{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2952", "width": "1762", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "c\\n.-y\\nc^\\n.0-\\n-Jy-\\n:C^\\nx.^\\n,0\\n^V\\n.s.\\n^u\\nV\\n^o", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nAn historical work requires no haste in its production,\\nit should be the creature of time, inasmuch as the arrange-\\nment of material, the weighing of testimony, and the search\\nfor missing Unks in the chain of narrative, all require time.\\nThat the historical contribution which is herewith offered\\nto the public has not been hastily prepared, nor unadvisedly\\nthrust upon the reader s notice, may be seen from the fol-\\nlowing statements.\\nIn the year 1851, the Lutheran Synod of South Carolina,\\nby resolution, made it the duty of the author to gather\\ntogether a copy of all its printed minutes, have them prop-\\nerly bound, and place the bound volumes in the library of\\nits Theological Seminary. In so doing, the author became\\ninterested in the records of Synod, provided a set of dupli-\\ncate copies for himself, and arranged certain tables of\\nstatistics of that Synod, exhibiting the gradual increase of\\nthe Church, the date of each minister s licensure and ordi-\\nnation, c., c., and had these written statistics bound\\nwith his volumes of the Synod s minutes, merely for his\\nown private use and future reference. A prominent min-\\nister of that Synod happening to overlook these statistics,\\nsuggested the propriety of their publication. To which the\\nauthor replied, that it might be done, provided the minutes\\nof the North Carolina Synod could also be procured, and\\nsimilar statistical tables be arranged from them, when\\nboth could be published at the same time,\\nNot long afterwards, in 1858, the author was called to\\nreside in North Cai-olina. when he commenced collecting\\nthe minutes of the Lutheran Synod of that State also, and", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "vi PREFACE.\\nfound such a large amount of additional historical docu-\\nments, that he became exceedingly interested in the search,\\nand the labor has been to him a recreation and a pleasure\\nrather than a wearisome toil. Public libraries were next\\nvisited the records of the Secretaries of State in the Capitol\\nbuildings of North and South Carolina were examined each\\ncolony of Germans in the two Carolinas was traced to its\\norigin missionary journals, discovered to have been sent\\nfrom the first ministers in North Carohna to Germany\\nand there published, but no longer known to have any exist-\\nence, were sought after and obtained in Europe all of\\nwhich produced a collection of historical material greater\\nthan was at first believed to be possible.\\nDuring the years, from 1861 to 18G4, the author pub-\\nlished, from the material then on hand, seventy-two His-\\ntorical Sketches in the columns of the \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Southern Lu-\\ntheran, which were received with so much favor, that un-\\nsolicited suggestions came from Eev. John Bachman, D.D.,\\nLL.D., and from editors of several Southern journals, to\\nhave these Historical Sketches published in a more con-\\nvenient and durable form besides, letters were received\\nfrom private parties urging the same thing. On a visit to\\nthe Korth at the close of the war, these Sketches were\\nexhibited to Eev. Dr. Hawks, of Kew York, author of the\\nHistory of aSTorth Carolina, and to Eev. Dr. Krauth, of\\nPhiladelphia, and the same suggestion was repeated by\\nboth those learned gentlemen.\\nAnd now, believing that the information contained in\\nthis work is too valuable to be lost believing also, that the\\nripe and scholarly judgment of others should not be disre-\\ngarded believing, that the labor of twenty-one years, the\\nleisure time of which was mostly spent in gathering to-\\ngether the materials for this work, should not be spent in\\nvain and lastly, believing that some good towards the\\nadvancing of the interests of the Eedeemer s kingdom will\\nthereby be effected, and that a generous public will so re-\\ngard this work, these pages are sent upon the world with", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE. Vii\\nthe earnest hope that they may accompUsh this their mis-\\nsion.\\nBut prol)ably the most important question is Is this\\nbook a rehable historical work To which the author re-\\nplies, that it is as much so, as human labor and patient\\ntoil can make it. This work has been altogether a labor of\\nlove, hence no pains were spared to make it eminently\\ncorrect and exact in dates, names, localities, c. That it\\noccasionally comes in conllict with other historical authori-\\nties could not be avoided, as the author felt assured that\\nChurch records, missionary reports, records of the Councils\\nof State, minutes of Synod, private journals and the like\\nsources of infonnation, produced at the time when the\\nevents occurred, are all of them more reliable than the\\nstatements made by authors, who had not these records at\\ntheir command, however highly those authors may other-\\nwise be regarded.\\nSome of them were unacquainted with the German lan-\\nguage, German characteristics, and the religion of the Ger-\\nman settlers, hence originated the errors that are sometimes\\nfound in American histories in reference to the German\\ncolonists.\\nIt was deemed unnecessary to furnish a list on one or\\nmore separate pages of the sources whence the materials\\nfor this work were derived but, in order to remove all\\ndoubt concerning the reliability of this work, it was\\nthought to be more serviceable to the reader to mention\\nthe names of authorities on the page where such authors\\nand records are quoted.\\nThere is a niche in the history of Xorth and South Caro-\\nlina that has never been filled. It is a well-known fact\\nthat these two Provinces were largely settled by German\\ncolonists, and yet their history has hitherto never been fully\\nwritten. In the various histories of JSTorth Carolina we\\nhave extended accounts of the German settlements at 2^ew-\\nberne and at Salem, but of the other German settlers, who\\nlocated themselves in the central and western parts of the\\nState, nothing is said, although they comprise more than", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Vlll PREFACE.\\nthree-fourths of the German iwpulation. South Carohna\\nhistorians have been equally remiss with the exception of\\nthe Purysburg and the Hard Labor Creek settlements, very\\nlittle is said concerning those colonies from Germany and\\nSwitzerland, which were spread over a large portion of the\\ninterior of that Province. There can be but one solution\\nof this apparent neglect, and that is, the records of these\\nGerman settlements were couched in a language foreign to\\nthose historical writers. It is hoped that the omission has\\nbeen, at least, largely supplied. A few more years, and\\nthe records of the history of our German foreftxthers would\\nhave passed beyond human reach. In view of this fact,\\nhow forcible are the remarks of Dr. Eamsay in the preface\\nto his History of South Carolina: Every day that\\nminute local histories of these States are deferred is an in-\\njury to posterity, for, by means thereof, more of that knowl-\\nedge which ought to be transmitted to them will be irre-\\ncoverably lost.\\nThe author confesses to a few omissions in this work,\\nand that this history has not been extended to the present\\ntime. His reason for the latter foct is, that occurrences so\\nrecent can scarcely be regarded as history, until they have\\nbeen mellowed by age have passed into perspective\u00e2\u0080\u0094 when\\ndistance lends enchantment to the view. At all events,\\nthe author prefers to close at a point, where he will not be\\nobliged to record occurrences in which he was more or less\\npersonally interested.\\nThe first omission consists in the want of an extended\\naccount of the ecclesiastical difficulty that arose in the year\\n1819, between the North Carolina Synod and the ministers,\\nwho afterwards formed the Tennessee Synod. In this the\\nobject was, not to open afresh those wounds which have\\nbeen more than fifty years in healing. Let us by all means\\nhave a hopeful future, and let us throw no obstacles in the\\nway of the dead past burying its dead.\\nThe second omission is a trifiing one, namely, the pass-\\ning in silence the efforts made in 1842 by the North and\\nSouth Carolina Synods to celebrate the supposed centenary", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE. IX\\nanniversary of the introduction of tlie Lutheran Church\\nin America. To the Soutli tliis celebration was peculiarly-\\nanachronistic. German Lutheranism was established in\\nPennsylvania in 1742, but it existed in the South eight years\\nearlier, when Revs. Bolzius and Gronau commenced their\\nlabors in the German (Salzburg) colony at Ebenezer, Geor-\\ngia, A.D. 1734, and in the Carolinas, five years sooner,\\nwhen Eev. Giessendanner labored for the Germans in\\nOrangeburg, S. C, in 1737.\\nThe author is aware that this historical work, especially\\nin its detailed ecclesiastical information, must be interest-\\ning chiefly to the members of the Lutheran Church in the\\nCarolinas it is hoped, nevertheless, that the general reader\\nwill gather from it much information which is not to be\\nobtained from any other source.\\nG. D. Bernheim.\\nWilmington, N. C,\\nJune 10th, 1872.", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nv.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nAn Account op the Early Colonization of the Dutch,\\nGerman and Swiss Settlers in the Carolinas.\\nSection 1. The Causes, in general, which led to the Colo-\\nnization of America with European settlers, 25\\nSection 2. The Religious Persecutions in Europe as another\\neftective cause of Emigration to America, 30\\nSection 3. The War of the Spanish Succession, 37\\nSection 4. The Mission Societies established in Europe for\\nthe benefit of the early settlers in America, 40\\nSection 5. John Lederer s Explorations, A.D. 1G70, 49\\nSection 6. The Dutch Colony of Lutherans on James\\nIsland, South Carolina, A.D. 1674, 56\\nSection 7. The Colony of Palatinate and Swiss Germans\\nin Newberne, North Carolina, A.D. 1710, 67\\nSection 8. The German settlers in Charleston, S. C, 81,\\nSection 9. The Swiss Colony at Purysburg, S. C, A.D.\\n1732, 88\\nSection 10. The German and Swiss colonists of Orange-\\nburg, S. C, A.D. 1735, 99\\nSection 11. The German settlers of Saxe-Gotha Town.ship,\\nnow Lexington County, S. C, A.D. 1737, 126\\nSection 12. The German settlers from Pennsylvania in\\nCentral North Carolina, A.D. 1750, .148\\nSection 13. The Moravians at Salem, N. C, A.D. 1753, 154\\nSection 14. The Germaii Lutheran colony at Hard Labor\\nCreek, Abbeville County, S. C, A.D. 1763 and 1764, 161", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "XU CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nSection 15. Other German Settlements, particular!} in\\nSouth Carolina, 167\\nSection 16. Hessian Deserters during the Revolution, 171\\nCHAPTER II.\\nCondition and History of the German Colonies in the\\nCarolinas to the close of the Revolutionary War.\\nSection 1. A brief review of the planting of the different\\nGerman colonies in North and South Carolina, 175\\nSection 2. Trials and Difficulties of the Early Settlers, 181\\nSection 3. Character, occupation and condition of the Ger-\\nman settlers in the Carolinas, 185\\nSection 4. Great want of the means of grace among the\\nearly German colonists in the Carolinas, 191\\nSection 5. An account of the Weber Heresy, .195\\nSection 6. History of St. John s Lutheran Church, Charles-\\nton, S. C, to the close of the Revolutionary War, 205\\nSection 7. The Lutheran Church in Amelia Township,\\nOrangeburg District (County), S. C, 224\\nSection 8. The Lutheran churches in Saxe-Gotha Town-\\nship, Lexington District (County), S. C, 229\\nSection 9. Other German churches in South Carolina, 233\\nSection 10. Early History of St. John s Lutheran Church,\\nSalisbury, N. C, 239\\nSection 11. Early History of Organ Church, RowAn\\nCounty, N.C., 243\\nSection 12 Early History of St. John s Church, Cabarrus\\nCounty, N. C, 246\\nSection 13. The Delegation sent from North Carolina to\\nEurope for Pastors and Teachers, and the Subsequent\\nOrganization of the Helmstaedt Mission Society, 253\\nSection 14. The Labors of Revs. Nussmann and Arndt in\\nNorth Carolina, 259\\nSection 15. Character of the Lutheran Ministry in the\\nCarolinas previous to the Revolutionary War Their\\nPiety, Learning, Firm Adherence to the Confessions\\nof their Church, Faithfulness in the Discharge of\\ntheir Ministerial Duties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Liturgical Worship, \u00c2\u00abS5c., 262", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. Xlll\\nSection 16. Gradual Improvement of the Condition of the\\nGerman Colonies and of their Churches in the Oaro-\\nlinas, and Bright Prospects for the Future, 267\\nSection 17. The Effect of the Kevolutionary War upon\\nthe Gcrnuin Settlements and their Churches, 209\\nCHAPTER III.\\nHistory of the Lutheran Church ik the Carolinas\\nFROM the close OP THE REVOLUTIONARY WaR, A.D.\\n1783, TO THE Organization of the Synod of North\\nCarolina, A.D. 1803, embracing a Period of Twenty\\nYears.\\nSection 1. State of the German Colonies and of the Lu-\\ntheran Church at the close of the Revolution, 274\\nSection 2. Reorganization of Ecclesiastical Affairs in the\\nLutheran Church in the Carolinas, 278\\nSection 3. Arrival of Rev. John Charles Faber Reunion\\nof the North Carolina Churches with the Parent\\nChurch in Germany\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The North Carolina Catechism,\\npublished by Rev. Dr. Velthusen; and Rev. Daser s\\nReport to the Helmstaodt Fathers, 281\\nSection 4. The Corpus Evangelicum or Unio Ecclcsias-\\ntica in South Carolina, and the Ordination of Rev. J.\\nG. Bamberg, 288\\nSection 5. The Act of Incorporation of the fifteen Ger-\\nman Churches in the Interior of South Carolina, 305\\nSection 6. Arrival of Revs. Bernhardt, Storch and Rosch-\\nen in North Carolina, A.D. 1787 and 1788, .311\\nSection 7. The Helmstaedt Mission Society Letters from\\nRevs. Nussmann, Storch and Roschen, published in\\nthe Helmstaedt Reports, indicating the Condition of\\nthe Lutheran Church in North Carolina during the\\nyears 1788 and 1789, 322\\nSection 8. Further intelligence from St. John s and Organ\\nChurches, and a Ministerial Assembly in North Caro-\\nlina, called to ordain the Rev. Robert Johnson Miller, 335\\nSection 9. Death of Revs. Nussmann and Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Resig-", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "XIV CONTENTS.\\nnation of Rev. John Charles Faber Removal of Rev.\\nBernhardt to South Carolina Return of Rev. Rosch-\\nen to Germany Arrival of Revs. Paul and Philip\\nHenkel, 340\\nSection 10. St. John s Church, Cabarrus County, N. C,\\nafter Rev. Nussmann s Death Report of Rev. Storch\\nto Dr. Velthusen Decline of the German Reformed\\nChurch in South Carolina, 346\\nSection 11. The great religious revival of the years 1800\\nand 1801, which swept over the United States reports\\nof Revs. Storch and Henkel concerning it, 850\\nSection 12. Organization of the Evangelical Lutheran\\nSjmod of North Carolina, A.D. 1803, .355\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nHistory of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas\\nContinued, from the Organization of the North\\nCarolina Stnod, A.D. 1803, to the Formation of the\\nFirst Lutheran General Synod in America, A.D.\\n1820; Embracing a Period of Seventeen Years.\\nSection 1. Condition of the Lutheran Church in South\\nCarolina in the year 1803, 359\\nSection 2. Henkel s report on the condition of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in North Carolina in the year 1806, 366\\nSection 3. Extracts from the First Minutes of the North\\nCarolina Synod, from A.D. 1803 to 1810, .372\\nSection 4. Missionary tours of Revs. Miller, Franklow\\nand Scherer, 378\\nSection 5. Emigration from North Carolina to several\\nnew States and Territories, 392\\nSection 6. Additional extracts from the Mih utes of the\\nNorth Carolina Synod from 1811 to 1815, exhibiting\\nthe Rapid Increase of its Influence, the Extension of\\nits Borders, and its great want of Ministers, 395\\nSection 7. Origin and History of several new Congrega-\\ntions established in North and South Carolina, 401\\nSection 8. Continued history of several of the older Lu-\\ntheran Congregations in the Carolinas, 411", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. XV\\nPAGE\\nSection 9. Arrival of Rev. John Bachman as pastor of St.\\nJohn s Lutheran Church in Charleston, S. C, and\\nhis Report on the State of the Country and the Condi-\\ntion of the Lutheran Church in America in the year\\n1815, 415\\nSection 10. The Ordination Question, and Opposition to\\nthe Licensure of Candidates for the Ministry, 425\\nSection 11. The Literary Institution in Tennessee for the\\nEducation of Ministers, and the Publication by au-\\nthority of the North Carolina Synod of a book, called\\nLuther, 429\\nSection 12. The Convention which was called for the Pur-\\npose of Organizing a General Synod, 435\\nSection 13. The First Rupture in the Lutheran Church in\\nAmerica, and the subsequent Formation of the Ten-\\nnessee Synod, A.D. 1819 and 1820, .440\\nCHAPTER V.\\nFrom the Organization of the Tennessee Synod to\\nTHE Establishment of the Theological Seminary\\nAT Lexington, South Carolina, A.D. 1833.\\nSection 1, A Glimpse into the History of some of the\\nOlder Congregations, 446\\nSection 2. Fraternal Union of the North Carolina Synod\\nwith the Protestant Episcopal Convention of North\\nCarolina, 457\\nSection 3. Rev. John Bachman s Labors in Savannah and\\nEbenezer, Georgia, 463\\nSection 4. Organization of the Lutheran Synod of South\\nCarolina,_A.D. 1824, 467\\nSection 5. Re. ovals to the West, and Missionary Labors\\nof the North Carolina Synod in Illinois and other\\nStates, 470\\nSection 6. Rapid Progress of the South Carolina Synod,\\nand the Missionary Labors of Revs. Scheck, Schwartz,\\nand W. D. Strobel, 474\\nSection 7. Death of Rev. Charles A. G. Storch in 1831,\\nand arrival of other Lutheran Ministers in North\\nCarolina, 480", "height": "2778", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "XVI CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nSection 8. Principal Transactions of the Tennessee Synod,\\nfrom 1820 to 1833, 485\\nSection 9. Establishment of a Theological Seminary in\\nSouth Carolina, under the Professorship of Kev. John\\nG. Schwartz, A.D. 1830, 489\\nSection 10. New Churches Erected in South Carolina;\\nand the Early Deaths of Eevs. Wingard, Schwartz,\\nBergman and Daniel Dreher, 497\\nSection 11. Founding of the Theological Seminary at\\nLexington, S C, and arrival of Rev. E. L. Hazelius,\\nD.D., as Professor of Theology, .507\\nCHAPTEPv VI.\\nHistory of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas\\nCONTINUED to THE ClOSE OP THE YEAR 1850.\\nSection 1. Condition of the Lutheran Church in North\\nand South Carolina in 1834, 512\\nSection 2. Rev. Daniel Jenkins Revivals in North Caro-\\nlina Commissioners sent by the South Carolina\\nSynod to the North Carolina Synod with Proposals\\nin behalf of the Lexington Theological Seminary\\nDeath of Rev. Gottlieb Shober, 516\\nSection 3. Increase of Lutheran Ministers in the Caroli-\\nnas Establishment of New Congregations Visit of\\nRev. Dr. Bachnian to Europe, 520\\nSection 4. Settlement of North Germans in Southern\\nCities Organization and Early History of St. Mat-\\nthew s German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Charles-\\nton, S. C, 529\\nSection 5. Formation of the Western Virginia Synod\\nand Death of Rev. Henry Graober, 533\\nSection 6. Endowment of a Second Professorship in the\\nTheological Seminary at Lexington, S. C. Memoir\\nof Henry Miiller, Sr., 538\\nSection 7. Colony of German Settlers at Walhalla, S. C.\\nAdditional New Congregations Organized The Mis-\\nsissippi and Texas Missions, 544\\nSection 8. State of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas,\\nin the Year 1850, 549\\nSection 9. Concluding Remarks, 554", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "HISTORY\\nOF THE\\nlemii leltlemeiits aM the liieraii tliiircli\\nNOKTH AKD SOUTH CAKOLIKA.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nAN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY COLONIZATION OF THE\\nDUTCH, GERMAN, AND SWISS SETTLERS\\nIN THE CAROLINAS.\\nSection 1. The causes, in general, which led to the\\ncolonization of America with EuroiJean settlers.\\nThe memory of the early settlers of America\\nshould ever be regarded as sacred it was their\\ncourageous hearts or conscientious convictions of\\nduty that led them to venture upon the dangers\\nof a long and tedious voyage across the Atlantic,\\nand to endure the perils and hardships of an in-\\nhospitable wilderness, which greeted them upon\\ntheir arrival in this country. To them America\\nowes the debt of gratitude for having planted the\\nwestward star of empire on its shores; for\\nhaving introduced the dawn of civilization on\\nthis continent, where brutal savages, always at\\n3", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "26 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwar with themselves, and threatening each other s\\ndestrnction, formerly roamed unrestrained over\\nits wide and trackless forests; for having borne\\nthe standard of Christianity to this vast country,\\nwhere once the curses of idolatry hung like a\\nfuneral pall over its future progress and prosperity.\\nIn such a wilderness, and under many adverse and\\ndangerous circumstances, our adventurous or pious\\nforefathers made their homes and reared their\\nhardy families well may those early settlers, in\\nmore senses than one, be denominated the fathers\\nof this their adopted country.\\nThe causes which induced the early settlers of\\nAmerica to leave their native homes and seek an\\nabode in the Far West, across the wide Atlantic,\\nwhich, on account of its dangers, and a long,\\ntedious, and expensive voyage, severed them for-\\never from all that they once held dear, were nu-\\nmerous and of great variet} but the principal of\\nthese causes of emigration shall be given and de-\\nscribed in the following narrative.\\nAmid the over-abundant population of Europe,\\ncrowded within a small area of productive land,\\nthere always existed, for many centuries past, a\\nlarge proportion of inhabitants of every class of\\nsociety, whose pecuniary circumstances ever for-\\nbade them to arrive at the condition of competency\\nand wealth in the ordinary pursuits of life the\\ntitled nobleman, by misfortune or bad manage-\\nment, had become deprived of that affluence,\\nwhich once gilded the coronet of his ancestral\\nhouse; the unfortunate merchant, by unwise", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 27\\nspeculation, improper iuvestmeuts, want of suc-\\ncess, or some other mismanagement in his com-\\nmercial affairs, brought himself and iiimily to the\\nverge of ruin the industrious artisan could\\nscarcely maintain a large and increasing family\\non the small pittance which was his daily support,\\nforbidding his industry ever to reach beyond that\\nwhich was necessarily consumed in the mainte-\\nnance of his esteemed wife and beloved children\\nwhilst the tenant upon a lordl}^ estate was so over-\\nburdened with tithes and gatherings, that he\\ngroaned over the profitless labor which he daily\\nperformed.\\nIn addition to these classes, many j oung and\\nunmarried men and women, who could see noth-\\ning before them but pre-occupied situations, closed\\navenues of industry; and servants, already too nu-\\nmerous, awaiting the rich man s bidding, felt but\\ntoo keenly that the Old World had little employ-\\nment to offer, and less bread to spare.\\nThus necessity, as well as inclination, induced\\nthese worthy members of society to seek a fortune\\nin America, or at least to improve their pecuniary\\ncondition, wiiich was accomplished by engaging\\nin remunerative agriculture, trading with the\\naborigines of the forests, or in the pursuit of such\\ncommercial enterprises as invited the settlers to\\nthe enjoyment of prospective wealth, luxury, and\\ninfluence. Capital was necessary, connected with\\nthe ordinary commercial judgment and prudence,\\nto build up a fortune for the enterprising merchant\\nin the Old World, but in America, industry and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "28 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\neconomy accomplislied astonisliiiig results; oppor-\\ntunity was wanting to many an anxious aspirant\\nin the Fatherland in all the various departments\\nof industry, but in the N^ew World, unoccupied\\nsituations presented themselves every day to all\\nclasses of honest and useful men, whilst the want\\nof labor in the wilds of America was constantly\\nfelt. Lands, farms, and plantations were freely\\noffered to every settler for a small amount of pur-\\nchase-money, or for an annual quit-rent of a trilling\\ncharacter.\\nWhat an alluring prospect presented itself in\\nthis countrj^ to all the inhabitants of Europe, a\\ncountry crowded for many centuries to its utmost\\ncapacity! What an outlet to the inhabitants\\nthereof, groaning under the stringent civil laws\\nnecessary for such a superabundant population,\\nwhich was at times somewhat reduced by the\\nhorrors of civil war They came, like so many\\nswarms of bees from their native hives, to seek\\nsubsistence and wealth in America, where good\\nprospects and tine opportunities awaited tliem.\\nA large number of emigrants to this country\\nwere possessed of a romantic spirit, desiring to\\nroam free and unrestrained through the primeval\\nforests in search of adventure; their highest am-\\nbition was to hunt the wild deer, chase the fox\\nand the buffalo, trap the beaver and the otter, or\\nencounter other but more dangerous animals\\nwithout the restraints of law or privilege of fa-\\nvoritism, which forbade their entering into Euro-\\npean forests with the ride, the huntsman s dog,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 29\\nand tlie horn at that time even the Athxntic slope\\nof our country afibrded them ample opportunities\\nand advantages to follow the bent of their inclina-\\ntions; their wonderful narratives composed many\\nof the winter-evening tales that were then pub-\\nlished for the amusement and instruction of many\\na European family.\\nAnother, and a verj^ useful and valuable, class\\nof colonists were the redemptioners, who came to\\nAmerica to escape the poverty and starvation that\\nstared them in the face in their native country\\nbread for themselves, their wives, and their little\\nones, was all they asked and expected from the\\nfruitful soil of their adopted country; too poor to\\npjay their passage-money across the ocean, the\\nfather, and sometimes the mother also, were sold\\nby the captain of the ship, as soon as the vessel\\narrived in port, and thus several years labor of\\nthese poor emigrants were required to pay the ex-\\npense of their passage to America. These settlers\\nhad a hard life of it; however, with strict economy\\nand by honest industry they became qualitied for\\nfuture independence, which thej had learned to\\nappreciate well by a previous state of servitude.\\nOthers of the same class were aided by European\\nphilanthropists to settle themselves in the various\\ncolonies in America, having a debt of gratitude\\never resting upon them and their children, for the\\nkindness extended to them by their benefactors in\\nthe Fatherland.\\nPolitical refugees also found an asylum and a\\nhome in this country; some of these came from", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "30 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nScotland, who had espoused the cause of the Pre-\\ntender, Charles Edward, and were persecuted by\\nthe reigning house of Hanover in Great Britain\\nothers came from Ireland, after the rebellion; and\\nsome again emigrated from other countries for the\\nsame reasons; many came from all parts of Ger-\\nmany, in order to escape the demands of their\\ncountry upon them for military service whilst not\\na few from all lands came to settle in America,\\nhaving been fugitives from justice, and left their\\ncountry for their country s good.\\nThus these early settlers came from every na-\\ntion in Europe; they spoke every language of that\\ncountry; they were possessed of every shade of\\nidea; they differed in their manners, customs, and\\nhabits. In this way was America peopled; and\\nthese were the parents of that hardy and indomi-\\ntable race which eventually broke the rule and\\npower of the English crown in the colonies of\\nAmerica, during the bloody period of the Revo-\\nlutionar^ War.\\nSection 2. TTie religious persecutions in Euroi^e^ as\\nanother effective cause of emigration to America.\\nWhat would finally have become of America\\nwith its heterogeneous mass of inhabitants, with-\\nout the intermixture of a people possessed of an\\nearnest and active Christianity, as the salt of the\\nearth, or the leaven lor the whole lump, is a\\nfruitful subject for the pen of the s})eculative [)hi-\\nlosopher; happily, however, Providence furnished", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 31\\nthis precious leaven at the commencement of the\\ncolonization of America, by employing the fires\\nof bloody persecutions in various parts of the Old\\nWorld, and thus again was the wrath of man\\nmade to praise God, whilst the remainder of\\nwrath He did restrain. We are familiar with\\nthe history of the Puritans of Enghmd, who sought\\nand found a home on the barren rocks and shores\\nof Plymouth, Massachusetts; but the story of the\\npersecuted Huguenots of France, who settled\\nthemselves in the Carolhias; of the jSTon-conform-\\nists of Scotland of the German Palatiiies (Ptalzer)\\nfrom the Rhine; of the Salzburgers from the Al-\\npine districts of Austria, is as yet but imperfectly\\nknown, and but partially understood.\\nIt was religious persecution which caused a very\\nlarge number of European inhabitants to emigrate,\\nand to seek an asylum in America, and, in so doing,\\nthey sought not wealth nor fortune, but simply,\\nfreedom to worship God; here they found the\\nasylum they sought; no hand of political or eccle-\\nsiastical power has ever materially disturbed the\\nvotaries of any religious tenet or worship in the\\nenjoyment of this inalienable right. These noble\\ncolonists erected many a Plymouth monument of\\nreligious liberty on our Southern shores, and under\\ncircumstances much more interesting than those\\nwhich attended the crossing of the noted Mayflower\\nfrom Old to New England.\\nA cloud of persecution overshadowed the Prot-\\nestant Christian on the continent of Europe, more\\nfierce and unrelenting than that which ever op-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "32 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\npressed the Puritans in their native countr3\\\\ The\\nChurch of Rome, which had long been schooled\\nin the doctrine of death to heretics, which had\\nled a John Huss and a Jerome of Prague to a\\nmartyr s death, which had endeavored to exter-\\nminate with fire and sword the pious Piedmontese\\nin their peaceful valleys and mountain fastnesses\\nof Italy, which had inaugurated the horrors of St.\\nBartholomew s night, continued its savage orgies\\nagainst the devoted Huguenots of France, by the\\nrevocation of the edict of Nantes in 1685, when\\nFrance lost 750,000 of its most useful and indus-\\ntrious citizens, many of whom located themselves\\npermanently in America.\\nThe name Huguenot was a term of derision\\napplied by the Romish Church to those Protestant\\nChristians who had early eml)raced the doctrines\\nof the Reformation, and is said to have originated\\nfrom a certain locality near the city of Tours,\\nwhere the first French Protestants usually assem-\\nbled themselves for public worship.\\nUnder the reign of Henry II, of France, the\\nHuguenots increased rapidly, which so alarmed\\nthe Romanists, that they organized themselves into\\na party with the intention of exterminating all\\ntraces of Protestantism in the realm; yet in this\\nthey were not successful. Thus matters were con-\\ntinued during the short reign of Francis II, a\\nyoung and imbecile prince; when at last his bro-\\nther, Charles IX, surnamed the Bloody, ascended\\nthe throne. A civil war now broke out between\\nthe Romanists and Protestants, in which the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 33\\nformer were in the main successful. Charles IX,\\ninstigated by his wicked mother, Catharine de\\nMedicis, introduced the awful horrors of St. Bar-\\ntholomew s night, August 24th, 1572, when Ad-\\nmiral Coligni and thousands of his fellow-Protest-\\nants met with a treacherous and bloody death.\\nThe massacre was continued in the city and\\nthroughout the kingdom for a week, and it is com-\\nputed that from eighty to one hundred thousand\\nwere slain in France. The annals of the world\\nare filled with narratives of crime and woe, but\\nthe massacre of St. Bartholomew stands, perhaps,\\nwithout a parallel.\\nDuring the reign of Henry IV, the Protestants\\nwere treated with marked favor, and in 1598 he\\nproclaimed an edict at the city of I^antes, granting\\nto the Protestants the right of religious liberty.\\nThis celebrated Edict of Kantes continued in force\\nfor eighty-seven years, until the reign of Louis\\nXIY, when, in 1685, it was revoked, and now\\nagain were the tires of persecution lighted anew,\\nand the Huguenots, feeling themselves no longer\\nsecure in their own native land, and dreading a\\nrepetition of the horrors of former years, resolved\\nto leave a countrj^ over which such a hostile gov-\\nernment had unlimited swa^ They fled to Swit-\\nzerland, Germany, Holland, England, and Amer-\\nica, and thus was France depopulated of thou-\\nsands other most useful, industrious, and wealthy\\ncitizens, who carried Avith them not only their\\nreligion, but likewise some of the finer and most\\nuseful arts of France. In America the Huguenots", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "34 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nlocated themselves principally iu the provinces of\\nNorth and South Carolina, where we meet with\\ntheir honored descendants at the present day.\\nThe ISTon-coiiformists or Dissenters were those\\nCalvinistic Christians in Scotland, who were un-\\nwilling to be connected with the established Church\\nof England, and were persecuted on account of\\ntheir religious faith. Some of these fled directly to\\nAmerica, others at flrst located themselves in the\\nnorthei u part of Ireland, and from thence they and\\ntheir descendants removed to this country, hence\\nthey are called Scotch-Irish. They came flocking\\nin large numbers to America, and their descend-\\nants may be traced in the bosom of the various\\nbranches of the Presbyterian Church in this\\ncountry.\\nWe must now turn our attention to our German\\nforefathers. Soon after the revocation of the\\nEdict of Nantes, Louis XIV, king of France, not\\ncontent with persecuting his own subjects, spread\\ndesolation into German} The country named\\nAlsace, formerly a French province, located along\\nthe banks of the beautiful Rhine; the Palatinate,\\na countr} no longer known in the geography of\\nEurope, but known well in its history, these were\\nthe fields of bloody carnage for the grand and\\ncruel Louis, who threatened the utter extermina-\\ntion not only of the strong men, who might oppose\\nliim in battle, but of the aged fathers, as well as of\\nthe helj)less females and innocent children, whose\\nonly crime was, in his view, the sin of Protestant-\\nism. The persecution of the German Palatines", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 35\\n(Pfalzer) was occasioned hy the war of the Spanish\\nSuccession, to whicli brief allusion is made in Dr.\\nPlazelius American Lutheran Church, page 23,\\nan account of which shall be given in the next\\nsection of this history.\\nAnother valuable accession of German settlers,\\nwlio were driven to this country by the cruelties\\nof religious intolerance, were the pious Salzburgers\\nfrom the regions of the Noric Alps, in Upper\\nAustria, and who were persecuted on account of\\ntheir religion by Leopold, the Roman Catholic\\nArchbishop of Salzburg.\\nOf these German colonists, who settled them-\\nselves in Ebenezer, Georgia, twenty-six miles\\nnorthwest of Savannah, Bancroft, the historian,\\nwrites thus: Thej^ were indeed a noble army of\\nmartyrs going forth in the strength of God, and\\ntriumphing in the faith of the Gospel under the\\nseverest hardships and the most rigorous persecu-\\ntions. They were marshalled under no banners\\nsave that of the cross, and were preceded by no\\nleaders save their spiritual teachers and the great\\nCaptain of their salvation. Sympathy had been\\nso gi-eatl_y enlisted in their behalf throughout all\\nProtestant Europe, that their journey from the in-\\nterior of Austria to the seaboard was like a con-\\nstant ovation the cities and towns, through which\\nthe} passed, vied with each other to do them honor\\nand bid them God-speed.\\nThey travelled on foot, passing through Augs-\\nburg and Ilalle, until they reached Frankfort-on-\\nthe-Main, where they embarked in a vessel, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "36 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwere soon floating on the bosom of tlie beantifnl\\nEliine. And as they passed, says Bancroft,\\nbetween the castled crags, the vinej-ards, and\\nthe white-walled towns that adorn its banks, their\\nconversation, amid hymns and psalms, is of justi-\\nfication and sanctification.\\nIt is not necessary to give an extended history\\nof the Salzburgers, inasmuch as they were not set-\\ntlers of North and South Carolina, though near\\nneighbors to their brethren in those two provinces,\\nand exerting great influence over them. However,\\nshould the reader desire to know more of their\\nhistory, he is referred to Strobel s History of the\\nSalzburgers, or to Urlsperger s ITachrichten der\\nerstenNiederlassung der Salzburger Emigranten in\\nGeorgien, and Das Americanische Ackerwerk\\nGottes, in five large quarto volumes of some 1200\\npages each.\\nIt will not be uninteresting to state, that though\\nthese Salzburg emigrants were Germans at the\\ntime of their departure from Austria, they are,\\nnevertheless, the descendants of those noble Val-\\nlenses of Piedmont, Italy, who had fled from the\\npersecutions of the Dukes of Savoy, following the\\nmountain crags of the Alps until they arrived at\\na place of comparative safety in Austria, where\\nfor awhile they could worship their God unmo-\\nlested by Papal intolerance. There they soon em-\\nbraced the Lutheran faith, and educated their\\nchildren in the pure doctrines and principles of\\nthe Reformation and it is only to be regretted\\nthat such an able historian as Bancroft should,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 67\\nwith LTrlsperger s ITachncliten before liira, al-\\nthough written in the German hmguage, make all\\nthese Salzburgers 3Ioravians, which error ivS, of\\ncourse, copied by nearly all the minor historians\\nwho have written text-books for our common\\nschools. Even Moravians smile at this Bancroftiau\\nerror in history and geograpliy, as no Moravians\\nhad ever a habitation in that portion of Austria\\nwhere once the Salzburgers resided.\\nSection 3. The War of the Spanish Succession.\\nWar is always the occasion of great upheavals\\nin society; the anxiety, the feeling of insecurity,\\nthe ravages of a brutal soldier}^ passing through\\nthe country of a people whom they regard as their\\nenemies, has the effect of dislodging many a peace-\\nful citizen from his native home. In addition to\\nthat, the persecutions which generally follow the\\nunsuccessful party after the conflict is over, makes\\nmany a one a fugitive from the land he once loved,\\nto seek an asylum in some undisturbed country,\\nwhere he may enjoy both the fruits of his labor\\nand his religion unmolested.\\nAmong the many wars which afiiicted Europe\\nduring the period of American colonization, the\\nWar of the Spanish Succession stands prominent\\nin history, as being the chief instrument in send-\\ning numerous settlers to the Ensflish colonies on\\nthis side of the Atlantic; and, inasmuch as the\\nEnglish government was also drawn into the vortex\\nof this strife, the British queen, Anne, made large", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "38 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nprovision for the welfare of those Germans who\\nwere made unfortunate and homeless exiles from\\ntheir native land by the eliects of this useless war.\\nExtensive grants of land were made for the bene-\\niit of these German Palatines in New York, North\\nand South Carolina, by the benevolent Queen Anne,\\nof which more shall be said in this historj at the\\nproper place.\\nCharles II, king of Spain, departed this life\\nNovember 1st, 1700, without having been blessed\\nwith any heir in his own immediate family as a\\nsuccessor to his throne. He was the last scion of\\nthat branch of the Ilapsburg family which bore\\nthe rule in Spain for nearly two hundred years.\\nIn Austria the house of Hapsburg has been the\\noccupant of the throne from A.D. 1273 to the\\npresent day, a period of about six hundred years;\\nand on account of its distant relationship with the\\nruhng familj^ of Spain, one of the sons of Leopold\\nI, king of Austria, was the natural successor to\\nthe vacant throne.\\nThis matter would have been thus adjudged by\\nall Europe without any difficulty, had not Louis\\nXIV, king of France, by intrigue and persuasion,\\ninduced Charles, shortly before his decease, to make\\na will, in which lie nominated Philip, a grandson\\nof Louis, to be his successor to the Spanish throne.\\nThis involved the question of the Spanish succes-\\nsion in a difficulty, which agitated all Europe at\\nthe commencement of the eighteenth century, as\\nit became a question of state policy which threat-\\nened to disarrange the system of equilibrium of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 39\\npower iu Europe. Should the Bourbon family\\nbecome possessed of the thrones of France and\\nSpain, a power would then have been established\\nwhich could and would overawe all the kingdoms\\nand minor states of Europe, to the destruction ot\\ntheir independence and, perhaps, of their religion.\\nHence it was that all the powers of Europe became\\ninterested in the proper settlement of this vexa-\\ntious affair of state.\\nThe vacant throne of Spain presented a most\\ntempting object of desire to the two claimants, for\\nat that time Spain Avas in the enjoyment of the\\nzenith of her wealth and glory; her rule extended\\nover the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, Milan, and\\nthe larger portion of America a handsome legacy\\nindeed, of wealth, power, and regal glory for the\\nfortunate successor of the deceased Charles. What\\na blessing it would have been for Europe for a\\ncourt of law to have decided this matter, as is done\\nin all other cases of disputed inheritance; or, if\\nresort must have been had to a conflict of arms,\\nthe persons immediately interested to have fought\\nit out among themselves, without dragging their\\nunfortunate subjects and neighbors into the bloody\\nstrife.\\nIn this manner originated this dreadful conflict,\\nknown in history as the War of the Spanish Suc-\\ncession, which raged so fiercely in Europe for a\\nperiod of thirteen years.\\nLeopold I, Emperor of Austria, had two sons,\\nJoseph I, heir-apparent to his father s throne, and\\nArchduke Charles, whom his father expected to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "40 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwear the crown of Spain, as the legitimate suc-\\ncessor of liis kinsman, Charles II. The King of\\nFrance, Louis XIV, had no son living, but his two\\ngrandsons became the object of his care and solici-\\ntude. Louis, the Dauphin, afterwards Louis XV,\\nwas heir-apparent to the throne of France, and\\nPhilip, Duke of Anjou, afterwards PhiHp V of\\nSpain, was the person named in Charles s will as\\nhis successor.\\nThe French king enlisted France, Spain, and\\nthe Electorates of Bavaria and Cologne on his\\nside; whilst the Emperor of Austria induced the\\nGerman States, the ISTetherlands, and Enghand to\\ndeclare themselves in favor of the house of Ilaps-\\nburg. Denmark permitted herself to be subsidized\\nby England, and arrayed herself also on the side\\nof the allies against France. The countries, which\\nfelt the direful efiects of the war most severely,\\nwere Italy, Spain, France, Germany, and the\\nNetherlands, as all of these countries became the\\ntheatre for the bloody strife.\\nThe war had lasted several years, when Leopold,\\nEmperor of Austria, died, A.D. 1705, and his\\neldest son, Joseph I, ascended the imperial throne\\nas his successor, but without producing any change\\nin the progress of the war, which was waged on\\nboth sides as fiercely as ever, and in which the allied\\nAustrian powers were in the main successful, and\\nLouis XIV would soon have been so humbled as\\nto withdraw his claim to the Spanish throne; how-\\never, the new Emperor of Austria, Joseph I, died\\nin the year 1711, leaving no issue, when his brother,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 41\\nthe Archduke Charles, succeeded to the vacant\\nthrone. This event so materiallj^ aftected the\\nquestion in dispute, that it promised a speedy re-\\nturn of peace.\\nThe derangement of the State system of Europe\\nof equilibrium of power was now more to be\\ndreaded in the Hapsburg family, by uniting the\\ncrowns of Austria and Spain, as in the Bourbon\\nfamily reigning in France consequently, England\\nand some of the other European States were pre-\\npared for terms of settlement and Charles of Aus-\\ntria could have been no longer so anxious for the\\nthrone of Spain, since he had come into possession\\nof the crowns of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia.\\nA change of administration in England inter-\\nrupted for a season the settlement of the difficulty;\\nhowever, all matters were tinally adjusted at the\\nCongress of Utrecht and Rastadt, A.D. 1713 and\\n1714, when it was agreed that Philip V, Duke of\\nAnjou, and grandson of Louis XIV, should suc-\\nceed to the Spanisii throne, with the proviso that\\nFrance and Spain shall be, and forever remain,\\nseparate kingdoms; that the crowns of these two\\nkingdoms shall never descend upon one head, in\\norder tliat the equilibrium of State power in Eu-\\nrope should in nowise be disturbed; and thus has\\nthe Bourbon family, until recently, occupied the\\nthrone of Spain, except for the short time when\\nXapoleon I disturbed the peace of all Europe at\\nthe commencement of the present century.\\nIt is not necessary to give an account of the\\nbattles that were fought during this war, or to\\n4", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "42 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nname the generals who became conspicuous in the\\nBtrife, or to enumerate the principles, rights, privi-\\nleges, towns, and fortresses which each nation se-\\ncured or lost at the peace of Utrecht and Rastadt;\\nour purposes will be served by turning our atten-\\ntion to Germany, and notice the dire effects of this\\ncruel war upon its peaceful inhabitants.\\nIn order to gain his end, and the sooner to se-\\ncure his coveted prize, Louis XIV carried his war\\ninto all Germany, except Bavaria and Cologne,\\nwhich countries belonged to his allies; besides,\\nbeing a bigoted Romanist, and the inhabitants of\\nGermany being nearly all Protestants, he had a\\ntwofold motive in carrying fire and sword, desola-\\ntion and ruin, wherever he sent his army among\\nour German forefathers, who Avere residing so\\npeacefully and prosperously in those countries\\nbordering on the beautiful Rhine, insomuch that\\na proverb arose among them, We dread the\\nFrench, as well as the Turks, as enemies of our\\nholy religion.\\nThe peaceful inhabitants of the Palatinate, plun-\\ndered of all their earthly possessions, were driven\\nin midwinter as exiles from their native land to\\nseek an asylum in some safe and friendly country.\\nThey beheld their comfortable cottages and once\\namply-filled barns and storehouses smouldering in\\nthe flames behind them, whilst they and their\\nhelpless wives and children, -ruined in worldly\\nprosperity, naked, feeble, and in a starving condi-\\ntion, were wending their weary way over vast\\nfields of snow and ice, leavhig their bloody foot-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 43\\nprints ill the frozen snow, seeking shelter and\\nfinding none. Numbers perished by the way,\\nothers dragged along their feeble bodies until at\\nlast they found safety in the JSTetherlands, and\\nfrom thence they journeyed into England. This\\nis no overdrawn picture. Says a distinguished\\nwriter:* The ravages of Louis XIV in the beau-\\ntiful valleys of the Rhine, were more fierce and\\ncruel than even Mahometans could have had the\\nheart to perpetrate. Private dwellings were razed\\nto the ground, fields laid waste, cities burnt,\\ncbui ches demolished, and the fruits of industry\\nwantonly and ruthlessly destroyed. But three\\ndays of grace were allowed to the wretched in-\\nhabitants to flee their country, and in a short time,\\nthe historian tells us, the roads were blackened\\nby innumerable multitudes of men, women, and\\nchildren, flying from their homes. Many died of\\ncold and hunger; but enough survived to fill the\\nstreets of all the cities of Europe with lean and\\nsqualid beggars, who had once been thriving\\nfarmers and shopkeepers.\\nThe cruel-hearted Louis exhibited no mercy to\\nhis own French-Protestant subjects at the revoca-\\ntion of the Edict of Nantes, but persecuted them\\nwith fire and sword, and drove them from his\\nrealm, though their loss would be greatly felt in\\nFrance; would he then be less lenient to those\\nforeigners whom he regarded both as his political\\nenemies as well as his spiritual foes, inasmuch as\\nKev. Dr. Thornwell.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "44 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthey were believers in the principles of the Refor-\\nmation? Thus were these inhabitants of the\\nPalatinate continually harassed by the French\\narmy, until they were safely landed in England.\\nThe good Queen Anne had invited them to her\\nrealm, and thither they flocked by thousands,\\nwhere they were kindly treated and hospitably\\nentertained.\\nIt occurred to the benevolent Queen, that she\\ncould better provide for these poor Palatines by\\ninducing them to become settlers in her American\\ncolonies, where all classes of useful citizens were\\ngreatly needed. Accordingly, some were settled\\nin the Province of New York; others again were\\nbrought over by De Gratteiireid and Mitchell to\\nNewberne, North Carolina; and some found a\\nhome in various portions of the colony of South\\nCarolina, principally in Charleston and along the\\nbanks of the Congaree, Saluda, and Broad Rivers;\\nwhilst others can be traced to have settled in\\nOrangeburg District, and some along the Savan-\\nnah River, occupying some of the most fertile\\nvalleys of that Province.\\nThus they became at length happily, and, to all\\nappearances, safely located. Every possible ar-\\nrangement was made by the Queen to provide not\\nonly comfortable homes for these unfortunate\\nrefugees, but likewise extensive grants of land for\\nchurches, pastorates, glebes, and schools for the\\neducation of their children.\\nWhen these persecuted German Protestants\\njourneyed to America, the} brought with them", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 45\\ntheir Bibles, hj-ran-books, catechisms, and other\\nreligious books for edification and instruction;\\nand, what was still better, they brought with them\\nthe pearl of great price, their religion, their piety,\\nand their habits of devotion, and thus the}^ be-\\ncame, in a great measure, the salt of the earth to\\nall around them where they were located.\\nWhilst it is true that the War of the Spanish\\nSuccession left its dire effects upon the face of the\\nlovely countries along the Rhine, and that the\\npeaceful inhabitants, who were innocent in bring-\\ning it about, were nevertheless the principal suf-\\nferers, whilst wicked and designing men were the\\nagents of this dreadful scourge; yet God, for wnse\\npurposes, permitted them to atfiict and humble his\\npeople; America stood in need of pious, industri-\\nous, and useful settlers, who might otherwise\\nnever have departed from their comfortable and\\nhappy homes in the Fatherland, but who now came\\nflocking to the New World in great numbers, to\\nbuild up Christ s kingdom in a rising and future\\nprosperous country. Time, progress, and indus-\\ntry the powerful healers of all national troubles\\nwould eventually rectify the devastations, and re-\\nbuild the ruins which war had made in the Palat-\\ninate, whilst America became blessed in her policy\\nof being the asylum for the oppressed of all na-\\ntions.\\nIt is, however, sad to reflect that these German\\nrefugees did not improve the advantages oflered\\nand granted them for churches and schools by\\nthe benevolent Queen of Enghmd their glebes.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "46 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\npastorates, and school-tracts were suffered to re-\\nmain unoccupied by themselves and their de-\\nscendants, until these grants and privileges were\\nforgotten, and the lands otherwise disposed of.\\nA large body of land, now forming a county in\\nSouth Carolina, and yet remembered by the name\\nof the Saxe-Gotha tract, situated along the\\nbanks of the Congaree River, which was once\\nallotted by Queen Anne for this purpose, was\\nfinally lost to the Church, although the Germans\\nmade settlements in that vicinity at a later date.\\nWhat an immense amount of wealth might have\\nbeen preserved to the Lutheran Church, to ad-\\nvance religion and education among the descend-\\nants of these Palatines and other German settlers\\nto their latest generation, in the different colonies\\nof America, where these grants were located.\\nSection 4- The 31ission Societies established in Europe\\nfor the benefit of the early settlers in America.\\nIt is not to be supposed that the various colonists\\nof America were soon forgotten by their friends\\nand relatives in the old country, or were neglected\\nby their former spiritual shepherds. We send\\nmissionaries, at the present time, to nations still\\nbenighted with heathenism, and not at all con-\\nnected with us by the strong ties of consanguinity;\\nhow much more would the European Christians\\nfeel interested in the progress of evangelization\\nin this Western world, where their own kindred\\nresided, who were of the same household of iailh,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 47\\nand from wliom they occasionally received infor-\\nmation by letters, beseeching them to send theni\\nministers of the gospel to break the bread of\\neternal life to them.\\nSome of the colonists, like the Salzburgers, took\\ntheir pastors with them to America; others were\\nnot so fortunate; and all had need of more min-\\nisters, in order that they might regularly enjoy\\nthe administration of all the means of grace. Con-\\nsequently, various mission societies were formed\\nin Europe among the Episcopalians, the Lutherans,\\nthe Moravians, and, perhaps, some other denom-\\ninations, to meet this want. A society of this kind\\nseems to have been first organized in England, called\\nThe Society for Promoting the Knowledge of\\nChrist in Foreign Parts, with which the Lutheran\\nChurch on the Continent must have been in some\\nway connected, having her directors in that institu-\\ntion, such as, the Rev. Dr. Ziegenhagen, Lutheran\\nchaplain at the Court of St. James, London Rev.\\nDr. Urlsperger, pastor of St. AnnaLutheran Church\\nof Augsburg; Rev. Dr. Francke, son of the founder\\nof the Orphan House at Halle; this missionary in-\\nstitution is also noticed in many historical works\\nunder its Latin title, Societas promovenda cog-\\nnitione Christi, and was exceedingly effective in\\ndoing great good in this country; under its care\\nthe mission in Ebenezer, Georgia, was placed; it\\nnot only supported their pastors, but built their\\nchurches and endowed them by various investments.\\nThese Ebenezer pastors were in duty bound to\\nreport minutely, extensively, and frequently to the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "48 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nmissionary board in Europe, or Fathers (as they\\nwere then called) which reports were published\\nby Dr. Urlsperger, of Augsbnro;, for the purpose\\nof keeping up the interest in Germany in belialf\\nof this mission in Georgia; they are still extant,\\nand known by the name of The Urlsperger\\nITachrichten.\\nThe University of Halle organized a separate\\nmission society, which was altogether under Lu-\\ntheran management. It was this society that sent\\nRev. H. M. Muhlenberg, D.D., and other Lutheran\\nministers to the Province of Pennsylvania, who\\nhibored there among the German settlers. Their\\nmissionary reports were, sent to the society in\\nHalle, where they were likewise published, and\\nare now known by the double name of Die Hal-\\nlische Nachrichten, or Die Pennsylvanische\\nNachrichten, many copies of which are still pre-\\nserved in the libraries of several Lutheran colleges\\nin the United States, to which they were donated\\nby a great-grandson of the Halle Society s first mis-\\nsionar} H. H. Muhlenberg, M.D., of Reading, Pa.\\nAt a later period another mission society was\\norganized in Germany by the rofessors of the\\nJulius Charles University, located in Helmstaedt,\\nDuchy of Brunswick. This society sent a number\\nof laborers to North Carolina. Rev. Dr. Velthu-\\nsen was the leading spirit of that organization,\\nwhich provided for the support of Rev. Nussmann,\\nand sent out Revs. Storcli and Roschen to labor\\namong the scattered and neglected Germans in\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0North Carolina.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 49\\nThe reports of these missionaries were published\\nfrom time to time, as soon as they reached the\\nSociety in Ilehnstaedt. Some of them have re-\\ncently been brought to light, but others arc still\\nmissing. They are interesting to the antiquarian,\\nand though not voluminous, they supply an im-\\nportant link in the chain of narrative concerning\\nthe German settlers in North Carolina.\\nNo documents can be more valuable to the liis-\\ntorian than the reports of these missionaries, which\\nwere written by learned, conscientious and reliable\\nmen, wlio were themselves residents in the colo-\\nnies, and were well acquainted with facts that\\ntranspired under their immediate observation. An\\ninsight into the difficulties, the customs, and tlie\\nspirit of those times is thus furnished, which en-\\nables the writer of history to understand the more\\nreadily the events of a succeeding age, which are\\nbut imperfectly reported in isolated state docu-\\nments.\\nSection 5. John Lederer s Explorations, A.D. 1670.\\nHaving now furnished the reader with such his-\\ntorical facts of a general character, which must\\nnecessarily be known in order to understand cor-\\nrectly the history of the German colonies in the\\nCarolinas, inasmuch as those facts likewise apply\\nto these two provinces, and frequent allusion must\\nbe made to those events, it is time to confine our\\nattention to the principal subject of this history,\\nv^hich is introduced by an account of John Leder-\\ner s explorations. This will afibrd us an insight\\n5", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "50 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ninto the condition of these two provinces before\\nthey were colonized to any extent. This narrative\\nof Lederer s explorations will be none the less\\nwelcome to the reader, when it is remembered that\\nthis early explorer was of the same nation, whose\\nliistory in the Carolinas is made the subject of this\\nvolume.\\nThus the first German that set foot upon the\\nsoil of Carolina was John Lederer, who was sent\\non three diflerent expeditions by Sir William\\nBerkeley, Governor of the Colony of Virginia, to\\nexplore the lands lying south and west of tlie James\\nRiver, during the years 1669 and 1670.\\nFrom his map of the country which he explored,\\nas well as from his journal, we gather the fact that\\nhe passed through North Carolina, and proceeded\\nas far into South Carolina as the Santee River.\\n!N^orth and South Carolina were at that time one\\nprovince, and had passed, but a few years previous,\\nA.D. 1663, by a grant of Charles II, into the hands\\nof several noblemen in England, who were styled\\nThe Lords-Proprietors.\\nAt the time when Lederer made his first explor-\\ning tour, South Carolina was destitute of any white\\nsettlers, whilst the eastern portion of North Caro-\\nlina had been improved by only two small colo-\\nnies, the one on Albemarle Sound, the other on\\nClarendon (now Cape Fear) River. The entire\\ninterior and western part of North Carolina, with\\nthe whole of the territory of South Carolina, con-\\nstituted as yet the undisturbed home of the red\\nman of the forest. However, the same year that", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 51\\nJohn Lederer reached the interior of South Caro-\\nlina, the iirst English colony, under Colonel Wil-\\nliam Sayle as their Gov-ernor, arrived at Port\\nRoyal, near Beaufort, and a few months later\\nlocated themselves, for the convenience of pas-\\nturage and tillage, on tlie banks of the Ashley\\nRiver, and near its mouth hdd the foundation of\\nOld Charlestown, A. D. 1670.\\nLederer was a man of learning. His journal\\nwas written in the Latin language, his map indi-\\ncates a knowledge of geographical calculation,\\nconsidering the circumstances and advantages of\\nthose times, and the difficulties under which he\\nlabored. The translator of his journal. Sir Wil-\\nliam Talbot, Governor of Maryland, also speaks\\nhighlj^ of his literary attainments.\\nConcerning his courageous and enterprising\\ndisposition and the success of his explorations, we\\nmust permit Rev. Dr. Hawks to speak, who in-\\nforms us that John Lederer was a learned Ger-\\nman, who lived in Virginia during the administra-\\ntion of Sir William Berkeley. Little was then\\nknown of the mountainous part of that State, or\\nof what was beyond. Berkeley commissioned\\nLederer to make explorations, and accordingly he\\nwent upon three several expeditions. The first\\nwas from the head of York River due west to the\\nAppalachian Mountains. The second was from\\nthe falls of the James River west and southwest,\\nwhich brought him into Carolina. The third was\\nfrom the falls of the Rappahannock westward to-\\nwards the mountains.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "52 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCertain Englishmen were appointed by Berke-\\nley to accompany him. These, however, forsook\\nhim, and turned back. Lederer proceeded not-\\nwithstanding alone, and on his return to Virginia,\\nwhich, by the way, was never expected, met with\\ninsult and reproaches, instead of the cordial wel-\\ncome to which he was entitled. For this he was\\nindebted to his English companions who had for-\\nsaken him; and so active were they in creating a\\nprejudice against him, that he was not safe among\\nthe people of Virginia, who had been told that the\\npublic taxes of that year had all been expended in\\nhis wanderings.\\nThus it appears that, like Christopher Colum-\\nbus, John Lederer never received that respect and\\ngratitude which was due him by his fellow-citi-\\nzens, though they were greatlyHbenefited by iiis\\nscientific and hazardous exploits. How frequently\\ndoes it happen that to future generations it is left\\nto award tribute of just praise to merit, which an\\nignorant and sellish populace could not appreciate,\\nwho persecute their contemporaries for having ex-\\ncelled their fellow-men in literature, science, or\\nmoral excellence.\\nThe following brief extract from Lederer s jour-\\nnal will aifbrd us a nearer acquaintance with the\\ncharacter and attainments of this worthy and sci-\\nentific German.\\nThe 20th of May, 1670, one Major Harris and\\nmyself, with twenty Christian horse (horsemen)\\nand five Indians, marched from the falls of the\\nJames River, in Virginia, towards the Mouakinsj", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "IN NORTn AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 53\\nand on the 22d we were welcomed by them with\\nvolleys of shot. Near this village we observed a\\npyramid of stones piled np together, which their\\npriests told us was the number of an Indian colony,\\ndrawn out by lot from a neighbor country over-\\npeopled, and led hither by one Monack, from\\nwhom they take the name Monakin. Here, in-\\nquiring the way to the mountains, an ancient man\\ndescribed with a staft two paths on the ground,\\none pointing to the Mahocks, and the other to the\\nNahyssans. But my English companions, slight-\\ning the Indian s directions, shaped their course by\\nthe compass due west; and, therefore, it fell out\\nwith us as it does with those land-crabs, that,\\ncrawling backward in a direct line, avoid not the\\ntrees that stand in their way, but climbiiig over\\ntheir very tops, come down again on the other\\nside, and so after a day s labor gain not above two\\nfeet of ground. Thus we, obstinately pursuing a\\ndue west course, rode over steep and ragged clitis,\\nwhich beat our horses quite off the hoof. In these\\nmountains we wandered from the 25th of May till\\nthe 3d of June, finding very little sustenance for\\nman or horse, as these places are destitute both of\\ngrain and herbage.\\nThe 3d of June we came to the south branch\\nof the James River, which Major Hari is, observ-\\ning to run northwardly, vainly imagined to be an\\narm of the lake of Canada, and was so transported\\nwith this fancy that he would have raised a pillar\\nto the discovery if the fear of the Mahock Indians\\nand want of food had permitted him to stay.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "54 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nHere I moved to cross the river and march on,\\nbut the rest of the company were so wearj^ of the\\nenterprise that, crying out, one and all, they would\\nhave offered violence to me had I not been pro-\\nvided with a private commission from the Gov-\\nernor of Virginia to proceed though the rest of\\nthe company should abandon me, the sight of\\nwhich laid their fury.\\nThe air in these parts was so moist that all\\nour biscuits became mouldy and unfit to be eaten,\\nso that some nicer stomachs, who at our setting\\nout laughed at my provision of Indian corn meal\\nparched, would gladly now have shared with me\\nbut I being determined to go upon further discov-\\neries, refused to part with an} of that which was\\nto be my most necessary sustenance. The 5th of\\nJune my company and I parted good friends, they\\nback again, and I, with one Susquehannah Indian\\nonly, named Jackzetavon, in pursuit of my first\\nenterprise, changing my course from west to\\nsouthwest and by south, to avoid the mountains.\\nMajor Harris, in parting, gave me a gun, believ-\\ning me a lost man, and given up as a prey to In-\\ndians or savage beasts, which made liim the bolder\\nto report strange things in his own praise and my\\ndisparagement, presuming I would never appear\\nto disprove him. This, I suppose, and no other,\\nwas the cause that lie did with so much industry\\nprocure me discredit and odium; but I have lost\\nnothing by it but what I never studied to gain,\\nwhich is popular applause.\\nLederer had several narrow escapes among the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 55\\nIndians; often was lie in danger of losing his life,\\nor of being taken captive; but at other times he\\nwas kindly treated y them, and, on one occasion,\\nthe daughter of one of their Indian kings was\\noffered to him in marriage, which courtesy, how-\\never, he declined, and pursued his exploring jour-\\nney to the close, ending it at Lake Ushery. This\\nlake is supposed to be nothing more tlian a por-\\ntion of the waters of Santee River in South Caro-\\nlina, as we learn from the narrative of Col. Byrd,\\nthat the Indians who were living along the Santee\\nRiver were called Usheries. Be ides,if we presume\\nthat Lederer was in possession of the instruments\\nnecessar} to make correct calculations of degrees\\nof latitude, we are then warranted to conclude,\\nfrom the fac-simile of his map, where the degrees\\nof latitude are noted on the margin, that his travels\\nextended as far south as 33|- degrees, north lati-\\ntude, which would likewise fix the terminus of his\\njourney on or near the banks of the Santee River,\\nand the lake of which he speaks must have been\\none of those immense swamps with which this\\nriver abounds.\\nOn his homeward journey he took another route,\\nand arrived safely in Virginia, where he was re-\\nproached and insulted in such a manner that he\\nwent to Maryland, where he finally succeeded in\\nobtaining a iiearing from the Governor, Sir Wil-\\nliam Talbot, and in submitting his papers to him.\\nThe Governor, though at first mucli prejudiced\\nagainst the man by the stories he liad heard, yet\\nfound him, as he says, a modest, ingenious per-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "56 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nson, and a pretty scholar; and Lederer vindicated\\nliimself with so convincing reason and circum-\\nstance, as Governor Talbot says, that he quite\\nremoved all unfavorable impressions, and the\\ngovernor himself took the trouble to translate his\\njournal from tlie Latin, and published Lederer s\\naccount of his explorations.\\nThe influence that this German explorer exerted\\nby his account of the country he visited must have\\nhnd its effect in the speedy settling of the Carolinas,\\ninducing many of our forefathers to emigrate to\\nthis country, and seek their fortunes in the wilds\\nof America; it is certain that, but ten years later,\\nin 1680, the tide of German emigration to America\\ncommenced its flow; doubtless such men as John\\nLederer, and later, Louis Mitchell, whose journals\\nof explorations were published, contributed greatly\\ntowards producing this happy result, and in mak-\\ning America wealthy in the development of her\\nagricultural resources, when the thrifty farmers of\\nGermany tilled her virgin soil.\\nSection 6. The Dutch colony of Lutherans on James\\nIsland^ South Carolina^ A.D. 1674\\nThe only settlement in South Carolina at this\\nperiod was OUl Charlestown, located on the\\nAshley River, several miles distant from where\\nthe present Charleston now stands. The settlers,\\nwho had been located there but little over three\\nyears, struggled for a name and existence against\\nfamine and other adverse circumstances, when,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 57\\nfortunfitely, during the time Sir John Yeamfins\\nwas governor of Carolina, the colony received\\na great addition to its strength from the Dutch\\nsettlement of Nova Belgia, now New York,\\nwhich province surrendered, as is well known,\\nwithout any resistance, to the armament com-\\nmanded h} Sir Robert Carr, and became subject\\nto the British crown.\\nCharles II donated Nova Belgia to his brother,\\nthe Duke of York, after whom its name was\\nchanged to New York, who governed it with\\nthe same arbitrary principles which afterwards\\nrendered him so obnoxious to the English nation.\\nAfter the conquest many of the Dutch colonists\\nwho were discontented with their situation, had\\nformed resolutions of moving to other provinces.\\nThe proprietors of Carolina oftered them lands and\\nencouragement in their Palatinate, and sent their\\nships, Blessing and Phoenix, which brought a\\nnumber of Dutch families to Charlestown.\\nStephen Bull, surveyor-general of the colony,\\nhad instruction to mark out lands on the south-\\nwest side of Ashley River, viz., on James Island,\\nfor their accommodation. There each of the\\nDutch emigrants drew lots for their property, and\\nfounded a town, which was called Jamestown.\\nThis was the first colony of Dutch who settled\\nin Carolina, whose industry surmounted incredible\\nhardships, and whose success induced many from\\nancient Belgia afterwards to follow them to the\\nWestern world. {HeioaWs Hist, of S. C. and Geo.,\\nvol. i, p. 73.)", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "58 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nWhether these Dutch settlers had their pastor\\nor not, history does not inform us; it is known,\\nhowever, that tliey constituted a distinct chiss\\namong tliose numerous dissenters, who protested\\nagainst that unjust legislation of A.D. 1704, which\\nestablished the Church of England in the two\\nCarolinas as the Church of the State, and sup-\\nported by the public treasury. A full account of\\nthis transaction may not be uninteresting, and ap-\\npears to be necessary for the better understanding\\nof all the facts and circumstances in the case; the\\nfollowing narrative is gathered from various his-\\ntorical works.\\nThe two first acts of the Legislature, which have\\nbeen found in tlie records of the Secretary s office,\\nwere but right and proper. They enjoined the\\nobservance of the Lord s day, conmionl} called\\nSunday, and prohibited sundry gross immoralities,\\nparticularly idleness, drunkenness, and swear-\\ning; thus far the Government aided religion in\\nthe colony. [Ramsay^ s Mist, of S. G, vol. ii, p. 2\\nBoth parts of Carolina were in a deplorable\\nstate as to religion. Such of the inhabitants as\\nwere born, or had grown up to manhood, in Caro-\\nlina, were almost utter strangers to any public\\nworship of the Deit} Among the first emigrants\\nsome sense of religion had been, for a while, pre-\\nserved; but the next generation, reared in a wil-\\nderness in which divine service was hardly ever\\nl)erformed, and where private devotions cannot be\\nsu})posed to have been much attended to, were\\nrather remarkable for loose, licentious principles,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 59\\nand tlie fundamental doctrines of the Christian\\nreligion were often treated with the ridicule of\\nprofessed infidelity. The population of the colony\\nwas composed of individuals of different nations,\\nand consequently of various sects: Scotch Presby-\\nterians, Dutch Lutherans, French Calvinists, Irish\\nCatliolics, English Churchmen, Quakers, and Dis-\\nsenters, emigrants from Bermuda and tlie West\\nIndies, whicli, from their late settlements, could\\nnot be places remarkable for the education of\\nyoung people ill Christianity and morality. [Mar-\\ntbi s Hist, of N. a, vol. i, p. 218.)\\nIn the year 1698, one step farther was taken\\nby an act of the Legislature to settle a mainte-\\nnance on a minister of the Church of England in\\nCharleston. This excited neither suspicion nor\\nalarm among the Dissenters, for the minister in\\nwhose favor the law operated was a worthy, good\\nman and the small sum allowed him was inade-\\nquate to his services. However, the precedent\\nthus set b} the Legislature, being acquiesced in\\nby the people, paved the way for an ecclesiastical\\nestablishment. In the year 1704, when the white\\npopulation of South Carolina was between five\\nand six thousand, when the Episcopalians had\\nonly one church in the province, and the Dis-\\nsenters had three in Charleston, and one in tlie\\ncountiy, the former were so far favored as to ob-\\ntain a legal establishment. Most of the proprietors\\nand public officers of the province, and particu-\\nlarly the Governor, Sir Nathaniel Johnson, were\\nzealouslv attached to the Church of Endand.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "60 THE LUTHEKAN CHURCH\\nBelieving in the current creed of the times, that\\nan established religion was essential to the sup-\\nport of civil government, they concerted measures\\nfor endov^nng the church of the mother country,\\nand advancing it in Carolina to a legal pre-emi-\\nnence. [Ramsay, vol. ii, p. 2.)\\nPreparatory thereto Governor Johnson, as-\\nsisted by the principal officers of the southern\\npart of the province, exerted his influence with\\nso much success, as to procure the election of a\\nsufficient number of Episcopalians, who were dis-\\nposed to forward his views. Notwithstanding the\\ngreat opposition which the bill received, it passed\\ninto law. The southern part of Carolina was di-\\nvided into ten parishes, and provision Avas made\\nfor the support of ministers, the erection of\\nchurches and glebes; and an act was passed re-\\nquiring members of Assembly to conform to the\\nreligious worship in the province, according to\\nthe Church of England, and to receive the sacra-\\nment of the Lord s Supper according to the rites\\nand usages of that Church. {Martin, vol. i, pp.\\n218, 219.)\\nThis act passed the lower house by a majority\\nof only one vote. It virtually excluded from a\\nseat in the Legislature all who were Dissenters,\\nerected an aristocrac}-, and gave a monopoly of\\npower to one sect, though far from being a ma-\\njority of the inhabitants. In this way did Gran-\\nville, one of the Lords-Proprietors, who had thus\\ninstructed the governors of Carolina, expect to\\neffect his purposes of impious bigotry; he, how-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 61\\never, found it very hard work in which he was\\nengaged, to fuse by one act of human legishition\\nall the various dissenting denominations into one\\nlump of piety and orthodoxy. The usual conse-\\nquences followed. Animosities took place and\\nspread in every direction. Moderate men of the\\nfavored church considered the law impolitic and\\nhostile to the prosperity of the province. Dis-\\nsenters of all denominations, both in North and\\nSouth Carolina, made a common cause in endeav-\\noring to obtain its repeal. The inhabitants of\\nColleton, which was chiefly settled by Dissenters,\\ndrew up a statement of their sufferings by .this\\noppressive act, which they transmitted by John\\nAshe, an influential character among them, to lay\\ntheir grievances before the Lords-Proprietors.\\nThe Governor succeeded in preventing this\\ngentleman s obtaining a passage to England in any\\nof the ships in Charleston he was therefore com-\\npelled to travel by land to Virginia, where he em-\\nbarked. On his way he stopped in the county of\\nAlbemarle, where he was received with great re-\\nspect and cordiality, and the people, feeling the\\nsame interest as his constituents in the object of\\nhis mission, prevailed on Edmund Porter to ac-\\ncompany him, in order to aid, by the representa-\\ntions of the people of the northern part of the\\nprovince, the object which the people of Carolina\\nhad much at heart. {Ramsay^ vol. ii, p. 3.)\\nWhen these commissioners from Korth and\\nSouth Carolina arrived in Eno-land, the Palatine", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "62 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nreceived them as the emissaries of their lord-\\nships vassals, with considerable coldness.\\nMr. Ashe, unable to effect the object of liis mis-\\nsion by his representations to the Lords-Proprie-\\ntors, and finding the public sentiment in his favor,\\ndetermined on raising it into action, by a candid\\nrepresentation of the grievances of his constituents;\\nbut death prevented the intended appeal. His\\npapers fell into the hands of those who had an in-\\nterest to suppress the expression of his sentiments.\\nThus was this first efibrt of the people to throw of\u00c2\u00a3\\na galling ecclesiastical yoke frustrated; it proved\\na fajlure for that time.\\nSir Nathaniel Johnson, governor of Carolina,\\nintent upon carrying the Palatine s views into exe-\\ncution, overcame every obstacle in his way. A cor-\\nporation, composed of twenty individuals, was in-\\nstituted, with power to exercise high ecclesiastical\\njurisdiction. Authority w^as given it to deprive\\nministers of their livings, and the acts of the Legis-\\nlature, of which John Ashe had gone to procure\\nthe repeal, were executed with great zeal and\\nrigor. Thus did Lord Granville, a bigoted mem-\\nber of the Church of England, who had instructed\\nGovernor Johnson to establish that church by\\nlegal enactment, eft ect his purpose.\\nThe Dissenters of all denominations were exas-\\ni:)eratcd a migration to Pennsylvania was spoken\\nof, but it was at last determined to send Joseph\\nBoon to England, with a petition to the House of\\nLords. On the introduction to this petition, the\\nHouse, on motion of Lord Granville, the Palatine", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 63\\nof Carolina, beard counsel at its bar, in bebalf of\\ntbe Lords-Proprietors, and, after some debate,\\ncame to a resolution, tbat the laws com[)lained\\nof were founded on falsitj in matter of fact, re-\\npugnant to the laws of England, contrary to the\\ncharter of the Lords-Proprietors, an encourage-\\nment to atheism and irreligion, destructive to\\ntrade, and tended to the ruin and depopulation of\\ntbe province.\\nThe Lords next addressed tbe Queen, beseeching\\nber to use tbe most effectual means to deliver the\\nProvince of Carolina from the arbitrary oppres-\\nsion under whicb it lay, and to order tbe pro-\\nprietors of it to be prosecuted according to law.\\nThe subject was referred to tbe Lords-Commis-\\nsioners of Trade and Plantations, who reported\\nthat tbe facts stated in tbe petition were true;\\nthat the powers granted by tbe charter bad been\\nabused; that the grantees bad incurred a forfeiture\\nof it; and recommended that process might be\\nordered to issue accordingly against their lord-\\nships.\\nTbe Queen s law servants were thereupon di-\\nrected to procure a writ of quo warranto, and to\\nreport what might more effectually be done, in\\norder that tbe Queen might take tbe government\\nof Carolina into her own bands. The matter was,\\nbowever, abandoned, and no step was taken to\\nannul tbe charter, or to relieve tbe people. [Ram-\\nsay, vol. ii, p. 3.)\\nFrom this narrative we learn that our Lutheran\\nbretbren, tbe Dutch colonists of Soutb Carolina", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "64 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\non James Island, likewise suffered severely by this\\nimpious act of human legislation, and that they\\nwere not attached to the principles and usages of\\nthe Church of England, otherwise they never\\nwould have been classed by all historians of the\\ntwo Carolinas among the number of those who\\ndissented from that Church, and protested against\\nits establishment by law.\\nIt may be asked, what reasons we have to con-\\nclude that the Dutch settlers on James Island were\\nmembers of the Lutheran Church? To which we\\nreply, that they are so denominated by all histo-\\nrians who have given us an account of the oppres-\\nsive act instigated by Lord Granville, and carried\\ninto effect by Governor N. Johnson; consequently\\nwe conclude that these settlers from ISTova Belgia\\n(now ISTew York) were mostly, if not all, Lu-\\ntherans. However, should this doubt arise, that\\nEnglishmen were in the habit of denominating\\nGermans as Uukh, thus confounding them with\\nHollanders, and that thus this mistake might very\\neasil} arise, we can safely meet this doubt with\\nthe fact, that at this early period, A. D. 1704, there\\nwere no other Lutheran Protestants, of either Ger-\\nman or Swiss origin, in all the territory of the two\\nCarolinas; the first German emigrants to these\\nprovinces were the Palatines, and they did not\\narrive at Newbern, N. C, until 1709, and in South\\nCarolina about the same time. Every history of\\nthe two provinces, as well as the records in the\\noffice of the Secretary of the State, have been\\nthoroughly examined, and no trace of any other", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 65\\nLutheran colony could be found for this early\\nperiod. The conclusion is, therefore, correct, that\\nthe Dutch Lutherans mentioned are none other\\nthan the Dutch settlers of James Island.\\nThis opinion is contirmed by examining Rev.\\nDr. Schaefter s Early History of the Lutheran\\nChurch in America, in which it will be seen,\\nthat in Holland there were Dutch Lutherans as\\nwell as Dutch Reformed, at this period, and that\\na great many of the Dutch settlers of Nova Belgia\\n(now jSTew York) were of the Lutheran faith, and\\nwere, on that very account, sorely persecuted by\\nGovernor Stuyvesant. Dr. Scliaelfer states, p. G4:\\nThe Lutherans had long been accustomed to\\nmeet in their own dwellings for purposes of social\\ndevotion. Against these meetings, called con-\\nventicles in contempt, Stuyvesant published a\\nfiery proclamation, showed that the Lutherans\\ncould expect no indulgence from him, encouraged\\nthe Dutch Reformed clergy in enforcing their bap-\\ntismal formulary, so obnoxious to the Lutlierans,\\nand continued to punish by fines and imprison-\\nment those who refused submission. Their first\\nminister, the Rev. John Ernest Goetwater, who\\nwas sent to them by the Luthei-au Consistory of\\nAmsterdam, lL)lland, U})on his arrival at N^ew\\nAmsterdam (New York), was cited to a[\u00c2\u00bbpear\\nbefore the civil tribunal, and forbidden to preach,\\nor to hold any Lutheran conventicles; in short,\\nhe was forthwith banished from New Amsterdam\\nand having spent some few weeks in sickness u\\\\\\nthe suburbs of the city, he embai ked, in the montli\\n6", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "66 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof October, and returned to Holland. {Schaeffer,\\np. 65.) Besides, if Rev. Dr. Howe is correct in\\ndating the arrival of the Dutch settlers on James\\nIsland, S. C, as far back as December, 1671, then\\ncertainly these Dutch settlers must all, or nearly\\nall, have been Lutherans, for that was the period\\nwhen they suffered such fierce persecutions from\\nGovernor Stuyvesant, before the reins of his gov-\\nernment had yet passed into the hands of the\\nEnglish, and the Dutch Lutherans were doubtless\\ngreatly rejoiced to have an opportunity of escap-\\ning religious intolerance, by removing to South\\nCarolina in the proprietary government s ships,\\nBles. ^ing and Phoenix: all of which must of neces-\\nsity stand ojiposed to the statement found in Dr.\\nHowe s History of the Presbyterian Church in\\nSouth Cai ohna, p. 86: The Dutch settlers were\\nof the Presbyterian Churcli of HoHand.\\nHistory also informs us of the final fate of this\\nDutch colony as follows: The Dutch inhabitants\\nof Jamestown, on James Island, afterwards find-\\ning their situation too narrow and circumscribed,\\nin process of time spread themselves through the\\ncountry, where they soon lost their individuality\\nby marriage with the other settlers, and their\\ntown was totally deserted. [HeiDcdt, vol. i, p. 73.)\\nWe sometimes meet with traces of Dutch set-\\ntlers in the Carolinas and Georgia at the present\\nday; the} may be su})posed to be the descendants\\nof this early Dutch colony on James Island; tliey\\nthemselves, as well as their surnames, inform us\\nthat tliey are descendants of Dutch ancestr}-, but", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 67\\nthey remember no longer their own colonial his-\\ntory, it being so remote that even tradition has\\nleft them no traces of the same. Many of these\\nare still in full connection with the Lutheran\\nChurch, and retain a strong attachment to her\\ndoctrines and usages.\\nSection 7. The colony of Palatinate and Sioiss Ger-\\nmans in New-Berne^ North Car^olina, A.D. 1710.\\nThat lovely and picturesque portion of Ger-\\nmany, situated on both sides of the river Rhine,\\nattached now to Bavaria and Baden, formed at\\none time the country known in historj- as The\\nPalatinate. Its inhabitants were mostly Protest-\\nants, having early embraced the principles of the\\nReformation, but were compelled to sutler grievous\\npersecutions on account of their religion. In 1622,\\nHeidelberg, the principal city of the Palatinate,\\nwas laid in a heap of smouldering ruins by General\\nTilly, the leader of the 8} anisli armj^ during the\\nthirty years war between the Romanists and the\\nProtestants. In the destruction of this city, the\\nUniversity of Heidelberg was plundered of its\\nimmense library, and presented to Pope Gregory\\nXV. The city was afterwards rebuilt, and re-\\nmained in peace for some time, though deprived\\nof much of its former greatness, until a new\\nsource of tribulation arose, at the time when the\\nProtestant Electoral house became extinct, and a\\n])loody war with France ensue l, which, in 1689,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "68 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nagain reduced almost the entire cit}-, with its\\nbeautiful paLace and gardens, into a heap of ruins.\\nBut tlie cup of cahiniit} and sorrow was not yet\\nfull for the inhabitants of this unfortunate countiw.\\nDuring the War of the Spanisli Succession, a de-\\nscription of which is given in Section 3d, page 37,\\nof this histor} a large number of the inhabitants\\nof tlie Palatinate, without shelter or home, were\\ndriven from their fatherland to seek an asylum\\nin foreign countries. A knowledge of their sad\\ncondition reached England, and attracted the no-\\ntice of that magnanimous and tender-hearted sov-\\nereign. Queen Anne, who invited thousands of\\nthese unfortunate people to the hospitable shores\\nof her realm, where every provision wdiich hu-\\nmanity could devise was made for their welfare.\\nGreat sympathy, says Dr. Hawks, in his His-\\ntory of Korth Carolina, was felt for these poor\\ncreatures, whose sin was Protestantism merely;\\nthe Queen of England, pitying their condition, by\\nher proclamation in 1708, offered them protection\\nin her dominions, and about twelve thousand of\\nthem went to England.\\nNumbers of these exiles, about four thousand\\nat one time, were afterwards sent, with most\\nliberal provisions, to the Province of Xew York,\\nwhere the benevolent Queen made them large\\ngrants of land on the banks of the Hudson River,\\nAvhere the towns of Newbui-g and New Windsor\\nnow stand. Other grants were made, through the\\ninstrumentality of Queen Anne, by the Proprie-\\ntary government, along the banks of the Con-\\ngaree River, in South Carolina,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 69\\nHowever, there were still maii}- of tliese German\\nProtestants remaining in England, too poor to help\\nthemselves, and living upon the charities of the\\nQueen and her benevolent subjects, for whom\\nthere had as yet no provision been made for their\\nemigration to America, when Providence opened\\nanother and a new way before them.\\nBaron Christopher de Gralienreid, a Swiss noble-\\nman from Berne, induced a large number of\\nhis countrymen, about fifteen hundred souls, to\\nmigrate with him to America. Thej^ first landed\\nin England, and whilst thei e the Baron met with\\nLouis Mitchell in the city of London, who had been\\nto America, had spent a number of years on that\\ncontinent, and was well acquainted with the coun-\\ntry; he had been sent over hx tlie Canton of\\nBerne as an exploring agent, in order to search\\nfor a large and vacant tract of land, suitable for\\na colony, either in Pennsylvania, Virginia, or\\nCarolina. These two gentlemen, acting in con-\\ncert, determined to accept of the fair proposals of\\nthe Lords-Proprietors, and settle their colony in\\nCarolina. They accordingly purchased ten thou-\\nsand acres from tlieir lordships, which they were\\npermitted to locate in one body, on or between\\nthe Neuse and Cape Fear Rivers, or any of their\\ntributaries. They paid twenty sliillings sterling\\nfor each hundred acres, and bound themselves to\\na quit-rent of the sum of sixpence 3 early for every\\nliundred. It was also agreed that instruction\\nshould be given to the surveyor-general to lay ofi:\\nin addition one hundred thousand acres, to be re-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "70 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nserved for them twelve years. De Graffenreid\\nwas til en made and declared a landgrave.\\nIt now occurred to the good Queen of England\\nthat this would be a favorable opportunity to plant\\nanother colony of lier adopted German Palatines\\nin her transatlantic dominions, which plan was\\n80 satisfactory tliat it met with favor on all sides.\\nOn the one hand, the Queen was thereby relieving\\nherself of the support of these poor Germans, for\\nwhom she had appointed commissioners to collect\\nmoney, and thus provide speedily for their perma-\\nnent settlement, besides increasing the strength of\\nher American colonies. On the other hand, these\\nGermans themselves, trained to habits of industry\\nand economy, could but rejoice at the prospect of\\nso soon occupying thuir own homes, and tilling\\ntheir own fruitful lands, dependent no longer upon\\nthe charities of the benevolent. The Lords-Pro-\\nprietors could, of course, make no objection, as it\\nwas their interest to have Carolina peopled with\\nfrugal and industrious citizens and De Grafien-\\nreid and Mitchell were glad enough to obtain ten-\\nants for their lands, which could l)ut enhance the\\nvalue thereof; and, inasmuch as the Swiss emi-\\ngrants were also Germans, speaking the same lan-\\nguage with the Palatines, there could be no con-\\nflicting interests between them and this addition\\nof settlers could only increase the safety and pros-\\nperity of the new colony.\\nA negotiation, therefore, was entered into be-\\ntween the Queen s commissioners, the Swiss leaders\\nof the colony, and the Lords-Prt)prietors. Their", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 71\\narticles of agreement were soon written and signed,\\na copy of wliieli may be seen in Hawks Histor^^\\nfrom which we learn tliat the number of German\\nPalatines who emigrated with De Graffenreid and\\nMitchell amounted to six hundred and lifty, filling\\ntwo vessels; and that the most liberal provisions\\nwere made for them by their English friends, who\\nbound their leaders to the most far-sighted pledges\\nin the contract for their comfort and prosperity.\\nTwo hundred and fifty acres of land were to be\\ngiven them for five years without remuneration,\\nafter which the} were to pay an annual rent of two-\\npence per aci e; besides, implements ibr agriculture\\nand building were to be furnished them gratui-\\ntously by De Graffenreid and Mitchell; to be also\\nsupplied with cattle, hogs and shec}), which were\\nnot to be paid for until seven years after i-eceiving\\nthem; and for twelvemonths after their arrival\\nthey were to be su[)})lied with necessaiy food for\\nthemselves and families, which, likewise, was not\\nto be paid for until the end of tlie second year\\nafter their arrival. The commissioners, on their\\npart, agreed to give each colonist, young and old,\\ntwenty shillings sterling in clothes and money,\\nand to pay De Graffenreid and Mitchell \u00c2\u00a35 lO.s.\\nsterling a head for transportation.\\nIll the month of December, 1710, these Swiss\\nand Palatine settlers, with their leaders, landed\\nsafely at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent\\nRivers in North Carolina, where they built a town,\\nwhich they named New-Berne, after the capital\\ncity of Switzerland, of which De Graflenreid and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "72 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nMitchell and the mnjority of the colonists were\\nnatives. The troubles of a long and tedious voy-\\nage across the Atlantic were now over; these poor\\nGermans had at last found a home, and here coukl\\nthey Avorship God according to the doctrines and\\nusages of their own Protestant religion, thanking\\ntlieir Almighty Preserver that they were safely\\nbe3H)nd the reac^h of all Roman Catholic sovereigns.\\nIn the year 1711, not many months after the ar-\\nrival of the De Gratt enreid colon}-, a dreadful In-\\ndian war broke out, brought on b} the agency of\\ntwo miserable white men, Carey and John Porter,\\nwhose turbulent ambition did not permit them to\\nsubmit to the authorized and lawful government\\nof Hyde Carey, having determined to take the\\nrule out of the hands of Governor Hyde, and to\\nact in that capacity himself, but being unsuccess-\\nful in his attempt, resorted with his friends to the\\nbase and fiendish measure of stirring up the Tus-\\ncarora Indians to cut ofl all the inhabitants of\\nthat part of Carolina that adhered to Mr. Hyde.\\nFor this pur[)Ose Carey dispatched his tViend, John\\nPorter, to those Indians, numbering twelve hun-\\ndred fencible men, promising them great rewards\\nfor the accomplishment of this bloody deed.\\nThe white settlers had all this while lived on\\nthe most friendly terms with the Indians, and if\\nany case of disturbance among individuals occurred\\noccasional!}^, it was soon amicably settled by the\\nhiw, to which both parties had recourse, and was\\nequitable enough on both sides. The Indians were\\nfrequently em})loyed by the whites as domestics.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 73\\nwithout any suspicion or alarm, they having in-\\ngress and egress to and from the dwellings of the\\nwhites. At length the appointed day of slaughter\\ncame. Twelve hundred Tuscaroras, separated into\\nnumerous small divisions, entered on their secret\\nmarch. N^o outward manifestations of hostility\\nwere to be seen individuals were sent among the\\nwhites to reconnoitre, and, as usual, entered the\\nhouses of their doomed victims as friends. As\\nnight approached, large numbers appeared, as if\\nseeking provisions; but still not in such quantities\\ndid they show themselves as to beget alarm.\\nAt the dawn of day they impatiently waited\\nfor sunrise, which was the preconcerted signal for\\nthe simultaneous butchery. As soon as it arrived,\\nthose in the houses of the whites, and scarce a\\nhabitation in any settlement of the province was\\nat that moment without them, gave a whoop,\\nwhich was instantly responded to by their com-\\npanions lurking in the adjacent woods, and the\\nfrightful work of blood began.\\nThe slaughter was indiscriminate, and the\\nwonder is that any white person escaped. Gray-\\nhaired age, and vigorous manhood, and childhood s\\nhelplessness, all fared alike. One hundred and\\nthirty victims were butchered in the settlements\\non Roanoke. The Swiss and Palatines around New-\\nbeim, to the number of sixty or more, were murdered.\\nThe poor Huguenots of Bath and its vicinity, to\\nwhat number we know not, fell under the knife\\nor the tomahawk. Happy he who could hide him-\\nself, or escape from the scene of horror. But soon\\n7", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "74 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe torch was applied to the (Uvelling and store-\\nhouse alike, and the concealed were forced from\\ntheir hiding-places.\\nThe incarnate fiends, with loud yells, then\\nmarched in their several divisions through the\\nforests to a common centre previously designated,\\nand, infuriated now by drunkenness, staggered on\\ntheir bloody man-hunt for the few whites, who had\\nescaped the desolation of their habitations. They\\nformed new parties, and scoured the country north\\nof Albemarle as far westward as the Chowan. The\\ncarnage lasted for three days, and terminated at\\nlast from the disability produced in the savage by\\nthe combined effect of drunkenness and fatigue.\\nThe few colonists who had escaped slaughter, avail-\\ning themselves of the forced suspension of whole-\\nsale murder, gathered together as they could with\\ntheir arms, and stunned by the blow they had re-\\nceived, attempted at first nothing more than to\\ncollect the women and children, and guard them\\nnight and day until time would enable them to\\nconcert other measures. (Uaivks Hist, of N. C,\\nvol. ii, pp. 530-532.)\\nA few days previous to this general massacre.\\nBaron De Graffenreid and the surveyor-general,\\nLawson, with a negro servant belonging to the\\nBaron, ascended the river Neuse in a boat for the\\npurpose of inspecting the lands and make further\\nexplorations. Not dreaming of Indian hostilities\\nthey expected to spend the first night at an Indian\\nvillage named Corutra; but finding that several\\nIndians whom they had met were armed, the} did", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 75\\nnot like the appearance of these things, and de-\\ntermined to sail up the river; but as tliey made\\nfor tlieir boat they were seized by the Indians, and\\nwere led the next day to a council purposely con-\\nvened but might have been liberated, as the coun-\\ncil was dissolved without any apparent decision,\\nhad not an Indian who understood a little English,\\nand listened to their conversation, told a falsehood\\nagainst them, which so exasperated the others\\nthat they at once executed the negro in a manner\\nnot known, and poor Lawson was inhumanly\\nmurdered by having sharp pine splinters inserted\\nin his flesh, which were then set on tire. De\\nGrafl enreid escaped by stating he was King of\\nthe German Palatines, and demanded of them by\\nwhat authority they could put a king to death,\\nespecially as he had committed no oftence towards\\nthem. His life was accordingly spared, though he\\nwas still kept in custody.\\nThis massacre, as a necessary consequence, led\\nto a war with the Indians in North Carolina, in\\nwhich the Palatines were obliged to remain neu-\\ntral, as De Graftenreid had obtained his liberty\\nby a treaty of neutrality with such of the savages\\nwho were in arms. The principal terms of the\\ntreaty were, that he and his Palatines on the one\\nhand, and the Tuscarora and Core Indians on the\\nother, should preserve friendship towards each\\nother; that in the existing war with the English\\nthe Palatines should remain neutral, and that the\\nBaron should take up no land without the consent\\nof the Indians.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "76 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThe Baron adhered strictly to the terms of tliis\\ntreaty, wliich was, of course, not agreeable to the\\nwhites in general, but which was, nevertheless, of\\ngreat advantage to the province, as it afforded,\\nhim an opportunity, which he improved at the\\nconstant risk of his life, to discover and commu-\\nnicate to the whites all the Indians plans. This\\nneutrality alone probably saved the remnant of\\nthe settlement at what is now Newberne from\\nutter extermination. The danger of discovery,\\nhowever, was so constant and so great, that the\\nBaron would gladly have removed with his Pala-\\ntines to Virginia. (Hawks, vol. ii, p. 536.)\\nShortly afterwards the settlers received aid from\\nSouth Carolina against these relentless savages.\\nColonel Barnwell, with a detachment of the mili-\\ntia and friendly Yemassee Indians, was sent to\\nattack these hostile savages, who were so much\\nreduced by the loss in killed, wounded, and pris-\\noners, that they caused the whites but little trou-\\nble afterwards, and soon removed to other parts,\\nwhen the colony began once more to flourish\\nthrough the benign influence of peace.\\nBaron De Graffenreid having had a bitter expe-\\nrience of Indian treatment, in which his life was\\nin constant jeopardj resolved to return to his\\nnative country, Switzerland. He, however, left\\nthe German Palatines, who were alreadj^ suffi-\\nciently impoverished by the Indian war, in a most\\ndestitute condition, by withholding their titles to\\ntheir lands, and contrary to the stipulations of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 77\\ncontract made between himself and the London\\ncommissioners appointed by Queen Anne.\\nWilliamson, in his History of North Carolina,\\nstates that these poor Germans were looked upon\\nby the Swiss gentlemen as mere objects of specu-\\nlation, and that De Graftenreid mortgaged their\\nlands to Colonel Pollock in order to satisfy a debt\\nwhich he had incurred. Dr. Hawks, however,\\nfrees Louis Mitchell from all blame in this matter,\\nsince the power of making titles was not vested\\nin him. Whether the Baron ever returned to\\nAmerica, or permitted his family to remain here\\nwhilst he visited his native country, or whether\\nafter all his family had departed from America,\\nsome again sought a home in Carolina, is not re-\\nlated; but it is well known that his descendants\\nare still residing in different portions of Carolina.\\nThe last resource left to these German Palatines\\nwas to send a petition to the council, dated IsTovem-\\nber 6th, 1714, in which they stated that they were\\ndisappointed of their lands, c,, which were to\\nbe provided for them, and petitioned that each\\nfamily might have permission to take np four\\nhundred acres of land, and have two 3 ears time\\nof payment allowed them. The council granted\\ntheir petition, and represented their case to the\\nLords-Proprietors, from whom they doubtless re-\\nceived everj- aid and encouragement which could\\nbe afforded them.\\nIt would require very patient and toilsome re-\\nsearch among the unpublished archives of Europe\\nin order to answer the question positively, to what", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "78 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nreligious denoynination these Sioiss and Palatinate Ger-\\nmans at Neioberne professed themselves. All the\\nhistorians of North Carolina are silent on this\\nsubject. However, let us not overlook such au-\\nthorities which are within our reach even in this\\ncountry.\\nThe present, as well as the former religious con-\\ndition of Switzerland is well known. The popu-\\nlation is divided into the Roman Catholic, the Re-\\nformed, and the Lutheran Churches. The emi-\\ngrants from that country to Newberne were\\ndoubtless all Protestants, inasmuch as the} were\\nbrought over by Protestant leaders, and soon after\\ntheir arrival in ISTorth Carolina connected them-\\nselves with a Protestant Church. The majority of\\nthem were most likely members of the Reformed\\nChurch, so supposed,because the Reformed Church\\nis the strongest Protestant denomination in Swit-\\nzerland.\\nThe German Palatines were all Protestants, inas-\\nmuch as, on account of this sm, as Dr. Hawks\\nironically expresses it, they suffered such grievous\\npersecutions, and were forced to flee from their\\nnative country to seek an asylum in England.\\nThat the greater number of Palatines were Lu-\\ntherans may safely be presumed from the exten-\\nsive history of Lutheranism by Seckendorff, we\\nlearn that Lutheranism made rapid progress in the\\nPalatinate at the time of the Re^formation, and\\nthat it had greatly prevailed in that country dur-\\ning tiie seventeenth centuiy, which was the time\\ninimediatelj^ preceding the departure of these", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 79\\nsettlers from their native coiintr3\\\\ Seckendorff\\nwrote his history but twenty-four years previous\\nto the last Protestant exodus from the Palatinate.\\nIn connection with this fact we have the addi-\\ntional proof, that the most of those twelve thousand\\nPalatine Germans, who fled to England to enjoy\\nQneen Anne s protection, and who settled in New\\nYork and other provinces, were members of the\\nLutheran Cliurch, and it is but reasonable to con-\\nclude that their brethren in North Carolina were\\nof the same faith with themselves.\\nThe story of their religion in their newlj adopted\\ncountry is soon told, which may be gathered from\\nthe correspondence between De Grafienreid and\\nthe Bishop of London, published iu Hawks His-\\ntory, and reads as follows\\nMy Good and Excellent Lord:\\nThe misfortune I met with in ail being unexpect-\\nedly hurried away from London to New Castle to\\nmeet my Swissers, in order to transport them into\\nNorth Carolina after those six hundred and fifty\\nPalatines I had sent before, which unlooked-for arri-\\nval of them so far north, gave me notice to pay ray\\nduty to your lordship, whom then, I was told, was\\nneither in London nor at Fulham, I can assure your\\nlordship no person of any rank is unacquainted with\\nthat great and good character your lordship has and\\nmerits. So I can make no excuse on that behalf, but\\nheartily beg pardon, and at the same time humbly\\nrequest your lordship to accept of me and my -people,\\nand receive us into your Church under your lordship^s\\npatronage, and we shall esteem ourselves happy sons", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "80 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof a better stock, and, I hope, shall always behave\\nourselves as becomes members of the Church of Eng-\\nland, and dutiful children of so pious and indulgent a\\nfather as your lordship is to all under j^our care, in\\nall obedience. Craving your lordship s blessing to me\\nand my countrymen here, I make bold to subscribe,\\nMy lord, 3 ours, c.,\\nC. DE Graffenreid.\\nThe answer of tlie Bisliop of London to this\\nepistle is contained in a letter to the Secretary, an\\nextract of which is furnished us bj^ Dr. Hawks.\\nFuLHAM, 12th January, 1711-12.\\nSir:\\nAs to the letter of Baron Graffenreid, wherebj^\\nyou may perceive that they are all ready to conform\\nto the Church of England if the Society Avill be\\npleased to allow a stipend for a chaplain to read\\nCommon Prayers in High Dutch (German), I will\\nendeavor to pi ovide one so soon as I have their reso-\\nlution, which I would willingly hear so soon as pos-\\nsible, that I may send him over with Mr. Rainsford.\\nI am, sir, j^ours, c.,\\nH. London.\\nIt is presumed tliat the bisliop was successful\\nin sending to tliis German and Swiss colony a\\nclergyman of the English Church, who could\\nminister to them in their native language, and\\nthus these German Protestants glided gradually\\ninto the Episcopal Church. They may have been\\ninduced to take this step from the following mo-\\ntives they had no pastor of their own faith, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 81\\ntlins were destitute of the means of grace; they\\nhad been kindly treated by tlie Englisii sovereign\\nand her people, and a feeling of gratitude for\\ntheir benefactors led them to think very favorably\\nof the religions faith of the English people and\\nfurthermore, the Church of England was the\\nestablished religion in the Carolinas.\\nSome of the names of these Germans are still\\non record; in the list of jurymen, in Craven pre-\\ncinct, dated 1723, we find, among others, the follow-\\ning nndonbted German names: Christian Eslar,\\nChristian Slaver, John Lecher Miller, Jacob Miller,\\nMatthew Rasenober, John Dipp, John Simons,\\nHenry Perk, Henry Perlerbo, John Wixedell,\\nMichael Resabel, and Martin Franke. An old\\ndocument, signed by the Palatines, says Dr.\\nHawlcs, gives us the following German names,\\nyet familiar in Craven and the adjacent counties:\\nEslar (now Isler), Grum (Croom), Rennege, Mohr\\n(Moore), Eibach (Hypock), Morris, and a number\\nof others. Of the Swiss, we find Coxdaille (Cog-\\ndell), from whom, on the maternal side, descend\\nthe North Carolina branch of the families of Stanly\\nand Badger.\\nSection 8. Tlie German settlers in Charleston^ S. G.\\nWe will now direct our attention to one more\\nGerman settlement along the seacoast, whose\\nhistory must not be omitted, and then we will\\nturn our faces inland. James Island, S. C, oppo-\\nsite Charleston, has had our attention New-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "82 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nberne, IST. C, came next; no settlement of any\\nnote was as yet established along the Cape Fear\\nRiver, and Wilmington, N. C, had no existence\\nat that early date; but Charleston, the principal\\nseaport of the Carolinas, was a flourishing town,\\nand commanded a considerable share of the emi-\\ngration to America; and the Germans, who sought\\nand found a habitation in so many parts of Amer-\\nica, during the commencement of the eighteenth\\ncentury, also found a home in this locality. We\\nhave a few facts upon which we can build a very\\nsafe conclusion as to the probable date of the ar-\\nrival of German settlers in Charleston, but no\\ndirect testimony has as yet been discovered, in\\nwhich the year and day of their landing is men-\\ntioned.\\nQueen Anne of England caused lands to be do-\\nnated in the Province of South Carolina to the\\nGerman refugees from the Palatinate, as Dr. Haze-\\nlius informs us in his History, p. 25; this must\\nhave been done before the 31st of July, 1714,\\nwhen her majesty departed this life. And we ask,\\nwould this grant have been made if there were\\nno German Palatines remaining in her realm, or\\nexpected soon to arrive, for whom this location\\nwas provided? Or, is it likely that none of these\\nPalatine Germans came to the port of (!harles-\\nton, when thoy were landed at the seaports of\\nother provinces in America, especially as an abun-\\ndance of land in the Province of South Carolina\\nwas provided for them, and in order to reach the\\nlocality ot that grant the} had to be landed in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 83\\nCharleston, even though they did not occupy, at\\nthat time, the Lands of that grant, as we are in-\\nformed by Dr. Hazelius?\\nThe colony of the pious Salzburgers, with their\\npastors, Bolzius and Gronau, landed first at Char-\\nleston in the early part of March, 1734, before\\ntheir arrival at Ebenezer, Georgia; and in Rev.\\nBolzius journal, found in Force s Collection of\\nHistorical Tracts, Ave have the following state-\\nment, dated Charleston, March 7tli, 1734: We\\nfound here some Germans, who were very glad\\nof our arrival, and will come to us, in order to\\nreceive the sacrament.\\nNext comes the statement of Strobel s History\\nof the Salzburgers, p. 59 Remaining in Charles-\\nton a few days, the Salzburgers re-embarked on\\nthe 9th day of March.\\nIn Urlsperger s Nachrichten, Rev. Bolzius gives\\nns a lengthy account of his visit to Charleston, in\\ncompany with Baron Von Reck, in the following\\nMay; he arrived there on the 23d of May, 1734,\\nand left again for his home in Ebenezer, Ma} 26th.\\nHere we have the following record: A certain\\nglazier and his wife, who are from, the Palatinate,\\nwent with us to the Holy Sapper, and manifested\\ngreat attention and earnestness; their love for the\\nword of God and the lioly sacraments is so great,\\nthat they are determined to remain no longer in\\nCharleston, and have concluded to remove to\\nEhenezer as soon as possible. They have many\\nchildren, which will enlarge our small school.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "84 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nBoth these parents will be very useful to us in our\\nhouse arrangements.\\nThe above records settle the matter conclu-\\nsively, that tliere 2Dere Germans residing in Char-\\nleston previous to the early part of 1734; that\\nthey were then sufhciently numerous to have the\\nword of God preached to them, and to enjoy a\\ncommunion season and that some of them were\\nfrom the Palatinate.\\nBut how far back we are to date their arrival\\nin Charleston is uncertain the}- could not have\\nsettled there before 1708, as the exodus of Palat-\\ninate refusrees into Ens-land did not take place\\nuntil that time, and after the Queen s proclama-\\ntion, inviting them to the hospitalities of her\\nrealm; and they certainly were living there in\\n1734.\\nThese Germans did not occupy the lands granted\\nthem along the Congaree River, and for a very\\ngood reason those lands were located too far in-\\nland for that period of time, being about one hun-\\ndred miles remote from Charleston that location\\nwould have been an unsafe dwelling-place at the\\ntime, for even Orangeburg Countj was not much\\nsettled until 1735, and that locality is much nearer\\nthe seaboard than the Saxe-Gotha grant on the\\nCongaree River. The presumption then is, that\\nwhen the Palatine Germans arrived at Charleston,\\nthey remained there and in the vicinity.\\nA number of Germans having thus located them-\\nselves in Charleston, and their wants having be-\\ncome known to the pastors of the Salzburg colony", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 85\\nas they passed throiigli to Ebeiiezer, these lioly\\nmen resolved to do something for the spiritual\\nwelfare of their beloved brethren of the same faith\\nin this town. Accordingly, on the 23d of May,\\n1734, Rev. Bolzius accompanied Baron Von Reck,\\nLord Commissary of the Ebenezer colony, as far\\nas Charleston, on his return to Europe, where they\\nremained a few days; and from Rev. Bolzius\\njournal we quote the following account of the first\\ncommunion administered there among the Ger-\\nmans.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0May 23, 173^. We w^ere informed in Savannah\\nwhere we could best lodge in Charleston, and we\\nlikewise found very friendly people in the hotel,\\nwith many accommodations there for reasonable\\ncharo-es. Several Germans of our Evangelical\\nConfession mentioned to me and our Commissary\\ntheir desire to commune at the Lord s table, for\\nwhich they have had a great longing for a long\\ntime. I therefore determined to remain here over\\nSunday, and prepare the people from the word of\\nGod for this solemn exercise.\\nMay 25. Many persons of distinction in this\\nplace showed us great attention, and constrained\\nus to dine and sup with them, whicli we would\\nrather decline, as in so doing we would be sub-\\njected to many dissipations of mind and heart.\\nTo-day those persons came to me, who had uoti-\\nlied their intention to commune, in order that I\\nmight hold some scriptural conversation with\\nthem; as far as time and opportunity permitted,\\nI discoursed with them on the importance and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "86 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbenefit of the Holy Supper, as well as the require-\\nments of true Christianity. We deemed it advis-\\nable that, as those persons would hear us but once\\nor twice, to press home upon their hearts the most\\nneedful truths, and to instil upon their memory\\nthe oi der of salvation, together with several im-\\nportant Scripture passages.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Mail 26. This day a fine opportunity presented\\nitself for me to return, and arrive at Ebenezer in\\na few days, consequentlj I was compelled to leave\\nCharleston to-day. I therefore assembled the com-\\nmunicants early, at 5 a.m., when we all sang sev-\\neral hymns, and I discoursed upon some of the\\nimportant and practical truths from the gospel of\\nto-day. After sermon we all fell upon our knees,\\nand the Lord Commissary prayed very fervently\\nto God in the name of the whole congregation.\\nAfter the absolution and the celebration of the\\nLord s Supper, I prepared myself for the home-\\nward journey. It v/as very remarkable to me,\\nthat a certain German shoemaker had also noti-\\nfied himself as being desirous to commune, but he\\ncame to my room after the services were ended,\\nbecause, as he remarked, the house where I lodged\\nhad been locked. Afterwards I learned that this\\nvery man was a drinking character, who associ-\\nated himself with low company, but which I could\\nneither discover in his outward appearance, nor\\nfrom his conversation, and had presumed something\\ngood of him in my short intercourse with him; I\\nwas, therefore, rejoiced that he was prevented\\nfrom coming to the table of the Lord. A certain", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 87\\nglazier and his wife, who are from the Pahitiiiate,\\nwent with ns to the Holy Supper, and manifested\\ngreat attention and earnestness; tlieir love for the\\nwo.rd of God and the holy sacraments is so great\\nthat thej^ are determined to i-emain no longer in\\nCliarleston, and have conclnded to remove to\\nEhenezer as soon as possible. They have many\\nchildren, which will enlarge our small school.\\nBotli these persons will be very useful to us in our\\nhouse arrangements.\\nIn 1742 the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg,\\nD.D., visited Charleston he had been sent from\\nthe Mission Society of Ilalle, in Germany, to labor\\nin Pennsylvania, but it was made his duty first to\\nvisit the colony at Ehenezer, Georgia, and landed\\nat Charleston on 21st of September, where he re-\\nmained but three days, and then proceeded to\\nEhenezer.\\nRev. Dr. Muhlenberg did not remain long with\\nthe pastors of the Salzburg colony, and, as soon as\\nhe had somewhat refreshed and strengthened him-\\nself from the eft ects of his perilous and wearisome\\nvoyage to America, he returned to Charleston in\\ncompany with Rev. Bolzius, who had intended to\\naccompany him to Philadelphia, and there induct\\nhim into his office; however, as no vessel was ex-\\npected to sail from Charleston to Philadelpha for\\nseveral months. Rev. Bolzius, after having remained\\na few days, returned to his own field of labor in\\nEhenezer.\\nRev. Muhlenberg was a man of no idle habits,\\nand, from the time of this, his second arrival in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "88 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCharleston, October 20th, 1742, whilst waiting for\\nan opportunity to reach his destined field of labor,\\nto November 12th of the same year, when he set\\nsail in a very small and frail vessel for Philadel-\\nphia, he employed himself in laboring for the\\nspiritual welfare of the Germans in Charleston.\\nDuring his stay he made his home in the family\\nof a painter, named Theus, the brother of a Ger-\\nman Reformed minister, who labored in Saxe-\\nGotha, South Carolina, along the Congaree River.\\nOn Sundays Dr. Muhlenberg preached to several\\nGerman families that had congregated themselves\\nin Mr. Theus house, and during the other days\\nof the week he catechized their children, who were\\nthus instructed in all the principles of the Christian\\nreligion, according to this excellent and ancient\\ncustom.\\nEleven years later, A.D. 1753, the Revs. Chris-\\ntian Rabenhorst and M. Gerock, A.M., arrived at\\nCharleston, upon the same vessel, from Germany,\\non their way to their respective fields of labor;\\nthe former having been appointed by the Society\\nfor Promoting Christian Knowledge in Foreign\\nParts as the third pastor at Ebenezer, and the\\nlatter, as the Lutheran pastor in Lancaster, Penna.\\nboth of these ministers labored a short time in\\nCharleston whilst they tarried there.\\nSection 9. The Swiss colony at Parysburg^ 8. C,\\nA.D. 1732.\\nLi Beaufort County, S. C, some thirty miles\\ninland from the seacoast, and situated on the east", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 89\\nbnnk of tlie Savannah Riv^er, there was once a\\nflourishing German town and colony, named\\nPurjsburg. The inhabitants came from Switzer-\\nland, and under circumstances very similar to\\nthose of the settlers of Newberne, N. C. for,\\nwhat De Graffenreid and Mitchell were to the\\ncolon} on the confluence of the Xeuse and Trent\\nRivers, that Purry, Richard, Meuron, and Ray-\\nmond were to the Swiss settlers on the east side\\nof the Savannah River.\\nIn the year 1731, John Peter Parry, of Ncuf-\\nchatel, in Switzerland, formerly a Director-Gen-\\neral of the French East-India Company, having\\nformed the design of leaving his native country,\\npaid a visit to Carolina in order to inform himself\\nof the circumstances and situation of that province.\\nAfter viewing the lands, and satisfying his own\\nmind, by means of personal observation, of the\\nfertility of the soil, eligibility as to climate and\\nsituation for a settlement of his countrymen, he\\nreturned to Britain. The government there en-\\ntered into a contract with him, and ao-reed to o:ive\\nhim lands, and four hundred pounds sterling for\\nevery hundred eft ective men he could transport\\nfrom Switzerland to Carolina. (31iUs SUdisiics of\\nSouth Carolina, page 369.)\\nWhilst Mr. Purry was in Charleston, he drew up\\nthe following flattering account of the soil and cli-\\nmate of South Carolina, and of the excellency and\\nfreedom of the provincial government, and on his\\nreturn to Switzerland published it among the\\npeople. It reads as follows", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "90 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nProposals by Mr. Peter Purry, of Neufchatel, for the\\nencouragement of such swiss protestants as should\\nagree to accompany him to carolina, to settle a\\nnew colony.\\nThere are only two methods, viz.: one for\\npersons to go as servants, the other to settle on\\ntheir own account.\\n1. Those who are desirous to go as servants\\nmust be carpenters, vine-planters, husbandmen, or\\ngood laborers.\\n2. They must be such as are not very poor,\\nbut in a condition to carry with them what is suf-\\nficient to support their common necessity.\\n3. They must have at least three or four good\\nshirts, and a suit of clothes each.\\n4. They are to have each for their wages one\\nhundred livres yearly, which make fifty crowns of\\nthe money of Neufch4tel, in Switzerland, but their\\nwages are not to commence till the day of their\\narrival in Carolina.\\n5. Expert carpenters shall have suitable en-\\ncouragement.\\n6. The time of their contract shall be three\\nyears, reckoning from the day of their arrival in\\nthat country.\\n7. They shall be supplied in j^ ^^rt of their\\nwages with money to come from Switzerland, till\\nthey embark for Carolina.\\n8. Their wages shall be paid them regularly\\nat the end of every year for security whereof they\\nshall have the fruits of their labor, and generally", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 91\\nall that can be procured for them, whether mova-\\nbles or immovables.\\n9. Victuals and lodgings from the day of their\\nembarkation shall not be put to their account, nor\\ntheir passage by sea.\\n10. They shall have what money they want\\nadvanced during the term of their service in part\\nof their wages to bu} linen, clothes, and all other\\nnecessaries.\\n11. If they happen to fall sick, they shall be\\nlodged and nourished gratis, but their wages shall\\nnot go on during their illness, or that they are not\\nable to work.\\n12. They shall serve, after recovery, the time\\nthey had lost during their sickness.\\n13. What goes to pay physicians or surgeons\\nshall be put to their account.\\nAs to those who go to settle on their own ac-\\ncount, they must have at least fifty crowns each,\\nbecause their passage hy sea and victuals will cost\\nthem twenty to twenty-five crowns, and the rest\\nof the money shall go to procure divers things\\nwhich will be absolutely necessary for the voyage.\\n[CarroWs Collections, vol. ii, pp. 121, ct seq.)\\nHere follows also, from the same author\\nA Description of the Province of South Carolina.\\nDrawn up at Charles-town, in September, 1731.\\nThe King of Great Britain having about three\\nyears ago purchased this province of the Lords-\\nProprietors thereof, has since studied to make", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "92 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nagncultnre, commerce, and navigation flonrisli in\\nit. His Majest} immediately nominated Colonel\\nJohnson, a worthy gentleman, to be Governor\\nthereof; who, at his departure for Carolina, re-\\nceived divers orders and instructions, c. His\\nMajesty further grants to every European servant,\\nwhether man or woman, iift}^ acres of land free of\\nall rents for ten j^ears, which shall be distributed\\nto them after having served their master for the\\ntime agreed on.\\nIn consequence of these instructions, Mr. Purry\\nwas permitted to go and choose on the borders of\\nthe river Savannah land proper to build the town\\nof Purysburg upon; and having found it such as\\nhe wished, the government made him a grant\\nthereof under the great seal of the Province, dated\\n1st September, 1731, and at the same time pub-\\nlished throughout the whole countrj^a prohibition\\nto all sorts of persons to go and settle on the said\\nland, which is already called the Swiss Quarter.\\nIn order to facilitate the execution of this\\nundertaking in the best manner, the Assembly\\ngranted to the said Mr. Purry four hundred pounds\\nsterling, and i)rovisions sufficient for the mainte-\\nnance of three hundred persons for one year, pro-\\nvided tliey be all persons of good repute and Swiss\\nProtestants, and that they come to Carolina within\\nthe s[)ace of two years.\\nThe river Savannah is one of the finest in all\\nCarolina, the water good, and stored with excellent\\nfish. It is about the largeness of the Khine, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 93\\nthere are two forts already built upon it, which\\nthe Indians have never dared to attack,\\nThe town of Purysburg will be situated thirty\\nmiles from the sea, and about seven miles from\\nthe highest tide. The land about it is a most de-\\nlightful plain, and the greatest part very good\\nsoil, especially for pasturage, and the rest proper\\nenough for some productions. It was formerly\\ncalled the great Yemassee Port, and is esteemed\\nby the inhabitants of the Province the best place\\nin all Carolina, although never yet possessed but\\nby the Indians, who were driven from thence by\\nthe English several years ago, and have never\\ndared to return thither. All sorts of trees and\\nplants will grow there as well as can be wished,\\nparticularly vines, wheat, barley, oats, pease, beans,\\nhemp, flax, cotton, tobacco, indigo, olives, orange\\ntrees, and citron trees, as also white mulberry\\ntrees for feeding of silk-worms.\\nThe lands will not be difficult to clear, because\\nthere is neither stones nor brambles, but only\\ngreat trees, which do not grow very thick, so that\\nmore land may be cleared there in one week than\\ncould be done in Switzerland in a month. The\\ncustom of the country is, that after having cut\\ndown these great trees, they leave the stumps for\\nfour or Ave years to rot, and afterwards easily root\\nthem up in order to manure the land.\\nThe remainder of Mr. Purry s description of\\nSouth Carolina is of so general a character that it\\nwould add nothing to the interest of this sketch.\\nHe gave such a flattering account of the country", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "94 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthat many Switzers were induced to emigrate with\\nhim to Carolina. This document published in\\npamphlet form was then signed by four gentle-\\nmen, and extensively distributed. The conclusion\\nreads as follows\\nWe, whose names are hereunto subscribed,\\ndo attest that all which is contained in this account\\nof South Carolina is the real truth, having been\\neye-witnesses of the most part of the particulars\\ntherein mentioned.\\nDone at Charlestown the 23d of September,\\n1731.\\nJohn Peter Pukry, of Neufchatel,\\nJames Richard, of Geneva,\\nAbraham Meuron, of St. Sulpy, in the\\ncounty of Neufchatel,\\nHenry Raymond, of St. Sulpy.\\nAfter Mr. Purry s return to Switzerland, and his\\nproposals having become generally known, the\\npeople flocked to him without delay, and he soon\\nmade every preparation necessary for the safety\\nand comfort of the colonists, who placed themselves\\nunder his charge. Mills, in his Statistics of South\\nCarolina, page 8G9, states Immediately one hun-\\ndred and seventy Switzers agreed to follow him,\\nto be transported to the fertile and delightful prov-\\nince, as he described it, so that in a few months\\nthey were ready to enter upon their long voyage,\\nwhich was doubtless a prosperous one; for they\\nleft England about the 1st of August, 1732, and\\narrived in Charleston during the following Novem-\\nber.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 95\\nThe Governor of South Carolina, agreeahly to\\ninstructions, allowed them forty thousand acres of\\nland for their settlement, which was surveyed and\\nlocated on the east side of the Savannah River,\\nwhere a town was laid out for their accommoda-\\ntion, and named Purysburg, after the founder of\\nthe colony and the promoter of its settlement. The\\ninterest in favor of this new enterprise continued\\nin Switzerland for some time. Kot long after-\\nwards some two hundred more settlers were added\\nto the new colon^^, who likewise arrived safely in\\nCarolina.\\nIt was the intention of the Swiss settlers, in con-\\nnection with the other more necessary articles of\\nhusbandr}^ to plant the vine, and also to give their\\nattention to the rearing and manufacturing of silk,\\nfor which this Province appeared to be admiral)ly\\nadapted, as the climate was warm, and the soil\\nvery productive for the growing of a variety of\\ngrapes, and the planting of the white mulberry\\ntree, on wliich the tender silk-worm feeds. The\\nGovernor and Council likewise were happy in the\\nacquisition of such a force, who, by their knowl-\\nedge of these various branches of industr} gave\\npromise of great service to the Province. Tliey\\nallotted to each of them a separate tract of laud,\\nand gave every encouragement in their power to\\nthe people. The Swiss emigrants began their\\nlabors of raising silk and planting the vine with\\nuncommon zeal and energy, highly elevated with\\nthe idea of possessing landed estates, {Mills, p\\n370.)", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "96 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nRev. Bolzias visited Purysburg on his way to\\nClmrlestoii, in May, 1734, not two years after its\\nsettlement, and speaks highl}^ of it in his journal\\nas follows: This town is built upon the more\\nelevated banks of the river, and, as many wealthy\\npeople reside here, it is hoped that in a short time\\nit will become a considerable town. The inhabi-\\ntants labor industriouslj in their gardens and\\nfields, and persons can already procure here fresh\\nmeats, eggs, garden vegetables, even more than in\\nSavannah. We were shown all kindness, and sev-\\neral of the inhabitants besought us to return soon\\nagain, and administer the communion.\\nThe majority of these settlers were, doubtless,\\nmembers of the Reformed Church of Switzerland\\nbefore they came to America; thc}^ were all Prot-\\nestants, as this faith was made one of the condi-\\ntions for their becoming settlers of this colon}\\na few families were connected with the Lutheran\\nChui ch, as Rev. Bolzius jounuil informs us. The\\ncolony brought their own pastor with them, the\\nRev. Joseph Biignion, a Swiss minister, who,\\nwhen he arrived in England, on his way to Caro-\\nlina, was induced to have E[)iscopal ordination laid\\nupon him by the Rev. Dr. Clagett, Bishop of St.\\nDavid s. His motives were doubtless pure, think-\\ning that the Church of England was the established\\nreligion in Carolina, and that he might accomplish\\nas much good, with less opposition, as a stranger\\nin a strange land, if he would conform to the\\nrules and worship of that Church. Whether the\\nmajority of the Swiss Protestants coincided with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 97\\nliim is not stated; probably many of them did so,\\nbut others connected themselves with the Lutheran\\nChurch at Ebenezer, Greorgia. Rev. Mr. Blignion\\ndid not remain a great while among his country-\\nmen at Purysburg; about the commencement of\\nthe year 1735 he removed to St. James, Santee.\\nIn 1744 the Rev. Henry Chitfelle arrived in the\\nProvince as the first missionary from The Society\\nfor the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts\\nto this parish. He was a native of Switzerland,\\nand was ordained, as a mAiister of the Church\\nof England, by Dr. Gibson, Bishop of London,\\nJuly 14th and 2l8t, 1734. During his time of\\nservice in this charge, in February, 1746, this set-\\ntlement was established as a separate parish by an\\nact of the legislature, under the name and title of\\nSt. Peter s Parish. The Act directed that the\\nChurch or Chapel, and the dwelling-house wherein\\nthe Rev. Mr. Chiffelle had preached and dwelt,\\nshould be the Parish Church and Parsonage-house\\nof St. Peter s Parish. The Rector or minister was\\nto be elected as in other parishes, and to receive\\na salary of \u00c2\u00a3100. Proc. money. Mr. Chitfelle con-\\ntinued in this mission until his death in 1758, and\\nwas succeeded by the Rev. Abraham Imer, who\\narrived in the Province in 1760, and died in 1766.\\n{Dalcho s History of the Proi. Epis. Church in South\\nCarolina, pp. 385 and 386.)\\nIn regard to the Lutheran element of this colony,\\nwe may add, that they appear to have always had\\na warm attachment to their own faith. Tlieir con-\\ntiguity to their Lutheran brethren of the Ebenezer\\n9", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "98 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ncolony on tlie other side of the Savannah River,\\nas well as the zeal of the Salzlmrg pastors, who\\noccasionally visited them, had the effect of keeping\\nup the interest in their own Church for a long\\ntime. The following extract from the journal of\\nRev. Bolzius, as found in Force s Collection of\\nHistorical Tracts, abundantly proves this March\\n19th, Mr. Oglethorpe, going to Purysburg, took\\nwith him one of us, Rev. Mr. Gronau, and recom-\\nmended him to preach to the Germans there, which\\nhe accordingly did. There are three families of\\nour Lutheran confession in that place. Rev. Gro-\\nnau having preached for them from Gal. 2 20,\\nthey were very glad, and resolved to come con-\\nstantly to our settlement, which is but a few, three\\nGerman, miles from Purysburg to hear the word\\nof God, and to receive the sacrament. They reckon\\nthe Salzburgers very happy in having their own\\nministers, for at Purysburg they are now without\\na minister.\\nAs far as can be ascertained, no Lutheran con-\\ngregation was ever established in this place, as\\nthere were but few families of that faith in the\\ncolony, and these could occasionally attend divine\\nworship at Ebeuezer. Of the Episcopal Church\\nestablished there, Dalcho further states There\\nhas been no incumbent since the Revolution.\\nDivine service has occasionally been performed\\nby visiting clergymen. No organized Episcopal\\ncongregation exists here at present. A.D. 1820.\\nThe final history of the colony is hinted at by\\nMills, page 370, from which we can draw our own", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 99\\nconclusions. He states that in a short time they\\nfelt the man}^ inconveniences attending a change\\nof climate. Several of them sickened and died,\\nand others found the hardships of the iirst state of\\ncolonization much greater than they expected.\\nThey hecame discontented. Smarting under the\\npressure of indigence and disappointment they not\\nonly blamed Purry for deceiving them, but repented\\nleaving their native countr3\\\\ The colonj^ lingered\\nup to the period of the Revolutionary war. Mills\\ninforms us that Purysburg was the tirst headquar-\\nters of the American army under Lincoln in the\\nRevolution. It afterwards was in possession of\\nthe British under Prevost.\\nA large number of these Swiss settlers sought\\nand found homes in other parts of Carolina, both\\nbefore and after the Revolution, which left to\\nPurysburg very little more than a name in his-\\ntory.\\nSection 10. The German and Swiss Colonists of\\nOrangeburg^ S. C, A.D. 1735.\\nThe story of the settling of Orangeburg, South\\nCarolina is a page in the historj^ of that State which\\nhas never been fully written. The cause of this\\nomission can scarcely be accounted for, as ample\\nmaterials were within the reach of former histo-\\nrians. Certain outlines have been given, but noth-\\ning very satisfactory has been furnished.\\nThe first white inhabitant who settled in this\\nsection of country was named Henry Sterling; his", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "100 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\noccupation, it is supposed, was tliat of a trader.\\nHe located liiraself on Lyon s Creek in the year\\n1704, and obtained a grant of a tract of land, at\\npresent in the possession of Colonel Russel P.\\nMcCord. {Mills, p. 656.)\\nThe next settlers were some three or four indi-\\nviduals, who located themselves at the Cowpens,\\nnorthwesterly of the low country white settle-\\nments; these, and the Cherokee and Catawba\\nIndians were all the inhabitants who had pre-\\nceded the Germans. {3Iills, p. 657.)\\nThe colonists of Orangel urg County and town\\nwere mostly German and Swiss, who came over\\nfrom Europe in a large body, occuj)ying several\\nvessels, and even to the present day their descen-\\ndants are easily recognized by their unmistakable\\nGerman names, and are found to be the principal\\nowners and occupants of the soil in this portion of\\nSouth Carolina.\\nThe principal facts concerning the early history\\nof these colonists are mainly derived from the\\nJournals of Council of the Province of South\\nCarolina, as found in manuscript form in the\\noffice of the Secretary of State, as well as from the\\nChurch record-book, kept bj^ their first pastors,\\nthe two Giessendanners, uncle and nephew, written\\nin the German and English languages, which is\\nstill extant, and has been thoroughly examined by\\nthe writer; and as these additional facts are now\\npresented for the first time, it is ho[)ed tliat they\\nmay open new avenues, which will afford future", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 101\\nhistorians of the State iidditionul sourcesof researcli\\nand information.\\nThat the German element of the Orangeburg\\ncolonists came partly from Switzerland, we learn\\nfrom the records of tlje Giessendanners church-\\nbook, as it was the custom of the younger Giessen-\\ndanner to mention the place of nativity of all the\\ndeceased, in his records of each funeral of the\\nearly settlers and as this emigration from that\\ncountry to Orangeburg occurred only two or three\\nyears subsequent to tiie emigration of a former\\nSwiss colony to Purysburg, S. C, it certainly re-\\nquires no great stretch of the imagination to ex-\\nplain the causes which induced such a large num-\\nber of emigrants from that country to locate them-\\nselves upon the fertile lands of South Carolina,\\nwhich were described so glowingly by John Peter\\nPurry and his associates.\\nLet any one examine the pamphlets, as found in\\nvol. ii of Carroll s Collections, which Mr. Purry\\npublished in reference to the Province of South\\nCarolina, and which he freely distributed in his\\nnative country, in Avhich the fertility of the soil,\\nsalubrity of the climate, excellency of government,\\nsafety of the colonists, opportunities of becoming\\nwealthy, c., c., are so highly extolled, and cor-\\nroborated by the testimony of so many witnesses,\\nand he will easily comprehend what the Switzers\\nmust have fancied that province to be, viz. the\\nEl Dorado of America, the second Palestine of\\nthe world.\\nMr. Purry s account of the excellency of South", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "102 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina for safe and remunerative settlement\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0went round, from mouth to mouth, in many a\\nhamlet and cottage of the little mountain-girt\\ncountry, losing nothing b}^ being told from one\\nfamily to another; which, with the additional\\nfact, that many had relatives and friends living in\\nboth the Carolinas, whom they possibly might\\nmeet again, soon fastened their affections upon\\nthat province, and induced them to leave the\\nFatherland, and make their future homes with\\nsome of their countrymen in America. Thoir\\nlittle all of earthly goods or patrimony was soon\\ndisposed of; preparations for a long journey were\\nquickly made, as advised by Mr. Purry in his\\npamphlet; the journey through North Germany\\ntowards some seaport was then undertaken; and,\\nwith other Germans added to their number, who\\njoined their fortunes with them whilst passing\\nthrough their conntr^^ they were soon rocked upon\\nthe bosom of the ocean, heading towards America,\\nwith the compass pointed to their expected haven,\\nCharleston, South Carolina.\\nThese German and Swiss settlers did not all\\narrive in Orangeburg at the same time; the first\\ncolony came during tlie year 1735; another com-\\npany arrived a year later, and it was not until 1737\\nthat their first pastor. Rev. John Ulrich Giesscn-\\ndanncr. Senior, came among them with another\\nreinforcement of settlers; whilst Mills informs us\\nthat emigrants from Gernumy arrived in Orange-\\nburg District as late as 17G9, only a few years be-\\nfore the Revolution.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 103\\nLike most of the early German settlers of Amer-\\nica, these eolonists came to Carolina not as gen-\\ntlemen or traders, but as tillers of the soil, with\\nthe honest intention to earn their bread by the\\nsweat of the brow, and their lands soon gave evi-\\ndence of thrift and plenty, and they, by their in-\\ndustry and frugalit}^, not only secured a compe-\\ntency and independence for themselves and their\\nchildren in this fertile portion of South Carolina,\\nbut many of them became blessed with abundance\\nand wealth.\\nFrom the records of Rev. Giessendanner we\\nlearn that there were also a considerable number\\nof mechanics, as well as planters and farmers,\\namong these colonists; and the results of this Ger-\\nman colonization were extremely favorable to\\nOrangeburg District, inasmuch as they remained\\nthere as permanent settlers, whilst many of their\\ncountrymen in other localities, such as Purj^sburg,\\nc., were compelled to leave their first-selected\\nhomes, on account of the want of health and of\\nthat great success which they had at first expected,\\nbut the Orangeburg settlers became a well-estab-\\nlished and successful colony.\\nIt has been asserted that the Gersnan congrega-\\ntion established inOrangeburgaraong thesesettlers\\nwas Reformed, which is evidently a mistake, as\\nan}^ one may perceive from the following fjxcts.\\nOn the one hand, it must be admitted that the\\nSwitzers came from the land where Jc hn Calvin\\nlabored, and where the Reformed religion prevails,\\nbut where there are also many Lutheran churches", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "104 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nestablished. It is also admitted that the Giessen-\\ndaimers were natives of Switzerland, but it would\\nbe unsafe to conclude from these facts that the\\nGerman congregation at Orangeburg, with all, or\\nnearly all, of its members, and with their pastors,\\nwere Swiss Reformed or Calvinistic in their faith.\\nOn the other hand, although nothing positive is\\nmentioned in the Record-book of the Church, con-\\ncerning their distinctive religious belief, yet the\\npresumptive evidence, even from this source of\\ninformation, is sufficiently strong to conclude that\\nthis first religious society in Orangeburg was a\\nLutheran Church. The facts from which our con-\\nclusions are drawn are\\nFirstly. Because a very strong element from\\nGermany was mixed with their Swiss brethren in\\nthe early settling of this county, which, by still\\nlater accession of German colonists, appears to\\nhave become the predominating population, who\\nwere mostly Lutherans, and the presumption be-\\ncomes strong that their church-organization was\\nlikewise Lutheran.\\nSecondly. It seems to have been a commonly\\nadmitted fact and the prevailing general impres-\\nsion of that time, when their second pastor had\\nbecome an ordained minister of the Church of\\nEngland.\\nThirdly. In examining their church records\\none will discover, through its entire pages, a rec-\\nognition of the festivals of the Lutheran Church,\\nas were commonly observed by the early Lutheran\\nsettlers.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 105\\nFo^irihJy. In Dalclio s History of the Prot. Epis.\\nChnrcli in S. C, published in 1820, at the .time\\nwhen tlie son of the younger Giessenclanner was\\nstill living {see 3Iills Statistics, p. 657, published as\\nlate as 1826), it is most positively stated concern-\\ning his father, that he was a minister of the Lu-\\ntheran Church. [Dalcho,]). SSS, footnote.) How\\ncould Dr. Dalcho have been mistaken when lie had\\nthe records of the Episcopal Church in South Caro-\\nlina before him; and in that denomination this\\nwas the prevailing impression, as was, doubtless,\\nso created from Giessendanner s own statements\\nin the bosom of which Church he passed the latter\\ndays of his life.\\nFifthly. One of the churches which Giessen-\\ndanner served before he became an Episcopal\\nclergyman, located in Amelia Township, called St.\\nMatthews, has never been any other than a Lu-\\ntheran Church, and is still in connection with the\\nEvangelicalLutheran Synod of South Carolina.\\nSixthly. The Orangeburg colonists, after their\\npastor departed from their faith, were served with\\nLutheran pastors entirely, numbering in all about\\nseventeen ministers, and onlj^ for a short time a\\nReformed minister. Rev. Dr. Ziibly, once labored\\nthere as a temporaiy supply.\\nSeventhly. In Dr. Hazelius History of the\\nAmerican Lutheran Church, p. 64, Ave have the\\nfollowing testimony, gathered from the journal of\\nthe Ebenezer pastors, Bolzius and Gronau, found\\nin Urlsperger s IS^achrichten Their journal of\\nthat time mentions among other things, that many", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "106 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nLutherans were settled in and about Orangeburg\\nin South Carolina, and that their preacher resided\\nin the village of Orangeburg.\\nIt is to be hoped that all this testomonj^ is satis-\\nfactory to every candid inquirer, that the first es-\\ntablished Church of Orangeburg, S. C, which was\\nlikewise the Jirsi organized Lutheran Church in\\nboth the Carolinas, was none other than a Lutheran\\nChurch that those early settlers from Germany\\nand Switzerland w^ere mostl} if not all, of the\\nsame denomination, and that Dr. Dalcho has pub-\\nlished no falsehood b}- asserting that their pastor\\nwas a minister of the Lutheran Church,\\nThe first colony of German and Swiss emigrants\\nwho settled in Orangeburg village and its vicinity\\nin 1735, as well as those who selected their homes\\nin Amelia Township along Four-hole swamp and\\ncreek, did not bring their pastor with them; the\\nRev. John Ulrich Giessendanner did not arrive\\nuntil the year 1737; he was an ordained minister\\nand a native of Switzerland, and was the first and,\\nat the time, the only minister of the gospel in the\\nvillage and District of Orangeburg; we infer this\\nfrom Mills Statistics, p. 657, stating that there\\nwere but four or five English settlers residing in\\nthe District before the Germans arrived, and these\\nfew would not likely have an English minister of\\ntheir own to labor among them. We infer this,\\nmoreover, from the record of Giessendanner s\\nmarriages; the ceremony of one was performed\\nin the English language during the first year of\\nhis ministry-, with the following remark accompa-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 107\\nnjingit: Major Motte having read the ceremony\\nill the English language, from whicli we conclude\\nthat at the time, October 24t!i, 1737, liev. Giessen-\\ndanner was still unacquainted with the English\\nlanguage, and that on this account he solicited the\\naid of Major Motte in the performance of a clerical\\nduty. That there could have lieen no other min-\\nister of the gospel within reach of the parties, who\\ndid not reside in the village, otherwise they would\\nnot have employed Rev. G. to perform a ceremony\\nunder such embarrassing circumstances.\\nRev. J. U, Giessendanner came to this country\\nwith the third transportation of German and Swiss\\nsettlers for this fertile portion of South Carolina.\\nIn the same vessel also journeyed his future part-\\nner in life, who had resided at his home in Europe\\nas housekeeper for twenty-six years, and to whom,\\non the 15th of November, 1737, he was quietly\\nmarried, in the presence of many witnesses, by\\nMajor Motte; doubtless by liim, as no minister\\nof the gospel was within tlieir reach, to which rec-\\nord he piously adds May Jesus unite us closely\\nin love, as well as all faithful married people, and\\ncleanse and unite us witii himself. Amen. By\\nthis union he had no children, since both himself\\nand his partner were well stricken in 3 ears.\\nThe elder Giessendanner did not labor long\\namong this people. Death soon ended his minis-\\ntrations in Orangeburg, and we infer that he must\\nhave died about the close of the year 1738, since\\nthe records of his ministerial acts extend to the\\nsummer of that year, whilst those of his nephew", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "108 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ncommence with the close of the year 1739. Allow-\\ning the congregation time to make the necessary\\narrangement with the nephew, and he to have\\ntime to seek and obtain ordination, as we shall see\\nhereafter, besides the inference drawn from the\\nlanguage of a certain petition, c., we learn that\\nduring the fall of 1738, the Rev. John Uli-ich Gies-\\nsendanner, Sr., was called to his rest, and thus\\nclosed his earthly career.\\nThe congregations in Orangeburg village and\\nDistrict now looked about them for another servant\\nof the Lord to labor among them in hoi} things,\\nbut the prospect of being soon supplied was not\\nvery encouraging. The Ebenezer pastors were\\nthe only Lutheran ministers in the South at that\\ntime, and they could not be spared from their\\narduous work in Georgia, and to expect a pastor\\nto be sent them again from the Fatherland was at-\\ntended with many difHculties. Another plan pre-\\nsented itself to them. The nephew of their first\\npastor, who had prepared himself for the ministry,\\nwas induced to seek ordination at the hands of\\nsome Protestant denomination, and take upon him-\\nself the charge of these vacant congregations in\\nthe place of his departed uncle.\\nFrom the records of the Orangeburg Church\\nwe learn that their second pastor was also named\\nJohn Ulrich Giessendanner,but he soon afterwards\\ndropped his middle name, prol)ably to distinguish\\nhim IVom his uuelc, and so is he named in all the\\nhistories of South Carolina, which give any ac-\\ncount of him.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 109\\nDifficulties and sore trials soon attended Rev.\\nJohn Giesseiidanner s ministry; the Urlsperger\\nReports state, in vol. iii, p. 1079, that the town of\\nOrangeburg was then, A.D. 1741, in a worse con-\\ndition than Pnrjsburg that the people were lead-\\ning very sinful lives, manifesting no traces of\\npiety, and that between pastor and hearers there\\nwere constant misunderstandings. It is also stated\\nthat their lands were fertile, but, as they were far\\nremoved from Charleston, and had no communi-\\ncation with that city by water, they could not con-\\nvert their produce into money, and on this account\\nvery little or no money was found among them.\\nDr. Hazelius likewise gives an unfavorable account\\nof the state of religion in that communit3^ On p.\\n64, he remarks From one circumstance men-\\ntioned with particular reference to that congrega-\\ntion, we have to infer that the spiritual state of\\nthat church was by no means pleasing. A Mr.\\nKieffer, a Salzburg emigrant and member of the\\nEbenezer congregation, was living on the Carolina\\nside of the Savannah River, whose mother-in-law\\nresided at Orangeburg, whom he occasionally\\nvisited. On one occasion he remarked, after his\\nreturn, to his minister. Pastor Bolzius, that the\\npeople at Orangeburg were manifesting no hunger\\nand thirst after the word of God he was therefore\\nanxious that his mother-in-law should remove to\\nhis plantation, so that she might enjoj^ the oppor-\\ntunity of attending to the preaching of the word\\nof God, which she greatly desired. All this tes-\\ntimony, though in the main correct, needs, how-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "110 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\never, some explanation, and bj referring to the\\nJournals of Council for this province, in the office\\nof the Secretary of State, we will soon discover\\nthe cause of such a state of things. The people\\nhad been but sparingly supplied with the preached\\nword, the discipline of the Church had not been\\nproperly administered, and when the younger\\nGiessendanner took charge of these congregations,\\nand attempted to regulate matters a little, whilst\\nthe majority of the people sustained him in his\\nefforts, a minority, who were rude and godless,\\nbecame his bitter enemies, and were constantly\\nat variance with him.\\nThis condition of Church affairs opened the way\\nfor the Zauberbiihler difficulties, which are very\\nminutely described in the Journals of Council of\\nthe Province of South Carolina, vol. 10, page 395,\\net seq. the main facts of this troublesome affair\\nwere the following:\\nDuring the year 1743, a Swiss minister of the\\ngospel, formerly located along the Savannah River,\\nat New Windsor, Purysburg, and other places,\\nnamed Bartholomew Zauberbiihler, very adroitly\\nattempted to displace the Rev. John Giessendanner\\nfrom his charge in Orangeburg, and make him-\\nself the pastor of those churches. He supposed\\nthat by becoming an ordained minister of the\\nEpiscopal Church, at that time the established\\nchurch in the Province, he would have rights supe-\\nrior to the humble Lutheran pastor in charge at\\nOrangeburg, and, as he supposed, have the law on\\nhis side in thus becoming the pastor himself. The", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. Ill\\nrecords of his evil designs, which huve long slum-\\nbered in oblivion in manuscript form on the shelves\\nof the Statehouse at Columbia, are now brought\\nto view, and read as follows\\nNov. 9th, 1742. Read the petition of Rev. B.\\nZauberbiihler, showing that as there were a great\\nmany Germans at Orangeburg, Santee, and there-\\nabouts, who are verj^ desirous of having the word\\nof God preached to them and their children, and\\nwho desire to be instructed in the true religion,\\nhumbly prays That he may be sent to serve them\\nand to be supported with a competent salary until\\nhe shall be able to take a voyage to England to l)e\\nordained by the Bishop of London, and at the same\\ntime proposes to bring over with him a number of\\nGermans, which he thinks may be as great a num-\\nber as ever were brought at any time into this\\nprovince, it being a great encouragement to them\\nwhen they tind that they may have the Gospel,\\nnot only on their voyage, but also after their ar-\\nrival in this province, preached to them, c.\\nUpon reading the said petition, it was the\\nopinion of His Majesty s Council, that providing\\nthe petitioner do produce a certificate from the\\ninhabitants of Orangeburg, as also a certificate\\nfrom ye Ecclesiastical Commissary, Mr. Garden,\\nof his qualifications to receive orders in the Church\\nof England, and his engaging to go home to Lon-\\ndon to receive ordination, and after that to go to\\nGermany to procure others of his countrymen to\\ncome over to settle in this province, that the sum\\nof five hundred pounds currency be advanced him", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "112 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nout of the township fund, in order to enable him\\nto pei form the same.\\nJournals of Council, vol. xi, pp. 74-76. Under\\ndate of Feb. 13th, 1743-44: Reconsidered the\\npetition of Rev. Mr. Zauberbiihler, which had\\nbeen exhibited at this Board on the 10th day of\\nNovember, 1743, praying that in consideration of\\nthe earnest desire of the inhabitants of Orangeburg,\\nSantee, to have a person to preach the gospel to\\nthem in their own language, he is willing to per-\\nform that pastoral dut}^, but being as yet unor-\\ndained, desires to be supported with a competent\\nsalary until he shall be able to take a voyage to\\nEngland to be ordained, at which time he proposes\\nto bring over a number of foreign Protestants to\\nsettle in this province, who are unwilling to come\\nover for want of having the gospel preached to\\nthem in their voyage here. Whereupon it ap-\\npearing by a former minute of Council, of the 10th\\nof jSTovember last, that provided the petitioner shall\\nproduce a certificate from the inhabitants of Orange-\\nburg of their desire to receive him as a preacher\\namongst them, and also a certificate from the Rev.\\nMr. Garden of his qualifications to receive orders,\\nthat then the sum of \u00c2\u00a3500 current money be ad-\\nvanced him out of the township fund, in order to\\nenable him to perform his voyage, and bring on\\nthe Protestants to settle here as he mentions.\\nWhereupon the petitioner produced the following\\ncertificate from the Rev. Mr. Commissary Garden:", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 113\\nSouth Carolina.\\nThese are to certify whom it may concern, and\\nin particular the Rt. Rev. tlie Lovi] Bishop of Lon-\\ndon, that the bearer, BarthoU)nievv Zauberbiihler,\\na native of Appenzell in Switzerland, appears to\\nme on creditable testimony to have resided in this\\nProvince for the space of seven years last past, and\\ndurino- that time to have been of o^ood life and be-\\nhavior as becometh a candidate for holy orders,\\nc., c.,\\nSigned, Alexander Garden.\\nFebruary 13th, 1743.\\nOn producing the said certificate his Excel-\\nlency signed an order on the public Treasurer for\\nthe sura of \u00c2\u00a3500, to be paid him on condition that\\nthe Treasurer take his written obligation to repay\\nthe said money upon his returning and settling in\\nthe Province, in case he does not bring over the\\nProtestants he mentions.\\nThe following counter-petition against Mr. Zau-\\nberbiihler from the Orangeburg settlers is found\\nin vol. xi of Joui-nals of Council, pp. 139-143,\\nand dated March 6th, 1743\\nRead the humble petition of the German and\\nEnglish inhabitants of Orangeburg and the adjoin-\\ning plantations, showing to his Excellency to whom\\nit is directed, that the petitioners heartily congratu-\\nlate his Excellency on his auspicious ascension to\\nthe government of this Province, hoping that by\\nhis judicious care and power not only their pres-\\nent grievances, but likewise all other misfortunes\\n10", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "114 THE HITHER AX CHTTRCH\\nmay evaporate and vanish. And ye said petition-\\ners humbly beg leave to acquaint ye Excellency,\\nthat above five years ago, the German minister hap-\\npening to die, Mr. John Giessendanner, by the con-\\nsent and approbation ofyour said German petition-\\ners, went to Charlestown with the intention to make\\nhis application to the Rev. Mr. Alexander Gar-\\nden, Commissary, to admit him into holy orders,\\nto preach in German in this township and when\\nthe said Mr. John Giessendanner came to Charles-\\ntown aforesaid, he accidentally met with one Major\\nChristian Motte, who acquainted him that he\\nought not to trouble the said Rev. Alexander Gar-\\nden with the aiiair, but to go with him to some\\ncertain gentlemen, who, if they found him suffi-\\ncient, would directly give him orders according to\\nhis desire; upon which the said Mr. John Giessen-\\ndanner, being then a stranger to the English\\nmethod of proceeding in such cases, accompanied\\nthe said Major Christian Motte, and Avas by him\\nintroduced to an assembly of the Presbyter}^, who,\\nafter examination, presented him with orders to\\npreach, which he has since done in German con-\\nstantly for the space of five years to the inexpressi-\\nble satisfaction of the congregation at Orangeburg;\\nand about two years ago your said English peti-\\ntioners, being fully sixty miles from any other\\nplace of divine worship, some of whom had not\\nbeen favored with an opportunity of hearing a\\nsermon in the space of seven years, observing the\\nsaid Mr. John Giessendanner to be a man of learn-\\ning, piety, and knowledge in the Holy Sci ipturcs,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 115\\nprevailed with him to officiate in preacliing once\\nevery fortnight in English, which he hath since\\nperformed very articulate and intelligible to the\\nentire satisfaction of ye said English petitioners,\\nand always behaves himself with sobriety, honesty,\\nand justice, encouraging virtue and reproving vice.\\nAnd the said Mr. John Giessendanner lately\\nobserving great irregularities and disorders being\\ncommitted almost every Sabbath day by some\\nwicked persons in one part of the township, pub-\\nlicly reprimanded them for the same, which re-\\nproof so exasperated them that they threatened to\\nkick the said Mr. John Giessendanner out of the\\nchurch if he offered to preach there any more, and.\\nhave lately sent for one Bartholemew Zauberblih-\\nler, a man who not long ago pretended to preach\\nat Savannah town, but, as your said petitioners\\nare informed, was soon obliged to leave that place\\nand a very indecent character behind him. The\\nlast week he arrived at Orangeburg, and upon the\\nlast Sabbath, he, the said Bartholomew Zauber-\\nblihler and his wicked adherents associated to-\\ngether, and pretended that the said Bartholomew\\nZauberbiihler had brought with him a power from\\nthe Hon. William Bull, Esq., late Lieutenant-Gov-\\nernor of this Province, his Majesty s Hon. Coun-\\ncil, and the Rev. Mr. Alexander Garden, Commis-\\nsary, an order to expel the said Mr. John Giessen-\\ndanner from the church, and to preach there him-\\nself, and some of ye said petitioners demanded a\\nsight of his said authority, but he refused to pro-\\nduce it, which occasioned great animosities and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "116 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndisorders in the congregation, and when the said\\nBartholomew Zauhcrhiihler makes his second ap-\\npearance at or near Orangeburg, whicli he dechires\\nshall be at ye expiration of three weeks, there will\\ncertainly be more disturbance and confusion than\\nbefore, unless some powerful means be used to\\nobstruct it.\\nWhereupon your said [letitioners most humbly\\nbeg that your Excellency will be pleased to inter-\\npose with j-our authority, and direct the said Mr.\\nAlexander Garden, if he hath given or granted\\nany such orders, to countermand them, and to per-\\nmit the said Mr. John Giessendanner still to offi-\\nciate for them in divine service, free from any\\nfurther disturbance or molestation, c.\\nSigned by John Ilarn, and above fourscore\\nmore subscribers.\\nOrdered by Council that the consideration of\\nthis atfair, and of the above petition, and those of\\nMr. Zauberbiihler, be deferred until Mr. Zauber-\\nbiihler s return from England, and that ye Clerk\\nacquaint them therewith in writing.\\nFortunately, however, Mr. Zauberbiihler had\\nnot yet de})arted on his journey to England as the\\nCouncil had su})j)osed, but had been lurking for\\nawhile in Orangeburg District, and as soon as he\\nreturned to Charleston he once more made his\\nappearance upon the Hoor of the Council chand)er.\\nJournals of Council, Vol. XI, p. 148: Bar-\\ntholomew Zauberbiihler, being returned from\\nOrangeburg Township, attended his Excellency\\nin Council, and laid before him two written cer-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 117\\ntifieates from justices ofye peace there in his favor,\\nand which were read, representing his sobriety\\nand good behavior, whereupon Mr. Zauberbiihler\\nwas by his Excellency directed to wait again on\\nRev. Mr. Garden, and to learn if he has any objec-\\ntions to his receiving orders in England, and to\\nreport the same.\\nJournals of Council, A^ol. XT, p. 152: Bar-\\ntholomew Zauberbiihler attended his Excellency,\\nthe Governor, in Council, according to order,\\nwhom the Governor gave to understand that he\\n]jad not acted well in the exhibiting a certificate\\nfrom the Township of Orangeburg, read at this\\nBoard on November 13th, 1742, seeing that under\\nthe notion of having an invitation to the ministry\\nby the majority of that Township, there was, on\\nthe contrary, a later memorial laid before the\\nBoard, signed b}^ near ninet}- of the inhabitants,\\nand by far the majority of the Township, praying\\nthat Mr. Giessendanner, their present minister,\\nmight be continued to preach among them, and\\nthat Mr. Zauberbiihler s going to preach in the\\nsaid Townshi[), and his design to be settled there\\nas a minister, was not bj^ their desire, on the con-\\ntrary, had occasioned no small disturbance in the\\nsaid Township. That his proceedings with the\\nLieutenant-Governor and Council in ye said afiair\\nliad not been with that candor that might have\\nbeen expected from one who designed to take on\\nhim holy orders, and that, therefore, he ought to\\nbe contented with at least one-half of what had\\nbeen paid him by ye Treasurer, and return the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "118 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nother \u00c2\u00a3250, or, at any rate, to procure a joint se-\\ncurity of one residing in Charlestown that he\\nwould return the money in case he did not bring\\nover the foreign Protestants mentioned, but that\\nif he did bring them over the whole \u00c2\u00a3500 should\\nbe allowed him whereupon Mr. Zauberbiihler\\nwithdrew.\\nAfter this action of the Governor and Council\\nwe read nothing more of Mr. Zauberbiihler in the\\nJournals of Council, and the Rev. John Giessen-\\ndanner was permitted to continue his labor as\\npastor in Orangeburg without further molestation.\\nThe historical facts deduced from the above\\nState papers are the following:\\nThat the Rev. John Ulrich Giessendanner, Sr.,\\nwho was the first pastor at Orangeburg, departed\\nthis life daring the close of the year 1738, having\\nlabored there but little more than one year.\\nThat his nephew, the Rev. John Qiesendanncr,\\nbecame his successor some time during the year\\n1739, and that he was a man of learning, piety,\\nand knowledge in the Holy Scriptures; he was\\nprobably educated for the ministry, but left Europe\\nbefore he had been ordained; that, although a\\nLutheran in his religious persuasion, as we learn\\nfrom other documents, he applied for ordination\\nat the hands of any Protestant ministry who were\\nempowered to impart the desired authority, there\\nbeing at that time no Lutheran Synod in all the\\nAmerican colonies. That he was ordained by the\\nCharleston Presbytery is certain, but that he was\\nnot a Presbyterian in faith is evident also, else he", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 119\\nwould not have endeavored first to obtain ordina-\\ntion at the hands of the Protestant Episcopal au-\\nthority, and only changed his purpose of becoming\\nEpiscopally ordained at the suggestions of Major\\nChristian Motte, and doubtless also to avoid an\\nexpensive and wearisome voyagQ to Europe, which\\nhe would have been obliged to undertake had he\\ninsisted upon obtaining the requisite authority to\\npreach the gospel and administer the sacraments\\neither in the Lutheran or Episcopal Church.\\nThat the first Orangeburg Church must have\\nbeen built some time before the above-mentioned\\npetition was written, A.D, 1743, as it is therein\\nspoken of, as being then in existence.\\nThat Rev. John Giessendanner labored faith-\\nfully as a good servant of his Master, even bring-\\ning enmity upon hiniself for reproving vice; like-\\nwise, that he preached in the German and English\\nlanD;uao;es.\\nThat the country in the vicinity of Orangeburg\\nmust have been sadly deficient at that time in the\\nenjoj ment of the usual means of grace, as many\\npersons were living sixty miles from any other\\nchurch, some having not heard a sermon preached\\nfor seven years; need we wonder at tlie irregulari-\\nties in faith and conduct manifested in those days.\\nThat Kev. Giessendanner must have had a con-\\nsiderable congregation, inasmuch as the petition\\ndrawn up in his defence was signed by nearly\\nninety male persons, who were either all members\\nof his congregation, or mostly so, and the remain-\\nder his friends and adherents.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "120 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThat Rev. Bartholomew Zanberbiihler must\\nliave sadly degenerated in the latter period of his\\nministerial life, as the Ebenezer pastors give us a\\nver_y favorable aeeount of him several years pre-\\nvious in the Urlsperger Reports, when he first\\ncame to this country.\\nRev. Giessendanner was affectionately remem-\\nbered by the Church iu Europe. Rev. Bolzius,\\nin the Urlsperger Reports, Vol. Ill, p. 875, states:\\nI also wrote a letter to-day to young Air. Gies-\\nsendanner, the present minister in Orangeburg,\\ninforming him that a donation of about nine\\nguiUlers had been collected for him in Switzer-\\nland, of which a respectable merchant in Zurich\\nwrites, that as old Mr. Giessendanner had died,\\nthis amount should be paid over to his nephew.\\nAlso, that we will send him, as soon as possible,\\nthose books collected for him in Switzerland,\\nwhich are sent in the chest for us, and which has\\nnot yet arrived.\\nI would have been pleased to have sent him\\ntliis money sooner had any safe opportunity pre-\\nsented itself. I entreated him, likewise, to write\\nto me occasional!} and inform me of the transac-\\ntions of the departed Giessendanner, which may\\nbe of great service to him.\\nThe name of Rev. Giessendanner occurs in sev-\\neral other paragraphs of the same Reports, but\\nonly in connection with tiie books and money\\nabove-mentioned but nothing further is said con-\\ncerning himself and his ministry, or that of his\\npredecessor. lie was probably prevented from", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 121\\ni?iiparting the desired information on account of\\nthe want of coniniunication between Ebenezer and\\nOrangeburg.\\nKev. John Griessendanner hibored ten years as\\na Lutheran minister, after which, in 1749, he went\\nto London to receive Episcopal ordination at the\\nhands of Rev. Dr. Sherlock, Bishop of London.\\nThe reasons for making this change in his Church\\nrelationship are not known however, it is pre-\\nsumable that, as he was then the only Lutheran\\npastor in South Carolina, he preferred to enjoy a\\nmore intimate connection with some ministerial\\norganization than the one that was then afforded\\nhim in the bosom of his own Church; and although\\nthe Ebenezer pastors were also then laboring in\\nthe South, nevertheless they were somewhat dis-\\ntantly removed from him, and dwelling in another\\nProvince. He doubtless also had his fears that\\nsome other Zauberbiihler difficulty might harass\\nhim again, and thus, by taking this step, he would\\nhave all legal preferences in his favor, as the\\nChurch of England was then virtually the estab-\\nlished Church of the Province.\\nHe was united in marriage to Miss Barbara\\nHug, and became the father of several children,\\none of whom, a son named Henry, born July 3d,\\n1742, was still living in 1826, as he is mentioned\\nin Mills Statistics; and his widow spent the\\nclose of her life with one of her children residing\\nin Georgia.\\nHenry Giessendanner was married to Miss\\nElizabeth Rumpf, February 25th, 1767; he ve-\\nil", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "122 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ncorded the birth of but one child, Elizabeth, in\\nhis father s church-book, though he may have\\nhad more children, whose names were not entered\\nthere. This record-book likewise informs us that\\nRev. John Giessendanner had a brother and sister\\nliving in Orangeburg, named George and Elizabeth\\n(afterwards married to a Mr. Krieh), and that the\\nwhole family were natives of Switzerland hence\\nalso the money sent Rev. Giessendanner came from\\nthis countr}^, as mentioned in the Urlsperger Re-\\nports. This concludes the history of the Giessen-\\ndanner family, as for as it is necessary for our pur-\\npose, and until recen.tly it was not known that\\nthese two pastors were the first Lutheran minis-\\nters that labored in South Carolina even their\\nvery names had become almost obliterated in the\\nannals of the Lutheran Church. Dr. Dalcho yet\\nadds this information, that Rev. John Giessen-\\ndanner departed this life during the year 176L\\nThe Orano-eburg settlers at first clustered to-\\ngether near the banks of the Edisto River, and\\nbuilt their dwellings near each other in the form\\nof a small town, supposing that the adjacent stream\\n\\\\vould be advantageous in forming an outlet for\\nthem to Charleston, in the transportation of lum-\\nber to market. A year later other German emi-\\nirrants arrived, who located themselves on lands\\nadjoining their predecessors, and thus this tide of\\nimmigration continued until the entire district be-\\ncame mostly colonized with German and Swiss\\nemigrants. The present town of Orangeburg is\\nlocated very near the spot where this original", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 123\\nGerman village once stood. In this village the\\nfirst Lutheran church in the Carolinas was erected,\\nand there also the first Lutheran pastor of this\\ncongregation lived and died; his nephew and suc-\\ncessor, as is supposed by some of the present in-\\nhabitants, had his home several miles from the\\nvillage, where he died and was buried.\\nSome half a mile from the centre of the present\\ntown of Orangeburg and towards the Edisto River\\nthere is a graveyard, which presents the appear-\\nance of having been a long time in use for the\\ninterment of the dead, and where the entombed\\ngenerations of the present day are silently slum-\\nbering with those of the past. It is still styled\\nthe old graveyard although there are many new-\\nmade graves to be seen in it; and here, doubtless,\\nrepose the remains of the first Lutheran pastor in\\nthe Carolinas.\\nDuring the evening twilight of autumn the\\nwriter visited this hallowed spot, in order to com-\\nmune with the dead; the seared and faded leaves\\nof October overhanging his head or rustling be-\\nneath his feet; the peculiar sighing sound of the\\nwinds of autumn, passing through the foliage of\\nthe Southern long-leaved pine trees, produced\\nNature s sad and fitting requiem for the dead.\\nHe sought for records of the past upon some di-\\nlapidated tombstone, but his search was unavail-\\ning, and, like the fallen leaves of many years past,\\neven these mementos of a former age were no\\nlonger visible.\\nWhat lessons of the vanity of all human great-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "124 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nness, namel} the power of wealth, the pride of\\nfamily, the pleasures and gayeties of life All end\\nat last in the grave all alike hlend in one com-\\nmon dust.\\nAround this place, with the old church edifice\\nvery near it, the former village stood they are\\nhoth thus described by a correspondent: The\\nOrangeburg church was built of wood and clay,\\nin much the same manner as chimneys are when\\nmade of clay the old graveyard is still used as a\\nburial-ground common to all; and the site of the\\nchurch is still plainly seen it is in the village,\\nand was at that day in the centre of it. I have\\nlearned this likewise from an old gentleman who\\n.remembers hearing his father saying this as above.\\nIt fell to ruins at the time of the devolution; but\\nthe spot has never been built upon since that day,\\nand is now known as the old churchyard. This\\nchurch was the one used by the Rev. John Gies-\\nsendanner as an Episcopal church, and no doubt\\nused likewise by him at first as a Lutheran church\\nits dimensions were say thirty by fifty feet.\\nThe time when the old church edifice was\\nerected is now no longer known, and can only be\\na matter of conjecture; however, it is possible\\nthat this event occurred during the elder Giessen-\\ndanner s ministry the records do not positively\\nstate this to have been the case, nevertheless sev-\\neral indications are given which make it very\\nprobable that this was the time.\\nIt became changed into an Episcopal house of\\nw^orship in 1749, when the pastor, the younger", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 125\\nGiessendanner, took orders in the Clnireh of\\nEngland, as he continued to hibor there to tlie\\nchise of liis life. At the time this change was\\neffected, the congregation numbered 107 commu-\\nnicants, and on Whitsunday following 21 persons\\nmore were admitted to the Lord s Supper.\\nIn concluding the history of this congregation,\\nwe would simply add, that after Rev. Giessen-\\ndanner s death nothing further is known concern-\\ning it until 1768, when a new Episcopal chapel\\nwas ordered to be erected, and the Rev. Paul\\nTurquand preached there in connection with\\nanother congregation.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, Rev. Turquand\\nwas absent, and labored in the valley of the Mis-\\nsissippi, but returned in 1788, when he resumed\\nhis labors in Orangeburg, and died the following\\nyear; since then no trace is left of the history of\\nthe church and its congregation.\\nThe present Episcopal Church in the town of\\nOrangeburg is of recent organization, and their\\nhouse of worship is comparatively new, indicating\\nthat the old church ediiice, the still later erected\\nchapel, and the former congregation have long\\nsince become entirely extinct.\\nThe existing Lutheran church and congregation\\nin Orangeburg are of a still more recent date both\\nthe organization and church edifice have no liis-\\ntorical connection with the past, made up of ma-\\nterial in membership who have become citizens\\nof the place not many years ago.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "126 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 11. The German Settlers of Saxe-Gotha Town-\\nship^ now Lexington County^ S. C, A.D. 1737.\\nIll Mills Statistics of South Carolina, page 611,\\nwe have the following statement in reference to\\nLexington District (now County): This District,\\nwhen first settled, was merged in Orangeburg pre-\\ncincts. A parish and township were laid out in\\nabout the year 1750, and named Saxe-Gotha, in\\ncompliment to the first settlers of the country, who\\ncame from that part of German}^\\nAn entirely difierent statement may be found\\non pages 25 and 26 of Dr. Ilazelius History of\\nthe American Lutheran Church from which we\\nlearn that the name Saxe-Gotha originated in\\nQueen Anne s time, and that the first settlers of\\nthat county came from the neighborhood of the\\nRhine, Baden, and Wiirtemberg, kingdoms con-\\nsiderably removed from Saxe-Gotha.\\nBut from the Journals of Council, in the oflice\\nof the Secretary of the State, the date of the set-\\ntlement of Saxe-Gotha by Germans is unmistak-\\nably fixed to be 1737, and that few, if any, of the\\nfirst settlers of that county came from Saxe-Gotha.\\nCouncil Journal, vol. viii, p. 69: May 26th,\\n1742. Petition of John Caspar Gallier and family,\\nJohn Caspar Gieger and family, John Shalling\\nand family, Abram Gieger and family, Jacob\\nLiver and family, Julius Gredig and family,\\nCaspar Fry and family, Conrad and Caspar\\nKiintzler (now Kinsler), John Jacob Bieman and\\nfamily, Herrman Gieger and family, Elizabeth", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 127\\nSlialliiig and family, showing that, as they arrived\\nand settled in his Majesty s Township of Saxe-\\nGotha, even since the year 1737, and received his\\nMajesty s most gracious bounty of provisions and\\nwarrants for lands in Saxe-Gotha Township, but\\nthat they could not iind in what office they are,\\ntherefore they humbly pray his Honor, the Lieu-\\ntenant-Governor, and his Majesty s honorable\\nCouncil, that they would be pleased to order that\\nsearcli may be made, c., c.\\nAgain, under date 1744, John Jacob Gieger\\narrived seven years ago, is now married, and prays\\nfor one hundred acres of land over against Santee\\nRiver, opposite Saxe-Gotha, where he has already\\nbegun to clear ground and almost finished a house.\\nGranted. Subtract seven years from 1744, and\\nwe have again the date 1737, the time of the first\\nsettlement of that township by Germans.\\nFrom the above reliable source of inforniatiou\\nwe evidently perceive that Mills statement is en-\\ntirely incorrect, and that Saxe-Gotha Township\\nwas laid out and received its name long before\\nthe year 1750, as it is spoken of in the Journals\\nof Council as early as 1742, as being then a town-\\nship and known by the name, Saxe-Gotha, and\\nmay have been so called, according to Dr. Haze-\\nlius statement, dnring Queen Anne s time, pre-\\nvious to the year 1714, the time of her Majesty s\\ndeath. However, the Council Jouriuils likewise\\nprove the Doctor to have been mistaken in stating\\nthat these lands were wrested from the Germans,\\nfor they settled there, and their descendants are", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "128 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthere still, occupying the very lands which their\\nforefathers had received by warrant from the king\\nof England, showing conclusively that, inasmuch\\nas their titles came directly to them from the first\\nlegal authority, these lauds had not yet passed into\\nother hands.\\nBut it is possible that, as in the State of New\\nYork, the benevolent Queen Anne did make\\ngrants of land for church and school purposes in\\n!Saxe-Gotha Township, which, however, could not\\nbe occupied at the time, as the settlements in\\nSouth Carolina had then not been extended so far\\ninland; the Indians were still in possession of that\\nportion of the province, and the grants and good\\nintentions of the Queen were eventually lost sight\\nof and forgotten. Afterwards, when the Germans\\ndid actually locate themselves in Saxe-Gotha, new\\nwarrants were issued and secured to them b}- the\\nauthority of the then ruling sovereign, his Majesty\\nGeorge II.\\nIndependent of the actual accounts and dates of\\nthe settling of this township, we liave before us\\nthe general rule that Westward the star of em-\\npire takes its way, and that the farther westward\\nor inland the settlements were made, the later\\nwill be the dates of such settlements. This is the\\nresult of natural causes, and admits of no excep-\\ntions to the well-known rule; the tirst settlers of\\nAmerica necessarily located themselves along the\\nseashore, afterwards a little more inland, whilst\\nthe aborigines, living in the Ibrest, gradually re-\\nceded from the mai ch of civilization then further", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 129\\nencroaches were made upon tlieir territoiy, and\\n80 on, g-radually, until the Appalacliian cluiin of\\nmountains was readied. After the Revolutionary\\nWar even the mountains formed no barrier to tlie\\nsettlements of the whites, and thus, in a short time,\\nnearly all of America became populated, even be-\\nyond the valley of the Mississippi.\\nOrangeburg, South Carolina, was settled by\\nGermans in 1735; Saxe-Gotha, further inland, of\\nnecessit}^ was settled still later; hence common\\nsense will admit of no date of permanent settle-\\nment earlier than, or even as early as, that period\\nof time.\\nSaxe-Gotha comprised nearly all that portion\\nof territory embraced at present in Lexington\\nCounty; it is not many years since the name was\\nchanged, in honor of the battle of Lexington,\\nMassachusetts, by an act of legislature, which was\\na most unfortunate exchange of names, being less\\neu})honic, very inappropriate, and altogether un-\\nhistorical. Give us back the old name, and may\\nthe citizens of old Saxe-Gotha, in South Carolina,\\nnever be ashamed of their German names and\\nGerman extraction.\\nHow the name originated, as applied to this\\ntownship, it is impossible to state. It certainly\\nwas not so called in compliment to the Germans\\nwho settled there, as they came from a dilferent\\nsection of German}-; it is possible that the name,\\nSaxe-Gotha, was applied to this scope of terri-\\ntory during Queen Anne s reign, as intimated by\\nDr. Hazelius, and thus, even by name, it was to be", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "130 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndistinguished as a future home for German emi-\\ngrants.\\nThe following record of this settlement is made\\nin the Urlsperger Reports, vol. iii, p. 1791 Wed-\\nnesday, December 2d, 1741. We had heard nothing\\nbefore of Saxe-Gotha in America, but we have just\\nreceived the intelligence that such a town (town-\\nship) is laid out in South Carolina, twenty-five\\nGerman miles (100 English miles) from Charles-\\ntown, on the road which passes through Orange-\\nburg, and settled with German people. Doubtless\\nthe majority of them were German Reformed, as\\nthey have a Reformed minister among them, with\\nwhose character we are not yet acquainted. This\\nminister was the Rev. Christian Theus, of whom\\nwe shall say more hereafter. He commenced his\\nlabors in Saxe-Gotha as early as 1739.\\nThe Geiger families and their neighbors were\\nnot compelled to remain a long time as isolated\\nsettlers in their new homes; the name Saxe-Gotha\\nsounded so agreeably familiar to the ears of the\\nGermans that they flocked in numbers to this\\nGermany in America.\\nBesides, a certain German, named Hans Jacob\\nRiemensperger, contracted with the government\\nto bring over a number of Swiss settlers, many of\\nwhom he located in this township, as we learn\\nfrom Urlsperger, vol. iii, p. 1808, and from the\\nJournals of Council, on several ditferent })agos.\\nIn addition to these settlers, this same Riemen-\\nsperger, in company with a Mr. Haeg, brought a\\nnumber of or[)lian children to Saxe-Gotha, for", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 131\\nwhich service to the province, as well as for the\\nboarding of the children, they brought in their\\naccounts to the Council for payment. Vol. viii, pp.\\n69 and 70.\\nSettlement of Redemptioners.\\nSome of our best and most useful settlers in the\\nSouth were persons, who, too poor to pay their\\npassage-money across the ocean, were sold by the\\ncaptains of the vessels, that brought them to\\nAmerica, to any one of the settlers who felt in-\\nclined to secure their labor. The price for which\\nthey were sold in Carolina was usually from live\\nto six pounds, sterling money, and both men and\\nwomen were thus alike sold to service; and then,\\nby hard labor, which extended over a period of\\nfrom three to five years, they eventually redeemed\\nthemselves from this species of servitude.\\nThe advantages of such an arrangement to them\\nand to their adopted colony were, upon the whole,\\nimportant and salutary.\\n1. Our infant colonies stood in need of a useful\\npopulation which would prove a defence to the\\ncountry in case of the execution of the continued\\nthreatenings of a Spanish invasion, and the sudden\\nattack of hostile Indians.\\n2. Besides, labor was greatlj^ needed for the cul-\\ntivation of the virgin soil, and these poor Germans\\nmany of them excellent farmers, some of them\\nuseful artisans, and all of them hard-working\\npeople furnished this labor, and at very cheap\\nrates.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "132 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n3. The country also needed permanent settlers\\nwho would become habituated to the soil and cli-\\nmate, who would learn to love their adopted coun-\\ntry, by being compelled to remain until they had\\nfully tested all the advantages of the same; these\\nthe Redemptioners abundantly supplied in their\\nown persons.\\n4. Kor were the advantages to them of slight\\nimportance. They had nothing to risk in the\\nshape of property, as they possessed nothing of\\nthis world s goods, and thus they never became a\\nprey to those landsharks which often despoil the\\nless sagacious immigrants of much of the posses-\\nsions which they brought with them to America.\\n5. Besides, they were the poorer class of people\\nat home in Europe, and would always have re-\\nmained in this condition, had such an arrangement\\nnot existed; but now they enjoyed the flattering\\nprospect of receiving competeuc}^ and wealth at\\nsome future day.\\n6. Then again, their servitude became their ap-\\nprenticeship in America; in the meantime they\\nlearned the English language, they became ac-\\nquainted with the laws and customs of the new\\ncountry, the} discovered by silent observation\\nwhat would in future be to their advantage, and\\nthus in every way did they become qualitied by\\nsagacity, industry, and economy, for their new and\\nindependent sphere of life.\\nYet it must be confessed that they had to endure\\nmany hardships; often were they rigorously treated\\nby their ship captains; ill and insufliciently fed on", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 133\\ntheir voyage across the oceau, and on shore before\\nthey were purchased for their services; exposed\\npublicly for sale as the African sUxve; Often treated\\nharshly by their masters who purchased them, and\\ncompelled to labor in the broiling sun of a south-\\nern climate, and many, by disease and death, fre-\\nquently closed their short earthly career.\\nHowever, when our country had become suffici-\\nently populated, the government interposed and\\nput an end to this kind of servitude, on account\\nof the severity of the lot of these unfortunate la-\\nborers, and thus abandoned this source of coloni-\\nzation. In confirmation of these facts, the follow-\\ning extracts will furnish abundant proof, and are\\nherewith submitted\\nJournals of Councils, vol. xiv, p. 37, January\\n24th, 174i: Read the petition of a considerable\\nnumber of Protestant Palatines, most humbly\\nshowing that the poor petitioners have been on\\nboard the St. Andrew s, Captain Brown com-\\nmander, these twenty-six weeks past, and there is\\nas yet no likelihood for them to get free of her,\\nbecause there are none of us yet who have pur-\\nchased their service; they therefore humbly pray\\nhis Excellency and Honors that they may find so\\nmuch favor as to their passages that a sum equiva-\\nlent to discharge the same be raised by the gov-\\nernment, for which they promise to join in a bond\\nto repay the same within the term of three years,\\nwith lawful interest; and that if any of them shall\\nnot be able to pay the above sum within that time,\\nthat the government in that case shall have full", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "134 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\npower to dispose of tliem and their families as tliey\\nshall think proper, c. Ordered to make investi-\\ngations, and report.\\nVol. xiv, pp. 62 and 63: Several Protestant\\nPalatines, who arrived hither on Captain Brown s\\nship, and whose services have not as yet been pur-\\nchased, sent a complaint, by their interpreter, to\\nthe governor, that the said Captain Brown had often\\nwithheld their diet from them on board his ship,\\nand that they had been several days without meat\\nor drink; particularly that last Friday they were\\nthe whole day without any, the least, sustenance,\\nand had been the like for several days before, and\\nnot only they, but all the rest of the Germans that\\nstill remain on board Captain Brown s ship.\\nCaptain Brown being sent for and interrogated\\nwhether he had used those foreigners in the man-\\nner they had represented, answered, that if they\\nhad asked him for food in their language he would\\nnot have understood them.\\nHis Excellency ordered the captain s steward\\nto be sent for, who attended accordingly, and the\\noriginal contract between Captain Brown and\\nthose Palatines in Holland was also sent for and\\nlaid before the Board, which being read and the\\nparticular species of diet that was allowed for\\nevery day of the week specified, his Excellency\\nasked, in particular, if the said Germans had been\\nfed last Friday in the manner contracted for?\\nThe steward replied that the Germans would\\nsometimes reserve the taking of diet on certain\\ndays in order to have double allowance another.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 135\\nBut his Excellency gave Captain Brown to under-\\nstand that as he was by virtue of his contract\\nbound to maintain those foreigners till they were\\ndisposed of, if any should die for want while\\naboard his ship, he must answer for their lives\\nafter which they withdrew.\\nThe accounts of the trials and hardships of these\\npersons, as narrated in the Urlsperger Reports,\\nare entirely too numerous to be inserted in these\\npages; those who feel inclined to search for them-\\nselves are referred to the volume and page of\\nthose Reports, where they can find all they desire\\nto know concerning the Redemptioners. Vol. i,\\np. 10 vol. ii, pp. 2472, 2482, 2508. How the Re-\\ndemptioners conducted themselves can be learned\\nfrom vol. ii, pp. 2193, 2200, 2213, 2221, 2404, 2413.\\nOne account is here translated for the informa-\\ntion of our readers. Vol. ii, p. 2472:\\nThe poor people which Captain Thomson\\nbrought over with him as servants for this colony\\nare chiefly Palatines and Wiirtembergers, a whole\\nvessel full of men, women, and children; these\\nare to be sold for five years service, but for which\\nthe inhabitants have neither money nor provisions.\\nAn adult person costs \u00c2\u00a36 55., sterling. After I\\nhad preached to these poor people from Rom. 8\\n28, they thronged around me and besought me to\\ntake them to our place (Ebenezer, Georgia), but\\nwhich was out of my power. An old widow of\\nfifty years, who had lost her husband at sea, and\\nwho, on account of her age, was despised and neg-\\nlected, have I besought General Oglethorpe to\\nrelease, and sent her to our Orphan House.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "136 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThis was the general condition of these poor\\npersons in ahiiost every seaport of America. The\\nfollowing extracts indicate that many such ser-\\nvants were sold and located in Saxe-Gotha, and\\nafter their legal discharge from servitude they ob-\\ntained tlie king s bounty and tracts of land, the\\nsame as other settlers.\\nJournal of Council, vol. xi, p. 486 Petition of\\nJohn Wolfe and wife, natives of Berne, Switzer-\\nland, too poor to pay passage-mone} entered\\ninto the service of Anthony Stack, of Saxe-Gotha,\\nfor three years, being now discharged from ser-\\nvice, prays for his quota of land and bounty-money.\\nGranted, on evidence of his written legal dis-\\ncharge.\\nVol. xi, pp.142 and 143: Fullix Smid, of\\nSwitzerhmd, servant of David Ilent, lately deceas-\\ned, discharged by his executors, applied for and\\nreceived 150 acres of land and bounty in Saxe-\\nGotha.\\nIt is useless to multiply instances, which could\\neasily be done; these extracts will fully show the\\ncorrectness of all the foregoing statements, and\\nthat Saxe-Gotlia, with many other settlements, re-\\nceived her full share of this class of useful settlers,\\nwho proved to have been upoPi the whole a great\\nbenefit to their adopted country.\\nDuring the period that intervened between the\\nyears 1744 and 1750, Saxe-Gotha received a large\\ninflux of population, and much of the available\\nland of that township was then occupied. The\\nvessel which bore them across the ocean was the\\nship St. Andrew, Captain Brown, commander,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 137\\nwho donbtless treated bis paying passengers well,\\nalthough he acted so nnfeelingly to those who\\nwere to be sold for their passage-money. Mention\\nis likewise made of a Captain Ham, who brought\\notber German settlers to South Carolina, but\\nwhose passengers chiefly located themselves in\\nOrangeburg, whilst others settled in Saxe-Gotha.\\nAll these German colonists came mostly from\\nthose provinces bordering on the Rhine, such as\\nSwitzerland, Baden, the Palatinate, and Wlirtem-\\nberg. They excelled as tillers of tlie soil, and\\nwere accustomed to the culture of the vine, and\\nthus they constituted the very class of people\\nwhich did become greatly serviceable to the pros-\\nperity of Carolina, but whose influence upon the\\nphysical welfare of their adopted country has been\\nas yet little noticed by the various historians of\\nthe South.\\nThe Saxe-Gothans were fortunate and blessed\\nin obtaining the services of a pious and faithful\\npastor all the records extant speak in the strongest\\nterms of praise concerning him, but, at the same\\ntime, all agree in stating that he had a hard life\\nof it, that he was not appreciated, that he was\\noften persecuted for righteousness sake, and this\\ntreatment he received at the hands of the very\\npeople for whose good he labored and prayed.\\nTwo years after the first settlers set foot upon the\\nsoil of Saxe-Gotha, the Rev. Christian Theus ar-\\nrived and labored in their midst; and as these\\nsettlers were not neglected in the administration\\nof the means of grace, which unfortunately was\\n12", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "138 THE LUTHEKAN CHURCH\\nthe case with many others of the early colonists,\\nthey really had no excuse for their conduct, and\\nshould have treated their pastor in the most friendly\\nmanner.\\nDr. Muhlenberg s^ journal^, publislied in the\\nEvangelical Review, vol. i, p. 540, contains the\\nfollowing statement:\\nOctober 22, 1774. This afternoon I had an ac-\\nceptable visit from the Reformed minister, the\\nRev. Theus, of the Congaries (Congaree River),\\nin South Carolina, 120 miles from Charleston.\\nHis brother Theus, a painter, lately deceased, re-\\nceived me as a stranger most kindly into his house\\nwhen, thirty-two years ago, I travelled through\\nhere on my journey from Savannah to Philadel-\\nphia, and atforded me an opportunity to preach on\\nSunday to the then yet few German families. The\\nLord requite his love in eternity! The aforesaid\\npastor, Theus, came with his parents into this\\ncountry from Switzerland as a candidatus (heolof/ice,\\nwas examined and ordained by the Reverend\\nEnglish Presbyterian Ministerium, and since 1739\\nhas performed the duties of the ministerial office\\nin the scattered country congregations among the\\nGerman Reformed and Lutheran inhabitants, and\\nhas conducted himself with the propriety and\\nfidelity due his station, according to the testimony\\nof capable witnesses. We had agreeable conver-\\nsation, and he promised me a written account of\\nchurch matters in these country congregations,\\nwhich, moreover, he is best able to furnish, having\\nlived longest in this country, and being an erudite\\nman.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 189\\nIt is to be regretted that this w7 iUen account of\\nchurch juatiers, if Dr. Muhlenberg ever received\\nit, has never been published; what interesting\\nmaterial it could now furnish the Church, which\\nmust forever be buried in oblivion\\nThe Doctor continues: He also furnished me\\nwith a more detailed description of the sect men-\\ntioned October 5th, the members living near him.\\nAt a certain time he came unexpectedly into their\\nmeeting, and found Jacob Weber contending\\nthat he was God, and the said Smith Peter (or\\nPeter Schmidt) insisting that he himself was\\nChrist, and that the unconverted members must\\nbe healed through his stripes. Pastor Tlieus, op-\\nposing such bhisphemy, the leaders became en-\\nraged and threatened his life, and counselled with\\nthe rabble whether to drown or hang him. He\\nescaped, however, from their hands, fled to the\\nriver, and fortunately found a negro with his canoe\\nat the shore, sprang into it, and was conveyed\\nacross.\\nHere we have the impartial testimony of Rev.\\nDr. Muhlenberg, gathered from capable wit-\\nnesses, of the parentage, ordination, date of min-\\nistry in Saxe-Gotha, piety and learning of the\\nRev. Christian Theus, up to the period immedi-\\nately preceding the Revolution. This brief nar-\\nrative, coming from such a source, is not only en-\\ntitled to our entire credit, but speaks as much of\\nthat devoted man of God as though a volume were\\nwritten to perpetuate his name and memory.\\nRev. Theus lived to be an ao-ed man, for we", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "140 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndiscover his name in the list of members of the\\nCorpus Ecangelicum, and present at every meet-\\ning of that body until the year 1789, the last meet-\\ning of which the records are still extant. How\\nmuch longer he was spared to do good we know\\nnot; but from the dates which are in our posses-\\nsion, he had at that time been half a century in\\nthe ministry of his Savior.\\nHis resting-place is still pointed out to the\\nstranger, and is located in a tield along the state\\nroad, between Columbia and Sandy Run, about\\neight miles from Columbia. It is the only grave\\nthat can still be seen there, and tradition says that\\nhis dwelling was located not far from that grave-\\nyard. Mr. Abraham Geiger, now also in eternity,\\nerected the tombstone, at his own expense, at the\\nhead of Rev. Theus grave, to perpetuate his mem-\\nory. Had Mr. Geiger not performed this labor\\nof love, the Church and the world would never\\neven have known where the first pastor of Saxe-\\nGotha, the contemporary of Geissendanner, Bol-\\nzius and Gronau, had been laid down to rest. The\\ninscription is now much defaced by the hand of\\ntime, and can scarcely be deciphered; nevertheless,\\nwe are thankful for this much, and would wish that\\nwe could gather similar mementoes of the resting-\\nplaces of all the first German ministers in the\\nSouth. The inscription reads as follows:\\nThis stone points out where the remains of\\nRev. Christian Theus lie. This faithful divine\\nlabored through a long life as a faithful servant\\nin his Master s vineyard, and the reward which", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 141\\nhe received from many for his Labor v/as ingrati-\\ntude.\\nRev. J. B. Anthony, one of the kite pastors of\\nSandy Run Lutheran Church, adds yet this infor-\\nmation, published in the Lutheran Observer, A.D.\\n1858: Among the octogenarians of this vicinity\\nwe have not been able to learn much more of Mr.\\nTheus than the rude stone, now standing in a\\nvast cotton-field, records. Few now living recol-\\nlect to have seen him. No records of those early\\ntimes are known to exist. The small school-\\nhouse, which is said to have stood near his grave,\\nhas long since disappeared. A few other graves\\nare said to be here, but as no stones can be found\\nin tliis sandy section to place at the head and foot,\\nlight-wood knots are frequently substituted by the\\npoor, hence, when these decay, there is nothing\\nleft to mark the place.\\nThe spiritual and moral condition of the Saxe-\\nGothans is not very highlj extolled in the Urls-\\nperger Reports. Rev. Bolzius, who gives us the\\naccount, may have been somewhat prejudiced, in-\\nasmuch as his Ebenezer colony had lost some\\nrunaway white servants, who probably concealed\\nthemselves in the neio;hborliood of the Cono^aree\\nRiver, and in several pages of his diary he berates\\nboth the Saxe-Gothans and the government of\\nSouth Carolina that they were not returned; thus,\\nperhaps, his human feelings were too much en-\\nlisted on the side of prejudice and interest whilst\\nspeaking of these people. We insert the follow-\\nin extract", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "142 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nUrlsperger Reports, vol. iv, p. 672: Wednes-\\nday, April 25, 1750. The German Evangelical\\nLutheran inhabitants of Congaree, in South Caro-\\nlina, which new settlement has been named Saxe-\\nGotha, had besought me, several months ago, to\\ncome to them and preach for them, and admin-\\nister the Lord s Supper. I sent them books suit-\\nable for the edification of adults and the instruc-\\ntion of children, and wrote them that my circum-\\nstances did not permit me to make so long a\\njourney. Kow I have received another letter, in\\nwhich the former request is renewed, and in which\\nthej likewise beseech me to assist them in the\\nerection of a church and in obtaining a pastor.\\nThey have a congregation of about 280 souls, who\\nall could attend church if the house of worship\\nwere erected in the midst of their plantations.\\nThe Reformed have received 500 pounds,\\nCarolina currency, from the government, which\\namounts to something more than 500 guikiers,\\nfor the building of a church, but no one is in-\\nterested for the Lutherans, unless I would do\\nsomething in their behalf. They live with the\\nReformed in great disunion, at which I showed\\nmy displeasure in my former letter. A few fjimi-\\nlies have removed from this place among them,\\nwho might have supported themselves very well\\nhere; afterwards three adult youths were per-\\nsuaded to leave their service liere, and two (white)\\nservants ran away, all of whom are harbored in\\nthe Congaree settlement. The citizens them-\\nselves, as a Carolina minister once wrote me,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 143\\nlived disorderly among each other, and estimate\\ntheir Reformed minister very low. I have no\\nheart for this people. If they were truly con-\\ncerned about God s word, then so many unworthy\\npeople would not have located in their midst, as\\nthere are other places where good land and sub-\\nsistence may be obtained.\\nIn this very letter they inform me that they\\nhave built both a saw-mill and a grist-mill, and\\nexpect to build more of the kind. Why then\\nshould they be unable to erect a house of worship\\nif they were sincerely in earnest?\\nThe above record in Bolzius diary, published\\nin the Urlsperger Reports, is in strict accordance\\nwith the testimony of Dr. Ilazelius on the Weber-\\nites which sect arose some ten years later, with\\nDr. Muhlenberg s account, with the inscription\\non the tombstone on Rev. Theus, and with several\\nliving witnesses, who were contemporaries with\\nmany old citizens of a former day, whose narra-\\ntives they still well remember.\\nWhilst many of the Saxe-Gothans were not\\ndevoid of blame, and deserved censure in those\\ndays, there v^^ere others whose life and conduct\\nwere praiseworthy, and others who were devotedly\\npious, and who were anxious to enjoy the bless-\\nings of the means of grace, and it is sad that Rev.\\nBolzius permitted his feelings of interest for his\\nown colony to cause him to act so unfriendlj^ to-\\nward this people, and to send no kind word of\\nencouragement to them, when they besought him\\nto visit them and break to their hungry souls the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "144 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbread of life. Who knows what good he might\\nhave accomplished by a friendly visit? Who\\nknows what future evil, e.g., that Weber heresy,\\nhe might have been the instrument of preventing?\\nBesides all this, he, as a minister of the Gospel\\nand of like persuasion with these people, had no\\nright to withhold his influence and sympathy from\\ntwo Jmndred and eighty souls, (we are surprised at so\\nlarge a number) who extended such a Macedonian\\ncall to him, and besought him twice to interest\\nhimself in their behalf in procuring a minister\\nfor them, who were almost as sheep without a\\nshepherd. Who could calculate the influence the\\nLutheran Church would have exerted in those\\nregions, had this large congregation been properly\\ncared for, and supplied with the means of grace?\\nBesides, had Rev. Bolzius been instrumental in\\nsecuring a pious and elHcient pastor for them at\\nthat early period, and this pastor, laboring side\\nby side with Rev. Thens, how much that faithful\\nservant s hands would have been strengthened,\\nand how much good seed might have been sown,\\nspringing up to everlasting life, which would\\nhave entirely changed the spiritual and moral\\ncondition of this people. Deprive men of the\\nGospel and the Sacraments, take away or refuse\\nto give them the benign influences of Christianity,\\nand we need not be astonished at disorderly\\nliving and heresy in doctrine.\\nAnother Lutheran minister in South Carolina\\nat this time, A.D. 1750, and one of the right char-\\nacter. Rev. Giessendanner beint;: then in Orange-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 145\\nburg, who, in that event, might have remained\\nin the Lutheran Church, with the three Eben-\\nezer pastors in Georgia, these five might have\\nformed the nucleus for a Lutheran Synod in tlie\\nSouth, almost as old as the Pennsylvania Synod,\\nAvhich could have instructed and ordained other\\npious men for the Gospel ministry. At a later\\ndate the pastors of other established Lutheran\\nconsre^ations would have connected themselves\\nwith this Synod; their synodical reports sent to\\nthe city of Augsburg, in Germany, would have\\nmade the Urlspergei* Reports as interesting in its\\nrecords of Church affairs, as the Halle reports are\\nnow, filled, as they are, with general accounts of\\nChurch matters in the entire Province of Penn-\\nsylvania, and not simply the detailed accounts of\\ndaily occurrences in a single settlement. What\\nshort-sighted people even the most pious ministers\\nof the Gospel sometimes are!\\nThe present citizens of old Saxe-Gotha, now\\nLexington County, are an entirely different people;\\ntheir forefathers could not prevent unworthy set-\\ntlers from locating themselves among them. Many\\nof those depraved men met an untimely death in\\nthe war with the Cherokees; a few perished miser-\\nably at the hand of administrative justice; others\\nwere cut off by disease and an early death; whilst\\na number moved to other parts of the country.\\nIt is exceedingly doubtful whether many of those\\nreprobates left their descendants behind them in\\nSaxe-Gotha, as all traces of Weber and Schmidt\\nhave eutirely disappeared.\\n13", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "146 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nWe have seen that Rev. Theiis came to the\\nCongaree settlement in the year 1739. In what\\nbuilding he first preached is unknown, but ar-\\nrangements were soon made for the erection of a\\nchurch. As early as 1744-5 John Jacob Riemeu-\\nsperger petitioned tlie government of South Car-\\nolina to do something toward the erection of\\nchurches and school-houses for the German set-\\ntlers in various localities; otherwise they would\\ncontinue to do what many had done heretofore,\\nmove with their families to Pennsylvania, where\\nall these advantages could be enjoyed. That the\\ngovernment entered into such an arrangement we\\nhave already seen from the Urlsperger Reports,\\nfor five hundred pounds currency was donated\\nfor the building of a German Reformed Church,\\nwhich, we presume, had been completed at that\\ntime, A.D. 1750, and the people were enjoying\\nthe means of grace in their new house of worship.\\nTradition informs us that this German church\\nstood near the spot where the remains of Rev.\\nTheus are deposited, but it has long since been\\nno more. We now turn to an ancient map of\\nSouth Carolina, originally published in 1771 and\\n1775, and recently reprinted in Carroll s Collec-\\ntions. Near the Congaree River, a short distance\\nbelow the confluence of the Saluda and Broad\\nRivers, and in the township of Saxe-Gotha, a\\nchurch is laid down, bearing the name St. John s.\\nThis substantiates all the above-mentioned records\\nand traditions, gives us the exact locality of that\\nchurch, which, in the proper proportion of dis-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 147\\ntances, would be tlie very spot where the grave\\nof Rev. Theus can still be seen, and furnishes,\\nfurthermore, the name by which that church was\\nknown. This house of God must have been de-\\nstroyed during the Revolutionary War, as all\\ntraces of the same after that period appear to\\nhave been lost; it is not mentioned in the general\\nact of incorporation of all the German churches,\\npassed by the legislature of South Carolina in\\n1788.\\nDuring the years 1759 and 1760, the people of\\nSaxe-Gotha suffered greatly from the ravages of\\nthe Cherokee war. During the time that the\\nFrench and English were at war with each other\\nin the colonies of America, which however did\\nnot reach as far south as the Carolinas; the French\\ninstigated the Cherokee Indians to make war upon\\nthe peaceful settlers of the two Carolinas, who\\nmurdered the white inhabitants at midnight, whilst\\nthey were wrapped in their peaceful slumbers, and\\ncommitted atrocities at which humanity shudders.\\nThe Congaree and Fork settlements were then\\nmostly exposed to the fearful inroads of the sav-\\nages, as but few settlers were living further in\\nthe interior than the Germans were at that time.\\nBolzius informs us, that many were compelled\\nto take refuge among the Germans at Ebenezer\\nand Savannah, whilst others fled for safety to\\nCharleston, Purysburg, and other places, until\\nthose Indian hostilities were ended, and peace\\nand security was again restored.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "148 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 12. The German Settlers from. Pennsylvania\\nin Central North Carolina, A.D. 1750.\\nHad a traveller from Pennsylvania visited, about\\nforty or fifty years ago, portions of the present\\ncounties of Alamance, Guilford, Davidson, Rowan,\\nCabarrus, Stanly, Iredell, Catawba, Lincoln and\\nsome others in the State of North Carolina, he\\nmight have believed himself to have unexpectedly\\ncome upon some part of the old Keystone State.\\nHis ear would have been greeted with sounds of\\nthe peculiar dialect of the Pennsylvania-German\\nlanguage, familiarly known as Pennsylvanisch-\\nDeutsch, a language made up of the dialects\\nused in the ancient Palatinate, Wiirtemberg and\\nother countries bordering along the Rhine, inter-\\nmixed with English words, which plainly indicate\\nthat many of their forefathers were some of those\\nProtestant refugees, who fled from the persecutions\\nof Louis XIV, king of France, and were brought\\nto America under the kind and fostering care of\\nQueen Anne of England.\\nThis language, however, has almost become ex-\\ntinct in North Carolina; a few aged persons may\\nstill be found, who are fond of conversing in that\\nkind of German with those who are acquainted\\nwith it, but in a few more years the last vestige of\\nPennsylvania-German will be sought for in vain\\nin this State, where once even many of the negro\\nslaves of these Germans spoke no other language.\\nFamily names are to be met with in this section\\nof North Carolina, which are familiar in Mont-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 149\\ngomery, Berks, Lehigh and JSTortharapton Coun-\\nties of Pennsylvania, such as the Propsts, tlie\\nBostians, the Kleins (Cline), the Trexlers, the\\nSchloughs, the Seitzs (Sides), the Reinhardts, the\\nBibers (Beaver), the Kohlmans (Coleman), the\\nDerrs (Dry), the Bergers (Barrier), the Behringers\\n(Barringer), and many others still abounding both\\nin Pennsylvania and North Carolina.\\nOur supposed traveller might have worshiped\\non Sundays in churches, where the services Avere\\nstill conducted entirely in the German language,\\nin which both the Lutheran and German Reformed\\nhad equal rights and privileges, and each denomi-\\nnation alternately worshiped therein, as is still\\nthe case in many parts of Pennsylvania. The\\never-present Gemainshaftliches Gesangbuch\\n(union hymn-book) suited to the taste, at that\\ntime, of both denominations, would have been\\nfound in general use; and, at the centre of one of\\nthe long sides of the church, there would have\\nstood the high and goblet-shaped pulpit, with a\\nsounding-board suspended overhead of the officia-\\nting minister; a few such shaped pulpits may be\\nseen in this State to the present day, but they will\\nsoon be numbered with the past.\\nThe farm-yard of these Germans still abounds\\nwith fine and well-fed horses, and the old Penn-\\nsylvania four-horse wagon securely housed in the\\nshed between two corn-cribs, with the bow-shaped\\nbody suspended above it upon chains, ready to be\\nlet down in its position on the wagon, whenever it\\nshould be needed.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "150 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIn the dwelling-house, and behind a cheerful\\nwood-lire, during the winter season, one might still\\nnotice a heavy iron plate placed upon the hearth\\nto protect the back of the chimney, having singular\\ndevices cast upon its face, such as no ironworks of\\nmodern times are known to mould, with German\\nsentences and Redting Furniss (Reading Fur-\\nnace) standing out in relief, indicating that they\\nwere cast in the city of Reading, Berks County, at\\na time when those extensive iron manufactories of\\nPennsylvania were yet in their infancy, and per-\\nhaps brought along to North Carolina with the\\nemigrants from the Keystone State.\\nOn the blank pages of the old German Bibles of\\nthose first German settlers of North Carolina, we\\nmay frequently find the story of their colonization,\\nstating that they were born in Pennsylvania at\\nsuch a date, and that they emigrated to North\\nCarolina and settled in such a county of that\\nProvince. Besides, all the aged citizens of that\\nsection, where the German descendants are located,\\nwill tell you that their ancestors came originally\\nfrom Pennsylvania, and here and there you may\\nmeet a family, like the Heilig family, who still\\nkeep up a friendly intercourse with some of their\\nrelatives in Pennsylvania.\\nThe conclusion then evidently is, in the absence\\nof all State documents on that subject, and the\\nsilence of all historians of North Carolina, that\\nthe Province of Pennsylvania, and not Germany,\\nfurnished North Carolina with the most of her", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 151\\nnumerous German settlers, located in the central\\nand western part of the State.\\nThe cause of their migration from Pennsylvania\\nto North Carolina may be found recorded in Wil-\\nliamson s History of North Carolina, vol. ii, p. 71,\\nwhich, however, he applies only to their neighbors,\\nthe Scotch-Irish settlers Land could not be ob-\\ntained in Pennsylvania without much difficulty,\\nfor the proprietors of that Province purchased the\\nsoil by small parcels from the natives, and those\\nlands were soon taken up; and at that early\\nperiod no one ventured to cross the Alleghany\\nMountains for the purpose of settling there, so\\nthe seekers after new homes went southward in-\\nstead of westward, and kept to the east of the\\nrange of the Alleghanies, until they found unoc-\\ncupied lands where they could make their settle-\\nments. Williamson informs us, vol. ii, p. 71,\\nthat Lord Carteret s land in Carolina, where the\\nsoil was cheap, presented a tempting residence to\\npeople of every denomination.\\nThe eastern portion of North Carolina having\\nbeen settled at an early date by various colonies\\nof English, Swiss, and German Palatines at New-\\nberne, French Huguenots, and Scotch refugees,\\nand these colonies having, in process of time,\\nlocated their descendants as far inland as Hills-\\nboro on tlie northern side of the Province, and the\\nPedee River on the southern side, with a number\\nof Quakers and Scotch-Irish among them; an en-\\ntirely new class of colonists, the Germans from\\nthe Province of Pennsylvania, as above described.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "152 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\narranged themselves on vacant lands to the east-\\nward and westward of the Yadkin River, wiiilst\\nthe Scotch-Irish from the same Province, who had\\nalways lived on friendly terms with their German\\nneighbors in Pennsylvania, soon followed them\\nsouthward, and occupied vacant lands mostly to\\nthe westward of the German settlers, along both\\nsides of the Catawba River; these again, Germans\\nand Scotch-Irish, at a later day, formed settlements\\nof their descendants in the western part of the\\nState. This is the brief story of the settling of\\nNorth Carolina; the difierent European nationali-\\nties from which these settlers originated, occupy-\\ning strips of land across the State mostly in a\\nsouthwesterly direction, like so many strata of a\\ngeological formation.\\nThe Pennsylvania Germans journeyed in much\\nthe same manner as did the later colonists to the\\nWestern States, before railroads afforded a cheaper,\\nsafer and more speedy mode of transportation;\\nevery available article for house and farm use,\\ncapable of being stowed away in their capacious\\nwagons, was taken with them; and then the caval-\\ncade moved on, every able-bodied person on foot,\\nwomen and children on bedding in the wagons,\\nand cattle, sheep, and hogs driven before them;\\nthey travelled by easy stages, upon the roads of\\nthe picturesque Cumberland and Shenandoah\\nValleys, crossing the Bhie Ridge Mountains in\\nsonic })art of Vii ginia, until they reached the land\\nof their hopes and promise.\\nIt is impossible to date precisely the arrival of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "IN NOKTH AND SOUTH CAKOLINA. 153\\nall those German colonists from Pennsylvania, as\\nthey all depended upon themselves for leaving\\nhome and journeying southward; they arrived\\ncontinuously for a nnmher of j-ears in succession,\\nusually leaving home in the fall season, after all the\\nharvesting was over and the proceeds of the year s\\nlabor could be disposed of; they arrived at their\\nplaces of settlement just before the commencement\\nof the winter season. The first arrival of the\\npioneer train may have occurred about the year\\n1745, but the large body of these German colonists\\ndid not commence to settle in North Carolina until\\nabout the year 1750; this maj be gathered partly\\nfrom tradition, partly from old family records in\\ntheir German Bibles, but mostly from the title-\\ndeeds of their lands, which were always dated\\nsome years after their actual settlement, atfording\\nthem time to decide upon a permanent location,\\nand to make some other necessary arrangement,\\nhaving to run no risk in losing their titles by the\\ndelay of a few years.\\nThese German settlers were all industrious,\\neconomical, and thrifty farmers, not afraid nor\\nashamed of hard labor, and were soon blessed\\nwith an abundance of everything, which the fertile\\nsoil and temperate climate of that portion of North\\nCarolina could furnish them. As they were all\\nagriculturists, they generally avoided settling\\nthemselves in towns; uninformed in the ways of\\nthe world, ignorant of the English language, and\\nunacquainted with the shrewdness necessary for\\nmerchandising, yet well informed in their own", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "154 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nlanguage, and well read in their Bibles and other\\ndevotional German books, they remained at their\\nown country homes, and enriched themselves with\\nthe productions of the soil; hence we witness the\\nfact, that very few Lutheran and German Reformed\\nchurches were erected in the towns of North Car-\\nolina at that early day; and when, in process of\\ntime, it did become necessary to build churches in\\nthe villages and towns of the State, it was found\\nexceedingly difficult to get the members from the\\ncountry to become accustomed to the new ar-\\nrangement.\\nInasmuch as these settlers located themselves\\nso gradually, as before stated, besides being di-\\nvided into two denominations, it was some time\\nbefore thej^ were sufficiently numerous to have a\\npastor located and permanently settled among\\nthem sermons and prayers were usually read on\\nSunday by their German school-teaciier, and when-\\never they were permitted to enjoy the regular ad-\\nministration of the preached word and sacraments,\\nwhich was but seldom, it was afforded them by\\nsome self-appointed missionary, whilst their school-\\nteacher usually buried their dead with an appro-\\npriate ceremony from the German liturgy, and, in\\ncase of urgent necessity, baptized their children.\\nSection 13. The. Moravians at Salem, N. C,\\nA.D. 1753.\\nThe first colony of Moravians settled in Georgia\\nin the year 1735, under the leadership of lit. llev. A.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 155\\nG. Spangenberg, a bishop in the Moravian Church,\\nor Unitas Fratrum, as that Church is sometimes\\ncalled. This new colony came one year later than\\nthe first arrival of the Lutlieran Salzburgers at\\nEbenezer, Georgia, and located itself between\\nSavannah and Ebenezer. The Moravians, how-\\never, did not remain long in Georgia; in 1737 a\\nwar broke out between the Eno lish colonies and\\nthe Spaniards, who believed themselves aggrieved\\nby the colonization of Georgia under English\\ngovernment, and regarded it as an encroachment\\nupon their territory this war was renewed in\\n1739, and the Moravians, who were conscientiously\\nopposed to taking up arms, were nevertheless\\ncompelled to do so, contrary to the promise made\\nthem, that they should be exempt from military\\nservice; hence they believed themselves necessi-\\ntated to abandon houses and lands in Georgia, and\\nremoved to Pennsylvania, in 1738 and 1740, the\\npeaceful government of the Quakers in that Prov-\\nince being well suited to their conscientious\\nscruples against war. Here the Moravians now be-\\ngan their settlements at Bethlehem and Nazareth,\\nand likewise their missions among the Indians in\\ndifferent parts of Pennsylvania and New York.\\nIn the year 1751, the Moravians were induced\\nto purchase one hundred thousand acres of land\\nin North Carolina, from Lord Granville, President\\nof the Privy Council of the government of Great\\nBritain; Bishop Spangenberg was commissioned\\nto locate and survey this large tract of land, and\\njourneyed with some friends, during the month of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "156 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nAugust, from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, to Eden-\\nton, North CaroHna, where he was accompanied\\nby the surveyor-general, and at iirst attempted to\\nlocate the tract towards the head-waters of the\\nCatawba, I^evv and Yadkin Rivers, but sufiered\\nso much from sickness, cold and hunger, that\\nthey retraced their steps, and located the tract\\nfarther eastward, in the present county of Forsyth,\\nto the east of the Yadkin River. The general\\ndeed for the whole tract, containing 98,985 acres,\\nwas signed and sealed August 7th, 1753, and re-\\nceived the name of The Wachovia Tract, in\\nhonor of one of the titles of Count Zinzendorf,\\nwho wan lord of the Wachau Valley in Austria,\\nand the founder and head of the Moravian Society\\nunder its present new organization.\\nThe sources whence the above information is\\nprincipally derived are the Urlsperger Reports,\\nLife of Bishop Spangenberg, and Martin s History\\nof North Carolina, but the following continued\\nnarrative is copied from Martin s History, Vol.\\nI, pp. 28-30, et seq., of the Appendix.\\nIn order to facilitate the improvement of the\\nland, to furnish a part of the purchase-money, and\\nto defray the expenses of transportation, journey,\\ne., of the first colonists, a society was formed,\\nunder the name of I he Wachovia Society, consisting\\nof members of the Brethren s church and other\\nfriends. The directors of it were Bishop S[)angen-\\nbcrg and Cornelius Van Laer, a gentleman resid-\\ning in Holland. The members of it, who were\\nabout twenty, received in consideration for the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 157\\nmoney which they advanced, two thousand acres\\nof the land. This society was again dissolved in\\n1763, having proved very beneficial and answered\\nthe intended purpose.\\nIn the autumn of the year 1753, the first colo-\\nnists, twelve single brethren or unmarried men,\\ncame from Bethlehem to settle upon the land.\\nThey had a wagon, six horses, cattle, and the neces-\\nsary household furniture and utensils for husbandry\\nwith them. After a very tedious and fatiguing\\njourney, by way of Winchester, Evan s Gap, and\\nUpper Sauratown, on which they spent six weeks,\\nthey arrived on the land the 17th of JSTovember,\\n1753, and took possession of it. A small deserted\\ncabin, which they found near the mill creek, served\\nthem for a shelter or dwelling-house the first win-\\nter. On the spot where this cabin stood, a monu-\\nment was erected in the year 1806, with the in-\\nscription, Wachovia Settlement, begun the 11 th Novem-\\nber, 1753. They immediately began to clear some\\nacres of land, and to sow it with wheat. In the\\nyear 1754, seven new colonists, likewise single\\nbrethren, came from Bethlehem. It was resolved,\\nthat on the same spot where the first settlers had\\nmade already a small improvement, a town should\\nbe built, which was named Bethabara (the house\\nof passage), as it was meant only for a place of so-\\njourning for a time, till the principal town in the\\nmiddle of the whole tract could be built at a con-\\nvenient time. Bishop Bohler, who was here on\\na visit from Bethlehem, laid, on the 26th of ]^o-\\nvember, the corner-stone for the first house in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "158 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthis town, which was appointed for a cliurch and\\ndwelling-house of the single brethren, with pra3 er\\nand supplication to our Lord that he might pros-\\nper the work. He likewise examined more accu-\\nrately the greatest part of the Wachovia tract,\\ndivided it into proper parts for improvement, and\\ngave names to several creeks, which are yet some-\\ntimes used, and are to be found in deeds and pub-\\nlic records.\\nIn Ma} 1755, Bishop David Nitschmann came\\non a visit from Bethlehem, and on the 11th of the\\nsame month the first meeting-house was conse-\\ncrated, which solemn transaction was attended\\nwith a gracious feeling of the divine presence.\\nMany travellers and neighbors have heard after-\\nwards, in this house, the word of life with joy and\\ngratitude.\\nIn the year 1758, the Cherokees and Cataw-\\nbas, who went to war against the Indians on the\\nOhio, often marched through Bethabara in large\\ncom[)anies, sometimes several hundreds at once,\\nand the Brethren were obliged to find them quar-\\nters and provisions for several days. The Chero-\\nkees were much pleased with the treatment the}^\\nreceived, and gave to their nation the following\\ndescription of Bethabara The Dutch fort, where\\nthere are good people and much bread.\\nIn 1759, the town of Bethany was laid out,\\nthree miles north of Bethabara, on Muddy Creek,\\nand divided into thirty lots and at the end of the\\nyear 1765, the number of inhabitants in Bethabara\\nwas eighty-eight, and in Bethany seventy-eight.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 159\\nIn the year 1766, the beginning was made to\\nbuild Salem, the principal settlement of theUiiUas\\nFrairimi in North Carolina, five miles to the south-\\neast from Bethabara. Hitherto, all the brethren\\nand sisters who settled in ISTorth Carolina came\\nfrom Pennsjlvania, but in this year the first com-\\npany, consisting of ten persons, came from Ger-\\nmany by way of London and Charleston. Salem\\nwas laid out the year previous by Frederick Wil-\\nliam von Marshall, senior civilis of the Unitas\\nFratrum. It was resolved that Salem should be\\nbuilt in the same manner and have the same regu-\\nLitions as Herrnhut, Niesky, Bethlehem, and\\nother settlements of the United Brethren, wherein\\nthe unmarried men and boys, and the unmarried\\nwomen and girls live in separate houses by them-\\nselves. The house for the unmarried men or sin-\\ngle brethren was built in the years 1768 and 1769.\\nTwo other settlements were made on the Wa-\\nchovia Tract, named Friedharg and Friedlaiid,\\nduring the years 1769 and 1770, each having their\\nown meeting-house and school, which received a\\nconsiderable number of settlers from Germany\\nand from that part of Massachusetts which is\\nnow the State of Maine. Another settlement re-\\nceived its name, Hope, and was made in 1772, by\\ncolonists from Frederick County, Maryland.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, the Moravians\\nagain suffered severely on account of their pecu-\\nliar principles not to take up arms personally, and\\nwere obliged at times to pay large amounts of\\nmoney for substitutes for all those who were", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "160 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndrafted as recruits for the American army, but\\nwere, at last, exempted from military service by\\ntakius: the oath of alleo^iance and fidelity to the\\nState of Carolina and the United States, and pay\\na triple tax, which they accordingly did, and re-\\nmained unmolested.\\nAbout eight miles above the Hope meeting-\\nhouse, and ten miles from Salem, on the west side\\nof Muddy Creek, a meeting-house was built in\\n1782, by a German Lutheran and Reformed con-\\ngregation, wherein, since the year 1797, divine\\nservice is held by one of the ministers of the\\nBrethren s church, every fourth Sunday, in the\\nGerman language.\\nIn the year 1804, the well-known Salem Female\\nAcademy was founded. The building was com-\\nmenced the year previous, and has educated a\\nlarge proportion of the matrons and daughters of\\nthe Southern States, From the beginning of\\nthe institution, in May, 1804, to the end of the\\nyear 1807, about one hundred and twenty 3 oung\\nladies, from North and South Carolina, Virginia,\\nKentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia, received their\\neducation in it, of whom, at the end of 1807,\\nforty-one remained in the Seminary.\\nThis narrative of the Moravian settlement in\\nand around Salem, North Carolina, has been in-\\ncluded in this history, because it is also a German\\nsettlement, and was established bj- a religious de-\\nnomination near akin to thcLutheran Church, with\\nthe Augsburg Confession as the basis of their\\nfaith. Besides two of the ministers, connected", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 161\\nwith the Lutheran Synod of North Carolinn, came\\nfrom this settlement of Moravians: the Rev. Gott-\\nlieh Shoher, ordained by the Lutheran Synod of\\nNorth Carohna in 1810, and who labored in some\\nLutheran churches in the vicinity of Salem, N. C,\\nbut who also retained in some way his connec-\\ntion with the Moravians, residing all his life in\\nSalem and the Rev. S. Rothrock, still living\\nand doing good service in the North Carolina\\nSynod.\\nSection 14 The German Lutheran Colony at Hard\\nLabor Greeks Abbeville County^ South Carolina^\\nA.n. 1763 and 17GJp.\\nA few years before the Revolutionary War,\\nthere occurred a most interesting instance of Ger-\\nman colonization, which added greatly to the\\ngrowth and strength of the Province of South\\nCarolina, and which, likewise, ought to have con-\\ntributed much to the permanent establisbment of\\none or more Lutheran churches in tliat vicinity\\nhowever, the facts, as taken from Hewatt s His-\\ntory of South Carolina and Georgia, vol. ii, pp.\\n269-272, will speak for themselves.\\nNot long after this, during the j^ears 1763 and\\n1764, a remarkable atfair happened in Germany,\\nby which Carolina received a great acquisition.\\nOne Stiimpel, who had been an officer in the king\\nof Prussia s service (Frederick the Great) being\\nreduced at the peace (after the close of the Seven\\nYears War) applied to the British ministry for a\\n14", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "162 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntract of land in America, and, having received\\nsome encouragement, returned to Germany, where\\nby deceitful promises, he seduced between five or\\nsix hundred ignorant people from their native\\ncountr}\\nWhen these poor Palatines arrived in Eng-\\nland, the othcer, finding himself unable to perform\\nhis promises, fled, leaving them in a strange land\\nwithout money, Avithout friends, exposed in the\\nopen fields, and ready to perish through want.\\nWhile they were in this starving condition, and\\nknew no person to whom they could apply for\\nrelief, a humane clergj man, who came from the\\nsame country, took compassion on them, and pub-\\nlished their deplorable case in the newspapers.\\nHe pleaded for the mercy and protection of gov-\\nerimient to them, until an opportunity might ofier\\nof transporting them to some of the British col-\\nonies, where he hoped they would prove to be\\nuseful subjects, and, in time, give their benefactors\\nample proofs of their gratitude and attection.\\nNo sooner did their unhappy situation reach\\nthe ears of a great personage, than he immedi-\\nately set an example to his subjects, which served\\nboth to warm their hearts and open their hands\\nfor the relief of their distressed fellow-creatures.\\nA bounty of three hundred pounds sterling was\\nallowed them; tents were ordered from the Tower\\nfor the accommodation of such as had paid their\\npassage and been permitted to come ashore;\\nmoney was sent for the relief of those that were\\nconfined on board.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "IN KORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 163\\nThe public-spirited citizens of London, famous\\nfor acts of beneficence and charity, associated, and\\nchose a committee on purpose to raise money for\\nthe relief of these poor Palatines. A physician,\\na surgeon, and a man-midwife, generously under-\\ntook to attend the sick gratis. From different\\nquarters benefactions were sent to the committee,\\nand in a few days those unfortunate strangers,\\nfrom the depths of indigence and distress, were\\nraised to comfortable circumstances. The com-\\nmittee, finding the money received more than\\nsufficient to relieve their present distress, applied\\nto his Majesty (George III), to know his royal\\npleasure with respect to the future disposal of the\\nGerman Protestants. His Majesty, sensible that\\nhis Colony of South Carolina had not its propor-\\ntion of white inhabitants, and having expressed\\na particular attachment to it, signified his desire\\nof transporting them to that Province. Another\\nmotive for sending them to Carolina, was the\\nbounty allowed to foreign Protestants by the Pro-\\nvincial Assembly, so that when their source of\\nrelief from England should be exhausted, another\\nwould open after their arrival in that Province,\\nwhich would help them to surmount the difficul-\\nties attending the first state of cultivation.\\nAccordingly, preparations were made for send-\\ning the Germans to South Carolina. When the\\nnews was communicated to them, they rejoiced,\\nnot only because they were to go to one of the\\nmost fertile and flourishing Provinces on the con-\\ntinent, but also because many of them had friends", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "164 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nand countrymen there before them. Two ships,\\nof two hundred tons each, were provided for their\\naccommodation, and provisions of all kinds hiid\\nin for the voyage. An hundred and fift} stand of\\narras were ordered from the Tower, and given\\nthem by his Majesty for their defence after their\\narrival in America; all of which deserves to be re-\\ncorded for the honor of the British nation, which\\nhas at ditferent times set before the world many\\nnoble examples of benevolence. Everything\\nbeing ready for their embarkation, the Palatines\\nbroke up their camp in the fields behind White\\nChapel, and proceeded to the ships, attended by\\nseveral of their benefiictors; of whom they took\\ntheir leave with songs of praise to God in their\\nmonths, and tears of gratitude in their eyes.\\nIn the month of April, 1764, they arrived at\\nCharleston, and presented a letter from the Lords-\\nCommissioners for Trade and Plantations to Gov-\\nernor Boone, acquainting him that his Majesty\\nhad been pleased to take the poor Palatines under\\nhis royal care and protection, and, as many of\\nthem were versed in the culture of silks and vines,\\nhad ordered that a settlement be provided for\\nthem in Carolina, in a situation most proi)cr for\\nthese purposes. Though this settlement met with\\nsome obstruction from a dispute subsisting at that\\ntime between the Governor and Assembly, about\\ncertain privileges of the house, yet the latter could\\nnot help considering themselves as laid under the\\nstrongest obligations to make provision for so\\nmany useful settlers. Accordingl} in imitation", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 165\\nof tlie noble example set before them in London,\\nthey voted five hundred pounds sterling to be dis-\\ntributed among tlie Palatines, according to the di-\\nrections of the Lieutenant-Governor, and their\\nnecessities. That they might be settled in a bod^^,\\none of the two townships, called Londonderry,\\nwas allotted for them, and divided in the most\\nequitable manner, into small tracts, for the accom-\\nmodation of each family. Captain Calhoun, with\\na detachment of the Rangers, had orders to meet\\nthem by the way, and conduct them to the place\\nwhere their town was to be built, and all possible\\nassistance was given towards promoting their\\nspeedy and comfortable settlement.\\nIn the State Library at Raleigh, North Carolina,\\nto which the writer had access by invitation of the\\nlate Governor Ellis, he found an old map of South\\nCarolina, and discovered that Londonderry Town-\\nship is the exact locality answering to that of\\nHard Labor Creek in Abbeville County, at which\\nplace, as is well known, a settlement of Germans\\nwas made, and a Lutheran church and congrega-\\ntion once existed so that this fact, in connection\\nwith corresponding dates, besides they having\\nbeen met by Captain Calhoun, which family set-\\ntled and resided in Abbeville District, and various\\nother circumstances, prove bej ond a doubt that\\nthis interesting account, given by Ilewatt, is the\\nstory of the colonization of our German Lutheran\\nbrethren at Hard Labor Creek.\\nDr. Hazelius history informs us (p. 120) that\\nformerly there existed among them a Lutheran", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "166 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nchurch and congregation, as it was incorporated\\nby the legislature, February, 1788, under the name\\nand title of St. George, on Hard Labor Creek,\\nand a few years ago, whilst on a visit to Abbeville,\\nthe writer was informed that the old church edi-\\nfice was still standing.\\nThese settlers had also their own pastor, for at\\nthe time when the above-mentioned visit was made\\nthere were persons still living who had heard him\\npreach in St. George s Church.\\nThe last account we have of this congregation\\nmay be found in the journal of Rev. R. J. Miller s\\nmissionary tour, published in the minutes of the\\nSpring Session of the North Carolina Synod, of\\n1812, an extract of which is here given:\\nSaturday, November 9th, 1811. I arrived in\\nthe evening, after having crossed Saluda River,\\nat a Mr. Robert Smith s, on Hard Labor Creek,\\nwhere my appointments were to commence. Sun-\\nday, the 10th, I preached in a German meeting-\\nhouse; here was forn)erly a Lutheran congrega-\\ntion, but no remains of them (Lutherans) are now\\nto be found; here the Methodists and Baptists\\nhave pulled each other out of the pulpit. Every\\nperson seemed very attentive. Here is a full proof\\nof the necessity of missionary preaching. Bro-\\nthers Dreher, Meetze, and Fulmar, from the con-\\ngregation on Saluda, met me here.\\nThe period of time Avhen the above reported\\nvisit of Rev. R. J. Miller was made, and even he-\\nfore that time, was the trying period of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in the South the want of ministers", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 167\\nto feed the flock was felt everywhere; the people\\nlived as sheep without a shepherd, and soon be-\\ncame a prey to ravening wolves; and this congre-\\ngation in Abbeville District, being somewhat iso-\\nlated and remote from the present flourishing\\nchurches in the central and southern part of the\\nState, and having become vacant, could not be\\neasily visited by the few Lutheran ministers then\\nlaboring in South Carolina, they having their\\nhands full and their time occupied in laboring\\namong the other churches committed to their\\ncharge, and so the Lutheran congregation on\\nHard Labor Creek very naturally became extinct,\\nand thus an interesting page in the historj of our\\nLutheran Church in the South is practically lost\\nto us.\\nSection 15. Other German Settlements., particularly\\nin South Carolina.\\nIt is impossible to give a correct account of all\\nthe smaller settlements of Germans in the two\\nCarolinas, inasmuch as no records concerning\\nthem have been preserved, either in the colonial\\nannals of these two States, or in the various other\\npublished or unpublished historical reports, from\\nwhich reliable information might be obtained.\\nIn North Carolina the German emigrants from\\nPennsylvania, that scattered themselves over the\\ncentral and western part of the State, located them-\\nselves in companies wherever they found vacant\\nlands to be occupied, and continued to arrive", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "168 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nalmost every year from 1740 to the breaking out\\nof the Revohitionary War. In additiou to tliese\\nyearly arrivals, the okler settlements in the State\\nbegan likewise to send out new colonies farther\\nwestward in this State, and in this manner were\\nnew settlements of Germans formed east and west\\nof the Catawba River.\\nIn South Carolina a number of other German\\nsettlements were made, which have not yet been\\nnoticed the one in Barnwell County was doubt-\\nless formed by the breaking up of the Dutch col-\\nony on James Island, the gradual absorption of\\nthe unsuccessful German and Swiss colony at\\nPurysburg, and the influx of other German set-\\ntlers from Orangeburg County. In much the same\\nmanner wei c German settlements made along the\\nboundary line of Richland and Fairtield Counties,\\non Cedar and Dutchman s Creeks. The most of\\nthese colonists doubtless came from adjoining\\nolder settlements; as the one at Saxe-Gotha Town-\\nship, Lexington County, was nearest to Richland\\nand Fairfield, it may have supplied the German\\nelement residing there. On Cedar Creek there\\nwas once a German church, which bore the name of\\nGerman Protestant Church of Apii-Forum, and\\nwas incorporated by legislative enactment in 1788.\\nFi oni the best accounts that we can gather at this\\nlate date, this congregation, having been so long\\nneglected by our Lutheran and German Reformed\\nministers, became at last absorbed by and into a\\nMethodist congregation in the vicinity. The\\nNewberry County Germans were mostly all de-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 169\\nscendants from the original German settlers in\\nSaxe-Gotba Township, with an occasional addi-\\ntion from the German settlements of Korth Caro-\\nlina and Virginia.\\nIn the southern part of Edgeiield County, along\\nthe Savannah River, and opposite the city of Au-\\ngusta, Georgia, there was a township laid out at\\nan early date, bearing the name of ]^ew Windsor;\\nhere a number of German emigrants were located,\\nthat were brought over to America by the Rev.\\nBartholomew Zauberbiihler of Orangeburg noto-\\nriety, or came over to South Carolina under his\\ninfluence; at a later date an addition of German\\nemigrants was made to this new colony, who were\\nbrought there by John Jacob Riemensperger, who\\nappears to have been commissioned so to do by\\nthe provincial government of South Carolina; it\\nis possible that the German descendants, now re-\\nsiding in the central part of Edgefield County,\\ncame originally from this settlement and Saxe-\\nGotha Township. This supposition is strength-\\nened by the fact that Riemensperger brought col-\\nonists also to Saxe-Gotha, which may have induced\\nboth settlements to locate a colony on lands lying\\nabout midway between them.\\nRev. Dr. Muhlenberg speaks of meeting a cer-\\ntain Philip Eisenman in Charleston during his\\nvisit there in 1774; this Eisenman informed him\\nthat he was a resident of Old Indian Swamp,\\nfifty miles in the country, who arranged his barn\\nfor public worship, and they (he and his neigh-\\nbors) have accepted as preacher a young man\\n15", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "170 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nlately arrived from Germany, and who might\\nanswer for a schoolmaster. The Doctor does not\\nmention his name, nor does he speak very highly\\nof his attainments. A church, bearing the name\\nof The German Protestant Church of St. George\\non Indian Field Swamp, was incorporated by\\nthe legislature iii 1788. Taking these facts to-\\ngether, it is proper to conclude that a German\\nsettlement was made fifty miles from Charleston,\\nthat these Germans had a church of their own,\\nwhich Avas doubtless unitedlj Lutheran and Re-\\nformed, as it bore the name German Protestant,\\nbut where to locate the church is now a matter of\\nimpossibility, as the afore-mentioned swamp is not\\nshown on any of the old or modern maps of South\\nCarolina; it is probable, however, that it had its\\nposition in Barnwell County, where there are\\nLutheran Churches at the present time.\\nAbout the year 1750, a German colony from\\nthe Palatinate arrived in South Carolina, and\\nafter some delay, settled in what was then\\ncalled Anson County, North Carolina, along\\nthe boundary line between the two provinces, on\\nlands that are now located in Union County,\\nl^orth Carolina, and Lancaster and Chesterfield\\nCounties, South Carolina, many of whose descend-\\nants are still living, and are gathered in Lutheran\\ncongregations belonging to the Tennessee Synod.\\nIn company with this colony came the Rev.\\nJohn Nicholas Martin, one of the first pastors of\\nSt. John s Lutheran Church, Charleston, South\\nCarolina, but at that time a layman, and the father", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 171\\nof a family with several children. According\\nto Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg s statement, he was a\\nself-taught man, and was said to have been or-\\ndained afterwards by the Lutheran pastors at\\nEbenezer, Georgia. He did not remain long in\\nAnson County, ISTorth Carolina, but, in company\\nwith the larger portion of his fellow-colonists,\\nremoved to the fork of Saluda and Broad Rivers,\\nin South Carolina, where they found permanent\\nhomes, and where afterwards they were also\\nserved in spiritual things by Rev. Martin, after\\nhaving been pastor in Charleston from 1763 to\\n1767, but who finally located himself permanently\\nin that city.\\nSection 16. Hessian Deserters dmnng the Revolution.\\nThe period of the Revolutionary War was one\\nof aore trial to all the American colonies, and the\\nGerman settlers underwent an amount of sutiering\\nno less than that of other citizens; the thirteen\\nProvinces numbered at that time three millions of\\ninhabitants, and these had established their homes\\nwith but few exceptions, east of the Alleghany\\nMountains. It was a severe trial for them to take\\nup arms and send ablebodied men into the battle-\\nfield, when they were needed at home in develop-\\ning the resources of their countr} which had been\\nbut partially reclaimed from its primeval condi-\\ntion. Thousands left home and enlisted for the\\nwar, who never again returned, but whose bodies\\nfilled the honored graves of the patriot soldier;\\nthousands of widows and orphans lamented their", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "172 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nirreparable loss, and a void was created in the\\nheart and a vacancy at the fireside, which in most\\ncases w^as never again filled.\\nEngland supplied her depleted ranks in the\\narmy from the overcrowded population of other\\nEuropean countries, whose military service she\\nprocured by large subsidies to the sovereigns of\\nthese people, and bounty money to the purchased\\nsoldier, thinking to gain thereby a two-fold ad-\\nvantage, that of saving her British subjects, who\\nwent reluctantly to fight against their own flesh\\nand blood, for so were the American colonists\\nregarded, and that of preventing desertion to the\\nAmerican army and cause of liberty and indepen-\\ndence. It was confidently supposed that the Ger-\\nman soldiers, mostly Hessians, numbering a little\\nover seventeen thousand men, ignorant of the\\nEnglish language, generally spoken in America,\\nwould be proof against the seductive representa-\\ntions made by the Americans; and to make this\\nfancied security doubly sure, the most incredible\\nstories concerning the character of the Americans\\nwere freely circulated among the Hessians.\\nHowever, one thing the British government\\nhad entirely overlooked, namely, that numbers of\\nthe American citizens were Germans and German\\ndescendants, still bearing German names, pos-\\nsessed of German characteristics, and speaking\\nthe German language. No sooner did the Hes-\\nsian soldiers come in contact with these German-\\nAmerican citizens, than they deserted the ranks\\nof the British army whenever they found a safe", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 173\\nopportunity for so doing, and fled to the German\\nsettlements, to be delivered from the dangers and\\nhardships of a war in wliich they had no interest.\\nIn these settlements the identity of the Hessian\\ndeserters soon became lost to the British, and the\\nGerman farmers were only too happy to have the\\nHessians in their midst as laborers ever to betray\\nthem to the British, who were their own enemies\\nas well as they were dangerous foes to the Hes-\\nsian deserters. The Hessians discovered that\\nthese American-Germans were both civilized and\\nchristianized, contrary to the slanderous tales cir-\\nculated by the British leaders; and though they\\nwere not originally from the same German prov-\\nince, yet they spake the German language, and\\nwere generally of the same faith with themselves.\\nBesides, they discovered that land was cheap and\\nlabor scarce, and that better prospects were before\\nthem in America, than they could ever hope to\\nfind on their return to Germany after the termina-\\ntion of the war.\\nIn tliis manner were the German settlements at\\nthe North, where the Hessians first landed, sup-\\nplied with a valuable addition to their strength\\nand farther south, particularly in the Carolinas,\\nmany honest, industrious, and useful German set-\\ntlers came in good time to supply the loss that had\\nbeen caused by the war. These did not, and of\\nnecessity could not, form separate settlements, as\\nthat would most certainly have endangered tlieir\\nsafety as long as the war continued, but they lo-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "174 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ncated themselves among the German farmers, who\\nhad ah-eadj been establislied in this country.\\nAmong these Hessian deserters was one who\\nafterwards became a Lutheran minister in South\\nCarolina, named John Yost Miitze, known better\\nas Rev. J. Y. Meetze, and whose history was ob-\\ntained from one of his sons. He deserted near\\nCharleston at the time the British army was be-\\nsieging that city from the other side of Ashley\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0River; he Avas pursued some thirty miles, but\\nfinally made his escape over Bacon s bridge, where\\nhe was safe within the American lines. Pie located\\nhimself in Saxe-Gotha Township, now Lexington\\nCounty, six miles above the present county-seat,\\nand became the forefather of a large and influen-\\ntial family in that section of the country The\\nfollowing tablet inscription marks the spot where\\nhis remains now repose\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. J. Y. Meetze,\\nwho departed this life May 7th, 1833, aged 76\\nyears, 5 mouths, and 6 days.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 175\\nCHAPTER II.\\nCONDITION AND HISTORY OF THE GERMAN COLONIES\\nIN THE CAROLINAS TO THE CLOSE OF THE\\nREVOLUTIONARY WAR.\\nSection 1. A Brief Review of the Planting of the differ-\\nent German Colonies in North and South Carolina.\\nThe child is the father of the man; this is a\\ntrite but true saying, and is the key that unlocks\\nmany of the peculiar mysteries of habit, manners\\nand customs, as well as the moral, intellectual\\nand religious life of any community. The condi-\\ntion of an infant colony has much to do with its\\nfuture development one age of the world suc-\\nceeds another as naturally, and adjusts itself to\\nthe preceding age- as appropriately as do the sev-\\neral pieces of mosaic in making a grand whole a\\nperfect picture; and, inasmuch as there can be no\\neffect without a cause, it is always necessary to\\nstudy the character and condition of the early\\ncolonies, if we desire to understand fully their\\npeculiarities of the present time.\\nIt is not to be supposed that the German settle-\\nments in the Carolinas would form the only excep-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "176 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntion to this general rule. With these truths before\\nus, and kept always in view, the peculiar difter-\\nences, that still mark the North and South Caro-\\nlina German descendants at the present day, can\\nbe easily understood. Local and State govern-\\nments have had something to do with the forming\\nof these peculiar characteristics, but when we re-\\nflect that these governments are the creatures of\\nthe settlers of each county, then we are again\\nthrown back upon the original condition of the\\nfirst colonies.\\nAgain, it is not to be supposed that the German\\nforefathers, coming directly from various parts of\\nGermany or from the Province of Pennsylvania,\\nwould leave their German peculiarities at home,\\nand be ready to adopt the manners and customs of\\nthe settlers who preceded them and among whom\\nthey lived, or be moulded into their religious be-\\nlief and peculiar ecclesiastical usages. This doubt-\\nless was the case with those German settlers, who\\nwere isolated and cut off from all intercourse with\\ntheir brethren, and where other elements of colo-\\nnization predominated, but not until after process\\nof time, when a generation or two had passed\\naway.\\nThe Dutch were the first Lutheran settlers in\\nthe Carolinas, and history has informed us how\\nstrennousl} they, with others, resisted the en-\\ncroachments of the Church of England upon their\\nlaitli, and how they struggled against the eflbrts\\nof the Proprietary government of South Carolina\\nto make Episcopalians of them and their children;", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 177\\nwhilst the German and Swiss colony at IsTewberne,\\nNorth Carolina, in course of time, submitted to\\nthe arrangement of a change of their faith, when\\nmade in a more conciliatory spirit and manner.\\nHowever, as both these colonies became practi-\\ncally lost to the faith of their early founders, it is\\nunnecessary to follow them any farther, as on this\\nwise their original identity was lost; although a\\nnumber of the Dutch settlers found congenial\\nhomes, and preserved their original fjiith among\\nGerman settlers in other parts of South Carolina.\\nCharleston, Purysburg, Barnwell, Orangeburg,\\nSaxe-Gotha, Edgefield and Newberry received\\ntheir Teutonic element previous to the year 1740,\\nand inasmuch as, with the exception of Purys-\\nburg, the descendants of these settlers are still to\\nbe met there, and the Lutheran Church is firmly\\nestablished among them, it is pi-oper to examine\\nthe condition of these early settlements to under-\\nstand their peculiar characteristics manifest at the\\npresent day. They received their principal\\nstrength from several German nationalities; na-\\ntives of Switzerland, the Palatinate, Austria, VViir-\\ntemberg, Holland and the Hessian States, located\\nthemselves principally in those parts of South\\nCarolina, and all, of course, brought their peculiar\\nnational characteristics with them, and were so\\nfar beneficial to each other as to ijicrease their in-\\ntellectual and practical acquirements in almost\\nevery department of life, for they could communi-\\ncate to each other the ideas and information which\\nthey received in their different mental and religious", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "178 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntrainings, as well as what was customary and ad-\\nvantageous in the useful arts in their native coun-\\ntries. Besides, the Swiss element largely pre-\\ndominated over any one of the other German na-\\ntionalities, and these Switzers, coming from the\\nland of William Tell, were born and cradled in a\\nrepublic, lived in an adopted country which had\\noverthrown the Proprietary government in 1719,\\nbecause of its oppressive rule in that province\\nneed any one then be astonished at their love of\\nliberty, and the prompt assertion of their inaliena-\\nble rights?\\nTheir peculiar ecclesiastical condition is like-\\nwise the result of their early colonial training;\\nin the interior of South Carolina the Lutherans\\nand German Reformed did not continue long as\\ntwo separate denominations, owing to the neglect\\nof the German Eeformed Church in taking care\\nof their congregations so far south, and failing to\\nsupply them with ministers of the gospel after the\\nolder ministers there had all died. This, no doubt,\\nthe German Reformed Church in America could\\nnot avoid, and thus the members of that Church\\nin those settlements soon lost their ecclesiastical\\nidentity, many having connected themselves with\\nthe Lutheran Church; whilst others, who were\\nagain necessarily neglected b}- the Lutherans, were\\nabsorbed by other denominations. In Charleston\\nthe ecclesiastical union of Germans extended still\\nfarther, and embraced even those who were at-\\ntached to the Roman Catholic faith, of which the\\nRev. Dr. Velthusen, of lielmstaedt, Germany, re-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 179\\nports in his preface to the North Carolina Cate-\\nchism, as follows: We have likewise the assur-\\nance from other parts of America, that our books\\nof instruction are suitable to their wants. Besides,\\nvarious of these books have been also introduced\\nin Charleston, by the approval and support of the\\ncongregation, for the instruction of their youth.\\nThis congregation may be looked upon as an ex-\\nample of Christian harmony, for it is composed of a\\nunion of Lutherans^ German Reformed and Catholics,\\nall of whom live, according to the testimony of -^(jJr^\\ntheir pastor, the Rev. Mr. Faber, very peaceably n nj^\\ntogether, although they are educated in different ^p.\\nprinciples of religion. They visit the house of\\nGod faithfully, and contribute equally for the sup-\\nport of divine worship. Thus were these dif-\\nferent elements united, communicating to each\\nother their peculiar faith and church usages, re-\\ntaining, however, the Lutheran name up to the\\npresent time.\\nThe only other extensive settlement of Germans\\nin South Carolina was the one in Abbeville County,\\non Hard Labor Creek, which remained Lutheran\\nfor a number of years, but, owing to neglect on\\nthe part of the Lutheran Church in supplying\\nthose people with the much-needed means of grace,\\nthey became, in course of time, lost to the Lu-\\ntheran faith entirely.\\nIn North Carolina there existed an entirely dif-\\nferent state of things; all the German settlers,\\nwith the exception of those who were located at\\nNewberne, came mostly from Pennsylvania during", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "180 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\na period of twenty-five or thirty years before tlie\\nRevolutionary War; even the Moravians at Saleni\\nand vicinity came originally and mostly from that\\nProvince; consequently, one will find Pennsyl-\\nvania ideas, habits, manners and customs pre-\\nvailing among the German descendants in North\\nCarolina, and here and there the Pennsylvania-\\nGerman dialect still spoken among the aged. In\\naddition to that, the Lutherans, German Reformed\\nand Moravians have always preserved their eccle-\\nsiastical identity, and although the Lutherans and\\nReformed built many joint-churches for them-\\nselves, in which both these denominations wor-\\nshiped alternately, that arrangement has not ma-\\nterially interfered with their respective faith and\\necclesiastical usages.\\nAgain, these North Carolina German settle-\\nments have been mostly made in the country, as\\nthose colonists from Pennsylvania were principally\\nfarmers, and continued to follow their peaceful\\nand unambitious pursuits for many years, and\\nuntil recently, they cared to make but little prog-\\nress in intellectual pursuits beyond that which\\ntheir forefathers enjoyed, they continued their\\nGerman schools and German worship for a long\\ntime, and but few of their descendants engaged\\nin mercantile pursuits, or sought distinction and\\nprominence in the arena of political life; and, as\\na general thing, they also adhered all the more\\nclosely to the faith and church usages of their\\nforefathers. Besides, with the exception of the\\nGerman and Swiss settlers atNewberne, the three", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 181\\nGerman denominations of N orth Carolina have\\nlost but very little by the proselyting encroach-\\nments of other denominations, compared Avith the\\nGerman settlements of almost every other State\\nin the Union,\\nThis is doubtless owing to various circum-\\nstances firsihj, they were more strongly attached\\nto their own peculiar faith; secoiidly, thej^ remained\\nmore closely together in their own settlements,\\nand when they did colonize, it was generally done\\nin such a manner as to have a number of German\\nfamilies locate in the same new settlement; thirdly^\\nthey were more regularly supplied with the means\\nof grace in their own churches, although there\\nwere some exceptions to this condition of things\\nin certain localities ;/o^a-^A(y, the German colonies\\nwere established in North Carolina at a later date,\\nwhen the parent Churches in Europe had become\\nfully awakened to the importance of taking care\\nof their interests in America.\\nSection S. Trials and Difficulties of the Early\\nSettlers.\\nThe trials of strangers in a strange land under\\nthe most favorable circumstances, when the neces-\\nsaries and comforts of life are at their command,\\nare sufficiently numerous and hard in themselves;\\nthe feeling of loneliness, the separation from af-\\nfectionate relatives and friends, the sighings Ach\\nund Weh produced by home-sickness, especially\\nsuch as the Swiss emigrant must have felt, when", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "182 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nhe contrasted the grandeur of the Alpine scenery\\nin his native land with his surroundings in the\\nCarolinas, located, as he was, upon the level and\\nsandy plains, which extend there along the At-\\nlantic coast. In the same manner^ doubtless, were\\nalso the German Palatines aiFected, although war\\nhad driven them from their peaceful homes, when\\nthey remembered the beautiful banks along the\\nKhine and its vine-clad hills, which they had left\\nbehind them never to behold again all of which\\ntended to make the heart sink within them in\\nmental anguish and despondency. Wise indeed,\\nas well as kind, was the divine injunction given\\nto the children of Israel, Deut. 10:19: Love\\nye, therefore, the stranger for ye were strangers\\nin the land of Egypt.\\nYet how much greater must have been the\\nanguish and suffering of the early colonists, who\\neither willingly or necessarily abandoned home\\nwithout the most distant prospect of return, to\\ndwell in a land that could give them no shelter,\\nuntil the log-cabin w^as erected by their own in-\\ndustry, and no necessary supplies of life, until\\nthey could cultivate these themselves; and all that\\nthey possessed to sustain life was often nothing\\nmore than what they brought with them from\\nthe vessel that conveyed them to America. The\\nfirst English colony, located on Roanoke Island\\nin North Carolina, actually perished from want,\\nand was swept away entirely; not a soul was left\\nto tell the tale of its woes and suft erings, of which\\nDr. Hawks speaks: It was subjected to the hor-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 183\\nrors of famine; time and experience would prob-\\nably have corrected the other evils we have named,\\nbut for starvation there was no remedy; and so,\\nafter the toil and suffering of years, the expendi-\\nture of much precious treasure, and the loss of\\nstill more previous life, the waves of Albemarle\\nrolled, as of old, their ripples up the deserted\\nisland beach, and the only voice heard was that\\nof the fitful winds, as they sighed through the\\nforests of Roanoke, and broke upon the stillness\\nof nature s rough repose. The white man was\\nthere no longer.\\nAnd then came also the exposure to all kinds\\nof weather and the inhospitality of climate, to\\nwhich the early settlers were as yet unaccustomed,\\nwhich, with the ignorance in regard to the pecu-\\nliarities of the new country, often locating them-\\nselves near streams of water, the malaria of which\\nsuperinduced sickness, frequently brought the\\nstrongest constitutioned person to an early grave;\\nwhilst others were so enfeebled by sickness, that\\nall their native strengtli and energy, brought with\\nthem from the Fatherland, was necessarily pros-\\ntrated. It was some time before they became ac-\\nquainted with the peculiarities of the country and\\nclimate, and discovered the healthy localities,\\nwhere they would be free from the attacks of\\nmalignant fevers, and their physical constitution\\nwould adapt itself to the climate of their new\\nhomes.\\nBut the greatest hardship of the earlj^ settlers\\nwas the occasional outbreak of hostility from the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "184 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIndians; this was a never-failing cause of appre-\\nhension and alarm, Whilst the Indians remained\\nnear them, they never felt themselves perfectly\\nsafe; war often broke out upon them quite un-\\nawares; the strong man, the helpless woman and\\nthe innocent child were not unfrequently mur-\\ndered in cold blood. In this manner did many\\nof the poor Palatines and Swiss, in and around\\nNewberue, lose their lives during the Tuscarora\\nand Core Indian war, as already related in chapter\\ni, section 7, of this history, containing an extract\\nfrom Dr. Hawks History of North Carolina,\\nWhenever the early colonists were pursuing their\\ndaily avocations, at home or in the iield, at church\\nor elsewhere, the trusty rifle had always to accom-\\npany them, so that they might be prepared for\\nany sudden attack.\\nThe sparseness of population was another great\\ninconvenience to the early settlers, both in the\\nmatter of defence against the hostile attacks of\\nthe Indians, as well as in the procuring of most\\nof the necessary articles of husbandry and do-\\nmestic life. There were but few mechanics and\\nstill fewer trading-places, where the supplies of\\ncommerce could be obtained, so that nearly all the\\nsettlers were obliged to live and labor without\\nthose thino^s which are now re2:arded as neces-\\nsaries of life. This, of course, compelled each\\nfamily to manufacture their own articles of cloth-\\ning and implements of husbandry; the loom, the\\nanvil, the tannery and the shoe-shop became nec-\\nessary adjuncts to almost every household, whilst", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 185\\nall the inmates of the family had to content them-\\nselves to live and he clad in the most primitive\\nstyle; useful industry became every member of\\nsociety at that time, and the hum of the spinning-\\nAvheel resounded in almost every dwelling.\\nSection 3. Character, Occupation and Condition of\\\\\\nthe German Settlers in the CarolincLS.\\nWherever the Germans have located themselves,\\nthey have usually manifested certain traits of char-\\nacter, which are upon the whole very commend-\\nable. Whilst the} are generally retiring and\\npeaceful in their intercourse with man, opposed\\nto riot and contention, and will patiently suffer\\nwrong for a long time, thej are nevertheless un-\\nwilling to submit to oppression when persistently\\nbrouglit to bear down upon them; they may be\\nled, their minds are open to conviction, but they\\ncannot be driven, and will determinately resist\\nall attempts to deprive them of their inalienable\\nrights.\\nThe Germans are the most industrious settlers\\nthat have ever come to America; they are willing\\nto endure any amount of toil to secure a perma-\\nnent home, or an establishment over which they\\nmay have entire control; they never shrink from\\nlabor that promises to be remunerative every-\\nthing around them must be well and profitably\\narranged, hence their farms usually present the\\nappearance of order, thrift and comfort; all work\\nmust be well done, ere it can be made satisfactory\\n16", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "186 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nto them. Besides, they, also love home and its\\ncomforts, and are iisnally slow to leave the place\\nwhich they have once secured as their own; there\\nare plantations and farms at the present day in\\npossession among the German descendants in both\\nthe Carolinas, that have never passed out of the\\nfamily, being still held by virtue of the original\\ngrant or deed made in colonial times. They\\ngenerally persevere in all their undertakings, even\\nwhen the immediate prospects are not encour-\\naging, and manage all their affairs with the strict-\\nest economy, often carrying their frugality to such\\nan extreme as to become a fault, when such\\nfrugality is no longer needed. Honest} and up-\\nrightness are also marked characteristics of the\\nGermans; they shrink from debt, and are un-\\nhappy as long as all their liabilities are not can-\\ncelled, and Avhen once a promise has been made\\nby them, it can generally be relied on, for their\\nword is usually as good as their bond; there are,\\nof course, exceptions to this general trait of char-\\nacter, yet not so many as materially to impair the\\nconfidence which is usually reposed in the Ger-\\nmans and their immediate descendants everj\\nwhere. They are slow in making changes, and\\noften tenaciously adhere for a long time to the\\npractices and conduct of their forefathers; this\\nhas been frequently attributed to them as a fault,\\ninasmuch as they appear so unwilling to make\\nprogress and keep pace with modern advance-\\nment; yet whilst this may be true, it can also be\\nsaid that they do not advance so readily in the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 187\\nvices, immoralities and fraudulent dealings of our\\nprogressive age.\\nThe Germans appear to have been specially\\nfitted in all their characteristics to make the wilds\\nof America to blossom and bloom as the rose;\\ntheir patient toil, together with their excellent and\\neconomical management, has made the soil of this\\ncountry to produce abundantly, thereby enhanc-/\\ning its material prosperity.\\nThe early German colonists were slow in aban-\\ndoning their native language, especially where\\nthey lived in settlements of their own, and did not\\ncome much in contact with other people, as was\\nthe case in agricultural districts; this was one of\\nthe causes of their having retained their peculiar\\ntraits of character for so long a time, having had\\nits influence also upon their educational, religious,\\nsocial and moral condition. They established\\nparochial schools in all their settlements, wherever\\nit could possibly be done, and a teacher could be\\nsecured, an arrangement to which they had al-\\nways been accustomed in their Fatherland, in\\nwhich the catechism was taught, as well as the\\nother branches of rudimental knowledge; neither\\nwas the Bible excluded from the school, and gene-\\nrally constituted the text-book in the reading\\nclasses by this means a vast amount of religious\\nintelligence was ditfused among the German set-\\ntlers and their descendants.\\nTheir divine service was conducted for a long\\nperiod of time in the German language, and when,\\nat length, it did become absolutely necessary to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "188 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nintroduce the English language occasional!} in\\ntheir churches, because some of their descendants\\nand some English settlers among them could not\\nunderstand the German very well, the minister or\\npastor in charge, who conscientiously favored or\\nproposed this new arrangement, often met with a\\nstorm of opposition that generally impaired his\\nusefulness, and obliged him to seek for another\\nfield of labor. His successor, however, then found\\nthe way prepared before him, and could officiate\\nin English without much opposition, the storm\\nhaving spent itself upon the pastor who first pro-\\nposed the change. This same Grerman character-\\nistic, namely, opposition to all innovations, or firm\\nadherence to the wajs of their forefathers, had\\nanother deleterious eftect it sometimes became\\nnecessary to have a church located in town, in\\norder to preserve its prosperity, when a number of\\nthe members had removed there, and the town\\nbecame the central point of the congregation, then\\nanimosities would sometimes arise, which either\\ndefeated the proposed measure, or necessitated\\nthe removal of the pastor. The long use of the\\nGerman language, whilst it exerted a deleterious\\ninfluence upon the Church in retarding its prog-\\nress, in many instances also preserved it from the\\nencroachments of error and the inroads of prose-\\nlytism, especially in the rural districts; whilst in\\ncities and towns it had the opposite effect, and\\ncaused numbers of the German descendants to\\nconnect themselves with other denominations, who", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 189\\nwould gladly have remained in the church of their\\nfathers.\\nMany of the Germans in the Province of South\\nCarolina were brought there with the design of\\nestablishing the production of silk and the culti-\\nvation of the grape-vine, with which the Swiss\\nand Palatines were well acquainted, as it was\\nthought that the soil and climate were admirably\\nadapted thereto; but it did not promise much suc-\\ncess, owing chiefly to the little demand for those\\narticles of luxury at the time, and the more profit-\\nable employment of labor in other and more nec-\\nessary articles; besides, the cost of producing silk\\nand wine was greater than in Europe. Wine\\ncould be made, as the grape-vine bears plenti-\\nfully, but the wine produced in South Carolina\\ncannot be long preserved in so warm a climate\\nwithout admixture of other ingredients, especially\\nin the lowlands, where the first German settlers\\nwere located. Planting, farming and the usefid\\narts constituted the principal employment of the\\nGermans and their descendants in the Carolinas\\nmerchandizing, especially in towns and cities,\\neventually claimed their attention also, but only\\nto a limited extent. Their mode of living, their\\nindustrious habits, and their simplicity of manners,\\nto all of which they had been accustomed in their\\nFatherland, were well adapted to the condition of\\nthe country in its early period of colonization, of\\nwhich Captain John Smith, though Governor of\\nanother Province, the Virginia Colony of James-\\ntown, very appropriately remarks: When you", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "190 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsend again, I entreat you, rather send but thirty\\ncarpenters, husbandmen, gardeners, fishermen,\\nblacksmiths, masons and diggers up of trees\\nroots, well provided, than a thousand such as we\\nhave; for except we be able to lodge them and\\nfeed them, the most will consume with want of\\nnecessaries before they can be made good for any\\nthing. [Smith s History of Virginia, vol. i, p.\\n202.)\\nThe purity of morals of the early German set-\\ntlers likewise contrasts very favorably with some\\nof the English colonists, who came to Carolina to\\nseek a change of fortune, and of whom Rev. Dr.\\nHawks writes: The outcasts of London prisons\\nand the sweepings of London kennels, then, as\\nnow, doubtless could furnish their quota to every\\nshipload of adventurers. The dissipated scions\\nof respectable families were gladly sent off, lest\\nthey should finally tarnish ancestral honors by a\\nfelon s fiite at home: the inmates of the vile slums\\nand alleys of the metropolis were but too glad to\\nescape the grasp of violated law; to leave a coun-\\ntry where they had nothing to gain and every-\\nthing to lose, because they had reached an infamy\\nand attained to a notoriety in guilt, which left\\nthem no further hope of committing crime with\\ninipunit3\\\\ In short, we may not doubt, that some\\nof the earliest colonists belonged to that class\\nwhich the poet has described as the cankers of a\\nlohg peace, and a calm world. {Hawks History\\nof North Carolina, vol. i, p. 253.)", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 191\\nSection 4- Great wa7it of the Mecms of Grace among\\nthe early German colonists in the Carolinas.\\nThe harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers\\nare few, has been the cry for more than eighteen\\ncenturies, and the want of ministers of the gospel\\nis continued to be felt up to the present time, but\\nat no time and among no people to a more alarm-\\ning extent than among the early German settlers\\nin the Carolinas. The Dutch colony on James\\nIsland, South Carolina, the Swiss and Palatine\\nsettlers in Newberne, North Carolina, the German\\nand Swiss colonists in Purysburg, South Carolina,\\nnever did have a minister of the gospel of their\\nown faith among them, and were consequently\\nlost entirely to tlie Church of their fiithers; whilst\\nall the other German settlements in these two\\nProvinces suftered more or less, and some for a\\nlono^ time, for the want of the regular adminis-\\ntration of the means of grace; and when German\\nministers did eventually come to labor among\\ntheir brethren of the same faith with themselves,\\nthe enemy had already sown his tares among the\\nwheat, which caused great spiritual degeneracy.\\nFrom A.D. 1674 to 1737, that is to say, from the\\nsettlement of the Diitch colonists to the arrival of\\nthe first German minister in Orangeburg, South\\nCarolina, embracing a period of sixty-three years,\\nduring which time a number of important Germau\\nsettlements had been made, not a single minister\\nof the gospel of their own faith labored among\\nthese settlers in that entire territory; and after", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "192 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthat time their pastors were so few in number that\\ncomparatively little good could be eifected.\\nIn some localities temporary houses of worship\\nwere erected, and grants of land were secured for\\nthat purpose; or in the absence of these, school-\\nhouses and barns were used for divine service,\\ngenerally conducted by some pious layman or the\\nschool-teacher, who read a sermon or devotional\\nessay from such books as constituted the library\\nof the early settlers. Great desire was at first\\nawakened to enjo^ the preaching of the Word\\nand the administration of the sacraments, which\\nwant was occasionally supplied by very unworthy\\nmen, who were generally denominated straggling\\npreachers, of whom Dr. E. W. Caruthers, in his\\nLife of Rev. David Caldwell, D.D., speaks as\\nfollows: Hardly any of these (preachers) were\\ncalculated to advance the interests of vital piety,\\nor to elevate the character of the people. Some\\nof them liad no kind of authority to preach, and\\nno claims on the confidence of the churches on\\nthe score of piety; but came out here, either from\\nthe Northern States or from Germany, pretending\\nto be preachers exercised an assumed authority,\\nand acted as self-constituted pastors of the churches,\\nor went from place to place, imposing on the peo-\\nple who knew no better, or were glad to meet\\nwith any one who came to them as a minister of\\nChrist.\\nThe effect of such great want of the means of\\ngrace, or the improper administration of them,\\ncan be readily imagined; it occasioned at first", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 193\\nmuch sorrow and regret among the better class of\\nsettlers, who became greatly dissatisfied with their\\nnew homes on account of this deficiency; and, as\\nin Saxe-Gotha, South Carolina, gave intimation\\nthat thej- would likewise remove from their present\\nlocation to the Province of Pennsylvania, where\\nthey could enjoy these spiritual advantages, as\\nmany had heretofore done. In Purysburg,\\nCharleston and elsewhere, a number of German\\nsettlers did leave for this very reason, and located\\nthemselves among the Salzburgers of Ebenezer,\\nGeorgia, who were supplied with two efiicient and\\npious pastors, the Revs. Bolzius and Gronau.\\nOthers again grew cold and indifferent to their\\nspiritual interests and welfare, whilst not a few\\nabandoned themselves to the dictates of their own\\ncorrupt natures, and fell from that grace and\\ntliose pious principles of which tliey were once\\npossessed; permitting their children to grow up\\nwithout a proper knowledge of God, of their duty,\\nand of the way of salvation.\\nIn one locality a singular heresy made its ap-\\npearance among a number of settlers, which ter-\\nminated in a very tragical affair, as found related\\nin the succeeding section, and may readily be un-\\nderstood as a very natural consequence of the want\\nof the means of grace administered in the regularly-\\nappointed and divinely-ordered way.\\nIn Charleston, South Carolina, the German set-\\ntlers fared somewhat better; it being the centre of\\ncommerce in that Province, and having more in-\\ntercourse with the European world, ministers of\\n17", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "194 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe gospel, who first landed there on their way to\\ntheir respective fields of labor in other parts of\\nAmerica, occasionally supplied the German citizens\\nthere with the preaching of the gospel and the ad-\\nministration of the holy sacraments; Rev. Bolzius\\nvisited them in 1734, and accomplished much good\\nin preaching and administering the communion to\\nthem for the first time; Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg,\\nwho had been sent by the Mission Society of Halle\\nto labor in Pennsylvania, landed in Charleston,\\nSeptember 21, 1742, and whilst tarrying there he\\npreached the gospel and catechized the children\\nRevs. Rabenhorst and Gerock, the one on his way\\nto Ebenezer, Georgia, and the other destined for\\nPennsylvania, likewise visited the German citizens\\nof Charleston, and labored a short time for their\\nspiritual welfare, A.D. 1753; in this manner was\\nthe flame of true religion preserved from becoming\\nentirely extinguished among them, until they se-\\ncured the services of a regular pastor in 1755.\\nBut in the rural districts of South Carolina, the\\nspiritual condition of the German settlers was\\nmost deplorable, inasmuch as, previous to the year\\n1737, not a single German pastor labored among\\nthem.\\nThe Lutherans in Saxe-Gotha Township, num-\\nbering two hundred and eighty souls, wrote to the\\nEbenezer pastors, in 1750, for a minister of their\\nown faith; but their urgent plea was not regarded,\\nwhich greatly discouraged them. Need any one\\nbe astonished at the legitimate effects of so deplor-\\nable a want of the means of ijrace as was witnessed", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 195\\nat that time in the Province of South Carolina.\\nThe settlements of Germans from Pennsjlvania\\nin the interior of xTorth Carolina were not com-\\nmenced until about this time, therefore they do\\nnot now claim our attention; but the Newberne\\ncolony of Swiss and Germans in 1710, as has been\\nstated before, was entirely neglected, and became,\\nas a necessary consequence, also entirely lost to\\nthe Church of their fathers.\\nSection 5. An Account of the Weber {Weaver) Heresy.\\nIn Saxe-Gotha Township, Lexington County,\\nSouth Carolina, and in the neighborhood of\\nwhat is now called Younginer s Ferry, there\\noriginated a sect among the Swiss and German\\nsettlers, who were called Weberites. Their heresy\\nw^as of so revolting a nature, that it would be de-\\nsirable to pass it b} in silence, if it could be done\\nwithout doing injustice to a faithful and correct\\nnarration of historical facts.\\nRev. Dr. Hazelius gives us a brief sketch of the\\ndoings of these Weberites in his American Lu-\\ntheran Church, p. 103; and the Rav. Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg has also furnished us a more extended ac-\\ncount of them in his journal, translated and pub-\\nlished in vol. i of the Evangelical Review, dating\\ntheir transactions as having occurred in the year\\n1760; nevertheless, the origin of this sect must\\nhave taken place some time before, as that is the\\ndate of the culmination of their heresy into the\\ncrime, which brought their leader to suffer the\\njust penalty of the law.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "106 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nDr. Muhlenberg s account is as follows: Mr.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Strobel, the son-in-law of Rev. Mr. Martin, a\\nwealthy tanner, sent for me in a chaise, to convey\\nme out of town to cline with him. He told me,\\namong other things, a remarkable history of an\\nabominable sect, which had arisen among the\\nGermans in South Carolina, A.D. 1760-1, and had\\nsome similarity with Knipperdolling and Jan Van\\nLeiden. They committed murders, on which ac-\\ncount one of them, named Jacob Weber, who\\ncalled himself a god, and slew a person, was\\nhanged. Their founder is said to have been Peter\\nSchmidt. The sect originated at Saluda Fork,\\nabout one hundred miles from Charleston (125\\nor 130 miles).\\nJacob Weber was a Swiss. He first became\\nan exhorter, then he advanced himself still farther,\\nbut before his end he came to his senses, and saw\\nhis error.\\nThe people in the countr}-, in general, grew\\nup without schools and instruction. Occasionally\\na self-taught (auto-didacter) minister may labor\\nfor awhile amongst them, yet it continues only a\\nshort time. The people are wild, and continue to\\ngrow wilder, for what does it profit them to hear\\na sermon every four, six, or twelve weeks, if in\\nearly youth the foundation of Divine Truth had\\nnot been laid The aforesaid sect had so far ob-\\ntained the supremacy that several families united\\nwith it for fear of their lives; numbers of both\\nsexes went about uncovered and naked, and prac-\\nticed the most abominable wantonness. One of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 197\\nthem pretended to be God the Father, another\\nthe Son, and a third the Holy Spirit; and the pre-\\ntended Father, having quarrelled with the Son,\\nrepudiated the pretended Son, chained him in the\\nforest, declared him to be Satan, and finally gath-\\nered his gang, who beat and trampled on the poor\\nman until he died he is reported also to have\\nkilled the pretended Holy Ghost in bed. A report\\nof these circumstances having reached the au-\\nthorities in Charleston, the militia were ordered to\\narrest the pretended deity, when he was tried, con-\\ndemned, and executed upon the gallows.\\nThe English inhabitants scoffed about it, and\\nsaid the Germans had nothing to fear, their Devil\\nhaving been killed, and their God having been\\nhanged. Such are the fruits of not inculcating\\nthe doctrine of Divine Truth early iu youth, and\\nof leaving man to himself. Rom. 1 21-32. This\\nsect spread from South to ISTorth Carolina, thence\\nto Maryland and Virginia, among the German\\nand English population, and has likewise left some\\nseed of this heresy in Charleston. Upon this gross\\nSatanic tragedy a more subtle temptation followed.\\nQuakers, Anabaptists, c., spread themselves in\\nthe country regions around, and appear to be better\\nsuited to the circumstances of the land at this\\ntime.\\nOctober 9th. To-day I received the original\\ncopy of a letter dictated by Jacob Weber in prison\\nbefore his death, for the benefit of his childreUj\\nwhich reads as follows:", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "198 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nJacob Weber s Confession.\\nApril 16th, 1761, being imprisoned and ironed,\\nit occurred to me and tlie jailor to transmit to my\\nbeloved children a sketch of my mournful life. I,\\nJacob Weber, was born in Switzerland, in Canton\\nZurich, in the county of Knomauer, in the parish\\nof Stifferschweil, and was raised and educated in\\nthe Reformed Church. In the fourteenth year of\\nmy age I journeyed with my brother to South\\nCarolina, leaving my parents; and soon after my\\narrival I lost my brother by death. Thus I was\\nforsaken of man, and without father or mother.\\nBut God had compassion on me amid much\\ntrouble and sorrow. He planted the fear of the\\nLord in my heart, so that I had more pleasure in\\nthe Lord, in godliness, and the Word of God, than\\nin the world. I was often troubled about my sal-\\nvation when I reflected how strict an account God\\nwould require, that I must enter into judgment,\\nand know not how it would result. Although\\nGod drew me with his grace, I found also the re-\\nverse in my corrupt nature, which was excited\\nwith the love of the world, viz., of riches, honors,\\nand an easy life.\\nMankind love a social life, and as the Lord\\ndrew me back in many wonderful waj s, I came,\\ntlierefore, nearer to him; notwithstanding I always\\nattended to my religious services and prayer, but\\nwith a heart cold and averted from God. Through\\nsuch exercises of the heart I arrived at a knowl-\\nedge of ni} sins, and learned how awfully the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 199\\nhuman race had fallen from Gocl, and how low all\\nmankind, without exception, are sunken in de-\\npravity. As soon as I experienced this, I earnestly\\nbesought God day and night for forgiveness, for\\nthe Holy Spirit, for a pure heart, and for saving\\nfaith, and I felt the necessity of retirement to re-\\nstrain my thoughts, and to prevent the Divine\\nwork from being hindered in me. In this retire-\\nment I foro;ot the turmoil of the world. In this\\nlight I regarded all vain desires and thoughts and\\nall human works as by nature damnable in the\\nsight of God. Fear and sorrow now seized upon\\nmy poor soul, and I thought, what shall I do to\\nbe saved It was shown me that nothing would\\nsuffice but being born again of water and of the\\nSpirit. Realizing that I could not be saved in\\nany other way, I prayed still more earnestly, and\\nit was shown me still more plainly by the Holy\\nGhost in my heart how sinful I was (Rom. 7), so\\nthat I stood there before the judgment of God;\\nbut the judgment of God became manifest in me,\\nso that I judged myself, and confessed- th-at I had\\ndeserved a thousand-fold to be cast from the pres-\\nence of God, and wondered that tlie forbearance\\nof the Lord had not long since hurled me, poor\\nand condemned wretch, into the lowest pit of de-\\nstruction; and then too, I saw the whole world lay\\nin sin. Feeling myself so lost, I cast myself en-\\ntirely upon the mercy of God to lead me according\\nto his holy will and pleasure, whether unto life or\\ndeath, if he would only be gracious unto my poor", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "200 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsoul for Christ s sake, and pardon my sin, and\\npurify my heart from all uneleanness. Thus I lay\\nat the feet of Jesus with all my heart in submis-\\nsion, sighing and praying night and day for his\\ngrace, and so continued for several days, until I\\nhad passed from death unto life. Then Jesus re-\\nvealed himself unto my soul. Then there was\\ngreat joy in heaven over me, a returning sinner.\\nThen all my sins were forgiven me, and I was full\\nof the Holy Ghost, and rejoiced with a joy un-\\nspeakably great. This occurred, or I experienced\\nthis joy, A.D. 1756, in the month of May. This\\ngrace caused me to despise the joy of the w^orld,\\nand to disregard its reproach, and kept me, thence-\\nforth, continually with my surety, Jesus, amid\\nmany temptations not now to be mentioned, until\\nfinally I found rest for my soul. This peace and\\ncommunion with God I possessed about two years,\\nunder every burden of affliction, for I had the\\ngrace to enable me, under all circumstances, to\\nsubmit my will to the mercy of God. Through\\nthe grace which was in me I could govern tem-\\nporal goods without danger to my soul. Upon\\nthis followed the great misery and awful fall into\\nsin, already, alas! too well known. Tiie devil\\nbringing me into a greater temptation and iall\\nthan was ever known, of which Peter Schmidt was\\nthe origin and instrument. After this, b}- the provi-\\ndence of God, I was captured and cast into prison,\\nthat I miglit recover my reason, come to a knowl-\\nedge of my great sins, and confess them before God,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 201\\nthat thus it might awaken great wretchedness in\\nmy sonl, liumble me before God and man, yea,\\nbeneath all creatures, yea, that I might account\\nmyself as the poorest worm. I often thought\\neach and every person too good to speak to me,\\nand interest himself in me. Nevertheless I sought\\ncordially the forgiveness of my sins in the blood\\nof the Lamb of God, my Redeemer, who loved me\\nand died for all my sins, and for his righteousness\\nsake arose, all which I heartily believe, because I\\nexperience again the witness of the Holy Spirit,\\nwhich testifies unto my spirit that I am a child of\\nGod. And now, my children, beloved in the Lord,\\nI must leave this world, and, perhaps, behold\\nyour face no more in this life. I commend you,\\ntherefore, to the protection and mercj of God\\nPray without ceasing, learn and read; injure no\\none willingly and wilfully while you live; labor\\nindustriously and faithfully according to your\\nability; then, if we should meet no more in this\\nworld, we may hope to meet each other in heaven,\\nin the world to come; which may the triune God,\\nFather, Son, and Holy Ghost, grant to you for the\\nsake of the ci-ucified Jesus, Amen. Such cunning\\nand celerity does Satan possess as to cause so great\\na schism and injury even among the children of\\nGod, and to lead them astraj and make them fall\\nso suddenly against their knowledge and consent.\\nMay God preserve all persons from so great a fall,\\nand trample Satan under foot, for Christ s sake.\\nAmen. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be\\nwith you and all persons, Amen. And I beseech", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "202 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nall persons who have been injured by me to for-\\ngive me, for Christ s sake.\\nWritten or dictated by\\nJacob AYaeber.\\nApril 16tli, 17G1.\\nDr. Hazelius account of this tragic affair is as\\nfollows:\\nIt was about this time that a number of our\\n(German) people, living on the banks of the Saluda\\nRiver, in South Carolina, being destitute of minis-\\nterial instruction, agreed to assemble from time to\\ntime for singing, prayer, the reading of the Scrip-\\ntures, and mutual edification. This was as it\\nshould be, but the enemy soon sowed tares among\\nthe wheat, by introducing spiritual pride among\\nthe small flock. One man, by the name of Wea-\\nver, personated Christ, another the II0I3 Spirit, a\\ncertain woman, the wife of Weaver, the Virgin\\nMary, and one poor fellow was doomed to repre-\\nsent Satan. The curiosity of the people became\\nhighly excited by the strange proceedings on Sa-\\nluda River, in the neighborhood of what is now\\ncalled Younginer s Ferry. Excess followed excess,\\nuntil at length Weaver, representing either Christ\\nor God, ordered, in virtue of his dignity, that\\nSatan should be chained in a subterranean hole,\\nand finally that he should be destroyed. For this\\npurpose they met, placed the unfortunate man in\\na bed, covered him with jiillows. on which some\\nseated themselves, while others stani[)cd with their\\nfeet on the bed until the life of the man had be-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 203\\ncome extinct. The corpse was then taken out of\\nbed, and thrown into a burning pile of wood, to\\nbe consumed to ashes. The perpetrators of this\\ncrime were taken to Charleston and tried. Wea-\\nver was found guilty, and suffered the penalty of\\nthe law on the gallows. His wife was pardoned.\\nThe Rev. Christian Theus furnished Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg with a more detailed description of this sect\\nof Weberites, as he was well acquainted witli their\\ndoings, having lived about twenty-five miles from\\nthe place where the murder occurred. At a cer-\\ntain time he came unexpectedly into their meeting,\\nand found Jacob Weber contending that he was\\nGod, and tlie said Peter Schmidt insisting that he\\nhimself was Christ, and that the unconverted mem-\\nbers must be healed through his stripes.\\nPastor Theus opposing such blasphemy, the\\nleaders became enraged, and threatened his life,\\nand counselled with their rabble whether to drown\\nor hang him. He escaped, however, from their\\nhands, fled to the river, and fortunately found a\\nnegro with his canoe at the shore, sprang into it,\\nwas conveyed across, and thus saved his life.\\nAll traces of this abominable heresy have long\\nsince been obliterated neither are there even any\\ndescendants of Jacob Weber and Peter Schmidt\\nto be found in the Saluda Fork. To what region\\nof country they emigrated, or what was their sub-\\nsequent history, is not known. The object of his-\\ntory in preserving the record of such deeds is that\\nit might serve as a warning to all not to depart\\nfrom the truth as revealed in God s word, even in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "204 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntheir religion. Tlie Bible is given as a lamp to\\nour feet and a light to onr path, and the promise\\nis there that the wayfaring man, though a fool, need\\nnot err therein but whosoever despises the re-\\nvealed light will soon glide into very grievous and\\ndangerous errors. Sincerity is no proof of the\\npurity of faith, and no guide to man s actions. That\\nWeber was sincere, his confession, which he made\\nwith eternity in view, fully proves; notwithstand-\\ning his sincerity, so great was his deception in\\nspiritual things, that he became guilty of the most\\nhorrid blasphemy and of the greatest crime known\\nto the law.\\nThis narrative also demonstrates the value of\\nan evangelical, educated and faithful ministry of\\nthe Gospel, an institution which has been divinely\\nappointed, through whose ministrations God is\\npleased to bless mankind and keep them in the\\nway of truth and peace. In such occurrences as\\nthese, the infidel is rebuked in his opposition to the\\npreachingof the Gospel; man soon degenerates and\\nbecomes capable of committing all manner of ex-\\ncesses, where he is not restrained by the influence\\nof the Gospel. In this locality, where the Weber-\\nites had their origin, and about that period of time,\\nA.D. 1758, according to the import of Weber s\\nconfession, the Gospel was but seldom preached,\\nand the effects of such neglect soon manifested\\nthemselves; the people generally gave a loose rein\\nto their passions, rioted in their wantonness, and\\nactually believed that in doing so they were reu-\\nderinff service to God. If in the commencement", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 205\\nof this settlement the people would have heen\\nblessed with the faithful labors of an evangelical\\nand intelligent pastor, doubtless such extravagance\\nin religion and morals never would have been\\nmanifested there, as is sufficiently proved by the\\ncondition of those settlements where religious ad-\\nvantages were enjoyed; so likewise, where the\\nyoung are well trained and indoctrinated, depart-\\nures from the principles of a pure faith and cor-\\nrect morals are not likely to occur. Occasional\\nministrations of the word and the sacraments are\\nnot sufficient in any community orthodox churches\\nshould be established in reach of every family, and\\na pastor should labor continually among his people,\\nboth at the fireside and upon the pulpit, if he ex-\\npects to accomplish permanent good, for it appears\\nthat the want of such constant ministrations had\\na serious effect upon this community, at the time\\nthese criminal occurrences took place.\\nSection 6. History of St. John s Lutheran Church,\\nCharleston, South Carolina, to the close of the\\nHevolutionaiy War.\\nAt the period of time when the first Lutheran\\nChurch in Charleston was established, so far as\\nthe records now extant appear to indicate, there\\nwas no longer a single Lutheran congregation nor\\nLutheran minister in the Province of South Caro-\\nlina. The Rev. John Giessendanner, of Orange-\\nburg, having become discouraged, and dreading\\nfurther annoyance from such straggling preachers", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "206 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nas Zaiiberbithler, connected himself and his con-\\ngreo;ation with the estahlislied Church of England\\nin 1749; and the Rev. Christian Theus labored as\\na German Reformed minister in Saxe-Gotha\\nTownship, near the Congaree River.\\nThe early records of the Charleston Lutheran\\nChurch are mainly derived from the journal of\\nRev. H. M. Muhlenberg, D.D., who labored in\\nPennsylvania, and who was sent, A.D. 1774, by\\nthe Society for Propagating the Gospel on a\\nsecond visit to the South to adjust certain difficul-\\nties, which had arisen in the congregation at Eben-\\nezer, Georgia; and on his way thither he spent\\nsome time in Charleston, and took notes of the\\nprincipal occurrences in the Lutheran Cliurch in\\nthat city, as well as of the German churches gen-\\nerally, located in South Carolina. Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg s journal was translated and published in\\nthe Evangelical Review in 1850, by a descendant\\nof his, the Rev. J. W. Richards, D.D., then Lu-\\ntheran pastor at Easton, Pennsylvania.\\nDr. Ramsay, in the second volume of his History\\nof South Carolina, reprinted edition, p. 23, states:\\nTheir first minister, the Rev. Mr. Luft, arrived\\nin 1752. How much credit is to be given to this\\nstatement, the writer is not prepared to say; but\\nit appears singular that Dr. Muhlenberg, who ex-\\namined the records of this Lutheran Church in\\nCharleston thirty-four years before Ramsay, and\\nassociated freelj^ with its members for five weeks,\\narranging their church affairs, should not have\\nmentioned the Rev. Mr. Luffs name in liis jour-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 207\\niial. However, if the Rev. Mr. Luft was the first\\npastor of this people, they certainly had no house\\nof worship of their own at the time, and very prob-\\nably no regularly organized congregation, for even\\nKamsay states: In the year 1759 thej began to\\nbuild a house of worship themselves, and that\\nevent took place during Rev. Friederiehs minis-\\ntry in Charleston.\\nRev. John George Friederiehs arrived in Char-\\nleston, South Carolina, about the year 1755 or 6,\\nand gathered the Germans residing there into a\\ncongregation, which he afterwards served for sev-\\neral years he may, therefore, justly be regarded\\nas the founder of the first Lutheran Churcli in\\nCharleston. The elders of the French (Huguenot)\\ncongregation kindly offered and granted the use\\nof their church for divine service to our German\\nbrethren, when not needed for their own worship;\\nthey likewise extended the right of sepulture to\\nthe Germans in their own graveyard, all of which\\nwas accepted with gratitude.\\nRev. Friederiehs labored hard, and, together\\nwith the elders and wardens, exerted himself so as\\nto procure a place in the town for a German Lu-\\ntheran church and graveyard. He was acquainted\\namong the English and beloved by them, and col-\\nlected among them towards the erection of a house\\nof worship. He desired the church to be built of\\nbrick, which would have been best, but several\\nelders and members outvoted him, and caused it\\nto be built of w^ood. The enterprise so far suc-\\nceeded as to have the corner-stone of the new edi-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "208 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfice laid on the 17th of December, 1759. Soon\\nafter tliis event, liev. Friedericlis resigned, and\\ntook charge of several congregations in the coun-\\ntry, locating himself in Amelia Township, Orange-\\nburg District, South Carolina.\\nAfter the removal of Rev. J. G. Friederichs the\\ncongregation secured the services of a Rev. Mr.\\nWartman, who was a higlily educated divine, and\\nis said to have been an animated preacher, yet his\\nusefulness was very much injured, on account of\\nhis having been possessed of a very fiery and chol-\\neric disposition, which unhappy temperament had\\nbeen the cause of his short staj^ in several congre-\\ngations in Pennsylvania and Virginia, where he\\nhad frequently exposed his temper, and exhausted\\nboth himself and his people. Tiiis was also the\\nreason of his short staj* in Charleston, where he\\nmight have been exceedingly useful, as he was\\npossessed of the other necessary qualifications of\\na pastor, had he been enabled to control his un-\\nhappy disposition. He remained but two years\\nand then took up his residence in the country.\\nThe fourth pastor of this congregation was the\\nRev. John Nicholas Martin, a self-taught nuin,\\nwho is said to have been ordained by the Salz-\\nburg pastors in Georgia, and who enjoyed the\\nreputation of having been a sensible and indus-\\ntrious laborer in Ciirist s vineyard. He took\\ncharge of St. John s Church, November 24th,\\n1763, and served it for three years and three\\nmonths; during his ministry the new church edi-\\nfice was completed, which had been in course of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 209\\nconstruction over four j^ears, and was dedicated\\non the 24th of June, 1764, John the Baptist s day.\\nThe officiating clergymen on this occasion v/ere\\nRev. J. G. Friederichs, tlie founder of this congre-\\ngation, and the Rev. J. IST. Martin, the pastor in\\ncharge. The dedication sermon V\\\\^as preached\\nfrom the text, Luke 1 68-70 Blessed be the\\nLord God of Israel for he hath visited and re-\\ndeemed his people, and hath raised up a horn of\\nsalvation for us in the house of his servant David;\\nas he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets,\\nwhich have been since the world began. This\\nchurch was a small wooden building, situated in\\nthe rear of where .the present church stands, and\\nwas an antiquated building of a peculiar con-\\nstruction, resembling some of the old churches in\\nthe rural districts of Germany; a representation\\nof it is still preserved, suspended in the vestrj--\\nroom of the present church and for uniqueness\\nof architecture, as well as for its value as a relic of\\nthe past, excites no little notice.\\nDuring the ministry of Rev. Martin in this con-\\ngregation, a large number of worthy Germans\\norganized themselves into a German Benevolent\\nSociety, now known as the German Friendl}\\nSociety, which appears to have been in a most\\nflourishing condition from its commencement to\\nthe present time. Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg gives a\\nglowing description of this praiseworthy society,\\nand informs us, that it was founded January 15th,\\n1766, and had increased in a little more than eio^ht\\nyears to upwards of eighty members, living in\\n18", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "210 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe town and country, of whom upwards of fifty\\nare still living. Daring those years their funded\\ncapital had accumulated to \u00c2\u00a3400 sterling, the in-\\nterest of whicli is to be applied for the relief of\\nevery sucli poor member, or of his widow and or-\\nphans, as shall have been connected seven years\\nwith the Society, and have paid their contribu-\\ntions. This commendable Society is, in a measure,\\nthe flower and crown of the German nation in this\\nplace.\\nBy special invitation of the heads of this So-\\nciety, and escorted to tlieir place of meeting by\\nthe Vice-President and Treasurer, Rev. Dr. Muh-\\nlenberg dined witli the members, and thus became\\nacquainted with the most influential Germans in\\ntlie place. He speaks also very highly of their\\nmanner of conducting the business of this Society,\\nand gives the names of the members present at\\nthat meeting.\\nEarly in the year 1767, Rev. J. IsT. Martin took\\nleave of this congregation, and labored in the Fork\\nof the Saluda and Broad Rivers, where it is known\\nthat he still labored some seven years later, in\\n1774, as his name is incidentally mentioned in\\nthat connection in Dr. M. s journal, and the pre-\\nsumption is, that he became the Lutheran pastor\\nof the congregations in the Fork soon after his de-\\nparture from Charleston.\\nThe elders and wardens of St. John s Church\\nnow applied to Rev. Dr. Wachsell, in London, be-\\nseeching him to send them a regular teacher and\\npastor, and obtained through his instrumentality", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 211\\nthe Rev. John Severin Hahnbaum, to whom a\\ncall was extended on the 28th of January, 1767.\\nHe arrived with his family, and took charge of\\nthe church on the 12th of June of the same year;\\nunfortunately, however, he was either in infirm\\nhealth when he arrived in Charleston, or the cli-\\nmate there disagreed with him, for he was often\\nindisposed, and lived only a few years. During\\nthe first year of his ministry, the following per-\\nsons were the elders or vestrymen of the church:\\nMessrs. Johannes Svvint, Melchior Werley,\\nPhilip Mensing, Abraham Speidel, Martin Miil-\\nler, J. Shutterling, Jacob Breidell, John Kirchner,\\nand Michael Kalteisen. One year later four war-\\ndens were elected, viz., Messrs. Joseph Kimmel,\\nHenry Lindauer, Godinan, and Jury.\\nIn 1768 the Hon. John Paul Grimpke pre-\\nsented the church with a silver plate of the weight\\nof one pound, which was appropriated by the\\ncouncil forgathering the collections every Sunday.\\nSo also did Capt. Alexander Gillon, who had re-\\ncently arrived from Germany, present to the\\nchurch a pair of beautiful candlesticks, which\\nwere ordered to be placed on each side of the\\npulpit. He had also collected, whilst in Germany,\\n\u00c2\u00a3275 currency for the benefit of the church, which\\nhe offered to pay over, but the council requested\\nhim to retain it in his possession, and pay it out\\nfor the repairs and improvements of a house re-\\ncently purchased by the congregation.\\nThis fact, in connection with the additional one,\\nthat no charge was to be made to the pastor for", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "212 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nhouse-rent, and the statement of Dr. Muhlenberg,\\nindicate that the congregation possessed a par-\\nsonage at that time, which was rented out for\\nthe good of the church, wlien not in use by the\\npastor.\\nIn 1769 the ofHcera made a contract with Mr.\\nSpeisseggir for a new organ, but no statement is\\ngiven as to its cost.\\nA short time previous to Rev. Hahnbaum s\\ndeath, a certain Master of Arts, Mr. Frederick\\nDaser, who was yet very young, arrived in Char-\\nleston from the Duchy of Wiirtemberg, without\\ncredentials, without clothes or money, his trunk\\ncontaining said articles, according to his declara-\\ntion, having been stolen from him in Holland. A\\ngood-hearted elder of this congregation had com-\\npassion on. him, paid his passage-money, and pro-\\ncured him respectable clothing suitable to his pro-\\nfession.\\nPastor Hahnbaum having been sick a long time\\nreceived this Artis Magister, with the consent of\\nthe vestry, as his vicar. He examined him, had\\nhim ordained, and afterwards also installed through\\ntwo elders, and married him on his sick-bed, be-\\nfore his decease, to one of his own daughters, be-\\nsides giving him the necessary books and skeletons\\nof sermons.\\nAfter the death of Rev. Hahnbaum, which oc-\\ncurred February 10th, 1770, the vestry gave Mag-\\nister Daser a conditional call for one year, with\\nthe hope that through praj-er, stud} and tempta-\\ntion (oratione, meditatione et tentatione), which", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 213\\nwas Luther s celebrated recipe for the making of\\na preacher, a theologian might j-et be formed of\\nhim; but his young wife likewise conducted her-\\nself in a manner unbecoming a pastor s wife, be-\\nsides being ignorant of housewifery, and destitute\\nof the true ornament of a woman 1 Pet, 3:4;\\nand he himself was light of body, light in spirit,\\nand heavy in self-will and inordinate passions and\\naffections; consequentl} the fruits of such dispo-\\nsitions soon manifested themselves. The year\\nhaving now expired, and having no other alterna-\\ntive, the congregation contracted with him to serve\\nthem three years longer.\\nThe following account of this transaction, as\\ngathered from the church records of this congre-\\ngation by Mr. Jacob F. Schirmer, does not exactly\\nagree with what is related above by Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg, but may, therefore, because taken from the\\nrecords of the church, be all the more correct:\\nThe congregation appointed a committee to\\nwait upon the pastor, and inquire upon what terms\\nand what length of time he would be willing to\\nserve them, and whether he would promise to be\\nfaithful, industrious, and conscientious in his walk\\nand conversation, and to serve the flock as a faith-\\nful shepherd. Such questions, propounded to Rev.\\nDaser after he had labored one year as pastor of\\nthat church, do not argue much in his favor, and\\nyet the committee at the next meeting reported\\nthat the congregation appear to be perfectly satis-\\nfied with Pastor Daser, and that he on his part\\npromises to discharge his duties faithfully, but he", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "214 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthought it unbecoming to enter into a regular\\ncontract between pastor and people, but was will-\\ning to serve them for three years at a quarterly\\npayment of \u00c2\u00a3500 currency. This was submitted\\nto the congregation, and they finally agreed to\\nengage Mr. Daser for two years, and that he re-\\nceive \u00c2\u00a3420 currency quarterly, still reserving to\\nthemselves the right, that if his conduct did not\\nmeet with their approbation, they were at liberty\\nto discharge him, by giving him three months\\nnotice. This arrangement w-as first objected to\\nb} the minister, but he finally agreed to it, and\\nsigned the agreement. He now requested his\\npeople to present him with a gown, which was\\naccordingly ordered, and was made by Mr. Tim-\\nrod.\\nIn 1773 Pastor Daser lodged a complaint\\nagainst one of the members for his improper\\nconduct towards him, and hopes he would treat\\nhim with more kindness, and not judge him so\\nseverely.\\nDr. Muhlenberg states further: However, as\\nKev. Daser liad always discharged tlie duties of\\nhis office as a secondary business, and both he and\\nhis wife had digressed in several things, had fre-\\nquented too much company, and became deeply\\ninvolved in debt, c., the vestry discharged him\\nbefore the end of the third year. He had, how-\\never, a party of his own kind, who were oft cnded\\nat the vestry on account of his discharge, and who\\nregarded his extravagance either as trifling or\\npraiseworth}^; yet they were far too weak to raise", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 215\\nhis salary without the aid of the elders and other\\nwell-disposed members. The vestry then wrote\\nto the Reverend Consistorium of the Electorate\\nof Hanover, supplicating that ecclesiastical body\\nfor a regular minister, but were informed that\\nthey could not be supplied from that source. Af-\\nterwards the elders and wardens addressed Dr.\\nMuhlenberg, and besought him to send them an\\neducated and exemplary pastor of the Pennsyl-\\nvania Miuisterium. The adherents of Mr. Daser\\nalso wrote to him anonymously at the same time,\\naccusing the vestry, stating that Parson Daser had\\nbeen a good preacher for them, and that the vestry\\nhad discharged him without the will and knowl-\\nedge of the congregation, without cause and from\\nmotives of personal hatred, c.\\nDr. Muhlenberg answered both communications,\\ninforming them that, God willing, he would make\\na journey to Ebenezer, in Georgia, in the fall, and\\nwould then also come to Charleston on his way\\nto Georgia, and there personally investigate their\\naftairs.\\nAccordingly Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg set sail for\\nCharleston, South Carolina, August 27th, 1774,\\nand arrived September 8th following. He was\\nreceived and welcomed with the utmost kindness\\nby the principal German families, as well as by\\nmany English inhabitants, and whilst there he ex-\\nerted himself, as far as he could, to heal the un-\\nhapp}^ division then existing in the German Lu-\\ntheran congregation, caused by the irregularities\\nof Pastor Daser, in wdiich, as he was well adapted", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "216 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfor this undertaking, and was frequently and justly\\nentitled the peacemaker, lie was quite successful.\\nIn the mean time, which elapsed between Dr.\\nMuhlenberg s answer to both parties in the con-\\ngregation and his arrival in Charleston, Rev. Daser\\nhad procured a recommendation from the Lord\\nLieutenant-Governor of South Carolina, residing\\nin Charleston, and also from the resident English\\nEpiscopal clergymen, to the Lord Bishop of Lon-\\ndon for Episcopal ordination, and afterwards to\\nreceive a competent living in some country con-\\ngregation, and thus become a dead weight in the\\nEnglish Established Church. However, before\\nhe had completed his arrangements for his con-\\ntemplated visit to London, Rev. Dr. Aluhlenberg\\narrived in Charleston and then he hoped and ex-\\npected, through the venerable Doctor s interces-\\nsion, to be called by the vestr} of St. John s Lu-\\ntheran Church for life, and to receive an annual\\nsalary of \u00c2\u00a3100 sterling.\\nBut as soon as tlie Doctor had learned all the\\ncircumstances of Daser s own and his wife s con-\\nduct from sensible and impartial persons, he\\ncould not conscientiously interest himself in Rev.\\nDaser s behalf; for, says the Doctor, when a\\nminister makes himself familiar with drunkai ds,\\nflourishes with his sword at night along the streets,\\nthrows stones at windows, c., and his wife fre-\\nquents the theatre at night, leads in the dance at\\nweddings, c., we can easily imagine what impres-\\nsions this must make upon well-meaning mem-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 217\\nbers O Lord of Heaven, do Thou have mercy\\nupon such a state of things\\nFor the purpose of carrying out his design, Rev.\\nDaser sailed in a vessel from Charleston to Lon-\\ndon, in order to obtain Episcopal ordination; many\\nwell-disposed persons subscribed liberally to the\\nsupport of his wife and two small children during\\nhis absence; but a violent storm arose whilst the\\nvessel was out at sea, and so injured her that she\\nwas obliged to return to Charleston. This provi-\\ndential occurrence had the effect of chansfino Rev.\\nDaser s purpose, and may have induced him to\\nbecome a wiser and better man, for his after-life\\nappears to have been considerably changed.\\nIt is also recorded of him, that during his ab-\\nsence at sea, the members of St. John s Church\\ndiscovered that he had cut thirty-two leaves out of\\ntheir church-record book, for which they took\\nhim to task immediately after his return, and he\\nacknowledged that he had cut out and burned\\ntwo leaves onl3^ This accounts for the mutilation\\nin that church-book as mentioned by Mr. Schirmer\\nin his Reminiscences of the Past.\\nRev. Dr. Muhlenberg had no small difficulty in\\nhealing the dissensions of the congregation. He\\nlistened to all parties and heard their tale of\\ngrievances patiently, preached to them faithfully\\nin the church every Sunday during his stay among\\nthem, called congregational meetings, and on the\\nfourth Sunday of his visit administered the com-\\nmunion, and yet apparentl} with very little effect;\\nfor some still wanted Rev. Daser to be recalled,\\n19", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "218 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nothers desired the Rev. Mr. Martin, who now\\nlabored in the Sahida Fork, to return and be their\\npastor; whilst Dr. Muhlenberg, with man} others,\\nbelieved it to be the best policy to call an entire\\nstranger from Germany or elsewhere, who could\\nexert much more influence, and heal all divisions,\\nthan one wlio was already well known to the con-\\ngregation. Acting upon this belief, and as a last\\nresort, the Doctor drew up a petition to be sent to\\nthe Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,\\nrequesting it to send a pastor to this congregation,\\nwhich reads as follows\\nWe, the subscribers, for the time being, war-\\ndens, vestrjnnen, and contributing members of the\\nGerman Lutheran St. John s Ciiurch and congre-\\ngation in and about Charleston, in South Carolina,\\nHis Brittanick Majesty King George Ill s loyal\\nand dutiful subjects, do send greeting to the most\\nworthy and reverend fathers in God, Frederick\\nZiegenhagen, His Majesty s Chaplain in the Ger-\\nman Chapel at St. James, Anastasius Freyling-\\nhausen, Louis Schultz, D.D., and to the Directors\\nof the East and West India Missions at Halle,\\nGustavus Burgraann of the Savoy, Rector, and\\nWilliam Pasche, Assistant in His Majesty s Ger-\\nman Chapel, all worthy members of the venerable\\nSociety for Promoting Christian Knowledge; and\\ndo liumbly request that, c., c. (here follows a\\ndescription of the kind of minister that was de-\\nsired, adding also this important clause), who is\\nable and willing to propagate the Gospel accord-\\ning to the foundations of the holy Apostles and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 219\\nProphets, whereof Christ Jesus is the Corner-\\nstone, and to administer the lioly sacraments,\\nagreeably to the articles of our unaltered Augus-\\ntan (Augsburg) Confession. (Then follow an\\nenumeration of the otlier pastoral duties, salary\\npromised, use of the parsonage rent free, precau-\\ntionary promises against further divisions in the\\ncongregation, c., concluding the whole with):\\nIn witness whereof, we have hereunto inter-\\nchangeably set our hands and seals at Charleston,\\nin South Carolina, this 25th day of October, in\\nthe sixteenth year of His Majesty s reign. Anno\\nDomini one thousand seven hundred and seventy-\\nfour. Evangelical Review, vol. i, pp. 401 and\\n402.\\nDr. Muhlenberg had the satisfiiction to see this\\npetition signed by nearly all the members of the\\ncongregation. It was carried around to each one\\nprivately by several of the vestrymen, who by\\ntheir personal influence, and the great desire for\\npeace at last, enabled them thus to heal up the\\nunhappy divisions then existing in the congrega-\\ntion.\\nAs a matter of course, this petition terminated\\nall hopes of Rev. F. Daser s ministrations in this\\ncongregation for that time; how he returned and\\nserved this people again, and under what circum-\\nstances, will also be made apparent.\\nThe letter containing the petition of the congre-\\ngation to the reverend Fathers in Europe for a\\npastor was sent to Hev. William Pasche in Lon-\\ndon a merchant in Charleston, Mr. Mey, took it", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "220 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nin charge, and forwarded it to Europe by the first\\nopportunit}\\nThe vestry also sent another letter to the Rev.\\nJ. E Martin, beseeching him to serve the congre-\\ngation once more until the new pastor would\\narrive, provided they should be successful in ob-\\ntaining one from the Society in Europe. Rev.\\nMartin consented to their request, as Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg states: To-day an elder of the congregation\\nshowed me an answer from Rev. Mr. Martin, in\\nwhich he states, that in compliance with the desire\\nof the vestry, he will serve the Evangelical Con-\\ngregation of this place one and a half j ears, and,\\nDeo volente, will take charge the first Sunday in\\nAdvent. Thus, it appears, this object is gained,\\nthat the congregation will be supplied in the\\nmeanwhile, until it can be seen what will result\\nfrom the critical strife between the Colonies and\\ntheir angry mother, and whether the intended call\\nto our reverend Fathers for an ordained minister\\nwill meet with the desired effect.\\nUnder date of October 15, Dr. Muhlenberg\\nstates: To-day I sent for the church records of\\nthis congregation, and recorded the actus ministe-\\nriales that occurred during my five weeks sojourn\\nin this place.\\nOn the 26th of October, Dr. Muhlenberg took\\naffectionate leave of this people, after having satis-\\nfactorilj^ settled all the difficulties in the congrega-\\ntion. Many of his cherished friends attended him\\nto the vessel which was to take him, together with\\nhis wife and daughter, who accompanied him, to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 221\\nSavannah. The good that he liad effected in\\nCharleston was long remembered by many grate-\\nful hearts.\\nThe church council agreed to pay Rev. J. IST.\\nMartin half of his travelling expenses to Charles-\\nton, and give him a iixed salary of \u00c2\u00a3130 quarterly,\\nwhich was accepted, and he returned once more\\nto them as their pastor early in December, 1774,\\nand labored faithfully among his people, beloved\\nby all, and in harmony with the various opposing\\nparties that had previously existed. About this\\ntime the German Friendly Society presented the\\nchurch with a clock.\\nThe time of engagement with Rev. Martin as\\npastor among the Lutherans in Charleston was\\nnow drawing to a close, and no hope as yet pre-\\nsented itself of obtaining a pastor from the So-\\nciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.\\nTroubles of a more serious nature were gatherino;\\nthick and fast. The high price of the necessaries\\nof life, the struggles of the American Revolution\\nwhich had caused it, the irregularity and final ces-\\nsation of all commercial intercourse with Europe,\\nmade it now a matter of impossibility to obtain\\nministerial help from abroad; all of which induced\\nthe congregation in 1776 to enter into a new agree-\\nment with Rev. Martin, engaging him for two\\nyears longer, inasmuch also as they were well\\npleased with him as their pastor.\\nFrom an anniversary sermon, delivered hy Rev.\\nJohn Bachman, D.D., a glowing picture of the\\nstate of this church at that time is furnished us.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "222 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThe Doctor informs us, that during the stormy\\nseason of the Revolution, the Germans of this city\\nhad been the strenuous advocates and defenders\\nof the rights of their adopted country. The Ger-\\nman Fiisilier Company was formed out of the\\noriginal members of this congregation. They par-\\nticipated in the dangers and sufferings of the\\nRevolution, and their captain fell at the siege of\\nSavannah. Their pastor, the Rev. Mr. Martin,\\nmany of whose descendants are still living among\\nus, on his refusal to pray for the king, was driven\\nfrom his church and his property was confiscated.\\nHe was for a time placed under an arrest, and\\nwas afterwards compelled to leave the city, to\\nwhich he did not return until the close of the war.\\nIn the meantime, the church was partially supplied\\nby two other ministers, who were less exception-\\nable to our foreign rulers.\\nThe two ministers, alluded toby Dr. Bachman,\\nwere the Rev. Christian Streitt, and Rev. Fred-\\nerick Daser; however, it is not to be supposed\\nthat the fornier was a Tory in principle. In the\\nmemoir of Rev. Mr. Streitt, published in the\\nEvangelical Review, vol. ix, p. 379, we are in-\\nformed, that during our Revolutionary struggle,\\nRev. Streitt was appointed Chaplain in the army,\\nand was, for a season, in the service of the Third\\nVirginia regiment. Afterwards he was settled as\\npastor of a congregation in Charleston, South\\nCarolina. During the sacking of the city in 1780,\\nhe was taken prisoner by the British, and retained\\nas such until exchanged. The cause of his capture\\nwas, undoubtedly, his unwavering patriotism and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 223\\nfirm attacbraent to the principles of the American\\nRevoUuion. It is a source of congratulation to\\nthe Lutheran Church, that those who ministered\\nat her altars during that memorable and trying\\nperiod, with scarcely an exception, were the de-\\nvoted friends of their country.\\nThe two pastors appear to have labored in\\nfriendly connection with each other, as the signa-\\ntures of both are occasionally affixed to the records\\nof the proceedings of the vestry, whilst at other\\ntimes the signature of only one of them appears.\\nThis may have been permitted b}^ Pastor Streitt\\nand the vestry, from motives of respect to Rev.\\nDaser, and for the purpose of conciliating him\\nand his party.\\nRev. Streitt entered upon the duties of his\\noffice in 1778. During the month of April of\\nthat year he preached several trial sermons, when\\nhe, soon afterwards, became the pastor. He was\\nengaged to serve three years in this charge, but\\nwas taken away before the expiration of that term\\nas a prisoner of war by the British. It was Rev.\\nMr. Streitt, says Ramsay, vol. ii, p. 23, wlio first\\nintroduced divine service in the Eno-lish lans^uaffe,\\nso as to have one service in English every second\\nor third Sunday. In July, 1782, he took cliarge\\nof ISTew Hanover Church, in Pennsylvania, and\\nin 1785 he commenced his labors in Winchester,\\nVirginia, where he remained to the close of his\\nlife.^\\nAn enormous rate of charges for ministerial\\nduties appears to have been established by the\\nvestry of St. John s Lutheran Church, in Charles-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "224 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nton, ill 1779, whilst the Rev. Mr. Streitt was the\\npastor. This was doue on account of the very\\nhigh price of provisions consequent upon the war,\\nand was to remain in force only so long as such a\\nstate of things existed. They were as follows:\\nFor attending a funeral, \u00c2\u00a310; for preaching a\\nfuneral sermon, \u00c2\u00a330; and \u00c2\u00a350 for a marriage fee;\\nof course, all in Carolina currency.\\nIn the year 1781, Rev. F. Daser seems to have\\nhad sole charge of this church once more. This\\nwas the period of British rule in Charleston, and\\nit is probahle that he was the person who was\\nless exceptionable to our foreign rulers, as\\nstated by Rev. Dr. Bachman. At all events he\\ncontinued in office during the whole of that period,\\nand resigned his charge of St. John s Church some\\ntime after peace was declared, viz., in July, 1786,\\nwhen he removed to Orangeburg District, South\\nCarolina.\\nSection 7. The Lutheran Church in Amelia Town-\\nship^ Orangeburg District [County)^ South\\nCarolina.\\nIn addition to the settlement of Germans and\\nSwiss in and around Orangeburg village, which\\nreceived the name of Orangeburg Township, so\\ngreat was the influx of German emigrants there,\\nthat another township was soon laid out, north-\\neast of Oraiigebui g, and adjoining it, which was\\nnamed Amelia Township, where a Lutheran con-\\ngregation was organized and a house of worship\\nerected, that received the name St. Matthew s\\nChurch, and which lias survived all the vicissi-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 225\\ntudes and encroachments of more than a century\\nof time.\\nWhen it was organized and wlio was instru-\\nmental in efi ectins: its ors^anization can now be\\nonly a matter of conjecture. From the church-\\nrecord book, kept by Rev. John Geissendanner,\\nand still preserved by his descendants, we learn\\nthat he often visited the German settlers in Amelia\\nTownship, and performed ministerial acts among\\nthem; it is not improbable that he also occasion-\\nally preached there, but nothing is stated con-\\ncerning a church-editice and congregation having\\nexisted in Amelia Township during the first years\\nof his ministry, and there is strong reason to be-\\nlieve that such Avas not the case, inasmuch as he,\\nat that time, connected the records of baptisms,\\nmarriages, c., of these people with those of the\\nOrano-eburg cono-ree-ation. J^evertheless, as he\\nmust have labored there some nine years before\\nany other German minister arrived, he may have\\nbeen instrumental in organizing St. Matthew s\\nLutheran Church.\\nIn the year 1747, the Rev. Joachim Ziibly, D.D,,\\nremoved from Frederica on St. Simon s Island, in\\nGeorgia, and labored in this community. He was\\na German Reformed minister, and is spoken of in\\nthe highest terms in Dr. Muhlenberg s journal, as\\nfollows: Oct. 28. According to invitation, I and\\nmy family dined with Rev. Dr. Ziibly, and I spent\\nthe afternoon very pleasantly with him in his\\nlibrary and study. Ho is an experienced, influen-\\ntial, learned, prudent, and very industrious man,\\nof a sanguine temperament. He has a larger col-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "226 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nlection of fine books than any I have seen in\\nAmerica. The external appearance of his library\\nand study is not surpassed by the most superior\\nin Germany. All the books appear like trees that\\nlose their fruit in autumn, so that innumerable\\nprinted leaves, whole and half tracts, manuscripts,\\nc., are scattered on the floor. It reminded me\\nof the polyhistorian Markosius, and our venerable\\nBogatzky, whose studies are said to appear in\\nsuch good order, that the most noted housewife\\ndare not venture to arrange anything in them, lest\\nshe should put them in disorder. January 9th.\\nTowards evening E,ev. Dr. Zlibly arrived here,\\nwho communicated to us in the evening his man-\\nuscript Latin dissertation, Pro gradu doctoris,\\nwhich will shortly be printed. January 10th.\\nTowards evening Rev. Dr. Ziibl}^ returned from\\nPurysburg, where he had preached in English,\\nand refreshed us during the evening with Chris-\\ntian conversation.\\nDuring the ministrations of Dr. Zlibly in Amelia\\nTownship, he doubtless was instrumental in efiect-\\ning the organization of The German Calvinistic\\nChurch of St. John on the F(Uirholo, which was\\nincorporated by that name by the State Legisla-\\nture in 1788, but is now no longer in existence,\\nand its members and their descendants have long\\nsince been mostly absorbed by the Lutheran\\nchurches in the vicinity. Fourholc is the name of\\na creek in Amelia Township, which with the fact\\nthat this (St. John s) Church is clustered together\\nwith the two Lutheran churches located in\\nOrangeburg District (County), in one and the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 227\\nsame bill of incorporation, locates that cliurcli in\\nAmelia Township, or immediately below it, in\\nOrangeburg County, which encompasses all that\\nterritory.\\nRev. Dr. Ziibly afterwards removed to Savan-\\nnah, Georgia; where Dr. Muhlenberg met him\\non his way to Ebenezer.\\nIn the year 1760, the Rev. John George Fried-\\nerichs, the founder of the first Lutheran church in\\nCharleston, commenced to labor in Amelia Town-\\nship, and remained in this pastorate for a long\\ntime, being still at that post of duty on October\\n15th, 1774, when Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg gives the\\nfollowing account of him\\nI received an agreeable letter from Rev. John\\nGeorge Friederichs, Lutheran minister in Amelia\\nTownship, one hundred miles in the country,\\ndated October 15th, 1774, in which he states, that\\nhe learned of my arrival in Charleston, first from\\nRev. Hochheimer, who traveled through here, and\\nwas assured of it by letter of September 20th ult.,\\nwhich afibrded him very great pleasure, and in-\\nduced him to prepare for a journey to Charleston,\\nbut that he was prevented by sickness and the\\nfear of not meeting me here, especially as I had\\nintimated in my letter that I intended, God will-\\ning, to continue my journey to Georgia in October.\\nBut that he would request my host, Mr. Kimmel,\\nto inform him when I returned to Charleston, and\\nthen, if we lived, visit me, c., c. The person\\nbringing the letter returning to-morrow, I an-\\nswered his letter and sought to encourage him to\\nfight the good fight, to keep the faith, and to finish", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "228 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe course, c. He sustains a good character for\\nsound doctrine and exemph^ry conduct among in-\\nformed persons; he has no family, and is satisfied\\nwith the necessaries of life.\\nA laborer, standing thus alone in the wilderness\\namong rude people, must be much encouraged\\nwhen he receives unexpectedly a few lines of com-\\nfort from a fellow-suffering and tempted cross-\\nbearer, as is manifest from his answer to my first\\nletter. It is written, Woe to him that is alone.\\nIIow lone: afterwards Rev. Friederichs labored\\nin this charge cannot be ascertained, but it is pre-\\nsumed that he remained there in the faithful dis-\\ncharge of his duty to the close of his life. Per-\\nhaps he did not live long after Dr. M. s visit to\\nCharleston, for nothing is further recorded of\\nhim, and his name does not appear among the list\\nof ministers in South Carolina, who formed the\\nCorpus Evangelicum in 1787; and in 1786 an-\\nother minister had taken charge of the pastorate\\nin Amelia Township.\\nIt was during the ministry of Rev. J. G. Fried-\\nerichs in this community, that a colony of Ger-\\nmans came from Maine and settled in Orangeburg\\nDistrict, accompanied by their pastor, the Rev.\\nMr. Cilley or Silly; but, inasmuch as the records\\nof this colonization of Germans do not harmonize\\nwith each other, they are inserted here without\\ncomment, leaving the reader to form his own con-\\nclusions.\\nJ. C. Hope, Esq., speaking of the Lutheran set-\\ntlers in Orangeburg District, says: In 1763 a\\ncolony of German Lutherans came from Maine,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 229\\naccompanyino; their pastor Silly, and joined their\\nbrethren in South Carolina; but in time the most\\nof these returned,\\nRev. Dr. Hazelius statement is: Rev. Mr.\\nCilley arrived in South Carolina with a colony of\\nGerman emigrants from Maine, in the yeav 1773.\\nBut of his labors and success no accounts can be\\nfound.\\nThe statement in The Javelin, pp. 170 and\\n171, is as follows: The disappointment and suf-\\nfering which they were presentlj made to endure\\nin consequence of the deceptions practiced upon\\nthem, were trying in the extreme. And to all\\ntheir other troubles, the Indians fell upon them\\nalso, and destroyed many lives and much sub-\\nstance. Ill-treated, robbed, wronged and disap-\\npointed, many of them, under the guidance of a\\nMoravian clergyman, left Muscungus (Maine), and\\nemigrated to Carolina, in 1773.\\nSection 8. The Lutheran Chuj ches in Saxe-Gotha\\nTownship^ Lexington District {County)^ South\\nCarolina.\\nSaxe-Gotha Township having been settled as\\nearly as 1737, principally by Germans and Swiss,\\nwho continued to arrive there for several years\\nfollowing, soon became well populated by these\\ncolonists, considering the ditiiculties of emigration\\nand state of the country at that time. The Ger-\\nman Reformed settlers, as already stated, were\\nsupplied with a pastor, who labored among them\\nfrom the year 1739 to the close of his life, a period\\nof more than fifty years, for he was still living in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "230 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n1789. The Lutherfins were not so fortunate as\\ntheir German Reformed brethren, in being thus\\nearly supplied with the regular means of grace.\\nAt the time of Dr. Muhlenberg s visit to Charles-\\nton, in 1774, there were two Lutheran ministers\\nlaboring in Saxe-Gotha, the Rev. Lewis Hoch-\\nheimer, at Sandy Ran, and the Rev. J. N. Martin,\\nin the Saluda Fork, and it is safely presumed tliat\\nthey were the first Lutheran ministers who labored\\nin that township; at all events, it is an ascertained\\nfact, recorded in the Urlsperger Reports, that no\\nLutheran minister had labored there previous to\\nthe year 1750, when a petition was sent to the pas-\\ntors of Ebenezer, Georgia, signed by two hundred\\nand eighty Lutherans, beseeching those pastors\\nto send them a minister; yet their petition was\\nnot regarded, and they were left without a pastor\\nof their own faith. How long they continued in\\nthis spiritually destitute condition is not known,\\nbut it is more than probable, judging from the\\ncondition of the colony and of the Church at the\\ntime of the criminal conduct of the Weberites, in\\n1760, that the Lutherans of Saxe-Gotha were then\\nstill destitute of the means of grace. Seven years\\nlater Rev. Martin removed from Charleston and\\ncommenced his labors in the Saluda Fork, but no\\nrecords inform us at what time Rev. ITocldieimer\\ncommenced his ministry in the Sandy Run Church.\\nThe members of the Lutheran Church of that\\nportion of Saxe-Gotha bordei ing on the Congaree\\nRiver, known better as the Sandy Run settlement,\\naltliough privileged to hear the Gospel in their na-\\ntive language from the lips of the German Re-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 231\\nformed nihiister, Hqv. Christian Thens, still felt it\\ntheir duty to build a church for themselves, where\\nthey could worship God according to the princi-\\nples of their own faith but at what time they took\\nthe proper steps to secure this object, although so\\nmuch discouraged by Rev. Bolzius, is not known.\\nNevertheless, as the XJrlsperger Reports, which\\ngives us the Church news generallj^ does not\\nmention this fiict up to the year 1760 (the latest\\ndate of the Ebenezer pastors diary), and as the\\nCherokee War would naturally interfere with all\\necclesiastical enterprises, it can be safely inferred,\\ntliat the building of the Lutheran church at Sandy\\nRun, probably the earliest erected Lutheran\\nChurch in Saxe-Gotha, was not commenced before\\nthe year 1765.\\nKine years later we have a brief record from\\nDr. Muhlenberg s journal, as follows: A visit\\nfrom Rev. Lewis Hochheimer, 120 miles from\\nhere, at Sandy Run, who related to me the events\\nof his life, and offered to assist me in preaching\\nnext Sunda3\\\\ Sunday, September 18th. In\\nthe afternoon I went again to church and heard\\nRev. Hochheimer preach from Psalm 50 21\\nThese things hast thou done and I kept silence,\\nquite edifying and systematic. Monday, Sep-\\ntember 19th. Rev. Hochheimer took leave, and\\npromised to give me a correct description of some\\nLutheran congregations in this neighborhood,\\nThese records indicate that a Lutheran church\\nexisted at Sandy Run at that time, and that the\\ncongregation had a pastor, the Rev. Lewis Hoch-\\nheiraer.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "232 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThe early settlers along the Congaree River se-\\nlected tlieir lands and erected tlieir dwellings very\\nnear the river banks, where they could obtain the\\nrichest lands, and enjoy all the advantages of\\nwater transportation, fishing, c. but where the}^,\\non the other hand, suffered much from the effects\\nof the miasma arising from the river and its nu-\\nmerous swamps. x*[evertlieless, they clung to their\\noriginal settlements and homes until disease had\\nmade repeated inroads upon their robust consti-\\ntutions, and death had greatly diminished their\\noriginal number.\\nWherever they had located their houses and\\nhomes, there likewise did they erect their church,\\nabout three miles from tlie present situation of\\nSalem Church, Sandy Run. The old graveyard,\\nwhich was not far removed from the church, is\\nstill pointed out under the appellation of The\\nChurch Field; and it is stated that so swampy\\nor spongy is the condition of the land, that many\\na cofiin was lowered in its grave which had become\\nhalf filled with water, so that the coffin became\\nquite covered with that element; and all efforts\\nto remedy the evil at that place were unavailing.\\nYet it did not occur to the members of the church\\nuntil a long time afterwards, to remove the church\\nand graveyard to a more elevated situation.\\nIt is to be lamented that we know so little of\\nRev. Hochheimer s history when he became\\npastor, how long he remained at Sandy Run,\\nwhat the condition of the church was during the\\nRevolution, who succeeded Rev. Hochheimer,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 233\\nwhen and where he died and was buried? all\\nthese are questions which, it is feared, will never\\nbe answered, and these answers, with other in-\\nteresting facts connected with thera, may lie for-\\never buried in the oblivion of the past.\\nThree Lutheran congregations composed at one\\ntime the Saluda charge Zion s or Mount Zion,\\non Twelve-mile Creek, St. Peter s, on Eighteen-\\nmile Creek, and Bethel, on High Hill Creek.\\nThey are always spoken of in the old records of\\ntheir church-books as having formed one pastor-\\nate; but how far back this arrangement extended\\ncannot nov^^ be ascertained. Salem Church, on\\nHollow Creek, was added to this pastorate at a\\nmuch later date, probably some time at the be-\\nginning of the present century.\\nIn the year 1767 the Rev. John Nicholas Martin\\ncommenced to labor in the Fork of the Saluda and\\nBroad Rivers, and remained tliere until the close\\nof the year 1774, when he was recalled to Charles-\\nton, as temporary pastor of St. John s Lutheran\\nChurch.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, it is probable\\nthat these churches were vacant, as no Lutheran\\nminister was residing then in that part of South\\nCarolina, unless, perhaps, the Rev. Lewis Ploch-\\nheinier of Sandy Run was still living, and occa-\\nsionally visited them.\\nSection 9. Other German Churches in South Carolina.\\nNewberry District (County) was only partially\\nsettled by Germans, and at a period succeeding\\n20", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "234 THE LUTHEKAN CHURCH\\nthe colonization of Saxe-Gotlia. A number of\\nGorman churches existed there in 1788, which\\nwere incorporated at that time by legislative en-\\nactment, the names of which were: The German\\nLutheran Church of Bethlehem, on Forest s\\n(Fust s) Ford; The German Lutheran Church\\nof St. Jacob, on Wateree Creek; The German\\nProtestant Church of Bethany, on Green Creek;\\nand The German Lutheran Church of St. Alar-\\ntin. The last one mentioned was not organized\\nuntil after the Revolutionary War. (See minutes\\nof Corpus Evangelicum.) When these congre-\\ngations were organized, and whether they had a\\npastor previous to the Revolutionary period, is\\nnot known, and the probability is that no minister\\nlabored there at that time. The first pastor min-\\nistering there, of whom we have any knowledge,\\nwas the Rev. Frederick Joseph Wallern, whose\\nname occurs in the first minutes of the Corpus\\nEvangelicum, in 1787, but of the date of his arrival\\nin Newberr}- nothing is said.\\nAt Hard Labor Creek, Abbeville District\\n(County), there was also a Lutheran Church,\\nlikewise incorporated in 1788, and named St.\\nGeorge; but unless the German settlers brought-\\ntheir pastor with them from Germany, of which\\nnothing is said in the records of their colonization,\\nit is exceedingly doubtful whether they were sup-\\nplied with the moans of grace in the Gorman\\nlanguage previous to the Revolution, inasmuch\\nas this Gei man settlement was only made in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 235\\n1764, eleven years before the breaking out of the\\nwar.\\nConcerning the other settlements of Germans\\nin South Carolina very little can be said during\\nthis period, except that Avhich has already been\\nstated; the one on Indian Field Swamp, fifty\\nmiles from Charleston, had no minister for some\\ntime: they were supplied with the labors of a\\nGerman preacher in 1774, whether Lutheran or\\nReformed is not stated, and even his name is not\\nmentioned; the congregation worshiped in a barn\\nbelonging to Philip Eisenman.\\nDr. Muhlenberg speaks of the condition of this\\nGerman settlement as follows: My kind host re-\\nceived a visit to-day from an intimate German\\nfamily of our denomination from old Indian\\nSwamp, fifty miles in the country. The man is\\nnamed Philip Eisenman, has a farm of his own,\\nbut no negroes. He and his wife cultivate the\\nplace themselves, in the sweat of their brows.\\nThey lamented the want of schools and churches\\nin their neighborhood. He has arranged his barn\\nfor public worship, and they have accepted as\\npreacher a young man lately arrived from Ger-\\nmany, and who might answer for a schoolmaster.\\nHe writes his sermon through the week, and\\nreads it on Sunday, and even reads with it the\\nLord s prayer also, being yet young, and excusing\\nhimself with: The Lord not having gifted him\\nwith a retentive memory. The credentials\\nbrought by him from Germany are a black\\nsuit of clothes. The remaining fragments, to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "236 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwit, band, c., he obtained from his countryman.\\nRev. Daser. The two honest old people com-\\nplained that his preaching was so meagre and\\ndry, and left the heart entirely unaffected, and\\nthey wanted something, therefore, more to awaken\\nand nourish the heart.\\nIt is not known at what time these people suc-\\nceeded in building their church, but it is not very\\nprobable that they accomplished this undertaking\\nuntil after the Revolutionary War, inasmuch as\\nthey had no church at the time of Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg s visit, which was only a few raontlis previous\\nto the battle of Lexington, Mass. In 1788 this\\nsettlement had a church organization and a house\\nof worship, incorporated under tlie name of The\\nGerman Protestant Church of St. George, on In-\\ndian Field Swamp.\\nThe German Protestant congregation in Rich-\\nland District (County), near the Fairfield line, in-\\ncorporated at the same time by the name of The\\nGerman Protestant Church of Appii Forum, on\\nCedar Creek, was established during this period.\\nMills, in his Statistics, p. 722, says: The Presby-\\nterians were the first religious society established\\nin the (Richland) District; they erected a church\\non the banks of Cedar Creek anterior to tiie Rev-\\nolution. Dr. Howe, in his History of the Pres-\\nbyterian Church in South Carolina, p. 494, says:\\nIt must have been of the German Reformed\\nconnection, and was ministered to by Rev. William\\nDubard, who died of the small-pox in the city of\\nCharleston, near the close of the Revolutionary", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 237\\nWar. Dr. Howe thinks it probable that this was\\nthe church which became incorporated by legis-\\nlative enactment, in 1788, under the name of The\\nGerman Protestant Church of Appii Forum, on\\nCedar Creek.\\nFrom the memoranda furnished Dr. Howe, p.\\n495, by A. F. Dubard, of Cedar Creek, Richland,\\nwe learn that the traditions of the neighborhood\\nspeak of it as having continued in existence into\\nthe next century, the successors of Mr. Dubard\\nbeing a clergyman by the name of Penegar,\\nanother by the name of Houck, and another by\\nthe name of Loutz. The house of worship was\\nbuilt of logs, with an earth floor.\\nOur informant speaks of Mr. Loutz as a man\\nof education and influence, who visited this church\\nfrom E^orth Carolina, where his residence was.\\nThe communion seasons were to his mind, in his\\n3^outh, scenes of great solemnity. The commu-\\nnicants, approaching the table one after another,\\nreceived the elements of bread and wine in a\\nstanding posture, and passed away from the table\\nwith clasped hands and uplifted eyes.\\nThis church had occasional preaching by\\nothers, but became extinct as a Presbyterian\\nchurch of the German Reformed order, and the\\nneighborhood became the seat of a Methodist\\nchurch and congregation. ]^o traces of this\\nchurch now remain.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Houck, or Hauck, is mentioned\\nin the minutes of the Lutheran Synod of j^orth\\nCarolina, A.D. 1812, p. 7, as a candidate for the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "238 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nministrj, who desired to be ordained hy that body\\nas a minister of tlie German Reformed Church;\\nbut this Synod, after due consideration, con-\\ncluded that they could not consistently do any-\\nthing in this matter.\\nDr. Muhlenberg mentions the name of a Rev.\\nMr. Hausile as having preached twice in the Ger-\\nman Lutheran Church of Charleston a few years\\nago, but whether he became permanently located\\nin South Carolina, and where he labored is not\\nknown.\\nThe following is a list of all the German min-\\nisters who were laboring in South Carolina imme-\\ndiately preceding the Revolutionary War, as far\\nas the records in the writer s possession appear to\\nindicate, namely: 1. Rev. John IST. Martin, pastor\\nof the Lutheran church in Charleston; 2. Rev. F.\\nDaser, no charge, but still residing in Charleston;\\n3. Rev. preacher at Indian Field Swamp; 4.\\nRev. John G. Friederichs, pastor of the Lutheran\\nchurches in Amelia Township, Orangeburg Dis-\\ntrict; 5. Rev. Lewis Ilochheimer, pastor of Salem\\nLutheran Church, Sandy Run; 6. Rev. Christian\\nTheus, German Reformed pastor in Saxe-Gotha\\nTownship; 7. Rev. Christian Streit, pastor, for a\\nshort time during the Revolution, of the Lutheran\\nchurch in Charleston; and although the names\\nof Revs. Ciiley and ILinsile are also mentioned,\\nnothing special is known concerning them 8.\\nRev. William Dubard, German Reformed pastor\\nat Cedar Creek Church, Richland District.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 239\\nSection 10. Early History of St. John s Lutheran\\nChurch., Salisbury, N. C.\\nIt is a cheei-f nl task for tlie writer of historical\\nnarrative to enter upon a field where the earliest\\nrecords are abundant, carefully made, and well\\npreserved. This is the case in regard to nearly\\nall the churches in North Carolina, whose original\\nchurch record-books and titles to church property\\nare still extant, and the reports of whose pastors\\nlabors, like those of the Pennsylvania and Georgia\\nministers, had been sent to Germany, and were\\npublished there.\\nSt. John s Lutheran Church, in Salisbury, North\\nCarolina, is first brought to view, and was doubt-\\nless the first Lutheran congregation organized in\\nthat Province, under the following circumstances:\\nThe German citizens of that place organized\\nthemselves into a congregation in the days of King\\nGeorge III, and several 3 ears before the Revolu-\\ntion, when Salisburj was as yet denominated a\\ntownship, containing but few dwellings and a\\nsmall number of inhabitants. One of the wealtliy\\ncitizens residing there, John Lewis Beard, a mem-\\nber of the Lutheran Church, was bereaved by\\ndeath of a beloved daughter. Whether the town-\\nship of Salisbury could then boast of a regular\\nGod s acre is not known, and the probability\\nis that the mortal remains of departed ones were,\\nat that early period, deposited without mau}^ re-\\nligious services in the grounds of each landholder\\nin whose family or family connection the death", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "240 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nS\\noccurred, a custom thus early established from the\\nforce of circumstances, and still reverently ob-\\nserved by many in various parts of this country.\\nIn the same manner was the body of Mr. Beard s\\ndaughter laid in the silent tomb, opened on her\\nfather s town property, in a lot containing nearly\\nan acre, and well selected for the quiet repose of\\nthe dead. However, the question then naturally\\narose. Shall that hallowed spot, consecrated by the\\nrepose of the dead and the tears of fond survivors,\\never be disturbed by the march of civilization?\\nTo prevent such an occurrence, the foreiather of\\nthe Beard family in Salisbury made and executed\\nthe following land title, donating the grounds u[)on\\nAvhich his daughter slept the quiet slumber of the\\ndead, to the German Lutheran Church, the\\nChurch of his choice. The original title is still\\npreserved, and enables us to glance at the peculiar\\ncustoms of that day in making convej-ance of [)r()p-\\nert\\\\ as well as to learn the condition of the Church\\nat that time.\\nLeaving out all useless and redundant matter,\\nvit reads as follows:\\nThis indenture, made September 9, 17G8, be-\\ntween Jolm Lewis Beard, of Salisbury, in the\\nCount} of Rowan, and Province of jSTorth Caro-\\nlina (butchei-), of the one part, and Michael Brown^^.\\nMichael More, Caspar Guenther, and Peter Reeb,\\nTrustees of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation\\nin the township of Salisbur}-, of the county and\\nprovince afoi-esaid, of the other part, WilDcsse/h,\\nthat for and in consideration of the sum of live\\nshillings, ;c., c,, and for other good causes, him", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 241\\nthereunto moving, hath granted, c., c,, unto the\\nsaid trustees of the said congregation aforesaid, and\\nto their successors in office forever (here follows\\nthe boundaries and description of the lot, contain-\\ning 144 square poles), unto the German Lutheran\\ncongregation in and about Salisbury, for to erect\\nand build thereon a church, for tlie only proper\\nuse and behoof of the said German Lutheran con-\\ngregation forever (here follows a long descrip-\\ntion of the manner the vacancies in the trustees\\noffice are to be tilled, granting also the use of the\\nchurch to) the High Church of England, and to\\nthe Reformed Calvin ministers at such time as the\\nsaid Lutheran minister doth not want to perform\\ndivine service in said church, c., c. Signed\\nand sealed by John Lewis Beard, in presence of\\nJohn Braly, Andreas Betz, and Valentine Mauny.\\nThe historical facts derived from this convey-\\nance and from other sources are the following\\nIn the year 1768, Salisbury had as yet no house\\nof w^orship of any kind within its precincts; min-\\nisters of the Gospel may have often or occasionally\\npreached in the private or public houses of the\\nplace, and persons may have worshiped in other\\nchurches in the country, but no church existed in\\nSalisbury at that early period.\\nAlthough trustees had been elected for the Lu-\\ntheran congregation there, indicating that some\\nkind of organization had been effected, yet regular\\nworship could not have been held among the mem-\\nbers, as no Lutheran minister was then laboring in\\nall North Carolina; all these arrangements were\\n21", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "242 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nmade preparatory to, and anticipating the regular\\nadministration of the means of grace.\\nThe Lutheran church in Salisbury is the oldest\\nchurch established in the place, and from other\\nsources we learn that the congregation had a log\\nchurch edifice erected on the lot granted by Mr.\\nBeard, in order that they might secure the land\\nto the congregation as stipulated by the grantor,\\nin which he also rendered them every assistance\\nin his power. This log church was built soon\\nafter the lot of land was granted.\\nThis deed seems to have answered the threefold\\npurpose of a title to the land, a charter, conferring\\nupon the congregation certain rights and privi-\\nleges, and a code of by-laws for its government,\\nand thus has the appearance of a very peculiar\\nlegal document.\\nThe first pastor of this church was the Rev.\\nAdolph Nussmann, a ripe and thorough scholar,\\nand, what is still better, a devoted, self-sacrificing,\\nand pious Christian. He came from Germany in\\n1773 under circumstances related in Section 13,\\nsucceeding, but did not labor long in this congre-\\ngation. He removed to Dutch Buffalo Creek\\nChurch, now better known as St. John s Lutheran\\nChurch, Cabarrus County. He was succeeded by\\nRev. Godfrey Arndt, who had charge of Organ\\nChurch at the same time, but soon removed to the\\nwest side of the Catawba River.\\nThe Lutherans at Salisbury were energetic par-\\nticipators in the Revolutionary struggle, arraying\\nthemselves on the side of liberty and independence.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 243\\nas can be seen by referring to Wheeler s History\\nof North Carolina, where the names of Beard,\\nBarringer, Beekman, Mull and others, frequently\\noccur in connection with those who labored and\\nfought for their country s welfare and honor.\\nDuring this trying period the Lutheran church\\nin Salisbury was vacant for a few years, but was\\nvisited by Revs. Nussrnann and Arndt as often as\\nthe circumstances of the country would admit.\\nSection 11. Early History of Organ Churchy\\nRowan County, N. C.\\nThe proper name of this congregation is Zion s\\nChurch, but there are few persons, even among\\nits members, who are acquainted with its true\\nname. The fact that it was, until recently, the\\nonly Lutheran church in North Carolina which\\nAvas possessed of such an instrument of music, has\\ngiven it this sobriquet, by which it is generally\\nknown and so called in all the records of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in the State. The old organ a\\nrelic of the past is still there, but its voice is no\\nlonger heard in the worship of the congregation;\\nlike the voices of its contemporaries, who are now\\nmouldering in the adjoining graveyard, its spirit\\nof music is lied, and the external remains, encom-\\npassing a number of broken and disarranged pipes,\\nare all that is left to remind us of a former age, a\\nformer congregation, and of a master whom it\\nonce honored. How forcibly, under such eircum-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "244 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nstances, do the following lines of Moore s Melo-\\ndies strike the mind\\nThe harp that once, through Tara s halls,\\nThe soul of music shed.\\nNow hangs as mute on Tara s walls,\\nAs if that soul were fled.\\nThe history of this congregation is gathered\\nfrom the old German chnrch-book, which is still\\ncarefully preserved, and the historic records are\\nmade therein by one of the first pastors, Rev. C.\\nA. G. Storch, from which a correct idea may be\\nobtained of the past transactions of the people\\nwho worshiped there.\\nThe first German settlers of that portion of Rowan\\nCounty, along Second Creek, came from Pennsyl-\\nvania, and were members of the Lutheran and\\nGerman Reformed Churches, but in numbers far\\ntoo few to erect a church for the sole use of either\\ndenomination hence they concluded to build a\\ntemporary house of worship to be owned by them-\\nselves jointly, and which was called The Hickory\\nChurch. According to the statement of the late\\nRev. J. A. Linn, this church occupied the site on\\nwhich St. Peter s Lutheran Church now stands,\\nand was built by pei-mission on the land of Mr.\\nFullenwidcr, who, however, never gave the two\\ncongregations a title for this spot of ground, as\\nthe church was considered a temporary building\\nonly, to be occupied alternately by both these de-\\nnominations, each of which expected to erect their\\nown house of worship at a later period. The term", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 245\\nHickory Churcli also indicates of what perish-\\nable material this house of worship was built, and\\nwas in keeping with the original idea. It was\\nsoon left unoccupied, and in course of a few years\\nit crumbled into ruins. More than half a century\\nlater a want for a church to be built on this same\\nsite was again felt, when St. Peter s Lutheran\\nChurch was organized, and a more durable build-\\ning was erected.\\nAs was the case with all the lirst German set-\\ntlers in North Carolina, who did not bring their\\npastor with them, so likewise were the Lutheran\\nmembers of the Hickory Church destitute of the\\nmeans of grace for some length of time, and as no\\nother hope of obtaining a regularly ordained min-\\nister of the Gospel presented itself, the members\\nwere resolved to send to Germany for a pastor.\\nIn this manner they secured the services of Rev.\\nAdolph JSTussmann as their pastor, and Gottfried\\nArndt as their schoolteacher.\\nThe new pastor preached but one year in the\\nHickory Church to both denominations, after\\nwhich some dissension arose, and a majority of the\\nLutherans then resolved to build a church for\\nthemselves, and in this manner originated Zion s\\nChurch, better known as Organ Church. The\\nmembers of the German Reformed Church soon\\nfollowed the example of their Lutheran brethren,\\nand likewise built a new church on another loca-\\ntion, Avhich they named Grace Church, but is\\nmore frequently called The Lower Stone\\nChurch, on account of its position lower down", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "246 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe stream above mentioued, and built of the same\\nmaterial as Organ Church.\\nBefore the building of Organ Church was quite\\ncompleted, Rev. A. JSTussmann left this congrega-\\ntion, and went as pastor to Buffalo Creek Church,\\nin Cabarrus County.\\nThe congregation, which now had a church but\\n110 pastor, sent their schoolteacher, Gottfried Arndt,\\nto be ordained to the office of the ministry, in the\\nyear 1775. He served them through the trying\\nperiod of the Revolution, until 1786, when he\\nmoved to the Catawba River, residing in Lincoln\\nCount}^, and labored in that field to the close of\\nhis life.\\nSection 12. Early History of St. John s Church.,\\nCabarrus County., N. C.\\nCabarrus County is known in the earl} records\\nas Mecklenburg County, in which it was included,\\nbut was formed into a separate county in the year\\n1792. The eastern portion of it was settled en-\\ntirely by Germans, the most of whom came from\\nPennsylvania.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, a number of\\nHessian soldiers deserted from the British army\\nat Savannah, after the siege of that place, and\\nfound their way to tlie German settlement on\\nDutch Buffalo Creek, intermarried with these\\nsettlers, and were thus permanently located there.\\nThey, in a measure, supplied the loss of so many\\nyoung men in that settlement, who had sacrificed", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 247\\ntheir lives in the service of their country. This col-\\non)- sutiered severely durin j^ that dark and bloody\\nperiod. Although no regular army assailed these\\nGermans, or passed through their settlement, yet\\nthey had to contend much with the Tories, whilst\\nmany of their young men enlisted as soldiers in the\\nAmerican army. One family, named Schwartz-\\nwalder(Blackwelder), had seven sons, four of whom\\nwere in the battle of Camden, South Carolina, and\\ntwo or three of them found soldiers graves upon\\nthat battlefield, having lost their lives in the service\\nof their country. Others shared the same fate,\\nwhilst those at home had several skirmishes with\\nthe Tories. The following account of the action,\\nwhich one of these early settlers took in the war\\nfor independence, is given b} one of his grand-\\nsons, and may not be uninteresting:\\nJohn Paul Barringer, who took an active part\\nin all public matters, was known as Captain Bar-\\nringer long before the Revolution, and during this\\nwar, though too old for regular service, took the\\nlead against the Tories in his section, and so odi-\\nous did he become to them from his efficient and\\nunceasing efforts against them, that they surprised\\nhim in his bed at night, and posted him oft as a\\nprisoner to Camden, where he remained in con-\\nfinement several months, if not during the re-\\nmainder ot the war. In tlie meantime the Tories\\nstole and destroyed most of his property, and left\\nhis famil} then afflicted with small-pox, in a most\\nhel[)less and distressing condition.\\nIn this manner did the greater number of these", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "248 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nGerman settlers suffer, inasmuch as a special ha-\\ntred was manifested towards them by their enemies\\nduring the war, since they were residents of that\\npatriotic county, whose citizens had iirst declared\\ntheir sentiments of independence in the Mecklen-\\nburg Declaration, May 20th, 1775. Some one or\\ntwo German names from this section of that county\\nmay be distinguished as signers of that Declara-\\ntion.\\nGovernor Tryon, who came to this part of North\\nCarolina on a vitiit, with the view of again con-\\nciliating matters in favor of the existing govern-\\nment, some few years before the Revolution, when\\nthe lve\u00c2\u00a3:ulators had enlivened the minds of the\\npeople against the tyrannical authorities of the\\nProvince, arrived in the settlement on Dutch Buf-\\nfalo Creek, and lodged with Captain Barringer,\\nwho was w^ell known for his influence and hospi-\\ntality.\\nThe story is, continues his grandson, that\\ntlie Governor appeared in full uniform, with a\\ncocked hat and sword, drank freely of the Cap-\\ntain s rich wine, which was always liept on hand,\\ncondescended to try his skill in mowing the green\\nmeadows of Dutch Buffalo, and left fully per-\\nsuaded, so kind and generous was the entertain-\\nment, that he had not a stancher friend in all the\\ncountry as the gallant Dutchman. But in this\\nhe was, of coui-se, sadly disappointed.\\nIn the old church record-book, and in the old\\nminutes of the North Carolina Synod, the congre-\\ngation of St. John s is known as Dutch Buffalo", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 249\\nCreek Chnrcli, because its members were princi-\\npallj located along that stream of water, and be-\\ncause their first place of worship and their first\\ngraveyard had its location near the same creek,\\nthree miles distant from its present situation. The\\nfirst church edifice was, of course, exceedingly\\nplain, made of unhewn logs, and served the people\\nthe double purpose of a schoolhouse and place of\\nAvorship. Both the German Reformed and Lu-\\ntherans worshiped in the same building for a\\ncertain period of time, after which a more com-\\nmodious building was erected for the united wor-\\nsljip of the two denominations, about half a mile\\nremoved from the location of the present church\\nedifice. This second building, in point of archi-\\ntectural style, was but little better than the former,\\nexcept that it was somewhat larger, and fitted for\\nthe exclusive use of Divine worship.\\nAbout the year 1771, the members of the Lu-\\ntheran Church, at the suggestion of Captain John\\nPaul Barringer, separated themselves from their\\nGerman Reformed brethren, and built their own\\nchurch on the site of the upper portion of the\\npresent graveyard. The work was undertaken by\\nDaniel Jarrett, whilst Captain Barringer acted as\\nthe building couimittee. This church was built\\nchiefly at his own expense, and out of gratitude to\\nhim the congregation had a pew^ constructed for\\nthe special benefit of himself and family, which\\nwas somewhat raised above the others, located in a\\nprominent place in the church, and inclosed. lie\\nwas a true-hearted and thorousch Lutheran, devot-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "250 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nedly attaclied to his church, and seemed to have\\nbeen a defender of the rights of the Gerjnan set-\\ntlers there, and a leading man among them.\\nIt was not until the year 1774, that the congre-\\ngation obtained their first pastor, who had been\\nlaboring about a year and some months at Organ\\nChurch and in Salisburj^ and who had been\\nbrought to America by a de[)Utation sent from\\nOrgan and St. John s Ciiurches to Germany, in\\n1773. lie located himself about one and a half\\nmiles east of St. John s Church, on a tract of land\\nof his own entrj or purchase, and labored faith-\\nfully all the remaining days of his life among this\\npeople. The congregation also secured about the\\nsame time the services of a Mr. Friesland as their\\nschoolteacher.\\nOn the 22d of October, 1782, three benevolent\\nmembers of the church council, Jacob Fegert,\\nMarx Hans, and Jacob Thieme, paid the sum of\\nlifty shillings, the accustomed rate, for one hun-\\ndred acres of government land, on a portion of\\nwhich the church had already been built, and en-\\ntered it in trust for the congregation of Dutch\\nBuffalo Meeting-IIouse. This wise procedure\\nmanifested considerable forethought in those first\\nmembers of the church, for the land is now valu-\\nable, and has been of much service to the congre-\\ngation.\\nA short time before the close of the war, which\\nhad already so sadly aft ected all the peaceful })ur-\\nsuits of life, and disarranged much of the affairs\\nof the church, when the prospect of peace and pros-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUfH CAROLINA. 251\\nperity reanimated all hearts, a constitution was\\nadopted for the government of this congregation.\\nIt is written in the German language, and in Pas-\\ntor ISTussmann s handwriting, inscribed in the an-\\ntiquated church-book, still carefully preserved.\\nThis constitution was compiled, as stated by\\nEev. Nussmann, from the Kirchenordnung of\\nour Evangelical brethren in Smyrna, and the one\\nused in England and Holland, but made suitable\\nto the circumstances of our country. From this\\nconstitution,^vhich is exceedingly strict, both in\\ndoctrine and discipline, the following facts are\\ngathered:\\n1. That the church was placed under the super-\\nvision of the Consistory of Hanover and the Uni-\\nversity of Gbttingen, and that, whenever the\\ncongregation should be in want of a pastor, ap-\\nplication was to be made to that Consistory or\\nUniversity. However, in case of war or other\\nuntoward circumstances, when correspondence\\nwould necessarily be interrupted, the congrega-\\ntion was then to apply to the ministry in connec-\\ntion with the Pennsylvania Synod.\\n2. That the pastor was bound to confess himself\\nloiih heart and mouth to the symbolical books of our\\nEvangelical Church.\\n3. That the pastor was to be in regular corres-\\npondence with the brethren of the same faith in\\nEurope; that he was to send them minute reports\\nof church matters every six weeks, asking aid and\\ncounsel whenever the circumstances required it,\\nas soon as the long-wished-for peace would once", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "252 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nmore open conveniences for correspondence be-\\ntween Euroi)e and America.\\n4. A regular support for the pastor and school-\\nteaclier was expected from the members, and be-\\nfore they could engage the services of either, it\\nwas made binding upon them to state the positive\\nannual amount of salary for their support in the\\nwritten call. A portion of the schoolteacher s\\nsalary consisted in the use of a certain amount of\\ngood land, which the members were to cultivate\\nfor him, and also to gather the grl^in, hay, \u00c2\u00abfec.,\\ninto his barn, when the proper season arrived.\\n5. Provision was also made for orphan children\\nand such other persons, as were in needy circum-\\nstances.\\n6. All marriages had to be proclaimed, accord-\\ning to tlie custom of the country, three Sundays\\nin succession before the marriage could take place,\\nand none except the minister was allowed to per-\\nform the ceremony.\\n7. The church council were usually designated,\\naccording to the recommendation of this constitu-\\ntion, as adjunct executors in all wills and testa-\\nments, for the purpose of taking special care of\\nthe children of the deceased in their religious\\neducation.\\n8. The following order of service for public\\nworship in the sanctuary was established:\\na. A hymn of praise.\\nb. A collect, or the epistle for the day.\\nc. The principal hymn.\\nd. Reading of the Scriptures.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 253\\ne. The creed, or a short Sunday hyrau.\\nThe sermon.\\ng. The singing of a few verses.\\nh. A short catechetical exercise.\\ni. A long prayer, suitable either to the catechi-\\nzation, sermon, or other circumstances.\\nk. The benediction.\\nI. The concluding verse of the principal hymn.\\n9. The liturgy adopted by this congregation\\nwas the one used in the German Lutheran Court\\nChapel of St. James, in London and the Marburg\\nhymn-book, which was reprinted for the use of the\\nchurches in Germantown and Philadelphia, was\\nalso introduced in the worship of this congregation.\\nSection 13. The Delegation serit from North Caro-\\nlina to Europe for Pastors and Teachers, and\\nthe subsequent organizatioyi of the Hehnstaedt\\nMission Society.\\nThe German settlements in the interior of North\\nCarolina, although commenced in the year 1750,\\nwere of very gradual growth, owing to the pecu-\\nliar manner in which they were made. They\\nwere not favored with shiploads of emigrants\\ndirect from Germany; their increase of colonists\\ndepended on the overland route, made in wagons\\nand on foot, from the Province of Pennsylvania.\\nIt took all of fifteen or twenty years before these\\nsettlers were sufiiciently numerous to form them-\\nselves into congregations, but after these congre-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "254 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ngations were organized, the urgent want of the\\nreo^ular administration of the word and sacraments\\nwas also felt. The slow but gradual increase of\\nthese German settlements will account for the ap-\\nparent tardiness which these settlers manifested\\nin sending for ministers of the Gospel, and the\\nmanner in which thej journeyed to North Caro-\\nlina made it almost impossible for them to take\\ntheir pastors with them. But after the harvest\\nw^as ripe for the sickle, where to obtain pastors\\nfor their newly organized congregations, that was\\na question not easily answered. The Synod of\\nPennsylvania had no ministers to spare, for even\\nin that favored Province the want of ministers\\nwas greatly felt, having to apply constantly to the\\nChurch in Germany to supply the wants of their\\never-increasing German population and churches,\\nand to go farther South for ministerial help was\\nutterly useless, for there the want and scarcity was\\nstill greater.\\nIn view of this great want, felt everywhere\\namong the Germans in America at this time. Dr.\\nMuhlenberg expresses himself as follows (Evang.\\nReview, vol. i, p. 414): True, enough teachers\\nand false apostles may be found, who pervert the\\nword of God, and manufacture the most baneful\\nsects with it! O how necessar} useful, and con-\\nsolatory would it not be, if we were able to erect\\na long-wishcd-for institution, in wdiich Catechets\\ncould be trained who would be capable and willing\\nto teach school during the week, and to deliver a\\ndiscourse (Vortrag) on the Lord s day. It would", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 255\\nnot be necessary to torment such subjects many\\nyears witli foreign languages; it would be suffi-\\ncient if they possessed mother wit, a compendious\\nknowledge and experience of the marrow and sap\\nof theology, could write a tolerable hand, under-\\nstood their vernacular (German) and the English\\ntongues, and the elements of Latin. They should\\nalso possess a robust bodily constitution, able to\\nendure every kind of food and weather, and espe-\\ncially have a heart that sincerely loves Jesus and\\nhis lambs.\\nIn America there are schools, gymnasiums,\\nacademies, and universities enough (and their\\nnumber is multiplying with the increased taste)\\nfor lawyers, notaries, physicians, philosophers,\\ncandidates for benefices, critics, orators, sea cap-\\ntains, merchants, artists, c,, c., but who helps\\nthe half-dead man that has fallen among thieves,\\nand lies bleeding? Priests and Levites pass by on\\nthe other side, for their law forbids them to touch\\nanything unclean. And if occasionally some be\\nfound who profess themselves Samaritans, they\\nhave, notwithstanding, ofttiraes unrighteous ob-\\njects; bind up, it is true, the wounds of the help-\\nless sufierer, and set him on their own beast, but,\\nat the same time, expect as a recompense to own\\nhim entirely and to lead him to their sectarian inn,\\nwhen the proverb is verified, The remedy is worse\\nthan the disease, as can be shown by many ex-\\namples. This matter belongs to the pia desideria\\n(pious desires), which are more easily accomplished\\nin theory than in practice.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "256 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThe newly organized Lutheran congregations\\nin I^orth Carolina had only one other resource\\nremaining, and that was to send to Europe for\\npastors and teachers for this new and promising\\nfield of labor among the Germans in this Prov-\\nince; and tliese congregations were not slow in\\nmaking this resource available, as may be seen by\\nexaminino; the records of the old church-book be-\\nlonging to Organ Church. They well knew that\\nto send letters or petitions to Europe for pastors\\nand teachers would accomplish but little, hence\\nthey resolved to send a delegation, who could\\nmake personal appeals to the hearts of their\\nbrethren of the same faith, describe the wants of\\nthe churches in is^orth Carolina, and answer any\\nquestion relative to the country in which they re-\\nsided, support of the pastor, c. Accordingly,\\nin the year 1772, Christopher Rintelmann, from\\nOrgan Church, in Rowan County, and Christopher\\nLayrle, from St. John s Church, in Mecklenburg\\nCounty, were sent as a delegation to Europe, for\\nthe purpose of applying to the Consistory Council\\n(Consistorialrath) of Hanover, in Germany, for a\\nsupply of ministers of the gospel and school-\\nteachers, for the various Lutheran congregations\\nthen organized in North Carolina. The reason\\nis also stated, why the delegation were instructed\\nto apply to the proper authorities in Hanover in\\npreference to any other place or kingdom: Be-\\ncause at that time ITorth Carolina, as well as all\\nthe other free American States, was under the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 257\\njurisdiction of the king of England, who was at\\nthe same time elector of Hanover.\\nThese commissioners traveled first to London,\\nand from thence they journeyed to Hanover, and\\nthere, in accordance with tlieir instructions, to\\nhring at least one pastor and a schoolteacher with\\nthem, and through the kind efforts of the late\\nConsistory counsellor. Gotten, tliej obtained the\\nRev. Adol[)h Nussmann as their pastor, and Mr.\\nGottfried Arndt as schoolteacher; both of whom\\narrived safely in North Carolina in 1773.\\nBut this was not all the good which these com-\\nmissioners effected, for b} their faithful represen-\\ntations of the condition and want of the churches,\\nthe Lutlieran congregations in I^orth Carolina, as\\nalready seen from the constitution of St. John s\\nChurch, were placed under the supervision of the\\nConsistor} of Planover and the University of\\nGottingen, from which they were promised and\\nexpected both pecuniary assistance and a further\\nsupply of ministers and teachers; and had it not\\nbeen that the Hevolntionary War broke out shortly\\nafterwards, which stopped all communication with\\nEurope for a period of nearly eight years, there\\nis no calculating how much the Lutheran Church\\nin the Carolinas would have been benefited by\\nthe arrangement made with the parent Church in\\nHanover. Even after the war ended, as will be\\nseen in the next chapter, the mone}^ that had been\\ncollected in Hanover for St. John s Church, which\\nwas feared to have been lost or forfeited on ac-\\ncount of the action which the Germans in North\\n22", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "258 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina took in the war, was nevertheless paid\\nover to that congregation, according to the origi-\\nnal intent of the donors.\\nOne eliect, however, the Revolutionary War\\ndid have upon the Consistory of Hanover and\\nthe University of Gottingen, although the cause\\nor reason is not stated; the supervision of the\\nLutheran Church in IS orth Carolina was placed\\nin the hands of the professors of the Julius Charles\\nUniversity of Helmstaedt, in the Duchy of Bruns-\\nwick. Doubtless the parent Church in Hanover\\nbecame indifferent to the wants of the Lutheran\\ncongregations in North Carolina, because the re-\\nvolt of the American Colonies was against the\\nreigning house of Hanover, who was, as already\\nseen, at the same time king of Great Britain,\\nwhich may have occasioned the transfer of the\\ncare of the jSTorth Carolina mission Held to the\\nDuchy of Brunswick.\\nBev. John Caspar Vclliiusen, D.D., theological\\nprofessor of the Julius Charles University, in\\nHelmstaedt, and abbot of the cloister of Marien-\\nthal, became the leading spirit of this newly-\\nformed mission socict} organized for the super-\\nvision and care of the Lutheran churches in jSTorth\\nCarolina; with him were associated the Rev. Prof.\\nIlenko, and the Professors Crell, Kliigel, and\\n]3runs. The labors of this society, if formed be-\\nfore the close of the Revolutionary War, were i)i-\\nterruptcd duiiug that stormy period, when all\\ncommunication between Europe and America\\nceased, but became exceedingly efficient for the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 259\\nwelfare of the North Carolina mission field soon\\nafter peace was again established, and to this\\nIlelmstaedt mission society is all the honor due,\\nfor having saved the Lutheran Church in North\\nCarolina from sinking into decay, if not from\\ntotal aniiihihition. It commenced, or recom-\\nmenced, its labors for the jSTorth Carolina mission\\nfield on the 14th of October, 1786.\\nSection 14- The Labors of JRevs. Nussman and Arndt\\nin North Carolina.\\nThe Lutheran Church in North Carolina was\\npeculiarly fortunate in obtaining the services of\\nso learned, devoted and self-sacrificing a Chris-\\ntian minister as was its first pastor, the Rev.\\nAdolph Nussmann. His praise was in all the\\nchurches; men did him honor who had never\\nknown him, but heard of his influence and suc-\\ncessful labors amona; the German settlers. Rev.\\nDr. Carutliers, a Presbyterian minister, speaks of\\nhim in the highest terms of praise. Rev. Dr.\\nVelthusen in Germany does the same. Nussmanu\\nwas indeed a man who might have filled with\\nhonor the highest position in any Church or liter-\\nary institution, but was content to labor for the\\ncause of Christ, and to sacrifice himself among\\nthe unambitious but honest German agriculturists\\nof North Carolina.\\nHe located himself at first in Rowan Count}^,\\nnear Second Creek, and served Organ and Salis-\\nbury Churches, whilst the newly arrived teacher.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "260 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nJ. G. Arndt, occupied himself in giving instruc-\\ntion to the children and youth.\\nAfter having taken a survey of the field of min-\\nisterial labor in the interior of the Province, Rev.\\nJSTussmann perceived that it was ah-eady ripe for\\ntiie harvest, and that he could eiiect but little by\\nhimself; the demands upon his time and energy\\nwould be far too great, were he to endeavor to\\nsupply all the Lutheran churches, then existing in\\nthat Province, with the appointed means of grace,\\nand to labor simply as a missionary, organizing\\ncongregations, preaching and administering the\\nsacraments among and in all of them, would effect\\nbut little good, unless these churches could be\\nsoon supplied with pastors: a number of congre-\\ngations were already organized, and were hunger-\\ning after the bread of life.\\nHis only alternative was to have the teacher\\nArndt ordained, who indeed had received an ex-\\ncellent education in German}-, where much is re-\\nquired of a teacher, and make him a co-laborer\\nin this hopeful field; so, after having properly\\narranged all Cliurch affairs in Rowan County, he\\nresigned the charge into the hands of Rev. Arndt,\\nand removed to St. John s Church, in Mecklen-\\nburg County, where he labored industriously and\\nfaithfully all the remaining years of his life. He\\nalso made a number of missionating tours to\\nDavidson, Guilford, Orange, Stokes and For-\\nsythe Counties, strengthening the things that\\nremained, organizing Lutheran congregations,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 261\\nand serving them occasionally, particularly in the\\ntwo last-mentioned counties.\\nRev. Arndt s labors were chiefly conlined to\\nRowan County until after the close of the Revo-\\nlutionary War, when, in 1786, he removed to\\nLincoln County, and became the acknowledged\\nfounder of the Lutheran Church west of the\\nCatawba River.\\nIt must not be supposed that JSTussmann s labors,\\nconfined to the v. unts of St. John s Church, would\\nbe comparatively light, except when he made mis-\\nsionary visits to other counties nothing is farther\\nfrom the truth. It was the custom in those co-\\nlonial times, when the population was sparse, to\\nhave but one church centrally located in a county\\nor district, and the people would come from a\\ngreat distance to attend divine service, and attach\\nthemselves to the congregation, the bounds of\\nwhich often embraced a territory within the radius\\nof fifty miles, except where it came near to another\\nchurch of the same faith in an adjoining county.\\nThis was the case with St. John s Church, out of\\nwhich sprang a number of other congregations,\\nlocated now in the same and different counties,\\nall of which were faithfully and regularly supplied\\nwith the word and sacraments by Pastor Nuss-\\nmann, until after his death the necessity arose\\nfor organizing new and separate churches. The\\nsame may likewise be said of the labors of Rev.\\nArndt, inasmuch as Rowan County embraced at\\nthat time all the territory of Davie, Iredell, and\\nDavidson Counties.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "262 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nFifteen years did these two faithful servants of\\nGod labor alone, under many difficulties and pri-\\nvations, and through all the stormy period of the\\nRevolution, before any additional laborers were\\nsent to their assistance however, they succeeded,\\nby the blessing of God, in preserving life among\\nthose congregations that were remotely located\\nfrom them, and in building up those of which\\nthey were the regular pastors.\\nDr. Caruthers states, that in connection with\\nthe occasional labors of Rev, Kussmann among\\nthe German settlers of Guilford and Orange, the\\nRev. Mr. Beuthahn, a German Reformed minister,\\norganized congregations in that territory, and\\npreached for them, but sn[)ported himself princi-\\npally b} teaching a Gorman school in the south-\\neast corner of Guilford County. Many of these\\ncongregations held the church property jointly\\nwith the Lutherans, and each denomination had\\nalternate use of these churches.\\nSection 15. Character of the Lutheran ministry in\\nthe Carolinas previous to the Mevolutiona?y War\\ntheir piety, lecaming, firm adherence to the Con-\\nfessions of their Church, faithfulness in the dis-\\ncharge of their ministcricd duties liturgical\\nworship, ^c.\\nThe testimony of all the ancient records of the\\nante-revolutionary period, concerning the charac-\\nter of the early Lutheran ministry in the Carolinas,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 263\\nis SO excellent and so impartially written, even by\\nthose who were in no way connected with the\\nLutheran Church, that it is refreshing to read\\nthem God be praised, that, in the period of the\\nfounding of our Church in these two provinces, so\\nexcellent a beginning was made, the best and the\\nmost competent men were sent by the parent\\nChurch in Europe to labor in this tield; and whilst\\nthe great want of ministers at that time did bring\\ninto the field some, wbo were not so distinguislied\\nfor their learning, and others, like Revs. Wartman\\nand Daser, who were possessed of characteristics\\ncalculated to interfere with their usefulness, never-\\ntheless, the majority of the Lutheran ministers of\\nthat period, and who may be regarded as the early\\nfathers of their Church, and certainlj^ the best\\nentitled to that distinction, were men of the noblest\\ntraits of character, and efficient in accomplishing\\na vast amount of good. Their faith and juety\\nwere made manifest without seeking public noto-\\nriety, and the noblest monument reared to their\\nmemory ai-e the works which followed them, which\\nstill speak to their praise, though many of them\\nnow slumber in unknown graves.\\nThey were men of learning, and might have\\nfilled positions of honor and usefulness in their\\nnative counti y but, possessed of the true mission-\\nary spirit, they sacrificed all temporal advantages,\\nin order that they might labor for the welfare of\\nthe souls of their neglected brethren in America,\\nand build up the Church in that section of the\\ncountry to which they had been sent. And when", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "264 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthey arrived, great were the privations and hard-\\nships which they liad to endure, and whicli can\\nnever be fully estimated without conteniplating\\nall the circumstances of colonial times; they not\\nonly felt the absence of relatives, friends of their\\n3 outh, college and university associates, but also\\nthe want of frequent intercourse with ministerial\\nbrethren, of men of learning and refinement, of\\nthe literature of the day, of the comforts of ad-\\nvanced civilization, and even of good roads and\\nconveniences for travelling. They were isolated\\nand, so to speak, walled-in by the primeval forests,\\nand were subjected to the constant intercourse\\nwith persons who, whilst they respected, esteemed\\nand loved their ministers, never could enter into\\ntheir feelings of refinement, nor appreciate any\\nintellectual conversation.\\nThe early records also indicate, tliat the Lutlieran\\nministers of that period were firm believers in the\\ndoctrines of their Church, and unconditional ad-\\nherents to the manner in which these doctrines\\nwere set forth in the Symbolical books. For\\nproof of this we are directed first to the Urlsperger\\nReports. Rev. Bolzius makes the following record\\nin his journal, under date. May 15, 1734: This\\nmorning we returned to Habercorn, where we\\nadministered the Lord s Supper to two sick per-\\nsons, who rejoiced that their souls were refreshed\\nwith the eating and drinking the body and blood\\nof Christ. We held a short preparatory discourse\\non the words: Whosoever will come unto me, I\\nwill in no wise cast out, to which they attentively", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 265\\nlistened witli tears of contrition, c. Although\\nthe Symbolical Books are not mentioned in this\\nextract of Rev. Bolzius diary, yet the distinctive\\nbelief of the Lutheran Church in reference to the\\nLord s Supper is set forth, phiinly indicating the\\nfaith of these Ebenezer pastors. It is also admitted\\nthat Rev. Bolzius did not reside in Carolina, but\\nat that time he occasionally visited Charleston and\\nPurysburg, and labored among the Germans re-\\nsiding there; and the extract, as above given, oc-\\ncurs in his diary of a journey made to Charleston\\nfor this very purpose.\\nThe next testimonj^ on this subject is given in\\nthe journal of Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg. During his\\nvisit to Charleston, a petition of the members of\\nthe vacant Lutheran congregation in that city for a\\npastor was sent to Europe, in which they describe\\nthe kind of pastor they were desirous to obtain,\\nand in which description the following clause oc-\\ncurs: Who is able and willing to administer the\\nHoly Sacraments agreeably to the articles of our\\nunaltered Augsburg Confession. Whilst it is ad-\\nmitted that the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg is the author\\nof that petition, it was nevertheless undersigned\\nbj all, or nearly all, of the members of St. John s\\nLutheran Church in Charleston, South Carolina.\\nAfter the Revolutionary War this congregation\\nformed a union with Roman Catholics and Ger-\\nman Reformed, as reported by Rev. Dr. Velthusen,\\nbut from the beginning it was not so.\\nAnother decided testimony is furnished from\\nthe first constitution of St. John s Church, Mcck-\\n23", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "266 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nleiiburg (Cabarrus) Comity, North Carolina, writ-\\nten by the founder of the Lutheran Church in that\\nProvince, Rev. Adolph ISTussmann, wliich reads as\\nfollows: Every pastor of this church is bound to\\nconfess himself with heart and mouth to the Sym-\\nbolical Books of our Evangelical Church. From\\nthe same constitution we also learn that the wor-\\nship in that congregation was liturgical, as it was,\\nindeed, in all the Lutheran churches in the Caro-\\nlinas at that early period, conforming very closelj\\nto the usages of the Lutheran Church in Germany.\\nThe early fathers of the Lutheran Church in\\nthe Carolinas were conscientious and faithful in\\nthe discharge of their ministerial duties, perform-\\ning labors for the welfare of the Church even out-\\nside of their own congregations, and were always\\nready in word and doctrine to lead souls to Christ.\\nThey generally devoted all their time to the work\\ncommitted to their charge. Some of them had a\\nvery meagre support, especially in the rural dis-\\ntricts, where the salary consisted principally in the\\nproductions of the soil, which the members of\\ntheir congregations brought to them, and where\\nthis was insufficient for the support of themselves\\nand families, they labored with their own hands\\non their farms, or on lands belonging to their\\nchurches.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 267\\nSection 16. Gradual Improvement of the Condition of\\nthe German Colonies and of their Churches in\\nthe Carolijias, and bright Prospects for the Fu-\\nture.\\nThe German colonies of ISTorth and South Caro-\\nlina were now firmly established. The people had\\nnothing more to fear from the incursions of the\\nIndians, who had mostly been driven beyond the\\nAlleghany Mountains; the whole Atlantic slope,\\nfrom New England to Georgia, was in the posses-\\nsion of the white settlers, who could quietly and\\nsafely remain at home, and enrich themselves by\\nthe cultivation of the soil.\\nThe peculiar adaptation of the German colonists\\nto agricultural pursuits was soon rewarded by thrift\\nand abundance. They became attached to their\\nnew homes, and their children intermarrying with\\neach other, bound the settlers together in bonds\\nof relationship, as well as of friendship. Their\\nlove for their former homes beyond the sea and in\\nother American provinces was lost, in course of\\ntime, in the feeling of general prosperity, whilst\\nthose, who were to the manor born, knew and\\nloved no country so well, as the one in which they\\nresided. Tlie trials, want and hardships of early\\ncolonization were at an end, and brigl)t prospects\\nfor the future appeared to greet every settler, who\\nwas willing to labor, and to manage his affairs\\nprudentlj-.\\nThe Lutheran Church in the Carolinas likewise\\npresented hopeful prospects for the future at this", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "268 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nperiod immediately preceding the Revolutionary\\nWar. Congregations were being organized, and\\nchurches were erected wherever the number of\\nsettlers was sufficiently large to warrant them in\\ntaking these steps; often they did not always wait\\nfor the aid of ministerial counsel, but took the\\nnecessary steps themselves. The scarcity of min-\\nisterial labor was still greatly felt, yet the German\\nsettlers who had no pastors, were occasionally vis-\\nited by the pastors of their own faith in more for-\\ntunate congregations; besides, the parent Church\\nin the Fatherland had now become interested in\\ntheir, spiritually destitute condition, and the pros-\\npect was good that all the churches would shortly\\nbe supplied with either pastors or missionaries.\\nThis hope, or rather tliis dependence, whilst it\\npromised the Germans in the Carolinas a speedy\\nsupply of the means of grace, exerted, nevertheless,\\nan unwholesome influence upon them. No effort\\nwas made to organize a synod for the purp(^)se of\\nregulating their Church aflairs; some of their min-\\nisters labored in an independent atid isolated\\nsphere, whilst others were under the control of\\nthe parent Church in Germany, to which the} re-\\nported regularly, and from which they received\\naid, direction and counsel. Nor did they feel the\\nnecessity of establishing an institution of learning\\nto educate ministers of their own in America, and\\nthus be enabled to till the vacant churches with\\npastors, which, if properly managed, could liave\\nbeen done with but little outlay of money in those", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 269\\n(lays of economy and thrift, had they not luid the\\nprospect of receiving more ministers from Europe.\\nRev. Dr. Muhlenberg foresaw this evil and its\\nconsequent effects, but whilst he lamented the\\nv.ant of such a literary institution, he made no\\npersonal effort to accomplish the good work, or\\nwas prevented from so doing by the indifference\\nof the Church in regard to this matter. JSTot long\\nafter that time the Revolutionary War commenced,\\nwhen it was too late to make the attempt, for the\\nmind, heart and w^ants of the colonists were set\\nin another direction.\\nSection 17. The Effect of the Revolutionary War\\nupon the German Settlements and their Churches.\\nWar is one of the most destructive calamities\\nwith which any people can be afHicted, bearing\\nmany evils in its train, and seriously affecting all\\nthe affairs and interests of civil, social and ecclesi-\\nastical life. Especially was this the case with the\\nRevolutionary War in its effect upon the Ameri-\\ncan people, who had but recently emerged from\\nall the evils and hardships of early colonization,\\nand who had as yet no independent national exist-\\nence, no regular army and navy and although the\\nwar was not altogetlier an unexpected event, yet\\nwhen it did break out, it found the Colonies but\\nlittle prepared for it, and consequently must have\\nbeen productive of much suffering and many evils.\\nTlie effect of the war upon the German settle-\\nments was the same as on all the other Colonies.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "270 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIt arrested all progress, it interrupted the pursuit\\nof every peaceful art, except that which was nec-\\nessary to support life. Many a plowshare rusted\\naway in its uiitinished furrow, many a field lay\\nfallow for a long time, little improvement was\\nmade anywhere. The strength of manhood, which\\nwas needed at home for the development of the\\nresources of the country, was more urgently re-\\ncpiired to fill up the rank and file of the ami}-;\\nand the women of that period were obliged to per-\\nform, to a certain extent, the hard labor that was\\nneeded to cultivate the soil, and to gather and\\nprepare its productions for home consumption,\\nwhilst the long winter evenings vi^ere spent in\\nmaking articles of clothing for the family and for\\nthe relatives in the army.\\nWar had its sad eft ect also upon the faith and\\nmorals of the people. When it frequently occurs\\nthat brother is arrayed against brother, and one\\nneighborhood known to be in open hostility to\\nthe other, when it was lawful for the adherents\\nof royal t} called Tories, to rob and plunder, and\\neven to destroy human life at pleasure, and re-\\nprisals on the American or Whig side were like-\\nwise not wanting, it can be readily imagined what\\nthe state of piety and morals must have been at\\nsuch times of almost general anarchy. When law\\nand order, in times of peace, can scarcely restrain\\nthe passions of men, what must have been the con-\\ndition of society during the prevalence of a war for\\nthe establishment of a new government, which\\natiiicted our country for so long a time, and con-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 271\\ncerniiig which, to a large extent, the opinions and\\nfeelings of the people were divided!\\nUpon the different churehes the war had a most\\ndeleterious effect; it greatly reduced their number\\nof membership; it caused those who remained at\\nhome to become careless and indifferent about\\ntheir spiritual welfare; many of the churches in\\nthe cities were used as hospitals for the sick and\\nwounded, and the congregations were more or\\nless scattered to where the people were less ex-\\nposed to the devastations of the hostile army;\\nwhilst in the country the danger of being robbed\\nand plundered during absence from home, in\\nattendance upon divine service, almost emptied\\nthe various churches of worshipers; all that the\\nminister of the gospel could then do was to visit\\nliis flock as often as time and opportunity per-\\nmitted, laboring only in hope of the dawn of a\\nbetter day, and the speedy return of peace and\\nprosperity, l^o congregations could think of\\nmaking improvements on their churches and\\nschools, or of bu ilding new houses of worship;\\nit was even more than could be accomplished to\\nhold their owmi, and to strengthen the things\\nwhich remained, tliat were ready to die. The\\nclose of the war witnessed churches in ruins, con-\\ngregations dispersed; some of them so effectually\\ndied out that they were never again resuscitated,\\nwhilst others were so weakened and had grown\\nso indifferent, that with the greatest difficulty they\\nwere revived into a new though lingering life.\\nThis was particuhirlj the case with the Lutheran", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "272 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCliurcli ill the Carolinas; it had suft ered much in\\nthe days of its early planting, but it suffered still\\nmore during the dark [teriod of the Revolutionary\\nWar, and approached very near to becoming en-\\ntirely extinct.\\nThe ministers themselves were often harassed,\\npersecuted, and at times in danger of their lives.\\nRev. Christian Streitt, pastor of St. John s Lu-\\ntheran Ciiurch, Charleston, South Carolina, was\\ntaken prisoner by the British soldiers, and was\\nnever again permitted to return, but found a field\\nof labor elsewhere at the close of the war. Rev.\\nMr. Martin, many of whose descendants are still\\nliving, on his refusal to pray for the king, was\\ndriven from his church, and his property was con-\\nfiscated. He was for a time placed under ai-rest,\\nand was afterwards compelled to leave the city,\\nto which he did not return until the close of the\\nwar. His house, writes his great-grand-\\ndaughter, had twice, during the Revolutionary\\nWar, been burned by our own troops, fearing that\\nthe dwelling might furnish a co\\\\fer to the enemy s\\napproach. This was doubtless done before the\\nBritish succeeded in occupying the city. Rev.\\nNussmann in North Carolina fared no better,\\nalthough no regular army passed through the\\ncountry where he resided; but he was pursued\\nby Tories, who threatened to take his life. Aged\\nand defenceless as he was, he could do nothing\\nbetter than to seek refuge in fleeing to a retreat\\nnear his home, where he was hid from their view,\\nand thus escaped. During all this dark period", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 273\\nof time the German ministers struggled single-\\nhanded and alone, but all were as faithful in tlie\\ndischarge of their duties, as the times and circum-\\nstances would permit. God also wonderfully pre-\\nserved their lives, for it is not positively known\\nthat a single Lutheran minister in the Carolinas\\ndied during the war. Rev. J. G. Friederichs passed\\nfrom the stage of action some time shortly pre-\\nvious to, or during the Revolution, but it is not\\ncertainly known when God took him to his rest;\\nand Rev. L. Hochheimer s name also disappears\\nfrom the records of that period.\\nAnother sad effect of the war upon the churches\\nin the Carolinas was the impossibility of having\\nany correspondence with the parent Church in\\nEurope, owing to the interruption of all commer-\\ncial intercourse with foreign nations. This de-\\nprived the congregations of the sympathy and aid\\nof their brethren in the Fatherland, and termi-\\nnated the supply of ministers, books and dona-\\ntions in money for the good of the Church in\\nthese two Provinces as long as the war lasted. In\\nshort, the removals, the deaths, the changes and\\nthe sufferings that were caused by this war of\\nEngland with her colonies in America can never\\nbe fully described, and will never be known, in\\nall their details, by any human being this side of\\neternity.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "274 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCHAPTER HI.\\nHISTORY OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE CARO-\\nLINAS FROM THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY\\nWAR, A.D. 1783, TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE\\nSYNOD OF NORTH CAROLINA, A.D. 1803, EIVIBRAC-\\nING A PERIOD OF TWENTY YEARS.\\nSection 1. State of the German Colonies and of the\\nLutheran Church at the Close of the Revolution.\\nThe conflict of arms had ceased; the smoke\\nand din of battle were seen and heard no more;\\npeace again spread its benign infl.uence over our\\nlong-afflicted country; the independence of the\\nAmerican Colonies was at last achieved acknowl-\\nedged even by England, and civil and religious\\nliberty was the well-earned reward of the people,\\nwho had patiently struggled and suffered for eight\\nlong years. Pros[)erity again commenced to\\ndawn upon the land, when all the energies of the\\npeo[)le were directed to the development of its\\nresources, and industry and economy soon re-\\nstored the healthy iinancial condition of its in-\\nhabitants.\\nBut there is another side to that picture which\\nis generally overlooked. War had left its deep", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 275\\ntruces of evil upon the virtues and morals of the\\npeople, who had become more or less degenerated\\nby the evil influences which a long war and a\\nchange of government generally exert upon man-\\nkind. The German people, especially in the\\nrural districts, were not so greatly affected by\\nthese influences of the war as were others, owing\\nto their isolated condition on account of lan-\\nguage, and their temperate and industrious habits\\nkept them more closely confined to their homes;\\nnevertheless, a general indifference to all matters\\nof religion prevailed almost everywhere, for the\\npeople were no longer hungry for the bread of\\nlife, but regarded the acquisition of wealth, or the\\nrepair of their former condition of competency, as\\nof primary importance.\\nOld landmarks of government had been entirely\\noverthrown, and the people were for five years\\npolitically unsettled in mind, ere a solid and stable\\ngovernment was formed and established. State,\\ngovernments existed, without which the whole\\nland would have been subjected to all the terrors\\nof anarchy; but one can easily imagine how little\\nrestraint these governments could enforce, and\\nwhat protection they could warrant, as long as\\nevery political arrangement was regarded as\\nmerely provisional.\\nForeign immigration, particularly into the\\nSouthern States, was, for a time, almost entirely\\narrested.\\nBut the worst consequences of the success of\\nthe Revolutionary War were the almost deifica-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "276 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntion of Liberty and the rapid rise of infidelity,\\nrationalism and religious indifterence. A proph-\\necy was made by one of the wisest statesmen of\\nthat time or shortly afterwards, that in fifty years\\nthere would not a single copy of the Bible be\\nfound in this country. Kor was the influence of\\nthe success of the Revolution confined to America.\\nFrance soon became dissatisfied with its monarch-\\nical government, and ran wild in its demands for\\nliberty. It had its desire, but its reign of terror,\\nwhich followed close upon the heels of American\\nindependence, became warning enough to all, that\\nliberty, however excellent it is, when properly re-\\nstrained by the virtue of its possessors and whole-\\nsome laws, becomes a dangerous plaything in the\\nhands of incompetent, selfish and wicked men.\\nHow significant is the cry of one of the victims\\nunder the guillotine: O Liberty, Liberty, how\\nmany crimes are comniitted in thy name!\\nWith this period we may also date the beginning\\nof rationalism in the Lutheran Church in America;\\nold landmarks of the Lutheran faith were set aside,\\nor formally confessed with a mental reservation,\\nchurch discipline was not generally, pioperly and\\nimpartially enforced, ancient church usages were\\nabandoned; our Church, thus despoiled of her\\nglory and strength, was made to correspond with\\nthe spirit of American liberty, and to assimilate\\nitself to other denominations, and an anxious seek-\\ning after temporal advantage became manifest\\neven among some of those, who were the acknowl-\\nedged shepherds of the flock.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "IN NORTn AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 277\\nThe spirit of the age was skeptical, selfish, and\\nprone to deify a virtue and morality entirely\\ndisconnected from the religion of onr Savior.\\nPriestcraft, under wliich reproachful term the\\ngospel ministry of all denominations was under-\\nstood, was so generally dreaded and so frequently\\ndenounced, that it is a matter of surprise that\\nministers of the gospel could effect any good at\\nall. But one extreme is usually followed by\\nanother, and generally by its opposite. The re-\\nvival of 1800, which swept over the entire land,\\n110 doubt accomplished good in checking the grow-\\ning evil of infidelity and religious unconcern, for\\nit taugiit men that there is a future retribution;\\nbut its spirit was legal, and it became the parent\\nof much fanaticism and Pharisaism, establishing\\nan ethical kind of religion, which cut oH some of\\nthe most tender cords of faith and love, that draw\\nthe human heart near to the Savior. An emo-\\ntional religion became prevalent; religious expe-\\nrience exchanged places with Christ, and a subjec-\\ntive faith was substituted for the objective; but\\nas a more extended account of this great revival\\nwill be furnished in another section of this chapter,\\nit is unnecessary to enlarge here.\\nThe Lutheran ministers in the Carolinas, who\\nsurvived all the vicissitudes of the Revolutionary\\nWar, as far as can be ascertained, were R-evs. Nuss-\\nmann and Arndt in North Carolina, and Revs.\\nMartin and Daser in South Carolina; concerning\\nRevs. Friederichs and Hochheimer nothing is\\nknown positively; their names do not occur in any", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "278 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof the extant records of tliat period; what became\\nof them, and when they died, must now remain,\\nas it is feai-ed, a matter of mere conjecture. Rev.\\nThens, the German Refoi-med minister in South\\nCaroHna, still lived, and continned to labor faith-\\nfully in his Master s vinej ard. The names of four\\nother German ministers in South Carolina a] pear\\nin view^ four or five 3-ears later, but it is probable\\nthat they began to lal)or in that field only after\\npeace was restored.\\nSection 2. JReorganization of Ecclesiastical affairs in\\nthe Luther^an Church in the Carolinas.\\nOn the 26th of March, 1784, St. Jolm s Lutheran\\nChurch in Charleston, upon the application of its\\nmembers, made in 1783, obtained a charter of\\nincorporation, under the changed name and title\\nof The Lutheran Church of German Protestants,\\nfrom the State legislature, which then held its\\nsessions in Charleston. This appears to have been\\nthe first eftbrt that was made at reorganization of\\necclesiastical affairs in the Lutheran Church under\\nthe new form of civil government in the Carolinas.\\nRev. Frederick Daser was still the pastor, and\\ncontinued in charge of that congregation until\\nJuly, 1786; there is undoubted testimony on that\\npoint, firstly, from the extract of the records of\\nthe church-book, published by Mr. Jacob F. Schir-\\nmer, who states: We find tiie name of Mr. F.\\nDaser as pastor up to July, 1786, when he resigned", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 279\\nhis office; seconcll3 ,from the Helmstaedt Reports,\\nin wliicli the author mentions having received a\\nletter from Rev. Daser, and states: We learn\\nfrom liis letter of the 20th of June, 1787, that he\\nhas now left Charleston since August, 1786, and\\nhas moved to another congregation, composed of\\nEnglish and German people, in Orangeburg Dis-\\ntrict, seventy miles further inland.\\nRev. John Nicholas Martin was again recalled,\\nand became tlie pastor of this church for the third\\ntime, but labored only one year, until the new\\nminister from Germany arrived, when, on account\\nof the infirmities of age, he withdrew from the\\nactive duties of the ministry. The family memoir,\\nfurnished by one of his descendants, states: Al-\\nthough aged, and having lost his former physical\\nvigor, his congregation still clung to him with\\nwarm afiection. They urged him in 1783 (1786)\\nto resume his pastoral relations, until a stated\\nminister could be procured from Germany. Upon\\nthe arrival of his successor, Rev. John C. Faber,\\nhe was released from further service, with a vote\\nof thanks from the church for the fidelity with\\nwhich he had ministered to their spiritual interests.\\nHe lived several years, after liis withdrawal from\\nthe active duties of the ministry, on the little farm\\nwith which there were so nuuiy associations con-\\nnected. This farm was situated about a mile\\nfrom Charleston, on which the revolutionary inci-\\ndents occurred, which were noticed in one of the\\npreceding sections.\\nConcerniui; the other Lutheran cono-rcirations", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "280 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nill the interior of South Carolina, ver^- little is\\nknown until 1787, excepting that the Orangeburg\\nDistrict cliarge was fortunate enough to have\\nreceived Rev. F. Daser for their pastor in August,\\n1786, and who, doubtless, remained there to the\\nclose of his life.\\nIn Rev. A. Nussmann s principal congregation,\\nSt. John s, Mecklenburg (Cabarrus) County, N. C,\\nthe want of a better house of worship was felt after\\nthe war, when the cons^reo-ation had ao-ain become\\nthoroughly organized. On the 6th of November,\\n1784, a beginning was made for the purpose of\\nrebuilding St. John s Church. It was resolved\\nto erect the new church on the same site where\\nthe old one stood, in the inclosui-e of the present\\ngraveyard, near the upper part of it. The sub-\\nscription list, taken in the currency of English\\nmoney, and ranging from ten pounds to three\\nshillings, is prefaced by the following pious wish\\nMay the good God help us, so that our under-\\ntaking may succeed well in peace and unanimity,\\nand that every man may do iiis part as he would\\nwish others to do towards himself. The whole\\nsubscription amounted to about X172|.\\nThe clmrch edifice was completed the following\\nyear, and was solemnly dedicated to the service of\\nthe triune God on the fourth of July, 1785, but\\nwith what ceremonies is not stated. Soon after\\nanother subscription was taken, foi the purpose of\\npurchasing a large gilt silver goblet from their\\npastor for communion service, which is still used\\nfor the same purpose.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 281\\nIn the Orgau and Salisbury Churches matters\\nremained unimproved, and tliose congregations\\nbecame vacant soon after the restoration of peace,\\nby the removal of Rev. J. G. Arndt to Lincohi\\nCount} where a new and promising lield awaited\\nliim, and where he accomplislied much good.\\nConcerning tiie other German Lutheran settle-\\nments in North Carolina nothing much can be\\nsaid, inasmuch as they never enjoj-ed the regular\\nservices of their own pastor until 1788, but were\\nvisited by Revs. Nussmann and Arndt as frequently\\nas the attendance upon the wants of their own\\nregular congregations would permit them.\\nSection 3. Arrival of Rev. John Charles Faber Re-\\nunion of the North Carolina Churches with the\\nParent Chuy^eh in Germany The North Caro-\\nlina Catechism, published by Rev. Dr. Velthusen,\\nand Rev. Daser^s Report to the Hclmstaedt Fa-\\nthers.\\nIn the year 1787, the Rev. John Charles Faber,\\nhaving received and accepted a call from the Lu-\\ntheran Church in Charleston, South Carolina,\\narrived from Germany and took charge of the\\nchurch. He continued to labor there for thirteen\\nyears, when, during the year 1800, his health failed\\nhim, and he resigned his office aspastor of that con-\\ngregation. The Rev. Mr. Pogson, an Episcopal\\nclergyman, ofiiciated on Sundays for a short time,\\nand on his retiring Mr. Faber consented to serve\\nthe church as far as his strength would allow.\\n24", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "282 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nAccording to the testimony of Rev. Dr. Velt-\\nhusen, in his preface to the North Carolina Cate-\\nchism, Rev. J. C. Faber must have labored with\\ngreat acceptance and success in Charleston, induc-\\ning many of the Germans of other religious per-\\nsuasions to unite with the Lutherans in building\\nup their church. Dr. V. says, This congrega-\\ntion may be looked upon as an example of Chris-\\ntian harmony, for it is composed of a union of\\nLutherans, German Reformed and Catholics, all\\nof whom live, according to the testimony of their\\npastor, the Rev. Mr. Faber, very peaceably toge-\\nther, although they are educated in difterent prin-\\nciples of religion. They visit the house of God\\nfaithfully, and contribute equally for the support\\nof divine worship.\\nA strong effort was made at this time by Rev.\\nITussmann to place the Lutheran Church in North\\nCarolina once more in connection with the parent\\nChurch in Germany, and this time he accomplished\\nhis purpose. His object was threefold: his con-\\ngregation, St. Johu -s, had money on deposit in\\nEurope, which had been collected for its benefit\\nprevious to the breaking out of the Revolutionary\\nWar, and the amount, \u00c2\u00a390 sterling, was certaiidy\\nworth the attempt to secure for the benefit of\\nthat congregation; besides, devotional books and\\nGerman school-books were greatly needed every-\\nwhere, and, in order to obtain a supply of them,\\napplication was made to the Mission Society at\\nHelmstaedt, Duchy of Brunswick, to send books\\nin exchange for the money that was coming to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 283\\nthat church, which could theu be sold among the\\nGermans in North Carolina, and more than the\\nsame amount of money realized from their sale.\\nBut the greatest necessity of all was a supply of\\nGerman Lutheran ministers; accordingly, as is\\nstated in Rev. C. A. G. Storch s journal, a call for\\nseveral Lutheran ministers to labor in North Caro-\\nlina was sent by Rev, Nussmann to Rev. Dr. Velt-\\nhusen, in Helmstaedt, Germany, and by this\\nmeans Rev. N. endeavored to preserve the Lu-\\ntheran Church in this State from becoming entirely\\nextinct, for in all human probability this would\\nhave been eventually its fate, if help, in the supply\\nof ministers, had been delayed several years longer,\\nwhen Revs. Nussmann and Arndt were called to\\ntheir long rest.\\nFor the purpose of taking these matters into\\nconsideration, particularly those bearing upon the\\nwelfare of St. John s Church, a meeting of the\\nchurch-council was called on the 30th of Septem-\\nber, 1787, which convened at the pastor s house,\\nand the following business was transacted:\\nAs before stated, many charitable persons in\\nEurope had safely deposited a considerable amount\\nof money in London, some time before the Revo-\\nlution, for the benefit of the congregation at\\nDutch Buffalo Creek, Mecklenburg County,\\nwhich had been appropriated in part for the wel-\\nfare of that church, and of which \u00c2\u00a390, sterling,\\n-were still remaining on deposit in that city, and\\nwhich, it was feared, this congregation had for-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "281 THE LUTHERAN. CHURCH\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2felted, on account of the action of its members in\\nthe Revolution it was, therefore,\\nRevoked, That if those benefactors would still\\nhave the kindness to permit this amount to be ap-\\npropriated to the welfare of this congregation, as\\nwas at first intended, that the money should always\\nbe considered as a fund belonging solely to the\\nchurch.\\nResolved, That from the interest of this fund\\nthe yearly salary of the pastor shall be supple-\\nmented.\\nRcsolced, That no part of the principal shall\\nbe touched without the consent of the donors.\\nThis fund had accumulated in 1843 to fifteen\\nhundred dollars, and was then all consumed, con-\\ntrary to this resolution, in erecting the present\\nchurch edifice, in which the members of St. John s\\nChurch now worship.\\nResolved, That this amount of funds shall not\\nbe sent in money, but, as the congregation is de-\\nsirous of obtaining books, especially those pub-\\nlished by those five learned philanthropists in\\nIlelmstaedt, Revs. Abbots Velthusen and Henke,\\nand the Professors Crell, Kliigel and Bruns, for\\nthe benefit of the Christian religion in America;\\nit is ordered that a part be printed by St. Michael s\\nDay, and the other part by next Easter Day, and\\nit is requested that the first four numbers be pur-\\nchased, and strongl} but not expensively bound,\\nand then be sent over to us.\\nResolved, That the whole Society, or a part of\\nthe members by order of the Society, be permitted", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 285\\nto appropriate the whole or a part of this money\\nin the purchase of tliose expected books, which\\nare to be sent to us.\\nBesoked, That these resoUitious be inscribed\\nin the church-book.\\nHesolved, That the cliest, in which these books\\nare to be sent, shall be directed M. C. D. B. C,\\nsupposed to signify Mecklenburg County, Dutch\\nButfulo Creek.\\nThis abstract of the proceedings of St. John s\\nchurch council, held at the time and place above-\\nmentioned, is taken from the old church-book,\\nstill extant and written in the German lauijuao-e.\\nThe eftbrts of Rev. Nussmann and his congre-\\ngation were crowned with success; the money was\\nsecured, tlie needed books were sent, and in com-\\npliance with the request of Rev. Nussmann, a sec-\\nond edition of one of those books, named at first\\nThe Ilelmstaedt Catechism, was published, and\\nreceived the title North Carohna Catechism. A\\ncopy of its title-page is inserted here in its original\\nlanguage, for tlie benelit of all those who under-\\nstand the German\\nNordcarolinischer Katechismus, oder Christ-\\nlicher Religionsunterricht nacli Einleitung der\\nheiligen Schrift, entworfen von Johann Caspar\\nVelthusen, Doctor und ordentlichem Leiirer der\\nTheologie, erstem Prediger in Helmstaedt, und\\nGeneral Superintend; auch Abte des Klosters\\nMarienthal.\\nIt is a book containing 254 pages, published in\\n1788, in the city of Leipzig, by Siegfried Lebrccht", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "286 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCrusius, and also incloses Luther s smaller cate-\\nchism in its pages. It informs us of the degree\\nof interest which the Church in the Fatherland\\ntook in our ecclesiastical affairs in this section of\\nour country. Its chief importance at this time is\\nits historical value, giving us an insight in the\\nmanner in which the practical affairs of our\\nchurches in the Carolinas were conducted at the\\ntime of its publication. This is furnished us iu\\nits preface, in which Dr. Velthusen reports some\\ninteresting facts concerning the Lutheran Church\\nin I\u00c2\u00bbrorth Carolina and Charleston, informing us\\nof the departure of Rev. C. A. G. Storch (Stork)\\nfrom Ilelmstaedt to his future field of labor in\\nNorth Carolina.\\nThe preface to this Xorth Carolina Catechism\\nreads as follows This second edition corresponds\\nverbatim with the first, which I then denominated\\nthe Helmstaedt Catechism, because it is likewise\\nnecessary for the use of the Catechetical Institute\\nof this place.\\nIn the meantime two very strong congrega-\\ntions in North Carolina have most feelingly de-\\nclared themselves willing to accept with gladness\\nthe preachers which we ex[)ect to send out to them.\\nRev. Mr. Storch is already upon the sea on his way\\nthither.\\nWe have also the assurance from other por-\\ntions of America, that the choice of our books of\\ninstruction are suitable to their wants. Besides,\\nvarious of these books have also been introduced\\nin Charleston, by the approval and support of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 287\\ncongregation, for the instruction of their youth.\\n(Here follows the description of the condition of\\nthe Lutheran Church in Charleston, already quoted\\non another page.) I have, therefore, given the\\nabove title to this Catechism from motives of love\\nand regard to my friend. Rev. Nussniann, as such\\nhas been his desire from the beginning. May\\nGod bless the use of this book, my dear brethren,\\nfor your and your children s everlasting salvation.\\nHelmstaedt, May 1st, 1788.\\nFrom one of the Helrastaedt Reports we are\\ninformed how these books and letters intended\\nfor Rev. Nussmann were sent to him. Dr. Velt-\\nhusen says: We had formerly sent everything\\nwhich was intended to reach Rev. Mr. Nussmann,\\nas we were requested, to the address of Rev. Mr.\\nDaser, but who has now left Charleston, and has\\nmoved to Orangeburg District, where he must\\nawait such opportunities as the country market-\\nwagons afford, before Rev. !N^ussmann could re-\\nceive our letters, sent over through the kindness\\nof friends in London, Amsterdam, Copenhagen,\\nHamburg, Altona and Bremen.\\nRev. Mr. Daser also mentions a fact in his letter,\\nwhich is woi thy of notice, and assists us in obtain-\\ning an insight into the condition of the Lutheran\\nChurch in the interior of South Carolina at that\\ntime.\\nDr. Velthusen states: -Rev. Mr. Daser men-\\ntions two congregations in South Carolina that\\nare in search of a pastor, but the assurances were\\nnot sufficiently distinct and satisfactory to propose", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "288 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthis call to one, whose welfare at the present time\\nis even dearer to us than our own, or even to\\npermit any one to make a journey upon such an\\nuncertainty; for we have determined upon the\\nprinciple, never to send any one as a preacher to\\nAmerica, except under such circumstances which\\nwould induce each one of us cheerfully to make\\nthis journey ourselves, if our individual circum-\\nstances would permit, in dependence upon God\\nand upon the good cause; for we despise, with all\\nour hearts, every uncalled-for emigration from the\\nFatherland, and all wandering about in the world\\nas adventurers.\\nThese two vacant churches in South Carolina\\nmust have been the one in Barnwell District, and\\nSalem Church at Sandy. Run, Lexington District,\\nso supposed from the fact that all the other charges\\nin that State appear to have been sup[)lied with\\npastors that same year, when the Corpus Evan-\\ngelicum was organized; and also, that Rev. Daser,\\nresiding in Orangeburg District at the time he\\nwrote, was nearest to these two congregations, and\\nwas doubtless specially interested in their welfare.\\nSection 4- The Coiyus Evangelicum, or Unio Eccle-\\nsiastica in South Carolina^ and the Ordination\\nof Rev. J. G. Bamberg.\\nWe have now arrived at that period in the his-\\ntory of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas,\\nwhen the first attempt was made, in connection\\nwith the German Reformed ministers, to organize", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 289\\nsome kind of ecclesiastical body, that should have\\nthe supervision of all the German churches in the\\ninterior of the State of South Carolina.\\nThis body wsls organized in Zion s Church, Lex-\\nington District (County), November 13th, 1787,\\nand consisted of Lutheran and German Reformed\\nministers, together with lay deputies from the\\nchurches belonging to both denominations. It\\nhad the double name of Corpus Evangelicum and\\nUnio Ecclesiastica, doubtless so given with the\\nview that neither denomination could have occa-\\nsion to object to the title and to its undenomina-\\ntional character. Its principal object was to make\\nspecial arrangement for the proper incorporation\\nof all the German churches by legislative enact-\\nment, which were located in the interior of the\\nState; the Lutheran church in the cit}^ of Charles-\\nton having already secured its charter of incorpo-\\nration. The ordination of a candidate to the office\\nof the ministry indicated that the performance of\\nthis duty seemed to be also one of its objects; and\\nthe general oversight and welfare of all the churches\\nin its connection, as was manifested by the pres-\\nence of lay delegates, claimed a large share of the\\nattention of that body.\\nThe Lutheran congregation in Charleston never\\nconnected itself with that bodj neither did the\\ntwo Lutheran ministers. Revs. Faber and Martin,\\nwho resided there; but for what reason is not\\nstated.\\nThe Corpus Evangelicum was sliort-lived, as\\nmight have been expected, and as all such mixed\\n25", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "290 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\necclesiastical bodies must necessarily be. A union\\nof denominations cannot be otherwise than false,\\nwhere the united parties are not agreed either in\\ndoctrine or practice, for each party feels that it is\\nnot laboring specially for the upbuilding of its\\nown denomination, and thus zeal and energy are\\nparalyzed, and the heart grows weak. Such a\\nunion becomes the parent of indiiFerentism.\\nIt is a Utopian dream ever to expect a union\\nof all orthodox Christian denominations in this\\nworld, and every attempt to effect a union of this\\nkind must finally become inoperative. Royal\\nedicts, as in Prussia, may for a long time keep\\ntwo or more denominations in an organized eccle-\\nsiastical connection, and galvanize such a union\\ninto a certain kind of life; but no sooner are such\\nedicts revoked, than the former state of things is\\nrestored, with, perhaps, the forming of a third\\ndenomination where once but two existed, thus\\nmaking tlie division still greater.\\nIt is admitted that this is taking but a philo-\\nsophical view of the case. The question. Is it\\nright in the sight of God? is quite another matter,\\nwhich need not now be discussed, as we have at\\npresent to deal only with historical facts. It is\\nwell known that such an ecclesiastical union was\\nformed in South Carolina an account of which\\nmay be found in Rev. Dr. Ilazelius History of\\nthe American LutheTarn--GhurclT~ppr 118-121,\\nAvhich, however, is not here inserted, because the\\nconstitution and report of the proceedings of that\\nbody are preferred, as translated by Dr. Ilazelius,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 291\\nand inscribed in the church book of St. Peter s\\ncongregation, near Lexington Court House, South\\nCarolina, in whicli church-book the orginal Ger-\\nman copy was found.\\nConstitution of the Corpus Evangelicum.\\nWhereas our legishiture, in virtue of a petition,\\nhas incorporated the major part of our Evangeli-\\ncal Zion in this free State, consisting of fifteen\\ncongregations, as a lawful society, with full power\\nto constitute and make such by-laws, orders, and\\nregulations as they may deem proper for the wel-\\nfare of such a society, and to administer a salutary\\nchurch discipline; therefore, the undersigned met\\non the 12th day of August, 1788, in the Lutheran\\nSalem s Church, Sandy Run, and resolved that\\nthe following articles shall be signed and sealed\\nby us, and be kept inviolably by every member\\nof the fifteen evangelical churches, as a general\\nChurch discipline, and that every person, who is\\ndesirous of becoming a member of this Church,\\nshall sign and observe these regulations, as fol-\\nlows:\\nArticle I. All the Christian congregations, in-\\ncorporated as aforesaid, shall form one corpus\\nevangelicorum under the title: Unio Ecclesiastica\\nof the German Protestant Churches in the State\\nof South Carolina. Each and every congregation\\nis depending on this corpus, by which all things\\nconcerning Church and religion shall be managed", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "292 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nand directed, and the free course of the gospel he\\npromoted within its bounds.\\nArticle II. Whereas it would he highly detri-\\nmental, if members of the Lutheran and Reformed\\nConfessions, who in this State live near each\\nother, and attend the same churches, should be\\nseparated, therefore we have agreed to this eccle-\\nsiastical union, by which, however, it is not to be\\nunderstood that any member of either confession\\nshould forsake his confession, but that both Lu-\\ntheran and Reformed, who are members of one\\nor the other incorporated churches, and who have\\nhitherto united in the attendance on worship, shall\\ncontinue to enjoy the same rights and privileges,\\nwithout the least reproaches in consequence of\\ntheir respective confessions.\\nArticle IIL Each of the united evangelical\\ncongregations agrees herewith, in accordance to\\nthe design expressed in their petition to the legis-\\nlature, to establish and preserve among them a\\nDirectory of their churches as long as a majority\\nof the fifteen churches agree to the same, which\\nDirectory shall consist of the ministers of said con-\\ngregations and two delegates, suitable hiy-members\\nof each of these churches. Under the general\\nsuperintendence of this Directory all aflairs re-\\nlating to churches shall be judged and regulated;\\nas for instance, the reception and dismission of\\npreachers, their election, examination, ordination,\\nand induction, the establishment and regulation\\nof churches and schools, where there are none at\\nl)resent, the improvement of such as are in exist-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 293\\nence, the manner of Divine service, so that uni-\\nformity mav exist in this matter, the collections in\\nchurches, and the proposition in what manner a\\nfund may be collected gradually for several neces-\\nsary expenses, and, in general, whatever may be\\nof importance for the furtherance and welfare of\\nthe whole body, as well as of each individual\\nchurch.\\nArticle IV. The officers of this Ecclesiastical\\nDirectory consist of a president, chosen from the\\nministers, a church council, selected from the\\ndeputies of the respective congregations, a secre-\\ntary, and a warden; which officers are to be\\nchosen yearly, on the second Wednesday of Jan-\\nuary, by the plurality of the votes of the whole\\nDirector} and the place of meeting may be\\nchanged, provided it is a convenient and central\\nsituation.\\nArticle V. Whenever a member of these in-\\ncorporated churches should be cited before this\\nDirectory, such member promises to appear before\\nthe same, unless prevented by some extraordinary\\nhindrance; and any member chosen to till an\\noffice in the Director} engages to accept the office\\nand to perform its duties, unless very special cir-\\ncumstances should prevent him from so doing.\\nArticle VI. Every congregation is to reply in\\nwriting to the Directory, and to give an account\\nof the state of their church. In all cases of im-\\nportance seek advice from the Directory; but\\neach incorporate church elects yearly on Esister\\nMonday the necessary church officers, viz. two", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "294 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nelders, four wardens, a secretary, and a cliurcli\\ntreasurer. The officers of the last year are to\\ngive an account of tbe state of the church prop-\\nerty to the newly-elected officers, and deliver to\\nthem all and every part thereof. And it is here-\\nwith agreed that all the church officers shall take\\nan oath before a magistrate, that they will faith-\\nfully and honestly administer the property of the\\nchurch.\\nArticle VIL The Directory is to keep a book\\nof record of all its regulations and ordinances.\\nBut each congregation shall keep its own minutes\\nand church register through the medium of their\\nministers and secretaries, and it shall be the duty\\nof the latter to register all the regulations concern-\\ning the temporalities of the church made by the\\nvestry and ministry concerning the same. Tiie\\nbooks, which are to be kept by the minister, shall\\nbe mentioned below.\\nArticle VIII. Wherever the major part of the\\nmembers of a congregation should belong to the\\nReformed Church, such a liturgy, formuln, and\\ncatechism are to be used as the Reformed Church\\nin the Palatinate or Switzerland make use of; but\\nwhere the divine service has hitherto been per-\\nformed according to the ceremonies of the Lu-\\ntheran Church, the Wiirtemberg or Ilalle formula\\nshall be adopted. The Marburg Ilymnbook, in\\nits second edition, remains in use in our churches\\nof both confessions.\\nArticle IX. Every congregation has the un-\\ndoubted right to elect, call, and to a[)prove of its", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 295\\nown minister; but whenever a parish is vacant, it\\nshall be the duty of its officers to apply to the Direc-\\ntory in this case, as in all cases of importance, to\\npropose a suitable candidate, and being approved\\nby the congregation, and they promise to give him\\na support, it shall be the duty of the Directory to\\ndeputize two ordained ministers to install the new\\npreacher in his parish.\\nArticle X. Every congregation promises here-\\nwith, and obligates itself, to make up a salary by\\nsubscription, according to its ability, and regularlj\\nto pay the same; likewise to treat its minister\\nwith respect, and not to dismiss him from its ser-\\nvice without a proper cause. Nevertheless, the\\nminister shall have the right and privilege to\\naccept a call from an^^ other congregation, if\\nProvidence should so direct. Each congregation,\\nlikewise, fixes the contingent fees of the minister\\naccording to their respective abilities.\\nArticle XL The preaclier, in any of these in-\\ncorporated congregations, promises on his part,\\nand binds himself before God and the Church, to\\nadminister his hoi} office, to adorn it by an unim-\\npeachable walk and conversation. In the discharge\\nof the duties of his holy office, whether public or\\nprivate, he shall ap})ear in his ministerial dress,\\nwhich is to be provided by the congregation. He\\nshall preach every Lord s da} an evangelical and\\nedifying sermon, and afterwards catechize the\\nyouth, except when baptism, communion, or a\\nmarriage is to be celebrated, or in case that he\\nhas to visit the sick. He shall yearly keep a fast", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "296 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nand prayer clay in his congregation, preach a har-\\nvest sermon, and celebrate in IjIs church the high\\nfestivals of Easter Sunday and Monday, Pentecost\\nSunday and Mondaj Ascension Day and Clirist-\\nmas Day, and other festivals of the Christian\\nChurcli, such as Good Friday, New Year, c.\\nHe likewise promises to continue his tlieological\\nstudies, and not to de})art from the principles of\\nour holy religion, and to warn his heai crs against\\nthe sects which divide the Church, and to endeavor\\nto prevent the growing evil. He shall also ad-\\nmonish his household and children to walk in the\\nfear of God, and in every respect is he bound as a\\nfaithful steward of God to act conscientiously in\\nhis public and private vocation. Unless it is abso-\\nlutely necessarj he shall not absent himself too\\nfar from liis congregation, and shall submit to\\nevery regulation which either has been made or\\nmay be made by the Directory.\\nHe sliall, at least once every year, make a state-\\nment to the Directory of his parochial duties,\\naccording to a formula which he is to receive.\\nHe shall j requently visit the schools, and seriously\\nadmonish the parents to educate their children in\\nthe nurture and admonition of the Lord. Ho\\nshall be diligent in exposing, and warning against,\\nthe vices and immoralities which may creep or\\nprevail in congregations. In regard to marriages,\\nand everything connected with the same, he is to\\nact with circumspection, and he shall endeavor to\\npreserve good morals, peace, and harmony, both\\nin the Church and families.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 297\\nEvery quarter lie shall call a meeting of the\\nchurch ofHcers, to counsel with them concerning\\nthe temporal and spiritual state of the congrega-\\ntion, examine the account of the church treasurer,\\nand keep an exact account of these proceedings in\\nhis own book, as the secretary has to preserve a\\nsimilar account in his. If hitherto no register of\\nbaptisms, communicants, confirmations, marriages,\\nand deaths has been kept in a congregation, the\\nminister is to make diligent search in his congre-\\ngation, whether any records of former times may\\nbe discovered, and if not, he shall henceforth keep\\nsuch a record, a model of which shall be sent to\\nthem by the president. Every minister, who is\\ncited to appear before the Directory to answer to\\nany accusation which may be brought against him,\\nis bound to appear before the same, and to submit\\nto the decision thereof.\\nArticle XII. A cop} of this act and church\\ndiscipline shall be made and deposited in each of\\nour united and incorporated congregations; this\\ncopy shall be subscribed and sealed by each mem-\\nber, and it shall frequentl} be read to the congre-\\ngation. Whosoever desires to become a member\\nof the church or Directory has to subscribe and\\nseal this discipline before he can be admitted to a\\nvote in any election held by the church.\\nArticle XIII. We herewith agree to keep a\\nbox in every church, into which every attendant\\non divine worship may cast his contribution, ac-\\ncording to his ability Jind good will. The amount\\nof these contributions shall yearly be declared", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "298 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbefore the Directory. This money is to be applied\\nfor the purchase of baptismal and communion ves-\\nsels; ministerial gowns, however, are to be pro-\\nvided by private collections in the congregation.\\nArticle XIV. We will make ai)plication by\\nletter to our brethren in the faith in Europe to\\nconsider our weak state, and especially to supply\\nus with ministers and schoolmasters.\\nArticle XV. As far as it is possible we will\\naid the poor in our congregations.\\nArticle XVL We shall not interfere in cases\\nwhich, according to law, ought to come before our\\ncivil magistrates, and in all respects submit to the\\nlaws of our country.\\nArticle XVII. If any person in the congrega-\\ntion should have a complaint against his minister,\\nhe is to make it known to the church council and\\nAvardens, and if these ofhcers are unable to bring\\nthe difhculty to an amicable settlement, tliej^ are\\nbound forthwith to acquaint the president with\\nthe circumstances by a written communication,\\nwho is then to take the matter in hand.\\nArticle XVIII. AIJ the families of our united\\nevangelical congregations bind ourselves solemnly\\nto attend regularly divine service agreeable to our\\nduty; to labor earnestly for the propagation of our\\nlioly religion; frequently to attend the means of\\ngrace; to avoid sectarianism as much as possible;\\nand to walk carefully according to the prescription\\nof pure doctrine.\\nArticle XIX. Our united zealous endeavor\\nshall be directed to promote the welfare of our", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 299\\nChurch, the extension of the religion of Jesus, as\\nwell as of our Zion; and with the adoption of this\\ndiscipline we make a beginning of this endeavor.\\nMay God further grant his richest blessing.\\nArticle XX. Should it hereafter be considered\\nnecessary, after due reflection, to cliange, abro-\\ngate, or disannul any of these Articles of Disci-\\nl^line, or add anything to the same by the Church\\nassembled in Director}^, such resolution shall be\\nadded as a lawful by-law to these regulations, and\\nwhich member soever shall wilfully resist these\\nrules, and will in nowise agree to the same, can-\\nnot iind fault with the Church to wdiich he has\\nhitherto belonged, nor with the Directory, if he\\nshall be deprived of the benefits and claims to\\neither.\\nActed and unanimously resolved and confirmed\\nby the Directory, August 8th, 1788; which we,\\nwho have been present at this Church meeting,\\nconfirm with our seals and subscription of our\\nnames.\\nNAMES OF MINISTERS AND THEIR SEALS.\\nFriederich Daser, a.m., President pro tern, [l.s.]\\nChristian Theus. [l.s.]\\nJ. G. Bamberg. [l.s.]\\nFriederich August Wallberg. [l.s.]\\nCarl Friederich Froelich. [l.s.]", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "300\\nTHE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nNAMKS AND SKALS OF THE DEPUTIES.\\nPhilip Berghoch. [l.s.\\nJoHANN George Koeller. [l.s.\\nPeter Michler. [l.s.\\nJohannes Gartmann. [l.s,\\nGeorge Gortmann. [l.s.\\nJacob Buchmann. [l.s.\\nLeonhard B. Buch. [l.s.\\nJohannes Schwaigart. [l.s.\\nJohn Jacob Stiefel. [l.s.\\nJohann Philip Zauerwein. [l.s.\\nMatthias Sen. [l.s,\\nChristopher Schlagel, [l.s,\\nHeinrich Koch. [l.s.\\nJOHAJSTN BALTHASER MARK. [l.S.\\nProceedings of th,e Corpus Evangelicum hi\\nSouth Carolina.\\nOn the 13tb of November, 1787, the nnclersigncd\\nTninisters assembled themselves in Zion s Church,\\non Twelve-mile Creek, after due notice had been\\ngiven, and united themselves from that day into\\na ministerial society. The constitution proposed\\nby Rev. Mr. Wallberg was laid before the meet-\\ning and adopted, and Frederick Daser was chosen\\nSenior of the ministry, and appointed the second\\nSunday of January, 1788, as the day on which\\nthey would again meet at the same place, to take\\ninto consideration the various petitions signed by\\ndifferent German Protestant congregations, and\\nfurther to regulate the affairs of their society. In\\nconfirmation whereof the ministers signed their\\nnames.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 301\\nFriederich Daser, Christiau Theus, John George\\nBamberg, M. Carl Biunicher, Friedericli August\\nWallberg, Friederich Joseph Wallern, Carl Fried-\\nericli Froelich.\\nActum, January 8th, 1788. The undersigned\\nministers assembled as members of the Minis-\\nterium in Zion s Church, on Twelve-mile Creek.\\nFred. Aug. Wallberg was unanimously elected\\nSecretar}^ and all the Evangelical Lutheran min-\\nisters were sworn on the Symbolical Books. The\\nsubscription of the petition for incorporation of\\nthe different congregations was laid before the\\nMinisterium. Bethel Church and the new congre-\\ngation of St. Martin s wished to have more time\\nfor consideration of the subject.\\nResolved, That the President should inform the\\nmembers by a circular of the time of our next\\nsession.\\nSigned by Revs. Daser, Wallberg, Bamberg,\\nFroelich, and Theus.\\nActum, January 9th, 1788. Rev. Messrs. Wall-\\nberg and Bambei-g moved that the subscriptions\\nof Bethel Church and of the new St. Martin s\\nChurch should be added to the subscriptions of\\nthe other churches, and laid before the General\\nAssembly of this State, which motion was approved\\nand accepted by Rev. Senior Daser.\\nAs it had been mentioned the preceding day\\nthat Mr. Bamberg had for some time performed\\necclesiastical duties, and had received a call as\\nminister fiom several congregations, and as it was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "302 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nknown to the Ministerium that he had studied\\ntheology but had never been ordained, and as he\\nhad petitioned for an examination and ordination,\\nit was\\nResolved, That the Rev. President and Secretary\\nexamine Mr. Bamberg this day; and he, the said\\nBamberg, being approved of in said examination,\\nwas this day ordained in Zion s Church, in the\\npresence of a numerous audience and his church\\nofficers.\\nFredh. Aug. Wallberg,\\nSecretary.\\nActum, Sandy Run, August 12th, 1788. Revs.\\nMessrs. Senior Baser, Theus, Bamberg, and Wall-\\nberg assembled in Salem Church at Sandy Run,\\nwith the deputies of the respective congregations.\\nIt was\\nResolved, That Bethlehem Church should hence-\\nforth be known under the name of The German\\nReformed Church at Fust s Ford.\\nThe act of incorporation passed by the General\\nAssembly of this State was read; and the Church\\nregulations or discipline proposed by President\\nBaser was likewise read and adopted in its nine-\\nteen articles, signed and sealed.\\nResolved, To hold the next session in Zion s\\nChurch, January 14th, 1789.\\nActum., January 19th, 1789. Revs. President\\nBaser, Theus, Bamberg, Wallern, and Secretary\\nWallberg met in Zion s Church.\\nAfter prayer and sermon, the conference was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 303\\nopened. The Churcli regulations, as adopted,\\nsigned, and sealed, were read once more without\\nopposition.\\nNext session is to be held in Salem Church,\\nSandy Run, on the second Wednesday in the\\nmonth of August. Pastor Wallern was appointed\\nto preach on said occasion.\\nRev. Senior Daser was again unanimously\\nchosen President, and Wallberg, Secretary.\\nGeorge Hook was appointed President of the lay\\nmembers of the Directory.\\nNotice of the Translator. The records of the suc-\\nceeding sessions of the Directory are partly torn,\\nand partly so badly written that it is impossible\\nto arrange them in any kind of order.\\nThe Directory seems to have met as late as the\\nyear 1794; at least, so far the records go which I\\nhave seen.\\nSigned, Ernest L. Hazelius,\\nPrincipal of the Theological Seminary, Lexington, S. C.\\nThe seven German ministers of the Gospel who\\nformed this Corpus Evangelicum were located as\\nfollows:\\nRev. Frederick Baser, A.M., at St. Matthew s\\nChurch, Orangeburg District, South Carolina.\\nHe was a Lutheran minister.\\nBev. Christian Theus, on the west side of the\\nCongaree River, eight miles below Columbia,\\nSouth Carolina. He was a German Reformed\\nminister.\\nHeo. John George Bamberg labored until 1798 in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "304 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nLexington District, South Carolina, and was pas-\\ntor of Zion s Church, as the records of that church\\nindicate, when he resigned and located himself in\\nBarnwell District, South Carolina, where he re-\\nmained to the close of his life. He was a Lutheran\\nminister, and died during the year 1800.\\nRev. Frederick August Wallberg labored among\\nthe churches in Lexington District before Bam-\\nberg s time of service, probably about the time\\nthe Corpus Evangelicum was organized. He was\\na Lutheran minister, and is supposed to have lived\\nin the Fork of the Saluda and Broad liivers to the\\nclose of his life.\\nRev. Carl Frlederich Froelich, according to J. C.\\nHope s statement, was a German Reformed min-\\nister, but where he lived and labored is not known.\\nRev. Frederick Joseph Wallern was the pastor of\\nthe churches in Newberry District, South Caro-\\nlina. He was a Lutheran minister, and died about\\nthe year 1816.\\nRev. M. CarlBiiiuicher, according to J. C. Hope s\\nstatement, was a Lutheran minister, but where he\\nlabored is not positively known. It is presumed,\\nhowever, that he was the pastor of the Hard Labor\\nCreek congregation, Abbeville District, South\\nCarolina, and probably also served the church on\\nSIi{)pery Creek, Ninety-six District.\\nFrom the constitution and i)roceedings of this\\nCorpus Evangelicum we learn many interesting\\nfacts, namely\\n1. That the Lutheran ministers in South Caro-\\nlina at that time held the Symbolical Books of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 805\\nLutheran Clmrcli in very high esteem, the records\\nsay: All the Evangelical Lutheran ministers\\nAvere sworn upon the S^ymbolieal Books; tliat is,\\nthey were sworn to teach and preach its doctrines.\\n2. They were likewise churchly in conducting\\npublic worship, c., as is manifested by their ob-\\nservance of all the festivals of theLutheran Church,\\ncatechetical instruction, confirmation, and opposi-\\ntion to the inroads made upon the Church by the\\nsurrounding sects.\\n3. They still adhered to the ancient custom of\\nwearing the gown, botli in public and private,\\nin the discharge of all the duties of the ministerial\\nofiice.\\n4. They were very strict in the enforcement of\\ndiscipline, both among the ministers and lay mem-\\nbers; and made provision for the su[)port of the\\npoor in their midst.\\n5. Parochial schools likewise claimed the atten-\\ntion of this body; and the keeping of church rec-\\nords was made the duty both of the pastor and sec-\\nretary of each congregation.\\nSection 5. The act of incorporation of the fifteen Ger-\\nman churches in the interior of South Carolina.\\nNo. 1414. An Act for Incorporating divers Religious\\nSocieties therein named.\\nWhereas^ by the constitution of this State, passed\\nthe nineteenth day of March, one thousand seven\\nhundred and seventy-eight, it is declared that all\\ndenominations, of Christian Protestants in this\\n20", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "306 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nState sliall enjoy equal religions and civil privi-\\nleges; and that whenever lit teen or more male\\npersons, not under twentj -one years of age, pro-\\nfessing the Christian Protestant religion, agree to\\nunite themselves in a society for the purpose of\\nreligious worship, they shall (on complying with\\nthe terms thereinafter mentioned), be constituted\\na church, and be esteemed and regarded in law,\\nas of the established religion of this State, and on\\npetition to the legislature shall be entitled to be\\nincorporated and to equal privileges; and that\\nevery society of Christians so formed shall give\\nthemselves a name or denomination by which they\\nshall be called or known in law.\\nAnd whereas, the name of Hopewell, in the\\nLong Cane settlement, in the county of Abbeville\\nand State aforesaid; and the Presbyterian congre-\\ngation or society of Christian Protestants of\\nIndian Town, in Georgetown District; and\\nalso the several cono-reo^ations and societies of\\nChristian Protestants, styling themselves by the\\ngeneral appellation of The Ecclesiastical Union\\nof the several German Protestant congregations in\\nthe back part of the State of South Carolina and\\nby the particular names of\\nThe Fredcrician Churcli, on Cattel s Creek;\\nThe German Calvinistic Church of St. John, on the Four-\\nhole;\\nThe German Lutheran Church of St. Matthew, in Amelia\\nTown. ^hip\\nThe German Lutheran Church of Salem, on Sandy Run\\nThe German Lutheran Church of Mt. Zion, on Twelve-mile\\nCreek", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 807\\nThe German Lutheran Church of Bethel, on High Hill\\nCteekj\\nThe German Lutheran Church of St. teter, on Eighteen-\\nmile Creek\\nThe Germati Lutheran Church of St. Martin\\nThe German Lutheran Church of Bethlehem, on Forest s\\n(Fust s) Ford;\\nThe German Protestant Church of Bethany, on Green Creek;\\nThe German Protestant Church of Appii Forum, Cedar\\nCreek;\\nThe German Protestant Church dedicated to Queen Charlotte,\\non Slippery Creek\\nThe German Lutheran Church of St. George, on Hard Labor\\nCreek\\nThe German Lutheran Church of St. Jacob, on Wateree\\nCreek\\nThe German Protestant Church of St. George, on Indian\\nField Swamp\\nLave petitioned the legislature of this State, pray-\\ning to be incorporated, and setting forth that they\\nhave severally complied with the terms required\\nby the constitution as preparatory thereunto, and\\nthe allegations in the said petitions apipearing to\\nbe true.\\nI. Be it therefore enacted^ by the honorable, the\\nSenate and the House of Representatives, now met\\nand sitting in General Assembly, and by the au-\\nthority of the same, That the several and respec-\\ntive societies hereinbefore mentioned, and the sev-\\neral persons who now are, or shall hereafter\\nbecome members of the said societies, respectively,\\nand their successors, officers, and members of each\\nof the said societies, shall be, and they are hereby\\ndeclared, respectively, to be a body corporate, in\\nlaw, in deed, and in name, by the respective names", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "308 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nand stj les of: (Here follows a repetition of the\\nnames of all the churches above-mentioned.) And\\nby tiieir said respective names shall, severally,\\nLave perpetual succession of officers and members,\\nand a common seal, with power to change, alter,\\nbreak, and make new the same, as often as they,\\nthe said corporations, shall severally judge expe-\\ndient; and each and every of the said corporations\\nrespectively are hereby- vested witli all the powers,\\nprivileges, and advantages which are specified and\\nexpressed in the Act for incorporating divers\\nreligious societies therein named, passed the\\ntwenty-sixth day of March, one thousand seven\\nhundred and eighty-four.\\nII. A?id be it further enacted, by the authority\\naforesaid, That this act shall be deemed and taken\\nas a public act, and notice shall be taken thereof\\nin all courts of justice and elsewhere in this State;\\nand the same may be given in evidence on the\\ntrial of any issue or cause, without being specially\\npleaded.\\nIn the Senate, Friday, the twenty-ninth of Feb-\\nruary, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven\\nhundred and eighty-eight, and in the twelfth year\\nof the independence of the United States of\\nAmerica.\\nJohn Lloyd,\\nPresident of the Senate.\\nJohn Julius Pringle,\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives.\\n1. The question now arises Were there any other\\nGerman churches in South Carolina besides these", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 309\\nfifteen, ineorporuted by the above act of the legis-\\nlature, and the Lutheran Church in Charleston\\nWith the single exception of the German Re-\\nformed St. John s Church on the Congaree River,\\nof which Rev. Theus was the pastor at one time,\\nthere is no knowledge of any other German Church\\nin the State at that time; but why it w^as not\\nincorporated, or what had become of it, is not\\nknown. It has now long since ceased to exist.\\n2. Of these fifteen German Churches nine were\\nLutheran; seven of these Lutheran Churches are,\\nin existence at the present day, the other two are,\\nSt. Martin s, of which no record can be found in\\nany of the minutes of Lutheran synods; and St.\\nGeorge s Church on Hard Labor Creek, Abbeville\\nDistrict, wdiich had alreadj- ceased to exist in 1811,\\naccording to the missionary report of Rev. R. J.\\nMiller.\\n3. The other six churches are: (a.) The Freder-\\nician Church on Cattel s Creek, which was located\\nin Orangeburg District. According to Drs. Jamie-\\nson s and Shecut s statement in the Appendix of\\nRamsay s History of South Carolina, this chui-ch\\nwas erected in 1778, and named after Andrew\\nFrederick, who was its principal founder; it is\\ncalled by them a Presbyterian Church, but this is\\nan error; it was doubtless a German Reformed\\nChurch. It has long since ceased to exist.\\n(b.) The German Calvinistic Church of St. John,\\non the Fourhole Creek, was also located in Orange-\\nburg District, which lias likewise ceased to exist.\\nThere are four Lutheran Churches now in that", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "310 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\npart of Orangeburg County: St. Matthew s, Mt.\\nLebanon, Pine Grove, and Trinity, which have,\\ndoubtless, absorbed the principal part of the de-\\nscendants of these two German Reformed Cliurehes,\\nwhilst others have connected themselves with other\\ndenominations.\\n(c.) The German Protestant Church of Bethany\\non Green Creek cannot be located by the writer,\\nnor are any traces of it to be found at the present\\ntime; if, as is supjjosed, it was located in Newberry\\n^District, its material must have been absorbed by\\nthe Lutheran Church or other denominations.\\n[d.) The German Protestant Church of Appii\\nForum, on Cedar Creek, was located in Kichland\\nDistrict, near the Fairlield line. Its history has\\nalready been given. The congregation and its\\nhouse of worship are long since no more, and the\\nmaterial has been absorbed in the Methodist\\nChurch.\\n(e.) The German Protestant Church, dedicated\\nto Queen Chai lotte, on Siijipery Creek, Ninety-six\\nDistrict, had its location either in Abbeville or\\nEdgefield Distri ;t, which comprise part of the\\nterritory of what Avas then known as Ninety-six\\nDistrict. This church has likewise long since\\npassed out of existence.\\nThe German Protestant Church of St.\\nGeorge, on Indian Field Swamp, was located in\\nBarnwell District, fifty miles from Charleston, is\\nknown no more under that name. There are two\\nLutheran Churches in that vicinitj^ at the present\\ntime, ia/1 2^", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 311\\n4. If these fifteen German Churches comprised\\nthe entire Gerniiin element in the interior of South\\nCarolina in the year 1788, then, as a matter of\\ncourse, all other Lutheran Churches, not mentioned\\nin this act of incorporation, must have been organ-\\nized at a subsequent period. This fact will enable\\nany future writer on the subject to unravel their\\nhistory the more readily.\\nSection 6. Arrival of Revs. Bernhardt, Storch and\\nRoschen in North Carolina, A.D. 1787 and 1788.\\nIn the year 1787 Rev. Nussmann s heart was\\ngladdened in being permitted to welcome another\\nlaborer into the mission field of the Lutheran\\nCluirch in North Carolina. This was the Rev.\\nChristian Eberhard Bernhardt, a native of Stutt-\\ngard, in the kingdom of Wiirtemberg. He was\\nordained in his native country-, and came to Amer-\\nica in the year 1786. He landed at Savannah, and\\nthen proceeded to Ebenezer, Georgia, where he\\nremained twelve mouths. In 1787 he went to\\nRowan County, N. C, and labored among the\\nchurches there one year, doubtless in that part of\\nthe county east of the Yadkin River, now known\\nas Davidson County. In 1788 he took charge of\\nthe congregations in Stokes and Forsy the Counties,\\nwhich had been organized and frequently visited\\nby Rev. Nussmann here Rev. Bernhardt was\\nmarried, but the records do not mention the name\\nof his wife. One year later he removed to Guil-\\nford County, where he remained to the close of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "312 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe year 1800, when he accepted the call to be-\\ncome the pastor of Zioii s and several other Lu-\\ntheran churches in Lexington District, S. C. This\\naccount has been furnished by his daughter-in-\\nlaw, the widow of the late Rev. David Bernhardt.\\nLi September, 1788, Rev. Nussmann, the faith-\\nful pioneer and father of the Lutheran Church in\\nISTorth Carolina, was permitted to grasp the hand\\nof another brother in the ministry, who was sent to\\nhis assistance by the Ilelmstaedt Mission Society,\\nnamely the Rev. Carl August Gottlieb Storch,\\nwhose early history is best described by himself\\nin his manuscript journal, an extract of which has\\nbeen translated and published in the Evangelical\\nReview, vol. viii, pp. 398-404. However, we will\\nlet Rev. Storch speak for himself, simply giving\\nhis remarks an English translation.\\nI, Carl August Gottlieb Storch, was born in\\nHelmstaedt, Duchy of Brunswick, June 16th,\\n1764; my father s name was George Friederich\\nStorch, a native of the city of Danneberg and mer-\\nchant in Ilelmstaedt: ray mother s name was You\\nAsseburg. In the 3 ear 1779 I was confirmed by\\nRev. Abbot* Velthusen, after which I went three\\nyears to the high school of Ilelmstaedt, when I\\nwas declared by the Director, Professor Winde-\\nburg, fitted to enter the University, and in the\\nyear 1782, 1 became a student of the University of\\nIlelmstaedt. Having devoted myself three years\\nto theological sciences, I was recommended in\\nThe word Abbut is the title of an office.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 313\\n1785 by Rev. Abbot Velthusen to the tutorship of\\na 3^ouno^ nobleman, Von Hodenberg, who resided\\nwith Major Von Scheither in Gisthorn, where I\\nremained only one year, because the 3 oung noble-\\nman, Von Hodenberg, was elected to the position\\nof page in Hanover; whereupon I became the\\nteacher of Mr. Friese s children, a merchant of\\nFresenhede, near Bremen. Having remained\\nthere two years, I received the call and order from\\nRev. Abbot Velthusen to go as a pastor to North\\nCarolina, whereupon I was examined and ordained\\nto the ministry, and journeyed in May, 1788, from\\nGermany, and arrived in America about the end\\nof June of the same year. God be praised that\\nhe has thus far wonderfully and paternally led me,\\nand safely preserved me in the midst of dangers.\\nI selected my first residence in Salisbury, and\\ncommenced to board with Lewis Beard on the 8tli\\noflTovember, 1788.\\nOn another page of his journal. Rev. Storch\\nmakes the following record April 16th, 1788.\\nI left Fresenhede and journeyed to ISTorth Caro-\\nlina, in North America. The cause of my making\\nthis distant and dangerous journey was as follows\\nRev. Adolph Nussmann, who was sent as a min-\\nister from Germany to North Carolina in the year\\n1773, and who is still living, greatly desired Rev.\\nAbbot Velthusen to send him several assistant\\nministers, when Rev. Velthusen selected and per-\\nsuaded me to undertake this journey. Upon the\\nducal consent and command I was examined by\\nthe five Helinstaedt professors, and ordained as a\\n27", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "314 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nminister for l^ortli Carolina by Abbot Yelthusen.\\nAll the expenses of my journey were paid, and,\\nupon request, I received the written assurance\\nfrom my ruler of the land, that, if I should return\\nafter a few years, I should still receive ray promo-\\ntion. Under those circumstances, and in reliance\\nupon God, I went to sea on the 4th of May, 1788,\\nand arrived safely in America, landing in Balti-\\nmore on the 27th of June of the same year. The\\nwhole journey lasted seven weeks and five days.\\nIn Baltimore I met with a kind and friendly re-\\nception, and after having enjoyed a delightful stay\\nof six weeks in that city, I journeyed by water to\\nCharleston in six days. In Charleston I remained\\nfourteen daj s, purchased a horse for eleven pounds\\nsterling, and rode to Rev. jSTussmann s residence,\\nmakino; a circuit of about 300 Eno^lish miles, and\\narrived there at the beginning of the month of\\nSeptember, 1788. Rev. Nussmann serves a con-\\ngregation at Buffalo Creek. After having re-\\ncruited myself, we made arrangements with the\\ncongregations that desired to have me as their\\npastor. Three congregations elected and called\\nme, namely the one in Salisbury, where I first\\ntook up my residence; the second, named Organ\\nChurch, on Second Creek, ten miles from Salis-\\nbury; and the third. Pine Church, which, how-\\never, I had to resign, and now only serve two con-\\ngregations, Salisbury and Organ Church, which\\nhave promised me in writing \u00c2\u00a380 North Carolina\\ncurrency, paper money the funeral sermons and\\nmarriages are paid extra, usually with one dollar.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 315\\nI commenced m}^ ministry on the twenty-third\\nSunday after Trinity, and at Salisburj^ the Sunday\\nfollowing. On the 7th of January, 1789, I com-\\nmenced to preach in the Irish settlement once\\nevery month, for which I am promised \u00c2\u00a313 or \u00c2\u00a314\\nNorth Carolina currency.\\nThe high esteem in which Rev. Storch was held\\nin his native country can best be seen from the\\naccount given by Rev. Dr. Velthusen, in one of\\nthe Helmstaedt Reports, of the ordination and\\nsubsequent departure of Rev. Storch to North\\nCarolina. Dr. Velthusen says:\\nOn the 12th day of March, 1788, the candi-\\ndate, Carl August Gottlieb Storch, was ordained,\\nunder the highest ducal patronage, to the gospel\\nministry as an assistant preacher for North Caro-\\nlina. The ordination address has been published\\nunder the title, Address and Prayer at the Con-\\nsecration of Mr. Carl A. G. Storch as an Evan-\\ngelical Assistant Preacher for North Carolina, c.\\nOne and a half sheets, to be had at the book-store\\nof our publications.\\nHe has been sent away with the most gracious\\nassurances and best wishes of his Fatherland, that\\nshould he, in the lapse of several years, have good\\noccasion to return to the same, after having faith-\\nfully discharged his official duties among our\\nbrethren in the faith in that country, he may find\\nan open situation as teacher in his Fatherland.\\nHe was born in Helmstaedt, and was educated\\nunder our immediate auspices. During the years\\nwhich he spent as tutor, we received repeated us-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "316 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsurances of his capacity and fidelity as a teacher\\nfrom those who had opportunity to observe hira\\ndaily, and had also heard him preach, where he\\nis still held in gracious remembrance. In addi-\\ntion to that, at an appointed examination, con-\\nducted in the strictest manner, we have found\\nhim well prepared and fitted for iiis office, and\\nthe public evidences of his capacity for preaching\\nand catechizing which he has rendered have given\\ncause of universal satisfaction. The family in\\nwhich he last served as tutor were verj- unwilling\\nto part with him; and after having taken his de-\\nparture from us on his Avay to America, he re-\\nturned to this friendly familj in order that he\\nmight be in the vicinity of Bremen, and await\\nthe sailing of the vessel which is to take him to\\nBaltimore. It will now wholly depend on the\\naffectionate reception which our brethren in the\\nfaith in America, and the citizens generallj espe-\\ncially in North Carolina, will bestow upon him,\\nin what manner we shall hereafter aid them in\\ntheir necessary church affairs.\\nA few months after the arrival of Rev. Storch\\ncame the llev. Arnold Roschen, wdio was likewise\\nsent to North Carolina by the Helmstaedt Mission\\nSociety. He was a native of the city of Bremen,\\neducated by the Rev. Pastor Nicolai, of that city\\nthat is, as is supposed, under his auspices; and,\\non the eve of his departure to America, married a\\nlady of Bremen, doubtless with the view that he\\nmight become permanently settled, and be con-\\ntented in his new home.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 317\\nAll these facts are gathered from the Helm-\\nstaeclt Reports, in which there is found also a\\npuhlished letter, wliich Rev. Roschen wrote to\\nhis friend and preceptor, Rev. Nicolai, givino; him\\nan account of his journe}- to America, kind and\\nhospitable reception at Charleston, and safe ar-\\nrival in his Held of labor in that part of Rowan\\nCounty, now known as Davidson County. Rev.\\nRoschen writes as follows:\\nNorth Carolina, Rowan County, near Abbot s Creek in\\nthe midst of the forests of North America, sixty-six\\nmiles from the Blue Ridge Mountains, eighteen miles\\nfrom Salem from April 29th to June 21st, 1789.\\nOur journey was a fortunate one, although it\\nlasted twelve weeks from shore to shore. With\\nthe exception of two heavy showers in the Chan-\\nnel, which soon passed over, we did not have a\\nsingle storm upon our long journey by sea; on\\nthe contrary, the weather was as good as our\\nfriends wished for us at our departure. True,\\nsea-sickness did often and long inconvenience us,\\nbut not in such a manner, as that we have to com-\\nplain greatly concerning it. The want of good\\nwater and of necessary refreshments was the hard-\\nest to bear. After the New World came to our\\nview a joy which cannot be described with words\\nthe wind became very unpropitious to us. The\\ngreat number of vessels that were gathered around\\nns made the crossing along the coast very danger-\\nous; and here we would have been lost without\\nhope, when we thought that we had overcome all\\ndifficulties, had not Rrovidence miraculously saved", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "318 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nUS. After a few days we arrived safely over the\\nbar a sand-bank winch incloses the ship-channel,\\nand in which there are but three openings where\\na vessel can enter, but which do not permit an\\nentrance without the aid of a pilot. Here a new\\nand glorious prospect awaited us. Life and com-\\nmotion, a coming together and crossing of so\\nmany kinds of vessels, on all sides the loud and\\nresounding song of the sailors, a lovely day, the\\nview of Charleston, the islands that lay around\\nus, the trees which had not yet shed their foliage,\\nthe negroes and their apparel, the language in\\nshort, everything that we saw here, and particu-\\nlarly the long-wished-for termination of our jour-\\nney by sea awakened within us impressions and\\nfeelings which we had never experienced before.\\nOn the same evening, November 28th, 1788, we\\nwere already brought to shore, and entered into\\nthe house of a German but we did not remain\\nthere long. The merchant, Mr. Gabel (a native\\nof Bremen, who had also kindly entertained our\\nStorch, and had in various ways offered his hand\\nto our (mission) institute, says Dr. Velthusen),\\nheard that same evening of our arrival, sent a\\nfriend to us with reproaches, that we had passed\\nthe house of our countryman, and desired us to\\nmove into his dwelling immediately, if we wished\\nto be regarded as his friends, lie offered us sev-\\neral rooms, received us in a noble manner, and\\nspoke to us very obligingly. At the same time\\nhe commanded his negroes to look upon us as\\ntheir masters, so that we wanted for nothing.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 319\\nI foaiid an upright friend in Rev. Mr. Faber,\\nthe German minister, who treated me, during the\\nten weeks that we had to remain here, in such a\\nmanner, as any one could have desired under the\\ncircumstances. He besought me to conduct Divine\\nservice with him, and to preach whenever it would\\nbe agreeable to me. In this manner I preached\\nhere about five times. Upon the whole, I must\\nacknowledge that all the Germans endeavored to\\nmake the place, which is in itself a very charm-\\ning one, as agreeable to us as possible, although\\nthe obligations became very costly to us; for every-\\nthing, even the smallest article, is very dear here,\\nso much so that I and my wife could live very\\nwell in my native city on the amount that has to\\nbe expended here for extras.\\nAt length the wagons, sent by our congrega-\\ntions, came for my things, and horses for us to\\nride for everj^ person rides here and we two\\nbegan our journey of 300 North Carolina miles\\non horseback, which was at first very fatiguing.\\nIt was very hard for me to leave Charleston; I\\nhad many opportunities there of becoming profit-\\nably associated, and I found at times very noble\\nfriends, whose magnanimity astonished me. At\\nthe first moment of my stay there, I was delighted\\nat the banishment of all ceremonies, which among\\nus are regarded so sacredly. Besides that, we\\nheard such dreadful reports of the people where\\nmy congregations are situated, which, however,\\nGod be praised! arose from the fact, that in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "820 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCharleston the citizens are as badly informed as\\nin Germany concerning this country.\\nWe were accompanied several miles on our\\njourney by our friends our way then went through\\na great part of South to JSTorth Carolina. This\\noverland journey lasted fourteen days, and was\\nvery wearisome, as may be readily supposed.\\nSometimes we slept at night at a plantation, where\\nwe were friendly received and kindly treated; at\\nother times we lodged with a new settler, where\\nseven or eight people rested in the same room be-\\nside us, among whom, at times, were sick and\\ndying persons, and our repose became very un-\\npleasant; then again we slept under a tree and\\nsometimes under a wagon and in the rain nev-\\nertheless, we had generally very pleasant weather.\\nWe passed through three American towns,\\nwhich, on account of the small number of houses,\\nwould scarcely be considered by us as villages.\\nAmong these was Camden, which is very hand-\\nsomely built, containing about thirty houses, and\\nis distant about 150 miles from Charleston, where\\nwe lodged for the night with a German from\\nHamburg, named Schlitt, whose brother lives in\\nCharleston and is in good circumstances.\\nAt length we arrived in Salisbury, where\\nPastor Storch resides, whom I especially esteem\\nand love as a friend, and who rendered me very\\nimportant services, where we were as kindly re-\\nceived as we could have expected. Upon the first\\nintelligence of our arrival, the deacons of one of\\nthe nearest of my congregations, together with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 321\\nsome wealtliy planters residing there, came to the\\ntown to welcome us. The people here know noth-\\ning of compliments, but express their opinions\\nin a manner that indicates good thinking facul-\\nties. They informed us that we would not iind a\\ndwelling-house as jet prepared for us, because,\\nupon consultation, it was thought best to wait\\nuntil my arrival, so that I could myself direct the\\nbuilding of the same. And now the whole train\\nmoved along, increased by Pastor Storch s accom-\\npanying us, until we came to the place appointed\\nfor me, situated on Abbot s Creek, a small stream\\nthat empties itself about twelve miles distant into\\nthe Yadkin River. A deacon of my central con-\\ngregation took us to his home, where we remained\\nseveral months, until we moved to our own plan-\\ntation of two hundred acres of land, which w^e\\nhave purchased advantageously, assisted by sev-\\neral upright planters of this place; we were ad-\\nvised to take this step by Pastor Nussmann, who\\ncame to meet us in Salisbury, in which advice\\nRev. Storch also joined.\\nAs soon as we arrived, the deacons out of three\\ncouirreo-ations came and visited us. A fourth con-\\ngregatiou, which is now almost the largest, also\\nplaced itself under my ministry. So now I am\\nthe pastor of four churches. The people from all\\nparts of the country brought us abundantly ilour,\\ncorn, hams, sausages, dried fruit, chickens, tur-\\nkeys, geese, c., so much so, that there has been\\nscarcely any necessity to spend one farthing for\\nour housekeeping up to this time.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "322 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nAccording to these statements, it may be seen\\nthat the Lord of the vineyard had now five laborers\\nin the Lutheran Church in North Carolina, namely,\\nRevs. ITassmann, Arndt, Bernhardt, Storch, and\\nRoschen, and they were workmen that needed\\nnot to be ashamed, for they were all talented\\nmen, and filled with the spirit of their Master;\\nbesides, they were men of the most profound\\nlearning; even Arndt had received an excellent\\neducation, although he came to this country iu\\nthe capacity of a school teacher, and all had been\\nbrought up in the most refined societ} and might\\nhave been an acquisition and an honor to any col-\\nlege or university in the land; but because they\\nwere Germans, and sp)oke a foreign language,\\nlittle was ever known of them by the general in-\\nhabitants of the State; however, they were so\\nmuch the better known, and the more highly\\nesteemed by the people among whom they lived,\\nand for whose spiritual welfare they labored.\\nSection 7. The Helmstaedt Mission Society Letters\\nfrom Revs. Nussmami, Storch, and JRoschen,\\npublished in the Helmstaedt Meports, indicating\\nthe condition of the Lutheran Church in North\\nCarolina during the years 1788 and. 1789.\\nThe Lutheran Church is at present tolerably\\nfamiliar with the titles of two extensive German\\npublications, denominated The Halle Reports\\nand The Urlsperger Reports; however, it is\\nnot generally known that a similar work, although", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 323\\nnot SO extensive, and therefore, perhaps, more\\nreadable, entitled The Helmstaedt Reports, to\\nwhich frequent allusion has been made, had like-\\nwise been published for the purpose of imparting\\ninformation to European readers, concerning the\\nstate of some of our Lutheran mission stations in\\nAmerica.\\nThe missionary spirit in the Lutheran Church\\nwas engendered more than two centuries ago, and\\nsoon after the close of the Thirty Years War.\\nVarious mission societies have been formed in\\nEurope, under a variety of appellations, but all\\nhaving the same object in view, that of spreading\\nthe knowledge and benefits of the Christian reli-\\ngion in foreign lands. The different mission fields\\nappear to have been properly- apportioned and\\nselected by the numerous societies over all Prot-\\nestant Europe.\\nAmong the various fields of labor of our pious\\nGerman forefathers, America was not forgotten,\\nand the Lutheran Church in Europe was foremost\\nin the ranks in her eftbrts to provide for the spir-\\nitual welfare of her people on this continent and\\nits adjacent islands. Not only were faithful and\\nself-sacrificing missionaries sent, their salaries\\npaid them by charitable donations of Christians in\\nthe Fatherland, but also churches, school-houses,\\nand sometimes orphan asylums were both erected\\nand supported by these munificent contributions.\\nBooks of worship and devotion, as well as of edu-\\ncation and instruction, were sent gratuitously in\\ngreat numbers to our forefathers in America.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "324 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIn point of time the Swedish Delaware-River\\nMission was the first enterprise of this kind; its\\nobject was the planting of the Lutheran Church\\nsystematically and firmly in America, not men-\\ntioning the Danish Lutheran mission in Green-\\nland, and the difterent missions on some of the\\nislands along the Atlantic coast of America.\\nNext in order was the Ebenezer Mission in\\nGeorgia, with which we are tolerably familiar, and\\nthe extensive minute reports of its missionaries,\\nwhich were sent to the parent society in Augsburg,\\nand cover about six thousand quarto pages of\\nprinted matter, were all published by the Rev.\\nDr. Urlsperger, and thus originated The Urls-\\nperger Reports.\\nThen the University and Orphan House at Halle,\\ninstitutions founded by the celebrated August\\nHerrmann Francke, sent missionaries to another\\nvacant field farther north, which claimed their\\nattention, and the Rev. H. M. Muhlenberg, D.D.\\nand others were sent to Pennsylvania, who like-\\nwise transmitted the reports of their labors to the\\nparent Mission Societ} and which were all pub-\\nlished under the title of The Halle or The\\nPennsylvania Reports.\\nHowever, l)etween Pennsylvania and Georgia\\nthere was a large tcri itory still unoccupied, and,\\nat a later period, the Professors of the Julius\\nCharles University, in the city of Helnistaedt,\\nDuchy of Brunswick, became interested in this\\nfield, midway between the two American missions\\nestablished by Halle and Augsburg, and on this", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 325\\nwise was ISTorth Carolina selected and regarded as\\na hopeful locality for still farther missionary opera-\\ntions, and the Rev. John Caspar Yelthusen, D.D.,\\nProfessor of Theology in the above-mentioned\\nuniversitj with his associates, sent missionaries,\\nupon the earnest call of Rev. Nussraann, to labor\\namong the Germans in North Carolina, The re-\\nports which these missionaries sent to the parent\\nsociety in Helmstaedt, were also published, and\\nwere denominated The Helmstaedt or North\\nCarolina Reports, which, until recently, were no\\nlonger known to exist.\\nFrom an article in one of these published re-\\nports, we are informed that up to the present\\ntime (March 13th, 1788), the net proceeds of dona-\\ntions and funds advanced upon the publication of\\nour (their) seven advertised books of instruction,\\namount already to 1238 rix-dollars, 13 groschen,\\nand 8 pfennigs. This was the beginning of a\\ntreasury for the welfare of the North Carolina\\nmission field; in other of the reports, acknowl-\\nedgments of additional donations, and the names\\nof the donors occur. Dr. Velthusen goes on to\\nstate\\nFor nearly a year past it appeared that we would\\nnot be able to carry out our purpose in so short a\\ntime, namely, the sending of well-qualified preach-\\ners to North Carolina. (Here follows what has\\nbeen stated already in another section.) Our\\nspirits were likewise revived by the statement of\\nseveral other trustworthy friends, who had been\\nin Virginia, as well as to the borders of North", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "326 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina, and \u00e2\u0096\u00a0who were unanimous in praising\\nthe Christian willingness of our evangelical breth-\\nren in the faith in that country to provide liber-\\nally for those preachers sent to them, so that they\\nneed want for nothing, provided they were in any\\nway worthy of their confidence.\\nIn the following pages of this narrative Dr. Velt-\\nhusen mentions the names and acts of kindness of\\nseveral friends of the mission enterprise who re-\\nsided in New York, Baltimore and Virginia; be-\\nsides, the delay of the publication of several works\\nfor the benefit of the mission, occasioned by the\\ncall and removal of Prof. Kliigel to Halle; the\\nnames and character of the works intended for\\npublication the delay of the publication of a geo-\\ngraphical work until the reception of more recent\\ninformation from Charleston list of donors to the\\nmission cause in which the Professors had em-\\nbarked, c. the whole of which is dated and\\nsigned by them as follows:\\nHelmstaedt, at the Ducal Brunswick-Llineburg\\nJulius-Charles University, March 13th, 1788.\\nJ. C. Velthusen, Professor of Theology, and\\nAbbot.\\nH. P. C. Hencke, Professor of Theology, and\\nAbbot.\\nL. Crell, Professor of Medical Science and\\nPhilosophical Mineralogy and Mining.\\nG. S. Kliigel, Professor of Philosophy and\\nMathematics.\\nP. J. Bruns, Professor of the History of Phil-\\nosophy and Literature.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 327\\nA Letter from Rev. A. Nussmann to Rev. Dr.\\nVelthiisen.\\nNorth Carolina, Mecklenburg County,\\nBuffalo Creek, November 12th, 1788.\\nHonorable Abbot, my best Friend:\\nThe indications of Providence develop them-\\nselves more and more visibly in this religious\\nwork, so that God s finger is made manifest here\\nin the work for the welfare of his people. In\\nCharleston a warm interest is taken in our affairs.\\nRev. Mr. Faber is an active man. Rev. Storch s\\nsickness gave me much uneasiness and sorrow, for\\nI love him on account of his learning, virtue, spirit\\nand friendship, which had already commenced in\\nGermany. All persons who see and hear him,\\nlove and honor him. But even in this respect has\\nGod helped us, Rev. Storch is again restored\\nand may God preserve his health in future, so that\\nwhether I live or die, my expectations concerning\\nhim may be realized.\\nA change has taken place concerning his call to\\nthe congregation in Guilford County; Providence\\nhas directed otherwise. Storch felt at that time\\nso feeble, that he believed himself to be unable to\\nmake the long journey on horseback, which was\\nnecessary to reach his field of labor. Besides, he\\nwould have then been one hundred miles distant\\nfrom rae, and in a wilderness where no messen-\\nger can be obtained. These difUculties were at\\nonce removed by God. A call was extended to him\\nfrom three vacant congregations, Salisbury, Pine\\nChurch and Second Creek, with the written as-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "328 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsurance of a salary of \u00c2\u00a3110, and in a few days after-\\nwards \u00c2\u00a314 more from a congregation seven miles\\ndistant from Salisbury, which he will have to\\nserve during the week-day. These congregations,\\nthrough their deacons, promised to pay the freight\\non his things, which will be about two Spanish dol-\\nlars for every 100 pounds, but they could not pay\\nhis traveling expenses from Baltimore to Charles-\\nton. It is a hard matter to take everything out of\\nthe pocket of a private man, in a country where the\\ncongregation have as yet nothing of their own.\\nA book printing establishment would be of the\\ngreatest benefit to religion, and which could read-\\nily obtain assistance here, if we only had the type.\\nThe capital necessary for such an establishment\\ncould not ou]y be kept up, but also improved, for\\nthere is no German printing office from Georgia\\nto Maryland, and not even a good English one in\\nJS orth Carolina. If we only had one, then we\\ncould suit ourselves to circumstances, and print\\nthose publications immediately, which are the\\nmost necessary the transportation from Germany\\nis so slow, and the want in a new country so\\nurgent, that one dare not wait long to meet this\\nwant.\\nAn organ is also necessary, as it must be our\\nchief concern to reinstate church music. In the\\nlast sixteen years I have had an oversight of several\\nhundred square miles, partly by personal visits\\nand partly tiirough reliable intelligence, and I have\\nfound that in proportion to the music, which the\\npeople were able to conduct, congregations spring", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 329\\nnp, increase, flourisli, decay, fall into ruin. An im-\\nprovement, therefore, must be made; lifty copies\\nof an excellent singing-book, judiciously scattered\\nin schools and families, would soon secure its adop-\\ntion as a school and family singing-book; after-\\nwards it would come into general use throuo;li\\nthe country.\\nThe 370 rix-doUars should, according to the in-\\ntent of the donors, be a permanent investment for\\nthe benefit of religion, principally in the congre-\\ngations from Rocky River to Salisbury. This would\\nbe satisfactory to all, and would re-establish and\\npreserve peace and quietude. God, who has so often\\nand visibl} aided us in these matters, and brought\\nforth great results out of small tilings; who has\\nalwaj^s arranged matters differently to what I had\\nimagined, but always better than my expectations,\\nwill also help here, and through his wisdom direct\\neverything in such a manner, so that the four phi-\\nlanthropists, your assistants, in connection with\\nall those upright persons wdio have aided the good\\ncause, may experience joy in their work.\\nI am, c..\\nYour most devoted friend,\\nAdolph Nussmann.\\nReport of Rev. C. A. G. Siorch, dated May 28th,\\n1789.\\nThis report was sent to the Helmstaedt Mission\\nSociety, from which Dr. Velthusen makes the fol-\\nlowing extracts.\\nRev. Storch, as well as Rev. Roschen, are both\\n28", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "330 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsiitistied in the midst of their concrreo^ations. Rev.\\nS. mentions, that of his three congregations, Organ\\nChurch, on Second Creek, is the strongest, and\\nconsists of eighty-seven families. lie praises the\\npeople, who treat him with love and respect, and\\nsupply him with the necessaries of life. (Here\\nthe salary, c., is again stated, much the same as\\nin JSTussmann s report.) His congregation is\\nbuilding a house for him, and have offered him a\\nloan for the purpose of purcliasing a plantation,\\nwithout which one cannot succeed there. He still\\nlives in Salisbury, where an academj^ has been es-\\ntablished, in which there are some students, who\\nreceive instruction in Hebrew from him. In ad-\\ndition to that duty, he has also established a small\\nGerman school, so that the youth may accustom\\nthemselves to a purer German language. He ex-\\npects to confirm about fifty children next harvest\\nseason. He says that Rev. Roschen is likewise\\ntreated with love and respect; that he has four\\ncongregations, and receives from them about \u00c2\u00a3100,\\ncurrent paper money; that he resides about cigli-\\nteen miles from him, on the other side of a broad\\nriver; has ah eady purchased a [jjantation, and is\\naccuston)ing himself well to the cTunate and mode\\nof living in that country.\\nlicport of Ilcv. A)ii.old liosvJicn.\\nIn my middle congregation I have confirmed\\ntwenty-four persons; in the congregation situated\\ntowards the Yadkin River I confirmed twelve.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAEOLINA, 831\\nand ill the otliers I have this duty yet before me.\\n(Here follows a lengthy description of the cn3-\\ntomary funeral ceremonies.) Marriages are here\\nperformed in two modes; the one, according to\\nthe rules of the Church, requires to be announced\\nthree times; the other is managed as follows:\\nThe groom gets a certilicate from Salisbury, rides,\\naccompanied by his friends, with his bride to the\\nminister, or, if there is none in the place, to the\\nmagistrate, where the marriage takes place. The\\nfirst questions of the minister are, Whether he\\nhas taken his bride without her parents knowl-\\nedge this occurs frequently -and. Whether the\\nparents have given their consent? If any one has\\nstolen his bride, and has a license from Salisbury,\\nthen the objections of the parents avail nothing.\\nUpon the whole, in this free country, a son, when-\\never he has arrived at his tw^enty-first year, and a\\ndaughter, as soon as she is eighteen years old, is\\nno longer under the parents control. Persons\\ngenerally marry very young, because they need\\nnot be much concerned for the future. He that\\nwill work, can soon have a plantation and poor\\npeople are not to be met here at all, A person\\ncan often meet with families that have thirteen to\\nfourteen children, nearly all living. I myself am\\nacquainted with a planter here, who has had a\\nfamily of twenty-three children, born of one\\nmother, and who, with the exception of two, are\\nall living and well.\\nMy catechumens, whom I have instructed\\nthree days in every week for seven weeks, con-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "332 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsist partly of married persons, some of them as\\nold as thirty years, and young persons from six-\\nteen to twenty years of age. Among other things,\\nI advise them not to intermarry with persons of\\notlier nationalities, because such mixed marriages\\nare generally unhappy, and sometimes occasion\\nmurder and homicide, and because the English in\\nthese regions belong to no religious denomina-\\ntion, and do not permit their children to be bap-\\ntized, nor send them to school.\\nRev. Storch and I recently passed by the\\ncourt-house in Salisbury, at the moment when a\\nman w^as standing in the pillorj-. A German\\ncalled to us to stop awhile, and see how the\\nAmericans punish rogues and thieves. Upon my\\nasking him, The criminal is certainly not a Ger-\\nman? I received the literally true reply, Jlever\\nhas a German stood in the [lillory in Salisbury;\\nnor has ever a German been hung in this place.\\nMost persons are well satisfied with their plan-\\ntations in this country. I recently visited a member\\nof my congregation, and inquired of him how he\\nwas getting along. To which he replied, Were\\nwe to complain, God would have to punish us.\\nWe have need of nothing, and possess a large\\nsurplus above our wants. We are enjoying good\\nhealth, and everything is in good order on our\\nplantations; and since we are possessed of such an\\nabundance so soon after the war, we must cer-\\ntainly become wealthy if God continues to give\\nus peace.\\nSo far as my situation as planter is concerned.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 333\\nI can say notbing else than that I am very fortu-\\nnate and happy, and it would cost nie a great\\nstruggle on this account, as well as that I am be-\\nloved and respected as pastor by ray congregation,\\nto exchange my present location with any other.\\nI pray God, that he would not separate Storch and\\nmyself, for he is now also beginning to feel satis-\\nfied. Not long ago, when I had service in my\\nupper congregation, I was surrounded by the\\nelders and deacons, who besought me never to\\nleave them. A certain Colonel declared, that he\\nwould never again be connected with the church,\\nif I were to move away. I can assure you that I\\nwill not abandon these congregations so easily as\\npersons in Germany doubtless imagine. We min-\\nisters are treated with a respect, which is shown\\nto no other person. There is no diiference in\\nrank acknowledged here, and yet no one has ever\\nspoken with me, who did not hold his hat in\\nhis hand. I must say the same of Storch; he is\\ntreated with such love and respect by his congre-\\ngations, as few ministers in Germany are treated.\\nAt first Storch, in his hypochondria, looked\\nupon all things in a false light; besides, his ar-\\nrival in America was unpropitious (that is, he\\nwas laid upon a bed of sickness soon after his\\narrival in North Carolina); now he speaks differ-\\nently. Nussmann, who is a good and upright\\nman, lives upon his plantation in very moderate\\ncircumstances. Arndt, formerly a catechet, now\\na preacher, possesses two tine plantations, is\\nwealthy, and- edifies his people by his life and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "334 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nconduct. We all preach in black clothes and\\ncollar, but mostly without a gown, and oftentimes\\nin our overcoat, during bad weather in winter.\\nI endeavor to make the Divine service as im-\\npressive as possible, and suitable to the occasion,\\nbut as simple as I can. I dare not make my dis-\\ncourse shorter than three-quarters of an hour, be-\\ncause there are members, wlio have to ride eighteen\\nmiles to church, and in each church there is ser-\\nvice only once every four weeks. Baptisms take\\nplace after the sermon, and in the presence of the\\nwhole congregation. Whenever the communion\\nis administered on Sunday, the preparatory ser-\\nvice takes place on Friday or Saturday preceding.\\nJSTothing is known here of private confession.\\nThis interesting report of Rev. Roschen is quite\\nlengthy, and has been somewhat abridged, because\\nit alludes to customs that would require a lengthy\\nexplanation, before they would be properly under-\\nstood by the general reader, and because some\\nthings are reported of his own personal affairs,\\nwhich would not be interesting to any one at the\\npresent time.\\nRev. Dr. Velthusen yet adds, that a letter had\\narrived from Mr. Gabel in Charleston, South Car-\\nolina, fourteen days ago, corroborating the above\\nchurch intelligence. Mr. Gabel, who is on a visit\\nto Bremen, writes, that he had left Xussmanii\\nW cU and hearty in Charleston (doubtless Rev.\\nNussmann was on a visit there at the time); that\\nStorch has no inclination to return to Germany, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 335\\nassures ns that Roschen is well satisfied, and that\\nhe will have good profit in a few years from the\\ntract of land which he pui chased there. Mr.\\nGabel likewise states, that in his journey through\\nGeorgia he met with the pastor at Ebenezer, Rev.\\nMr. Bergmann, and found him in a situation in\\nwhich he may be well satisfied.\\nSection 8. Further Intelligence from St. John s cmd\\nOrgan Churches and a Ministericd Assembly\\nin North Carolina called to Ordain the Rev.\\nBobert Johnson Miller.\\nExtract from the old German (St. John s)\\nChurch-book. January 16th, 1790, the church\\ncouncil held a meeting, when the following mem-\\nbers were present: Paul Barringer, Peter Quill-\\nmann, George Meissenheimer, Daniel Jarrett,\\nMatthew Meyer, Nicholas Reitenhauer, Jacob\\nFegert, Andreas Stanch, Ulrich Diirr, Jacob Bast,\\nand the pastor, Adolph JSTussmann. Paul Bar-\\nringer, Sr., was chosen chairman of the council.\\nThe object of the meeting was to promote a\\ngreater degree of union and true sincerity in\\nmatters of religion, both in schools and churches.\\nIt was resolved, that the doors of the church\\nshall no longer be closed before the commence-\\nment of the Lord s day services; but as soon as\\none-half of the congregation shall have been as-\\nsembled, the doors shall then be opened, and at\\nten o clock the services of the sanctuary shall\\ncommence; and those persons who shall be guilty", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "336 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof making disturbance durino; worsliip shall be\\nreported to the magistrate. The services shall\\nalso commence in future without any further call-\\ning in of those persons who remain outside.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved., That at the celebration of the Lord s\\nSupper, alms shall be gathered at the doors. The\\nmembers of the congregation are furthermore re-\\nquested to celebrate their marriages in the church,\\nat wljich time of rejoicing they and their benevo-\\nlent guests are desired to contribute alms to the\\nchurch, and to lay their mites upon the altar, as\\nis customary in many places in our Evangelical\\nChurch.\\nMesolved, That whenever slanderous reports are\\ncirculated, which might cause dissensions in the\\nchurch, they shall be made known to our Presi-\\ndent, Paul Barringer, who shall investigate the\\nmatter, and shall decide in such a way, as shah\\nbest promote the interests of true religion and the\\nchurch.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That persons bringing their children\\nto the church to be baptized, must make the fact\\nknown befoi e service, name the sponsors, the day\\nof the child s birth, the names of the parents, so\\nthat it may be recorded in the cliurch-book.\\nPastor Storcli commenced his labors at Organ\\nChurch, October 26th, 1788; and in Salisbury on\\nthe Sunday following, November 2d, being the\\n23d and 24th Sundays after Trinity. A very con-\\ncise constitution was introduced and adopted on the\\nfollowing New Year s Day, 1789, whi h, however,\\ncontains nothing of special interest to the general", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "IN XORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 337\\nreader, except that it indicates how much onr fore-\\nfathers felt and labored for the order, discipline\\nand consequent welfare of their congregations.\\nOrgan Church alone promised their pastor an\\nannual salary of \u00c2\u00a340, North Carolina curren(;y,\\nand the number of those members, who subscribed\\nthis amount, and undersigned the new constitu-\\ntion, amounted to seventy-eight persons.\\nIn the year 1791, the present massive and, as\\nwas then considered, large and commodious stone\\nchurch was erected, having large galleries on each\\nside, except where the pulpit stands; and an organ,\\nexcellent in its day, built by one of the members,\\nMr. Steigerwalt, was placed in the centre of the\\nlong gallery, and opposite the pulpit. The pulpit,\\nas a matter of course, was goblet-shaped, with a\\nsounding-board overhead, and has but recently\\nbeen removed when the church was repaired.\\nThose time-honored relics are fast passing away\\nby the encroachments of our novelty-seeking age.\\nThe first English Lutheran preacher in North\\nCarolina w^as the Rev. Robert Johnson Miller,\\nwho was a Scotchman by birth, a native of Bal-\\ndovia, Angusshire, near Dundee, born July 11th,\\n1758, the third son of George and Margaret Miller.\\nHis parents designed him to study for the min-\\nistry, and for this purpose sent him to the Dundee\\nclassical school. After he had completed his edu-\\ncation there, and before he entered the ministry,\\nhe migrated to America, and arrived in Charles-\\ntown, Massachusetts, A.D. 1774. Ilis brother, an\\nEast and West India merchant of that place, had\\n29", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "338 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ninvited him from Scotland to reside witli liim,\\nAvith whom he labored as an assistant in his busi-\\nness for some time.\\nIt now hapi)ened that his adopted conntrj be-\\ncame involved in the Revolntionary struggle, when\\nhe at once declared himself a friend of libert}-, and\\nas soon as General Greene passed through Boston\\nwith his army, young Miller enlisted as a Revo-\\nlutionary soldier. He was engaged in the battles\\nof Long Island, where he received a flesh wound\\nin the face, of Brandy wine. White Plains, and the\\nsiege of Valley Forge; but God preserved his life\\nin all these engagements, as he had a more glori-\\nous work in store for him. With the iirmy he\\ntraveled to the South, where he remained after\\npeace was declared and the army disbanded.\\nHe now remembered his duty to God, his for-\\nmer vows, and his preparation for the ministry,\\nand applied for license to preach the Gospel in con-\\nnection with the Methodist Episcopal Church, as\\nthe minutes of the Methodist Conference plaiidy\\nindicate; and thus authorized, he commenced\\npreaching in the western counties of N^orth Caro-\\nlina, traveling often one hundred miles to meet\\nhis appointments.\\nAlthough licensed to preach by the Methodist\\nEpiscopal Conference, yet not having the authority\\nto administer the sacraments, his people of White\\nHaven Church, in Lincoln County, sent a petition\\nto the Lutheran pastors of Cabarrus and Rowan\\nCounties, with high recommendations, praying\\nthat he might be ordained by them, which was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 339\\naccordingly clone at St. John s Church, Cabarrus\\nCounty, on the 20tli of May, 1794. The ordina-\\ntion certiiicate is still extant, although much muti-\\nlated, and inasmuch as it contains some interesting\\nhistorical facts, it is here inserted:\\nTo ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, GREETING:\\nWhereas, A great number of Christian people\\nin Lincoln County have formed themselves into a\\nsociety by the name of White Haven Church, and\\nalso having formed a vestry: We, the subscribers,\\nhaving been urged by the pressing call from the\\nsaid Church to ordain a minister for the good of\\ntheir children, and for the enjoyment of ye gospel\\nordinances among them, from us, the ministers of\\nthe Lutheran Church in North Carolina, have sol-\\nemnly ordained, (here much of the certificate is\\ntorn away and lost) according to ye infallible\\nword of God, administer ye sacraments, and to\\nhave ye care of souls he alwaj^s being obliged to\\nobey ye Rules, ordinances and customs of ye\\nChristian Society, called ye Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch in America. Given under our hands and\\nseals, ISTorth Carolina, Cabarrus County, May 20th,\\n1794.\\nSigned by Adolphus Nussmann, Senior, Jo-\\nhann Gottfriedt Arendt, Arnold Roschen, Chris-\\ntopher Bernhardt, and Charles Storch.\\nOn the reverse side of this certificate the Lu-\\ntheran ministers gave their reasons why they had\\nordained a man who was attached to the Episcopal\\nChurch as a minister of that denomination.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "340 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nAs all the Lutheran ministers were present at\\nthe ordination of Rev. R. J. Miller, there must\\nhave heen a synodical or conferential meeting of\\nsome kind held at that time, as such actus minis-\\nleriaks are performed generally on those occasii)n3.\\nThis conclusion is substantiated by the fact that\\nMiller went to St. John s Church with the view to\\nbe examined and ordained, in accordance with the\\npetition of his congregation; and Rev. Nussmann s\\nname is signed to the certificate of ordination as\\nSe7nor,an office honorably conferred by such a body\\nat that time. It is, therefore, but reasonable to\\nconclude that the first ecclesiastical assembly of the\\nLutheran Church in North Carolina was held in\\nSt. John s Church, Cabarrus County, in the month\\nof May, 1794, and that the first minister ordained\\nby that Lutheran Ministerium was the Rev. R. J.\\nMiller.\\nSection 9. Death of Revs. Nussmann and Martin\\nBesignation of Rev. John Charles Fahei Re-\\nmoval of Rev. Bernhardt to South Carolina\\nReturn of Rev. Roschen to German^/ Arrival\\nof Revs. Baul and Bhilip Henkel.\\nRev. Nussmann s labors in North Carolina ex-\\ntended over a period of more than twenty years,\\nremaining faithfully at his post until God called\\nhim to his rest. He was the pioneer minister of\\nthe Lutheran Church in the State, and commenced\\nhis labors among his people in the days of their\\ncolonial hardships and trials; he had been with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 341\\ntliem through all the devastating influences of a\\nmost sanguinary war; he had seen them rise again\\nto comparative comfort and prosperity under the\\nnew government; he had ministered to them in all\\ncircumstances of life, and had himself experienced\\nmany trials and afHictions through which he was\\ncalled to pass. All denominations of Christians,\\ntliat had ever heard of him, mention his name with\\nhonor and praise. Caruther s Life of Rev. David\\nCaldwell, D.D., a Presbyterian work, speaks of\\nISTussmann as having labored faithfully in pov-\\nerty and privations. Dr. Velthusen, in the Ilelm-\\nstaedt Reports, says: The intelligence which I\\nhave received from strangers concerning Nuss-\\nmann, of which there is not the slightest intima-\\ntion to be found in his own letters, informs us, that\\nhis faithfulness in his ministerial oflice is so great,\\nthat he places liis temporal welfare and the care\\nof his children s worldly prosperity too far in the\\nbackground, and is more earnestl} concerned for\\nthe building up of the Church, than for the success\\nof his planting interests.\\nDuring his ministry he had suffered many pri-\\nvations, as he had never received an adequate sup-\\nport for himself and family; and during the Revo-\\nlutionary War, he was often in despair of his life\\non account of his liberal principles. At one time\\nhe was obliged to secrete himself in the tall under-\\ngrowth along the banks of a small stream near his\\nhouse, in order to escape the fury of the Tories,\\nwho had prowled about destroying vakiable lives,\\nand robbing persons of their property and daily", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "342 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbread. The Helnistaedt Mission Society sent liim\\na selection of valuable books for his library, and\\nother publications to be disposed of for his benefit,\\nbut it is doubtful whether he realized much from\\nthe sale of them. It is known, that some of these\\nbooks were donated by him to indigent persons.\\nAn anecdote is related of him by Christopher\\nMelchor, Esq., that on one occasion, when he re-\\nceived but one dollar for a marriage fee, and some\\nperson remarked, that the sum was rather a small\\none, he good-humoredly remarked: It is small\\nif the wife proves to be a good one, but if other-\\nwise, it is sufficientlj^ large.\\nShortly after Rev. Nussraann came to this coun-\\ntry, he was united in marriage to Barbara Layrle,\\na daughter of Christopher Layrle, one of the depu-\\nties sent to Germany to bring pastors and teachers\\nto North Carolina; with her he lived in blissful\\nliarmony, and was the father of several sons and\\ndaughters, none of whom are now living; but his\\ngrandchildren and descendants to the fifth gen-\\neration are still to be met with in Central North\\nCarolina, respected by all who are acquainted\\nwith them.\\nPastor Nussmann had for some time been af-\\nflicted with a cancer on his neck, and it became\\nevident that it would terminate in his death, yet he\\nbore his afiliction meekly and with Christian forti-\\ntude, when on the 3d of November, 1794, his\\nfamily and friends were called to witness the de-\\nparture of a faithful husband, lather and pastor.\\nIt was a severe loss to his congregation he was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 343\\ntheir first pastor, and had labored long and faith-\\nfully for them and how they would now be sup-\\nplied with the means of grace, was a question not\\neasily answered. His memory is still cherished\\nby the members of St. John s Church, who have\\nplaced a new marble tombstone at the head of his\\ngrave; the former one, an ancient-looking blue\\nstone slab, upon which time had done its work, is\\nnow safely and sacredly deposited in St. John s\\nChurch, and still bears the following German in-\\nscription: Christusist mein Leben, Sterben ist\\nraein Gewinn. Das Andenken der Gerechten\\nbleibet im Segen. Hier ruhen die Gebeine des\\ntreuen Predigers, Adolph ISTussmann, in Deutsch-\\nland geboren, im August, 1739, gestorben den 3ten\\nNovember, 1794 For me to live is Christ, to\\ndie is gain. The memory of the righteous is\\nblessed. Here repose the remains of the faithful\\npreacher, Adolphus JSTussraann, born in Germany,\\nAugust, 1739, died ]N ovember 3d, 1794. He was\\naged 55 years, 3 months, and some days.\\nBesides having labored in Cabarrus County, he\\nalso performed missionary duty in several German\\nsettlements in the northern part of Korth Carolina,\\nas before stated. The following record is taken\\nfrom the minutes of the Korth Carolina Synod of\\n1831: The Rev. Mr. Nussmann, weak as he was,\\nestablished twocongregationsin Surry, now Stokes\\nCounty, and instructed and confirmed old and\\nyoung; these churches have not yet died out.\\nMore could not be said to his praise than, that he\\nlived the life of a pious and useful Christian, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "344 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndied ill the triumphs of that Gospel, which he\\nfaithfully preached.\\nA few mouths after Nussmann s death, God\\ncalled another and once active laborer in the Lu-\\ntheran Church in the Carolinas to his rest; this\\nwas the Rev. John Nicholas Martin, who had be-\\ncome aged and iniirm, and was no longer able to\\nperform an}^ active duties of the gospel ministry,\\nbut who still took a deep interest in the welfare of\\nthe Church. He was born at Zweibriicken\\n(Deux-Ponts), in Rhenish Bavaria, and emigrated\\nto North America about the middle of the eigh-\\nteenth century. He was then a married man with\\nseveral children. The colony, after some delay,\\nsettled in Anson County, near South Carolina.\\nFrom this point Rev. Martin, with the larger por-\\ntion of his congregation, removed to a district be-\\ntween the Broad and Saluda Rivers, but labored\\nmostly in Charleston, as pastor of St. John s\\nChurch, where he finally made his permanent\\nliome on a farm located about a mile from the city;\\nthere he closed his honored and useful life, July\\n27th, 1795. His descendants are numerous, the\\nmost of whom are still attached to the Lutheran\\nChurch, and are devoted members of the same.\\nIn the year 1800, the Lutheran Cliurch in Char-\\nleston became vacant by the resignation of Rev.\\nJohn Charles Faber, on account of the failure of\\nhis health. According to Ramsay s History of\\nSouth Carolina, vol. ii,p. 23, reprinted edition. Rev.\\nFaber s successor was Rev. Matthew Frederic, but\\nno such name occurs in any of the records of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 345\\nChnrcli now accessible, and it is exceedingly\\ndoubtful wbetber Dr. Ramsay s statement is cor-\\nrect. The statement of the vestry of that churcb,\\nmade a few ^-ears ago, and extracted from the old\\ncburcb-book, is as follows: Rev. Mr. Pogson\\nofficiated on Sundays for a short time, and on bis\\nretiring, Mr. Faber consented to serve the church\\nas far as bis strength would allow. No other\\nminister s name is mentioned until Mr. Faber s\\nsuccessor, the younger Faber, is introduced in the\\nnarrative as the regular pastor. The vacancy con-\\ntinued five years.\\nAt the close of the year 1800, Rev. C. E. Bern-\\nhardt received and accepted the call as pastor of\\nthe Saluda charge, in Lexington District, South\\nCarolina, to which place he removed with his\\nfamily from Guilford County, North Carolina; by\\nthis removal another vacancy was created in the\\nLutheran Church of that State. But this was not\\nthe only charge which suffered in this manner;\\nthe Rev. Arnold Roscben, who was, at first, so well\\nsatisfied with his field of labor, and bad no other\\nthought buttbat of continuing there the remainder\\nof bis life, now changed bis mind, when his heart\\nyearned for bis Fatherland, and be returned to\\nGermany about the year 1800; however, his place\\nwas soon occupied by the arrival of Rev. Paul\\nHenkel, whose name occurs in the Ilalle Reports\\nas a catecbet laboring in Virginia, but who was\\nafterwards ordained by the Miuisterium of Penn-\\nsylvania.\\nIn the year 1801, the Rev. Philip Ilenkel, a son", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "346 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof Rev. Paul Ileiikel, came to North Carolina, and\\ntook chai-ge of tlie Guilford pastorate, made vacant\\nby the removal of Rev. Bernhardt to South Caro-\\nlina. It is stated in the Helmstaedt Reports, that\\na third minister was to have been sent by Helm-\\nstaedt Mission Society to North Carolina; he is\\nspoken of as a candidate of a noble heart and\\nexcellent attainments, but for some reason or\\nother he never came to America.\\nSection 10. St. Johi s Churchy Cabarrus County^\\nN. C, after Rev. Nussmami s death Report of\\nRev. Storch to Dr. Velthusen Decline of the\\nGerman Reforined Church in South Carolina.\\nAfter the death of Pastor Nussmann, St John s\\nChurch remained vacant for two years, after which\\ntime it was supplied temporarily one year with the\\nlabors of Rev. Storch, so his journal informs us,\\nand in 1797 the Rev. Adam Nicholas Marcard, who\\nhad been laboring in tlie vicinity, at Cold Water\\nCreek, a iicwl)- organized church, became the\\npastor of St. John s Church, and labored there\\nnearly three years, and then also removed to\\nSouth Carolina. It must be said to his credit,\\nthat the records of the church during his time\\nwere neatlj- made by himself, being both ample\\nand well arranged.\\nAs no other pastor could be obtained. Rev.\\nStorch took charge of this congregation, and\\nserved it in connection with his other churches.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 347\\nHe was a faithful laborer, and iut rod need many,\\nwholesome reforms, but his health failed him,\\nand recommended that the congregation elect\\nanother pastor, when they called the Rev. John\\nHenkel, from Virginia, who accepted the call in\\n1803, and was on the point of moving to North\\nCarolina, when God called him from time to eter-\\nnity. There was now no other alternative left but\\nfor Rev. Storch to continue his labors among this\\npeople, and he remained their pastor until the year\\n1821, laboring as faithfully as his health would\\npermit.\\nThe condition of the Lutheran Church in North\\nCarolina at this time is reported in a letter of Rev.\\nStorch to Rev. Dr. Velthusen, dated Salisbury,\\nN. C, February 25th, 1803, and published in one\\nof the Doctor s works. Pastor Storch writes:\\nIt is now nearly three years that I live in very\\nsad circumstances not only have I suffered during\\nthis time from various severe attacks of sickness,\\nwhich had brought ray body near to death, but\\nlikewise from an apparently incurable disease of\\nthe eyes, which seems to baffle all medical skill,\\nand made k impossible for me either to read or\\nwrite. I am, however, quite restored from my\\nsickness of last fall, a disease similar to yellow fever,\\nand which rages in this entire vicinity with great\\nmortality. I now feel tolerably strong, and my\\neyes are somewhat better nevertheless, according\\nto the opinion of the physician, T need not expect\\nany permanent restoration of my health in this", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "348 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nclimate. However, we have an eternity before us,\\nwhere we will be always well.\\nThe present condition of this country is re-\\nmarkable, both in a political and religions aspect.\\nParty spirit is risen to a fearful height. Infidelity\\nprevails to a great extent, both among the higher\\nand l(jwer classes of society.\\nI still serve my old congregations, and I con-\\ntinue to preach the doctrines of Jesus Christ, the\\ncrucified, in simplicity, and have happily experi-\\nenced the power of his grace upon myself and\\nothers. The prevalence of infidelity, the contempt\\nof the best of all religions, its usages and servants,\\nthe increase of irreligion and crime, as remarked,\\nlia,ve occasioned me many sad hours. I^everthe-\\nless I have found consolation and courage in the\\nthought\\nSo long as Christ protects His Church,\\nMay hell its rage continue\\nand I held fast to my faith, convinced that truth\\nand religion will at last migiitily raise up their\\nhead and prevail.\\nThe congregations at the Catawba River are\\nwithout a preacher. The faithful brother, Ahrend,\\nhas become totally blind. It is a sad calamity for\\nthat good man and the churches. The Buffalo\\nCreek congregation (St. John s) is likewise unpro-\\nvided for; however, it has at present the hope of\\nobtaining the services of a brother of Paul Ilenkel,\\nthe successor of our Iloschen. Rev. Bernhardt\\nhas left his situation in Guilford, and is now serv-\\ning for the past two ^-ears several congregations", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 349\\nin South Carolina. The congregations in Guil-\\nford County are now served by a son of Rev. Paul\\nHenkel. Eev. Magister Faber has resigned his\\npastoral office in Charleston some three years ago;\\nthe congregation has extended a call to me, con-\\nnected with very ftxvorable offers but I could not\\naccept it. Mr. Faber continues to preach for them\\nas long as the congregation has no other pastor.\\nI am rejoiced that Pastor Hoschen has again been\\nappointed to a charge (in Germany), and I heartily\\nwish that, with enduring health, he may long con-\\ntinue to be useful to the Church.\\nDuringthisperiod the German Reformed Church\\nin South Carolina commenced to decline; all the\\nold ministers had departed this life, and no new\\npastors were obtained to take charge of the vacant\\nchurches. The Rev. A. Loretz, from ISTorth Caro-\\nlina, and perhaps some others, visited these con-\\ngregations about once or twice a year, preached,\\nand administered the sacraments; but as the jour-\\nney alwa3 s embraced several hundred miles, and\\nwas made with much difficulty at tliat time, these\\nvisits became less frequent from time to time,\\nuntil they ceased entirely, and the denomination\\nbecame extinct in that State; the members were\\nat length absorbed by other professions of faith, a\\nlarge proportion of which connected themselves\\nwith the Lutheran Church, particularly where the\\nhouses of worship were held jointly by Lutheran\\nand German Reformed congregations.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "350 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 11. The great religious revival of the years\\n1800 and 1801., which swept over the United\\nStates reports of Rev. Storch and Henkel con-\\ncerning it.\\nOn the subject of revivals the opinion of the\\nLutheran Church of America has been, and is still,\\ndivided, both as to whether such revivals are right\\nor wrong in themselves, and again, among those\\nwho favor these revivals, as to the proper mode of\\nconducting them.\\nThese revivals of religion, that is to say, what is\\ngenerally understood by that name, so far as the\\nLutheran Church is concerned, are purely an\\nAmerican feature, ingrafted upon a portion of the\\nLutheran Church in this country, and has nothing\\nin common with what is called Pieiisin in Ger-\\nmany.\\nAt this late period of time, and with an experi-\\nence of more than half a century, the Church can-\\nnot be regarded an uninformed stranger to this\\nnew measure; the opinion of all our ministers\\nand members is now generally coulirmed as to the\\neifects of these revivals.\\nNot desiring to discuss the merits of this re-\\nvival question at this point of the history of our\\nChurch in the Carolinas, because it would be out\\nof place in point of time, revivals not having been\\nthen introduced in our churches, it is, nevertheless,\\npeculiarly interesting to read what our forefathers\\nthought of tliem more than seventy years ago.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 351\\nwhen the great revival of 1800 and 1801 swept\\nover this entire countrj and the subject was pre-\\nsented to their minds for the first time.\\nRev. Storch writes By the side of this pesti-\\nlence (infidelity), there prevails now, for over a\\nyear, a something, I know not what to name it,\\nand I should not like to say Fanaticism. Christians\\nof every denomination assemble themselves in the\\nforest, numbering four, six and sometimes ten\\nthousand persons; they erect tents, sing, pray and\\npreach, day and night, for five, six and eight days.\\nI have been an eye-witness to scenes in such large\\nassemblies, which I cannot explain. I beheld\\nyoung and old, feeble and strong, white and black,\\nin short, people of every age, position and circum-\\nstances, as though they were struck by lightning,\\nspeechless and motionless; and, when they had\\nsomewhat recovered, they could be heard shriek-\\ning bitterly, and supplicating God for mercy and\\ngrace.\\nAfter they had thus spent three, and many\\neven more, hours, they rose up, praised God, and\\ncommenced to pray in such a manner, as they never\\nwere wont to do, exhorting sinners to come to\\nJesus, c. Many of those, who were thus exer-\\ncised, were ungodly persons before, and we can\\nnow discover a remarkable change in them. Even\\ndeists have been brought to confess Christ in this\\nway. Thus this thing continues even to this hour.\\nOpinions are various in regard to it; many,\\neven ministers, denominate it the work of the\\ndevil others again would explain it in a natural", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "352 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nway, or in accordance with some physical law;\\nwhilst others look upon it as the work of God.\\nPlease give me your opinion and explanation.\\nThis thing has occasioned me no little uneasiness.\\nIn our German cono-reo^ations nothino;; of this kind\\nhas yet been manifested. Besides that, it is not\\nknown to me that something like it has taken\\nplace in Germany; but in England and Ireland\\nthere are similar occurrences. The inclosed pub-\\nlished accounts will, therefore, not be uninterest-\\ning to you the facts are like those which I have\\nseen myself. The authors of these accounts are\\ngenerally respectable men and worthy of belief.\\nThis account of Rev. Storch, dated February\\n25th, 1803, was sent to Rev. Dr. Velthusen in Ger-\\nmany, who published it in his Maurerey und\\nChristenthum Gegeneinanderuebergestellt, vol. i,\\npp. 64-70.\\nIn the German minutes of a Virginia Conference,\\nheld in 1806, in the new Roeder s Church, in Rock-\\ningham County, Rev. Paul Henkel writes on this\\nsubject as follows\\nTowards the close of the year 1801, there oc-\\ncurred a mighty waking up of religion among the\\nEnglish people in Guilford and Orange Counties,\\nwhich caused our German people to understand\\nthe true worth of the gospel. Both the pastors\\nand their people were surprised, for it appeared\\nexceedingly strange to those, who were well ac-\\nquainted with the order of salvation, that true con-\\nversion should consist in such a way as declared\\nby these people; that true faith should originate", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 353\\nin sncli sermons, which caused such cor[)oreal con-\\nvulsions, such representations of tlie devil, death\\nand hell the fearful and awful expressions of light-\\nning, thunder, hail, lire and brimstone against\\nthe sinner deprived many of their senses, and\\nprostrated them in fainting fits.\\nAs the like proceedings were upheld and de-\\nfended by so many English preachers, and as\\nmany had declared, that by means of such work-\\nings they had received the true and reliable wit-\\nness of the pardon of their sins and of the new\\nbirth, many of us hesitated to contradict such\\nproceedings, although they were thought so con-\\ntnxvy to the docti-ines of the gospel. Many pas-\\nsages of Scripture were piointed out as opposed to\\nthese outward manifestations; but many good-\\nmeaning persons defended them as scriptural,\\nwhereupon the important question arose among\\nthem: Must we not also experience the same\\nthing in order to be saved? The people became\\nanxious and concerned, were much atfected and\\ndistressed, pressed upon their pastors to decide\\nthis matter for them, who were unwilling to do\\nthis without due consideration and the fullest as-\\nsurance.\\nThe German ministers were at first divided in\\ntheir opinions on this subject; nevertheless, it\\ndrove them to rnoris intimate communion with\\neach other in their official acts, and they had thus\\nthe opportunity to investigate this matter more\\nclosely. The Lutheran pastors (of North Caro-\\nlina) formed, themselves into a Conference (Synod),\\n30", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "354 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nin wliich they and the lay delegates transacted the\\nusual business of the Church as in other States,\\nEach pastor concluded that he would not bear the\\nname of an evangelical minister in vain; conse-\\nquently the Gospel was preached industriously and\\nearnestly.\\nThe two young pastors, Revs. Dieft enbach and\\nHenkel, were surrounded by the fire. Many as-\\nsaults were made upon them and their congrega-\\ntions. But they always stood in good understand-\\ning with each other, and unitedly taught the same\\ndoctrine, consequently their congregations were\\nedified on both sides. Better order was obtained\\namong the youth; however, the churches greatly\\nlamented that Rev. Philip Ilenkel felt constrained\\nto leave them. Rev. R. J. Miller, an English Lu-\\ntheran minister, preaches the gospel orderlj^, with\\neffect, earnestness and due consideration. He\\nwas also much assailed in his teachings by those\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0vvho sought to excite the people to these extraor-\\ndinary manifestations of body. Having been or-\\ndained by our German brethren, he stands in\\nregular connection with them, and always defends\\nthe doctrines of the Lutheran Church in a rational\\nand acceptable manner.\\nThe Rev. Dieftenbucli, alhuled to in the above\\nrei)ort, was a minister of the German Reformed\\nChurch.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 855\\nSection 12. Organization of the Evangelical Lutheran\\nSynod of North Carolina^ A.D. 1803.\\nIt is not known preciselj^ at what time the Helni-\\nstaedt Mission Soeiet} either became disbanded, or\\nceased to hibor ibf the welfare ot the mission field\\nin !N orth Carolina. In the year 1788, Professor\\nKliigel was called from the University of llelm-\\nstaedt to a [)rofessorship in the University of\\nHalle. In 171*0 we find Rev. Dr. Velthusen a\\nresident of Rostock, as Oberkirchenralh in the\\nGrand Duchy of Mecklenburg, an office similar\\nto that of superintendent or bishop; and also\\nProfessor of Theology in the same place. Dr.\\nVeltiiusen, nevertheless, continued to labor in the\\ninterest of the Lutheran Church in North Caro-\\nlina, after his removal to Rostock; but the impres-\\nsion is, that owing to these, and perhaps other\\nchanges, the llelmstaedt Mission Society ceased\\nto exist, and the Lutheran churches in the State\\nwere necessitated to struggle on unaided by the\\nparent Church in Europe. Correspondence was\\ncontinued for some time between Rev. Storch and\\nDr. Velthusen as late as 1803, which is proved by\\na published letter of Rev. Storch, and inserted in\\nthe preceding section; but the fact, that it was\\npublished in one of Dr. Velthusen s individual\\nworks, and not in a lielmstaedt Report, indicates\\nthat the Society was then no more.\\nRev. Dr. Velthusen was a most learned man\\nand a voluminous writer. He was raised to high\\npositions in the Lutheran Church in Germany.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "356 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nWe find, that oven in Home s Introduction, a\\nwork placed in tlie hands of every English theo-\\nlogical student, Dr. Velthiisen s name occurs as\\none of the authorities referred to and consulted\\nby Dr. Home.\\nThe North Carolina Lutheran ministry, having\\nnow no dependence upon which they could rely\\nother than their own efforts, and having been re-\\ninforced by a number of ministers in that lield,\\nbut chielij on account of the anxiety of inquir-\\ning souls and the distracted state of the Church,\\ncaused by the breaking out of the revival of 1801,\\nresolved to labor more unitedly and in an organ-\\nized capacity, and hence originated the North\\nCarolina Synod or Conference, for so were Sj iiods\\nthen sometimes denominated by our German min-\\nisters. This Conference or Synod stood under no\\njurisdiction of any other or higher ecclesiastical\\nbody, but had the power to exercise sole juris-\\ndiction for itself from its commencement; in\\nwhich, says Rev.- Paul Henkel in 1806, they\\nand the lay delegates transacted the usual business\\nof the Church as in other States.\\nThe Lutheran Church in North Carolina felt\\nthe necessit}^ of organizing a Synod, in order to\\nlabor for its continuance and future prosperity,\\nfor there was no Lutheran Synod in all the South-\\nern States. The Pennsylvania Sj-nod, which is\\nthe oldest Lutheran Synod in America, never ex-\\ntended its jurisdiction farther soutli than Virginia.\\nAll the Lutheran churches south of that State, had\\nbeen either under the care of a mission society in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 357\\nGermany, or stood in an independent position.\\nThe organization of the Corpus Ecclesiasticum in\\nSouth Carolina was the only previous attempt to\\nbring the German congregations under the care\\nof an organized ecclesiastical union, but had ceased\\nto exist several years before the North Carolina\\nSynod was formed. Hence the Lutheran ministry\\nin North Carolina were impressed with the neces-\\nsity and advantage of concentrated and organized\\nlabor for the welfare of the Church in a synodical\\nbody.\\nIn the address to the congregations, published\\nin the first minutes of the Nortli Carolina Synod,\\nthe following excellent thoughts occur: That\\nwhich you herewith receive for your perusal and\\ncontemplation is to show you what we, your\\nteachers and delegates in Conference assembled,\\nhave considered, resolved, and shall endeavor to\\nintroduce as rules of order for the welfare of our\\nChurch and the furtherance of true godliness. In\\nthis we have acted according, to our best under-\\nstanding. Ye yourselves will know, that it is\\nnecessary, if the Christian Church is to be per-\\npetuated, that order must be preserved both\\namong the ministers and in the congregations.\\nDear brethren, we look to you to assist us in this\\nnoble undertaking. God s w-ork calls for help;\\nthe condition of our Church and people calls for\\nhelp; the condition of thousands, both of old and\\nyoung, calls for help; and shall this call of God\\nand the cry of so man} immortal souls not be\\nheard at all, or heard in vain? We have no fear", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "358 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof it, but are assured that your heart and mind\\nwill be united with us in so praiseworthy an un-\\ndertaking, so that the instructions and quickening\\ninfluence of the Gospel may be brought to manj\\nthousands of souls, who have hitherto been neces-\\nsarily deprived of the same. Signed by Robert\\nJ. Miller, Carl Storch, Paulus Henkel, Christo-\\npher Bernhardt, Philip Henkel, Ludvvig Markert.\\nThe first session of the North Carolina Synod\\nwas held in the town of Salisbury, on Monday,\\nMay 2d, 1803. On the preceding Saturday and\\nSunday, the ministers held Divine service and ad-\\nministered the holy communion to a large assem-\\nbly in Pine (Union) Church, four miles from Sal-\\nisbury.\\nThe names of the ministers present at that first\\nSynod were: Rev. Gottfried Arndt, of Lincoln\\nCount} Rev. Robert J. Miller, of the same county\\nRev, Carl A. G. Storch, near Salisbury; Rev.\\nPaul Henkel, from Abbot s Creek, Rowan (David-\\nson) County. The^e ministers, with a number of\\nelders and deacons from most of the congrega-\\ntions as lay representatives, formed the North\\nCarolina Synod, which is the oldest Lutheran\\nSynod in the Southern States, and the third Synod\\nin America in point of time, the Pennsylvania and\\nNew York Synods having preceded it in their or-\\nganization.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 359\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nHISTORY OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE CARO-\\nLINAS CONTINUED, FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF\\nTHE NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD, A.D. 1803, TO\\nTHE FORMATION OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN GEN-\\nERAL SYNOD IN AMERICA, A.D. 1820, EMBRAC-\\nING A PERIOD OF SEVENTEEN YEARS.\\nSection 1. Condition of the Lutheran Church in\\nSouth Carolina in the year 1803.\\nWe now come to the dark period of the Luth-\\neran Church in South Carolina, a period frequently\\nspoken of and greatly lamented by the aged min-\\nisters and laymen of our Church in the presence\\nof the writer some twenty or more years ago, when\\nsuch men as Revs. Michael Ranch and George\\nHaltiwanger, Sr., were still living, whose memory\\nis yet fondly cherished in the Church.\\nAll the early pastors, who came from the Father-\\nland, were dead. Revs. Martin, Daser, Thcus,\\nHochheinier, Froelich, Bamberg, Friederichs,\\nWallberg, and others were gathered to their\\nfathers, and, with the single exception of the send-\\ning of pastors to the Lutheran Church in Charles-\\nton, no reinforcement of ministers came any longer", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "360 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfrom Germany to Soutli Carolina, and the German\\ncongregations were generally fast going to destrnc-\\ntion. Proselyting sects were only too industriously\\nengaged in gathering the scattered members of\\nour churches into their fold, and some once flour-\\nishing German congregations became irretrievably\\nlost to the Church of their fathers. The only sur-\\nvivor of the Corpus Evangelicum was the Rev.\\nFrederick Joseph Wallern in Newberry District.\\nHere and there exhorters arose in the various\\nvacant congregations, but they were men of very\\nlimited education, though zealous and active, and,\\nwith their restricted influence, they could do but\\nlittle more than preserve a spark of vitality in a\\nfew scattering churches, which were glad enough\\nto be served with such ministrations as these ex-\\nhorters could bestow upon them.\\nA brief review of the condition of the several\\npastoral charges in South Carolina will manifest\\nthe truth of the above statement, and will indicate\\nhow sad and mournful was the state of the Lu-\\ntheran Church at that time, and as far as the Ger-\\nman Reformed Church is concerned, it had then\\nalmost ceased to exist.\\nSt. John s Church in Charleston was vacant at\\nthis time; the Rev. J. C. Faber was still living,\\nbut his health had declined, and was therefore\\nnecessitated to resign his charge, merely serving\\nit as a temporary supply, and as far as his strength\\nwould allow, until some other pastor could be\\nobtained. The congregation extended a pressing\\ncall to Rev. Storch of North Carolina, which he,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 361\\nhowever, was obliged to decline, on account ofhis\\nown feeble health and the wants of the Chnrch in\\nthat State. In February, 1805, the Rev. M. T.\\nCharles Faber, a younger brother of the former\\npastor, arrived from Bremen, and became the pas-\\ntor of this church. He resigned in 1811, and soon\\nafterwards died of the yellow fever. Ministers\\nfrom other denominations were now engaged for\\na term of six months only, according to a rule of\\nthe church, and the Rev. Mr. Spieren, the Rev.\\nMr. Darnielle, the Rev. Mr. Best, the Rev. Mr.\\nHanckel, and the Rev. Mr. Mills, all ministers of\\nthe Episcopal Church, at different periods supplied\\nthe congregation. They received the same remu-\\nneration as if they had been stated ministers.\\nThe Lutheran churches in Barnwell District\\nwere likewise in a sad condition, as about this\\ntime, A.D. 1S03 or 4, their beloved and efficient\\npastor, the Rev. J. Q. Bamberg, departed this life,\\nand the} engaged the services of a certain John\\nHenry Graff, a native of Saxony, who had been\\nordained to the gospel ministry in 1800, by the\\nRev. Mr. Wallern of Newberry District. Graff\\ncontinued to work at liis trade, being a shoe-\\nmaker, to su[)port his family, and, as might be\\nexpected, accomplished very little good, except\\nthat the churches did not become entirely extinct.\\nSt. Matthew s Church or pastorate, in Orange-\\nburg District, fared very little better the Rev. J.\\nP. Franklow, who said, that he had obtained license\\nto preach and baptize from the bishop of the Epis-\\ncopal Church residing in Charleston, in the year\\n31", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "362 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n1798, but who was afterwards licensed by the\\nNorth Carolina Synod in 1812, and subsequently\\nordained by the same body at its next session,\\nserved this charge from 1799 to 1814, but whether\\nhe administered the Lord s Supper, previous to his\\nlicensure and ordination by the jSTorth Carolina\\nSynod, is not known.\\nThe Sandy Run Church had no pastor at all at\\nthis time, but was visited by Revs. Franklow and\\nBernhardt; the latter officiated there only every\\nrecurring fifth Sunday in the month, consequently\\nthis congregation enjoyed the services of a regu-\\nlarly ordained ministry only four times a year, for\\na long period of time, and had gone down to such\\nan extent, that it was necessary to reorganize the\\ncongregation on the 29th of December, 1811.\\nThe Lutheran congregations, located on both\\nsides of the Saluda River in Lexington District,\\nwere more fortunate in securing the services of a\\nsuccession of pastors. A year or so after the res-\\nignation of the Rev. J. G. Bamberg, who removed\\nto Barnwell District in 1798, the Rev. John Nicho-\\nlas Marcard, who came from St. John s Church in\\nCabarrus County, North Carolina, became the\\npastor of the Saluda charge, but he did not labor\\nlong in that portion of the Lord s vineyard;\\nwhether he died or moved away is not known.\\nAt the close of the year 1800, the Rev. C. E.\\nBernhardt, from Guilford County, North Carolina,\\nbecame the pastor of the Saluda churches, and\\nlabored there to the close of his life. He died\\nAugust 27th, 1809. He had charge of four con-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 363\\ngregations: Zioii s, Bethel, St. Peter s, and Salem\\nChurch on Hollow Creek. He was buried near\\nhis residence, about one mile distant from the\\npresent St. Michael s Church no tombstone, but\\nsome dogwood trees mark the spot, where repose\\nthe remains of this faithful servant of God. These\\nchurches have always continued in a prosperous\\nstate to the present time, one of which, Zion s, had\\nan organ to assist in the musical part of divine\\nworship, as the records indicate, which is, perhaps,\\nstill remaining in the church, but not now in use.\\nIn 1805, the organ was put in repair by a gentle-\\nman from Ninety-six District, who was paid for\\nhis services by an amount raised by subscription.\\nIn 1797, the congregation petitioned the State leg-\\nislature to grant them the privilege of establishing\\na public ferry on the Saluda liiver, for the con-\\nvenience and use of the church members on the\\nSabbath-day, when they attend divine service; and\\nfor passengers, in order to receive funds for the\\nsupport of the church in paying the minister s\\nsalary, c., as the funds were not adequate to the\\nwants of the church, for the propert} consisted\\nonly in land, and the members were too poor to\\ndefray the ordinary church expenses. In April\\n25th, 1802, a subscription was taken to complete\\nthe church, that is, to lath and plaster it, to wains-\\ncot the pews and window shutters, and to paint\\nthe outside of the church. The above is an ex-\\ntract from the church-book.\\nRev. R. J. Miller, in his missionary report, under\\ndate of November 19th, 1811, speaks very highly", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "864 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof the Saluda congregations, as follows: From\\nHollow Creek Church, called Salem, I preached\\nthrough all the German congregations in the neigh-\\nborhood until the 28th. It is a pleasure to labor\\nhere; the people love the Gospel of Jesus and his\\nservants.\\nRev. Wallern labored as pastor in ewberry\\nDistrict, and a Rev. Mr. Winckhouse, who after-\\nwards preached occasionally in the Saluda charge,\\nmade vacant by the death of Rev. C. E. Bernhardt,\\nW as also a resident of the same District; but when\\nhe commenced and ended his labors in Newberry\\nis not known to the writer. By means of the\\nlabors of Revs. Wallern and Winckhouse the l!^ew-\\nberr}^ churches were preserved from annihilation,\\nalthough Rev. Wallern was a worldly-minded man,\\nand attended industriously to his planting and\\nother worldly interests, as is still reported of him,\\nand at which the Rev. R. J. Miller hints, when he\\nsaid in his missionary report: I went to the Lu-\\ntheran minister, Wallern found him about his\\nfarming business; conversed that evening and the\\nfollowing day much with him on the state of the\\nChurch, of religion, and on other subjects, and\\nfound him a man acquainted with the world.\\nThe German congregations in Abbeville Dis-\\ntrict had a sad history at this time. St. George s\\nLutheran Church on Hard Labor Creek was also\\nvisited by Rev. R. J. Miller in his missionary tour\\nin 1811, and the following is his report concerning\\nthis church:\\nSunday, November 10th. I preached in a Ger-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 365\\nman meeting-honse on Hard Labor Creek, where\\nmy appointments were to commence; here was\\nformerly a Lutheran congregation, but no remains\\nof it are now to be found; here the Methodists and\\nBaptists have pulled each other out of the pulpit.\\nEvery person seemed very attentive; here is full\\nproof of the necessity of missionary preaching.\\nThe former Lutheran minister became a Method-\\nist.\\nThe other German congregation in this District,\\nincorporated under the title of The Charlotte\\nChurch, on Slippery Creek, Ninety-six District,\\nhas no other now known history, except that of\\nits incorporation by the State legislature.\\nWhen we consider all these facts, relating to\\nthe condition of the Lutheran Church in South\\nCarolina at that time, and gathered from the re-\\nports of the then living witnesses, we need not be\\nastonished that a number of the German congre-\\ngations in that State became entirely extinct; but\\nthe greater wonder is, that so many of those con-\\ngregations struggled on and continued to live\\nthrough that dark and trying period. The few\\ncharges that were blessed with the continued and\\nfaithful services of the Gospel ministry were pre-\\nserved in a flourishing condition, proving fully,\\nthat nothing but the faithful and proper adminis-\\ntration of the word and the sacraments can pre-\\nserve the Church, and promote its welfare.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "366 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 2. HenheVs Report on the Condition of the\\nLutheran Church in North Carolina in the year\\n1806.\\nFrom the German minutes of a Virginia Confer-\\nence, held in the New Roeder s Church, in Rock-\\ningham County, A.D. 1806, and published by the\\nRev. Paul Henkel, we gather the following inter-\\nesting account of the condition of all the Lutheran\\ncongregations in the State of !North Carolina at\\nthat time. Rev. Henkel writes:\\nAs soon as the Germans had located them-\\nselves in diiFereut parts of North Carolina, the}\\nbecame concerned about the regular administra-\\ntion of Church worship and ordinances in their\\nmidst. They soon erected houses of worship ac-\\ncording to their ability, which were generally the\\njoint property of both the Lutheran and German\\nReformed Christians.\\nIn that region, which lies partly in Orange and\\npartly in Guilford Counties, there are three Lu-\\ntheran and three Reformed churches, besides one\\nother joint-church, named Frieden s, which is\\nserved in connection with the others. Since the\\nyear 1801, Rev. Henry Dietfenbach has served the\\nReformed churches, and in the same year Rev.\\nPhilip Henkel was called to serve as Lutheran\\npastor, who remained there until 1806, Avhen he\\nacce[)ted a call to an enlarged field of labor in\\nLincoln County.\\nIn Rowan County (now Davidson) on Abbot s", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 367\\nCreek, we find tliree joint and one Lutheran\\ncharcli on the Sandhills. These were served hy\\nthe Rev. Paul Henkel from the year 1800 to 1805,\\nwhen he was necessitated to resign this charge, on\\naccount of the faihire of his own and his family s\\nhealth; he therefore introduced the Rev. Ludwig\\nMarkert as candidate preacher into these congre-\\ngations, which he was liimself compelled to leave.\\nIn the vicinity of Salisbury, Rowan County,\\nthere are three strong Lutheran congregations,\\nwhich have been served by the Rev. Charles Storch\\nfor neai ly twenty years; but under man}^ disad-\\nvantages on account of the frequent and severe\\nattacks of fever, which prostrated his energies for\\nthe last ten years, and which apparently had sev-\\neral times brought him near to the grave. His\\nnumerous official duties la} often heavy upon him\\non account of his ill-health, especially the admin-\\nistration of the Lord s Supper to two hundred and\\nfifty communicants at one time, so that his feeble\\npowers of body were always exhausted after hav-\\ning served all these people. Some twenty years\\npast, there was a tolerably strong German congre-\\ngation in Salisbury; they had erected a com-\\nfortable church for themselves, but as the Ger-\\nman people and their language were changed into\\nEnglish, the German worship soon became ex-\\ntinct.\\nNear Buffalo Creek, Cabarrus County, we find\\none of the strongest German Lutheran churches\\nin the whole State; however, since the death of\\ntheir former pastor, Rev. Adolph JSTussmann,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "368 THE LUTHERAN CHURCn\\nwhich occurred some twelve years ago, the con-\\ngregation has suffered much, as it is now served by\\nRev. Storch, who moved a little nearer to this\\ncongregation. In tlie year 1803, the Rev. John\\nHenkel had been unanimously chosen as the pastor\\nof this clKirch, and consented to serve them; he\\nmade the necessary arrangements to move his\\nfamily from Virginia, but whilst the people were\\nwaiting for the intelligence when they should send\\nfor him, they received the message that the Lord\\nhad called him to his home. This was sad news, not\\nonly to the congregation, but likewise to the re-\\nmaining ministers in the State, who lamented the\\nwant of so many faithful laborers in the Lord s\\nvineyard. The few sermons Rev. II. preached,\\nwhilst on a visit to that church, will long be re-\\nmembered. It is rejoicing to know, that this peo-\\nple are now blessed with the labors of so faithful\\na pastor.\\nAbout eighteen miles from Salisbury there is\\nanother church, which was built by the Germans\\nas a joint house of worship, but as they are so\\nmuch intermingled with English settlers, this\\nGerman congregation will also become extinct.\\nMany English residents had become members of\\ntins church. During the visits of Rev. Paul\\nIlenkcl in the fall season, from 1785 to 1789, many\\nadult and aged persons vrere baptized, instructed\\nand conlirmed, and thus a very strong congrega-\\ntion was gathered. Much experimental Christi-\\nanity was supposed to exist here; however, hope-\\nful as appearances were outwardly, they were never-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 369\\ntheless of short duration; many tore themselves\\naway from the church, and were divided into difter-\\nent singuhir persuasions. The Germans became\\ndegenerated, lead disorderly lives with these other\\nsettlers, so that at this time a perfect Babel exists;\\nfoolish pride and many vices prevail. The few\\nremaining upright souls are constrained to weep\\nin silence over this desolation.\\nIn Lincoln County there are eight or nine\\ncongregations, several of wdiich are quite large.\\nAll these have erected joint houses of worship.\\nThe Lutheran congregations w^ere served by the\\nRev. Gottfried Arndt for twenty years. Before\\nthat time he had labored in the vicinity of Salis-\\nbury, and even at that time he often traveled\\namong these churches, and performed official\\nduties, as far as his circumstances would permit.\\nHe labored faithfully in his calling over the whole\\nState, wherever he could lind German brethren.\\nFor the last four years he became unfitted for his\\ncalling, as he met witli the misfortune of losing\\nhis eyesight entirely. lie is at present quite an\\naged man, and were it not for his misfortune, he\\nmight still serve in his holy calling. The greater\\nnumber of his former congregations are now\\nserved by Rev. Philip Henkel.\\nIn Burke County there are also a number of\\nGermans, among whom, as yet, no church has\\nbeen built. Rev. Arndt preached there sevei-al\\ntimes, so also did the Rev. Paul Ilenkel, in the\\nGerman and English languages, during his visit\\nthrough that county in 1787. In May, 1804, he", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "370 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nmade another visit among tliis people in company\\nwith the German Reformed minister, Rev. Jacob\\nLaros. It was their intention to preach several\\ndays in each congregation, but in this they were\\nhindered by tlie many rains and consequent high\\nwaters, so that each of them could preach but two\\nsermons.\\nIn AVilkes County may be found a small Ger-\\nman flock in the wilderness, surrounded by human\\nbeings, who know of nothing so little as of the true\\nway of salvation, and who in their own opinions\\nare wiser than the Bible itself. These often per-\\nsecuted the members of this little flock. Rev.\\nPaul Ilenkel visited them twice whilst he was still\\nliving in North Carolina. During his last visit in\\n1805, he instructed and confirmed their youth, and\\nadministered the Lord s Supper. He informed\\nthem that he had reason to believe that the Lord\\nwas in their midst. As it concerns the spiritual\\ncondition of this church, it may be truly said that\\nhere, as elsewhere, man}^ having neglected to em-\\nbrace their opportunity, are still strangers to that\\nwork of grace, which they should experience in\\ntheir hearts; there are others again to be found,\\nwho are enlightened by something better than\\ntheir own blind reason, who seek the salvation of\\ntheir souls not in works, but in the merits of their\\nSavior, and who strive with all their hearts to be-\\ncome the followers of Jesus. In this place not so\\nmany learned and feeling sermons have been\\npreached as in other congregations, nevertheless,\\nmany became savingly acquainted with the doc-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 371\\ntrines of the gospel from their own experience.\\nThe labors of traveling ministers had awakened\\nattention to the word serious impressions deeply\\naffected their hearts, which resulted in much good,\\nand enabled many to declare the things they had\\nexperienced in their own hearts.\\nThe two German Eeformed preachers. Revs.\\nJacob Christman and Jacob Laros, who, for the\\nlast two years, had labored in the State of Ohio,\\nwere, at the time above mentioned, residing in\\nGuilford County. As soon as Rev. J. Christman\\nwas ordained, he labored in various localities and\\nperformed many journeys. He was peculiarly\\nfitted to impart private instruction in families,\\nwhich duty he performed industriously. Rev. J.\\nLaros, who did not labor so extensively, was more\\nsuccessful among children and youth in schools\\nand catechetical instruction he was always very\\nedifying in his sermons, and his exemplary walk\\nwas an ornament to his official duties. (Here fol-\\nlows the lengthy report on the revival of 1801,\\nwhich has been given in the 11th section of the\\npreceding chapter.)\\nThe Evangelical Brethren, that is, the Mora-\\nvians, have five German and one English church\\nin this State. Their pastors preach the gospel\\nwith exemplary order and propriety they are\\nalways friendly in their deportment towards all\\nother orderly pastors. Among these brethren may\\nbe found man}^ members, who are well acquainted\\nwith true godliness and experimental Christianity.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "372 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 3. Extract from the First llinutes of the\\nNorth Carolina Synod, from A.D. 1803 to 1810.\\nImmediately upon the organization of the S^niod\\nof North Carolina, a new life appears to have been\\ninfused into the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas;\\nthe various scattered congregations were now\\nbrought into a closer relationship with each other,\\na uniform church discipline was introduced with\\ngood and wholesome efiect, arrangements were\\nmade to supply all the vacant congregations with\\nthe means of grace, and the scattered members\\nwere visited by missionaries appointed by Synod,\\nwho organized new congregations wherever it was\\npracticable. However, the want of ministers of\\nthe Gospel was still very great, and in order to\\nsupply this demand, pious laymen were licensed\\nas catechets, who afterwards became candidates\\nfor the ministry; in this way originated the licen-\\nsure system, and the preparation of pious young\\nmen for the ministry by receiving private instruc-\\ntion from some of the older ministers; this arrange-\\nment afterwards received the name of the home\\nstudent system. The most urgent necessity de-\\nmanded this departure from the rule of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in the Fatherland, where an educa-\\ntion at the University was necessary, before any one\\ncould be admitted to the gospel mini ;try, and\\nwhere a candidate was ordained as soon as he had\\nreceived a call as pastor of a church, without having\\nto pass through a state of licensed probation.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 373\\nAll the Lutheran ministers residing in South\\nCarolina connected themselves with the newly or-\\nganized North Carolina Synod, with the excep-\\ntion of Rev. Faber, in Charleston, who doubtless\\ncould not attend this or any other Synod, on ac-\\ncount of the want of public conveyances at that\\ntime, and the great distance from the place where\\nthe Synod usually met; also the Rev. F. J. Wal-\\nlern, who continued to remain in an independent\\nand isolated position as long as he lived what his\\nmotives were for so doing is not stated in the re-\\nports of the Synod s missionary, who visited Rev.\\nWallern and his congregations in 1811.\\nRev. C. E. Bernhardt, who labored in Lexing-\\nton District, connected himself at once with the\\nNorth Carolina Synod, and labored in great har-\\nmony with his brethren to the close of his life.\\nRev. J. P. Franklow also attended the meetings\\nof Synod, and was licensed by that body at its\\nspring session of 1812, and ordained the same\\nyear at its fall session. Rev. Godfrey Di-elier was\\npresented to that body as a candidate for the min-\\nistry, October 23d, 1810, when he w^as licensed,\\nand was afterwards ordained in South Carolina in\\n1812, by a committee appointed by Synod for that\\npurpose. From all accounts he is still living,\\nbeing now in the sixty-second year of his ministry,\\nalthough no longer able to perform any official\\nduty.\\nRevs, Michael Ranch and J. Y. Meetze appeared\\nbefore Synod at a later date; they were both li-\\ncensed October 19th, 1812, at Lau s Church, Guil-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "374 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nford County. Rev. Ranch was ordained April\\n28th, 1819, at St. John s Church, Caharrus\\nCounty; but Rev. Meetze was not ordained until\\n1822, when by the order of Synod he received his\\nordination in South Carolina. All these Lutheran\\nministers, residing in South Carolina, continued\\ntheir connection with the North Carolina Synod\\nuntil 1824, at which time the Synod of South Caro-\\nlina was organized.\\nAt the first session of the North Carolina Synod,\\nheld in Salisbury, May 2d, 1803, very little busi-\\nness was transacted. The Synod was then simply\\norganized, and a resolution was passed, at the sug-\\ngestion of Rev. Arndt, that Rev, Paul Henkel\\nshould visit Rev. Arndt s charge in Lincoln\\nCounty the following August, in order to perform\\nthe necessary official duties, to which Rev. Arndt\\ncould not attend, owing to the loss of his eyesight\\nand his feeble health. Rev. Henkel attended to\\nthis duty.\\nThe second session of Synod was held at\\nLincolnton, N. C, October 17th, 1803, when a\\nconstitution was adopted, consisting of nine arti-\\ncles. They are much the same as are general 1}\\nadopted by all Lutheran Synods. The fourth arti-\\ncle requires candidates of the ministry to under-\\nstand the order of the Latin language, and so\\nmuch of Greek as to be able to understand the\\nNew Testament. Rev. J. G. Arndt was Presi-\\ndent, and Rev. R. J. Miller was Secretary of this\\nsynodical convention.\\nThe third session of Synod was held at Abbot s", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 375\\nCreek Church, in Davidson County, October 21st,\\n1804. Rev. Paul Henkel was elected President,\\nand Rev. Miller, Secretary. Very little business\\nwas transacted at this session of Sjnod, because\\nnearly all the ministers were unfitted for duty\\non account of sickness. It was resolved that\\na special conference be held at Pine Church,\\nRowan Countj the following April, for the pur-\\npose of ordaining Rev. Philip Henkel. John\\nMichael Rueckert and Ludwig Markert were li-\\ncensed as catechets. The next session of Synod\\nwas held at Organ Church, Rowan County, Octo-\\nber 20th, 1806. Rev. Storch was chosen Presi-\\ndent, and Rev. Bernhardt, Secretary.\\nThere appears to have been no meeting of Synod\\nduring the years 1807 and 1808, doubtless pre-\\nvented by the prevailing sickness during the fall\\nseason.\\nIn the year 1809, August 7th, the Synod was\\nconvened in Guilford County, at which meeting\\nsome additional articles were added to the consti-\\ntution. The officers of Synod were. Rev. Charles\\nA. Storch, President, and Rev. Ludwig Markert,\\nSecretary.\\nOn the 22d of October, 1810, the Synod con-\\nvened at Organ Church, at which time a consid-\\nerable amount of business was transacted. The\\nRev. C. A. Storch was re-elected President, and\\nRev. Gottlieb Schober was elected Secretary. At\\nthis meeting there were ten ministers present, and\\nthe names of the lay delegates were published for\\nthe first time. Rev. G. Schober was ordained to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "376 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe gospel ministry; he was a member of the\\nMoravian Cliurch, and continued in connection\\nwith tliat Church to the close of his life, neverthe-\\nless, he became a Lutheran minister, and was\\npastor of several Lutheran congregations in the\\nvicinity of Salem, N. C, where he resided, and\\nserved those cons-rerations durins; his life. Revs.\\nStorch, Miller and Philip Ilenkel officiated at his\\nordination.\\nOn motion of Rev. Philip Henkel, it was re-\\nsolved that, inasmuch as awakenings arise in our\\ndays by means of three days preaching, and the\\nlike is to be wished among our brethren in the\\nfaith, a trial of such preaching be made, with the\\nproviso, that three ministersof our connection hold\\ntliose meetings, to which also ministers of the\\nMoravian and Reformed Churches, whether Ger-\\nman or English, be welcomed at each of these\\nmeetings the communion is to be administered.\\nThe time was then appointed when these meetings\\nwere to be held in each pastoral charge.\\nRev. R. J. Miller was appointed as a traveling\\nmissionary for the Synod, with the power to or-\\nganize new congregations, and to take up collec-\\ntions for this object.\\nIt was also resolved, that Revs. Storch and\\nSchober prepare a pastoral letter to the various\\nchurches in connection with this Synod, and that\\nit be appended to the minutes.\\nThe candidates, Revs. Jacob Scherer and God-\\nfrey Dreher, were then licensed to the ministry,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 377\\nand the cateclieta, J. M. Rneckcrt and Jacob\\nKi ieson, had their limited hcenses renewed.\\nThe names of all the congregations belonging\\nto the Synod, with their pastors, la}- readers, elders\\nand deacons, are appended to the minutes; the\\nnames of these churches are as follows\\nRev. Storch s ixistorate Zion s or Organ Buffalo\\nCreek or St. John s; Irish Settlement, now Luther\\nChapel; Pine, now Union Crooked Creek; and\\nBear Creek, now Bethel.\\nRev. Markert^s pastorate: Pilgrim s; Beck s;\\nSchweiszguth (Swicegood), now Sandy Creek\\nLau s Frieden s Graves, now St. Paul s, Ala-\\nmance County. Rickland Church was supplied\\nby Jacob Krieson as catechet or lay reader.\\nReo. Schober s pastorate: Muddy Creek; and\\nDutchman s Creek.\\nRev. Fhllip HenkeVs pastorate: St. John s; Old\\nChurch; School-house Church Kasner s; Leba-\\nnon; Emanuel s; Hebron; and Zion s; all in Lin-\\ncoln County.\\nVarious congregations in South Carolina, which\\nconnected themselves with our Synod: Bethel\\nChurch, on High Hill Creek; St. Peter s; Zion s;\\nand a lieformed Church, of which Henry Kuhn,\\nSamuel Bockman, and Henry Scliull were the\\nelders.\\nA synodial seal was also adopted with certain\\ndevices, bearing the words Pax vobis and\\nSigil. Minist. Evang. Luth. in Carolia Sept. et\\nStat, vicin. A lengthy explanation of the de-\\n32", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "378 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nvices and a translation of the Latin words as\\nquoted above are given in the minutes.\\nThen foHows the admonitory pastoral letter as\\nadopted by the Synod, and prepared by Revs.\\nStorch and Schober.\\nSection 4. Missionary/ tours of Revs. Miller^ Frank-\\nlow and Scherer.\\nIn order that a correct knowledge miglit be ob-\\ntained concerning the condition of the scattered\\nLutheran congregations and settlements in South\\nCarolina, Virginia, Tennessee and Ohio, the\\nSynod of i^orth Carolina sent several exploring\\nmissionaries into these States, with instructions to\\npreach the gospel, administer the sacraments, and\\notherwise to encourage and build up the dispersed\\nmembers of the Lutheran Church in their most\\nholy faith. From the published reports of these\\nmissionaries most valuable information is obtained,\\naftbrding us a portraiture of the condition of the\\nLutheran Church in those States at that time.\\nThe Rev. Robert Johnson jMillor was the first\\none of tliese missionaries sent by Synod to exi)lore\\nthe field; he started upon his first tour June 18th,\\n1811, passing through Wilkes, Suriy and Stokes\\nCounties, N. C, into A^irginia. And, although\\nthe State of Virginia is not embraced in the his-\\ntory of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas,\\nnevertheless, a few extracts from Rev. Miller s\\njournal of his tour into Virginia and return through", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 879\\nTennessee may still be acceptable. Rev. Miller\\nstates; I departed from my home in Burke\\nCountj^ on tlie 18th day of June, 1811, in conli-\\ndence of the protection of God, preached twice in\\nWilkes County, as often in Surry, four times in\\nStokes, and mostly to large, serious and attentive\\ncongregations, particularly in Gerraantown. In\\nthe first forty-two miles of my journey in Virginia,\\nI found only one small Methodist meeting-house,\\nand heard of no settled minister of any denomina-\\ntion. From the 27th to the 30th I traveled through\\nmuch spiritual wilderness, where all denominations\\nlive dispersed, their youth being without any re-\\nligious instruction, and found three families whose\\nparents had been Lutherans.\\nSunday, July 2d. I met preacher Meyer with\\nliis numerous congregation, and preached to atten-\\ntive and serious people their teacher (pastor) is\\nnot appointed or ordained by the Pennsylvania\\nLutheran Ministerium, yet he administers all the\\nsacraments; I warned him and his flock against\\nsuch conduct. He informed me that he attended\\nsix congregations, each of which consisted of from\\n25 to 30 families.\\nIn New Market I preached three times to\\nlarge and serious congregations, and at my de-\\nparture Dr. Solomon Henkel, in whose house I\\nbaptized two children, and his brother Ambrose\\npresented me with 200 small English catechisms\\nto be given to the poor and ignorant, which order\\nI afterwards faithfully executed. After having\\ncrossed the Shenandoah Mountain, I met with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "380 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nMoses Ilenkel, who is a Methodist preacher, and\\na brother of our Kev. Paul Ilenkel.\\nOn the 2d of August, after having passed the\\nrough Alleghany Mountain, I found in the neigh-\\nborhood of Lewisbarg a Lutheran congregation,\\nwho are attended by the Rev. Mr. Flohr, from\\nWythe County, three times a year. Excepting a\\nsmall congregation on Jackson s Fork of James\\nliiver, there are but few Lutheran families in\\nMonroe County, and all are without Cliristian in-\\nstruction. In this whole territory, including the\\nSouth Branch of the Potomac, and the counties\\nof Pendleton, Bath, Greenbriar, Monroe, Mont-\\ngomery and Wythe, there is but one Lutheran\\nminister. Aug. 11th. I arrived at Rev. Mr. Flohr s\\nin Wythe County; he attends six congregations;\\nfurther up New River there is another numerous\\nbut divided congregation, where, minister and jus-\\ntice, Stanger resides.\\nFrom here I went by way of Abingdon into\\nSullivan County, Tennessee, where I found some\\nGerman congregations, who are attended by Rev.\\nMr. Smith before his arrival here the_y were at-\\ntended by Rev. Mr. Sink, now gone to Kentucky;\\nI preached in all congregations and in other places,\\nparticularly in Blountsville. Aug. 31st. I met with\\nRev. Smith, who has been now ordained by our\\nSynod, and found him an honest, upright man\\nboth he and his congregations were glad of the\\nopportunity to be connected with our Ministerium;\\nI visited as many of Mr. Smith s congregations as\\npossible, partly accompanied hy him, and on the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 381\\n11th of October, after having preached at Cove\\nCreek to a large and attentive congregation, I\\nseparated from Rev. Mr. Smith and the good peo-\\nple, wishing them spirit, life, fidelity and zeal, es-\\npecially in the instruction of their youth, so that\\nthe future race might not be more bewildered, and\\ndeparted on mj homeward journey, where I ar-\\nrived in safety, after an absence of three months.\\nThe next tour the Rev. Mr. Miller made into\\nthe State of South Carolina. He says in his\\njournal: The second part of my journej- I began\\non the 4th of ISTovember, 1811, and spent the iirst\\nevening about twenty-five miles from home. When\\n1 came to Rutherfordton, my appointment to\\npreach had not been made. From thence I rode,\\ncrossing Broad and Green Rivers, through a thinly\\nsettled country to Spartanburg, South Carolina.\\nSaturda} 9th, I arrived at Mr. Robert Smith s,\\non Hard Labor Creek, where my appointments\\nwere to commence, and preached on Sunday in a\\nGerman meeting-house. (This part of the jour-\\nnal is omitted, having been given on a preceding\\npage.)\\nOn the 13th I preached fourteen miles from\\nSavannah River to a serious congregation, chiefly\\nPresbyterians. Farther up on Little Saluda River,\\nwhich I passed the next day at a dangerous ford,\\nthere is a considerable number of our people,\\nwhom I did not see. Throughout this whole\\ncountry no attention is paid to the religious in-\\nstruction of youth, except among the Presby-\\nterians. In such a condition of things there can,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "382 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof course, be but very little vital religion among\\nthe people.\\nOn the 19th, after sermon in Hallow Creek\\nChurch, called Salem, I became acquainted with\\na poor man calling himself a preacher, but to all\\nappearance destitute of the spirit and temper of\\na Christian, as well as of every qualification to\\npreach. I gave him some advice, but received\\nvery little thanks. From hence I preached in all\\nthe German congregations throughout the neigh-\\nborhood until the 28th. It is a pleasure to labor\\nhere; the people love the gospel of Jesus and his\\nservants.\\nAbout forty miles south of this place, I ar-\\nrived at one of the first settled congregations in\\nall tliese quarters (St. Matthew s, Orangeburg Dis-\\ntrict); visited their teacher, Mr. Franklow; found\\nthe congregation much decayed, but it might be\\nrevived and increased if it could be supplied with\\na minister of talents and grace. They have been\\nattended for several years past by Mr. Franklow,\\nwho, as he says, had received license from the\\nBishop of the Church of England to baptize.\\nOn my return to the Saluda River I preached,\\nDecember 1st, in the oldest German church in\\nthis vicinity to a large and very serious congrega-\\ntion, and found the j)cople very desirous to place\\nthemselves under the care of our Synod.\\nOn the 4th, after having preached, I arrived\\nagain at Brother John Dreher s. This man has\\nexerted himself for some 3 ears past, in the absence\\nof a settled minister, to keep the light of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 383\\ngospel burning lie had divinely pious books\\nprinted at his own expense, spreads them for a\\nlow price among the people, and an evident bless-\\ning rests upon his exertions. On Friday, the 6th,\\nI went to the Lutheran minister, Wallern, found\\nhim about his farming business, conversed tliat\\nevening and the following day much with him on\\nthe state of the Church, of religion, and on other\\nsubjects, and found him a man acquainted with\\nthe world. Sunday, the 8th, I preached in his\\nchurch. He accompanied me also the following\\nday to a funeral, where I addressed the people on\\nthe subject of death and preparation; he preached\\nfrom Ps. 37 18. On the following da} I preached\\nto a small but, to all appearance, serious people,\\nand therewith linished my missionary tour for\\nthis year.\\nI have to observe that in the counties of Bo-\\ntetourt, Augusta and Rockingham, in Virginia,\\nan itinerant minister, qualified to preach both in\\nthe German and Englisii, would be of great bene-\\nfit, and I have no doubt that he would have great\\nsuccess in bringing back many of those, who have\\nbeen obliged to leave the Church for the want of\\na minister qualified to administer her ordinances\\nto them. The people there are much in want of\\nsuch a minister, and a circuit could be formed on\\nthat plan, that would work beneficial!} Another\\nitinerant minister, qualified as above, to travel\\nfrom Broad Biver westward near to the Savannah\\nBiver, and southward near to Charleston, would be\\nemployed equally as useful, and there is no doubt", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "384 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbut tliat the people would cheerfully contribute\\nwhat would be sufficient for a decent support.\\nOh! that the Lord would give us three or four\\nyoung ministers, endowed with grace and talents,\\nand gifted to preach in both languages, much\\ncould then be done for his Church. ^The congre-\\ngations there now are sensibly mouldering away\\nfor the want of such preachers. Among the old\\nGermans there is a standing still their youth\\nlearn and speak English; if a teacher speaks\\nGerman, it is to them like the sound of the\\nchurch-bell. But the affair is the Lord s.\\nOn my whole tour I have baptized this year\\ntwo adults and sixty children, preached sixty-seven\\ntimes, traveled three thousand miles, and received\\n$70.44 for my support, without asking for a cent\\nin any way, and arrived home in healtli and safety.\\nHonor, thanks and praise be to the Lord.\\nOn page 11 of the minutes of the North Caro-\\nlina Synod for 1812, the following record may be\\nfound: The Rev. Mr. Franklow was hereupon\\nrequested to make one or more visits in a part of\\nSouth Carolina called Saltketcher, there to in-\\nquire into the situation of the residue of our mem-\\nbers, who formerly liad a well-regulated congre-\\ngation, and re[)ort the result of his inquiries to\\nthe next Synod.\\nThis duty Rev. Franklow performed faithfully,\\nand reported at length, which report was greatly\\nabbreviated and inserted in the minutes; but the\\noriginal document having been found some twelve\\nyears ago among Rev. G. Shober s papers, in a", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 385\\ngfirret of one of his grandchildren in Salem, North\\nCarolina, it is now presented, and reads as follows:\\nSunday, March 28th, 1813. I set out on my\\njourney from my church after Divine service, and\\narrived in the evening at Mr. Moss on Edisto\\nRiver. Here I made an appointment to preach\\nin a new Methodist meeting-house on my return\\non Tliursda}^ April 8th. The next day I crossed\\nthe Little Saltketcher througli a long swamp and\\ndeep water, and came in the evening to Mr.\\nShobert, a church-warden of St, Bartholomew s\\nChurch. I made my appointment to preach in\\nthis church on Friday, April 2d, and on Sunday\\nand Monday following at St. ISTicholas Church,\\nand again at St. Bartholomew s on m} return on\\nTuesday, April 6th.\\nMarch 31st. To-day I was introduced to sev-\\neral members of the church, when I was informed\\nthat they had a minister, who had lived and\\npreached nine years among them, named John\\nHenry Graff, a native of Saxony, in Germany,\\nand who labored there ever since the death of\\nRev. Mr. Bamberg. Graff was ordained by the\\nRev. Mr. Wallern to the ministry of the Gospel.\\nFor two 3 ears the members of St. Bartholomew s\\nChurch had not employed Graff any longer as\\ntheir pastor, and in St. ISTicholas Church his time\\nexpires in three weeks. I found that the minister\\nand people were opposed to each other, and upon\\ninquiry as to the cause of this division, I was in-\\nformed that Mr. Graff could not speak the English\\nlanguage so as to be understood, and that his\\n33", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "386 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsermons were three and four hours long; that he\\nhad no energy and life in his discourse; that he\\nspoke too low to be heard distinctly; in short,\\nthat they would engage him no longer as their\\npastor. Mr. Shobert desired me to go and see\\nhim, which I had intended to do.\\nApril 1st. I visited Mr. Graft*, and stayed sev-\\neral hours with him. I found him at home, ex-\\npecting to see me, from the report of some of his\\nneighbors that a strange minister was come to\\nvisit him and the congregations. He received\\nme in a friendly manner, and I found him well\\ninformed in religion and the Scriptures. He told\\nme of the dislike which his congregations had\\nagainst him, which he said proceeded from the\\nfamil} in which his daughter had married, who\\nwas then a widow, and now they were maliciously\\naft ected towards him. He showed me his letter\\nof ordination, signed by Rev. Mr. Wallern and\\nchurch-wardens, dated September, 1800. He\\nworks at his trade, being a shoemaker, to support\\nhis famil}\\nApril 2d. I went to St. Bartholomew s Church,\\nwhich is in sight of their minister s house, and\\npreached in the German and English languages to\\na small but attentive congregation, one of whom,\\nMr. Copel, asked me to baptize a child for him on\\nmy return next Tuesday. I was surprised, and\\ntold him I did not wish to do it, as they had a\\nminister; to which he replied, that Graft was no\\nlonger their minister, as he had not been engaged\\nin that church these two years, and that if I would", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 387\\nnot baptize his cliild, Mr. Graff should not do it.\\nThe next day I crossed the Big Saltketcher at\\nRivers Ford, nearly three-quarters of a mile wide,\\nand very deep, and arrived at Mr. Jacob Hardee s,\\none of the wardens of St. l!\u00c2\u00bbricholas Church. He\\nhas a mill, and by that means most of the people\\nwere informed that divine service would be per-\\nformed the next da}-.\\nSunday, April 4th. I went to St. Nicholas and\\npreached to a serious congregation the people\\nwere very attentive, both to the German and Eng-\\nlish discourses. After service I published, as I\\nhad promised, that the Lord s Supper would be\\nadministered on Easter Sunday by their minister,\\nbut not one offered to give in their names, and\\nwished that I should administer it to them on that\\nday to which I replied that it was impossible, as\\nI had two appointments to fill, one at Sandy Run\\nnext Sunday, and at my own church on Easter\\nDay. They then begged me to visit them again,\\nand administer the sacraments, as Mr. Graff was\\nnot worthy to administer any sacrament. I told\\nthem that, if possible, I would pay them another\\nvisit in the fall, and would make my appointments\\nby letter before I came. On Monday I preached\\nagain at St. Nicholas, to a tolerably full congrega-\\ntion, part of the members having been prevented\\nfrom attending on account of the session of Barn-\\nwell court, which commenced this day. The\\npeople complained that whilst Mr. Graff lived\\namong them, no other minister would come to be\\ntheir pastor..", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "388 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nTuesday, April 6th. After having crossed\\nBroxton s Ford in a canoe, and swimming my\\nhorse, I arrived yesterda^^at my old lodging-place,\\nMr. Shobert s. I went to-day to St. Bartholomew s\\nChurch, where I met Mr. Graff, who promised to\\npreach in English after my discourse. He in-\\nformed me that a neighbor of his baptized children\\nwithout license or authority, and that the people\\nemployed him in preference to Mr. Graff s attend-\\ning upon this duty. After my discourse Mr. Graff\\npreached in the German instead of the English\\nlanguage, although it was contrary to his promise\\nand the people s expressed desire. After service\\nI baptized Mr. Copel s child, rather than sutler it\\nto be baptized by an improper person. Here I\\ntook my leave of this people, exhorting them to\\nreconciliation and unity with their minister. They\\nanswered that this could not be, but that they\\nwere now as lost sheep without a shepherd that\\nthey went to hear the word of God among the\\nMethodists and Baptists, but would not join them,\\nas they wished to keep to the religion of their\\nfathers. They hoped that some good minister\\nwould soon be their pastor, and begged me to\\nstate their condition before the Lutheran Synod,\\nand that they would appoint me or some other\\nminister to visit them again.\\nApril 7th. I went to Mr. Moss with the hope\\nof filling my appointment at the Edisto Methodist\\nMeeting-house, when I was informed that they\\nobjected to me, on account of my being a Lutheran\\nminister. The next day I went to Sandy Run, in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 389\\naccordance with my promise, where I met Revs.\\nDreher and Henkeh We preached to a numerous\\nassembly; and on Sunda} friend Dreher and I\\nadministered the Lord s Supper to many commu-\\nnicants in the presence of a hxrge assembly. I\\narrived at home, thanks to God, safe and well,\\nand found my familj in good health, although my\\nhorse could scarcely carry me home.\\nRev. Jacob Scherer s missionary tour was made\\nwithin the State of Ohio, where a great number\\nof families, who had emigrated from North Caro-\\nlina, were then residing, and for whose spiritual\\nwelfare the Synod of IsTorth Carolina was much\\nconcerned.\\nRev. Scherer accompanied Rev. Miller into\\nVirginia, who then made a second tour through\\nthat State, in 1813, as far down the Shenandoah\\nYalley as Winchester, and whose lengthy report\\nis published in the minutes of that year. In Pen-\\ndleton County, Revs. Scherer and Miller separated\\nfrom each other, each one taking his journey as\\nprescribed by Synod.\\nRev. Scherer writes: On the 4th of June I\\nparted from Rev. Miller, and taking Mr. Gobel\\nwith me, we journeyed westwardly towards the\\nState of Ohio, passing through Tiger s Valley, a\\nregion of great spiritual darkness. Proselyting is\\ncarried on extensively here, and some of the Ger-\\nmans have united themselves with the Baptists and\\nMethodists, but very few heathens have become\\nChristians.\\nFrom Clarksburg we w^eut to Marietta, where", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "390 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwe crossed the Ohio River, and passing: ISTew Lan\\ncaster we came to Dayton on the 17th of June.\\nOn this route I baptized seven children and one\\nadult.\\nOn the following Sunday I preached twice\\namong the Germans, who are mostl} from North\\nCarolina, and intend building a church, desiring\\nto have a preacher from that State. (The first\\nEnglish Lutheran Church of Dayton, Ohio, was\\norganized and established at a subsequent period\\nby a minister from North Carolina, the Rev. D.\\nP. Rosen miller, so the writer was informed on his\\nvisit to that city in 1868.) From here I visited\\nmy uncle, Christian Scherer, in which neighbor-\\nhood I preached four days, from the 24th to the\\n27th, to large congregations; baptized five chil-\\ndren. The spiritual condition of Ohio is dark;\\npeople of all denominations are intermixed, and\\nalthough they have many preachers among them,\\nthere appears to be a want of such, who have sound\\ndoctrine and are of good repute.\\nOn the 29th of June we left the State of Ohio,\\nand proceeded on our homeward journey, and ar-\\nrived on the 7th of July in Dowell s Valley, where\\nI preached and baptized seventeen children. The\\npeople complained with tears of their desolate\\nsituation, urgently beseeching us to send them a\\nminister. There are many families here from\\nNorth Carolina, and several congregations could\\nbe formed; the people are willing to build bouses\\nof worship. AV^e promised them that the} should\\nbe visited, and their children instructed and con-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 391\\nfirmed. On the 9th I preached iu Grassy Vallej^,\\nand the next day arrived at Rev. Smith s, who ac-\\ncompanied me from the 13th to the 19th, for here\\nMr. Gobel left me. In one place twenty-five chil-\\ndren requested to be instructed and confirmed,\\nand other persons subscribed their names to form\\na congregation.\\nOn the 20th I formed another congregation\\nin the Fork of the Holstein, and eleven young\\npeople desired to be instructed. On the 21st I\\npreached in Rossler s Church the congregation\\nwith joy placed itself under our Synod, and nine\\npersons requested to be confirmed. The next day\\nI preached in Buler s Church, where a Mr. Zink\\nofficiates, who said that he had been once in Penn-\\nsylvania, when Rev. Mr. Helmuth and Smith had\\ngiven him license, but that it had long since ex-\\npired, and still he persuaded the people that he\\nhad a right to act as a minister.\\nSunday, the 25th, I preached in a now church\\non the Middle Fork of the Holstein, in Washing-\\nton County, Virginia, where a small congregation\\nwas formed; thirteen persons gave in their names\\nfor instruction; the Rev. Mr. Flohr promised to\\ninstruct them. On the ISTorth Fork of the Hol-\\nstein there is another desolate congregation, which\\nliad never yet been visited. Here I found an ig-\\nnora!it man preaching and baptizing without the\\nleast ceremony; he takes up the children, pours\\nwater on them, and says nothing, and 3 et the poor\\nignorant people know no better, but acknowledge\\nhim as a minister.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "392 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nOn the 28th I arrived at Rev. Mr. Flolir s, by\\nwhose loving and brotherly treatment, condescend-\\ning and spiritual conversation, I was exceedingly\\ncomforted I was delighted. From here I jour-\\nneyed homewards, having traveled in all 1617\\nmiles, preached 50 times, baptized 72 children and\\none adult, and in connection with Brother Miller,\\nand partly alone, 13 congregations were formed,\\nconsisting of 1175 members, and 215 persons re-\\nquested to be instructed in the doctrines of Christ.\\nSection 6. Emigration from North Carolina to\\nseveral new States and Territories.\\nAt what time the exodus from North Carolina\\nto other States and Territories commenced can-\\nnot now be pi ecisely stated. Before the Revolu-\\ntionary War, very few English and German settlers\\nhad crossed the Alleghany Mountains from any\\nportion of the Atlantic slope, and during the prog-\\nress of the war, as a matter of course, emigration\\nto the West was impossible. Now allowing the\\ninhabitants of the United States several years time\\nto recover from the effects of the war, and the\\ndangers of travel through sparsely settled coun-\\ntries and among hostile Indian tribes gradually\\nsubsiding, this westward emigration scarcely com-\\nmenced until the beginning of the present cen-\\ntury, and most probably not until after the pur-\\nchase of the Western territory by the United\\nStates from the government of France, under Na-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 393\\npoleon I, in 1803, usually called The Louisiana\\nPurchase.\\nThousands of German families, as well as Ameri-\\ncan citizens, induced by the flattering reports of\\nthe fertility of the lands in the West, and the ad-\\nvantageous ofi^ers made to settlers to secure for\\nthemselves a home almost without money and\\nwithout price, sold their paternal possessions in\\nNorth Carolina, and migrated to Tennessee, Ken-\\ntucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and other States\\nand Territories. The Synod of JS^^orth Carolina,\\nfeeling concerned for the spiritual welfare of its\\nformer children, and hearing their continued call\\nfor the bread of life, sent missionaries to these\\nsettlers to visit them, who, themselves becoming\\nenamored with the flattering advantages and pros-\\npects of these new countries, likewise soon be-\\ncame classed among the new settlers. In this nuui-\\nner were Lutheran congregations formed in Ohio,\\nIndiana and Illinois, composed almost entirely of\\nNorth Carolinians; and whilst this was a decided\\nadvantage to the West, it was, on the other hand,\\na fearful drain upon the strength of the Lutheran\\nChurch in the old North State.\\nIn many instances the German Lutheran settlers\\nin the West became so scattered, that it was found\\nimpracticable to continue their connection with\\nthe Church of their fathers, and thus were they ab-\\nsorbed by other denominations, and lost to the\\nLutheran Church. Concerning all this, a recent\\ncorrespondent to The Lutheran and Missionary\\nexpresses himself as follows: Instead of (the Lu-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "304 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntlieran Church in ISTorth Carolina) being strength-\\nened b} immigration into it, it has suffered greatly\\nby emigration from it. For forty (and more) years\\nlarge numbers of Lutherans have each year gone\\nwestward. They and their descendants are found\\nin nearly all the Western States. Some of these\\nhave been gathered into congregations in their\\nnew homes; but the great majority have been lost,\\nnot only to the Church in North Carolina, but to\\nthe Lutheran Church. Some congregations, once\\nlarge and flourishing, have been almost destroyed\\nby it. A ver} large proportion of the young men\\nof the Church of the State have gone entirely be-\\nyond her reach. She has not only been weakened\\nby these losses, but discouraged.\\nLi South Carolina the Lutheran Church also\\nlost heavily in the number of her membership by\\nemigration to other States, but not at this early\\nperiod of her history. Numbers moved away at\\na later date, and formed colonies in Georgia,\\nFlorida, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas, many\\nof whom are still true to the Church of their\\nfathers, whilst others again have connected them-\\nselves with other denominations.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 395\\nSection 6. Additional Extracts from the llinutes of\\nthe North Carolina Synod from 1811 to 1816^\\nexhibiting the JRapid Increase of its Influence,\\nthe Extension of its Borders, and its Great Want\\nof Ministers.\\nThe meeting of Synod of 1811 was not well at-\\ntended, hence very little business was transacted.\\nA special meeting of S^-nod was therefore held in\\nApril, 1812, at which time the Synod iiumbered\\ntwelve ministers, including the licentiates; nine\\ncongregations in Tennessee, under the pastoral\\ncare of Rev. C. Z. H. Smith, connected themselves\\nwith the Synod at this meeting; the names of\\nthese churches were, Zion s and Roller s, in Sullivan\\nCount} Brownsboro and (name not mentioned),\\nin Washington County; Patterson, Sinking Spring\\nand Cove Creek, in Green County; Lonax and\\nThomas, in Knox and Blount Counties. A pe-\\ntition from South Carolina, signed b} 18 Reformed\\nand 13 Lutherans, was read, praying that Synod\\nshould ordain William Hauk as a German Re-\\nformed minister, but this Sjiiod, after due con-\\nsideration, concluded that they could not consist-\\nently do anything in the matter.\\nThe parochial reports, ranging from two to\\ntwenty-four j^ears, and which had never been\\nhanded in before, sum up as follows: 26 congre-\\ngations, 2071 contirmations, 100 adult baptisms;\\ninfant baptisms and communicants were not re-\\nported besides these are the reports of only live", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "396 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof the ministers whose congregations were all lo-\\ncated in ^orth Carolina.\\nIt was resolved that Sunday-schools should be\\npublicly recommended from the pulpit in all our\\ncongregations.\\nA written plan, embracing ten articles, was\\npresented to Synod for the purpose of establish-\\ning schools for our poor children, to be supported\\nby voluntary donations from the members of the\\nChurch; in which schools the German and English\\nlanguages were to be taught. It was also unani-\\nmously declared, that Luther s Smaller Catechism\\nmust remain the foundation of instruction also\\nthe catechisms printed by Ambrose Henkel Co.,\\nwere recommended for general adoption.\\nA fervent wish being expressed to enter into\\na nearer and more cordial connection with the\\nbrethren professing our faith in Pennsylvania, a\\nletter of the year 1807, addressed to our Minis-\\nterium from tlie Ministerium of Pennsylvania, was\\nread. We felt sorry that, because in said and the\\nsucceeding year no full Synod had been assem-\\nbled, the same was mislaid, and the recei[)t thereof\\nnever acknowledged, nor has the letter been an-\\nswered. Revs. Storch and Shober were hereupon\\nappointed in the name of this Synod to answer\\nthe said letter, and to send them, at the same time,\\na copy of the principal transactions of this and the\\nlast Synod, together with the most memorable\\nnuitter of Pev. Miller s missionary tour.\\nRev. Mr. Storch was commissioned to })reparc\\na liturgy, and lay the same before the next Synod.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 397\\nOn the 18th October, 1812, the regular session\\nof Synod was held. President, Rev. E. J. Miller,\\nand Rev, G. Shober, Secretary. Rev. Jacob Sherer\\nwas ordained at this meeting. A letter from Rev.\\nJ. G. Schrancker, of York, Pa., was read, acknowl-\\nedging the receipt of the friendly letter from the\\nJSTorth Carolina Synod, b}^ the Ministerium of\\nPennsylvania, and informing the Synod that their\\nPresident, Rev. Mr. Helmuth, was requested to\\nreply to the same.\\nThe following condensed missionary report of\\nRev. Philip Henkel is inserted in the minutes:\\nI served as missionary preacher from the 11th\\nof May to the 7th of August traveled 1534 miles,\\npreached 50 times, baptized 115 children and 4\\nadults, and administered the Lord s Supper 4 times,\\nin all to 45 communicants. I found in the States\\nof North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, many\\ndeserted congregations, and they everywhere pray\\nthat preachers be sent them.\\nTwo new congregations, organized by Rev.\\nShober, named Hopewell and Bethlehem, were\\nreceived in connection with the Synod; so also\\nwas the Sandy Run congregation in South Caro-\\nlina, under the pastoral care of Rev. Godfrey\\nDreher.\\nThe Synod of 1813 convened in Pilgrim s\\nChurch, Davidson County, N. C, in October; it\\nwas well attended by ministers and lay delegates,\\nand the minutes contain fiftj -two pages of closely\\nprinted matter, made up principally of sermons\\nand the missionary journals of Revs. Miller and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "398 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSclierer. Rev. Storch was elected President, and\\nRev. Shober, Secretary. Revs. David Ilenkel, J.\\nP. Schmucker, and Daniel Moser, were licensed\\nto the ministry. Four congregations in Shenan-\\ndoah and Rockingham Counties, Virginia, named\\nHoxhiehl, Solomon s, Rider s and Paul s Churches,\\nwere received in connection with the Synod.\\nRev. Scherer also gave information that fifteen\\ncongregations, which he had visited last summer,\\nand of which some were newly formed by Rev.\\nMiller and himself, desired to be admitted to our\\nassociation, and to be placed under the care of our\\nministry; and they were, with thanks to our gra-\\ncious Lord, accepted, which resolution was, how-\\never, accompanied with this deep sigh O had\\nwe more faithful servants of the Lord In these\\nfifteen congregations there are 1323 souls desirous\\nto be waited on with the word, and out of that\\nnumber 241 have given in their names, requesting\\nto be catechized and confirmed. Whereupon it\\nwas resolved to petition the Moravian Church for\\none or more ministers to labor in connection with\\nthe Synod, to supply the want of able laborers in\\nthe vineyard of the Lord, entrusted to the Synod.\\nOn the 16th of October, 1814, the Synod con-\\nvened at Organ Cliurch, Rowan County, IST. C.\\nAt this meeting there were eighteen ministers\\npresent, twelve of whom were licentiates. The\\nofficers of the preceding year were re-elected. It\\nwas resolved that, inasmuch as the Pennsylvania\\nSynod had concluded to publish a liturgy, no fur-\\nther steps be taken to prepare one by this Synod,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 399\\nhoping to be united with that Synod in the intro-\\nduction of its liturgj- in our congregations.\\nThe congregations in Tennessee having lost\\ntheir minister, Rev. Mr. Smith, by death, during\\nthe past year, Rev. Philip Henkel consented to\\nbecome their pastor.\\nA difficulty arose with catechet Michael Mackin,\\nwho insisted that prayer would not be answered\\nunless performed in a kneeling posture, and who\\nintroduced that position in prayer in the congre-\\ngations where he exhorted he being absent from\\nSynod, Rev. Storch was appointed to examine him,\\nand if still unwilling to conform to the established\\nrules of the Church, to withhold his license from\\nhim.\\nA circular from the Lutheran congregation in\\nCharleston, S. C, was presented, earnestly be-\\nseeching the Synod to send them a minister capa-\\nble of preaching in the German and English lan-\\nguages. The Synod regretted that none could be\\nfound among them to labor in this hopeful tield,\\nand resolved to send that congregation a friendlj^\\nletter, with the promise that if deemed necessary,\\nit should be visited the following spring.\\nThe following congregations were received in\\nconnection with the Synod: St. Michael s and\\nPaul s (Rail s), Lexington District, S. C. One\\ncongregation in Newberry District, S. C, of which\\nMichael and Peter Rickard, Andrew Wecker, and\\nMartin Kinard, were elders; and Coldwater\\nChurch, in Cabarrus County, C.\\nLi accordance with a written communication", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "400 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfrom brother John Drelier, of South Carolina,\\nand upon his desire, it was\\nResolved, That negro slaves be instructed in\\nour holy religion, and be received into our Church\\nas members; and that congregations should make\\nproper arrangements in their houses of worship to\\ngive the slaves also the opportunity to hear the\\nGospel. It was also\\nResolved, That all our ministers unite them-\\nselves to labor against the pernicious influence and\\nconsequences of dancing, and seek to prevent it in\\nevery possible way.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Resolved, That a special conference be held on\\nthe third Sunday after Easter, in St. Michael s\\nChurch, Lexington District, S. C.\\nAn appendix to the minutes contains the cor-\\nrespondence as ordered by Synod at its last meet-\\ning, between the Synod s committee. Revs. Storch\\nand Shober, and Bishop Van Vleck, of the Mora-\\nvian Church, on the subject of obtaining a supply\\nof ministers from that Church. And although the\\nBishop s letter was a very friendly one, yet he re-\\ngretted exceedingly, that at that time, no minister\\nof tlieir Church could be spared.\\nOctober 15th, 1815, the Synod convened in the\\nLutheran Church in Lincolnton, N. C, but on ac-\\ncount of sickness, few ministers were present.\\nResolved, That no minister has a right to leave\\nhis congregations and labor in another tield when-\\never he deems it advisable, without informing the\\nelders and deacons of his intention some time be-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 401\\nforehand, and tlie matter bo hronii^lit before Synod\\nfor iinal decision.\\nA cong-regation at McCobbin s Creek, Mecklen-\\nbnro; Conntv, N. C, was received in connection\\nwith S^ nod. Qnite a nnniber of petitions from\\nthree congregations in Fairtield County, Oliio,\\nfrom Washington County, Indiana, then still a\\nterritory, from Sevier County, Tennessee, were\\npresented, petitioning Synod for ministers of the\\ngospel, but which could only be partially or occa-\\nsionally supplied with the means of grace by a\\nvisiting minister.\\nTwo congregations in Iredell County, IsT. C,\\nnamed New Pearth (now St. Michael s) and Christ\\nChurches, were taken into connection with the\\nSynod. The other transactions of this meeting of\\nSynod are of no special interest.\\nSection 7. Origin and History of several new Congre-\\ngations established in North and South Carolina.\\nFrom the extracts of the minutes of the North\\nCarolina Synod, as given in the preceding section,\\nit may be readily perceived that the Synod was\\nnot only a necessity to the Lutheran Church in\\nthe two Carolinas, but also to the same Church in\\nother States; its influence extended itself into\\nVirginia and Tennessee, and even into other and\\nmore distant States. Congregations placed them-\\nselves under its care in such numbers as to distress\\nthe members of Synod to know how to make pro-\\nvision for the spiritual wants of all these churches.\\n34", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "402 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nl^ot only hundreds, but thousands were added to\\nthe number of its communing membership in an\\nalmost incredibl} short period of time. In addi-\\ntion to that, a number of new congregations were\\norganized in its immediate territory, likewise\\nclaiming the attention and care of Synod.\\nGod certainly gave the Synod a large field to\\noccupy, and that was the time when it should have\\ntaken immediate steps to establish a classical and\\ntheological school for the education of young men\\nto the ministry; and it would have been Avell, if\\nsome of the older and more educated ministers\\nhad abandoned their congregations, if necessary,\\nbut particularly their private interests, such as\\nfarming, c., had conscientious!}^ taken this matter\\nin hand themselves, and would have gone at once\\nas professors into the lecture-room. At first a log\\nhut might have been built for this purpose in al-\\nmost any locality; this would have sufiiced for a\\nbeginning, until a more convenient and stately\\nedifice could have been erected, and at a place\\nwhere it might have been made more successful.\\nTrue, a few years later, an eftbrt was made in\\nTennessee to establish such an institution, but it,\\nof necessity, became a failure, as shall be shown\\nhereafter, for want ot proper encouragement and\\ngood management.\\nThe new congregations that were formed in\\nI^orlh and South Carolina are the following:\\n1. Bethel C/iurch, iSlanli/ Counfi/, N. C, which is\\nmore commonly known as Bear Creek Church,\\non account of its contiguity to that stream. It was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 403\\nat this time a unitedly Lutheran and Reformed\\ncongregation, and its Lutheran members mostly\\nbelonged previously to St. John s Church, Cabarrus\\nCounty. About the year 1804 divine worship was\\nheld in Christopher Layerle s barn for two or three\\nyears, who donated one hundred acres of well-tim-\\nbered land to the newlj organized congregation;\\nthe male members then went to work in felling the\\ntrees, squaring the logs, and piling them up in\\ntrue colonial style, until the new church edifice\\nwas sufficiently elevated for having the roof placed\\nupon it, and other necessary work done to it. The\\nfollowing extract is a translation from its church-\\nbook We erected this church on tlie 19th and\\n20th of March, 1806, in the western part of Mont-\\ngomery (Stanly) County, which was quickly brought\\nunder roof, and was made so far comfortable that\\non the following 25th of May, Whitsuuda}-, service\\nwas held in it for tlie first time by Kev. George\\nBoger (a German Reformed minister), who was\\nour pastor at that time.\\nThe chui ch was afterwards completed at a cost\\nof about $300, and presented a very respectable\\nand comfortabe appearance. A petition for aid\\nwas then drawn up by Theophilus Lotter, their\\nschool-teacher, and was sent to the Lutheran con-\\ngregation in Charleston, S. C, who were moved\\nto present this infant enterprise with three boxes\\nof window glass, which was received with thank-\\nfulness, duly recorded with their church-book, and\\naccordingly appropriated for the purpose intended.\\nThis same church building is still standing in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "404 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nall its earlj strength of arcliitecture, and may re-\\nsist the encroachments of time for many years to\\ncome.\\nThe congregation was for a long time deprived\\nof the services of a regular Lutheran pastor, but\\nwas frequently visited by Revs. Storch and J. W.\\nMej cr; and was received into connection with the\\nSynod in the year 1810.\\n2. Coldwater Creek Church, Cabarrus Couniy, N.\\nC., now St. James Church, Concord, K. C. The\\nearly records of this congregation have all been\\ndestroyed by the ravages of those enemies to an-\\ncient documents, the rats and mice, who have ap-\\npropriated the leaves of the records of this church\\nto their own comfort. Audubon, the ornitholo-\\ngist, was served once in the same manner, when\\nhis earliest portfolio leaves were all ruined; how-\\never, he could replace what had cost him three\\nyears toil to gather together, by once more shoul-\\ndering his knapsack and gun, and returning to the\\nfields and forests for a renewed supply. But there\\nis no such remedy ibr the seeker after liistorical\\nfacts; when once the early records are destroyed\\nand lost, no efforts can reproduce them; diligent\\ninquiry and search was made to obtain at least a\\nportion of the records of this church, but all in\\nvain, the work of destruction was done effectually.\\nColdwater Church was at one time the oldest\\nGerman religious organization in Western North\\nCarolina; it had a pastor even before the Rev. A.\\nNussmann came to America in 1773 this pastor\\nwas the Rev. Mv. Suther, a Gernuin Reformed", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 405\\nminister, some of whose descendants are still living\\nin Concord, K. C, and are worthy members of the\\nLutheran Church there.\\nIn Wheeler s Historj^ of ITorth Carolina, vol. ii,\\np. 11, the following record in Governor Trj-on s\\njournal occurs: Sunday, August 21st, 1768.\\nHeard Mr. Luther, a Dutch minister, preach.\\nThis is a very brief record, but it contains much\\ninformation, when all the circumstances connected\\nwith it are considered. Firsfl//, the place was near\\nMajor Phifer s residence, Mecklenburg (now Ca-\\nbarrus) County, where Governor Trj ou with his\\nsuite lodged from the 19th to the 22d of August.\\nSecondly, the church was a German one, called\\nDutch according to the common parlance of\\nthat day, and was none other than the Coldwater\\nChurch, which was then the nearest German\\nchurch to Major Phifer s residence. Thirdly, the\\nminister s name was Suther, and not Luther,\\nwliich is undoubtedly a mistake of the copyist of\\nthe Governor s journal, or of the printer, inasmuch\\nas the letter S, in writing, so nearly resembles\\nthe letter L; for no minister with the name\\nLuther ever resided in that vicinity, and it is\\nknown that the Rev. Mr. Suther was the minister\\nof that church about that time. Fourthly, the time\\ndates the existence of the Coldwater Churcli as far\\nback as 1768.\\nNow whether the Lutherans had, at that time,\\na common right in the property of that church\\nwith the German Reformed is not known.\\nThirty j-ears later a Lutheran minister occasion-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "406 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nally preached there, at least in performing funeral\\nservices in that church, as may be seen from the\\nrecords of St. John s church-book. This minister\\nwas the Rev. A. ]S^. Marcard, then tlie pastor of\\nSt. John s Church.\\nIn the minutes of the ISTorth Carohna Synod\\nmention is first made of this church in the year\\n1814, when it was received in connection w itli the\\nSynod, giving tlie names of Philip Cress and\\nMichael Winecoff as its church officers, and it is\\nexceedingly probable that its organization as a\\nLutheran congregation, worshiping with the Ger-\\nman Reformed, dates back only to about that time.\\nIn the year 1843, under the pastoral care of Rev.\\nW. G. Harter, the Lutheran congregation w^ith-\\ndrew from the Coldwater Church, and erected\\ntheir own house of woi ship in the town of Con-\\ncord, adopting the name of St. James Church,\\nwhere it continues to exist to the present day.\\n3. St. Michael s C/airch, Lexington District^ South\\nCarolina. This congregation is likewise compara-\\ntively a new organization, and its church edilice\\nis better known as The Blue Church.\\nThe congregation originated in the following\\nmanner: A number of members of Bethel Church,\\non High Hill Creek, were desirous of hearing the\\nWord of God in the English language, which in-\\nnovation being met with mucii opposition, the\\nfriends of Englisli preaching withdrew and wor-\\nshiped for a time in a schoolhouse, but afterwards\\nsecured a portion of hind b} gift or otherwise, and\\nerected their own church. A number of members", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, 407\\nfrom old Zion s Church also soon connected them-\\nselves with the new enterprise. The Rev. God-\\nfrey Dreher l)ecame their first pastor, and tlieir\\nfirst communion was held in the church on the\\nfifth Sunday in June, 1814. It was admitted into\\nconnection with the North Carolina Synod, Octo-\\nber 18th of the same year. Its elders and deacons\\nat that time were: John Wise, John Dreher,\\nSamuel Wingard, and Thomas Shuler, wdiose\\nnames are mentioned in the minutes of the Synod.\\nAccording to a resolution of the North Carolina\\nSynod, a special Conference was held in this\\nchurch, at which Conference the Revs. Storch,\\nMiller and Shober, from North Carolina, w^ere\\npresent. The Lord s day services were held in\\nBethel Church, April 29th, 1816, when Rev.\\nCharles A. Stork opened public worship by preach-\\ning fron) John 3 14, 15, and the Rev. R. J. Miller\\nin the English language from Matt. 21:43. During\\nthe first sermon, the Rev. G. Dreher and Candi-\\ndate M. Ranch addressed the English visitors out\\nof doors, and during the second, the Rev. G. Sliober\\naddressed an assembly of negroes near the church\\non the subject of Christianity, and afterwards\\npreached a sermon in the church from Matt. 13\\n25, in the German language. It is hoped that\\namong that great concourse of people, who list-\\nened attentively during the long service, some\\nprecious seed fell on good ground. It w^as then\\nthought advisable that the meeting of Conference\\nshould be held at St. Michael s Church at nine\\no clock, Monday morning. The above extract", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "408 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nis taken from the printed minutes of that special\\nConference, and is herein inserted, because this\\nwas the first ecclesiastical meeting of the Lutheran\\nChurch held in this State. The conventions of\\nthe Corpus Ecclesiasticum preceded it some\\ntwenty-nine years, but it was a German Reformed\\nas well as a Lutiieran body.\\nThe object of holding this Conference was to\\nadjust certain difficulties, that had arisen and dis-\\nturbed the Lutheran Church in South Carolina,\\nin reference to the baptism of the children of un-\\nworthy church members and of non-professors of\\nreligion. The decision arrived at was, that the\\nchildren of all such members, who were not ex-\\npelled from the Church, could be presented by\\ntheir own parents for baptism, and that the chil-\\ndren of all others were likewise to be baptized,\\nprovided worthy members of the Church acted\\nas sponsors, and presented them to the altar.\\nAnother vexed question had reference to the col-\\nored population, namely: 1. When should they\\nbe baptized and conlirmed? 2. Should they after-\\nwards be immediately admitted to the communion\\nor remain awhile in a state of probation? 3.\\nShould they belong to the same church with their\\nmasters, or be at liberty to select a churcli for\\nthemselves? 4. Should they bring their own chil-\\ndren to baptism themselves? 5. The marriage\\nrelation was recognized and strictly enforced. A\\nresolution was tlien also passed, requesting Sjmod\\nto publish in the minutes of every year the list of\\nits authorized and recognized ministers.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 409\\n4. *SV. M tchaeVs Church, Ira/ell Coiinfi/, North Caro-\\nlina. The German citizens of Iredell County caine\\noriginall^^ from Rowan and Cal)arriis Counties.\\nAH the productive and available lands in these two\\ncounties had been preoccupied V)y their forefathers,\\nwhose descendants were, therefore, compelled to\\ngo westward, and many of them occupied lands\\nin Iredell that were still vacant, or purchased\\nfarms from the original Scotch-Irish settlers.\\nThis influx of a German population occurred\\nabout the close of the last or commencement of\\nthe present century, and owing to the peculiarities\\nof their settlement here, many of them are inter-\\nmarried with the original Scotch-Irish colonists,\\nand nearlj all are more or less scattered over the\\nwhole of that counti-y, and some of them are of\\nnecessity located rather remotely from their own\\nhouse of worship.\\nThe Rev. R. J. Miller was the first Lutheran\\nminister who gathered the German settlers in Ire-\\ndell County into a congregation, A.D. 1815. This\\nfact is ascertained from the church records, as\\nwell as from the minutes of the Synod of 1815,\\nwhen that congregation was admitted under the\\nname of New Pearth. The church land was\\ndonated by Mr. Daniel Walcher, and was given\\nas joint property for the use of both the Lutheran\\nand Episcopal denominations, and was so continued\\nas a union house of worship for several j ears, when\\nthe Episcopalians withdrew and erected their own\\nchurch a few miles distant from St. Michael s\\n35", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "410 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nChurch, leaving the Lutheran congregation the\\nsole possessor of that property.\\nThe church edifice has since been considerably\\nenlarged, and is located on a pleasant site near\\nthe public road leading from Charlotte to States-\\nville, and recently the Atlantic, Tennessee and\\nOhio Railroad has been located very near to this\\nchurch and its graveyard. Rev. Mr. Miller contin-\\nued to labor here for six years, when he voluntarily\\ndisconnected himself from the Lutheran Church,\\nin 1821. It was in this congregation that the Rev.\\nSimeon W. Ilarkey, D.D. and his brothers, who are\\nalso in the ministry, were born and reared up for\\nenlarged usefulness in the Lutheran Church. Dr.\\nHarkey was for a time President of Illinois State\\nUniversity; many interesting circumstances of his\\nearly life are still related by his former schoolmates\\nand early associates. St. Michael s Church has\\nlost heavily b}- the removal of many of its mem-\\nbers, principally to the State of Illinois.\\n5. JlcCobbin s Creek Church, Mecklenburg County^\\nN. C, is also mentioned in the minutes of the\\nNorth Carolina Synod, as having been received\\ninto its connection in 1815. Of its history notliing\\nis known to tlie writer; it is probable, that this is\\nthe present Morning Star Church in that county,\\nand now connected with the Tennessee S3 nod.\\nThere are, doubtless, other new Lutheran con-\\ngregations which were organized in other parts of\\nthe Carolinas at or before this time, but as they\\nare not mentioned in the minutes of the Synod,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 411\\nand no other records are at hand, nothing can be\\nsaid concernino; them.\\nSection 8. Continued History of several of the older\\nLutheran Congregations in the Carolinas.\\nThe Lutheran Church in the interior of South\\nCarolina was beginning to present a more hope-\\nful appearance; much good was accomplished by\\nthe labors of its young ministers, who had recently\\nbeen licensed or ordained by the North Carolina\\nSynod; the Synod itself was also exerting a whole-\\nsome influence upon those churches in South\\nCarolina that were connected with. it. In New-\\nberry District the Rev. F. J. Wallern was still\\nlaboring, but he and his congregations remained\\nisolated and uninfluenced by synodical counsel\\nand authority, consequently no improvement was\\nmanifested in their condition one congregation,\\nhowever, placed itself under the care of Synod in\\n1814, whose elders and deacons names have been\\nmentioned, yet it is not stated who was its pastor\\nat that time.\\nSoon after the death of Rev. C. E. Bernhardt, in\\n1809, the churches in Lexington District, on both\\nsides of the Saluda River, were served by the Rev.\\nGodfrey Dreher, who was licensed by the North\\nCarolina Synod in 1810, and labored there for a\\nnumber of years, having still the charge of Zion s,\\nSt. Peter s, and other more recently organized\\ncongregations, -as late as 1848, at about which time", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "412 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nhe resigned. The Rev. J. Y. Meetze also resided\\nand preached in this District, serving several con-\\ngregations; and after the year 1814, the Rev. J.\\nP. Franklow, who resigned his charge in Orange-\\nburg District, likewise labored in Lexington, so\\nthat the congregations in this District were for the\\ntime well supplied with ministerial labor.\\nThe Sandy Run congregation was supplied once\\na month with the means of grace by Revs. Dreher,\\nFranklow and Ranch, from and after the year\\n1812; Rev. Franklow, however, soon afterwards\\nresigned; whether Rev. Rauch continued to preach\\nthere any length of time is not stated, but Rev.\\nDreher remained the pastor of that church until\\nthe close of the year 1821.\\nThe St. Matthew s charge in Orangeburg Dis-\\ntrict was supplied with a pastor in the Rev. J. P.\\nFranklow, who remained in office in that charge\\nuntil 1814, when he resigned, and Rev. M. Rauch\\nbecame hi^s successor. By resolution of the North\\nCarolina Synod, he also took the oversight of the\\ntwo congregations in Barnwell District.\\nThe Lutheran church in Charleston was vacant\\nfrom the year 1811, but was supplied with the\\nmeans of grace, six months at a time, by several\\nEpiscopal clergymen, until the Rev. John Bachman,\\nfrom the State of New York, became the pastor in\\nJanuary, 1815. Of his arrival in Charleston and\\nof his pastoral labors more will be stated in the\\nnext section.\\nThe various churches in Lincoln County, N. C,\\nwere served with the pastoral labors of Revs. R.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 413\\nJ. Miller, David Henkel and Daniel Moser; the\\nlatter became the successor of Rev. Philip Henkel,\\nwho had resigned and accepted the call to the\\nTennessee congregations, made vacant by the\\ndeath of Rev. C. Z. II. Smith.\\nThe two congregations in Cabarrus County were\\nsupplied by the Rev. C. A. G. Storch; St. John s\\nChurch was served as a part of his regular charge,\\nwhilst the Coldwater congregation received occa-\\nsional visits from him. The other now existing\\ncongregations in this county were not organized at\\nthat time.\\nIn Rowan County Rev. Storch was laboring still\\nat Organ Church, in the bounds of which he then\\nresided; it is probable that he also served Savage s\\nor Sewits Church, now called Lutheran Chapel;\\nbut the Union or Pine Church he had resigned,\\nand the Rev. J. W. Meyer became its pastor.\\nSt. John s Church, in Salisbury, was at this time\\nstill vacant; it had become a neglected field, and,\\naccording to the provisions in the title granted by\\nMr. Beard, the Episcopalians occupied the church,\\nsince the}- had no house of worship of their own,\\nand the few remaining Lutherans worshiped with\\nthem.\\nThe churches in Davidson County were served\\nfaithfully by their pastor, Rev. Lewis Markert,\\nfrom 1805 to 1816, when he removed to the State\\nof Indiana, where he continued to labor until the\\nLord called him home, JSTovember 22d, 1850.\\nAfter the removal of Rev. Markert, and at the\\nrequest of the vacant congregations, the Synod, ia", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "414 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n1816, a[)poiiitecl Rev. G. Shober to supply two of\\nthe churches of that charge, whilst the remaining\\ntwo were placed under the care of Rev. J. W.\\nMeyer. In 1817, Catechet Daniel Walcher was\\nsent by Synod to labor in these vacant churches,\\nwhere he remained until 1821, when he removed\\nto Pendleton County, Virginia.\\nIn the year 1810, tbe Rev. Jacob Scherer became\\nthe pastor of the churches in Guilford and Orange\\nCounties, which had been vacant about four years,\\nbut through the energetic and faithful labors of\\nRev. Scherer s ministry, this charge became one of\\nthe most promising in the State. His catechetical\\ninstructions were specially blessed. At one time\\na certain young man came to him and declared\\nthat he would not for the whole world have been\\nwithout these instructions, for by means of them\\nhe had found what was w^orth more than the world\\nto him. The Rev. Jacob Grieson was licensed\\nto preach the gospel in 1810, and labored as an\\nassistant pastor with Rev, Scherer, accomplishing\\nmuch good, and was always wilhng and prepared\\nto lighten the burdens and labors of the regular\\npastor in that extensive charge.\\nThe congregations in Forsythe County, near\\nSalem, N. C, were great!} built up by the efhcient\\nlabors of their first pastor, the Rev. Gottlieb Scho-\\nber, who commenced his ministry there in 1810,\\nand continued in charge of these churches to the\\nclose of his life, June 27lh, 1838.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 415\\nSection 9. Arrival of Rev. John Bachman as Pastor\\nof St. John s Lutheran Church in Charleston.,\\nS. C, and his Beport on the State of the Coun-\\ntry and of the Condition of the Lutheran Church\\nin America in the year 1S15.\\nAt last we have reached that period in the liis-\\ntory of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas\\nwhich comes within the range of still living wit-\\nnesses, one of whom is the Rev. John Bacliman,\\nD.D., LL.D., now in his eightj^-third year, and in\\nthe fifty-eighth year of his ministry in Charleston,\\nS. C, as pastor of St, John s Lutheran Church;\\nand though no longer able to preach the gospel,\\nhe still manifests the liveliest interest in the wel-\\nfare and prosperity in the Lutheran Church, both\\nin his own Synod and in America; and has but\\nrecently (March 28th, 1872) been permitted, in a\\nreclining posture, to participate in the dedication\\nof St. Matthew s German Lutheran Church of\\nCharleston.\\nIt is not designed to give a sketch of Dr. Bach-\\nman s life and ministry in this section of this work,\\nas it would require more than a few pages, and\\nbelongs properly to biographical literature; be-\\nsides, it would bring at once the history of Luther-\\nanism in Charleston to its present date, and disar-\\nrange the entire plan of this work. Rev. Dr.\\nBachman s name, life and labors will now accom-\\npany and be included in the historj^ of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in the Carolinas to the present day,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "416 THE LUTHERAN CIIURCn\\nas he is inseparably connected with it as one of its\\nmost useful and prominent ministers.\\nOn Sunday, January 10th, 1858, Dr. Bachman\\npreached an anniversary sermon to his congrega-\\ntion, on tlie occasion of his having then been forty-\\nthree years their pastor. This sermon has been\\npublished, and furnishes the Church the most in-\\nteresting incidents in his life and ministry, besides\\nembracing a report on the state of the country\\nand of the condition of the Lutheran Church in\\nAmerica in the year 1815. Truly that was the\\nday of small things to the Lutheran Church in\\nthis country, when her ministry numbered not\\nquite one hundred, and there were still but three\\nSynods in the United States, the New York, the\\nPennsylvania, and the l^orth Carolina Synods.\\nThe following extracts are taken from Dr. Bach-\\nman s anniversary sermon\\nOn the 10th of January, 1815,1 arrived in this\\ncity for the purpose of taking charge of this con-\\ngregation. A meeting of the vestry of the church\\ntook place on the 12th, two days afterwards, and\\nthe charge of the congregation Avas, in due form,\\ncommitted to my trust. This day, then, is the\\nforty-third anniversary of my arrival to engage in\\nthe ministry in this city.\\nOn the 10th, the day of my arrival, I attended\\nthe first funeral service, which was performed by\\nanother clergyman, who had previously been en-\\ngaged, and on the 16th I performed the first bap-\\ntismal service.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 417\\niliy Antecedents.\\nI was licensed by the Lutheran Sj nod of N^ew\\nYork in 1813, having previously been elected pas-\\ntor of three congregations in the vicinity of my\\nown neighborhood, in the county of Rensselaer,\\nN. Y., where I would have gladly spent the re-\\nmainder of my days, among the friends and rela-\\ntives of my boyhood and early youth. A hemor-\\nrhage of the lungs, however, of which I had been\\nattacked whilst at college, was making a fearful\\ninroad on my health, and I was advised by my\\nphysicians to seek relief in a more southern cli-\\nmate. A call had been sent from this congrega-\\ntion to the President of the Synod of New York,\\nDr. Quitman, with a request that he should rec-\\nommend some clergyman who might be adapted\\nto this field of labor. He was the father of the\\npresent General Quitman, and was regarded as\\none of the most learned and eloquent men of his\\nday. He and my ever faithful friend, Hr. Mayer,\\nof Philadelphia, proposed my name to tliis congre-\\ngation. They immediately sent me a call to be-\\ncome their pastor. After consultation with my\\nfamily and congregation, they reluctantly gave\\nme leave of absence for nine months, during which\\ntime the hope was expressed that my health\\nwould be sutiiciently restored to enable me to re-\\nsume my ministerial labors among them. As the\\nLutheran Church had scarcely an existence in our\\nSouthern States, and as we had no Synod here, an", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "418 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nextra meeting of tlie Synod of I^ew York was con-\\nvened in December, 1814, at Rhinebeck, Dutch-\\ness County, the place of my nativity, for the pur-\\npose of ordaining me. The ordination services\\nwere performed by Dr. Quitman and the other\\nofficers of the Synod in the Lutheran church at\\nRhinebeck, where I had been baptized in infancy.\\nWithout returning home, I proceeded on m} way\\nto this city.\\nThe State of our Country.\\nWe were in the midst of a three years war\\nwith the most powerful of foreign nations. Fear-\\nful battles had occurred on our ISTorthern frontiers,\\non the ocean and on the lakes. The traces of de-\\nvastation and death were visible in the half-cov-\\nered graves along the highway between Baltimore\\nand Washington. The blackened walls of the\\nCapitol at Washington, and the waste and destruc-\\ntion in every part of the city, presented an awful\\npicture of the horrors of war. On my arrival here\\nI found our citizens working on the lines of de-\\nfence thrown around the landside of our city\\neven ladies went there with hoes and spades to\\ncheer the citizen soldiers by their presence, their\\ncountenance and example, and I too joined, at least\\nin form, for it was our common country that was\\nto be defended. In the meantime the battle of E ew\\nOrleans had been fought, on the 8th of January,\\nand a treaty of peace had been signed at (iiient;", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 419\\nbut these important events were not known until\\nsome time afterwards. The war had fallen heavily\\non our Southern people. The principal staple of\\nour commerce, cotton, had for several years, during\\nthe embargo and war, been sold at a mere nominal\\nvalue, and was stored away in various depositories\\nin King Street. Our citj was then only a village\\ncompared with its present growth, and the grass\\nwas growing in our most public streets. Men had\\nthe necessaries of life, and these were cheap; but\\nall the means of enterprise and all the avenues to\\nwealth were closed up. Fortunately men were\\ndriven to the necessity of manufacturing their nec-\\nessary articles, and they were compelled to deny\\nthemselves luxuries; they studied economy, and\\nhence there was not much suffering among our\\npeople from any want of the necessaries of life.\\nBut the constant dread of invasion, the sufferings\\nand dangers to which our friends who were in the\\narmy and at sea were constantly exposed, kept the\\nminds of our citizens in an unsettled and feverish\\nstate. The means of traveling were very differ-\\nent from what they are now in the days of steamers\\nand railroads. The roads were almost impassable;\\nas an evidence of this, I would state that with the\\nexception of a Sabbath on which I preached for\\nDr. Mayer, of Philadelphia, I came in the regular\\nstage line, which traveled day and night, and ar-\\nrived at Charleston on the morning of the twenty-\\nninth day after leaving Dutchess Count} which is\\na hundred miles north of the city of New York.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "420 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIn the meantime our veliicles were either hroken\\nor overturned eight times on the journey.\\nThe State of the Lutheran Church in America at\\nthe time of my Arrival at the South.\\nThe Lutheran Church in America was at a\\nvery low ebb. There were only three Synods, one\\nin iSTew York, composed of seven ministers; one\\nin Pennsylvania, which in point of numbers was\\nconsiderably larger; and a small Synod in Xorth\\nCarolina, (In the North Carolina Synod there\\nwere, October 17th, 1814, the last meeting of\\nSynod previous to Dr. Bachman s arrival, nine\\nordained ministers and eleven licentiates, twenty\\nministers in all.) Our ministers, with very few\\nexceptions, performed service exclusively in the\\nGerman language. This was a great error, inas-\\nmuch as it exckuled from the Church the descend-\\nants of Lutherans, who had by education and\\nassociation adopted the language of the countiy.\\nOur doctrines were not objectionable to them, but\\nthey could not understand the language in which\\nthey were promulgated. Thus the progress of the\\nCiiurch was greatly retarded in consequence of\\nthe bigoted attachment of our ancestors, and es-\\npecially their clergy, to a foreign language. Since\\nthe introduction of the English language into our\\nministrations the Church has made rapid progress.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 421\\nThe State of our C/inrch in Charleston^ South Caro-\\nlina^ and in the other Southern States.\\nWhen I arrived here the congregation wor-\\nshiped in a small wooden church, situated in the\\nrear of the present church; it was an antiquated\\nbuilding of a peculiar construction, resembling\\nsome of the old churches in the rural districts of\\nGermany. The congregation was composed of\\nGermans, who, during the stormy season of the\\nRevolution, had been the strenuous advocates and\\ndefenders of the rights of their adopted country.\\nThe services continued for many years to be\\nconducted in the German language. The Rev.\\nMr. Faber, the younger of two brothers, wlio were\\npastors of this congregation, introduced the ser-\\nvice in the English language. After his death,\\nthere was for several years no minister of the Lu-\\ntheran Church presiding over this congregation.\\nI have scarcely a doubt that the congregation was\\npreserved from total annihilation through the pious\\nzeal and devotion of the venerable Jacob Sass, who,\\nfor a long series of years, was the president of the\\nvestry, and who was one of the purest and best\\nmen with whom it has been my privilege ever to\\nassociate.\\nIt does not become me to speak of my own\\nlabors in this congregation suffice it to say, that\\nI feel how imperfect are tlie best efforts of man,\\nand wherever there has been any success, let us\\nascribe all the praise and glory to God, to whom", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "422 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthej legitimately belong. Men are but the instru-\\nments in His hands, and He, the Master, often\\ngives the blessing whilst the servant is unworthy.\\nFor many years the Germans of our city formed\\na part of this congregation I preached for them\\nin the German language, at first, once a month,\\nand for some years afterwards, occasionally in the\\nevenings. For nearly twenty years I preached\\nthree sermons on each Sabbath. I now feel con-\\nvinced from experience that this labor is beyond\\nthe capacity of most constitutions, especially in\\nour debilitating climate. In the autumn of 1837,\\nmy health and strength failed me. My congrega-\\ntion, feeling a deep interest in the preservation of\\nmy life and the restoration of my enfeebled health,\\nunanimously requested me to remove for a season\\nfrom my field of labor. I left my home and peo-\\nple in 1838, believing that I looked upon the land\\nof my nativity for the last time, and that I was\\ndestined to breathe my last breath among strangers\\nin a foreign land. I was absent eight months,\\nduring which time I wandered nearly over all Eu-\\nrope, and was received with a sympathy, kindness,\\nand untiring hospitality that have left deep traces\\nof gratitude on mj heart. I returned in January,\\n1839, with health partially restored. For a few\\nyears, until my health was re-established, this con-\\ngregation engaged an assistant minister.\\nI cannot here withhold from you the candid\\nadmission that the establishment of our Church in\\nthe South was a source of greater anxiety to my\\nmind than even the prosperity of my own congre-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 423\\ngation. I came as a pioneer in our holy cause.\\nFor several 3 ears I held my membership with the\\nSynod of I^ew York. We had very few materials\\nin the South from which the Church could be\\nbuilt up no emigrants from abroad.\\nThere were Lutherans in Lexington and\\nOrangeburg Districts, but they were almost desti-\\ntute of the means of grace. There had been a\\nchurch in Savannah, erected before the Revolution,\\nthat belonged to the Lutherans, but it was burnt\\ndown in 1797. This congregation contributed $500\\ntowards rebuilding it; no congregation was, how-\\never, subsequently organized, and the small build-\\ning was occupied as a Sunday-school by another\\ndenomination. They were visited, a congregation\\nwas organized from the materials which could be\\ncollected, and a clergj-man, who had been raised\\nup in this congregation, became their pastor.\\nThey have now a new church and a flourishing\\ncongregation. Ebenezer was also visited. The\\npastor there, who seemed not aware that Luther-\\nanism had any existence in the South, had taken\\na license in another Church. He soon became a\\nco-worker with us, and they have now two pastors\\nand several churches in the neighborhood. We\\nat length began to discuss the propriety of form-\\ning a Synod in our State. We had no theological\\nschool, we had but three or four pastors who were\\nable to perform duty, and the few Lutherans that\\nremained were either poor or in very moderate\\ncircumstances.\\nOn my first arrival here I became a member", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "424 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof the German Friendly Society, which was then\\ncomposed of nearly one hundred members; these\\nhave all passed away, and I am now the oldest\\nmember. Of the few communicants I found in\\nthis church at my arrival, one only is now alive.\\nThe vestrymen, whose names were signed to my\\ncall, were: Jacob Sass, President; Abraham\\nMarkley, John Strohecker, Henry Ilorlbeck,\\nJacob Strobel, J. E. Schirmer, Benjamin A. Mark-\\nley, Jacob Eekhardt, Sr., and John Strobel. War-\\ndens: J. M. Ilott C. C. Philips, Adolph Beckman,\\nand Anthony A. Pelzer. All these have gone to\\ntheir account.\\nOf the committee of twenty-one who, in 1815,\\nreported on the expediency of building this church,\\nall are dead. Of the pastors who occupied the\\npulpits of our city on my arrival, not one is now\\nliving. Of the managers of the Bible Society, who\\nmet me in 1815, 1 only am left, and of its members\\nI am the oldest on their record. At our first con-\\nfirmation in 1816, of sixty-four persons, who were\\nthen dedicated to God, nine only are now alive.\\nI have given you a very brief and imperfect\\nsketch of the days that are past in my long min-\\nistry. Time will not permit me to enter into any\\ndetails; they would fill volumes. Little now re-\\nmains of that thread of life, which has been spun\\nout in the midst of you. I would not wish to re-\\ncall that life, unless it could be spent in greater\\nusefulness to you and to others, and I trust, through\\nthe mercy of that Savior who died for a fallen\\nworld, I will be prepared to resign it cheerfully", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 425\\ninto the hands of that God who gave it, whenever\\nlie shall see fit to call me hence. This congrega-\\ntion was the only one of which I have had charge\\nsince my ordination. To all invitations from other\\nsources in the Church and seats of learning offer-\\ning higher pecuniary advantages I did not hesi-\\ntate a moment in giving a negative reply.\\nSuch matter in Rev. Dr. Bachman s sermon,\\nwhich was not strictly of a historical chai acter, or\\nwhich had been quoted in other parts of this book,\\nin its proper chronological position, has been\\nomitted; other historical data, brought out in the\\nDoctor s discourse, but referring to a later period,\\nwill find their place in some of the succeeding\\nchapters.\\nSection 10. The Ordination Question., and Opposition\\nto the Licensure of Candidates for the Ministri/.\\nThe principal transactions of the North Carolina\\nSynod during the year 1816, were certain reports\\nand resolutiotis on the question of ordination,\\nwhich were occasioned as follows:\\nIn consequence of the great want of ministers,\\nand in order to preserve harmony and uniformity\\nwith the Pennsylvania Synod, the licensure system\\nwas adopted also l)y the Synod of iTorth Carolina.\\nThis system is altogether an American feature, so\\nfar as the Lutheran Church is concerned, and\\narose entirely on account of the great paucity and\\nwant of ministers of the gospel in tliis country.\\n36", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "426 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nThe various Lutheran congregations which had\\nbeen organized in America, besought the different\\nSynods to furnish them preachers or pastors; but\\nwhat could the Synods do towards answering\\nthese numerous and repeated calls made upon\\nthem? Few ministers came or were sent from\\nGermany, and no university or college had as yet\\nbeen established for the education of candidates\\nfor the ministry by the Lutheran Church in this\\ncountry; it was, therefore, thought expedient to\\nlicense persons who could exhort and catechize, to\\ntake charge of these vacant churches, at the same\\ntime making it the duty of the ordained ministers\\nresiding in the vicinity to administer the sacra-\\nments as iVcquently as possible in. those congrega-\\ntions. These exhorters were called catechets. A\\ncourse of study was prescribed for them in Latin,\\nGreek and theology, to be studied privately or\\nwith some of the older ministers; as soon as they\\nstood a fair examination, the}^ were advanced in\\ntheir ministerial standing and received license, to\\nbe renewed every year, to administer all the ordi-\\nnances of the Church. They were called candi-\\ndates, and were obliged to continue their studies,\\nreport their ministerial acts to Synod, bring a writ-\\nten sermon annually for examination, and, when-\\never they passed a good examination on their\\nstudies, character and ministerial usefulness, were\\nsolemnly oi dained to the gospel ministry. They\\nwere then called ))astors, enjoying all the privileges\\nof the older ministers. This arrangement was re-\\ngarded as an educational one, and not as having", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 427\\nestablished different grades or orders of tlie min-\\nistr3\\\\\\nThere now arose in Lincoln Countj, N. C. a\\ngreat opposition to this system, because the candi-\\ndates were authorized to perform all ministerial\\nacts without having been previously ordained a\\nlong statement, covering more than three pages\\nof the minutes of Synod for 1816, is devoted to\\nthis subject, from which the following extracts are\\nmade:\\nUpon the adoption of the report (on the licen-\\nsure of a number of candidates), a sad opposition\\nmanifested itself from Lincoln County, and, under\\nthe pretext that disturbances had been caused in\\nsaid county by the impression that it was anti-\\nchristian for any one to administer the sacraments\\nwithout ordination, it was vehemently insisted\\nupon that the candidates be ordained. Here fol-\\nlows a lengtliy statement of the reasons why the\\nSynod adopted and continued the licensure sys-\\ntem, namely: that it had been a blessing to the\\nChurch, and that the Synod wished to conform also\\nin this particular usage to the long-established\\npractice of their brethren in Pennsylvania. The\\nreport of the Pennsylvania Synod on this subject,\\nas found in its minutes of 1814, is also given, which\\nreport reads as follows:\\nUpon motion, the ordained ministers were\\ncalled upon to express their opinion on the ques-\\ntion proposed by the (North) Carolina Ministerium,\\nnamely, Have candklaies the right to perform the Ac-\\ntus 31 inister idles without a previous laying on of hands f", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "428 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSome expressed their opinions verbally, others in\\nwriting. It was unanimously\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That, according to the testimou} of\\nthe Bible and the history of the Church, a written\\nauthority is equally as valid as the imposition of\\nhands, that our ministerial arrangement is not in\\nopposition to the principles of the Evangelical Lu-\\ntheran Church, and that, therefore, licensed can-\\ndidates can perform all Actus Ministeriales with\\na good conscience. The Secretary of the North\\nCarolina Synod adds yet this remark to the above\\nresolution of the Pennsylvania Synod: At this\\nSynod twenty-two ordained ministers and twentj--\\nnine candidates were present, and all were agreed\\non this subject their resolutions and opinions were\\nsent to us in writing in 1814; we should, there-\\nfore, be uniform in practice, and one or two other-\\nwise thinking individuals among us should yield\\nthat much from motives of love.\\nAll, however, was of no avail; therefore, upon\\nmotion of Rev. Shober, it was resolved to make\\nthe following alteration for one year only tliat if\\nthe present candidates can pass through their this\\nyear s examination, their license be handed them\\npublicly before the congregation, after having af-\\nUrmatively answered that they would observe all\\nwhat the Bible and the Augsburg Confession re-\\nquires of a minister, and that in the name of the\\nChurch a blessing be pronounced upon them with\\nimposition of hands.\\nThe President (Rev. Mr. Storch), protested\\nopenly against this innovation; the resolution", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 429\\nwas, nevertheless, adopted. And, inasmuch as\\nthe President could not conscientiously perforin\\nthis ceremony, he requested Rev. Shober to attend\\nto this duty for him. A fear is also expressed in\\nthe minutes, that all this would eventually cause\\na division in the Church.\\nAt the next meeting of Synod, in 1817, the sub-\\nject came up again, and was linally disposed of by\\nvote. Rev. R. J. Miller being the only one who\\nvoted in the negative, namelj against the licen-\\nsure of candidates.\\nFrom all this we can also arrive at the number\\nof Lutheran ministers in the United States in 1814.\\nThe Pennsylvania Synod, 51 present, probably\\nonly a few absent at that meeting; the New York\\nSynod, 7; and the North Carolina Synod, 21;\\nTotal, 79. Suppose we allow 6 absentees to the\\nPennsylvania Synod, then we have 85 Lutheran\\nministers in 1814 in this country. This number\\nalso agrees with the statement made by Rev. Dr.\\nllazelius, in an inaugural address.\\nSection 11. The Literary Institution in Tennessee\\nfor the Education of llinisters and the Publi-\\ncation by authority of the North Carolina Synod\\nof a book called Luther.\\nIn East Tennessee Lutheranism was spreading\\nrapidly; three new congregations, named Union,\\nHopeful and Lick Creek, were organized, and\\nconnected themselves with the Synod in 1817;", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "430 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nand iu this State, where a few years ago there was\\nbut one minister, the Rev. C. Z. H. Smith, there\\nwere now four hiborers, namely. Revs. Philip\\nIlenkel, Jacob Zink, Adam Miller and Joseph\\nE. Bell; the last mentioned was a good classical\\nscholar, and was received as a catechet in 1816,\\nin accordance with his own request, and because\\nhe could not be present at Synod that year; the\\nnext year, however, being present, he was regu-\\nlarly licensed as a candidate.\\nIn 1817, Revs. Philip Henkel and Jos. E. Bell,\\ncommenced a classical and theological seminary\\non their own responsibility, at which the Synod\\nwas greatly rejoiced, for it was high time that\\nsomething was done in that direction. A report\\non tliis institution, and the action of the Synod in\\nreference to it, are here presented.\\nRev. Philip Ilenkel reported, that in Green\\nCounty, in the State of Tennessee, a seminar}-, on\\na small scale, was established under his and Rev.\\nBell s supervision, in which theology, the Greek,\\nLatin, German and English languages are taught,\\nand in which Rev. Bell is the principal teacher. In\\naccordance with a report, said seminary was re-\\nceived with joy under the counsel and aid of\\nSynod, with the confident expectation that this\\nsmall beginning, by the help of God, located in\\nso healthy and cheap a region of country, this insti-\\ntution, so long and earnestly desired, may prosper\\niu such a manner, that many wclhrpialified minis-\\nters and missionaries may be educated as preachers\\nof the glorious Gospel of Jesus in all parts of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 431\\nworld, who will be prepared to giv e to every man\\na reason of tiie hope that is in them. Thousands\\nof the present and future generations will then\\nthank both those who have been instructed in that\\ninstitution, as well as those who have contributed\\ntheir gifts for the support of this new enterprise, c.\\nA letter was also read to Synod from Rev. Mr.\\nBachman, pastor in Charleston, South Carolina,\\nin which he expresses his joy and desire to labor\\nin harmony with us, and greatly desires to see\\nthat a seminary for the education of ministers be\\nestablished, and that his congregation would gladly\\ncontribute towards the support of the enterprise;\\nfurthermore, that the New York Ministerium, to\\nwhich he belongs, would willingly aid us with\\nmissionaries, and that he regrets that, at tliis\\nseason of the year, he cannot be present with us.\\nTlie reading of this letter was listened to with\\nmuch rejoicing; and as the time for the meeting\\nof Synod is now changed, we hope to have the\\npleasure, through Rev. Bachman, to become more\\nintimately acquainted with the Kew York Minis-\\nterium.\\nArrangements were also made to take up col-\\nlections tlie following May in all the congrega-\\ntions for the support of the seminary in Tennessee.\\nIt is sad to relate that this institution was short-\\nlived, because it was remotely located, and there-\\nfore did not properly come under the influence of\\nSynod; also, because the leading men of Synod\\ndid not take hold of it themselves. They were\\nvery willing to extend their counsel, sympathy", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "432 THE LUTHERAN CHUKCH\\nand aid, when others did the work in establishing\\nit; but that is not the proper wa} to build up an\\ninstitution, which requires the entire wisdom and\\nenergy of all the members of S\\\\ nod.\\nBut the principal cause of the failure of this in-\\nstitution at that time was the division which arose\\nin the Lutheran Church in the South in 1819.\\nAfter the year 1820, nothing more of importance\\nis known of this seminary in Tennessee.\\nFrom the minutes of Synod for 1819 the infor-\\nmation is received that \u00c2\u00a7246.75 was sent from\\nSouth Carolina in aid of this institution, out of\\nwhich Rev. Bachman s congregation had contrib-\\nuted 1221.75.\\nConcerning Rev. Shober s book, familiarly en-\\ntitled, Luther, and published by authority of\\nSynod, the following action was taken. In 1816,\\non motion of Rev. Philip Henkcl, it was resolved\\nthat the secretary. Rev. Shober, compile all the\\nrules adopted by this Synod, and publish them in\\nthe Kiiglish language, inasmuch as our Church is\\nvery little known among the English inhabitants.\\nIn accordance with this resolution, the Secre-\\ntary prepared and laid before Synod in 1817, A\\nmanuscript compilation entitled: Comprehensive\\nAccount of the Rise and Progress of the Refor-\\nmation of the Christian Church by I)r. Martin\\nLuther, actually begun on the 31st day of October,\\nA.D. 1517: together with views of his character\\nand doctrine, extracted from his books; and how\\nthe Church, established hy him, arrived and })ro-\\ngressed in North America; as also the Constitu-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 433\\ntion and Rules of that Church in North Carolina\\nand adjoining States as existing in October, 1817.\\nOn motion, a committee, consisting of the\\nRev. R. J. Miller, Philip Henkel and Joseph E.\\nBell, was appointed to examine the same, A\\nfew days afterward the committee reported:\\nThat they had examined said manuscript, and\\ndo highly approve of its contents, and recommend\\nit to be published, believing that it will have a\\nbeneficial efiect throughout our congregations,\\nand give succinct information to other Christians\\nwhat the Lutheran Church is.\\nThe Synod unanimously adopted said report,\\nand directed the treasurer to have 1500 copies\\nprinted. The proceeds of the sale of this book\\nwere to be applied to the Tennessee Seminary and\\nother synodiul objects.\\nThe contents of this book are a history of the\\nReformation, a history of the Lutheran Church\\ntransplanted to America, particularly in North\\nCarolina and other Southern States; the Augsburg\\nConfession; Constitution and Rules adopted by\\nthe North Carolina Synod; extracts from Luther s\\nwritino;s: and some concludino; remarks.\\nThe character of the book appears on some of\\nits pages to be soundly Lutheran; on other pages\\ncompromising and unionistic. The tenth and\\neleventh articles of the Aus-sburo; Confession are\\nnot passed by without a comment, in the shape of\\na foot-note, weakening their force, and making\\nthem agreeable to all denominations. In the\\nConclusion the following remarks occur: I\\n?.7", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "434 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nhave attentively examined the doctrine of the\\nEpiscopalian Church, read many excellent authors\\nof the Presbyterians, know the Methodist doctrine\\nfrom their book, Portraiture of Methodism, and\\nam acquainted with the Baptist doctrine, so far as\\nthat they admit and adore Jesus the Savior.\\nAmong all those classes, who worship Jesus as a\\nGod, I see nothing of importance to prevent a\\ncordial union; and how happy would it be if all\\nthe Churches could unite, and send deputies to a\\ngeneral meeting of all denominations, c., c.\\nThis full account of the action of Synod in ref-\\nerence to this book, and this full description of it,\\nhave been given for very good reasons, which are\\nbriefly as follows\\nFirstly, inasmuch as the Synod authorized the\\nsecretary to write this book, had it examined by\\na committee, had adopted it without a dissenting\\nvoice, had it published at the expense of Synod,\\nhad it afterwards scattered in its congregations,\\nand generally circulated, the conclusion, there-\\nfore, is natural, that the Synod was perfectly satis-\\nlied with its contents, that the sentiments therein\\nexpressed were the sentiments of Synod at that\\ntime, and that all its ministers were united in the\\nfaith as therein exhibited.\\nSecondly, inasmuch as Revs. Philip Ilenkel and\\nJ. E. Bell composed two-thirds of the committee\\nto examine this book, and reported favorably,\\nhighly approving of its contents, branding the\\neleventh article of the Augsburg Confession as\\nconciliatory to the Roman Catholics, but no", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 435\\nlonger observed; that their faith and opinions in\\nregard to those doctrines and usages were in har-\\nmony at that time with those of Rev. Shober, its\\nauthor.\\nThirdly, inasmuch as Revs. David Henkel, Philip\\nIleukel and others of the then future Tennessee\\nSynod circulated this book by sale, up to the time\\nof their withdrawal from the North Carolina\\nSynod, it is but reasonable to conclude, that doc-\\ntrinal differences did not, at first, cause the divi-\\nsion in the Church in the years 1819 and 1820.\\nIn short, the fact is apparent that all the mem-\\nbers of Synod, with many of their forefathers before\\nthem, both in America and in the greater part of\\nGermany, had gradually departed from the pure\\nfaith as confessed by the Reformers.\\nSection 13. Tlie Convention which was called for the\\npurpose of organizing a General Synod.\\nOn the 19th of October, 1817, the Synod of\\nNorth Carolina convened at Pilgrim s Church,\\nDavidson County, N. C.\\nAt this synodical meeting it was resolved that,\\nowing to the prevalence of sickness during the fall\\nseason, the time when the meetings of Synod had\\nbeen generally held, the Synod hereafter shall be\\nconvened on Trinity Sunday of each year. This\\ntime of meeting was \u00e2\u0080\u00a2firmly fixed (vest gesetzt).\\nIt was also resolved that the next meeting of Synod\\nshall take place on Trinity Sunday of 1819; con-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "436 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsequently there was no meeting of Synod held in\\n1818, since that year s Trinity Sunday occurred\\nonly about seven months after the last meeting of\\nSynod; the next meeting was therefore postponed\\nto Trinity Sunday of 1819.\\nThis arrangement became the occasion of a\\nthreefold difficulty, namely nineteen months with-\\nout a meeting of Sj^nod was too long a time to in-\\ntervene for the welfare of the Church; many evils\\nmight have been prevented had a meeting of Synod\\ntaken place in 1818. Too many important inter-\\nests were intrusted to its care, and the Synod\\nshould have heeded the warning contained in\\nMatt. 13 25. Then again, the call from the Penn-\\nsylvania Synod to consult with that body, during\\nits session in Baltimore on Trinity Sunday of 1819,\\nabout the propriety of organizing a General Synod,\\npresented another difficulty, conflicting with the\\ntime of the meeting of the North Carolina Synod,\\nand occasioned no little trouble to arrange this\\nmatter properly. The third difficulty will become\\napparent in the next section of this book.\\nIn compliance with the call of the Pennsylvania\\nSynod, the North Carolina Synod was convened\\nsix weeks before the time appointed, on the second\\nSunday after Easter, as the following statement in\\nthe English minutes of Synod of 1819 fully ex-\\nplains.\\nThe cause of changing the time of meeting of\\nthe Synod from Trinity Sunday to this day was\\nexplained, namely that at the last Synod of the\\nLutheran ministry in Pcnnslvania, a general de-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 437\\nsire was expressed, if possible, to effect a more in-\\ntimate union with all the Synods of onr Church in\\nthe United States; which was officially communi-\\ncated by the officers of their Ministerium to our\\nsecretary, and in private letters from other reverend\\nsources. This information was then communicated\\nto ministers of our Synod, and particularly to our\\nreverend president, and all such who, in the vicin-\\nity, could be informed thereof, united in opinion,\\nthat towards a union of our Church in this exten-\\nsive country all possible assistance ought to be ren-\\ndered on our part. Eut as the Synod of Pennsyl-\\nvania and adjacent States was this year to meet in\\nBaltimore on Trinity Sunday, and the officers of\\ntheir last Synod had invited us to send a deputy\\nor deputies to the same the consideration whether\\nthis Synod would send deputies could not be post-\\nponed to the same day, and for that reason this\\nmeeting was called at this time. And after the\\nsaid letters from the reverend secretary, Endress,\\nof Lancaster, and the reverend president. Loch-\\nman, were read, this Synod unanimously approved\\nof our present meeting.\\nIt was further unanimously agreed that our\\nreverend president, with the consent of two or\\nthree ordained ministers residing in his vicinity,\\nis authorized to call a Synod, and to make other\\norders and reguhxtions which will not admit of\\ndelay; and which should be valid until the suc-\\nceeding meeting of the Synod.\\nThis would have all been well enough, if the\\nmatter which claimed their earlier attention had", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "438 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbeen urgent; also if the time of the meeting of\\nSynod had not been firmly fixed.\\nThat the question, concerning the establishment\\nof a General Synod, did not require speedy action\\nat that time is evident from the fact, that the meet-\\ning in Baltimore in 1819 was simply an annual\\nmeeting of the Pennsylvania Synod; where the\\nquestion was to be discussed as to the iwoyriety of\\norganizing a General Sj-nod it was certainly in-\\njudicious haste on the part of the North Carolina\\nSynod to disarrange its own Church afl:airs, merely\\nto send a deputy to a meeting of the Pennsylvania\\nSynod; at which meeting no steps could possibly\\nbe taken, except to discuss the question and call\\nfor a convention of delegates from all the Synods.\\nThe North Carolina Synod should have had more\\nrespect for its own legislation at its last meeting,\\nand let firmly fixed remain so, until reconsid-\\nered and changed at a regular meeting of Synod.\\nAfter deliberating on the manner how a de-\\nsirable union of the whole Church might best be\\nefiected, it appeared unnecessary to send more\\nthan one deputy at the beginning of an attempt\\ntowards a union because if one deputy of each\\nnow existing Synod was elected, they could form\\na constitution of our general Church, which would\\nthen be laid before the difiercnt Synods for accep-\\ntance.\\nAccording to this view, our secretary, Gottlieb\\nShober, was elected to attend the Synod at Balti-\\nmore, and, in the name of this Synod, endeavor to\\neftect such a desirable union.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 439\\n^Hesolved, thiit if he accedes to a constitution for\\nthe purpose of uniting our whole Church, and that\\nconstitution be in accordance with his instructions\\nreceived from this Synod, it be adopted by us;\\nbut if such constitution be not in accordance with\\nhis instrnctions, the same must first be communi-\\ncated to our next Synod and only then, if adopted,\\ncan it be binding upon us.\\nA committee to form instructions for our\\ndeputy was appointed, namely the Revs. Robert\\nJohnson Miller, Jacob Scherer, and Mr. Jonas\\nAbernathy. The committee afterwards reported,\\nand the instructions were considered, paragraph\\nafter paragraph, amended, and then unanimously\\napproved. These instructions were not published\\nin the minutes. Rev. Shober attended the meeting\\nof the Pennsylvania Synod in Baltimore, and\\nlabored with a committee of said Synod in pre-\\nparing a plan for the organization of a General\\nSynod; this plan was published for general distri-\\nbution among all the ministers and delegates of\\nthe several Lutheran Sjuiods in the United States,\\na copy of which is found reprinted in the minutes\\nof the Tennessee Synod of 1820, from which it is\\nseen that Rev. Shober was the onli/ delegate that\\nappeared upon the floor of the Pennsylvania Synod\\nfrom other Lutheran Synods.\\nThe next step, that was taken for the organiza-\\ntion of the General Synod, was the convention of\\ndelegates from the several Synods in October,\\n1820, at Hagerstown, Maryland, at which conven-\\ntion a constitution was adopted for the government", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "440 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nof the future General Synod. At this convention\\nfour Synods were represented, namely: The Penn-\\nsylvania, the North Carolina, the New York and\\nthe Maryland- Virginia Synod. The Ohio Synod\\nat first adopted the proposed Plan of the Penn-\\nsylvania Synod, but afterwards reconsidered its\\naction, and withdrew from the enterprise; the\\nTennessee Synod never became connected with\\nthe General Synod. The North Carolina Synod\\nelected Pevs. P. J. Miller, Peter Schmucker and\\nMr. John B. Harry as deputies to the convention\\nat Hagerstown, Maryland.\\nThe first session of the General Synod was held\\nin October, 1821, in Fredericktown, Maryland.\\nDelegates present from the North Carolina Synod\\nwere Revs. G. Shober and D. Scherer.\\nSection 13. The First Ruijture m the Lutheran\\nChurch in America^ and the subsequent forma-\\ntion of the Tennessee Si/nod, A.D. 1819 and\\nI 18P.0.\\nIt may be seen from the preceding sections, that\\ndissensions were beginning to arise in the Lutheran\\nChurch in the Carolinas. This state of things\\nmight have been expected, when ministers from\\nother denominations, still holding fast to their un-\\nLutlicran princi[ h s, were admitted as members of\\nthe Synod; and when no theological seminary was\\nestablished, in wliich the future ministers might\\nbe trained alike in the doctrines and usages of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 441\\nLutheran Church. Doctrinal clifierences were at\\nfirst not very apparent, except on the ordination\\nquestion however, it was perceptible, as early as\\n1816, that everything was tending towards a dis-\\nruption, and tliat only some occasion or circum-\\nstance was wanting to produce it.\\nThis event was not long delayed, for in the year\\n1819 the Synod of ]^orth Carolina held its sessions\\nsix weeks earlier than the appointed time, which,\\nwith the transactions of that meeting of Synod,\\nfurnished the occasion to rend the Church asunder.\\nThe persons who became the leaders in thi^\\ndivision were Rev. Gottlieb Shober, on the part\\nof the North Carolina Synod, and Rev. David\\nHenkel, on the part of the withdrawing party,\\nthat afterwards formed the Tennessee Synod.\\nRev. Shober was a man of decided opinions,\\nunyielding in everything which he considered\\nright, as may be seen from a sketch of his life in\\nthe Evangelical Review, vol. viii, pp. 412-414;\\nwith a mind that kiicw no dissimulation, a lofty\\nindependence, an ardent temper, and a character\\ndecidedly affirmative, he frequently experienced\\ndifiiculties, and encountered points other than\\npleasant, in his pilgrimage through life, and which\\na disposition more pliant could have averted.\\nThe lineaments of his countenance gave indica-\\ntions of a strong and active mind. He was one\\nof the most active defenders of (the) General\\nSynod, as he had also been prominent among its\\nearly founders. But Rev. Shober was no Lu-\\ntheran, he was a member of the Moravian Church,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "442 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n1 and never disconnected himself from communion\\nwith the same; he lived and died as a member of\\nthat Church, This information the writer received\\nfrom his own daughter, the widow of Bishop Herr-\\nman. He merely served the Lutheran Church in\\nthe capacity of one of its ministers, being the pas-\\ntor of several neglected Lutheran congregations\\nin the vicinity of his place of residence, Salem,\\n1 IT. C. It may be readily perceived that no com-\\npromise could be expected on his part, in the\\ndifficulties which distracted the Lutheran Church\\nat that time.\\nFirm as was the Rev. G. Shober, he found his\\nequal, in that respect, in Rev. David Ilenkel, who,\\nthough a young man then, was equally as decided\\nand unyielding in his opinions. He was a hard\\nstudent and well educated, not only in the German\\nand English languages, but also in Latin, Greek,\\nHebrew and Theology, all of which he had prin-\\ncipally acquired by private study and close appli-\\ncation. He was the best informed candidate for\\nthe ministry the North Carolina Synod had at that\\ntime, and wielded even then a considerable influ-\\nence in the Church. It is not to be supposed that\\nI lie would readily yield his opinions to others, or\\npermit himself to be led about at the will of even\\nthose who were older than himself, when he be-\\nlieved his cause to be just. In him the Tennessee\\nSynod had a champion who could not be easily\\novercome. He had a mind that was clear, active\\nand penetrating; he was quick in discerning an\\nadvantage, and not slow in making use of it.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 443\\nThese characteristics are gathered principally from\\nhis own writings.\\nThe difficulty was at first a personal one, and,\\nas admitted by the North Carolina Synod (English\\nminutes of 1820, p. 6), errors had been committed\\non both sides; but it soon took a wider range; a\\nstrong opposition was created to the formation of\\nthe General Synod, and, in the heat of controversy,\\ndoctrinal difl:erences between the two opposing\\nparties became manifest, which widened the breach\\nah eady existing, and all attempts at reconciliation\\nduring the meeting of the North Carolina Sjmod,\\nwhich convened in Lincolnton, N. C, May 28th,\\n1820, proved unavailing.\\nOn the 17th of July of tlie same year, Revs. I\\nJacob Zink, Paul Henkel, Adam Miller, Philip\\nHenkel and George Easterly, with delegates from\\nthe Tennessee congregations, met in Solomon s\\nChurch, Cove Creek, Green County, Tennessee,\\nand organized the Tennessee Synod. Rev. David\\nHenkel could not attend this meeting, but ac-\\nknowledged himself a member of the new organi-\\nzation. The separation between the two contend-\\ning parties was now fully efi ected, and both Synods\\nlabored industriously in their owai selected spheres\\nof usefulness not, however, without considerable\\nopposition to each other, and the publication of\\ncontroversy.\\nAlthough divisions in the Church are always to\\nbe dreaded, and, except in cases of doctrinal dif-\\nferencesj always to be avoided, nevertheless, when\\nthey do occur, they sometimes efiect good in vital-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "444 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nizino; dormant energ-ies, and in re-establishino- the\\npure faith of the Gospeh Such was the case in\\nthis division; it increased the number of minis-\\nters, it provided for the wants of so many neg-\\nlected congregations, it made ministers and lay-\\nmen all the more energetic, zealous and faithful\\nin the discharge of their duties, and it resulted\\nin an enlarged increase in the strength of the\\nChurch.\\nBut God made use of this division in the Church\\nin accomplishing a special purpose for the welfare\\nof the Lutheran Church in America:\\nFirstlr/, In attracting attention once more to the\\npure doctrines of the Lutheran Church, as con-\\nfessed by the early Reformers, and in awakening\\ninquiry into those truths, which the symbols of the\\nLutheran Church exhibited. So gradual and 3 et\\nso sure were the departures from the confessed\\nfaith of tlie Church, as well as the assimilation to\\nthe teachings and practices of other denomina-\\ntions, that for a long time it awakened no alarm,\\nand but a learned few had any idea of what the\\nfaith of the Lutheran Church was; admirers of\\nLuther there were in abundance, even among\\nother denominations, but very few knew anything\\nof the secret Avhich made Luther the conscientious,\\nfearless and zealous man that he was. Multitudes\\nadmired Luther s energy and labors, but they\\nknew little of the faith which actuated his labors,\\nand of the doctrines upon which that faith was\\nbased. Had they known it and experienced it\\nthemselves, more would have been accomplished", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 445\\nat that time in the Lutheran Church in America,\\nand divisions would not have occurred; then also\\nthere would have been less manifest desire to unite\\nall denominations into one Church, but a stronger\\ndesire to advance the interests of that Church, to\\nwhich God has given a peculiar field of labor.\\nSecondhj, By means of this division the symbols\\nof the Lutheran Church were translated into the\\nEnoflish languao;e. This was a want that had long,\\nbeen felt, but before that time no one possessed\\nthe patience and energy to apply himself to the\\ntask. There was an abundance of anxious desire\\nmanifested by some to make the Lutheran Church\\nin America an English, as well as a German\\nChurch, but no anxiety manifested itself to an-\\nglicize the faith of the Lutheran Church, that is,\\nto translate its confessions and theology into the\\nEnglish language. All honor then to the Ten-\\nnessee Synod for undertaking this work, which\\nhas accomplished more in preserving the faith of\\nour fathers in this country than any similar under-\\ntaking in the English language.\\nThirdli/, The Lutheran Church in America has\\nhad its publication boards and societies in abun-\\ndance, which have doubtless accomplished a good\\nwork; but the oldest establishment of the kind is\\nthe one in [N ew Market, Virginia, which dates its\\nexistence as far back, at least, as 1810, for the\\nminutes of the North Carolina Synod were printed\\nthere at that time. It was established by the\\nHenkel family, and has continued under their\\nmanagement to this day; at the time of the divi-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "446 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nsion ill the Lutheran Church in Korth Carolina,\\nit came at once into the service of tlie Tennessee\\nSynod, and has issued more truly Lutheran theo-\\nlogical works in an English dress than any similar\\ninstitution in the world. We may well say, What\\nhath God wrought? How imperceptible have\\nbeen his purposes! IIow brightly they shine forth\\nnow!\\nCHAPTER V.\\nFROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TENNESSEE SYNOD\\nTO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE THEOLOGICAL\\nSEMINARY AT LEXINGTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, A.D.\\n1833.\\nSection 1. A Glimpse into the Histonj of some of the\\nolder Congregations.\\nSt. John s Lutheran Church, Charleston, S. C.\\nNothing contributes more to the prosperity of a\\ncongregation than the voice and presence of a liv-\\ning and faithful ministry; the want of an efficient\\nand useful pastor for the short time of only one\\nyear is of incalculable injury to any church, not\\nthat the building up of a congregation is the work\\nof man, but that Christ has so ordained, that pas-\\ntors should watch over and feed the flock of God.\\nDisarrange the relationship between pastor and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 447\\npeople, and no promise is given that a congrega-\\ntion will be blessed. The voice of a living minis-\\ntry must be heard the faith of a people is built\\nup by the preached word and the administered\\nsacraments.\\nThis was also exemplified in the Lutheran\\nChurch in Charleston. Before the arrival of their\\npastor, the Rev. John Bachman, in 1815, the con-\\ngregation had greatly declined, but from that time\\nit commenced to improve, and soon enjoyed a high\\nstate of prosperity. Their new pastor possessed\\nthe confidence of his people and of the community\\nat large, and was peculiarly fitted for the work\\nintrusted into his hands.\\nThe small wooden church erected in colonial\\ntimes, soon became tilled with devout worshipers,\\nand became too small to accommodate the grow-\\ning congregation. The commanding attain-\\nments, and the attractive geniality and social\\nhabits of the new pastor, won so rapidly the ad-\\nmiration and esteem of his good people and the\\npublic, that the erection and dedication of the\\npresent handsome temple became almost at once\\na matter of necessity.\\nA committee of twenty-one was appointed to in-\\nquire into the expediency of building a new church,\\nwho reported favorably, and in July, 1815, Mr. F.\\nWesner s contract for the wood work of the edi-\\nfice, and Mr. J. F. H. Horlbeck s for the brick\\nwork, Avere accepted. The new building was\\ndedicated on Sunday, January 8th, 1818, by the\\nRev. John Bachman.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "448 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nGod blessed the labors of bis servant, and made\\nhim a shining light in the Church, laboring in\\nharmony with his brethren, and accomplishing\\nmuch good. A few years after his arrival in\\nCharleston, Rev. Bachman connected himself by\\nmarriage with the family of a former and greatl}\\nbeloved pastor of this congregation, the Rev. J.\\nN Martin, whose son s daughter became the new\\npastor s partner in joy and sorrow, and thus were\\nthe past and present happily linked together, and\\nall circumstances, together with the pastor s unre-\\nmitting and appreciated labors, contributed to the\\ngrowth and prosperity of the congregation.\\nSt. John s Church, Salisbury, N. C. In the year\\n1818, whilst the Episcopalians were worshiping in\\nthis church, they made the proposition to erect a\\nnew frame church, the old log building being\\ngreatly out of repair. The members of the Lu-\\ntheran Church agreed to this proposal, and also\\naided in the building of the new house of worship.\\nHowever, this arrangement gave rise to serious\\ndifficulties; as soon as the new church was com-\\npleted, the question of its dedication arose, and the\\nLutherans were fearful that, if the church would\\nbe consecrated by a bishop of the Episcopal\\nChurch, they would forfeit their right and title in\\nthe property. And thus it was, whilst the Lu-\\ntherans claimed the land on which the church\\nstood, the Episcopalians claimed the building.\\nWhose then was the church Who had the right\\nto worship there These questions seriously agi-\\ntated the minds and feelings of both parties; but", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 449\\nbefore any very decisive hostile steps were taken,\\nand in order to efi ect a compromise, the Lutherans\\nagreed to purchase the interest in tlie buikling to\\nwhich the Episcopalians hiid claim, gave their\\nbond in the meantime for the amount agreed\\nupon, and afterwards raised the funds by sub-\\nscription to hquichite tlie debt.\\nIn August, 1822, the President of the North\\nCarolina Synod, liev. G. Shober, sent a written\\ncommunication to the members of the Lutheran\\nChurch in Salisbury, which was publicly read to\\nthem. It is herewith inserted in order to show\\nthe sad state of this congregation at that time.\\nRespected Friends, Members of the Lutheran\\nChurch by Birthright or otherwise:\\nBeing appointed by the Lutheran Church in\\nour last Synod, President of the same for one year,\\nI regard it as being part of m} duty during the\\nrecess of tlie Synod, to have a constant eye towards\\nthe preservation of the same in all its rights, priv-\\nileges and possessions, and to encourage the re-\\nvival of former congregations.\\nI am convinced, by the reading of tlie deed of\\nconveyance from Mv. Beard, deceased, to our\\nChurch, for a lot of ground, near or in Salisbury,\\nwhere the church now stands, that we have an\\nundoubted rigiit for the same; that there was, for\\nmany years, regular service performed by the Rev.\\nSenior Stork, is well known, and it only abated\\n38", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "450 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\non account of bis disabilit} to attend. It is my\\nopinion that we, as a Church, are acting disrespect-\\nfully to the donor of the lot and to his heirs, who,\\nby that deed, are expressly charged to protect us\\nin the right and privileges of the same, and that it\\nis a dereliction of duty in the members of our\\nChurch not to preserve the lot and burying-ground,\\nparticularly for the interment of the heirs of the\\ndonor, and members of our Churcli and their de-\\nscendants, and also from being a general burying-\\nground.\\nI therefore beg leave to advise you noio to\\nelect elders and trustees, whose dut}^ it is, accord-\\ning to law, to preserve tlie property of the church\\nas trustees (particularly if the heirs of the donor\\ndecline acting as such), and also to give to them\\nthe necessary authority to regulate all external\\nthings according to the constitution and rules of\\nour Church.\\nI beg leave further to propose that if you agree\\nto revive a congregation according to our rules,\\nby appointing elders and trustees, to appoint a\\ntime when the church can be dedicated by our\\nministry and according to our form of woi ship,\\nwhen two or three ministers of our Church will\\nattend for that purpose; other preachers may also\\nbe invited to attend and to preach the v. ord, all\\nfor the purpose of causing a revival of true religion\\nfor our department of the Church of Christ, by\\nwhose Spirit alone it can through the word be\\nett ected. But it is to be observed that only such\\nLutheran ministers as are in union with our", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 451\\nSynod, and such who bring and show credentials\\nof being duly appointed in other States, can be\\nadmitted. The standing of each minister must\\nbe inquired into by the elders, who have the power\\nto admit or refuse.\\nIn expectation that the Lord will bless your\\nexertions for the revival of the congregation of\\nthe Lutheran Church,\\nI remain, your humble servant,\\nG. SlIOBER.\\nThis communication, sent by Rev. Shober to\\nthe remaining Lutherans of Salisbury, had the\\ndesired effect of once more rousing and encourag-\\ning them to action. On the 20th of September,\\n1822, the following articles, drawn up by Hon.\\nCharles Fisher, member of Congress, for the pur-\\npose of reorganizing the old Lutheran congrega-\\ntion, were sent around to the citizens of Salisbury\\nfor their signature:\\nSalisbury Lutheran Church.\\nWe, the subscribers, believing that the cause\\nof religion will be promoted by re-establishing the\\nLutheran congregation which formerlj^ existed in\\nthe town of Salisbury, and believing, moreover,\\nthat it is a sacred duty we owe to the memories of\\nour fathers and predecessors no longer to suifer\\nthe church and the graveyard where their bodies\\nare at rest to lie in neglect and disregard, do\\nherebj agree to unite our names and elforts to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "452 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe purpose of reviving the congregatiou, keeping\\nthe graveyard in decent order, and for other pur-\\nposes properly connected with a work of the kind.\\nWe further agree to meet at tlie church on such\\nday as may he fixed upon for the purpose of con-\\nsulting together upon such subjects as may be con-\\nnected witli the establishment and prosperity of\\nthe congregation.\\nDated and signed by\\nJohn Beard, Sr., John II. Swink,\\nCharles Fisher, Bernhardt Kreiter,\\nDaniel Cress, Lewis Utzmann,\\nPeter Crider, H. Allemong,\\nJohn Trexler, M. Bruner,\\nJohn Beard, Jr., John Allbright,\\nPeter H. Swink, Henry Swinkwag.\\nMoses Brown,\\nThrough the efforts of Mr. John Beard, Sr.,\\nthe devoted friend and firm member of the Lu-\\ntheran Church at that time, funds were collected\\nfor the purpose of inclosing the graveyard, which\\nhad long been neglected.\\nFor some time no regular pastor could be ob-\\ntained, and the energies of the members again lay\\ndormant until the year 1825, when brighter pros-\\npects dawned upon this neglected congregation,\\nand once more revived the hopes of its members.\\nA meeting of a respectal)le number of the citizens\\nof Salisbury and its vicinity was held in the church\\non the 3d of September, 1825, for the purpose of\\nadopting measures to reorganize a Lutheran con-\\ngregation John Beard, Sr., was called to the chair,\\nand Charles Fislier appointed Secretary.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 453\\nAfter due deliberation as to the best method\\nof accomplishing the object of the meeting, it was\\nunanimously resolved, that a committee of two per-\\nsons be appointed to draft an instrument of writ-\\ning, and offer the same for the signature of such\\npersons in the town of Salisbury and its vicinity\\nas are disposed to aid in the formation of a Lu-\\ntheran congregation in this place, either by becom-\\ning members of said congregation, or supporters\\nthereof. Messrs. John Beard and James Brown\\nwere accordingly^ appointed to compose said com-\\nmittee.\\nIt was further resolved, that a committee, con-\\nsisting of George Vogler and Robert Mull, be and\\nare hereby appointed to offer a subscription list to\\nthe good people of Salisbury and vicinity for the\\nsupport of a Lutheran clergyman for preaching\\npart of his time for one 3 ear in the town of Salis-\\nbur} The meeting then adjourned to meet again\\nthe following Monday.\\nCharles Fisher,\\nSecretary.\\nAt a subsequent meeting George Yogler was\\nappointed treasurer, and Henry C. Kern recording-\\nsecretary of this society. It was also resolved that\\na Bible be purchased and deposited in the church,\\nto be the property of the same forever. The\\nchurch council elected at this meeting were:\\nElders: Messrs. John Beard, Sr., George Vogler,\\nMoses Brown. Deacons Messrs. ISTathan Brown,\\nGeorge Fraley, and Henry C. Kern.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "454 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nIn the year 1826, the Rev. John Reck, having\\nreceived and accepted the call tendered him, be-\\ncame the pastor of this church; the number of\\ncommunicants at that time was but fourteen,\\nwhich, however, steadily increased under the faith-\\nful ministrations of their pastor, who was greatly\\nbeloved by the people, and through his zeal and\\nenergy accomplished much for his Master s king-\\ndom.\\nThe condition of this church under Rev. Reek s\\nministry in 1827 is stated in the minutes of the\\nJSTorth Carolina Synod, as follows: In Salisburj^,\\nwhere eighteen months ago there was no regularly\\norganized Lutheran congregation, there are now\\nthirty members in full communion and by the\\nactive measures of several respectable persons, a\\nlarge and commodious church has been purchased,\\nand a subscription raised to pay for it. In this\\nplace a lecture meeting is held once a week, which\\nis gcnerall} well attended, and not unfrcquontly\\nthe utmost solemnity pervades the audience. The\\npeople are liberal and attentive to the cause of be-\\nnevolence, and assist in supporting Bible, mission-\\nary, and other religious societies.\\nThus might this church have been greatly in-\\ncreased in strength, energy, and usefulness, but\\nRev. J. Reck, after having been its pastor for five\\nyears, felt it his duty to resign and return to Mary-\\nland, and after this time the congregation had\\nsuch a continued and rapid succession of minis-\\nters, besides having been at times also unsupplied\\nAvith the stated means of grace, as to be unable", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 455\\nto command the influence which the regular\\nministrations of a permanent pastor might have\\ngiven it.\\nSt. John s Church, Cabarrus Count}/, N. C. In the\\nlast account of this church, it was seen that the\\nRev. C. A. G. Stork was the pastor of this congre-\\ngation, but his health having become too feeble to\\nattend to the wants of so many churches, he intro-\\nduced the Rev. Daniel Scherer as his successor.\\nDuring a communion season in the spring of 1821,\\nwhen a large class of catechumens, numbering\\nseventy-seven persons, were confirmed, their aged\\npastor being present, but too feeble to stand dur-\\ning the ceremony, called all his catechumens to\\nhim, and gave them and the other members and\\nfriends of the church his last farewelL So affect-\\ning was the scene, that the whole of that vast as-\\nsembly were moved to tears, and long has the\\nserious lesson been remembered, which their aged\\npastor addressed to them at that time, whilst he\\nheld out his hand to each, and gave them his part-\\ning blessing.\\nRev. Daniel Scherer proved himself to have been\\nlikewise a faithful pastor. He was much beloved\\nby his people, and remained nearly ten 3 ear8 among\\nthem; however, during his ministry and for some\\ntime previous, a large number of persons from St.\\nJohn s and other Lutheran churches in North\\nCarolina settled themselves in Illinois Territor}-,\\nand their pastor s heart followed them to the wild\\nprairies of their newly-adopted country, and he\\nsoon cast his lot among them, and labored there\\nfor their spiritual good.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "456 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nOrgan Church., Rowan County, North Carolina.\\nAs Rev. Stork was the pastor of this congrega-\\ntion as well as that of St. John s, it had much the\\nsame history at this time. Rev. Daniel Scherer\\nalso became his successor here some two years\\nafterwards. Thirty-five years did Rev. Stork\\nlabor in this church, and with great success. It\\nwas the first congregation he served, and the last\\nhe resigned. He lived in favor with God and\\nman; his exam[)le and usefulness are still felt,\\nand his memory is cherished with afi:ection by all\\nwho knew him. During this period he baptized\\n1500 chihlren, and confirmed 1300 young people\\nin Organ Church alone, and probably as many\\nmore in the other churches under his charge.\\nAt length the feeble state of his health com-\\npelled him to resign this church also in 1823.\\nIlis successor labored here likewise with much suc-\\ncess, and had at one time probably the largest\\nclass of catechumens, numbering 83 persons, that\\nwere confirmed in this church, during a session of\\nthe North Carolina Synod at this place, in which\\nceremony their aged pastor took the deepest in-\\nterest.\\nRev. Scherer labored but six years in this con-\\ngregation. As he had the oversight of so many\\nchurches, he thought it advisable to resign some\\nportion of his charge into the hands of another\\nminister, in order to do justice to the cause of\\nChrist, and Rev. Jacob Kaempfer became his suc-\\ncessor in 1829.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 457\\nSection 9. Fraternal Union of the North Carolina\\nSynod with the Protestant Episcopal Convention\\nof North Carolina.\\nThe first step taken in this direction was Rev.\\nKobert J. Miller s attendance upon the Episcopal\\nConvention held in Raleigh, April 28th, 1821.\\nHis object was to connect himself fully with the\\nEpiscopal Church, to which he really belonged,\\nhaving been ordained by the Lutheran ministers\\nof North Carolina in 1794 as an Episcopal min-\\nister, and was the pastor of an Episcopal congre-\\ngation, White Haven Church, in Lincoln County,\\nbut because there was no Episcopal diocese at that\\ntime in the State, he was admitted as a member\\nof the Lutheran ITorth Carolina Synod at its or-\\nganization in 1803.\\nFrom the journal of the Episcopal North Caro-\\nlina Convention of 1818, the following item of in-\\ntelligence is taken: Previously to November,\\n1816, there was no Episcopal clergyman in this\\nState, and but one congregation in which the\\nworship of our Church was performed. That\\nhaving been the condition of the Episcopal Church\\nat that period, Rev. Miller felt it his duty to form\\na temporary connection with the Lutheran Church,\\nand continued to labor for her welfare twenty-\\nseven years, when in 1821 he severed that con-\\nnection, and was ordained in Raleigh to deacon s\\nand priest s orders in the Episcopal ministry in\\none day, Whilst in attendance at said Conven-\\n39", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "458 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntion, Rev. Miller proposed to efi ect, as far as\\npracticable, intercourse and union between the\\nEpiscopalians and some of the Lutheran congre-\\ngations. His proposition was referred to the\\nCommittee on the State of the Church, who after-\\nwards reported as follows:\\nA very interesting communication has this\\nsession been laid before the committee, on the\\nsubject of a union between that truly respectable\\ndenomination, the Lutherans, and our Church.\\nTo carry this measure into eifect, the committee\\npropose the following resolution:\\nHesolved, That a committee, consisting of three\\npersons, two clerical and one lay member, be ap-\\npointed to meet the Synod of the Lutheran Church,\\nto consider and agree upon such terms of union\\nas may tend to the mutual advantage and welfare\\nof both Churches, not inconsistent with the con-\\nstitution and canons of this Church, or the Protes-\\ntant Episcopal Church in the United States.\\nThe Convention then })roceeded to take into\\nconsideration the resolution pi oposetl by the com-\\nmittee, when it was adopted, and the Ilev. Adam\\nEmpie, Rev. G. T. Bedell, and Duncan Cameron,\\nEsq., were iippointed a committee to attend the\\nLutheran Synod, and to carry the resolution into\\neffect.\\nOn the 17th of June, 1821, the Lutheran iSTorth\\nCarolina Synod met in Lau s Church, Guilford\\nCounty, and from its minutes the following is\\nquoted:\\nThe President now reported that the Rev. R.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 459\\nJ. Miller, who had labored for many years as one\\nof our ministers, had been ordained by the Bisliop\\nof the Episcopal Church as a priest at a conven-\\ntion of that Church. That he had always regarded\\nhimself as belonging to that Church, but because\\nthe Episcopal Chui ch had no existence at that\\ntime in this State, he had himself ordained by\\nour ministry, with the understanding that he still\\nbelonged to the Episcopal Church. But as the\\nsaid Church had now reorganized itself (in this\\nState), he had united himself with it, and thus\\ndisconnected himself from our Synod, as was\\nallowed him at his ordination by our ministers.\\nRev. Miller then made a short address before\\nSynod and the congregation then assembled, in\\nwhich he distinctly explained his position, so that\\nno one should be able to say that he had aposta-\\ntized from our Synod, since he had been ordained\\nby our Ministerium as a minister of the Episcopal\\nChurch. He then promised that he would still\\naid and stand by us as much and as far as lay in\\nhis power.\\nWith this explanation the whole matter was\\nw^ell understood by the entire assembly, and was\\ndeemed perfectly satisfactory. Whereupon it was\\nresolved that the president tend to Rev. Miller\\nour sincere thanks, in the name of the Sj nod, for\\nthe faithful services he had hitherto rendered our\\nChurch. This was immediately done in a feeling\\nmanner.\\nAfter this a letter was read from Rev. Bishop\\nMoore, addressed to our Synod, in which he re-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "460 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nported to us, that a committee was appointed by\\ntheir Convention to attend our Synod, with the\\nview of making an eiFort towards a more intimate\\nunion between our respective bodies, whereupon\\nthe members of that committee presented them-\\nselves, and submitted their credentials. Their\\nnames are, Revs. Adam Empie, G. T. Bedell, and\\nDuncan Cameron, Esq. They were all afiection-\\nately received, and the following committee was\\nappointed b} our Synod to confer with our visit-\\ning brethren what possibly might be done towards\\na more intimate union, namely: Revs. G. Shober,\\nMichael Ranch, and Henry Ratz, Esq. The\\nnext day the following report was submitted and\\nadopted\\nThe committee of the Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch of JSTorth Carolina, and the committee on\\nthe part of the Lutheran Synod of North Caro-\\nlina and adjacent States, having conferred on the\\nsubject of their respective appointments, have\\nagreed on the following articles:\\nT. Hesolved, That we deem it expedient and\\ndesirable that the Lutheran Synod and the Protes-\\ntant Episcopal Church of North Carolina should\\nbe united together in the closest bonds of friend-\\nship.\\n11. Resolved^ Tiiat for this purpose we will\\nmutually make such concessions as may not be\\ninconsistent with the rules and regulations of our\\nrespective Churches, for the purpose of promoting\\na friendly intercourse.\\nIII. Mesolved, That the Conveutiou of the Prot-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 461\\nestaiit Episcopal Church may send a delegation of\\none or more persons to the annnal Synod of the\\nLutheran Church, which person or persons shall\\nbe entitled to an honorary seat in that body, and\\nto the privilege of expressing their opinions and\\nvoting in all cases except when a division is called\\nfor; in which case they shall not vote.\\nIV. Resolved, That the Lutheran Synod may,\\nin like manner, send a deputation to the Conven-\\ntion of the Protestant Episcopal Church, who in\\nall respects shall be entitled to the same privileges.\\nV. Resolved, That all the ministers of the Luth-\\neran Church in union with the Synod shall be en-\\ntitled to honorary seats in the Convention of the\\nProtestant Episcopal Church and the clergymen\\nof the said last-mentioned Church shall, in like\\nmanner, be entitled to honorary seats in the Synod\\nof the Lutheran Church.\\nThe committee respectfully recommend to the\\nConvention of the Protestant Episcopal Church,\\nand to the Synod of the Lutheran Church the\\nadoption of the foregoing resolutions.\\nG. Shober,\\nMichael Rauch,\\nHenry Ratz,\\nCommittee of the Lutheran Synod.\\nA. Empie,\\nDuncan Cameron,\\nCommittee of the Protestant Episcopal Church.\\nThe report was adopted by Synod, and the fol-\\nlowing persona were elected to attend the next", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "462 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nConvention of the Episcopal Church: Revs. Gr.\\nShoher, Jacob Scherer, and Henry Ratz, Esq.\\nAt the next Convention of the Episcopal Church,\\nheld in Raleigh, April 18th, 1822, the following\\naction was taken in reference to this matter.\\nThe Rt. Rev. President of the Convention then\\nread a letter from the Rev. Mr. Shober on the same\\nsubject, after which it was moved that the report\\nbe received, which was unanimously agreed to;\\nit w as then\\nResole cd, that the Secretary be required to ad-\\ndress a letter to the President of the Lutheran\\nSynod, informing him of the unanimous adoption\\nof the above report.\\nThe following delegation to the Lutheran\\nSynod was then appointed Rev. Messrs. Miller,\\nDavis, and Wright, of the clergy; Messrs. Alex-\\nander Caldcleugh, Duncan Cameron, and Dr. F.\\nJ. Hill, of the laity.\\nAt the next meeting of the North Carolina\\nSynod, three of the above delegation, the Rev.\\nR. J. Miller, the Rev. R. Davis, and Alexander\\nCaldcleugh, Esq., appeared, were welcomed, and\\ntook their seats with us.\\nOn information that the Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch will hold their next annual Convention for\\nNorth Carolina in Salisburv, on the second Thurs-\\nday after Easter, in the year 1823, the following\\npersons were elected to attend the same, and there\\nrepresent the Synod, namely the Rev. G. Shober,\\nthe Rev. Daniel Scherer, General Paul Barringcr,\\nand Colonel Ratz. All of these delegates ap-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 463\\npeared at said Convention and attended its\\nsessions.\\nAfter the year 1823 nothing more appears con-\\ncerning the fraternal relations of these two eccle-\\nsiastical bodies, although this bond of friend-\\nship does not appear to have been revoked,\\nnevertheless, the interchange of delegates, being\\nattended with some difficulty in those days of\\ntraveling by private conveyance, fell practically\\ninto disuse.\\nSection 3. Rev. John Bachinan s labors m Savannah\\nand Ebenezer., Georgia.\\nAlthough a sketch of the Lutheran Church in\\nthe State of Georgia does not strictly belong to\\nthe history of the same Church in the Carolinas,\\nnevertheless, as one of the Lutheran ministers ot\\nSouth Carolina visited Georgia, with the view of\\nreorganizing and infusing new life into several\\nlong-established Lutheran congregations of that\\nState, it is but proper that an account of his effi-\\ncient labors in this direction should not be passed\\nby unnoticed.\\nRev. Bachman having been informed that at\\none time two Lutheran congregations had been\\nestablished in Georgia, at Ebenezer and Savannah,\\nby the Salzburgers, who commenced emigrating\\nto Georgia in 1733, and arrived there in March,\\n1734, he felt a desire to become more intimately\\nacquainted with the condition of those churches.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "464 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nDaring one of the winter months of 1823-4, Rev.\\nBachman journeyed to Savannah as a pioneer\\nin our holy cause, and discovered thataLutheran\\nchurch had been erected in that city some time\\nbefore the Revolutionary War, but that it was\\nburnt down in 1797. The congregation in Charles-\\nton, S. C, had contributed $500 towards rebuild-\\ning it, but nothing was done towards keeping up\\nthe congregation it had no pastor, and became\\ngradually disorganized; the small building, erected\\nas a Lutheran church, was occupied as a Sunday-\\nschool by another denomination, and had been\\nsequestered for many years. The prospects were\\ncertainly not bright, and a few more years of neg-\\nlect would have extinguished the name of Lu-\\ntheranism in Savannah. Rev. Bachman s visit was\\nnot one moment too soon; by means of his well-\\ndirected and energetic labors a congregation\\nwas organized from the materials which could be\\ncollected, and, about a month after this event,\\nRev. S. A. Mealy came to reside in Savannah,\\nas the pastor of that congregation. He was a\\nclergyman who had been raised up in the Lu-\\ntheran Church in Charleston, and received his\\ntheological training from Rev. Bachman, whom\\nhe acknowledged as his spiritual father. From\\nthat time forward the Lutheran congregation in\\nSavannah commenced to prosper, under the effi-\\ncient labors of a succession of pastors, two of whom,\\nRevs. Mealy and Karn, have been called to their\\nrest.\\nRev. Bachman having completed his labors in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 465\\nSavannah, now also determined to extend his\\nvisit toEbenezer, for he had learned that, though\\na Lutheran congregation still existed in that place,\\nits aged pastor was fast sinking into the grave.\\nThis pastor was the Rev. John E. Bergman, a\\nnative of Germany, and the learned and exemplary\\nminister of this church for tlie long period of\\nthirty-six years. He had a son, who had devoted\\nhimself to the work of the Gospel ministry, named\\nRev. Christopher F. Bergman, whohad received\\na classical education, and had carefully attended\\nto his theological studies, under the care of his re-\\nvered and excellent parent, and was well qualified\\nfor the ministry but not being aware that Lu-\\ntheranism had any existence in the South, he had\\ntaken license to preach the Gospel under the\\nauspices of the Presbyterian Church.\\nThis was the source of the most unfeigned\\nregret, both to his father and his father s congre-\\ngation. The latter was fully aware, that from the\\nincreasing age and infirmities of their venerable\\nand esteemed pastor, they would soon have to\\nresign him to the grave, and their eyes were\\ndirected without hesitation to the son as his suc-\\ncessor. This wish was extremely natural. The\\nson had been educated for the ministry, and was\\npossessed of the most exemplary piety; and hav-\\ning been born and raised in their neighborhood,\\nand under their own immediate eye, he would be\\nas a son to the aged, and a brother to the younger\\nparishioners. This fondly cherished hope, how-\\never, was nearly crushed, when an event of Provi-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "466 THE LUTHEUAN CHURCH\\ndence occurred, wliicb brightened the scene around\\nthem.\\nThis event was the opportune arrival of Rev.\\nJohn Bachnian on a visit to Ebenezer. His dis-\\ncerning mind soon penetrated the difficulty under\\nwhich the younger Bergman labored, and was\\nmade the instrument, in the hands of God, of\\ngiving a new direction to Rev. C. F. Bergman s\\ntheological views, of securing his belief in the\\ndoctrines, and his attachment to the institutions\\nof our beloved Church, and of cheering the last\\nhours of a venerable servant of Jesus Christ.\\nToo much cannot be said in praise of Rev.\\nBachman s judicious labors in Ebenezer. The\\nelder Bergman had probably not seen the face of\\na Lutheran minister for a number of years; how\\nit must have brightened his last hours of life to\\nhave Rev. Bachman standing at his bedside ere\\nhe departed this life, and to welcome him as God s\\ninstrument in leading his son back to the Church\\nof his fatbers. lie could now die in peace, for his\\neyes had seen what he no longer expected to see\\n0!i earth. And what a blessing was this visit to\\nthe Ebenezer congregation also; it was not only\\nsaved to the Lutheran Church, but it was also\\nprovided with a Lutheran pastor, and he the one\\nwhom the members preferred above all others.\\nIt is necessary yet to add, that the Rev. C. F.\\nBergman attended the meeting of the newly organ-\\nized Synod of South Carolina, held in St. Jolm s\\nCiiurch, Lexington District, November 18th, 1824,\\nwhere he was solemnly ordained to the Gospel", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 467\\nmiiiistiy by the Rev. Messrs. Bachman, Ilersher,\\nand Drelier.\\nAll these items of intelligence, concerning Rev.\\nBachman s labors in Georgia, have been mainly\\nderived from Rev. Mealy s Funeral Sermon\\noccasioned by the death of Rev. C. F. Bergman,\\npublished in Savannah, A.D. 1832.\\nSection J^. Organization of the Lutheran Synod of\\nSouth Carolina^ A.D. 1824-\\nThe time had now arrived, when the number of\\nministers made it possible, and the wants of the\\nChurch made it necessary, to organize a Lutheran\\nSynod in South Carolina; accordingly, on the\\n14th day of January, 1824, the following clergy-\\nmen of the Evangelical Lutheran Church met at\\nSt. Michael s Church, Lexington District, S. C,\\nwith the intention of organizing a Synod for South\\nCarolina and adjacent States, namely: Revs. John\\nP. Franklow, John Y. Meetze, Godfrey Dreher,\\nMichael Rauch, Jacob Moser, all residing in Lex-\\nington District, and Rev. Samuel Hersher from\\nOrangeburg District, S. C.\\nThese ministers were members of the North\\nCarolina Synod; those residing in Lexington Dis-\\ntrict have already been introduced to the reader.\\nThe Rev. Samuel Hersher had become connected\\nwith that Synod only since 1822; he was a student\\nof Rev. Mr. Meierhoffer, of Rockingham County,\\nVirginia, and recommended by him as worthy to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "468 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nbecome a member of Synod. He was accordingly\\nexamined, licensed, and sent by the North Caro-\\nlina Synod to labor in the vacant congregations of\\nOrangeburg District, S. C.\\nAfter due consideration, the ministers present\\nunanimously resolved, that the situation and\\nwants of the Evangelical Lutheran churches in\\nSouth Carolina require that a Synod be now\\norganized.\\nRev. G. Dreher was then elected President, and\\nRev. S. Hersher, Secretary. The first item of\\nbusiness was the ordination of Rev. S. Hersher.\\nFive lay delegates now handed in their certificates,\\nand were admitted as members of Synod.\\nRev. John C. A. Schonberg, a licentiate of the\\nPennsylvania Synod, presented his license with\\nthe request to have it renewed, which was accord-\\ningly done on the next day.\\nOn motion, it wjis resolved, that the Augsburg\\nConfession of Faith be the point of union in our\\nChurch.\\nIt was resolved, that the Revs. G. Dreher, S.\\nHersher, and M. Ranch be nominated a committee,\\nfor the purpose of entering into a friendly corres-\\npondence with the North Carolina Synod.\\nOn the 18th of ISTovember of the same year, the\\nSouth Carolii\\\\a Synod met at St. John s Church,\\nLexington District, at which meeting eight Lu-\\ntheran ministers were present, and two. Revs.\\nFranklow and Mealy, were absent. Revs. Bach-\\nman, Bergman, and Mealy were added to the list\\nof members of Synod, and nine lay delegates were", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 469\\nadmitted as representatives from the various con-\\ngregations.\\nIt was reported to Synod that Rev. Jacob Moser\\nhad been ordained by the committee appointed by\\nSynod, on the 4th of April and that on the 20th\\nof May, Revs. Dreher, Franklow, and Hersher had\\nordained the Rev. Stephen A. Mealy. Rev. C. F.\\nBergman was ordained at tliis meeting of Synod.\\nThe l^ew York English Lutheran Hymn book was\\nrecommended to be introduced by the ministers\\ninto their cliurches.\\nThe most interesting item of information, con-\\ntained in the minutes of that synodical meeting, is\\nthe report of the committee on the State of\\nthe Church, which is as follows\\nThere are in the State of South Carolina\\ntwenty-four Evangelical Lutheran churches, and\\nin the State of Georgia, two. Of those in South\\nCarolina, one is in Charleston, under the care of\\nRev. J. Bachman, having 275 communicants.\\nThree under the care of Rev. S. Hersher, having\\n380 members. Six under the care of Revs. J. Y.\\nMeetze, J. P. Franklow, and G. Dreher, having\\n260 members. Four under the care of Rev. M.\\nRanch, having 380 members. Four under the\\ncare of Rev. J. Moser, having 136 members.\\nOf those in the State of Georgia, one is in\\nSavannah, under the care of Rev. S. A. Mealy,\\nhaving 35 families. One at Ebenezer, under the\\ncare of Rev. C. F. Bergman, having 130 members.\\nSix churches are vacant in South Carolina, and\\ntwo or more congregations might be formed in the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "470 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nState, if Lutheran clergymen could be obtained.\\nThe number of communicants in our churches has\\nconsiderably increased, and that, on the whole,\\nthere are some flattering prospects in our Church.\\nThe committee lamented that whilst the har-\\nvest is plenteous, the laborers are few.\\nSection 5. Removals to the West, and Missionary\\nLabors of the North Carolina Synod in Illinois\\nand other States.\\nAllusion has already been made to the vast emi-\\ngration from the State of JSTorth Carolina to other\\nnew States and Territories. This drain upon the\\nstrength of the Lutheran Church in North Caro-\\nlina continued for many successive years; colo-\\nnies from St. John s Church, Cabarrus County,\\nand from the neighboring congregations, may be\\nfound in most of the Northwestern States, as well\\nas in Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. By\\nmeans of this extensive colonizing in new coun-\\ntries, the labors and influence of the early pastors\\nin North Carolina are felt over a much greater\\nextent of country than what is included in the\\nboundaries of the congregations they served.\\nFor a long time those Western colonies Avere\\ndestitute of the means of grace; they naturally\\nlooked to the Synod of North Carolina, under\\nwhose fostering care they had been brought up in\\nthe Church of their fathers, to be supplied with\\npastors.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 471\\nAt a meeting of the Synod in 1825 an urgent\\ncall came from Union Count} Illinois, signed by\\nforty-three persons, for a pastor or missionary who\\nwould be able to preach in the German and Eng-\\nlish languages, establish schools, and labor for the\\nwelfare of the Church. They furthermore de-\\nclared, that if their spiritual wants be not soon sup-\\nplied, the consequences to them and their children\\nwould be very injurious.\\nThe letter was read in open Synod, and the\\nSecretary was required to write to those congre-\\ngations in Illinois. Rev. Wm. Jenkins was then\\nrequested to visit those people, and a resolution\\nwas passed to send a letter to Rev. Samuel\\nSchmucker, beseeching him, if it be possible, to\\nhave a missionary sent to that State.\\nIn the minutes of the Synod of 1827, the Com-\\nmittee on Letters and Petitions presented the fol-\\nlowing:\\nNo. 11 contains a petition from three congre-\\ngations in Union County, Illinois, in which they\\ngive a mournful description of their destitute con-\\ndition pray that they may be visited by the Rev.\\nJacob Scherer, and, if he cannot comply with this\\ntheir request, that the Synod would send them\\nanother, and promise to give him an adequate sup-\\nport. Your committee would recommend these\\ncongregations to the particular notice of this\\nSynod, for if they are not soon supplied with a\\nminister, they will be dispersed.\\nWhereupon it was\\n^^Hesolved, That, as it is impracticable for the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "472 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nRev. J. Scherer to visit those petitioning congrega-\\ntions in Illinois, the Rev. John C. A. Schonberg\\nvisit them immediately, and, if practicable, to\\nlocate among them and that he receive ten dol-\\nlars out of the sjnodical treasury to defray the\\nnecessary traveling expenses to Illinois.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Schonberg accepted this appoint-\\nment of Synod, and moved to Illinois in 1827, and\\nthus the i^orth Carolina Synod has the honor of\\nsending the pioneer missionary of the Lutheran\\nChurch to that State. Rev. Schonberg labored\\nthere for several years, and continued his connec-\\ntion with the North Carolina Synod, when, in\\n1829, he wrote a letter to Synod, stating that in\\nconsequence of indisposition he has been necessi-\\ntated to resign his churches in Illinois.\\nAbout the close of the year 1831, the Rev.\\nDaniel Scherer, the successor of Rev. Storch as\\npastor of St. John s Church, Cabarrus County,\\nl!^. C, felt it to be his duty to remove to Illinois,\\nand succeeded Rev. Schonberg as pastor of the\\nLutheran congregations in Union County, Illinois.\\nIn 1833 he wrote a letter to Synod, containing\\nthe pleasing information of his success in forming\\na congregation in Hillsboro, Illinois, consisting of\\nthirty-five communing members.\\nProfessor Ilaverstick, of Philadelphia, who vis-\\nited Rev. I). Scherer and his congregations in\\n1835, during his exploring missionary tour in the\\nWest, having been sent by the Pennsylvania\\nSynod, speaks of the untiring labors of Rev.\\nScherer in the most exalted terms, mentions that", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 473\\nhe frequently travels 150 miles from home on\\nhorseback, in order to minister to the spiritual\\nwants of such colonies as are not included in his\\nown immediate charge, and this of necessity, in-\\nasmuch as he was the only resident Lutheran min-\\nister at that time in the entire State of Illinois.\\nRev. Scherer labored faithfully in that State to\\nthe close of his life, April 4th, 1852, and may\\njustly be considered the father of the Lutheran\\nChurch in Illinois.\\nRev. Wm. Jenkins, who became connected witli\\\\\\nthe jSTorth Carolina Synod in 1824, upon the rec-\\nommendation of Rev. D. F. Scliatfer, President\\nof the Maryland Synod, was sent the following\\nSeptember to the State of Tennessee, and labored\\nin the Lutheran congregations at Duck River,\\nwhere he was received with joy, and kindly\\ntreated. He formed additional congregations in\\nFranklin and Lincoln (counties, and reports liav-\\ning found a large settlement of Lutherans at Fau-\\ngunder Creek, near Jackson, who were anxious\\nto obtain a pastor. He further states: Since\\nlast Synod I have traveled 3000 miles on horse-\\nback, preached 175 times, baptized 84 chiklreu\\nand 14 adults, admitted to church membership\\n34 persons, and had 8 funerals. All these con-\\ngregations were admitted under the care of the\\nNorth Carolina Synod in 1825, and Rev. Wm.\\nJeid-cins was acknowledged as their pastor, having\\nlocated himself in Bedford Count} Tennessee,\\nserving ten congregations, where he was still\\nlaboring as a member of the JSTorth Carolina Synod\\n40", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "474 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nas late as 1835, when he connected himself with\\nsome other Synod, but did not remove from Ten-\\nnessee until 1854, when he became the pastor ot\\nthe Lovettsville charge, in Loudon County, Vir-\\nginia.\\nShortly after the year 1811, when Rev, R. J. Mil-\\nler was first sent on an exploring missionary tour\\nthrough the State of Virginia, all those Lutheran\\ncongregations, situated in the southwestern part\\nof Virginia, with their pastors, connected them-\\nselves, with but few exceptions, with the Korth\\nCarolina Synod so intimately were those churches\\nunited with that Synod, that five of its annual\\nsessions were held in the State of Virginia.\\nMuch missionary labor was devoted to that field\\nand with good results. Originally this territory\\nwas connected with the Pennsylvania Synod, and\\nthe Rev. Mr. Flohr was the first regular minister\\nwho labored there, but its contiguit} to North\\nCarolina brought it under the infiuence of the\\nSynod of that State, which arrangement was con-\\ntinued until the year 1842, when the Synod ot\\nWestern Virginia was formed.\\nSection 6. Bapid Progress of the South Carolina\\nSynod, and the Missionary Labors of Revs.\\nScheck, Schwartz, and W. D. Strobel.\\nAs soon as the South Carolina Synod was organ-\\nized it commenced to increase, and its infiuence was\\nextended rapidly; all the strength of the Lutheran", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "m HORTS AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 475\\nChurch in that State and Georgia became concen-\\ntrated, and the affairs of Synod were managed\\nwith wisdom and prudence. A desire was mani-\\nfested at once to labor earnestly and faithfully for\\nthe welfare of the Church, and everywhere success\\nattended the efforts of its ministers.\\nHowever, as there were still many vacant con-\\ngregations in the bounds of Synod, at its second\\nsession, in 1825, it was\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nResolved^ That the Secretary of this Synod be\\nrequested to write to the different Northern\\nSynods, and endeavor to ascertain wliether it may\\nnot be practicable to obtain well-educated Lu-\\ntheran ministers to supply our vacant churches,\\nor to labor as missionaries within the bounds of\\nthis Synod.\\nThis appeal was not made in vain. The next year\\nthe Rev. C. B. Wessells, a licentiate from the State\\nof New York, commenced his labors in South Caro-\\nlina. He opened a school at Leesville, Lexington\\nDistrict, and preached occasionally; but he soon\\ngave evidence of mental derangement, and re-\\nturned to the North. Li 1827, the Rev. John D.\\nScheck arrived from Maryland, and labored as the\\nfirst missionary in the bounds of the Synod.\\nFrom Rev. Bachman s congregation in Charles-\\nton, three useful and well-educated young men\\nentered the ministerial ranks, the Revs. S. A,\\nMealy, J. G. Schwartz and W. D. Strobel, and\\nfrom the interior congregations tbe Synod received\\nthree additional ministers in the Revs. J. Wingard,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "476 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nJ. C. Hope and Daniel Dreher. In this manner\\nwas the Synod greatly increased.\\nThe Rev. J. D. Scheck was employed by Synod\\nto make a missionary tour through the State for\\nthe purpose of organizing new congregations, and\\nalso to visit the vacant churches as much as possi-\\nble. He commenced his labors June 2d, 1827,\\nand the following extract from his journal was\\npresented by the committee:\\nHe labored one week at Amelia, preaching\\nevery day he represents those people as being\\nwealthy and respectable, and possessing the largest\\nchurch of any denomination in this part of the\\ncountry. After having preached at Sandy Run\\nand at Nazareth Churches, he labored at Lexing-\\nton Court-house. Near North Edisto River he\\nfound a number of Lutherans who are very desti-\\ntute of spiritual privileges, and have not heard a\\nsermon from any of our ministers for three years,\\nyet none have left our Church, though solicited to\\ndo so. They are now building a house of worship.\\nMr. Scheck also visited Edgefield, where he\\nfound many of our people who have not been\\nvisited for many years b}^ any of our ministers.\\nHe represents their condition as trulj- deplorable,\\nbut says that they are now buiUling a church, and\\nexpect to hear preaching from some of our ministers.\\nSunday, July 1st, he preached in Long Church,\\nwhere also the people were very desirous of ob-\\ntaining a Lutheran minister. On Monday, at\\nAviso s school-house (Newberry) here he found\\nthe people very destitute; but there are many", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 477\\npersons who would be members of our Church\\nimmediately, if su})plied with preaching. They\\nare both able and willing to build a place of wor-\\nship and support a minister.\\nOn Thursday, Mr. S. preached in the settle-\\nments of G. Egner to fine congregations, who hear\\ntlie word but once in three weeks from any de-\\nnomination. Many of our people here are wealth}\\nand desirous of obtaining a minister among them.\\nThey have already commenced the building of a\\nchurch. On the loth and 17th he preached in the\\ntwo churches in Barnwell District, both of which\\nare in a destitute condition, and have been so for\\nfive years. Some of the people have united them-\\nselves to other societies; they have resolved to\\nbring their destitute situation to our view, and\\nrequest us to send our ministers to preach to them\\noccasionally.\\nThe neighborhood of Myers, Rhinehardt s,\\nWise s, Peterbaugh and Egner s are entirely des-\\ntitute of the means of grace, and are loudly call-\\ning upon us in the words of the man of Macedonia,\\nCome over and lielp us.\\nFebruary 11th, 1828, the Rev. J. G. Schwartz\\nwas employed as a missionary, and the following\\ninteresting items are taken from his report:\\nI first visited a few Lutherans east of Broad\\nRiver, in the upper part of Richland District, who\\noccasionally hear preaching from the Rev. Mr.\\nDreher. The people of this neighborhood are\\nprincipallj descendants of members of our Church.\\nFrom this I passed over into Newberry, and", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "478 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\npreached twice in Mount Pleasant Church, owned\\nin part by Lutherans. There is here a line con-\\ngregation, and the people appear favorably disposed\\ntowards our Church. A neat and commodious\\nbuilding was about to be erected for the exclusive\\nuse of Mr. Scheck. He can preach there, how-\\never, but once a month.\\nFrom this I passed into Spartanburg, and\\npreached at the residence of a member of our\\nChurch; the house was full, and the people re-\\nmarkably attentive. Some of the Lutherans here\\nhave attached themselves to otlier denominations,\\nin consequence of the absence of their own. Six\\nmiles beyond the village I preached at the resi-\\ndence of a gentleman who had been brought up\\nto the Lutheran Church. lie informed me of\\nseveral families who, from similar circumstances\\nwith himself, had connected themselves with\\nother societies. I next preached at Spartanburg\\nCourt-house, where also there is a great call for\\nregular preaching. The day after, I preached at\\nthe house of a Lutheraji family below the village.\\nOn Good Friday I preached at Sandy Run\\nChurch. This place is common as a house of\\nAvorship to Lutherans, Baptists and Methodists.\\nRev. Mr. Wingard has the care of the Lutherans,\\nand ministers to them once a month. I subse-\\nquently passed through Chester, York, Lancaster,\\nChesterfield, Darlington, Sumter and Orange-\\nburg, and preached wherever I had an opportu-\\nnity. From all that has come to mj knowledge,\\nI have no hesitation in saying, that twelve or four-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 479\\nteen Lutheran ministers could find abundant em-\\nployment in this State. Descendants of Germans\\nare to be found in almost every part of the coun-\\ntry, and here I might deplore that prejudice which\\nhas so fatally operated, and in some places does\\nstill operate upon the minds of those who con-\\ntinue to minister to their people in the German\\nlanguage. I know it has been in part a matter\\nof necessity; but had those who removed from\\nGermany to this country endeavored to introduce\\nthe language of their adopted country, our Church\\nmight now, in all probability, nearly be equal to\\nthe united churches of other denominations.\\nDuring the greater part of the year 1830, the\\nRev. W. D. Strobel was engaged as a missionary,\\nand his labors were blessed wtth practical results.\\nSeveral important congregations were organized,\\nand the vacant churches greatly revived and\\nstrengthened. He reports as follows:\\nImmediately after receiving my appointment\\nin Savannah, I made it my business to visit the\\ncongregations designated for my care in the min-\\nutes of the Synod, to wit: St. JSTicholas, St. Bar-\\ntholomew s, and Erwin s, at the Saltketchers\\nMount Calvary in Edgefield; Brandenburg s, in\\nOrangeburg. In addition to these, I took under\\nmy care Nazareth, Lexington Court-house, Piatt\\nSprings, all in Lexington District. In all these\\nstations I have kept up regular appointments\\nduring the year, with the exception of Erwin s,\\nwhere I considered, after preaching some time,\\nthat there was no prospect of success.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "480 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nI have encoiirao:ed the con2:i e\u00c2\u00a3:ations to meet\\nat their churches on the Lord s day, and have en-\\ngaged their elders in reading sermons and other\\nreligious exercises. During the year we have suc-\\nceeded in building a church at Brandenburg s, to\\nbe known by the name of Shiloh. A large church\\nis in a state of forwardness at Lexington Court-\\nhouse, and that at Nazareth will soon be com-\\npleted. From the vicinity of so many members\\nof our Church, we expect that Lexington Court-\\nhouse Avill become one of the most important\\nstations.\\nThe above reports from Revs. Scheck, Schwartz\\nand Strobel have been very much abbreviated,\\nand only that much as has reference to the history\\nof the Cliurch has been given as literally as pos-\\nsible.\\nSection 7. Death of Bev. Charles A. G. Stoi-rh, in\\n1831^ and arrival of other Lutheran Ministers\\nin North Carolina.\\nIt is, as a matter of course, not expected to give\\na lengthy obituary- notice of every departed Lu-\\ntheran minister who labored in Korth or South\\nCarolina, but when such a prominent servant of\\nGod as the Rev. Charles Augustus Gottlieb Storch\\nis called l\\\\y death to his long rest, it creates a void\\nthat is not soon filled, and a wound so deep, how-\\never long the event may be expected, which is not\\nliealed in a short period of time. The last link\\nwhich bound the past with the present in the es-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 481\\ntablishment of Lutheranism in Kortli Carolina was\\nnow broken, and Rev. Storcli descended to his\\ngrave sadly lamented by all the members of his\\nentire pastoral charge, and his loss was deeply de-\\nplored by the whole Synod, of which he was one\\nof the early founders. He went to his grave with\\nthe highest honors upon his hoary head, as one of\\nthe fathers of the Lutheran Church in North Caro-\\nlina.\\nA notice of the funeral occasion of Rev. Storch,\\nin one of the secular papers, says: The deep and\\nunrestrained emotions of the assembly of his spir-\\nitual children at the grave of their departed friend\\nevinced the magnitude of their loss, and the ex-\\ntent of his worth.\\nFrom the minutes of the North Carolina Synod,\\ngiving a lengthy account of his life and labors,\\nthe following extract is made:\\nHe enjoyed the love of all his dear congrega-\\ntions; he refused sundry lucrative situations to\\nother cities out of love to his flock; and as soon\\nas a Synod of the Lutheran Church was formed in\\nNorth Carolina, he was annually elected Presi-\\ndent, whenever he could be present, and his nearly\\nthirtyrseven years service will remain in blessed\\nmemor3\\\\ Since a few years his sickness, which\\noften kept him in bed, compelled him to give up\\nhis congregations, but he always participated in\\nthe happiness and woe of the Church and his\\nformer flock by praises, prayer, sighing and tem-\\nporal assistance. The last days of his life were\\nvery painful, until his friend, Jesus, whom he\\n41", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "482 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nloved, took him to his eternal rest on the 27th of\\nMarch, 1831, where all weakness and trouhle are\\nhuried under his feet.\\nTwo funeral discourses were delivered at\\nSynod in remembrance of our venerable and lately\\ndeparted father, Charles A, Storch, to a numerous\\nand attentive audience. The German discourse\\nwas on John 12 36, by the Eev. G. Shober; the\\nEnglish by the Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller, on John\\n20 17.\\nThe following extract is taken from Dr. Hazelius\\nHistory of the American Lutheran Church, pp.\\n224-226\\nThe Church suflered a great loss in the de-\\nparture of Eev. C. A. G. Storch. His missionary\\ntours in South Carolina are still lield in grateful\\nremembrance by many, who through his instru-\\nmentality were first brought from darkness to\\nlight, and from the kingdom of Satan to the Hving\\nGod. As a man of science he was highly esteemed\\nby all Avho knew him in that respect. As a min-\\nister of the Gospel, he richly possessed the rare\\ntalent to create a deep interest for his subject in\\nthe well-informed, while he was fully understood\\nby persons of no education. As friend, husband,\\nand father, his remembrance will be cherished,\\nblessed, and honored, so long as one friend and\\none child lives, to feel what he was to them in\\nthese capacities in life.\\nDuring the last six years of his earthly exist-\\nence, bodily infirmities prevented him from attend-\\ning the services of the house of God, but still he", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 483\\ncheerfully embraced every opportunity to counsel\\nand comfort the afflicted. His last illness con-\\ntinued for nine weeks, and he frequently gave,\\nboth to his family and visiting friends, the assur-\\nance of his firm hope of eternal life, and of his\\ndesire that true piety and the religion of the heart\\nmight become general among mankind, and es-\\npecially that these blessings might be universal in\\nthe churches to whom he had administered the\\nword of life. He departed full of faith and hope\\nin his Redeemer.\\nIn the Evangelical Review, vol. viii, pp. 402 and\\n403, the following additional facts are stated:\\nHe was familiar with the Hebrew, Greek and\\nLatin, and it is said he could converse fluently in\\nfive or six diflt erent languages. Such was his\\nthirst for knowledge that he kept pace with the\\nimprovements of the age, and was constantly add-\\ning to his stores of information. His mind was\\nactive and discriminating, and so well disciplined\\nthat he had no difficulty in grasping any subject\\nthat claimed his attention. It is said his library\\nwas large and valuable, embracing quite a number\\nof distinguished German authors. Many of these\\nhe bequeathed to our Theological Seminary at\\nGettysburg, of which he was elected one of the\\nfirst directors, and in whose prosperity he always\\nmanifested a deep interest. The most of his\\nbooks are, however, in the possession of North\\nCarolina College, at Mount Pleasant, Cabarrus\\nCounty, K C.\\nRev. Samuel Rothrock, who succeeded him in", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "484 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\none of his churclies, writes: Mr. Storcli was\\ntrul} a man of God Many are yet living who\\nformerly sat under his preaching, in whose hearts\\nhe is sacredly embalmed, and who still cherish for\\nhim the most profound respect.\\nThe following inscription is engraved upon the\\ntablet in the adjoining God s acre of Organ Church,\\nwhich marks the spot where this useful servant of\\nthe Lord was laid down to rest: Sacred to the\\nmemory of the Rev. Charles A. G. Storch, Pastor\\nof the Evangelical Lutheran Church; who was\\nborn on the 16th day of June, A.D. 1764, and de-\\nparted this life on the 27th day of March, 1831.\\nAged 6Q years, 9 months and 11 days.\\nIn addition to those pastors laboring in Virginia\\nand retaining their connection with the North\\nCarolina Synod, namely, Kevs, Jacob Scherer and\\nDaniel J. Ilauer, who removed from North Caro-\\nlina to that State, and Revs. Martin Walther,\\nAndrew Seechrist and John P. Cline, the Synod\\nreceived a considerable accession to its ministerial\\nranks in Revs. Henry Graeber, Jacob Kaempfer,\\nWilliam Artz and David P. Rosenmiller, all of\\nwhom became connected with the Synod in 1828.\\nRev. Henry Graeber was for a number of years\\na member of the Lutheran Synod of Maryland and\\nVirginia, and lately accepted a call to Lincoln\\nCounty, N. C, where he preaches to six congre-\\ngations. The people there are generally liberal\\nin supporting the Gospel. As an evidence of this,\\na certain individual made a donation of fifty acres\\nof land to be appropriated as a parsonage, and a", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 485\\nconimodions house was built on it by the congre-\\ngation, where Rev. Mr. Graebor now lives.\\nThe Revs. Artz, Kaempfer, and Rosenmiller\\nwere three young men, who had completed their\\ntheological course of studies at the Seminary at\\nGettysburg, Pennsylvania, and came to labor in\\nE orth Carolina upon the recommendation of Pro-\\nfessor S. S. Schmuckisr. They were admitted at\\nonce as members of the Sjaiod. Rev. Artz took\\ncharge of the vacant congregations in Guilford\\nCounty; their pastor. Rev. Jacob Scherer, having\\nremoved to Virginia. Rev. Rosenmiller located\\nhimself in Lexington, the seat of justice in David-\\nson County, where he opened a classical school,\\nand attended to the duties of pastor among several\\nof the churches in the county, and the one lately\\nestablished in the village. Rev. Kaempfer became\\nthe pastor of Organ Church and some of the other\\ncontiguous congregations, made vacant by the re-\\nmoval of their pastor. Rev. Daniel Scherer, to the\\nState of Illinois.\\nSection 8. Principal Trcmsaciions of the Tennessee\\nSynod, from 1830 to 1833.\\nThe name of this Synod would indicate that its\\nlabors were confined to the State of Tennessee;\\nsuch is, however, not the case, as that Synod, like\\nsome other Lutheran Synods in this country, has\\nmany congregations in the States adjoining. Some\\nof these churches are located in North and South", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "486 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina, and hence the history of the Tennessee\\nSj-nod also belongs properly to the history of the\\nLutheran Church in the Carolinas.\\nAs stated before, the Tennessee Synod was\\norganized July 17th, 1820; at that meeting the\\nGerman language was made the business language\\nof Synod, and all its transactions were to be printed\\nin German.\\nAll articles of faith and practice, as well as all\\nbooks used in public worship, are to be arranged\\naccording to the doctrines of the IIol}^ Scriptures\\nand the Augsburg Confession.\\nTwo ranks of the ministerial office were ac-\\nknowledged, namely, Pastor and Deacon, both\\nof which requiring a separate ordination by the\\nimposition of hands. Only the pastors had the\\nright to perform all ministerial acts; the deacons\\ncould catechize, read a sermon to a congregation,\\nbury the dead, exhort, and, in case of necessity,\\nbaptize, provided no pastor can be obtained.\\nEach congregation had the right to send a dele-\\ngate to Synod, but the number of the lay-delegates\\nvotes was limited to the number of ministers pres-\\nent at Synod.\\nAt the fifth session of Synod, Rev. Nehemiah\\nBonham, of Tazewell County, A^irginia, an English\\nLutheran minister, with his congregations, was\\nadmitted as a member of Synod. Rev. Bonham\\nbecame an active worker in the Lord s vineyard,\\nand accomplished much good.\\nLi 1825 the minutes of Synod were printed also\\nin the English language. At that same meeting", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 487\\na memorial, subscribed by nine persons, was\\nhanded in, in which the Synod is requested to\\nmake another attempt to effect a union with the\\nministers of the ISTorth Carolina Synod; yet so,\\nthat the genuine Lutheran doctrine bo not thereby\\nsuppressed.\\nNovember 27th, 1825, Rev. PaulIIenkel departed\\nthis life at New Market, Virginia. lie had been\\nin the ministry forty-four years, and, at the time\\nof his decease, had arrived at an advanced age of\\nlife.\\nDuring the seventh session of the S^aiod, the\\nfollowing action was taken in reference to the\\ndifficulty respecting the English language. As\\nseveral members of this body do not understand\\nthe German language, and yet do not desire to\\nform a separate Synod, it was, therefore,\\n^^Besolved, that David Henkel should act as in-\\nterpreter to them; furthermore, that the business\\nof Synod shall be transacted in the German lan-\\nguage during the first three days, afterwards the\\nEnglish language shall be used.\\nAt the ninth session a new constitution was\\nadopted, and appended to the printed minutes.\\nRev. David Forrester was ordained at this session\\nto the office of a pastor, and several students of\\ntheology were, received under the care of Synod.\\nFrom the minutes of 1829, it is manifest that\\nthe Synod was extending its bounds and influence,\\nand through the labors of Rev. Bonham, Luther-\\nanism became known in Habersham and Carroll\\nCounties, Georgia. Rev. John L. Morkert, from", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "488 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nOhio, attached himself to the Synod, and Rev.\\nJohn K. Stirewalt was ordained to the pastoral\\noffice. A vote of thanks was presented to Dr.\\nSolomon ITenkel for his extra and benevolent\\nservices he has rendered this body from time to\\ntime, in printing the transactions, c,, of Synod.\\nIn 1831 the Rev. William C. Rankin, a licentiate\\nof the Presbyterian Church, and in good standing,\\nas seen from the records of Union Presbytery,\\nEast Tennessee, having adopted the principles of\\nthe Lutheran Church, and desiring to become one\\nof its ministers, was examined by a committee, and\\nrecommended for ordination. He was first admit-\\nted to full membership of the Lutheran Church by\\nthe rite of confirmation, and after having taken\\nthe solemn vows of a minister, he was ordained as\\npastor with prayer and imposition of hands.\\nThe same day Rev. Henry Goodman was or-\\ndained as deacon. During this year, on the 15th\\nof June, Rev. David Ilenkel departed this life,\\naged thirty-six years, one month, and eleven days.\\nHis remains were interred at St. John s Church,\\nLincoln County, N. C. As a youth of seventeen\\nyears he commenced to preach the gospel; he\\ndelivered his first sermon, November 1, 1812, at\\nSt. Peter s Church, in South Carolina. He was a\\ndiligent student, and searched deep into the truths\\nof divine revelation. Ho was the author of nine\\ndifferent publications, the most of which are of a\\ntheological character. He was asked on his death-\\nbed whether he remained steadfast in tiie doctrine\\nhe preached, to which he replied in the affirmative,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 489\\nand that he had no fear of death, His last words\\nwere O Lord Jesus thou Son of God receive\\nmy spirit. He left a wife and seven children to\\nmourn his loss.\\nDuring the years 1832 and 1833, nothing of any\\nspecial interest was transacted at Synod, except\\nthe ordination of Eev. H. Goodman to the pastoral\\noffice, and the withdrawal of Rev. W. C. Rankin\\nfrom Synod; whether he connected himself with\\nsome other ecclesiastical body is not stated.\\nAppended to the minutes there is an obituary\\nnotice of Rev. Philip Henkel, who departed this\\nlife October 9th, 1833, aged fifty-four years and\\nseventeen days. His remains were interred at\\nRichland Church, Randolph County, N. C. He\\nwas one of the first founders of the Lutheran Ten-\\nnessee Synod, and was thirty-three years and three\\nmonths in the ministerial office.\\nSection 9. Establishment of a Theological Seminary\\nin South Carolina^ under the Fivfessorshij) of\\njRev. John G. Schwartz, A.D. 1830.\\nThe first steps taken towards the establishment\\nof a Theological Seminary by the South Carolina\\nSynod, were sundry resolutions passed at the meet-\\ning of Synod held in Savannah, Georgia, Novem-\\nber 20th, 1829, and are as follows:\\nThe several resolutions already mentioned, as\\nhaving reference to the establishment of a Theo-\\nlogical Seminary, within the bounds of this Synod,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "490 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwere now taken up, and after mature discussion,\\nunanimously adojitcd.\\nHesolved, Tliat this Synod regard the establish-\\nment of a tlieological seminary under the auspices\\nof this judicator} and within its bounds, as highly\\ncalculated to advance the interests of our Church,\\nand as an object worthy of attention.\\nResolved, therefore, That we direct our efforts\\nforthwith to the erection of a fund, to be hereafter\\ndevoted to the establishment and support of such\\na seminary.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, also. That a committee, to consist of\\ntwenty, be now appointed, who shall be authorized\\nto receive any donations which may be presented\\nor legacies which may be bequeathed towards the\\nerection of such a fund.\\n(Here follow the names of the members of that\\ncommittee.)\\nResolved, moreover, That this committee act\\nuntil the ensuing session of this Synod. That the\\nchairman of the committee report at the next an-\\nnual meeting, whether any and what donations\\nhave been received, and that a similar committee\\nbe appointed from year to year.\\nThe next year fully decided the fate of the pro-\\nposed institution. The President of the Synod,\\nRev. J. Bachman, opened the subject in his annual\\naddress to Synod, as follows:\\nAlthough by the blessing of God our Church\\nunder the direction of this Synod is evidently on\\nthe increase, yet there still continues a himcntablo\\nwant of ministers. Our congregations are eidarg-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 491\\ning, and new ones are forming from year to year,\\nyet the number of our ministers is not propor-\\ntionably on the increase;, and such are the calls\\nfor tlieir services, that although some of our min-\\nisters attend to from four to seven congregations,\\nit is feared that there will be some churches left\\nbut very partially supplied during the coming\\nyear. There are also petitions from Georgia and\\nAlabama for missionaries, to which it is feared we\\ncan only respond by our wishes and our prayers.\\nWe have applied to our sister Synods in vain for\\naid. So wide a sphere is opened to them in the\\nI^orth and West, that they have no ministers to\\nsend us; and it is believed that our only perma-\\nnent dependence, under the blessing of God, will\\nbe upon pious individuals who will hereafter be\\neducated for our Church, who are natives of the\\nStates within the bounds of our Synod, and who\\nare attached to our institutions, and accustomed\\nto our climate.\\nLet us bring the means of a theological edu-\\ncation within the reach of our pious young men,\\nand we may be assured that they will profit by\\nthese advantages. And I come now to recom-\\nmend with all the earnestness I am capable of, and\\nimploring Almighty God for his blessing on our\\nhumble exertions, the institution and support of\\na Theological Seminary. Hitherto I have had\\nmany anxieties on this subject, and great doubts\\nof our success. I feared that in attempting too\\nmuch we might entirely fail. But Providence\\nseems to have removed the greatest obstacles to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "492 TUE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe establishment of such an institution. Our\\npeople have become united and zealous in the\\ncause, and evince a liberality which, until now,\\nwe had no reason to expect. A proposition has\\nemanated from them to subscribe a hundred dol-\\nlars each, payable in four and iive 3 ears, which\\nwould enable persons even in moderate circum-\\nstances to render their efficient aid to our contem-\\nplated institution. The success in obtaining sub-\\nscriptions, thus far, is quite encouraging. The\\nclergy of our denomination, although in most in-\\nstances they receive but a very inadequate sup-\\nport, express their views of the importance of such\\nan institution to our Southern Church in a desire\\nto share with their people the burden of expense.\\nThis united zeal and perseverance will, we confi-\\ndently hope, enable us at the next meeting of our\\nSynod to report that ten thousand dollars have\\nbeen pledged a sum sufficient to enable our in-\\nstitution to go into successful operation and al-\\nthough it would have but an humble origin, yet\\nfostered by our liberality, our watchfulness, and\\nour sincere and fervent praj^ers, we may, under\\nthe blessing of heaven, look forward to a long\\ntrain of signal blessings upon our Church.\\nIn addition to this address. Rev. Bachman also\\nbrought the subject before Synod in his discourse,\\nwhich is likewise appended to the minutes of that\\nyear, and although an exceedingly interesting\\ndocument, it is much too lengthy to be inserted\\nhere. It had the good effect of awakening the\\nminds of the people generally on the importance", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 493\\nof establishing the proposed Theological Semi-\\nnary, and it accomplished good results even after\\nthe adjournment of Synod.\\nThe chairman of the committee to receive dona-\\ntions, c., for this object, reported that by the 1st\\nof January next, $3000 will have been sub-\\nscribed.\\nThe Synod then adopted the following series of\\nresolutions:\\nWhereas, The committee appointed at the last\\nmeeting of this Synod for the purpose of raising\\na fund for the support of a Theological Seminary,\\nhave made considerable progress in obtaining con-\\ntributions; and whereas, there is a prospect of\\nhaving a sufficient fund collected in a short time;\\nBesolved, That in humble reliance on the Di-\\nvine blessing, we now establish a Theological Semi-\\nnary, to be conducted under the auspices of this\\nSynod, and that we, by this resolusion, do conse-\\ncrate our efforts to Him, who is the great Head of\\nthe Church, the Shepherd and Bishop of souls\\nGod over all, blessed forever.\\njResolced, That as a course of preparatory study\\nmay be necessary for many theological students,\\nand in order to the defra3dng of the expenses of\\na Theological Institution, we have connected with\\nit a classical academy, under the superintendence\\nof the Professor of Theology, and that this acad-\\nemy be open to all males over ten years of age.\\nThe other resolutions refer to the appointment\\nof a board of ten directors, the election of a treas-\\nurer, when the board is to be elected, the election\\nof a Professor of Theology, c.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "494 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nMr. Henry Muller was elected Treasurer, and\\nthe Rev. J. G. Schwartz was unanimously chosen\\nProfessor of Theology.\\nConcerning Rev. Schwartz s election, and his\\nfitness for the office, Rev. Bachman says:\\nIt was necessary that a professor to the insti-\\ntution should be elected, and that he should enter\\nat once upon the discharge of his duties. Every\\neye among the clergy and laity was immediately\\ndirected to Mr. Schwartz. They knew his educa-\\ntion, his talents and piety. Although but twenty-\\nthree years of age, he liad made the best use of\\nhis short life. There were few better Greek and\\nLatin scholars in our country; he had attended\\nconsiderably to the Hebrew language; he was\\nproficient in the French, and he was studiously\\ndirecting his attention to the German, and read\\nand translated that language with considerable\\nease. He had made an equal proficiency in the\\nother sciences. In theology he was probably as\\nwell read as any young man of his age. He had\\nattentively read all the most important writings\\non the subject; and although he preferred the doc-\\ntrines of our Church to all others, yet his soul was\\nthe seat of Christian liberality, and it should be\\nspoken to his praise, that although surrounded by\\nChristians of other denominations, yet he never\\ngave them offence, and they generally attended\\nwith satisfaction and improvement on his minis-\\ntrations. The objections to his youth were every\\nday removing. He received a unanimous vote as\\nProfessor of Theology. After the election there", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 495\\nwas a pause of many minutes, when lie arose to\\naddress us. For a time his feelings almost pre-\\nvented the power of utterance. He at length pro-\\nceeded to thank us for our favorable opinion\\nstated his sense of his incapacity to discharge the\\nduties of the station to which he had been ap-\\npointed; pointed out its difficulties, but signilied\\nhis willingness to undertake it by the help of God,\\nand entreated our prayers and intercessions, and\\nthose of all Christians in his behalf. The youth\\nof the individual the occasion the importance\\nof the subject, and the feeling and eloquent ad-\\ndress, melted the whole audience into tears, and I\\nam sure that few who were then present will ever\\nforget that impressive scene.\\nHe had entered the Junior Class of the South\\nCarolina College in the autumn of 1824, and gradu-\\nated in 1826, having throughout his collegiate\\ncourse conducted himself with such propriety,\\nthat he was greatly beloved by the members of\\nhis class. He received a high honor when he\\ngraduated, and a letter from one of the professors\\nstated He is not only among the best scholars,\\nbut one of the very best young men that graduated\\nhere for many years past.\\nThe permanent location of the Theological Semi-\\nnary was postponed to some future time; how-\\never, as Professor Schwartz had taken charge of\\nseveral congregations in Kewberry District, which\\nhe was unwilling to resign until another year had\\nexpired, he gave notice that for the year 1831\\nhis residence will be in Newberry District, with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "496 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nColonel John Eigleberger, about ten miles below\\n!Newbeny Court-bouse, and that he will be pre-\\npared, by the first Monday in February, to receive\\nas theological students such persons, as shall have\\nbeen approved by the standing committee of the\\nBoard of Directors.\\nBoarding, inclusive of washing, c., will be\\nfurnished at seventy dollars per annum.\\nThe Seminary of Theology opened with very\\nflattering prospects; so many students became\\nconnected with it, that Professor Schwartz ex-\\npressed his fears in a letter to Rev. J. Bachman,\\nthat if many more would come, they could not be\\naccommodated and of their character he further\\nstates All the young men now with me are\\npromising and if their hearts be right in the\\nsight of God, I have no doubt they will prove a\\nblessing to our Church. The heart is known,\\nhowever, only to God we can judge only by the\\noutward appearance; but did I think that any of\\nthese students were deficient in proper views of\\nreligion and of the ministerial office, I should feel\\nit my bounden duty to advise them at once not to\\nenter this institution. I dread the idea of being\\ninstrumental in educating any one for the holy\\noffice of the ministr} who through a want of per-\\nsonal religion may bring disgrace upon our sacred\\ncalling.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 497\\nSection 10. Neiu Churches erected in South Carolina\\nand the early death of JRcvs. Wingard^ Schwartz^\\nBergman^ and Daniel Dreher.\\n1. Mount Calvary Church, Edgefield District, was\\ndedicated by the Rev. Messrs. Schwartz and W.\\nD. Strobel, on the 21st of Februarj, 1830. The\\ncongregation at that time numbered twenty-four\\ncommunicants.\\n2. St. Paul s, a fine new church in JSTewberry\\nDistrict, was dedicated on the third Sunday in\\nJune, 1830, by the Rev. Messrs. Ranch and\\nSchwartz. A revived state of rehgion had been\\nvisible for some time past, and soon after the\\ndedication of the church thirty-seven persons were\\nadded at one time by confirmation.\\n3. Shiloh Church, in the fork of the two Edisto\\nRivers, and in the neighborhood of Mr. Branden-\\nburg, was completed this year, and on the second\\nSabbath in January, 1831, it was dedicated it con-\\ntained at the time a membership of but fifteen com-\\nmunicants.\\n4. Ebcnezer Church, in the city of Columbia, a\\nneat brick edifice, located in an extensive lot, with\\nan ample God s-acre for the repose of the dead,\\nwas completed this year, and dedicated the 28th\\nof ISTovember, 1830. This congregation was gath-\\nered together and organized by Rev. Jacob Win-\\ngard, who manifested great zeal and good manage-\\nment in this laudable enterprise. The congregation\\nbeing small, and the membership generally in lim-\\n42", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "498 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nited circumstances, the church edifice was erected\\nprincipally through the munificence of Mr. Henry\\nMuller, Sr., of Piatt Springs, Lexington District,\\nS. C. In February, 1865, it became a prey to the\\nflames of the burning of Columbia by the Northern\\narmy, under General Sherman; but has since been\\nrebuilt by funds, donated partly by Lutheran con-\\ngregations and individuals at the JSTorth.\\n*S Steplien s Church, at Lexington Court-house,\\na frame building, with ample accommodations,\\nwas erected this year, but not completed until the\\nfall of 1831, when on the fifth Sunday in October\\nit was dedicated to the service of Almighty God.\\nBeins: located in a town where the Lutheran ele-\\nment largely predominates, it has the prospect of\\nbecoming a flourishing church. It was likewise\\nburnt down during the late war.\\n6. During the year 1831, the Church in the\\nSamUiills was also dedicated.\\n7. The Church at Mollow Q cek is said to be\\nnearly completed, and will be opened for worship\\nin the course of a month.\\n8. A new church in Barnwell District, near\\nthe Saltketchers, is also being erected, and is in a\\nconsiderable state of forwardness.\\nThe above are quotations from the president s\\nreport to Sj nod in 1831.\\nGod was visibly blessing tlie South Carolina\\nSynod in enlarging its sphere of influence and\\nusefulness, in the increase of its members and con-\\ngregations; but there is also a shady side to that\\npicture God visited the Synod by the removal of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 499\\na number of useful ministers of the Gospel by the\\nstrong band of cleatli they were taken away when\\nyet in their years of 3 outhful strength and vigor,\\nwhen the Church had centred great hopes in them,\\nand they gave promise of a long life of service in\\nthe Lord s vineyard.\\nRev. Jacob Wingard was the son of Samuel\\nWingard, and a young man of much promise; of\\nhim the Rev. J. Bachman, President of Synod,\\nremarks in his report of 1831 Mr. AVingard had\\nbut recently returned from the Theological Institu-\\ntion at Gettysburg, where he had been highly re-\\nspected for his talents, his piety, and worth. But\\nhis friends beheld with anxiety and sorrow that\\nhis constitution, which had never been strong, had\\nbeen attacked by an insidious disease; but trust-\\ning to that heavenly physician, who is able to re-\\nstore health and vigor to the diseased frame and\\ncheer the drooping hopes of man, we still looked\\nforward to the time when his recovery would re-\\nstore him to usefulness in the Church, and by our\\nadvice he was solemnly ordained and set apart to\\nthe work of the ministry. But on the 14th day of\\nJanuary last, the God whom he loved to serve, and\\nin whose cause he had spent the whole of his short\\nlife, summoned him away. Mr. Wingard was a\\nyoung man of uncommon attainments, considering\\nthe disadvantages under which he had labored in\\nhis youth, for the want of a systematic education.\\nHe was in most cases his own instructor; every\\nleisure hour that could be spared from those occu-\\npations in which he was necessarily engaged was", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "500 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ndevoted to books; and all his reading and study\\nhad for its object the promotion of his Savior s re-\\nligion. For this object he left his peaceful home,\\nand devoted himself to solitude and study in a\\ndistant part of our land. Here he was attacked\\nb}^ a disease, which he bore with Christiaiv resig-\\nnation. When he was summoned away, he ap-\\npeared still at the post of duty, and meekly re-\\nsigned himself to the will of God, trusting through\\nthe mercy of his Savior for the salvation of his\\nsoul, and the joys of heaven.\\nWith Rev. Prof. John Gr. Schwartz the reader\\nis already well acquainted. He commenced his\\nlabors as the first regular Professor of Theology in\\nconnection with the Lutheran Church in the Caro-\\nlinas, early in February, 1831, under the most\\nflattering prospects, and with the high hopes of\\nthe Church centred upon him; but these hopes\\nwere destined to a speedy disappointment; in less\\nthan seven months Prof. Schwartz was numbered\\nwith the dead.\\nThe following brief sketch of his life is fur-\\nnished by Rev. Dr. Ilazclius in his American\\nLutheran Church:\\nThe Rev. John G. Schwartz was born in\\nCharleston, S. C, in the year 1807, where he also\\nreceived the preliminary part of his education.\\nAfterwards he became an alumnus of the South\\nCarolina College, at Columbia, where he gradu-\\nated with distinguished honor in December, 1826.\\nOn his return to Charleston he commenced the\\nstudy of theology under the direction of the Rev.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 501\\nMr. Bachraan. In 1828 he was elected Junior\\nProfessor of Languages in the Charleston College.\\nBut desirous of serving the Lord as a minister of\\nthe Gospel, he freely surrendered his present ad-\\nvantages, as well as his fair temporal prospects of\\nthe future, and engaged as a missionary among\\nthe destitute churches in the interior of South\\nCarolina.\\nHis labors were eminently blessed, and our\\nbrother enjoj ed the full coiiiidence of the mem-\\nbers of his churches. But his career was to be\\nshort; for wise purposes, to us unknown, the Lord\\ncalled his 3 oung servant away in the midst of\\nhis useful labors. In the summer of 1831 he was\\nseized with a violent fever, which at first appear-\\nance seemed to 3 ield to the iniiuence of medicine,\\nbut returning witii increased severity, put relief\\nbeyond the power of human means, and on the\\n26th of August it terminated his valuable life,\\nhaving just reached the 24th year of his age.\\nFrom a funeral discourse, occasioned by the\\ndeath of Rev. J. G. Schwartz, and delivered by\\nthe Rev. Mr. Bachman, the following testimony\\nof the character and worth of Prof. Schwartz is\\nobtained\\nShould it be asked what was the peculiar trait\\nin the character of Mr. Schwartz, I would say that\\nit was a solemn determination conscientiously to\\ndischarge his duty to his God. For this he left\\nhis peaceful home and the friends of his youth,\\nand retired into a sickly part of our county; and\\nfrom thence he wrote: Here in the woods of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "502 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina I suspect my lot is cast here I shall live,\\nand here I shall die. To be instrumental in doing\\ngood and enlarging the Redeemer s kingdom is\\nall I ask.\\nThat a man who was so devoted to the duties\\nof the Christian should possess the amiable graces\\nof benevolence, we cannot wonder. He felt it his\\nduty to exert all his powers to do good to the\\nbodies and souls of men. The great maxim, no\\nman liveth to himself, was engraven on his mind.\\nWithout profession or show, he engaged in and\\nardently devoted himself to every work of benevo-\\nlence.\\nThe shock given to the people among whom\\nhe lived by this event was unusual, and the calam-\\nity was heightened by its bereaving them of their\\nfondest hopes. A gentleman who attended the\\nfuneral writes: No tongue can express, no pen\\ncan describe the feelings of the people on this\\nmelancholy occasion. The remains of our dearly\\nbeloved friend were interred this morning in Beth-\\nlehem churchyard; the largest concourse of people\\nthat were ever assembled in this country attended\\nthe funeral. The sad looks, the loud sobs and the\\ntears shed on this mournful occasion, amply testi-\\nfied the high esteem in which he was held by all,\\nrich and poor, old and young, white and black\\npardon me for introducing the word black, but I\\nmust say, that even the poor Africans sympatliized\\nand sorrowed, saying, Dear Mr. Schwartz.\\nThree of the ministers of our Church officiated at\\nhis funeral, and all bore testimony that never had", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 503\\nan individual departed in that community who\\nwas more beloved, or whose loss was more sin-\\ncerely lamented tlian was that of our departed\\nfriend.\\nThe next victim in the ministerial ranks of the\\nSouth Carolina Synod, which death claimed as his\\nown, was the Rev. C. F. Bergman, who, though\\nlaboring in Ebenezer, Georgia, was ordained by,\\nand labored in connection with, the South Caro-\\nlina Synod, and maintained his official relationship\\nwith the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas to the\\nclose of his life. It is therefore proper that an\\naccount of his life, labors and death be here in-\\nserted, which is furnished by Rev. S. A. Mealy in\\nhis funeral discourse, pi-eached to Rev. Bergman s\\ncongregation at Ebenezer, occasioned by the death\\nof their beloved pastor:\\nThe Rev. Christopher F. Bergman was born\\nat Ebenezer, Georgia, on the 7th of January,\\n1793. His father, the Rev. John E. Bergman, a\\nnative of Germany, and the learned and exem-\\nplary minister of this church for the long period\\nof thirty-six years, had the exclusive care of the\\neducation of the subject of our present recollec-\\ntions. He may, indeed, with the utmost truth,\\nbe said to have been trained up from youth to\\nmanhood in his own father s study.\\nThe general deportment of our friend was\\ngrave, and his very appearance forbade the rude\\napproach of impertinent curiosity. One who saw\\nhim for the first time, would have thought him,\\nperhaps, inaccessible and austere. But the same", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "504 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nindividual, upon a closer acquaintance, would\\nhave perceived his error, and found himself in\\nthe presence of gravity indeed, but a gravity most\\ndelicately softened by every generous virtue and\\namiable emotion. His outward bearing to others\\nwas affable, but unobtrusive. He was almost al-\\nways cheerful, but never trifling. I have often\\nseen his countenance lighted up with a smile\\namong his friends, but distorted with laughter,\\nnever. His feelings, though cautious in their dis-\\nplay, were constitutionally warm; and his attec-\\ntion for those whom he loved, ardent. In all the\\nsocial relations of life, as a man as a citizen a\\nhusband a parent a master a neighbor, and a\\nfriend those who best knew him will bear me\\nout in the assertion that he reflected honor upon\\nthe age in which he lived, and may be safely imi-\\ntated, without any qualification whatsoever, b}^\\nthose whom he has left behind him.\\nAnd what he was to this people, as the attec-\\ntionate pastor, there are none of 3 ou will ever for-\\nget. How this good man, who was over 30U in\\nthe Loi-d, [)reached to 3 OU how he consoled you\\nin the hour of sorrow how he dried your tears in\\nthe season of affliction how he prayed beside\\nyour sick-beds how sincerely he loved you, and\\nhow faithfully he admonished you is well known\\nto all of this congregation, and shall bo known to\\nassembled worlds in the great day of judgment,\\nwhen pastors and their charges shall meet again.\\nI inquired whether, if it was the Divine will,\\nhe would not wish to be spared a little longer to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 505\\nhis dear family and congregation. He said noth-\\ning for a considerable space, till I began to think\\nhe had not heard my question. At length he re-\\nplied, If it is the divine will, I would rather go\\nnow. I feel that for me to depart and to be with\\nChrist is far better. I think I can truly say, for\\nme to live is Christ, and to die is gain. I ob-\\nserved, Then you are not afraid to die? Pie said,\\nNo! You have no doubts of your acceptance\\nwith God, through our great Mediator? He re-\\nplied, None. Blessed be the God and Father of\\nmy Lord Jesus Christ, I have no doubts.\\nWhile I was engaged in prayer, he held one\\nof my hands clasped in both his own, and distinctly\\nthough feebly repeated almost every word after\\nme, and concluded the prayer for me with the\\nusual Amen. He then lay composed for some\\ntime, when at length he warmly pressed my hand\\nand said, louder than he had yet spoken, Fare-\\nwell. He now repeated that triumphant hymn,\\nCease, fond nature, cease thy strife,\\nAnd let me languish into life.\\nThese were among the last words he used.\\nAt a quarter before three, a.m., on the 26th of\\nMarch, 1832, he ceased to breathe, and was gath-\\nered to his rest in peace.\\nOn the 14th of August, 1832, God called another\\nyoung laborer to his early rest. Of him, Dr. Ha-\\nzelius writes:\\nThe liev. Daniel Dreher, son of Mr. John\\nDreher, of Lexington District, enjoyed the advau-\\n43", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "506 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntages of the advice and instruction of pious parents\\nduring his childhood and years of his 3 outh, and\\nby that instrumentality the Lord directed him\\nearly to the knowledge of his sinful nature, the\\nneed of a Savior, and to Jesus, the friend of re-\\npenting sinners, whose merits he embraced,\\nthrough faith in application to his own soul.\\nHaving found Jesus precious, and the rock ou\\nwhich he had built the house of his hope, he be-\\ncame anxious to recommend him also unto others.\\nHaving given some attention to the study of di-\\nvinity under the direction of his elder brother,\\nthe Rev. Godfrey Dreher, he was received by\\nSj uod as licentiate. He was an acceptable and\\nzealous preacher, and his remembrance is cher-\\nished by all who enjoyed his acquaintance. He\\ndeparted in hope of eternal life.\\nThus was the Synod of South Carolina sorely\\nsmitten at that time, and the Church bereft of\\nsome of its most promising laborers. In view of\\nthese severe afflictions, the President of Synod,\\nRev. John Bachman, in his address to Synod, thus\\nexpresses himself:\\nLet our past afflictions teach us humility, an\\nincrease of zeal and an humble trust and confi-\\ndence in the protection and mercy of God and as\\nthe hour of the night is darkest which precedes\\nthe rising morn, and as the day is often calmest\\nwhich succeeds the violence of the tempest, so\\nthese visitations of heaven, like the calamities\\nwhich befell the Church of old, may be followed\\nby a long train of mercies and blessings to our", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 507\\nbeloved Zion. But whilst we rely for future suc-\\ncess aiul prosperity on the blessings of heaven, let\\nus in the meantime do all that lies in our power\\nto promote its best interests.\\nSection 11. Founding of the Theological Seminary at\\nLexington., S. C, and Arrival of Rev. E. L.\\nHazelius, D.D., as Professor of Theology.\\nThe fund necessary for the endowment of a\\nprofessorship in the Theological Seminary was\\nconstantly increasing, and at the meeting of the\\nSouth Carolina Synod of 1831, liberal ofiers were\\nmade by several persons for the location of the\\nSeminary in their respective neighborhoods.\\nAfter much interesting discussion had been\\nelicited, in which several, both of the clerical and\\nlay members, took an animated part, the following\\nresolutions were finallj adopted:\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That the location of our Theological\\nSeminary be deferred till the next meeting of\\nSynod; and that during the recess of the Synod\\nthe Board of Directors ascertain which of any two\\nplaces selected will hold out the greatest induce-\\nments for the establishment of our Seminary in\\nthat place.\\nResolved, That Lexington Village and Sandy\\nRun, the latter comprising a circuit of from one\\nto two miles from the church, be the places desig-\\nnated in the above resolution.\\nAt the next meeting of Synod, held in St. Mat-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "508 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntliew s Church, Orangeburg District, the question\\nof locating the Seminary was finallj disposed of\\nby the reading of the proposals made by the\\nabove-mentioned two places, which were as fol-\\nlows\\nLexington Village, in money and other property, $5287\\nSandy Run, 4000\\nExcess in favor of Lexington Village, $1287\\nAnd the passing of the following resolution:\\nItesolved, That since Lexington Village holds\\nout the greatest inducements, our Theological\\nSeminary shall be located in that place.\\nIn reference to the Seminary, it was also\\nResolved, That the sincere thanks of this Synod\\nbe returned to our friends and the members of our\\nChurch for their very generous subscriptions to\\nour Theological Seminarv.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Resolved, That it be enjoined on all our min-\\nisters to bring the subject of our Theological\\nSeminary to the view of their respective congre-\\ngations, and to impress upon them the necessity\\nof using their most strenuous exertions to promote\\nits best interests.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That the Rev. Godfrey Dreher and\\nMr. Henry Muller be appointed by this Synod as\\ntheir agents, to solicit donations and subscriptions\\nto our Theological Seminary, and that they report\\nto this Synod at its next meeting.\\nMrs. Mariana Chisolm, of Charleston, S. C, pre-\\nsented to the Synod, for the use of the Seminary,\\na large Bible and hymnbook, accompanied with", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 509\\nher earnest praj^er that the institution may be in-\\nstrumental in furnishing the now destitute churches\\nwith man} pious and able ministers of the Lu-\\ntheran faith. Whereupon the Synod\\nHcsolced, That the thanks of this Synod be re-\\nturned to Mrs. Mariana Chisolm for her very ac-\\nceptable present of a valuable Bible and Lutheran\\nhymn and prayer book for the use of our Semi-\\nnary.\\nDuring the year 1833 the necessary buildings\\nAvere erected near Lexington Court-House, both\\nfor recitation rooms and a dwelling for the theo-\\nlogical Professor; and at the same time the Board\\nof Directors elected Rev. Dr. E. L. Hazelius, of\\nGettysburg, Pennsylvania, Professor of Theology;\\nand the Rev. Washington Muller, a graduate of\\nSouth Carolina College, Principal of the Classical\\nAcademy.\\nRev. Dr. Hazelius was a native of Silesia, in the\\nkingdom of Prussia in early life he was connected\\nwith the Moravian Church and, having received\\nhis collegiate education in Saxony and Prussia, he\\nsubsequently graduated in the Moravian Theologi-\\ncal Seminary at Niesky, in 1797. He arrived in\\nAmerica in 1800, and was for a time the classical\\nteacher at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, a Moravian\\ninstitution of learning, where one of his pupils\\nwas the future Bishop Van Vleck. In 1809 he\\nwas ordained by the New York Ministerium a\\nminister of the Lutheran Church. In 1815 he\\nwas elected Professor of Theology at Hartwick\\nSeminary, New York, where he remained a", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "510 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfaitliful and successful instructor until 1830, when\\nhe removed to Gettysburg Seminary, as one of\\nits professors.\\nIn the fall of 1833, he became located at Lexing-\\nton, S. C, where he remained in the service of his\\nMaster for nearly twenty years, to the close of his\\nlife.\\nIn the sy nodical address of Rev. J. Bachman,\\nhe was kindly and heartily welcomed as Professor\\nof Theology and as a member of the South Caro-\\nlina Synod in the following terms\\nIt is a source of no small gratification to me to\\nbe permitted to welcome among us our brother\\nand friend, the recently elected Professor of The-\\nology in our Seminary. He has come, we hope\\nand believe, to spend the remainder of an active\\nand a useful life in the midst of us. He has\\nbrought along with him those talents which God\\ngave him that learning which a life devoted to\\nstudy has enabled him to acquire and that expe-\\nrience, zeal, and fidelity which caused him to be\\nrespected, and rendered him eminently useful, in\\nall those valuable institutions over which he was\\nheretofore called to preside. His unanimous elec-\\ntion to this responsible office the pleasure which\\nwe all felt on hearing of his acceptance of the ap-\\npointment the sacrifices he has made to come\\namong us are all so many loud calls upon us to\\nperform our part of the contract with liberal and\\ncheerful hearts. Let us co-operate with him in\\nall those regulations which are calculated to pro-\\nmote the best interests of the institution, and let", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "TN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 511\\nUS give to that institution our united efforts and\\nour fervent prayers.\\nBoth the Theological Seminary and the Chis-\\nsical Academy went into operation on the tirst\\nMonda} of January, 1884, and both commenced\\nwith very favorable prospects; a number of young\\nmen enrolled themselves as students of theology,\\nwhilst the local and other patrons of the classical\\ndepartment were quite numerous.\\nIn the inaugural address of Rev. Dr. Ilazelius,\\nin which he impresses his audience with the ne-\\ncessity of a theological training for ministers of\\nthe gospel, the following are the closing remarks\\nBrethren! Benefactors of this institution! I am\\naware your satisfaction at the success which has\\ncrowned your ettbrts, your labors, and your ex-\\npense, is great, and you regret not having at-\\ntempted, though few in number, what in other\\nsections of our country, large legacies, the contri-\\nbutions of strangers, and the united eftbrts of sev-\\neral Synods only could accomplish. To you the\\nLutheran Church of South Carolina and the adja-\\ncent States is largely indebted; and though no\\nmonuments of marble may hereafter point out to\\nposterity what you have done for the Church,\\nyour latest posterity will bless your memory, and\\nthe Searcher of the heart will reward you.\\nWe have the proud consciousness of knowing\\nthat we all have entertained and do now entertain\\nno other view, no other aim in the establishment\\nof this Seminary than the enlargement of the Re-\\ndeemer s kingdom, and there is no doubt, if our", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "512 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ninstitutions remain faithful to this principle, and\\nfaithful in the application gf the means intrusted\\nto us by our brethren for the benefit of the Semi-\\nnary, and also in the instruction of our young\\nbrethren, if Ave never stoop to mean intrigue and\\nmanagement, but act with a single eye to the\\nglory of God, and with candor towards man, the\\nblessing of Almighty God wnll accompany this\\ninstitution it will prove a benefit to the Church,\\nand its blessings will descend to the latest genera-\\ntions.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nHISTORY OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE CARO-\\nLINAS CONTINUED, TO THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR\\n1850.\\nSection 1. Condition of the Lutheran Church in North\\nand South Carolina in 1834:\\nDuring the three years which intervened be-\\ntween 1831 and 1834, very few changes occurred\\nin the North Carolina Synod the Rev. John T.\\nTabler, a student from Gettysburg, became con-\\nnected with the Synod, and labored as pastor in\\nSalisbur} but he remained there onl}^ one year,\\nafter which he removed to Virginia.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": ".IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 513\\nIn 1832, the Rev. Henry Graeber resigned liis\\ncharge in Lincohi Conntj, and became the pastor\\nof St. John s and Organ Churches, which had be-\\ncome vacant by the removal of Revs. J). Scherer\\nand J. Kaenipfer. In 1833, the Rev. Samuel\\nRothrock, having completed his studies at Gettys-\\nburg, returned to North Carolina, was licensed by\\nSynod, and labored as missionary in several vacant\\nchurches for a short time, after which he became\\nthe pastor of Salisbury and Union Churches. The\\nfollowing year the Rev. Daniel Jenkins became\\nconnected with the North Carolina Synod; he\\ncame from the State of Maryland, about the be-\\nginning of November, 1833, and expressing a de-\\nsire to serve our Church in this Southern section\\nas a missionary, was licensed by the President of\\nSynod to preach in our destitute churches until\\nthe next session of the Ministerium.\\nThe congregations in Lincoln County, having\\nhad no regular pastor of the North Carolina Synod\\nsince the removal of Rev. Graeber from their\\nmidst, and having been only occasionally visited\\nby missionaries and other members of Sj-nod, be-\\ncame eventually connected with the Tennessee\\nSynod.\\nConcerning the state of the Church in 1834, the\\nPresident of Synod reports: The events of the\\npast sy nodical year have become, in some measure,\\nmore encouraging than they have been for several\\nyears before. Those churches in our connection\\nthat could be regularly supplied, had not oid}\\na considerable increase since our last annual meet-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "514 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n\\\\ug, but are also general!} in a prosperous condi-\\ntion. The gospel has been faithfully preached,\\nand the holy ordinances regularly administered.\\nThere are still a goodly number of small but re-\\nspectable congregations that are vacant, which, if\\nthey could be supplied with ministers, would add\\nconsiderable strength to this weak but evaugelical\\nmember of the Lutheran household of faith.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Prospects have also appeared during the last\\n3 ear, of forming several new congregations.\\nDuring the year 1834 the Tennessee Sjaiod had\\nno meeting, caused by the absence of so many\\nministers. The next year the Synod met at Blue\\nSpring Church, Green County, Tennessee, at\\nwhich meeting the Rev. William Hancher, Daniel\\nS. Schulfeld, Christian G. Reitzel and Samuel\\nC. Parmer, were ordained to the ofiice of deacon.\\nAt that time the Revs. Daniel Moser, Adam Mil-\\nler, Jr., and Jacob Casner were laboring in Lin-\\ncoln County, N. C. the Rev. H. Goodman, in Ire-\\ndell County, N. C. the Rev. C. G. Reitzel, in\\nGuilford County, N. C; and Rev. J. N. Stirewalt,\\nin Rowan County, N. C. The other twelve min-\\nisters of the Tennessee Synod had charges in\\nother States outside of the Carolinas.\\nDuring this year, on the third Sunday in August,\\na new Lutheran Synod was organized in the State\\nof Indiana, with which the three ministers of the\\nTennessee Synod, who resided in Indiana, doubt-\\nless connected themselves. They besought their\\nbrethren of the parent Synod not to regard this", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 515\\nmovement as a separation or schism, but rather\\nas a means of strengthening the Church.\\nIn the South CaroHna Synod no changes of im-\\nportance occurred during the yjear 1834, The\\nTheological Seminary located at Lexington, says\\nthe President of Sj nod, in his annual report, has\\nthus far fully equalled our most sanguine expec-\\ntations. Nine young men formed the first class\\nof students of theology, namely, F. F. Harris, J.\\nP. Ring, D. Bernhardt, E. A. Bolles, E. Hawkins,\\nW. Berly, H. Stoudenmyre, L. Bedenbaugh and\\nP. A. Strobel. Valuable additions to the library\\nof the Seminary were presented by Messrs. Henry\\nMuller, Sr., of Piatt Springs, Thomas Purse, of\\nSavannah, and the congregation of Ebenezer,\\nGeorgia.\\nIn December, 1833, the Missionary Committee\\nof the Synod employed the Rev. P. Rizer, who\\narrived at Lexington, S. C, from the State and\\nSj nod of Maryland, as a traveling missionary in\\nthe States of Georgia and Alabama. He met\\nwith a very cordial reception from many Lutherans\\nwho had emigrated from Carolina, and found them\\nstill attached to the doctrines and usages of our\\nChurch. In Monroeville, at Flatt Creek, and\\nat Bogue-Chitto Creek, in the State of Alabama,\\nthe prospects for the immediate organization of\\nLutheran churches was so flattering, and the de-\\nmand for a pastor so urgent, that on the return of\\nRev. Rizer, one of the theological students, Mr.\\nF. F. Harris, was licensed, and sent at once to\\nthese people as. their pastor. At the meeting of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "516 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSjmod in 1834, lie was ordained as the pastor of\\nthis liopefiil charge in Alabama, and remained in\\nthat State eight years, when he removed to Ohio.\\nHe was succeeded by Revs. Daily and Stouden-\\nmyre, but nothing is now known of these churches,\\nand no Lutheran minister is at present laboring in\\nthat portion of Alabama.\\nThe President of Synod, Rev. J. Bachman, in\\nhis annual report, urges upon the members of\\nSynod the importance and necessity of catechetical\\ninstruction, stating: The mind of man requires\\ninstruction as well as excitement, and in all our min-\\nistrations we should be cautious to enlighten the\\nunderstanding, and to enable our hearers to give\\na reason for the hope that is in them.\\nSection 2. Rev. Daniel Jenkins Revivals in North\\nCarolina Comniissioners sent by the South Car^o-\\nlina Synod to the North Carolina Synod., with\\nProposals in Behalf of the Lexington Theological\\nSeminary Death of Rev. Gottlieb Shober.\\nThe revival system or new measures, as it\\nwas then called, was not introduced into the North\\nCarolina Synod to its full extent until the year\\n1835, when the Rev. Daniel Jenkins, from Mary-\\nland, introduced it in his congregations. It created\\nconsiderable opposition both among the clergy and\\nlaity of the Lutheran Church in North Carolina.\\nThe subject was debated at Synod, and the Min-\\nistcrium passed the following resolutions:", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 517\\nHesolvcd, That we countenance no distinction\\nbetween those Christians who are separately\\nprayed for in public, and those who retire into\\ntheir chambers for devotion.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That if any licentiate should depre-\\nciate religious instruction of youth by way of cate-\\nchization, or otherwise, he can never be ordained.\\nAt no period of time has the ISTorth Carolina\\nSynod abandoned catechetical instruction, al-\\nthough in some few congregations this old-estab-\\nlished good rule of our Church fell into dis-\\nuse. Frequently the new measures accom-\\nplished more harm than good; and, to use a para-\\ndoxical expression often quoted, several churches\\nwere revived to death. The system finally cul-\\nminated into regular camp meetings but from\\nthat time forward it commenced to decline, and\\nthe ruins of the temporary little cabins, denomi-\\nnated tents, and of the covered sheds for preach-\\ning to large assemblies, denominated arbors,\\nmay still be seen in some places, but they are no\\nlonger used for the purpose originally intended.\\nIn the year 1836, Rev. Dr. Hazelius and Mr.\\nHenry Muller attended the meeting of the North\\nCarolina Synod. They came as commissioners\\nsent by the Synod of South Carolina for the pur-\\npose of conferring with the members of the North\\nCarolina Synod, as to the possibility and mutual\\nadvantage of a union of eilbrt in the support and\\npatronage of the Seminary at Lexington.\\nThe commissioners made the following pro-\\nposals:", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "518 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\n1. The Sj iiod of South Carolina will allow that\\nof ITorth Carolina such share in the government\\nof the institution established at Lexington, as their\\nportion of the funds shall equitably entitle them to.\\n2. The students from North Carolina that\\nenter the Seminary, shall be entitled to free tui-\\ntion, as well as the students from South Carolina.\\n3. The fund collected by our brethren from\\nNorth Carolina shall remain under the control of\\nthe Synod of North Carolina, and only its yearly\\nproceeds made over to the treasurer of our Semi-\\nnary.\\nThe Synod of North Carolina having atten-\\ntively heard the proposition of the South Caro-\\nlina Synod s commissioners, unanimously\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, To appoint two delegates, one cleri-\\ncal and one lay delegate, to meet the Synod of\\nSouth Carolina at its next session in November,\\nwith instructions from this body to unite our efforts\\nwith our brethren in South Carolina, in the sup-\\nport of their Seminary.\\nThe delegates elected I)} ballot were Rev. Wm.\\nArtz and Col. John Smith; alternates. Rev. H.\\nGraeber and Moses L. Brown.\\nArrangements were then made for the creation\\nof a fund for the support of the Seminary at Lex-\\nington, S. C. The committee were also instructed\\nto adhere strictly to the propositions made by\\nthe commissioners of the South Carolina Synod,\\nand to make no agreement to raise a larger sum\\nof money than can be obtained.\\nAt the succeedinir meetino- of the South Caro-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 519\\nliiia Sj-nod, Rev. AVm. Artz, delegate from the\\n!N orth Carolina Synod, being present, the above\\npropositions were confirmed, with a few addi-\\ntional provisos, one of which was, That the right\\nbe conceded to the Synods respectively to rescind\\nthis agreement, and annul the obligations grow-\\ning out of it, whenever in the opinion of either\\nbody such a dissolution is advisable.\\nOn the 27th of June, 1838, the Rev. Gottlieb\\nShober departed this life, after being confined\\nfor one day onlj^, although for some years past his\\nbodily health and native vigor of mind had been\\nrapidly declining. At his death he was in the\\neighty-second year of his age. His life was spent\\nin untired activity and useful labors until old age\\nadmonished him to seek retirement. In memory\\nof his death, the North Carolina Synod passed the\\nfollowino; resolutions:\\nEesolced, That this Synod has heard with deep\\nregret of the death of the Rev. Gottlieb Shober,\\nwho has, for many years, been an efiicient and\\nuseful member of this body.\\nResolved, That this Synod will ever cherish\\nwith grateful remembrance, the active zeal and\\neminent services of Father Shober.\\nA lengthy memoir of Rev. Shober is contained\\nin the Evangelical Review, vol. viii, pp. 404-415,\\nfrom which we learn that he was a native of Beth-\\nlehem, Pennsylvania, and, at the time of his\\ndeath, was the only survivor of tljose who had com-\\nmenced the building of the town of Salem, N^. C.\\nIn the spring of 1810, in company with Rev.\\nMr. Storch, he visited South Carolina, during", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "520 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwhich occasion he preached his first sermon.\\nHe was a member of the JSTorth Carolina Synod\\nfor a period of twenty-eight years.\\nSection 3. Increase of Lutheran Ministers in the\\nCarolinas Establishment of New Congrega-\\ntions Visit of Rev. Dr. Bachman to Europe.\\nThe influence of the Theological Seminary at\\nLexington, S. C, was now beginning to be felt in\\nthe Lutheran Church in the Carolinas; both the\\nNorth and South Carolina Synods received from\\nit lai ge additions to the number of their ministers,\\nand in other Southern States a number of its\\ngraduates were called to labor. It supplied a\\ngreatly and long felt want of the Lutheran Church\\nin the South.\\nDuring the five years preceding the meeting of\\nthe North Carolina Synod in 1840, the following\\nadditions were made to its clerical roll\\n1. Rev, Edwin A. Bolles, a graduate of the\\nLexington, S. C, Theological Seminary, wiis\\nlicensed by the South Carolina Synod in 1835,\\nand became the pastor of the Lutheran church in\\nSalisbury, N. C, where he, however, remained\\nbut a short time, and removed to Ebcnezer,\\nGeorgia. He is laboring at present in South Caro-\\nlina, as State Agent for the American IVible So-\\nciety.\\n2. Rev. Benjamin Arey, from the Theological\\nSeminary of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, licensed\\nby the North Carolina Synod in 1830, became at", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 521\\nfirst located in Davidson County, and labored in\\nvarious cliarges in the bounds of Synod, but finally\\nlocated himself permanently in Iredell County,\\nK C.\\n3. Rev. John Swicegood, licensed at the same\\ntime, made his permanent home in Davidson\\nCounty, but frequently labored in the counties\\nadjoining. He departed this life September 9th,\\n1870, in the full triumphs of a Gospel faith.\\n4. Rev. Elijah Hawkins, a graduate of the Sem-\\ninary at Lexington, S. C, became connected with\\nthe Synod in 1837, and labored in Wythe County,\\nVirginia, to the close of a most useful life.\\n5. Rev. Philip A. Strobel, likewise connected\\nhimself with the North Carolina Synod in 1837,\\nhaving graduated at Lexington, S. C, in 1836;\\nhe labored for a short time as agent for the Sem-\\ninary, and then located himself in Concord, JST. C.\\nHe did good service in the North Carolina Synod\\nin establishing several new churches, and remained\\nin Concord four years, when he returned to South\\nCarolina.\\n6. Rev. Jacob Crim, from the Lexington Sem-\\ninary, attached himself to the North Carolina\\nSynod in 1838, and labored successively in David-\\nson, Rowan and Davie Counties. In 1869 he\\nremoved to the State of Texas, where he shortly\\nafterwards was called to his rest.\\n7. Rev. John J. Grreever, si student of the\\nGettysburg Theological Seminary, was licensed\\nby the North Carolina Synod in 1840; he labors\\n44", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "522 THE LUTHERAN CnURCH\\nstill in Wythe County, Virginia, where he was first\\nlocated.\\n8. Rev. N. Aldrich, a student of divinity of\\nthe Episcopal Church at Bristol College, Pennsyl-\\nvania, was licensed by the North Carolina Synod\\nin 1840, remained only a few months at Concord,\\nN. C, when he removed to Savannah, Georgia,\\nand became the successor of Rev. S. A. Mealy, as\\npastor of the Lutheran church in that city. He\\nis the present pastor of St. Mark s Lutheran\\nChurch, in Charlotte, N. C.\\n9. Rev. Gideon Scherer, a student of the\\nTheological Seminary at Lexington, S. C, was\\nlicensed by the North Carolina Synod in 1840,\\nand located himself in A7ythe County, Virginia.\\nIn the South Carolina Synod the increase in the\\nnumber of ministers was still greater, and it was\\nnot long before all the vacant charges were sup-\\nplied with the regular ministrations of the w^ord\\nand sacraments.\\nIn the year 1831, before the Theological Semi-\\nnary went into full operation, four ministers were\\nlicensed bj the South Carolina Synod, whose\\nnames have not yet been mentioned, namely\\nRevs. Ilorrninn Aull, William ITotchkiss, George\\nIlaltiwangor, Sr., and Robert Clo} Rev, AuU\\nlived, labored and died in jSTewberry Distrif t, S. C.\\nRev. Haltiwanger became the pastor of St. Mat-\\nthew s Church in Orangeburg Disti ict, S. C, and\\nlabored with great acceptance and usefulness in\\nvarious parts of South Carolina to the close of his", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 523\\nlife, April 18th, 1849. Rev. Cloy labored in Barn-\\nwell District, S. C. he died May 4th, 1853.\\nFrom 1835 to 1840, the following additional\\nnames were added to the ministerial roll of the\\nSouth Carolina Sjaiod\\n1. Rev. James P. Ring, a graduate of the Lex-\\nington Theological Seminary, was licensed by the\\nSouth Carolina Synod in 1835, and devoted his\\nlife to teaching. He was Professor of a classical\\ninstitution in the city of Augusta, Georgia, at\\nwhich phice he died, April 12th, 1852.\\n2. Rev. David Bernhardt, was the son of Rev.\\nC. E. Bernhardt, whose history has been given in\\na previous chapter. The son became a student\\nand graduate of the Theological Seminary at Lex-\\nington, and was licensed by Synod, A.D. 1835.\\nHe had charge of St. Matthew s Church, Orange-\\nburg District, and Sandy Run Church, Lexington\\nDistrict, S. C, up to the close of his life, April\\n13th, 1843.\\n3. Rev. Levi Bedenbaugh, a student of Lexing-\\nton Seminar}^, was licensed at the same time. His\\nprincipal field of operations lias been Coweta\\nCounty, Georgia, where he is stil! laboring.\\n4. Rev. David Hungerpeler, was licensed in\\n183e, and died April 20th, 1840. He labored in\\nBarnwell District, S. C.\\n5. Rev. WilHam Berly, a graduate of the Lex-\\nington Seminary, was licensed in 1836, labored\\nfor a time in Newberry District, S. C, was elected\\nthe second Professor of the Theological Seminary\\nat Lexington in 1850, whereupon he removed to", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "524: THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nLexington Court-House in 1851, where he is still\\nresiding, laboring as pastor there.\\n6. Rev. William G. Harter, also a graduate of\\nthe Lexiiigton Seminary, was licensed in 1837,\\nlabored in the States of South Carolina, ISTorth\\nCarolina and Kentucky; he was called to his rest\\nJuly 31st, 1864.\\n7. Rev. H. Stoudenmyer was licensed in 1838,\\nand labored for a time in the State of Alabama.\\n8. Rev. S. R. Sheppard, a student of the Lex-\\nington Seminary, was licensed in 1838, labored for\\nsome time in Edgeheld District, S. C, removed to\\nthe State of Mississippi in 1853, where he recently\\ndeparted this life.\\n9. Rev. J. Kleckly was licensed in 1839, and\\nlabored in the State of Georgia, where he died a\\nfew years ago.\\n10. Rev.^AVilliam II. Smith, of the State of\\nMaryland, was elected assistant pastor to Rev.\\nJohn Bachman, I),T)., in 1839, was ordained by\\nthe South Carolina Synod April 24th, 1839, re-\\nmained three years, and returned to the ISTorth.\\n11. Rev. S. Bouknight, licensed in 1840; he\\nlabors principally in Lexington District, S. C.\\n12. Rev. J. P. Margart, a graduate of the Sem-\\ninary at Lexington, licensed in 1840, labored in\\nOrangeburg, Newberry and Lexington Districts,\\nS. C, removed to Alabama in 1862, where he still\\nresides, making strong efforts to build up the Lu-\\ntheran Church in that State.\\n13. Rev. George Haltiwanger, Jr., a student of\\nthe Lexington Theological Seminar}^, was licensed", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 525\\nin 1840, labored in Lexington District, 8. C, until\\n1849, when he became the pastor of the Ebenezer\\ncharge in Georgia, where he labored to the close\\nof his life; he died on the 10th of February, 1862.\\n14. Rev. C. B. Thuemmel, formerly of the\\nSynod of JSTew York, took charge of the classical\\nschool connected with the Theological Seminary\\nat Lexington, S. C, in 1841; he labored in that\\ncapacity three years, when he returned to the\\ni^orth.\\n15. Rev. J. Daily was licensed in 1840, and\\nlabored in Alabama.\\nOther ministers were licensed by the South\\nCarolina Synod during this period, but as their\\nnames have been mentioned in connection with\\nthe North Carolina Synod, it is not necessary to\\ninsert them here again.\\nThe Tennessee Synod was likewise blessed with\\na considerable addition to her ministerial strengtii,\\nduring the live years preceding the year 1840, as\\nfollows\\n1. Rev. Abel J. Brown, was ordained a deacon\\nin 1836, labored for several years in Llnijoln\\nCounty, N. C, but made his home finally in Ten-\\nnessee, where he is still doing good service in his\\nMaster s vineyard.\\n2. Rev. Jacob Killian was ordained a deacon at\\nthe same time, and labored in Augusta County,\\nVa., where he departed this life July 5th, 1871.\\n3. Rev. Jonathan R. Moser was likewise or-\\ndained to the deacon s office in 1836, labored a\\nnumber of years in Lincoln County, IST. C, but", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "626 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nfinally moved to Missouri, where he is still resid-\\ning.\\n4. Eev. Henrj Wetzel, was ordained deacon in\\n1837, is still lahoring in Virginia.\\n5. Rev. Adam S. Link-was ordained at the same\\ntime, but afterwards moved to Ohio, where he\\ndied, March 30th, 1862.\\n6. Rev. Jacob Stirewalt was likewise ordained\\ndeacon in 1837; he became pastor in I^ew Market,\\nVa., where he labored to the close of his life; he\\ndied August 26th, 1869, in his 67th year.\\n7. Rev. Albert J. Fox was ordained deacon in\\n1837, labored successively in North Carolina, Ten-\\nnessee, and Alabama, but since 1855 has been re-\\nsiding near Lincolnton, N. C, where he is still\\nlaboring in the Lord s vineyard.\\nThe following now congregations were oig-an-\\nized and new church edifices erected in the Caro-\\nlinas during the five years preceding 1840.\\n1. Luth\u00e2\u0082\u00acr s Church, in Rowan County, N. C,\\nis first mentioned by that name in the minutes of\\n1830, but at what time the congregation was or-\\nganized is not stated. The Rev. Jacob Kaempfcr\\nwas its pastor in 1830,\\n2. 67. Enoch s Church, in Rowan County, N. C,\\nis a colony from the Sewitz s or Luther Chapel\\ncongregation, and was organized in 1836; it is\\nnot stated when their church oditice was erected;\\nit was dedicated at some time during the fall of\\n1839.\\n3. 67. PauVs Church, in Rowan County, N. C,\\nis first mentioned in 1837, under the name of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 527\\nHoldshousor s Church, witli Eev. S. Rothrock as\\nits pastor. A new brick church has been recently\\nerected and was dedicated July 21st, 1872.\\n4. Si. Stephen s Church, Cabarrus County, N.\\nC, was organized in 1837 by the Rev. P. A.\\nStrobel, who Avas its tirst pastor. It was received\\nunder the care of the North Carolina Synod in\\n1838.\\n5. St. Matthew s Church, Rowan Count}^ IST. C,\\nsent a communication to the North Carolina S}-\\nnod in 1838, stating that they have regularly\\norganized themselves into a congregation, and\\npray to be received under the care of Synod also,\\nthat they have chosen the Rev. B. Arey as their\\npastor.\\n6. St. 3Iatthcw s congregation, in Davie County,\\nN. C, is first mentioned in 1839 in the minutes\\nof the North Carolina Synod, when forty-three\\npersons in that locality petitioned the Synod to\\nsend them a minister to break unto them the\\nbread of eternal truth, to baptize their children,\\nand instruct their youth.\\nTwo new church editices were erected in old-\\nestablished congregations during the year 1839,\\nnamely St. Paul s Church, Orange (now Ala-\\nmance) County, N. C, which was dedicated on\\nthe thii-d Sunday in September, 1839; and Luther\\nChapel, in Rowan County, N. C, which was dedi-\\ncated about the same time.\\n7. St. Paul s Church, Iredell County, N. C, and\\nthe above-named St. Blatthew s Church, in Davie\\nCounty, N. C, a,re mentioned in the minutes of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "528 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nthe JSToi th Carolina Synod of 1840, as having\\nbeen regularly organized during the last synodi-\\ncal 3 ear, and were received, in 1840, under the\\ncare of Synod.\\nIn the bounds of the South Carolina Synod the\\nfollowing churches were added to the strength of\\nthe Synod.\\n1. SL Andrew s Church, Lexington District, S.\\nC, was organized in 1835, and during the same\\nyear their church edifice was erected and dedicated.\\nIn 1835, tliey petitioned Synod for the pastoral\\nlabors of Rev. L. Bedenbaugh, but from the min-\\nutes of 1836 it appears that Rev. M. Rauch was\\ntheir lirst pastor.\\n2. 31ouni Zion Church, ^Newberry District, S. C,\\nhaving been organized under the pastoral care\\nof Rev. J. Moser, their church edifice was dedi-\\ncated on the fifth Sunday in August, 1840.\\n3. Good Hope Church, at Cloud s Creek, Edge-\\nfield District, S. C, having been organized sonic\\ntime in 1839, their newly-erected church edifice\\nwas dedicated on the 19th of April, 1810. Their\\nfirst pastor was the Rev. R. Cloy; it was received\\nunder the care of Synod in 1840.\\nThe labors of Rev. John Bachman, D.D., LL.D.,\\nhaving been for many years very arduous, inas-\\nmuch as he was necessitated to preach three times\\nevery Sunday for the long period of twenty years,\\nand frequently both in the English and German\\nlanguages, his being the only Lutheran church in\\nCharleston, S. C, at that tim,e; besides, having\\nalso devoted much of his time to natural science,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 529\\nhe and the renowned naturalist, eJ. J. Audubon,\\nbeing associated together in preparing for the\\npress The Quadrupeds of America, his health\\nat length became impaired, and, at the repeated\\nsolicitations of his congregation, to whom his life\\nand labors were exceedingly valuable, he left his\\nhome on a visit to Europe, in 1838, believing that\\nhe looked upon the shores of his native land for\\nthe last time. He was absent eight months, and\\nAvas received everj-where on his transatlantic tour\\nwitli sj^mpathy, kindness, and untiring hospi-\\ntality. He returned in January, 1839, with\\nhealth partially restored, and his congregation\\nengaged the Rev. AVilliam H. Smith, of Maryland,\\nas an assistant minister for a few 3 ears, until his\\nhealth was re-established, when, in 1842, he once\\nmore assumed the entire charge of the pastoral\\nduties of his church.\\nSection 4- Settlement of North-Germans in South-\\nern cities. Organization and Early History of\\nSt. Matthew s German Evangelical-Lutheran\\nChurchy Charleston, S. C.\\nMany years had now elapsed since the tide of\\nGerman emigration to JSTorth and South Carolina\\nhad entirely ceased. The dependence for the in-\\ncrease of the Lutheran Church in those States\\nrested mainly upon the descendants of the early\\nsettlers. Hovvevej about the year 1835, emigra-\\n45", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "530 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ntion from North Germany found its way also to\\nSouthern cities, and every fall new emigrants from\\nthat portion of the Fatherland continued to arrive.\\nThe laro;est number of these settlers located\\nthemselves in Charleston, S. C, but man^^ have\\nfound homes in Wilmington, N. C, Savannah,\\nGeorgia, and other Southern cities. They are\\nmostly natives of Hanover, Oldenburg, Holstein,\\nMecklenburg, and the once free cities of Hamburg\\nand Bremen, although a number of emigrants\\nfrom other German states may be found among\\nthem.\\nThese North Germans are regarded as the direct\\ndescendants of those Saxon nations which con-\\nquered ancient Britain, a portion of whom, after\\nthe Saxon conquest, located themselves perma-\\nnently in England. That this is a fact established\\nbeyond dispute may be readily learned from the\\npages of history, and easily perceived from the\\ncontiguity of those North-German countries to\\nEngland, their maritime character, and their lan-\\nguage. It may not be generally known, that the\\nNorth Germans speak two languages, the high\\nGerman, which is the written language, taught at\\nschool and preached from the pulpit, and the low\\nGerman (riatdcutsch), which is the original lan-\\nguage of the ancient North Saxons, still spoken\\nand generally used in those countries, and bears a\\nremarkable resemblance to the present pure Eng-\\nlish or Anglo-Saxon language. Hence, North\\nGermans generally find no difficulty in acquiring\\na knowledge of the English language soon after", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 531\\ntheir arrival in tins country, and learn to pro-\\nnounce it correctly with remarkable facility.\\nAs the ISTorth Germans are natives of maritime\\nStates, they prefer mercantile to agricultural pur-\\nsuits, and hence they are generally found engaged\\nin mercantile employments in our Southern cities,\\nthough not entirely confined to that kind of life.\\nCaptain IT. Wieting, a name familiar to all our\\nNorth-German citizens in the Southern States, and\\nhis vessels, the Johann Friederich, and the\\nbarque Copernicus, of which successively he\\nwas commander, usually arrived, for some length\\nof time, once a year in Charleston, S, C, filled\\nwith German passengers, who expected to make\\ntheir future home in the South.\\nThese German settlers, by means of their\\neconomy, good management, and excellent busi-\\nness talents, have acquired considerable property,\\nand control a large portion of the commercial and\\nother interests in the cities and towns where they\\nreside.\\nThe Lutheran faith being the prevailing re-\\nligion in North Germany, although German Re-\\nformed and Roman Catholics may likewise be\\nfound there, these immigrants are generally mem-\\nbers of the Lutheran Church, and, upon their ar-\\nrival in this country, usually attach themselves\\nimmediately to Lutheran congregations.\\nRev. E. L. Hazelius, D.D., President of the\\nSouth Carolina Synod, in his annual report of\\n1839, speaks of the first attempt of the native Ger-\\nman citizens of Charleston, S. C, in establishing", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "532 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\na second, and altogether German, Lutheran\\nChurch, in the following manner\\nA desire having been expressed by a consid-\\nerable number of German citizens of Charleston,\\nto have the Gospel preached to them in the\\nlanguage of their Fatherland, meetings of the\\nGermans were held during my sta}^ in the city\\nand afterwards, for the purpose of making the\\nnecessary arrangements and I have since learned\\nthat articles of a Churcli union were drawn up and\\nadopted; that $500 had been collected, and about\\nas much had been subscribed for the salary of a\\nGerman preacher. I endeavored to encourage\\nthese friends to proceed in the good cause.\\nIn the Charleston Courier may be found an\\naccount of the next steps that were taken in tliis\\ndirection.\\nOn the 3d day of December, A.D. 1840, the\\nfirst German congregation was organized in this\\ncity, with the following founders: John A. Wag-\\noner, George Caulier, C. Heide, F. Mehrtens, F.\\nHilgen, J. Hiirkamp, W. H. Hoops, J. Ilaesloop,\\nJ. Stelling, Geo. Rieke, J. II. Ostendorff J.\\nSchroder, J. Kleinbeck, C. Gerdts, J. Bauman,\\nand L. F. Behling. The congregation so formed\\nsoon made arrangements for the erection of a\\nplace of worship.\\nThey adopted a constitution for their govern-\\nment on the 9th of December, 1840, and soon\\nafterwards purchased a lot on the corner of Ilasoll\\nand Anson Streets, on which they erected a brick\\nchurch edifice. In the election of officers, Col.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 533\\nJohn A. Wagener was chosen their first Presi-\\ndent. In the month of October, 1841, the corner-\\nstone of this (St. Matthew s) church was hiid, at\\nwhich time the congregation already numbered\\ntwo hundred and twenty-five members. Their\\nfirst pastor was the Rev. F. Becher, who had been,\\nup to that time, a minister of the German Re-\\nformed Church, but connected himself with the\\nSouth Carolina Synod in 1811, after having taken\\ncharge of this new German Lutheran congregation.\\nHowever, the Rev. Mr. Becher did not remain\\nlong in Charleston. In 1842 the Rev. F. W.\\nHeemsoth took charge of the congregation, and\\non the 22d of June of the same year, the new\\nchurch was dedicated, and the newly elected pas-\\ntor duly installed. Rev. Mr. Heemsoth served\\nthe congregation until 1848, when he resigned\\nand returned to his native country, where he now\\nresides, and is the beloved pastor of a large Lu-\\ntheran church in Germany.\\nSections. Formation of the Western Virginia Sy7iod,\\nand Death of Be v. Henry Graeber.\\nIt would not be proper to notice the formation\\nof the Synod of Western Virginia in the history\\nof the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas, were it\\nnot for the fact, that the territory of the Synod of\\nWestern Virginia was, for a long period of time,\\nembraced in the limits of the North Carolina\\nSynod, which -watched over the interests of the", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "534 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nLutheran Church in Western Virghiia with a\\nmother s tender care, supplying that field with\\nmissionaries at first, and afterwards witli pastors.\\nBut the time had now arrived, when the old\\nmother Synod was to be confined within the limits\\nof the State from which she derived her name; all\\nher ecclesiastical operations were henceforth to be\\ndevoted to Korth Carolina alone. The interests\\nof the Church demanded that the brethren in\\nSouthwestern Virginia were to form a Synod for\\nthemselves, and the sequel has proved that this\\nwas a step taken in the right direction, for it has\\ndeveloped the energies of that portion of the Lu-\\ntheran Church in a most remarkable manner, both\\nin missionary and educational enterprises.\\nAccordingly, on the 20th of September, 1841, a\\nconvention was held in Wythe County, Virginia,\\nfor the purpose of taking the preliminary steps\\ntowards the formation of a Synod, and on the 21st\\nof May, 1842, the ministers residing in Western\\nVirginia, with their lay delegates, assembled in\\nZion s Church, Floyd County, Virginia. The\\nministers, who registered their names as members\\nof tlie newly formed Synod, were Revs. Jacob\\nScherer, Samuel Sayford, Elijah Hawkins, John\\nJ. Greever, Gideon Scherer and Stephen Rudy.\\nThe oflicers of Synod then elected were: Rev.\\nJacob Scherer, President; Rev. Elijah Hawkins,\\nSecretary and Mr. Joseph Brown, Treasurer.\\nThe strength of Synod then reported was, fifteen\\ncongregations and seven hundred and seventy-\\neight communicants.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 535\\nFrom the Sj nod of North Carohna, established\\nin the year 1803, and which at one time embraced\\na large scope of territory, the following Synods\\nhave gone ont, and are still doing good service in\\nthe vineyard of the Lord\\nThe Tennessee Synod, organized A.D. 1820,\\nThe South Carolina Synod, organized A.D, 1824,\\nThe Western Virginia Synod, organized A.D,\\n1842.\\nFrom these again the following additional\\nSynods have been formed: The Georgia Synod,\\nthe Mississippi Synod, the Holston Synod, and\\nthe Concordia Synod. The Lutheran Church in\\nthe West, and particuhirly in Illinois, was also\\ncradled and nourished in its infancy by the North\\nCarolina Synod,\\nThe Rev, Henry Graeber, who at one time\\nwielded a considerable influence in the North\\nCarolina Synod, and who, on account of his ster-\\nling virtues and power of his native intellect, as\\nwell as by his energy of character, accomplished\\nmuch good, was now called to his rest, while yet\\nin the strength of his years, and in the height of\\nhis usefulness. After a short illness he unexpect-\\nedly departed this life, September 11th, 1843,\\nThe President of Synod, Rev, Win. Artz, gives\\nus the following account of tliis sad event, con-\\nnected with a brief memoir of Rev, Graeber s life:\\nWhen the names of the members of our min-\\nisterial association shall be called, and every one\\npresent shall take his seat, the place of our worthy\\nand beloved brother, the Rev, Henry Graeber,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "536 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwill be vacaut. How sad How unexpected\\nHe has ceased from bis labors in the vineyard of\\nthe Lord on earth, and lias entered the rest above,\\nto reap the eternal reward which Jesus has prom-\\nised to all his faithful servants.\\nHis conflicts with his busy foes\\nFor evermore shall cease,\\nNone shall his happiness oppose,\\nNor interrupt his peace.\\nBut bright rewards shall recompense\\nHis faithful service here,\\nAnd perfect love shall banish thence\\nEach gloomy doubt and fear.\\nOur w^orthy brother, the Rev. Henry Graeber,\\nwas born of Christian parents in the State of Penn-\\nsylvania, in the year of our Lord 1793, the 28th of\\nJanuary. He prosecuted the study of divinity\\nchiefly under the able and pious instructions of\\nthe Eev. Messrs. Melsheimer and Lochman. He\\nobtained license to preach the Gospel from the\\nSynod of Pennsylvania, on the 7th of June, in the\\nyear 1818, and was shortly afterwards set apart to\\nthis holy work by the imposition of hands and\\nprayer. Nine years of his ministerial life he spent\\nas pastor of several congregations in Frederick\\nCounty, Maryland, and the remaining sixteen\\nyears were spent in several congregations in Lin-\\ncoln, Rowan, and Cabarrus Counties, in the bounds\\nof our Synod, of which lie was an efiicient mem-\\nber, and in which he repeatedly filled with honor\\nthe highest oflices. He was a liberal supporter of\\nbenevolent institutions, and a warm and decided\\nfriend of an enlightened and educated ministry.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "IN NOETH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 537\\nHe was himself an able and faithful minister of\\nthe xTevv Testament, rightly dividing the word of\\neternal trnth, and giving to both saints and sinners\\ntheir portion in due season. And I need not\\nadd, in the presence of those who knew him long,\\nand who knew him well, that through the course\\nof his ministerial life, he uniformly adorned the\\ndoctrines which he preached by zeal, fidelity, firm-\\nness, and charity, and all those virtues that are so\\nessential to the character of the Christian minister.\\nHe died of nervous fever on the 11th of September\\nlast, in the 51st year of his age. While his ashes\\nsleep in the peaceful tomb, may his memory be\\ncherished by us with fraternal affection.\\nHis body lies entombed in the Organ Church\\ngravej-ard, not far distant from the place where\\nrepose the remains of Rev. C. A. G. Storch, and\\nwhere at this time the bodies of four Lutheran min-\\nisters sleep until the morning of the resurrection.\\nThe following epitaph has been inscribed on the\\nmarble slab vvliich covers his mortal remains:\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. Henry\\nGraeber, who was born on the 28th of January,\\n17U3; and departed this life on the 11th of Sep-\\ntember, 1843. Aged 50 years, 7 months, and 13\\ndays.\\nThe Gospel was his joy and song,\\nE en to his latest breath\\nThe truth he had proclaimed so long,\\nWas his support in death.\\nThe grave is now his favored spot,\\nTo sleep in Jesus blessed,\\nThere, where the wicked trouble not,\\nHe Taid his head to rest.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "538 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nSection 6. Endoimne7it of a Second Professorship in\\nthe Theological Seminary at Lexington^ S. C.\\nMemoir of Henry Midler^ Sr.\\nThe educational interests of the Lutheran\\nChurch in the Carolinas had now become so\\ngreatly developed, that it became necessar} to\\nendow an additional professorship for the Theo-\\nlogical Seminary at Lexington, S. C. Provision\\nhad been made for several 3 ears past to have a\\nclassica] Professor connected with the Seminary,\\nand the Rev. Washington Muller, Rev. C. B.\\nThuemme], and Mr. S. E. Caugliman had each\\nsuccessively been appointed to this position by\\nthe Board of Directors, and had acted in that\\ncapacity; but for want of a permanent endowment\\nof this professorship, the arrangement was sub-\\njected to repeated interruption.\\nThe discussion of this matter, as well as that of\\nthe location of the Seminary, during the year 1848,\\nin the cohnnns of the Lutheran Observer, brought\\nthe subject prominently before the Church, and\\nat the next meeting of the South Carolina Synod,\\nheld at Sandy Run Church, in Lexington District,\\nthe President of Synod recommended the ap-\\npointment of a special committee to investigate\\nand report upon this whole subject.\\nThe conmiittee appointed in accordance with\\nthe recommendation of the President were: Revs.\\nJohn Bachman, D.D., John F. W. Leppard and\\nJ. B. Anthony, of the clergy; and Messrs. George", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 539\\nM.^Pulmer, John C. Geiger and John Ranch, of\\nthe hiity, who gave the matter a thorongh and\\nprayerfnl consideration, closing their lengthy re-\\nport as follows\\nIn the midst of onr anxious and prayerfnl de-\\nliberations, a providential and thrilling scene pre-\\nsented itself, that gave a presentiment of God s\\nfavor and our prospect of success. One of our\\nbenevolent lay members, whose untiring zeal and\\nliberality has ever kept him far in advance of all\\nour other benefactors, and whose praise is in all\\nthe churches, rose to present to this object the\\nsum of $4000, on condition that individuals from\\nthe various portions of our Church shoukl pledge\\nthemselves to make up a similar amount, to be\\nappropriated to the same benevolent object. From\\nthat moment we regarded the work as done. We\\nhave only to say to ourselves, to our brethren, the\\nministers, delegates, and members of our churches,\\ngo, and in proportion to your circumstances, do\\n3^e likewise, and the object of our anxious solici-\\ntude and ardent prayers will be accomplished. We\\nhave been purchased by the blood of Christ let\\nus evidence our gratitude by contributing to send\\nthe light of salvation to those for whom he died.\\nThe Church demands these small pecuniary\\nsacrifices let us say to our people and to the\\nworld, we esteem it an honor and a privilege to\\nrespond to her call. Here, in the presence of the\\nLiving God, surrounded by the ministers, and\\nfathers, and representatives of our beloved Church,\\nlet us resolve that ere we separate for our distant", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "540 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nhomes, nay, ere yon sun shall set, ere another\\nnight sliall intervene to awaken the feeUngs of\\nselfishness, or throw a shadow of doubt over the\\nbright picture of Christian benevolence which is\\nnow before us, let us resolve in the strength, the\\nfear, and love, and in imitation of our benevolent\\nMaster, whose office on earth was to go about\\ndoing good, that this work shall be consummated.\\nLet us resolve with the pious men of old O\\nJerusalem, if I forget thee, let my right hand for-\\nget her cunning. If I do not remember thee, let\\nmy tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, if I\\nremember not Jerusalem, my chief joy.\\n(Signed)\\nJohn Bachman, Geor(3e M. Fulmer,\\nJohn F. W. Leppard, John C. Geiger,\\nJ. B. Anthony, John Rauch.\\nThis stirring appeal had the desired effect the\\ninspiration of a sense of this new duty and of love\\nto the Church pervaded the whole assembly, and\\nbefore the Synod closed that memorable day s\\nsession, the required sum was pledged, secured,\\nand afterwards paid in as the instalments became\\ndue. An additional sum of $3223 was subse-\\nquently added to this fund, through a seven\\nmonths agency of Rev. G. D. Bernheim, who was\\nemployed by the Board of Directors for this pur-\\npose.\\nThe following resolution of thanks to Mr. Henry\\nMuller, Sr., was then adopted\\nResolved, That the thanks of this Synod be pre-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 541\\nsented to our venerable and esteemed friend and\\nbenefactor, Henry Muller, Sr., for his many labors\\nand sacrifices in belialf of our Theological Semin-\\nary, and the various interests of the Church, for\\nhis generous contributions from year to year, and\\nfor his liberal donation to the Seminary, at our\\npresent session, of $4000.\\nMr. MuUer s benefactions toward this object did\\nnot cease with that donation; at his own expense\\nhe had a dwelling erected, costing about $2000,\\nfor the use of the second Professor, and donated it\\nto the Synod, so that this new enterprise for the\\nwelfare of the Church could go into operation\\nforthwith.\\nNo one can speak too highly of Mr. Henry\\nMuller s humble and devoted Christianity, and of\\nhis never-failing and munificent acts of benevo-\\nlence. Not only did the Theological Seminary\\nreceive a very large share of his benefactions, bat\\nchurches, Sunday-schools, ministers of the Gospel,\\nindigent students of theology, and many other\\npersons were assisted by him with amounts in\\nproportion to their necessities. Never in travel-\\ning over seventeen States of our Union has the\\nauthor seen Mr. Muller s equal in every respect;\\nsuch members are a blessing to any Church.\\nThe amount of his wealth was not enormous\\nmany there are in almost any Synod, who possess\\nas much property, and even more than he did.\\nBesides, Mr. Muller had a large familj^ of children,\\nto whom he gave all the advantages of a most liberal\\neducation; but he had also a large heart, beaming", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "542 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwith the love of Christ, and regarding himself\\nmerely as a steward, he was ready to aid any and\\nevery worthy object that was presented to him.\\nAs a just tribute to his memory, the following\\naccount of his life will not be uninteresting:\\nErnest Henry David Muller was born in the\\nKingdom of Saxony, November 20th, 1774, and\\nwas left an orphan at the early age of five or six\\nyears. He was brought up in the city of Bremen as\\na merchant, and came with his brother to America,\\nDecember 16th, 1805, beTng then in his thirty-first\\nyear. He located himself at Granby, in Lexing-\\nton District, and engaged in merchandising, but\\nafterwards moved his place of business to Sandy\\nRun. He was married to a Miss Geiger, a de-\\nscendant of the early Gei man settlers of Saxe-\\nGotha Township, Lexington District, and resided\\nnear Piatt Springs. He was the father of eleven\\nchildren, five sons and six daughters, nine of\\nwhom survived him. He departed this life in\\ngreat peace on the 12th of October, 1850, aged 75\\nyears, 10 months and 22 days.\\nIn him, says the President of Synod, the\\nChurch has lost one of its most ardent lovers, the\\ninstitution at Lexington one of its warmest friends,\\nand the Board of Directors one of its most active\\nand useful members.\\nThe following preamble and resolutions were\\nadopted by Synod in memory of this mournful\\nevent:\\nWhereas, It has pleased the kind Disposer of\\nall human events to remove from the endearments", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 543\\nof his family and friends from the sphere of\\nactive duty in society, and his labors of love in the\\nChurch the late Henry Muller, the Treasurer of\\nour Seminary; and whereas it is a pious duty to\\ncherish the memory and record for the imitation\\nof posterity the virtues of the benevolent and\\npious, be it therefore\\n1. Resolved, That this Synod will cherish the\\nmemory of our deceased brother, whose whole\\nlife was an exhibition of those virtues which\\nemphatically characterize the just man. That\\nthey feel grateful for the untiring zeal, industry\\nand accuracy with which he performed the duties\\nof Treasurer of the Seminary, from the time when\\nthe institution was first organized until the day of\\nhis death and that we will ever bear in remem-\\nbrance his acts of muniticence, by which we were\\nenabled to establish a second professorship in the\\nSeminary, and those deeds of charity which char-\\nacterized his whole life, which rendered him an\\nornament to the Christian Church while living,\\nand which will embalm his memory in the hearts\\nof pious men of all denominations after his re-\\nmoval from the earth.\\n2. Resolved, That this Synod will use their ut-\\nmost efibrts to promote the best interests of those\\ninstitutions in our Church which our deceased\\nbrother so strenuously labored to cherish and ad-\\nvance; and that we feel thankful to the great\\nHead of the Church that we have enjoyed the\\nbenefit of being stimulated by so noble an example,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "544 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nwho, although dead, still speaketh to us of the\\nhigh and holy duty of Christian beneiicence.\\n3. ResoUed, That this Synod secure to the\\nfamily of the deceased Henry Muller, and their\\ndescendants, one scholarship for the Seminary, as\\nlong as the institution continues to exist.\\n4. Resolved, That this Synod express their sym-\\npathy and condolence with the bereaved family of\\nthe deceased; that the Secretary transmit a copy\\nof these resolutions to the bereaved widow and\\nmourning family of the deceased, and that they be\\npublished in our minutes and in the Lutheran\\nObserver.\\nSection 7. Colony of German Settlers at Walhalla,\\nS. C. Additional New Congregations organized\\nThe 3Iississippi and Texas Missions.\\nThe number of German settlers in Charleston,\\nS. C, having increased rapidly within the past\\nfew years, it was deemed advisable to locate a\\nGerman colony somewhere in the interior of the\\nState. Accordingly, about the j^ear 1850, a land\\ncompau}^ was formed among the Germans resid-\\ning in Charleston, through the energetic labors of\\nCol. John A. Wagener, a public-spirited and en-\\nterprising German, and a large body of land was\\npurchased in Pickens District, S. C, of Col.\\nGresham and others.\\nThe land was admirably located, being in the\\nmountain regions of Carolina, exceedingly fertile\\nand well adapted for the cultivation of all the nee-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 545\\nessary cereals, fruits and vegetables, with an abun-\\ndant supply of excellent water, free from the heat\\nof less elevated latitudes, and possessing a most\\nsalubrious climate, making this settlement a most\\ndesirable summer retreat for strangers from the\\nlow country. A town was soon laid out, and re-\\nceived the ancient German name, Walhalla, and\\nthe remaining land was divided into farms and\\nsold to German settlers. So rapidly did the popu-\\nlation in the new settlement increase, that Wal-\\nhalla has become a place of importance, even to\\nnative American citizens. It has, of course, a\\nLutheran church, for nearly all the original set-\\ntlers are of that faith. This church was erected\\nin 1855, under the pastoral care of Rev. C. F. Ban-\\nsemer; it was built wnth a spire 112 feet in height;\\nbut there are three churches of other denomina-\\ntions likewise located in the town. Newberr}^\\nCollege, the literary institution of the Lutheran\\nSynod of South Carolina, has been recently re-\\nmoved to Walhalla, all of which, with its Female\\nSeminary, its trade and its abundant railroad fa-\\ncilities, will make Walhalla eventually one of the\\nlargest inland towns in the mountain districts of\\nCarolina. It numbers now about 1500 inhabitants,\\nand has recently become the county seat of Oconee\\nCounty, a newly-formed judicial section of the\\nState.\\nIn North Carolina, under the ministrj- of Rev.\\nW. G. Ilarter, a new Lutheran church was erected\\nin the town of Concord, and the Lutheran portion\\nof the old Coldwater Creek congregation trans-\\n46", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "546 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nplanted thither, receiving the name St. James at\\ntlie day of its dedication, which event occurred on\\nthe 6th of April, 1843. The dedication sermon\\nwas preached by Rev. Henry Graeber from the\\ntext Luke 14 23: Compel them to come in, that\\nmy house may be filled.\\nIn the year 1850, a new congregation was or-\\nganized in Rowan County, N. C, seven miles\\nfrom Salisbury, on the Beattie s Ford Road, with\\ntwenty-two members, under the ministry of Rev.\\nB. IST. Hopkins. It afterwards received the name\\nof Salem Church. In the town of Newton, Ca-\\ntawba County, a new mission church was estab-\\nlished during the same year.\\nThe Church in North Carolina under the care\\nof the Tennessee Synod became also greatly en-\\nlarged, but it is impossible to particularize the\\norganization of new congregations, inasmuch as\\nthese items are not reported in the minutes of that\\ntime.\\nOn the fourth Sabbath in May, 1842, a new\\nLutheran church by the name of CorlniJi, in the\\nDistrict of Edgefield, S. C, was dedicated to the\\nservice of the triune God. The dedicatory ser-\\nmon was preached by Rev. G. Ilaltiwanger, Sr.,\\nand a sermon b} Rev. AVm. Berly on the doctrines,\\ngovernment and usages of the Lutheran Church\\nin this country. Rev. Messrs. AuU and Leppard\\nwere present on the occasion, and rendered their\\nappropriate share of service.\\nIn 1843, under the ministry of Rev. G. IL\\nBrown, a new Lutheran congregation was organ-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 547\\nized and a church erected in Newberry District,\\nS. C, receiving the name of Beth-Eden. It was\\ndedicated on the second Sunday in September;\\nthe ministers present on that occasion were Revs.\\nJ. C. Hope, H. AuU and the pastor in charge.\\nAnother church building was erected by the\\nSt. Matthew s congregation, to be a branch of the\\nold church, which was dedicated to the service of\\nthe triune God on Sunday, the 26th of March,\\n1843. Brethren in attendance pastor in charge\\nand Brother Shcppard. This constitutes one of\\nthe three churches connected with St. Matthews,\\nin Orangeburg District, S. C.\\nSt. David s Church, in Lexington District, S. C,\\nwas organized and received in connection with\\nthe South Carolina Synod in 1845,\\nIn 1849 three new churches were dedicated for\\nnewly-organized Lutheran congregations in South\\nCarolina, namely, one located on the Monk s\\nCorner Road, St. Matthew s Parish, Orangeburg\\nDistrict, on the iirst Sunday in June. It is pre-\\nsumed that this is the church called Trinitij\\nChurch.\\nMacedonia Church, in Lexington District, was\\ndedicated on the fourth Sunday in September by\\nRev. Mr. Berly.\\nAnother church, near Leesville, S. C, was con-\\nsecrated on the fourth Sunday in October by Revs.\\nS. Bouknight, S. R. Sheppard and J. B. Lowman.\\nThe Mississii)pi mission was commenced by the\\nSynod of South Carolina in the year 1846, when\\nthe Rev. G. H. Brown resigned his pleasant Beth-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "548 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nEdeu charge, and from conscientious convictions\\nof duty felt himself called to labor for the Church\\nin that promising field, where Lutheran colonists\\nfrom ITorth and South Carolina had located them-\\nselves. The new missionary enterprise was not a\\nmere experiment, for, after many discourage-\\nments and severe trials, it became eminently suc-\\ncessful the Lord blessed the labors of his faithful\\nservant, the Rev. Mr. Brown, who had not been\\nlong in Mississippi when he called for more laborers,\\nand in 1847, the Rev. James J). Stingley came to\\nhis assistance, who was soon followed by the Revs.\\nS. R. Sheppard, C. D. Austin and J. T. Warner.\\nA Synod was formed in that State in 1855, and\\nthe Lutheran Church in Mississippi, after having\\novercome many difficulties, appears at present to\\nbe in a prosperous condition. The Revs. Brown,\\nStingley and Sheppard have all been called to\\ntheir final rest and reward, but their works still\\nfollow them.\\nIn the year 1850, the South Carolina Synod\\nsent the Rev. George F. Guebner as a missionary\\nto the State of Texas, who, at first, traveled over\\na considerable portion of its territory, organizing\\ncongregations, but finally located himself in the\\ncity of Galveston. Rev. Guebner remained there\\nbut a few years, when his health failed him, and\\nhe removed to one of tlie Korthwestern States,\\nresiding, a few years ago, in the State of Indiana,\\nand being in connection with the Evangelical\\nUnion of the West. The Texas mission, however,\\nis not a failure; ministers from Germany located", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 549\\nthemselves there soon afterwards, and in consider-\\nable numbers, who now have a flourishing Synod\\nin that State.\\nSection 8. State of the Lutheran Church in the Caro-\\nlinaSj in the year 1850.\\nDuring the twenty-five or thirty years preceding\\nthe year 1850, the Lutheran Church in North and\\nSouth Carolina made rapid progress in almost\\nevery respect, and without any material addition\\nto her strength by foreign immigration, yea, even\\nwith a constant drain upon her strength by the\\nremoval of many of her members to the West.\\nNor has she ever made any efibrt to propagate\\nher doctrines legitimate!}- among those of no\\necclesiastical connection, but rather shrank from\\nall public notoriety, modestly laboring for the\\ngood of those, whom God had specially committed\\nto her care; she has, notwithstanding, accom-\\nplished an amount of good fully equal to the talent\\nintrusted to her keeping. God has upheld her by\\nHis own right hand, and preserved her for a work\\nand purpose that will glorify His name; and, judg-\\ning from the past, will make her future still more\\nprosperous.\\nIn 1820, wdien tlie Tennessee Synod was organ-\\nized, only five ministers became connected with\\nit; and in 1850 the number had increased to\\ntwenty-eight ministers, and, had not other Synods\\nbeen formed, w.ith Avhich some of its ministers be-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "550 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\ncame connected, the increase on its clerical roll\\nwould have been much larger.\\nThe principal additions to its number of minis-\\nters since 1840, were Revs. John Roth and Joel\\nW. Hull, who were ordained as deacons, Decem-\\nber 13th, 1841 Rev. Dennis D. Swaney, ordained\\nas deacon in 1842; Revs. Jesse R. Peterson, Poly-\\ncarp C. Henkel, Jacob M. Schaett er, who were\\nordained to the office ot deacon, October 5th, 1843;\\nRevs. J. M. Wagner, Timothy Moser, ordained to\\nthe same office, October 10th, 1844; Revs. James\\nK. Ilancher, Thomas Grouse, ordained as deacons\\nin 1845; Rev. Adam Etird, ordained as above in\\n1847; Rev. D. M. Henkel, ordained October 5th,\\n1848; Revs. Socrates Henkel, D. Efird, J. B. Era-\\nmert, and James Fleenor, ordained to the deacon s\\noffice in 1850. Of those. Revs. Hull, Peterson,\\nP. C. Henkel, T. Moser, T. Grouse, A. Efird, and\\nD. Efird, were laboring in North Garolina in 1850.\\nThe Efird brothers soon afterwards removed to\\nSouth Carolina, and Rev. J. M. WagJier subse-\\nquently labored several years in North Garolina.\\nRev. Adam Efird has since departed this life, Sep-\\ntember 13th, 1870.\\nThe North Garolina Synod was likewise largely\\nincreased by an addition of ministerial strength,\\nbut the number of its ministers became greatly\\nreduced in 1842, by the organization of the West-\\nern Virginia Synod, at which time the North\\nCarolina Synod became restricted within the\\nlimits of its own proper State boundary, whilst at\\nthe same time, nearly one-half of the strength of", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 551\\nthe Lutheran Church in North Carolina is era-\\nbraced in the Tennessee Synod.\\nThe ministers who connected themselves with\\nthe North Carolina Synod since 1840, were the\\nfollowing:\\nRev. John D. Schcclc, of the South Carolina\\nSynod, who became the pastor successively of the\\nSalisbury, St. John s, Cabarrus County, and the\\nAlamance pastorates. During liis rainisti-y, and\\nin 1845, the large brick St. John s Church, in Ca-\\nbarrus County, was erected, and was dedicated\\nAugust 22d, 1846. Its dimensions are eighty by\\ntifty-five feet, and is at present the fifth house of\\nworship, which has been built for this congrega-\\ntion, since the first settlement of Germans on Buf-\\nfalo Creek, and was considered at the time the\\nlargest and most commodious house of worship in\\nWestern North Carolina.\\nHev. William G. Harter, also from the South\\nCarolina Synod, became the pastor of the Concord\\nChurch, whose historj has already been men-\\ntioned.\\nRev. Joseph A. Linn, a student both at Lexing-\\nton, South Carolina, and Gettysburg, Pennsylva-\\nnia, and licensed in 1844, became the pastor of the\\nGold Hill charge, in Rowan County, where he\\nwas much beloved, and general I3 useful to the\\nLutheran Church in North Carolina. His death\\nwas a sad one returning home on Sunday from\\none of his churches, he was thrown from his horse,\\nwhich fractured his head, and he expired the fol-\\nlowing Wednesday, March 16th, 1864.\\nRev. J. B. Anthony was received by the North", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "552 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nCarolina Synod May 6tb, 1844, and labored some\\ntwenty years in the bounds of the North and Soutb\\nCarolina Sj^nods, but is at present residing in the\\nState of Pennsylvania, as pastor of the York Sul-\\nphur Springs charge.\\nRevs. Fink, Coffman, and Hopkins were added\\nto the list of ministers successively in 1847, 1848,\\nand 1849, but their names had soon to be stricken\\nfrom the roll.\\nRev. Levi C. Groseclose, a student from Lexing-\\nton, S. C, and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was li-\\ncensed in 1849 by the West Virginia Synod, and\\nhas been doing good service in the North Carolina\\nSynod since 1850, being at present the pastor of\\nthe St. John s charge in Cabarrus County, N. C.\\nThe Synod of South Carolina manifested at this\\ntime a more rapid growth and a greater degree of\\nprosperity than either the North Carolina or Ten-\\nnessee Synods; this was owing to its Theological\\nSeminary and extensive missionary operations\\noutside of the limits of the State. In 1824 this\\nSynod was organized with seven ministers, and in\\n1849 it had forty-six ordained and licensed minis-\\nters on its clerical roll; however, this number has\\nsince been reduced by the formation of the Mis-\\nsissippi and Georgia Synods.\\nDuring the ten years preceding the year 1850,\\nthe following ministers were added to the clerical\\nstrength of the South Carolina S^mod:\\nBev. John F. W. Leppard, who was licensed No-\\nvember 30th, 1841, was the pastor of St. Stephen s\\nChurch, Lexington Court-IIouse, and Sandy Run", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 553\\nChurch. He was adjunct Professor of Theology\\nat the Lexington Seminary during the years 1848\\nand 1849; he was an eloquent preacher, and a\\nman greatly beloved, but departed this life, Feb-\\nruarylsth, 1852.\\nRev. P. Kistler was licensed at the same time,\\nand labored successively in South and I^orth Caro-\\nlina. He has connected himself with another de-\\nnomination.\\nRev. C. F. Bansemer entered the ministry, Feb-\\nruary 20th, 1842; was for several years pastor of\\nthe Lutheran Church in Walhalla, S. C, and Pres-\\nident of North Carolina College, at Mt. Pleasant,\\nK C, in 1867 and 1868.\\nRev. F, W. Hecmsoih. was received as a member\\nof Synod in 1842; was pastor of the German Lu-\\ntheran Church in Charleston, S. C, but returned\\nto Germany in 1848.\\nRev. Elkis B. Hori was licensed in 1842; became\\nthe pastor of the Lutheran Church in Columbia,\\nS. C, where he remained in office to the close of\\nhis life. He died January 15th, 1863.\\nRev. George H. Brown s history has been given\\nhe was licensed in 1842.\\nRevs. George R. llaigler and .Tames H. Bailey\\nwere licensed ]^ovember 11th, 1845. The former\\nlabored for a time in St. Matthew s Parish, Orange-\\nburg District, after which he removed to Alabama.\\nThe latter is still doing good service in Lexington\\nCounty, S. C.\\nRev. L. Mnller, admitted as a member of Synod\\nin 1848. He- is still the pastor of St. Matthew s\\n47", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "554 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nGerman Lutheran Church in Charleston, S. C.\\nHis congregation has recently built a large and\\nmagnificent church edifice, which was dedicated\\nMarch 28th, 1872.\\nRevs. E. Elmore, Eph. Kiefter, J. B. Lowman, B.\\nN Hopkins and Ephraim DufFord, were licensed\\nN ovemher 24th, 1848. Revs. Elmore and Kiefl:er\\nlabored in Georgia; Revs. Lowman and Dufibrd\\nare still laboring in South Carolina.\\nRev. A. J. Karn became the pastor of the Lu-\\ntheran Church at Savannah, Georgia, in 1848, and\\nconnected himself with the South Carolina Synod\\nthe next year. He died December 19th, 1860,\\nin Chicago, Illinois, aged forty years.\\nRevs. George E. Guebner, G. D. Bernheim,\\nMark Posey, C. D. Austin, E. Caughman, A. W.\\nLindler, D. Shcely and S. W. Bedenbaugh, were\\nadmitted to the ministry November 14th, 1849,\\nall of whom arc still living except Rev. Posey, who\\ndied at Franconia, Alabama, August 26th, 1852.\\nRevs. Caughman, Lindler and Shcely are still\\nlaboring in South Carolina; Rev. Bedenbaugh in\\nGeorgia. The history of the others has already\\nbeen furnished, all of whom are still actively en-\\ngaged in the work of the ministry.\\nSection 9. Concluding Remarks.\\nIn order to understand the age in which we live,\\nit is important and necessary that we should care-\\nfully study the history of the past. The various", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 555\\nand succeeding epochs of the world are not a num-\\nber of disjointed parts rudely thrown together,\\nwhich might as well have happened at some other\\ntime, but a successive course of events all occur-\\nring when the fulness of time was come.\\nThe present is a development of the past; it is\\nthe child of a parent that has stamped upon it\\nmany of the characteristics and manifestations ot\\nthe past. And as individuals are possessed of vir-\\ntues and faults, so is every age in which man lives\\nan intermixture of excellencies and errors, which\\nthe study of history enables us to discover, so that\\nwe may walk in the light of the one, and studi-\\nously avoid the other.\\nIn ecclesiastical affairs it is equally important\\nand even more necessary diligently to study the\\nhistory of the past, inasmuch as an error com-\\nmitted in the Church invariably leads to eternally\\nfatal consequences. And that departures and\\nerrors have occurred in the Church is well known;\\nthese should be ever kept in view, like so many\\npillars of salt, with Remember Lot s wife in-\\nscribed upon them, so as to apprise us of our dan-\\ngers, and point out to us the path of safety.\\nWe can become wiser than our forefathers, only\\nwhen we have mastered their knowledge and ex-\\nperience, and add our own thereto; but never by\\nobliterating the past, and starting upon a career\\nin the world, unprepared to meet and avoid its\\ndangers, and unfitted to take advantage of the op-\\nportunities it oifers us.\\nAs the Lutheran Church professes to be, and is,", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "556 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH\\nill intimate connection with the past, let her not\\nunwisely assume the character and put on the garb\\nof infancy, casting away her priceless history and\\nexperience, and starting upon a voyage on the\\nocean of life without compass, rudder, anchor, or\\nchart.\\nThese thoughts apply equally as well to the\\nlocal history of the Lutheran Church. Here in\\nAmerica, yes in every Province or State, events\\nhave occurred which have had their infiueuce\\nupon her character, and which it is our duty to\\nknow and to study. Had there been no depar-\\ntures either in faith or practice, there would never\\nhave been any divisions; this is a truth which ec-\\nclesiastical history teaches us on almost every\\npage. It was once thought wise and praiseworthy\\nto cast aside the shackles of the past, by which the\\nLutheran Church was believed to have been en-\\nslaved, and start her upon a new career with im-\\nproved doctrines, altered forms of worship and a\\nnew cultus; but events have proved, that nothing\\nhas been gained by this departure, but rather that\\nthereby she was wounded in the house of her\\nfriends.\\nIt is needless now to conceal the divisions that\\nare apparent in the Lutheran Church in the Curo-\\nlinas, as well as in America they do exist; and\\nall our lamentations, c., cannot heal them; they\\nare the legitimate developments of the past; let\\nus rather study them in the light of past experi-\\nence, in order that we may discover the mistakes\\ntiien made, which [\u00c2\u00bbrepared the way for such di-", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 557\\nvisions, and endeavor to heal them at their very\\nroot. Let us no longer make the attempt to\\nagree to disagree, but honestly ask for the old\\npaths, diligently study the faith once delivered\\nto the saints, so that we may intelligently and\\nearnestly contend for it; let us in this way seek\\nto become united in faith and practice, not from\\nmotives of policy, but as an honest conviction of\\nduty.\\nMay then also this history of the Lutheran\\nChurch in the Carolinas inspire our people and\\ntheir ministers with a greater respect for their\\ntime-honored Church, and build upon the founda-\\ntion which their forefathers in the days of the lie-\\nformers have laid, and do this with such a zeal\\nand energy, as proceeds onlj^ from a conscientious\\nconviction of duty; then indeed will their labor be\\nproductive both of the dissemination of the pure\\ndoctrines of God s word, and of the glory of God\\nin tlie advancement of our Savior s kingdom on\\nearth. The fact, that inquiry has been awakened\\nin regard to these tilings in the Lutheran Church\\nboth in Europe and in every section in America,\\nis a hopeful indication of her future healthy devel-\\nopment, and of her increased activity and pros-\\nperity.\\nThou shalt arise and have mercy upon Zion\\nfor the time to favor her, 3^ea, the set time, is come.\\nFor thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and\\nfavor the dust thereof. Psalm 102 13 and 14.\\nTHE END.", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "e", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2820", "width": "1705", "jp2-path": "historyofgermans00ber_0562.jp2"}}