawba)\\nand scattered through several counties westward. The uses\\nof this mineral are well known and important, the principal of\\nwhich are for the so-called lead pencils, for crucibles, for\\npaints, for lubrication and for electrotyping, fcc. The Wake\\ncounty mines have been worked to a considerable extent, and\\nwill, no doubt, be re-opened. Dr. Emmons and Prof. Olmsted\\npronounce these the most important beds of this mineral\\nknown.\\nThe quartzite in Montgomery, takes the form of a buhrstone,\\nwhich is supposed to be valuable for the manufacture of mill\\nstones. This mineral is also found near Webster, in Jackson\\ncounty, and on Nantehaleh river, in Macon.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "(106)\\nSOAPSTONE, WHETSTONES, GRINDSTONES, C.\\nSoapstone and serpentine of good quality are found in va-\\nrious parts of the State, for example, in Wake, Moore, Orange,\\nRandolph, Mecklenburg and Caldwell, and west of the Blue\\nRidge, there is a remarkable belt of serpentine and chlorite\\nslates, traversing the State from Clay to Mitchell, which carries\\na great variety of minerals, interesting to the mineralogist,\\nand one at least that might become valuable economically,\\nviz: The slate formation, which occupies a tract of the State,\\nnot less than forty miles in width, west of the coal rocks of\\nDeep river, extends in a north-east direction, from Anson and\\nUnion counties on the southern border to the Virginia line.\\nThese slates constitute a notable feature in the geology of the\\nState, and, in addition to the interest which attaches to the\\nnumerous mines along its north-western border, they contain\\nextensive beds of roofing-slates and turkey hones, (novaculite.)\\nScythe-stones are also found on the Nantehaleh, of good\\nquality and in great abundance.\\nThe Linville Slates furnish abundant materials for grind-\\nstones and whetstones, in the Linville mountains, and for\\nwhetstones of very good quality in Adam s Nnob on John s\\nRiver. On Laurel River in Madison is a peculiar cherty\\nsplintered whitish quartz rock which Mr. George Gehagan\\nhas manufactured into millstones, which are described as\\nnearly equal in performance to the French buhrstone. One\\nof the best millstone grits in the country is found on\\nMcLennon s creek, in Moore county.\\nALUM AND COPPERAS.\\nAlum and copperas slates abound in many parts of the\\nState, and have been extensively brought into requisition\\nduring the stress of the late war. The counties of Cleveland\\nand Rutherford alone contain not less than 100 square miles\\nof these rocks, and could easily supply the continent with\\ncopperas. This material is derived, by the process of weath-\\nering, from the iron pyrites which is disseminated, in great\\nabundance, and in a state of extreme comminution, through\\nthe slates, many of which, being feldsphatic, yield also alum.\\nMINERAL SPRINGS.\\nThe same cause, viz: the abundance and wide diffusion\\nof iron pyrites give rise to so many sulphur, chalybeate and\\nalum springs in this Piedmont country. They abound\\nthroughout the region, but the most noted are the Wil-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "107\\nson s Springs, (White and Ked Sulphur, and Chalybeate)\\nnear Shelby in Cleaveland county, McBrier s and Patterson s\\nin the same county, and the Catawba White Sulphur and\\nChalybeate in the northern part of the county of the same\\nname, and Piedmont Springs in Burke near Table Rock.\\nAll these are watering places of some celebrity. Wilson s\\nand the Catawba have been recently improved and furnished\\nin good style. They have the advantage of being located\\nin a very salubrious climate, in view of the mountains, and\\neasily accessible from the Rail Roads. Beyond the Blue\\nRidge also mineral springs abound. The most notable are\\nthe celebrated Warm Springs near Ashville, and the Mil-\\nlion Springs at the foot of Craggy Mountain.\\nMICA.\\nLarge crystals of mica are found in many parts of Yancey\\nand Mitchell; the largest I have seen, however, were ob-\\ntained in Cleveland near Shelby. When clear and free from\\nflaws, plates four inches by six are worth about one dollar\\nand a half per pound.\\nBARYTES AND MANGANESE.\\nBarytes is found in Orange, in the mines of Cabarrus and\\nMecklenburg, also in Gaston and Madison counties; and\\nmanganese in Cabarrus and Gaston as well as in Lincoln,\\nCatawba and Chatham.\\nMARL.\\nThis valuable material is liberally scattered over most of\\nthe seacoast section of the State, and is found in every degree\\nof purity and consolidation, from a mere aggregation of\\nloose shells to the most compact limestone, suitable for build-\\ning or for burning into lime. The famous Bath stone of London\\nis matched by some of these beds. The marl is generally\\nfound near the surface and easily accessible. The importance\\nof these accumulations of mineral manure to the agriculture\\nof the State is not fully appreciated. Our farmers are only\\nbeginning to understand tlie essential part which lime plays\\nin the economy of vegetable growth, and its important rela-\\ntions to exhausted soils.\\nWe pass to the other division of minerals, the metaliferous\\nores.\\nTo the unpracticed eye, nothing presents a picture of more\\nhopeless disorder and chaos than the rocks, particularly in a\\nregion of great disturbance, as in a moutainous country.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "(108)\\nHere seems truly A land of darkness, without any order,\\nand where the light is as darkness. And yet, at the touch\\nof science, order rises out of this confusion, and light spreads\\nover this darkness. In a region of the wildest riot of disorder,\\ndislocation, disturbance and inversion, under the patient and\\ninevitable inductions of geology, the upheaved, overturned,\\nand distorted strata fall into rank and regularity along certain\\naxes and group themselves orderly about certain centres. As\\nthe sandstones, limestone, c, of the previous division were\\nfound to acknowledge certain relationships inter se, and\\ntoward a controlling geological meridian, so it will appear\\nthat the metaliferous ores are not scattered at random and as\\nif by chance, (even within the limitations already stated, of a\\ndisturbed area and a low geological horizon) but have a subor-\\ndinate grouping and a palpable arrangement.\\nIRON.\\nAnd first of iron, king of metals so, because it constitutes\\nthe very frame-work, as it were, of our material civilization,\\nwithout which the whole fabric would vanish like the fabled\\nship on approaching the magnetic mountain. North Carolina\\nis peculiarly fortunate in the possession of an abundance of\\niron ore, and so widely distributed and in so immediate juxta-\\nposition with the other materials and means for smelting it,\\nthat each section, exeept the seaboard counties, can produce\\nits own supply. These ores occupy chiefly five or six narrow\\ntracts, or districts, which have an obvious relation to the min-\\neral belts already pointed out.\\nThis relation is most obvious and most immediate in the\\ntrans-Catawba tract, the ore being found in heavy veins along\\nthe out-crop of the sandstone from King s mountain through\\nGaston, Lincoln and Catawba, to Stokes and Surry. A second\\nbelt extends through Montgomery, Randolph and G-uilford.\\nA third has its largest development in Chatham in the neigh-\\nborhood of the coal, at Buckhorn, Lockville, Ore Hill, Egypt,\\nc, but makes its appearance also in Johnson. These ores\\nare specular, magnetic and hematite.\\nIn the coal-beds themselves, exists an importantdeposit of iron\\nore interstratified with the coal. West of the Blue Ridge is one\\nof the most valuable accumulations of iron ore to be found in\\nthe country. It has been long famous for the fine quality of\\nthe metal which it yields. The ore lies at the base of the\\nYellow mountain in Mitchell county, and is found at several\\npoints in a southwest direction in Madison and Haywood.\\nThese beds are magnetic, and are well adapted to the manu-\\nfacture of steel.\\nAnother bed accompanies the limestone of McDowell and", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "(109)\\nTransylvania and one of the most important and extensive\\ndeposits in the country, crosses the entire bi eadth of Cher-\\nokee. It belongs commonly to the variety of specular or\\nhematite ore. The completion of the Western Rail Road will\\nbring these immense deposits into speedy requisition, and\\nwill probably render Cherokee the leading iron county of\\nthe State.\\nThe manufacture of iron had attained to considerable im-\\nportance in the State previously to the late war, during which,\\nof course, this industry received a great impetus. And when\\nour system of Internal Improvements shall have been com-\\npleted, this will doubtless become one of the most important\\nmanufactures in the State.\\nGOLD.\\nGold mining commenced in North Carolina about fifty\\nyears ago. The first impulse was given to the business by the\\naccidental discovery of some large nuggets in Cabarrus and\\nAnson counties. Previously to the year 1820. not more than\\n$50,000 had been obtained. In 1863, the aggregate yield was\\nnot less than $10,000,900; which would make an average\\nannual yield of $250,000. Here, as elsewhere, the first mining\\nwas confined to surface-diggings. And in 1824, Professor\\nOlmsted, of the University, then State Geologist, expressed\\ndoubts about the existence of gold veins in that region.\\nIn California, Australia, along the Andes and the Ural,\\nevery where, in ancient and modern times, these superficial\\ndeposits have been the chief source of the precious metal, and\\nhave been generally more remunerative than vein-mines.\\nAnd it is in this datritus of sand, gravel and clay, that nearly\\nall the large masses, or nuggets, of gold have been found.\\nIn North Carolina, however, vein-mining has obtained\\ngreat prominence and the larger part of the whole product in\\nthis State has been derived from this source. Some single\\nmines in the gold region have yielded from one to two millions.\\nAnd if these mines have not been uniformly profitable, it is\\nbecause they have been generally wrought with little science,\\nor economy. Overman, in his icork on Metallurgy, has recorded\\nhis conviction that these mines, under proper management, would\\nhe more profitable than those of California.\\nThe vein-gold of this State is usually found in a gangue of\\nquartz, or disseminated in a slaty veinstone; and is commonly\\nassociated with iron and copper pyrites. This association\\nalmost universally prevails below the water-level. These\\nmines, therefore, are of the same character as those of Califor-\\nnia and Colorado, and the new methods which have been\\ndevised during the last few years, to meet the difficulties of", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "no\\nworking this class of ores will doubtless be found applicable\\nhere.\\nThe gold district proper of North Carolina extends, inclu-\\nsively, from Guilford, Randolph and Moore counties, West\\nand South-west to the Blue Ridge, and comprises all the\\ninterjacent counties, some twenty in number. Outside of\\nthis region there are but two gold fields of any note, viz\\nin Cherokee and Nash.\\nThe Reed mine in Cabarrus county has yielded more\\nthan a dozen nuggets, of various weights, from twenty-eight\\npounds (the largest ever found before the discovery of Uali-\\nfornia) to two or three pounds, making an aggregate of over\\n120 pounds. These nuggets are found in the detrital accu-\\nmulations of denuded veins. The most extensive surface\\ndiggings, or placer mines, are found in the South moun-\\ntains, occupying nearly 200 square miles in Burke and the\\nneighboring counties. More than a million of dollars have\\nbeen obtained from this deposit, and it is by no means ex-\\nhausted.\\nThere are also placer diggings of considerable extent in\\nthe counties of Caldwell, Polk and Nash.\\nSILVER.\\nIt will be observed that the richest gold mines lie along\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2and near the line of contact of the slates and granite. And\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2it is also along this line that the principal silver mines of\\nthis State are found. The most noted of these is at Silver\\nHill, in Davidson county. The combination of metals here is\\nquite complex, including, with the silver, gold, lead, copper\\nand zinc. A chain of silver mines runs south-west along the\\nwestern border of the slates, including the Conrad, the\\nMcMakin and the Stewart mines. During the war, the first\\nnamed of these mines yielded a considerable quantity of lead.\\nIt had been previously worked chiefly for silver and gold.\\nThe same association of metals occurs in Cherokee.\\nTwo or three silver mines have also been discovered\\nrecently in Watauga county, near the Tennesse line.\\nLEAD AND ZINC\\nLead has not been found in quantities to justify operation\\nelsewhere in the State, although its existence has been ascer-\\ntained in several localities in the mountain region, as in Mc-\\nDowell and Cherokee. Both the silver and lead of North\\nCarolina are found mostly in combination with sulphur in\\ngalena.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "(Ill)\\nZinc is not known to occur in the State, except in the above\\nnamed association and localities.\\nThe new process ot manufacturing zinc paint has rendered\\nall these zinc-lead mines immensely valuable.\\nCOPPER.\\nCopper has long been known as an accompaniment of gold\\nin most of the mines of that metal especially in those which\\noccur within the belt of granite bordering the slates on the\\nwest. Many of these, which were originally operated as gold\\nmines, were abandoned on account of the increase of copper\\npyrites with the depth and it is only within a few years that\\nseveral of them have been re-opened as copper mines.\\nThe mines of this metal in the gold district above indi-\\ncated, are found East of the Catawba river, and the most\\nimportant of these are in the Southern portion of Chatham,\\nin Guilford, Davidson, Rowan, Cabarrus and Mecklenburg,\\nmany of which have been recently re-opened. There are\\nalso several other mines outside of this district, the prin-\\ncipal of which is the Gillis mine in Person.\\nBeyond the Blue Kidge are two well defined copper dis-\\ntricts, in which occur many large veins, which have only\\nbeen opened at a few points. One of these lies on the head\\nwaters of the Tuckasegee in Jackson, extending occasionally\\nacross the mountain chains into the neighboring counties of\\nMacon and Haywood. The most noted mines in this region\\nare the Cullowhee, Wary hut and Savannah. The other\\ncopper belt is in Ashe and Alleghany counties. The impor-\\ntant mines here are the Elk Knob, Ore Knob, Peach Bottom\\nand Gap Creek. In both these trans-montane districts, the\\nveins are developed on a very large scale. They differ from\\nall other copper mines in the State (and so far as I know in\\nthe country) in being found in hornblende state.\\nCHROMIC IRON.\\nAs has been stated, this mineral accompanies the serpen-\\ntine in the most of its outcrops in the transmontane plateau,\\ne. g., in Yancey, Mitchell and Watauga, as well as in Jackson.\\nIt exists in the form of nodules and veins. This mineral\\nyields a very larg% number of valuable paints.\\nTUNGSTEN.\\nTungsten, a metal which was long merely a chemical\\ncuriosity, but has recently assumed a high value, particularly", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "[112]\\non account of its relation to the manufacture of steel, occurs\\nin Cabarrus.\\nDIAMONDS.\\nI Several valuable diamonds have been found in the trans-\\nCatawba country, in Lincoln and Rutherford counties.\\nFrom this very rapid survey of the minerals of North Car-\\nolina, several facts worthy of note are evident: first, that,\\nthough widely distributed, they are not scattered at random,\\nbut follow a certain order of grouping and association; so\\nthat the probability of the occurrence of a given mineral in\\nany particular locality can be approximately ascertained be-\\nfore examination.\\nAgain, it is evident that this State is abundantly supplied\\nwith the more important and valuable minerals, those which\\nare essential to the permanent and successful development of\\nour agriculture and manufactures. Among these must be\\nalways first named iron, coal and lime. Of the first two it\\nhas been seen that there is the greatest profusion. Of lime,\\nhowever, it may be supposed that there is a deficiency. It is\\ntrue that we have no such immense territory of limestone as\\nis found in some of the other States; and yet, upon consider-\\nation, it will be apparent that nature has provided an abun-\\ndant store for all possible needs. The tertiary region in the\\neast finds an ample supply for the purposes of agriculture and\\narchitecture in its widely diffused beds of marl. And\\nalthough the farmer of the middle and western sections may\\nnot always find an imperative need of this fertilizer, his soils\\nbeing frequently derived by disintegration from rocks which\\ncontain a considerable per centage of lime, yet, since the\\nbreadth of the State is traversed at comparatively short inter-\\nvals by a number of outcrops of limestone, which are crossed\\nalmost at right angles by our rivers and many of our rail\\nroads, it is thus brought within convenient reach of almost\\nevery neighborhood. Nature has denied us only two of the\\nmore important mineral deposits, salt and gypsum, (and they\\nmay yet be discovered in the sandstone of the coal.) But of\\nthese two there is an unlimited store just across our borders,\\nwithin easy reach by a short line of railroad, of our net-work\\nof proposed and completed rail roads and of our rivers.\\nTaking, then, in one view, our resources of iron, coal, and\\nlime, of gold and copper, and the great variety of other min-\\nerals of subordinate but real and increasing value, it is suffi-\\nciently apparent that our State has here the foundation of\\nindefinite wealth and prosperity; and that there is wanting to\\nthese ends only a vigorous prosecution of our system of inter-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "(113)\\nrial improvements on the part of our Legislature, and intelli-\\ngence, industry and enterprise on that of our citizens.\\nTHE POPULATION\\nin 1860 was 992,(322, of which one third are colored, and\\n3,298 are of foreign birth. One-tenth of the population live\\nin towns and cities.\\nLAND.\\nAccording to the census of 1860, there were 6,500,000 acres\\nof improved land, being about one fifth of the area of the\\nState. The price at which these lands are held ranges from\\nabout 3 dollars to 100 dollars per acre; the average would be\\nabout 7 1-2.\\nThe only qualification necessary to enable a foreigner to\\nown land, is taking the oath of allegiance to the State, or\\nbecoming a citizen of the United States.\\nPUBLIC SCHOOLS\\nwere maintained in the State, by the means of the income\\nderived from the Literary Fund, which amounted to two mil-\\nlion five hundred thousand dollars in 1860. About half of\\nthis fund has been swept away by the war; and the system of\\nDistrict schools which had brought a rudimentary education\\nwithin the reach of all, free of cost, has been entirely pros-\\ntrated for the present, but will be revived immediately under\\nlaws recently enacted for the purpose.\\nThe State may be reached directly from Europe through\\neither of her ports Wilmington or Beaufort, (or Norfolk,)\\nfrom which railroads penetrate every part of the State.\\nFrom New York the distance by railroad or steamer is\\nabout 20 hours.\\nThe number of newspapers published in the State is about\\n75; all in the English language.\\nYours, truly,\\nW. C. KERR,\\nState Geologist.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "(114)\\nThe following letter addressed to a New Yorker, is from\\nthe pen of our venerable and learned friend Rev. Dr. Mason r\\nSector of Christ s Church, Raleigh, X. C. It will be read\\nwith interest:\\nRaleigh, N. C, April 20, 1869.\\nMy Dear Friexd:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From what you have heard of the\\nclimate of North Carolina, and especially of that middle belt\\nin which Raleigh is situated, you think it possible you may\\nforsake the cold regions of New York for the milder winters\\nof this State. You wish me then to tell you, how I like my\\nresidence here, what I really think of the climate, especially\\nof Raleigh; what is the character of the country generally;\\nwhat its agriculture, and what prospect there is of your carry-\\ning out successfully your favorite amusement or pursuit, shall\\nI call it, of gardening.\\nMy answer to the first, need not be long. You know I have\\nbeen here many years, and you have never heard me, I am\\npersuaded, express any intention or desire to remove.\\nFor the healthiness of the country, that must depend on the\\npart of the State in which one resides. The eastern part of\\nthe State must be to a greater or less degree subject to inter-\\nmittent and remittent fever. I do not think however, it can\\nbe in this respect much, if at all, worse than the eastern part\\nof Virginia or Maryland: and must be far better than the\\neastern part of South Carolina, and consequently of Georgia,\\nif there is any foundation for the old woman s impression.\\nWhen the line was run between North and South Carolina,\\nher house was determined to be in the Xorth instead of the\\nSouth State. At this she expressed great satisfaction, as she\\nhad always heard that South Carolina was a desperate un-\\nhealthy place. You know I have lived in various climates. I\\nhave been in the West India Islands, at least in one, the most\\nhealthy perhaps of them. I have resided in three of the North-\\nern States, as far as Xew York, but I can certainly say, that\\nI consider the climate of Raleigh much superior to any I have\\never been in. The air is dry: there are no swamps or marshes\\naround us: the soil is generally porous: the violence of north-\\neastern storms does not reach us, nor the unwholesome moisture\\nof the South-east; both are tempered before they reach us.\\nI have known many persons in a population of between five\\nand six thousand, more than eighty a few. more than ninety\\nyears old; and as far as my experience goes, the young are\\nless liable to die here than in any place I have ever lived.\\nWhat my experience has taught me of Raleigh is time. I believe,\\nof the whole belt of country extending from the Virginia to\\nthe South Carolina line in which Raleigh is situated. It is", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "(115)\\nintermediate between the east with its intermittent and remit-\\ntent fevers, and the west with its more inflammatory disorders.\\nDiseases of both sorts exist among us, but far less frequently\\nthan in their native regions, and generally very much modified\\nin violence. We have no endemic diseases and epidemics\\nvery seldom occur; I never knew or heard of a genuine case\\nof cholera.\\nAs I know your aversion to musquitoes, I may say for\\nyour satisfaction that although they are to be found in Raleigh\\nin some parts of the town, but not in great numbers, in other\\nparts of the town they scarcely show themselves at all; and\\nin any part, they are, compared with eastern musquitoes such\\ninsignificant fellows, that were it not for the villainous drone\\nof their hateful bag-pipes you might despise them altogether.\\nOf the face of the country: North Carolina, you know,\\nmay be considered a long parallelogram divided into three\\ndistinct regions; the flat country of swamps and marshes and\\nsluggish streams, supposed, I think, by geologists to have been\\nupheaved from the sea, and extending about one hundred miles\\nfrom the coast. A great part of this region is sandy, and\\neasily worked, is very fertile, abounding, however, in the long-\\nleaved pine, from which turpentine, c, is obtained, and\\nfor which North Carolina is noted. These sandy lands, when\\nimproved by manuring and otherwise skillful cultivation, make\\nvery good cotton lands.\\nTwo sources of fertility have been resorted to, one mineral\\nand the other vegetable. The eastern region of the State\\nabounds in marl beds, and these are beginning, indeed have\\nbeen for some time, used very successfully by certain persons\\nin certain districts. The other, and vegetable source of im-\\nprovement is called the corn or field pea, producing an abun-\\ndant stalk and foilage, and when sowed in early summer and\\nplowed in when near maturity, supplies, in the Southern\\nStates, the place of clover in the Northern States, with a\\nmore rapid effect.\\nThe swamp and marsh lands, when cleared and drained, arc\\nvery fertile. I have heard of some of them producing from\\neighty to a hundred bushels of corn per acre, and of an hun-\\ndred dollars an acre being refused for their purchase.\\nThe middle region is the region of wheat and corn, along\\nits northern borders, of tobacco very excellent, and in some\\ncounties, cotton. Along the Southern border, besides the first\\nnamed products of wheat and corn, the chief production is\\ncotton. Some of the counties of this region are quite fertile,\\nsome not remarkably so.\\nThe third region, the mountainous and most westerly part\\nof the State, is, I am told, a magnificent region. Of all the\\nmountain country of the United States east of the Rocky", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "(116;\\nmountains, the mountains of N^rth Carolina are the loftiest,\\nand yet they are clothed with verdure from top to bottom. In\\nthis part of the State, there is perhaps, as excellent a grazing\\ncountry as can be found in the United States; may be in any\\npart of the world. The soil, too is a wonderful producer of\\nroots and tuberous plants. I have heard of one thousand\\nbushels of the common potatoe Irish as we call them to dis-\\ntinguish them from sweet potatoes being produced on an\\nacre. This may be an exaggeration or myth, but all myths\\nhave some reality, all exaggerations have some foundation.\\nThus you will see that North Carolina being situated be-\\ntween Virginia and South Carolina, partakes of the agricul-\\ntural advantages of both. It must be considered as the\\nextreme north of cotton cultivation, while South of it, very\\nlittle attention is paid to the production of tobacco, while the\\nwestern part of the State from the richness of its grasses, and\\nthe luxuriance of its vines rivals, and from the superior^\\nand 1 he greater mildness of its climate, more than rivals the best\\npastures of the North. I may add here, that quarries of ex-\\nceedingly beautiful marble are said to be found in Cherokee\\ncounty the most westerly county of North Carolina.\\nBut now for your horticulture. First, let me observe this\\ntown is called the city of oaks from the number of these trees,\\noriginal tenants of the soil, which the first settlers of the town\\nand the present residents that have succeeded them, had the\\ngood taste to preserve. To me there are few objects of greater\\ngrand beauty than one of these aborigines of the forest, with\\nhis fifty arms so strong, clothed in their full fresh vendure\\nof May or early June, relieved against the deep, deep blue, and\\nserene sky of this climate.\\nThere is in addition the artificial beauty arising from culti-\\nvation. Except in the mere business part of the place, there\\nare few houses without their front lot for ornamental and their\\nback lot for kitchen gardening. Very many houses have\\nattached to them, conservatories filled with exotics. Even\\nwhere these are not found, the front yards are kept by careful\\nattention in rich grasses, sometimes green (as the Kentucky\\ngrass for instance) through the whole winter, with trees of\\nvarious descriptions, deciduous and evergreen, with borders of\\nshrubbery and ornamental flowers.\\nBut come, let us hasten, after this long delay, to what you\\nwill be more interested in, the practice of the kitchen garden.\\nLet us enter my garden. You see, that being originally a\\nsloping lot of ground, it was necessarily terraced. Let us sit\\nat the corner of this bank, faced with the Kentucky grass.\\nLook around You perceive there has been an attempt to\\nunite the dulce with the utile, the ornamental with the neces-\\nsary; the decoration of the parlor with the preparation of", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "(117)\\nthe kitchen the former, principally with the care of the fairer\\nsex of my household, the latter I have taken under my own\\ncharge. This bed on the left is one of hyacinths, now out of\\nbloom. On each side of the main walk we have passed through,\\nare rows of choice roses of several varieties, and of almost\\nevery hue. Many of them, as you see, will soon be in bloom.\\nInterspersed among the roses, are flowering shrubs; vines and\\nroots of many kinds. Off to the right, are climbing roses,\\nwith a Chinese honey-suckle, and what is popularly called,\\nthe yellow jessamine, but which is really, as a very learned\\nfriend of mine, an eminent botanist, Dr. Curtis, of Hillsboro,\\nwrites in his admirable practical work, the Woody plants of\\nNorth Carolina, a Gelsemnona sempervireris Read what\\nhe says of it:\\nIts graceful evergreen leaves, the profusion of its large,\\nbright and deliciously fragrant blossoms, renders this vine the\\npride of our forest.\\nImmediately behind us is a bed of potatoes, the common\\npotatoes of course, not the sweet. A great part of them are\\nup, but I am afraid a late frost has very much injured them.\\nI planted them in December of last year, according to my\\nusual and generally successful practice. Hereafter, I shall not\\nplant till the peach tree is in bloom, generally the beginning\\nof March.\\nBeyond those two beds of Asparagus immediately before\\nyou, is a plot of Wakefield cabbages, sown the first week of\\nlast November. In the severity of the winter, they were cov-\\nered with glass. Have I Winningstadts Certainly. I con-\\nsider them the finest early though not the earliest Spring cab-\\nbage. My Winningstadts are on the last plot in the garden\\nto the right. I sow in November, as being the earliest time\\nto prevent many of ray plants running to seed. Yes, I have\\nalso a few early cauliflowers. If they succeed they will bloom\\nin May. Between the rows of cabbage, you see is lettuce,\\nthe early cabbage lettuce, sowed in September, at the same\\ntime with spinach and black mustard, and onion seed. Do\\nthe young onion plants endure the winter Perfectly, as you\\nwill presently see. So does the spinach; so does the mustard,\\nwithout any covering; and the lettuce. I cultivate two other\\nkinds of lettuce, besides that you see so large, the Ice lettuce,\\ncalled so, I suppose, from the semi-transparency of its ribs. A\\ndelicate lettuce of fine flavor, but of short continuance, as it\\nendures neither heat nor cold well, and soon runs to seed.\\nThe other is the large India, taking all its qualities into con-\\nsideration, the best lettuce I have ever met with. It does not\\nendure cold remarkably, but it does heat. The cabbage let-\\ntuce we have been eating for more than a month. You see it", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "(118)\\nis now well headed. We have had asparagus for some days,\\nand are now on our second crop of radishes.\\nLet us walk around some of the plots. I indulge a great\\ndeal, you see, in pears, some dwarf and some standards. The\\npear is a delicious fruit and is almost the only tree-fruit not\\ninfested by insects. The peach in the garden is destroyed by\\nthe curculio, and the apple both by the curculio and the cod-\\nline moth.\\nThis mammoth bush as you term it, but which is no bush but\\na tree in the eastern and southeastern part of the State where\\nthe climate is somewhat milder, is the fig, and a most valuable\\nfellow. He is never infested by insects, always bearing a deli-\\ncious fruit. When the frost does not interfere, bearing a first\\nand always a later second crop. In this altitude so far up the\\ncountry, the plant is sometimes injured by the frost, but never\\nentirely destroyed.\\nThe strawberries are of various sorts, mo?t of them are in\\nfull bloom, so are my early peas. I shall have them both,\\nearly in May.\\nThe grapes are Catawba and Isabella. The Isabellas scarcely\\never ripen well. The Catawbas sometimes succeed remarkably\\nwell. As you perceive this year I mulch them with oak\\nleaves; as I think it is what is principally needed to prevent\\nrot. One year I suffered weeds to grow among my grapes,\\nand merely cut them down without attempting to weed them\\nup. I had that year a great quantity of grapes; last year I\\ntook particular pains to keep the ground clean and I had few\\nor no grapes. But part hoe is not necessarily proper hoe. I\\nshall try however, the leaves. I will shew you soon a native,\\non which like the true native man of the State you can rely.\\nIn the meantime here are my tomatoe plants set out from\\na cold-frame; 1 never used a hot-bed, as in this climate it is\\nI think unnecessary and dangerous, unless you have a gardner\\nyou can certainly trust. Here are my cucumbers, removed\\nfrom the frame on inverted sods, as are also melons and\\nsquashes. You see my spinach is going to seed and so is my\\nautumn sown mustard. And here is the grape vine, the Scup-\\npernong. Not of the highest character for either the press,\\nor the table. I doubt its being ever made a good wine grape,\\nnot of exquisite flavor, as the Hamburg, not of high Patri-\\ncian standing, but of good steady, regular, useful, sober, yeo-\\nmanly qualities. Its bloom is after all frosts are over, no\\ninsects infest it; it spreads and bears to any extent you please\\nto carry it and regularly. But I must warn you, that it is a\\ndownright Southerner and steadily refuses to bear at all be-\\nyond Mason s and Dixon s line. Nay, I am not sure that\\nhe will condescend to bear in Virginia. I believe he looks\\nwith a good deal of indifference upon the pretensions of the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "(119)\\n~F. F s. In fact he is a genuine native North Carolinian and\\nis truer to his native State than many a North Carolina man\\nor woman.\\nThe poles before you are for Lima beans, recently planted\\nT)ut not yet up.\\nAnd now I have told you nearly, if not quite all, you wished\\nto know. I will only add if you go south or east from Ral-\\neigh, the products of the garden are earlier; if north or west\\nlater than they are here. Auream quisquis mediocritatem\\ndlligit Tutus. Take the gold mean of Raleigh with its\\nundoubted salubrity, and come and live among us.\\nR. S. MASON.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "FACTS FOR EMIGRANTS and CAPITALISTS.\\nTHE SWAMP LANDS- OF NORTH CAROLINA.\\n1,500,000 ACRES,\\nIn the Eastern portion of North Carolina lying on the\\nAtlantic Ocean, from Virginia to South Carolina, there are\\nmillions of acres of Swamp lands in their native forest growth,\\nof great fertility and value. Most of these lands can be bought\\nfrom their present proprietors at nominal prices, not one-third\\ntheir real value.\\nThe Board of Literature of North Carolina holds in trust\\nfor the benefit of Public Education all those swamp lands\\nwhich belong to the State, supposed to contain one million five\\nhundred thousand acres. These lands are for sale. Besides\\nthese, there are many millions of acres owned by private per-\\nsons and corporations, which can be purchased. Eor specific\\ninformation in reference to these lands, apply to the North\\nCarolina Land Company, Raleigh, N. C.\\nIn 1867, the Board of Literature of North Carolina, pre-\\npared and published a description of the State Swamp lands\\nfrom official sources. As this description holds good in most\\nparticulars in reference to all the swamp lands of Eastern\\nNorth Carolina, we deem it proper to present to our readers\\nthe following statements from that document published by\\nthe Board of Literature:\\nGENERAL DESCRIPTION.\\nThe term Stvamp is applied in North Carolina to low, wet\\nand spongy lands unfit for cultivation without thorough drain-\\nage. The statute meaning of the term is a large body of such\\nland and it is applied to districts in the alluvial region of", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "(121)\\nthe State not affected by tide or salt water that can be\\ndrained.\\nSome of the lakes are isolated, and others are found within\\nthe swamps and occupying their highest points; and all of\\nthese lands are susceptible of thorough drainage, the expense\\nper acre being much less where large bodies are drained by\\none system of canals. This is one main reason why many of\\nthese lands have not hitherto been improved: for the swamps\\nare too large for single proprietors, and the cost per acre of\\ndraining a single plantation, of moderate size, would gener-\\nally be more than three times that of draining an entire\\ndistrict.\\nThe lands are all level, and, being alluvial, are free of stones\\nand pebbles, and, when improved, of very easy tillage.\\nSPECIFIC QUALITIES.\\nThe swamp lands described above may be divided, with\\nreference to soil, production and value, into three general\\nclasses.\\nFirst. The very fertile, of which the improved lands of\\nHyde county are the general type, and for a scientific descrip-\\ntion of which, of the highest authority, the reader is referred\\nto the following:\\nSWAMP LANDS OF THE HYDE COUNTY TYPE SCIENTIFIC AU-\\nTHORITY.\\nThe late E. Emmons, LL D., formerly of the Geological\\nSurvey of New York, and well and favorably known to the\\nscientific world, was, at the time of his death, and for years\\nbefore had been, State Geologist of North Carolina.\\nHe examined with much care the agricultural characteris-\\ntics of the swamp region of North Carolina, subjecting the\\nsoils to a thorough analysis, and personally inspecting their\\ncultivation and production.\\nFrom an elaborate report made in 1858, the following\\nextracts are taken\\nMaize (Indian Corn) must be ranked among the most\\nexhausting crops; and it is evident that poor soils will scarcely\\nrepay the farmer for its cultivation.\\nWhile it must be admitted that maize is an exhausting crop r\\nit is equally clear and conclusive that it is one of the most\\nimportant and valuable, and hence it may be regarded as one\\nwhich pays the best.\\nThe foregoing remarks respecting the maize crop have been", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "(122)\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2jmade in consequence of the peculiar adaptation of the soil of\\n.Hyde County to this cereal. It is the granary of the South.\\nIt is true that the number of bushels per acre which constitute\\nthe average crop is less than the number frequently made on\\nother kinds of soil. Thus, a hundred bushels of corn may be\\ngrown upon an acre, but the Hyde County soils rarely exceed\\nsixty bushels per acre; but from fifty to sixty bushels are\\ngrown, annually, per acre for an indefinite term of years, with-\\nout the expense of fertilizers, while the heavy premium crops\\nTequire a great expenditure on them; and these have to be\\nrepeated, in order to keep the ground in a good condition\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0and hence, in the long term of years, the profits of these rich\\nlands greatly exceed those which are only moderately so,\\nnaturally, and require, every few years, an instalment of\\nmanure. Report of 1858, pages 28th, 29th.\\nThe Hyde County soils have acquired a deservedly high\\nreputation.\\nSome tracts have been cultivated over a century, and the\\ncrops appear to be equally as good as they were at an early\\nperiod of their culture; and yet no manure has been employed,\\nand they have been under culture in Indian corn every year,\\nor what would be equivalent thereto.\\nIn accomplishing the object of my visit, I was ably seconded\\nby Dr. Long, of Lake Landing, who has become the owner of\\na tract which has borne this crop, (Indian corn,) for one hun-\\ndred years without manures. It does not seem to have deter-\\niorated by this long cultivation; or the crops do not show a\\npeceptible falling off; still, there has been a large consumption\\nof materials during the one hundred years of cultivation, which\\nmay be made to appear by analysis.\\nThe great supply of nutriment, however, still holds out, and\\nthe one hundred years to come, if subjected to no greater\\ndrains upon its magazine of food, will, at such a distant period,\\ncontinue to produce its ten to twelve barrels of corn to the\\nacre. Ibid, pages 19 21.\\nIn Onslow, the White Oak Desert is the most interesting\\ntract of swamp land in the County, and is at the head of\\nWhite Oak Creek. This tract may be drained into Trent\\nRiver. The timber is very large, and consists of white oak,\\npoplar and pine.\\nThe most important work which has been undertaken, is the\\n-drainage of a part of this tract by Mr. Franck. He has been\\nable to secure two objects, the drainage of the land, and a\\ngood water power, with a fall of about twelve feet.\\nThe thickness of the soil in Mr. Franck s poccosin (swamp)", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "123\\nis five feet towards the outer rim, and still thicker towards\\nthe middle, attaining at least ten feet of rich soil.\\nThe excellent quality of parts of it, which are covered with\\nheavy timber, proves by cultivation that it is equal to the\\nMattamuskeet lands of Hyde their average yield being twelve\\nbarrels of corn to the acre. Ibid, pages 37 38.\\nThis White Oak Desert, or Swamp, lies partly in Onslow\\n.and partly in Jones County, consists of about ninety-four\\nthousand acres, and belongs to the Literary Board.\\nThe fertility of the lands drained by Mr. Franck,\\nalthough on the edge of the swamp, and not so rich as in the\\ninterior, fully sustains the analysis of Professor Emmons, and\\nthe deductions therefrom, that they were equal in value to\\nthe best quality of the Hyde County soils. They have yielded,\\nas I am informed by Mr. Franck, every year, an average of\\nfrom ten to twelve barrels of corn per acre, or twelve hundred\\npounds of seed cotton and last year an elderly negro man,\\nwho cultivated a portion on shares, with two young negro\\nwomen and a boy, all of whom, including the man himself, were\\nstricken down with the small pox, made six bales of cotton\\nand two hundred and forty barrels of corn. Gen. Givynn s\\nReport to the Literary Board in 1867.\\nThe swamp lands of Brunswick and New Hanover, and\\nadjoining Counties, resemble, in many respects, those of Hyde\\nand Onslow. The earthy matter is as line as that of Onslow\\nor Hyde County lands, and its quality and condition prove\\nthe same capacity, as it appears to me, for a productive culti-\\nvation for a series of years. Dr. Emmons.\\nGen. Walter Gwynn, one of the most eminent and experi-\\nenced civil engineers of the United States, and who, for many\\nyears, has been engaged in the various departments of his\\ncalling, in different States of the Union, has been several times\\nin the employment of the Literary Board of North Carolina.\\nHe has surveyed a number of its Swamps, and in a report\\nmade to the Board, in 1867, says:\\nI am unable to state with precision what proportion of the\\nState lands, amounting in all to about a million and a half of\\nacres, belongs to the class that comes up to the standard of\\nthe Hyde County or Mattamuskeet lands. I feel confident,\\nhowever, that it exceeds somewhat a fourth, and that a large\\nproportion of the remainder, though falling below this stan-\\ndard, is equal to the average quality of lands in the country,\\nknown and regarded as good lands.\\nThe rest would be valuable as manures for other lands, and", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124\\nfor peat, which has lately become an article of commerce from\\nthe neighboring swamps of Virginia.\\nIt will be useful to compare the swamp lands (of North\\nCarolina) with the prairies of Illinois, whose characteristics\\nhave drawn westward so many emigrants from New England,\\nNew York and the old world. The swamp soils of North\\nCarolina show a greater capacity for endurance than the\\nprairie soils of Illinois, notwithstanding the annual crop is\\nsomewhat less per acre; but on the score of location we are\\nunable to see that the Illinois soils have a preference.\\nAs it regards health, Hyde County is no more subject to\\nchills and fevers than the country of the prairies. It is a\\nremarkable fact that persons live and labor in swamps with\\nimpunity, or freedom from disease. Dr. Emmons.\\nAll things considered, these lands are among the most de-\\nsirable in the world: they produce grass and fruits as well as\\ncereals, are of easy cultivation, and are tilled from generation\\nto generation, without showing any signs of exhaustion.\\nThey are generally covered with a heavy and dense growth\\nof timber, vines, reecls and grass; the soil is from five to fif-\\nteen feet deep, and consists of decomposed vegetable matter,\\nfine sand, and finely comminuted clay. It produces exuber-\\nantly all the grains, grass, cotton, rice, pease, potatoes, tur-\\nnips, pumpkins, melons, the garden vegetables, apples, peaches\\nand grapes; but the test of its fertility is its growth of Indian\\ncorn, an exhausting crop, which it will yield in large amounts,,\\nfrom year to year, without manures or stimulants, and for an\\nindefinite period.\\nIt will not produce as much per acre as the heavy clay soils\\nin the highest state of improvement; but considering the dif-\\nference in the expense of. production, the crops of the former\\nare vastly the more profitable.\\nThe average yield, of Indian corn per acre, without the\\napplication of fertilizers or stimulants, is from fifty to seventy-\\nfive bushels; and experience has proved that this will con-\\ntinue, from year to year, for more than a century, while science\\ninfers, from the facts of the past and from careful analyses,\\nthat even two centuries of close cultivation will not exhaust\\nthe natural and ever renewing fertility of these soils.\\nSecond. Intermediate soils, partaking somewhat of the\\nnature of the first class, and something, also, of that of the\\nthird.\\nSwamps of this character sometimes contain highly fertile\\nfringes, or districts, alternated with sections of sandy lands\\nnot productive, or with peaty soils, devoid of timber; but", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "125\\ngenerally the lauds included under tins head are of medium\\nquality, producing the same growth with those of the first,\\nbut in less abundance.\\nThey would be regarded as very valuable but for their\\nproximity to the best soils of the world; and many of them\\nare more peculiarly adapted to wheat and the liner grasses\\nthan the lands of the first class; and their average yield of\\nIndian corn, which is about twenty-five to forty bushels per\\nacre, can be cheaply and easily increased by the application\\nof fertilizers which abound in this region.\\nThey are, like the lands of the first class, of very easy til-\\nlage; and one good application of the marl, which is found in\\nthis section in exhaustless quanties, will add to their produc-\\ntiveness for twenty years.\\nFor further particulars, and a more scientific description,\\nread again the foregoing description of the First Class.\\nThiiid. This class embraces what is usually known in\\nNorth Carolin, as Open Ground Swamp, being destitute of\\nwoody growth, not inundated with water, but always saturated\\nwith moisture.\\nThe soil consists of organic or undecomposed vegetable\\nmatter, and not productive in its present state; but when\\nturned up to the sun, acted on by caustic lime, and packed by\\ncultivation, it becomes in many instances very fertile.\\nBut it is due to say that the process necessary to the pro-\\nductiveness of these lands are not likely to be applied at pre-\\nsent in a region abounding in soils that need no improvement\\nexcept a thorough drainage; and they are now valuable\\nchiefly as vast repositories of peat, easily and cheaply\\nobtained, and near to water carriage, and as exhaustless beds\\nof manures for other soils deficient in the elements of which\\nthey consist.\\nThese prarie lands are described more fully as follows:\\nSome of the swamps are open, or marsh lands the surface\\nis usually destitute of timber, and covered with a coating of\\nmoss, or a growth of reeds and briars. These open lands were\\nonce, without doubt, clothed with a large and heavy growth\\nof trees, which have, in the course of time, been prostrated by\\nfire. The moss has a highly refractive quality,\\nand almost entirely excludes the soil below from the influence\\nof the sun: evaporation goes on slowly, the ground is kept lull\\nof water, vegetation checked, and what few seeds remain are\\nso chilled as to destroy germination. The soil\\nthrown up on the banks of drains, made into the open lands,\\nproduces a growth of bushes and weeds of the greatest vigor\\nand luxuriance, and the only things requisite to render the", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "(126)\\nthe open lands fertile are drainage and cultivation. The moss\\nwhich now covers their surface, instead of being injurious,\\nwill, with lime dressing, make a coating of manure of immense\\nvalue. Beport of Hon. A. Nash, Engineer in 1827 to the\\nBoard of Internal Improvement of N. C.\\nPeat is one the most common materials which has been\\nemployed as a fertilizer, and has received the same sanction\\nof those who have used it. Dr. Emmons Beport of I860,\\n-page 59.\\nThe Board of Literature owns a swamp of this kind con\\ntaining 87,000 acres, lying on navigable water, and within a\\nfew miles of Beaufort, one of the best harbors on the Atlantic\\ncoast. The peat here is of the finest quality, and rich in the\\nelements of fertility needed by more sandy lands.\\nINCIDENTAL ADVANTAGES OF THE SWAMP\\nLANDS OF NORTH CAROLINA.\\nI. THEIR NATURAL GROWTH.\\nSome of the swamps contain large bodies of timber, such as\\npine, juniper, cypress, oak, poplar, ash and gum; and in a\\nregion accessible to market, such products of the forest are of\\ngreat value. The business of timber getting has ever been\\nprofitable in Eastern North Carolina; the best markets for\\nlumber are comparatively near, and the trees are of the most\\nvaluable kind, and often as large and fine as any in the world.\\nGrapes, valuable for wine and for table use, abound;, and it\\nis only necessary to specify the Scuppernong, famous over the\\ncontinent, and which grows wild in immense quantities, and\\non vines that grow to immense size, and attain to a great age.\\nThe reeds and grass of the swamps afford a rich natural\\npasturage for cattle during the whole year, and this species of\\nstock can be raised as cheaply and abundantly as in any other\\nsection of the country.\\nII. MARL BEDS.\\nThe alluvial region of North Carolina abounds in immense\\nbeds of shell marl, a species of fertilizer exactly suited to the\\nsoils of this section.\\nThe ,marl is found near the surface, and often begins with\\nit, reaching generally to a considerable depth, and the beds\\ncontain hundreds and sometimes thousands of tons which can\\nbe easily and cheaply removed.\\nOne good dressing of this fertilizer will materially add to-", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "(127)\\nthe productiveness of the land for twenty years; and thus-\\nnature has deposited within this favored region the means of\\nincreasing and perpetuating the fertility of the soil.\\nIII. THE FISHERIES.\\nFish, oysters, turtle, and a valuable species of terrapin,\\nabound in eastern North Carolina; and here are found the\\nlargest fisheries of shad, herring and rock, on the American\\ncontinent. Mullets, and other desirable varieties of fish, are,\\nalso, caught in great quanties; and the numerous sounds,\\nlakes, rivers and creeks teem with an inexhaustible supply of\\nfood for the sustenance of human life.\\nIt is, also, worthy of note that wild towl and game of other\\nkinds exist in such quantities as to form an article of trade\\nwith other States; and as an illustration of the extent of the\\nfisheries, and of their value, it may be mentioned that during\\nthe present year one hundred and seventy-five thousand her-\\nrings have been taken at a single haul of the seine.\\nIV. ADVANTAGES FOR RAISING BEEF AND PORK.\\nIt has already been stated that cattle can be raised as\\ncheaply and as numerously here as in any part of the country;\\nand it should be added that the facilities for producing pork\\nare equally great. Indian corn, the staple food for fattening-\\nhogs in the west, can be grown here on as extensive a scale\\nand at little expense as in any part of the world: and in\\naddition to this, eastern North Carolina produces another\\narticle nearly as valuable for stock as corn, and which cannot\\nbe raised to advantage in the cold States of the west.\\nOne of the most nutritious, healthy and delightful of all\\nvegetables used for the food of man and beast is the sweet\\npotatoe; and in the region under discussion it requires little\\ncare or culture, and on soils comparatively poor, from two to\\nfive hundred bushels per acre can be easily raised.\\nV. FACILITIES FOR RAISING FRUITS AND GARDEN VEGETABLES\\nFOR THE MARKETS OF NORTHERN CITES.\\nThe peach tree is not so healthy in the alluvial region as\\non the stiff clay soils in the hill country; but the fruit matures\\nso much earlier than in the Northern States, that it can be\\nraised to great profit for the city markets.\\nThere is an apple peculiar to the Hyde region which is of\\nsuperior quality and one of the best keepers in the world: it\\nis called the Matamuskeet, grows luxuriantly in the section,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128\\nreferred to, and of which it is a native, and may be kept all\\nthe year round without rotting.\\nBut along the numerous navigable waters of this region\\nthere is the best opening in the world for profitable garden-\\ning vegetables of all kinds can be produced in vast quanti-\\nties, and of the best quality, and placed in the markets of\\nBoston, New York, Philadelphia, c, c, and weeks before\\nthey will mature on the vastly more expensive lands in the\\nvicinity of those cities.\\nVI. EASE WITH WHICH THE SOIL MAY BE CULTIVATED.\\nIt is no small item in the comparative advantages of this\\nregion, that the soil, when once prepared for cultivation is as\\nmellow and friable as a bed of ashes. One man and a small\\nhorse or mule can till as much ground, as a hand and a half,\\nor a man and boy, and two heavy draught animals, will do in\\nthe west; and less expense is necessary for agricultural im-\\nplements of every kind than in stiff clay or rocky soils.\\nVII. FACILITIES FOR GETTING TO MARKET.\\nThis favored region combines advantages seldom found\\ntogether, perhaps not combined, on such a scale, in any other\\nplace.\\nThe forests furnish resources for foreign trade equal to\\nthat of the regions where timber is the chief article of export;\\nthe fisheries add another great staple to commerce, and beef\\nand pork furnish others.\\nCotton may be grown as profitably as in the valley of the\\nMississippi, and com as abundantly as in the richest States of\\nthe west.\\nTo these may be added grapes and other fruits, wine, and\\ngarden vegetables and all these things are produced in com-\\nparative proximity to the markets ivliere they command the best\\nprices.\\nNearly all eastern North Carolina is convenient to navi-\\ngable water, and the whole of it is near to the Atlantic ocean\\nand the great staples of this region yield a much better price\\nto the producer than in any other section where they are so\\nlargely produced. When, for instance, corn is worth to the\\nproducer in Illinois or Iowa but fifteen cents per bushel, it\\nyields sixty to seventy-five to the farmer in eastern North\\nCarolina; and so with other products.\\nFor the same reason the inhabitants of this region obtain\\ntheir foreign supplies at much cheaper rates than they can be\\nfurnished to the people of the west; and to all this it must be", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "(129)\\nadded that building materials and fuel are vastly less expen-\\nsive, the working season longer, and all seasons milder.\\nVIII. CLIMATE AND HEALTH OF THE COUNTRY.\\nThe latitude of all parts of North Carolina is that most\\nfavorable to out-of-door labor and exposure, and to the pro-\\nlongation of human life.\\nThe statistics of the Census of the United States prove\\nthat the average duration of human life is as long in North\\nCarolina as in any part of the world; and the eastern part\\nof the State is not an exception to this general salubrity.\\nThis assertion is based on facts and on the investigations of\\nscience; and it is freely made in view of the most ample\\nopportunity on the part of the world of verifying its accuracy.\\nThe swamps of eastern North Carolina do not generate the\\nmalaria which, in the marshy regions further south, causes\\nmalignant fevers; and the experience of a large population\\ndevoted for over a century to open air pursuits, will confirm\\nthe statement that the laborers here, in the woods, in the fields\\nand on the waters, are generally as healthy as in any part of\\nthe country.\\nThe subject needs no ingenious bolstering conclusive facts\\nare within the reach of all and will speak for themselves.\\nThe winters are not so rigorous as in higher and drier\\nlocalities in the same latitude, the climate being tempered by\\nthe influences of the Gulf stream, and the proximity of the\\nocean; and the same causes, also, reduce the heats of summer,\\nand aid in promoting the health fulness of the climate.\\nThe region will be found to be suited to laborers from Ger-\\nmany and the British Isles; and natives of the South of\\nEurope will find health, and congenial and profitable employ-\\nment, in this favored region.\\nThe following facts sustain this assertion:\\nHEALTH OF LABORERS IN THE SWAMP REGION OF N. CAROLINA.\\nIt may be inferred that, as the swamp lands are so low and\\nwet, they must necessarily be extremely unhealthy, or become\\nso when drained, and the vegetable matter begins to decom-\\npose. Experience, however, does not support this view. The\\ntestimony of those who have cultivated them tor forty years\\nis, that their families have enjoyed as much health as their\\nneighbors who have lived at a distance. Persons who are in\\nthe habit of plunging into the swamp lands knee deep for\\ndraining, and when drained, to live in the immediate vicinity\\nof the black vegetable mould for years, are rarely sick with\\nfevers. Miasms, which generate fever, arise more\\n9", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130\\nfrom the banks of rivers than from the swamp and poccosin\\nsoils. Report of Dr. Emmons, in 1858, page 57.\\nA fact mentioned by the late Gen. W. A. Blount is of great\\nimportance; it is, that for forty years during which he had\\nbeen a resident upon this class of lands, the health of his family,\\nwhite and black, will compare favorably with those in the\\nhealthiest localities in eastern North Carolina.\\nThe late Edmund Ruffin, of Va., eminent for his practical\\ncontributions to agricultural knowledge, says:\\nFrom the existing conditions of the land and water of this\\nlake region, every stranger would infer the general and worst\\neffects of malaria in producing disease and death. But I was\\nassured that such was not the fact, and that the residents suf-\\nfered but little from autumnal diseases.\\nAnd this I could readily believe, even after making proper\\nallowances for the too favorable view as to health, which every\\nman takes of his own place of residence. The people I saw\\nhad the appearance of enjoying at least ordinary good health.\\nAmong the number that I saw there were three neighboring\\nresident proprietors, each of seventy or more years of age, and\\nthen in good health. Few of the residents move to, or visit,\\nthe high lands in the autumn, and these few for short times,\\nand more in pursuit of pleasure than of health.\\nTo these evidences may be added the authoritative testimony\\nof Gen. Walter Gwynn.\\nIn an official report to the Literary Board, he says:\\nThese facts corroborate the views advanced by Dr. Charles\\nE. Johnson, in an admirable address on malaria, delivered\\nbefore the Medical Society in 1851, and are conformable to my\\nown experience. As chief Engineer of the State, I was en-\\ngaged in draining swamp lands in Tyrrell County, from 1839\\nto 1843, a period of three years. The main features of this\\ndrainage consisted in lowering lakes Pungo and Alligator,\\neach five feet. This was effected by cutting canals twenty-five\\nand thirty feet wide respectively, which drained a surface of\\nabout 70,000 acres that was covered with water. Lateral\\ncanals were then cut twelve and sixteen feet wide, a mile apart.\\nThe work was done by contract, the average number of hands\\nemployed being about two hundred and fifty, all negroes, with\\nthe exception of the overseers and contractors. The latter\\nwere constantly exposed to the weather, the negroes worked\\nevery day in water and muck, generally knee deep they, as,\\nalso, the overseers, were housed in shanties on the banks of\\nthe canals and there was not a single case of fever on the\\nwork, nor was the attendance of a physician required in any\\ninstance.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "(131)\\nIn building the railroads from Petersburg to Blakely, from\\nPortsmouth to Weldon, from Weldon to Wilmington, from\\nWilmington to Manchester, and from Goldsborough to Raleigh,\\nevery variety of sandy soils, wet and dry, and every species of\\nmarsh, swamp and poccosin soils were encountered and up-\\nturned, yet there were but few cases of fever, and they occur-\\nred chiefly at Blakely, which was the first terminus of the\\nPetersburg railroad, on the Roanoke river, three miles below\\nWeldon, and on the Great Pee Dee River in South Carolina.\\nThe intermediate points were almost entirely exempt, and\\nremarkably so in the valley of the Cape Fear river, opposite\\nWilmington, where the Manchester road crosses Eagle s Island,\\nthrough cypress swamps and neglected rice fields. The meii\\nemployed were chiefly foreigners, disregarded the precautions\\ngiven them to keep within doors at night, and often slept out\\non the ground; yet there was not a single case of ague and\\nfever among them, nor did any one of them lose more than\\ntwo or three days during the entire period they were engaged\\nin the work, which was in the summer and autumn of 1853,\\nand 1851. Gen. Gwynn s Report to the Literary Board in\\n1807.\\nIX. STATE OF SOCIETY.\\nThe object in offering for sale the swamp lands of North\\nCarolina is itself a favorable indication of the state of society.\\nThe proceeds of the sales are to be used in re-establishing\\nthe prosperous system of Public Schools, temporarily sus-\\npended by the results of the late civil war a system which,\\nup to 1861, had been in existence for twenty years, and by\\nwhich all the children of the citizens of the State were ob-\\ntaining an elementary education.\\nFor nine years before the war and during the war it was\\npresided over by a State Superintendent and it had acquired\\nsuch a vigorous existence that it lived with all its machinery\\nperfect, through the four years of exhausting strife, and was\\nsuspended in 1865, on account of the loss of a large part of\\nits vested funds.\\nIt still has considerable resources, independent of taxation,\\nand which the arts of peace will make available; the people\\nof the State are attached to the principle of universal educa-\\ntion, and it is the general purpose to revive the Public Schools\\nand extend their benefits to the children ol every race.\\nThe State has made greater progress in education of all\\nkinds, in the last twenty years, than any of her sisters; and\\nthe reputation of her schools, and the wholesome state of\\nsociety, brought pupils to her Academies and Seminaries from\\nthe whole southern and south-western country.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "(132)\\nNorth Carolina, from her first settlement, has been cele-\\nbrated for the orderly and reliable character of her inhabi-\\ntants; she is known, all over the country, as the good old\\nNorth, and her people are considered in all America to be\\npre-eminent for simplicity of manners, consistency of charac-\\nter, and devotion to principle.\\nThey are slow to move, and firm in purpose; and it is\\nknown that during the late trying contest of arms, the soldiers\\nof this State were among the most steady, brave and moral to\\nbe found on either side.\\nThe State was never factious in politics, and the people\\nnever fond of novelties in morals or manners; but the popu-\\nlation, as a whole, has been distinguished for obedience to\\nlaw, fidelity to engagements, and devotion to peace and order.\\nThese are facts known to history, and familiar to all rea-\\nders of the current literature of the United States; and a\\nsociety so honorably distinguished in the past still maintains\\nits ancient character, notwithstanding the fiery ordeal through\\nwhich the whole American nation has been passing for the\\nlast few years.\\nOrder reigns supreme, and life and property are as safe\\nhere as in any part of the continent; the people are quietly\\nand earnestly devoting themselves to the arts of peace, and a\\nworthy immigrant who comes here from any part of the globe,\\nto join in these avocations, will receive a cordial welcome,\\nand soon find himself at home, and among his friends.\\nINTRINSIC VALUE OF THE SWAMP LANDS OP NORTH CAROLINA.\\nThe public archives, running through a period exceeding\\nhalf a century, exhibit, in regard to the swamp lands, repeated\\nevidences of a high appreciation of their value; and their\\nreclamation has at times engaged the attention of some of the\\nmost eminent citizens of the State, and of the country.\\nIndeed, the utility and vast importance of the undertaking\\nhas undergone such thorough and searching investigations,\\nthat it would be difficult to present any views that would not\\nbe familiar to every intelligent and reflecting man for whom\\nthe subject possesses any interest. The late lamented Hon.\\nEdmund Rufiin, of Virginia, in his sketches of Lower North\\nCarolina, presented to the State, and published by order of\\nthe Legislature, remarks in reference to the region embracing\\nthe lands of the Literary Board: All my observations of this\\ngreat and remarkable agricultural region have brought me to\\nbelieve that I have not known or heard of any other compar-\\nable to it in value. And after making every allowance for\\nthe uncertainty of his grounds, he asserts it as his confident\\nbelief, that a system of drainage and improvement suggested,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "133)\\nwould add hundreds of millions of dollars even to the already\\ngreat value and wealth of this region. 7 Got. Givynn a li.\\nto the Literary Board in 1SG7.\\nDRAINAGE OF THE SWAMP LANDS OP NORTH I UIOLINA EASE\\nWITH WHICH IT CAN BE EFFECTED.\\nThe swamps proper, as heretofore stated, have basin\\nshaped beds, scooped out of the water-glutted sand stratum,\\nwhich underlies nearly all the land of the tide water region.\\nThose basins, being embedded in a material so surcharged as\\nto be impermeable to water, served at first as the matrix or\\nhot-beds for the formation of the vegetable soils of the swamps.\\nThey now serve as receptacles for the down falling rain water,\\nby which they are surcharged and kept so exclusively wet as\\nto be unlit for tillage.\\nThese facts indicate at once the principle of drainage. It\\ncou.sists simply in cutting through the rims of these swamp\\nbasins, and extending ditches into the interior deep enough to\\ndraw off the water which is in excess some feet below and up\\nto the surface, and by thus removing the before constant satu-\\nration, permit the excess of falling rain to sink into the lower\\nearth, and thence pass off below, instead of being kept on or\\nnear the surface.\\nThe striking feature of this plan of drainage, worthy of\\nnote, is, that owing to the perviousness of the soil, no tap\\nditches are required, to drain off the excess of rain water over\\nthe surface, the whole of the surplus sinking through and being\\ncarried off from below.\\nMuch land is cultivated in corn and produces well, of which\\nthe level surface is not more than two and a half feet higher\\nthan the water flowing or standing in the ditches.\\nMr. Ruffin remarks that the ditches dug in this peculiar\\nsoil keep open for a long time, and need less labor for repairs\\nand cleaning out than any seen elsewhere. The diguing is\\neasy, the open texture of the soil and its great depth make it\\ndrain well and far, by lateral percolation, to wherever a lower\\nneighboring outlet is afforded. Beport of Gen. G\\n1867. JRejoorts of Engineers Nash, Shaiv, Brazier and others\\nconfirm these virus.\\nADVANTAGES OF THE SWAMP LANDS FOR GRAZING, C.\\nThe natural pastures are perennial. The open swamps\\nbear reeds in great quantity and which afford abundant\\nexcellent food for cattle through winter and summer.\\nFor cuttle grazing and sheep husbandry Texas only exceed^", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "(134)\\nit in extent of range; but for raising hogs and fattening them\\nalmost without feeding, this portion of the State is greatly\\nand justly valued. Gen. Gwynn s Report of 1867.\\nIn one respect this region differs from others further from\\nthe sea. There is no difficulty in the cultivation of the grasses.\\nIt is evident the climate is more humid, and the sea breezes\\nmoderate the heat sufficiently in summer to favor the develop-\\nment of this family of plants.\\nThere is no doubt, also, that if the attention of planters was\\nturned to the cultivation of grasses, greater profits might be\\nrealized than from the cultivation of maize. It is less expen-\\nsive, and as hay bears a high price in all the villages of this\\npart of the State, and as there is always a communication with\\nthem by water, there can be no doubt that the profits which\\nwould arise from hay-making would considerably exceed those\\nof corn.\\nThe green surface of the shores of the lakes, the yards of\\nthe houses, and the small pasturages, sustain this view. Dr.\\nEmmons.\\nMr. Edmund Ruffin says: Oats, and especially hay, would\\nbe good crops for this humid climate and soil.\\nThere is no better country for grasses east of the mountains.\\nIn small lots, I saw dry meadows of orchard grass and clover\\nthat would have been deemed good in the best grass districts.\\nThe writer adds, the good (and improved) lands are densely\\npopulated by an industrious and thriving people, who entertain\\nno doubt of their occupying the richest land in the world in\\nwhich opinion they are not far wrong.\\nFACILITIES FOR GETTING TO MARKET.\\nIn addition to the peculiar adaptation for agricultural\\nimprovement and profit in the land itself, no known region\\npossesses such great facilities for navigation, and for choice of\\nmarkets.\\nThe whole country is pervaded by broad and deep estuaries\\nnear the sounds; and their head-waters make, with their many\\nbranches, a net-work of natural and still water canals, as deep,\\nas smooth and as sluggish as artificial canals, and free from\\nthe changes of levels and the obstruction of lock-gates which\\naccompany the benefits of canal navigation.\\nSuch great and numerous natural facilities for navigation,\\nas are found in many rivers of this region, are unequalled;\\nand they are excelled by the aid of art only in the canal navi-\\ngation of the Dutch Netherlands. Most of the rivers receive\\ntieir head waters from the swamps: and from meteorological\\nobservation it is shown, that the great swamps receive from\\nthe atmosphere and clouds alone enough water to supply all", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "135\\nthey retain and all they discharge in rivers. The heavy rains\\ndo not speedily pass off as when falling on other lands, and\\nare retained by the absorbent property of the swamp soils no\\nmore than what they cannot imbibe passes off to the small\\nstreams, and that which is retained by the slow process of per-\\ncolation equalizes the supply of the rivers, and keeps their\\nvolume nearly uniform throughout both wet and dry sea-\\nsons. Gen. Gwynn s Report in 18(57.\\nFISH AND FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA.\\nThe abundance, variety and excellence of the fish in the\\nwaters of this region are unsurpassed by the same extent in\\nany part of the Atlantic border.\\nThe herring and shad of Croatan and Albemarle Sounds\\nand Chowan river, are proverbially superior in the Southern\\nmarkets. The seines used in the different fish-\\neries vary in length from 2,200 to 2,700 yards, and are eighteen\\nfeet deep as fished. They are laid out about a mile and a\\nquarter from the shore. Mr. Ruffin says the seine at Steven-\\nson s Point once brought 220,000 herrings at one haul. Ter-\\nrapin and turtle, also, abound in great plenty. Gen. Gwynn s\\nReport in 1867.\\nIt is wholly unnecessary to multiply proofs of a resource so\\nuniversally known and acknowledged.\\nGAME.\\nOnly one illustration will be given of the abundance of profi-\\ntable game in eastern North Carolina. It is from the pen of\\nthe late Edmund Ruffin, of Virginia, venerable, when he\\nwrote, for years, for scientific knowledge, and for his long and\\nuseful devotion to the cause of agricultural improvement.\\nHis statements may seem remarkable to any but those\\nfamiliar with the region referred to but this proves only the\\nwant of general information in regard to the resources of one\\nof the most interesting countries of the world. He says:\\nNor is game less abundant. Its extent is scarcely known by\\nany one out of this region.\\nThere are ducks of various kinds, of which the canvassback\\nis the most esteemed. There are also wild geese and swans.\\nAltogether, they congregate in numbers exceeding all concep-\\ntion of any person who has not been informed. They are\\noften so numerous as entirely to cover acres of the surface of\\nthe water, so that observers from the beach would only see\\nducks and no water between them. These great collections\\nare termed rafts. The shooting season commences in autumn\\nand continues through the winter. The returns in game,", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "3\\n(136)\\nkilled and secured, through any certain time, to a skillful, and\\npatient, and enduring gunner, are as sure as the profits of any\\nordinary labor of agriculture and trade, and far larger profits\\nfor the capital and labor employed. The following particular\\nfacts I learned from the personal knowledge of a highly re-\\nspectable gentleman and a proprietor on the sound, (Curri-\\ntuck,) in Princess Ann. The shooting, (as a business,) on his\\nshores is done only by gunners hired by himself, and for his\\nown profit, and who are paid a fixed price for every fowl\\ndelivered to him, according to its kind, from the smallest or\\nleast prized species of ducks, to the rare and highly valued\\nswan. He has employed thirty gunners through a winter.\\nTie provides and charges for all the ammunition they require,\\nwhich they pay for out of their wages. In this manner, he is\\nobliged to know accurately how much ammunition he gives\\nout; and it may be presumed that the gunners do not waste it\\nunnecessarily at their own expense. In this manner, and for\\nhis own gunners and his own premises only, in one winter, he\\nused more than a ton of gunpowder, and shot in proportion,\\nwhich was more than four tons, and forty-six thousand per-\\ncussion caps.\\nFrom this expenditure along the shore of one large farm\\nonly, there may be some faint conception of the immensity of\\nthe operations, and the results along the shores extending for\\nfull one hundred and fifty miles, and on all of which the same\\nbusiness is regularly pursued.\\nNote bt the Editor. When the foregoing publication was com-\\nmenced, the precise character of the matter corning from so many sources\\nand at different times, was not known. Beginning with the idea of a small\\npamphlet, the valuable information elicited from various contributors, has\\nswelled it to a volume. The proprietors have sought truth and truth only\\nfrom the best sources. The discrepancies in matters of figure and of fact\\nwhich appear in the work, may be charged to the different stand-points\\nfrom which the various contributors viewed the facts before them, and\\nthe various sources whence they derived their information. One proof of\\nthe general truthfulness and correctness of the work, is shown in the sin-\\ngular unanimity of the various writers, thus situated.\\nSome inaccuracies may have escaped the notice of the Editor, in the\\nhurry of its publication. In the statistical account given of Surry county,\\nthe reader will please supply Dobson, in the place of Jefferson, which\\nwas inadvertently put down as the county-seat of Surry.\\nAt considerable expense the proprietors have added a map of the State,\\nwhich will be very acceptable to the reader.\\nArrangements will be made, if a second edition is called for, to render\\nthe work more accurate and thorough.", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "^n^", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1879", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3524", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "guidetocapitalis00nort_0154.jp2"}}