{"1": {"fulltext": "liiiiitMiitiiitiiniiiDsi!\\nnyjituKimiiiiiiiiij\\nIIIIIIIIKillinilui):\\nni|(iuiii\\n.lljJtlW lUlllDl lit IIJIlM\\n!lil l!t III.0 III Ml Hllll.\\nlUililiftjiiiiritibiiiiiiiiij)!!\\njimHKII Iji lit Ml) IllijI\\ni.liirfiiiriiiillit till, iiji 1\\nIfUmHIJMII IHii IIIJII\\ni[(!il!!nml t|iMi lilt\\nnil MH IHilillJj\\niiiitiin III tiiiiii\\n..-.iMiiiiiiil.li !m1}!)\\ni\u00c2\u00bbiiiiiii[!iili;ii liii iJdil)\\niii!)iiii[|i|iili I {lit ii liiiii\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^.iliii illlillinlllll!\\ni hniniiiiiiiiiiiiui\\njl iiiihiiiiijiiiiiiii\\n)l) 11(1 iljl! Ill\\niiiiiiii hull III\\nll|ll Ill lllll\\niiliiMUIIIIIIH lllll\\n(iiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii\\ni|i!t(i!!ili)nii)iiiii!\\nlit FlilllllllllMIIII\\nilli hlUlllMIIIIIIIII\\n.,.,Jll!IH! .llllilinilMl\\nIII Hi)I!llllllllllH;!l!l\\ninti!(illiiii)i cinniiM;\\n:rM)|Hlltlll!l!ll llll |i\\nj i(iili.ii|iii) iinmiii\\niiliiiiHijiniiiiiiifiiii;:^\\nniiiiliiii(iiiiii: Kn,\\niiliiii;iiiiini:niiiiiinii\\nllfU! jlllliUl Mil iiiiiimiii,\\niHuiiiiiitiiuiiiiitiiiii iiifii\\nHIIIIUIIDIIIIIIU\\n,j,,,.-,,,llllil!illll)l\\niliiilihi iiii Uriiiiiiiiiiiii\\n...illimdi iii ln!iiliiiiiii )iiiii|\\nliiriiiiiliii ii.ii iiijjiijiiiiiiiiiiiiil\\nmiitiiiini!ii: .niiiiiiiiiiii)iiiiii\\niijiiti:ni i iiiiiiuiiHiiiiiiu\\nIliil\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0mm\\niiii .ii\\nnilllil lllitllDllinii\\niliHi; iiDiiiijiiiiiii\\nt ItiriiilfiiiiiiiiiiMii\\nlidiiiMiini\\nH!!llllii!i{lili!l\\nIII iiiiinjiiiiiif\\ntUuililllllllDtltllj\\niiiiiiiiiitiiitniMiiiii\\nfnifMllifHI!!!!!\\nI\\nl)IIUViilt)!tiii !!il() ifi ili\\n)l IIIDIMliiMilUll tlllilll)!\\nfliilllilltlitllUllliiilllltlMI\\nHiiilihiriihiiiStim iii\u00c2\u00bb(ii\\nlimiilliltriliiJiiiiHiiiitiii\\nIipipil !!ll! liil 11\\nffiji iniwiliiiHiwIi!!\\ni1|iiu*iu!;\\nI lltJ(i|lllt[lll(lilKlllt HID n\\n)tliM)lill iMiilillilMil iiiiiin\\nII III tillilllllHIIItiil! IIIIIM\\nlilliiilini II\\niliiiiiiiii!\\n1\\niuiliijiii^\\n,,jii!p!{l!i]i!il[iii;\\niliiii iji!j|iH|!i Miniii\\nlIlllMlillDHUtnilUIII?\\nnil iiiir\\nlllllilll\\nII IlllllJlilllllllillll\\nlilliiilliiilllllllli,\\n,.l!l!l!pipi lllli[[i!||l\\nllltllllj\\nlllllllHIMIIIIIlll I\\nItlllllrllll\\n:t!)i)U(iiii\\nIMIIIIIIIII\\nII llilllfilllgllhUtllMIIIItlMlihllltlllMI\\n11 itiijiMJiiiniiiiiniiiitiiiiuiitniimiiiiM\\nii iiiiiiiiliiMliiiif Hi lllllilll)) 11)111111\\n(111 iDinmiiiiliHiDiiiiiiii iiiiiini\\niiniii mil I iHiDiitijii iii iiiiiiiiiii I n\\n!it)i))iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimi iiiiii iiiiiiiiiiniii\\n)!lll))llllllllllll IIMIIIUII llllllDDIIIllll I III\\n1)111)1111111111 IIIIII iiiiiiiiiDiii iiinii nil\\n.Dljlllllllllll IJ)lll lilllllllllllll III II I II\\n,l)llll)Illlltlllll|lll,IIUll II lllllll\\ntllMllll(|lllll llllllilillllllllllll I\\nll illjlllll )lllllll lil i IIIMlDlllllilllllllllll\\nlllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll III lllll\\niiiiiiiiii II )iii)iiiiil)ii!iiiiii iiiiii III ijiiijii\\nllllljllllj |l{IIIIMlill))|lll)in Illlllllllll\\nillDiirill iilllllli)i)ll)il|))llll)lij)l)lllin\\niiiiiDiiiiiiiiDii iniiniiiiiiiMi I\\n)lliiii(i)i))iiiiiifiiiiiriim)iiiiii\\niiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiii null 1 I lllll\\n1 III I I 111 ml I III 111! I II\\nmi mil mimmiiii\\nI mil immiiii in i\\niilimi 1 mm", "height": "3454", "width": "2169", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3327", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3327", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "THE EARLY HISTORY OF RALEIGH,\\nTHE CAPITAL CITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.\\nfl CENTENNIAL RDDRE88\\nDELIVERED BY INVITATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON\\nTHE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE\\nFOUNDATION OF THE CITY,\\nOCTOBER 18, 1892,\\nKemi^ F*. Battle, LL. D.,\\nprofessor of history in the university of north carolina.\\nAND\\nAN ACCOUNT OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION,\\nprei ar);d by the\\nCHAIRMAN OF THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE,\\nAT THE REQUEST OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.\\nRALEIGH:\\nEdwards Brouohton, Printers and Binders.\\n1893.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "L^f\\n-R", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "T a meeting- of the Board of Managers of the Ealeigh\\nCentennial Celebration, held ]^ovember 4, 1892, the\\nfollowing resolutions were adopted\\nRemitted, That the grateful thanks of this Board of\\nManagers be tendered in behalf of the citizens of lialeigh,\\nto Hon. Kemp P. Battle, for the able and scholarly address\\nupon the historic past of Raleigh, in which he has preserved\\nfor us and our children so much of the wit and wisdom of\\nour forefathers.\\nResolved, Tliat Dr. Battle be requested to furnish a copy\\nof his valuable address for publication.\\nThe following gentlemen, on the resolution of the Board,\\nwere aj^pointed by the Chair to prepare and publish a full\\naccount of the Celebration and incidents connected there-\\nwith, and the Centennial Address and Poem\\nC. B. Dexson, T. R. Jernigan,\\nJosEPHus Daniels, R. H. Lewis,\\nW. S. Primrose, J. J. Hall,\\nS. A. Ashe.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "At a meeting of the Committee of Publication, held July\\n12, 1893, the following was presented by a sub-committee of\\nMessrs. W. S. Primrose, S. A. Ashe and K. H. Lewis, M. D.,\\nand adopted by the Committee\\nWhereas, This Committee, appointed to publish an\\naccount of the Centennial Celebration of the City of lial-\\neigh, appreciates most highly the unselfish labor which\\nCapt, C. B. Denson has bestowed on this volume, and\\ndesires to make some fitting recognition of his work\\nResolved, That the thanks of this Committee are hereby\\nespecially tendered to Captain Denson for his valuable ser-\\nvices, so loyally and patriotically rendered the City of Kal-\\neigh, and that this resolution be printed in the volume, as\\nexpressive of our sentiments.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "RALEIGH\\nPRIZE CENTENNIAL POEM.\\nBY MISS MINNIE MAY CURTIS, RALEIGH, N. C.\\nRaleigh noble namesake of a niau of fairest fame,\\nOur fathers chose most wisely when they crowned yon with\\nhis name I\\nAnd his spirit brave, undaunted seemed to nerve them\\nfor the strife\\nFor the earnest, arduous elfort that brought you into life.\\nA hundred years of patience, of weary toil and care,\\nHave yielded a rich fruitage, have reared your structure fair.\\nO noble State be proud and glad rejoice on every side\\nThy queenly daughter celebrates her natal day with pride.\\nLet loving hands delight to iling gay banners to the breeze\\nLet children s happy voices ring beneath the spreading trees\\nLet joyous pteans echo from the mountains to the sea.\\nTo celebrate with gladness our day of jubilee\\nFor all that Science, Art and Skill have br(jught us by the\\nway\\nFor all that makes life sweet and good, we thank thee,\\nLord, to-day\\nFor godly shepherds who have led tlieir Hocks to })astures\\nfair\\nFor skilled physicians who have wrought with never-weary-\\ning care\\nFor statesmen wise, avIio framed our laws with justice and\\nwith truth\\nFor faithful teachers who have trained with earnest zeal our\\nyouth\\nFor- tradesmen in the Inisy mart; for tillers of the soil\\nFor all who l)uilt our city u]) with patient, arduous toil.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "O noble pioneers I who wrought tlirougli long- antl weary\\nyears,\\nWe reap with joyful hearts to-day what you have sown iji\\ntears\\nWe know your happy spirits, in the blissful realms above.\\nAre looking down upon us now in tenderness and love.\\nHushed be the noise of party strife contentions die away\\nThis is a holy festival a glad, yet solemn, day^\\nA day when wrongs should be forgiven, and bitterness\\nshould cease.\\nAnd over all should brood in love the fair, sweet dove of\\npeace.\\nAs God has loved us, let us love let no one dwell apart;\\nLet one broad band of love extend, uniting heart with heart.\\nIn union lies our strength, and we may win yet brighter\\nfame\\nIn years to come, if one in heart, we labor with one aim.\\nSo may our city ever be a steady beacon bright.\\nWhose beams of purity and love shine with far-reaching\\nlight.\\nSo may the nations honor us, and children s children rise\\nTo call our memory blessed, when we ve passed beyond the\\nskies\\nSo may they celebrate with joy another hundred years.\\nAnd garner np with grateful hearts, with happy smiles and\\ntears,\\nA nobler harvest; and with still a greater pride may they\\nPay homage to a glorious and a grand Centennial Day", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTORY.\\nFellow Citizens: Allow me to explain that I have pre-\\npared this address under great disadvantages. In the first\\nplace, my University duties, since the reception of the invi-\\ntation so kindly extended me by the Committee of Arrange-\\nments, have been very exacting. And secondly I have been\\nembarrassed in endeavoring to avoid repeating substantial\\nparts of my centennial address July 4, 1876. I began my\\nwork with the hope that I could cover the whole period of\\none hundred years, but soon found it impossible to do so\\nwithout writing a book instead of an address. I concluded,\\ntherefore, to confine myself mainly to the inauguration of\\nthe city, and to the institutions and leading citizens of the\\nfirst two decades. Even with this limitation I must omit in\\nthe delivery more than half of what I have prepared.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "THE EARLY HISTORY OF RALEIGH,\\nTHE CAPITAL GUY OF NORTH CAROLINA.\\nTHE COUNTY OF WAKE.\\nThe county of Wake dates its birth from troublous times.\\nThe Regulators, whose insurrectionary movements were prin-\\ncipally in the middle counties of the State, had broken up\\ncourts, cruelly beaten officers of the law, and were threaten-\\ning to march on Newbern* and enforce their demands at the\\nrifle s mouth. The Assembly concluded that a state of civil\\nwar existed and determined to coerce the rebels into submis-\\nsion. The militia of the loyal counties were ordered to be\\nembodied. Martial law was virtually declared. The safe-\\nguards of liberty were suspended by the passage of the act,\\napproved by one party as necessary and proper, and stigma-\\ntized by the other as the Bloody Bill. It must have been\\nwith the double design of appeasing the angry feelings of\\nthe disaffected by granting them greater convenience for the\\ntransaction of public business with increased representation\\nin the Legislature, and of lessening the opportunities of gatli-\\nering numbers from wide areas, that four new counties were\\nerected by this Assembly of 1770. From Rowan was cut off\\nthe county of Surry, named after Lord Surrey, a prominent\\nmember of the British Parliament, favorable to the colonies.\\nOrange lost part of her territory to form the new county of\\nChatham, called in honor of the Great Commoner recently\\ntransferred to the House of Peers. From Orange and Rowan\\nwas erected the county of Guilford, in honor of the father of\\nLord North, heir-apparent to the earldom of Guilford, who\\nin the same year entered on his long and baleful service as.\\nPrime Minister. And lastly, from Johnston, chiefly, with\\nslices of Cumberland and Orange, was carved the grand\\ncounty, the capital of which is the city whose centennial we\\nare celebrating to-day.\\nThe royal Governor of that period was a man of striking\\npersonal qualities and of high family connections, William\\nTryon. In a less turbulent time he w^ould have been the\\nI adopt Newbern instead of New Bern or New Berne, because I And\\nthat mode of writing the name most usual in the Acts of Assembly, and because\\nit is so written in the Post-office Directory. Tliere are numerous analogies, e. g.,\\nNewcastle, Newport, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Charleston, etc.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10^\\nbest beloved of all our colonial Governors. There was a\\nCharles Tryon who married the daughter of Earl Ferrers,\\nand I conjecture that he was their son. His wife was a\\nMiss Wake, whose fortune of \u00c2\u00a320,000 ($100,000) entitled\\nher in those days to be called wealthy. She probably was a\\nscion of the noble house of Wake, which a few years before\\nhad given to England an Archbishop, and she was known\\nin our colony as Lady Tryon. Governor Tryon had a sister\\nwho, in our Colonial Records, is styled the Honorable\\nMiss Tryon, so that she was maid of honor to the Queen.\\nLady Tryon s sister, Esther Wake, having the same name as\\none of the Archbishop s daughters, accompanied her to North\\nCarolina, and by her surpassing loveliness of person and ele-\\ngance of manners, possibly set off by her probable possession\\nof a fortune equal to that of her sister, made the hearts of our\\ncolonial legislators palpitate admiringly under their capa-\\ncious waistcoats and frilled shirt-bosoms. It was partly her\\nirresistible appeals which carried the votes of great sums for\\nthe building at Newbern of the finest palace in America for\\nthe Governor s use.*\\nThis palace was finished in 1770, and Governor Tryon\\nand his lady, as representatives of the King and Queen of\\nEngland, sat in arm-chairs in its grandest hall and received\\nthe representatives of the people and the elite of the capital\\nat a brilliant ball given in honor of the completion. Gor-\\ngeous curtseys by the ladies and bows by the men were\\nmade in presence of the viceroy and his fair consort, and\\nstately minuets danced before them in the good old stately\\nstyle. The general admiration and respect culminated in\\ngiving the name of Wake to the new county, whether, in\\nhonor of Tryon s wife, or, as others say, of her sister, it is\\nimpossible now to determine. Probably the married mem-\\nbers had in mind the former, while the bachelors hastened\\nto win a smile from the fascinating Esther by the assurance\\nthat their stentorian Aye on the passage of the measure\\nwas prompted by devotion to her charms.\\nThe reason given in the preamble of the act for the erec-\\ntion of the county is that because of the large extent of\\nJohnston, Cumberland and Orange it w-as grievous and bur-\\nthensome to attend the courts, general musters and other\\npublic meetings. The first corner was at the Edgecombe\\nline on Moccoson swamp, a mile above James Lea s planta-\\n*I follow the generally accepted tradition. The late James W. Bryan contended\\nthat Esther Wake is a myth. He slated that .Judge Gaston so thought. It will\\ngrieve nne if I find evidence which will force me to consign to the realms of fancy\\nso cliarming a lady.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "11\\ntion. The line then ran straight to Neuse river, at the\\nupper end of John Beddingfield s plantation then to David\\nMinim s mill creek between Mimm s mill and Tanner s old\\nmill then the same course continued to the ridge which\\ndivides Cumberland and Johnston counties then a straight\\nline to Orange line, at the lower end of Richard Hill s plan-\\ntation on Buckhorn then the same course continued five\\nmiles then to the corner of Johnston county on the Gran-\\nville line; then with the same line and Bute [now Franklin]\\nline to Edgecomb line to the beginning. Afterwards, in\\n1786, the part lying east of Moccoson swamp was ceded to\\nFranklin. Joel Lane, John Smith (after whom Smithfield\\nwas named), Theophilus Hunter, Farquard Campbell (from\\nhim Cambellton, or lower Fayetteville, w^as called), and\\nWalter Gibson, were appointed Commissioners to survey and\\nmark the boundary lines between Wake, Johnston, Cumber-\\nland and Orange.\\nThe question of the location of the county seat, often left\\nto a vote of the people in our day, was entrusted to seven\\nCommissioners appointed by the General Assembly, the upper\\nhouse of which was composed of the Governor and his Coun-\\ncil. These were Joel Lane, Theophilus Hunter, Hardy\\nSanders, Joseph Lane, John Hmton, Thomas Hines and\\nThomas Crawford. The Commissioners for building the\\ncourt-house and jail were Joel Lane, James Martin and\\nTheophilus Hunter. Judging from the foregoing names, it\\nseems clear that the General Assembly predetermined the\\nsite, because we find that one member of the committee of\\nlocation owned the land where the court-house was built,\\nand certainly two others, his brother Joseph and Theophilus\\nHunter, were owners of adjoining plantations.\\nThe legal union of Church and State, which at this time\\nhad little practical influence on the life of the people, was\\nindicated by constituting the entire county a Parish of the\\nChurch of England under the name of Saint Margaret.\\nThe names of the townships, until 1868 called precincts,\\nof St. Mary, of St. Matthew, of St. Mark, which still survive,\\nare mementoes of this legal union, dissolved forever by the\\nseverance of our political bonds with Great Britain. There\\nwere probably few members of the Church of England in the\\ncounty, as there is no tradition of any chapels or other church\\nbuildings in its limits. With the exception of the Lane family\\nI know of no members of this denomination whose families\\nresided in the county at the date of its erection. Probably\\nthere were a few others.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12\\nWAKE COURT HOUSE.\\nThe ancestors of Joel Lane removed from the Albemarle\\ncountry to Halifax. Thence he with two brothers, Joseph\\nand Jesse, transferred their homes before the Revolution to\\nthe part of Johnston county afterwards Wake. Part of his\\nresidence still stands in the Boylan homestead. The court-\\nhouse was a log building on the hillside in front of his\\ndwelling, probably at the crossing of the roads from New-\\nbern to Hillsboro and from Petersburg to Cross creek, after-\\nwards Fayetteville. The name given to the county seat,\\nBloomsbury, sounds so much like a woman s fancy that I\\nam constrained to be ieve it was selected by the lovely Esther\\nWake and her sister. Lady Tryon. We may surmise that\\nthey intended to transfer to their county the name of the\\npretty hamlet then near London, now a part of that wonder-\\nful city, as Bloomsbury Square, near the British Museum.\\nI love to conjecture that it was their English home. Onr\\nancestors showed scant courtesy in substituting for their\\nchoice the homely Wake Court House. They made\\namends, however, by not erasing from the list of counties\\ntheir name when they inflicted the indignity on Tryon and\\nBute of substituting for the former Lincoln and Rutherford,\\nand for the latter Franklin and Warren. I make bold to\\nsuggest that the title of Bloomsbury Square shall be in this\\ncentennial year restored to the hill on which the old court-\\nhouse was located.\\nAbout the year 1800 a new courthouse was erected on\\nthe Fayetteville street site rectangular, of wood, of the\\nshape of the old-fashioned country meeting-house. This\\nwas sold about 1835, and removed bodily to the southeast\\ncorner of Wilmington and Davie streets, and was for a long\\ntime a family residence, and then Cook s hotel. The brick\\nstructure wdiich replaced it was built in 1835, and remodeled\\nin 1882, at which time the statue of Justice was placed over\\nits front as a guardian and a monitor.\\nTHE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA\\nIN COLONIAL DAYS.\\nIn colonial times the Governor resided at his own home\\nand summoned the General Assembly to meet at some point\\ndeemed by him most convenient. For many years such\\nplace was in the northeastern counties. The earliest of these", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "13\\ntemporary capitals wa^, so far as has been handed down, at\\nthe house of Captain John Hecklefield in the county of Per-\\nquimans. Tlie important Assembly of 1715, tlie first whose\\nfull proceedings are known to us, which, soon after the terri-\\nble trials of the Tuscarora war, showed its hatred of arbitrary\\ngovernment by passing strong resolves against recent despotic\\nacts of the executive and the military officers, met at the\\ndwelling of Col. Richard Sanderson on Little river io the\\ncounty of Perc^uimans. Five years later we find its session\\nheld at the court-house in Chowan, about five miles from\\nEdenton, and in 822, the year of Governor Eden s death, the\\nfair young town, looking out on the placid waters of Chowan\\nbay, named in his honor, was officially established as the seat\\nof government. During Governor Gabriel Johnston s admin-\\nistration the centre of population moved away from tlie Albe-\\nmarle section towards the southwest. The Governor called\\nthe Assembl} to convene in 1738 and 1739 at Newbern on\\naccount of iis central position. He earnestly advocated that\\nthis town should be made the permanent seat of govern-\\nment. The Albemarle counties bitterly opposed this, and,\\nhaving five members to each county, while the others had\\nonly two, for some time regularly voted down all proposals\\nfor the change. At length, in 1746, the Governor appointed a\\nsession at Wilmington during the month of November, when\\nthe inhabitants of Albemarle were busil} engaged in fatten-\\ning and slaughtering and curing and driving to market their\\ncrop of hogs. Their members, a majority of the body, were\\nnot present when the roll was called. According to the pre-\\ncedents of half a century there was no quorum able to trans-\\nact business. Then ensued the earliest and most unblush-\\ning arbitrary tactics ever witnessed in our State. The mem-\\nbers present first voted that fifteen should be a quorum, and\\nthen passed an act reducing the representation of the Albe-\\nmarle counties to two each. Quickly followed an act fixing\\nthe seat of government at Newbern and making it the centre\\nof the court system, the Westminster of North Carolina; and\\nalthough the King disallowed the act, and the Albemarle\\npeople stoutl}^ refused to recognize the laws of the rump\\nAssembly, the practical result was that after the sessions of\\nthe Assembly in 1740, 1741 and 1743 the town of Edenton\\nwitnessed legislative gatherings no more forever. Newbern\\nhad the exclusive honor, with the exception of sessions at\\nWilmington in 174(), 17 4, 1761, 1763 and 1765, and one\\ncalled at Bathtown, now Bath, in 1752, the year of Johnston s\\ndeath.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14\\nOur State provisional revolutionary bodies, called Con-\\ngresses, were held at Newborn, Hillsborough and Halifax,\\nthe latter adopting the Constitution which went into opera-\\ntion on the 23d day of December, 1776.\\nTHE REVOLUTION.\\nThe sessions of the Assembly during the Revolution were\\naffected to a considerable extent by the exigencies of war.\\nThose in 1777 and the first session of 1778, as well as the first\\nof 1780, were held in Newborn. The second session of 1778,\\nthe second of 1780, and those of 1782 and 1783 were at Hills-\\nborough. The third session of the General Assembly of 1778,\\nwhich met in January, 1779, was at Halifax, as was likewise\\nthe second session of 1779. The first of 1779 was at Smith-\\nfield. The first of 1781 was in Wake county, presumably\\nat the court-house. One was appointed for Salem, but a\\nquorum did not attend.\\nAfter the Declaration of Peace the sessions of 1784 were, the\\nfirst at Hillsborough, and the second at Newborn, as was also\\nthat of 1785. That of 1787 was at Tarboro. Those of 1786,\\n1788, 1789, 1790 and the first session of 1793 were at Fay-\\netteville. Those of 1791, 1792 and the second session of 1793,\\nheld in June, 1794, were in Newbern.\\nFrom the foregoing it appears that the first capital of the\\nState was Edenton, and the second practically at Newbern.\\nAs the act of 1746, designating Newbern as the seat of gov-\\nernment, was not approved by the King, the claim of that\\ntown rested on the action of the Governor, who had power\\nto designate tlie places as well as the times of the sessions of\\nthe Assembly.\\nMOVEMENTS FOR A PERMANENT CAPITAL.\\nIt was plainly impossible that the public business could\\nbe properly conducted when the Governor and other State\\nofficers lived at diverse points, when the Legislature migrated\\nwith less regularity than wild birds, and the public records\\nwere scattered about according to the convenience or whims\\nof officers. North Carolina has sufiered sorely in money and\\nreputation from losses of her archives. In 1789 the General\\nAssembly made this humiliating declaration, that it is rep-\\nresented by the agents of the State that many officers and\\nwhole regiments of privates who served in the continental\\nline of this State are not to be found on the musters in the\\nwar or pay-office of the United States, and that no account\\nhas been taken of numerous wagons and teams with which", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "15\\nthe armies of the United States have been supplied by this\\nState, and then orders the Comptroller to search for such\\nmusters among the private papers of the late Governors and\\nof such military officers as may be supposed to have them.\\nIt was the opinion of all our statesmen and well informed\\nmen of the Revolution, and afterwards, that great injus-\\ntice was done to North Carolina in the settlement with the\\ngeneral Government b}^ reason of papers, which would have\\nshown our expenditures for the war, having been lost or\\nhopelessly mislaid.\\nNotwithstanding these evils, there was such a want of\\nhomogeneousness in the State, one part trading with Nor-\\nfolk, others with Petersburg, Richmond, Charleston, Wil-\\nmington, Newbern and Fayetteville, that it was with great\\ndifficulty that a change could be made. The General Assem-\\nblies shrank from preferring one part over another. A con-\\nvention of the people was to be held in Hillsborough in 1788\\nto consider the new Federal Constitution. The General\\nAssembly of 1787, sitting in Tarboro, requested the people to\\ninstruct their delegates to fix on the place for the unalter-\\nable seat of government.\\nIn accordance with this suggestion the Convention of 1788,\\nhaving decided that the Constitution of the United States\\nought not to be adopted without amendments, took up the\\nquestion thus referred to it. After deliberation the majority\\nevidently concluded to adopt as near as possible the\\ngeographical centre of the State, and instructed the General\\nAssembly to provide for the selection of a site within ten\\nmiles of the plantation of Isaac Hunter, in the county of\\nWake. Doubtless other centres were voted for, but the Jour-\\nnal of the Convention cannot be found, and I am unable to\\ngive them. It will be seen hereafter that the AVake county\\ncircle won by a combination of the delegates from the val-\\nleys of the streams flowing into the sounds of Albemarle and\\nPamlico, and that the most formidable opponent was Fay-\\netteville.\\nThis historical tract of Isaac Hunter lies about three and\\na half miles north of our city on what was once the great\\nroad from the North to the South by way of Petersburg,\\nWarrenton, Louisburg, Wake Court House to Fayetteviile,\\nCharleston and other points. The great oaks which prob-\\nably sheltered Isaac Hunter and the guests of his hos-\\npitable home, still stand about one mile north of Crabtree\\nbridge. Within ten miles is a long stretch of Neuse river,\\nand many of the delegates most probably supposed that the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16\\nnew city would possess wharves and shi|)ping, as it was then,\\nand for years afterwards, believed, thai the Neuse could be\\nmade navigable to its Falls, and even beyond to the hills of\\nOrange. Indeed, Hamihon Fulton, a iScotch engineer, em-\\nployed by the State during the canal fever, about 1820, gives\\nit as his opinion that Rileigh can be directly connected\\nwith the ocean by a system of dams and locks from the\\ncrossing of the Faj^etteville road over Rock}- branch. He\\ngives the fall down that stream and Walnut creek to Neuse\\nriver at seventy-four feet three inches, and the distance\\nten miles, four furlongs and eleven rods. He recommends,\\nhowever, in preference to this, tliat the port of Raleigh should\\nbe on the Crabtree at the Louisburg road crossing, estima-\\nting the expense of dams and locks on the creek, and ahorse\\nrailroad from Raleigh to the landing, at S35, 255.- It would\\nbe still better, he said, to have Kaleigh s port on Neuse river\\nwith a six-mile railroad. It is a historic truth that our\\npeople invested money in a Neuse River Navigation Com-\\npany, and succeeded in sending one boat, James H. Murray\\ncaptain, down to Newbern and back. It is not surprising,\\nwith such visions in the air, that the inhabitants of the val-\\nleys of the streams flowing into the Albemarle and Pamlico\\nsounds united in a legislative log-rolling.\\nThe General Assemblies were slow in carrying into eflect\\nthe ordinance of the Convention. There was fierce hostility\\nto the location in Wake. There were charges of trickery and\\nmanagement in securing it. In November, 1788, Willie\\nJones, in the Senate, moved to carry the ordinance into effect.\\nThe bill passed by a vote of 26 to 20. The Journal of the\\nlower house shows that it was received, amended and jiassed\\nits second reading. As it was not ratified, very probably\\nthe opposition understood the trick of killing bills with\\nodious riders, and the friends of the bill not liking the\\namendments allowed it to drop.\\nThe Convention and the General Assembly of 1781) met\\nin Fayetteville at the same time. The adoption of the Fed-\\neral Constitution was of such momentous importance that\\nprobably the failure of the A. =sembly to consider the ques-\\ntion of the seat of government was caused b}^ forgetful n ess.\\nIn 1790 the Assembly, meeting in the satne town, was so\\nevenly divided that the proposition to carry into effect the\\nordinance of 1788 passed the House by the casting vote of\\nStephen Cabarrus, its Speaker, and failed in the Senate by\\nthe casting vote of a Western man, William Lenoir, the\\nSpeaker.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "17\\nThe intensity of the feeling of the friends of Fayetteville\\nwas shown by its struggle to secure the meeting of the fol-\\nlowing General Assembly that of 1791. After a long and\\nclose contest Newborn carried the vote, and the cause of\\nFlora McDonald s town was lost forever.\\nAt this Assembly of 1791 an act was passed to carry into\\neffect the mandate of the people in convention assembled\\nNine Commissioners, not ten, as has been erroneously stated,\\nwere appointed to locate the city and five to erect a State-\\nhouse at a co=t of $20,000. The bill passed the Senate in\\nJanuary, 1792. by the close vote of 27 to 24, and the House\\nby 58 to 53. In the former body Joseph R. Gautier, a promi-\\nnent lawyer. Senator from Bladen, who, by the by, left in his\\nwill a valuable library to the State University, presented a\\nstrong protest, which, with the names of the signers, I give\\nin full, as showing the strength of the feeling on the subject:\\nBecause permanence cannot be insured to a measure carried by so\\ninconsiderable a majority a measure by which the interest of our con-\\nstituents are materially injured\u00e2\u0080\u0094 by which the public g)od is sacrificed\\nto local combinations and personal influence, and against which as men,\\nto ansvver the trust delegated to us, we solemnly protest:\\nBecause although it may be inconvenient and inconsistent with the\\ndignity of this State that its government sliould continue to be ambula-\\ntory, yet in the deternnnation neither economy or policy are consulted\\nthe interest of the most valuable part of the State sacrificed (perhaps for\\njealousy of its importance) by the tyranny of an accidental and most\\ntrifling majority.\\nBecause the precedent of deciding on carrying into effect measures\\nattended with such infinite expense to the country under the sanction of\\nan accidental vote which may be reversed at a day not far distant, is\\npregnant with the most fatal mischiefs, and will in future, as it does on\\nthe present occasion, encoiu age an intrigue in our counsels, and aban-\\ndon the command of the treasury and the control of tlie properties of\\nthe people to the efforts of design, and to the machinations of an inter-\\nested party.\\n[Signed] Joseph McDowell (the elder, of Burke),\\nJohn A. Campbell (of New Hanover),\\nJoseph Hodge (of Orange),\\nDavid Caldwell (of Iredell).\\nKiCHARD Singleton (of Sampson),\\nJ. R. Gautier (of Bladen),\\nF. Campbell (of Cumberland),\\nZebSdee Wood (of Randolph),\\nJoseph Winston (of Stokes),\\nJohn Stewart (of Chatham).\\nJoseph Graham (of Mecklenburg),\\nDavid Gillespie (of Guilford),\\nJoseph Dickson (of Lincoln),\\nThomas Wade (of Anson),\\nJames Turner (of Montgomery),\\nJ. Willis (of Robeson),\\nRichard Clinton (of Sampson),\\nThomas Tyson (of Moore).\\nC. Galloway (of Rockingham),\\nG. H. Berger (of Rowan).", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18\\nThere are strong men in this list. We find Gren. Thomas\\nWade, of Anson, after whom Wadesboro is named General\\nJoseph Graham, father of Governor W. A. Graham; Joseph\\nDickson, Joseph Winston and Joseph McDowell, senior, all\\nthree afterwards members of Congress. If attention is paid\\nto the counties represented by them it will be found that\\nthere are eight in the Cape Fear basin: Bladen, Chatham,\\nCumberland, New Hanover, Randolph, Guilford, Sampson\\nand Moore. Of the others, the following at that day traded\\nalmost exclusively with Fayetteville, townt: Anson, Mont-\\ngomery Robeson, Rowan, Orange, Rockingham and Stokes.\\nThe remaining western counties, Burke, Iredell, Lincoln,\\nRutherford and Mecklenburg, strangely as it may appear to\\nus, traded largely in the same direction. It thus appears that\\nthe contest was on behalf of this good old town, which, on\\naccount of its being the head of navigation of the Cape Fear,\\nwas one of the most important places in our State. Five\\nmeetings of the General Assembly and the Convention of\\n1789, which adopted the Federal Constitution, had been held\\nwithin its limits. It was made a court town of a new\\njudicial district. This same Convention had conferred on\\nit the extraordinary privilege of sending a borough member\\nto the General Assembly. Its citizens and friends had pro-\\ncured charters authorizing the clearing and deepening of the\\nchannel of the Cape Fear from Wilmington to Averasboro.\\nAll road hands living within two miles of the river could be\\ncompelled to this work for twelve days in the year. In 1790\\na charter was granted to make Cross creek navigable. Great\\nmanufacturing enterprises were to be inaugurated. Henry\\nEmanuel Lutterloh was authorized by special law to import\\nfrom abroad capitalists and skilled laborers, who were to be\\nexempt from all taxation for five years. To make the offer\\nstill more tempting, the immigrants were in terms vested\\nwith the perpetual power of erecting their own churches and\\nschool-houses. Lutterloh was authorized by law to raise by\\na lottery $6,000 for the purpose of paying the expenses of\\ntransportation and settlement. Perhaps it is an indication\\nof the confident hope of securing for this commercial and\\nmanufacturing centre the further advantages of the seat of\\ngovernment, that the citizens called the public building, in\\nwhich General Assemblies sometimes met, burnt in the great\\nfire of 1831, which occupied the site of the present market-\\nhouse, the State-house. These facts explain the strong\\nlanguage of Gautier s Protest. It was the beginning of the\\ngreat Eastern and Western contest.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "19\\nELECTION OF COMMISSIONERS OF LOCATION.\\nThe act of 1791 provided for one commissioner of location\\nfrom each of the Judicial Districts, and a ninth from the\\nState-at-large. The following nominations were made\\nFor the Morgan District Joseph McDowell, the elder.\\nFor the Salisbury District Matthew Lock and James\\nMartin.\\nNor the Hillsborough District Thomas Person and Joseph\\nHodge.\\nFor the Halifax District Thomas Blount.\\nFor the Edenton District William J. Dawson.\\nFor the Newbern District Frederick Hargett.\\nFor theFayetteville District Farquhard Campbell, Henry\\nWilliam Harrington, Henry E. Lutterloh and John Willis.\\nFor the Wilmington District .James Bloodworth, Edward\\nJones and .John A. Campbell.\\nFor the Ninth Commissioner Willie Jones, Griffith Ruth-\\nerford and Alexander Mebane.\\nThe following were elected\\nFor IVJorgan District Joseph McDowell, the elder.\\nFor Salisbury District James Martin.\\nFor Hillsborough District Thomas Person.\\nFor Halifax District Thomas Blount.\\nFor Edenton District William Johnston Dawson.\\nFor Newbern District Frederick Hargett.\\nFor Fayetteville District Plenry William Harrington.\\nFor the Wilmington District James Bloodworth.\\nFor Ninth Commissioner Willie Jones.\\nBUILDING COMMITTEE.\\nThe following nominations were made for the Building\\nCommittee of five\\nRichard Benehan, the venerable Judge Williams, John\\nMacon, Robert Goodloe, George Lucas, Nathan Bryan,\\nTheophilus Hunter, William Cain, Wyatt Hawkins, James\\nPorterfield.\\nOf these, Messrs. Richard Bennehan, John Macon, Robert\\nGoodloe, Nathan Bryan, Theophilus Hunter were elected.\\nThe Commissioners for Location will be described hereaf-\\nter. Of the Building Committee Richard Bennehan was of\\nOrange. Coming from Petersburg as a clerk in the country\\nstore of a rich Hillsboro merchant named Johnson, partly\\nby marriage, but mainly by investments from time to time\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Pronounced Wi-ley.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20\\nof his earnings in slaves and in the rich bottom lands of the\\nNeuse and its tributaries, the Eno and Flat, he accumulated\\none of the largest estates in North Carolina. His only\\ndaughter married Judge Duncan Cameron, and at the death\\nof her brother, Thomas I). Bennehan, who never married,\\nsucceeded to all the estates of her father. Richard Benne-\\nhan was a man of boundless hospitality, of large public\\nspirit, one of the early Trustees of the University, of which\\nhe was a generous benefactor.\\nJohn Macon was much trusted by the people of Warren,\\nfor four years a Commoner and ten years consecutively Sen-\\nator. He was a brother of the more eminent Nathaniel\\nMacon, from the same county.\\nRobert Goodloe was a citizen of Franklin, a prominent\\nplanter and builder, whose descendants are among the best\\npeople of Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky. One of them,\\nColonel Green Clay Goodloe, is now a paymaster in tlie United\\nStates Marine Corps. The eminent statesman and lawyer,\\nRobert Goodloe Harper, who had the peculiar honor of\\nbeing elected to Congress from two districts in South Caro-\\nlina at the same time, and who, after marrying a (laughter\\nof Charles Carroll of Carrollton, became one of the leaders\\nof the Baltimore Bar and United States Senator from Mary-\\nland, was a nephew of Robert Goodloe.\\nNathan Bryan had been a member of the Constitutional\\nConvention of 1788, was then Senator from Jones and after-\\nwards a member of Congress.\\nTheophilus Hunter was a brother of the Isaac Hunter who\\nowned the centre of the circle within which the location was\\nto be ma le, and will be hereafter more |)articularly described.\\nLOCATION OF THE CAPITAL.\\nIt has been generally believed that the Commissioners\\nhad unrestricted powers in regard to the new cit} This is\\na mistake. The General Assembly prescribed the width of\\nthe streets, limited the quantity of land to be purchased at not\\nexceeding one thousand acres, and the area of the city at\\nnot less than four hundred acres, and commanded that at\\nleast twenty acres should be reserved for the State house\\nand other public buildings. Tiie compensation of the Com-\\nmissioners was twenty shillings, or $2 per day.\\nOn Tuesday the 20th March, 1792, there assembled at the\\nhouse of Isaac Hunter five of the nine Commissioners, viz.,\\nFrederick Hargett, of Jones; William Johnston Diwsou, of", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "21\\nChowan; Joseph McDowell (the elder), of Burke; James\\nMartin, of Stokes Thomas Blount, of Edgecombe. They did\\nnot organize, but adjourned at once to the house of Joel\\nLane, at Wake Court House. On the next day they began\\ntheir work by viewing the lands which had been offered to\\nthem as suitable sites. On the 22d they were joined by\\nWillie Jones, of Halifax.\\nIt is pleasant to travel on horseback with these worthy\\ncitizens among the gentle hills of Wake, then putting on the\\ngreen loveliness of spring. As the squirrels chattered in the\\noaks and hickories, the rabbits tripped into the broomsedge,\\nthe mocking-birds poured out their mimetic melody, they\\nscanned closely, with woodman s eye, the ridges and streams\\nand level uplands, and discoursed sagely about the prospects\\nof the coming city. And when they reached their place of\\nrepose at night, and refreshed their weary frames with the\\nfragrant toddy and savory beef, venison or mutton, with\\nsmoking biscuit and buttered batter-cakes which the busy\\nhousewife most hospitably set before them, they discussed\\nthe great questions pending in the political world how the\\nFrench Revolution would make all the world free, whether\\nHamilton or Jefllerson in Washington s Cabinet would most\\ninfluence the action of their great chief. And they discussed,\\ntoo, the rising influence of the Democratic Republican party,\\nwhich was destined to destroy the Federalist party and con-\\ntrol the government for many years, and, with wonderful\\nvitality and sanguine expectation of victory, is now reaching\\nout its hands to grasp again the reins of power.\\nThe tracts offered to the commissioners, and which they\\nwere eight days in riding over, not stopping for Sunday,\\nwere\\n1. The land of Nathaniel Jone=, of White Plains, prob-\\nably including the town of Cary.\\n2. That of Theophilus Hunter, senior, on the Fayetteville\\nroad, one mile from his residence, called Spring Hill. This\\ntract is now part of the Bledsoe land.\\n3. That of Theophilus Hunter, junior, two miles south of\\nAVake Court House, now owned by W. G. Upchurch, the\\nCaraleigh company, and others.\\n4. That of Joel Lane, at Wake Court House.\\n5. That of Henry Lane, one mile north of Wake Court\\nHouse, lately belonging to Henry Mordecai, deceased, a de-\\nscendant of Henry Lane.\\n6. That of Isaac Hunter, the center of the circle, now the\\nproperty of the estate of Mrs. Mary Smith Morehead.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22\\n7. That of Nathaniel Jones, still belonging to his heirs,\\nthe home tract of Mrs. Kimbrough Jones.\\n8. That on both sides of Neuse river, at the Great Falls,\\nnow owned by the Raleigh Paper Company, and others.\\n9. That of Thomas Crawford, on the north side of Neuse,\\nthree miles below the Great Falls, now owned by L. C. Dunn.\\n10. That of Dempsey Powell, on south side of Neuse, at\\nPowell s bridge, seven miles of Isaac Hunter, now owned by\\nW. H. Pace.\\n11. That of Ethelred Rogers, on the north side of Neuse\\nriver, at Rogers Ferry, now owned by Mrs. Fabius J. Hay-\\nwood, the elder.\\n12. Those of Michael Rogers, Hardy Dean and John Ezell,\\nadjoining the last tract nearly all of which land now belongs\\nto Mrs. Fabius J. Haywood, the elder, the granddaughter of\\nMichael Rogers.\\n13. That of John Hinton, on the north side of Neuse, one\\nmile below his dwelling-house, late the property of Mrs.\\nBetsey Hinton.\\n14. That of Kimbrough Hinton, on the north side of Neuse\\nnear the eastern part of the circle, now belonging to the heirs\\nof Madison C. Hodge.\\n15. Those of Lovett Bryan and others, on the south side of\\nNeuse, between Crabtree and Walnut creeks, now belonging\\nto the estate of Wm. R. Pool.\\n16. That of William Jeffreys, on the south side of Neuse,\\nopposite Rogers Ferry, still in the hands of the same famil3^\\n17. That of William Jeffreys, on the south side of Neuse,\\nthree miles from Jacob Hunter s, on the road to Powell s\\nbridge, still belonging to the same family.\\nIt is recorded that on the 27th the Commissioners took a\\nsecond view of the lands of Joel and Henry Lane. The prices\\ndemanded for each of the seventeen tracts are not stated in\\nthe report.\\nOn Thursday, the 29th of March, the Commissioners pro-\\nceeded to organize themselves into a Board, choosing unani-\\nmously as chairman the estimable Frederick Hargett, who\\nwas likewise chairman of the Board which selected the site\\nof the University. They then proceeded to ballot for the\\nplace most proper to be purchased. Only three obtained any\\nvote. John Hinton s tract on the north side of the Neuse,\\nnear Milburnie, received three votes; Joel Lane s tract at\\nWake Court-house received two votes; and Nathaniel Jones\\ntract near Cary received one vote. So there was no choice.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "23\\nIt will be noticed that eight of the seventeen tracts offered\\nwere on Neuse river, and of these some were at the points\\nwhere there is water-power. As one-half of the Commission-\\ners on the first ballot expressed their preference for John\\nHinton s land, only one mile from Milburnie, it is clear that\\nthere was considerable expectation in the public mind that\\nthe new city ought to be a manufacturing centre, with some,\\nif not great, navigable facilities. It would be an agreeable\\npastime to go into a conjectural estimate of what would have\\nbeen the development of our city if the Hinton land could\\nhave obtained one more vote.\\nThat vote was not had. The Board adjourned until next\\nday. Willie Jones was a master of the art of persuasion and\\nwas an intimate friend of Joel Lane. Lane himself was a\\nman of influence, who had served the State in the Colonial\\nCongress and as Senator for ten years in succession. Very\\nprobably he offered new inducements as to price. At any\\nrate, on Friday, the 30th of March, a second ballot was taken,\\nwith the result that Wake Court House received five votes, and\\nthe Hinton land received only one vote. Possibly Lane was\\nadversely criticised for his tactics in winning the contest.\\nThere was abundant room for unpleasant talk on account\\nof his entertaining the Commissioners at his house. They\\nwere acting as judges and were certainly, notwithstanding\\ntheir high character, liable to the criticism that they ate the\\nbread of one of the litigants. I cannot find their accounts\\nof expenses, but it is altogether probable that they paid for\\ntheir entertainment. I notice that Lane was Senator from\\n1782 to 1792, both inclusive, but that in the next year James\\nHinton had his place. This is some evidence that the Hin-\\nton famil}^ resented his success in the negotiation and that\\nthe people took their side. If so, the displeasure was evanes-\\ncent, for he was Senator again in 1794 and 1795. The soli-\\ntary supporter of the Neuse river location on the last ballot\\nconsented that the vote should be made unanimous.\\nThe quantity purchased was the maximum allowed by\\nthe law, one thousand acres. The price was thirty shillings,\\nor $3, for the woodland and fresh grounds, and twenty\\nshillings per acre ($2) for the old-field. The fact, now ascer-\\ntained, that there were 756 acres of the former and 244 acres\\nof the old-fields, gives us a striking picture of the wasteful\\nhusbandry of that day. One-fourth of the tract, after being\\ncleared and cultivated, was abandoned because exhausted,\\nand rated at only two-thirds the value of land covered by", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24\\nthe original forest growth. The price of the whole was\\n\u00c2\u00a31,378, or $2,756.*\\nThe surveyor employed was William Christmas, State\\nSenator from Franklin county, who agreed to accept in full\\ncompensation for his services, including six copies of the\\nplan of the city, four shillings, or forty cents currency, for\\neach lot. As there were 276 lots, his pay amounted to $110.40.\\nChristmas had theretofore run the boundary between Frank-\\nlin and Warren counties, and had laid out the town of War-\\nren ton.\\nPLAN OF THE CITY.\\nThe work of the survey occupied four days. The plan\\nwas adopted on the 4th April, the Commissioners assigning\\nnames to the public squares and streets. They gave the\\nname Union to tlie Capitol Square, which is nearly six acres\\nin extent. Four other squares of four acres each they called\\nin honor of the first three Governors of our State under the\\nConstitution of 1776, and of the Attorney General.\\nIn the northwest is Caswell Square, commemorating\\nRichard Caswell, one of the commanders at Moore s creek\\nbridge, the first Governor.\\nIn the southwest is Nash Square, commemorating Abner\\nNash, the second Governor. Doubtless they had in mind\\nalso one of the first martyrs to liberty, his biotlier, General\\nFrancis Nash.\\nIn the northeast is Burke Square, commemorating Thomas\\nBurke, eminent in State and continental legislative bodies,\\nthe third Governor.\\nIn the southeast is Moore Scjuare, honoring Alfred Moore,\\nwho, when barely of age, fought for our liberties, and was\\nthen Attorney General, soon to be elevated to the Supreme\\nCourt bench of the most august judicial tribunal in the\\nworld. The fourth Governor, Alexander Martin, was not\\nhonored by the name of this square, because a street was\\nnamed after his brother.\\nIn naming the streets, the Commissioners first honored\\nthe eight judicial districts into which the State was divided,\\nviz. Those of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Hillsborough,\\nHalifax, Salisbury, Fayetteville and Morgan. f The street\\nleading from the centre of Union Square, perpendicularly\\nthereto toward the north, was called Halifax street; that to\\nthe east Newbern that to the south Fayetteville, and that to\\nThe pound currency equaled 92 at that time and for some years afterwards.\\nfThe Western .Tudiclal District was so called, although the court town was Mor-\\ngan Town, now Morganton.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "25\\nthe west liilLbnrough. These are 99 feet, all the others are\\n66 feet wide, their width being prescribed by the Act of 1791.\\nThe streets running east and west along the north and\\nthe south side of Union Square, were called, respectively,\\nEdenton and Morgan. Those running north and south\\nalong the east and the west side were called, respectively,\\nWihnington and Salisbury.\\nThe other streets, with the exception of those most remote\\nfrom Union Square, which being the boundary streets, were\\ncalled North, East, South and West, were named, firstly,\\nalter the nine Commissioners on Location. This left four\\nstreets. In naming them the Commissioners concluded to\\ncompliment the Speaker of the Senate, William Lenoir; the\\nSpeaker of the House, Stephen Cabarrus; the former owner\\nof the land, Joel Lane, and lastly, General William Rich-\\nardson Davie. Why Davie was selected for this honor over\\nother great men of the day we can only conjeciure. My\\nopinion is clear that it was the work of his townsman, the\\nvery influential Willie Jones. Davie was ah active mem-\\nber of the Convention of 1788, and of the General Assembly\\nof 1791, and was a friend of the movement for a permanent\\ncapital.\\nWe thus have parallel to Edenton and Morgan streets,\\nnorth of the Capitol, Jones and Lane; to the south, Hargett,\\nMartin, Davie, Cabarrus and Lenoir. Parallel to Wilming-\\nton and Salisbury are, to the east, Blount, Person and Blood-\\nv^^orth to the west, McDowell, Dawson and Harrington. All\\nthese are notable names in our State history, and their own-\\ners must have a brief notice.\\nSHORT BIOGRAPHIES OF COMMISSIONERS, Etc.\\nThe nine commissioners were\\n1. Willie Jones, of Halifax, the leader of the Anti-Feder-\\nalists, a member of the Provincial Congress at Newbern in\\n1774, chairman of the Committee of Safety in 1776, and,\\ntherefore, virtually Governor; a member of the Continental\\nCongress in 1780-81, often Senator and Commoner in the\\nState Legislature; so fearful of the loss of the rights of the peo-\\nple, that he refused to accept a seat in the Constitutional Con-\\nvention of 1787 at Philadelphia, and led the party in the State\\nConvention of 1788 opposed to the adoption of the Federal\\nConstitution. Although no orator, he was a most adroit\\nparty leader. He eventually removed to Wake county,\\nbuying the plantation now owned in part by the St. Augus-\\n2", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26\\ntine Normal School, aud is buried on this place, without a\\nstone to mark his resting-place.\\n2. Frederick Hargett, chairman, then and for many years\\nSenator from Jones a colleague of Abner Nash, who was in\\nthe House of Commons.\\n3. James Martin, a fighting colonel of militia in the Revo-\\nlution, who had participated in the movement which led to\\nthe victory of Moore s Creek Bridge, was with Rutherford in\\nthe expedition which crushed the Cherokees in 1776, was\\none of the militia who stood their ground and helped cripple\\nCornwallis at Guilford Court House, and was with his old\\ncommander, Rutherford, in the Wilmington expedition in\\n1781. After the war he was a trusted legislator from Stokes.\\nHis brother, Nathaniel Martin, of Guilford, was then Gov-\\nernor, unanimously elected, having likewise held that office\\nduring the war. From the Governor s chair he was elected\\nto the Senate of the United States. His services to his country\\nwere of such high order that posterity must forgive him for\\nwriting rhymes, which he called poetry. The deed from\\nJoel Lane for the land purchased for the capital was to him\\nin trust for the State.\\n4. Thomas Blount, a Revolutionary officer, elected to the\\nNational House of Representatives the same year, afterwards\\nSenator from Edgecombe. His wife was the only daughter\\nof General Jethro Sumner, who gave her the name of Jacky\\nSullivan, probably after General John (or Jack) Sullivan of\\nthe Revolutionary army. After reaching years of discre-\\ntion she changed this name to Mary Sumner, and, doubtless\\nbecause her husband was so intimatelv associated with the\\ncity of Raleigh, she bequeathed a considerable sum for build-\\ning Christ (Ep iscopal) Church in the city. Thomas Blount\\nwas of an eminent family. His father, Jacob Blount, of\\nBlount Hall in Pitt, was a member of the Provincial Con-\\ngress during the Revolutionary struggles. Of his sons, AVil-\\nliam Blount was a member of Congress of the Confederacy,\\nand as member of the Convention of 1787 signed the Fed-\\neral Constitution. He was afterwards Senator of the United\\nStates aud Governor of Tennessee. John Gray Blount, who\\nwas also in the Revolutionary army, was a useful member\\nof the Legislature and one of the largest landowners in the\\nState; Major Reading Blount was a Revolutionary officer and\\nlikewise a member of the Assembly, and Willie Blount was\\nGovernor and Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee.\\nThe very promising LTniversity student whom we recently\\nfollowed sorrowingly to your cemetery, Lawrence Branch", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "27\\nJones, and also bis uncle, William Augustus Blount Branch,\\nmember of Congress from the first district, are lineal descend-\\nants of Jacob Blount.\\n5. Thomas Person, the wealthy S3 mpathizer with the Regu-\\nlators, as long as they adopted lawful measures for the\\nredress of their grievances, was a general of militia in the early\\nRevolution, a trusted legislator from his native Granville, a\\nbenefactor of the University. After him a county is named,\\nas well as a Hall at the University, the first chapel of the\\ninstitution.\\n6. James Bloodworth, who had many times represented New\\nHanover in the House of Commons, was afterwards IState\\nSenator. He was a son of Timothy Bloodworth, a gunmaker,\\nwho attained the dignity of Speaker of the House of Com-\\nmons, a delegate from our State to the Confederate Congress,\\na representative in the Congress of the Union, a Senator of\\nthe United States. It has been generally believed that the\\nfather was the Commissioner of Location, but the record\\nshows otherwise.\\n7. Col. Joseph McDowell, the elder, of Quaker Meadows,\\nis to be distinguished from Captain Joseph McDowell, junior,\\nof Pleasant Garden, his cousin and a ph3 sician. Both of\\nthem served against the Cherokees under Rutherford, shared\\nin the victories of Ramsour s mill, of King s mountain and\\nof Cowpens both were often members of the Legislature\\nfrom Burke; both were members of Congress, taking active\\npart against the Alien and Sedition Laws; both were leaders\\nof the anti-Federalist party in the West, and resisted in the\\nConvention of 1778 the immediate and unconditional ratifi-\\ncation of the Federal Constitution both were in the Con-\\nvention of 1789, but divided in their votes, the elder still\\nadhering to his opposition. Joseph McDowell, the elder,\\nbrother of General Charles McDowell, of Quaker Meadows,\\nand afterwards of John s river, was the Commissioner. He\\nwas, in 1792, Senator from Burke; his cousin, of Pleasant\\nGarden, now in McDowell county, being at home. I will\\nadd that he left only two daughters, who removed to Vir-\\nginia, and that no descendants of his name survive. The\\nparallelism of the lives of these two worthy men has led to\\ngrievous entanglement b} the annalists, and we are indebted\\nto Judge A. C. Avery of the Supreme Court for most careful\\nwork in distinguishing them.\\n8. William Johnston Dawson, of Chowan, son of Colonel\\nJohn Dawson and Penelope Eden, daughter of Governor\\nGabriel Johnston, repeatedly in the State Legislature, was a", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28\\nmember of Congress, a man of refinement and culture and\\nof great influence in the Albemarle country.\\n9. Henry William Harrington, an officer of influence in\\nthe Revolutionary struggle, was a member of the Legislature\\nfrom Richmond county, a planter of immense estates and\\nbaronial style of living. His son, of the same name, was a\\nmember of the Convention of 1835, and lived on his 13,000-\\nacre estate on the Pee Dee, amid his cotton fields, and his\\nslaves, and his tine horses, his deer, foxes and wildcats, like\\na fine old English gentleman all of the olden time.\\nThese were the Commissioners. Streets were likewise\\ncalled, as I have said, in honor of\\n1. William Lenoir, Speaker of the Senate, a hero of King s\\nMountain, and of other important Revolutionary campaigns,\\nwhose name is likewise athxed to an eastern county and a\\nwestern town, the first president and last survivor of the\\nsixty eminent men who constituted the first Board of Trus-\\ntees of the University of North Carolina.\\n2. Stephen Cabarius, an immigrant from France, with the\\ncourtesy and polish characteristic of that country. Speaker\\nof the House of Commons for years, greatly beloved, not\\nonly by the people of his adopted county, Chowan, but by\\nthe whole State. His name is perpetuated by one of the\\nrichest counties, as well as by this street in the capital.\\n3. Joel Lane, who deserved the honor not only because he\\nwas the owner of tfie site, but because of his military ser-\\nvices as colonel of militia, and his faithfully representing\\nthe county of Wake in the Colonial Assemblies, the State\\nCoiigresses and tJje State Senate, of unbounded hospitality\\nand winning personality, whose ancestors had been useful\\ncitizens in the Albemarle country and then in Halifax. The\\ngrandsons of his brother, Jesse Lane, became eminent in\\ndistant States. General J( seph Lane was Federal Senator\\nfrom Oregon, and candidate for the Vice-Presidency on the\\nBreckinridge ticket; Henry S. Lane, Governor and Federal\\nSenator of Indiana, and George W. Lane was District Judge\\nof the United States for Alabama. Joel Lane s descendants,\\nthrough his son Henr}^ two of whose daughters married\\nthe eminent lawyer, Moses Mordecai are still among us.\\n4. Lastly, there was William Richardson Davie, a gallant\\ncavalry officer, then at the special request of General Greene\\nundertaking the arduous task of feeding his army as Com-\\nmissary General, but with the stipulation tliat if he should\\nbe present at a battle he might engage in active conflict.\\nAfter the war an eloquent and successful lawyer, a strong", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "29\\nadvocate of the education of the people, bringing into life\\nthe dormant clause of the ConsLituiion which requires one\\nor more universities of the State, and hence earning the\\nhonorable title of Father of the University. He was for\\nyears a member of the Slate Legislature. At the time of the\\nlocation of our city he was, as one of our North Carolina\\nCommissioners, engaged in running our southwestern boun-\\ndary line from a point on the great road leading from\\nCharlotte to Camden, near the Waxahaw creek, as far as the\\neastern boundary line of the territory ceded by the State of\\nNi rth Carolina to the United States. He was one of the\\ndelegates from North Carolina to the Constitutional Conven-\\ntion of 1787 and in the State Conventions of 1788 and of\\n17b9, he was an ardent advocate of the ratification of the\\nFederal Constitution. He was afterwards Governor of the\\nState, and, on the prospect of a war with France, was ap-\\npointed by President Adams a Brigadier General in the\\nArray of the United States. He was selected by the Presi-\\ndent as one of the three special envoys to France who suc-\\nceeded in averting the war.\\nI have been thus minute in describing those whose names\\nare prominently connected with theinauguration of our city,\\nbecause it is of great importance that our people shall\\nkeep in mind their virtues, and recognize that we have\\nsomething in our past history to be proud of. Reverence\\nfor the past tends to make its possessor f)urer and better. I\\nthink all Raleigh children should be taught these facts as\\nan essential part of their education. The rulers and teachers\\nof powerful and conquering nations have deemed it wise to\\nstimulate State pride in their citizens by inventing legends of\\nthegreatdeedsof prehistoricfounders. Rome had her Romu-\\nlus, Athens her Theseus, Sparta her Heracles and so with\\nall the notable cities of antiquity. It is the g:ood fortune of\\nour city to have founders whose virtues and patriotic acts\\nare recorded in truthful history. Let us give them the\\nabundant honor which is their due, and our children will\\nbe stimulated to imitate them.\\nThe feeling of pride which we should have on account of\\nour city s beginnings being associated with such excellent\\nmen, should be heightened by reflecting on the brilliant\\nsoldier, statesman and man of letters. Sir AValter Raleigh,\\nafter whom the city was named. It is true that he did not\\nset foot on our soil. It is true that his designs s^em to have\\ncome to naught, his vast expenditures wasted, that the cor-\\nner-stone of the projected city of Raleigh on the distant", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30\\nRoanoke Island was never laid, and only mournful memo-\\nries are associated with his efforts at colonization, yet the\\ngreatness of his aims, his sacrifices and his splendid virtues,\\nmerit this honor. He was not faultless, but it is fortunate\\nthat our city s name should bring to our mind one of the\\nnoblest and most accomplished knights of his age.\\nDETAILS OF THE PLAN.\\nReverting to the original plan of the city we find that,\\ncounting the two boundary streets, there are from north to\\nsouth 12 streets, of which 11 are G6 feet wide and one 99 feet;\\nfrom east to west there are 11 streets, of which 10 are 6(j feet\\nwide and one 99 feet. From north to south there are 18 one-\\nacre lots; from east to west 16 one-acre lots. Including the\\nboundary streets, the city was 4,581 feet from north to south,\\nand 4,097t from east to west, supposing that the lots are 208f\\nfeet square. If the lots are 210 feet square, as they are\\nusually estimated, then the distance is north to south 4,605\\nfeet, east to west 4,059.\\nThe plan was not, however, a perfect rectangle. Between\\nLane and North streets at the northeast and northwest cor-\\nners were left out three lots of one acre each, and between\\nLenoir and South streets, at the southeast and southwest cor-\\nners, were left out three lots of one acre each, or a total of\\ntwelve acres. There were, therefore, only ten lots fronting on\\nNorth and ten fronting on South street. Our sagacious found-\\ners by this arrangement intended to provide, in addition to\\nthe five public squares established bv them, that when future\\nextensions of the city limits should be made there should\\nbe four other squares or little parks for playgrounds for chil-\\ndren, for flowers and trees and fountains. When afterwards\\nthe General Assembly ordered sales of land outside the old\\ncity limits, the plan of leaving these areas open for public\\nrecreation grounds was adhered to. It was reserved for the\\nmen of the last forty years, who think, because they have\\ntravelled on railroads and talked through wires, that they\\nare far wiser than their forefathers, to close the southwest\\nreservation with an asylum, and to sell the others for build-\\ning-lots.\\nThe lots are numbered as follows, starting with No. 1, the\\nextreme southeast lot, between South and Lenoir streets then\\nrunning regularly west to No. 10, inclusive; then returning.\\nNo. 11 is the extreme southeast lot, adjoining Bloodworth,\\nEast and Lenoir; then the numbers run regularly to West", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "31\\nstreet, the last being No. 26 beginning again witli No. 27 at\\nthe eastern end of Cabarrus street north of No. 11, and so on\\nfrom east to west regularly sixteen numbers in each tier until\\nLane street is passed, there being only ten numbers north of\\nLane, as there are ten south of Lenoir.\\nUnion or Capitol Square does not interfere with this sys-\\ntem of numbering, there being a square numbered acre in\\neach corner with the width of Fayetteville and Hillsboro\\nstreets added.\\nAll the public squares are four acres each, except Union,\\nwhich is about six acres. All the private squares are four\\nacres each, except those along Hillsboro and Newbern streets\\non both sides, those along Llalifax and Fayetteville streets\\non both sides, and those along North, East, South and West\\nstreets-, which are not, mathematically speaking, squares, but\\nrectangles of two acres each. The acres as laid out by surveyor\\nChristmas were each 208| feet square, the true acre, but the\\nconventional acre of 210 feet square has been adopted practi-\\ncally. This departure and the variation of the compass\\nsince 1792 have caused considerable confusion in the bounda-\\nries of lots and streets.\\nIn 1867 Governor Worth, Secretary of State Best, Treasurer\\nBattle and Auditor Burgin, then having the public property\\nunder their charge, employed General Walter Gwynne, the\\neminent civil engineer of tiie North Carolina Kailroad Com-\\npan} to make a survey and draw a map showing the boun-\\ndaries of the land then owned by the State. His assistant\\nwas a very competent surveyor, a citizen of Raleigh, Mr.\\nJohn W. Johnson. They found, as also did Mr. Feudal\\nBevers, County Surveyor, that the city of 1867 did not ex-\\nactly correspond with the plan of 1792, there being many\\nencroachments on the streets. As, however, these streets\\nhave been wide enough to accommodate all using them for\\npleasure or business, the city authorities have not seen fit to\\nresist these encroachments.\\nThe Commissioners made their report to the General As-\\nsembly of 1792 and it was adopted. It was enacted that\\nthe several streets represented in the plan, and the public\\nsquare whereon the State-house is to be built, shall be called\\nand forever known by the names given to them respectively\\nby the Commissioners aforesaid. It was also enacted that\\nthe other Jour public squares shall be called and known by\\nthe names of Caswell, Moore, Nash and Burke squares, but\\nthe names were not made irrepealable.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32\\nThe plan of the city thus laid out and adopted by the\\nGeneral Assembly continued unchaneed lor over sixty years.\\nBy the General Assembly of 1856-57 the corporate limits\\nwere extended one-fourth of a mile each way. Within this\\nnew part other streets have been opened, e. g., in the eastern\\npart Swain street, after David L. Swain, who held the posts of\\nlegislator, Solicitor, Judge, Governor, and then spent over\\none-third of a century in training the young men of the\\nSouth, as President of the University Linden avenue, a fancy\\nname. West of the Capitol, Boylan street, after William Boy-\\nIan, who will be particularly mentioned, hereafter Saunders\\nstreet, after Romulus M. Saunders, long a public servant as\\nmember of our General Assembly and of Congress, Judge\\nand Minister to Spain. North of tlie Capitol are Peace street,\\nafter William Peace, a leading merchant for many years,\\nafter whom Peace Institute is named Johnson street, after\\nAlbert Johnson, connected with the Raleigh and Gaston\\nRailroad from its completion to a few years ngo, as engineer,\\nsuperintendent of shops- and su|)erintendent of the road\\nPolk street, after Col. William Polk, who will be specially\\nmentioned liereafter. South of the Capitol are Smithfield\\nstreet, after the town of Smithfield; Cannon street, alter Robert\\nCannon, once a leading citizen, owner of the land through\\nwhich it runs; Manly street, after Charles Manly, Governor,\\nand for manv years identified with the University as its Sec-\\nretary and Treasurer; Fowle, after our distinguished Gov-\\nernor, whose sudden death was such a shock to our State;\\nBlake street, after John C. Blake, a Commissioner and Pugh\\nstreet, after John Pugh Haywood.\\nFIRST SALES.\\nThe same Commissioners who located the city made the\\nfirst sale of lots, one acre each. All but forty-two found\\npurchasers. Most were apparently bought on speculation\\nby men who did not intend to become citizens. Of the Com-\\nmissioners, Blount became purchaser of four lots, Timothy\\nand James Blood worth seven, W. J. Dawson one, Joseph\\nMcDowell three, Frederick Hargett one, James Martin one,\\nwhile Willie Jones became the owner of fifteen acres of the\\nnew city, though not all in one body. Joel Lane regained\\nsix acres of his former land. William Richardson Davie\\nbought four, Governor Martin and the Speaker of the House,\\nMr. Johnson was the first engineer of the Tornado, one of the earliest engines\\nof the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, and upon the occasion of the Centennial of\\nOctober ISth, 1892, he gallantly rode with the reproduced Tornado in the parade.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "33\\nCabarrus, bought one each. Samuel Ashe, Benjaiuin Smith,\\nDavid Stone, and Gabriel. Holmes, all destined to be Gov-\\nernors, and John Baptist Ashe of Halifax, elected Governor,\\nbut dying before inauguration, became owners of one or two\\nlots each. John Craven, the Comptroller, and John Hay-\\nwood, the Treasurer, purchased two lots each, but built\\nhouses on others bought afterw;irds. The dwelling built\\nby Treasurer Haywood on the k.t owned by his son, Dr.\\nE. Burke Haywood, is the only house still owned and occu-\\npied by the family of the original builder. It is in accord-\\nance with the instability of the ownership of landed prop-\\nerty in America that the only lots owned by the heirs of the\\noriginal purchaser are numbers 140, 141, loH, and 157,\\nbought b} Richard Bennehan. Davie purchased the square\\nof four acres now the residence of Dr. T. D. Hogg. The\\nsquare now occupied by the Agricultural building became\\nthe propert} of Thomas E. Sumner, son of General Jethro\\nSumner; the site of the Federal court-house and post-ofhce\\npassed to Timothy Bloodworth that occupied by the Yar-\\nborough house and the court-house lot opposite to Theophi-\\nlus Hunter. Numbers 138 and 154 were reserved as State\\nbrickyards, in analogy to the Tuilleries (or tile yards) of Paris,\\nthough no grand palace was built on them. All the lots\\nsouth of Cabarrus street, forty-two in number, were returned\\nunsold. The report of the Commissioners cannot be found,\\nand is not printed in the legislative journals, but our very\\nefficient State Librarian, J. C. Birdsjng, has recovered an\\nold map with prices marked on it. I give those of some\\nprominent lots.\\nThe square on which Dr. Hogg lives, bought by General\\nDavie, brought $254 for the four acres the two lots front-\\ning on Burke Square cost him $66 and $68; the two others\\nonly $60 each No. 211, on which the Agricultural building\\nand Supreme Court building are situate, brought \u00c2\u00a313 L 10s.,\\nor $263; No. 162, the acre on the southeast corner of Fay-\\netteville and Morgan street, next Union Square, brought\\n$232. This was very soon the site of Casso s tavern. The\\nacre opposite where the Young Men s Christian Association\\nhome stands, $222. No. 227, the next to the Agricultural\\nbuilding on the north brought only $92. Lot No. 79, where\\nColonel W. J. Hicks resides, brought $79.\\nI was painfully surprised in comparing the map of 1834\\nwith that of 1793 to find that nearly all the lots had changed\\nowners. The only exceptions were those belonging to the\\nheirs of Richard Bennehan, a half lot to W. T. Lane, a half", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34\\nlot to Theophilus Hunler, one lot to the heirs of Lane, and\\none, bought by Dempsey Blake, in the hands of Susannah\\nBlake. Not one of these owners, except possibly the last,\\nbecame residents. There is a tradition that most of those\\nwho thus speculated on the early prosperit}^ of this city on\\npaper lost money on their ventures. The following trans-\\nactions in our real estate will show the truth of this conjec-\\nture In 1801 one quarter of an acre, part of No. 163, on\\nFayetteville street, the business part of the city, sold for $60.\\nA lot opposite, fronting 21 feet and running back 60 feet,\\nbrought $165. Away from Fayetteville street the prices were\\nlower. The Wm. Dallas Haywood lot brought $60 per acre.\\nThere were other sales of eligible sites for homes as low as\\n$50 per acre.\\nSALES OF 1813.\\nThe main body of the 600 acres of land retained after the\\nfirst sale lay to the east of Raleigh. There were fragments\\nlying to the south, west and north of the old corporate limits.\\nFor the purpose of providing better accommodations for the\\nGovernor, who had occupied a plain residence of wood on\\nthe lot where the Raleigh National Bank now stands, the\\nGeneral Assembly of 1813 ordered the sale of those portions\\ndescribed as extending from Sugg s branch on the southeast\\nof the city, all south around the Palace lot and west to the\\nextreme northwest of the city, comprising about 184 acres.\\nIt seems strange that this action should have been taken\\nwhile the war of 1812 was raging. The prices, as might be\\nexpected, were low. Eight acres at the end of Fayetteville\\nstreet were reserved for the Governor s house. Other reser-\\nvations were the Rex spring near the Raleigh and Gaston\\ndepot, the spring near the Governor s Mansion, and that near\\nthe Colored Deaf and Dumb Asylum.\\nIt was at this sale that John Rex, the tanner, a worthy citi-\\nzen, bought for $481 15| acres of the land in the southwest\\npart of the city devised by him with other property for an\\ninfirmary or hospital for the sick and alHicted poor of the\\ncity of Raleigh. This is only about $31 per acre. The Com-\\nmissioners entrusted with the sale were Henry Potter of\\nRaleigh, a lawyer, afterwards Judge of the District Court of\\nthe United States; Henry Seawell, who will be described\\nhereafter; William HintoQ, often Senator from Wake, and\\nNathaniel Jones of Crabtree, often Senator and Congressman;\\nTheophilus Hunter and William Peace.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "35\\nThe proceeds of sale were devoted to the building, under\\nthe superintendence of one Calder, as architect, of the Gov-\\nernor s Mansion at the foot of Fa3 etteville street, which was\\nafterwards in 1876 sold to the cit} of Raleigh, and the bricks\\ncomposing it were used in the construction of the Centennial\\nGraded School. Although outwardly plain and inwardly\\nuncomfortable, it was considered grand on account of the\\nmagnitude of its halls and chambers, and was, therefore, in\\nimitation of Tryon s residence, burnt in 1798, styled The\\nPalace. The first occupant was Governor William Miller,\\nof Warren, who had an unenviable notoriety for recklessness\\nin the pardon of criminals. Senator Badger told me of this\\nwith strong disapproval. He added that Dr. John B. Beck-\\nwith, father of Bishop Beckwith of Georgia, for many years\\na most skilful physician of Raleigh, afterwards of Peters-\\nburg in Virginia, denounced in the strongest language the\\nrecent pardon of a vicious criminal convicted of a capital\\nfelony. Well, said Badger, your views are correct, Doc-\\ntor, but you have no right to complain. I saw your name\\nsigned to the petition for executive clemency. 1 refused to\\nsign, and I have the right to complain. I admit that I\\nsigned it, said the Doctor, but I did not think that Gov-\\nernor Miller would be such a fool as to pay any attention to\\na petition.\\nSALES OF 1819.\\nIn 1819 live Commissioners were appointed to sell all the\\npublic lands remaining unsold, except a tract not exceeding\\ntwenty acres to be reserved for the rock quarry, and except the\\nreservations at the corners of the city. The first Commissioner\\nnamed was Duncan Cameron, long one of the most influen-\\ntial men in the State as lawyer, judge, legislator, bank presi-\\ndent, planter, then a resident of Orange. The others were\\nJohn Winslow, the Commoner from the borough of Fayette-\\nville; Joseph Gales, who will be particularly described Wil-\\nliam Robards of Granville, the State Treasurer, and Henry\\nPotter, already mentioned. The Mordecai Grove, as it\\nwas called for many years, northeast of the city limits, owing\\nto the spirited competition between Moses Mordecai, the suc-\\ncessful bidder, and Col. William Polk, brought the unheard\\nof price of 100 per acre. The lots near the city on the east\\nand southeast averaged about $50 per acre.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36\\nthe; first state-house.\\nThe proceeds of the sales of 1792 were used in building the\\nfirst State house, as it was called in the Act of Assembly, the\\nname taken from the United States of Holland. The more\\nambitious term Capitol was not adopted until 1832. The\\narchitect was Rhody Atkins. The bricks were made in the\\nState yards, Nos. 138 and 154, and burnt with wood cut from\\nthe State forests The maximum cost fixed by the Assembly\\nwas $20,000, and this amount probably was sufficient for the\\nrude brick structure, whose barnlike, dingy, reddish walls\\nloomed up among the primeval oaks, and was really for\\noccupancy two years later. In November, 1794, the General\\nAssembly met in it for the first time. Richard Dobbs Spaight,\\nthe elder, was the Governor, the same who eight years after-\\nwards was slain in a duel by John Stanly.\\nThe old State-house was smaller than the present structure,\\nbut the arrangement of the interior was about the same.\\nThe exterior was as plain as a gigantic dog-kennel, but\\nit is doubtful if any building in our State ever served so\\nmany uses or gave as much genuine pleasure. As there was\\nno other public hall in the city, the authorities were gener-\\nous in opening its passages below and halls above for Fourth\\nof July dinners, theatrical performances, dancing balls, and\\nthe religious congregations of all denominations. Many a\\nside has been split with laughter, many a throat made\\nhoarse with patriotic singing and furious shouting, many a\\nhead made to swim with Fourth of July brandy and rum,\\nmany a heart transfixed through and through by the dart\\nof the God of Love, many a fantastic toe has been tripped\\nin the jocund jig and lively reel, many eloquent speeches or\\nsermons uttered by zealous legislators or preachers burning\\nwith missionary zeal, in that homely old building. It was\\nthe people s house and the people were allowed to use it.\\nThe net proceeds of the sales of 1819 were used in im-\\nproving this structure. A skilled architect, Captain William\\nNichols, was employed. He disguised the ferruginous ugli-\\nness of the walls with stuccoed imitation of granite. On\\nthe centre of the roof a shapely dome was raised. Over the\\neast and west doors were placed handsome porticoes The\\ninterior received touches of ornament. The commissioners\\nhad the nerve and the love of art to order from the great\\nCanova one of his grandest statues, in Carrara marble, of the\\nFather of our country. It was brought by water to Fayette-\\nville, and thence by sixteen or twenty-mule power to Raleigh.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "37\\nIt was escorted into the city in grand style by the Raleigh\\nBlues, their color-bearer perched on the monument, and\\nenthusiastically waving his flag.\\nIt was placed in the rotunda under the dome. It was a mat-\\nter of deepest pride that the eminent Marquis de LaFayette,\\nwho with chivalric devotion had left his young wife and the\\ndelights of a luxurious home, together with the certainty of\\nhigh places at court, and had fought under the eye of Wash-\\nington for the liberties of a struggling people, who had then\\nstriven vainly, but with the admiration of the world, to pro-\\nvide for France constitutional freedom without bloody\\nanarchy, who had in his old age come to visit the grateful\\npeople whom he had helped to self-government, had stood\\nat the base of Canova s statue and praised its workmanship\\nand its resemblance to its great original. It is fortunate-\\nthat we have here to-night an engraving of the scene. The\\nlady with him is the late very accomplished Elizabeth Eagles\\nHaywood, daughter of Treasurer John Haywood, with whom\\nLaFayette had just dined. She was known generally as\\nMiss Betsey John Haywood, to distinguish her from Miss\\nBetsey Henry Haywood, her cousin, afterwards wife of Gov-\\nernor Dudley. The boy is George West, son of Major John\\nT. West, and grandson of Joseph Gales, who afterwards was\\ndraughtsman in our navy, attached to Commodore Perry s\\nJapan expedition.\\nBURNING OF THE STATE-HOUSE.\\nIn the morning of a bright summer day, the 21st of June,\\n1831, the citizens rising from their breakfasts were startled\\nwith the cry of Fire Volumes of smoke were seen issuing\\nfrom the ventilators under the roof. My father had just\\nstepped out of his hotel, and the first thing he saw when he\\nlooked towards the building were owls flying from the attic\\nwindow, followed by lurid flames. If the city had owned\\nour present fire equipment, under Captain Engelhard, its\\nefficient Superintendent, the work of extinguishment would\\nhave been easy, but the efforts of the puny engines of that\\nday were pjowerless. As the fire descended leisurely from\\nthe roof where it had been kindled by the carelessness of a\\nworkman, there was ample time for saving most of the State\\npapers, but all the Acts of Assembly were destroyed. In the\\nexcitement, although there were numerous willing hands,their\\nstrength could not be organized for removing the ponderous\\nstatue. Old citizens never forgot their horror as they gazed", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38\\non the beautifal marble, white hot and crumbling, among\\nthe forked tongues of flame, then shattered into fragments\\nas the blazing timbers fell. Portions of the statue, including\\nthe body and some of the pedestal, are now preserved in the\\nState museum.\\nAn English sculptor of eminence, Ball Hughes, who\\nbecame an American citizen, residing in New York, and\\nthen near Boston, afterwards came and looked on the ruins\\nof Canova s work, and avowed his ability to restore it for\\n$3,000. Through the influence of Judge Gaston a contract\\nwas made with him by legislative enactment, and five hun-\\ndred dollars was advanced for preliminary expenses. Sign-\\ning the receipt for this money was the last act done by him\\nin performance of his work.\\nThe loss of the bound copies of the Acts of Assembly was\\nremedied partly bv purchase of straggling volumes in the\\nState, but mainly by the bequest of Waigbtstill Avery, the\\nfirst Attorney General.\\nTHE GLASGOW FRAUDS.\\nThe State-house came near destruction by fire long before\\nthis, destruction not accidental, but with the design to screen\\ncriminals. The story should not be allowed to die.\\nJames Glasgow was one of the most trusted men of the\\nRevolution. He was one of the Committee of Safety of the\\nNewbern district. He was Major of the regiment of Dobbs.\\nWhen Richard Caswell was chosen first Governor of inde-\\npendent North Carolina, Glasgow was the first Secretary of\\nState. When the name of Dobbs was expunged from our\\nlist of counties, one of the counties taking its place was called\\nGlasgow.\\nBut North Carolina knows how to punish as well as honor.\\nThe name of Greene has supplanted on the map that of the\\nobliterated Glasgow, and on the records of the ancient and\\nhonorable society of Masons the black lines of disgrace are\\ndrawn around the signature of the poor wretch expelled\\nfrom their order for crime.\\nIn 1797 it was discovered with horror that Glasgow was\\nissuing fraudulent grants of land in Tennessee and Western\\nNorth Carolina. He had many accomplices, men of daring,\\nwho hesitated not to destroy evidence against them by poison\\nor fire or the rifle bullet.\\nHe was indicted for misdemeanor in office. A special\\ntribunal, afterwards expanded into the old Supreme Court,", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "39\\nwas created for the trial of him and his accomplices. Judge\\nJohn Haywood, for a .$1,000 fee, considered enormous in that\\nday, although he drew the act constituting the new court,\\nleft the bench in order to defend him. Haywood s removal\\nto Tennessee was probably in some measure caused by the\\ndisapproval of his course by the people.\\nThe accomplices of Glasgow were not content to trust to\\nthe skill of Haywood. Certain documents in the Comptrol-\\nler s office were necessary for their conviction. It was plan-\\nned to abstract them and burn the State-house in which\\nthey were deposited. Judges McNairy and Tatom heard of\\nthe plot and determined to anticipate it. A messenger was\\nseat in the depth of winter over precipitous mountain paths,\\nthrough swollen torrents, along the Indian trails, to carry to\\nGovernor Samuel Ashe the secret letter which would save\\nour State-house and our archives. A trusty watch was set,\\nand soon a negro hired for the purpose was caught in the\\nact of breaking into the Comptroller s office. Poor Phil\\nTerrell, the viciim of the more cunning criminals, died a\\nfelon s deatli on the scatibld.\\nTHE NEW CAPITOL.\\nThese narrow escapes from losing the arcliives of the State\\ndetermined the leaders of public opinion to provide the\\npresent noble fire-proof structure of granite. Tliere was\\nfornjidable opposition to a liberal appropriation. A con-\\nvention was expected to be called in order to secure changes\\nin the Constitution, and the effort to have the seat of gov-\\nernment at another point was resumed. Old citizens say\\nthat Haywood, at the junction of the Cape Fear and the\\nHaw, lacked only one vote to defeat Raleigh. The record\\ndoes not support this, as the bill to appropriate .$50,000 for\\nrebuilding on the old site, passed by 73 to 60 in the House,\\nand 35 to 28 in the Senate, but the traditional vote may\\nhave been in the Committee of the Whole.\\nCitizens of Fayetteville tell me that the Commoner from\\nthat borough, a lawyer of great ability and force of charac-\\nter, Louis D. Henry, became odious to his constituents for\\nnot pressing the claims of that town at this favorable junc-\\nture. Some charged, not openly, for he was a man of hot\\ntemper, and had killed Thomas J. Stanly in a duel, that he\\nhad been bribed, but there was no evidence of this. Nor\\ndid the odium, I think, drive him to remove his residence\\nto Raleigh, because this change did not take place until", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40\\nfourteen years afterwards, after he had, as the Democratic\\nnominee, made an able but unsuccessful canvass against\\nMorehead for the governorship. This much is certain, how-\\never, that althougli repeatedly theretofore a member, he\\nnever, after 1832, represented either the county or the town\\nin the Legislature.\\nJudge Henry Seawell, then Senator from Wake, is cred-\\nited with saving our city from the threatened ruin. He\\nprocured the passage of the bill appropriating -$50,000 for\\nthe erection of the Capitol on the old site, many members\\nbeing persuaded by oversanguine promises, it is said, that\\nthis amount would finish the work.\\nThe Commissioners, who had the nerve to expend the\\nwhole appropriation in laying the foundation of a structure\\nworthy to be called the official house of a million people,\\ndeserve to have their names handed down. They were emi-\\nnent for business talent and integrity. They were William\\nBoylan, Duncan Cameron, William S. Mhoon, Henry Seawell\\nand Romulus M. Saunders. All were Raleigh men, except\\nWilliam S. Mhoon, of Bertie, who was a temporar}^ resident,\\nthen and until 1835 Treasurer of the State.\\nThe act was adroitly worded so as to appear to provide\\nonly for a $50,000 building, while its legal interpretation as\\na whole undoubtedly relieves the Commissioners from the\\ncharge of a breach of trust. It was provided that the gen-\\neral plan of the said Capitol shall be the same as the former\\nbuilding, with such extension of length and height as may\\nbe deemed necessary for the better accommodation of the\\nGeneral Assembly, the lower story of which, at least, shall\\nbe built of stone, and the roof covered with zinc or other fire-\\nproof material. Another section authorized the Commis-\\nsioners to employ an architect for such purposes as they\\nmay deem necessary. This virtual expression of opinion\\non the part of the law-making power in favor of a larger\\nbuilding, and of fire-proof materials, together with the powder\\nto call in an expert, shifts the burden of miscalculating the\\nexpenditures to the expert.\\nMy experience at the University is that, as a rule, the\\nvotaries of the most noble profession of architecture either\\nare little gifted with prescience or feel bound only b} a slight\\ntenure to respect limitation as to expenditures. I am minute\\nin explaining this action of the Commissioners because of\\nthe common belief that they took the responsibility of disre-\\ngarding the statute under which they were acting. Certain\\nit is that subsequent General Assemblies ratified their action", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "41\\nby additional ajjpropriations until the completion of the\\nCapitol in 1840, the total accounts footing up to the grand\\ntotal of $530,684.15.\\nProbably because of continued grumbling by economical\\nor demagogical members of the Assembly the Commissioners\\nfirst appointed resigned their offices in 1836 and were suc-\\nceeded by Samuel F. Patterson, then State Treasurer; Bever-\\nley Daniel, Charles Manly, Alfred Jones and Charles L. Hin-\\nton, afterwards State Treasurer; men deemed worthy of all\\npraise. The Commissioners aj)pointed Daniel as ciiairman.\\nTw^o architects were consuUed, William Nichols (who\\nrepaired the old building in 1820) and Ithiel Town, of New\\nYork. The latter acted for a short while as the chief director,\\nbut soon his services were dispensed with and the work was\\nleft to W. S. Drummond, Colonel Thomas Bragg, fati)er of\\nGovernor Bragg, and David Baton, superintendents of differ-\\nent branches. Paton was the chief draughtsman. Of the\\nforemen and skilled laborers employed from time to time\\nsome settled in Raleigh and their descendants are among our\\nbest citizens. In the old City Cemetery there is an interest-\\ning group of slabs marking the graves of those whom even\\nthe salubrious air of our city could not save from the darts\\nof pallid death.\\nTHE NEW CAPITOL DESCRIBED.\\nThe following is a complete description of the new build-\\ning, written by architect David Paton:\\nThe State Capitol is 100 feet in length from north to\\nsouth, by 140 feet from east to west. The whole height is 97|\\nfeet in the centre. The apex of pediment is 64 feet in height.\\nThe stylobate is 18 feet in height. The columns of the east\\nand west porticoes are 5 feet 2h inches in diameter. An\\nentablature, including blocking course, is continued around\\nthe building, 12 feet high.\\nThe columns and entablature are Grecian Doric, and\\ncopied from the Temple of Minerva, commonly called the\\nParthenon, which was erected in Athens about 500 years\\nbefore Christ. An octagon tower surrounds the rotunda,\\nwhich is ornamented with Grecian cornice, etc., and its dome\\nis decorated at top with a similar ornament to that of the\\nChoragic Monument of Lysicrates, commonly called the\\nLanthorn of Demosthenes.\\nThe interior of the Capitol is divided into three stories", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42\\nFirst, thelowerstory, consisting often rooms,eight of which\\nare appropriated as offices to the Governor, Secretary, Treas-\\nurer, and Comptroller, each having two rooms of the same\\nsize the one containing an area of 649 square feet, the other\\n528 square feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the two committee rooms, each containing 200\\nsquare feet, and four closets; also the rotunda, corridors,\\nvestibules and piazzas, contain an area of 4,370 square feet.\\nThe vestibules are decorated with columns and antfe, similar\\nto that of the Ionic Temple on the Ilissus, near the Acropolis of\\nAthens. The remainder is groined with stone and brick,\\nspringing from columns and pilasters of the Roman Doric.\\nThe second story consists of Senatorial and Representatives\\nchambers, the former containing an area of 2,545 and the lat-\\nter 2,849 square feet. Four apartments enter from Senate\\nchamber^ two of which contain each an area of 169 square\\nfeet, and the other two contain each an area of 154 square\\nfeet; also two rooms enter from Representatives chamber,\\neach containing an area of 170 square feet; of two commit-\\ntee rooms, each containing an area of 231 feet; of four\\npresses and the passages, stairs, lobbies and colonades, con-\\ntaining an area of 3,204 square feet.\\nThe lobbies and hall of Representatives have their col-\\numns and autre of the Octagon Tower of Andronicus\\nCyrrhestes, and the plan of the hall is of the formation of\\nthe Greek theatre, and the columns and antse in the Senato-\\nrial chamber and rotunda are of the Temple of Erectheus,\\nMinerva Polias and Pandrosus, in the Acropolis of Athens,\\nnear the above-named Parthenon.\\nThird, or attic story, consists of rooms appropriated to the\\nSupreme Court and Library, each containing an area of 693\\nsquare feet. Galleries of both houses have an area of 1,300\\nsquare feet also two apartments entering from Senate gal-\\nlery, each 169 square feet, of four presses and the lobbies\\nstairs, 988 square feet. These lobbies, as well as rotunda,\\nare lit with cupolas, and it is proposed to finish the Court\\nand Library in the florid Gothic style.\\nBUILDING OF THE CITY.\\nI return to the narrative of the beginnings of our city.\\nThe experiment of founding a city at a point not adapted\\nby nature either for commerce or manufactures, far removed\\nfrom navigable streams and from water-power, met at first\\nwith very little success. Those intending to become citizens\\nmoved in slowly. It required the quickening power of an", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "43\\nact of Assembly to secure the removal thereto of the execu-\\ntive officers, the Governors having the address to have\\nthemselves at first excepted out of the mandate. We can\\nwell imagine how woeful it was to the minds of Spaight\\nand Ashe, and of their female families, to use an expres-\\nsion of my friend, James H. Williams, of Warren, to leave\\nthe refined society of Newbern and Wilmington for the oak\\nwoods and briar patches of the projected capital. In 1794,\\nhowever, the Assembly recjuired Ashe and future Governors\\nto spend at least six months within its limits, exclusive of\\nthe time occupied by the General Assembly, and ordered\\nthat they should advertise the period of their sojourn in all\\nthe gazettes of the State. Four 3^ears later, in 1798, when\\nDavie was Governor, doubtless with his approval, as he had\\npurchased eligible Raleigh lots, an act was passed requiring\\nthe Governor to make the city of Raleigh his place of com-\\nmon residence. Whenever he should leave his home for\\nover ten days he must give notice by advertisement in the\\ngazettes, as newspapers were commonly then called, and his\\nprivate secretary was required to keep the executive office\\nopen during his absence.\\nTHE FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT.\\nThe first act for the government of the city of Raleigh\\nwas passed February 7, 1795. This act did not vest the\\ncontrol of the city with its citizens. A counterpart of that\\nsystem is now noticed in the government of Washington\\nCity. Raleigh s first government was, as the legal phrase\\ngoes, used more in England than in this country, put into\\ncommission. That is, seven appointees of the General\\nAssembly, styled Commissioners, the usual name for public\\nagents appointed for special purposes, were vested with the\\ngovernment for three years. When their term was about to\\nexpire in 1797 it was renewed. Again, in 1801, there was a\\nsimilar renewal, and three others were appointed as addi-\\ntional and permanent Commissioners. Only in case of\\ntheir death, refusal or resignation could the citizens have a\\nvote to fill the vacancy. These Commissioners were vested\\nwith the right to make laws for the government of the city,\\nand also to choose an Intendant of Police, charged with the\\nexecution of the laws, and also a Treasurer, out of their num-\\nber, to hold office for one year, and a Clerk to hold during\\ngood behavior. The Intendant held his office indefinitely,\\nas did the Commissioners. None of these officers were", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44\\nrequired (o be citizens, and some of them are known not to\\nhave been such. Raleigh, therefore, for the first ten years\\nof its life was very far from being free. Its legislative and\\nchief executive officers were creatures of the General Assem-\\nbly, and as all ten of the appointees accepted their offices,\\nits people, except in the remote contingencies of resignation\\nor death, had no voice in the making of their laws.\\nThis un-American action of the Assembly was thought to\\nbe necessary, because the citizens settled in their homes very\\nslowly, and because the legislators desired to know the char-\\nacter of these settlers before vesting in them the custody of\\nthe seat of government, in which the archives and the\\ntreasury of the State were to be kept, and its legislative\\ncouncils were to be held.\\nNo evil to the people resulted from this long withholding\\nof their freedom, because the Commissioners were men of\\nwisdom and fairness. They were John Hayw^ood, Dugald\\nMcKeethan, John Marshall, John Rogers, John Pain, James\\nMares and John Craven, who were ))roperly the first City\\nFathers. Those added in 1797 were Joshua Sugg, William\\nPolk and Theophilus Hunter. John Rogers was a member\\nof the Legislature from Wake, and was a non-resident.\\nJoshua Sugof, William Polk and Theophilus Hunter, though\\nowners of lots in the corporate limits, did not reside therein.\\nIt is noticeable that this act was probably drawn by some\\nadmirer of French institutions. The atrocities of the Reign\\nof Terror had not then alienated the sympathies of our peo-\\nple. Commissions were a striking feature of the revolu-\\ntionary government of 3 794, and the chief officers in charge\\nof departments, now called Prefects, had been for many years\\ncalled Intendants. In our city the name Mayor was not\\nadopted until 1856. The name Commissioners gave way to\\nthe good old Anglo-Saxon word Aldermen in 1875.\\nJohn Haywood, who was elected by them Intendaut of\\nPolice, was the first chief executive officer. It was not\\nuntil 1803, eight years after the sale of lots, that, in the\\njudgment of the General Assembly, the city was sufficiently\\npopulous to supply officers whose homes must be in the city\\nlimits. A regular charter was granted. The Commission-\\ners, seven in number, as well as the Intendant of Police,\\nwere to be elected by freemen having the qualification of resi-\\ndence and of owning land within the city. Free negroes\\nwere included among the freemen.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "45\\nCITY GROWTH.\\nIt was intended that thp Slate-house should front towards\\nthe east, Orientalizaiion at that time being all the fashion.\\nIt was therefore built so as to look down Newbern street\\nin one direction, and Hillsboro street towards the west. This\\nwas continued when the present sione structure replaced the\\nold. The same supposed necessity to front towards Jerusalem\\nprompted the eminent French engineer, with the assent of\\nWashington and other great officers, to plan the city of\\nWashington with the Capitol looking eastward, and the early\\ntrustees of our State Univeisity to design its buildings to\\nlook towards the rising sun, with a broad avenue to Piney\\nProspect. In all three cases, however, the settlers refused to\\nrecognize t^iis architectural propriety, and built their shops\\nand residences southward, westward or northward.\\nWithout discussing the question why Washington and\\nChapel Hill refused obstinately to take the advice of the\\narchitects, it is easy to explain why the bulk of the business\\nof Raleigh located itself on Fayetteville street.\\nIn the tirst })lace, the bulk of the population of the county\\nwas in its southern and eastern portions, because settlers had\\nworked their way up the Neuse and the Cape Fear and their\\ntributaries. The merchants and mechanics, by getting loca-\\ntions on this street received the advantage of the trade com-\\ning on both the Smithfield and the Fayetteville roads The\\ncounty authorities, when the old log building on the Boy Ian\\nhill was to be replaced by a structure more worthy of the\\ncapital city, naturally located the court-house on the same\\nstreet, so as to accommodate the majority of their constituents.\\nIn the second place, the great mail route from North to\\nSouth ran by way of Petersburg, Warren ton, Raleigh and\\nFayetteville, then to Georgetown and Charleston in South\\nCarolina. Of course tavern-keepers and others seeking pub-\\nlic patronage, selected their business stands along this high-\\nway. So eager were they to attract attention and subserve\\nthe convenience of their patrons, that their buildings were\\nplaced immediately along the edge of the streets. The earliest\\ncharters showed the care of the General Assembly to regulate\\nthese encroachments on the sidewalks by porches, stoops, and\\ncellar-doors. The earliest taverns were Casso s, next to the\\nCapitol Square on the south, on the east side of Fayette-\\nville street; the Indian Queen, kept by Captain Scott on the\\nsite of the Federal court-hou ^e and post-office; the Eagle\\nHotel,built in 1812 by Charles Parish, of three stories, the first", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "4.6\\nbrick-house, according to Governor Swain, in the cit} with\\nthe exception of the State-house, located north of Union\\nSquare, and existing to this day, improved and remodeled\\ninto the State Agricultural Building. Other authorities say-\\nthat the old brick printing office of Joseph Gales was built\\nprior to the Eagle Hotel.\\nThree years after the granting of this charter, viz., in 1806,\\nit appears that a jealousy between the different sections of\\nthe city had grown up. The central part, along Halifax and\\nFayetteville streets, being in a majority, was charged with\\nnot being fair in the distribution either of offices or money.\\nThe General Assembly was induced in 1806 to divide the\\ncity into three wards, all east of Wilmington and Halifax\\nstreets to be the eastern, and to elect three Commissioners\\nall west of Salisbury and Halifax streets to be the western,\\nand to elect one Commissioner, while the rest of the city was\\nto be the middle ward, having five commissioners, the taxes\\nof each ward to be spent therein by the Commissioners\\nthereof.\\nThis unequal distribution was a concession to property,\\nthe legislation as well as the constitution of that day by no\\nmeans recognizing universal suffrage, but, on the contrary,\\nshowing a nervous dread of trusting the property of the\\nricher classes to the mercy of the poorer. By a census taken\\nthe next year, 1807, it was found that there were within the\\ncity limits 726 souls, of whom the middle ward had only\\n250, the eastern 336, and the western 140. Of whites the\\nmiddle ward had 140, the eastern 197, and the western 86,\\ntotal 423. Of slaves the middle ward had 107, the eastern\\n111, and the western 52 There were 33 free negroes, of\\nwhom 28 lived in the eastern ward. Counting one voter to\\nevery five free inhabitants there were in all about 95 resident\\nvoters. The number of non-residents entitled to vote because\\nof owning land in the city must have been quite considerable.\\nAn amusing difficulty occurred under the Act of 1806.\\nThe one Commissioner of the western ward, increased to\\nthree in 1809, and the three Commissioners of the eastern\\nward had the right of spending for the benefit of their\\nwards all the moneys collected therein after defraying general\\nexpenses. As the western ward was in part bounded on the\\neast by Halifax street and the eastern was bounded on the\\nwest partly b}^ the same street, they stoutly contended that\\nHalifax street was not in their wards. The doctrine of usque\\nad medium filum vine, i. c, that the ownership of lands adja-\\ncent to rivers and highways extends to the middle thread", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "47\\nthereof, subject to the right-of-way of the public, made no\\nimpression on their non-legal minds. Thej^ eagerly gathered\\nin the taxes on property and person adjacent to Halifax\\nstreet, and stoutly refused to expend a dime on its repair.\\nThey contended that the letter of the act put the street into\\nthe middle ward, and the middle-warders must dig up its\\nstumps and fill up its gullies. The General Assembly of\\n1811 cured this defect by an amendment, evidently drawn\\nby a middle-ward man too angry to respect the rules of\\ngrammar, and thereafter the centres of Wilmington and of\\nSalisbury streets throughout their lengths were the bounda-\\nries of the eastern and western wards respectively.\\nThe effect of the Acts of ]806 and 1809 was to constitute\\nfour Boards for the government of our city, viz: One of\\neleven Commissioners for general purposes, one of five for mid-\\ndle ward purposes, and two of three each for eastern and\\nwestern ward purposes. In 1813 this was remedied by an\\namendment to the charter reducing the number of Commis-\\nsioners to seven, viz., two each from the eastern and western\\nwards and three from the middle, and these seven consti-\\ntuted one Board, with the Intendant as presiding officer.\\nThe Board, however, was commanded to expend the taxes of\\neach ward in its limits if needed. The constable of the city\\nwas given the powers of a constable of the county. There\\nwas no other policeman, either for the day or the night.\\nThe Commissioners claimed the right to force the citizens to\\npatrol the city at night, distributing them for the purpose\\ninto twenty classes of six each, one of the number being\\ncaptain. When the public mind was disturbed by frantic\\nterrors of insurrections among the slaves, as it was during\\nthe alleged insurrection headed by Frank Sumner in 1802,\\nand the Nat Turner atrocities of 1831, there was no difficulty\\nin procuring efficient action by this unpaid police. But in\\ntranquil times the penalty of one dollar fine for non-attend-\\nance, authorized in 1814, became necessary. It was the\\nfashion, however, to avoid the penalty b}^ hiring substitutes,\\nsome men almost making a living by taking the places of\\nsleep-loving principals. Slaves not on their owner s premises\\nwere required to have written passes, as they were called,\\nafter a designated early hour of the night, on the penalty of\\nreceiving a whipping for the lack thereof, and also of being\\nlocked up if their behavior led to suspicion of crime. The\\nadventures of the niglit-watch and their morning report\\nwere a notable part of the gossip of the community.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48\\nIn 1831 the alarm was so great that martial law virtually\\nprevailed in the city, and there wa-, what military men call, a\\nlevy en masse. All the white men were armed. Tlie old\\nmen were organized into a cor{)s called Silver Grays. The\\nable-bodied were divided into four classes, each patrolling\\nevery fourth night. The Presbyterian church was to be the\\nrallying point in ease of an alarm given by the ringing of\\nits bell. Videttes on horseback were sent out as far as Neuse\\nriver on the roads leading east, in order to report the com-\\ning of the black army of rebels. While nerves were in this\\nstate of tension, the bell sounded after one midnight because\\nof the burning of a blacksmith shop. Scores of jiiodest\\nladies ran screaming to the fortress of refuge, with dishev-\\nelled hair and white nightgowns streaming as thev fled.\\nAll this excitement and mental torture had not the slightest\\ncause except in unreasoning fancies. The Raleigh negroes\\nwere thoroughly loyal.\\nFIRES.\\nThe first fire-engine in the city was bought by voluntary\\ncontributions in 1802. It employed sixteen hands, throwing\\neighty gallons per minute one hundred and thirty-two\\nfeet, and cost ^374.* Eleven years later the city bought a\\nnew engine, and in I82I the tiist regular fire company was\\norganized. Six years before this an abortive attempt to, sup-\\nply the city with water was made. A water wheel worked\\nfrom a pond infrontof the Insane Asylum hill, madeby dam-\\nming Rock} branch, forced the water to the top td a water-\\ntower on a liill in the southwest part of the city, whence it\\nflowed i:)y gravity to Hargett and along Fayetteville street.\\nThere was no filtration. The water was delivered at inter-\\nvals through spouts. The engineer was Samuel Lash of\\nSalem, an ingenious mechanic. The pipes were of wood.\\nThey became frequentl\\\\ clogged with mud. Often they\\nburst with the pressure. Lash died and was succeeded by\\nhis son, who was a drunkard. The citizens living on the\\nstreets not benefited became clamorous against the taxation\\nlevied for repairs, and the scheme was abandoned.\\nWith these meagre means for extinguishing fires, and the\\nbuildings being. mainly of wood, it is not surprising that\\nconflagrations were extensive. That of 181() swept from\\nMartin to Hargett on the east side of Fayetteville street, and\\nthence almost to Wilmington street. The house at the cor-\\nner of Wilmington and jMartin was saved by the timely use\\n*The steam fire-engine (Rescue) now in use is capable of tluowing a vertical\\nstream of 126 feet (iOO gallons per minute.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "49\\nof ten barrels of vinegar. The fire of 1821 burnt over the\\nsame district, beginning where the market-house stands,\\nthen it crossed Hargett and was only stopped by the pluck\\nof Mrs. Hannah Stewart, which saved herdwelling standing\\non the land occupied by Tucker hall. She saved it again\\nfrom a tire which consumed all the buildings north 1o Mor-\\ngan street, but about twenty years afterwards a third fire\\nprevailed even over her heroic energy.\\nAt another time all the buildings on the west side of Fay-\\netteville street from Morgan to Hargett, with the exception\\nof that next to Morgan, then belonging to the Newbern\\nbank, were swept away. This was kindled V)y an incen-\\ndiary, Benjamin F. Seaborn, a clerk of Richard Smith, who\\nendeavored by arson to hide the crime of theft. Smith was\\nCounty Register, and twenty registry books were destroyed\\nwith his store-house, causing much confusion of titles in our\\ncounty. It is gratifying to know that Seaborn was hung for\\nhis crime.\\nTHE FIRST CITY FATHERS.\\nThe first Intendant of Police of the city, as I have stated,\\nwas John Haywood, the Treasurer of the State from 17o7 to\\nhis death in 1827, forty years, so popular that a county and a\\ntown were named in his honor, one of the most consj)icuous\\ncitizensof early Raleigh. His kindness to the sick and attlicted\\nand his hospitality knew no limit. He made it a rule to\\ninvite to a meal every member and officer of the General\\nAssembly, which in his time met yearly. Rather uncult-\\nured guests he had sometimes. Funn}^ stories about some\\nof them once flitted about the social atmosphere of our town.\\nI recall one of a backwoods legislator who in the dim light of\\nthe Treasurer s parlor gazed with enquiring wonder at an\\nanimal lying on the rug. That, said the Treasurer, is\\nmy daughter s pet. A pet is it? a pet you say? I thought\\nit was a cat! It was at a party, as receptions were then\\ncalled, given by Senator Badger, some years later, that one\\nof the guests took his seat on an old-fashioned piano, remark-\\ning that these Raleigh big-bugs have benches with mighty\\nlong legs.\\nTreasurer John Haywood is to be distinguished from Judge\\nJohn Haj wood, the eminent lawyer who adorned the bench\\nof this State and of Tennessee. Treasurer John was from\\nEdgecombe, son of Col. William Haywood, a very prominent\\nmember of our State Congresses and General Assemblies of\\nthe Revolution. Judge John was from Halifax, son of Egbert,", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50\\nbrother of William Haywood. They were named after their\\ngrandfather, John Haywood, who came to Halifax from\\nBarbadoes about 1730.\\nAnother of the earliest City Fathers was William Polk,\\nalways called Colonel William Polk, who built what was a\\ngrand residence in those days just out of the city limits\\nfronting Blount street. Later, in 1872, after being owned\\nby Hon. Kenneth Rayner it was moved to one side to allow\\nfor the extension of Blount street, and is now called the\\nPark Place. Col. William Polk was a remarkable man.\\nBorn near Charlotte, when he had reached nineteen years\\nof age he heard the Mecklenburg resolutions read from the\\ncourt-house stey)s. His fiery spirit led him into the Conti-\\nnental army. He served with distinction at Brandy wine\\nand Germantown, then at Guilford and Eutaw Springs, being\\nwounded slightly at Germantown and severely at Eutaw.\\nWhen the war ended he had attained the rank of Colonel.\\nHe was a man of strong character, too ardent a Federalist to\\nobtain public office in Republican Wake, though he had\\nbeen a Commoner from Mecklenburg, yet in non-political\\nposts, such as the presidency of the leading bank, the\\npresidency of the Board of Trustees of the young Uni-\\nversity, and as guiding the society of the new capital, he\\nwas uncommonly active and useful. At one time, stirred up\\nby recent bad examples of duelling among such great men\\nas Hamilton and Burr, Stanly and Spaight, Clinton and\\nSwartwout, Van Allen and Crawford, the students of the\\nUniversity were threatening to imitate them. The danger\\nwas so imminent that President Caldwell appealed to Colo-\\nnel Polk, knowing that the advice of a Revolutionary hero\\nof conspicuous daring would have weight with the fiery\\nyoung men. The Colonel wrote a letter to them denouncing\\nthe practice of duelling in terms so strong and convincing\\nas to avert the evil. I recall one instance, however, where\\nhis resentment forced him to give preference to the process\\nof Judge Lynch. AVhile he was with the American army\\nfighting for our liberties, a Tory with whom he was person-\\nally acquainted outrageously marauded upon his father s\\nplantation. When peace was declared this Tory fled to parts\\nunknown. Many years afterwards Colonel Polk was jour-\\nneying on horseback with a friend to visit the lands in Ten-\\nnessee given him for his military services. They halted at\\na cabin to enquire about the road. As the owner came to\\nthe door the Colonel recognized his Tory neighbor. Leaping\\nfrom his horse saying, Please hold my bridle! he pro-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "51\\nceeded to pay hiin with his riding-whip the principal with\\ncompound interest of the debt he had been owing so long.\\nRaro antecendem scelestum\\nDeseruit pede Poena claudo.\\nColonel Polk was exceedingly patriotic. He entered into all\\n4th of July celebrations with boundless enthusiasm, always\\nacting by invitation as president of the feasts, and giving out\\nthe toasts and drinking to them too with hearty good will.\\nThe dinner was usually ended by the company, at his invi-\\ntation, marching to his house and partaking of a second\\ntreat, the jocund boisterousness by no means diminished by\\nthe glimpses of the ladies of the neighborhood peering down\\nthe staircases and through the windows in order to see the\\nfun. His son, Leonidas, afterward the Bishop and General,\\nin his youth was a leader in singing the patriotic odes.\\nThe other official fathers of the city are less conspicuous.\\nJohn Craven, of Halifax, was the first elected to the office\\nof Comptroller of Public Accounts in 1783, and was annually\\nelected thereafter until his death in 1808, twenty-five years.\\nHe was an old bachelor of popular manners, and having no\\nties of kindred he left his property, including his Raleigh\\nlots, to our excellent citizen, who years ago was our very\\npopular Mayor, William Dallas Haywood.\\nJohn Marshall and James Mares were hotel-keepers in the\\ncity. Dugald McKeethan was one of the original purchasers\\nof lots, a son-in-law of Joel Lane. John Pain was also one\\nof the original purchasers. John Rogers was soon after a\\nmember of the Legislature from Wake, and had probably\\nbecome an owner of city property. Joshua Sugg was a large\\nowner of land adjoining the State land on the east and south-\\neast.\\nThe extensive lands of Theophilus Hunter, usually known\\nas Captain Orphy Hunter, adjoined the city on the west and\\nsouthwest, embracing the site of the Insane Asylum and of\\nthe Water-works. His residence, called Spring Hill (now\\nowned by the Grimes family), was the centre of more jovial\\ngatherings for eating of good dinners and drinking of good\\nrum and chasing of foxes than any place in Wake county.\\nHe had pretty and attractive daughters, too, and the merry\\nlaughter of young men and maidens was a frequent sound\\namong the trees of Spring Llill.\\nA few years afterwards Theophilus Hunter had a less\\npleasant reputation among our people. He owned a mill\\non Rocky branch, and the pond was accused of shaking the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52\\nbones of our people with chills and burning them with\\nfevers, especially in 1822, when many lives were lost. After\\nmuch bad feeling and litigation, the matter was settled by\\nthe city s buying the mill and levelling the dam.\\nOTHER EARLY CITY FATHERS.\\nThe first Intendant of Police chosen by th*^ people was\\nlikewise an excellent man, William White. He had been\\nrepeatedly Senator and a Commoner from Lenoir county.\\nWhile Senator he was elected Secretary of State as successor\\nto Glasgow. He became one of Raleigh s best citizens. His\\nwife, the daughter of Governor Caswell, survived him many\\nyears. One of his daughters married Governor David L.\\nSwain, the eminent President of the Universitv.\\nIn 1806 William Hill, who came to Raleigh from Surry\\ncounty, served as a clerk in Mr, White s ottice, and then\\nengaged in merchandising, was chosen Intendant. In 1811\\nhe was elected by the General Assembly Secretary of State,\\nand amid all the mutations of parties, by annual until 1835,\\nand then by biennial elections, he was elected to the same\\noffice until his death in 1857. For years the Old Sec, as\\nhe was familiarly known, was a landmark among us, simple,\\nunostentatious, charitable, of perfect integrity, performing\\nevery duty with strictest fidelity. Such was the public re-\\ngard for him that his clerk and son-in-law, Rufus H. Page,\\nof similar faithfulness to duty, was chosen his successor for\\nseveral terms, and then lost the office only b}^ reason of the\\nviolent part}^ passion aroused during the Civil War.\\nThe next Intendant, in 1807, was an active and po|)ular\\nphysician. Dr. Calvin .lones. He removed to Raleigh from\\nTrov in New York. He was a Commoner from Wake in\\n1807. The fact that he was president of the first medical\\nsociety in the State shows the estimation in which he was\\nheld by his profession. He was chosen a General of Militia,\\nand leaving Raleigh, became a planter on the site of Wake\\nForest College, which he sold to that institution.\\nThe next Intendants were John Marshall, John S. Raboteau\\nand Sterling Yancey. Then, in 1813, began the incum-\\nbency, which was to continue many years, of a very remark-\\nable man, Joseph Gales,- who was for forty 3 ears identified\\nwith all good movements in our city: a man of boundless\\ncharity, in its broadest sense, and of extraordinary good\\nsense. His history is most interesting.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "53\\nIn 1794 he was about 34 years old, a citizen of Sheffield,\\nin England, bookseller, printer and editor of a prosperous\\nnewspaper called the Sheffield Register, which had a large\\ncirculation in Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire.\\nWe have a file of it in the State Library.\\nIn its beginning the French Revolution was regarded as\\ndestined to bring great political blessings to France, and\\npeople in all nations hoped that the time had come for the\\nlower classes to secure larger control in their governments.\\nIn England associaiions were formed, some, perhaps, ready\\nto resort to force to secure political changes, but others seek-\\ning by educating the public mind to procure reform by con-\\nstitutional methods.\\nOne of the most flourishing of these latter peaceful asso-\\nciations was the Constitutional Society of Sheffield, of which\\nJoseph Gales was Secretary. I have examined the editorials\\nin the Sheffield Reguter, and there is certainly nothing in\\nthem looking towards treason or insurrection, only such\\ndeprecation of the horrors of war, and criticism of the policy\\nof the Ministry as would be considered in our day respectful\\nand mild. But rash and senseless riols in various parts of\\nEngland, and the horror inspired by the atrocious excesses\\nin France, induced Parliament to suspend the privileges of\\nthe writ of habeas corpus. Arbitrary arrests and imprison-\\nment of the leading agitators for Parliamentary reform and\\nagainst war with France were frequent.\\nMr. Gales received notice that orders for his arrest had\\nbeen or would be issued, and knowing that, as he was the\\nonl}^ support of his family, his imprisonment meant abso-\\nlute ruin, he concluded to leave the country, giving his\\nreason in pathetic language in the issue of May 1, 1794. He\\ntook ship at Altona, in Denmark, selling his newspaper to\\nthe poet Montgomery. He was treated so kindly by those\\nin Altona who sympathized with him in his political action,\\nthat he named a daughter after the city, a name which,\\nabbreviated into Alty, pronounced Aulty, is still a favorite\\nwith the family.\\nThe members of the Constitutional Society of Sheffield,\\nconscious of the rectitude of his purposes, adopted a series of\\nresolutions laudatory of their emigrant Secretary, showing\\nso much genuine feeling and beauty that I venture to (]Uote\\nthem", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54\\nAt a general meeting of the Society for Constitutional Information,\\nheld on July 3, 1794, at the house of the late Secretary in Watson s Walk,\\nSheffield.\\nThe Constitutional Society of Sheffield to Joseph Gales\\nHealth! Peace! and Happiness On this occasion of addressing you,\\nour very dear and inestimable fellow-citizen, we feel a variety of pas-\\nsions agitating our minds and forcibly impelling us to some expression\\nof our well-founded affection and our ardent gratitude, our sincere\\nregret and our just indignation.\\nTi3e eminent worth of your character, your important services to the\\ngreat cause of human happiness, our irreparable injury in the loss of so\\nvaluable a member, and the persecution of which you are the distin-\\nguished object, are so many loud calls for some testimonial of our deep-\\nest sense of your merit, and our pungent grief at your sufferings. Yet\\nwe are happy that we have not merely to speak the language of sympa-\\nthetic condolence, but that of joy, of congratulation, of laudable envy.\\nWe rejoice to reflect that the Divine Cause of Truth and Liberty has\\nbeen supported by so unexceptionable, so able and so successful an\\nadvocate.\\nWe cordially felicitate you on your escape from the insidious schemes\\nand the enraged ferocity of cruel and inexorable man.\\nThough we regret your sufferings, considered abstractly as such,\\nyet, viewing them in connection with their cause, we behold you\\nadorned with incomparably greater and more enviable honor than the\\nmost brilliant diadem can confer upon its wearer. You are dignified\\nwith the unfading crown of a martyr in the illustrious cause of God and\\nman.\\nWe find consolatory pleasure in entertaining the idea that you will\\nread these warm effusions of our soul, secure from oppression and\\nbreathing the pure air of a free country, where the native and inaliena-\\nble rights of man are known, respected and enjoyed.\\nNever, we trust, shall we lose the fervent and grateful recollection of\\nyou, our ever dear friend and brother. We confidently commit you\\nto the guardian care of the Supreme Being, who is the immutable\\nFriend of Truth and the munificent benefactor of mankind. Under\\nHis smiles, exile, proscription, or even death, must be sweet.\\nSigned by the command and in the name of the Constitutional Society.\\nJames Watson,\\nWilliam Malkin,\\nHenry Rock,\\nJohn Grainger,\\nWilliam Chow,\\nAugust 1, 1794. Simon Runk.\\nWe next find Joseph Gales in Philadelphia, beginning, in\\n1796, a paper called Gales Independent Gazetteer. Congress\\nthen held its sessions in that city, and he has the honor of\\nbeing the first shorthand reporter of the debates of that\\nbody. Learning from one of our members of Congress that\\nthe seat of government of North Carolina had no newspapers,\\nhe sold his Gazetteer and established in the Fall of 1799 the\\nRaleigh Register, a name given in loving remembrance of\\nhis Sheffield paper, and with the same motto,\\nOurs are the plans of fair, delightful Peace,\\nUnwarped by party rage to live like brothers.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "55\\nHis was the first newspaper of oar city, edited at first by\\nhimself, then by himself in conjunction with his son-in-law,\\nWilliam W. Seaton, afterwards the distinguished co-editor of\\nthe National Intelligencer and Mayor of Washington City\\nthen by himself alone, then by his son, Weston Raleigh\\nGales, then by his grandson, Seaton Gales, a total of nearly\\nsixty years. He was for many years State printer. He\\nestablished the first paper-mill in this section, on Rocky\\nbranch, thence removed to Crabtree creek. In politics he\\nbelonged to the dominant party, the Republican, and when\\nthat was disrupted in Jackson s time he became a Whig.\\nMr. Gales was ably seconded by his wife, whose maiden\\nname was Winifred Marshall, a remote connection of Lord\\nMelbourne. She was a woman of fine talents and accom-\\nplishments, the authoress of a novel published in 1804\\nby her husband entitled Matilda Berkeley. My mother,\\nbefore her marriage, was the guest of Mrs. Gales, and years\\nafterwards loved to tell of her kindness of heart, her tact, her\\npower of making those around her bright and happy, her\\nfine conversational power:-. It was from her that her chil-\\ndren inherited their rare sprightliness, their father being of\\na more quiet manner and staid temperament. The poetical\\naddress of her daughter, Ann Eliza Gales, at her gradu-\\nating exercises, and her uncommonly agreeable manners and\\nwitty speech, were never forgotten by those who knew her.\\nShe died in the great sickness, almost the pestilence, of 1822,\\nattributed, as I have mentioned, to Hunter s mill-pond.\\nThe rival newspaper to the Raleigh Register, the Minerva,\\nwas edited by William Boylan. It was transferred from Fay-\\netteville, where it was called The Fayetteville Minerva, in the\\nfall of 1799, a few months after the Register was started. The\\nfirm of Hodge Boylan published in 1800 one of the best\\nbooks ever printed in the State, Haywood s Reports, and\\nin 1804 Burkitt and Read s History of the Kehukee Bap-\\ntist Association. The Minerva advocated Federalist princi-\\nples, and, as might be expected, both papers occasionally\\nshowed the heated temper which separated the parties\\nthroughout the Union.\\nWilliam Boylan came to North Carolina from New Jersey\\none hundred and one years ago, joining his uncle, Abraham\\nHodge, first at Halifax and then at Fayetteville. Until his\\npurchase from Peter Browne, the eminent lawyer, of the Joel\\nLane homestead, just outside the city limits, he was often a\\nCommissioner of the city. He served for three years during\\nthe war of 1812 and for one year thereafter, as a member of", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56\\nthe Legislature in the lower house. He had a strong, well\\nbalanced mind, the highest integrity, and large public spirit.\\nHe was Chairman of the Board of Commissioners for rebuild-\\ning the Capitol, and shared in the responsibility of adopt-\\ning the plan of the architect. He was President of the State\\nBank, and a director of that institution and of its successors\\nfor mjiny years. He was an active promoter and at one\\ntime President of the Raleigh and Gaston Pvailroad. He\\nwas a large subscriber to the stock of the North Carolina\\nRailroad. He was for many years Chairman of the Justices\\nof the Peace of the county of Wake. It was by his urgency\\nthat the practice of hiring out the keeping of the county pau-\\npers to the lowest bidder was discontinued, and a house and\\nfarm, together with a comfortable support, provided for them\\nat the public expense. He introduced the cultivation of cot-\\nton into our county. His hand was always open to a deserv-\\ning charity. I remember that when, in the great snow-storm\\nof January, 1857, what we rarely see in our fortunate climate,\\na veritable blizzard, Raleigh awoke one Sunday morning to\\nfind two-thirds of its people suffering for want of fuel because\\nthe wood wagons were unable to run, Mr. Boylan s wagon was\\none of the first to brave the elements in order to relieve the\\nshivering poor by gifts from the ample supply laid up for\\nhis winter s use. I remember, too, the storm of indignation\\nwhen it was reported that a health v man, covered up in\\nhis bed-clothes, sang out, Ask Mr. Boylan why he didn t\\nhave it cut up so as to fit my fireplace! I remember, too,\\nhow he allowed a poor but enthusiastic collector of bugs and\\nbutterflies, snakes and lizards to make his house headquar-\\nters for many days. During the evenings the peripatetic\\nscientist would entertain the family with discourses about\\nhis favorite pursuits. Ladies! some people say crow is not\\ngood for food; jay bird is not good; hawk is not good. It\\nis a great mistake. I have eaten all kinds of birds. They\\nare all good but the turkey buz-zard. The turkey buz-zard\\nhas a flavor which I do not like.\\nHenry Seawell (pronounced in old times Sow-ell), born in\\nFranklin, was probably the first lawyer whosettled in Raleigh,\\nas I find him a member of the House of Commons as early as\\n1799. He was afterwards often a member, sometimes of one\\nbranch, sometimes of the other. He was a Judge of the\\nSuperior Court for six years before the establishment of our\\npresent Supreme Court system in 1818, and therefore during\\nthat time was a member of the Supreme Court under the\\nold system, when all the Circuit .Judges belonged to it. He", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "57\\nwas also a Judge of the Superior Court from 1S32 to 1835.\\nHe was a lawyer of great ability. In criminal matters he\\nwas especially distinguished. As a manager of men in leg-\\nislative bodies he was exceedingly adroit.\\nWilliam Peace is another of the earliest citizens who must\\nbe mentioned in this sketch. He and liis brother Joseph,\\nunder the firm name of W. J. Peace, began merchan-\\ndising on Fayetteville street almost as soon as the city was\\nfounded, and so continued for very many years, dealing\\nfairly with all, and accumulating a handsome property.\\nWilliam Peace was more of a public man than Joseph, and\\nbecame identified with all of Raleigh s legitimate enterprises.\\nHe was often a Commissioner of the city, and many years\\ndirector of its leading bank. He was remarkable for quiet\\ndignity, unfailing courtesy and perfect integrity I doubt\\nif he ever had an enemy in the world, though he was as\\nfirm as a rock on all questions of ])rinciple. He crowned a\\nwell-spent life by contributing to place on a sound founda-\\ntion the excellent female school which Capt. John B. Burwell\\nand Mr. James Dinwiddle have made so full of blessings to\\nour community.\\nEarly in the century there settled in Raleigh the last of\\nthe live Williams, as they were called, William Peck, the\\nothers being William Polk, William Boylan, William Hill\\nand William Peace. William Peck s store was opposite the\\nsoutheast corner of Union Square, which then sloped down\\nto the street. In his old age the square was filled in and\\nlevelled up as at present, greatly to his discontent, as, he\\nsaid, he was shut off from his accustomed view of the Capi-\\ntol. He was highly esteemed by all, a plain, quiet, straight-\\nforward man of sterling virtues. He had the same nervous\\naversion to whistling characteristic of the late Judge Cloud.\\nSome of the wilder boys delighted, when passing his place\\nof business, to emit from their lips the shrillest sound possi-\\nble and then run to escape the threatened punishment. His\\nsign, besides the simple W. Peck, w^as a hat of mountain-\\nous dimensions, hanging over the sidewalk. One of our\\nRaleigh boys, when a sophomore at the University, pur-\\nchased or borrowed this stupendous and venerable tile, and\\nby tying tape across the bottom managed to make it balance\\non his head. He then put over his eyes a large pair of green\\ngoggles, and in the centre of each glass stuck a red wafer.\\nThus accoutred he marched into the chapel in presence of\\nthe assembled professors and students, while the roll was\\nbeing called. I witnessed the scene. The echo of the ap-\\n4", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58\\nplause sounds in my ears plainly after the lapse of forty-seven\\nyears. I tell you, in confidence, that this fun-loving boy of\\nforty-seven years ago is now on this stage, known and honored\\namong you as Major Rufus S. Tucker. As he lias been a\\nsuccessful Raleigh merchant, I must give you my first ob-\\nservation of him as a salesman. When at the University\\nhe was a youth of inimitable humor, very much liked by\\nthe President and professors, possibly because of his pro-\\npensity for fun, though the Faculty censured him for the\\nbig hat and red wafer joke. He was once acting as auctioneer\\nat the sale of some discarded furniture belonging to the\\nDialectic Society. He took up an old silver-plated candle-\\nstick. Gentlemen, I now offer you a fine pair of candlesticks.\\nThey can also be used for mirrors. They have the wonderful\\nproperty of making ugly faces pretty. Governor Swain, bid\\non them. They are the very things for you. As the Gov-\\nernor was of ungainly face and figure, the hit was greatly\\nenjoyed by the crowd, and was not displeasing to him.\\nThe father of this humorous friend of ours, Ruffin Tucker,\\ndeserves mention among the early City Fathers, not only\\nfor his faithfulness as a Commissioner and his sterling quali-\\nties as a man, but because he is the only merchant of the\\nold time who founded a mercantile name which has lived\\nto this day. In 1818, after short service as clerk in order to\\nlearn the business and get a start, he opened a store on the\\nidentical spot where is now the grand establishment of W.\\nH. R. S. Tucker Co., though he afterwards moved to the\\nwest side of the street. For ten years he was a partner with\\nhis brother, William C. Tucker. Then he was alone until\\n1846, when he took as his partner his son, William H. H.\\nTucker, generally known as Col. Buck Tucker. Ruffin\\nTucker died in 1851, and then Major Rufus S. Tucker, who\\nhad three years before graduated at the University, joined\\nhis brother. The history of the firm since is familiar to you.\\nThe uninterrupted success of this establishment for seventy-\\nfour years, three-fourths of a century, shows very strong\\nqualities in its founder, and places him high among the pro-\\nmoters of our city s prosperity.\\nI have not time to go into any details in regard to other\\nworthy city officials, but I will give a short mention of some\\nwhose names occur to me.\\nThere was John S. Raboteau, chairman of the committee to\\ndivide the men of the city into twenty classes, whose lineal\\ndescendant married our friend, Mr. A. F. Page, who has", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "59\\ncome recently to adorn and improve our city with a grand\\nhotel and opera-house.\\nAnd then Richard Smith, long a prosperous merchant\\namong us, the County Register for years. He was clerk in\\nthe store of William Hill, and, when Mr. Hill was elected\\nSecretary of State, bought his stock. He did business on the\\nplan of having everything that the people would be likely\\nto call for, and being a man of good sense he succeeded.\\nThe same story is told of him that was told of old Mr.\\nKyle in Fayetteville. One man bet another $5 that he could\\nnot name an article which Mr. Smith did not have for sale.\\nGood I take the bet. I bet he has not a pulpit Away\\nthey went to Smith s corner. Mr. Smith, we are in\\nsearch of a second-hand pulpit. Can you supply us Yes,\\ncome into the back room. I have exactly what you want.\\nThe Presbyterians concluded to get a new one and sold me\\nthis! Whether the story belongs to him or Mr. Kyle, it\\nillustrates his style of business. He had faith in Raleigh,\\nand invested in its lots. He divided his property between\\nhis wife and his daughter. His wife left most of her share\\nto her nephew, Richard Stanhope Pullen, whose open-\\nhearted genen\u00c2\u00bbsity has enriched our city with a beautiful\\npark and a site for the State Agricultural and Mechanical\\nCollege, and ins church with many a handsome donation.\\nPart of his daughter s share was bequeathed by her as a per-\\npetual benefic -nce to the young men of the State at our\\nUniversity. Tlie old man s labors will be a perennial\\nblessing.\\nI name, to David Royster, who came to Raleigh in 1802,\\na cabinet-maker long an honored and trusted citizen. He\\nleft several sons, noted for their integrity and uprightness.\\nOne of them is still surviving, David L. Rnyster, born the\\nnight Canova s statue came into Raleigh, Christmas, 1821,\\nI must tell a story on myself to illustrate the independence\\nof judgment and kindness of heart for which the old man\\nDavid Royster and his sons were conspicuous. I was em-\\nployed to bring a suit against a woman to obtain summary\\npossession of a lot in Raleigh. The lawyer on the other side\\nwas not himself another lawyer with Bourbon whiskey in\\nhis head. He soon gave up the case, and I asked the jury\\nto sign the judgment. After I got eleven names I looked\\nabout for the twelfth Dave Royster. He was a hundred\\nyards from the court-house going home. He declared he\\nwould not turn a woman out of a house in the middle of\\nwinter unless she had a sober lawyer. So there was a mis-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60\\ntrial and my client consented to a compromise. His brother,\\nJames D. Royster, was a man of remarkable ability. I have\\nnever known a more retentive memory. I acknowledge my\\nindebtedness to him for very much of the knowledge I pos-\\nsess of the early history of Raleigh.\\nWesley Whitaker was another of the good men of early\\nRaleigh, a valued officer of the Methodist church as well as\\nCommissioner of the city. He was converted in the great\\nrevival in 1811, and was the last survivor of those who joined\\nthe church at that day.\\nJohn J. Briggs was one of the founders of the Baptist\\nchurch in Raleigh, father of one of the best men I ever knew,\\nwhose friendship I highly prized, Thomas H. Briggs.\\nDavid L. Barringer, who married a daughter of William\\nWhite, was a very prominent citizen. He repeatedly repre-\\nsented Wake county in the General Assembly, the first time\\nin 1813, and was afterwards a member of Congress. He was\\nuncle of the distinguished D, M. Barringer, a citizen of Ral-\\neigh long afterwards.\\nI must mention, too, the very intelligent editors of the\\nStar newspaper, established in 1809, Thomas Henderson and\\nAlexander Lucas. Nor mast be omitted Sherwood, Stephen\\nand William Henry Haywood, who followed their brother,\\nthe Treasurer, to Raleigh, and became very prominent mem-\\nbers of its society. There was, too, Jacob Johnson, the trusted\\njanitor of the Bank of the State, of humble social position\\nbut conspicuous because one of his sons by indomitable pluck\\nand strong mind from an apprenticed tailor rose to be Presi-\\ndent of this greatest republic of the world. And there was\\nCaptain Alfred Jones, who in early life fought a duel near\\nHillsboro and was badly wounded. His adversary, a man\\nnamed Faucette, ran off in fright and was never heard of\\nafterwards. Gen. Robert Haywood asked him once how a\\nman felt with an adversary ten steps off pointing a pistol\\ndead at him. It looks as big as a cart-wheel, said the Cap-\\ntain, and that was all he would say about the fight. He was\\nfor a long time a bank and railroad director.\\nI must name, too. General Robert Williams, a Trustee of\\nthe University as early as 1803, and its Secretary and Treas-\\nurer, also Adjutant General of the State,\\np-^ John Stewart, the merchant, so called to distinguish him\\nfrom John Stewart, the blacksmith, is said to have been the\\nfirst to open a store for business. He married Hannah, the\\ndaughter of Peter Casso, the hotel-keeper. When President\\nJohnson was born his father was an hostler at the hotel, and", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "61\\nMrs. Casso gave the name to the new-born child. It was\\nintended to call him Andrew Jackson Johnson, but his\\nfather objected to having so long a name, and the Jackson\\nwas omittedj Mrs. Stewart was long a widow, distinguished\\nfor her strength of character. I can only call over the\\nnames of other worthy citizens of the oldest days; James\\nMcKee, Southey Bond, Benjamin S. King, Robert Cannon,\\nJames Coman, Robert Cullum, Henry Gorman, Matthew-\\nShaw, Sterling Wheaton and Mark Cooke.\\nThe last I shall mention was the exceedingly popular\\nUnited States Marshal, General Beverly Daniel, who migrated\\nto Raleigh from Alrginia in 18 10. He kept his othce for\\nthirty-two years. In his old age he was removed by Van\\nBuren because of his too ardent advocacy of Harrison s\\nelection. He was a popular favorite, gifted as an organizer\\nof processions and pageants, an expert rider, a noted hunter\\nof fox and deer, and an accomplished marksman.\\nAfter his removal a banquet was given to him by the citi-\\nzens of Raleigh, his old friends, Joseph Gales and John\\nDevereux, senior, presiding. George E. Badger proposed the\\nfollowing characteristic toast:\\nOar guest, General Daniel, as an officer, good enough for\\nJefferson, good enough for Madison, good enough for Mon-\\nroe, good enough for Adams, good enough for Jackson it\\nis no wonder Van Buren thinks he is too good for him.\\nTHE MASONIC FRATERNITY.\\nThe Grand Lodge of the Masonic Fraternity met in Ral-\\neigh December 3, 1794. Probably the first public institu-\\ntion among us was Democratic Lodge, No. 21, organized\\nFebruary 11, 1793, with John Macon as Master, but it had\\nonly a life of two or three years. It is easy to conjecture the\\ncause of the failure. The French Revolution was hailed in\\nAmerica by many as the dawn of a new era of liberty and\\nequality throughout the world. It was the fashion to copy\\nGallican manners and their favorite terms. The anti-Fed-\\neralists, after the adoption of the Constitution, found their\\nname insufficient, and adopted that of Democratic-Repub-\\nlican. Democratic Clubs, in imitation of those in Paris\\nand elsewhere, were fomied in our cities. Men threw aside\\nAnglo-Saxon salutation, and hugged and called one another\\ncitoyens. Ladies escaped, I hope, the embracing part of\\nthe salutation, but were hailed as citoyesses, instead of\\nmistresses and misses. In the midst of this political delirium", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\ncame across the ocean the news of the horrors of the rule of\\nRobespierre, Danton and Murat. Worse still, demands came\\nthat our government should follow the French into a mad\\ncrusade for the dethronement of kings. When, by the wis-\\ndom of Washington and his constitutional advisers, the\\nUnited States determined to be neutral, and there ensued\\ncontemptuous and insolent treatment of Washington and his\\nCabinet, and depredations on our commerce, the pro-French\\nardor cooled. The Democratic clubswere disbanded. The\\nparty of Jefferson the party of John Macon, and of his brother\\nNathaniel, got ashamed of the first half its name, which was\\npeculiarly a favorite among the Revolutionists, and became\\nplain Republican. In like manner this Democratic Lodge\\nquietly melted away. It is noticeable that the Senior War-\\nden was Rodman Atkins, the same, probably, as Rhody, or\\nRod}^ Atkins, the architect of the State house. It was doubt-\\nless he and the workmen he brought with him, wild with\\nrevolutionary fur\\\\ who introduced this partisan Lodge\\namong our staid people, and their departure probably car-\\nried off the larger part of the membership.\\nThe next Lodge formed had as its leaders strong Federal-\\nists. William Richardson Davie granted the dispensation\\nto Hiram Lodge, No. 40, in 1799. The charter is signed\\nDecember 15, 1800, by William Polk. Its first Master was\\nHenry Potter, appointed District Judge by Federalist John\\nAdams.\\nThis Lodge was eminently successful. Among its early\\nmembers we see, besides Polk and Potter, Theophilus Hun-\\nter, John Marshall, William Boylan, William Hill, Calvin\\nJones, William W. Seaton, and many others remembered by\\nthe Masonic fraternity with fraternal reverence, and known\\nby all our people to have been among our best citizens. In\\n1899 Hiram Lodge can celebrate its centennial by pointing\\nto a long line of illustrious and useful members.\\nThe Odd Fellows and other benevolent societies came into\\nRaleigh within the last half century, and it is not within\\nthe scope of this address to describe them.\\nTHE STATE BANK.\\nThe State Bank of North Carolina occupied a large part\\nof the public mind in the early days. It was incorporated\\nin 1810, to be located at Raleigh, with branches at Newbern,\\nEdenton and Wilmington, which branches were rated as\\nfirst class, and at Tarboro, Fayetteville and Salisbury rated", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "63\\nas second-class. The first directors were John Haywood,\\nWilliam Polk, Henry Potter, Duncan Cameron, William\\nBoylan, William Peace, Henry Seawell, William Henry\\nHaywood, Theophilus Hunter, Samuel Goodwin, Benjamin\\nBrickell, James Mebane, Joseph Gales. Of these Cameron\\nand Mebane were non-residents.\\nThe first President was William Polk, who served without\\nsalary. Wm. Henry Haywood, afterwards Clerk of the Dis-\\ntrict Court, was the first Cashier, at a salary of $1,200 per\\nannum. The business was at first conducted in a house\\nwhere the residence of the late W. H. Crow stands. Colonel\\nPolk, General Beverly Daniel and Joseph Gales were the\\ncommittee who caused to be erected for the permanent bank-\\ning house the brick building, destined to be handed over to\\nthe Bank of the State of North Carolina, then to the Bank of\\nNorth Carolina, and then to become the Rectory of Christ\\nchurch. lis architectural style was novel and met with\\nhumorous sarcasm. It was called Twoporches with a house\\nbetween. John Stanly of Newbern dubbed the committee\\nthe Three wise men of Gotham. After Polk the Presidents\\nwere AVilliam Boylan and Peter Brown, the eminent lawyer,\\nwho amassed a fortune practicing law first in Windsor, then\\nat Halifax, then at Raleigh, purchasing the old Joel Lane\\nplace, which he sold to W^illiam Boylan. The bank got into\\ntrouble. Most of its profits came from circulating notes,\\npayable on demand in coin. Times of financial pressure\\ncame. The brokers gathered up the notes and presented\\nthem for redemption. As the expression went, they wanted\\nthe tangible. In 1828 the stockholders became so uneasy\\nthat they induced Judge Thomas Ruffin, by an offer of an\\nincreased salary, w^ith liberty to practice his profession in\\nRaleigh, to resign from the bench and become President.\\nIn the same year Charles Dewey, a native of Oxford, for the\\nrest of his long life so much loved and respected among us,\\nwho had even then won distinction as a bank officer, was\\nbrought from Fayetteville to act as Cashier. Before the\\nadvent of these two able men the officers had been irritating\\nthe brokers b}^ throwing difficulties in the way of acceding\\nto their demands for specie in exchange for bank bills.\\nRuffin ordered ))rompt payments as long as there was a\\nshot in the locker. This resolute course, together with the\\nhigh reputations of the President and Cashier, restored con-\\nfidence in the solvency of the bank and enabled Duncan\\nCamer(m, who succeeded Ruffin after one year to wind up\\nits afi airs after expiration of its charter in 1834, paying its", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "f)4\\ncreditors and stockholders in full, toaether with a small sur-\\nplus to the latter. To show the difference hetween the old\\nsystem and our National Banks, I state that it had, counting\\nthe issues of its branches, at one time in circulation $4,000,-\\n000 on a capital of $1,600,000, whereas all the National Banks\\nin the State never had more than about $2,000,000 circula,\\ntion. About five per cent, of the notes w^ere never presented-\\nwere destroyed or lost in some way. The Bank of the State\\nof North Carolina began in 1832 and took the place of the\\nState Bank of North Carolina.\\nEARLY CHURCHES.\\nIn the latter part of the eighteenth century and early part\\nof the nineteenth religion was at a low ebb. Infidelity was\\nfashionable, especially among the educated classes. It is\\nnot surprising that the early inhabitants postponed attention\\nto religious services to matters considered more pressing, of\\nbuilding their homes and turning primeval forests and ex-\\nhausted old fields into fertile gardens. There was no church\\nedifice for many years, the State-house serving for the use\\nof any clergvman who would visit Raleigh and seek a con-\\ngregation. The great Methodist Bishop, Francis Asbury,\\nrecords in his journal that on March Hth, 1800, he preached\\nin the State-house. Notwithstanding the day was very cold\\nand snowy we had many people to hear. I baptized a little\\nchild and came that evening to Tomas Proctor s.\\nIn 1805 or 1800 William Glendenning, a native of Scot-\\nland, removed to Raleigh and established a grocery store on\\nNewbern avenue opposite the present Episcopal Rectory. He\\nhad been a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church but\\nseceded with James O Kelly. He built the first church in\\nthe city, on Blount street between Morgan and Hargett, and\\ncalled it Bethel. He became insane and was called the\\nCrazy Parson, and, of course, made little religious impres-\\nsion on the community.\\nThe first Presbyterian congregation in Raleigh was organ-\\nized in 1806. The first regular pastor was Rev. AV^illiam\\nTurner, of Virginia, his Elders being Judge Henry Potter,\\nWilliam Shaw, and Thomas Emons. The religious services\\nwere held in the hall of the House of Commons. In June,\\n1810, the Trustees of the Raleigh Academy invited Dr.\\nWilliam McPheeters, a Presbyterian divine, to take charge\\nof the Academy and become Pastor of the City. While\\nthey had no power to confer this authority, yet the tender", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "65\\ncertainly shows singular weakness of other denominations\\nor inditierence to the subject. Certainly for several years\\nmany who did not become Presbyterians seem quietly to\\nhave accepted Dr. McPheeters as their spiritual guide, his\\nplace of preaching until 1817 being the State-house, and then\\nthe Presbyterian church.\\nThere were movements, howev^er, adverse to the autocracy\\nof the able young pastor. In 1811 the Methodists held a\\nConference for the first time in Raleigh. Bishops Asbury\\nand McKendree were present. Bishop Asbury records that\\nlie preached in the State-house to two thousand people.\\nThere was a notable revival, probably the first in Raleigh.\\nRev. Dr. Mangum, in his exhaustive history of the Metho-\\ndist Church in Raleigh, grows enthusiastic in his description\\nof it. The old State-house, so often the scene of festive\\ndelights and political excitements, now rang day and night\\nwitli sermons and songs and cries and shouts. The result\\nwas the second church edifice, the first built by any denomi-\\nnation, a plain wooden structure, finished in 1811, on the\\nlot donated by Willie Jones of Halifax, bought by him at\\nthe sale of 17^2. This building was burnt in 1839, replaced\\nin 1841 by one which was removed to give place to the pres-\\nent noble structure. The first pastor in ^811 was Canellum\\nH. Hines.\\nThe Baptists were next in the field. Elder Robert T.\\nDaniel organized a congregation in 1812. A church build-\\ning of an humble character was erected which was after-\\nwards removed to Moore Square, on this account called by\\nmany afterwards the Baptist Grove.\\nHere for many years the founders of the Baptist church\\nworshiped. It is hard to realize that the fathers and\\nmothers of this denomination, now so wealthy, once were\\naccustomed each to take a tallow candle to this humble\\nbuilding in order to produce a dim, religious light for\\nservices at night. Yet my excellent friend, Mrs. Alfred Wil-\\nliams, assures me that the practice was common. About 1835\\na division occurred, partly from overgrowth, but partly\\nalso from differences of opinion. By the special labors\\nand pecuniary sacrifices of the pastor. Rev. Amos J. Battle, a\\nnew and better edifice was erected at the southeast corner of\\nWilmington and Morgan streets. This, too, gave way, in\\n1858, to the present imposing First Baptist church, the old\\nbuilding being sold to the Roman Catholics.\\nThe congregation, whicli kept the old Moore Square church,\\ndwindled until after the civil war there remained onlv one", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "member, Mr. Mark Williams. He sold the old building to\\na colored congregation, who removed it to the trans-rail-\\nroad southern suburb, known as Hayti.\\nThe Protestant Episcopal church was not consecrated\\nuntil 1830. A convention of the Diocese was held in Kal-\\neigh in 1821 in the Supreme Court room, and this stimulated\\nthe organization of a parish in August of that year. The\\nfirst vestrymen were John Haywood, John Lewis Taylor, the\\nChief Justice, A. S. Burgess, M. D., James Henderson, M. I).,\\nand William H. Haywood, jr., afterwards Senator of the\\nUnited States. Rev. William M. Green, afterwards a pro-\\nfessor in the University of North Carolina, and then Bishop\\nof Mississippi, held services for the congregation until Bishop\\nJohn Stark Ravenscroft took charge in December, 1823. He\\nreported to the Convention of 1824 that he had officiated\\noccasionally in the Presbyterian house of worship until the\\n18th of January, when divine service was performed and\\na sermon preached morning and evening in the house rented\\nand fitted up as a temporary chapel. The number of com-\\nmunicants he reports at about twenty-five, and the whole\\nnumber connected with the congregation about thirty-five.\\nThis temporary chapel was a building called The Museum,\\nerected by Jacob Marling, a portrait painter, for exhibition\\nof curiosities, such as minerals, machinery, phantasmagoria,\\netc., for a sight of which 12| cents was charged. It now\\nbelongs to the Masonic fraternity. Bishop Ravenscroft\\nremoved to Williamsborough in 1828, and was succeeded by\\nRev. Charles P. Elliott who, after one year, resigned and\\ngave place to Rev. George W. Freeman, uncle of Mr. Edward\\nB. Freeman, long a Clerk of the Supreme Court. The old\\nchurch of 1830 was sold in 1853 to the colored Methodists,\\nand replaced by the present stone building, designed by\\nUpjohn. The old bell purchased in 1832 was, in ]861,\\ndonated to the Episcopal church at Chapel Hill.\\nThe many churches which have been built and congrega-\\ntions organized within recent years I refrain from describing,\\nas my plan is to confine myself to those of earlier times.\\nFor many years there was only one Sunday-school in the\\ncity, at first held in Glendennin s church. Bethel, and after-\\nwards in the Academy. When the hour for morning service\\napproached, the children and teachers marched to the State-\\nhouse and formed part of the congregation of Dr. McPheeters.\\nThe good man made compulsory the attendance on the\\nSunday-school by his own pupils. For repeated absences\\nwithout sufficient reason the delinquent received a sound", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "67\\nflogging on Monday morning. By such penalties the study\\nof the Shorter Catechism was undoubtedly stimulated, but\\nwe may be permitted to doubt whether the love of Chris-\\ntianity was stimulated in equal proportion.\\nTHE RALEIGH ACADEMY.\\nThe citizens of Raleigh in 1802 inaugurated the Raleigh\\nAcademy. Nathaniel Jones of White Plains, ancestor of our\\ntownsman Alfred D. Jones, was President of the Board of\\nTrustees, Joseph Gales being Secretary. Rev. Marin Detar-\\ngney, of Princeton College, was Principal, and Charles Daniel\\nwas assistant. Miss Charlotte Brodie was teacher of needle-\\nwork. Greek and Latin, Spanish and French, mathematics,\\nastronomy, navigation, etc., were offered at $5 per quarter,\\nthe English branches at $3; needle-work, free.\\nThe school seems to have met with eminent success. Its\\nclosing exercises were an epoch in the city s life. Public\\nexaminations were held and trustees were detailed to attend\\nand report upon them. An abstract of one of these reports,\\nwhich was published in the city papers, is instructive as giv-\\ning the character of the grading of the classes and the sub-\\njects taught.\\nThe report shows that there were separate classes in\\n1. Philosophy and Astronomy. 2. Horace. 3. Virgil.\\n4. Cajsar. 5. Selecti ^^eterii. 6. Erasmus. 7. .Esop s Fa-\\nbles. 8. Corderii. 9 and 10. Latin Grammar.\\nOne class in gef^graphy first, second, third and fourth\\nclasses in English Grammar; one class in English reading;\\none class in writing; first and second in spelling.\\nIn the Female Department:\\nFirst, second, third, fourth and fifth classes in spelling;\\nfirst, second, third, fourth and fifth classes in reading; first\\nsecond, third and fourth classes in English Grammar; one\\nclass in parsing in Blair s Lectures; first and second classes in\\ngeography first and second classes in writing; first, second\\nand third classes in embroidery one class in tambour work\\none class in cotton floss work one class in alphabetical sam-\\nplers.\\nThe examinations occupied Thursday and Friday. On\\nSaturday the students read compositions and pronounced\\nspeeches to Marge and respectable audiences. Those who\\ndid best were publicly announced, but I see no mention of\\nprizes.\\nAfter the close in 1809 the students presented a comedy\\ncalled Sighs, or (he Daughter, and the farce of Trick upon", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68\\nTrick, for the benefit of the Polemic Lil^rary, which, I sup-\\npose, belonged to the school. At night was a ball attended\\nby the older pupils.\\nThe Trustees of 1802 were Nathaniel Jones (White Plains),\\nJohn Hughes, William White, Henry Seawell, Simon Turner,\\nWilliam BoNdan, John Marshall and Joseph Gales. To these\\nwere added, in 1809. Redding Jones, Allen Rogers, W. H.\\nHaywood, S. Goodwin, Beverly Daniel, W. Shaw, Joseph\\nPeace, S. Bond, William Peck, William Hill, Charles Parish\\nand John Raboteau.\\nIt will be noticed that great stress is laid on Latin in the\\ntraining of the boys, while the girls were confined to the\\nEnglish branches. Further, it is observable that the princi-\\nple of practical training, so much talked of in modern times,\\nwas introduced for the benefit of the girls, while the boys\\nhad none at all. The boys w ere instructed as if they were\\ndesigned for one of the learned professions. The girls were\\neducated to be good spellers and readers, to be well acquainted\\nwith geography, and their hands were trained to be able to\\nuse deftly the needle. Many of them, too, learned to play\\non a piano or guitar under a music teacher of reputation, an\\nEnglishman named Thomas Sambourne. They were well\\ntaught, too. My soul tbrills after the lapse of half a century\\nwith the inspiriting tunes which leaped from the rapidly\\nflying fingers of the dear ladies of the old school Virginia\\nReels, Battle of Prague, Coronation March, and the like.\\nThey were not stuffed with the classics and higher mathe-\\nmatics and other ologies, but they were taught to be grace-\\nful and agreeable companions and excellent housewives. I\\nmay be wrong, but I must state my opinion, that, although\\nno prettier than the girls of the present day, for that is sim-\\nply impossible, thev understood and practised better than\\ntheir descendants the art of conversation. Governor Swain\\nin his Tucker Hall address printed a letter w^ritten by Mrs.\\nWinifred Gales and signed by sixteen Raleigh ladies, accom-\\npanying the gift of a pair of globes and a compass to the\\nnew University of the State. I have the original to show you.\\nYou will find that not only is the letter couched in good\\nEnglish, but the handwriting is all good, lady-like and legi-\\nhle. You will further find that the fashion of covering the\\nside of the sheet with three or four lines of illegible hiero-\\nglyphics had not invaded our city in 1802.\\nLet us read the names of those ladies: S. W. Potter,\\nEliza E. Llaywood, Sarah Polk, Anna White, Martha\\nMcKeethan, Margaret Casso, Eliza Williams, Nancy Bond,", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "69\\nHannah Paddisson, Susanna Parish, Ann O Bryan, E. H. P.\\nSmith, Nancy Haywood, Priscilla Shaw, Rebecca Williams,\\nWinifred Mears.\\nAll have long ago closed their eyes forever on the beauti-\\nful town they luved so well, and whose society they adorned.\\nBut their teachings and their examples will live in the\\ncharacter of those with whom in life they were thrown until\\nthey shall all meet around the throne of God. Let us hope\\nthat the benediction on the University uttered by these\\ngood ladies ninety years ago May the past, present and\\nfuture students distinguish themselves in society, no less\\nby their literary attainments, than by a virtuous course of\\nconduct, which, giving additional lustre to talents, will ren-\\nder them at once useful and honorable members of society\\nbe realized unfailingly and abundantly in all the years to\\ncome\\nIn 1810 there was elected to take charge of the Academy\\na native of one of the lovely counties of Virginia, in whose\\ncold, clear springs the noble James river has its source, a\\nyoung preacher of the Presbyterian church, destined to have\\na great influence in moulding the character of our people,\\nRev. William McPheeters, honored in 1819 with the degree\\nof Doctor of Divinity by the University of the State. Dr.\\nMcPheeters was a man of learning and of strongest charac-\\nter, of great personal magnetism, an admirable teacher, kind\\nto all, but inflexibly severe to ofl enders. It shows the primi-\\ntive state of our society tiiat he was elected, as I have stated, by\\nthe Trustees not only teacher of the Acadeni}^, but Pastor of\\nthe City. He preached most acceptably in the State-house\\nuntil 1817, when the Presbyterian church was erected. He\\ngave up the Academy about 1833. In 1837 he spent a year\\nin Fayetteville in charge of a large female seminary, and\\nresigned on account of failing health. For the same reason\\nhe declined the tender of the presidency of Davidson Col-\\nlege. He returned to Raleigh, to die, in 1842.\\nThere was no more influential man in the State than Dr.\\nMcPheeters. Besides his ministerial duties, he was a great\\npower in education. Two j^ears after coming to North Caro-\\nlina he was elected a Trustee of the Universit3^ His school\\nreceived patronage from all parts of the South, from Vir-\\nginia to Louisiana. He was impartial in his kindness and\\nhis severity, as exacting with large boys as with small.\\nOnce when a boy, almost ready to enter the University, pre-\\nsuming on his size, and possibly on his being the son of the\\ngreat Colonel Polk, ran from the threatening rod in full speed", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70\\ntowards home, the Doctor pursued, and in sight of the awe-\\nstruck pupils captured the fleeing youth and administered\\nsuch a tanning as was the source of abundant good to the\\nfuture Bishop of Louisiana and Lieutenant General of the\\nConfederacy. The Bishop thanked him afterwards, saying\\nit was the turning point of his life. Among his pupils\\nwere some of the most eminent men in the land who all\\ntestified to his superiority.\\nDr. McPheeters had some able assistants. Among them\\nI notice a young immigrant from Scotland, who was married\\nwhile a citizen of Raleigh and afterwards became one of the\\nmost distinguished teachers in the South, Rev. Alexander\\nWilson, on whom our University conferred the degree of\\nDoctor of Divinity in 1839. James Grant, who graduated\\nat our University in 1831, by teaching in the same school\\nraised the money which enabled him to emigrate to Iowa,\\nbecome an eminent lawyer and Judge, and near the close of\\nhis life to be a benefactor of his Alma Mater.\\nIn 1832, in consequence of the failing health of Dr. Mc-\\nPheeters, an ambitious attempt was made to establish at\\nRaleigh a large school under the auspices of the Protestant\\nEpiscopal church. Subscriptions amounting to about $12,-\\n000 were procured, mostly payable in the future, while the\\nbuildings were erected on a tract of 159|^ acres, on a mort-\\ngage of the property. Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell, afterwards\\nthe learned librarian of the Astor Library in New York, was\\nthe first Principal. The school was at first greatly success-\\nful in securing patronage, at one time reaching 135, but the\\ndiscipline was bad, the financial support failed, and the\\npupils fell away. In 1838 it was closed and the property\\nsold to Duncan Cameron.\\nBut the promoters of the enterprise builded better than\\nthey knew. After this school for boys had failed, in 1842\\nthere was inaugurated in the same buildings St. Mary s\\nSchool for girls. Its founder, Rev. Dr. Aldert Smedes, had\\nrare qualifications for this work. He was a man of big brain\\nand great heart. During the privations of the great Civil\\nWar, and in the troublous years afterwards, the doors of\\nhis school were kept open, even when he was suffering a\\npecuniary loss. His benefactions in the way of free tuition\\nand board on credit, at all times liberal, were in those days\\nprincely. There is no calculating the amount of his iniiu-\\nence in the thousands of homes adorned by his pupils all\\nthrough the Southern States. Peace Institute, although not", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "71\\nrooted so far in the past, forms with St. Mary s a pair of noble\\ninstitutions of which Raleigh is and has reason to be proud.\\nEducation was not made easy in the old-time schools for\\nboys. Their teachers were faithful and learned, as a rule,\\nbut the methods were not calculated to make learning and\\nliterature popular with the rising generation. People believed\\nthat teaching and medicine were alike in the respect that\\nthe more nauseous they were the greater good was effected.\\nMost teachers ruled by fear rather than love. The com-\\nbined din of body-wrapping switch and howling boys was\\noften heard from the school-room. As a necessary conse-\\nquence schools were odious to the pupil. The average\\nscholar, as he was called, looked on any youngster who\\nclaimed to love school as a devotee of the Father of Lies, rather\\nthan of the God of Truth, and as seeking under unholy pre-\\ntences to obtain the praise of the teacher. The books taught\\nwere, as a rule, without illustrations and expressed in lan-\\nguage above childish comprehension. It strikes one with\\nastonishment to see what dry abstract passages of great\\nauthors are contained in the juvenile readers of old times,\\nand to notice what polysyllabic words were contained in\\ndefinitions to be learned by mere children. Things had im-\\nproved some in m}^ boyhood, but I remember that when\\neight years old I was forced to study a book in which my\\nduty was, under penalty of the rod, to spell such words as\\ndruggist, and then give from nitniory the so-called definition\\npharmacopolist.\\nThe result was that boys regarded themselves in a state of\\nwar with the teacher. It w;sgoud morals to cheat him in\\nall possible ways. The teacher, especially Dr. McPheeters,\\nwavS generally too wary for the most cunning. I recall a\\nforged excuse offered by a youth who had run off on a fish-\\ning excursion. Philemon are contained at home by dispo-\\nsition. It was signed, apparently, by his older sister. The\\nDoctor said with a dangerous glitter in his eye, Your sister\\ndid not write this! whereupon Philemon, in alarm, blurted\\nout, Sister never could spell, no how.\\nMr. Lovejoy, Jefferson Madison Lovejoy, Old Jeff, was\\nthe last of the old-time teachers, and he became somewhat\\nmilder at the close of his career. His standing rule was a lick\\nfor each word missed, and he seemed to enjoy the infliction.\\nI have heard him ridicule a moaning sufferer. What is\\na whipping? Nothing but bringing a stick into contact with\\na boy s leg. Why make a fuss about that?", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "72\\nOn the whole, he was a good teacher and kind to those\\nwho would do right and obey orders. He was a man of\\nforce and striking peculiarities of manner and diction. With\\nwhat awe I listened to his account of his courtship of his\\nexcellent wife. I courted her. She said No! I said,\\nif you will not have me you shall not marry another. I\\nwill watch. If any man shows attention to you I will KILL\\nhim! She was a good woman. She did not want young\\nmen slaughtered. She did not want me to be hung for mur-\\nder. She married me, and has been the best wife in the\\nworld.\\nPUBLIC SCHOOLS.\\nWhile the private, or, as they were called, subscription\\nschools, of Raleigh were as a rule of high order, the public\\nschools were, until a recent date, more confined to the lower\\ngrades, the thre R s, as they were called, Reading Riting\\nand Rithmetic. The school-houses were built about 1841,\\nFavetteville and Halifax streets being the dividing line be-\\ntween two districts. The eastern school-house was in Moore\\nSquare, usually known as the Baptist Grove the western\\non William Boylan s land, immediately west of the land of\\nSylvester Smith. This latter was abandoned in a year or\\ntwo, and another built on the southwest corner of Cabarrus\\nand McDowell streets. After a few years a third, designed\\nfor females only, was built at the northwest corner of the\\nCity Cemetery. The Cabarrus and McDowell street house\\nwas sold to the Gas Company, and another erected in Nash\\nSquare, whence, after the war, it was removed to one of the\\nbrick-yard lots west of D. C. Murray s residence. These\\nwere humble beginnings of our noble Centennial and Mur-\\nphey Graded Schools.\\nvSOCIAL LIFE OF EARLY RALEIGH.\\nIt would be a pleasant task to sketch the character of all\\nthe prominent men and women who have illustrated our\\ncity s past, but this would give my address an intolerable\\nlength. Confining myself to the early citizens, let us give\\nsome account of their social life.\\nOwing to the fact that housekeepers owned their cooks and\\nhouse-servants, there was a more free hospitality than is\\npossible now. Many families had waiters of faultless skill\\nin the conduct of the great feasts so common in the good\\nold days. But as a rule matrons were not by any means\\nrelieved from care.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "73\\nIt is true that she could command their labor and had no\\nfears of being left servantless at a critical moment. It is\\ntrue that she had her cows, who cropped unmolested the\\ngrass on the streets and in the neighboring meadows;\\nher pigs, who revelled in the acorns and hickory-nuts of\\nuncleared forests; poultry in the backyard, dreading no enemy\\nbut the mink and the opossum. But her servants were\\noften as raw and green as the cabbages in the gardens, and\\nit was necessary carefully to tutor them to avoid ludicrous\\nmistakes. Even with the extremest care disconcerting blun-\\nders were not infrequent. I recall an incident at the table of an\\nelegant lady of English birth. A large company was present.\\n8he had prepared a number of pies, which she desired to be\\nheated at the proper time for the dessert. She said to her\\nwaiting maid in a low tone, Go, eat the pies! The\\nmaid disappeared. A long interval ensued. The lady was\\nin agony. At last the maid returned. There was a glow of\\nhappine-s on her cheeks and a suspiciously moist appear-\\nance about her lips. The mistress whispered, impatiently,\\nI told 3^ou to eat the pies I done eat era, ma am was\\nthe horrifying re[)ly.\\nHere is a case which happened at my grandmother s table\\nThe servant was instructed to hand plates on the left sides\\nof the guests. She avowed, I don t know, ma am, nothin\\nabout left sides! Well, you know which is the right side,\\ndon t you No, ma am, I don t know nothin about right\\n.sides, nuther Gentlemen at that date were used to have\\nbright brass buttons on the left lappels of their coats, so my\\ngrandmother told her to hand the plates on the side where\\nthe buttons were. Alas for human hopes One of the com-\\npany was just from Washington City, and was decorated\\nwith the latei^t Parisian style of brass buttons on both breasts\\nof his coat. So my grandmother was thrown into consterna-\\ntion by the girl saying in a tone loud enough to reach the\\nwhole table, Miss, dere s a gem man what s got buttons on\\nbofe sides of his coat which must I hand to?\\nMy elder hearers can doubtless recall many such instances\\nin their own households. The tact and good sense of the\\nmistress under such adverse circumstances was needed to\\nturn the misfortune into a source of merriment, but many a\\nsensitive nature was saddened by the mishap.\\nI am proud to state that the treatment of slaves in Raleigh\\nwas generally kindly and wise. Nowhere was there a more\\nagreeable feeling between the races. Masters and mistresses\\ndid their best to train their servants into habits of virtue\\n5", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74\\nand industry. Their efforts met with much success. No-\\nwhere were better cooks, seamstresses, houser naids, mechan-\\nics and hostlers. When fires occurred the colored were always\\nat hand and worked as hard, mounted as dangerous roofs,\\nand were as much singed by the scorching fiames as the\\nw^hites. Throughout the war the colored people were, as a\\nrule, true to their owners, and after its close neither the\\nunbalancing effects of emancipation, nor the heated discus-\\nsions incident to politics, introduced any permanent ill-feel-\\ning between the races. For this truly christian spirit the\\nold people of Raleigh should have the credit.\\nGOVERNOR S RECEPTION.\\nIt was the fashion for the Governors to give public recep-\\nt ons every year during the session of the General Assembly.\\nTo these were invited not only all the members but all repu-\\ntable people of the city. It was by means of such social\\ninfluences that the Governors retained their power. The\\nConstitution of 1776 gave the General Assembly not only the\\nelection of the executive officers, but the entire control of\\ntheir salaries. When an anxious patriot, who had dreaded\\nthe arbitrary power of Tryon and Josiah Martin, asked Wil-\\nliam Hooper, on his return from the Congress at Halifax,\\nWhat powers did you give the Governor? his reply was\\ntranquilizing, We gave him the power to sign the receipt\\nfor his salary no more. Yet these officers by their intel-\\nlectual and social pre-eminence exerted a strong and abiding\\ninfluence in the control of aflairs in the State. Nearly all of\\nthe early Governors were elected three years in succession,\\nwhich was the constitutional limit, and most of them were\\nat the close of their term transferred to positions of their\\nchoice. For example, Martin, Johnston, Turner, Stone,\\nBranch, Franklin, Iredell, Stokes, were all made Senators of\\nthe United States, and Swain President of the University.\\nThe last was such a favorite Judge, Solicitor, Governor be-\\nfore he was thirty-four years of age that when he was elected\\nPresident of the University Dr. William Hooper cynically\\nremarked, The people have given him every office, and now\\nsend him to the University to be educated.\\nPUBLIC BALLS.\\nA prominent feature of social life was the public ball, or,\\nto use an euphemistic name coined about 1807, Subscription", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "75\\nAssembly. The general rule was that all respectable men,\\nwho paid the fee, sometimes as high as five dollars, were\\nprivileged to attend. Managers were appointed, invested\\nwith larger powers than similar officers of our hops. They\\nconducted the introduction of strangers to one another, and\\nassigned partners at their discretion. It was considered good\\nform not to decline to carry out their arrangements. Mrs.\\nKenneth Rayner, who in her distant home in the Southwest\\nstill has a Raleigh heart, writes me that soon after the mar-\\nriage of her father (Col. William Polk) to Miss Sarah Haw-\\nkins, aunt, by the by, of Dr. Wm. J. Hawkins, the managers\\nassigned to her mother a partner very inferior to her in social\\nrank. Colonel Polk was an aristocrat of the first water and\\nan ardent Federalist, all the more devoted to his party be-\\ncause the tide of public opinion was running furiously and\\nfatally against it. His anger began to blaze at the supposed\\ninsult, and he would probably have made a public exhibi-\\ntion of his wrath if his wife had not laid her hand gently on\\nhis shoulder, saying, My dear, don t be angry. These peo-\\nple hoped to annoy you. I will dance with the gentleman\\nand prevent their enjoying their spite. And so she did,\\nshowing the excellent sense which distinguished her. This\\nassignment of partners by the managers applied probably\\nonly to the regular sets on the programme. After these the\\nparties got together according to their own affinities. I\\nrecall a case where the son of a butcher was refused by sev-\\neral ladies because he did not visit in their set. Then a very\\npopular belle who witnessed his mortification called up a\\nmanager and said, Tell him to ask me. I will dance with\\nhim. She did dance with him and never had cause to\\nregret it.\\nThis last incident happened in AVarrenton, but I wish to\\nrecord for the honor of Raleigh that its society, though\\ncomposed of the elite of the State, equal to any in the South,\\nwas never haughty and exclusive. It readily admitted those\\nwho, without possessing the advantages of birth or fortune,\\nhad high character, good sense, and the tact enabling them\\nto conform to its usages.\\nDances were mainly jigs, reels and cotillions, or contra-\\ndances, mispronounced country dances. The grand minuet\\nhad gone out of fashion. Not long before his death in 1836,\\nat the request of a party of young folks. Colonel Polk and\\nMiss Betsy Geddy, one of the best of the noble tribe of old\\nmaids, went through its antiquated figures for the amuse-\\nment of the company. The music was almost invariably", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "76\\nfurnished by colored fiddlers, who acquired wonderful skill\\nin playing their dance tunes. By constant repetition the\\nmusical sounds would be brought out in due harmony,\\nwhether the wielder of the bow was awake or asleep, sober\\nor, as he often was, drunk. The music was extremely\\ninspiriting. As you listened you could actually hear the\\nviolin shriek out the request, Molly, put the kettle on, or\\ninquire facetiously\\nOld Molly Hare, what are you doin^ there\\nHitting in a corner smoking a cigar.\\nOr ask, as if it expected an answer\\nOh! Mister Revel,\\nDid you ever see the devil\\nVVith his wooden spade and shovel,\\nA digging up the gravel\\nWith his long toe-uail?\\nOr, changing the subject, would inform us that, The crow\\nhe peeped at the weasel, and the weasel he peeped at the\\ncrow. The music may not have been as scientific as in\\nmodern days, but there was vastly more fun in it. It would\\nstrike the auric nerve, run down to your feet and put motion\\ninto your toes in spite of the strongest resolutions against\\nit. Men who had lost their feet affirmed that it set agoing\\nthe toes which had been buried years ago. It seemed to be\\ndangerous to play those tunes in the presence of marble\\nstatues, unless they were securely fastened to the floor. The\\nold revivalists who wished to wean their converts from the\\nvanities of balls, felt compelled to proscribe the fiddle as the\\nDevil s instrument. When I was a boy it was a general\\nreligious tenet, that playing it was a sin equal to dancing,\\nhorse-racing, cock-fighting and gambling.\\nIt is easy to see why the revivalists took this ground.\\nIt was the habit of the time to indulge freely the use of\\nspirituous liquors. Our forefathers, not our foremothers,\\nthought they were drinking down health and long life. In\\nfact, even when they didnot become drunkards and die the\\ndrunkard s death, they were gathering to themselves all such\\nevils as gout, disease of the liver, of the heart, of the kid-\\nneys. It was the fashion to offer spirits on all occasions.\\nMy father told me that when he was in the Legislature in\\n1833- 34, the members, as a rule, kept a jug in their rooms\\nand offered a glass to every visitor. All social meetings had\\nabundance of it, and it was the attraction which brought\\nthe neighbors together at log-rollings and corn-shuckings.\\nI recall seeing my father, when his colored manager invited", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "77\\nthe neighboring negroes to a corn-shucking, although he\\nhimself was an abstainer, supplying the whiskey to enliven\\nthe workers. The scene was an inspiriting one. The bright\\ncorn ears, as they were torn from their enveloping shucks\\nand thrown on the rapidly growing pile, flashed in the\\nbright blaze of the lightwood tire, and the loud chanting of\\nthe negro song echoed weirdly from the surrounding woods.\\nAt the close the leaders seized him in defiance of his protests\\nand carried him around thedwelling-houseon their shoulders,\\nthe entire crowd accompanying, and singing the old song,\\nRound the corn, Sally! He had not then reached the\\ndignity of a Judge, but, I think, judicial dignity would not\\nhave protected him.\\nPUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.\\nThe circus, which for scores of years has set people wild,\\nwas not known in the early days. But theatrical and sleight-\\nof-hand performances and feats of agility and strength were\\nmuch enjoyed. Here is what Ifind in an old advertisement\\nFEATS OF ACTIVITY\\nWilliam Powers Knight. Lately from Charleston. He will stick\\ntwo pins in the stage in front of his feet, and throw his head backward\\nbetween his legs and take up one pin in each eyelid.\\nHe will stand on the small kuob of a chair with his heels up and dance\\na hornpipe.\\nHe will dance a hornpipe with both feet on the crown of his head.\\nAnd so on with a half dozen more similar contortions,\\nand offering to refund the price of admission, five shillings,\\nor fifty cents, if he should fail.\\nThe theatrical performances, sometimes by strolling play-\\ners, and very often b}^ amateurs of the city, were greatly\\nenjoyed, though the scenery was extremely simple. Occa-\\nsionally a young man would develop such histrionic talent\\nas to incite him to become an orator on the political stump.\\nCOURT SCENES.\\nIn addition to the annual meetings of the General Assem-\\nbly, our citizens watched the proceedings of the courts, State\\nand Federal, with an intensity of interest only paralleled by\\nthat excited by the Ku-klux trials and the special-tax bond\\nsuits soon after the close of our Civil War. There were\\nmany great questions to be settled, and conspicuous crimi-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "78\\nnals to be prosecuted, and some of the judges and lawyers\\nwere of uncommon ability. I have already told of the\\nspecial tribunal for the trial of Secretary of State Glasgow\\nand his associates. Another case of extreme importance\\nwas the ejectment suit brought in the United States District\\nCourt by the Earl of Coventry and others, heirs at law of\\nEarl Granville, against William Richardson Davie, and a\\nsecond suit by the same parties against Josiah Collins, as\\ntest cases, to enforce their claim to tlie magnificent territory\\nallotted in 1744 to Earl Granville as heir of the original\\nLord Proprietor, Sir George Carteret. A\u00c2\u00a5e read in the Ral-\\neigh Register that on Thursday William Gaston, for the\\nplaintifis, spoke at great length, and with much method,\\nperspicuity, eloquence and strength. The defence was con-\\nducted by [Duncan] Cameron, [Blake] Baker and\\nWoods, with great ingenuity, skill and force, and the argu-\\nment was closed on Saturday by Mr. [Edward] Harris, for\\nthe plaintiffs, with much learning and ability. The case\\nwas decided against the plaintiffs, and the appeal to the\\nSupreme Court of the United States was never prosecuted to\\na hearing, probably because of the war of 1812.\\nThe time consumed in the trial of this case was very sel-\\ndom equalled in the early days. It was rare that more than\\none day was consumed, the spinning out to weary length of\\nexaminations of witnesses and arguments of counsel being\\na modern invention.\\nPUBLIC HANGINGS.\\nPublic hangings I must not call one of the amusements of\\nthe old days, but they were productive of so much interest and\\nexcitement that I must describe them. They were thought to\\nafford high moral instruction. The unfortunate wretch was\\nclothed in a white shroud and seated on his coffin in a cart, a\\nminister of the gospel and the officers of the law, together with a\\nmilitary company, attending. Startingfrom the jail the dismal\\ncavalcade marched to the place where the gallows was ready.\\nIn the earliest times the arrangements, though effective, were\\nexceedingly simple. Phil. Terrell, already mentioned, was\\nsuspended to an oak tree between South and Lenoir streets.\\nAt another time a cross-beam was placed between two trees\\nnear the old city graveyard. At another a similar beam\\nwas placed between two pines on Gallows Hill, which was\\nthe southwestern reservation, at the corner of South and\\nAVest streets. After that the rock quarry was selected and a", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "79\\nregular gallows erected. For some years the criminal was\\nlelt in the cart, and after the adjustment of the rope the horse\\nwas driven from beneath the beam. The instinctive love of\\nlife prompted the criminal to struggle to keep his feet on the\\nmoving vehicle as long as possible in a manner horrifying\\nto the spectators. Hence the trap was introduced, held up\\nby a rope passed over a limb or beam and cut with a chisel\\nat the critical moment. Pulling up the condemned man by\\na heavy weight is of modern origin. The crowds present, as\\nI have been told I never witnessed one of these hangings\\nwere, as a rule, seemingly impressed with the solemnity of\\nthe scene. I am grieved to say, however, that when once,\\nafter the rope was adjusted, a reprieve came from the Gov-\\nernor, there were many expressions of disappointment on the\\npart of those who had travelled many miles to witness the\\nconsummation. A decent-looking w^oman was heard to say\\nindignantly, T won t never go again to see him hung if he\\nnever is hung, as if she had been conferring a favor on the\\nreprieved man by coming to his taking off. A newly mar-\\nried couple in Granville journeyed to a hanging as a bridal\\ntour. Whatever may be thought of the attitude of the peo-\\nple of the first part of this century to this subject, I am bound\\nto record that many good people thought it right, and some\\nthought it a duty, to be present on all similar executions of\\nthe sentence of the law.\\nDUELS.\\nWe are happilv in our day spared the constant thrilling\\nanxiety which our grandparents had in consequence of the\\nfrequency of duels, often resulting in the death of one or both\\nparties. Public opinion inexorably demanded that there\\nshould be no shrinking from the ordeal. In South Carolina\\nmen of established reputation thought it no shame to act as\\nseconds to two belligerent students of the State College, and\\nassisted them in a combat which resulted in the death of\\none and so terribly wounding of the other that his usefulness\\nfor life was destroyed. I am glad to say that I find no mor-\\ntal combats between citizens of Raleigh, although divers men\\nwho had engaged in them afterwards made their home within\\nits limits. I am glad, too, that the editors of Ijoth our news-\\npapers, Mr. Joseph Gales and Mr. William Boylan, had the\\ncourage to raise their voices against the horrible practice.\\nThe following eloquent apostrophe appears in the Minerva,\\nof 1807, after giving an item to the effect that in Beaufort,", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "80\\nSouth Carolina, Arthur Smith on Monday afternoon and\\nThomas Hutson on Tuesday of the same week had been slain\\nin duels:\\nOh, thou idol, who delightest in human sacrifice who offerest up\\nblood as sweet-smelling incense! when will thy reign cease? Oh, ye\\nvotaries of this Moloch, ye abettors of murder and bloodshed Remem-\\nber that thedav will assuredly come when you will know whether you\\nare to form your actions by the laws of honor, or the laws of God!\\nIt was seldom that these affairs of honor, as they were\\ncalled, were bloodless. The combatants usually aimed to\\nkill, the distances were short, generally ten paces, the\\nweapons pistols, carrying balls as large as the end of one s\\nthumb. There were no amusing comments of the French\\ntype regarding the result. I find only one chronicle of a\\nhumorous nature, ridiculous because the challenge did not\\nconform to the rules of the code. I copy it verbatim,.\\nSir. You will please bring your gun and Tom Brown to Mr. Ja.\\nJoneses in the morning to give me consolation.\\nNATHAN L MORRIS.\\nTo Mr. Wm. Dillard, Wake county.\\nI have searched the subsequent columns in vain in order\\nto ascertain whether the irate Mr. Morris ever got his con-\\nsolation from Mr. Dillard and his gun. As newspapers\\nthen, as now, never failed to chronicle bloody tragedies, the\\nprobabilities are that the soil of Wake county was not fer-\\ntilized by the gore of either the offender or his disconsolate\\nfoe.\\nMAILS AND TRAVELLERS.\\nIt is difficult for us with our frequent mails and rapid and\\ncomfortable ti avelling to realize the evils suffered by our\\nancestors for want of postal and tran ^portation facilities.\\nThe only mail and passenger coaches from the North via\\nRaleigh, in the early years of the century, left Petersburg\\non Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 3 a. m. They\\narrived at Warrenton on the same days at 8 p. m., seventeen\\nhours on the road. They left Warrenton at 3 o clock\\nnext morning, and were expected to be in Raleigh the same\\nday at 6 p.m., covering fifty-five miles in fifteen hours. The\\ntravellers and mails going further south left Raleigh on Mon-\\ndays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 3 a. m., and were to be in\\nFayetteville on the same days at 5 p. m. They proceeded to\\nCharleston by way of Georgetown at the same rate of speed.\\nBesides the loss of time, travellers suffered greatly from the\\nconstrained position of the body in the coaches, especially", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "81\\nwhen crowded, and from heat in summer and cold in win-\\nter. In one respect, however, the old-time citizens had the\\nadvantage over the modern, as I myself can recall. This\\nwas the keen pleasurable excitement experienced at the\\narrival of the stage, as the mail coaches were called, bring-\\ning news from friends and the world in general after\\ntwo days suspense. I firmly believe that no music is ever\\nso sweet to the people of to-day as were, before the steam\\nlocomotive came into our city, the distant notes of the old\\nstage-horns, sounding wild and clear in the eveningair from\\nthe Crabtree hills. And no man is ever so great in these\\ndays as were the drivers who blew those horns, as with\\nthundering trot their beautiful horses dashed up to the post-\\noffice. The news from Europe came in with corresponding\\nslowness. For example, the Minerva of September 17, 1807,\\nhas the latest irom Bos on September 2. By arrival of\\nship Sally, in forty-two days from Liverpool, we have\\nreceived our London files complete to the 17th of July.\\nThese contained the first news of the Peace of Tilsit betw een\\nFrance and Prussia made on June 22. Two thousand gal-\\nlant British soldiers were shot down by the troops of General\\nJackson at the battle of New Orleans on the 8th of January,\\n1815, fifteen days after the declaration of peace. And the\\nnews of this brilliant victory was not heard in Raleigh until\\nthe 17th of February, the period of transmission being forty\\ndays.\\nPRICES.\\nWe are accustomed to hear of the superior economical\\nhabits of our grandsires. I do not dispute altogether this\\nbelief, but I must explain that there were tw^o good reasons for\\ntheir being so virtuous. One is, that on account of the great\\nexpense of freights owing to the want of good roads, incomes\\nin cash were smaller than in our day. The second reason is,\\nthat for like cause, and aho for lack of labor-saving machinery,\\nprices of articles raised at home were much higher. I have\\nthe mercantile books of W. J. Peace for the early part of\\nthe century. I have a guilty sensation, like that of an eaves-\\ndropper, in seeing what the belles and beaux of the period\\nwere accustomed to buy ribbons and combs and calicoes,\\nsilk handkerchiefs, teas and coffee?, and, shall I tell on them,\\nbrandy and rum. I mention no names, but to make you\\nmore content with your monthly store accounts, I state that\\na dozen needles cost 25 cents, a silk handkerchief (bandana)\\n$1 25, a muslin handkerchief 70 cents, a yard of broadcloth", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82\\n$7, a pound of pepper 70 cents, a pair of cotton hose $1.40,\\none dozen pewter plates $4.50, a pound of Hyson tea $2.50,\\na yard of linen 70 cents, a pound of gunpowder, $1, a pound\\nof shot 15 cents. Nails were sold b} number, not by the\\npound, e. g., fifty ten-penny nails 15 cents. Brandy was\\ncheaper, $1 60 a gallon, but the loaf-sugar for sweetening the\\njulep was 45 cents a pound.\\nFOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATIONS.\\nIt is impossible for us at this late day to realize the inten-\\nsity of the enthusiasm which our fathers and grandfathers\\nhad in all matters relating directly or indirectly to the Revo-\\nlutionary War. It was beginning to die out when I was a\\nboy, but I will never forget the grand militia musterings, the\\ngorgeous uniforms of the officers, and the shrill sound of the\\ndrum and fife in the warlike tunes of Yankee Doodle, and\\nThree little Pigs, three little Pigs and a Bob-tailed Sow.\\nWhen old soldiers who had participated in the struggle and\\ncould talk about its victories still survived, there was a liv-\\ning, intense interest, which manifested itself in fondness for\\nprocessions and toast-drinkings and military companies and\\npatriotic shoutings, which scaled the loftiest clouds and\\nmade the welkin ring.\\nNowhere was this spirit greater than at Raleigh. Besides\\nother war-men, we had a distinguished leader, Colonel Polk,\\nwho had fought throughout the Revolution, and bore scars\\nof battle upon his stalwart body. He appeared proud and\\nreserved at other limes, but at anniversaries of our independ-\\nence he deemed it a patriotic duty to unbend and join in\\nand promote the general joy. For this work he had peculiar\\ngifts to enable him to shine in the post to which he was by\\nuniversal consent always assigned, that of president, or,\\nif the Governor was present, acting vice-president of the\\nfestival.\\nHe had an assistant who was also peculiarly fitted for such\\noccasions. His name was F. H. Reeder. Reeder was a tinner\\nby trade, who had a talent for writing doggerel and a voice for\\nsinging. He was a private in the army that fought at Bla-\\ndensburg, and felt bound to obey an old officer, whether\\nordered to sing a song, propose a toast, drink a dram as\\ndeep as the Zuyder Zee, or shout vociferous hurrahs until\\nthey echoed back from the Crabtree hills. It was a rare treat\\nto see once a year this patriotic veteran, with about half a\\ndozen full horns under his jacket, meandering around the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "83\\nold Colonel who served under Washington, ordinarily proud,\\nbut hail-fellow-well-met to-day, and fondly saying, Col-\\nonel, you are such a clever fellow on the Fourth of July.\\nI must read you one of Reeder s odes. At this late day I\\ncannot discover whether it was original with him, or what\\ncandidate it satirises\\nREEDER S ODE.\\nThe election times are drawing nigh\\nWho shall we send to the Assembly, saj\\nEach clined to Legislature far,\\nWould fain to Raleigh haste away.\\nThose gentlemen we ve sent so long,\\nI think at home they now might stay\\nThis is the burden of my song:\\nLet every puppy have his day.\\nDon t for the sly physician vote,\\nThough he may for your interest urge\\nHe ll cram his physic down your throat.\\nAnd stablish by the law his charge.\\nWhen hlistered, glystered, cupped and bled,\\nHe 11 drean your body and your purse;\\nAnd when you re in your cofiSn laid.\\nAll you leave is his of course.\\nThe lawyer, he should not go there\\nLawyers were knaves from early time;\\nTheir quirks and quavers we should dread.\\nNor up to power let them climb.\\nAnd if by chance he should go there,\\nHe ll make a law to raise his fees.\\nAnd leave you neither horse nor cow,\\nNor hog your hominy to grease.\\nThe farmer, he should rot go there,\\nBy chance his noddle it would pop;\\nHe d think himself a gentleman,\\nTwould raise his pride and spoil his crop.\\nThen what would such a noodle do!\\nLet him employ his clumsy paws\\nIn handling of his hoes and ploughs.\\nAnd never dream of making laws.\\nWell, who the devil shall we send!\\nLet me alone for that my dears\\nA friend to you I ll recommend,\\nWho ll guard your freedom with his shears.\\nBow-legged and firmly he will stand.\\nProtecting you from all abuse.\\nWith long sharp bodkin in one hand.\\nAnd in the other a red-hot goose.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84\\nThe celebration of the 4th of July, 1812, wa?, on account\\nof the pendency of the war, of peculiar interest, and I must\\ngive a description of it.\\nAt 9 o clock there was an oration before the Polemic Soci-\\nety by a brilliant young orator, who afterwards attained\\nnational fame, Willie P. Mangum, of Orange, not yet twenty-\\none years of age. At 11 o clock there was a parade by Cap-\\ntain Henderson s cavalry and Captain Wiatt s infantry, lead-\\ning a procession to Union Square. Then Mr. Thomas G. Hen-\\nderson delivered an oration, which was followed by hymns.\\nThe declaration of war and proclamation of President Madi-\\nson w^ere read by Mr. Henderson Lucas, co-editor with Hen-\\nderson of The Star newspaper. Rev. James Hall, of\\nCabarrus, a Revolutionary soldier, offered a prayer. A din-\\nner was subsequently given to seventy guests Governor\\nWilliam Hawkins being nominal president, but Colonel\\nPolk, as vice-president, really the master of ceremonies. I\\ngive the headings of the toasts that you may see what our\\nforefathers were thinking about. I wish I had time to give\\nthe whole of each as there is much literary excellence in\\nsome of them\\n1. The 4lh of July, 1776.\\n2 The Memory of George W^ashington.\\n3. The Officers and Soldiers of the Revolutionary Army.\\n4. The Patriots and Statesmen of 1776.\\n5. The Convention of 1787\\n6. The People of the United States.\\n7. The President of the United State.\\n8. The Congress and the Constituted Authorities of the\\nUnited States.\\n9. The Militia, Army and Navy.\\n10. An Honorable and Speedy Termination of the W^ar\\nwhich the Injustices and Aggressions of Great Britain has\\nInaugurated.\\n11. Our Rule of Conduct towards the World\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Enemies in\\nWar; Friends in Peace.\\n12. Our Maritime Citizens, unjustly deprived of their Lib-\\nerties.\\n13. Agriculture, Commerce and Manufactures.\\n14. The Constitution of the United States\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old and with-\\nout needing repairs.\\n15. The American Press.\\n16. Literature, Art and Science, the Main Pillars of the\\nTemple of Liberty.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "85\\n17. The University of North Carolina and other Literary-\\nInstitutions.\\n18. The American Union.\\nThese regular toasts, carefully written beforehand, show\\nadmirable taste in pleasing both Federalists and Republi-\\ncans. At other places, AVilmington for example, the feeling\\nbetween the parties was so strong that each had its own cele-\\nbration.\\nAfter the regular toasts the following volunteer t asts were\\ngiven\\nBy the President (Governor Hawkins)\\nThe Memories of Hancock and Adams.\\nThere was much tact shown in this toast. Hancock, who\\ndied in 1793, was extremely popular, and having offered\\namendments to the Constitution much desired by the Repub-\\nlicans, was claimed as on their side. The recognition of\\nAdams brought howls of delight from the Federalists.\\nColonel Polk then offered\\nThe Memories of Franklin and Hamilton.\\nThe compromising tact shown in this toast is apparent.\\nFranklin was claimed by all parties, and Hamilton was the\\nablest man of the Federalist party.\\nThe President, Vice-President and ex-Governors Stone and\\nWilliams then retired and their healths were drunk.\\nThis was evidently a very formal and official dinner, with\\nall proprieties suitable to the presence of State dignitaries.\\nOn the same day the Raleigh Volunteer Guards and citizens,\\ndressed in homespun, as a protest against British manufac-\\ntures, had their dinner at Rex Spring in the northern part\\nof the city. Captain Wiatt was made president and Allen\\nRogers, vice-president. A plain and plentiful dinner was\\nprovided, and the toasts were drunk in home-made liquor,\\nold corn After each toast there was music and gener-\\nally three to nine cheers. The dogs of war were let loose.\\nNo compromises and stiff official forms here. Besides the\\nusual toasts to Washington, The Day we Celebrate, The\\nPatriots of the Revolution, etc., there were some which were\\noffensive to most Federalists. For example, The Congress\\nof the United States May its floor be cleaned of Yelpers and\\nTrimmers! This was followed by three cheers, a recitation,\\nand an ode by A. Davis. Then I note that the militia had\\na toast all to itself, followed by nine cheers and two tunes,\\nYankee Doodle, the national tune, and one called Colum-\\nbia s Volunteers. The toast to the Army and Navy was", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "86\\nhonored by onlv three cheers and one tune, The American\\nStar.\\nThere was a toast to Thomas Jefferson, whose name was\\nnot mentioned in the official banquet.\\nAnother was to Our Republican Brethren of Spanish\\nAmerica, followed by the French battle-song Ca Ira.\\nThen followed one to Canada May her Star soon Shine\\nin the Flag of the Union. This was followed by a song,\\nMarch! march! march! in good order,\\nUntil we arrive at the English border.\\nThe following has a faint odor of tar and a soft suggestion\\nof feathers: The Liberty of the Press May, those who\\nabuse it, to serve the Enemies of our Country, be treated to a\\nsuit of American Manufacture!\\nGreat Britain and her sympathizers (if any) must have\\nshuddered at the next Great Britain May the thunder\\nof our cannon check her arrogance, and contempt silence\\nher advocates The music to this was, Let s Sound the\\nTrumpet of ar.\\nAfter this explosion of wrath, the company tapered off\\nwith compliments to Domestic Manufactures, and The\\nAmerican Fair, meaning, of course, the ladies.\\nThe patriotic Raleigh Volunteer Guards marched to Beau-\\nfort, but never met the enemy. There was a drafting of the\\nmilitia of Wake for the defence of Norfolk. It was con-\\nducted on Union Square north of the Capitol, the Governor\\nand Secretary of State seeing that there was fair play.\\nThere were two wheels of the size of cheese boxes. The\\nnames of the militiamen were placed in one wheel the due\\nproportion of blanks and papers with the word drafted\\nin the other. A boy drew a name from the first box and a\\npaper from the second. When the fatal drafted appeared,\\noften the females of the family of the unfortunate set up\\nloud lamentations. A man named Hardy Dodd, willing to\\ngo as a substitute, took chances for from $15 to $25 each.\\nHis luck was such that he drew fifteen blanks, but was\\ncaught on the sixteenth. Poor fellow! All theglory gained\\nwas death in camp from fever. Most of these soldiers left\\ntheir bones on Virginia soil.\\nThe leader of the Raleigh Volunteers, Captain W. T. C.\\nWiatt, afterwards Colonel Wiatt, was a remarkable man,\\nand if he had had opportunity would have become eminent\\nas a partisan officer. He had nerves of steel. When Sheriff\\nof Wake his name became famous throughout the State", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "87\\nbecause of his killing a prisoner named Wolfe. Wolfe was\\na man of great physical strength. He came to Raleigh as a\\nrecruiting officer, married and settled here. He adopted\\ngambling as a business, was arrested under the vagrant act,\\nand committed to Wiatt s custody. Wiatt ordered the\\njailer, INIiller, to change his quarters to the dungeon, as he\\nwas fearful of an escape. Wolfe knocked Miller down, and\\nwas rushing for the door when Wiatt shot and killed him.\\nHis action was decided to be justifiable. In 1841 the\\nSupreme Court of the State made him its Marshal, in which\\ncapacity he acted until his death. Old-time travellers remem-\\nber the cool water of his well four miles west of town on the\\nroad to Chapel Hill and Hillsboro. The drivers of the\\npublic stages always watered their horses at Wiatt s well.\\nLAFAYETTE vS VISIT.\\nThe euthusiasm in regard to the Revolutionary War\\nreceived a great impetus by the visit of LaFayette in 1825.\\nColonel William Polk, by the request of the Governor, met\\nhim at the Virginia line and escorted him throughout the\\nState to the South Carolina boundary. Near Raleigh he\\nwas met by Colonel Thomas Polk of Mecklenburg in com-\\nmand of a corps of cavalr}^ followed by nearly one hun-\\ndred citizens on horseback. The General and suite, which\\nincluded his son, Washington LaFayette, and his Secretary,\\nM. Le Vasseur, alighted from their carriages and a general\\nintroduction took place. At the city limits they were met\\nby a company of infantry under command of Captain John\\nS. Ruffiu. The cavalcade proceeded to the Capitol amid\\nfiring of cannon and huzzas of the assembled people. Col-\\nonel Polk and the General rode together in a barouche\\ndrawn by four iron-grays. The Governor received him in\\nthe vestibule, escorted him to the reception chamber, where\\nhe was welcomed in a formal address by the Governor\\n(Burton), to which he made a suitable reply. At the con-\\nclu.sion the company was gratified w ith a spectacular scene.\\nLaFayette and Polk, both of whom were wounded at Bran-\\ndy wine, rushed into each other s arms, and with tears of joy\\navowed their gratitude that they who had borne the brunt\\nof the battle together in their youthful prime, had been\\nspared to meet again on peaceful plains and in happier\\nhours. Then an old soldier named Cross, who also had\\nbeen wounded at Brandy wine, was brought up and exhibited\\nhis venerable scars.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88\\nLaFayette spent from Tuesday until Thursday in Raleigh,\\nabundantly feted and very gracious. Tradition hath it that\\nhe had a voracious appetite. Mr. James D. Royster informed\\nme that, in common with hundreds of others, he had the\\nhonor of shaking his hand. His invariable salutation was,\\nHow do you do, ray son? How do you do? When\\nold soldiers were accorded a more leisurely introduction, he\\ninvariably asked the question, Are you married? If the\\nreply was Yes, sir he would say, with unction, Happy\\nman; happy man If the reply was No, sir; he would\\nreply, Lucky dog! lucky dog! An immigrant from France,\\nnaively thinking that his countryman would, as a matter of\\ncourse, be interested in his family affairs, informed him of\\nthe recent death of his wife. He received the mechanical\\nreply, Happy man; happy man\\nOLD NEWSPAPERS.\\nBut I must close these random sketches. It is so delight-\\nful for me to take these old people by the hand and talk\\nwith then], and look at the world through their eyes, that I\\nnever know when to stop. I had WTitten a three-hour speech\\nbefore I had noticed it, from half of which I have spared\\nyou to-night. I like, too, to look over the old newspapers\\nand notice what items were enjoyed in the old days. Some\\nof them were very grave and some very amusing. I am\\nstruck with frequent satires on the ladies, showing that these\\ninteresting creaturfs filled then, as now, a large portion of\\nthe public mind. Before concluding, I quote several of them,\\nThe first is from The Wasp, a newspaper of small dimensions,\\nprinted in the Gales office and edited by two boys, who after-\\nwards attained great distinction. Joseph Gales, of the\\nNational Intellige ricer, and Edward J. Hale, of the FagcUeville\\nObserver.\\nEPITAPH.\\nBeneath this stone, a heap of clay.\\nLies Arabella Young,\\nWho, on the twenty-fourth of May,\\nBegan to hold her tongue.\\nThe next is from Mr. Boylan s newspaper:\\nRECEIPT TO -CURE A LOVE-FIT.\\nTie one end of a rope fast over a beam,\\nAnd make a slip knot at the other extreme;\\nThen just underneath let the cricket be set,\\nOn which let the lover most manfully get.\\nThen over his head let the snicket be got.\\nAnd under one ear be well settled the knot;\\nThe cricket kicked down, let him take a fair swing.\\nAnd leave all the rest to the work of the string.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "89\\nAnother\\nTO MATTHEW BRAMBLE, ESQ.\\nIn the blithe days of honeymoon,\\nWith K^tte s allurements smitten,\\nI loved her late, I loved her soon,\\nAnd called her dearest kitten.\\nBut now my kitten s s own a cat,\\nAnd cross, like other wives.\\nOh! by my soul, my honest Mat,\\nI fear she has nine lives.\\nThe kindred joke about the husband saying that when he\\nwas first married he loved his bride enough to bite her, but\\nthat he had not been married six months before he bitterly\\nrepented not having bodil} devoured her, came in later.\\nI notice two anecdotes, new to me, about ninety years old.\\nThey are fair specimens of what struck the risible nerves of\\nour forefathers. The first is on a newly imported Dutchman^\\nhaving learned that a spirit is a ghost, angrily inquiring of\\nthe bar-tender, What for de tivel don t you put plenty of\\nghost in my water?\\nThe other is, of course, on an Irishman, an editor, who, on\\ngiving the news that wool was rising in price, but whiskey\\nwas falling, offered the consolation to his readers, that if\\ntheir coats will be more costl}^ the lining will be cheaper.\\nRAILROADS.\\nBut really, I must come to a conclusion.\\nFor years Raleigh dragged its slow length along, a mere\\ncountry village, because it had no advantages of water-\\npower or of access to markets. About 1820 it tried in vain\\nto make Neuse river and Crabtree navigable, and there were\\nwild dreams of having a harbor on Rocky branch.\\nIn fifty years, by the census of 1840, it had only 2,244\\ninhabitants. Its boast of good health was proved to be just,\\nby there being ten between seventy and eighty, two between\\neighty and ninety, one between ninety and one hundred, and\\ntwo over one hundred. Some of the best people of the State-\\nhad made their homes among us, but their pecuniary inter-\\nests mostly lay elsewhere. Raleigh could only be called a.\\nhalf-dead town, looking up all the time, because flat of its\\nback it could not look anywhere else eminently respecta-\\nble, but in progressiveness, comatose.\\nBut in that same 1840 there were signs of the breaking up\\nof this lethargy. Not only was the great Tippecanoe, log\\n6", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90\\ncabin and hard cider celebration in October, wlien real\\nships, sails set, with sailors on the spars, and real log cabins\\nand hard cider, and real hornet s nests, and live Revolution-\\nary soldiers, along with other appropriate components of an\\nimmense procession, moved through our streets and thou-\\nsands shouted themselves hoarse for political objects, but\\nthere were the three days in June in honor of the com-\\npletion of the Capitol and of the steaming in of the old\\nTornado locomotive engine on the Raleigh and Gaston\\nRailroad.\\nRightly did our people become enthusiastic over this mo-\\nmentous occasion. Rightly did old General Beverly Daniel\\nmount his fiery steed and march the procession from the\\ncourt-house to the depot, where five tables, each ninety. feet\\nlong, upheld one hundred and fifty yards of scorched pig,\\nwhose sweet savor ascended to the skies. There were thir-\\nteen regular and seventy-six volunteer toasts, each accompa-\\nnied, in all cases with the show, in most with the reality, of\\npotations of wine or whiskey. Weston R. Gales was toast-\\nmaster. Governor Dudley was president, assisted by ten vice-\\npresidents, among them the venerable Judge Gaston, Here\\nis that to the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad\\nIts structure will accelerate with the velocity of a Tor-\\nnado the train of public opinion in its favor.\\nAnd at the close, when eighty-nine sips of the spirituous\\nbeverage were safely (or unsafely) stowed away, you will not\\ncriticise harshly the closing toast given by the presiding\\nofficer.\\nTHE CITY OF RALEIGH\\nIt has exceeded in gallantry even its renowned namesake.\\nSir Walter. He but laid down his cloak for one lady to walk\\nover. Its citizens have helped to lay down eighty-six miles\\nof railroad for the whole sex to ride over\\nWell did our citizens celebrate the advent of the railroads.\\nThey have supplied what we lacked. They were at first\\nbuilt on mistaken ideas and seemed to fail. But these mis-\\ntakes have been corrected. They have given us access to the\\nworld. The great war came. Our citizens supported the\\nSouthern cause with distinguished gallantry. They had\\ntheir share of its terrible losses. They lost sons and they\\nlost fortunes. But Raleigh became known to the world.\\nThe armies of both sides tramped through it. Our army\\nwas a means of education not only to our own citizens, but\\nto those of the adjoining country. Oar soldiers came back", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "91\\nwith new ideas, gained by tramps through Virginia and\\nthrough Pennsylvania, aye and through Maryland too.\\nWhen the war ended, Raleigh began to go forward with a\\nbound.\\nLater our citizens learned the power of organized effort.\\nThey formed in time a Chamber of Commerce and Industry,\\na Cotton Exchange, a Tobacco Exchange, a Merchants Ex-\\nchange. When we contemplate a part only of the improve-\\nments we seem to be in a new country. I give such as occur\\nto me. I am satisfied that there are more than these:\\n1. Street-car lines.\\n2. Water- works and sewerage.\\n8. Electric lights.\\n4. Extension of gas-works.\\n5. An excellent fire department.\\n6. Electric fire-alarm.\\n7. Telephone system.\\n8. Graded schools 1,900 pupils and commodious build-\\nings.\\n9. Old churches enlarged and new churches built. I am\\ntold that there are now thirty church buildings in the city,\\n10. Private schools, excellent and prospering; the male\\nschool up to the reputation of the old Academy under\\nMcPheeters, and St. Mary s and Peace Institute celebrated\\nthroughout the land.\\n11. A beautiful new public park, the gift of a Raleigh man.\\nAlso a private park.\\n12. Two new cemeteries of ample extent and beautifully\\nadorned.\\n13. Hotels, new and enlarged, and with modern conveni-\\nences.\\n14. A well arranged new union depot.\\n15. An opera-house in progress\\n16. Many large blocks of new buildings for stores and\\noffices.\\n17. A new city hall.\\n18. A good cotton trade.\\n19. Three cotton factories.\\n20. Tobacco warehouses and factories.\\n21 Wholesale hardware establishments.\\n22. Wholesale groceries.\\n23. Car-works and wood factories.\\n24. Wholesale dry goods trade.\\n25. Four strong banks, including a savings bank.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92\\n26. A Home Insurance Company, and many branch\\ninsurance companies.\\n27. Extensive machine and car-shops of the Raleigh and\\nGaston and Raleigh and Augusta Air-Line, and new engine-\\nhouse.\\n28. The State Agricultural and Mechanical College, which\\nis proving so successful and beneficial to the State.\\n29. Vineyards and their products.\\n30. Farms of improved cattle and blooded horses.\\n31. Spacious new Fair Grounds.\\n32. The Agricultural Department and Building.\\n33. Agricultural Experiment Station.\\n34. Larger livery-stables.\\n35. Hospitals for white and colored.\\n36. Supreme Court Room and Library.\\n37. Large institutes of learning ior the colored, patronized\\nby the whole South Shaw University and St. Augustine\\nCollegiate Institute.\\n38. A Deaf and Dumb Asylum for the colored.\\n39. A handsome Federal Court-house and Post-oSice.\\n40. A new and improved County Court-house.\\n41. The new Governor s Mansion.\\n42. The Soldiers Home.\\n43. Cotton- seed oil mills.\\n44. The State Penitentiary.\\n45. Ice factories.\\n46. A Young Men s Christian Association Building.\\n47. The principal streets graded and paved.\\n48. The township roads being graded and macadamized.\\n49. Many sidewalks properly paved.\\n50. Carriage and wagon factories.\\n51. Candy factories.\\n52. Acid and fertilizer works.\\n53. Telegraph facilities largely increased.\\n54. Streets extended in many directions.\\n55. Cornfields and old fields in the suburbs turned into\\nbuilding lots.\\n56. Numerous private buildings, some of them costly and\\nhandsome.\\n57. Three daily newspapers and eleven weekly.\\n58. Large printing-houses.\\n59. Cotton compress.\\n60. Cotton yards.\\n61. Population nearly eight times what it was forty years\\nago.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "93\\nThis is a most laudable showing of enterprise and intelli-\\ngence. I close with the profound wish I will be bolder, I\\nwill say the prediction, that when, one hundred years from\\nthis date, in the year 1992, some gray-haired speaker stands\\nup before your great-grandchildren and the scores of thou-\\nsands of added population who will make their homes on\\nthese hills, he will truthfully chronicle your labors towards\\nmaking this one of the greatest inland cities of the South.\\nNote. Since the printing of the foregoing Address, Rev.\\nDr. J. B. Cheshire, of Charlotte, has furnished me with\\nextracts from the Journal of the Convention of 1788, of\\nwhich he has a copy, in regard to locating the seat of gov-\\nernment. The places voted for as centres of the circle of\\ntwenty miles diameter, within which the location should be\\nmade, are as follows\\nSmithfield, nominated by James Payne.\\nTarborough, nominated by Robert Williams.\\nFayette- Ville, nominated by William Barry Grove.\\nIsaac Hunter s plantation, nominated by James Iredell.\\nNewbern, nominated by Judge Samuel Spencer.\\nHillsborough, nominated by Alexander Mebane.\\nFork of Haw and Deep rivers, nominated by Thomas\\nPerson.\\nIsaac Hunter s plantation obtained a majority of votes on\\nthe second ballot.\\nJames Iredell, soon to be a Judge of the Supreme Court of\\nthe United States, offered the ordinance requiring the Gen-\\neral Assembly to establish the Seat of Government within\\nthe Wake County circle.\\nWillie Jones offered the resolution for selecting by ballot\\nthe circle of location.\\nWilliam Barry Grove, of Fayetteville (then written Fay-\\nette-Ville), presented a protest against the action of the\\nConvention, signed by over one hundred members.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "A GLANCE AT RALEIGH TO-DAY.\\n(Prepared by Especial Request or the Committee\\nOF Publication.)\\nThe city of Raleigh, in all essential respects, extends\\nbeyond the corporate limits, in every direction, with a steady\\ngrowth that never halts, summer or winter. Whatever may\\nbe the source of her prosperity, whether her market for cot-\\nton or tobacco, her general mercantile advantages, her new\\nmanufacturing interests, her educational and social induce-\\nments, or her relations to the State and Federal governments,\\nthe continued advancement year by year is plain to all\\nobservers. It proceeds from no artificial efforts, no wide-\\nspread advertising. From the close of the war Raleigh\\nbegan to assume an importance beyond its ante-bellum position\\nas the refined and cultivated seat of the State government,\\nretired within the shades of its primeval oaks.\\nThe extension of its railroad connections through the heart\\nof Western North Carolina, by Col. A. B. Andrews, until they\\nmet the lines of the West and South the building of the\\nRaleigh and Augusta Air- Line to Hamlet, with its after-con-\\nnections, through the labors of Maj. John C. Winder, to Char-\\nlotte, Cheraw, etc., and the superb new road, the Georgia and\\nCarolina, under the presidency of Raleigh s gifted citizen.\\nGen. R. F. Hoke, giving a through line by the Seaboard\\nsystem to Atlanta, have done no little for the progress of the\\ncity. With these are associated the extensive shops of the\\nSeaboard system, and the North Carolina Car Factory, afford-\\ning employment to many worthy citizens.\\nThe renewal of the Annual State Fairs held by the North\\nCarolina Agricultural Society proved to be one of the most\\nvaluable elements of growth. In 1869 this organization,\\ndating back to 1852, was revived, with Hon. K. P. Battle as\\nPresident and James Litchford Secretary. In 1873, under\\nthe Presidency of Col. Thos. M. Holt, the site of the Fair was\\npurchased, on lands northwest of the city, beyond St. Mary s,\\nand railroad connections made. From 1876 to 1880, inclu-\\nsive, Capt. C. B. Denson was Secretary and Executive Man-\\nager, holding five fairs, a greater number than by any other in\\nits history; $14,000 of its debt was paid; much machinery\\nand many fine specimens of live stock were introduced. By", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "95\\nits direct efforts upon the General Assembly, the Society\\nbrought about the organization of the State Agricultural\\nDepartment, which has been a great factor in the develop-\\nment of the State and the city. At present Hon. Richard\\nH. Battle is President and H. W. Ayer, Esq., Secretary. The\\nFair of 1892 was held concurrently with the Centennial Cele-\\nbration and contributed much to its success.\\nIn 1884 the Fair was merged temporarily into the North\\nCarolina State Exposition, for which buildings were erected\\non a scale heretofore unknown in our State, and a display of\\nthe economic advantages of North Carolina was made for\\nmonths, which attracted visitors from every section of the\\nUnion, and was of mcalculable benefit to our people. To\\nWm. S. Primrose, President, whose judicious management\\nand comprehensive far-sighted plans were admirably sec-\\nonded by the executive ability of the Secretary, H. W.\\nFries (of Salem), the credit is due for the success which\\nrevealed to the world the gifts and wonders within North\\nCarolina s control, and the beauty and desirability of her\\nCapital as a home.\\nTo these must be added her progressive city government,\\nthe efforts of her Chamber of Commerce, the Interstate Ex-\\nposition of 1891, under J. T. Patrick, and the memorable\\nvisit in October of that year of the famous Fifth Maryland\\nRegiment. Illuminations, fireworks, a banquet to the offi-\\ncers at the Yarborough, a grand ball to the entire regiment,\\nnearly one thousand strong, at the Stronach auditorium, and\\nopenhanded hospitality by the citizens, were the features of\\nthe occasion, which formed a fitting prologue, one year in\\nadvance, to the Centennial Celebration.\\nSITUATION.\\nRaleigh is delightfully situated at the meeting of the lim-\\nits of the oak and the pine, the sand and the clay, upon a\\ngranite foundation which crops out in quarries to the south-\\neast and southwest. The land slopes gently in every direc-\\ntion from the swelling hills upon which our State and city\\ninstitutions and our homes are built. This affords a natural\\ndrainage, and the delightful streams near us, of Rocky branch,\\nWalnut and Crabtree creeks and Neuse river, have made the\\nproblem easy of solution to furnish an ample supply of pure\\nwater for all purposes and an admirable system of sewerage,\\nwhich were constructed during the mayoralty of Hon. Alfred\\nA. Thompson. Oar climate enjoys the almost ideal meteor-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96\\nological average of 58\u00c2\u00b0 4 and the health of the city is so\\nremarkable tliat it was selected by the authorities of the Con-\\nfederate States as the site of one of the most extensive mili-\\ntary hospitals and surgical camps under that government,\\nsuperintended as Medical Director by our eminent fellow-\\ncitizen, Dr. E. Burke Haywood.\\nThe number of Northern visitors who prefer our delight-\\nful winter climate to the damper and more enervating effects\\nof the extreme South is rapidly increasing, and will doubt-\\nless call for increased hotel accommodations to meet their\\ndemands.\\nA marked feature which has contributed no little to the\\nhigh salubrity of the city is the fact that beside the broad\\nstreets, fifty in number, and extending sixty-five miles, our\\nhouses are so built as to give ample room, and surrounded\\nwith airy spaces affording perfect circulation of the atmos-\\nphere. Such leading thoroughfares as Fayetteviile, Wil-\\nmington, Halifax, and the busier portions of Morgan, Har-\\ngett and Martin streets, have been paved with Belgian block\\nand well curbed with granite. This work is progressing\\nsteadily, taking in order the portions of the city most used.\\nA well-equipped and admirably managed Electric Car Com-\\npany renders access to the remoter sections easy and pleasant.\\nThe city is advancing in every direction, and especially\\ntoward the north and west. Sixty buildings were reported\\nas going up during the Centennial week. The total number\\nhas more than doubled within twenty years past. Many of\\nthese are far more commodious and ornate than hitherto.\\nSuburbs in the east, known as Idlewild, and in the north\\nas Oakdale, have been prepared for homes by, grading and\\nlaying out streets, and are gradually being occupied. Near\\nthe site of the great cotton factories, villages are now going\\nup for the homes of the operatives, which must in a short\\ntime be fully united with the city and extend its limits over\\nmiles of adjacent territory.\\nPAKKS.\\nUnion Square, about six acres in extent, in which the\\nCapitol is located, is planted with trees and shrubbery, and,\\ntogether with Nash and Moore Squares, which within a few\\n3^ears past have been adorned with grass and flowers and\\nfountains, supplies a resting place for the weary.\\nBut through the munificence of J. Stanhope PuUen, Esq.,\\nan extensive park in the west and southwest, adjoining the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "97\\nlands of the North Caroliua Agricultural and Mechanical\\nCollege, has been presented to the city. Its natural beauties\\nare enhanced already by the efforts of art and the the gen-\\nerosity of the giver, who also donated the land upon which\\nthe college stands. History will preserve his name high on\\nthe roll of our benefactors.\\nBrookside Park, in the northeast, is another spot of great\\nnatural beauty, enjoying its trees of the original growth and\\nthe beauties of a winding stream.\\nNear by is Oakwood Cemetery, laid out some twenty-five\\nyears ago, through the foresight of Hon. K. P. Battle, the\\nlamented Geo. W. Mordecai and others. The remains of\\nmany distinguished dead were removed to this spot from the\\nold City Cemetery. Few resting-places of the dead can\\nexceed the tranquil loveliness of Oakwood, where many of\\nNorth Carolina s great and gifted lie.\\nThe Hebrew and the Confederate Cemeteries adjoin the\\nabove, and that of the Roman Catholic is on the brow of a\\nneighboring hill. The old City Cemetery, just on the edge\\nof the corporate limits, is still used to some extent. Famous\\nnames are to be found on its gravestones. It is a curious\\nfact that the southern portion of it was formerly set apart for\\nthe burial of negroes the slaves of tho-e interred within the\\nsame enclosure.\\nThe colored portion of the community is now provided\\nwith a well arranged and admirably situated cemetery on\\nthe south of the city, under the name of Mt. Hope, and main-\\ntained by the municipal authorities.\\nThere is also a National Cemetery, kept in beautiful order\\nby the Federal government, holding the remains of many\\nUnited States soldiers who fell in the engagements along\\nSherman s march to the southeast of Raleigh or died in hos-\\npital here.\\nCongress is expected to act favorably upon a bill to provide\\na macadamized road from the cemetery to the city line.\\nLargely through the efforts of Dr. R. H. Lewis the roads\\ndebouching from our streets have been gradually macad-\\namized to the township line, furnishing an object-lesson to\\nother communities upon one of the greatest needs of Ameri-\\ncan civilization.\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nBesides the Capitol there are many public buildings which\\nthere is no space to adequately describe. The North Caro-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98\\nlina Insane Asylum, completed in 1856, is 730 feet in length,\\nand accommodates about 300 patients. It is situated on Dix\\nHill. An addition is about to be erected on the south side\\nfor 100 female patients.\\nThe North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb\\nand the Blind was established in 1846. It occupies Caswell\\nSquare, and after September, 1894, is to be used lor the blind\\nonly, a new structure for the deaf and dumb having been\\nerected at Morganton.\\nThe colored department of this Institution is fitted in every\\nrespect for this important service, and is provided with sub-\\nstantial brick buildings in the southeastern section of the city.\\nThe State Penitentiary is an enormous building constructed\\nof brick, with granite enclosing wall, and was about twenty\\nyears in building. There are about 1,300 convicts, but only\\nthose convicted of high crimes are kept within the building\\nhere. It is a model edifice of the kind.\\nThe Agricultural Department, at the corner of Edenton\\nand Halifax streets, contains the necessary offices, the State\\nGeological Museum, which also is a museum of the forestry,\\nmines, fisheries, agriculture, etc., of the State, the Weather\\nBureau, the Railroad Commission, the office of Labor Statis-\\ntics, and the rooms of the Agricultural Experiment Station.\\nThe Supreme Court and State Library is situated next to\\nthe Agricultural Building, and fronts Capitol Square. Its\\nexterior is plain, but it is admirably fitted within. It con-\\ntains the Supreme Court room, adorned with portraits of the\\neminent jurists of North Carolina, the Attorney General s\\noffice, the Supreme Court Library, office of the Superinten-\\ndent of Public Instruction, and the State Library. The last\\nhas 45,000 volumes and many portraits of citizens eminent\\nin every walk of life, and especially of North Carolinians\\nprominent in the war between the States.\\nThe Governor s Mansion is built of brick and occupies the\\ncenter of Burke Square, and is worthy of the people whose\\nChief Executive makes it his home. Its hall is adorned with\\nportraits of the Governors. The beautiful marble from the\\nNantahala of Macon county is used in the construction of\\nportions of the building.\\nThe North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic\\nArts, Col. A. Q, Holladay, President, has a fine site of six t}\\ntwo acres on Hillsborough street, extended beyond the cor-\\nporate limits. It is of brick, with Wake county granite and\\nAnson brownstone. It is 170x90 feet, main building, and\\nsurrounded by necessary shops, dormitories, barn, green-", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "99\\nhouse, etc. Wm. S. Primrose, Esq., is President of the Board\\nof Directors. The Experimental Farm is a short distance\\nwest of it, adjoining the State Fair grounds.\\nRaleigh also has a United States Post-office and Court-\\nhouse, built of granite at a cost of about half a million dol-\\nlars, and most conveniently furnished. A Union Station\\nHouse has recently been finished and opened b3 ^the several\\nrailroads entering the city at a cost of $85,000, and affords\\ngreat satisfaction to the traveling public. The commodious\\nnew Park Hotel and Opera-house erected by A. F. Page\\nwill be opened for business in the fall of 1893, and with the\\nwell-known Yarborough House add to the attractions our\\ncity already enjoys.\\nCHURCHES.\\nThere are about thirty churches for white and colored, or\\none to about five hundred population, a very remarkable\\nprovision in a town of its size. Services are well attended;\\nfew people fail to appreciate the blessings of reverent obser-\\nvance of Sunday. Disorder or disturbance of any kind is\\nexceedingly rare, and nowhere are there kinder relations\\nbetween the races. Sunday-schools are well maintained, and\\nthe Young Men s Christian Association and the King s\\nDaughters have suitable rooms where their beneficent work\\nis carried on. In the church congregations nine thousand\\npersons are numbered, and five thousand pupils in the Sun-\\nday-schools. Of the churches for the white population three\\nare Baptist, three Methodist, two Protestant Episcopal, one\\nPresbyterian, one Roman Catholic, one Christian, one Primi-\\ntive Baptist, and there are various missions. Six of these\\nchurch edifices have been erected within ten years past.\\nSCHOOLS.\\nDr. Battle has alluded to the happy influence upon the\\nhistory of the city of St. Mary s School, which is under the\\ncare of Rev. Bennett Smedes, D. D., Rector, and son of its\\ndistinguished founder. Its prosperity extends with its years.\\nThe buildings and grounds form one of the architectural\\nbeauties of the city. More than five thousand pupils have\\nleft its halls to gladden the homes of the South.\\nPeace Institute is another of the famous schools of Raleigh\\nfor young ladies, and is situated in the northern portion of\\nthe city. Prof. James Dinwiddle is Principal, with twenty-\\ntwo officers and teachers, and one hundred and sixty-nine", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100\\npupils. Both of the above institutions rank among the first\\nin the South.\\nThe Baptists contemphite the founding here of a first-class\\nUniversity for women.\\nThe Raleigh Male Academy, Messrs. Morson and Den?on,\\nPrincipals, in its fifteenth year, has one hundred and forty-\\nfive students, and the record of their standing in the Collf ges\\nand University is unexcelled by any in the country.\\nThe Public Graded Schools include the Centennial,\\noccupying commodious buildings erected at the foot of Fay-\\netteville street, the Murphy, for girls chiefly, and the three\\ncolored schools. The enrollment of pupils is about two thou-\\nsand, under Superintendent E. P. Moses. The cost is main-\\ntained by special township taxation.\\nShaw University, with Estey Seminary and Leonard Medi-\\ncal College, Rev. Dr. H. M. Tupper President, and St. Augus-\\ntine Normal school, Rev. A. B. Hunter Principal, furnish\\neducational advantages to the negroes of the Souih, probably\\nunsurpassed in the Union. The King of Belgium has sent\\npupils to the former institution directly from the Congo Free\\nState, and St. Augustine U the principal divinity school for\\nthe colored people under the patronage of the Protestant\\nEpiscopal Church in the United States.\\nFIRE DEPARTMENT, TELEGRAPH, ETC.\\nThe Fire Department has been referred to, as forming a\\nvery distinctive feature of the Centennial procession. It is\\nunder the charge of Capt. E. B. Engelhard, and has a well\\ndeserved reputation for promptness and efficiency that can-\\nnot be surpassed. The water-supply from Walnut creek,\\ncarefully guarded from contamination, is forced into a tower\\nby compound pumps, operated by steam and water-power,\\nwith nearly twenty miles of main and one hundred and\\ntwenty double hydrants for fire purposes. An electric fire\\nalarm is a valuable adjunct to the safety equipment of the\\ncity. The Thomson-Houston electric system is in use, but\\nthe city is mainlv lighted by coal-gas works.\\nThe Western Union and the Postal Telegraph Companies\\nhave offices here, and communication is kept up by telephone\\nthroughout the city, with a well equipped Exchange.\\nBANKING FACILITIES.\\nAt the date of this publication great losses have occurred\\nthroughout the country by the stoppage of payments, loss of", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "101\\nconfidence, and failures in business to such an extent as to\\ninvolve millions of property and great consequent suffering.\\nIt is especially gratifying to say that the banks of Raleigh\\nenjoy the fullest confidence of the people, and none of these\\nevils have, at this writing, befallen our prudent and judi-\\ncious men prominent in financial and mercantile life. The\\nNational Bank of Raleigh, E. G. Reade, President, C. H. Bel-\\nvin, Cashier, has of capital $225,000, surplus ^30,000, depos-\\nits $400,000. The Citizens National, W. J. Hawkhis, Presi-\\ndent, J. G. Brown, Cashier, has capital $100,000, surplus\\n$25,000, deposits $J50,000. The Commercial and Farmers\\nBank (State), J. J. Thomas, President, B. S. Jerman, Cashier,\\nhas capital $100,000, surplus $15,000, deposits $230,000. The\\nRaleigh Savings Bank has capital $15,000, surplus $9,000,\\ndeposits $150,000. Of this W. C. Stronach is President, and\\nJ. T. PuUen Cashier. Since the ante-hellam period no town\\nof its size in the South has excelled it in the extent and solid-\\nity of its banking facilities.\\nINDEBTEDNESS.\\nThe total indebtedness of the city, as rendered in the\\nlast annual fiscal report, is $207,867.14, chiefly in five per\\ncent, bonds due in 1919 and 1929 respectively. A sinking\\nfund is constantly reducing this amount.\\nCOTTON FACTORIES.\\nThe Hosiery Yarn Mill was built in 1888, and has been\\nsuch a success that its products have been sold for a year\\nahead of production. Its spindles number 5,000.\\nThe Caraleigh Cotton Mills were begun in 1890 and by\\nSeptember, 1891, had commenced operations. Spinning and\\nweaving are done, and there will be 10,000 spindles and 400\\nlooms. The Pilot Cotton Mills began in May, 1893, and will\\nhave 5,000 spindles with 400 looms. A fourth is now pro-\\njected, and it is said will be built near the railroad not far\\nfrom Pullen Park.\\nA cotton-oil mill with capacity for using seventy-five tons\\nof seed daily is also situated near the treight depot. Phos-\\nphate works, supplied with the latest machiner} to furnish\\nour farmers with a superior home-made fertilizer, are located\\nnear Caraleigh Cotton Mills.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "102\\nCOTTON MARKET.\\nNearly 40,000 bales of cotton are handled here annually,\\nand the system is perfect.\\nRaleigh has all the warehouse room needful, a very fine\\ncotton platform convenient for loading trains, steam com-\\npress, careful and experienced weighers, and merchants who\\nbuy at the most liberal rates, some of whom ship direct to\\nLiverpool, Hamburg and other ports. Its freight facilities\\nare all that could be desired. A well managed Cotton\\nExchange is one of the most important elements in her busi-\\nness life.\\nTOBACCO MARKET.\\nNot a few of her most sagacious citizens believe that a great\\ndevelopment awaits her future in tobacco as a market for\\nthe leaf and perhaps also for its manufacture. The first\\nbrought here for sale was in September, 1884, and on the\\n26th was held the first regular sale, in a temporary ware-\\nhouse. Three spacious warehouses were built in less than\\nas many years thereafter.\\nIndeed, among Raleigh s important avenues for profitable\\ndevelopment must be mentioned her tobacco industry. The\\nmarket was opened by the organization of the Capital Tobacco\\nWarehouse Company in the Spring of 1884, which was soon\\nfollowed by the erection of two other large warehouses for\\nthe sale of leaf tobacco, and many commodious prize houses\\nwere erected. Joseph E. Pogue moved his extensive plug\\ntobacco works from Henderson to this city in September,\\n1885, and thus started the first plug tobacco factory in Ral-\\neigh. C. F. Harvey, of Kinston, opened the second tobacco\\nfactory a year later, and Mr. Andrew Rand, M. A. Parker\\nand others soon embarked in the manufacture of tobacco.\\nTwo years ago Mr. Philip Taylor retired from the wholesale\\ngrocery business and entered this inviting field for the manu-\\nfacture of tobacco.\\nRaleigh has a live and progressive Tobacco Board of\\nTrade. Sells annually about 4,000,000 pounds of the golden\\nweed, and draws tobacco from all the counties contiguous to\\nWake, which, together with Wake county, makes a large\\narea of good tobacco producing territor} naturally tributary\\nto the Raleigh tobacco market, which now fully guarantees\\nits success.\\nAlmost every line of mercantile business may be found in\\nour city, well represented: commission, wholesale and retail", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "103\\nhouses in groceries, dry goods, hardware, clothing, books and\\nstationery, jewelry, confectioneries; book and job printers,\\ndrugs, sewing machines, etc. Many of these have a long\\nand honored history.\\nThe Insurance interest is well cared for, this being a cen-\\nter for the surrounding region. The North Carolina Honae\\nInsurance Company was founded here a quarter of a century\\nago and is flourishing to-day.\\nA LITERARY CENTER.\\nRaleigh has always held a high position as a center of\\nintelligence. With a population of about 16,000 it has the\\nsame postal revenue from papers, magazines, etc., that Nor-\\nfolk and like cities of 40,000 population enjoy. Here are\\npublished the News and Observer (which has recentlj acquired\\nthe Chronicle) and the Evening Visitor, dailies with weekly\\nissues, and also the North Carolinian, Christian Advocate,\\nChristian San, Biblical Recorder, Signal, Progressive Farmer,\\nGazette, Friend of Temperance, North Carolina Teacher, Eclectic,\\nVoice of Peace, etc.\\nTHE NEWS AND OBSERVER.\\nIt is not invidious to say of the News and Observer, by which\\nnanie it is best known, that for twenty-five years it has been\\nan honor and crown of journalism in the State. Its editor-\\nin-chief, Capt. Samuel A. Ashe, a son of the revolutionary\\nstock of our glorious annals, united legal training and legis-\\nlative experience with his own patriotic history, before assum-\\ning the arduous duties of political and economical leadership\\nin the daily press, and his success amid a multitude of the\\nwrecks of such enterprises throughout the country, bears\\ntribute to the energy and sagacity of this citizen of Raleigh.\\nCHARITIES.\\nThe benevolent orders all flourish, both white and colored,\\nand they have been referred to in the account of the Centen-\\nnial procession. St. John s Hospital is a voluntary charita-\\nble institution, organized by St. John s Guild of the Church\\nof the Good Shepherd, reflecting the highest credit on the\\ncitizens who organized and maintain it. Dr. P. E. Hines is\\nMedical Superintendent and A. P. C. Bryan, Treasurer.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "104\\nt)r. Battle has alluded to the purchase of land in 1813 by\\nJohn Rex, a benevolent citizen of that day, who left it by\\nwill, with other property, for the founding of a hospital for\\nthe city. Much of this fund w^as lost in the financial revo-\\nlution occurring by the war of 1861. By wise management\\nthe remainder has gradually increased to nearly thirty\\nthousand dollars, and a happy arrangement has been effected\\nwhereby St. John s passes to the control of the Rex Hospital\\nTrustees, R. H. Battle, W. G. Upchurch and others, while its\\nbeneficent work goes on, aided by the income devised by the\\nnoble man who has so long slept with the just.\\nThe Soldiers Home is situated on Newbern avenue, and\\nthrough the efforts of W. C. Stronach and other large-hearted\\ncitizens, was opened for North Carolina Veterans in the fall\\nof 1890. It has now about sixty inmates, and receives an\\nappropriation from the State Treasury.\\nOn all occasions, when a great calamity has fallen upon\\nany portion of the Union, our city has never failed to respond\\ncheerfully to the cry of distress, and to contribute its full\\nshare for relief.\\nTHE SUBURBS.\\nIf space permitted we might describe the beauty of the\\nhills about our city and their pleasant homes. A chapter\\nmight well be bestowed upon the wheat-growing farms, vine-\\nyards, numerous and extensive; cotton-growing, market-gar-\\ndens, dairies and other interests. But we add a line from\\nthe pen of the proprietor of Fair A^iew Farm, and one of our\\nmen of business witli large experience, Capt. B. P. William-\\nson\\nTen years experience has taught me that many of the\\nbest grasses and all the best clovers grow well around Ral-\\neigh, and with the care taken in all other sections with their\\ngrowing we get as good results as others anywhere.\\nFive years experience in breeding fine horses justifies me\\nin saying that we can breed and raise them as fine, as good\\nand as cheaply as in any section of our great country.\\nNor has the Capital of North Carolina ever been wanting\\nin patriotism. Early in the war of 1812, with Great Britain,\\nJohn T. C. VVyatt (Wiatt) led a company as captain, and\\nmany citizens enlisted in the company of Capt. W. H.\\nMcCullers. Captains John Bell and John Green also com-\\nmanded companies at a later period in the war, which em-\\nbraced many Raleigh men. She sent a volunteer company", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "105\\nto the Mexican war, and many joined the company of Regu-\\nlars commanded by Captain (afterwards Colonel) W. J.\\nClarke. It would be difficult, it not impossible, to name the\\nhundreds of her sons who served in the war of 18(5 1, in every\\ncapacity, from general to private soldier. Two of the great\\ncamps of instruction were here; there was hardly a regiment\\nwithout a Raleigh boy, and Manly s battery, if we may\\nspecify one out of many brave organizations, reflected glor}^\\nupon its home.\\nHere lie the lamented General, L. O B. Branch, Geo. B.\\nAnderson, Col. H. K. Burgwyn, Col. Sion H. Rogers, Col.\\nTurner, Capt. Randolph Shotwell and others, and eight hun-\\ndred brave Confederates, asleep in the cemetery marked out\\nfor their special resting-place.\\nThe North Carolina Monumental Association, Mrs. Armis-\\ntead Jones, President, will erect in Capitol Square a shaft\\ncommemorative of the great deeds of North Carolina s heroes.\\nThe General Assembly has given $10,000 to this object, and\\nthe women of the State, especially, are responding to the call\\nto honor the venerated dead with a fitting testimonial of the\\ngratitude of those for whose rights and liberties they gave\\nup their lives.\\nFar more might be said of our city s honorable record in\\nthe past, and its prosperous outlook to-day. A commemora-\\ntive volume like this must neces=^arily leave the greater field\\nto the historian. But we hazard nothing in declaring that\\nin such hands as those which guide the progress of Ral-\\neigh in markets and manufactures, in municipal and\\nsocial advancement, in literary culture and moral elevation,\\nher future is safe. And when a century hence our\\ndescendants gather, perhaps, about some magnificent col-\\numn that emblazons the patriotism and virtue of the great\\nEnglishman wdiose name has crowned our Capital, may\\nsunny skies bend over a people as peaceful and happy as\\ntheir fathers of to-day a people symbolized by the Liberty\\nand Plenty on North Carolina s arms, and rooted like the\\noaks of the home they love, against the shocks and storms of\\ntime. C. B D.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION.\\nThe commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary\\nof the founding of the city of Raleigh was suggested by the\\npress and by many influential citizens; and in pursuance\\nthereof committees for said celebration were appointed by\\nthe Board of Aldermen, the Chamber of Commerce, the\\nState Agricultural Society, and the citizens in mass meeting.\\nThe following extract from the minutes of the City Clerk\\npresents the origin of the celebration:\\n[Resolution adopted April 1, 1892.]\\nBy Alderman Pogue:\\nWhereas, This is the centennial anniversary of the city of Raleigh;\\nand whereas it is befitting that the event be duly observed\\nResolved, 1st, That the Mayor appoint from the Board of Aldermen\\na committee of five (of which His Honor shall be chairman) to devise\\nways and means by which this historic event may be appropriately cele-\\nbrated\\nResolved, 2d, That the Chamber of Commerce be requested to appoint\\nat their next meeting a similar committee to cooperate with this com-\\nmittee.\\nThe Mayor appointed the following committee under the resolution:\\nAldermen Pogue, Stronach, Hunnicutt and Bowes\\nC. W. LAMBETH, Clerk.\\nThe following gentlemen composed the Board of Alder-\\nmen who authorized the proposed steps for the said celebra-\\ntion\\nFirst Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Frank Stronach, M. A. Parker, J. R. Terrell\\nand R. C. Redford.\\nSecond Ward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. R. Womble, S. A\\\\ House and F. W.\\nHunnicutt.\\nThird Ward C. R. Lee, J. E Pogue and Thomas Pescud.\\nFourth W^ard M. Bowes, B. J. Robinson (colored) and\\nAlfred Tate (colored).\\nFifth Ward Julius Lewis, R. E. Lumsden, D. M. King\\nand L. B. Pegram.\\nA joint meeting was held in Metropolitan Hall July 21,\\n1892, of the gentlemen thus selected, who chose an addi-\\ntional number of citizens to serve with them under the\\nname of The Board of Managers of the Raleigh Centen-\\nnial. Mavor Thomas Badger was elected chairman and\\nHenry E. Litchford secretary, and the Board was constituted\\nwith the following members: Dr. E. Burke Haywood, Rev.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "107\\nDr. J. J. Hall, Capt. C. B. Denson, L. C. Bagwell, B. F.\\nCheatham, B. F. Womble, B. S. Jerman, H. E. Litchford,\\nE. McK. Goodwin, James Boylan, Charles E. Johnson, G. E.\\nLeach, C. B. Edwards, B. R. Harding, W. S. Primrose, A. Q,.\\nHolladay, W. C. Stronach, R. G. Dunn, G. F. Kennedy,\\nJosephus Daniels, W. E. Ashley, P. H. Andrews, W. H.\\nHughes, A. A. Thompson, R. H. Battle, Dr. R. H. Lewis, Dr.\\nJames McKee, Frank Stronach, J. E. Pogue, F. W. Hunni-\\ncutt, M. Bowes, Julius Lewis, B. P. Williamson, Col. W. J.\\nHicks, D. W. Bain, N. B. Broughton, C. G. Latta, R. S. Pul-\\nlen, Hon T. M. Holt, Maj. R. S. Tucker, Dr. T. D. Hogg,\\nCapt. S. A. Ashe, A. F. Page, William M. Boylan, Judge A.\\nS. Merrimon, Judge T. C. Fuller, Hon. E. G. Reade, J. J.\\nThomas, Col. A. B. Andrews, Dr. W. J. Hawkins, Hon. T. R.\\nJernigan, Dr. G. W. Blacknall, Maj. John C. Winder, C. B.\\nRoot, William G. Upchurch, Judge Walter Clark, J. S.\\nWynne and Col. J. M. Heck.\\nOn July 29, under a resolution of the Board, the Mayor\\nnominated the members of the following committees, who\\nwere duly elected\\nCommittee of Livitation C. B. Denson, B. P. Williamson,\\nWalter Clark, Dr. R. H. Lewis and T. R. Jernigan.\\nCommittee on Programme J. E. Pogue, A. A. Thompson,\\nC. G. Latta, S. A. Ashe and N. B. Broughton.\\nCommittee on Ways and Means R. H. Battle, R. S. Pul-\\nlen, J, J. Thomas, J. J. Hall, D. D., and R. S. Tucker.\\nCommittee on Speakers and Music W. S. Primrose, A. Q,.\\nHolladay, C. B. Edwards, W. H. Hughes and A. S. Merrimon.\\nCommittee on Printing and Advertising Josephus Dan-\\niels, G. E. Leach, D. T. Swindell, B. F. Womble and B. S.\\nJerman.\\nCommittee on Trade Floats W. E. Ashley, Julius Lewis,\\nJ. S. Wynne, James McKee, M. D., and W. G. Upchurch.\\nCommittee on Centennial Ball\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Charles E. Johnson, G. W.\\nBlacknall, James Boylan, E. McK. Goodwin and W. C.\\nStronach.\\nSubsequently other gentlemen were requested to serve on\\nthe Board, and the following additional committees were\\nappointed\\nCommitteeon Pyrotechnics and Military Frank Stronach,\\nM. Bowes, L. C. Bagwell, C. F. Kenned v, P. PL Andrews, S. F.\\nTelfair, J. W. Cross, E. G. Harrell, H. M. Cowan, E. B. Engel-\\nhard, W. B. Grimes, G. E. Leach, W. R. Richardson and\\nF. A. Olds.\\nCommittee on Decorations and Illuminations D. T. Swin-\\ndell, George C. Heck and L. A. Mahler.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108\\nCommittee on Transportation G. E. Leach and P. H.\\nAndrews.\\nCommittee on Finance J. E Pogue and C. B. Root.\\nBureau of Information H. W. Ayer, G. E. Leach and F.\\nStronach.\\nThe Managers held frequent meetings, characterized by-\\ngreat earnestness and always harmonious and agreeable.\\nIndeed, throughout the history of the celebration, as with\\none heart, the whole people of the city united in this task\\nof love. Ten thousand copies of the following address were\\ndistributed throughout the State:\\nTo the Peo]3le of North Carolina\\nOne hundred years ago the Capital of your State was founded upon\\nthe order of a Sovereign Convention of the people. The city thus called\\ninto existence by your will, in the quiet shades of a beautiful forest of\\noaks, in the county of Wake, has grown with your growth, nourished\\nby the best blood of the commonwealth, and is to-day the representative\\nof your heroic past and brilliant future.\\nThe history of Raleigh is your own history in an especial sense. Every\\ncounty has contributed to its population, and sent hither some leader of\\nthe people in legislative assemblies, or some one of the noble spirits that\\nhave honored the judicial bench or the executive chair.\\nThe ashes of many of Carolina s sons, distinguished in peace or war,\\nrest here. Ties of kindred and friendship unite every county of your\\nbroad domain with this city. Its very streets and public squares are\\nyour own property. Here your laws are made, proclaimed, interpreted\\nand executed. Here are many of your great institutions of State, and\\nhere are preserved the records which will be the grandest legacy of your\\nposterity. To celebrate the Centennial of Raleigh, is to commemorate\\nthe deeds of the great statesmen, jurists, educators and soldiers that each\\nsection of the State has sent hither for the common welfare of ail.\\nThey have left an impress upon this community forever. They have\\nmade Raleigh in moulding the spirit of its people.\\nAccepting the bidding of modern enterprise, without forgetting the\\nglorious traditions of the former days, we are rejoiced that with new\\nlife and strength, your Capital is growing daily in material progress. In\\nchurches and schools, in factories and workshops, in facilities for trade,\\nin multiplied institutions, the improvements of modern life, and the\\ncomfort and beauty of her homes.\\nTherefore, celebrating with grateful hearts the completion of her first\\ncentury, the undersigned committee of her citizens cordially invite all\\nNorth Carolinians, from every town and county, to assemble on the 18th,\\n19th and 20th days of October next, and unite with the people of Raleigh\\nin the commemoration of the Centennial of their home and your Capital.\\nDuring that week the Raleigh Centennial, the State Fair, a magnifi-\\ncent pyrotechnic display, and a festival recalling colonial days, will\\ntake place for your interest and enjoyment.\\nWe repeat, then, the cordial invitation to the people of North Caro-\\nlina, and to those of Carolinian ancestry or association, wherever they\\nmay be, to come up as one man, and with one heart. The citizens of\\nRaleigh will bid you welcome.\\nThomas Badger, Pres. .T. M. Heck,\\nH. E. LiTCHFORD, Sec. C. B. Denson,\\nW. S. Primrose.\\nRaleigh, N. C. August 26, 1882. Special Com. of Invitation.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "109\\nThis was cordially responded to by the press, and, as the\\nevent proved, by the largest assemblage of people that the\\nCapital of North Carolina had ever witnessed within her\\nlimits.\\nThe Committee on Programme recommended that Hon.\\nKemp P. Battle, LL. D., of the University of North Carolina,\\nbe requested to deliver the commemorative address, and that\\na prize be offered for the best centennial poem, which Capt.\\nC. B. Denson was invited to read.\\nThe Board of Aldermen generously contributed from the\\nfunds of the city two thousand one hundred dollars to aid\\nin defraying the cost of the celebration. Oriole yellow and\\nred were adopted as the colors of the city, henceforth to be\\ninse|)arably blended with the happy remembrance of a cele-\\nbration, so delightful to the peojde, and so honorable in its\\npatriotic s[)irit and devotion.\\nBy common consent, Col. J. M. Heck was chosen Chief\\nMarshal. This high honor was not una})preciated, but he\\nmodestly strove to transfer it to some other citizen. Happily\\nfor all, the Board of Managers unanimously insisted upon its\\nchoice, and events proved the wisdom of the selection of a\\ngentleman of expansive views, admirable executive power,\\nand know ledge of the infinite details essential to success in\\nany great demonstration.\\nA grand allegorical and trades procession was resolved\\nupon for Tuesday, October 18, to be followed by the oration at\\nnight; on Wednesday night, a display of fireworks in Moore\\nSquare; and on Thursday night, the centennial ball.\\nMessrs C. B Root, Samuel A. Ashe and C. B. Denson were\\nappointed a committee to prepare a list of honorary mar-\\nshals as special guests, to be chosen from the old citizens\\nidentified with the growth and history of the town. The\\ngentlemen selected were to be not less than sixty-five years\\nof age, to be chosen from every walk of life, and to be\\nescorted in carriages as the honored fathers of the Oak City.\\nOn the nomination of Chief Marshal Heck, field marshals\\nof divisions and assistant marshals were elected (October 4),\\nand thereafter Centennial Headquarters were opened at the\\noffice of George C. Heck, Esq. (corner Fayetteville and Martin\\nstreets), where the field marshals held frequent meetings for\\nthorough organization. The centennial colors were distrib-\\nuted, and soon the red and yellow were s\u00c2\u00b0en on the bosom\\nof all, rich and poor, white and colored, old and young,\\nunited at least in pride of the glorious history and steady\\nadvancement of the city that bears Raleigh s great name.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "110\\nInvitations were issued to eminent gentlemen throughout\\nthe country, and especially to distinguished North Caroli-\\nnians, and those connected with Raleigh by former residence\\nor ancestry. The greater number responded by attending in\\nperson, and were courteously received by Field Marshal\\nCharles E. Johnson and assistants. Replies from others were\\nreceived, some of which are appended as follows:\\nRALEIGH FROM ABROAD\u00e2\u0080\u0094 COMPLIMENTARY PARAGRAPHS IN\\nREFERENCE TO OUR CITY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE CELEBRATION OF THE\\nCENTENNIAL AWAKENS INTEREST THROUGHOUT THE\\nCOUNTRY.\\nThe celebration of the Centennial of Raleigh has awakened interest\\nthroughout the country. The newspapers of this State and those adjoin-\\ning have many complimentary paragraphs in reference to the enterprise\\nof our city. We publish a few of the many courteous letters received\\nby the Committee of Invitation of the Board of Managers.\\nCardinal s Residence.\\nBaltimore, Md., October 14, 1892.\\nMessrs. C. B. Denson, Walter Clark, B. P. Williamson, R. H. Lewis\\nand T. R. Jernigan, Committee of Invitation.\\nGentlemen: His Eminence the Cardinal begs to thank you for the\\nkind invitation which, in the name of the Board of Managers, you have\\nsent him to attend the Raleigh Centennial. Nothing would have given\\nhim more satisfaction than to assist in the ceremonies in commemora-\\ntion of the founding of the Capital of North Carolina. But he will be\\npresent in Chicago at that time, where he has been invited to say the\\nclosing prayer at the dedication of the buildings of the World s Fair.\\nI beg to assure you, gentlemen, of the Cardinal s appreciation, of and his\\ngratitude at, your kind invitation.\\nI have the honor to be, gentlemen.\\nVery respectfully yours in Christ,\\nC. F. Thomas, Chancellor.\\n[From ex-Presideut Grover Cleveland.]\\nVictoria Hotel, New York City, Oct. 18, 1892.\\nC. B. Denson, Esq., Chairman Committee of Invitation, Raleigh, N. C.\\nMy Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of an\\ninvitation in behalf of the Board of Managers of the Raleigh Centennial\\nto be present at the commemoration of the founding of the Capital of\\nNorth Carolina, to take place from the 18th to the 21st of the present\\nmonth.\\nI very much regret that my engagements here are such as to forbid\\nmy acceptance of your courteoiis invitation. Hoping that the occasion\\nwill be entirely successful and thoroughly enjovable, I am very truly\\nyours. Grover Cleveland.\\n[From the Governor of Virginia.]\\nGovernor s Office, Richmond, Oct. 17, 1892.\\nC. B. Denson, et ah. Committee of Invitation lOO^/i Anniversary of the\\nCity of Raleigh.\\nGentlemen: I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to\\nacknowledge the receipt of the invitation to the 100. h anniversary of the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Ill\\ncity of Raleigh, and State of North Carolina, from the 18ch to the 21st\\nof October, 1892, to thank you for the compliment conveyed and to\\nexpress his very great regret that the pressure of official busmess and\\nother public engagements here, will preclude his having the pleasure of\\nbeing present upon such an enjoyable occasion, commemorating as it\\ndoes the life and success of the noble Raleigh in whom Virginia claims\\nan equal interest with her sister North Carolina. With best wishes for\\nthe complete success of your celebration, I am very respectfully and\\ntruly yours, Cazneau McLeod, Secretary.\\n[From the Chief Justice of the United States.]\\nWashington, October 15, 1892.\\nC. B. Denson and others, Board of Managers of the Raleigh Centennial\\nThe Chief Justice and Mrs. Fuller beg to acknowledge the invitation\\nof the Board of Managers of the Raleigh Centennial, to be present at the\\n100th anniversary of the city of Raleigh on the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st\\nof October, 1892, and to express their regret at their inability to attend\\non that occasion.\\n[From O. V. Smith, Traffic Manager Seaboard Air-Line.]\\nNorfolk, Va., October 15, 1892.\\nCapt. C B. Denson, Chairman Committee of Invitation, Raleigh, N. C\\nDear Sir: I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to be\\npresent at the celebration of the city of Raleigh s 100th anniversary.\\nRest assured it would afford me infinite pleasure to be with you on so\\ninteresting an occasion. I regret, however, that my engagements require\\nmy presence in New York from the 18th to the 22d inclusive.\\nMay abundant success crown your efforts, and niay Raleigh s pros-\\nperity, population and progress! veness move hand in hand with each\\nsucceeding year of her second century.\\nYours truly,\\nO. V. Smith.\\n[From the Hon. J. F. Graves, Judge Superior Court of North Carolina.]\\nMt. Airy, N. C, October 18, 1892.\\nMessrs. C. B. Denson, Walter Clark, B. P. Williamson, R. H. Leivis,\\nM. D., and T. R. Jernigan.\\nDear Sirs: On my return home from Gaston Superior Court, I found\\nyour invitation to be present and vinite in the Commemoration of the\\nfounding of the Capital of North Carolina.\\nI have pride in the past history and present condition of North Caro-\\nlina, and earnestly desire that the past history may be brought truly to\\nlight, so that the beloved State may be put before our own people and\\nall others in such way that the grand commonwealth may occupy her\\nproper position in the hearts of her own people, and in the mind of the\\nwhole world. Yours truly,\\nJ. F. Graves.\\n[From Rev. Charles F. Deems, D. D., LL. D., 4 Winthrop Place, New York, Oct. 14, 92,]\\nCaptain C, B. Denson.\\nDear Sir: Be pleased to present to the Committee on Invitation very\\ngrateful acknowledgment of their request to be present and unite in the\\ncommemoration of the 100:h anniversary of the foundation of the city\\nof Raleigh.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112\\nHaving known the good capital of the dear Old North State through\\nmore than half its life, having had many of my best friends among\\nits citizens, and having most delightful memories connected with it, let\\nme assure you that I have sincere regret that my engagements deny me\\nthe pleasure of taking part in the proposed commemoration.\\nWith very great respect.\\nYours cordially,\\nCharles F. Deems.\\n[Froin Judge Legh R. Watts, General Counsel of the Seaboard Air-Line. J\\nPortsmouth, Va., October 14, 1892.\\nCapt. C. B. Denson, Esq., Raleigh, N. C.\\nMy Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the\\ninvitation to attend the lOOch anniversary of the city of Raleigh, from\\nthe 18th to the 2 1st inst. I am much gratified at your thoughtful cour-\\ntesy, and did not business engagements of an imperative character take\\nme to the North at the time indicated I should certainly be present.\\nMy official connection with the system of railroads which is so intimately\\nidentified with your city and its prosperity, is one reason why I should\\nlike to attend; another is a reason personal to myself. There is a bond\\nwhich binds together the people of the two commonwealths, and in the\\ncity of Raleigh I have many friends. I notice with pleasure the distin-\\nguished position assigned you; as an old friend, schoolmate, and former\\nfellow-townsman I congratulate you. Again thanking you and the\\nCommittee on Invitation, I remain\\nYours very truly,\\nLegh R. Watts.\\n[From ex-Governor C. H. Brogden.]\\nGoldsboro, N, C, October 14, 1892.\\nTo the Committee on Invitation.\\nGentlemen; I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your\\npolite invitation on the part of the Board of Managers of the Raleigh\\nCentennial by which I*am cordially invited to be present and unite\\nwith them in the commemoration of the founding of the Capital of North\\nCarolina.\\nFor this distinguished mark of respect I beg leave to tender you and\\nthose you represent my sincere thanks, and the assurance that it is highly\\nand gratefully appreciated.\\nHaving been acquainted with the city of Raleigh and many of her\\ngood people for the last tifty-four years, and having resided in that city\\nand been connected with our State government in different ways a con-\\nsiderable part of the time, I have always felt a deep and lively interest\\nin the development of her resources, and her prosperity and growth.\\nIn all the mutations through which our country has passed during the\\nlast one hundred years, Raleigh has steadily maintained her good char-\\nacter for peace, law and order. As the best evidence of this statement,\\nthere has been less crime committed within her limits than in any other\\ntown or city in the United States, according to population, for the same\\nlength of time. This is owing to her peaceable and law-abiding people,\\nand the good management of her municipal affairs. No town, in or out\\nof the State, ever had a better population than the old settlers and citi-\\nzens of Raleigh. The hero, whose name she bears, was a man of noble\\npresence and commanding genius, unquestionably one of the most splen-\\ndid figures in a time unusually prolific of all splendid developments of\\nhumanity. In the politic wisdom of the statesman and the skilful dar-\\ning of the warrior, he was pre-eminent. The moral element of the man", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "113\\nshone out eminently in the darkness which beset his later fortunes, and\\nthe calm and manly dignity with which he bore adverse fate conciliated\\neven those whom his haughtiness in prosperity had offended. We are\\ninformed that under the auspices of Sir Walter Raleigh, the flig of Eng-\\nland was first unfurled on Roanoke Island, in North Carolina, on the 4th\\nof July, 1584. When the book of time shall be opened it will show that\\nthe city of Raleigh has a history and a fame of which North Carolina\\nmay well be proud. May Fhe continue to walk in her integrity and\\nincrease in prosperity and Christianity as time rolls on. May peace be\\nwithin her walls and prosperity within her gates. May her ways be\\nways of pleasantness, and all her paths be peace. I have the honor to\\nbe, with very great respect.\\nYour obedient servant,\\nC. H. Brogden.\\n[From Co!. J. S. Amis.]\\nOxford, N. C, October 17, 1893.\\nMessrs. C. B. Denson and others, Committee, Raleigh, N. C.\\nGentlemen: Accept my thanks for the invitation to be present at your\\ncity centennial on the 18ch of October. I am glad to see your city put-\\nting on so much life and becomint; pride in her history, and doubt not\\nthat the beneficial influence resulting from this celebration will be far-\\nreaching, not only to your city, but to the whole State. It would be\\nmost delightful to witness the display and partake of the patriotic sijirit\\nof the occasion, but other engagements will render it impossible for me\\nto be with you.\\nWishing the fullest success in all that concerns your city, and again\\nthanking you, I am, Your obedient servant,\\nJ. S. Amis,\\nPresident Board of Directors of Insane Asylum North Carolina.\\n[From an old citizen of Raleigh.]\\nThe Dickinson County News,\\nAbilene, Kansas, October 15, 1892.\\nMessrs. C. B. Denson, B. P. Williamson, and others, Committee.\\nGentlemen: There is nothing that would give us more pleasure my\\nson and I than co be present at the Raleigh Centennial, but short-\\nness of time and business duties compel us to reluctantly decline your\\nkind invitation. I. especially, would like to be with you on that occa-\\nsion, as I am a native of the good Old North State, and was a resident\\nof Raleigh from 1835 to 1809. During that time I saw Hon, E. E. Dud-\\nley, the first Governor elected by the people of the State, inaugurated,\\nand many other things of historical interest, up to the time that tried\\nmen s souls 1861 to 1865 all of which would do me good to hear related.\\nMy affection for my native land grows stronger every day, and I trust\\nyou will have a celebration fraught with so much pleasure that it will\\nnot cease to live in the hearts of the present and future generations,\\nduring the second century.\\nThanking you for your kind remembrance of us, I am.\\nRespectfully yours,\\nF. k. Strother.\\nA cordial invitation was extended to the various organi-\\nzations in the city to take v art in the procession, and also to\\nthe ranking officers of each body in the State, including the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114\\nMasons, Knights Templar, Odd Fellows, Knights of P3 thias,\\nTrades Union, Typographical Union, Ladies Auxiliary of\\nYoung Men s Christian Association, Tobacco Association,\\nRaleigh Academy of Medicine, Cotton Exchange, Dental\\nAssociation, Underwriters Association, Raleigh and Gaston\\nRailroad Relief Association, Brotherhood of Locomotive\\nEngineers, Wheelmen s Association, the public schools, Ral-\\neigh Male Academy, North Carolina College of Agriculture,\\nSt. Mary s School and Peace Institute, and students of the\\nInstitution for the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind. The Governor\\nand other State officers, Mayor and Aldermen and the police\\nand fire departments were especially invited.\\nIn recognition of the blessings of Providence and in grate-\\nful remembrance thereof, the managers, on October 11,\\nappointed Messrs. R. S. Tucker, E. McK. Goodwin and J. J.\\nHall, D. D., a committee to wait upon the pastors of the sev-\\neral churches and request them to hold commemorative\\nservices in their respective congregations on Sunday, October\\n16. This request was cheerfully complied with wherever it\\nwas practicable, and the solemn sanction of religion was\\ngiven to the people s week of rejoicing.\\nSERVICES AT THE CHURCHES.\\nAt the First Baptist Church the Rev. Dr. J. W. Carter\\npreached from Joshua iv 6, 7, in reference to the carrying of\\na stone by each of twelve selected men through the waters\\nof the miraculously-divided Jordan, the twelve stones being\\nset in a lodging-place on the opposite side of the river as\\nmemorial stones of this great event. He alluded to the\\ngreat dates of 1492, 1792 and 1892, and called attention to\\nthe fact that the centennial anniversary of Raleigh was also\\nthe centennial of the first Baptist Foreign Mission Society,\\nformed in Kettering, England, by Carey, Fuller, and others.\\nHe drew a graphic picture of Europe four hundred years\\nago, and of the career of Columbus. He pointed to the\\nDivine Hand in human history. Strikingly was this illus-\\ntrated in the voyage of Columbus, who was sailing for the\\ncoast of North Carolina but was diverted to the West Indies\\nby the flight of birds. But a Spanish settlement of our\\nState instead of its English origin one hundred and fifty\\nyears later would have greatly changed its history, and pos-\\nsibly that of the Western World. One hundred years ago\\nthe area on which our city stands was a forest. The grounds\\nof the Capitol, it is said, formed a favorite deer stand. The", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "115\\nState had then about 400,000 inhabitants. The government\\nhad no settled habitation had been sometimes at Hillsboro,\\nNewbern, Halifax, etc. Commissioners were appointed, and\\nthe farm of Joel Lane was selected as the site of the Capital.\\nThe name of the gifted and honorable but unfortunate Ral-\\neigh, who sent the first expedition to North Carolina, was\\ngiven to the newly-organized town. A statue ought to be\\nerected to the memory of that great man and placed in the\\ngrounds of the Capitol, like that of Washington. The prog-\\nress of the city was slow, having only 700 inhabitants in\\nfifteen years. But it is now steady, and we have great reason\\nto rejoice and thank God for the churches and schools, and\\nfor the good men and women to-day in our midst.\\nAt Edenton Street Methodist Church the Rev. J. N. Cole\\ndelivered a special Centennial sermon to a very large con-\\ncourse, upon The Heavenly City in Analogy and Contrast\\nwith Earthly Cities. Special and appropriate music was\\nrendered, and the Rev. Dr. Long, President of Elon College\\n(Christian), made a touching and eloquent prayer.\\nAt Central Methodist Church Rev. Dr. J. A. Cuninggim\\ninvoked the blessings of God for the coming century, and\\nRev. J. B. Hurley, the pastor, referred to the growth and\\nprosperity of Raleigh, the many attractions it possessed, and\\nprophesied for the city a great future.\\nThe Rev. Dr. Eugene Daniel, of the First Presbyterian\\nChurch, delivered a very appropriate address. The State of\\nNorth Carolina, he said, should be justly proud of her his-\\ntory before and during the Revolution. Her Mecklenburg\\nDeclaration showed the first spirit of independence, and the\\nbattle-field of GTuilford showed the determination to sustain\\nthe Declaration with her life-blood. In alluding to the\\nearly days of Raleigh, he mentioned that in 1810 the Rev.\\nWilliam McPheeters was called to be the Principal of the\\nAcademy and pastor of the city, and all religious services\\nwere held in the Capitol, conducted by the City Pastor.\\nIn 1817 the present First Presbyterian Church was built,\\nwhich has since been such a blessing to the community.\\nRaleigh has developed into all that goes to make an attract-\\nive and delightful modern city, and should be the pride of\\nthe State.\\nAt Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, in the absence of\\nRev. Dr. M. M. Marshall, the Rector, the Rev. Dr. R. B. Sut-\\nton alluded to the commemorations of the municipality and\\nthe country in impressive terms, and the choir rendered the\\nhymn, God Bless our Native Land.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116\\nBut tlie most elaborate observance took place at the Cliurch\\nof the Good Shepher i (Protestant Episcopal). The morning\\nservice commemorated the one hundredth anniversary of the\\nconsecration on American soil of a Bishop of the Prote-tant\\nEpiscopal Church. The service at night was in observance\\nof the Centennial of Raleigh and the quadri-centennial of\\nthe landing of Columbus. The church was beautifully deco-\\nrated in the colors of the cit}\\nHon. Chas. M. Busbee, a native resident (formerly Grand\\nSire of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and as such\\nthe official head of the largest benevolent order in the world),\\nmade an address, which this volume can onl} represent by\\nextracts. Breathing the living regard of a son tor his mother,\\nit yet represents the truly conservative s[)irit of the wise\\nfathers of the past.\\nADDRESS OF HON. CHARLES M. BUSBEE.\\nLxDiES AND Gentlemen: I did not feel at liberty to\\ndecline the invitation of the Rector of tliis church tendered\\nme a day or so ago, to be present this evening and speak to\\nyou brieli}^ upon this interesting occasion this beginning\\nof the celebration of our municipal centenary for I believe\\nit to be the duty of each and all of us by word and effort to\\ndo what lies in our power to make the celebration upon which\\nwe are entering worthy of ourselves and of the city in whicli\\nwe live. The man who does not join with his fellow-citizens\\nin the endeavor to make the event memorable in the annals\\nof the city, is not as patriotic and as valuable a citizen as he\\nought to be.\\nTr\\nIt is eminently proper that this beginning of our Centen-\\nnial should take place on this sacred day within ttje walls of\\nthis holy temple. To the Lord God of Hosts we owe what-\\never measure of prosperity and happiness that rias come to\\nus, as a community or as individuals for underneath all\\ntemporal and spiritual blessings are the everlasting arms.\\nExcept the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that\\nbuild it.\\nExcept the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but\\nin vain\\nHe has shielded from storm and tempest, from fire and flood\\nand pestilence, and during the ever-recurring years He has\\nmultiplied to us His bounteous gifts and bestowed on us\\nwitiiout ceasing His gracious benefactions. We should be", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "117\\nunworthy of His continued favor if we did not, at this incep-\\ntion of our thanksgiving, kueel in His presence, and with\\ngrateful hearts, declaring our abiding faith in Him; beseech\\nHim for a continuance of His love and divine protection.\\nIt is well for a city to commemorate its centennial. It\\nwould be without excuse or ju tificalion, if this prosperous\\nand progressive city did not sliow to the world its apprecia-\\ntion of the fact that it has reached its hundredth birth-day\\nand turned into its second century. The ceremonies of the\\ncoming week will mark an epoch in our history. It is grati-\\nfying to see that all the patriotic fervor lying dormant in our\\nhearts has come into active play, and our people of all classes\\nand conditions are moved by one comnjon impulse of mu-\\nnicipal pride and patriotism.\\nThe city of Raleigh was founded and incorporated just\\none hundred years ago. It was located as the Capital of the\\nState by a legislative majority of one, and subsequent his-\\ntory in this instance, even if it does not in all instances, has\\ndemonstrated the wise foresight of the legislative will. The\\ncity was named in honor of that chivalrous Englishman who\\nbrightened with his genius and adventure the famous reign\\nof England s virgin queen. The city is well named. Our\\npeople are chivalrous and brave, steadfast and enterprising;\\nthey retain that manly virtue, not so prevalent now as in\\nother days, of supreme devotion to woman, that knightl}\\ncourtesy which is of right their due; they are patriotic,\\nloving the soil upon which they daily tread they have faith\\nin the future that awaits their city, and they are enterprising,\\nwilling to invest their fortunes and their labors in its advance-\\nment. They have inherited from their fathers the virtues of\\nwhich the valoroiis statesman of the sixteenth century, whose\\nname the city perpetuates, was so signal an exemplar.\\nA city takes its character from the people who possess it.\\nThe people of Raleigh have always been a God-fearing and\\nGod-serving people. Our religious development and influence\\nhas ever been coextensive with the material growth of our\\ncity. The humble beginning was a small Methodist church\\non Blount street, and the great denomination which built\\nthe first church in Raleigh has grown into a vast religious\\npower for the spread of the Kingdom of God. The other\\ndenominations have advanced with even step, in numbers\\nand ever-increasing influence, with a common purpose and\\na common hope, until now there are thirty churches in our\\nmidst from which the gospel of the living God is preached\\nabout one to every five hundred of our population. The", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118\\nchurch in which we have assembled this evening illustrates\\nthe increase. It has now more communicants than its mother\\nchurch had not many years ago when it withdrew and\\norganized a new parish. And to-day the churches of Raleigh\\nare full of zeal and the spirit of the Most High God, and\\nthe vital truths of God s Word are preached by faithful men\\nfrom Sabbath to Sabbath in churches that do not tolerate\\nthe private ownership of any part of the house of God. May\\nI not quote the language of the great apostle who, speaking\\nof Tarsus, said: We are citizens of no mean city.\\nThe city of Raleigh is notable on account of the old\\nfamilies that remain. Many of the names now standing\\nupon the tax-lists are the names that were there one hun-\\ndred years ago. There is no need to mention them. Some\\nare here this evening. They ilhistrate in their lives the\\nsturdy virtues which are theirs by right of inheritance. This\\ncity will never lose the impelling force given it in its early\\nyears by those pioneers of civilization who founded it, nor\\nwill it ever lose the refining influence of those who touched\\nand adorned it in its infancy with the grace and beauty of their\\ncharacters whose sons and daughters yet live amongst us.\\nAnd yet to them is not all the credit due, for there have\\ncome into our midst from time to time men and women of\\nother counties and States and nations, who have become as\\ntruly our fellow-citizens as if to the manor born, and who\\nhave equalled those of native birth in their loyalty to the\\ncity of their adoption and in their love for its people, its tra-\\nditions and its welfare. For the people of Raleigh have\\nalways welcomed and will ever welcome the worthy stranger\\nto their hearts and homes. It matters not from whence he\\ncomes, what his faith or sect, if he is honest and industrious\\nhe will always fiud a hearty welcome and sympathy and\\nfriends. -x-\\nThere is one thing about our city which I conceive I can\\nsafely assert: that no deserving person ever lived in our\\nmidst for any length of time who did not become attached\\nto the city and its people, and who if compelled to move\\naway did not desire to return. I can count among our citi-\\nzens many who at some period of their lives, thinking to\\nbetter their fortunes, moved away, and unable to resist the\\nspirit that incited them, returned, and were glad to return.\\nThere is some alluring quality in the air of Kaleigh, filling\\nit with an indefinable subtle power, that when you once\\nbecome accustomed to it, renders it the most delightful\\natmosphere you ever breathed, and if once forsaken, it is", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "119\\nalmost impossible to resist the longing that comes upon you\\nto fill your lungs with it again. Perhaps you may call me\\nextravagant of speech, but at least 3^ou will give me credit for\\nbelieving what I say.\\nI believe that the city of Raleigh has always done its duty.\\nIt has ever been prompt to respond to appeals for sympathy\\nand aid when misfortune has come to other communities,\\nand in times of public peril it has never shirked the per-\\nformance of its natural and moral obligations.\\nIt sent brave men into the service of their country in 1812,\\nand the bones of its sons are entombed beneath Mexican\\nsoil. When civil war divided our own people, no city in the\\nSouth made quicker reply to the call of the State or sent into\\nthe Confederate army a more gallant band of soldiers. On\\nmany a bloody field they proved the mettle of the race from\\nwhich they sprung, and there was scarcely a battle-field in\\nA irginia that was not watered with the blood of some Ral-\\neigh boy.\\nNo city in all the land sheltered a more self-sacrificing\\nband of women, who, without murmur, gave their husbands\\nand brothers and sons to a cause in which they believed, and\\nwho bore without complaint the bitter burden of those who\\ncould only wait for the end, and suffer while they kept the\\nfaith; and yet no city in all the South accepted more freely\\nand without cavil the end that came at last, and more\\npromptly recognized the paramount duty of those who\\nrenewed their alliance as citizens of a restored Union, never\\nagain to be broken. And to-day there are no people in this\\nland of ours who are more faithful to the Government as it\\nis and to the flag which is the symbol of its power.\\n45- vr -x-\\nFortunate it is for us that we have never had a boom.\\nThe growth of the city, although slow, has been sure and\\nsteadfast. What we have gained we hold. We are a con-\\nservative people and go safely if slowly. We have builded\\nupon a rock. No commercial disaster has ever wrecked us.\\nNo financial storm has ever overwhelmed us.\\nAnd yet our progress during the last twenty years has\\nbeen noticeable. We have substituted well-paved streets for\\ncountry roads, and bad roads at that. And the various roads\\nleading into the city are being re-made upon scientific prin-\\nciples. We have the best organized and best operated vol-\\nunteer fire department in the United States, and I challenge\\nany city in the Union to produce firemen, whether profes-\\nsional or not, who can eclipse our volunteer firemen in", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120\\nbravery, in devotion to duty, in absolute reliability and skil-\\nful endeavor. We have a system of water-works furnishing\\nas plentiful a supply of pure water as we need. We have a\\nwell- managed electric railway, a telephone exchange, and\\nimprovements are still the order of the day. Cotton facto-\\nries, the new hotel and opera-house cease to attract attention.\\nAnd, above all, we have materially enlarged our educational\\nfacilities. We are a city of churches and schools a city\\nfilled with the hum of busy industries and our people are\\nunited and conservative, vigorous and enthusiastic, law-\\nabiding and safe, and they are proud of the city they have\\nbuilt.\\n-X- Tc -X- -x-\\nWe propose this week to put on our holiday clothes, the\\ngarments of mirth, and to congratulate ourselves and let our\\nneighbors and friends join in the congratulations that always\\nattend birth-days duly and properly celebrated. It is our\\npurpose to open our gates, to show hospitality to the stranger,\\nto banish for the time all personal and political controver-\\nsies, to forget the clashing rivalries of business, and to enjoy\\nourselves as a patriotic and homogeneous people.\\n-X- -x- -X-\\nAnd let us take withal a serious view of it. Let us deter-\\nmine that in the days to come, so far as we are able, we will\\nkeep our city in the paths of virtue and morality in which\\nour fathers trod. Let us make our city, in the language of\\nthe prophet Isaiah, a crowning city, whose traffickers are the\\nhonorable of the earth.\\nLet us remember that while we are citizens here, we are\\nalso citizens of a heavenly kingdom and that the duties and\\nprivileges of that higher and better citizenship are para-\\nmount to our duties and privileges here. Let us go forth\\ninto the coming years with an ever-enlarging faith in God,\\nready to do His will, and knowing that that city and that\\npeople alone are safe and strong, whose God is the Lord, and\\nwho walk in the divine and radiant light of His countenance.\\nPresident Geo. T. Winston, of the University of North\\nCarolina, then pronounced the commemorative Columbian\\naddress. After a philosophic description of great men as the\\ngift of a great age, and a tribute to the genius of Columbus,\\nhe reckoned the great benefits to humanity from his discov-\\nery as follows: 1. Room for the development of the energies\\nawaking in Europe. 2. The fall expansion of the Anglo-\\nSaxon race by the occupancy of a new continent. 3. The", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "121\\ncivilization and Christianity of many millions of Africans,\\nthrough a mild system of slavery. 4. Progress in America\\ninducing progreirs in Europe in politics, society and relig-\\nion. The fifth, and last, is a[)pended in his own language:\\n5. It has shifted the centre of gravity of the universe: the\\nAtlantic has supplanted the Mediterranean, and New York\\nis the heart of the world. Columbus made the world larger,,\\nbut it has steadily grown smaller. The voyage that he made\\nin seventy days is now complete in only six. The earth is\\nribbed with steel and the steam horse plows through the\\nmountains. The electric wire girdles the globe. Place your\\near at the battery and hear the heart-beat of humanity. The\\njoys and sorrows of the world are being condensed. All\\nmankind but yesterday wept at the bedside of the Poet Lau-\\nreate as he lay. dying. Slowly and steadily we are moving;\\nonward to grander and better standards of life.\\nThere is more comfort, more knowledge, and less disease\\nthan ever before. Man has conquered almost everything but\\nhimself. The humblest laborer rides upon the thunderbolts-\\nof Jove. Jehovah no longer speaks in the lightning and\\npestilence and famine; and man is sometimes prone to for-\\nget his Maker. But in the silence of the Sabbath morning,\\nwhen the bells are pealing to worship, God speaks and bids\\nthe spindles cease humming and the markets cease traffick-\\ning. Humanity puts aside its cares, its turmoil and ambi-\\ntion and listens to the silent voice of conscience as it pro-\\nclaims: Be still and know that I am God, I will be exalted\\namong the nations, I will be exalted in the earth.\\nTHE CITY IX HOLIDAY ATTIRE.\\nOn the next day the business establishments and resi-\\ndences along the route assigned to the procession, and in\\nother sections, were decorated with many rare and tasteful\\ndevices, chiefly in the oriole and red. Nothing so complete\\nand so beautiful in effect had ever been witnessed in our\\nborders, as everyone competed with his neighbor to exhibit\\nhis pride and love for the City of Oaks. In the language of\\nthe city press, The heavens are almost obscured in the gay\\nglittering waves of color. Across Fayetteville street was;\\nsuspended bright streamers, with a mammoth portrait of Sir\\nWalter Raleigh, and suitable mottoes.\\nThe great day of the celebration dawned bright and beau-\\ntiful, and its coming was greeted by the bells of all the,\\nchurches and the whistles of the factories and workshops.\\nThe incoming trains had brought thousands of visitors ta\\n8", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122\\nenjoy the da}^ and gradually the streets were filled with the\\nlargest assemblage ever known in the Capital City. At an\\nearly hour the thirteen divisions of the procession formed on\\nthe several streets leading to Fayetteville street, from the\\nsouthern extremity of which the parade began.\\nAt 10 A. M. the twenty-two Field Marshals and two hun-\\ndred and twenty-two Assistant Marshals met Chief Marshal\\nJ. M. Heck at the north gate of the Capitol, to escort the\\nState officers to their position in the processiou. Each Mar-\\nshal wore a sash of red and yellow, and his horse was\\ncaparisoned with housings of the same colors. The Field\\nMarshals in charge of divisions wore also a white rosette.\\nAs they proceeded in column of fours, escorting the state\\ncarriages to place at the foot of Fayetteville street, the scene\\nwas a brilliant prelude to the events of the day, and called\\nout the cheers of thousands. The following gentlemen com-\\nposed the superb body of Marshals, their names being\\nrecorded in the order of the signature on receipt of commis-\\nsions. Each commission bore the seal and colors of thecit}^\\nby special resolution of the Board of Aldermen.\\nTHE MARSHALS.\\nChief Marshal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Col. John M. Heck.\\nField Marshals Alf. A. Thompson, W. S. Primrose, Frank\\nStronach, Thomas Pescud, James McKee, William E. Ash-\\nley, T. B. Moseley, W. C. Stronach, G. E. Leach, William\\nBoylan, Joseph E. Pogue, E. B. Engelhard, Henrv Horton,\\nJohn Y. MacRae, R. S. Tucker, F. B. Haywood, N. B.\\nBroughton, C. B. Denson, A. W. Haywood, Hugh Morson,\\nCharles Earl Johnson.\\nAssistant Marshals Henry D. Blake, Walter Woollcott,\\nJohn R. Ferrall, Frank P. Haywood, Jr., John W. Har-\\ndin, Jr., William R. Crawford, Jr., Fred. A. Olds, Graham\\nHaywood, W. Deems Smith, William E. Shipp, Middle-\\nton T. Lea6h, J. R. Barkley, J. R. Rankin, Junius B. Tim-\\nberlake, J. A. Duncan, John C. Drewry, A. E. C. Lindsay,\\nE. L. Fleming, Jr., Maurice Rosenthal, J. Pink Wray, J. D.\\nTurner, Phil. H. Andrews, James C. Dobbin, Henry E.\\nLitchford, T. P. Jerman, Jr., William J. Saunders, E. D.\\nSmith, Carey J. Hunter, William H. Martin, H. J. Dowell,\\nJ. Henry Mahler, E. M. Uzzell, Thomas S. Stevenson, J. M.\\nBroughton, E C. Potter, A. J. Williams, R. E. Crawford,\\nJ. J. Dunn, Frank W. Rovster, C. M. Bretsch, T. L. Eberhard,\\nC. B. Wright, John B. Kenney, T. T. Hay, J. M. Ayer, K. P.\\nBattle, Jr., S. S. Batchelor, J. D. Boushall, George W. Fowler,\\nWilliam A. Wynne, N. W. West, W\\\\ W. Willson, J. C. Baugh,", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "123\\nC. W. Newcorab, R. C. Strong, S. T. Smith, G. W. Johnson,\\nF. K. Ellington, J. C. Pool, H. W. Jackson, B. C. Beckwith,\\nR. T. Gray, W. H. Bain, R. E. Lumsden, J. F. Ferrall, J. C.\\nBirdsong, J. G. Ball, William M. Lambeth, Ernest Haywood,\\nF. H. Cameron, Jr., C. N. Dixon, M. B. Barbee, Thomas A.\\nMiller, George W. Burgin, L. S. Ellison, J. J. Whitehead,\\nAlexander Stronach, R. S. Tucker, W. H. Pace, J. W. Cross;\\nB. W. Hunter, Ernest P. Maynard, P. H. Hughes, E. E.\\nEllington, J. J. Bernard, Alf. Jones, J. H. Jones, C. B.\\nEdwards, Jr., H. E. Upchurch, W. F. Myatt, Cecil G. Stone,\\nF. H. Busbee, J. C. S. Lumsden, D. T. Johnson, J. W. Cobb,\\nJ. H. Parham, N. T. Cobb, W. C. Cram, Thomas Badger, Jr.,\\nW. P. McGehee, W. E. Renn, B. G. Cowper, W. J. Ellington,\\nJ. S. Wynne, S. A. Campbell, T. 0. Faucett, Alston Grimes,\\nFred. A. Watson, S. \\\\V. Brewer, F. B. Dancy, Charles J. Mer-\\nrimon, G. M. Allen, A. R. D. Johnson, Ernest B. Bain, D. S.\\nHudgius, Joseph S. Correll, Alfred Williams, Jr., George C.\\nHeck, C. L. Hinton, W. C. Richardson, A. M. Bobbitt, B. F.\\nWomble, A. W. Knox, J. C. L. Harris, James H. Lawrence,\\nThomas Loftin Nowell, Horace B. Greason, E. A. Jones,\\nSherwood Haywood, John Stronach, D. D. Upchurch, Charles\\nDewey Wildes, C. W. Lewis, L. R. Wyatt, Ed. Chambers\\nSmith, W. A. McClenahan, Julius Lewis, C. F. Ford, C. G.\\nLatta, William R. Dicks, A. C. Lehman, George H. Snow,\\nThomas H. Briggs, G. M. Spence, W. G. Allen, J. K. Mar-\\nshall, A. J. Bufftiloe, M. D., Hugh Lee Miller, G. E. Iden,\\nW. F. Bishop, R. A. Cole, J. T. Nottingham, Charles Ben.\\nPark, Charles M. Pritchett, A. IL Green, T. P. Devereux,\\nHaywood Guion Dewey, James H. Baker, Alston Perkins,\\nJames S. Moore, E. McK. Goodwin, John D. Briggs, E. R.\\nPace, John S. Keith, R. A. Coley, Wallace Riddick, Powhatan\\nMatthews, W. F. Harris, Frank Bell, R. L. Hayes, W. L.\\nDavis, C. C. Williams, Melvin Andrews, John S. Riddle,\\nW. W. Whitson, Edward H. Baker, J. N. Holding, Alex. M.\\nMcPheeters, Jr., Edgar Haywood, R. H. Bradley, C. Frank\\nMassey, George Henry Hill, A. E. Glenn, P. T. Myatt, W.S.\\nPowell, W. B. Mann, G. F. Kennedy, Cas. A. Riddle, B. S.\\nSkinner, L. Wilder, D. Berwanger, Thomas N. Richardson,\\nJ. J. Summerlin, J. M. Proctor, W. G. Randall, R. E. L.\\nYates, C. F. Lumsden, Frank Brannan, H. D. Tucker, Y. E.\\nTurner, J. M. Stephenson, H. A. Bland, T. L. Love, H. B.\\nBattle, N. M. Rand, Peter E. Hines, S. A. Ashe, W. R. Tucker,\\nJ. B. Pearce, J. C. Pool, Henry McKee Tucker, William\\nHenry Bagley, John M. Heck, Jr., Eugene G. Harrell, S. F.\\nTelfair, Hubert Haywood, Albert Kramer.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124\\nTHE PROCESSION\\nOccupied one hour in passing a given point, the route being\\nup Fa^^etteville street, around the east, north and west sides\\nof Capitol Square into Hillsboro street, and thence into the\\nState Fair Grounds, where an immense concourse awaited its\\narrival.\\nThe parade moved promptly at 11 a. m., headed by Chief\\nMarshal John M. Heck and his staff of fifty Marshals, with\\na platoon of the city police in front commanded by Major\\nCharles Heartt, Chief of Police, mounted; Adjutant James\\nMcKee and Chief of Transi^ortation G. E. Leach followed,\\nand then Field Marshal A. W. Haywood and assistants in\\ncharge of the First Division, composed of the State officers and\\nthe Justices of the Supreme Court, escorted by the Governor s\\nGuard, sixty strong, Capt. Jno. W. Cross, with a fine military\\nband.\\nThe Second Division, under Field Marshals Chas. E. John-\\nson and Alf. A. Tliompson, with assistants, was composed of\\nhis Honor the Mayor and the City Council and other offi-\\ncers, venerable citizens escorted as honorary Marshals, and\\nguests of the city from various sections of this and other\\nStates, officers of the State Agricultural Society, the Bar of\\nRaleigh, and the Academ} of Medicine, occupying sixty\\ncarriages.\\nThe Third Division was under command of Field Marshals\\nRufus S. Tucker and Henry Horton, with an array of assist-\\nants. It was headed by a superb float, representing Sir Wal-\\nter Raleigh before Queen Elizabeth. Every detail was per-\\nfect. Two paintings in oil, each fifteen by eight feet, exe-\\ncuted by the distinguished artist W. G. Randall, occupied\\nthe sides of the lofty car, and on the rear was a portrait of\\nSir Walter Raleigh in heroic size. Under the canopy (^ueen\\nElizabeth sat in regal grace and dignity (represented by Miss\\nLovie Park), while her ladies in waiting were exquisitely\\npresented in the beauty of Miss Martha Davis and Miss Rosa\\nBroughton, and Mr. C. B. Eldwards, Jr., and Mr. Joseph Wat-\\nson were respectively Sir Walter Raleigh and Lord Leicester.\\nMessrs. Randall and Fred. Watson were congratulated upon\\ntheir success in the production of this finished and artistic\\ncar. It was drawn, as the others, by a team of the finest\\nhorses in our region.\\nNext came a float as a representation of the scene at the\\nreception of Lafayette in 1825 by Governor Burton of this\\nState. This was the largest and most lavishly decorated of", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "125\\nall the cars, and the scene includerl a faithful personation of\\nLafayette and Miss Elizabeth Hiywood before Canova s\\nstatue of Washington. It was the contribution of Messrs.\\nW. H. R. S. Tucker Company.\\nNo spectacle possessed more historic interest than the\\nappearance in the ])arade of a fac simile in every respect of\\nthe old Tornado, the first locomotive that ever reached\\nRaleigh, with its tender and freight car. The Neivs and\\nObserver of the following day has this paragraph:\\nThe Tornado came to Raleigh over the Raleigh and Gaston Riilroad\\nin 1840. It was built in Richmond ill 1839 by D. J. Burr Comptny.\\nMr. Albert Johnson was then Master Mechanic of the Raleigh and Gas-\\nton, and yesterday he held the throttle of the Tornado in the procession.\\nThe original has long been destroyed, but Mr. Johnson remembers it dis-\\ntinctly, and he made the patterns for its reproduction in wood at the\\nRaleigh and Gaston shops here. It had only two drive-wheels, no cow-\\ncatcher and no head-light. The engineer s cab was without protection,\\nand the smoke-stack was high and old-fashioned. The engine and tender\\nwere painted green, with black borders. The box-car was about one-\\nthird as large as those of the present. The whole train was about fifty\\nfeet in length, and was one of the most interesting sights of the day.\\nIt may be added that on the engine with Mr. Johnson,\\nthe oldest living locomotive engineer, was Reuben Cole, the\\ncolored fireman, who both came here with the Tornado fifty-\\ntwo years ago, and are still, in the same company s service.\\nThis spfeaks volumes for the company, for our city, and the\\nkindly relations existing between the races.\\nThe division was closed by the Odd Fellows float, display-\\ning the scarlet, white and blue, surmounted by a lofty tent\\ntypifying the Encampment, or Patriarchal branch, by its\\nroyal purple. Within the three links upon the base were\\nthe names of the three lodges of the city, Manteo, No. 8; Sea-\\nton Giles, No. 64, and Capital, No. 147. The fly of the tent\\nbore the names of the Encampments, McKee, No. 5, and Litch-\\nford, No. 26. Eight knights in costume represented the\\nLodges and Encampments and displayed the city colors. Ban-\\nners of white, pink, blue, scarlet and purple adorned its\\nangles, and in front hung the life-size, oil portrait of Chas.\\nM. Busbee, of this city. Past Grand 8ire Independent Order\\nof Odd Fellows of the world. This was executed by his son,\\nJames L. Busbee. In the rear were these words: Paid for\\nrelief in 1891, $3,064,620 80. Our membership, 721,146.\\nThe f )llowing committee prepared this float: Seaton Gales,\\nNo. 64, A. M. Powell, P. H. Andrews, B. H. Woodell for\\nManteo, No. 8, G. H. Glas?, W. W. Briggs, A. J. Buffaloe, M. D.\\nThe following Knights took f)art in the personations Messrs.\\nWilson, Norwood, McRary, Theim (Jr.), Wilder, Phillips,\\nAlford and Ball.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126\\nThe fourth Division was commanded by Field Marshals\\nE. B. Engelhard and Jos. E. Pogue. Probably nothing so\\nillustrative of the progress of the firemen s protective art has\\never been seen in the South. Chief Engineer Engelhard and\\nAssistant Chief Ferrall were its designers, and the local Board\\nof Underwriters of the city contributed liberally to its pro-\\nduction. This grand display was in two departments the\\nfirst representing the old means of protection from fire, and\\nthe second the modern system. The place of honor in the\\nfirst was held by a float, upon which was exhibited the verita-\\nble fire-engine imported from Europe in 1784 for the use of\\nthe Moravian town of Salem, North Carolina, and undoubt-\\nedly the oldest existing fire-engine on this continent. The\\nvenerable T. L. Love, now one of our largest dealers in\\ntobacco, had charge of the department, being ex-foreman\\nof Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, with R. H. Bradley,\\nex-foreman Rescue Company, and following the Salem\\nengine, in chronological order, came the Fayetteville engine\\nof 1820, the Victor engine of 1840, the Bucket and Ladder\\nCompany, Single Tank Chemical, old Rescue Hand Reel,\\nold Victor Hand Reel, old Capital Hand Reel, old Indepen-\\ndent Hand Reel, Victor Racing Reel and old Rescue Horse\\nReel.\\nThe Second or Modern Department, under immediate\\ncharge of Chief Engelhard and Assistant Ferrall, comprised\\nthe W. R. Womble Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, the\\nRescue Steam Eire Engine, Rescue Hose Wagon, two-horse;\\nCapital Hose Wagon, No. 3, two-horse Victor Hose Reel,\\nNo. 2, two-horse; Double Tank Chemical Engine, two-horse.\\nNext in line was the float of the Raleigh Typographical\\nUnion, fitted with cases and other appliances, and exhibiting\\nmen at work. A part of one of the oldest presses in the\\nUnion was shown on the float, and a job press used before\\nthe war, from which hand-bills were printed and thrown to\\nthe eager crowds. The printer s devil was rampant in glory,\\nplaying about the eldest of the craft, while the Union, No.\\n54, followed to the number of fifty or more.\\nThe Fifth Division exhibited the historic renown of the\\nbrave men of our past, and was most significant and impress-\\nive. Field Marshals AVm. S. Primrose and Wm. C. Stron-\\nach in charge, with a brilliant staff of assistants. The first\\nfloat was in commemoration of the services of citizens of Ral-\\neigh in the war of 1812, presenting types of the army and\\nnavy in the uniform of that day, and exhibiting many mar-\\ntial emblems. Extracts from the noted message of the War", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "127\\nGovernor to the Legislature of the day, (by Governor William\\nHawkins,) adorned the car in large letters, and within sat the\\nfollowing prominent citizens, his direct descendants W. J.\\nHawkins, A. B. Hawkins, P. H. Andrews, Colin Hawkins\\nand Armistead Jones. This float was unique in style and in\\nthe finest taste.\\nThe war with Mexico in lS4()- 47 was next represented.\\nIts decorative designs were adorned by the names of distin-\\nguished Carolinians who gave up their lives in this contest,\\nand four veterans of that conflict yet surviving attended it\\nand linked those days with the present Messrs. M. B. Barbee,\\n\\\\V. H. High, W. A. Lamb and H. W. Earp.\\nNext in order was a float emblematic of the great war\\nbetween the States of thirty years ago, and eight brave veter-\\nans of Raleigh s troops in the Confederate cause, attired in\\nthe identical gray uniform of the bloody struggle of 1861,\\nwere saluted with reverence as they passed by.\\nThe last of this division was the appropriate float of South-\\nern peace and progress. Its snowy canopy hung above the\\nGoddess of Peace upon her throne, in spotless white, with a\\ngolden crown. Miss Susie Tucker filled this position, and\\nMisses Redford, Wilson, Powell and Renn were the repre-\\nsentatives of our great industries. This float was contributed\\nby Woollcott Sons, and bore the motto, Peace hath her\\nA^ictories, no less renowned than War.\\nThe Sixth Division was composed wholly of the students\\nof the Raleigh Male Academy, under charge of Field Mar-\\nshals Hugh Morson and C. B. Denson, Principals of the\\ninstitution, and the following Assistant Marshals from the\\nstudents, whom we name as the youngest in the procession\\nMessrs. Wm. H. Bagley, Jno. M. Heck, Jr., Thos. H. Briggs\\nand Benjamin Hardy. The students marched one hundred\\nand twenty-five strong, each wearing the city colors and a\\nwhite silk badge with the arms of the city (the oak) and the\\ninscription, R. M. A., 1792-1892. Remembering the high\\nhonors its graduates have won in the colleges and universi-\\nties of the country, they were enthusiastically applauded\\nalong the route, and in response gave the school slogan with\\na will.\\nThe Seventh Division (Field Marshals, John Y. MacRae\\nand F. J. Haywood) was headed by the float of the Murphey\\nGraded Public School, which represented on a very elaborate\\nscale a reception in the colonial days by Miss Esther Wake,\\nsister of the wife of Governor Tryon. The costumes were\\nmodeled from those of the days of British rule, and many", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128\\nwere veritable antiques from the last century. The many\\nbright and beautiful faces in the throng will never be for-\\ngotten by the beholder. The credit of it^ preparation belongs\\nto Miss Eliza Pool and Professor E. P. Moses.\\nThen came the float of the city druggists, showing the\\ninterior of a drugstore with its various contents and fittings.\\nThe names of the members then in the profession here were\\ngiven, including Messrs. John Y. MacKae, J. I. Johnson,\\nRobert Simpson, James McKimmon, \\\\V. H. King Co., and\\nJ. Hal. Bobbitt. The prescription counter was utilized by\\npharmacists compounding and filling prescriptions.\\nThe North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic\\nArts furnished a float with exhibits from the departments of\\nagriculture, horticulture, chemistry and mechanics, by Pro-\\nfessors Massey, Irby, Withers and Riddick. Farm and gar-\\nden products, greenhouse plants, farm and dairy implements\\nand apparatus, such as the Babcock Separator, improved\\nplows, etc., were shown. A varied exhibit also of chemical\\nfurniture and philosophical appliances, such as retorts, fur-\\nnaces, eudiometer, air-pump, microscope, electrical apparatus,\\nsurveyor s instruments, turning-lathe (with machinery pro-\\npelled by power from the wheels of the car), blacksmith s,\\ntools, and specimens in wood, iron and brass, made by the\\nstudents.\\nNext came the float emblematic of the oldest paper in\\nthe city and the leading daily in the State, the News and\\nObserver, edUed by Capt. Samuel A. Ashe. The throne under\\nthe gorgeous canopy of city colors was graced by a group of\\nlovely young ladies, surrounded by leading member. of the\\nstaff of the Netvs and Observer. Misses Stone, Carter, Murphy,\\nPowell and Roberson were the centre of all eyes upon this\\nadmirable car.\\nThe Eighth Division, under Field Marshal Thomas Pescud,\\nwith the assistants that attended every section of the pro-\\ncession, was headed by a mercantile float of J. R. Ferrall\\nCo., crowded with an array of fancy groceries tastefully\\narranged, and rendered very striking by the humorous\\nfigures in masks that brought forth roars of laughter. Rs\\nimmense weight required four of the strongest horses.\\nThen tlie Raleigh Bicycle Club varied the appearance of\\nthe line by following in single file in rapid serpentine evolu-\\ntions from side to side thirty in number, with wheels like\\nminiature suns shining in red and yellow, and taking these\\nmovements to hold their place in the slow-moving jiarade.\\nMessrs. Will. A. Wynne and Cecil G. Stone led the wheelmen.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "129\\nNext came the float of The State Chronicle, with its print-\\ning array, and the very creditable float displayed by D. T.\\nJohnson, with a full line of staple and fancy groceries.\\nThe Ninth Division was under the charge of Field Mar-\\nshal William E. Ashley, and contained the floats of Messrs.\\nT. H. Briggs Son, with a full display of hardware of every\\ndescription and household furnishings; of E. F. W^-att\\nSon, filled with specimens of harness and saddlery. Theu\\ncame the immense exhibit of the Raleigh Cotton Mills, with\\nspindles and looms, and a pyramid of their famous produc-\\ntions. The float of Messrs. Julius Lewis Co., with thou-\\nsands of items of hardware; and the float of the steam\\nlaundry of L. R. Wyatt lent much interest to this important\\ndivision illustrative of our industrial progress.\\nThe Tenth Division, under Field Marshal N. B. Broughton,\\nwas led by the exhibit from Allen Cram s foundry and\\nmachine-shops. One item of much attraction was an engine\\nfired up, with whistle blowing and machinery at work.\\nMessrs. Ellington, Royster Co., builders, presented a\\ncarrj all of rough logs drawn by mules, and in a second sec-\\ntion a car showing finished woods of great beauty. W. C.\\nMcMackin, the supervisor of the new county roads building\\nnear the city, supplied a float happily designed to illustrate\\nthe need of good country roads, one of the greatest obstacles\\nto the farmer s success in this da3^\\nThe Eleventh Division, under Field Marshal Frank Stron-\\nach, was illustrative of the advancement of the Negro, upon\\nthe especial request of leading colored men of Raleigh, who\\nasked the Board of Managers to permit their race to cele-\\nbrate its own share in the prosperity of the city.\\nShaw University (for the colored race) has 450 students,\\nsome of whom come to it directly from the Congo Free State\\nin Africa, and have specimens of the dress, weapons, furni-\\nture, tools, etc., of their native land. Four floats exhibited,\\nas follows: In the first scene, an African King and Queen,\\nmedicine man, villagers, etc. in the second, there was the\\nnext stage of progress, showing the Negro farmer, black-\\nsmith, carpenter, shoemaker, bricklayer, painter, stone-cutter,\\ncook and waiter, each representative being taken from one of\\nthese classes. In the third, education had produced the\\nNegro minister, teacher, doctor and merchant. A famil}\\ngroup was also shown, and the whole enlivened by jubilee\\nsingers. Another float held a fine display of industrial work\\nfrom that University.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130\\nThe Twelfth Division, with Field Marshal William Boylan,\\nconsisted of an exhibit of farm products and live stock from\\nthe farms of Maj. R. S. Tucker, near the city. The culti-\\nvated hay, shucks and straw neatly baled, and the Oxford\\nDown sheep and Jersey cattle (of pedigree) were of especial\\ninterest to the thousands of farmers attending.\\nThe Thirteenth Division, Field Marshal T. B. Moseley,\\nconsisted of Pawnee Bill s company of native Indians and\\ncowboys, mounted, and accompanied by the third brass\\nband in the procession.\\nThe parade moved in stately order up Fayetteville street,\\namid the waving decorations on every building and across\\nthe broad avenue, and greeted by the fluttering of the hand-\\nkerchiefs of fair spectators, it was welcomed at the Capitol\\nSquare, as it moved in order around it, b}^ the patriotic song\\nof The Old North State Forever from the lips of a thou-\\nsand children of the city public schools, massed in the\\nSquare.\\nThe ladies of the Confederate Memorial and Monumental\\nAssociation had been invited to assemble at the State Agri-\\ncultural Building to receive a marching salute in passing,\\nwhich was gallantly performed, and the same repeated in\\nhonor of the young ladies of Peace Institute and St. Mary s\\nat their designated points of rendezvous.\\nAt the line of the city limits the police and fire depart-\\nments saluted and fell out of ranks, and the remainder of\\nthe immense procession, escorted by thousands of delighted\\npeople on either side and behind, proceeded to the Fair\\nGrounds, where a great assemblage b} trains from all sections\\nof the State, had gathered to enjoy its coming.\\nAfter the march around the track, and the magnificent\\narray of mounted Marshals had gathered about the Chief at\\nthe Judges Stand, the great parade was dismissed.\\nThe News and Observer of the next day declared of the\\ncelebration\\nYesterday was indeed a gala day for Raleigh. It was a gratifying\\nevidence of wliat Raleigh can do when she tries. No demonstration ever\\nbefore made in North Carolina has approached it. Whether we consider\\nthe immense crowd of spectators who witnessed the procession, or the\\nnumber and magnificence of the floats, or the brilliant array of Marshals,\\nthe sight far surpassed tlie expectations and hopes of those engaged in\\nthe undertaking. Fayetteville street gaily decorated throughout its\\nlength, from turret to foundation stone, in the red and oriole yellow that\\nblend so harmoniously, presented a scene remarkable for its rich pro-\\nfusion of coloring and variety of ornamentation. And when the mag-\\nnificent corps of Marshals, numbering over two hundred, adorned with\\ntheir regalias, marched down the street in open column of fours, the\\nsight was one of great brilliancy.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "131\\nBut the climax was reached when the procession heing ready, each\\ndivision of Marshals, followed by the floats for which they were escorts,\\nmarched again in line to the Capitol, and around Capitol Square, up\\nHillsboro street, the sidewalks being entirely packed by spectators and\\nall of the windows and balconies being enlivened by the ladies in their\\nholiday attire.\\nIt was a scene to make one s heart beat fast with high elevation. Ral-\\neigh was celebrating her jubilee in royal style, and patriotic ardor\\nresponded to the sentiment of the occasion and all were joyful and jubi-\\nlant.\\nWell ^one for our good old city All praise to our patriotic and esti-\\nmable citizens They illustrated their pride in their homes by provid-\\ning a right regal birth-day for our fair City of Oaks, and in doing it they\\ndid all things well and left nothing undone.\\nThe following is from the Slate Chronicle of the same date:\\nTHE CENTENNIAL.\\nThe mile mark in the first century of Raleigh s history was passed yes-\\nterday. It was a happy day for our city. There was no sighing over\\nthe past, the present was joyous with glad faces and the future looked\\nto with fond hopes.\\nThe sun rose in a cloudless sky. As he streaked the morning with\\ngray beams his coming was saluted with the peals of church bells, as\\nthey rang out upon the clear air the notes of a Christian civilization.\\nThe members of all professions in our midst were active in the prepa-\\nration to render the celebration worthy of the Capital city of one of the\\noriginal thirteen States.\\nIt was worthy of Raleigh, her noble sons and beautiful daughters, and\\nof North Carolina.\\nWith pure English blood on both sides in our veins, and with an\\nancestry which, for a hundred years have known no home but North\\nCarolina, we did feel a pride in the scope and character of the celebration\\nof the hundredth birth-day of this Anglo-Saxon city. And so long as\\nAnglo Saxon pride and spirit remain with our people, there will be no\\nbackward step in the grand march of progress.\\nToo much praise cannot be said in behalf of Chief Marshal J. M. Heck.\\nThe effects of his zeal, his energy, his good judgment, his fine executive\\nability were seen everywhere, and he has, as he merits, the thanks and\\ngratitude of all for the admirable programme of the occasion, the sys-\\ntein with which it was executed and the perfect success that obtained\\nall around.\\nEverything was arranged just as it should have been, and carried out\\nas it should have been.\\nThe Chronicle congratulates all, and Chief Marshal Heck and his\\nworthy associates especially.\\nMay there be many happy returns of the day.\\nTHE ADDRESS.\\nAt 7 P. M. the Board of Managers and the Marshals assem-\\nbled at the Mayor s office, and with the band, escorted the\\norator, Dr. Kemp P. Battle, and reader of the poem, Capt. C.\\nB. Denson, to the Stronach auditorium, where a great audi-\\nence had assembled. A stage holding several hundred had\\nbeen erected, and the hall splendidly decorated with the", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132\\ncolors of the city. Seats were reserved for venerable citizens,\\nguests and the schools of the city. In front of the double\\nsemi-circle of Marshals in regaHa were Mayor Badger, speak-\\ners of the evening and Chaplains (Drs. Skinner and Hall),\\nthe Supreme Court and other distinguished persons. The\\nMayor presided, and announced the opening prayer by liev.\\nDr. Thos. Skinner, who referred to the history of the city, to\\nits thirty churches for fifteen thousand people, its many social\\nprivileges, and invoked the blessings of God upon our people.\\nJoseph E. P(^gue, Esq., Chairman of the Committee on\\nProgramme, introduced in graceful and complimentary lan-\\nguage Capt. C. B. Denson, of the Raleigh Male Academy,\\nwho read the Centennial Prize Poem, written by Miss Min-\\nnie May Curtis, of Raleigh. The award was made by a com-\\nmittee ignorant of the authorship of any of the large number\\nsubmitted. The poem was received with much enthusiastic\\napplause.\\nThe Old North State was sung by Miss Alice Dugger,\\naccompanied on the piano by Miss Alice .Jones, and the vast\\naudience joined in the patriotic chorus.\\nMayor Badger, as chairman, then announced that Mr.\\nW. S. Primrose would now introduce the historian of the\\nRaleigh Centennial.\\nMr. Primrose, in presenting the distinguished speaker,\\nsaid:\\nMr. Chairman, Citizens of Raleigh, and Honored Guests: I am\\nproud of the city of my birth. Raleigh bus done well today in cele-\\nbrating her one-hundredth anniversary. We have been aiaking history\\nfor an liundred years; but while deeds of purest patriotism have been\\nperformed, while deeds of valor have been done, the people have\\napplauded arid the historian has slept.\\nNow, to write the history of an hundred years ago, much of extra-\\nnenis matter has to be swept away; much of the cherished fancy of the\\noldest ciiizen; much of pure fiction will have to be sifted. Like Mr.\\nBoffin s dust piles in Our Mutual Friend, much earth must be carted\\naway before the pure metal can be found.\\nI am glad to know, however, that during the past ten years a spirit of\\nactive research and investigation of historical matter has arisen among\\nour people. A number of our best citizens, from patriotic motives, have\\ngiven their time and abilities to this important labor of love. Foremost\\namong them all is the distinguished gentleman who will address you\\nthis evening.\\nI now have the pleasure and honor of introducing to you the Honora-\\nble Kemp P. Battle, of North Carolina. [Applause.]\\nHon. Kemp P. Battle then pleasantly acknowledged the\\nkindness of his reception and the success of the celebration,\\nand proceeded to deliver the historic oration which will be\\nfound in these pages.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "133\\nOf his admirable production the papers of the day said\\nDr. Battle spoke for nearly two hours and kept his audience intensely\\ninterested throughout. His remarks were interspersed with much\\npleasantry in regard to the olden time, and many references to persons\\nwell known to the audience by tradition or otherwise brought frequent\\nbursts of applause. His address was very much enjoyed.\\nRev. Dr. J. J. Hall pronounced the benediction.\\nFIREWORKS AND BALL.\\nOn Wednesday night it is estimated that ten thousand\\npersons gathered about Moore Square to witness the display\\nof fireworks, which concluded with a representation on a\\nlarge scale of the State Capitol.\\nThe festivities of the week closed on Thursday night with\\nthe Centennial Ball, under the direction of Messrs. Charles\\nE. Johnson, G. W. Blacknali, James Boylan, E. McK. Good-\\nwin and W. C. Stronach, committee.\\nThe following notice is from the city press:\\nTHE CENTENNIAL BALL THE MOST MAGNIFICENT SOCIAL EVENT OF THE\\nSEASON IN RALEIGH.\\nThe centennial ball last night was, like the other features of the week.\\na great success. Stronach s auditorium was elegantly arranged and\\ndecorated for the occasion, and outside of the ball netting were hun-\\ndreds of delighted spectators. The Newton Band furnished the prome-\\nnade music before the ball took place. Dancing began promptly at 9:30\\no clock, the participants, ladies and gentlemen, being dressed in the\\nquaint costumes of ye olden time.\\nThe following participated in the dance: Misses Heck, Tucker, Snow,\\nMarshall, Hicks, Francis, Carter. Busbee. Whitaker, Hawkins, Burwell,\\nSadie Tucker, Roberts, Smith. Kate W. Denson. Mary Denson, Minnie\\nTucker, Rena Burwell, Anne Busbee, Carroll, Pescud, McMackin. Higgs,\\nHinsdale. McVea, Katie Haywood, Henrietta McVea, Jackson, Dortch,\\nStith, Fuller, Janet Fuller. Besson. Andrews, Bell, Brown, Hale,\\nBadger, Janet Badger, KateBidger, Harris, and Haywood; and Messrs.\\nAlexander of Chapel Hill, Branch of Wilson, Privett of Goldsboro,\\nLeach of Lexington, Phillips of Tarboro, Davis of Ridgeway. Jones\\nof Newbern, Tomlinson of Durham, Perkins of Washington, Thomas\\nBadger, Jr., F. P. Haywood, Jr., S. J. Hinsdale, Jr.. S. A. Ashe,\\nJr.. Alex. Stronach, Jr., George H. Snow, Jr., Alfred Williams. Jr.,\\nJ. C. Prior. Robards, Howard Thomas, Whitaker. Hardin, Busbee, Hun-\\nter, Pritchett, Holderness, Marshall, Faison, .John Stronach, Meng,\\nReynolds, Snow, T. C. Denson, Mebane, White, Turner, Burgin, Little,\\nSmith, Battle, Micks. Ingle, Clem. Wright, Wise, Whitaker, Dr. Ayer,\\nAnderson. McGee, Martin, Linehan, A. B. Andrews. Jr., Kennedy,\\nJohnson. Sherwood, Faison, Lieutenant Shipp, H. L. Miller, C. J. Mer-\\nrimon, Higgs. Brown, Joe Marshall, Kenan, Dobbin, Patterson, Graham,\\nEugene G. Denson, Pemherton, Grimes, Whitaker, Crews, Cotten,\\nWright, Pippen, Cannon, Ferrall, Cameron.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134\\nPRESENTATION TO THE CHIEF MARSHAL.\\nAn interesting sequel of the Centennial Celebration took\\nplace on the evening of the 22d of February, 1893.\\nThe Marshals of the memorable procession determined to\\npresent to Col. John M. Heck a testimonial of their appre-\\nciation of his admirable management of the occasion, and at\\na meeting held for the purpose, placed their contributions in\\nthe hands of the following committee: Messrs. C. B. Denson,\\nW. S. Primrose, G. Edgar Leach, Thos. R. Kenan, Joseph G.\\nBrown, James McKee, M. D., and Jos. E. Pogue. At their\\norder an exquisite wassail-bowl or loving-cup of sterling\\nsilver was made, large in size and with the double handles\\npeculiar to the ancient use of the bowl among the Scandina-\\nvian peoples. The cup bore the inscription, Col. J. M.\\nHeck, Chief Marshal. From the Marshals of the Raleigh\\nCentennial, October, 1892.\\nThe 22d of February, the birth-day of the great Virginian,\\nwas selected as the appropriate day for tlie presentation, in\\ncompliment to Colonel Heck s nativity, and the Committee,\\ntogether with his Honor Mayor Thomas Badger, Chairman\\nof the Centennial Board, and N. B. Broughton, Secretary of\\nthe Marshals, proceeded to the residence of Colonel Heck at\\n7: 30 p. M. Greetings having been interchanged, the Chair-\\nman, Captain Denson, made the following address:\\nColonel Heck It is my high privilege, at the request\\nof the Committee of Marshals of the Centennial Celebration\\nof the city of Raleigh, to express to you their feelings of pro-\\nfound regard, and of grateful appreciation of your services\\nas Chief Marshal on that memorable occasion.\\nYou, sir, accepted that charge only upon their urgent\\nrequest, and its laborious duties, requiring many days of\\nunwearied attention to innumerable details, were undertaken\\nand faultlessly executed by you in a spirit of unselfish and\\nlofty patriotism.\\nYour CO- workers and friends felt that but for such patient\\nand far-reaching skill, and such admirable energy in action,\\nthat brilliant chapter in our municipal history never would\\nhave been written in the hearts of men in all its magnifi-\\ncence. Therefore, sir, the Marshals in whose name this com-\\nmittee speaks, beg to tender you a token of their grateful\\nrecollection of this conspicuous public service.\\nYou, sir, discovered the talisman whose touch brought\\ninto one sj irit and one heart the entire population of our", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "135\\nbeautiful Capital upon their great festival, at the close of tlie\\nfirst hundred years of life. Rich and poor, old and young,\\nwhite and black, friend and stranger, all for the time being,\\nfelt the magnetic touch which welded all hearts for the most\\nspontaneous and perfectly harmonious celebration that has\\never adorned our history.\\nThat talisman was your sympathy with and consideration\\nfor every class and condition of your fellow-men. From the\\nadmirable suggestion to commemorate a century of honor-\\nable progress by colors to be worn upon every man s bosom,\\nhowever humble, to the distinguished courtesy bestowed\\nupon the venerable fathers of our city, in whatever rank of\\nlife, and regardless of the accidents of fortune, the key-note\\ncame from you, and it was the same loving and generous\\nremembrance of every one who could claim a home and an\\ninterest in the City of Oaks.\\nWe beg ^ou, therefore, in memory thereof, to accept this\\nloving-cup, or wassail-bowl, fashioned in the ancient form\\nof the vessel that in the halls of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers,\\ncircled from the master of the feast to his humblest vassal,\\nthat every lip might pledge devotion to a common cause, and\\none bond of sympathetic regard unite every man for weal or\\nwoe.\\nReceive it, sir, at the hands of the representatives of your\\ngreat array of Marshals, given as a slight token of their pro-\\nfound esteem, and their conviction of the great public service\\nyou render to this and to coming generations by the weld-\\ning of the people of Raleigh into one harmonious whole.\\nMay the memory of that glorious demonstration abide with\\nthem always in the fullness of its lesson of brotherhood.\\nAnd as the years glide by, and the brilliant Centennial\\nrecedes like a distant star upon the horizon in the mists of\\nthe evening of life, when your eye shall fall upon this loving-\\ncup let it remind you that to the brim it bore the invisible\\nfreightage of the admiration and respect of your fellow citi-\\nzens, proud to recognize in j^ou one of those great souls of\\nwhom poesy declares that they\\nShed noble deeds as easily as an oak\\nLoosenth its golden leaves in a kindly largess\\nTo the soil it grew upon.\\nCaptain Denson presented the bowl, and Colonel Heck\\nreplied as follows:", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136\\nMr. Mayor and Gentlemen, Fellow-Citizens and\\nFellow-Marshals: Allow me to accept this magnificent\\npresent and these flattering words as the measure of your\\ngenerosity, ralher than an acknowledgment of service by the\\nrecipient, either to yourselves or to the city we delight to\\nhonor and obey.\\nI am not sufficiently schooled in the language we speak\\nto find words that will convey to you the profound gratitude\\nthat wells from the deepest recesses of my heart. I know\\nthat men honor their fellow-citizens, but not often after this\\nmagnificent fashion. This honor unexpected, but not unap-\\npreciated, is multiplied a hundred fold when it comes from\\nneighbors and fellow-workers in the enterprise to celebrate\\nthe history of the (^ueen of our hearts, the Capital of this\\ngreat State.\\nNever was favor bestowed by Elizabeth upon her most\\nfaithful subject. Sir Walter Raleigh, received with deeper\\ngratitude than this token of regard through the honorable\\ncommittee that represents the brave and gallant band of\\nMarshals that directed the Centennial of the City of Oaks.\\nIt was our city s whole people that by an unselfish and\\nunanimous effort made that day memorable in North Caro-\\nlina for all time. Let us pledge ourselves in this loving-\\ncup which that patriotic band of Marshals through you\\nhave so eloquently presented to me. Pledge ourselves and\\nour city that we will labor together continually for the\\nadvancement of Raleigh, and that the Centennial organiza-\\ntion will maintain itself intact until it shall have wrought\\na lasting memorial, in erecting a fitting monument to the\\nideal gentleman whose name this city bears.\\nNow thanking you, one and all, for this costly and precious\\ngift, the outpouring of your generous good-will, let me say\\nthat the desire of my heart is, that when a quarter of a mil-\\nlion citizens of this goodly Capital shall gather together at\\nthe base of the tall shaft erected to Sir Walter Raleigh at the\\ncelebration of a second Centennial, that the sons and grand-\\nsons of that goodly company may be foremost in the ranks\\nof the distinguished citizens of that day, and that this last-\\ning work of art in its solid silver may be the token to them\\nof the courtesy and generosity of their forefathers.\\nAfter the feeling and eloquent response of the host the\\nparty sat down to a magnificent dinner, the table being\\nexquisitely decorated in Raleigh colors, which w^ere likewise\\npresented to each guest in the rarest flowers, and the even-\\ning that passed in delightful social converse will never be for-\\ngotten by the participants.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "137\\n[From the News and Observer, October 20, 1892.]\\nWe rise to suggest that when the publication of Dr. Battle s address\\nis made, that the volume should embrace not merely the prize poem\\nand Centennial address and Mr. Busbee s and Dr. Winston s addresses,\\nbut also a poem offered the Committee on Poems entitled Raleigh s\\nDream, which is a production of rare power and high order, and should\\nbe incorporated in the volume, together with a full account of the Cen-\\ntennial Celebration.\\nThe following poem from the pen of Col. Alex. Q. Holla-\\nday, the distinguished President of the North Carolina Col-\\nlege of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, is such a tribute to\\nthe memory of the hero whose name was bestowed upon\\nour Capital, that the committee of award, by special resolu-\\ntion, requested a copy of the same for the commemorative\\nvolume, and for preservation in the literature of North Caro-\\nlina. C. B Denson,\\nR. H. Battle,\\nS. A. Ashe,\\nW. S. Primrose,\\nJ. J. Hall, D. D.,\\nCommittee on Award of Prize Poem.\\nTHE LAST THOUGHTS OF SIR WALTER RALEIGH.\\nThrough the barred casement f his prison wall.\\nIn that great tower the conqueror built,\\nSir Walter Raleigh looked, and snailed at the block.\\nAnd headsman grim, leaning on his dumb axes.\\nAnd while he gazed his thoughts found utterance:\\nI have drunk life to the lees; all earth can give\\nHas been mine, enjoyed, suffered, to this last.\\nMuch have I seen and studied; barbaric. men,\\nStrange deserts, perilous and wind-scourged seas,\\nCities rare and gorgeous chiefs and princes\\nHave hailed me brother and honored peer.\\nAnd here I stand a gray-worn broken man,\\nThe murdered victim of an ingrate king.\\nWho shrinks behind his craven throne and dreams\\nThat with another sun he shall be rid\\nForevermore of fallen Raleigh s scorn.\\nBut James shall make his pigmy boast in vain.\\nMy breath is his to take away, but not my life.\\nHe cannot blot nor blur my glorious past.\\nNor with his small vindictive envy kill\\nMy nobler part that did the deeds called great,\\nAnd made me of God s chosen spirits here.\\n9", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "138\\nHe cannot shake my soul he cannot steal\\nThe bright jewel of peerless Sidney s heart,\\nThe sweet companionship of Spenser s muse,\\nTiie high commune with gentle Shakespeare s soul.\\nThe trust and love of that great Virgin Queen.\\nWho now well may weep o er England s shame.\\nTo see this pitiful and puny worm\\nCreeping and crawling on her mighty throne.\\nHis petty hate cannot kill nor long delay\\nThe work that grew out of mine own heart.\\nTo bring forth good for men when I am gone.\\nEven now my dying eyes look out beyond\\nThe western seas, where far in coming time\\nShall grow a commonwealth planted by my hand.\\nA fearless folk that brooks no tyrant king,\\nBut in its own majesty, and sell-made laws,\\nShall build for men a belter land than this\\nA Slate whose sons marching ever in the race\\nOf freedom s fight in each succeeding age,\\nShall lead the way for liberty to man\\nA State whose dames supremely pure and fair,\\nFit mates and mothers of a mighty race.\\nShall bring to the shrine of triumphant love\\nThe flawless pearl of perfect womanhoo 1.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0X- -x-\\nMy heart is light: I do not die to-day\\nI put off my flesh, a garment all worn out.\\nAnd lay it down with things unneeded more;\\nMy spirit shall pass beyond the sunset,\\nTo dwell with them that owe their State to me.\\nIn a fair city that shall bear my name,\\nOn far Carolina s oak-crowned hills.\\nWhose steadfast love of right and all things good,\\nWhose noble citizenship, shall rightly show\\nThe inspiring power of Raleigh s soul\\nWhen Raleigh s bones are mouldered into dust;\\nWhose brave and gentle hearts and kindly hands,\\nWhose gracious manners, and high-pitched thought,\\nWhose pure homes, and altars duly served.\\nHonoring God, as I have served and honored Him,\\nShall be the monument of my deathless fame.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "DIGEST OF LAWS RELATING TO RALEIGH.\\nLAWS OF 1770, CHAPTER XXII.\\nAn Act for erecting part of Johnston, Cumberland and Orange Counties into a\\nseparate and distinct County by the name of Wake County and St. Marga-\\nret s Parish.\\nSection I recites tliMt the large extent of said counties\\nrenders it burdensome to attend the courts, general musters,\\nand other public meetings.\\nSec. II. Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and Assem-\\nbly, and by the authority of the same, that after the 12th\\nMarch, 1771, the said county be divided by the following\\nlines (as given in the text of the address).\\nSec. III. Courts to be held on the first Tuesdays in March,\\nJune, September and December.\\nSec. IV provides for the old Sheriff collecting arrears of\\ntaxes.\\nSec. V. Johnston County to be in Newbern and Wake in\\nHillsborough Districts.\\nSec. VI. Sheriff of Wake to account to the Southern Treas-\\nurer.\\nSec. VII. Commissioners appointed to sehct site of court-\\nhouse, etc to erect buildings, etc. (as stated in the text).\\nSec. VIII. Justices of the Inferior Courts to levy tax (o\\nreimliurse the Commissioners for their expenditures in carry-\\ning out provisions of Section VIL\\nSec. IX Justices of Johnston County to try causes already\\non docket.\\nSec. X. Johnston to appoint four and Wake six jurors to\\nattend the Court of the District.\\nSec. XL Only six jurors from Dobbs County.\\nSec. XII. The Vestry of the Parish of St Stephen s, in\\nJohnston County, to be dissolved.\\nSec. XIII. The Freeholders of St. Margaret s to select\\ntwelve Vestrymen, and those of St. Stephen s to select twelve.\\nSec. XIV. Appoints Joel Lane, John Smith, Theophilus\\nHunter, Farquard Campbell and Walter Gibson to run\\ndividing line between Johnston and Wake.\\nSec. XV. The Inferior Courts shall levy taxes for same.\\nSec. XVI. The Royal Prerogative of Incorporation not to\\nbe deemed impaired by this act.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140\\nLAWS OF 1791, CHAPTER VI.\\nAct to carry into effect the Ordinance of the Convention held at Hillsborough in\\nJuly, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, entitled An Ordinance\\nfor establishing a place for holding the future meetings of the General Assem-\\nbly, and the place of residence of the Chief Officers of the State.\\nSection 1. Provides for electing nine persons by ballot of\\nboth Houses \u00e2\u0080\u0094one from each District; a majority to select\\nthe site within the ten-miles limit, and to purchase not less\\nthan six hundred and forty nor more than one thousand acres\\nand pay for the same by drafts on the State Treasurer; to lay\\noff a town not less than four hundred acres, one-acre lots,\\nmain streets 99 feet and the others 6(3 feet wide; to allot\\ntwenty acres or more for State-house, etc. to sell and con-\\nvey lots.\\nSec. 2. Five other persons to erect a State-house out of\\nproceeds of sale of lots, not to excee 1 \u00c2\u00a310,000 ($20,000);\\nCommissioners allowed twenty shillings ($2) per day and\\nexpenses.\\nSec. 3. The place selected to be the seat of government\\nand the unalterable place of holding the future Assemblies\\nof this State, and the place of residence of the chief officers\\nof the State.\\nLAWS OF 1792, CHAPTER XIV.\\nAct to confirm the Proceedings of the Commissioners appointed under an Act of\\nthe last General Assembly, entitled An Act to carry into effect the Ordi-\\nnance of the Convention held at Hillsborough in July, 1788, entititled an\\nOrdinance for establishing a place for holding the future meetings of the\\nGeneral Assembly, and the place of residence of the Chief Officers of the\\nState.\\nPreamble recites that a majority of the Commissioners\\nFrederick Hargett, Willie Jones, Joseph McDowell, Thomas\\nBlount, William Johnston Dawson and James Martin on\\n4th April, 1792, purchased of Joel Lane, by deed, date April\\n5, 1792, one thousand acres of land at Wake County Court-\\nhouse, and laid off a plan of a city of four hundred acres,\\ncomprehending, besides streets, 276 lots of one acre each.\\nSection 1. Confirms report of the Commissioners.\\nSec. 2. Plan of the city ratified and ordered to be recorded\\nin office of the Secretary of State.\\nSec. 3. Names of Caswell, Burke, Nash and Moore public\\nsquares ratified.\\nSec. 4. As soon as the State-house, in Union Square in the\\nthe city of Raleigh, is finished, the General Assembly shall", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "141\\nadjourn there, and the Treasurer, Secretary of State and\\nComptroller shall hold their offices in said city, which shall\\nthenceforward be the permanent and unalterable seat of\\ngovernment of North Carolina and the place of residence of\\nthe chief officers of the State.\\nAct for the regulation of the City of Raleigh. Ratified February 7, 1795.\\nSkction I. Seven Commissioners appointed (named in\\nthe address) and made a body politic. Authorized to enact\\nordinances for government of the city. Election to fill\\nvacancies to be held by the Sheriff of the county.\\nSec. II. Commissioners to elect an Intendant to enforce\\nthe ordinances.\\nSec. II. Qualifications of Commissioners and voters pre-\\nscribed.\\nSec. III. Treasurer to be elected for one yesiV by Commis-\\nsioners.\\nSec. IV. Also Clerk during good behavior.\\nSec. V. Tax not over five shillings on \u00c2\u00a3100 of taxable\\nproperty (fifty cents on $200).\\nSec VI. Provides for listing property.\\nSec. VII. Encroachments on streets regulated by Com-\\nmissioners; to be taxed.\\nSec. VIII. Intendant and Commissioners to protect tim-\\nber on public property.\\nSec. IX. This act to be in force until January 1, 1797.\\nB}-^ act of February 21, 1797, the foregoing act was con-\\ntinued indefinitely.\\nBy act of December 18, 1801, three more Commissioners\\nwere added (named in the address).\\nLAWS OF 1832, CHAPTER III.\\nAct making an appropriation and appointing Commissioners for the rebuilding\\nof the Capitol, in the City of Raleigh.\\nSection I. Appropriates $50,000\\nSec. II. Commissioners appointed (as stated in the address).\\nSec. III. Plan of building: lower story, at least, of stone;\\nroof covered with zinc, or other fire-proof material.\\nSec. IV. Authorizes stone from the State quarry.\\nSec. V. Commissioners may pay the undertaker from time\\nto time by warrants on the Public Treasurer.\\nSec. VI. Commissioners may appoint an architect.", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "I X D K X\\nA. PAGE.\\nAddress of Kemp P. Battle, LL D. 1\\nAddi-fss uf Hon. Chtirles M. Busbee IKi\\nAddiessoi President (i. T. Winston, 120\\nAldermen, Board of 106\\nAshe, John Biiptist 33\\nAshe. Samuel 33\\nAssistant Marshals 122\\nAtkins, Rodman G2\\nB.\\nBadger, Mayor Thomas 132\\nBalder, Blake 78\\nBall, Centennial 13S\\nBanking Facilities 100\\nBaptist Grove 65\\nBarringer, David L 60\\nBarringer, D. M. 60\\nBattle, Kemp P., LL. D., address of 1\\nBattle, Kev. AmosJ 6.\\nBeiiehan, Richard 19\\nBevers, Feudal 31\\nBiographies of Commissioners for\\nlocating capitol 25\\nBlake, John C 32\\nBloodworth, James 27\\nBloomsburg Square 12\\nBlount, Mrs. Mary Sumner 26\\nBlount, John Grjiy 26\\nBlount, Willie 26\\nBlount, Thomas 26\\nBoard of Aldermen 106\\nBoard of Managers, Committees of\\nthe 107\\nBoard of Managers of the Raleigh\\nCentennial 106\\nBond. Southey 61\\nBoy Ian, William 40\\nBrag\u00c2\u00ab Col. Thomas 41\\nBrickell, Benjamin 63\\nBriggs, John J. _- 60\\nBriggs. Thomas H 60\\nBrookside Park 96\\nBrown Peter 55\\nBryan, Nathan 19\\nBryan, Lovett 22\\nBurgess, A.S 66\\nBurke Square .-_ 24\\nBurning of the State House ._ 37\\nBusbee, Hon. Charles M., address of 116\\nC.\\nCabarrus, Stephen 28\\nCain, William _\u00e2\u0080\u0094 19\\nCameron, Judge Duncan 35\\nCampbell, Farquaiti 19\\nCampbell, Jolm A 19\\nCannon, Robert 32\\nCanova s Statue of Washington 36\\nCapital city, plan of the 30\\nCapital of North Carolina, the first\\ntemporary 13\\nCapital, location of 20\\nCapital, movement for a permanent 14\\nCapital, plan of the city 24\\nCapital, permanentjSite of and price\\nof land 23\\nCapital, sites voted on for 93\\nCapital, tracts offered for site of 21\\nPAGE.\\nCapiiol, building the new .,0\\nCapitol or Union Square 31\\nCasso s Tavern 4.\\nCaswell Square l4\\nCelebration, the Centennial 10(\\nCemetery, City 97\\nCeinetery, Confederate 9T\\nCemetery, Hebrew 97\\nCemetery, Mt. Hope 97\\nCeinetery, National 97\\nCemetery, Oakwood 9T\\nCentennial ball 133\\nCentennial celebratiim 106-\\nCentennial procession 124;\\nCharities 103\\nChief Marshal 122\\nChief Marshal, presentation to 134\\nChristmas, William 24\\nChurches 99\\nChurches, Centennial servicesat the 114\\nCity fathers, the first 4i\\nCity indebtedness 101\\nCity, plan of the 24\\nCogswell, Dr. Joseph O 70\\nColonial days, seat of government\\nof North Carolina in 12\\nColumbian address. President Geo.\\nT. Winston 120\\nComan, James 61\\nCommissioners of location 19\\nCommissioners for locating capital,\\nbiograpliies of -_ 25\\nCommittee of Publication, resolu-\\ntions of 5\\nCommittee for building Capitol 19\\nCommittee of Board of Managers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 107\\nCooke, Mark 61\\nCotton factories 101\\nCotton market 102\\nCourt scents in tlie past 77\\nCraven, Joiin 51\\nCrawford, Thomas 22\\nCuhum, Robert 61\\nCurtis, Miss Minnie May, Prize Cen-\\nlennial Pi.iem by 6\\nD.\\nDaniel, Cliarles 67\\nDaniel, Elder Robert T 66\\nDaniel, Gen. Beverly 61\\nDavie, Gen. William Richardson 28\\nDawson, William Johnston 27\\nDean, Hardy 22\\nDenson, Capt. C. B.; Account of Cen-\\ntennial Celebration 106\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Description of the new Capitol 41\\nDetaigney, Rev. Marin 67\\nDickson, Joseph 18\\nDigest of Laws relating to Raleigh. 139\\nDrummond, W. S 41\\nDuels in the past 79\\nEagle Hotel 45\\nEarly Churches 64\\nEarly History of Raleigh, address\\non 1\\nElliott, Rev. Charles P 66\\nEmons, Thomas 64\\nEzell, John 22", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "143\\nPAGE.\\nSPaeintres, tjanking 100\\nPaclories. cotton --_ ._- 101\\nFayettevllle desires seat o( capital. 18\\nJ ii es ill tlie past 48\\nFireDepartnient 100\\nKire engine, the first bought 48\\nFireworlis 1^3\\nKuLiith of July celebrations in the\\npast 8^\\nFovvie, Governor Daniel G 32\\nFreeman, Edward B 6ii\\nFreeman, Rev. George W 06\\nGales, Joseph 52\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Gales s printing office 40\\nGale-, Beaton .5i\\nGales, Weston Raleigh .55\\nGallows Hill 78\\nGautier, Joseph R 17\\nGeddy, MissBetsy 7i\\nGlasgow Frauds 88\\nGlendenning, William 04\\nGoodloe, Uol. Green Clay 20\\nGoodloe, Robert 19\\nGoodwin, Samuel OS\\nGorman, Henry 01\\nGovernment, the first city -13\\nGovernor s reception 74\\nGrant, James 70\\nGreen. Rev William M. 00\\nGrowih of the city of Raleigh 46\\nH,\\nHale, Edward J 88\\nHall, Rev. James 84\\nHall, Rev. Ur. J. J. 13o\\nHarper, Robert Goodloe 20\\nHargett, H rederick 20\\nHarrington, Henry William 28\\nHarris, Edward 78\\nHawkins, Governor William 84\\nHawkins. Wyatt 19\\nHaywood, John\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Judge 49\\nHaywood, John\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Treasurer 49\\nHaywood, John Pugh 32\\nHaywood, Bherwood 00\\nHay wood, Stephen 00\\nHaywood, Col. William 49\\nHaywood, William Dallas 51\\nHaywood, William Henry 01\\nHaywood, William H., Jr 60\\nHealthfulness or Raleigh 96\\nHecliletield, Captain John 13\\nHenderson s Cavalry 84\\nHenderson, James 60\\nHenderson, Thomas 00\\nHenry, Louis D 39\\nHill, William 52\\nHill-borough Convention of 178S--- 15\\nHines, Th(jmas 11\\nHinton, Charles L. 41\\nHinton,John 22\\nHinton, Kimbrough 22\\nHodge, Abraham 55\\nHodge, Madison C. 22\\nHodge, Joseph 19\\nHolmes. Gabriel 33\\nHunter, Isaac\u00e2\u0080\u0094 plantation of 15\\nHunter, Theophilus 21\\nIndebtedness of thecit.y 101\\nImprovements in Raleigh 91\\nIndian- Queen Tavern 45\\nJ- PAGE.\\nJeffreys, William 22\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Johnson, Aloert 32\\nJohnson, Andrew 01\\nJ(jhnson, Jacob 00\\nJohnson, Jolin W 31\\n.lohnslon. Governor Gabriel 13\\nJones, I aplain Alfred 60\\nJones, Dr. Calvin 52\\nJones, Edward 19\\nJones, Nathaniel 22\\nJones, Redding 68\\nJones, Willie 19\\nK.\\nKing, Benjamin .S. 01\\nL.\\nLaFayette. Marquis De 37\\nLaFayette s visit to Raleigh 87\\nLane, Henry 21\\nLane, Jesse 28\\nLane, Joel 21\\nLane, Joseph 11\\nLash, .Samuel 48\\nLaws relating to Raleigh, Digest of 139\\nLenoir, William 28\\nLiterary center 103\\nLocation, Commissioners of 19\\nLock, Matthew 19\\nLot sales of lhl3 in Raleigh 34\\nLot sales of 1819 in Raleigh 35\\nLovejoy, J efierson Madison 71\\nLucas, Alexander 00\\nLucas, George 19\\nLucas, Henderson 81\\nLulterioh, Henry B 19\\nM.\\nMacon, John 19,61\\nMails and travelers in the past 80\\nManguin, Willie P 81\\nManly, Gov. Charles 32\\nMarket, Cotton 102\\nMarket, Tobacco 102\\nMarling, Jacob 06\\nMares, James 44\\nMarslials, Centennial 122\\nMarshall, John 52\\nMartin, Gov. Alexander 24\\n.Martin, Janie^ 26\\nMartin, Nathaniel 26\\nMasonic Fraternity 01\\nMcDowell, Gen. Charles 27\\nMcDowell, Col. Joseph, Sr 27\\nMcDowell, Capt. Joseph, Jr 27\\nMcKee, James 61\\nMcKeethan, Dugald 44\\nMcPheeters, Dr. William 64\\nMebane, Ale.xander 19\\n.Mebane, James 63\\nMhoon, William S 40\\nMoore, Alfred 24\\nMoore Square 24\\nMordecai, George W 97\\nMordecai, Moses 28\\nMovements for a permanent capital 14\\nN.\\nNash Square 24\\nNewbern, seat of goverment at 13\\nNew Capitol, description of the 41\\nNewspapers in the past 88\\nNews and Observer 103\\nNichols, Capt. William 38\\nNorth Carolina, State Bank of 62", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144\\np. PAGE.\\nPage, Rufus H 52\\nPain, John 44\\nParish, Charles 68\\nPark, Brookside 98\\nPark, Pullen 96\\nPastor of the City 64\\nPaton, David 41\\nPatterson, Samuel F 41\\nPeace Institute 70\\nPeace, Joseph 57\\nPeace, William 32\\nPerson, Thomas 27\\nPlan of the capital city 30\\nPolk. Bishop Leonidas 51\\nPolk, Col. Thomas 87\\nPolk, Col. William 50\\nPotterfleld, James 19\\nPorter, Henry 62\\nPowell, Dempsy 22\\nPresentation tothe Chief Marshal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 134\\nPrices In the past 81\\nPrinirose, W. S. 132\\nProcession, Centennial 124\\nPublic amusements in the past 77\\nPublic balls of the past 74\\nPublic hangings in the past 78\\nPublic schools 72\\nPullen Park 96\\nPullen, Richard Stanhope 59\\nE,\\nRaboteau, John S 52\\nRailroads in the past 89\\nRaleigh Academy 67\\nRaleigh, addresson early history of, 1\\nRaleigh Centennial, Board of Man-\\nagers of 106\\nRaleigh, growth of the city ol 45\\nRaleigh, improvements in 91\\nRaleigh Minerva 55\\nHftleigh Register _ 55\\nRaleigh, Sir Walter 29\\nRaleigh, .social life of early city of- 72\\nRaleigh Star 60\\nRaleigh Wasp 88\\nRaleigh Volunteer Guards 85\\nRavenscroft, Bishop John Stark_-_ 66\\nRayner, Hon. Kenneth.. 50\\nReeder, F H 82\\nResolution of Board of Managers.-, 3\\nResolution of Committee of Publi-\\ncation 5\\nRe.K Spring 85\\nRobards. William 35\\nRocky Branch, navigability of 16\\nRogers, Allen 68\\nRogers. Ethelred 22\\nRogers, .John 44\\nRogei-s, Michael 22\\nRoy.stor, David 59\\nRoyster, David L i9\\nRoyster, .lames D 60\\nRuffln, Capt. .lohn S 87\\nRutherford, Griffith 19\\nS.\\nSaint Margaret, Parish of 11\\nSanders, Hardy 11\\nSanderson, Col. Richard 13\\nSaunders, Romulus M 32\\nSchools 99\\nSeat of government at Newbern 13\\nScat of government of North Caro-\\nlina ill colonial days 12\\nSeaton, William W 55\\nPAGE.\\nSeawell, Henry 56\\nServices at the churches 114\\nShaw, Matthew 61\\nShaw, William 64\\nSilver Graj Corps 48\\nSmedes, Rev. Dr. Aldert 70\\nSmith, Benjamin 33\\nSmith, Richard 59\\nSocial life of early city of Raleigh\u00e2\u0080\u0094 72\\nSpaight, Gov. Richard Dobbs 36\\nState Bank of North Carolina 62\\nState House, the first built 36\\nState House, burning of the 37\\nStewart, .lohn 60\\nSt. Mary s School 70\\nStone, David. 33\\nSubscription Assembly 75\\nSuburbs, the 104\\nSugg, Joshua 44\\nSumner, Frank 47\\nSumner, Gen. Jethro 26\\nSumner, Thomas E 33\\nSwain, Gov. David L 32\\nT.\\nTaylor, John Lewis 66\\nTelegraphs 100\\nTen Mile Limit for permanent\\ncapital 15\\nTippecanoe, log cabin and hard\\ncider celebration of 1840 90\\nTobacco market 102\\nTornado, the old 125\\nTown. Ithiel 41\\nTownship, Macadamized roads in. 97\\nTryon, Governor William 9\\nTryon s Palace 10\\nTucker, Major Rufus S 58\\nTucker, Ruffin 58\\nTucker, William C. 58\\nTucker, William H. H 58\\nTurner, Simon 68\\nTurner, Rev. William... 64\\nU.\\nUnion Square 24\\nV.\\nVasseur, M. Le 87\\nW.\\nWade, Gen. Thomas 18\\nWake courthouse 12\\nWake, Esther 10\\nWake, the county of, formed 9\\nWater-works of the city in 1815 48\\nWheaton, Sterling 61\\nWhltaker, Wesley 60\\nWhite, William 52\\nWiatt, Col. W. T. C 86\\nWiatt s Infantry 84\\nWilliams, Gen. Robert 60\\nWilliam s, the five 57\\nWilliams, the venerable Judge 19\\nWillis. John 19\\nWinslow. John 35\\nWilson, Rev. Alexander 70\\nWinston, Joseph 18\\nWinston, President G. T., Colum-\\nbian address of 120\\ny.\\nYancey, Sterling 52", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3332", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofra00batt_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 418 146 3\\nliniUlinr\\nlllililli-,;:-\\nKiriHiiHr.\\niini(iii!;ii\\nIIKI l!llllllf!l(tlli;!l(llll ItlllllM\\n^iiiiiihitiii.iiiiiiiili.i.iiiii\\niinniiiiHiiiiHiiiniiiiiniiiMiiiiin\\nII11IIIIIIIII llliiiinjOiililiilKiiin:\\niiiiinDdlKifniitini\\nnr[i(iiijiiiMJirrrnnii^innMMMuiriimn^niurMT0iiHirjjniiir:\\ni(nMii*iiHfl)irr(iiii(r(i!!liii!iii.iitiiriiiiiiiii!\\niiMi!mii;;iniiiiil\\n.:.:;i.. jiilllKiiriiiliiriiiinilnnKJlhiMliiiio\\ni) iniiH:. ii{riiHiniin((iiiiiiiriiiiinJlniliiiiiiii(Miiiiii;i;i\\nitiniiiiiMidiiiniiiiiDiiiiTiiiirriiiiniHfiniMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii\\nI lMMiriiiliiMiMHliiiliiHiriiriiitiiiJniiiiiiiirrFiiliiiniiin\\ni::iriH)iiifrr7iiiHnii(iiiri(H(!iriiiiMi (iiiiiiniiii)iiiir\\n:Mniiiiiniiiiiniiininniiiiirr!ii;iiiliiiiiiniiiiiiir\\nIII;:. 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