{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2808", "width": "1742", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Class\\nBook.\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "SCHOOL HISTORY\\nOF\\nFLORIDA\\nBY\\nEDWIN L. GREEN, Ph.D.\\nProfessor of Greek in Central University, Richmond, Ky.\\nBALTIMORE, 1898\\nWILLIAMS WILKINS COMPANY,\\nPUBLISHERS.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "4350\\nCOPYRIGHT, 1893\\nEdwin L. Green\\nTWf .nnpiESRi-cEivEi).\\n-dfiti Copy", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "TO\\nHON. WILLIAM N. SHEATS,\\nTo whom, for his generous encouragement, this book is gratefully\\ndedicated by the author, who himself is a son of Florida.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe Honorable Superintendent of Public Instruc-\\ntion of Florida has for some time endeavored to obtain\\na history of the State for use in the public schools.\\nHearing that the author had been devoting study to\\nFlorida, he suggested that a book be written suited to\\nthe needs of his schools and this work is then due\\nfirst of all to his kind suggestion, but also to the gener-\\nous encouragement given at all times, especially in the\\nsecuring of a publisher. The author has made an at-\\ntempt to express in part his appreciation of this kind-\\nness by dedicating his humble book to the Honorable\\nSuperintendent William N. Sheats.\\nThis history is, as the title indicates, a school book,\\ndesigned to give to the children of the schools a\\nknowledge of the fascinating history of their native\\nState, and the author has endeavored to keep their\\nrequirements in view, especially in employing a plain\\nand simple style. Each chapter is divided into sec-\\ntions furnished with headings explaining their contents.\\nQuestions have been placed at the bottom of the page\\nto meet a possible want, and the principal dates have\\nbeen set in the margin, in order that the scholar may\\nthe more easily keep correct the course of events.\\nNearly a hundred illustrations, among them pictures\\nof nearly all the governors, add much to the interest\\nand value of the book. Maps drawn from the best\\nsources illustrate discoveries, settlements, and cam-\\npaigns. The narrative, which extends from the earli-\\nest period to the present, is based on the highest au-\\nthorities, some of whom may be found in the list of", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "books inserted for the use of teachers. The History\\nof Florida by the Floridian author, Mr. G. R. Fair-\\nbanks, requires special mention not only because of\\nits great excellence^ but because this book owes much\\nto it, often following it in preference to other authori-\\nties. Much information concerning West Florida\\nhas been obtained in the Historical Sketches of Colonial\\nFlorida, by Mr. R. L. Campbell, of Pensacola. Both\\nof these works are unfortunately out of print.\\nDr. Wm. T. Thom, of Baltimore, Md., has most\\nkindly read and criticised the manuscript, and Prof. H.\\nB. Adams, of the Johns Hopkins University, gener-\\nously examined it in part. Words of encouragement\\nhave been received from Rev. C. P. Walker, of Madi-\\nson, Fla., and from Prof. B. C. Graham, of Tampa,\\nFla. Hon. Wm. N. Sheats, Mr. L. R. Christhilf, of\\nBaltimore, Md., Mr. J. C. Green, of Pensacola, Fla.,\\nJudge Broome, of Orlando, Fla., Dr. R. Braden\\nMoore, of Vineland, N. J., and other friends, have\\nkindly aided in securing photographs for illustrations.\\nInformation concerning illustrations of historical\\nvalue, in particular, the pictures of those governors\\nnot obtained for the present edition, and also all cor-\\nrections to the present work will be gladly received\\nand acknowledged.\\nE. L. GREEN.\\nJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nFlorida discovered before 1513 Fountain of Youth Juan\\nPonce de Leon s discovery of Florida His attempt to set-\\ntle the same The name Florida\\nCHAPTER n.\\nPanfilo de Narvaez- Hernando de Soto Tristan de Luna.\\nCHAPTER in.\\nComing of the French to Florida Charles Fort Fort Caro-\\nline Arrival of Menendez.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nFounding of St. Augustine Destruction of Fort Caroline\\nSlaughter of Ribaut and his men.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nMutiny Activity of Menendez His visit to Spain Notable\\nrevenge of Dominic de Gourgues Return cf Menendez\\nHis death Sir Francis Drake at St. Augustine.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nIndians History Civilization Religion.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nSpanish Missions Fort Marion Pensacola.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nEncroachments of the English Spanish invasions of South\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0r Carolina Governor Moore invades Florida War between\\nPensacola and Mobile.\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe attacks St. Augustine Invasion of Geor-\\ngia by Governor Monteano.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nCondition of Florida in 1763 Transfer of Florida to Great\\nBritain East and West Florida.\\nCHAPTER XL\\nFlorida under British rule Inducements to settlers Dr.\\nTurnbull s colony at New Smyrna Representative govern-\\nment Revolutionary War Panton, Leslie and Co. Alex-\\nander McGillivray.\\nCHAPTER XIL\\nBritish rule in Florida, continued Old Rory Don Ber-\\nnardo de Galvez captures Pensacola Bahama Islands\\nseized Retransfer of Florida to Spain.\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nSecond Spanish occupation Boundary lines General Wil-\\nliam Augustus Bowles Two new Republics United States\\nsoldiers in Florida.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nWar of 1812 Tecumseh s visit to the Creeks and Seminoles\\nPercy and Nicholls ^Jackson at Pensacola.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nRepublic of Florida Seminole War ^Jackson invades the\\nFloridas Arbuthnot and Ambrister Second capture of\\nPensacola Provisional government Restoration to Spain.\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nPurchase of the Floridas Jackson appointed provisional\\ngovernor Territorial government.\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nFlorida as a Territory Site of the Capital Growth Banks\\nTrouble with Indians.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nSeminole War Dade s massacre Battle of the Withlacoo-\\nchee General Scott General Jesup Capture of Osceola.\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nSeminole War, continued General Taylor Major-General\\nMacomb Bloodhounds Capture of Wild Cat The\\ngallant Worth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Return of Wild Cat End of War.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nTerritorial governors Admission of Florida into the Union\\nRailroads Florida in i860.\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nSecession Seizure of Forts and Arsenals Fort Pickens\\nOperations of 1861 Coast held by Northern forces.\\nCHAPTER XXII.\\nCivil War, continued St. Johns Bluff Negro soldiers Cap-\\ntain Dickinson Olustee John Milton Surrender.\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nFlorida after the Civil War Reconstruction Impeachments\\nof Governor Reed Public schools Finance Return of\\nthe Democrats to power Election of 1876.\\nCHAPTER XXIV.\\nOpening of a new era Development of the public schools\\nConstitution of 1885 General progress of the State.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "SOME WORKS RELATING TO FLORIDA.\\nThis list contains only such works as are to be ob-\\ntained, and is for the use of teachers who may wish to\\nknow more about the history of Florida than can be\\nlearned from a school book. It is very much re-\\ngretted that Mr. G. R. Fairbanks History of Florida\\nis no longer in print. Mrs. E. C. Long, of Tallahas-\\nsee, has prepared a history whose appearance it is\\nhoped will not be long delayed.\\nBrinton, D. G., The Floridian Peninsula. D. McKay, 23\\nSouth Ninth street, Philadelphia $1.00\\nChambers, H. E., West Florida. The Johns Hopkins Press,\\nBaltimore $.25\\nDrake, S. A., Florida. Little, Brown Co., Boston. .25\\nFairbanks, G. R., History of St. Augustine. H. Drew Bro.,\\nJacksonville -75\\nFiske, J., Discovery of America, 2 vols. Houghton, Mifflin\\nCo., Boston $4.00\\nGatschet, A. S., A Migration-Legend of the Creeks. D. McKay,\\n23 South Ninth street, Philadelphia $3.00\\nLong, E. C, Florida Breezes. Ashmead Bros., Jackson-\\nville $1.00\\nMoore, Willson M., The Seminoles of Florida. American Print-\\ning House, 1019 Cherry street, Philadelphia .75\\nParkman, F., Pioneers of France in the New World. Little,\\nBrown Co., Boston $1.12\\nReid, M., Osceola, the Seminole, H. Drew Bro., Jackson-\\nville $1.50\\nReynolds, C. B., Old St. Augustine. H. Drew Bro., Jack-\\nsonville $1.50\\nSchaif, J. T., The Confederate States Navy. Rogers Sher-\\nwood, New York. $3-50\\nScott, W. A., The Repudiation of State Debts. Crowell Co.,\\n46 E. 14th street. New York $1.50", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Shea, J. G., Ancient Florida, in second vol. of J. Winsor s Nar-\\nrative and Critical History of America [excellent]. Hough-\\nton, Mifflin Co., Boston .$5-50\\nThe following papers may be consulted on the Semi-\\nnoles and the earlier tribes\\nGushing, F. H., Exploration of Ancient Key Dwellers Re-\\nmains on the Gulf Coast of Florida. 1896. Am. Philosophi-\\ncal Society, 104 South Fifth street, Philadelphia.\\nMaccauley, C, The Seminoles of Florida. Annual Report of\\nBureau of Ethnology, 1883-84, Washington, D. C.\\nMoore, C. B., Certain River Mounds of Duval Comity, Florida,\\netc. Vol. 8, Jour, of Acad, of Nat. Scien. of Phila. The\\nLevytype Company, Philadelphia.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "Juan Ponce de Leon.\\nFrom Winsor s Narr. and Crit. Hist.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF FLORIDA.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nFLORIDA DISCOVERED BEFORE 1513\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FOUNTAIN\\nOF YOUTH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JUAN PONCE DE LEON S DISCOV-\\nER% OF FLORIDA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS ATTEMPT TO SETTLE\\nTHE SAME\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE NAME FLORIDA\\nFlorida Discovered Before Juan Ponce de\\nLeon. According to the common story Juan Ponce\\nde Leon was the discoverer of Florida. But an old\\nmap, drawn ten years before Ponce de Leon sailed on\\nhis memorable voyage, shows a peninsula exactly\\nwhere the one named Florida was discovered.\\n1497 John Cabot explored the eastern coast of\\nAmerica in 1497; but it is very certain that he\\ndid not sail as far south as Florida. He could not\\nhave carried back information concerning land of\\nwhich he had no knowledge. About this same time\\nAmerigo Vespucci was making a secret examination\\nof what every one in those days supposed to be the\\nsouthern coast of Asia, and he has left a letter telling\\nabout his voyage. A comparison of the old map and\\nQ. Who discovered Florida according to the common\\nstory? What does an old map show? Tell about John Ca-\\nbot. What other exploration was going on at this same\\ntime? What did Amerigo \u00e2\u0096\u00a0espucci leave behind him?\\nWhat appears from a comparison of his letter and the old\\nmap", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "of Amerigo Vespucci s letter makes it appear that\\nhe who gave his name to America was the first to see\\nFlorida. It is also possible that the old map-maker\\nobtained information. from traders who had visited the\\nFloridian peninsula. One thing is certain that all re-\\nmembrance of any voyage before that of Juan Ponce\\nde Leon passed away completely from the mind of\\nman, though it is equally certain that he was not the\\nfirst to see Florida.\\nFountain of Youth. There was a story among\\nthe Indians of the West Indies that on the island of\\nSILVER SPRINGS.\\nBimini, one of the Lucayan (Baliaiiia) islands, there\\nexisted a fountain, whose magical water healed the\\nsick, made the old young again, and bestowed immor-\\ntal youth on all who bathed therein. Indians from the\\nBahamas, from Cuba, and even from Yucatan and\\nHonduras, were said to have gone in search of this", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "fountain. As they had never returned, it was fondly\\nbelieved that they were living in beautiful Bimini in\\nthe enjoyment of eternal youth.\\nThat the Indians should have believed in a magical\\nfountain is not strange. Beliefs of this kind have ex-\\nisted in various parts of the world, caused by real\\nsprings and so it may well be that some one of the\\nwonderful springs in Florida may have brought about\\nthe story of Bimini and its mystical fountain. The old\\nSpanish historian, Gomara, explains the origin of the\\ntale in a way that might be expected from a knightly\\nSpaniard. According to him the story arose because\\nin that region dwelt women of such rare beauty that old\\nmen, gazing upon them, felt themselves restored to the\\nvigor of youth.\\nAs the Spaniards had heard of a Fountain of Youth\\nin Asia, and as they imagined at first that America was\\npart of Asia, they readily believed that the magical\\nwaters were not far away.\\nJuan Ponce de Leon. One cavalier listened\\neagerly to the stories about Bimini. This was Juan\\nPonce de Leon, who was born in the province\\n1460 of Leon, Spain, about the year 1460. Arms\\n1 52 1 were his professions from his earliest youth.\\nHe fought before the walls of Granada, and\\nwhen Columbus sailed on his second voyage in 1493,\\nPonce de Leon was one of his companions. There is\\nQ. In what other way might the old map-maker have\\nheard of Florida? What thing is certain? What story was\\nthere among the Indians of the West Indies? Who were\\nsaid to have gone in search of Bimini? Why were they\\nsupposed to have found it? Why is the belief in the fountain\\nnot strange? What may have given rise to the story?\\n3", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "a story that he engaged in a conspiracy against the\\nGreat Discoverer. In Hayti Ponce de Leon won dis-\\ntinction in the wars against the natives and hearing\\nof gold to be found in Uoriquen {Porto Rico), secured a\\ncommission to conquer it, which he accompHshed after\\na severe struggle, only to find himself supplanted as\\ngovernor by one of the court favorites.\\nIt was now while he was in retirement that he first\\nheard of the fabulous Fountain of Youth. Here was\\njust the thing. What could he not do with all his\\nwealth of experience coupled with eternal youth? So\\ndazzled was the mind of every one by the discoveries\\nmade in the twenty years since the first voyage of Co-\\nlumbus, that when Ponce de Leon applied at the Span-\\nish court for a patent to discover and settle Bimini,\\nthe patent was secured, and no one deemed the dis-\\ncovery impossible. He obtained his patent\\n1512 in February, 15 12. He was to settle Bimini\\nFeb. within three years after the discovery, and if\\nno one had been there before him, he was to\\nbe governor of Bimini for life, with the title of adclan-\\ntado, or governor. At once he began to fit out an ex-\\npedition, but, trouble arising with the Indians in Porto\\nRico, he was detained in that island till the following\\nyear.\\nPonce be Leon Discovers Florida. In March,\\n1 5 13. Ponce de Leon set out with three caravels from\\nQ. Give Goniara s account of the origin of the story.\\nWhj (lid the Spaniards readily believe in the fountain? Who\\nlistened eagerly to the story? Tell of Ponce de Leon s life\\ntill we find him in Hayti. Tell of him in Hayti and Boriquen.\\nHow could tlie Fountain of Youth aid him? Why was the\\npatent to discover and settle Bimini granted him?\\n1512 the usual date given for the discovery of Florida, has been proven\\nwrong.\\n4", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "St. Germain, in Porto Rico. As Biniini was supposed\\nto be one of the Bahama Islands, he at first\\n15 13 cruised among these; but the search was not\\nMar. successful, and so after refitting at Guana-\\nhani, he steered toward the northwest,\\nhaving heard of land in that direction. On Easter\\nSunday, March 27, a low, fllat country was\\nMar. sighted, along which Ponce coasted until he\\n27 reached latitude 30\u00c2\u00b0 8 not far from the site\\nof St. Augustine. Here he anchored and\\nApr. 2 landed on the second of April. There was a\\ncustom among the early discoverers of giving\\na name to their discovery, taken from some peculiarity\\nattaching to the day on which the object was first\\nsighted. Accordingly. Ponce de Leon gave to this\\nnew country the name of Florida, from Pascua Florida,\\nthe Spanish name for Easter Sunday. Some writers\\nstate that Florida was so named because of\\n15 13 its flowery appearance. Six days after he had\\nApr. 8 landed, planting a cross, unfurling a banner\\nto the breeze, swearing allegiance to his sov-\\nereign, Ponce de Leon took possession of the country\\nin the name of the King of Spain.\\nFailure to Discover the Foitntain of Youth.\\nTurning the prows of his vessels to the south, the dis-\\ncoverer explored the southern coasts of Florida, find-\\ning and naming the Martyrs and the Tortugas. Sail-\\nQ. How soon was Ponce to settle Bimini? What oftice\\nwas he to receive? Why did he not set out at once for\\nBimini? From what place did he start? Where did he first\\nexplore? Why did he steer to the northwest? When did he\\nfirst sight land? Where did he go ashore? What custom did\\nthe early discoverers have? Why was the new country\\nnamed Florida?\\nS", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "ing around the extremity of the peninsula, Ponce ran\\nup the western shore to a bay in latitude 27\u00c2\u00b0 30\\nwhich for a long period bore his name. Worn out\\nand disappointed in his search for the Fountain of\\nYouth, he finally sailed himself for Porto Rico, leaving\\nhis lieutenant, Ortubia,\\nto continue the explora-\\ntion. Ponce de Leon\\nhad scarcely reached\\nPorto Rico, when Ortu-\\nbia arrived and reported\\nthat he had been suc-\\ncessful in his search for\\nBimini, but that the is-\\nland contained no foun-\\ntain of magic waters.\\nPonce de Leon s At-\\ntempt TO Settle Flor-\\nida. Ponce proceeded\\nto the court of Spain,\\nwhere his voyage fur-\\nnished the wits much\\nmerriment, now that it\\nhad proved a failure.\\nHowever, he secured a\\nsecond patent to settle\\nFlorida within three\\nyears from the time he\\nshould set sail. As was\\nthe case with the first\\nQ. Describe the ceremony of taking possession. Tell of\\nPonce s explorations on the southern coasts. How far up\\nthe western shore did he sail? Give an account of Ortubia.\\nHow was Ponce s voyage now treated at court? What patent\\ndid Ponce secure? How was he delayed?\\n3^**-\\nPONCE DE LEON S FIRST VOYAGE.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "vo^ ag\u00e2\u0096\u00a0e, so now he was delayed by a war with the In-\\ndians of the West Indies, for the Caribs had taken arms\\nagainst the Spaniards, and Ponce de Leon was called\\non to command against them.^ Meeting with a signal\\ndisaster at the outset, he turned over the command to\\none of his captains, and retired to Porto Rico, where\\nhe became a surly alcalde.\\nHe had now settled down to quiet service of his\\nking, when his ambition and his avarice were stirred\\nby the exploits of Cortes in Mexico, which threatened\\nto eclipse the fame of the earlier discoverers.\\n1 521 Accordingly, in February, 1521, he wrote to\\nCharles V that he was going shortly to the\\nIsland Florida for the purpose of settling it, and to\\nsee if it was really an island or was connected with the\\nland where Diego Velasquez is (Mexico) or any other.\\nPonce spent his entire fortune on the outfit of his expe-\\ndition. When he set sail, he carried with him in two\\nships, colonists, clergymen for these, priests for the In-\\ndians, horses, cattle, sheep, and swine. It is not known\\nwhere the expedition landed, though very likely on the\\nwestern coast. As the colonists were attempting to\\nerect dwellings, the natives attacked them with great\\nfury and Ponce de Leon was himself wounded in the\\nthigh by an arrow, while bravely fighting at the head\\nof his men. The colonists were driven to their ships,\\nand all idea of settling Florida was given up. Sick in\\nheart as well as in body. Ponce de Leon sailed for\\nQ. How did he succeed against the Caribs? What aroused\\nhim from his retirement? What did he write to Charles V?\\nTell of his expedition. Where did he land? What attack\\nwas made on the colonists? How was Ponce wounded?\\nWhere did he die? Give the observation of the old chron-\\nicler.\\n7", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "Cuba, where in a few days death released him from his\\npain. Thus, says an old chronicler, fate delights\\nto reverse the schemes of men. The discovery that\\nJuan Ponce flattered himself was to lead to a means of\\nperpetuating his life, had the ultimate effect of hasten-\\ning his death.\\nVoyages Along the Gui.f Coast. Before Ponce\\nde Leon made his second voyage, Diego Miruelo\\nsailed up the western coast of Florida in 15 16\\n15 16 on a trading expedition. He discovered a\\nliay which long bore his name, and which was\\njM obably Pensacola Bay. A year later Fernandez de\\nCordova landed on the western shore, but the\\n15 1 7 hostility of the natives compelled him to de-\\npart. In 15H) Francis de Garay, governor\\n15 19 of Jamaica, despatched an expedition under\\nthe conmiand of Pineda, who sailed along the\\nentire Gulf coast of Florida, passed the Mississippi\\nRiver, and coasted to Panuco in Mexico. This voyage\\nshowed that Florida was not an island, but a part of\\nthe mainland. If Ponce de Leon had heard of Pine-\\nda s voyage before he sailed himself in 1521, he seems\\nto have doubted what was told him, as in his letter,\\ndated Feb. 10, 1521, he speaks of the Island Florida\\nSpaniards on the Atlantic Coast. In 1520\\nLucas Vasquez de Ayllon, a rich officer of San Do-\\nmingo, sent out two ships which landed\\n1520 about where Charleston. S. C, now stands,\\nin the province of Chicora, for the purpose of\\nQ. Tell about the voyage of Diego Miruelo. Tell of Fer-\\nnandez de Cordova. Tell of Pineda s voyage. What wa.s\\nshown by this? Did Ponce de Leon believe Florida a part\\nof the mainland? Why did de Ayllon s ships land in Chi-\\ncora? What race was heard of?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "catching Indians to be used as slaves. It is a pity that\\nhis men did not meet with the race of giants of which\\nthey were told. The story goes that these giants were\\nmade so artificially by a process known only to certain\\nlearned and wise doctors. The nurse of the infant, it\\nis said, was fed on very nutritious food. Besides this\\nthe child s bones were softened by the application of\\nplasters of magic herbs, and, after some days, were\\nstretched, a process which was repeated from time to\\ntime till the child was enabled to grow taller than his\\nfellows. There was also another tale told to de Ayl-\\nlon s men about a race of people who had tails like\\nhorses tails, which they whisked about right merrily.\\nBut none of these men were seen.\\nSix years later this same de Ayllon attempted to\\nplant a Spanish colony on the very spot where the\\nEnglish afterwards built Jamestown. Winter\\n1526 came on before the colonists were prepared\\nto meet it many perished from the cold, the\\nIndians became hostile, de Ayllon himself died of a\\npestilential disease, and, finally, the colonists began\\nto quarrel among themselves. The settlement was in\\nconsequence broken up.\\nIn 1524 the Spanish government sent out Stephen\\nGomez, who examined the eastern coast of America\\nfrom Labrador to Florida, showing that the\\n1524 coast-line of the latter extended indefinitely\\nto the northeast. But northern countries\\nwere not considered of much value in those days. To\\nthe south, to the south, cries the historian, for the\\nQ. Tell how giants were made in Chicora. Of what\\nother race did de Ayllon s men hear? Give an account of\\nhis attempt to settle at Jamestown. What was shown by\\nGomez s voyage in 1524? What does the historian cry?\\n9", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "great and exceeding riches of the Equinoctiall they\\nthat seek riches must not go into the cold and frozen\\nNorth. There was a behef at that time that gold\\ncould be found only in hot countries.\\nFlorida Not the Same as Now. According to\\nSpanish writers the name Florida belonged to all\\nNorth America north of Mexico. When the French\\nbegan to lay claim to Canada and call it new France,\\nthey were trespassing on territory claimed by Spain\\nas a part of Florida. But to her protests the king of\\nFrance gave no heed. Moreover, he declared that the\\nkings of Spain and of Portugal were undertaking to\\nmonopolize the earth. If, he said. Adam had made\\nthem his heirs, it was nothing but just for them to pro-\\nduce a copy of his will and until they should do so,\\nhe would feel at perfect liberty to take whatever he\\ncould lay his hands on.\\nIn 1607 the English colony of Virginia limited Flor-\\nida to the country south of the 34th parallel\\n1607 of latitude, south of a line running through\\nCape Fear. With characteristic English\\nreadiness in appropriating territory the Carolina char-\\nter of 1663 fixed the parallel of 30\u00c2\u00b0 45 as the\\n1663 southern boundary of that colony. Two\\nyears later the line was carried south to 29\u00c2\u00b0,\\n1665 about fifty miles below St. Augustine, which\\nwould have left to the Spaniards only the end\\nof the peninsula. But, in reality, the Savannah River\\nQ. Where only was it thought that gold could be found?\\nWhat did Spain claim under the name Florida? Tell about\\nthe French king s reply to the protest of the king of Spain.\\nGive an account of the English encroachments.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "remained the southern hniit of the Enghsh colonies till\\nthe settlement of Georgia in 1732, when the\\n17^2 Georgia colonists gradually fixed the boun-\\ndary between Georgia and Florida as it now\\nis.\\n1721 In the meantime the French laid claim to\\nthe Mississippi Valley under the name of\\nLouisiana. A peaceful arrangement, made before 1721,\\nfixed the Perdido River as the dividing line between\\nFlorida and the French possession.\\nWhen the English came into possession of Florida\\nin 1763, they divided Florida into East and\\n1 763 West Florida, adding to the latter about half\\nof Alabama and Mississippi. This division\\nwas retained by Spain when she recovered Florida\\ntwenty years later, though West Florida was gradu-\\nally reduced to its present size.\\n1 82 1 After Spain surrendered the two Floridas\\nto the United States in 1821, Congress united\\nthem into one Territory.\\nQ. What did the French claim as Louisiana? What be-\\ncame of the dividing line between Florida and Louisiana?\\nTell about the division into East and West Florida. What\\nchange did the United States make?\\nII", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "i(.**- ii ills; c-J", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nPANFILO DE NARVAEZ\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HERNANDO DE SOTO\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nTRISTAN DE LUNA.\\nCortes Success Stimulates the Desire for\\nConquest: Panfilo de Narvaez. The success of\\nCortes in Mexico filled the minds of the Spaniards\\nwith visions of rich empires waiting for daring adven-\\nturers to come and take possession. This ignis fatuus\\nled many brave men to the wilds of the northern coun-\\ntry, from which the Spaniards had hitherto turned\\naway to seek for the gold of the South for only in the\\nwarm countries did they believe that precious metal\\ncould be found. The first to fit out an expedition to\\ncon(|uer himself a kingdom in the North was Panfilo\\nde Narvaez, who had been sent ovtt in 1520 to\\n1520 pursue Cortes, but had failed for one stormy\\nnight Cortes suddenly fell on his sleeping\\ncamp, took Narvaez himself prisoner, and won over\\nhis entire army. In the melee Narvaez lost an eye.\\nAfter his release he tried to obtain redress at the Span-\\nish court, but here again Cortes defeated him, this time\\nthrough Mexican gold. And so Narvaez was com-\\n])elle(l to seek some new land rich in gold and ready\\nfor the Spanish conqueror, as he too fondly dreamed.\\nQ. What effect did the success of Cortes have? Why had\\nthe Spaniards not tried to explore the northern country?\\nWho was the first to undertake to explore in this region?\\nTell of his experience with Cortes in 1520. What success\\ndid he have at court?\\nI.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "Accordingly, Charles V gave him a patent to conquer\\nand colonize the country on the Gulf of Mexico from\\nEXPEDITION OF NARVAEZ.\\nthe River of Palms to Florida, with\\nthe title of adelantado, never once\\nthinking of the rights of the natives,\\nwhom, in accordance with the custom\\nof those times, Narvaez was to sum-\\nmon to become Christians and sub-\\njects of the king of Spain, and, if they\\nrefused, to enslave them.\\nNarvaez Reaches Apalache. Narvaez started\\non his voyage June 17, 1527, but the desertion of part\\nof his men at San Domingo and the loss of\\n1527 two vessels in a hurricane delayed him for\\nJune 17 nearly a year, and it was not until April, 1528,\\nthat he finally set out for Florida, carrying\\n1528 four hundred men and eighty horses. His\\nApril pilot was Diego Miruelo, probably the same\\nMiruelo who had visited Florida in 15 16. A\\nstorm drove Narvaez s vessels into a bay somewhere\\nnorth of Tampa, perhaps Clearwater Bay. Here the\\nSpaniards landed and took possession of the country,\\nthinking all the while that they were not far from Mex-\\nQ. What country was Narvaez to conquer and colonize?\\nHow were the natives to be treated? Give an account of\\nNarvaez s expedition, the time of its starting, and its size.\\nWho was Diego Miruelo?\\n14", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "ico, a mistake that in the end cost the hves of all but\\nfour out of the entire three hundred who marched into\\nthe interior in quest of a fancied empire. About one\\nhundred men were left on board the vessels with in-\\nstructions to sail along the coast and wait at a certain\\nbay known to the pilot. This the remainder\\nApril 19 of the expedition was expected to reach after\\nexploring- the inland country. On the 19th\\nof April Narvaez struck out in a northeasterly direc-\\ntion, but on meeting Indians wearing ornaments of\\ngold he changed his course a few points to the north,\\nsince to all his questions about the place from which\\nthe precious metal was obtained the natives had an-\\nswered by pointing to the north and repeating Aba-\\nlachie, Abalachie To the Spaniards excited fancy\\nAbalachie was another Mexico, and so all efforts\\nwere made to reach that country. Provisions were\\nscarce the maize in the Indian fields was not yet ripe\\nmany of the trees which thickly covered the sandy soil\\nwere fallen, and the guides selected a road as nuich\\nobstructed as possible several rivers had to be\\ncrossed but Abalachie was to be the end of toil and\\nhardship. Narvaez plodded on till, on the\\nJune 25 25th of June, Abalachie was reached, and\\nhis eyes looked not on a magnificent capital\\nof a wealthy kingdom, but on an Indian hamlet of forty\\nwretched cabins. This native village seems to have\\nbeen on Miccosukee Lake, not far from the northern\\nborder of Florida. But the Indian guides had misled\\nthe Spaniards, for gold was really obtained in Aba-\\nlachie which was the name of a district that extended\\nQ. Tell about the landing of the expedition. What mis-\\ntake was made? How was the expedition divided? Give\\ntlie direction of the line of march inland.\\n15", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "to North Georgia, wht^e the remains of ancient gold\\nmines are still to be seen.\\nAuTE. The Spaniards remained at Abalachie\\nabout a month, constantly harassed by the natives,\\nalmost on the verge of starvation, until hunger com-\\npelled them to seek for Ante, distant a nine days jour-\\nney, which was represented as abounding in corn,\\nsquashes, and gourds, with a plentiful supply of fish\\nin the sea nearby.\\nFrom Abalachie to\\nAnte, the whole way\\nwas beset by Indian\\nwarriors of immense\\nsize, whose arrows\\ncould pene-\\n1528 trate a small-\\nsized tree, as\\nit appeared to the\\nfrightened Spaniards.\\nWhenAute was reach-\\ned, it was found a\\nsmoking heap of ashes\\ndeserted by its inhabi-\\ntants. One day more\\nbrought them to the\\nshores of a bay {Apa-\\nlacJiicolaf), which re-\\nceived from Narvaez\\nINDIAN WARRIOR.\\nQ. How did the natives answer Narvaez s questions about\\nthe country where gold was obtained? What did he think of\\nAbalachie Give an account of the difficulties of the jour-\\nney. What was the town of Abalachie Where was it\\nsituated? Where was gold really to be found? Tell of the\\nstay at Abalachie Give an account of Ante. How was\\nthe journey to Ante beset?\\n16", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "the name of Bahia de Cavallos {Bay of Horses) but\\neven here the Indians did not allow them to catch fish\\nand oysters in peace and, to add to their sufferings,\\nsickness broke out in August.\\nThe Spaniards Build Boats in Order to Es-\\ncape. It is to be remembered that the ships were to\\nwait for Narvaez at a bay of which the pilot knew. The\\n])ay was not found as expected, and so the vessels re-\\nturned at once to the harbor at which the expedition\\nhad landed, too late, however, to catch Narvaez nor\\nwas he ever seen, although they cruised along the\\ncoast for nearly a year. The Spaniards at Bahia de\\nCavallos were in despair their ships were not in sight\\ntheir food supply was limited and sickness had re-\\nduced the majority to mere skeletons nothing re-\\nmained but to build boats and to try to reach Mexico.\\nIn six weeks five boats, each twenty-two cubits long,\\nwere ready for the water, a truly marvellous achieve-\\nment, considering that there was but a single carpen-\\nter, though aided by every one able to work. Nails\\nand bolts were made at a rude forge out of guns,\\nswords, stirrups, and bridle-bits ropes were woven\\nfrom the tails and manes of the horses and from pal-\\nmetto fibre sails were clothes sewn together water\\nwas carried in bottles made from the skins of the\\nhors\u00e2\u0082\u00acs, whose flesh furnished provisions.\\nVoyage, Shipwreck, Survivors. On the 22d of\\nSeptember these five frail boats, utterly unfit to go to\\nQ. In what condition was Ante found? What bay was\\nreached? How did the Spaniards fare here? Give an ac-\\ncount of Narvaez s ships. What were the Spaniards at Ba-\\nhia de Cavallos compelled to do? Tell of the boats. How\\nwere nails and ropes obtained? What were sails made of?\\nHow was water carried?\\n3 17", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "sea, set out along the northern shore of the Gulf of\\nMexico, each loaded to the water s edge with\\n1528 forty-eight men. Narvaez led the way in\\nSept. 22 the first boat, putting into the mouths of riv-\\ners and creeks from time to time, running be-\\ntween Santa Rosa Island and the mainland, and finally\\nreaching the mouth of a large river {Mississippi f)\\nwhich ran violently into the sea, and where two of the\\nboats, one of them Narvaez s own, were swamped in\\nthe current and all on board lost. The remaining three\\nboats were wrecked, one after the other, on the coast\\nof Louisiana or Texas. Their crews fell victims to the\\ncruelty of the Indians or to disease and starvation, till\\nonly four were left alive to escape to their countrymen\\nin Mexico after years of wandering among the hunter\\ntribes of southwestern United States. One of these\\nsurvivors was the treasurer of the expedition, Cabeza\\nde Vaca, who has left us a narrative of the wanderings\\nof himself and his three companions.\\nHernando de Soto. When Cabeza de Vaca re-\\nturned to Spain, he talked in such a mysterious way\\nabout rich provinces\\nthrough which he had\\npassed, that men de-\\nsired more than ever to\\nexplore the interior of\\nthe continent. The\\nnext man to try his\\nfortune in the northern\\ncountry after Narvaez\\nwas Hernando de Soto,\\nwho was eager to rival\\nHERNANDO DE SOTO. From ivinsor. Cortes and Pizarro, and\\nwhose imagination was in consequence stimulated by\\n18", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "the tales of de Vaca. Hernando de Soto came out to\\nthe New World at an early age. When Pizarro re-\\nceived reinforcements after his landing in Peru, their\\nleader was Hernando de Soto, who played an honor-\\nable and gallant part in the overthrow of the empire of\\nthe Incas. On his return to Spain Soto carried as his\\nshare of the booty the magnificent sum of one hun-\\ndred and eighty thousantl ducats, part of which was\\nborrowed by the emperor, who the more easily for that\\nreason gave him a patent to conquer and settle the ter-\\nritory formerly granted to Narvaez, and in addition to\\nthis the province discovered by de Ayllon. His repu-\\ntation and his previous good fortune attracted large\\nnumbers to his standard. Consequently\\n1538 when he sailed from Spain in 1538 he carried\\nwith him six hundred as high-born and well-\\ntrained men as ever went out to try their fortune in\\nthe New World. Soto s wife accompanied him to\\nCuba, where she spent the winter with him and re-\\nmained to await his return after his departure for\\nFlorida in the spring of 1539.\\nOn the i8th of May. 1539, the expedition, consisting\\nof five ships, two caravels, and two pinnaces, sailed\\nfrom Havana, and in six days made a bay on\\n1539 the western coast which de Soto named Es-\\nMay 18 piritu Santo, because he had discovered it on\\nthe 25th of May, the day of the Feast of Pen-\\ntecost. [This bay was usually known in early narra-\\nQ. Describe the voyage and shipwreck of the expedition.\\nWhat became of the crews of the boats lost on the coast of\\nLouisiana or Texas? How many survived to reach Mexico?\\nWhat has Cabeza de Vaca left behind him? How did he talk\\nin Spain about the provinces he had seen? Who was the\\nsecond to try his fortune in the northern country?\\n19", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "tives by the name of Espiritu Santo, but is noW called\\nTampa from one of the ancient Indian vil-\\nMay 25 lages in that region. The name Tampa first\\nappears on a map in Herrera s History pub-\\nlished in 1 60 1.] De Soto was not without some\\nknowledge of the coast of Florida before he\\n1539 left Cuba, for he had prudently despatched\\nJuan de Afiasco to seek a suitable harbor for\\nthe ships, so as not to run the risk of losing them on\\nan unknown shore. Aiiasco learned in the course of\\nhis explorations that there was a Spaniard living\\namong the Indians somewhere on the western coast,\\nwho had been captured at the time of Narvaez s expe-\\ndition.\\nJuan Ortiz. When Panfilo de Narvaez landed in\\nFlorida in 1528, he at once sent one of his vessels back\\nto Cuba to inform his wife of his safe arrival and she\\ndespatched this same vessel with supplies for her hus-\\nband, but it arrived too late to catch him before he\\nmarched into the interior. On the shore the sailors\\nsaw a letter sticking in a split reed, and, thinking it\\nhad been left there by Narvaez, made signs to the na-\\ntives on the beach to bring it out to them; but these\\nrefused to do so, urging by signs that the sailors\\nshould themselves come after it. Two young fellows,\\none of them named Juan Ortiz, a youth of eighteen,\\nrowed ashore. They had scarcely set foot on dry land\\nwhen the Indians rushed on them, made them prison-\\ners, and carried them to their chief Hirrihigua. Hir-\\nQ. What had de Soto done in Peru? What share of the\\nbooty fell to his lot? What territory did his patent assign\\nhim? Why did men flock to his standard? How many went\\nwith him? Tell about his wife. Give an account of Soto s\\nexpedition. Give an account of the name of Tampa Bay.\\n20", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "riliigua had been most cruelly treated by Narvaez, and\\nwas burning to avenge his injuries. Ortiz s compan-\\nion was tortured to death, and he was himself stretched\\nover a bed of hot coals on a stage made of green sticks\\nof wood. The heat from the coals had begun to roast\\nthe flesh on his back, when the lovely young daughter\\nof the chief threw herself at her father s feet and be-\\nsought him with tears to spare the innocent youth.\\nHer tears prevailed Ortiz was unbound, and carried\\nto the lodge of her father, where the young maiden\\nand her mother applied healing herbs to his wounds,\\nand tenderly nursed him until he was well again. But\\nto Hirrihigua the sight of the white man was hateful.\\nSo he set Ortiz to watch over the Indian graveyard\\nto keep wild beasts from carrying off the dead bodies\\nfrom the wooden cofifins in which they were laid and\\ncovered with a board held down by a stone and the\\nchief threatened that death should be the penalty if he\\nfailed to keep the bodies safe. One night Ortiz fell\\nasleep and was suddenly aroused by the crash of a\\nfalling board, but in the darkness he could see nothing,\\nso he lay still listening. Presently, he heard a sound\\nas of some animal gnawing a bone, and in the direc-\\ntion of the sound he hurled a dart which caused the\\nnoise to cease but he did not during the night exam-\\nine to find if he had killed any beast. The morning\\nlight revealed a lion pierced through with the dart. Or-\\ntiz dragged the animal to the village, where his exploit\\nbrought kind treatment for several days. But Hirri-\\nQ. What prudent thing did Soto do? Whom did Anasco\\nhear of? Tell about the vessel Narvaez sent back to his wife.\\nRelate the story of the letter. To whom were the young\\nSpaniards carried? How were they treated? How was Ortiz\\nrescued?\\n21", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "higua could not be satisfied Ortiz must die. Tlie\\ndaughter, however, knew of her father s determina-\\ntion and begged the youth to fly to a neighboring ca-\\ncique named Mucoso, to whom she was betrothed, and\\nwho would protect him for her sake. Mucoso re-\\nceived Ortiz as the maiden had said, and protected\\nhim against all the demands of her father, although\\nHirrihigua in consequence of that protection refused\\nto give his daughter to Mucoso as his bride.\\nDe Soto Finds Ortiz. When Hernando de Soto\\narrived in Florida in 1539, Juan Ortiz had now been\\namong the Indians for over ten years, and\\n1539 had a knowledge of their language which\\nwould render him valuable as an interpreter.\\nFor this reason, Soto was delighted to hear that Ortiz\\nwas at no great distance from Espiritu Santo Bay for\\nthe two natives whom Aiiasco had carried to Cuba to\\nbecome interpreters proved utterly useless. Having\\nlearned from some native women the direction in which\\nto go to find Ortiz, Soto despatched a lieutenant and a\\ncompany of horsemen to fetch him. The horsemen had\\nnot proceeded very far on their way before they met\\nOrtiz, who had heard of the white men and was en-\\ndeavoring to reach their camp. He came very near\\nnever getting there, for not only had he forgotten his\\nnative tongue but he looked so much like an Indian\\nthat one of the horsemen tried to run him through\\nwith a spear, and would have done so if Ortiz had not\\nQ. How were Ortiz s wounds cured? What did Hirrihi-\\ngua next do with Ortiz? How were the corpses of the dead\\nIndians treated? Relate the story of the wild beast which\\nOrtiz killed. What effect did his exploit have? How was\\nhe rescued from the cruelty of the chief? How well did\\nMucoso protect the young Spaniard?\\n22", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "cried out Xibilla for Sevilla, the name of his native\\ncity and the only word of Spanish he remembered. He\\nremained with Soto during his long wandering and\\ndied a few months before him in the country west of\\nthe Mississippi River. As an interpreter he was not\\nall that was expected, as he knew only the language\\nof the tribe among whom he had dwelt. Consequently,\\nit was necessary for Soto to take an Indian from each\\ntribe, so that he might converse with one from the last\\ntribe through which the expedition had passed, and\\nso on through a line of\\nIndians until Ortiz j\\nwas reached. Of C\\ncourse, what was said\\nat one end of the line\\nwas very different\\nfrom what arrived at the other end.\\nSoto Marches Through Florida.\\nOn the 15th of July, Soto, having sent\\nhis largest ships back to Cuba, com-\\nmenced a northward march\\n1539 among the swamps and lakes\\nJuly of Florida, fighting his way\\n15 step by step against the war-\\nlike natives, who were very route of de soto.\\ndifferent from the races he had met be-\\nfore in Central America and Peru. Besides the nature\\nQ. How long was Ortiz among the Indians? Why was\\nSoto delighted to hear he was not far away? Tell about the\\nhorsemen sent to find him. Why did he come near being\\nkilled? How long did he stay with Soto? Why was he not\\na good interpreter? What was necessary? How did the\\nwords at one end of the line compare with those at the\\nother?\\n23", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "of the country and the fierceness of its inliabitants,\\nanother obstacle in the way of the conquistador (con-\\nqueror) was the lack of provisions, which had to be ob-\\ntained from the Indian fields. And these were very\\nscattered, furnishing, moreover, very little food, since\\ncorn was not yet ripe so that the Spaniards were com-\\npelled to eat the young shoots of corn, palmetto roots,\\nand water cresses. At the end of the second day s\\njourney Soto reached the village of Mucoso, the\\ncacique who had so generously protected Juan\\nOrtiz. Twenty-five leagues more brought him to the\\nWithlacoochee River, and beyond this lay the province\\nof Ocali, where was found a plentiful supply of vege-\\ntables, nuts, dried grapes, and other fruits. Leaving\\nOcali, the Spaniards entered the country ruled by V.i-\\ntachuco, the most powerful of all the Indian chiefs in\\nFlorida. His subjects fought the invaders continu-\\nally, and on one occasion engaged them in a grand\\nbattle, in which, it is said, two hundred Indians who\\nhad been forced into a lake, fought for a full day and\\nnight without putting foot on bottom. Seven days\\nlater the nine hundred prisoners taken in this battle\\nsuddenly rose on their white captors and made a des-\\nperate struggle to escape, one of them coming very\\nnear throttling Soto himself. A large river\\n1539 {Suwannee) was next crossed with much\\ndifficulty, and the town of Anhayea, in the\\nQ. What did Soto do before commencing his march?\\nMention difficulties in his way. How did the Indians of\\nFlorida compare with those of Central America and Peru?\\nGive an account of the food of the Spaniards. Describe the\\nmarch as far as Ocali. Tell about Vitachuco and the battle\\nhis subjects fought. What did the prisoners do seven days\\nlater?\\n24", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "neigliborhood of Tallahassee, was reached during the\\nmonth of October. Here the expedition spent the\\nwinter, parties in the meantime exploring the country\\nin every direction.\\nDuring the course of the winter Aiiasco went with a\\ncompany of horsemen to Ante, where he saw in a\\ngrove near the coast the bones of the horses which had\\nbelonged to Narvaez s unfortunate men. He after-\\nwards rode to Espiritu Santo Bay in ten days, al-\\nthough Soto had been three months marching from\\nthere to Anhayea and he brought back to the bay near\\nAute the vessels which had been left at Espiritu Santo\\nBay when the expedition marched into the interior.\\nThese vessels were useful in exploring the coast west-\\nward from Ante and the commandant Maldonado re-\\nported on his return that he had found a beautiful har-\\nbor (Pcnsocola Bay), which he called Achusee.\\nIn March of the next year Soto left his winter quar-\\nters, and, having made an appointment with Mal-\\ndonado to meet him in the fall at Achusee,\\n1540 marched towards the northeast, since he had\\njMarch heard of a rich realm in that direction,\\nabounding in gold and pearls. His line of\\nmarch carried him through Middle and North Geor-\\ngia, then, by a sudden turn to the southwest, to Mau-\\nbila, about one hundred and fifty miles north of Pensa-\\ncola, where he heatd from the Indians of Maldonado s\\narrival at Achusee. From Maubila he marched north-\\nQ. Where did Soto spend the winter? What did Aiiasco\\nfind at Aute? Give an account of his mission to Espiritu\\nBay. What bay did Maldonado find? What appointment\\nwas he to keep with Soto? Did he keep it? Relate the ac-\\ncount given of Soto s wanderings. Where was Soto buried?\\n25", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "westerly to the country beyond the Mississippi, whose\\nwaters were the final resting place of the worn-out\\nconquistador. His band sailed down the Mississippi,\\nand, after much suffering-, reached their friends in\\nMexico, reduced to about one-fourth their original\\nnumber.\\nSoto s Cruel Treatment of the Indians.\\nThough as a rule the early Spanish explorers had no\\nregard for the life or welfare of the natives, yet the ex-\\ncessive cruelty sliown by Hernando de Soto in Florida\\nwould scarcely have been expected from one who had\\nbehaved so gallantly and honorably in the campaign\\nin Peru. He made it a practice to seize the cacique\\nof the province through which he w^as passing and to\\ncompel him to attend the expedition until the territory\\nof the next chief was reached, when he was let go.\\nBut it was a rare thing for Soto to let loose the ca-\\ncique s subjects who were forced to carry the baggage\\nof the Spaniards and to do other menial service, loaded\\nwith heavy chains and iron collars. Large numbers\\ndied from neglect and harsh treatment, for it was nmch\\neasier to get new carriers than to care for those who\\nwere sick. Soto s line of march was one long line of\\nblood and devastation and so it was that when Tristan\\nde Luna in after years reached the province of Coga\\n(Coosa County, Ala.) which had lain across Soto s\\ntrack, he found the fields uncultivated and the inhabi-\\ntants scattered from their homes.\\nQ. What became of Soto s followers? How did the early-\\nSpanish explorers treat the Indians? Give an account of\\nSoto s method of treating thein. Why were the sick not\\ncared for? How was Soto s line of march marked? What\\ndid Tristan de Luna find at Coga? Tell about the shipwreck\\nin 1545.\\n26", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Need of a Settlement in Florida. In 1545 a\\ntreasure-ship went ashore on the coast of Florida,\\nand the majority of the two hundred persons who\\nescaped to land were put to death by the In-\\ndians, while the remainder became slaves of\\nthe savages. Eight years later the Spanish plate-\\nfleet, carrying gold, silver, and other precious\\n1553 commodities, was wrecked on the northern\\nshore of the Gulf of Mexico. It is said that\\nout of the one thousand persons on board the\\nwrecked vessels only\\nthree hundred reached\\nthe land, and that of\\nthese only one man suc-\\nceeded in getting to\\nMexico. These disas-\\nters showed that it was\\nnecessary to have posts\\non the dangerous coast\\nof Florida to protect\\nlife and property.\\nDominicans in\\nFlorida. In Central\\nAmerica the Domini-\\ncan Fathers\\n1549 had been very\\nsuccessful in\\nchristianizing a district\\nknown as the Land of\\nWar into which no\\nSOLDIER OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY.\\nQ. Give an account of the shipwreck on the northern\\nshore of the Gulf in 1553. Tell about the Land of War\\nWhat did the Dominicans attempt to do in 1549?\\n27", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Spaniard dared enter. So in 1549 four of these\\nfathers sailed from Havana to see if they\\n1549 could not effect a peaceful conquest of\\nFlorida. Their vessel put into Espiritu Santo\\nBay, where two of the missionaries went ashore, and,\\nfinding the natives friendly, went with them to their\\nhuts but they were never seen again, for their sup-\\nposed friends murdered them, as was learned from\\nJuan Munoz, one of Soto s men who had been taken\\ncaptive by the Indians and made a slave, and who es-\\ncaped to the missionaries by swimming out to their\\nvessel. The head of the expedition, Fray Luis Can-\\ncer de Bastro, did not allow himself to be discouraged,\\nand insisted on going ashore. As he reached the\\nbeach, those on board saw him first kneel and then\\nrising walk towards the throng of savages, one of\\nwhom took off his cap, while a second felled him to the\\nground with his club. Thus the first missionary jour-\\nney to Florida came to a sad end, as the remaining\\nfather, deterred by the fate of Cancer, sailed away to\\nCuba as fast as the wind could carry him.\\nDon Tristan de Luna y Arellano. Although\\nevery effort to colonize Florida had so far failed, there\\nstill remained the necessity of having military posts on\\nits coasts- Besides, the natives ought not to\\n1556 remain heathen, but become Christians. Ac-\\ncordingly, in 1556, the Council of the Indies\\nadvised Philip II to entrust the conquest and settle-\\nment of Florida to Don Luis de Velasco, the wise and\\nQ. What happened to two of them? Who was Juan\\nMunoz? Relate the story of Father Cancer s death? What\\ndid the other do? Why was it necessary to colonize Florida?\\nWhat advice did the Council of the Indies give Philip II?\\n28", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "prudent viceroy of Mexico, styled in history the Father\\nof the Indians, because of his unwavering\\n1558 protection of their rights. Two years later Ve-\\nlasco despatched vessels to search out a suit-\\nable harbor for his expedition, which was to form a\\npeaceable settlement and cultivate the friendship of the\\nIndians. The commandant of these vessels reported in\\nfavor of Pensacola Bay, after an investigation of sev-\\neral months. Com-\\nmand of the expedition\\nwas given to\\n1559 Don Tristan de\\nLuna y Arel-\\nlano, who set sail from\\nVera Cruz,\\nJune Mexico, in\\nJune, 1 559, car-\\nrying fifteen hundred\\nsoldiers and settlers,\\nseveral priests and friars\\neager to convert the In-\\ndians, and provisions for\\na year and by the first\\nday of July came to an-\\nchor in a bay a short tristan de luna, 1559-60.\\ndistance east of Pensacola Bay, as one account has it,\\nor, according to another account, which is here fol-\\nlowed, in Pensacola Bay itself. Vessels were de-\\nspatched to announce the arrival, one to Mexico,\\nQ. Tell about the preparatory expedition. Describe Tris-\\ntan de Luna s outfit. Where did he land? What was first\\ndone? Give an account of the gale. What did de Luna\\nthen do?\\n29", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "another to Spain. Exploring parties were sent out in\\nevery direction to ascertain the character of the coun-\\ntry. The stores had been partly brought ashore from\\nthe ships when, on the 20th of September, a gale de-\\nstroyed nearly the whole fleet, and drove one caravel\\nwith its cargo on land and up into a grove. In\\nconsequence of the loss of his provisions Tris-\\ntan de Luna despatched a company of\\nhorsemen to seek the province of Coga (Coosa\\nComity, Ala), where some of his men had\\n1559 been with Hernando de Soto. After a march\\nof forty days they came to Nanipacna. a town\\non the banks of a river which they could not cross,\\nhaving travelled the whole way through a barren coun-\\ntry. In the meantime the relief supplies received by\\nde Luna from Mexico had been exhausted, and he had\\ndecided to remove to Nanipacna with all his colonists\\nexcept a few who were to remain as a guard at Pensa-\\ncola Bay, as it had been reported to him that in Nani-\\npacna were supplies of corn, beans, and other vegeta-\\nbles. Accordingly, about one thousand men, women\\nand children marched into the interior and took pos-\\nsession of the Indian village. In a short time they\\nconsumed the supply of food provided by the Indians,\\nand were forced to eat acorns, which were boiled to re-\\nlieve them of their bitterness, and the tender leaves\\nand twigs of trees. When they were very near star-\\nvation, Tristan de Luna sent out the sergeant-major\\nto make a further search for Coca. The sergeant-\\nmajor and his party sufifered greatly from hunger,\\nQ. What town was readied? What had de Luna de-\\ncided? Why? How many people went to Nanipacna? Tell\\nabout the food of these colonists. What expedition was sent\\nout?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "seeming unable to capture the game in which the coun-\\ntry abounded, until they reached a district where\\nchestnuts and hickory nuts grew, and after a march of\\nfifty days arrived at a town on the Olibahaki {Alabama\\nRiver). Here provisions were plentiful, but their wel-\\ncome soon wore out, and the Indians adopted a neat\\nscheme to get rid of them. An Indian was dressed up\\nto represent an ambassador from Co^a, whose ruler,\\nlie informed the Spaniards, was anxious to entertain\\nthem and he led them on the way thither a\\n1560 distance of one day s journey, when in the\\ndarkness of the night he suddenly disap-\\npeared. Although they thus lost their guide, the Span-\\niards pushed forward, and did in the end reach Coga\\nbut much to their disappointment, they found the fields\\nbadly cultivated and the inhabitants scattered, a con-\\ndition of affairs due, as said before, to Hernando de\\nSoto. The sergeant-major was welcomed by the In-\\ndians of Coga, and as a return for their kindness aided\\nthem in a war against their neighbors. In order to make\\na report to the general at Nanipacna, he despatched\\ntwelve men, who rode rapidly to that village. But\\nthese did not find him, for he had concluded that the\\nsergeant-major and his company had been destroyed\\nby the natives, and had moved his colony back to Pen-\\nsacola Bay, not, however, without leaving a letter bur-\\nied in a vase at the foot of a tree, upon which was\\ncarved Dig below\\nQ. Give an account of the sergeant-major s experience\\non the road. Give an account of the scheme by which the\\nIndians got rid of the Spaniards. How was Co(;a found to\\nbe cultivated? Why? Tell of the sergeant-major s stay.\\nWhat had become of Tristan de Luna in the meantime? Tell\\nabout the letter.\\n31", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "Failure of Tristan de Luna s Colony. Having\\ndiscovered the letter the twelve men pushed on to Pen-\\nsacola Bay, where they found a deplorable state of\\nafifairs. A large part of the settlers were in revolt,\\nheaded by Juan de Ceron, master of the camp, and\\nwere insisting on leaving the country as soon as possi-\\nble. Two friars sailed to Havana, and thence to Mexico\\nto report to Velasco the plight of the colonists and to\\nbeg for additional supplies. The news was so inipleas-\\nant that the viceroy refused at first to believe them,\\nalthough he did despatch a vessel with provisions to\\nPensacola Bay.\\nThe arrival of the twelve messengers made matters\\nworse by their report on the province of\\n1560 Coga. A secret message was sent by the\\nmutineers to the sergeant-major that the\\ncolonists were about to leave and so he and his com-\\npany came to Pensacola Bay. Still the dis-\\nNov. sension was not healed, though the priests\\nexerted their powers to the utmost. Finally,\\njust as Father Domingo had succeeded during Holy\\nWeek in bringing Juan de Ceron and Tristan de Luna\\ntogether for a peaceable settlement of the difficulty,\\nAngel de Villafane arrived on his way to Santa Elena,\\nand offered an opportunity to leave the country to all\\nwho wished to do so. A council was held, and the\\nvote was almost unanimous for abandoning the colony.\\nQ. What state of affairs did the messengers find at Pen-\\nsacola? What was Juan de Ceron doing? Give an account\\nof the two friars. Wliat effect did the arrival of the mes-\\nsengers have? What messenger was sent by the mutineers?\\nHow did the priests conduct themselves? What success did\\nFather Domingo have? Give an account of Angel de Villa-\\nfaiie. How did the vote of the council stand?\\n32", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Tristan de Luna, seeing himself forsaken, set sail for\\nCuba with five or six servants. After this all the colo-\\nnists, except fifty or sixty soldiers under Captain\\nBiedma, who were to remain six months longer, em-\\nbarked onVillafaiie s ships and came to Havana, where\\npart left him, the remainder accompanying him to\\nSanta Elena. Nothing was accomplished here, and\\nsoon Villafane sailed to San Domingo. Florida was\\nabandoned.\\nOn the 23rd of September, 1561, Philip II, king of\\nSpain, declared that no further attempts\\n1 56 1 would be made to settle any part of Florida,\\nSept. since there was no danger of a French settle-\\n2^ ment in that region and in this opinion he\\nwas supported by his most experienced\\nofficers.\\nQ. What did de Luna do? To what place did the colon-\\nists go with Villafane? What declaration did Philip II make?\\n4 33", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nCOMING OF THE FRENCH TO FLORIDA-\\nCHARLES FORT\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FORT CAROLINE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ARRIVAL\\nOF MENENDEZ.\\nFrench Begin to Colonize Florida. It is curi-\\nous to note that within a few months after PhiHp II\\nhad declared there was no danger of the French mak-\\ning a settlement in Florida, a colony of Frenchmen was\\nestablished at what is now Port Royal in South Caro-\\nlina, then a part of Florida. At this period the Hugue-\\nnots and Catholics of France were engaged in civil war\\nwith each other. The head of the former was the famous\\nAdmiral Coligny, who conceived the magnificent idea\\nof founding a -Protestant empire where the Huguenots\\nmight take refuge, if they should be driven from their\\nnative country. The first attempt on the shores of\\nBrazil proved a failure, the second on the coast of\\nFlorida succeeded no better, as the story of Charles\\nFort will show.\\nCharles Fort. In February, 1562, Jean Ribaut\\nsailed from France with two vessels and reached\\nthe coast of Florida near the site of St. Augus-\\ntine. Not landing, he ran northward along the coast\\nto the mouth of a river (St. Johns), which he\\nnamed May, because he found it on the first\\nr eb\\nday of May.* Here he erected a stone pillar\\n*The native name of the St. Johns River was Walaka, the river of many\\nlakes. Riviere de Mai {River of May) was the name given it by the French\\nthe Spaniards called it Rio Mateo (River Matthew), or Rio Picolato {River\\nPicolato), and at a later time Rio San Juan {River St. John), which the Eng-\\nlish changed to St. Johns, and St. Whan (=Juan, hoo-an).\\n34", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "engraved with the arms of France, as a sign that Flor-\\nida was claimed as a possession of the French king.\\nFrom the St. Johns Ribaut sailed about ninety\\nleagues to the north, to the harbor of Port Royal,\\nS. C, where he persuaded a number of his men\\nto remain as the beginning of a settlement which\\nshould grow into an empire. A small fort was built\\nand named Charles Fort, in honor of the king of\\nFrance, Charles IX. Leaving Captain Albert and\\ntwenty-five soldiers at Charles Fort, Jean Ribaut de-\\nparted for France, expecting to return in a short time\\nbut on his arrival in that country he found the civil\\nwar raging, which prevented him from returning to\\nCharles Fort, and its very existence was almost for-\\ngotten.\\nAt Charles Fort everything went gaily, until provis-\\nions began to grow scarce, and no sail appeared bring-\\ning promised relief. Mutiny then broke out Captain\\nAlbert was murdered and, despairing of aid from\\nFrance, the survivors of the original twenty-five built\\na boat in which they expected to cross the Atlantic,\\nthe craziest craft, perhaps, that ever sailed that ocean.\\nIt had been built by men ignorant of the art of carpen-\\ntry, had been caulked with moss, and was propelled\\nby sails made of shirts. Their provisions gave out in\\nmid-ocean, and one man had already been killed and\\neaten, when the remainder were rescued by an English\\nvessel and carried to London.\\nQ. What curious coincidence is mentioned? What was\\nthe condition of affairs in France at this time? Tell about\\nAdmiral Coligny s scheme. What success had his first col-\\nony met with? What expedition sailed from France in 1562?\\nGive an account of Jean Ribaut at the mouth of the St.\\nJohns River.\\n35", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "Fort Caroline. Quiet was restored in France in\\n1563, and during the next year Admiral Coligny\\nturned his attention again to the estabHsh-\\n1564 nient of a Huguenot colony in Florida. The\\ncommandant of this new expedition was\\nRene de Laudonniere, a small, wiry Frenchman, a\\nFORT CAROLINE. De Bry IS9I.\\nQ. Give the different names of the St. Johns River {^see\\nNote). Where did Ribaiit e.xpect to form a settlement? Give\\nthe name of the fort buiU by him. How many men did he\\nleave at Charles Fort? Why did he not return? What was\\nthe state of affairs at Charles Fort? Tell about the mutiny\\nand the boat built by the Frenchmen. What can you say of\\nthe voyage?\\n36", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "companion of Ribaut on his voyage in 1562, and a\\nbrave and pions knight. Laudonniere sailed\\nApr. 22 from Havre on the 22nd of April, 1564, with\\ntliree ships of sixty, one hundred, and one\\nhundred and twenty tons burden, respectively, which\\ncarried a larger and better equipped company than had\\ngone to Charles Fort. But he made a grave mistake\\nin taking too many soldiers and gentlemen and too\\nfew mechanics and farmers, in consequence of which\\nthe naturally rich soil of Florida was left uncultivated\\nand the colony came near perishing from\\nJune 22 starvation. A run of just two months\\nbrought the ships to the mouth of the harbor\\nof St. Augustine, which the Frenchmen named the\\nRiver of Dolphins. Here Laudonniere went ashore\\nand was most hospitably received by the natives, who\\nwished him to spend the night with them\\nJune 23 but he deemed it more prudent to return to\\nhis ship. On the next day, he proceeded to\\nthe St. Johns River, or River May, where he saw the\\npillar set up by Jean Ribaut. Some time was spent\\nin exploring various localities to select a site suitable\\nfor the erection of a fort, and the position finally\\nchosen seems to have been at St. Johns Blufif, on the\\nsouthern side of the St. Johns River, a few miles from\\nits mouth but the exact location will never be known,\\nas the fort was constructed out of sand and logs.\\nAmong the colonists was a painter, who has left us a\\nQ. When did Coligny turn his attention again to Florida?\\nGive some account of Laudonniere. Describe his ships and\\ncolonists. What mistake did he make? Where did he first\\nland? How was he received by the Indians? What did he\\nsee at the mouth of the St. Johns? Tell about the site of the\\nfort. How is it represented in an old picture?\\nZ7", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "picture of the fort, a triangular structure but he repre-\\nsents it as being on an island in the midst of\\na river. This fort, like Charles Fort, was\\nnamed in honor of Charles IX, being called Fort\\nCaroline.\\nIll Management of the Colony. All the early\\ncolonists who came to America were more eager to\\nseek for gold and silver than to cultivate the soil and\\nthe Frenchmen at Fort Caroline were no exception to\\nthe rule, especially as they had seen pieces of gold\\namong the natives. At first they were able to make\\nthe very profitable exchange of a hatchet for two\\npounds of gold but their greed getting the better of\\nthem, they began to take the metal from the Indians,\\nwho in a short time refused to let it be known that they\\nhad any gold. Much time was consumed in exploring\\nthe country in the hope of finding wealth, and in con-\\nsequence no crop was planted, so that by the spring of\\n1565 starvation stared the Frenchmen in the face..\\nAlthough the St. Johns River boiled and roared\\nwith all kinds of fish, the young gentlemen and the sol-\\ndiers would not condescend to catch them for them-\\nselves. And it is said that the Indians would take fish\\nbefore the very eyes of the white man and then sell\\nthem to him at a high price. Moreover, when the\\nfish-traps, which the natives had kindly made for the\\nFrenchmen, were taken away during a war, they were\\ntoo lazy to make others.\\nMutiny. A conspiracy against Laudonniere was\\nstarted in September, 1564, but part of the conspira-\\nQ. What was the name of the new fort? What were the\\nearly colonists eager for? What made the Frenchmen espe-\\ncially eager to hunt for gold?\\n38", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "tors were sent back to France. Subsequently he\\nfell sick, and during his sickness he was\\nbound and confined for fifteen days on board\\none of the vessels. The mutineers then seized two\\nsmall boats built for the purpose of exploration, and\\nran away to the West Indies on a freebooting expedi-\\ntion. One of the boats was compelled to re-\\n1564 turn, whereupon four of the leaders were\\ntried by court-martial and hung. The other\\nboat met with better success at first but its crew was\\ncaptured by the Spaniards at Jamaica, and some of\\nthem were hanged, others sent to Spain.\\nThe French and the Indians. The Spaniards\\nwere in the early times very harsh in their treatment\\nof the Indians, although later they became gentler.\\nThe Frenchmen, on the contrary, made friends with\\nthe natives from the outset, and when they left Florida\\nno fierce imprecation or profane expletive lingered in\\nthe recollection of the red men as a synonym for a\\nFrench Protestant. Baskets of maize and grapes\\nwere brought as presents to Fort Caroline and an In-\\ndian queen, whose home seems to have been on the St.\\nMary s River, sent back Laudonniere s boats loaded\\nwith beans and acorns and cassava. The artist men-\\ntioned before drew a picture of this queen in a state\\nprocession. In front appear two trumpeters marching\\nbefore her majesty, who sits on a covered platform\\ncarried by six chiefs, while two walk by her side hold-\\ning large feather fans next after the queen come beau-\\nQ. Give an account of their dealings with the Indians.\\nIn what condition were they by the spring of 1565? Why?\\nTell about their catching of fish. Give an account of the con-\\nspiracy and mutiny.\\n39", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "tifiil girls with baskets of fruits and tlovvers, and then\\nthe warriors and guards. At first the colonists had\\nbeen neutral in the wars of the natives, taking the part\\nof neither side but at last they were compelled to\\nserve some of the chiefs in order by this means to pro-\\ncure a supply of provisions. During the summer of 1565\\nhunger pressed them so hard that, as it had become\\ndifficult to obtain food by purchase from the\\n1565 Indians, they marched forth from their fort\\nand took by force part of the crops in the\\nnearest fields. But in spite of this, the red man re-\\ngretted the departure of the Frenchmen.\\nArrival of Sir John Hawkins at Fort Caro-\\nline. It was confidently expected that supplies would\\narrive from France by April, 1565 but April\\nApril came and passed and still no vessel appeared.\\nIn their despair the colonists had resolved to\\nrepair their vessels and to leave the country, when, at\\nthe height of their distress, ships were seen\\nAug. in the ofifing. They proved to be the ships of\\nSir John Hawkins, Queen Elizabeth s\\ndoughty sea-king, who was returning from a cruise\\nafter Spanish treasure-ships, and was quite ready to\\naid Spain s enemies at Fort Caroline. He had been\\nsearching along the coast for fresh water, and had\\nbeen brought to the colony by one of the Frenchmen\\nwho had run away and was now on board one of the\\nQ. Relate tlie fate of the two boats. Contrast the Span-\\nish and the French treatment of the Indians. What presents\\nwere brought to Fort CaroHne? What picture has been left\\nbehind by the artist? What was the French attitude towards\\nthe wars of the natives? What were the French finally\\nforced to do?\\n4a", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "English ships. Laudonniere says that he received of\\nthe general, meaning Sir John Hawkins, as many\\ncourtesies as it was possible to receive of any man liv-\\ning. He sold the French commander twenty barrels\\nof meal, six pipes of beans, one hogshead of salt, and a\\nhundred of wax to make candles, taking a promissory\\nnote as payment and gave him various articles for his\\nprivate use. But more than this, he ofifered to carry\\na portion of Laudonniere s men across the Atlantic\\nand set them on French soil. This offer, however,\\nwas not accepted, for Laudonniere did not know if\\nthe PVench and English might not be at war with each\\nother, and this be a ruse to take his men prisoners.\\nBut he did buy a small brigantine. paying for it with\\nthe artillery at the fort, which otherwise would have\\nbeen left behind, as he could not carry it on his ships.\\nEarly Opinions of Florida. The Frenchman\\nhad an eye for the beauties of the landscape, and his\\npoetic nature was kindled by the rivers and lakes and\\nforests teeming with animal life but the English sailor\\nwondered how it was that in a rich country like that\\naround Fort Caroline any one could suffer from hun-\\nger. Grapes grew wild roots of various kinds were\\nto be found maize throve readily and required very\\nlittle cultivation, and meat could be easily obtained\\nfrom deer and divers other beasts and fowl service-\\nable to the use of man. Besides, there was a wonder-\\nQ. How did the natives feel towards the French after\\ntlicir departure? By what time were supplies expected? Re-\\nlate the arrival of Sir John Hawkins. How did he treat the\\nFrench? What did he let them have? Give an account of\\nhis offer and Laudonniere s refusal. Why did Laudonniere\\npay for the brigantine with his artillery?\\n41", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "fill weed employed by the Ploridiaiis in their journeys,\\nwho with a cane, and earthen cup in the end with fire\\nand the dried herbs put together, doe suck throw a\\ncane the smoke thereof, which smoke satisfieth their\\nhunger, and therewith they live four or five days with-\\nout meate or drinke and this all the Frenchmen used\\nfor this purpose, although it made them sick, as to-\\nbacco still does beginners. However, it has lost the\\nwonderful property of keeping us from hunger three\\nor four days at a time. Lions and tigers were sup-\\nposed to inhabit the forests, and whales were caught in\\nthe ocean by natives, who would swim out to the sleep-\\ning monster, climb on his head, and drive into one of\\nhis blow-holes one of the two pieces of wood the\\nswimmer had brought along. This would wake the\\nwhale, which would dive under the water, carrying the\\nIndian holding fast to the piece of wood in the blow-\\nhole; but the whale would soon have to come to the\\nsurface for fresh air, when the fisherman at once thrust\\nhis second piece into the other blow-hole. By\\n1565 this means both nostrils of the fish were\\nclosed, causing it to suffocate. After it had\\nceased its death-struggles, the natives came out in\\ntheir boats and towed the carcass ashore. Wonderful\\ntales did the Frenchmen and Englishmen hear but\\nthe former viewed them with a poetic fancy, while the\\nlatter thought of the trade his country could build up\\nin this distant country.\\nQ. How did the Frenchman view Florida? What did the\\nEnglishman think? Give the things that could easily be ob-\\ntained for food. Tell the tale about tobacco. What savage\\nbeasts were supposed to dwell in the forests? Give the story\\nthe Englishman heard about whales.\\n42", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Arrival of Ribaut and Menendez. Sir John\\nHawkins had scarcely left Fort Caroline when Jean\\nRibaut arrived, August 29, the very day Lau-\\nAug. 29 donniere expected to sail for France. Admi-\\nral CoHgny had never forgotten his colony,\\nalthough hindered by the civil war from sending aid\\nFRENCH CARAVEL OF i6TH CENTURY.\\nearlier, and had now despatched Captain Ribaut with\\nfive hundred men and several families of artisans in\\nseven vessels, four of which must have been of large\\nQ. What was the English view of Florida? When did\\nRibaut arrive? Why had not aid been sent before?\\n43", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "size, as they were unable to pass the bar at the mouth\\nof the St. Johns River. The voyage from Dieppe,\\nFrance, was a very long one, it being three months\\nfrom the time Ribaut sailed till he reached the Florida\\ncoast somewhere below St. Augustine. Here he\\nlearned from a shipwrecked Spaniard living among\\nthe Indians that Laudonniere s colony was situated\\nfifty leagues northward, and, accordingly, coasting in\\nthat direction, he arrived at Fort Caroline, as related.\\nThe four larger vessels were unable to enter the St.\\nJohns River, and were left outside with only a few sail-\\nors on board as a guard.\\nBy some means the Spanish court had found out\\nthat a French colony had been planted on the coast of\\nI ^lorida, in a country claimed by them through the\\nrights of discovery and given them by the\\n1565 Pope. And to make matters worse, the colo-\\nnists were Huguenots, who were detestable\\nabove all other peoples in the eyes of Catholic Spain.\\nAt this juncture Philip H found a man after his own\\nheart, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, an admirable sol-\\ndier and matchless liar, brave as a mastifif and savage\\nas a wolf. Fie had lost a son by shipwreck some-\\nwhere on the coast of Florida and was anxious to seek\\nfor him, as he believed him to be living and captive\\namong the Indians. To the king he represented the\\nglory of Christianizing the Indians and the need of\\nbetter knowledge of the shores, harbors, and currents,\\nQ. Describe Ribaut s expedition. Where did he reach\\nthe coast of Florida? What did he learn here? From whom?\\nHow were four vessels left? What did the Spanish court find\\nout? What caused the Spaniards to be especially angry?\\nGive the character of Menendez. Why was he anxious to go\\nto Florida? What reasons did he give the king for going?\\n44", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "which had destroyed so many richly-laden ships of\\nSpain. Although Florida had proved the ruin of\\nevery expedition that had come to her shores, yet more\\nmen answered Me-\\nnendez s call for colo-\\nnists than the ships\\ncould carry. The king\\ngave him the title of\\nadclantado and mar-\\nquis, the office of gov-\\nernor and captain-\\ngeneral of Florida, the\\nuse of one caravel, and\\na personal grant of\\nland twenty five\\nleagues square. Me-\\nnendez had himself to\\nbear the expense of\\ntransporting the colo-\\nnists, of provisioning\\nthem and also several\\nhundred soldiers, of pedru menendez ue amles.\\nmaintaining sixteen members of religious orders, and\\nof providing horses, cattle, sheep, and swine for the\\ntwo or three permanent settlements he was to found.\\nHe was also to carry five hundred slaves, but it is\\ndoul)tful whether they were actually taken. Prepara-\\ntions were being hurried forward for a large expedi-\\ntion, when Philip suddenly summoned Menendez to\\nQ. How many answered Menendez s call? What did the\\nking give him? What did he have to furnish? Tell about the\\nslaves to l)e carried? Why was he suddenly summoned to\\ncourt?\\n45", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "court. News had just reached him about the colony\\nat Fort CaroHne, and of Ribaut s prepara-\\n1565 tions for enlarging it. Now began a race, as\\nit were, to see who should reach Florida first,\\nJune 29 Ribaut or Menendez. The former had been\\non his way some two months before Menen-\\ndez set sail from Cadiz, June 29, with fifteen hundred\\npersons, including mechanics and farmers, in nineteen\\nvessels all told, about two thirds of the force he had in-\\ntended to carry.\\nAfter leaving the Canary Islands, the fleet was scat-\\ntered in every direction by a storm, but several vessels\\narrived at Porto Rico by the 9th of August.\\nAug. 9 Here Menendez made a few repairs, and then\\nhastened on his journey without waiting for\\nthe remainder of his force, for it was necessary to sur-\\nprise Fort Caroline before the reinforcements under\\nRibaut should reach it and put it in a condi-\\nAug. 25 tion to resist an attack. On the 25th of Au-\\ngust he made the coast of Florida about Cape\\nAug. 28 Caiiaveral, where he learned the part of the\\ncountry occupied by the French. Coasting\\nnorthward, on the 28th he discovered a harbor, to\\nwhich he gave the name of St. Augustine, after the\\nsaint who is honored on that day and still running\\nnorth, on the 4th of September sighted the four vessels\\nof Ribaut lying at anchor before the mouth of the St.\\nJohns River.\\nQ. What race now began? When did Menendez sail?\\nGive his outfit. What happened on the voyage? Why did\\nlie hasten from Porto Rico? Give an account of his arrival\\nat Florida. Why was St. Augustine so named?\\n46", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "The fight was to be one without quarter. Menendez\\nhad set out in an ugly spirit he was in his own eyes a\\ncrusader; and of all conflicts, the deadliest are those\\nwaged in the name of religion, as the Protestants of\\nFrance knew to their cost.\\nQ. Why was the fight between the Frenchmen and Span-\\niards to be merciless?\\n47", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nFOUNDING OF ST. AUGUSTINE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DESTRUCTION\\nOF FORT CAROLINE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SLAUGHTER OF RIBAUT\\nAND HIS MEN.\\nSkirmish at the Mouth of the St. Johns. A\\ncouncil of war was now held on board the Spanish\\nships, and Menendez s ofificers were in favor\\n1565 of putting back to San Domingo and waiting\\nSept. 4 for reinforcements but he himself urged a\\nspeedy attack, which was finally resolved on.\\nImmediate action was prevented by a thunderstorm,\\nand it was not until ten at night thatMenendez was able\\nto run his own ship between the two larger French\\nvessels and demand who they were and why they were\\non this coast. When he foimd out who they were,\\nhe told them that he intended to board their ships in\\nthe morning and hang the French Lutherans found\\nthere. Because, he says, I could not avoid exe-\\ncuting on them the justice which his majesty com-\\nmanded. The Frenchmen replied that he might go\\nwithout waiting for the morning. As Menendez was\\nmanoeuvring for a favorable position, Ribaut s vessels\\nslipped their cables and stood out to sea, hotly pursued\\nby the Spaniards, who fired five cannon at the French\\nflagship without doing it any injury. By their superior\\nsailing qualities the French soon escaped beyond\\nQ. Give the opinions of Menendez and his officers as to\\nattacking the French. What did Menendez do with his ves-\\nsel? Relate what he told the Frenchmen. Give their reply.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "cannon-shot. Seeing that he could not overtake them,\\nMenendez returned with the intention of fortifying a\\nposition at the month of the St. Johns, by means of\\nST. AUGUSTINE BEFORE 167I.\\nFROM MONTANUS.\\nwhich he could command the entrance to the river and\\nblockade Fort Caroline. But as he neared\\n1565 the coast, the remaining French vessels were\\nseen coming out. and deeming it more pru-\\nQ. Give an account of the fight of Ribaut s ships. What\\ndid Menendez intend to fortify?\\n5 49", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "dent to retire, he bore away for the harbor of St. Au-\\ngustine, a French vessel hovering on his rear to report\\nhis further movements.\\nFounding of St. Augustine. On the 6th of Sep-\\ntember two hundred and fifty Spanish soldiers under\\ntwo captains were landed, and began at once\\nSept. 6 to throw up intrenchments around the dwell-\\ning of an Indian cacique who had given it as\\na present to the strangers. Three hundred more sol-\\ndiers and settlers, men, women and children, were\\ndisembarked on the 7th. The next day was a reli-\\ngious holiday, and Mass was said for the first time on\\nthe spot where the shrine of* Our Lady of the Milk\\nafterwards arose. Having landed the provisions and\\nmunitions of war, Menendez prepared to go ashore\\nhimself, and, amid the thunder of cannon and strains\\nof martial music, was rowed from the side of his ves-\\nsel to the beach, where on bended knee he kissed the\\ncross presented him by Mendoza Grajales, the first\\npriest of St. Augustine. After this he took possession\\nof the country for his king, and received an oath of\\nloyalty from his officers and men, surrounded by a\\ncrowd of spectators, colonists and friendly Indians.\\nHis own galleon, being too large to enter the harbor,\\nwas despatched to San Domingo two smaller vessels\\nhurried down to Havana after horses for a cavalry\\ncompany at the harbor everything was working to\\nQ. How was he hindered? Where did he sail? Give an\\naccount of the operations at St. Augustine, September 6 and\\n7. What was done on the 8th? Tell about Menendez s land-\\ning. Give his further actions at this time. Why was his own\\ngalleon sent to San Domingo? Why did two vessels go to\\nHavana?\\n50", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "make the position as strong as possible against an at-\\ntack from the fort to the north. St. Augustine had\\nbegun, the oldest city in the United States.\\nRiGAiiT Sets Out to Attack Menendez. On\\ntwo occasions while the colony was being landed at\\nSt. Augustine, French vessels sailed up to the\\n1565 mouth of the harbor, without doing, however,\\nany injury at all. But on the loth.the whole\\nSept. 10 fleet bore down for Ribaut had embarked\\nall his force, leaving only a few sick soldiers\\nand Laudonniere with the women and children at Fort\\nCaroline. He was eagej- to take the Spaniards by sur-\\nprise before their fortifications were completed. But\\na grievous delay of two days ruined his plans and\\nbrought destruction on his settlement. If he had\\nsailed on the 8th he would have escaped the hurricane,\\nwhich on the loth caught his vessels and drove them\\nfar down the coast, where each and every one went\\nashore.\\nMenendez Marches Against Fort Caroline.\\nThe storm raged so long and fiercely that it was mor-\\nally certain that the French ships had not been able to\\nregain Fort Caroline. So Menendez determined to\\nretaliate by marching overland and falling on the\\nenemy s fort while its garrison was weakened and not\\nexpecting an attack during the tempest. His officers\\nQ. Why did the Spaniards hurry? What is the age of St.\\nAugustine? What did the French ships do while the Span-\\niards were landing? How much of his entire force did Ribaut\\ncarry with him? What proved his ruin? What became of\\nhis vessels? Why did Menendez wish to make his attack\\nduring the storm? How was it regarded at St. Augustine?\\n51", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "and the clergymen at St. Augustine pronounced the\\nundertaking rash, but Menendez was obsti-\\nSept. 1/ nate, and on the i/th began his march in the\\nmidst of a pouring rain. Across marshes\\nand swollen creeks, through tall grass and tangled\\nunderbrush, for three times twenty-four hours, he\\nfought his way, hatchet in hand, until on the morning\\nof the 20th his wolfish band swept down the slope be-\\nfore Fort Caroline. The march had been a difftcult\\none, and of the five hundred who had started\\n1565 with Menendez, many had fallen behind and\\nmade their way back to St. Augustine.\\nNot as to Frenchmen, but as to Lutherans.\\nLaudonniere had made some attempts to put the fort\\nin some state of defense; but he was himself very ill,\\nand he had only sixteen well men in the place, so that\\nlittle was done. Moreover, the night of the 19th was\\nvery stormy, and the sentinels were under cover, as\\nno one expected an attack. At dawn of the next morn-\\ning the maddened Spaniards rushed to the assault\\nkilled the first sentinel who met them planted their\\nladders against the walls; seized one of the gates\\nthrown open through mistake by some one within\\nwishing to know the cause of the alarm outside and\\nFort Caroline was taken. Man, woman, and child\\nwere massacred without distinction of age or condi-\\ntion, until Menendez gave orders that the aged, the\\nfeeble, the cripple, and those under fifteen years of age,\\nQ. Describe the march. How many soldiers did Menen-\\ndez have? In what state of defense was Fort Caroline?\\nWhat kind of a night was that of the 19th? Describe the cap-\\nture. Give an account of the massacre. What does Menen-\\ndez say in his letter to the king?\\n52", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "should be spared. In his letter to the king he states\\nthat one hundred and thirty-two persons were put to\\ndeath, and excuses himself for having spared the\\nothers. There is a story that some of the prisoners\\nwere taken outside the fort to a body of trees and\\nthere hung, with this inscription over thent: Not as\\nto Firnchincu, but as to Lutherans. Much booty fell\\ninto the hands of the Spaniards three vessels with all\\non board, the fort and its guns, supplies of flour and\\nbread, horses, sheep, and hogs.\\nEscape of Laudonniere and Fifty Others.\\nThe French commander tried to rally his men, fighting\\nbravely himself, until he saw that the fort was\\ntaken and himself recognized, when he es-\\ncaped through a breach in the walls of the fort to the\\nwoods, where he fell in with several of his men. Two\\nvessels lay at the mouth of the St. Johns on the look-\\nout for an attack by sea, and he and a number of his\\ncompanions made their way to these through the mud\\nand the streams along the bank of the river. Among\\nthose who escaped in this way was Ribaut s son.\\nOthers hid themselves in the forests, living among the\\nIndians, until one by one they were picked up by pass-\\ning vessels, and thus reached their native country.\\nSan Mateo. As the day after the capture was\\nsacred to St. Matthew {San Mateo), Menendez changed\\nthe name of the fort from Caroline to San Mateo in\\nQ. Tell about the inscription over those who were hung.\\nWhat booty was obtained by the Spaniards? How did Lau-\\ndonniere conduct himself? Give an account of Laudon-\\nniere s escape. Who was among those who escaped to the\\nships? How did others escape? To what did Menendez\\nchange the names of Fort Caroline and the River May?\\nWhy?\\n53", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "honor of that apostle, whose name was also bestowed\\non the St. Johns River in the place of May. Menen-\\ndez ordered a church to be built at once out of the\\nmaterial collected by Laudonniere for building vessels.\\nThree hundred men were left as a garrison, and the\\nrest were to return to St. Augustine but only thirty-\\nfive were willing to undergo the hardships of the\\nmarch. At the Spanish colony there was great re-\\njoicing on Menendez s arrival, and a Tc Dcum was\\nsung in celebration of the victory. San Mateo took\\nfire a few days after its capture, and much of its con-\\ntents were destroyed but in a short time Menendez\\nrestored it stronger than\\never, and erected fortifica-\\ntions near the mouth of the\\n^^y{Sik^i,c^^x\\\\\\\\Qr for further security.\\nR I B A u T s Shipwreck\\nFirst Massacre of the\\nFrench. As related before,\\na storm drove Ri-\\n1565 baut s ships far\\ndown the coast,\\nwhere they all went ashore\\non the soft sand somewhere\\nbetween Mosquito and Ma-\\ntanzas Inlets. Every one,\\nofficers and men, succeeded\\nin escaping to land from the\\nstranded vessels, with the ex-\\nception of a certain Captain\\nQ. What did he order built? What was done with his\\nmen? How was the news received at St. Augustine? Give\\na further account of San Mateo. What had become of Ri-\\nbaut s vessels?\\n54\\nOPERATIONS OF FRENCH\\nAND SPANISH.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "La Grange, who had opposed the expedition and had\\nconsented to go only at the last moment. They now\\nformed themselves into two bodies, and be-\\nSept. 28 gan to work their way along the coast in the\\ndirection of their fort. By the 28th of Sep-\\ntember the first company of over two hundred men ar-\\nrived at Matanzas Inlet, where they halted, since they\\nhad no means of crossing. Soon on the other side\\nMenendez was seen with a small band of seventy sol-\\ndiers, who were, however, so skilfully disposed as to\\nappear like a numerous army. Menendez had received\\nintelligence through friendly Indians of the Frenchmen\\non the day of their arrival at Matanzas Inlet, and had\\nat once hurried oflf in time to have his men arranged\\nas related by the morning of the 29th. One of the ship-\\nwTecked men, a sailor, swam over to the Spaniards,\\nto carry back a boat in which four or five ofificers\\ncrossed. They requested of Menendez that he should\\ngive them a means of passing the inlet, in order that\\nthey might reach their friends at Fort Caroline but\\non learning of the destruction of the fort, they asked\\nfor vessels to convey them to France, as their coun-\\ntries were friendly and at peace with each other. Me-\\nnendez replied by asking if they were Catholics or\\nLutherans. When told that they were Lutherans, he\\ndeclared that if they had been Catholics he would have\\nfavored them, but, as they were Lutherans, he would\\nQ. Give the loss by the shipwreck. What did the French-\\nmen now do? Where did the first company halt? How did\\nMenendez arrange his men? How did he learn that the\\nFrench were at Matanzas Inlet? Who came over to him?\\nGive the requests of the officers. How did Menendez reply?\\nWhat did he further say?\\n55", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "wage war on them with fire and sword. However, he\\nsaid they could surrender and yield to his\\n1565 mercy, in order that he might do to them\\nwhat shoidd be directed him by the grace of\\nGod. Some of the Frenchmen were wealthy and of\\nnoble birth. These offered as a ransom for their lives\\nthe sum of fifty thousand ducats, but the Spaniard\\nwas obdurate and finally his terms were accepted, for\\nwith starvation and death at the hands of savages\\nstaring them in the face it was deemed preferable to\\ntrust to his mercy.\\nBoats were now sent over and the Frenchmen\\nbrought across in companies of ten, each company\\nguarded by twenty Spaniards. As a band arrived it\\nwas disarmed and marched behind a low hill, where\\nthe hands of every man were tied behind his back,\\nuntil the whole two hundred and eight were thus se-\\ncured. Eight only were let loose, who claimed that\\nthey were Catholics. By this time the day was well\\nspent, and as the sun went down two hundred French\\nLutherans, who had allowed themselves to be bound,\\nexpecting to be carried to St. Augustine as prisoners,\\nwere murdered in cold blood. Not a man of them re-\\nmained to tell the tale.\\nRiBAUT Reaches Matanzas Inlet Second Mas-\\nsacre. Menendez had scarcely reached St. Augustine\\nwhen he was informed that another and large company\\nQ. How did some of the Frenchmen endeavor to escape\\ndeath? Why were the Spaniards terms accepted? Describe\\nthe bringing over of the French. Why were eight released?\\nTell what is said about the murder. What further informa-\\ntion was given Menendez? What did he find at Matanzas\\nInlet? What was done? What was told the officer?\\n56", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "of men was at Matanzas Inlet. Hurrying back with\\none hundred and fifty soldiers, he found Ribaut and\\nthree hundred and tifty of his followers drawn up in\\nbattle array on the opposite side of the inlet, and en-\\ndeavoring to construct a raft on which they might\\ncross. Again as in the first instance, a sailor swam\\nover and carried back a canoe in which an officer was\\nbrought across, who was informed of the fate of Fort\\n^_ Caroline and shown the stark bodies of his\\nmurdered comrades. After this Ribaut him-\\nself came over was feasted most sumptuously but\\ncould obtain no better terms than surrender to the\\nmercy of the Spaniard, although he offered for himself\\nand part of his men a ransom of one hundred and fifty\\nthousand ducats, the rest preferring to treat for them-\\nselves. When these hard terms became known to the\\nsoldiers across the inlet, two hundred of them declared\\nthey would rather face death in a thousand ways than\\ntrust to the mercy of a monster like Menendez. Dur-\\ning the night they contrived to slip away into the\\nforest.\\nThe next morning Ribaut and one hundred and\\nfifty of his men were ferried over in companies of ten,\\ntheir arms were taken away from them and their hands\\ntied behind their backs, as on the former occasion.\\nWhen this work was completed, all but five of the\\nwhole one hundred and fifty were coolly murdered, as\\nif pigs were being slaughtered. One man s wounds\\nQ. How was Ribaut treated? What ransom did he offer?\\nGive an account of two hundred of the soldiers. Narrate the\\nstory of the remaining one hundred and fifty. Tell about the\\nescape of one man. What is Ribaut said to have done?\\nWhat is the meaning of Matanzas?\\n57", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "were not fatal, and he crawled off to the woods during\\nthe night, was kindly treated by the Indians, and in\\nthe end reached France, where he wrote an account\\nof the massacre, which is now in existence. As Ri-\\nbaut was bound he sang one of the psalms, and, this\\nended, said in a calm voice We are of earth, and to\\nthe earth we must return twenty years more or less is\\nall but as a tale that is told.\\nThus on these two occasions perished many brave\\nmen, most cruelly murdered; and well does the inlet\\nbear the name Matanzas Slaughterings.\\nThe Fate of the Two Hundred. The two hun-\\ndred who refused to surrender with Ribaut retreated\\ndown the coast to a point near Cape Canaveral, where\\nthey built a fort and began to construct ves-\\n1565 sels to escape to their own country. About\\nthe twentieth day after the second massacre\\ninformation of their proceedings was brought to St.\\nAugustine, and after some delay Menendez set out\\nalong the shore with one hundred and fifty men. to\\nattack the French, one hundred more following in\\nthree vessels. On his arrival at the French\\nNov. 8 fort, about November 8, the inmates fled to\\nthe woods, but on his assurance that their\\nlives would be spared, one hundred and fifty came in\\nand surrendered. On this occasion Menendez kept\\nhis word. A part of these were incorporated into the\\nSpanish colony, and others eventually returned to\\nFrance but of the fate of those who remained in the\\nforest nothing is known. Menendez destroyed the\\nfort and vessels and sailed to Havana, leaving one of\\nhis captains to build Fort Santa Lucia de Canaveral\\nin a more favorable spot.\\n58", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Menendez Receives Praise from Philip II and\\nTHE Pope. Menendez s master, Philip II, was much\\npleased at the destruction of the Huguenot col-\\nony and commended him for his zeal and piety.\\nIt used to be said in the days of Philip that\\nif a really first-class job of murder turned up in\\nany country whatsoever, his hand was sure to be in it.\\nAt Rome the Pope was so gratified that he wrote a\\nletter thanking Menendez, in which, after expressing\\nhis joy, he gives some very good advice concerning the\\ntreatment and conversion of the Indians.\\nQ. What became of the two hundred who refused to sur-\\nrender? Give an account of Menendez s expedition against\\nthem. What did they do on his arrival? How did Menendez\\ntreat those who surrendered? What became of them and of\\nthose who remained in the forest? What did Menendez then\\ndo? How was Menendez s act received by Philip? by the\\nPope? What used to be said of Philip?\\n59", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nMUTINY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ACTIVITY OF MENENDEZ\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS VISIT\\nTO SPAIN-NOTABLE REVENGE OF DOMINIC\\nDE GOURGUES\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RETURN OF MENENDEZ\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS\\nDEATH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE AT ST. AUGUS-\\nTINE.\\nMutiny. As stated before, Menendez sailed from\\nCape Canaveral to Havana and in these parts he\\nspent the winter of 1565-6, hunting for\\n1565-6 corsairs and seeking after his lost son. The\\nwinter found the Spanish colonists unpre-\\npared, which added to the disafifection which had al-\\nready sprung up among them. At St. Augustine and\\nSan Mateo the garrisons mutinied,and that of the latter\\nplace, with the exception of twenty-one men, seized a\\nvessel that had arrived with provisions and set out for\\nthe West Indies. The garrison of St. Augustine was\\npreparing to depart, when Menendez returned and en-\\ndeavored to persuade the men to remain, but in this\\nhe was unsuccessful. He was compelled to allow one\\nhundred under Captain Vincente to return to Porto\\nRico in a small vessel, in which many of them died\\nfrom overcrowding before reaching their destination.\\nHostility of the Indians. A great source of\\nsuflfering during this same winter was the hostility of\\nQ. How did Menendez spend the winter? How did the\\nwinter find the colonists? Tell about the garrison of San\\nMateo. Give an account of the mutineers at St. Augustine.\\nWhat was a great source of suffering during the winter?\\n60", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "the Indians, who were incited by French fugitives to\\nattack the Spaniards at San Mateo and St.\\n1565-6 Augustine, so that in a short time it became\\ndangerous for any one to venture beyond the\\nwalls of the forts. On one occasion the Indians sur-\\nrounded the fort at St. Augustine, sending in a shower\\nof arrows, some of which carried fire and soon had one\\nof the storehouses blazing; and do what they might,\\nthe Spaniards were unable to put out the flames before\\nthe entire building was consiuued.\\nMenendez Hunts for Corsairs and Searches\\nI- OR HIS Son. The Spanish adclaiitado found some of\\nhis ships at Havana, with which he set sail to attack\\nthe French and English corsairs cruising around San\\nDomingo; but hearing that the king had sent him re-\\ninforcements, he turned back. In the mean-\\n1566 time, while waiting for the reinforcements,\\nFeb. he sent to Campeachy for assistance which\\nwas denied him in Cuba and in February,\\n1566, he explored the Tortugas and the southern coast\\nof Florida, seeking for the son for whose sake he had\\nin the first place wished to come to Florida. His son\\ncould not be found but friendly relations were estab-\\nlished with the cacique Carlos, and several Spanish\\nprisoners were rescued, one of whom Carlos was ac-\\ncustomed to sacrifice every year. This Indian chief\\nof South Florida had heard that Carlos was the name\\nof the most powerful ruler in the whole world, the Em-\\nQ. Who incited the Indians to hostility? How far was\\nthis hostility carried? Give an account of the burning of the\\nstorehouse. Tell about Menendez s hunt for corsairs. What\\nexplorations did he make during February? What prisoners\\nwere rescued? Why was the Indian chief named Carlos?\\n61", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "peror Charles V, and had adopted it as his own name.\\nIn March Menendez returned to St. Augustine.\\nSt. Augustine. According to one narrative, this\\nwas the time at which Menendez built the log fort\\nwhich was destroyed twenty years later by\\n1566 Sir Francis Drake. The position of St. Au-\\ngustine was an excellent one, owing to the\\nharbor, which allowed the smaller vessels bringing\\nprovisions to enter, but kept out the larger warships of\\nan attacking enemy and in addition to this the sur-\\nrounding region was healthy. Before the arrival of\\nthe Spaniards there had been an Indian village on this\\nspot, called Seloy, and the newcomers made use of\\nsome of the native dwellings. The fort, which was in\\nreality begun just after the destruction of Fort Caro-\\nline, was an octagonal structure made of logs, and was\\nsituated near the site of the present fort. Other\\nbuildings were erected, among these a hall of justice,\\nand very probably a church, as Menendez never forgot\\nthat he was to advance the cause of religion in the New\\nWorld.\\nActivity of Menendez. After the governor was\\nrid of the discontented members of his colony, he\\nsailed up the coast to. San Mateo, and from there to\\nQuale, or Amelia Island, where the natives were con-\\nverted in a body, but only after Menendez had ex-\\nplained to them how it was that the Spaniards could\\nkill other Christians. The other white people, he\\nQ. What was built at this time at St. Augustine? Why\\nwas the position of St. Augustine an excellent one? What\\noccupied the spot before the arrival of the Spaniards? Give\\nan account of the fort. What other buildings were erected?\\nTell about the conversion of the Indians at Guale.\\n62", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "said, were bad Christians, and believers in lies they\\nhad fled their own country, and came to mislead the\\ncaciques and other Indians and for this reason they\\ndeserved the most cruel death A fort was also\\nbuilt at St. Helena (Port Royal, S. C), but most of its\\ngarrison soon deserted. During 1566 an ex-\\n1566 pedition under Juan Pardo marched from St.\\nHelena to the gold region of North Georgia.\\nMenendez on his return sailed far up the San Mateo\\nRiver (St. Johns River). Later a vessel, by his orders,\\nexplored this same stream in the endeavor to meet\\nhim, if possible, on the southern coast of\\n1566-7 Florida, where he was building a small fort\\nin the kingdom of Carlos but it did not pro-\\nceed far owing to the hostile Indians who lined both\\nbanks.\\nMuch trouble was all along experienced from the\\nnatives. They became, however, to some extent paci-\\nfied, with tlie exception of one Saturiba, a powerful\\ncacique and a match for the Spaniard in duplicity.\\nFinally, troops marched against him but, as was the\\ncase with the modern Seminole in that same country,\\nhe was not found when wanted.\\nMenendez Visits Spain. In the spring of 1567 it\\nbecame necessary for the adelantado to make a visit to\\nSpain in the interest of his colony, since the\\nT567 evil reports of the deserters concerning his\\nmanagement of afifairs had reached the court.\\nQ. What fort was built? Where did Juan Pardo march?\\nTell about the voyages on the San Mateo. How were the\\nIndians disposed toward the Spaniards? Tell about Saturiba\\nand the attack on him. Why did Menendez have to return\\nto Spain? How was the voyage made?\\n63", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "The voyage was made in a small vessel of twenty tons,\\nbuilt at St. Augustine, and only seventeen days are\\nsaid to have been required for the run to the Azores.\\nHe was received with much favor at court but he\\ncould obtain no aid such as was necessary to put his\\nsettlements in condition to resist the attack which he\\nexpected from the French in retaliation for Matanzas\\nand Fort Caroline. Indeed, there was already a rumor\\nthat an expedition for Florida was fitting out in some\\nFrench port.\\nDominic de Gourgues. When news of the massa-\\ncre at Fort Caroline and Matanzas reached France,\\na storm of indignation rose among the people, and a\\nmemorial was sent up to the throne signed by the\\nwidows and orphans of the unfortunate colonists. But\\nthe Catholic court was indifferent to the sufferings of\\nits Huguenot subjects, and nothing was done. An\\navenger was to arise in the person of a private indi-\\nvidual, one Dominic de Gourgues, a man of noble\\nbirth, and, perhaps, himself a Catholic. Like most\\nmen of gentle birth in those days, he made arms his\\nprofession, and rose to the rank of captain, at that\\ntime a high honor but he was unfortunate enough to\\nfall into the hands of the Spaniards, who set him to\\nwork in a galley. As fate willed it, this galley was\\ncaptured by the Turks, who again lost it to the French,\\nand in this way de Gourgues returned to his native\\ncountry, smarting under his injuries. When it became\\nQ. Give an account of his reception at court. What\\nrumor was there at this time? Relate what was done in\\nFrance on the arrival of the news concerning the massacre\\nat Fort Caroline and Matanzas. Who was to avenge the\\nmurder at Fort Caroline and Matanzas? Give an account of\\nDominic de Gourgues life.\\n64", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "evident that the court of France would do nothing to\\nexact vengeance for its subjects murdered in Florida,\\nhe determined to take the task upon himself. Secrecy\\nwas necessary, for the court would very likely report\\nhis undertaking to the king of Spain and so he gave\\nit out that he was preparing to go on a slave-hunt on\\nthe western coast of Africa. Accordingly, three ves-\\nsels were fitted out, partly at his own expense, partly\\nat the expense of his friends, and on the 22nd\\n1567 of August, 1567, with one hundred men and\\nAug. 2.2 eighty-four mariners, he set sail from Bor-\\ndeaux, bound for the slave coast, where the\\nremainder of the year was spent, and a cargo of ne-\\ngroes was captured.\\nArrival in Florida: Indian Allies. De Gour-\\ngues now turned westward, and after a speedy voyage\\nreached San Domingo, where he sold the negroes to\\nthe Spaniards, repaired his vessels, and procured a\\npilot for the Florida coast. Just after leaving San\\nDomingo, it is said, he for the first time made known\\nto his men his intention of punishing the Spaniards\\nfor the insult offered his country by the murder of her\\nsubjects, and asked for their assistance in an\\nattack on Fort San Mateo. Not a man was\\nthere whose heart did not burn at the story of his\\ncountrymen s wrongs, and who did not declare his\\neagerness to begin the work of revenge. In a short\\ntime the mouth of the St. Johns was reached but de\\nQ. Why did he determine to take vengeance on the Span-\\nlards? What did he give out as the object of his voyage?\\nTell about his expedition to the coast of Africa. What did he\\ndo at San Domingo? When did he first tell his men his\\nplans?\\n6 6S", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "Gourgues did not land, though he might easily have\\ndone so, being mistaken for a Spaniard by the Spanish\\noutposts. Instead, he ran up to the mouth of the St.\\nMary s River. Here the Indians would not permit the\\nFrenchmen to land until it was made known ihat they\\nwere not Spaniards, whereupon they were received\\nwith every demonstration of joy. In three days, the\\nchiefs Olocatora and Saturiba had their followers as-\\nsembled, ready for the surprise of the forts on the San\\nMateo and they brought with them a youth about\\nsixteen years of age, Peter de Bre by name, who had\\nescaped from Fort Caroline and who was now useful\\nas an interpreter.\\nSan Mateo Destroyed. Just at dawn de Gourgues\\nand his allies arrived near the fort on the north side of\\nthe mouth of the river, but were held back by the tide\\nuntil mid-day then they crossed and came close to the\\nplace before the Spaniards saw them. At the cry\\nThe French the French the garrison, thinking the\\nFrench came on ships, rushed to the gates to escape,\\nand the whole number was killed or captured. The fort\\non the opposite side was soon silenced, a few cannon\\nhaving been fired at de Gourgues party and again\\nevery man was killed or captured. Reconnoitering\\nparties were now sent out towards San Ma-\\n1568 teo, who captured a Spanish soldier disguised\\nas an Indian, and from him they learned that\\nthe troops in San Mateo were ignorant of the real\\nQ. How did Gourgues men receive his plan? Where did\\nhe land on the Florida coast? How did the Indians receive\\nhim? What youth was brought to him? Tell about the at-\\ntack on the first Spanish fort at the mouth of the St. Johns\\nRiver. Give an account of the second fort. What parties\\nwere sent out?\\n66", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "number of the invaders, supposing them to be about\\ntwo thousand strong. This decided the French to\\nattack at once. xA.s they and their red alhes drew\\nnear the Spanish fort, about sixty men came out to re-\\nconnoiter, whom de Gourgues cut to pieces, the In-\\ndians having got in their rear and thereby prevented\\ntheir return. Upon this the garrison rushed out,\\npanic-stricken, and endeavored to make their way to\\nSt. Augustine but only a few, including the com-\\nmander, succeeded in escaping. Much booty was se-\\ncured in the fort; but before it could all be placed on\\nboard the vessels, an Indian, who was cooking fish,\\naccidentally set lire to a powder-train leading to the\\nmagazine, and the explosion that followed destroyed\\nthe storehouses.\\nNot as to Spaniards, but as to Traitors, Rob-\\nbers, AND Murderers. The Spanish prisoners were\\nnow led to the spot where in 1565 Menendez had\\nhanged part of the P ench taken in the capture of Fort\\nCaroline, and were read a severe lecture. On the very\\ntrees where the Huguenots had swung, de Gourgues\\nhung his Catholic captives, and nearby he set up a pine\\nboard with these words burned into it with a red-hot\\niron Not as to Spaiiiards, but as to Traitors, Robbers,\\nand Murderers.\\nReturn of Dominic de Gourgues to France.\\nIn May, 1568, the avenger of the Huguenots of\\nQ. What was learned from the Spanish soldiers? How\\nwas a party of sixty cut up? What defense was made by the\\ngarrison? How was it that all the booty was not carried on\\nboard the ships? What did de Gourgues do with his pris-\\noners? Give the inscription set up nearby. How did the\\nIndians part with him?\\n67", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "Fort Caroline sailed for France amid the tears of his\\nIndian friends, to whom he had to promise\\nMay\\nto return within a twelvemonth. In France\\nhe was received with great rejoicing. The king of\\nSpain demanded that he should be given up, and\\nCharles IX of France would have surrendered him\\nhad he not concealed himself and remained\\n1568 hid for several years, till Charles gave him\\nassurance of protection, in the end making\\nhim, it is said, admiral of the French fleet. He died\\nsuddenly in 1582, regretted by many.\\nMenendez Again in Florida: His Death, At\\nthe very time that Dominic de Gourgues was destroy-\\ning San Mateo, Menendez was on his way across the\\nAtlantic with abundant supplies and reinforcements.\\nHe had been made governor of Cuba, in addition to\\nthe governorship of his own province of Florida.\\nAfYairs in the latter region were in a wretched condi-\\ntion, owing to the hostility of the Indians and to the\\nlack of food and clothing. Menendez rebuilt San\\nMateo reestablished his other posts on the coast and\\npaid especial attention to the conversion of the natives.\\nHe soon had missionaries teaching from the southern\\npoint of Florida to the Chesapeake Bay, to which the\\nmissionaries were guided by an Indian from that part\\nof the country who had been educated in Spain but\\nhe proved faithless, and the band of fathers was mas-\\nsacred, only one escaping (see page 96).\\nQ. How was he received in France? What office did\\nde Gourgues finally obtain? What was Menendez doing at\\nthis time? How were affairs in Florida? Give an account\\nof Menendez s operations. Tell about the missionaries sent\\nto Chesapeake Bay.\\n68", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "As the importance of Florida declined, and as its\\nmaintenance caused a constant drain on his resources,\\nthe governor finall}- returned to Spain, leav-\\n1574 ing the government in the hands of his\\nnephew, Pedro A/Tenendez Marquez. In\\nSpain he enjoyed the highest favor with the king, who,\\nin 1574, appointed him to the command of the famous\\nInvincil)le Armada which was to be fitted out against\\nEngland but in this same year he was attacked by a\\nviolent fever and died at Santander at the age of fifty-\\nfive.\\nSir Francis Drake Burns St. Augustine. After\\nthe depart ire of the energetic Menendez, the settle-\\nnicius in Florida became little more than\\n1586 militarv posts; and as no gold or silver w^as\\nMay discovered, it was difficult to obtain settlers\\nwilling to engage merely in the tillage of the\\nsoil. In 1586 the famous English rover. Sir Francis\\nDrake, was sailing along the coast on his way back to\\nEngland from a freebooting expedition to the West\\nIndies. On Anastasia Island he descried a platform\\nraised on four masts, evidently a lookout station. Be-\\nfore sighting the lookout, neither Drake nor his men\\nknew of a Spanish settlement in this part of the world.\\nLate in the afternoon a cannon was landed on the\\npoint of the island nearest the Spanish fort, and two\\nshots were fired, one passing through the Spanish flag,\\nthe other striking the ramparts but nothing further\\nwas done on account of the darkness. During the\\nnight a French fifer, a survivor of the second Matan-\\nQ. Where did Menendez now go? How was he received\\nin Spain? What important command was given him? How\\nold was he at his death?\\n69", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "zas massacre, came out to the ships in a canoe, reported\\nthat the Spaniards had deserted their fort, and offered\\nto act as a guide. Boats at once put off, and, after one\\nor two shots from the few soldiers remaining, reached\\nthe fort, which had been deserted so hurriedly that\\nabout ten thousand dollars that were to pay the garri-\\nson fell into the hands of the English. The town also\\nsurrendered, the inhabitants fleeing towards San Ma-\\nteo, and was burned in retaliation for the death of the\\nEnglish sergeant-major. Sir Francis also intended\\nto destroy San Mateo and St. Helena, but was pre-\\nvented from landing at these places by the stormy\\nweather.\\nFor the next hundred years the history of Florida\\nis almost entirely a record of the efforts of missionar-\\nies to Christianize the natives.\\nQ. What now became of the colonies? Tell about Drake s\\nfinding St. Augustine. What was done in the evening? Tell\\nabout the fifer. Give an account of the taking of the fort.\\nOf the town. What else did Drake intend to do? Give the\\ncharacter of the history of Florida for the next hundred years.\\n70", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "INDIANS:\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nHISTORY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CIVILIZATION\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RELIGION.\\nLinguistic Family: Tribes. The Indians of\\nFlorida belong to the great family of Maskoki, or Mus-\\ncogee. This family\\nwas made up of the\\nvarious tribes dwell-\\ning in the southeast-\\nern part of the United\\nStates, with the ex-\\nception of two tribes\\ninhabiting the dis-\\ntricts Caloosa and Te-\\nquesta, in the end of\\nthe peninsula. It is\\nvery probable that\\nthese two came from\\n,the neighboring is-\\nlands and, indeed,\\nthere was a tradition\\nthat the people of Te-\\nquesta were the same as those who held the Bahama\\nor Lucayan Islands. In the sixteenth century the\\n71\\nINDIAN TRIBES OF THE i6tH CENTURY.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "location of the tribes was about as follows: The pro-\\nvince of Tocobaga lay north of Caloosa between the\\nHillsboro and Withlacoochee Rivers, and extended\\neastwardly to the Ocklawaha. North of Teqnesta, the\\nsoutheastern corner of Florida, were the villages under\\nthe sway of the powerful Utina, whose residence was\\nnear the northern end of Lake George. Still further\\nnorth, in the fertile district now known as Alachua and\\nMarion counties, ruled Vitachuco, who, it will be re-\\nmembered, gave Hernando de Soto a severe struggle.\\nSaturiba, the ally of Dominic de Gourgues, held sway\\nover the territory around the mouth of the St. Johns\\nand northwardly along the coast nearly as far as the\\nSavannah. Between the Suwannee and the Chatta-\\nhoochee were the Apalaches. West Florida seems at\\nthis time to have been sparsely settled, for there is\\nonly one tribe mentioned there, the Pensacola or hair-\\npeople who belonged to the Choctaw nation, which\\naccording to tradition once had its abode in this re-\\ngion.\\nAbout one hundred years after the settlement of St.\\nAugustine, when the original inhabitants had been re-\\nduced by prolonged conflict among themselves and\\nwith the whites, bands from various more northern\\ntribes began to descend into Florida. The earliest\\nband came from the Savannahs or Yemassees, who,\\npressed out from their own territory by the English\\nsettlers of Carolina, moved south and in the course of\\ntime occupied the region known as Middle Florida,\\nwhere they became united with the remnants of the\\nQ. To what family did the Florida Indians belong? Where\\ndid the tribes of Caloosa and Teqnesta come from? Where\\nwas Tocobaga? the reahii of Utina? Where did Vitachuco\\nrule? Saturiba? Where were the Apalaches?\\n72", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "old tribts. P roin near the same locality as the Yemas-\\nsees came also the Uchees and the Apalachicolas\\n(Apalafcluikla, not to be confounded with the Apalaches),\\nwho, about 1716, settled under Cherokee Lechee on\\nthe banks of the river afterwards called the Apalachi-\\ncola. These settlements were the most important\\ncommunities of the Lower Creeks, who also occupied\\nWest Florida. Of the Creeks and the Seminoles a\\nmore extended account is necessary because of their\\nimportance.\\nCreek Nation. The Creek Indians were the last\\nof the great waves of migration which swept from the\\nwest across the Mississippi in the centuries preceding\\nthe arrival of Columbus, and at one time they held the\\nterritory embraced in the States of Mississippi, Ala-\\nbama, Georgia, and parts of South Carolina and Flor-\\nida. There is a legend that when Cortes conquered\\nMexico, the Creeks were the allies of the Tlascalans,\\nbut were frightened by the tales of Spanish prowess\\nand fled northward. They continued in flight until\\nthey met the Alibamus, whom they defeated and con-\\ntinued to pursue across the Missouri, beyond the Mis-\\nsissippi, and southward, until finally a home and rest-\\ning-place was found on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and\\nChattahoochee Rivers. The name Creek was given\\nthem by early traders because of the numerous streams\\nfound in their country. During the eighteenth cen-\\nQ. What tribe has left its name in West Florida? Why\\nwere the original tribes reduced? Give an account of the\\nYemassees. Give an account of the Uchees and Apalachi-\\ncolas. With whom must not the Apalachicolas be con-\\nfounded? Who occupied West Florida in later times? Where\\ndid the Creek Indians come from? What territory did they\\nonce occupy?\\n73", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "tury the French, Spanish, and EngHsh vied with each\\nother in courting the favor of the Creeks for\\n1740 the sake of their trade. In 1740 a band of\\nthese In(hans accompanied General Ogle-\\nthorpe in his expedition against St. Augustine, and\\nduring the Revolutionary War the whole nation sided\\nINDIAN \\\\VARRiOR_. De Bry 1391.\\nwith the British. But of this and of their further his-\\ntory more will be said hereafter.\\nSeminoles. When Governor Moore of South\\nCarolina endeavored to drive out the Spanish from St.\\nAugustine in the year 1702, a part of his forces\\nwere Creek Indians, who kept possession\\nof the lands north of the St. Johns, and, uniting\\n74", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "I750\\ni8oo\\nwith runaway negroes from the Enghsh and the Span-\\nish colonies, formed the nucleus from which came the\\nSeminoles. The term sciiiaiiolc or isti siinaiiolc signi-\\nfies scparatisls or niiia-a ays, and the Seminoles were\\nalways regarded as outcasts by the main body of the\\nCreeks. The present Seminoles of Florida call them-\\nselves Peninsula-people By 1732 they claimed the\\ncountry from the Flint River to St. Augus-\\ntine, and began of their own accord to make\\nincursions into the peninsula, as that of 1750\\nwhen Secofifee and his band settled the\\nAlachua region. Before the end of the last\\ncentury they were in possession of the entire peninsula,\\nhaving absorbed the different rem-\\nnants of the older tribes. Like the\\nCreeks, during the Revolution they\\nsided with the British but they do not\\nappear as a distinct body in American\\nhistory until the beginning of\\nthis century, when they were\\nunder the leadership of King\\nPayne, a son of Secofifee.\\nPayne was slain in a battle\\nwith the Americans in 1812.\\nIn 1817 and again in 1835, they en-\\ngaged in hostilities with the United\\nARROW-HEAD.\\nQ. Relate the legend of the origin of the Creeks. What\\nis the origin of the name Creek? Why did the English,\\nFrench, and Spanish court the favor of the Creeks? Tell\\nwhat is given about their history. What formed the nucleus\\nof the Seminole nation? What does Seminole mean? How\\ndid the Creeks regard the Seminoles? What do the Semi-\\nnoles call themselves? Mention something of their later\\nhistory.\\n75\\n1812\\n1817\\n1835", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "States, and the majority of them were finally removed\\nto the Indian Territory.\\nThe modern Seminoles are made up of separatists\\nfrom the Lower Creek towns but a large body of the\\nUpper Creeks joined them after the war with the\\nUnited States in T814 of remnants of tribes partly\\ncivilized by the Spaniards, of Yemassee Indians, and\\nsome negroes.\\nINDIANS CURING MEATS FOR WINTER. De Bry, ISgl.\\nCivilization of the Original Tribes. In ap-\\npearance the Floridians were of a light brown color,\\nsomewhat darker on the southern coasts of great\\nstature and fearful to look upon. Their terrible as-\\nl)ect was increased by the practice of tattooing their\\nbodies for the purpose of enhancing their beauty and\\nQ. How did the Seminoles treat the old tribes? When\\ndo they first appear as a distinct body in American history?\\nUnder what leader? What finally became of them? Of\\nwhat are the modern Seminoles made up? Describe the\\nappearance of the Florida Indians.\\n1(^", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "of recording their exploits in war. Clothing was little\\nneeded in their southern climate and so their attire\\nconsisted simply of deerskins dressed and dyed in var-\\nious colors, besides which they wc:)re light garments of\\nmoss or of palmetto leaves. But one description gives\\nthem little or no clothing. Their arms were bows and\\narrows, and spears, which were sometimes tipped with\\nfish bones.\\nDwellings. Old sketches made from memory by\\nthe French artist who was at Fort Caroline, represent\\nthe houses of these early peoples as rovmd, with floors\\nlevel with the ground, except in the case of the chief,\\nwhose house, in the centre of the village, was not\\nround and sometimes had its floor lower than the level\\nof the surface. In some districts the chief s house was\\non a high artificial mound, which was often capable of\\nholding as many as twenty houses. The dwellings\\nwere grouped together in villages, and were sur-\\nrounded with a close wall of posts set firmly in the\\nground and reaching above the surface about twice\\nthe height of a man. Occasionally, an entire village\\nwould be comprised within the w-alls of a single huge\\nbuilding, the different families living in the cabins\\nbuilt around the inside of the walls.\\nLivelihood. Agriculture was very simple. The\\nground was worked by means of sticks pointed at the\\nend or with clam shells fastened to them, and yet it is\\nsaid that a large yield was obtained in this way from\\nQ. Why did they tattoo? Describe their clothing. De-\\nscribe their arms. How does the French artist represent\\ntheir houses? How was the chiefs house constructed? On\\nwhat was it often placed? How were the dwellings grouped?\\nDescribe the occasional arrangement of a village. How was\\nthe ground cultivated?\\n^7", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "the seed of maize, beans, and other vegetables, planted\\ntwice a year, in March and in June or July. If, as\\nwas invariably the\\ncase, this food did\\nnot supply the sim-\\nple wants of the na-\\ntives for a year,\\nthey took to the for-\\nest and lived the re-\\nmainder of the time\\non roots and game.\\nThe waters of the\\ncoast furnished\\nthem with oysters and fish.\\nSport. The\\nINDIANS TILLI.NT, THE SOIL. De tity, 15^1.\\nfavorite sport was\\nball. To play this, a pole about fifty\\nfeet high was set up in the centre of\\nthe public square, and on the top was\\nplaced a mark which had to be struck\\nwith the ball in order to win the game.\\nMusical instruments were a sort of\\ndrum and a flute made of cane, with\\nwhich very unmelodious sounds were\\nproduced on festal occasions.\\nRuler. Very unlike the tribes in\\nthe northern parts of the United\\nHOEORADzoFcoNCH Statcs, wlicrc a chief held his ofBce\\nSHELL KEY DWELL-\\nERs. only SO long as he was superior m\\nvalor and wisdom, the Floridians were ruled by fami-\\nlies in which the power of king remained and de-\\nQ. How often was a crop planted? What was done when\\nthe food supply failed? Give an account of the favorite sport.\\nWhat musical instruments were used?\\n78\\nProc. Amer. Ph Soc.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "scended to the children of the first wife. Indeed, in\\nCaloosa the king was considered divine and able to\\ngrant or withhold rain as he pleased. But among all\\nthe tribes he had absolute power over his subjects,\\nwho were devoted\\nto him and ready to\\nlay down their lives\\nfor him at any time.\\nIt is said that even\\nthe food of the king\\nwas entirely differ-\\nent from that of his\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2people.\\n1 Caloosas. Ac-\\ncusation has been\\nbrought against the\\nnatives of Caloosa\\n;that they were sav-\\nage and given to\\npiracy but it is\\nhard to blame them\\nwhen it is remem-\\nbered that large\\nnumbers of them\\nTRUMPETER.\\n1763\\nDe Bry, 1591.\\nwere carried away by slave-catching Spaniards, who\\nat one time completely depopulated the Florida Keys.\\nThe last remnant of the tribe were possessors\\nof Cayo Vaco and Key West, where they\\nwere notorious for their cruelty to shipwrecked mari-\\nQ. How did the office of the chief differ among the Flor-\\nidians from that of the northern tribes? Give an account of\\nthe king of Caloosa. Tell of the other kings of the tribes.\\nWhat accusation is brought against the Caloosas? What\\ncan be said in their favor?\\n79", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "ners. In 1763 the whole body, to the number of\\neighty famihes, moved to Cuba, and have not again\\nPioc Amer. Pbilos. Soc.\\nTOV CANOE KEY DWELLERS.\\nbeen heard of. The name of Caloosa hngers in Flor-\\nida in Caloosahatchee.\\nWar. No American Indians were fiercer than the\\ntribes which have at various times occupied the penin-\\nsula of Florida. This is attested by the experience\\nof those who have tried to conquer them, from the\\ndays of Juan Ponce de Leon to the Seminole War,\\nwhen for seven years a few hundred Indians held at\\nbay the armies of the United States. Their methods\\nof fighting were like those of other Indians. Some\\nProc. Amer. Pliilos. Soc.\\nWEAPON FITTED WITH SHARK S TEETH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 KEY DWELLERS.\\ntribes used poisoned arrows some used sculptured\\nwar clubs. A declaration of war rarely preceded an\\nattack but some of the tribes in northern Florida\\nwere accustomed to stick up arrows around the town\\nor camp of the enemy on the evening before the at-\\ntack. Fighting was always carried on by small bands,\\nand was for the purpose of obtaining scalps, slaves,\\nplunder, and hunting-grounds.\\nReligion. Idols were unknown among the Flor-\\nidians. The sun and the moon were the objects of\\nQ. Give an account of the last remnant of the tribe.\\nWhere is the name Caloosa found? What was the character\\nof the Florida Indians in war? How did some tribes fight?\\n80", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "their veneration and were honored by festivals, the\\nprincipal festival being about the first of March at\\ncorn-planting time. A deer was sacrificed to the sun\\nat the time of this festival, and its body or skin, stuffed\\nwith grain or fruits, was suspended from the top of a\\npole, around which a sacred chorus danced and sang.\\nIn the northern portion of the\\npeninsula, the Toya feast was\\nicelebrated about the time green\\ncorn became eatable. Those who\\nwished to take part in the cele-\\nbration were led by the priests\\ninto the public square, around\\nwhich they danced and yelled\\nthree times, and then, suddenly\\nbreaking off, rushed into the\\nforest, where they remained\\nthree da3 s fasting, when they\\nreturned home to a famous\\nbanquet already prepared for\\nthem. In the meanwhile, the\\nwomen had been weeping and\\n.wailing for them, tearing their\\nhair and cutting themselves\\nand their daughters with\\nstones and as the blood flowed they caught the drops\\nand cast them into the air, crying He toya! At the\\ntime of the full moon there was a great celebration. At\\nfirst the priest, with face to the rising moon, made hid-\\nQ. Tell how war was declared by some tribes. How was\\nfighting carried on, and for what purpose? What gods were\\nworshipped? How were they honored? Describe the prin-\\ncipal festival. Give an account of the behavior of the men\\nat the Toya. Of the women.\\n7 8i\\nProc. Amer. Philos. Soc\\nWOLF FIGUREHEAD FOR RELI-\\nGIOUS CEREMONIES KEY\\nDWELLERS.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "eons noises and acted like a madman for the space of\\nhalf an hour after this all joined in, making noises like\\nvarious animals, and the ceremony was kept up till\\nmidnight. Human sacrifices were occasionally offered\\nand around the St.\\nJohns River there\\nwas a custom of\\noffering the first-\\nborn son. Serpents\\nwere held in vener-\\nation, as is illustrat-\\ned by the story that\\nwhen one of Domi-\\nnic de Gourgues\\nmen killed a snake,\\nthe natives cut off\\nthe head and carried\\nit away with great\\ncare and respect.\\nThe same venera-\\ntion existed also\\namong the Semi-\\nProc. Amer, Philos. Soc. nolcS.\\nAn important man\\nin the community was the priest or medicine-man, who\\nwas ready with his herbs and simples to cure the sick,\\nand with his magic to supply rain or foretell the result\\nof a battle. Often he promised the Indian brave that\\nhe should not be struck by bullets, and that he should\\nconquer the enemy from a distance.\\nQ. Describe the ceremony at the time of a full moon.\\nGive an account of human sacrifices. Tell about the venera-\\ntion of serpents. Give an account of the medicine man.\\n82\\nKINGFISHER BIRD-GOD OF WAR OF ANCIENT KEY\\nDWELLERS.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Along the St. Johns River a priest or chief at his\\ndeath was interred in a grave which had been dug in\\nhis dwelHng and over which a low mound was raised\\nthis was surrounded with arrows sticking in the\\nground, and was surmounted by the conch that had\\nserved him as a cup during his life. His possessions\\nwere gathered into his house and the whole burned.\\nThe tribe fasted for three days and\\nnights, and his death was bewailed\\nby the women for six moons, thrice\\neach day. The Caloosas exposed\\nthe bodies of their dead to the air,\\nseemingly to procure the bones,\\nwhich were buried in an ordinary\\ngrave. It will be remembered that\\nJuan Ortiz was set to guard bodies\\nexposed in wooden coflfins, in order\\nto keep the wild beasts from carry-\\ning them ofif.\\nCustoms, Rites, Etc., of\\nLater Tribes. As the original\\ntribes belonged almost entirely\\nto the Muscogee family, it is\\nnatural that there should be a great\\nRet of Bur. of Ethtioi. likcncss bctwcen their customs,\\nMODERN SEMINOLE, ntes, ctc. aud those of the later\\ntribes, who also belonged to the same family. But the\\nCreeks and Seminoles had peculiarities which are in\\nthemselves interesting and instructive.\\nQ. Describe the grave of priest or king. What was done\\nwith his property? What ceremonies of mourning were em-\\nployed? How did the Caloosas bury their dead? Who was\\nset to guard the corpses? Why should the customs of later\\ntribes be similar to those of the earlier?\\n83", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "Appearance. The men of the Creek nation were\\nlarge, powerful fellows but in striking contrast was\\nthe sniallness of the women, who were, however, very\\nhandsome as would also appear from the number of\\nmarriages between white traders and Creek women.\\nSome Seminoles exhibited their mixed origin of In-\\ndian and negro but some were very tall and fine look-\\nin 2:.\\nRep. 0/ Bur. of Ethnol.\\nMODERN SEMINOLE HOUSE.\\nPublic Square of the Creeks. In the center of\\nevery Creek town of any size was reserved a piece of\\nground of square shape, in which were the only public\\nbuildings of the town, a great house, consisting of four\\nQ. Give the appearance of the Creek men as contrasted\\nwith that of the women. What is said of the appearance of\\nthe Seminoles? Describe the square of the Creek towns.\\n84", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "sheds opening- on tlie square one on each side, and a\\ncouncil house, on a circular mound in the northeast cor-\\nner. The square was the centre of all public life,\\nand was the place where the annual busk was held.\\nHere was also the play-ground, in the northwestern\\nangle, with its pole in the middle, on the top of which\\na mark was fastened, to be shot at with\\nrifles or arrows. Traders called the\\nplay-ground chunkey yard, from the prin-\\ncipal game played in it, the game of\\nchunkey, which consisted of rolling on\\nits edge a rounded stone, called the\\nchunkc, and then throwing a pole after\\nit. The man whose pole lay nearest the\\nstone when it ceased rolling won the\\ngame.\\nRed Towns and White Towns.\\nCreek towns were divided intO two\\nclasses, red towns, and white towns, a\\ndistinction which is said to have been a\\nthing of the past bv the end of the last\\nRep. of Bur.\\nofEthnoi. .century. The term Red refers to the\\nSEMINOLE WOMAN. ^^.^^Ijj^g dispositiou of these towns, de-\\npicting, it is supposed, the wrath of the warrior on the\\nwar-path and red paint was applied to one side of the\\nposts of the warrior s house in the public square.\\nThese towns were governed by warriors only. White\\ntowns were peace towns governed by civil ofificers,\\nQ. For what was it used? What was in the middle of the\\nplayground? What name did the traders give it? Why?\\nHow were Creek towns divided? What does the term red\\nrefer to? How were the red towns governed? Give an ac-\\ncount of the white towns. Tell about the knowledge of writ-\\ning among the Creeks.\\n85", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "and were said to have been places of refuge for per-\\nsons fleeing from punishment or from the vengeance\\nof their pursuers.\\nMethods of Recording Events. In common\\nwith most of the tribes of North America, the Creeks\\npossessed a knowledge of picture-writing, generally\\non tanned skins, such as the one given General Ogle-\\nthorpe, which contained the legend concerning the mi-\\ngration of the Creeks. But this tribe had a method of\\nrecording events peculiar to themselves, namely, the\\nuse of strings of small beads in the shape of a narrow\\nriblion. Beads of various colors were employed, and\\ntheir meaning depended on their size and position on\\nthe string. One old tradition thus preserved told how\\nthe Creek nation had once dwelled in cave-homes\\nalong the Red River of Louisiana, and how they had\\nwandered thence to their homes in Alabama.\\nCondition of Woman. Woman s life was drudg-\\nery. She prepared her lord s food made salt culti-\\nvated the earth tanned deer skins and made mocca-\\nsins of them spun bufifaloe wool and manufac-\\ntured the various articles of household use, baskets,\\nbrooms, pots, bowls, and other earthen and wooden\\nvessels. Among the several tribes of the Muscogee\\nfamily the children took the name of the mother, and\\nnot of the father and in case of his death were cared\\nfor by her nearest relatives.\\nQ. What peculiar method of recording events did they\\nhave? What old tradition is thus preserved? Give an ac-\\ncount of woman s life. Whose name did the children take?\\nWhat kind of marriage was forbidden. How are those who\\nhave more than one wife punished among the Seminoles?\\nHow may the man be reinstated?\\n86", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Marriage. Intermarriag-e between members of\\nthe same family was forbidden. Divorce was very\\nfrequent but a plurality of wives was not allowed.\\nThis ofifence is punished among the modern Seminoles\\nby banishment of the man from the tribe, although he\\nis reinstated if he can jump unseen into the midst of\\nthe ring at the green corn dance.\\nInitiation of Boys. Creek boys were taught\\nfrom an early age to accustom themselves to hardship\\nthey had to swim in the coldest weather had to un-\\ndergo a scratching from head to foot with broken glass\\nor gar-fish teeth, and, when covered with blood, wash\\nRep. of Bur. of Etknol.\\nSEMINOLE CRADLE.\\nin cold water. As a punishment, they were scratched\\nin the same way without the wash in cold water. It is\\nno wonder that the men suffered from rheumatism and\\nother afflictions. Between the ages of fifteen and sev-\\nenteen a Creek youth underwent the ceremony of in-\\nitiation into manhood. First, he remained in a house\\nfor four days, eating only bitter roots after this he\\ncame out wearing a new pair of moccasins. Then for\\ntwelve moons he could not eat the meat of young deer,\\nof turkey-cocks, of fowls, nor peas, nor salt nor could\\nQ. Give the method of accustoming boys to hardship.\\nDescribe the initiation. What effect was it supposed to have\\non the youth?\\n87", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "he pick his ears or scratch his head with his fingers but\\nhad to use a stick. At the end of the twelfth moon, he\\ntook a bath in cold water, the last act of the ceremony.\\nDuring the period of his initiation the youth was sup-\\nposed to have visions which revealed to him the prin-\\nciples of bravery, the modes of charming enemies at\\na distance and of obtaining scalps, riches and the way\\nto obtain them, and the prospects of happiness and dis-\\ntinction. The ceremony ended, the young man now\\nbecame a brave.\\nNames. Women and boys had only one name.\\nAmong the warriors there were war-names, such as\\nWhite Lieutenant Mad Dog and Old Red\\nShoe and also war titles, which were conferred for\\nbravery in battle, such as deer warrior deer crazy\\nwarrior deer heartless warrior and deer hallooing\\nwarrior A promising young man could obtain by ap-\\npointment the ofBce of leader from that could ad-\\nvance to the position of upper leader and finally to\\nthe highest distinction of great warrior In time\\nof war a generalissimo or commander-in-chief,\\nwas selected from all the great warriors\\nWar Customs. War was not declared before the\\nattack. When the great warrior determined to go\\non the war-path, he gave notice to his followers, and\\nat his departure uttered the war-whoop and fired ofif\\nhis gun. This his men also did, although many of\\nthe warriors did not join him for two or three days.\\nQ. How many names had women and boys? Mention\\nsome war names. Give some war titles. What were the\\ngrades of advancement? How was the generahssimo\\nchosen? Give the leader s method of starting on the war-\\npath. Give an account of the marching of the party. Tell\\nabout the camp. What prisoners were spared?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "The war-party marched in single file, each man step-\\nping in the tracks of the man in front, often the last\\nman covering up the tracks with pieces of grass. At\\nnight every warrior lay close to his neighbor, form-\\ning a circle around the camp-fire, and no one moved\\nafter a signal given by the commander. All prison-\\ners, with the exception of little children, were merci-\\nlessly slain by the Creeks.\\nGovernment. The tribe was divided into gentcs\\nor families^ each with a name or totem, and the mem-\\nbers of a family lived together, so that a village pre-\\nsented the appearance of several clusters of houses\\njoined together. Among the Creeks, the principal\\nfamilies were the Wind, the Tiger, the Bear, and the\\nEagle, the first being the chief family and furnishing\\nthe Great Chief of the Confederacy, wdio was, how-\\never, of influence only as he was a man of superior\\nwisdom and ability. He did not always unite in him-\\nself the office of governor and general, as was shown\\nby the case of Alexander McGillivray, who had a\\nFrenchman named Milfort appointed as commander-\\nin-chief of the Creek nation. The Creeks w^ere simply\\na union of many tribes and towns for the purpose of\\nmutual defense, and every individual or town could go\\non the war-path at pleasure, even against the decree of\\nthe Great Chief. There was no fixed capital the\\nchiefs of the Confederacy met annually in some central\\ntown. In every town there was an executive officer\\nQ. How was the tribe divided? What appearance did the\\nvillage present? Which were the principal Creek families?\\nOn what did the great chief s influence depend? How was\\nhis office often divided? What was the Confederacy? Where\\ndid the chiefs meet? Give the different grades of offices in a\\ntown? How did the Creeks address the Supreme Ruler?\\n89", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "called Micco, usually styled by the whites King; next\\nto him in power was the council; after these the old men\\nor advisers then the beloved men, who were dis-\\ntinguished in public service, especially as warriors.\\nReligious Beliefs; Superstitions. The Creeks\\naddressed the Supreme Ruler as Source of Breath\\nwho is simply the wind personified as God. But the\\nfour winds from the four cardinal points of the com-\\npass, were in an old legend represented as four females,\\nfrom whom the original four clans of the Creeks were\\ndescended and these winds were honored every year\\nRep. of Bur. of Ethnol.\\nSEMINOLE BIER.\\nbv the celebration of the Busk. Concerning the state\\nafter death, a distinguished chief said that an old no-\\ntion was that the spirit went to the west, and there\\njoined its family and friends who had gone before it\\nbut there was no belief in future reward or punishment,\\nexcept that the good spirit was cared for and the bad\\nleft to shift for itself. A belief in transmigration of\\nQ. Tell about the four winds. How were they honored?\\nWhat was the belief about a future state? Tell about the\\nSeminole s belief in transmigration of souls.\\n90", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "souls existed among the Seminoles, who held the in-\\nfant over the face of its dying mother in order that it\\nmight receive her spirit. There is a story that once a\\nfemale slave was slain on the tomb of a Seminole\\nprincess to be her companion and attendant in the\\nother world. An interesting sacrifice was one offered\\nevery morning to the sun at dawn the chief smoked\\nbefore his door a pipeful of tobacco, and blew the\\nsmoke first towards the rising sun, then towards the\\nother three points of the compass.\\nAmong many tribes spread over North and South\\nAmerica there was a custom of thrashing the dogs of\\nthe town during an eclipse a practice which the\\nCreeks explained by saying that the big dog, meaning\\nnight, was swallowing the sun, and that by whipping\\nthe little dogs they could make him cease. Belief in\\ncharms was strong. A peculiar charm was the one\\ngiven a young warrior, composed of the bones of a\\npanther and of the horn of a fabulous snake. The old\\nmen of the tribe went to the edge of the water where\\ndwelled the wonderful snake, and there sang the sacred\\nsongs, whereupon he rose to the surface. The songs\\nwere repeated, and the monster rose a little out of the\\nwater. At the next repetition he showed his horns,\\nand one was cut off. A fourth time the old men sang,\\nand, as the monster listened, his remaining horn was\\ncut off. A piece of one of the horns was given the\\nyoung warrior to keep ofT the arrows of his foes.\\nQ. What human sacrifice among the Seminoles is on\\nrecord? Tell about the tobacco sacrifice. Give an account\\nof the custom of thrashing dogs. What charm was given a\\nyoung warrior? Describe the way in which the snake s\\nhorns were obtained. What power did a piece of the horn\\nhave?\\n91", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "Of one class of priests among the Creeks an old\\nwriter says that they dressed in white robes and car-\\nried on their head or arm a great owlskin, stuffed\\nvery ingeniously, as an insignia of wisdom and divina-\\ntion. These bachelors are also distinguishable from\\nother people by their taciturnity, grave and solemn\\ncountenance, dignified step, and singing to themselves\\nsongs or hymns, in a low, sweet voice, as they stroll\\nabout the towns\\nAnnual Busk. This festival lasted for eight days\\nat the ripening of the corn. On the first day, the area\\nof the great house was cleaned, and the assi, or black\\ndrink, brewed a new fire was then kindled, and the\\nwomen of the turkey family danced the turkey dance,\\nafter which assi was dnmk. But the great day\\nwas the last day, when\\nthe magic drink was\\nprepared. Late in the\\nevening a crowd gath-\\nered on the bank of\\na stream. Each man\\nput a grain of old\\nman s tobacco on his\\nhead and in each ear\\nand, after throwing\\nsome of it into the\\nwater, jumped in,\\npicked up four stones,\\nEARTHEN JAR. FROM AN INDIAN MOUND. ^rOSSed himSClf foUr\\nQ. Give the old writer s account of certain Creek priests.\\nHow long did the Busk last? What was done on the first\\nday? Describe the proceedings of the last day. What change\\ntook place at this festival? What was done to symbolize the\\nchange?\\n92", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "times with them, and threw them back into the river,\\nat the same time uttering the death-whoop. The long\\ndance ended the ceremony. After this all quarrels\\nwere forgotten all crimes except murder absolved\\nand, as a symbol of the complete change, the utensils\\nof the house were broken and replaced by new ones.\\nAntiquities. Along the St. Johns River, on the\\nrich lands of Marion and Alachua counties, in the\\nhammocks of the Suwannee, and scattered over many\\nparts of the peninsula, are mounds, some of great\\nheight and extent,\\nwhich examination\\nlias shown to hci\\ntumuli for the deposit\\nof .the bones of the\\ndead. Their great\\nsize is due to addi- earthen dish, from an indian mound.\\ntions, made from time to time, to the original\\nheap. In them are found pieces of pottery,\\nstone axes and arrow heads, beads, etc., some\\nof which go back to an early date, but others indicate\\nthat the mounds were built after the Spaniards\\nhad come into Florida. An old traveller gives an in-\\nteresting description of a mound on Lake George,\\nwhich was about one hundred yards across and twenty\\nfeet high and leading from it to a pond three-quarters\\nof a mile distant, was an avenue as level as a floor.\\nDistinct from mounds of this character are the heaps\\nof oyster shells along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, of\\nwhich some are natural deposits, and others are of\\nartificial origin. A third class of antiquities should\\nQ. Where are Indian mounds especially found? What\\ngave them their large size?\\n93", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "be mentioned, and that is the Indian old fields es-\\npecially frequent in the fertile district of Alachua\\ncounty. These fields once belonged to the Seminoles\\nin the days when they held undisputed sway, and by\\nMorast, Tampa.\\nINDIAN MOUND NEAR TAMPA.\\nthe marks of cultivation preserved in the tenacious\\nsoil, they can be easily distinguished from the lands\\ntilled by the Spanish occupants.\\nQ. What are found in these mounds? Give what is said\\nby an old traveller about a mound on Lake George. What\\nkind of mounds are to be distinguished from these? Give an\\naccount of the Indian old fields.\\n94", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nSPANISH MISSIONS-FORT MARION\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PENSACOLA\\nFirst Attempts to Christianize the Indians\\nOF Florida. From the first voyage of Juan Ponce\\nde Leon every adelantado carried priests and friars\\nwith his army, in order that the spiritual needs of the\\nnatives might be suppHed, whatever might become of\\ntheir bodies. The first real missionary ex-\\n1549 pedition was the unfortunate venture of\\nFather Cancer in 1549, as already related;\\n1565 but the first successful establishment of a\\nmission in Florida was effected after Pedro\\nMenendez had founded St. Augustine in 1565.\\nMissionary Zeal of Menendez. Menendez\\nbrought over with him in the first instance, four Jes-\\nuits and twelve friars, and immediately after his colony\\nhad fairly begun he sent missionaries with an Indian,\\nbrother of the chief of Axacan, along the coast north-\\nward towards Chesapeake Bay. Ow ing to\\n1567 bad weather, they sailed for Spain, where the\\nIndian was baptized under the name Don\\nLuis Velasco. In 1567 Menendez sent two zealous\\nfathers, one of them named Rogel, to Ca-\\nloosa, where he had already begun a settle-\\nQ. What did the adelantados bring with them? When\\nwas the first missionary expedition? After what date was\\nthe first successful mission established? Give an account of\\nMenendez s first missionary effort. Tell about Father Rogel.\\n95", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "nient but after two years Father Rogel gave up\\nin despair and sought another field of labor in the\\ncountry north of the Savannah. In the meantime,\\nhowever, at the suggestion of these two missionaries,\\na seminary for the education of Florida youth was es-\\ntablished at Havana, and the cacique of Caloosa s son\\nwas sent there to be educated but in spite of all efforts\\nto christianize and reconcile him to the Spanish su-\\npremacy, on his return home he became more trou-\\nblesome and barbarous than ever Of ten\\n1568 missionaries who came over in 1568, one.\\nFather Antonio Sedeiio, took up his resi-\\ndence on Guale or Amelia Island. Here he labored\\nmost diligently but his only reward was the conver-\\nsion of seven persons, and four of these infants in the\\nthroes of death, although it will be remembered Me-\\nnendez claimed to have converted the natives\\n1570 of Guale in a body. Two years later the In-\\ndian, Don Luis Velasco, set out with a num-\\nber of missionaries for the province of Axacan. After\\nhe had conducted them several days journey into the\\nwilderness, he deserted, but shortly returned with a\\nband of warriors, who slew every missionary, one boy\\nescaping out of the whole company. Later Menen-\\ndez came to the Chesapeake Bay in person to chastise\\nthe murderers but he could capture only eight In-\\ndians, whom he hanged from the yard-arm of his ves-\\nsel, after they had been converted by Father Rogel.\\nAbout this time the Jesuits gave up the attempt to\\nQ. What was established at Havana? Tell about the ca-\\ncique of Caloosa s son. Give an account of Father Sedeiio.\\nTell about the expedition led by the Indian Don Luis. What\\ndid Menendez do by way of punishing the murderers?\\n96", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "christianize the Indians of Florida, and their place was\\ntaken by the Franciscans.\\nFather Rogel. When Father Rogel left Caloosa\\nfor the country north of the Savannah, he studied the\\nlanguage of the natives industriously, and in six\\nmonths was able to preach to them in their own\\ntongue. Much interest began to be displayed by\\nthem, and he was dreaming of success, when suddenly\\nhis whole flock disappeared into the woods the time\\nto gather their winter store had arrived. But, un-\\ndaunted, he followed, and by liberally bestowing pres-\\nents, gathered a few Indians into a village, when again\\nthey deserted him for the forest. Again he followed\\nand, after eight months application, deciding that they\\nwere sufficiently instructed to receive baptism, he\\ncalled a council of the chiefs and proposed that the\\ntribe renounce the devil for the new faith. To the poor\\nmissionary s amazement, the leaders cried out unani-\\nmously The devil is the best thing in the world.\\nWe adore him he makes men valiant.\\n1569 Father Rogel gave up trying to convert these\\nIndians, although it is said that he returned\\nto them once more, this time barely escaping with his\\nlife.\\nMurder of Missionaries. After the departure of\\nMenendez the missionary work in Florida languished,\\nuntil 1592, when twelve Franciscans arrived;\\n1592 then in two years there were said to be no\\nless than twenty missions. Unhappily, one\\n1597 of these priests at Tolemato (the present ceme-\\ntery of St. Augustine), Father Corpa, found it\\nQ. Who took the place of the Jesuits? How successful\\nwas Father Rogel in learning the tongue of the natives?\\nHow was he disappointed? What did he then do?\\n8 97", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "necessary to rebuke the cacique s son in public. This\\nso enraged the young man that, gathering a band of\\nbraves from a neighboring village, he crept up to the\\nchapel in the night, burst in the door, and murdered\\nthe missionary before the altar. With fiery eloquence\\nthe young chief incited the Indians of Tolemato to slay\\nall the missionaries. They accordingly entered the\\nchapel of Father Montes nearby, murdered him, and\\ncast his body into an adjoining field. Guale was then\\nvisited, and its missions destroyed, the missionaries\\nbeing slain, except one Father Avila, who was made a\\nslave and compelled to labor in the field until finally\\nexchanged for an Indian, a prisoner in St. Augustine.\\nThe governor of St. Augustine hastened to the assist-\\nance of the priests, but arrived too late to do anything\\nexcept to lay waste the fields and villages of the In-\\ndians, thus bringing about a severe famine.\\nMissions Among the Apalaciies. In a few years\\nthe ruined missions were restored and others erected,\\nso that by 1615 it was said there were twenty\\n161 5 converts on the coast and in the interior.\\nAfter the war with the Apalaches in 1638, in\\n1638 which they were defeated, missions were es-\\ntablished among them, and within a few years\\nMiddle Florida was pretty thoroughly christianized,\\nso thoroughly that over a century afterwards\\n1684 the remnant of the Apalache tribe preserved\\nin their western home a portion of the Catho-\\nQ. What council did Father Rogel call? How did the\\nchiefs answer his proposition? How much longer did he\\ncontinue to preach to these Indians? How did missionary\\nwork thrive after Menendez s departure? Give an account of\\nFather Corpa s death. Of Father Montez s death. Tell about\\nthe missions at Guale. What was done by the govjrnor?\\n9S", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "lie faith. In 1684 troubles began, for in this year the\\nYemassees plundered St. Catharine s mission,\\n1696 but the work of the missionaries was greatly\\naided by the overland route to Pensacola,\\n1704 which was founded in 1696. Destruction\\nsoon came, however, with the inroads of the\\n1705 English under Governor Moore of South\\nCarolina in 1704, and of the Alibamus in\\n1705- _^\\nFinal Ruin of the Spanish Missions. From\\nthe time of Governor Moore s attack on St. Augus-\\ntine in 1702, there was a series of inroads\\n1702 into the province of Florida, following so\\nclose on one another that it was impossible\\nto reestablish the ruined missions before the final\\ndeath-blow came in the British occupation of\\n^7^3 ^7^3- Every Spaniard withdrew from Flor-\\nida. The new English possessors had no\\n1783 thought of converting the Indians and when\\nSpain twenty years later once more counted\\n1819 Florida as her own, affairs were so unsettled\\nthat the missions were not reopened. In\\n1 819 Florida ceased forever to be a Spanish posses-\\nsion.\\nFort Marion. When the Apalache Indians were\\nconquered in the war of 1638, large numbers of them\\nwere l^rought to St. Augustine and set to\\nQ. How many converts were there in 1615? Give an ac-\\ncount of missions among the Apalaches. How did the first\\ntrouble begin? What eflfect did the founding of Pensacola\\nhave? How did destruction come? Give an account of the\\ncause of the ruin of Spanish missions in Florida. What did\\nthe English do for missions? Why did not Spain reopen her\\nold missions?\\n09", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "1638\\nwork on the new fort designed to take the place of the\\nold San Juan de Pinas and for sixty years\\nApalache Indians were employed on the\\nstructure, doing the heaviest part of the work. Fort\\nMarion, or, as the Spaniards called it, San Marco, is\\nconstructed of coquina rock quarried on\\n1756 Anastasia Island, and was until modern times\\na fortress of considerable strength. It was\\ncompleted by the governor, Don Alonzo Fernandez\\nCox, SL Augustine.\\nFORT MARION.\\nde Herrera, according to the inscription over the gate-\\nway, in 1756, after nearly a century and a quarter of\\nhard labor bestowed on it by Indians, by con-\\n1842-3 victs from Mexico, and by the garrison; and\\nat the present time it stands as it was in the\\n1690 days of Don Alonzo, except that the water-\\nbattery was reconstructed by the United\\nStates in 1842-3. At the end of the seventeenth cen-", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "tury, in 1690, the fort, as well as the town, was en-\\ndangered by the encroachments of the sea. Governor\\nDon Diego de Qniroga y Losada called a meeting of\\nthe citizens and soldiers, who enthnsiastically embraced\\nthe project of erecting a wall to keep out the ocean\\nCox, Si. Augustine.\\nSEA-WALL, ST. AUGUSTINE.\\nbut the work dragged slowly along, and it was not\\nuntil many years after 1700 that the wall was com-\\npleted. The present structure is much superior to the\\nQ. On what were the Apalache prisoners set to work?\\nFor how long? What material was used in Fort Marion?\\nWhen was it completed? Who worked on it? What did the\\nUnited States construct? Give an account of the sea wall,\\nboth old and new.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "old one and about twice its length. It was built by\\nthe United States between the years 1837 and 1843\\nthe cost, it is said, of one hundred thousand dollars.\\nSan Juan de Pinas was the name of the old wooden\\nfort but, at some uncertain date, the new stone for-\\ntress was christened San Marco, which after 1763 the\\nEnglish changed to St. John. When the Spaniards\\ncame again into possession, San Marco was once more\\nits name, until the United States purchased Florida\\nand then this was changed into Marion, in honor of\\nthe Revolutionary hero.\\nBuccaneers Pillage St. Augustine. The latter\\npart of the seventeenth century saw many fair Spanish\\ncities of America pillaged and burned by the freeboot-\\ning buccaneers of the West Indies. St. Augustine\\nwas no exception, if the story be true which\\n1665 makes Captain Davis pillage the town in 1665.\\nFort San Marco was not at that time com-\\npleted, and its garrison of two hundred men made no\\nresistance.\\nFoundation of Pensacola. One hundred and\\nthirty-three years after Tristan de Luna had failed so\\nmiserably in his attempt to establish a settle-\\n1560 ment on the shores of Pensacola Bay, another\\n1693 Spaniard, Don Andres de Pes, visited the\\nsame harbour. As a memorial of his visit he\\nadded dc Galva, in honor of the viceroy of Mexico, to\\nthe name of the bay, which Tristan had named Santa\\nMaria, thus making it Santa Maria dc Galva. Three\\nyears later, Don Andres d Arriola, with three\\n1696 hundred soldiers and settlers, laid the foun-\\ndation of the future town of Pensacola near\\nQ. Give a history of the name of the fort.\\n102", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "the present site of Barrancas, where he erected a small\\nfort and named it San Carlos. Close by were built\\nseveral dwellings and a church. From this time on\\nthe name Pensacola for the settlement is found in\\nSpanish annals, but its origin is wrapped in obscurity.\\nThe most plausible theory is that it is a Choctaw word\\nmeaning hair-people who have been already men-\\ntioned.*\\nPerdido River the Boundary Line Between\\nTHE Spanish and the French. At first Spain laid\\nclaim to the whole circuit of the Gulf coast but not\\nlong before the settlement of Pensacola,\\n1680-86 France asserted her right to the possession of\\nthe entire Mississippi Valley in virtue of the\\nvoyages of La Salle (1680-1686), thus cutting out a\\nlarge slice of Spain s coast-line. A question now\\narose as to where was the boundary-line between Lou-\\nisiana, France s name for her new possession,\\n1699 and Florida. In 1699 Lemoine d Iberville\\narrived ofif Pensacola harbor, on his way to\\nsettle southern Louisiana. Seeing the masts of the\\nSpanish vessels, he did not enter, though he asked\\nQ. What class of people were active in the latter part of\\nthe seventeenth century? Tell about the pillaging of St.\\nAugustine. Who visited Pensacola Bay in 1693? What me-\\nmorial did he leave? Give an account of d Arriola s settle-\\nment. What is the origin of the- name Pensacola?\\nGatschei, Afis-ratioM Legend 0/ tht; Creeks, p. 114. Similarly Fairbanks,\\nHist, of Florida. Campbell, however. Hist. Sketches of Colonial Florida,\\npp. 26fT., derives Pensacola from the Spanish Peniscola, the name of a small\\ntown in Spain. This name, he thinks, had been given to the settlement of\\nTristan de Luna, and had lingered in the traditions of the natives to reap-\\npear with d .Arriola.\\n103", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "permission to do so, which was refused he then pro-\\nceeded on his way to Biloxi, now in Missis-\\n1702 sippi. From Biloxi he moved his settle-\\nment, in 1702, to Mobile, now a city of Ala-\\nbama. If he had arrived at Pensacola in advance of\\nd Arriola, Pensacola would have been a French pos-\\nsession for France would have claimed the territory\\nup to the Chattahoochee River but as it was,Perdido\\nRiver was chosen, in a most peaceful manner, as the\\nboundary-line between French Louisiana and Spanish\\nFlorida.\\nQ. What territory did Spain claim? How did France cut\\ninto Spain s possessions? By what right? What question\\nnow arose? Give an account of d Iberville s settlements.\\nWhat would his arrival before d Arriola have efifected?\\nWhat river became the boundary line between Louisiana and\\nFlorida?\\n104", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nENCROACHMENTS OF THE ENGLISH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SPANISH\\nINVASIONS OF SOUTH CAROLINA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 GOVERNOR\\nMOORE INVADES FLORIDA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WAR BETWEEN\\nPENSACOLA AND MOBILE.\\nEnglish Settlements in Virginia and the\\nCarolinas. We have already seen that, to the Span-\\niard, Florida meant an indefinite extent of country-\\nnorth and west of the present Florida, as well as the\\ncomparatively small peninsula. France had tres-\\npassed on Florida with her Canadian settlements, or\\nrather, attempts at settlements and when at the end\\nof the sixteenth century, Sir Walter Raleigh sent out\\nhis ill-fated colonies to Virginia, they also were on ter-\\nritory claimed by Spain. But her protests were un-\\nheeded, nor could she resort to force for with the loss\\nof the armada Spain lost her naval supremacy, and\\ncould no longer cope with the English or the French\\non the sea. The charter under which Jamestown was\\nsettled fixed the thirty-fourth degree of north latitude\\nas the southern limit of Virginia but the\\n1665 English settlements were too far away from\\nthe Spanish for any open act of hostility be-\\ntween them. In 1665 South Carolina received its\\nQ. What did Florida mean to the Spaniard? Where did\\nFrance trespass on Florida? Why were not the first attempts\\nof the English to settle Virginia frustrated by Spain? Where\\nwas the southern limit of Virginia? Why did not the Eng-\\nlish and Spanish settlements break out into open acts of hos-\\ntility? How did South Carolina hurt the Spanish?\\n105", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "charter, which fixed the southern hmit of this colony\\nbelow St. Augustine, thereby making a most serious\\nencroachment on Spanish rights and, furthermore,\\nCharleston furnished a convenient refuge for piratical\\nvessels at that time preying on Spanish commerce.\\nEnglish traders, too, began to compete with the Span-\\nish for the trade of the Indian tribes in Georgia and\\nAlabama.\\nSpanish Invasions of South Carolina. To set-\\ntle these grievances, the Spanish authorities deter-\\nmined to de-\\n1 676 stroy the\\nEnglish Set-\\ntlements in South\\nCarolina. According-\\nly, in 1676, on in-\\nformation from white\\nservants, who had fled\\nfrom the English, that the Carolina colony was discon-\\ntented and in a wretched condition, a Spanish army\\nadvanced to the island of St. Helena, but was forced to\\nretreat through the energetic resistance of the gov-\\nernor, Sir John Yeamans, and the timely arrival of\\nreinforcements under Colonel Godfrey. In\\n1686 1686 another Spanish force invaded South\\nCarolina, this time attacking Port Royal,\\nwhich had been founded five years previously, and\\nwas very weak and without protection. The town\\nwas taken and plundered, many of the citizens being\\nkilled or severely beaten. An incursion was made up\\nthe North Edisto River, where many plantations were\\ndestroyed and Governor Morton s brother captured.\\nHe was confined in a galley that had been driven on\\n106\\nSPANISH INVASION OF SOUTH CAROLINA.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "the beach, and, this catching fire, was allowed to burn\\nto death an act which aroused much indig-\\n1687 nation among the English colonies. During\\nthe next year Captain Don Juan de Aila went\\nto Spain for supplies and reinforcements but neither\\nside made any further move for several years. De\\nAila s visit to Spain is noteworthy because for his ser-\\nvices the king gave him the right to import negro\\nslaves into Florida to work the plantations, and from\\nthis it would appear that African slaves had not been\\npreviously used, although Menendez had been author-\\nized to bring five hundred with him for his colony.\\nOnly one negro came back with de Aila, but the occa-\\nsion was made one of rejoicing by the inhabitants of\\nSt. Augustine.\\nEnglish Invasion of Florida. Causes of ill-\\nfeeling between the colonies of the two nations still\\nremained but during the term of Governor Archdale\\nof South Carolina they had entered into friendly rela-\\ntions, which were, however, broken ofT on the election\\nof a new governor, by name Moore, who, it is said, had\\nnot been scrupulous in regard to the means employed\\nto secure the ollfice, and for that reason wished to dis-\\ntinguish himself in some notable enterprise.\\n1702 The defenses of St. Augustine were said to be\\nin bad condition many of the colonists had\\nQ. For what did English traders compete with the Span-\\nish? How did the Spaniards determine to settle matters?\\nGive an account of the first Spanish invasion. What town\\nwas attacked in the second invasion? How did the Span-\\niards treat the citizens? Tell about Governor Morton s\\nbrother. Where did Captain de Aila go in 1687? In what\\nwas his visit noteworthy? How many negroes had Menen-\\ndez been authorized to bring with him?\\n107", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "lost servants by flight to the Spaniards and the War\\nof Succession broke out in 1702 between France and\\nSpain, on one side, and England, on the other. All\\nthese considerations concurred in influencing the As-\\nsembly of South Carolina to vote ten thousand dollars\\nof our present money for an expedition to capture St.\\nAugustine. It was thought that five or six hundred\\nmen with as many friendly Creeks would be sufficient.\\nIn the meantime, however, the Spanish governor, re-\\nceiving information of the English preparations, had\\nput St. Augustine in a respectable state of defense, and\\nmade provision for a siege of several months.\\nFailure of Governor Moore to Take St.\\nAugustine. Colonel Daniel, who was in command\\nof the land force, reached St. Augustine, going part\\nof the way in boats, and, after driving the inhabitants\\ninto the fort, possessed himself of the town before\\nGovernor Moore s ships hove in sight. But after the\\narrival of the governor, the combined forces\\n1702 could do nothing, owing to the lack of mor-\\ntars and guns of large calibre. A vessel was\\nthen sent to Jamaica for the necessary artillery, but the\\ncommander put back into Charleston and, therefore,\\nafter waiting some time. Governor Moore despatched\\nColonel Daniel on the same errand. During the lat-\\nter s absence two vessels appeared ofif the harbor, and,\\nQ. Hdw many negroes did de Aila bring? What was the\\nrelation between the Spanish and English colonies? Give an\\naccount of Governor Moore. What influenced the Assembly\\nto vote money for the enterprise? How large a force was\\nthought sufficient to capture St. Augustine? What did the\\nSpanish do in the meantime? Give an account of the land\\nexpedition under Colonel Daniel.\\n108", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "mistaking them for large men-of-war, Moore hurriedly\\nabandoned his ships, stores, and ammunition to the\\nenemy, and set out overland for South Carolina, which\\nhe reached without the loss of a single man. When\\nColonel Daniel returned, not knowing of the flight of\\nthe governor, he came near falling into the hands of\\nthe Spaniards. It seems to be proved that Governor\\nMoore burned the town of St. Augustine before re-\\ntreating, as a report of this afifair before the English\\nHouse of Commons speaks of such a burning. Moore s\\nexpedition cost the colony of South Carolina about six\\nthousand pounds.\\nGovernor Cuntga Asks Aid from Spain. After\\na siege of three months the inhabitants of St. Augus-\\ntine returned to their homes, only to find them de-\\nstroyed. Assistance had to be secured from Spain to\\naid in rebuilding the town besides this Governor\\nCuniga represented to his government the need of\\nstrengthening the colony against the English, and of\\nestablishing garrisons among the Apalache Indians\\nand in other parts of Florida.\\nApalaciies Defeated p y the Creeks. Towards\\nthe end of 1702 nine hundred Apalache warriors, in-\\ncited by the Spaniards, planned an inroad on the Eng-\\nlish but on the way they were drawn into an ambus-\\ncade by five hundred Creeks, who had been assem-\\nQ. What was done on Moore s arrival? Why? Who was\\nsent to Jamaica for artillery? Why did Governor Moore\\nflee? What did he leave for the enemy? What came near\\nhappening to Colonel Daniel? What did Moore burn? How\\nmuch did the expedition cost? What aid did the Spaniards\\nreceive from Spain? Give an account of the nine hundred\\nApalaches.\\n109", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "bled to repel them. The wily Creeks hung up their\\nblankets, as if they were quietly resting in\\n1702 camp, although in reality concealed in the\\nbushes nearby. As the Apalaches came on,\\nthinking to take the enemy unawares, the Creeks in\\nambush rose at the proper moment and routed them\\nwith great loss.\\nRuin of Apalache. Scattered through the region\\nof Apalache between the Suwannee and Apalachicola\\nRivers were several Spanish stockades in connection\\nwith chapels, which had been erected for the mission-\\naries, who found the natives most willing to adopt\\nChristianity but at this time the whole Span-\\n1703 ish force in this district scarcely amounted\\nor to fifty. Consequently, not much resistance\\n1704 was offered to the invasion of Governor\\nMoore in either 1703 or 1704. Entering the\\ncountry by way of the Flint River, with about fifty\\nwhite men and one thousand Creek Indians, he cap-\\ntured a town on the first day, and on the second met\\nand defeated a small Spanish and Indian force under\\nDon Juan Mexia, who was slain in the battle. No\\nfurther resistance was offered. Governor Moore vis-\\nited all the other towns, destroying and plundering,\\ncarrying off even the sacred vessels and garments of\\nthe churches, and dragging numbers of the natives\\ninto slavery on pretense of retaliating for the slaves\\nwho had run away from South Carolina.\\nQ. What were scattered through Apalache? How were\\nthe natives inclined towards Christianity? What was the size\\nof the Spanish force in Apalache? How large was Governor\\nMoore s army? Give an account of his expedition.\\nno", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "The missions were ruined. It is sad to think that\\nthus in the name of rehgion for Governor Moore\\nclaimed to be zealous for the Christian faith the\\nlight, however faint, should have been taken\\n1708 away from these poor, ignorant savages. The\\nrepetition of the raid in 1708 completed the\\n1705 destruction which the incursion of the Ali-\\nbamus in 1705 had helped on. Governor\\nMoore received from the English much praise for the\\nsuccess of this expedition into the enemy s territory.\\nCombined French and Spanish Invasion of\\nSouth Carolina. In 1706 a French frigate and four\\nsloops touched at St. Augustine, and took\\n1706 on board part of the garrison, for the purpose\\nof invading South Carolina. But, fortun-\\nately, the ships became separated and entered the\\nEnglish colony at different points. A bold demand to\\nsurrender was sent to the governor, whose name was\\nJohnson, to which he replied: T hold the country for\\nihe queen of England. My men will shed the last\\ndrop of their blood to defend it from the invader. The\\nCarolina troops commanded by Colonel William Rhett\\nthen assailed the enemy s scattered forces, and though\\niiiimerically inferior, succeeded in capturing the frigate\\nand in driving off the other vessels. No further inva-\\nsion of South Carolina was made by the Spaniards.\\nFamine at St. Augustine. St. Augustine had been\\nsettled nearly one hundred and fifty years, and yet in\\nQ. How were the missions affected? How was the ruin\\ncompleted? What did the English think of Moore s expe-\\ndition? What ships touched at St. Augustine in 1706? For\\nwhat purpose? Give Governor Johnson s reply to the de-\\nmand for surrender. Give the English success.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "1/12 the inhabitants were reduced to such a state of\\nhunger that horses, cats, and dogs were eaten\\n1712 to sustain Hfe. It is strange that this should\\nhave happened when fish, oysters, and tur-\\ntles were plentiful, and the country around the town\\nfertile.\\nArrival of Yemassees. Up to 1714 the Yemassee\\nIndians of Carolina had been friendly to the Eng-\\nlish colonists, and had on more than one oc-\\n1714 casion acted as their allies; but suddenly in\\nthe year just mentioned they made a powerful\\nattack on their former friends. The English, however,\\nrallied and drove them from the province into the\\nSpanish territory and it is said that at St. Augustine\\nthey were received with salvos of guns and ringing of\\nbells. This fact, combined with the removal of their\\nfamilies to Florida previous to the attack, renders it\\nprobable that the Yemassees had been incited in their\\nuprising by Spaniards. Thirteen years later\\n1727 Colonel Palmer raided over the Florida bor-\\nder, and around St. Augustine found the\\nYemassees, most of whom he slew, at the same time\\nlaying waste their fields and villages. The survivors\\nwere incorporated into the Seminoles, and a few Ye-\\nmassees were carried west at the end of the Seminole\\nWar (1835- 1 842).\\nMrs. Barrows. The fugitive Indians kept up a\\nharassing warfare over the border into South Caro-\\nQ. To what state were the inhabitants of St. Augustine\\nreduced in 1712? Why is this strange? Tell about the Ye-\\nmassee uprising. Where were they driven? How were they\\nreceived at St. Augustine? Give reasons why it appears that\\nthey were incited by the Spaniards.\\n112", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "lina, committing many barbarous outrages on the\\nfrontier families. On one occasion a party of savages\\nseized a certain Mrs. Barrows and one of her children,\\nwho were hurried away but the child beginning to\\ncry, it was immediately killed before its mother s eyes,\\nand she was told to cease grieving or she would svififer\\nthe same fate. At St. Augustine she was cast into\\nl)rison, though one Indian chief begged that she should\\nnot be treated in this way. Her husband endeavored\\nto secure her release, but was himself cast into prison,\\nand there he soon died. After a long period of con-\\nfinement and of harsh treatment Mrs. Barrows was\\nallowed to return to South Carolina, where the story\\nof her barbarous treatment excited much sympathy.\\nSt. Marks and St. Joseph. In 1718, during the\\nmonth of March, Don Jose Primo de Ribera, at the\\nrequest of the chief of the Apalaches, erected\\n1 718 a fort in the Apalache territory, which he\\nMar. named San Marcos de Apalache, the present\\nSt. Marks. During the same year a small\\nFrench fort was erected on St. Joseph s Bay and\\nnamed Crevecoeur (Heart-break), but was abandoned\\non remonstrance from the Spanish governor at Pensa-\\ncola. A Spanish fort was erected on the same spot\\nand soon given up as useless.\\nFriendly Relations Between Pensacola and\\nMobile. At first Governor Ravolli of Pensacola en-\\nQ. Give an account of Colonel Palmer s raid. What be-\\ncame of the surviving Yemassees? What warfare did the\\nfugitive Yemassees keep up? Relate the story of Mrs. Bar-\\nrows and her sufferings. Tell about the settlement of St.\\nMarks. Give an account of the forts erected on St. Joseph s\\nBay.\\n9 113", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "deavored to drive the French away from Ship Island\\nfor a period of nineteen years after this the\\n1700 Spanish and French were on the friendUest\\n1719 of terms on one occasion the starving gar-\\nrison of San Carlos was relieved by provis-\\nions from Mobile, a favor which the Spaniards had the\\nopportunity to return. In 1706-7 Bienville\\n1706-7 aided Pensacola against a threatened attack\\nof English and Indians, which, happily, did\\n1 713 not come. From a letter written in 1713 we\\nlearn that a petty trade had sprung up be-\\ntween the two towns, Mobile furnishing Pensacola\\nwith lumber, poultry, and vegetables.\\nCapture of Pensacola by the French. But\\nsuddenly on the 14th of May, 1719, three French ves-\\nsels appeared before San Carlos, and in its\\n1719 rear a force of French and Indians. What\\nMay could Governor Don Juan Pedro Metamoras\\n14 do but surrender? Private property of the\\nsoldiers or of the citizens of the town was not\\nto be molested; the garrison were to march out with\\nhonors of war, retaining one cannon and three charges\\nof powder, and be transported to Havana in French\\nvessels.\\nNews travelled slow in those days, and thus it was\\nthat Governor Metamoras did not know of the decla-\\nration of war against Spain made by France\\n1 71 8 in December, T718, which was announced\\nseveral months before the colonies of the\\nQ. What state of feeling existed beteen Pensacola and\\nMobile? Give some instances in which this friendly feeling\\nwas shown. What trade sprang up between them? How\\nwas this intercourse broken in May, 1719? What were the\\nterms x)f the surrender?\\n114", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "two countries in America received news of it. As\\nsoon as Bienville received information of the war be-\\ntween the Spaniards and French in Europe, he\\nplanned a sudden descent on Pensacola, and suc-\\nceeded in the manner related.\\nRecapture of Pensacola. As soon as the French\\nvessels arrived at Havana with the prisoners, they\\nwere treacherously seized and their crews\\n1719 imprisoned by order of the governor of the\\ncity and, at the suggestion of Metamoras,\\nan expedition was immediately prepared to retake\\nPensacola, part of the soldiers going in the captured\\nFrench vessels. When Metamoras arrived as com-\\nmander of the Spanish forces before the harbor of Pen-\\nsacola, he sent in the French ships in advance of his\\nfleet, in order that they might secure favorable posi-\\ntions in front of San Carlos before the trick should be\\ndiscovered. As they hove to with broadsides to the\\nfort, the Spanish flag was displayed at the masthead,\\nand a summons was sent to the French commander to\\nsurrender. Chateaugne peremptorily refused. A\\nharmless cannonade followed, after which he obtained\\na truce of two days from the Spaniards, and de-\\nspatched a messenger to his brother Bienville at Mo-\\nbile for reinforcements but they never came. After\\nthe expiration of the truce another cannonade took\\nplace, and this resulted in the surrender of the French\\ngarrison, who were to march out with honors of war\\nand be transported to Havana, there to await an ex-\\nQ. Why had Bienville made the attack? What happened\\nto the French at Havana? What was undertaken at once by\\nthe Spaniards? Tell about the trick played by Metamoras at\\nPensacola Bay. How did Chateaugne receive the summons\\nto surrender? Give an account of the bombardment.\\nII T", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "change of prisoners. But they were not to remain in\\nprison long.\\nThird Capture of Pensacola. Metamoras at\\nonce set about strengthening his defenses. On Point\\nSeguenza, the western end of Santa Rosa Island, a\\nbattery was erected, and named Principe d Asturias\\nbehind San Carlos a stockade was reared, to guard\\nagainst a land attack. Some six hundred men manned\\nthe various works.\\nMEDIA LUNA OF SAN CARLOS. Turloft, Pensacola.\\nThe Spaniard s expectation was not disappointed\\nSeptember i8th brought Bienville and a\\n1719 French fleet under Champmeslin, who had\\nSept. accidently arrived at Dauphin Island in a\\n18 very opportune time. Six ships composed\\nthe naval force, but only five were able to pass over\\nthe bar at the mouth of the bay, the sixth, the Hercules,\\nof sixty-four guns, drawing too much water. Two\\nhundred and fifty men lately from France, a large\\nQ. What were the terms of surrender? Give the works\\nerected by Metamoras as defenses. How was Bienville aided\\nin his attack on Pensacola? Which vessel could not enter?\\nGive the land force.\\n116", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "number of Canadian volunteers, and five hundred In-\\ndians attacked the fort in the rear. At first the five\\nvessels that entered engaged Principe d Asturias, the\\nSpanish fleet, and San Carlos, and were getting the\\nworst of the fight, when a Canadian pilot on the Her-\\ncules inspired her commander with the belief that he\\ncould carry her over the bar. Soon the good ship s\\nbroadsides battered Principe d Asturias to silence,\\nwhile her consorts, relieved in this direction, com-\\npelled the surrender of the enemy s fleet, which had\\nrun short of powder. In the meantime, the land force\\nhad been held in check by the stockade, but now San\\nCarlos being left alone, and the yells of the savages\\nbringing visions of scalping to the minds of the Span-\\niards, the garrison surrendered at discretion. Enough\\nwere sent to Havana to exchange for the prisoners\\nthere, the remainder to France as prisoners of war.\\nPensacola was destroyed San Carlos was blown up,\\nexcept its magazine a half a mile away and on the\\nruins of the fort a tablet was set bearing this inscrip-\\ntion In the year 1719, upon the i8th day of Sep-\\ntember, Monsieur Desnade de Champmeslin,\\ncommander of the squadron of his most Christian ma-\\njesty, took this place by force of arms, as well as\\nalso the island of Santa Rosa, by order of the king of\\nFrance.\\nSix months later peace was established between\\nFrance and Spain; and in January, 1723,\\n1723 Bienville gave back to vSpain the site and\\nJan. surroundings of Pensacola, having received\\norders to that effect from his government.\\nQ. Tell about the battle of the five French ships. Of the\\nHercules. What brought about the surrender of the garrison?\\nWhat was done with the Spaniards? How were the town\\nand fort treated? Give the inscription on the tablet erected.\\n117", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nGENERAL OGLETHORPE ATTACKS ST. AUGUS-\\nTINE\u00e2\u0080\u0094INVASION OF GEORGIA BY GOVERNOR\\nMONTEANO.\\nTrout!les Between South Carolina and Flor-\\nida. Inroads of the Yemassees into South CaroHna\\ncontinued, if anything, worse than ever and a small\\nfort, Fort King George, was built on the Altamaha\\nto guard against their attacks. This was considered\\nby the Spaniards a gross encroachment on their terri-\\ntory. Consequently they addressed the British crown,\\nand a conference of the governors of the two colonies\\nwas arranged, at which the grievances of both parties\\nwere to be settled for the Spanish complained of the\\nharboring of their runaway slaves at St.\\n1725 Augustine. A conference was held at\\nCharleston in 1725; but the British governor\\nrefused to abandon Fort King George, nor would the\\nSpaniard give up the fugitive servants, as\\n1727 his master cared too much for their souls,\\nalthough he was willing to pay for them.\\nAfter this matters went on worse than ever, and two\\nyears later Colonel Palmer, with three hundred men\\nand a band of Indians made a descent on the Spanish\\ncolony, pillaging and destroying up to the very gates\\nof St. Augustine. For a few years after this inroad\\nthere was comparative quiet.\\nQ. Why was Fort King George built? How did the\\nSpaniards regard it? What conference was arranged? Give\\nthe British complaint. How did the conference end?\\n118", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Founding of Georgia. In 1732 George II granted\\nto James Oglethorpe and others the territory\\n1732 west of the Savannah River, lying between\\nthe thirty-first and thirty-fifth parallels of\\n1733 north latitude and extending across the coun-\\ntry to the South Sea {Pacific Ocean). On the\\nfollowing years a set-\\ntlement was made at\\nSavannah as the be-\\nginning of the colony\\nof Georgia, which had\\nfor one of its objects\\nthe protec-\\n1735-8 tion of South\\nC a r o 1 i n a\\nfrom Spanish interfer-\\nence. Treaties with\\nthe Indians gave\\nOglethorpe control of\\nthe country as far as\\nthe mouth of the St.\\nJohns. A colony of cen. james oglethorpe.\\nScotch Highlanders was planted at Darien\\n^735-8 in 1735, and in 1738 a company of emigrants\\nsettled Frederica on St. Simon s Island. Also\\n1739 on Amelia Island a lookout and a little set-\\nNov. tlement of forty persons was established, but\\non the 1 6th of November, 1739, a party of\\nSpaniards killed two of the settlers and mutilated their\\nbodies. This was the first blood spilt in the coming\\ncontest between the colonies of the two nations.\\nQ. Tell about Colonel Palmer. What effect did his in-\\nvasion have? Describe the territory of Georgia.\\n119", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "Cumberland Island, too, contained a fortress built\\nunder the direction of General Oglethorpe.\\nWar Between England and Spain. When in\\n1736 a Spanish commissioner demanded that the Eng-\\nj^lish should evacuate the country south of the\\n1736 Savannah, and it became more and more evi-\\ndent that a war with Spain was imminent,\\nOglethorpe hastened to England, where he obtained\\nconsiderable pecuniary aid, raised a company of six\\nhundred men, and received the rank of general, with\\ncommand of the militia of Georgia and South Caro-\\nlina. In this latter colony five hundred men were\\nraised and put in charge of Colonel Vanderdussen.\\nA large number of warriors were also sent to the aid\\nof the English by the Cherokees and Creeks, who had\\nbeen won by the bold conduct of General Oglethorpe\\nhe had penetrated to the interior of their country, and\\nhad entered into an alliance with them at their grand\\ncouncil in Coweta. In addition, a company of High-\\nlanders under Captain Mcintosh formed part of the\\nEnglish land force. The Flamborough, the Squirrel,\\nthe Phoenix, and the Tartar, each of twenty guns, and\\ntwo sloops of war, were to attack St. Augustine from\\nthe sea.\\nAlthough St. Augustine was imperfectly protected\\nand poorly garrisoned and provisioned, so that a sud-\\nQ. What was one of the objects of the settlement of Geor-\\ngia? How far south did treaties with the Indians give Ogle-\\nthorpe control? Give an account of the settlements at Da-\\nrien, Frederica, and on Amelia Island. On Cumberland\\nIsland. Why did Oglethorpe go to England? With what\\nsuccess? What troops were raised in South Carolina? What\\nIndians sent warriors? How had Oglethorpe won over the\\nCreeks?\\n120", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "den attack might have surprised it, yet because of the\\nprehminary skirmishes of the Enghsh, Governor\\nMonteano received timely warning, and was able to\\ncomplete the defenses of Fort San Marco\\n1739 for in December, 1739, General Oglethorpe\\nDec. had ravaged the Spanish territory up to the\\ngates of St. Augustine, and had attempted\\nto capture Fort Piccolata and St. Francis de Poppa.\\nThe former of these forts, situated west from St. Au-\\ngustine on the right bank of the St. Johns and oppo-\\nsite to Fort Poppa, was, in fact, taken not long after-\\nwards in the month of January. About twenty miles\\nnorth of the town was Fort Diego, on the property of\\nDon Diego de Spinosa, and only two miles away stood\\nFort Moosa, better known as the negro fort, as it was\\nerected for the protection of runaway slaves. It was\\na square structure, banked around with earth, and was\\nsituated in the middle of a plantation to guard against\\nsurprise from the Indians. A fortified line ran from\\nFort Moosa to the stockades on the San Sebastian\\nRiver. Governor Monteano strengthened his de-\\nfenses, especially around St. Augustine, in-\\n1740 creased his garrison, and sent to Cuba, to\\n]\\\\Iar. Pensacola, and to Mexico for aid. At this\\ntime, March, 1740, the population of St. Au-\\ngustine, of all classes, was two thousand one hundred\\nand forty-three.\\nQ. What additional land force was there? What consti-\\ntuted the naval force? What was the condition of St. Au-\\ngustine? How had Oglethorpe given Monteano warning?\\nWhere were Forts Piccolata and Poppa? Give an account\\nof Forts Diego and Moosa. What fortified line? What did\\nMonteano do? Give the population of St. Augustine in 1740.\\nWhen was war declared between England and Spain?\\n121", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "War was declared between England and Spain\\nin October, 1739, but it was not until\\n1739 April, 1740, that General Oglethorpe was\\nready to march against the Spanish town, and\\nI7/10 until the latter part of May were all the\\nforces at the rendezvous at the mouth of the\\nSt. Johns.\\nThe Siege Begun. While waiting, the general\\nbusied himself by taking Fort Diego, whose garrison\\nretired to St. Augustine, and by reoccupying Fort\\nPiccolata, thus cutting ofT the enemy s sup-\\nJune I plies from the interior. On the first day of\\nJune he advanced to Fort Moosa, which was\\nfound deserted, and having torn away part of the walls\\nhe returned to Fort Diego. But before doing so he\\ndespatched Lieutenant Bryant on a reconnoitering\\ntour around St. Augustine. This officer reported on\\nhis return that the inhabitants had been thrown into\\ngreat confusion by his approach, screeching and cry-\\ning and he recommended an immediate attack but\\nthis Oglethorpe did not think advisable.\\nJune 6 Five days later Colonel Vanderdussen ar-\\nrived marching along the shore to Point Car-\\ntel, and about the same time the fleet also put in an\\nappearance. Three batteries were erected one, of\\nfive guns, on the northern end of Anastasia Island\\nanother, of two guns, on the edge of a piece of high,\\nwooded ground on the same island a third, of seven\\nguns, on the north beach, at North River Point, called\\nQ. When was Oglethorpe ready for operations? While\\nwaiting, how did he busy himself? Tell of Fort Moosa.\\nGive an account of Lieutenant Bryant s reconnoitering.\\nWhen did Colonel Vanderdussen and the ships arrive? De-\\nscribe the batteries erected.\\n122", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "According to the usual\\nSan Mateo. The ships were to block the mouth of the\\nharbor, while Colonel Palmer was stationed at Fort\\nMoosa, so that provisions from the interior\\nJune 20 might not reach the town. Siege of St. Au-\\n24 gustine formally began on the 20th. On the\\n24th the batteries opened fire on the fort and\\ntown.\\nAffair at Fort Moosa.\\nstatement, when\\n1740 Colonel Palmer\\nwas stationed at\\nFort Moosa, General\\nOglethorpe gave him or-\\nders not to remain long\\nin one place, but to use\\nthe fort as headquarters\\nand the Colonel did not\\nobey, thus bringing on\\nthe disaster now to be re-\\nlated. With Colonel Pal-\\nmer was Captain Mcin-\\ntosh and his Highlanders,\\nwho because of a misun-\\nderstanding became in-\\nsubordinate, and\\nJune 25 refused to obey\\nColonel P a 1\\nmer s orders. On the\\nnight of the 25th, three hundred Spaniards attacked\\nFort Moosa. It is hard to call the attack a surprise\\nfor early in the night a sentinel informed Colonel Pal-\\nmer that he could hear the Indian war-dance, upon\\nQ. How were the town s provisions to be cut off? When\\ndid the siege open? When did the firing begin?\\n123\\nOGLETHORPE S CAMPAIGN, 174O.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "which the colonel said an attack must be expected, and\\nwent into the fort to rouse the garrison but the sol-\\ndiers, not regarding him, lay down to sleep again.\\nAbout three in the morning a sentinel reported the ad-\\nvance of a body of men. Colonel Palmer gave orders\\nthat his men should stand by their arms, and receive\\nthe enemy s first fire that then half of them should\\ndischarge their guns, fall back, and let the other half\\nfire and then they would kill the enemy like dogs.\\nBut some Highlanders began to fire at once. Colonel\\nPalmer formed his rangers in the ditch, while one\\nJones ran within to rally the garrison but Jones could\\nnot find Captain Mcintosh, and Captain McKay, half\\nundressed, could do nothing. The Spaniards, coming\\non in several parties, attempted to force the gate, but\\na well-directed fire kept thm back. Finally, however,\\nsword in hand, they beat back the defenders, who, as\\nsoon as they saw the battle lost, endeavored each one\\nto save himself. Captain Mcintosh was taken pris-\\noner Colonel Palmer was slain it appears by a bullet\\ncoming from the interior of the fort fifty others were\\nkilled, and twenty captured. The loss of the Span-\\niards was about the same as the slain among the Eng-\\nlish. Whatever may have been the reason\\n1740 for the disaster, certain it is that it had a\\nmost cheering effect on the Spaniards, who\\nwere encouraged to defend the castle of San Marcos\\nto the last extremity.\\nQ. Give the usual reason assigned for the disaster at Fort\\nMoosa. What part of the force refused to obey? Why was\\nthe attack not exactly a surprise? Give Colonel Palmer s\\norder when the enemy attacked. How was he obeyed?\\nWhat was done by Palmer and Jones? Where did the Span-\\niards try to force their way in? Give an account of the cap-\\nture. Give the loss on both sides.\\n124", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "Prosecution of the Siege. Just after the siege\\nbegan General Oglethorpe sent in a sunnnons to sur-\\nrender. The governor replied that by the holy cross\\nhe would defend the castle to the last drop of his\\nblood, and hoped soon to kiss his excellency s hand\\nwithin its walls It is said that the majority of the\\npeople of St. Augustine were in favor of surrendering\\non condition of being carried to Havana, but that Gov-\\nernor Monteano had heard in some way that the com-\\nmander of the English fleet had told Gen-\\nJuly 5 eral Oglethorpe that it was not safe to re-\\nmain on the coast later than the fifth day of\\nJuly and so he held out. For twenty days the batter-\\nies played on the town without doing any damage.\\nThis was due to the short range and bad handling of\\nthe guns, but especially to the material of which the\\nwalls of the fort were built, a soft stone called coquina,\\nwhich allowed the balls to embed themselves, but did\\nnot itself crumble. One hundred and fifty years have\\npassed since Oglethorpe s cannon awoke the echoes in\\nthe harbor of St. Augustine, but the marks of the shot\\nare still to be seen on the walls of Fort Marion. A\\nnight assault was planned, but was never carried out.\\nThe Chickasaw Indians deserted, as General Ogle-\\nthorpe, ignorant of savage warfare, had called them\\nbarbarous dogs, when they brought him as a trophy\\nthe head of a Spanish Indian.\\nProvisions Reach St. Augustine. Governor\\nQ. What effect did the affair have on the Spaniards?\\nWhat was Monteano s reply to the summons to surrender?\\nHow did the people feel? Why did the governor hold out?\\nWhy did the batteries do no damage? What are still to be\\nseen on the walls? What caused the desertion of the\\nChickasaw Indians?\\n125", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "Monteano wrote to the governor of Cuba, Provisions\\nor I starve and the English commander\\n1740 knew of the distress of the town. He bent his\\nenergy on keeping the Spaniards from re-\\nceiving suppHes from abroad, but he did not know\\nthat sixty miles down the coast at Mosquito Inlet was\\na harbor where boats could carry provisions by tide-\\nwater communication to within a few miles of Ma-\\ntanzas River, up which they could be -conveyed to St.\\nAugustine. Some half-galleys in the harbor, mounted\\nwith guns, annoyed the general much by\\nthreatening a night attack moscjuitoes and\\nflies were troublesome sickness broke out and the\\nbatteries proved ineflficient but still he kept hoping to\\nstarve out the garrison of the fort until July 7 then he\\nlearned that vessels had been seen at Mosquito Inlet,\\nand on the same day the commander of the fleet in-\\nformed him that it was necessary to stand olT\\nJuly 13 the shore, since the east winds had begun to\\nblow. Six days later scouts on Anastasia\\nIsland sighted launches coming up the Matanzas\\nRiver, and a party of English attempted to cut them\\nofif, but was repulsed. St. Augustine received provis-\\nions, and the siege became useless.\\nRetreat of the English. Accordingly, a council\\nof the English officers decided that it would\\n-r 1 be best to withdraw. On the 17th the guns\\nJuly 17\\nfrom the batteries were put on board the\\nQ. Give Monteano s message to the governor of Cuba.\\nWhat point did Oglethorpe leave unguarded? How could\\nprovisions be brought to St. Augustine in this way? Mention\\nthe annoyances the English were subject to. What news did\\nthe general receive on July 7? What did the commander of\\nthe fleet tell him? Tell of the launches.\\n126", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "ships, with the exception of four which were buried\\nin the sand. A small amount of stores was destroyed\\namong them was some liquor that the sol-\\nJuly 19 diers drank freely of, disliking to see it\\nJuly 20 wasted. Two days later the ships stood out\\nto sea, and on the 20th the besieging army\\nmarched by the walls of San Marcos, with drums beat-\\ning and banners flying; but the Spaniards could not\\nbe induced to come out. On the first night General\\nOglethorpe encamped at a distance of three miles, and\\nfrom there he marched to the mouth of the St. Johns,\\nwhence he sailed in a few days for Frederica.\\nMuch ill-feeling arose between South Carolina and\\nGeorgia in consecjuence of the failure of this expedi-\\ntion, each endeavoring to cast the blame on the other.\\nThe fact is that the season was a most unfavorable one\\nthe force was not adequate for the task imposed upon\\nit the siege artillery was in no way capable of making\\na breach in the walls of the castle, and delay had pre-\\nvented its capture by surprise.\\nExpedition from St. Augustine to Attack\\nGeorgia. From deserters Governor Monteano heard\\nthat General Oglethorpe was preparing to return in\\nthe spring. Accordingly, he set about strengthening\\nhis position at home, and sent urgent messages to his\\nsuperior in Cuba to give him reinforcements, which\\nat last arrived in the shape of eight companies of\\ninfantry. In the meantime, a great fire broke out in\\nCharleston nearly destroying the entire town, and be-\\nsides this the colony was suffering from the heavy\\nQ. What did the English decide? What was destroyed?\\nHow did the army march away? How was the failure re-\\nceived at home? What caused his failure? Why did Mon-\\nteano strengthen his position?\\n127", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "debt incurred in the campaign of 1740 against St.\\nAugustine. Affairs in Georgia were also in a bad state.\\nThese circumstances\\ncombined made an ex-\\ncellent opportunity for\\nMonteano to assail his\\nEnglish neighbors, al-\\nthough their Indian\\nallies kept him con-\\nstantly cooped up in\\nhis town. An expedi-\\ntion was planned for\\nthe spring of 1742, and\\nearly in that year\\ntroops arrived from\\nCuba but a serious de-\\nMONTEANO S CAMPAIGN, 1742.\\ndelay was occasioned by the reluctance of citizens to\\nform a part of the army of invasion. Finally, how-\\never, about one thousand men from the garrison and\\nthe town were added to the Cuban force, making in\\nall over five thousand soldiers, who were conveyed in\\nfifty-one boats, large and small. But they were not to\\nfind General Oglethorpe unprepared. As soon as he\\nhad been informed of the intended invasion,\\n1742 Oglethorpe had strengthened the fortifica-\\ntions on St. Simon s Island and at the mouth\\nof the sound of that name.\\nBloody Marsh. On the 5th of July the Spanish\\nfleet appeared off St. Simon s Sound, and forming in\\nQ. What reinforcements arrived? Give the state of afifairs\\nin Georgia and South Carolina. What opportunity was now\\noffered Monteano? When was the attack to take place?\\nWhat caused a delay at St. Augustine? Give the size of the\\nSpanish force. What had General Oglethorpe done?\\n128", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "line of battle, ran in. Here they met a warm\\nT reception from the batteries on St. Simon s\\nI Lily i\\nIsland and from guns placed by General\\nOglethorpe on two vessels but after an engagement\\nlasting four hours the fleet passed these obstructions,\\nand proceeded up the sound. The English com-\\nmander then destroyed his batteries and hurried to-\\nwards Frederica to defend it from the enemy, who\\nsoon landed some four thousand men and advanced\\nin that direction. Within a few miles of the town\\nOglethorpe met them with his rangers, and, as he says\\nin a letter, completely routed them after which he\\nposted his men under cover of a wood commanding a\\nmeadow through which the enemy had to pass, and\\nthen returned to Frederica for reinforcements Hear-\\ning the noise of firing, he hurriedly rode back and met\\na platoon of men retreating in disorder but riding\\nfurther, he found that Lieutenants McKay and Suther-\\nland had defeated a party of the enemy with great loss.\\nThe Spanish commander. Captain Don Antonio Barba,\\nwas taken prisoner, mortally wounded, and two hun-\\ndred others were slain. From this brilliant episode\\nthe spot afterwards received the name of Bloody Marsh.\\nRetreat of the Spanish. General Oglethorpe\\nnow marched to the vicinity of the Spanish army, in-\\ntending to make a night attack; but his plan was frus-\\ntrated by the desertion of a Frenchman, who had ac-\\ncompanied the volunteers. With wonderful fore-\\nQ. Give the operations of the Spanish fleet on July 5.\\nWhat resistance did they meet? Give their hirther move-\\nments and those of Oglethorpe. Tell of the rout near Fred-\\nerica. Give an account of Bloody Marsh. What did Ogle-\\nthorpe now plan? How was his plan frustrated?\\n10 129^", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "thought the Georgia governor turned the incident to\\ngood account by the following trick: Selecting one\\nof the Spanish prisoners, he offered him his\\nliberty and a sum of money, if he would\\ncarry a letter to the Spanish camp to the Frenchman,\\nwhich letter was written in P ench and purported to\\ncome from a friend. The letter directed him to tell\\nMonteano of the weakness of the English, and to\\npromise to act as a guide, by which means he would\\nbe able to lead the enemy under the woods where were\\nhidden batteries. Failing in this, he should endeavor\\nto hold the Spaniard for three days, since reinforce-\\nments were coming from South Carolina within that\\ntime. With the letter concealed on his person, the\\nprisoner set out for the Spanish camp, where he was\\ncarried before Monteano, who inquired of him whether\\nhe had any letter, and on his denial had him searched,\\nand found the paper, the very thing Oglethorpe had\\nintended. The letter worked the desired effect; the\\nFrenchman denied any knowledge of the writer, but\\nnotwithstanding he was looked on with suspicion.\\nMonteano was much perplexed and, fortunately for\\nOglethorpe, three vessels from Charleston appeared\\nin the offing, which fact lent to the statement in the\\nletter concerning reinforcements a coloring of truth.\\nHe determined to withdraw before it should be too\\nlate. Accordingly, leaving much military stores be-\\nhind him in his haste, he reembarked his troops, and\\nsailed off for St. Augustine, attacking on his way Fort\\nQ. Give an account of Oglethorpe s trick. What did the\\nletter contain? Give an account of the prisoner in the Span-\\nish camp. What effect did the letter have? How was Ogle-\\nthorpe aided by fortune at this time? What showed Mon-\\nteano s haste?\\n130", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "William on Cumberland Island, but without success.\\nThus did General Oglethorpe through his address and\\nskill with less than seven hundred men baffle eight\\ntimes as many Spaniards.\\nRaid of General Oglethorpe in 1743. To have\\nthe last word in the dispute, as it were. General Ogle-\\nthorpe in March, 1743, made a raid up to the\\n1743 gates of St. Augustine with a body of friendly\\nMarch Creeks. Forming an ambush, he rode with a\\nfew men close to the walls of the fort, in order\\nto draw the garrison out in pursuit but the Spaniards\\nwere meek as mice and would not stir outside of\\ntheir defenses. Having accomplished the object of\\nhis expedition, Oglethorpe then returned, going the\\nwhole distance of ninety-six miles in four days.\\nNo more direct hostilities occurred between the\\nSpaniards and their Engljsh neighbors, although the\\nformer continued to harbor runaway slaves, and to in-\\ncite the Indians to commit depredations on Georgia\\nsettlers.\\nQ. What fort did he attack on his return? How did Gen-\\neral Oglethorpe have the last word? Give an account of\\nOglethorpe before the walls of the fort. Wiiat hostilities\\noccurred afterwards?\\n131", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nCONDITION OF FLORIDA IN 1763\u00e2\u0080\u0094 TRANSFER OF\\nFLORIDA TO GREAT BRITAIN\u00e2\u0080\u0094 EAST AND WEST\\nFLORIDA.\\nPensacola on Santa Rosa Island. A short time\\nafter Bienville had given up the site of Pensacola in\\n1723, Metanioras returned bringing back the\\n1723 inhabitants; but the cautious old governor\\ndid not build again on the same spot. A\\nFrom Roberts Florida.\\nPENSACOLA ON SANTA ROSA ISLAND, I743.\\nnew town was erected on the island of Santa Rosa,\\nwhere there would be comparative safety from\\nan attack by land. The position chosen, for\\nthe insular Pensacola was somewhere near the\\n132\\n1743", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "site of the present life-saving station. With the\\nexception of a sketch drawn in 1743 by a\\npassing merchant, Don Serres, nothing is\\nknown of the settlement until 1754, when a violent\\nhurricane destroyed the town, killing a portion of its\\ninhabitants.\\nRemoval to the Mainland: Condition in 1763.\\nThe survivors moved to the northern shore of the bay,\\nand began the present town of Pensacola on a crescent-\\nshaped piece of land formed by the harbor\\n1763 and a swamp. When the English nine years\\n^._ -1 later, in 1763, received Florida in exchange\\nfor Cuba, Captain Wills was sent to occupy Pensacola.\\n.In his report he has left a description of the town as it\\nth Cn was.\\nPensacola was a wretched little hamlet of forty huts,\\nthatched with palmetto leaves, and barracks for a\\nsmall garrison, the whole surrounded by a\\n1763 stockade of pine posts The woods around\\nthe town had been scarcely cleared away\\nfrom the stockade, although there were a few miser-\\nable gardens. Cattle were obtained from Mobile,\\nwhich produced enough for export. Captain Wills\\nspeaks of five nations of Indians dwelling in easy\\nreach of Pensacola.\\nSt. Augustine in 1763. At the time of the Eng-\\nlish occupation, St. Augustine contained five thous-\\nand seven hundred people, white, black, mulattoes,\\nand Indians, of which the garrison constituted two\\nQ. When did the inhabitants of Pensacola return? Where\\nwas the new town built? Give what is known of its history.\\nTo what place did the survivors of the hurricane move the\\ntown? Who has left a description of Pensacola in 1763?\\nGive the appearance of the town.\\n133", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "thousand five Iiundred. Within the town were nine\\nhundred houses, commonly two stories high, with two\\nrooms on a floor, large windows and balconies and\\nflat roofs, and before the doors of most of them were\\nporticoes of stone arches. There were three churches,\\nand a Franciscan convent, which was turned by the\\nnew possessors into barracks for the soldiers. The\\nstreets of the town were regularly laid out, built nar-\\nrow for the purpose of shade and in the middle of the\\nFrom Roberts not i da.\\nST. AUGUSTINE IN 1763.\\ntown was a square, with the governor s house on one\\nside. St. Augustine was about half a mile in length,\\nand was fortified by a wall and a ditch. To the north\\nlay San Marcos, nearly in the condition it is now to\\nthe west was a rampart with broad ditch and bastions,\\nand further ofif another line with redoubts near the\\ntown was a small German settlement and not far\\naway on the St. Marks River was an Indian village\\nand a church of freestone built by the Indians.\\n134\\nk", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Other Settlements in 1763. It was now nearly\\ntwo hundred years since Menendez had massacred\\ntlie French Huguenots and founded St. Augustine,\\nbut there were scarcely more than six or seven thous-\\nand Spaniards in Florida. These were grouped\\nmainly in St. Augustine. Pensacola contained only\\na few hundred. Besides these towns, ham-\\n1763 lets, of a few inhabitants each, had been\\nfoimded at St. Josephs and St. Marks on the\\nGulf coast, and at Picolata on the St. Johns River.\\nTransfer of Florida to England. In the\\nFrench and Indian War (1754-1763) Spain was an\\nally of France against England. Towards\\nthe end of the war France saw that she was\\ngoing to lose her possessions in America, and in 1762\\nceded to her ally Spain all of Louisiana west of the\\nMississippi, with a small section of country on the\\neastern side of that river near its mouth. In this same\\nyear the English Admiral Pocock captured the Span-\\nish city of Havana, the capital of Cuba,\\n1763 thereby isolating St. Augustine from the\\nFeb. home government, on which it was depend-\\n18 ent. On the i8th of February a treaty be-\\ntween the three nations was concluded at\\nParis, by which France surrendered to England all\\nQ. Whence did Pensacola obtain its supplies of cattle?\\nHow many nations of Indians were said to be dwelling near\\nPensacola? Give St. Augustine s population. Describe its\\nhouses. The streets and square. Give the size of the town.\\nMention the fortifications and settlements nearby. How\\nlong had St. Augustine been founded? What was the popu-\\nlation of Florida in 1763? Name the Spanish settlements in\\nFlorida.\\n135", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "Louisiana east of the Mississippi, except the small\\nstrip ceded to Spain. England, anxious to\\nAug. J round out her American possessions, ex-\\nchanged Havana for Florida. On the 7th of\\nAugust Captain Wills of the British navy arrived at\\nPensacola, and presented to the Spanish commander\\nan order for its surrender, which was promptly com-\\nplied with. Transports arrived on the 2nd of Sep-\\ntember, when every one, man, woman, and child left\\nfor Mexico, preferring not to live under protestant\\nrule. The nineteenth article of the treaty had, how-\\never, guaranteed to all who would remain the right to\\nworship according to the Catholic faith, and to possess\\ntheir personal property but it had also been agreed\\nthat those who wished to leave might do so. Captain\\nWills was left in complete and undisturbed possession\\nof the town.\\nAbout the same time Major Ogilvie received St.\\nAugustine for the king of England and here, as at\\nPensacola, the population departed in a body, only\\nfive persons remaining. More of the inhabitants\\nmight have remained, had not the English commander\\nbehaved harshly towards them, which so exasperated\\nthem that if he had not put forth every effort, not a\\nhouse would have remained uninjured in St. Augus-\\nQ. Who were against England in the French and Indian\\nWar? What did France cede to Spain? Why? What cap-\\nture did Admiral Pocock make? Tell about the Treaty of\\nParis. Who received the surrender. of Pensacola? What be-\\ncame of the Spanish population? What was guaranteed them\\nby the nineteenth article of the treaty? Who received the\\nsurrender of St. Augustine?\\n136", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "tine. As it was, the governor s fine garden was de-\\nstroyed, and the people at their departure sold the\\nhouses and lands, not only of the city but of the entire\\ncountry, to a few men who remained behind for the\\npurpose of making the purchase.\\nEast AND West Florida. Owing to the size of\\nthe new province of Florida the English king was\\nafraid to allow it to continue as a whole, and\\nOct. 3 divided it into two parts, East and West\\nFlorida, separated from each other by the\\nApalachicola River. The partition was made Octo-\\nber 7, 1763, as follows\\nEast Florida should be the Peninsula, bounded on\\nthe west by the Gulf of Mexico and the Apalachicola\\nRiver; on the north by a line running from the junc-\\nture of the Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers to the\\nsource of the St. Mary s, and down this to the ocean\\non the eastward and southward by the Atlantic Ocean\\nand the Gulf of Florida, including all islands within\\nsix leagues of the coast. St. Augustine was to be the\\ncapital.\\nWest Florida was to include the islands within six\\nmiles of the coast between the Apalachicola and Lake\\nPontchartrain, and the mainland bounded westward\\nby the said lake. Lake Maurepas, and the Mississippi\\nas far north as th-e thirty-first parallel of latitude,\\nwhich running east to the Chattahoochee was to form\\nthe northern boundary. This last mentioned river to\\nQ. How many persons remained in St. Augustine? Why\\ndid not more remain? What did the inhabitants do with\\ntheir houses and lands? Why did the king of England di-\\nvide Florida into East and West Florida? Bound East\\nFlorida. Give its capital. Bound West Florida.\\n137", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "its mouth limited West Florida eastward. In Febru-\\ng ary of the following year, however, finding\\nFeb.\\nout that these limits did not include the valu-\\nable settlements at Natchez and above there,\\nthe king moved the northern boundary of West\\nFlorida up to the parallel of 32\u00c2\u00b0 28 represented\\nby a line from the mouth of the Yazoo River due east\\nto the Chattahoochee. By this act West Florida was\\nmade to include nearly the southern half of Alabama\\nand of Mississippi. The capital of West Florida was\\nFt otn Jeffreys American Atlas.\\nWEST FLORIDA IN 1775.\\nestablished at Pensacola, which thus attained a degree\\nof importance it never would otherwise have achieved\\nat this time. East Florida was not affected by this\\nsecond arranging of boundaries.\\nQ. What change was made in the northern boundary of\\nWest Florida? Why? What did it include beside the pres-\\nent West Florida? What was its capital? How was East\\nFlorida affected by this change?\\n138", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XL\\nFLORIDA UNDER BRITISH RULE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INDUCEMENTS\\nTO SETTLERS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DR. TURNBULL S COLONY AT\\nNEW SMYRNA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 REPRESENTATIVE GOVERN-\\nMENT\u00e2\u0080\u0094REVOLUTIONARY WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PANTON, LES-\\nLIE AND CO.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ALEXANDER McGILLIVRAY.\\nInducements to Settlers. As is ciistoniarv with\\nnew settlements, pamphlets were issued in England re-\\nciting the advantages of Florida; newspapers pub-\\nlished letters setting forth its salubrious climate and\\nextolling the fertility of its soil and even larger works\\nwith engraved illustrations appeared. Officers of the\\nlast war, the French and Indian War, could on appli-\\ncation receive a grant of land varying from two hun-\\ndred to five thousand acres, according to each man s\\nrank privates, disbanded in America and residing\\nthere, would be entitled to fifty acres. These lands\\nwere to be held without fee for ten years, after which\\nthey would be on the same footing as the other lands\\nof the province. Excellent roads were constructed.\\nThese, known as the king s roads are still in use,\\nthe one especially designated as King s Road from\\nSt. Augustine to Coleraine on the St. Mary s\\n1765 being built in 1765 by the liberality of private\\ngentlemen. Bounties were offered on indigo,\\nwhich at that period brought a high price in London\\nQ. What works were issued descriptive of Florida? What\\namount of land was oflfered to officers and privates of the last\\nwar? How were the lands to be held? Give an account of\\nthe king s roads\\n139", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "on turpentine, ten shillings for each barrel shipped\\nfrom Florida, and on other commodities.\\nGovernor James. Grant, i 763-1 771. The first\\ngovernor of East Florida, James Grant, arrived at St.\\nAugustine in the latter part of 1763, and on\\n1763 the 7th of October issued a proclamation\\n1771 setting forth the advantages of his province,\\nOct. 7 and inviting settlers. For the entire period\\nof his governorship he was indefatigable in\\nhis efforts to promote the welfare of his people, just\\nin his dealings with them, and skilful in reconciling\\n.contending parties. His faitli in England led him\\nduring the. Revolutionary War to imagine that five\\nthousand British troops could march unmolested from\\none end of the American continent to the other\\nthrough the revolted colonies, for which he received\\nmuch ridicule. He had one fault, that of so many\\nother colonial governors, the love of money.\\nGeorge Johnstone, Govenror of West Flor-\\nida, 1764-1766. Civil government began in West\\nF lorida with the arrival, February, 1764, of Commo-\\ndore George Johnstone, who had been ap-\\n1764 pointed as governor of that province with his\\nFeb. residence in Pensacola. Settlers began to\\ncome in large numbers owing to his publish-\\ning descriptions of the territory and the town was laid\\nout into streets and squares. But Governor John-\\nstone lacked tact, and in consequence soon found him-\\nQ. What bounties were offered? What was Governor\\nGrant s policy towards settlers? How did he care for the\\nprovince? What force did he think could subdue the re-\\nvolted colonies (in the Revolutionary JVaf)? Name his fault.\\nWho was first governor of West Florida? How did he pro-\\nmote the colony s welfare?\\n140", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "self at odds with the miUtary department. This disa-\\ngreemeiit divided the colonists into two hos-\\n1766 tile camps, which rendered the office of the\\nDec. governor so unpleasant, that he resigned in\\nDecember, 1766. A Scot by birth, he re-\\nsented strongly every slur cast on that name. Grant\\nin East Florida was also a Scotchman. On one occa-\\nsion the North Briton having spoken sarcastically of the\\ntwo as a brace of Scotchmen, Johnstone became so\\nangry that meeting Mr. Brooks, who was connected\\nwith that publication, he drew his sword to run him\\nthrough, but was prevented by the bystanders. Dur-\\ning the Revolutionary War Johnstone came to Amer-\\nica as a commissioner to endeavor to reconcile the\\ncolonies to the mother country but he rendered him-\\nself so obnoxious by his attempts at bribery, that Con-\\n1766 S^^ss refused to have anything to do with\\nhim. The lieutenant-governor, Monteforte\\n1772\\nBrown, by virtue of his office became gov-\\nernor on the resignation of Johnstone.\\nUpbuilding of Pensacola. Soon after the arrival\\nof Governor Johnstone, Elias Dunford, surveyor of\\nthe province, surveyed and laid out Pensacola into\\nblocks and squares, each lot for building purposes cor-\\nresponding to a garden lot on the edge of the town.\\nFacing the main street, named George street in honor\\nof George III, king of England, was a large park run-\\nning eastward to Charlotte street, so called for Queen\\nCharlotte, and in the centre of the town was erected a\\nstar-shaped fort with officers quarters and barracks.\\nGeorge street was carried through the swamp back of\\nQ. Give the reason for his resignation. What was he by\\nbirth?\\n141", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "the town to the foot of an eminence, which received\\nthe name of Gage Hill, in honor of General Gage of\\nBoston fame. When Peter Chester was commis-\\nsioned governor of West Florida in 1772, he set about\\nstrengthening the fortifications of Pensacola, and, dis-\\ncarding the old star-fort, had another larger and\\nstronger defense built on Gage Hill, known as Fort\\nGeorge under British rule, but called St. Michael by\\nV.- -v^,^_^^?^H\\nM 1, 1 u\\nFrom Roberts Florida.\\nPENSACOLA BAY IN I763.\\nthe Spaniards after 1783. In the centre of Fort\\nGeorge was the council chamber and other offices\\nwhere the business of the colony was transacted.\\nBelow the town at Tartar Point, now the site of the\\nQ. Relate the North Briton incident. In what capacity\\ndid Johnstone come to America? Who succeeded him?\\nWhat did Elias Dunford do for Pensacola? Give the names\\nof two streets. What defenses did Pensacola have? Where\\nwas Gage Hill? What fort took the place of the Star fort?\\nWhat rooms were there in the fort? Where was Tartar\\nPoint? What was its Spanish name?\\n142", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "Navy Yard, and which during the second Spanish\\noccupation was known as Punta de la Asta Bandera,\\nPoint of the Flag-staff, a battery and barracks were\\nerected. Two batteries, one on the top and the other\\nat the foot of the hill were planted at Red Cliff, a\\nposition which has been with great certainty identified\\nwith Barrancas. Here were also barracks and quar-\\nters for the officers, so constructed as to be able to re-\\nsist an attack from Indians.\\nWhen Captain Wills received the surrender of Pen-\\nsacola, he reported, as will be remembered, that it was\\na wretched hamlet of forty huts, and that the woods\\naround it were scarcely cut away. This was now all\\nchanged. In 1765 scurvy broke out among the sol-\\ndiers, which brought to the governor s attention the\\nnecessity of raising vegetables. In consequence, much\\nof the swamp was cleared and drained, and was culti-\\nvated in gardens, which in process of time extended\\nfar to the westward of the town. This district is still\\nfree from large trees, and presents many traces of the\\ncultivation of over one hundred years ago. Pensa-\\ncola itself took on a different appearance, a change\\nwhich came about during Governor Chester s admin-\\nistration, and will be best described when his period is\\nreached.\\nNew Smyrna. Of the many colonies planted in\\nEast Florida during British rule, the most interesting\\nis one established at Mosquito Inlet by an association\\nformed in London, at the head of which was a Scotch-\\nman, Dr. Andrew TurnbuU. A number of\\n1766 immigrants from the Bermuda Islands had\\nalready settled there in 1766, attracted by\\nthe fine live-oak growing in that region, which was\\n143", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "well suited for ship-building. In fact the large quan-\\ntity of ship timber in Florida was considered ;by the\\nBritish as one of the great advantages possessed by\\nthe province. The soil around Mosquito Inlet was\\nrich and productive, and below the frost-line the sec-\\ntion of the country was healthy fish and oysters\\nabounded in the neighboring waters; these,^ and\\nmany other features rendered it a desirable spot for a\\ncolony. It was imagined that the best way to develop\\nits natural resources would be by means of settlers\\nobtained from the counties bordering on the Mediter-\\nranean Sea, since, living in a similar climate, they\\ncould transplant to Florida the fruits, etc., of their own\\ncountries. Accordingly, Sir William Duncan and Dr.\\nTurnbuU secured after the expenditure of one hundred\\nand sixty-six thousand dollars some fifteen hundred\\ncolonists from Smyrna, Greeks, Italians, and Minor-\\n^W, cans. A settlement was begun ^X^ Mosquito Inlet^\\nand named New Smyrna, for the towh from which the\\ncolonists had come. These were indentured. They\\nwere required to work a certain number of years to\\npay for their passage and support, but were then to be\\nfree, and to receive grants of land proportionate to the\\nsize of the families.\\nCanals and ditches for irrigation, and other perma-\\nnent improvements, among them a stone wharf, were\\nQ Give the fortifications at Tartar Point. Give those at\\nRed Cliff. What was the condition of Pensacola when Cap-\\ntain Wills received its, surrender? Why was cultivation of\\nthe soil begun? Give an account of the gardens. What is\\nthe most interesting colony planted in East Florida? Who\\nwas at its head? Why had settlers already occupied Mos-\\nquito Inlet? What did the British consider a great feature\\nof Florida?\\n144", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "constructed at the cost of much labor and expense.\\nIndigo and sugar cane, especially the former, were the\\nchief articles cultivated. Everything was conducted\\nsystematically, and the colony is said to have been a\\nsuccess. The net value of the first crop of indigo\\namounted to three thousand dollars.\\nOther Settlements. The proclamation of Gov-\\nernor Grant and the policy of the British government\\nbrought from South Carolina many influential plant-\\ners, among whom were Major Moultrie, afterwards\\ngovernor of the province, and William Drayton, sub-\\nsequently chief justice of East Florida. At the same\\ntime, in England Lords Hawke, Egmont, Greenville,\\nand Hillsborough secured large grants of land, which\\nwere improved by agents sent out with suitable means.\\nDennis RoUe, Esq., father of Lord Rolle, set out in\\n1765 with one hundred families to settle a grant of four\\nthousand acres near St. Marks, but driven by stress of\\nweather to seek safety in the St. Johns River, he de-\\ncided to remain, and on its banks above Palatka, but\\non the eastern side, started a settlement at Rollstown\\nunder the name Charlottia. Subsequently, most of\\nthe colonists moved to Carolina, owing to the break-\\ning up of the colony on account of the bad manage-\\nment of Mr. Rolle s agents. A large plantation was\\nbegun at Beresford on the upper St. Johns, and\\nQ. Mention the good points of Mosquito Inlet. How\\nwas it imagined that a colony could be best planted? What\\ncolonists were secured? Give the name of the new colony.\\nWhat was required of the colonists? What works were con-\\nstructed? Give the crops chiefly cultivated. What did the\\nfirst crop of indigo net? Who moved to East Florida from\\nSouth Carolina?\\nII 145", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "another at Spring Garden. The Scotch settlement in\\nthis district removed to Georgia at the sohcitation of\\nthe Mclntoshes.\\nSocial Life in Pensacola, Governor Brown\\nwas to act as governor of West Florida only\\n1767 until a successor of Governor Johnstone\\nJuly could be appointed. In July, 1767, a certain\\nMr. Elliot was commissioned governor, but\\nhe seems never to have entered on the performance of\\nhis duties, although his arrival was expected for sev-\\neral years, and orders were given to have the govern-\\nor s residence in readiness for his occupation.\\nThe post of governor at Pensacola could not have\\nbeen a pleasant one, since the correspondence of this\\nperiod from that town declares that Pensacola has\\nbeen justly famed for vexatious law suits. It is so\\ncontrived, indeed, that if a poor man owes but five\\npounds, and has not got so much ready money, or if\\nhe disputes some dollars of imposition, that may be in\\nthe account, or if he is guilty of shaking his fist at any\\nrascal that has abused him, he is sure to be prosecuted,\\nand the costs in every suit are about seven pounds\\nsterling The writer then goes on to speak of cor-\\nruption in high places, and ends the first part of his ti-\\nrade I have known this province for little more than\\nfour years, yet I could name to you a set of men who\\nmay brag of one governor resigned, one horsewhip-\\nQ. What English lords secured grants in East Florida?\\nGive an account of Dennis Rolle s attempt to settle in the\\nsame province. Mention other settlements. How long was\\nBrown to act as governor of West Florida? Give what is\\nknown of Mr. Elliott. What reputation does a writer give\\nto Pensacola? Mention some of his further remarks about\\nlaw suits.\\n146", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "ped, and one whom they led by the nose and supported\\nwhile it suited their purpose, and then betrayed\\nWho the third governor is has not been discovered,\\nalthough the writer, writing in 1770, before the appoint-\\nment of Governor Chester, speaks of the late worthy\\nLieutenant-Governor Another correspondent tells\\nhis friend that Pensacola had few gentlemen, who are\\nvery much wanted But these surely are one-sided\\nopinions they have the ring of some disappointed\\nlitigant or dyspeptic invalid.\\nGovernor Chester, i 770-1781. Pensacola was\\nnow to enjoy a wave of prosperity greater than at any\\nsubsequent period of the same duration prior\\n1770 to the Civil War. A new governor, Peter\\n1 78 1 Chester, a man of experience and capacity,\\narrived in 1770, and at once infused a spirit\\n1770 of reform and progress into the affairs of\\nthe territory. As the tide of revolution swept\\nwith increasing force over the northern colonies, the\\ntwo Floridas, enjoying repose, became the refuge and\\nhome for large numbers of Tories, who were forced\\nto emigrate from the revolted districts. The majority\\nof refugees settled in East Florida, though many\\ngrants of land were made in the western province,\\nmostly along the courses of streams. A large number\\nof negro slaves were also imported. Commerce\\nwas chiefly represented by Panton, Leslie Co.,\\nQ. What treatment did the governors receive? What\\nclass of people does one writer say was needed in Pensacola?\\nHow does the prosperity in Chester s administration com-\\npare with any subsequent period? Give the date of his ar-\\nrival. What caused a tide of immigration to come to Flor-\\nida? Where did the majority of the immigrants settle? What\\nclass of people were imported?\\n147", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "who engaged in trade with the neighboring\\nIndian tribes. We hear also of an export trade in\\npine timber and lumber, cedar, staves, shingles, beef,\\nhides, fish, honey, beeswax, myrtle-wax from the ber-\\nries of the wild myrtle. Besides this source of pros-\\nperity, the British government expended annually dur-\\ning the last years of English occupation two hundred\\nthousand pounds in improvements, since it had deter-\\nmined to make Pensacola a great naval station for the\\ncontrol of the Gulf of Mexico. A site for a navy yard\\nwas selected westward of the town.\\nAn old traveller, William Bartram, tells of the gov-\\nernor s stone palace, with a cupola built by the Span-\\niards and of his farm to which he took morning rides\\nin his chariot but the naturalist s imagination cer-\\ntainly colored and enlarged his excellency s more\\nmodest residence and equipage, for not even tradition\\nknows anything concerning a stone palace or a\\nchariot However, there were many substantial\\ndwellings of wood and brick constructed at this time,\\nseveral of which were standing half a century ago.\\nBut of a church nothing is said. Indeed, the only\\npreacher in all West Florida during British rule was\\na German chaplain of a Waldeck regiment stationed\\nat Mobile. There is one house deserving special no-\\ntice, a white double-storied building on the blufT west\\nof Pensacola, which the English spoke of as the white\\nhouse the Spanish as Casa Blanca The owner,\\nQ. What trade was engaged in? Name some of the ex-\\nports. Give the annual expenditures of the British govern-\\nment. What did it intend to make of Pensacola? What site\\nwas selected? Give an account of the governor s stone\\npalace and his chariot When were some of the buildings\\nthen erected standing? How many churches and preachers\\nwere there in West Florida?\\n148", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "a man of wealth, and his child breathed their last here,\\nleaving the wife and mother to be driven away from\\nher home by the return of the Spanish in 1783.\\nRepresentative Government. The governor of\\nthe two Floridas had been empowered to summon\\nGeneral Assemblies in the manner and form directed\\nin those colonies in America directly under the king s\\ngovernment. Laws were to be made by the governor,\\nwith the consent of his council and of the representa-\\ntives of the people. Until the governor should deem\\nthe province capable of governing itself, he was to be\\nvested with the law-making power, in con-\\n1773 nection with his council. In 1773 Governor\\nChester thought that the time was come for\\nhim to call an Assembly. Accordingly, he had notices\\ndistributed through his province setting forth the\\nqualification of voters and representatives, as well as\\nthe number of the latter, the voting precincts, the time\\nfor holding the election, and the day on which the\\nAssembly should meet at Pensacola. But the term of\\noffice had been unhappily fixed at three years, which\\nwas too long in the opinion of the people, who ex-\\npressed themselves on the ballot as favoring a term of\\none year. They persisting in their objection to three\\nyears, and the governor refusing to grant the single-\\nyear term, no General Assembly was \u00e2\u0082\u00acver held in West\\nFlorida the fault of the people rather than of Gov-\\nernor Chester, for after they had secured the law-mak-\\ning power, they could through their repre-\\n_ sentatives have fixed the term to suit them-\\nselves. The first popular Assembly in East\\nFlorida was held in January, 1781. Here, however,\\nQ. Tell of the white house. What power was given\\nthe governors?\\n149", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "the people forced Governor Toiiyn to give them repre-\\nsentative government, as will be seen later.\\nGovernor Moultrie, 1771-1774: Governor\\nToNYN, 1774-1783. One of the immigrants from\\nSouth Carolina was Major Moultrie, a brother of Gen-\\neral Moultrie of Revolutionary fame. Major Moul-\\ntrie was appointed lieutenant-governor to Grant,\\nand on the resignation of the latter succeeded\\nto the office of governor. Soon he and Chief-Justice\\nDrayton, who refused to yield to Governor Moultrie\\nthe deference due him in his new position, were so at\\nvariance in matters relating to public afifairs that the\\nchief-justice was suspended from office by the gov-\\nernor. He endeavored to secure reinstatement, but\\nfailed, owing to his republican sympathies and after-\\nwards went to South Carolina, where he bore a con-\\nspicuous part in the struggle of the colonies for free-\\ndom. Major Moultrie was succeeded in 1774\\n1774 by Patrick Tonyn, who filled the office of\\ngovernor as long as East Florida remained\\na part of England s possessions. On his arrival he\\nissued a proclamation olTering protection to the loyal-\\nists of the neighboring colonies who should come to\\nFlorida and it is said that considerable numbers ac-\\ncepted the invitation, and settled on plantations around\\nSt. Augustine.\\nQ. How were laws made in the province? When did\\nGovernor Chester call an Assembly? What notices were sent\\nout? Give the cause of no meeting of an Assembly. Why\\nwas it the people s fault? When was an Assembly held in\\nEast Florida? Who was here in the opposition? Whence\\ndid Major Moultrie come? What position did he hold in\\nEast Florida? Why were he and Chief Justice Drayton soon\\nat variance?\\n150", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "Capture. OF the Betsey A very exasperating\\noccurrence to the authorities at St. Augustine took\\nplace in August, 1775. At the very mouth\\n1775 of the harbor of the city the Betsey a Bri-\\nAug. tish vessel from London, carrying one hun-\\ndred and eleven barrels of powder, was over-\\nhauled by a privateer from Charleston, and unloaded\\nin sight of the warships at anchor in the bay and of the\\ngarrison of Fort St. John. Colonel Brown, a famous\\npartisan leader during the Revolution, was despatched\\nwith a company of irregulars and a band of Indians to\\nretaliate by a descent on the frontier settlements of\\nGeorgia. Privateers were also fitted out, and a fort\\nbuilt for their protection on the banks of the St.\\nMary s.\\nRevolutionary War. Florida was too new a\\npossession, and the people had been too well treated,\\nfor dissatisfaction to exist such as there was in the\\nother American colonies. In consequence East and\\nWest Florida remained quietly under British rule dur-\\ning the Revolutionary War, although Spain\\n1 78 1 drove the English out of the latter in 1781.\\nMany loyalists, as already seen, made their\\nhomes in one or the other of the two Floridas. When\\nthe Declaration of Independence was heard of in St.\\nAugustine, efifigies of John Adams and of John Han-\\ncock were burned in the Plaza where the monument\\nnow stands.\\nQ. What became of Mr. Drayton? Who succeeded Major\\nMoultrie? What proclamation did he offer? With what\\neffect? Give an account of the capture of the Betsey\\nHow did Colonel Brown retaliate? Why did not the Revo-\\nlution extend to Florida?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "East Florida, at the outbreak of hostilities, assumed\\nimportance as a basis of operations and the inhabi-\\ntants were enrolled as militia, in addition to the ran-\\ngers, who were considered as regulars. The militia\\nwas called out in 1776 not only to repel invasion, but\\nalso to prevent any more infatuated men from join-\\ning their traitorous neighbours as Governor Tonyn\\ndenominated the inhabitants of the revolted colonies.\\nPresident Gwinnet of Georgia answered by ofifering\\nprotection to those who would join the American\\nstandard, in opposition to tyranny It would appear\\nthat men from Florida had joined their traitorous\\nneighbors\\nInvasion of Georgia. Just after this, prepara-\\ntions were made in Georgia to invade East Florida,\\nbut for some reason the invasion never took place.\\nThe arrival of reinforcements at St. Augustine put the\\nBritish in a condition not only to defend themselves,\\nbut to carry the war into the enemy s territory, and\\naccordingly an expedition was fitted out under Colonel\\nFuser, of the Sixtieth Regiment, who marched into\\nGeorgia with five hundred infantry and several pieces\\nof artillery. Attacking wSunbury, he was repulsed, and\\nwas compelled to retire to Florida for reinforcements.\\nNew Smyrna Broken Up. Two years after the\\nfoundation of the settlement at New Smyrna an insur-\\nrection broke out on account of the severe punish-\\nQ. Tell of the burning of the effigies of Adams and Han-\\ncock. Why did East Florida now become important? Give\\nits military force. Why was the militia called out in 1776?\\nWhat answer did President Gwinnet make? What appears\\nfrom this? What preparations were made in Georgia? Give\\nan account of Colonel Fuser s expedition.\\n152", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "ment of some of its members. Several of the ring-\\nleaders were carried to St. Augustine, where\\n1769 five were condemned to death but of these\\ntwo were pardoned by the governor, and a\\n1776 third given his liberty on condition of execut-\\ning the remaining two. By 1776 the num-\\nber of colonists was reduced from fifteen hundred to\\nsix hundred. On this year they sent a commission of\\ntwo to St. Augustine to lay before the attorney-gen-\\neral, Mr. Yonge, a petition stating their grievances,\\nand praying that they should be released from their in-\\ndentures and servitude to the proprietors. Whether\\nDr. TurnbuU was guilty of the cruelties practiced on\\nthe settlers at Mosquito Inlet, as they declared, can-\\nnot be established, as a man of his influence and stand-\\ning in the province for it was expected in 1771 that\\nhe would succeed Governor Grant would scarcely\\ncommit the enormities ascribed to him. However\\nthat may be, the petition was granted. Liberal ofifers\\nwere then made them to remain, but the remembrance\\nof the hardships and sickness suflfered was too strong,\\nand so all removed to St. Augustine, where homes were\\nassigned them in the northern part of the city, and\\nwhere their descendants still reside. To Dr. Turnbull\\nthe whole transaction must have been pure loss, as\\nthe colony was not yet on a paying foundation.\\nWilliam Panton. Among the loyalists who moved\\nto Florida during the Revolutionary War was an In-\\ndian trader from Charleston, William Panton, a native\\nof Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He came to this coun-\\ntry at an early age and settled at Charleston, where he\\nbuilt up an extensive trade with the Indians of South\\nCarolina and Georgia. But at the outbreak of the\\n153", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "war with England he was driven from the colonies,\\nand his estates in Georgia and South Carolina were\\nconfiscated. Panton then settled on the St. Mary s,\\nand as the senior of the firm of Panton, Leslie Co.,\\nwhich had an establishment in London and branches\\nin the West Indies, he afterwards set up trading-houses\\nat St. Augustine, at Pensacola, and at Chica-\\n1781 saw Bluff on the Mississippi. When the\\nSpaniards got possession of Pensacola in\\n1781, they found him residing there, and conducting\\na large business from that point. Although other\\nmerchants came in, his firm sought Indian trade alone,\\nand, this growing from year to year, in a short time\\ncontrolled the entire trade not only of the Indians in\\nWest Florida but of all the tribes south of the Ten-\\nnessee River. Owing to Panton s influence over the\\nIndians, the Spaniards were anxious to retain him in\\nthe province, and made with him a special treaty ex-\\nempting him from the restrictions placed upon other\\nforeigners. At one time it is said the Spanish govern-\\nment was indebted to him to the extent of two hun-\\ndred thousand dollars. He himself owned fifteen trad-\\ning schooners. After he became a subject\\n1804 of Spain, they suffered much from the Eng-\\nlish cruisers at that time preying on Spanish\\ncommerce. His death occurred in 1804, and after\\nthis the Americans succeeded in attracting much of\\nQ. Why was there an insurrection at New Smyrna? Tell\\nof the execution of the ringleaders. How many colonists\\nwere there in 1776? Give their petition. What can be said\\nof Dr. Turnbull? What became of the colonists? How was\\nDr. Turnbull affected by the breaking up of the colony?\\nFrom what country did William Panton come? Where did he\\nsettle? What trade did he engage in?\\n154", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "the Indian trade, which previously they had not been\\nable to do. The firm of Panton, Leslie Co. was\\ncarried on under the name of John Forbes Co.\\nAlexander McGillivray. The canny Scotch\\ntrader won his influence among the Indians in a great\\nmeasure by his power over the head man of the Creeks,\\nAlexander McGillivray, one of the most remarkable\\nof the Indian chiefs America has produced. His\\nfather, Lachlan McGillivray, came over from Scot-\\nland as a boy, and, falling in with Indian traders at\\nCharleston, accompanied them on their expeditions to\\nthe Indian country, where in a few years he became\\none of the boldest of the traders. On one of his ex-\\npeditions he wooed and won a beautiful Indian maid,\\nSehoy Marchand, the daughter of a French oflficer and\\na Creek woman of the powerful Wind family. Before\\nAlexander was born, his mother dreamed of piles of\\npapers and manuscripts, such as she had seen when as\\na girl she had visited her father in Fort Toulouse. At\\nthe age of fourteen the boy was placed in school at\\nCharleston from here he was transferred to his\\nfather s counting house at Savannah. But Alexander\\nwas more fond of study than of business. So on the\\nadvice of friends his father sent him back to Charles-\\nton, and in a few years the boy, now a man, became a\\ngood scholar; but his thoughts constantly turned to\\nQ. Which side did Panton take in the Revolutionary War?\\nHow did he afterwards extend his trade? Where did he take\\nup his residence? Give an account of his firm s trade. Why\\ndid the Spaniards retain him? ?Iow much did Spain owe\\nhim at one time? Why were his schooners attacked by Eng-\\nlish cruisers? Who secured a share of the Indian trade after\\nhis death. How was he able to gain influence among the\\nIndians?\\n155", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "his kindred and his people. One day he suddenly left\\nCharleston. The next that is heard of him is\\n1776 that he had been presiding over a council of\\nthe Creek nation at Coweta, on the Chatta-\\nhoochee. His arrival was most opportune, for\\nthe Creeks were distracted by the attempts to make\\nthem take the British or American side of the coming\\ncontest. Alexander McGillivray was distinctly a di-\\nplomatist. The office of Grand Tustenuggee, or\\nLeader of the Creek Forces, he bestowed on a French-\\nman, Leclerc Milfort, who married his sister Jeannette.\\nMcGillivray nominally espoused the cause of the Bri-\\ntish, who made of him a colonel with full pay, but\\nthough mindful of his own aggrandizement, he care-\\nfully fostered his people and so when the Revolution-\\nary War ended, the Creek Confederacy was more pow-\\nerful than it had ever been, for he never allowed the\\nCreeks to engage in the war, except in very small num-\\nbers, nor so to compromise themselves as not to be\\nable to make terms with the other side. In the years\\nbefore his death he was accused of duplicity, and fell\\nunder suspicion, as he had been made by Washington\\na brigadier-general with the salary of twelve hundred\\ndollars a year, and at the same time he was a colonel\\nin the Spanish service and their agent to the\\n1792 Creek nation, drawing an annual salary of\\nthirty-five hundred dollars. While at Pensa-\\ncola working to reestablish his power, death overtook\\nQ. Give an account of Lachlan McGillivray. Of Sehoy\\nMarchand. What dream did she have? Relate the story of\\nyoung Alexander s school days. Tell of his return to his\\npeople. Why was it opportune? Why did he make Milfort\\nleader of the Creek forces? Which side of the Revolutionary\\nWar did he espouse? How did he guard his people?\\n156", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "him in 1792, in the forty-ninth year of his age. He\\nwas interred with masonic honors in WiUiam Panton s\\ngarden, and a wail went up from the Creek nation for\\nthe Great Chieftain, who lay buried in the sands of\\nthe Seminoles Well might they mourn, for now\\nwas their country to be filled with war and bloodshed.\\nIndian Traders. Standing by the trail that runs\\nnorth from Pensacola, one might at almost any time in\\nthe end of the last century have beheld a long line of\\nponies, small but hardy, a driver to every ten. These\\nwere the pack-horses of Indian traders. Each carried\\na load of one hundred and eighty pounds of merchan-\\ndise, or, maybe, several kegs of mean rum called tafTai,\\nwhich was drunk by the driver as well as by the savage\\ncustomers. Every night the party camped out, and\\nthe ponies were let loose to graze, for there was no\\nfear of the Indians, who regarded the traders as their\\nbest friends. Rivers were crossed by canoes, or, when\\nthese were wanting, by rafts made of cane or logs.\\nAfter the wares had been disposed of, the ponies were\\nloaded again, this time with products of the chase or\\nof Indian industry, skins of various kinds, beeswax,\\nhickory-nut oil, snake-root, and other medicinal plants,\\nwhich were carried to Pensacola or other points,\\nwhence they reached the markets of the world.\\nQ. Why was McGillivray accused of duplicity? When\\nand where did his death take place? Where was he buried?\\nWhy might the Creeks mourn? What could one have seen\\nat the end of the last century? Give the load carried by a\\npack horse. Tell of the encampment and the crossing of\\nrivers. Mention some of the wares obtained from the In-\\ndians.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII.\\nBRITISH RULE IN FLORIDA, continued\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OLD\\nRORY DON BERNARDO DE GALVEZ CAP-\\nTURES PENSACOLA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BAHAMA ISLANDS SEIZED\\nRETRANSFER OF FLORIDA TO SPAIN.\\nOld Rory. During the years 1777 and 1778 a\\nlarge number of loyalists moved into Florida from\\nGeorgia and the Carolinas. Among those\\n1777-8 who came in the former year was the eccen-\\ntric Captain Roderick Mcintosh, familiarly\\ntermed Old Rory who had been with the High-\\nlanders at Fort Moosa in 1740 at the time of Ogle-\\nthorpe s invasion. He was now sixty-five years old,\\nsix feet tall and striding four feet at each step, of ruddy\\ncomplexion, and with a head of white, frizzled and\\nbushy hair. Though not rich, he cared nothing for\\nmoney. It is said that he once drove a herd of cattle\\nto St. Augustine, and, having sold them for gold, put\\nthe money in a bag on his horse, and set out for home.\\nOn the way the bag came open and spilled a number of\\ndollars, whereupon he merely fastened the canvas, pay-\\ning no attention to the pieces on the ground. Years\\nafterwards when in need of mon\u00e2\u0082\u00acy he returned to the\\nspot, and picked up what he wanted.\\nHe was fond of dogs. He once laid a considerable\\nbet that he could hide a doubloon, at three miles dis-\\nQ. What eccentric loyalist came to Florida in 1777\\nWhen had he been there before? Describe him. Tell\\nthe story of the spilled gold coins. What bet did he make\\nconcerning his dog?\\n158", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "tance, and that his setter, which he had taught to take\\nhis back track, would find it. Lauth presently went\\noff on his trail, was gone some time, and returned\\npanting, with his tongue out, but came without the\\ndoubloon. Treason vociferated Rory as he walked\\nrapidly to the place where he had hidden the money.\\nHe turned over the log, and found that Lauth had\\ntorn up the earth in search of it. A man was seen,\\nsome distance off, engaged in the splitting of rails.\\nWithout ceremony, Rory drew his dirk, advanced\\nupon him, and swore he would put him to death if he\\ndid not give up the doubloon. The man, very much\\nalarmed, immediately handed him the coin, observing\\nthat, having seen Mcintosh put something under the\\nlog, he had gone to the place and found the gold.\\nRory tossing him back the money, said, take it,\\nvile caitiff, it was not the pelf, but the honor of my dog\\nI cared for\\nIn St. Augustine Rory marched about the streets\\naccompanied by his Scotch piper, both clad in the\\nHighland costume.\\nOnce he rode from St. Augustine to Savannah, and\\nin an excited manner asked his friend Cowper for\\nmoney to pay his expenses to Charleston. With some\\ndifficulty Cowper learned the cause of his excitement.\\nThat reptile in Charleston, Gadsden, he cried, has\\ninsulted my country, and I will put him to death.\\nWhat has he done? asked his friend. Why, on\\nbeing asked how he meant to fill up his wharf, in\\nCharleston, he replied, by imported Scotchmen,\\nwho were fit for nothing better. His friends finally\\nprevailed on him to overlook the insult and to return\\nhome.\\nIn December, 1778, General Provost advanced from\\n159", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "St. Augustine with part of the garrison, for the pur-\\npose of joining the British forces on their\\n1778 way from New York to attack Savannah.\\nDec. One of his captains was Roderick Mcintosh.\\nArriving- before Sunbury, oommandedl by\\nColonel John Mcintosh, Rory having imbibed too\\nfreely, insisted on going out alone, and demanding\\nthe surrender of the fort. In the early morning he\\nadvanced, claymore in hand, followed by his faithful\\nservant Jim, and near the gate shouted in a command-\\ning tone, Surrender, you miscreants how dare you\\npresume to resist his majesty s arms Colonel\\nMcintosh threw open the gate, and said, Walk in,\\ncousin, and take possession. No! he indignantly\\nreplied, I will not trust myself with such vermin but\\nI order you to surrender. A ball from a rifle struck\\nhim in the face and he fell but immediately he recov-\\nered, and retreated backwards, flourishing his sword.\\nJim implored his master to run. He replied, Run,\\nyourself, poor slave but I am of a race that never\\nruns. Still brandishing his sword, he backed safely\\ninto the lines, his face at all times to the enemy.\\nMany distinguished persons in Georgia and Ala-\\nbama were connected with his family.\\nDisagreement and Jealousy. Owing to disa-\\ngreement among the officers, sickness among the men,\\nand lack of supplies, an attack on Florida\\n1778 proposed by Governor Houston of Georgia\\nin 1778 proved a failure. The force raised in\\nQ. Complete the story of Lauth and the piece of gold. In\\nwhat manner did Rory march on the streets of St. Augus-\\ntine? Tell the story of Gadsden s insult to his country. Why\\ndid General Provost advance to Savannah? Who was one of\\nhis captains?\\n160", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "St. Augustine to repel the invasion failed for the same\\nreason that the Georgians had done nothing. Colonel\\nFuser, the British commander, contented himself with\\nbuilding a fort at St. Johns Blufif. Had the Americans\\nmade the attack, it would probably have proved suc-\\ncessful, the English were weak and divided in\\ncounsels, and were, moreover, alarmed by the death\\nof Captain Skinner, Deputy Superintendent of Indian\\nAffairs, and a bold and skilful officer.\\nDistinguished Carolinians at St. AIjgustine.\\nAfter the fall of Charleston in 1780 sixty-one\\nof the most respectable of the citizens of\\nSouth Carolina were transferred to St. Augustine as\\nprisoners of state.* Many indignities were heaped\\nupon them, though they were paroled, and allowed\\nthe freedom of the city. As the British had broken\\nthe first parole in taking them to St. Augustine. Gen-\\neral Gadsden refused a second from so perfidious a\\npower, and bore close confinement for forty-two weeks.\\nThe prisoners were told tales of battles lost by the\\nrebels and were informed on high authority that the\\nblood of the unfortunate Major Andre would be re-\\nquired of them. To have any friendly intercourse\\nwith them is considered as a mark of disrespect\\nto his majesty and displeasing to me, says Gov-\\nQ. Give an account of Rory before Sunbury. Why did\\nGovernor Houston s proposed invasion of Florida prove a\\nfailure? Why did the British do nothing? With what did\\nColonel Fuser content himself? Give reasons for supposing\\nthat an attack of the Americans would have been successful.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Fairbanks, Htst. of Fla.. p. 230, apparently gives their names, but in\\nreality gives only fifty-six. Those omitted are, John Loveday, William\\nLivingstone, Dr. David Ramsay, General Jacob Reed, Philip Smith. Cf.\\nForbes, Sketches, Hist, and Topog. of the Floridas, p. 32.\\n12 161", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "ernor Tonyn in an official letter. Such treatment\\nrather gained them friends than otherwise.\\n1 78 1 Finally in 1781 they were sent to Philadel-\\nphia and exchanged in a general exchange of\\nprisoners.\\nGeneral Assembly of East Florida. We have\\nalready seen that in 1773 Governor Chester endeav-\\nored to create a General Assembly in West\\n1773 Florida, but that, owing to the opposition to\\na term of three years, no representative gov-\\nernment was formed. In East Florida the governors\\nhad not issued writs for the election of assemblymen,\\nuntil in 1780 public opinion in favor of a General As-\\nsembly became so strong that Governor Tonyn was\\ncompelle d much against his will to declare a popular\\nelection. The first meeting was held in De-\\n1780 cember, 1780. There was no revolutionary\\nDec. spirit manifest, as the only business trans-\\nacted was with reference to a constitution\\nand certain local laws. The governor delivered an\\naddress before the Assembly congratulating it on the\\nstate of prosperity in the province, especially during\\nhis term of office. Of late, gentlemen, he said, the\\nincrease of property, from your success in commerce\\nand planting, has been considerable and the industry\\nand judgment of a few may evince to Great Britain,\\nthat ample returns in produce may be made for money\\nlaid out in raising a produce equally beneficial to the\\nQ. What prisoners were brought to St. Augustine? How\\nwere they treated? Give the conduct of General Gadsden.\\nGive a further account of their treatment. What effect did it\\nhave? How were they finally released? Why had Governor\\nChester failed to create representative government in West\\nFlorida? Tell of the General Assembly in East Florida.\\n162", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "planter and the mother country, in one of the most\\nhealthy and fertile climates upon earth. This has a\\ndifferent ring from his letter to Lord Germaine pre-\\nvious to the calling of the General Assembly, in which\\nhe states that the cry for a legislature was as loud as\\never, and that suggestions were thrown out that with-\\nout it people s property was insecure. But men-\\ntion, he continues, the expediency, propriety, rea-\\nsonableness, justice and gratitude of imposing taxes\\nfor the expenses of government, they are all silent, or\\nso exceedingly poor as not to be able to pay the least\\nfarthing.\\nProsperity in East Florida. The introduction\\nof the experienced planters from South Carolina had\\ngiven a great impulse to the prosperity of the colony\\nof East Florida, under the fostering care of\\n1770 the home government. Commerce steadily\\nincreased. During 1770 fifty coastwise\\nschooners entered the port of St. Augustine, besides\\nseveral vessels from London and Liverpool.\\n1772 Florida indigo brought the highest price of\\nany in the London market. In 1772 forty\\nthousand pounds were exported, which besides bring-\\ning a good price earned for the owners a\\n1779 handsome bounty. Seven years later forty\\nthousand barrels of naval stores left the pro-\\nvince, valued in St. Augustine at thirty-six shillings\\nper barrel, in addition to which the government paid\\nQ. When did the Assembly hold its first meeting? What\\nbusiness was transacted? Give the governor s address. What\\ndid he say of the people in his letter to Lord Germaine? How\\nwas an impulse given to the prosperity of East Florida? Give\\nthe vessels visiting St. Augustine in 1770. Tell about the\\nraising of indigo.\\n164", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "a bounty of ten shillings. Among the firms conduct-\\ning a trade with the Indians were Panton and Leslie,\\nSpalding, Kelsull, McLatchie, Swanson, and McGil-\\nlivray and Strother. The forests yielded an almost\\ninexhaustible suply of timber, while the farmer raised\\nfor home use, or for sale, sugar cane, cotton, rice,\\noranges, lemons, figs, grapes, bananas, and pineapples.\\nNo better testimony for the healthiness of the climate\\nis needed than the statement that, during the entire\\nperiod of British occupation, there were but ten doc-\\ntors in all East Florida. But it is proper to place be-\\nside these evidences of prosperity the expenditures of\\nthe home government. During the last three years\\nof English rule in West Florida over four hundred\\nthousand pounds were spent in carrying on the affairs\\nof the province. For the same period in East Florida\\nthe expenses were one hundred and thirty-five thous-\\nand pounds, which is more than the total value of ex-\\nports from the province for the same time.\\nThough the province was in a prosperous condition,\\nyet Sir Guy Carlcton in 1780 ordered the\\n1780 evacuation of East Florida. His order was,\\nhowever, not carried out on account of the\\nremonstrance against such a step.\\nWar Between England and Spain: Attack on\\nWest Florida. As the revolutionary war pro-\\ngressed in the northern colonies, England feeling that\\nQ. Give the naval stores shipped from East Florida in\\n1779. Mention some of the trading houses. Give some of\\nthe products of the soil. What good testimony is there for\\nthe healthiness of the country? What were the governmental\\nexpenses of East and West Florida? Give Sir Guy Carle-\\nton s order in 1780 concerning East Florida.\\nI6S", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "West Florida was secure drew off the garrisons from\\nthe different forts, until by the latter part of\\n1778 1778 only five hundred men remained in the\\nwhole province. But at this time, having\\nher suspicions aroused by the conduct of Spain, she\\ndespatched General John Campbell to Pensacola with\\ntwelve hundred soldiers consisting of a regiment of\\nWaldecks and two regiments of Tories from Mary-\\nland and Pennsylvania. On the i6th of June,\\n7/9 1779 the Spanish minister to England, Mar-\\nJune 16 quis d Almodovar, left England immediately\\nafter delivering to Lord Weymouth a paper\\nJune 19 containing a declaration of war. Three days\\nlater, June 19, the governor of Louisiana,\\nDon I .ernardo de Galvez, published a proclamation\\nannouncing that Spain acknowledged the in-\\nAugust dependence of the American colonies. In\\nAugust de Galvez invaded West Florida with\\na force of two thousand men, and by reason of his\\noverwhelming numbers forced the surrender\\n1780 of the English forts on the Mississippi River.\\nMarch After a period of inactivity lasting till March\\nof the following year, he assailed the defenses\\nof ]\\\\Iobile, which were taken, but only after a severe\\nstruggle, and when he had granted honorable terms to\\nthe mere handful of a garrison. Strangely enough,\\nthe Spaniard halted before attacking Pensacola, as\\nhe had halted before advancing on Mobile.\\nDe Galvez -Before Pensacola. The fall of Mo-\\nbile was a warning to General Campbell to prepare to\\ndefend Pensacola. No help need be expected from\\nQ. What was the state of the military force of West\\nFlorida in 1778? Why were reinforcements sent to Pen-\\nsacola?\\n166", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "England, which was now straining every muscle to\\nhold her own against her enemies in Europe and to\\nsustain the war in the northern colonies. Starvation\\nthreatened Pensacola, until a cruiser captured several\\nmerchant vessels in the Gulf of Mexico. It was not\\nenough for General Campbell to strengthen Fort\\nGeorge, and garrison Red Clifif with fifty Waldecks,\\nbut, tired of waiting for the Spaniards, he despatched\\na small force to attack a Spanish post on the Missis-\\nsippi, an unfortunate move, since many veteran officers\\nand men perished, who were soon to be\\n1 781 needed in Pensacola. On the 9th of March,\\n1781, the echoes of the Mentor s guns an-\\nnounced the arrival of the Spaniards. By the next\\nmorning thirty-eight vessels lay off the harbor, and\\nnine days later the entire fleet sailed past the batteries\\nat Red Cliff and Tartar Point into the bay;\\nApr. 16 but still not deeming it not wise to attack\\nde Galvez despatched a boat to Havana for\\nApr. 22 more men and artillery, which arrived on\\neighteen vessels, April 16. An attempt had\\nbeen made to land previously, but had failed. On the\\n22nd, however, the invaders came ashore, and began\\nto establish camps and erect batteries. A camp near\\nthe town, which the besieged had failed to\\nApr. 25 surprise because of the desertion of a Wal-\\ndeck, the only Catholic among the English,\\nQ. What reinforcements reached Pensacola? Give an\\naccount of Spain s declaration of war against England. Of\\nher acknowledging American independence. Tell of de\\nGalvez s movements. What delays occurred in his move-\\nments? Why could General Campbell receive no aid from\\nEngland? What was the state of affairs at Pensacola?\\nWhat expedition did General Campbell send out?\\n167", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "was taken by a night attack on the 25th. But the\\nSpanish works went on slowly and cautiously and\\nwithout the knowledge of the garrison in Fort George,\\na large fort of sand and trees was constructed in the\\nwoods about one-third of a mile distant. The name\\ngiven to it was San Bernardo.\\nCapture of Fort George. On the 27th discover-\\ning a detachment of the enemy at work in the woods,\\nthe British in Fort George turned their guns\\nApr. 2 upon them. Firing became general, the\\nSpanish opening all their batteries on the\\nEnglish fort. The garrison of the latter, being small,\\nhad to cease firing the first day of May, in\\nMay I order to take needed rest and repair their\\ndamaged works but the Spaniards did not\\nattempt an assault, though now was a fine opportunity.\\nTheir guns sought for the magazine without success,\\ntill a Tory Colonel, of infamous conduct and who had\\nbeen drummed out of the fort by his comrades, in-\\nformed them of the fatal angle where it stood.\\nMay 8 Then after days of firing concentrated on\\nthat spot, on the 8th of May, a thunder-like\\nexplosion shook Gage Hill, and opened a wide breach\\nin the walls of Fort George. General Camp-\\n1781 bell coolly charged his guns, and pointed\\nthem to sweep the opening. He then sent\\nQ. When did de Galvez arrive? How many vessels had\\nhe? What did he do before attacking? How many rein-\\nforcements arrived? When was a landing made Tell of\\nthe capture of one Spanish camp. What fort was built?\\nHow did the firing begin? Why did the Enghsh rest on the\\n1st of May? What spot did the Spaniards try to hit? How\\ndid they find out its position? How was the breach in Fort\\nGeorge made?\\nj68", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "out a white flag to de Galvez and agreed to surrender\\non condition that his troops be allowed to march out\\nof the breach and to stack their arms at a distance of\\nfive hundred paces and that then they be transported\\nas soon as possible to a British port, on parole not to\\nserve against Spain or her allies until exchanged.\\nThe Spanish commander at first refused to receive the\\nsurrender on these terms but he accepted them when\\nGeneral Campbell put on a bold front. With banners\\nflying the eight hundred British troops\\nMay 9 marched forth, and at the designated spot\\ngave up their arms to the Spaniards, fifteen\\nthousand strong.\\nDeparture of the English from West Flor-\\nida. Just before the troops marched out from Fort\\nGeorge, formal articles of capitulation were signed by\\nGeneral Campbell, Governor Chester, and Don Ber-\\nnardo de Galvez. The inhabitants of Pensacola were\\nto leave the country within eighteen months, unless\\nthey wished to become subjects of Spain, in which\\ncase they would be compelled to renounce their faith,\\nand become Catholics. Spain, it will be remembered,\\nstipulated in 1763 that such of her subjects as wished\\nto remain should be permitted to worship according\\nto their catholic faith, but England did not thus care\\nfor the religious welfare of her people.\\nQ. Give an account of General Campbell s actions after\\nthe breach had been made. On what terms did he surrender?\\nGive the forces of the two sides. Who signed the formal\\narticles of capitulation? What did the Spaniards require?\\nHow did the English terms compare with the Spanish of\\n1763? Where did the British troops go from Pensacola?\\nWhat agreement was broken?\\n169", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "On June 4, the British troops left for Havana. From\\nthere they were conveyed to Brooklyn to swell the\\narmy against Washington, in open violation\\nJune 4 of the agreement by which Spain was to do\\nnothing to aid England against the American\\ncolonies. Nearly all the inhabitants left West Florida\\nwithin the required eighteen months.\\nCapture of the Bahama Islands. As part com-\\npensation for the loss of West Florida, an expedition\\nfrom St. Augustine captured the Bahama\\n1783 Islands in the year 1783. Colonel Devereux,\\na high spirited ofiticer, native of South Caro-\\nlina, privately fitted out two brigs of twelve guns each,\\nand, having on board fifty reckless and desperate ad-\\nventurers, to whom were added a number of negroes,\\nhe sailed for the islands, reaching Nassau at night.\\nSecretly landing his men near the fort which guarded\\nthe town, he rushed upon the unsuspecting sentinels,\\nand without firing a gun overpowered the garrison.\\nNext day by a trick he pretended to introduce a large\\nbody of men into the fort. Several boats were kept\\nmoving between it and the brigs, apparently bringing\\na number of soldiers ashore on each trip, but, in reality,\\nthe men returned to the ships, going to the side away\\nfrom the town, when they rose from their concealment\\nin the bottom of the boat, and were ready to be rowed\\nto land again. Straw figures were set up on the walls\\nof the fort and on the neighboring heights to give the\\nappearance of a large army. Colonel Devereux then\\nsent the Spanish governor a summons to surrender.\\nWhen he hesitated, a cannon-shot fired over his house\\nhurried him up. Too late the Spaniards found out the\\ntrick by which they had been deceived, and the shabby\\n170", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "force which had played it. The Bahama Islands thus\\nbecame a part of England s possessions.\\nRetransfer of Florida to Spain. In the midst\\nof the prosperity enjoyed by East Florida, there came\\nsuddenly and almost without warning news\\n1783 of a treaty between England and Spain, an-\\nSept. 3 nounced on September 3, 1783. Spain was\\nonce more to own Florida, and England was\\nto have in exchange the Bahama Islands, fit only for\\na coaling station. For many years the British gov-\\nernment had been offering inducements to settlers\\nfrom the home country as well as from her American\\ncolonies, and now they were all bundled out of the\\nprovince, on a notice to leave within eighteen\\n1784 months, unless they should be willing to re-\\nJune nounce their faith and become subjects of\\nSpain. In June, 1784, Zespedez, the new\\nSpanish governor, arrived at St. Augustine. About\\nthe same time British transports gathered in St.\\nMary s River, and, taking on board the wretched in-\\nhabitants of East Florida, conveyed them, some to\\nEngland, some to Nova Scotia, some to the Bahama\\nIslands, some to Jamaica. These last were treated\\nwith great harshness and cruelty, and were compelled\\nto ask relief of the home government, which was so\\ntardy in coming that many perished. Others pre-\\nferring to trust to the kindness of their old neighbors\\nreturned to South Carolina.\\nQ. What part compensation for the loss of West Florida\\ndid England receive? Give Colonel Devereux s force. How\\ndid he capture the garrison? Tell the trick he played. How\\nwas the Spanish governor hurried up? What news suddenly\\nreached the people of East Florida? What did England get\\nin exchange for Florida?\\n171", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "All did not leave Florida within the specified time,\\nand for their benefit an extension of four months was\\ngranted. For those who wished to remain perma-\\nnently it was ordered that at Natchez, and other\\nplaces of both Floridas, where it is convenient, par-\\nishes of Irish clergy be established, in order to bring\\nsaid colonists and their children and families to onr\\nreligion with the sweetness and mildness which it ad-\\nvises Some few English families remained, and all\\nthe Greeks and Minorcans of the New Smyrna settle-\\nment, who, being Roman Catholics, did not object to\\nSpanish sovereignty.\\nReview. We have seen that when Spain evacu-\\nated Florida in 1763 there were about seven thousand\\npeople in the province, gathered almost entirely in the\\nwretched hamlet of Pensacola, and in St. Augustine.\\nThe twenty years of British rule built the former town\\ninto a handsome and thriving city, brought thousands\\nof active and energetic planters into the two Floridas,\\ntraces of whose work still exist in all parts of the State,\\nand raised the two provinces into a condition in which\\nthey bade fair to become as prosperous as any of his\\nEnglish majesty s American possessions. Then Spain\\noverpowered one, and the fatal order came to evacuate\\nthe other.\\nQ. How did England treat her Florida subjects? When\\ndid the new Spanish governor arrive? Where did the Eng-\\nlish inhabitants go? How did those fare who went to Ja-\\nmaiica? To what State did some move? What extension of\\ntime was granted? Tell what was to be established for those\\nwho remained. What class of people remained? Give a re-\\nview of British rule in Florida.\\n172", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII.\\nSECOND SPANISH OCCUPATION BOUNDARY\\nLINES-GENERAL WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BOWLES\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094TWO NEW REPUBLICS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 UNITED STATES SOL-\\nDIERS IN FLORIDA.\\nBoundary Lines. Spain retained the English di-\\nvision of Florida into East and West Florida but\\nwith the United States a serious discussion\\n1783 arose concerning the northern boundary of\\nSep. 3 the latter province. This boundary, it will\\nbe remembered, was the parallel of 32\u00c2\u00b0 28\\nduring the British occupation. When England by\\nthe treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783, acknowledged\\nthe independence of the United States, she agreed that\\nthe southern boundary of the latter should be the\\nthirty-first parallel. This limit was based on the char-\\nter of Georgia, given by George II, which, in reality,\\nhe had no right to grant, since it embraced territory\\nthat belonged to Spain. Spain refused to evacuate\\nfor the United States the portion of West\\n1779-81 Florida between 31\u00c2\u00b0 and 32\u00c2\u00b0 28 And she\\nbased her refusal on the ground that she had\\ndriven the English out of this province before the\\ntreaty of Paris was made, and that therefore Eng-\\nland had no right to cede lands which belonged to\\nQ. How did Spain divide Florida? What discussion\\narose with the United States? What right had England to\\nfix the southern boundary of the United States at 31 What\\nlimit did Spain claim for the northern boundary of Florida?\\nOn what was her claim based? How was the dispute settled?\\n173", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "Spain by right of conquest. This territory remained\\na bone of contention for twelve years, until\\n1795 in 1795 Washington despatched Thomas\\nPinckney to Madrid, where a treaty was con-\\ncluded, by which Spain agreed to fix the northern\\nboundary of West Florida at the thirty-first parallel.\\nTreaty with William Panton and with Alex-\\nander McGiLLivRAY. Left to Spain alone, Pensa-\\ncola would have dwindled to the wretched little hamlet\\ndescribed by Captain Wills. But Spain saw what\\nthe trading-house of Panton, Leslie Co. had done\\nfor the commerce of the place, and that William Pan-\\nton exercised great influence over the Indians, which\\nwould be an important aid in keeping quiet her sav-\\nage subjects. Accordingly, he was released from the\\nobligation of giving up his faith, as required by the\\nFifth Article of the treaty between Spain and England,\\nand an agreement was made with him, conceding to\\nhis house a monopoly of the Indian trade, with sta-\\ntions at Mobile, Pensacola, and Apalachee. He was\\nbound to promote peace and good will between the In-\\ndians and Spain.\\nThrough his influence Alexander McGillivray,\\nGrand Chief of the Creek nation, came to Pensacola,\\nand there concluded, on behalf of the Creeks and\\nSeminoles, a treaty of alliance with Don Miro, of New\\nOrleans, governor of West Florida, Don Arthur\\nO Neill, commandant of Pensacola, and Don Martin\\nNavarro, intendent-general of Florida. The Creeks\\nand Seminoles were to uphold his Catholic majesty s\\npower, establish a general peace with the Chickasaws,\\nChoctaws, and Cherokees, and allow no white person\\nin their country without a permit from Spain. This\\n174", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "power was to set up trading-houses at suitable points,\\nand exercise a general superintendency over the In-\\ndians.\\nCondition of the Provinces. Few of the old in-\\nhabitants of the first Spanish occupations returned.\\nTheir interest in Florida had been transferred to other\\nhomes and other countries. St. Augustine was de-\\nserted by nearly all except the Greeks and Minorcans,\\nand the weak remnant scarcely ventured beyond the\\nrange of the castle s guns. Decay and ruin rapidly\\novertook the beautiful estates scattered along the coast\\nand upon the banks of the St. Johns. Depredations of\\nthe Indians became daily more aggressive. Just after\\nthe departure of the English a band of roving savages\\ndestroyed Bella Vista, Governor Moultrie s fine coun-\\ntry-seat, a few miles from St. Augustine which added\\ngreatly to the general insecurity of the province. The\\ninducements held out to settlers were coupled with\\nsuch conditions that few cared to accept them. Some\\nwere even driven away, as was the case with certain of\\nthe former English land-owners, who, becoming dis-\\ngusted with the Bahamas, moved to Mosquito Inlet,\\nwhere they were beginning to enjoy a degree of pros-\\nperity, when the narrow policy of Spain compelled\\nthem to migrate to the free country of the United\\nStates.\\nQ. What did Spain see in regard to William Panton and\\nthe firm of which he was head. What agreement did she\\nmake with him? What was he bound to do? Give a result\\nof his influence over Alexander McGillivray. State what the\\nCreeks and Seminoles were to do. What was expected of\\nSpain? How many of the former Spanish inliabitants re-\\nturned?\\n175", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "In West Florida the influence of Panton upheld\\ncommerce to some extent, and caused the rise of saw-\\nmills, brickyards, and a tanyard.\\nMinister Genet. When the French RepubHc was\\nformed. Genet was its American minister. Relying\\non the discontented inhabitants of the South and\\nSouthwest, he projected a scheme for the conquest of\\nthe Spanish possessions of Louisiana and the Floridas.\\nLarge numbers offered their services, and prepara-\\ntions were made in Georgia for an army to assemble\\non the St. Mary s, to make a dash on East Florida.\\nAt this the Spanish governor became uneasy, and re-\\nmonstrated with Governor Matthews of Georgia, who\\nat once forbade the people of his State to engage in\\nthe enterprise. Washington, too, empowered him to\\ncall out the United States troops, if needed, to prevent\\nthe invasion. The scheme fell through. Genet soon\\nleft the country.\\nGovernor Folch. The first in command of the\\nSpanish forces and government at Pensacola was Don\\nArthur O Niell, who in 1792 gave up his\\n1 781 ol^ce to Enrique White, and he in turn to\\n1792 Francisco de Paula Gelabert, whom in 1796\\nVincente Folch y Juan superseded. Among\\n1796 the first acts of Governor Folch was the lay-\\ning out of a new town, San Carlos de Barran-\\nQ. What was the condition of the inhabitants of St.\\nAugustine? What was becoming of the old English estates?\\nTell of Bella Vista. Why did not settlers accept the\\nSpanish inducements? What is said of the settlement at\\nMosquito Inlet? Give the situation in West Florida. State\\nGenet s scheme. How was it looked on by many? What\\npreparations were made? How did the Spanish governor\\nact?\\n176", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "cas,* near San Carlos, which had been rebuilt between\\n1781 and 1796. But Folch could not secure the royal\\napproval for changing Pensacola to Barrancas, and so\\nthe new town was not built. Failing here, he then\\nmade changes in the plan of Pensacola.\\n1870 Another incident of Governor Folch s term\\nof office deserves mention, which is the build-\\ning of a ship of eight hundred tons burden that nearly\\nseventy-five years later was still engaged in the Span-\\nish trade, under the name Pensacola.\\nEllicott s Line. When Spain agreed in 1795 to\\naccept the thirty-first parallel as the northern boundary\\nof West Florida, it was stipulated that the\\n1795 line should be run within six months after the\\nratification of the treaty. Andrew EUicott\\nwas the United States commissioner to superintend\\nthe survey Spain was represented by Major Stephen\\nMinor and Sir William Duncan. Owing to\\n1798 the tardiness of the Spanish force in evacu-\\nMarch ating the disputed territory, it was not until\\nthe end of March, 1798, that Ellicott was able\\nto begin the survey, which proved a long and tedious\\ntask on account of the numerous rivers,\\nmarshes, and swamps to be crossed. At\\nQ. Give an account of the actions of Governor Matthews,\\nand of Washington. Mention the Spanish commanders at\\nPensacola. What town did Governor Folch lay out? Why\\ndid he fail to build it? What did he do at Pensacola? Tell\\nof the ship Pensacola. How soon was the line marking the\\nnorthern boundary of Florida to be run? Give the commis-\\nsioners. When did the survey actually begin?\\nThe name comes from the Spanish word barranca, signifying broken,\\nin the sense in which the term is applied to a landscape. Campbell, Hist.\\nSketches, etc., p. 201.\\n13 177", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "the Chattahoochee, which was reached in August,\\n1799, the party had to halt and defend them-\\nAug. selves against the attacks of the Indians in-\\ncited to acts of aggression by the Spanish\\n1800 officers at Pensacola. From the Chattahoo-\\nFeb. 26 chee, ElHcott sailed around the coast of\\nFlorida, and ascended the St. Mary s River.\\nHere he met the surveyors, and completed the run-\\nning of the line, February 26, 1800.\\nGeneral William Augustus Bowles. This bril-\\nhant but unprincipled man was born in Maryland,\\nwhere he entered the British army at the age of four-\\nteen. Reaching the rank of ensign, he was deprived\\nof his commission because of insubordination. He\\nflung his uniform into the bay at Pensacola, and be-\\ntook himself to the Creek country in company with\\nseveral warriors of that tribe. Here he soon learned the\\nlanguage, became a great favorite both of the natives\\nand of the traders, and married a daughter of a chief\\namong the Lower Creeks. After the fall of Pensa-\\ncola, where he had acted as an ally of the British at the\\nhead of a band of Creeks, the self-styled General Wil-\\nliam Augustus Bowles joined a company of travelling\\ncomedians, and played for some time at New Provi-\\ndence, one of the Bahama Islands. Lord Dunmore,\\ngovernor of these islands, taking a fancy to Bowles,\\nsent him to the Chattahoochee to establish a trading-\\nhouse in opposition to Panton, Leslie Co. But as\\nhe exerted his influence against McGillivray, that\\nchieftain gave him twenty-four hours in which to leave\\nthe Creek nation. Bowies left.\\nLord Dunmore then despatched him to London\\nwith a delegation of Seminoles, Creeks, and Cherokees\\n178", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "to secure the aid of the government against American\\naggression. Returning to the Bahamas and teaching\\nhis Indian alhes to navigate his pirate craft, General\\nBowles began a piratical warfare on the vessels of\\nWilliam Panton. The merchandise obtained from\\nPanton s vessels was carried to all parts of the Creek\\nnation, and Bowles soon became so popular that he\\nundertook to overthrow McGillivray, denouncing him\\nas a traitor, which, indeed, he did appear to be after\\nhis treaty with Washington. The Great Chieftain\\nseemed ready to fall, but by the aid of Panton and the\\nSpanish governor of West Florida he secured the ar-\\nrest of Bowles, who was sent in chains to Madrid.\\nAt the Spanish capital Bowles was offered magnifi-\\ncent presents if he would give up his allegiance to the\\nEnglish, and further the interests of Spain among the\\nCreeks. Failing to win him in this way, or by means\\nof sumptuous entertainment, the king ban-\\n1797 ished him to an island in the Pacific Ocean,\\nwhere he remained until February, 1797.\\nGeneral Bowles was then sent back to Spain, but on\\nhis way escaped to Sierra Leone, and from\\n1799 there to London. He immediately turned\\npirate as before, and when Mr. Ellicott\\nreached the mouth of the Apalachicola on his way\\naround Florida, he came across that gifted adventurer\\nQ. What made the survey difficult? What did the party\\nhave to do at the Chattahoochee? Give the further move-\\nments of Mr. Ellicott. Give an account of the early life of\\nGeneral William Augustus Bowles to the fall of Pensacola.\\nWhat profession did he then follow? How did Lord Dun-\\nmore employ him? Why did he leave the Creek nation?\\nWhere did Lord Dunmore then send him?\\n179", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "wrecked at Fox Point; and each was of some service\\nto the other.\\nBowles joined a noted desperado, Daniel McGirth.\\nThese two persuaded the Indians to plunder the\\nhouses of certain traders, declaring that the goods in\\nthem rightfully belonged to Bowles. On the plea\\nthat the country belonged by rights to the Creeks and\\nSeminoles, he endeavored to stir up these Indians\\nagainst the United States and Spain, and, it is claimed,\\nto found a great empire in the Southwest under Eng-\\nlish protection. Hearing that St. Marks was poorly\\ngarrisoned, he made a dash on the place, captured it,\\nand held it for several weeks, until Governor O Niell\\nof Pensacola drove him out. A large reward for his\\narrest, offered by Spanish officials and by Hawkins,\\nthe United States agent to the Creeks, induced the In-\\ndians to give him up. On the way down the Alabama\\nto Mobile, his captors encamped one night on the\\nbanks of the river and while they were sleeping, he\\ngnawed his bonds through, took a canoe, and paddled\\ntO the other side, where leaving the boat he fled. Un-\\nhappily, he had forgotten to shove off the canoe so\\nthe Indian guards easily found his trail, and recap-\\ntured him by noon. Bowles was taken from Mobile\\nto Havana, where after a few years he died in Moro\\nCastle.\\nTreachery of Quesada, Governor of East\\nFlorida. A distinguished Revolutionary officer,\\nQ. Tell of Bowles piracy. How did he gain influence\\namong the Creeks? Tell of him and McGillivray. Give an\\naccount of his treatment at Madrid. Of his banishment and\\nescape. How did Mr. EUicott find him? Whom did he then\\njoin? To what did he and McGirth incite the Indians? On\\nwhat plea did he try to stir up the Indians?\\ni8o", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "General John Mcintosh, and a number of famihes de-\\nvoted to his interest, moved to the banks of the St.\\nJohns about 1794. Governor Quesada pre-\\n1794 tended to be friendly, but was in reality jeal-\\nous of the respect shown to General Mcin-\\ntosh. On one occasion, when the latter was on a visit\\nto St. Augustine, Quesada had him arrested charged\\nwith designs hostile to the Spanish government; and\\ndespatched a body of soldiers to Bellevue, the gen-\\neral s plantation, who ransacked his house and carried\\naway all private papers. He was then imprisoned in\\nMoro Castle. His devoted wife, who had lost her\\neyesight, wrote several able letters to the governor of\\nCuba, and even appealed to Washington to interfere,\\nbut without success. Finally, after a year, General\\nMcintosh was released without trial. So disgusted\\nwas he with Spanish treachery that he determined to\\nreturn to the States and, accordingly, he and his ad-\\nherents moved back to Georgia, destroying on the way\\na Spanish fort at Cowford, opposite the spot where\\nJacksonville now stands.\\nPurchase of Louisiana. We have already heard\\nthat in 1762 France ceded to Spain that portion of\\nLouisiana which lay west of the Mississippi,\\n1762 with a small section on the eastern bank near\\nthe river s mouth. In 1800 by the treaty of\\n1800 San Ildefonso Napoleon compelled Spain to\\nQ. Give General Bowles scheme. What town did he\\ncapture? Give an account of his capture and attempt to es-\\ncape. What finally became of him? Who settled on the St.\\nJohns in 1794? How did the Spanish governor pretend to\\ntreat him? Give the circumstances of his capture. Where\\nwas General Mcintosh imprisoned? Tell of his wife s efforts\\nto secure his release.\\n181", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "return the present. Three years later he parted with\\nLouisiana to the United States. Before\\n1762 the French territory had embraced what\\nafterwards formed West Florida westward of the Per-\\ndido River and so when the United States bought out\\nFrance s American possessions, the United States\\nclaimed that she should also have the Government of\\nBaton Rouge and the Mobile district both claimed\\nby Spain as a part of West Florida. This latter power\\nmaintained with great show of reason that as she had\\nnever received the two districts from France, but had\\nconquered them from England, they could not be con-\\nsidered a part of Louisiana, and consequently France\\ncould not sell them to the United States.\\nBy the Government of Baton Rouge was meant\\nthe country lying south of 31\u00c2\u00b0, and included between\\nthe Pearl River on the east and the Mississippi and\\nBayou Iberville on the west and south. The governor\\nof this district was Don Carlos de Grandpre. Mo-\\nbile district also lay south of 310, and was\\n1809 bounded on the west by the Pearl, on the east\\nby the Perdido, and the Gulf of Mexico\\nwashed its southern shore. In 1809 Governor Folch\\nleft Pensacola to take command at Mobile, the capital\\nof Mobile district\\nNaming the Streets of Pensacola. It is inter-\\nesting to find that in the names of Pensacola s streets\\nQ. Give an account of General Mcintosh s release and\\nreturn to Georgia. What did Spain receive from France in\\n1762? Relate the return to France and sale to the United\\nStates. Why did the latter claim West Florida west of the\\nPerdido? What two districts was it divided into? What\\ndid Spain give as her reason for retaining the disputed terri-\\ntory? What was the Government of Baton Rouge\\n182", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "her citizens liave recorded their patriotic liove for\\nthe Spain which rose as one man to cast\\noff the yoke imposed on her by Napoleon in\\n1808. Zaragoza, Baylen, Alcaniz, Tarragona, Pala-\\nfox, Romana, recall thrilling sieges, bloody battle-\\nfields, heroic leaders, of the great Peninsula cam-\\npaign\\nWEST FLORIDA IN 1810.\\nGovernors of the Two Floridas. In West\\nFlorida Governor Folch was succeeded in 1809 by\\nhis son-in-law, Don Francisco Maximiliano\\nde Saint Maxent, who acted as governor\\nuntil July, 1812. Mauricio Zuniga followed\\nuntil May of the next year, when Mateo Gur-\\nzalez Maurique was commissioned in his\\nstead. Enrique White became governor of\\nEast Florida in 1803, a man with deep preju-\\ndices against Americans. Nine years later\\nwe find Colonel Estrada acting as governor\\nuntil the arrival in June of Governor Kinde-\\nlan.\\nRepublic of West Florida. The contention of\\nSpain that the Government of Baton Rouge and the\\nMobile District were not included in Louisiana was\\nupheld by the French view of the case. But the United\\nStates stoutly insisted on her side of the question, and\\n183\\n1809\\n1812\\nJuly\\n1813\\nMay\\n1803\\n1812\\nJune", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "carried on negotiations for several years without avail.\\nFinally, when Spain was occupied in fighting Napo-\\nleon, the people of the Government of Baton Rouge\\naided by Americans, threw ofif her yoke, and declared\\nthemselves a free and independent State under the\\ntitle Republic of West Florida with a constitution\\nsimilar to that of the United States. A petition was\\nsent to Washington praying to be admitted\\n1810 into the Union. And after an existence of\\nOct. 27 one month, the Republic of West Florida\\nwas annexed to Louisiana, October 2^, 1810.\\nMobile District. In revenge for cruel treat-\\nment received from the Spaniards, the Kemper\\nbrothers, shortly after the organization of the Re-\\npublic of West Florida raised a body of troops for\\nthe purpose of taking Mobile, which was at this time\\nunder the command of Governor Folch. The news\\nof the invasion so frightened the governor that he\\noffered to surrender to the authorities at Washington.\\nBut the Kemper expedition came to grief. A number\\nof the men were captured and sent to Havana to be\\nimmured in Moro Castle and, besides, the Federal\\nauthorities despatched troops to Mobile to assist the\\nSpanish in the defense.\\nAfter the United States declared war against Eng-\\nland in 1812, fearing to leave the Mobile\\nI812 r f-\\ndistrict m the possession of Spam, a secret\\nally of England, she ordered General Wil-\\nQ. What was Mobile district Where did Pensacola\\nget the names of many of her streets? Name some of them.\\nMention the governors of West Florida. Give those of East\\nFlorida. How was Spain upheld by France? Give the\\nUnited States course of action.\\n184", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "kinson to occupy it with a force from New Or-\\nleans. Accordingly, with six hundred men\\n1813 he sailed to Mobile, and after a short parley\\nApril succeeded in inducing the Spanish command-\\n13 ant to surrender and retire to Pensacola.\\nThis was April 13, 1813.\\nFernandina. After the President of the United\\nStates (Jefferson) had forbidden intercourse with for-\\neign countries, Fernandina, on Amelia Island, and\\nnot far from the Georgia border, became not\\n1808 long after its occupation by the Spaniards in\\n1808 a port of free entry for foreign vessels,\\n1812 and in consequence as many as one hundred\\nand fifty square-rigged ships in its harbor at\\none time was no unusual occurrence. In 1812 its\\npopulation numbered about six hundred.\\nRepublic of Florida. Recognizing that England\\nwould be likely to seize Florida to make of it a basis\\nof operation during the coming war, Presi-\\n1811 dent Madison in 181 1 appointed Cblonel\\nJohn McKee and General Mathews, of\\nGeorgia, commissioners to negotiate with the Spanish\\nauthorities of Florida a friendly cession of the pro-\\nvinces, or if need be, fix a date for their return. If\\nsuccessful, they were to establish a provisional govern-\\nment. In case of failure, Congress, which was sit-\\nting in secret session at the passage of the bill author-\\nQ. Give an account of the rise of the Republic of West\\nFlorida Tell of its annexation to the United States. What\\nexpedition did the Kempers organize? What was done by\\nGovernor Folch? What became of the expedition? Why\\ndid the United States desire to occupy the Mobile district\\nTell of Wilkinson s expedition.\\ni8s", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "izing the President to act, declared that forcible pos-\\nsession should be taken, if there should be any reason\\nto suppose a foreign power intended to seize the Flor-\\nidas. In spite of every precaution to prevent these\\nnegotiations from getting abroad, the plans of the\\nUnited States became generally known.\\n1812 Many of the Georgia frontiersmen were anx-\\nious to make a descent on Florida, and con-\\ngregated on the banks of the St. Mary s. Here they\\nunited with the border settlers on the opposite side of\\nthe river, with whom they formed an independent\\nRepublic of Florida General John H. Mcintosh\\nwas elected president of the new republic, and Colonel\\nAshley, military chief.\\nCapture of Fernandina. Having determined to\\noccupy Fernandina and Amelia Island, General Ma-\\nthews sent nine warships into Fernandina harbor, on\\nthe pretense of protecting American shipping. He\\nalso made use of the patriot forces of the Republic of\\nFlorida who under Colonel Ashley approached the\\ntown in boats and sent to the commander, Don Jose\\nLopez, a summons to surrender. Don Jose\\n181 2 beholding the guns of nine ships of war\\nMarch trained on the town ready to back the de-\\n17 mands of the patriots, had no escape from\\nsurrendering. On the seventeenth day of\\nMarch, 1812, the articles of capitulation were signed.\\nQ. Give the Embargo Act in its relation to Fernandina.\\nWhat was that city s population in 1812? Why did Presi-\\ndent Madison appoint McKee and Mathews as commission-\\ners? In case of failure, what was to be done? When the\\ngovernment s plans became known, what course did the\\nGeorgia frontiersmen pursue? Give the officers of the new\\nrepublic.\\n186\\nI f", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "According to the Fifth Article Fernandina was\\nto remain a free port of entry for all vessels,\\nQ but, in case of war between the United States\\nJ and England, ships of the latter country\\nshould not enter after May i, 1813.\\nExpedition Against St. Augustine. On the day\\nafter the surrender Lieutenant Ridgeley of the United\\nStates Army was put in command of the patriot force.\\nColonel Ashley was then despatched with three hun-\\ndred men in the direction of St. Augustine, and pitched\\nhis camp at Fort Moosa, two miles distant, where he\\nwas joined by one hundred regulars under Colonel\\nSmith. William Craig, one of the former Spanish\\njudges, was here made commander in place of Colonel\\nAshley. The acting governor of East Florida,\\nColonel Estrada, feeling unable to attack the patriots\\nin open field, placed several cannon on a schooner,\\nfrom which he opened fire on the camp at Fort Moosa,\\nand thus compelled the invaders to retire to Pass Na-\\nvarro, a mile further away. Soon afterwards the ma-\\njority withdrew beyond the St. Johns, leaving only a\\nsmall guard at the Pass.\\nWhen the Spanish minister at Washington received\\ninformation of these proceedings on the part of the\\nUnited States forces, he remonstrated against the in-\\nvasion of the territory of a friendly power. The British\\nminister joined him in the remonstrance. General\\nQ. Give an account of General Mathews proceedings.\\nWhy did the commander of Fernandina surrender without a\\nfight? What did the fifth article of the surrender stipulate?\\nWho took command of the patriot forces? Tell of the camp\\nat Fort Moosa. Who succeeded Colonel Ashley? Relate\\nthe means employed by Colonel Estrada to rid himself of\\nthe invaders. Give their movements.\\n187", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "Mathews, the President declared, had gone beyond\\nhis instructions; he was therefore removed and his\\nplace filled by Governor Mitchell of Georgia, who had\\norders to restore the condition of afifairs before the\\ninvasion and assist Governor Estrada in securing\\norder.\\nTwelve-mile Swamp. The guard left by the\\npatriots at Pass Navarro suffered much from sickness,\\nand it became necessary to send a number of the men\\nback to the republic As these invalids were on\\ntheir way under the charge of a United States officer.\\nLieutenant Williams, a party of negroes from St.\\nAugustine fired on them from ambush at the Twelve-\\nmile Swamp, and killed and wounded several officers\\nand privates. A charge of the soldiers routed the\\nnegroes. Governor Mitchell at once ordered an ex-\\npedition against St. Augustine. In the\\n1 812 meantime, however. Governor Kindelan ar-\\nJune rived, and immediately demanded the with-\\ndrawal of Colonel Smith and his men, who,\\naccordingly retired to Davis Creek on the King s\\nRoad.\\nWar with Bowlegs and King Payne. In 1750\\na band of Creeks with their chief Secofifee migrated to\\nthe Alachua district. His two sons, King\\n1 81 2 Payne and Bowlegs, about 181 2, began to be\\ntroublesome because of their depredations on\\nthe planters, driving ofT cattle, and stealing slaves\\nQ. What remonstrance did the Spanish minister make?\\nHow did the President act? Give Governor Mitchell s\\norders. How did the men at Pass Navarro fare? Give an\\naccount of the ambuscade. What became of the camp?\\nWhat migration of Indians did Secoffee lead? How did\\nPayne and Bowlegs prove troublesome?\\n188", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "and were preparing to raid into Georgia. This in-\\nfluenced Colonel Newman to carry the war into\\nKing Payne s country. With only one hundred and\\nten patriots he marched one hundred miles through\\nin an almost unknown territory, until on the third day\\nnear Lake Pithlachocco, a few miles from Payne s\\ntown, the two brothers and one hundred and fifty fol-\\nlowers suddenly attacked them from a thick ham-\\nmock, where they were safe from the return fire. But\\na feigned flight drew them out. King Payne fought\\ngallantly from his powerful white charger, and fell\\nmortally wounded. The Indians then retired, but re-\\nturned under Bowlegs about sunset, and with fright-\\nful yells advanced up to the breastworks that had been\\nhastily erected. Several such charges were made be-\\nfore they finally gave up. On the night of the eighth\\nday the troops began a silent march, carrying the\\nwounded on litters, but they had not proceeded far\\nwhen they were overtaken by Bowlegs with fifty\\nSeminoles. A charge routed these. Breastworks\\nwere again constructed, and messengers sent for re-\\nlief, which arrived in the shape of sixteen horsemen,\\nafter the company had subsisted for several days on\\ntwo alligators that had been taken by a foraging\\nparty. In two days all reached Piccolata. Though\\nKing Payne s death put a stop to the preparations for\\nwar, small bands continued to burn and plunder. The\\npatriots retaliated on the Spanish settlers, so that in a\\nQ. On what did Colonel Newman determine? Give the\\nmarch of Colonel Newman. Describe the fight. Tell about\\nthe retreat of the patriots. How were they relieved? On\\nwhat had they lived for several days? Give the state of\\naffairs in East Florida.\\n189", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "short time there was scarcely a house in East Florida\\nthat had not been ransacked or burned.\\nWithdrawal of the United States Troops.\\nAbout 1 812 a party of Georgians under General Har-\\nris, carrying a surveyor, penetrated to the Alachua dis-\\ntrict, where they were all murdered by a roving band\\nof savages. The surveyor s notes, conveyed to George\\nI. F. Clarke, surveyor-general for the Spanish gov-\\nernment, formed the basis for the future land grants\\nin Alachua and Marion counties.\\nGovernor Mathews was superseded by General\\nPinckney, but no further operations were carried on,\\nalthough East Florida was virtually a conquered pro-\\nvince. The Spanish planters finally gave up\\n1813 in despair, and, leaving their plantations,\\nmoved to St. Augustine. However, a meas-\\nure of relief came in the spring of 1813 in the removal\\nof the American troops.\\nQ. Relate the fate of the party of Georgians who went to\\nthe Alachua district. What became of the suryeyor s notes?\\nWhat did the Spanish planters finally do? How did a meas-\\nure of relief come?\\n190", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV.\\nWAR OF 1812\u00e2\u0080\u0094 TECUMSEH S VISIT TO THE CREEKS\\nAND SEMINOLES\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PERCY AND NICHOLLS\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJACKSON AT PENSACOLA.\\nTecumseh s Visit to the Creeks and Seminoles.\\nIn the spring of 1812 Tecumseh, the great Shawnee\\nchief, was despatched by the British of Can-\\n181 2 ada to the Southern Indians for the purpose\\nof inciting them to war against the American\\nOct. frontier settlements. Among the Seminoles\\nhe met with success owing to the hostility\\nalready existing. In October he passed through the\\nCreeks on his way north, and visited their grand coun-\\ncil which was then being held by the Creek agent.\\nColonel Hawkins, at Tookabatcha, on the Tallapoosa.\\nTecumseh appeared each day in the assembly, but re-\\nfused to deliver his talk till Colonel Hawkins had\\ndeparted. Then he burst forth in a torrent of fiery\\neloquence for which he was famous, and exhorted his\\nhearers to return to the ways of their ancestors, not\\nto adopt the civilization of the white man. A prophet\\naccompanying Tecumseh spoke next, declaring that\\nthe Great Spirit would not allow harm to any Indian\\nwho should engage in war on the pale-face Americans,\\nQ. Why was Tecumseh sent to the southern Indians?\\nWhy was he successful among the Seminoles? Give an ac-\\ncount of his behavior at Tookabatcha. What did he exhort\\nhis hearers to do? What did the prophet declare? What had\\nthe British told him?\\n191", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "whom the earth would open and swallow, and that\\nthey should see the arm of Tecumseh stretched out in\\nthe clear heavens. The British had told him of a\\ncomet that was to appear, in order that he might de-\\nlude the southern Indians. Many new prophets were\\ninspired among the Creeks, one of them being the\\nfamous prophet Francis.\\nTecumseh travelled to all parts of the nation, and\\nmet with much success, although the Big Warrior re-\\nfused to take up arms. In his wrath the Shawnee chief,\\nstanding before him, cried, You do not believe the\\nGreat Spirit has sent me.\\nYou shall believe it. I will\\nleave directly, and go\\nstraight to Detroit. When\\nI get there I will stamp\\nmy foot upon the ground,\\nand shake down every\\n4iu\\\\Hp^^^^as^nH^^p .house in Tookabatcha\\nThe common Indians be-\\nlieved every word of this,\\nGEN. ANDREW JACKSON. j i i1 1\\nand when an earthquake\\ndid come after the departure of Tecumseh, they ran\\nout of their houses, shouting, Tecumseh has got to\\nDetroit Tecumseh has got to Detroit We feel\\nthe shake of his foot\\nThe Creek Nation Goes to War. After the de-\\nparture of Tecumseh, those who had accepted his\\ntalk began to dance the dance of the lakes which\\nhe had taught them. British agents at Pensacola fur-\\nnished them with arms. Civil war broke out in the\\nnation, since the war party regarded the others as\\ntraitors, and thought that if they could put the Big\\n192", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "Warrior and other influential chiefs out of the way, it\\nwould be an easy matter to rouse the whole nation to\\nwar against the American settlements. The Federal\\ntroops were called in. Fort Minis above Mobile,\\nfilled with women and children, was taken by surprise\\nby a thousand Creek warriors led by one William\\nWeatherford, a nephew of General Alexander McGil-\\nlivray, and though Weatherford himself opposed it,\\nevery person without distinction of age or sex was\\nmurdered and scalped. General Andrew Jackson\\nnow took the field, marching from Tennessee. In a\\nseries of battles culminating with the bloody fight at\\nHorse Shoe Bend, he so completely whipped the\\nCreek warriors that they never rallied for any serious\\nengagement thereafter. Hundreds of them\\n1814 fled to the swamps of Florida; others to Pen-\\nAug. 9 sacola, where they joined the British stan-\\ndard. Peace was made with the remnant of\\nthe Creek nation at Fort Jackson, August 9, 1814.\\nThis war is often spoken of as the war of the Red\\nSticks because Tecumseh gave to the warriors who\\nengaged in it a small red stick.\\nSurrender of Weatherford. The surrender of\\nWeatherford is so interesting, that it deserves to be\\nrelated. Jackson had directed that he should be cap-\\ntured at all hazards but Weatherford resolved to sur-\\nrender voluntarily. As he approached the general s\\ntent, the latter came running out, and exclaimed in a\\nQ. What famous prophet was inspired? Tell what Te-\\ncumseh said to the Big Warrior. How did the earthquake\\naffect the common Indians? What dance did the Creeks\\nbegin? Where did they obtain arms? Why did some wish\\nto put the Big Warrior out of the way? Tell about Fort\\nMims. Who now took the field against the Indians?\\n14 193", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "furious manner How dare you, sir, to ride up to my\\ntent, after having murdered the women and children\\nat Fort Mims! Weatherford rephed General\\nJackson, I am not afraid of you. I fear no man, for\\nI am a Creek warrior. I have nothing to request in\\nbehalf of myself; you can kill me, if you desire. But\\nI come to beg you to send for the women and children\\nof the war party, who are now starving in the woods.\\nTheir fields and cribs have been destroyed by your\\npeople, who have driven them to the woods without an\\near of corn. I hope that you will send out parties,\\nwho will safely conduct them here, in order that they\\nmay be fed. 1 exerted myself in vain to prevent the\\nmassacre of the women and children at Fort Mims.\\nI am now done fighting. The Red Sticks are nearly\\nall killed. If I could fight you any longer, I would\\nmost heartily do so. Send for the women and children.\\nThey never did you any harm. But kill me, if the\\nwhite people want it done.\\nMany of the persons gathered around the tent ex-\\nclaimed, Kill him! Kill him! Kill him! But\\nGeneral Jackson, in an emphatic tone, said, Any man\\nwho would kill as brave a man as this would rob the\\ndead Weatherford s life was spared, and he after-\\nwards became an excellent citizen of Alabama.\\nQ. Tell of Jackson s campaign. Where did the Creeks\\nflee? Why is this war spoken of as the war of the Red\\nSticks What orders had General Jackson given concern-\\ning Weatherford? What did Jackson do when Weatherford\\ncame in to surrender? What did Weatherford say concern-\\ning himself? of the Creek women and children? of his own\\nefforts at Fort Mims? Give the remainder of his speech.\\nGive Jackson s reply to those who wished to kill him. What\\nbecame of him?\\n194", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "British at Pensacola. Spain was at this time\\nweak, as well as hostile towards the United States,\\nso that she could not prevent the English from using\\nPensacola and Apalachicola Bay as points from which\\nto supply the Creeks with arms, and as posts at which\\nto rally the defeated Red Sticks. Jackson kept him-\\nself well informed through spies of these operations,\\nbut his remonstrance met with a denial from Mau-\\nrique. the governor at Pensacola, who at the same\\ntime justified British occupation by treaties which the\\nlatter had made with the Indians years before.\\nIn August, 1814, after General Jackson had gone\\nto Mobile, a British fleet of four ships, with two ten-\\nders, under the command of Captain William\\n1 814 Henry Percy, came into Pensacola Bay. On\\nAug. board were two or three hundred marines,\\ncommanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward\\nNicholls. The feeble Maurique handed over to Percy\\nand Nicholls San Carlos, the battery on Santa Rosa\\nIsland, and Fort St. Michael, over which the English\\nflag was once more hoisted. These commanders and\\na certain Captain Woodbine drilled Red Sticks in Bri-\\ntish uniform on the streets of Pensacola. A bounty\\nof ten dollars was ofifered for every scalp, and\\n1814 a proclamation was issued, calling on the citi-\\nzens of Kentucky and Louisiana to join the\\nstandard of their forefathers or remain neutral.\\nQ. What places in Florida did England make use of?\\nWhy did not Spain prevent her? How did Governor Mau-\\nrique answer Jackson s protest? What British force came\\ninto Pensacola Bay? What did Maurique hand over to\\nPercy and Nicholls? What bounty was ofifered? What\\nproclamation was issued?\\n195", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "Attack on Fort Bowyer. The first operation of\\nPercy and Nicholls was an attack on Fort Bowyer at\\nMobile Point, preparatory to an attempt on Mobile\\nitself. A force of Indians and British assailed the\\npost from the rear, while two brigs came into\\nSept. position before it, and opened fire from the\\n13, 15 bay. On the 13th and again on the 15th\\nthe garrison gallantly drove back the enemy,\\nand on the latter date destroyed Captain Percy s flag-\\nship, the Hermes; upon which the British gave up the\\nfight and retired.\\nJackson Moves on Pensacola. Before th\u00e2\u0082\u00ac attack\\non Fort Bowyer General Jackson wrote from Mobile\\nto Governor Maurique expostulating with him for\\nallowing the English forces to occupy the fortifications\\nof Pensacola. But the governor answered in an in-\\nsulting manner that Jackson should hear from him\\nshortly Pensacola now losing all claim to neu-\\ntrality, the American general decided to advance upon\\nit without delay, and drive out the British.\\nOct. Accordingly, he left Mobile for the upper\\ncountry, where by the last of October he\\narranged for supplies and gathered his men, three\\nthousand strong, augmented by a band of friendly\\nChoctaws. The line of march lay over the\\nNov. 6 old Indian trail that runs north from Pensa-\\ncola. By the 6th of November Jackson\\nQ. Give the first operation of Percy and Nicholls. Give\\nan account of the attack on Fort Bowyer. For what did Jack-\\nson expostulate with Maurique? Give Maurique s answer.\\nWhat did Jackson decide to do? How large was Jackson s\\nforce? What was the line of march? Tell what was done\\nwhen Jackson arrived.\\n196", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "pitched his camp within a mile and a half of the Span-\\nish fortifications, and despatched Major Pierre with a\\nflag of trnce hnt that ofificer was fired on as he ap-\\nproached Fort St. Michael. Afterwards, Major Pierre\\nsucceeded in carrying to Maurique a sum-\\n1814 mons to surrender to the Americans until\\na suf^cient Spanish force should arrive to he\\nable to preserve neutrality. The governor refused.\\nCapture of Pensacola. Reconnoitering to find\\nout the enemy s position and number, Jackson at once\\nformed his plan of attack. Captain Denkins with a\\nsmall force occupied old San Bernardo, which was\\nonce more pitted against its ancient antagonist. Dur-\\ning the night the general marched the remainder of his\\ntroops around the town, and in th^e morning advanced\\nfrom the east, drove the Spaniards from the two bat-\\nteries which opposed his progress, and received a sur-\\nrender at discretion from Maurique, who advanced to\\nmeet him, carrying a flag of truce. As the troops\\nmarched down the main street British marines fired\\non them from boats, but a brisk answer in the shape\\nof several volleys compelled them to take refuge on\\ntheir ships.\\nIn the evening the battery on Santa Rosa Island\\nwas blown up. Captain Sotto in command of Fort\\nSt. Michael refused at first to give up the\\nNov. 8 fort according to Maurique s inistructionjs,\\nbut preparations for an assault quickly\\nbrought him to terms. Next morning Jackson was\\nmaking preparations for an attack on San Carlos, or\\nBarrancas, which the governor refused to surrender,\\nwhen a tremendous explosion was heard in that di-\\nrection, announcing, as was afterwards learned, the\\n197", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "destruction of the fortress, and the departure of the\\nBritish. To make sure, the general despatched a\\ncompany of soldiers, who returned in the evening and\\nreported that the information was correct.\\nNov. 9 On the 9th, having blown up Fort St.\\n181 5 Michael, General Jackson set out for New\\nJan. 8 Orleans, where on January 8, 1815, he was to\\nfight the glorious Battle of New Orleans.\\nFort on the Apalachicola. Along with Percv\\nand Nicholls went their Indian allies and one hundred\\nnegroes belonging to the Spanish inhabitants\\n1814 of Pensacola. The two conmianders con-\\nveyed them to the Apalachicola, where they\\nbuilt for them a strong fort on the spot occupied at a\\nlater date by Fort Gadsden, in order that it might be a\\n])lace of refuge for runaway negroes and the fugitive\\nRed Sticks. Two large magazines were constructed\\nand filled with ammunition, and three thousand stand\\nof small arms were deposited there for the arming of\\nthe Indians and negroes for a war of extermination on\\nthe frontier settlements of southern Georgia and Ala-\\nbama.\\nMajor Blue Clears West Florida of Hostile\\nIndians. Between the capture of Pensacola and the\\nBattle of New Orleans, Major Blue scoured the coun-\\ntry around the Perdido River and Escambia and the\\nQ. How long was the surrender of Pensacola to last?\\nHow did Maurique receive the summons? What fort was\\noccupied? Give Jackson s movements. What did Maurique\\ndo? What became of the British? What battery was blown\\nup? How was Captain Sotto brought to terms? Why did\\nnot the Americans attack San Carlos? What fort did Jack-\\nson blow up?\\n198", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "other bays of West Florida, killing and capturing\\nmanv of the refugee Creeks. Those who were cap-\\ntured were sent with their wives aiid children to Fort\\nMontgomery. This expedition is a good example of\\nthe way the white man used the Indian to destroy\\nthe Indian, for with Major Blue were Choctaws, Chic-\\nasaws, and Creeks.\\nQ. Where did the American commander go? Who went\\nwith Percy and Nicholls? What fort did the English build?\\nFor what was it to be a place of refuge? What further was\\ndone there? What work was performed by Major Blue?\\nOf what is this expedition a good example?\\n199", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV.\\nREPUBLIC OF FLORIDA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SEMINOLE WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JACK-\\nSON INVADES THE FLORIDAS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ARBUTHNOT\\nAND AMBRISTER\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SECOND CAPTURE OF PEN-\\nSACOLA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RES-\\nTORATION TO SPAIN.\\nRepublic of Florida. It will be remembered\\nthat in 1812 the district between the St. Johns and St.\\nMary s Rivers was organized into a Republic of\\nFlorida The region below the latter river had long\\nbeen a refuge for worthless and desperate\\n1816 characters from Georgia; and as the new re-\\nAug. public could enforce no restraint on its mem-\\nbers, anarchy and licentiousness ruled un-\\nchecked. Even the honest, it is said, were forced to\\nprotect themselves by turning rogues. At last, in\\nAugust, 1816, George 1. F. Clarke, who has been men-\\ntioned as surveyor-general of East Florida, proposed\\nto the newly arrived Governor Coppinger a plan to\\nbring the republican district again under Spanish rule,\\nand reestablish order. The scheme was approved.\\nMr. Clarke met some forty of the patriots, and ap-\\npointed a time for a general meeting to be held at\\nWaterman s Bluff. On the day appointed, having\\ndrawn up a code of laws, he went to the place of meet-\\ning, where he found several hundred men assembled.\\nQ. What was the Republic of Florida What was the\\ncondition of affairs in the Republic What plan did\\nGeorge I. F. Clarke propose? What did he then do? Who\\nwere assembled to meet him?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "I tendered them, he says, a distribution into three\\ndistricts of all the territory lying between St. Johns\\nRiver and St. Mary s, with a magistrate s court and a\\ncompany of militia in each and those to be called\\nNassau. Upper and Lower St. Mary s; an election of\\nofficers from the mass of the people in each, without\\nallowing the candidates to ofTer themselves that the\\nofficers to be elected should be immediately commis-\\nsioned to enter on the functions of their offices and\\nthat all the past should be buried in total oblivion.\\nThese propositions were received by a general ex-\\npression of satisfaction and in a few hours the new\\ngovernment was organized and furnished with magis-\\ntrates. Governor Coppinger afterwards appointed\\nMr. Clarke general supervisor of the three districts.\\nFor five years this section of East Florida was the\\nbest regulated and most prosperous part of the whole\\nprovince. But in 1821 the government at\\n1 82 1 St. Augustine having united the three dis-\\ntricts into one and joined them to East Flor-\\nida with a central government in the city just men-\\ntioned, the inhabitants considered that their consti-\\ntutional rights had been interfered with, and peti-\\ntioned the government but before anything could be\\naccomplished Spain parted with her Florida posses-\\nsions to the United States.\\nDestruction of Fort on the Apalachicola.\\nEven after the close of the War of 181 2 British agents\\ncontinued to incite the Seminoles to commit depreda-\\ntions on the lower Georgia and Alabama settlements.\\nAnd the fort built by Percy and Nicholls on the Apa-\\nlachicola became an obstruction to navigation. This\\n201\\n1", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "refuge for Indians and for fugitive slaves went by the\\nname of the Negro Fort, and was under the\\n1816 command of a negro, by name Garcia. In\\nAug. August, 1816, Colonel Clinch, one hundred\\nand fifty miles up the river at Fort Crawford\\nwas notified that supplies were to be conveyed up the\\nriver to him and that in case opposition was made by\\nthe Negro Fort to the navigation of the stream, it\\nshould be reduced. Learning of the arrival of the pro-\\nvisions at Apalachicola Bay, Colonel Clinch set out\\ndown the river with one hundred and sixteen men.\\nOn the way he was joined by a band of Creeks who\\nwere marching to attack the fort, and another body\\nof these warriors increased his force the next day.\\nFrom a prisoner he learned that Midshipman Lufif-\\nborough and four men had been sent from the trans-\\nports into the river after fresh water, and that, attacked\\nby the Seminoles, only one man of them had escaped.\\nA part of the Indian allies were stationed near the\\nfort to keep up an harassing fire and shut ofif com-\\nmunication with the outside world, a second\\nAug. body, with a detachment of American troops\\n24 went to the rear of the fort, and on the oppo-\\nsite bank of the river a battery was stationed,\\nbelow Avhich the gunboats took position, coming up\\nfrom the bay. Over the fort floated a red flag, the\\nBritish Jack waving above it. The garrison opened\\nQ. Mention some things Mr. Clarke tendered them. How\\nsoon were the new ofificers to begin their duties? How were\\nthese propositions received? To what office was Mr. Clarke\\nappointed? What was the condition of this section? What\\nwas done with this section in 1821? What did British agents\\nincite the Seminoles to commit? To what did the negro fort\\nbecome an obstruction?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "fire at once, l)ut so effectively was it answered that at\\nthe fiftli discharge a liot-shot struck one of the maga-\\nzines, exploding it, and l)lowing up the fort, which be-\\nsides one hundred warriors contained two hundred\\nwomen and children. Not over fifty escaped the ex-\\nplosion. Garcia and an outlawed Choctaw chief were\\ntried by the friendly Indians and condemned to death\\nfor the murder of Midshipman Luf^borough and his\\ncompanions. The vSpanish negroes were handed over\\nto the Spanish agent, and Colonel Clinch took charge\\nof the slaves who were runaways from American own-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ers. One hundred and sixty barrels of powder were\\nsecured from the uninjured magazine, besides prop-\\nerty to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars.\\nIndependent Flag at Fernandina. About\\nthe middle of 1817 an adventurer, Gregor McGregor,\\nwho had fought against Spain in South\\n1817 America, landed on Amelia Island with a\\nband of filibusters gathered mainly from the\\nStates. Don Francisco de Morales, the commandant\\nof the island, surrendered. MacGregor then declared\\nthe whole coast of Florida under blockade, and pom-\\npously assured his men that he would soon plant the\\nGreen Cross of Florida on the proud walls of St.\\nAugustine He attempted without success to excite\\nto arms the patriots of the former Republic of Florida.\\nA Spanish expedition from St. Augustine failed to\\ndrive him from Amelia Island. As he had not met\\nQ. Who commanded at Negro Fort? Of what was\\nColonel Clinch notified? Tell of his march. Tell of Mid-\\nshipman Luffborough and his men. Give the arrangement\\nof Colonel Clinch s forces. What flags waved over the forts?\\nHow was the fort blown up? How many persons were in\\nthe fort? What became of Garcia? of the negro slaves?\\n203", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "with the desired success, he sailed to the Bahama\\nIslands for men and money. During his absence R.\\nHubbard, late sheriff of New York City, acted as gov-\\nernor, but was compelled to give way to another ad-\\nventurer, Louis Aury, who had been operating at\\nMatagorda under the flag of Mexico. He lowered\\nthe Green Cross of Florida and raised the standard\\nof Mexico; but at this juncture American troops ar-\\nrived and took possession of the island for the king of\\nSpain.\\nFirst Seminole War Begins. The destruction of\\nthe negro fort in 1816 did not put an end to the pre-\\ndatory expeditions of the Seminoles. War, however,\\ndid not actually begin till the fall of the following year,\\nwhen Colonel Twiggs attacked Fowlton, a Seminole\\nvillage just above the Georgia line. At once the In-\\ndians began to wreak revenge. Of the many\\nbloody massacres the most horrible was that of Lieu-\\ntenant Scott arid his command as they were ascending\\nthe Apalachicola. Just as the boats of the party\\npassed the thickest part of a swamp which lined the\\nriver banks, a fierce fire from the concealed Indians\\nburst forth on the doomed men and women, forty-six\\nin number, besides five children. Only five escaped,\\none woman spared by her captors, and four men who\\nswam to the opposite shore.\\nJackson in East Florida. Jackson was at this\\nQ. What property was secured? Who landed on Amelia\\nIsland in 1817? What did he declare? Of what did he\\nassure his men? Whom did he attempt to excite to arms?\\nWhere did he sail? Tell of Hubbard and Aury. Who took\\npossession for the king of Spain? How did the first war\\nwith the Seminoles begin?\\n204", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "time in Tennessee. The United States government\\nordered him and General Gaines to proceed\\n1818 against the Seminoles with eight hundred\\nregular troops and one thousand militia, to\\nbe increased if necessary, by requisitions on the gov-\\nernors of the neighboring States. Jackson issued a\\ncircular to his friends in Tennessee, who at once joined\\nhim to the number of one thousand. With these, aug-\\nmented by five hundred regulars, and about two thous-\\nand friendly Indians, he invaded the Seminole fast-\\nnesses in East Florida, and in a campaign of six weeks\\ncompletely. crushed the hostile warriors. The Micco-\\nsukee towns were first destroyed. Here three hun-\\ndred scalps of men, women, and children, fifty of them\\nfresh from the heads of the victims, were found dang-\\nling from a red war pole. Then the Fowl towns were\\ndestroyed in a rapid march. From these Jackson\\nsuddenly descended on St. Marks, since he heard that\\nSpanish agents at this place were instigating the Semi-\\nnoles to hostilities, and notwithstanding its strong\\nfortifications the town surrendered without a struggle.\\nAlexander Arbuthnot, a Scotch trader and friend of\\nthe Indians, was arrested at the gate of the fort.\\nFrancis the Prophet: Malee His Daughter.\\nBy means of a vessel flying the British fiag, Jackson\\nQ captured the Prophet Francis, one of the\\nleaders of the Creek War of 1813-14. Fran-\\nQ. Give an account of the massacre of Lieutenant Scott\\nand his command. Who were ordered to march against the\\nIndians? How did Jackson raise troops? Give his whole\\nforce. How long was his campaign? What towns were first\\ndestroyed? What was found here? Give Jackson s further\\nmovements. Who was arrested at St. Marks?\\n205", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "cis had just returned from London, where he\\nreceived many presents, and was commissioned a\\nbrigadier-general but incautiously venturing on\\nboard the supposed English vessel, he was taken, and\\nhanged with his commission on his person. Malee,\\nhis daughter, came near falling into the same trap.\\nBut her suspicions were aroused in time, and turning\\nher canoe to the shore, she disappeared safely into the\\nwoods, though a hail of canister shot rained on every\\nside.\\nThere is a beautiful story told of this Indian maid,\\nsimilar to the tale of Pocahontas in Virg-inia. Not\\nlong before the capture of Francis, a young Georgian,\\nnamed Duncan McRimmon, fell into his hands, and\\nwas bound to a stake, with fagots piled around him,\\nready to be lighted by the torch, when Malee rushed\\nforward and plead with her father to spare the white\\nyouth. She succeeded. McRimmon was sent to St.\\nMarks, and by a strange fatality was on the decoy\\nvessel when Francis arrived. After the war had\\nended, the young Georgian sought out Malee, and,\\nthough refused several times, finally won her for his\\nbride, who had once preserved his life.\\nArbuthnot and Ambrister. a raid march from\\nSt. Marks brought Jackson to the Suwannee. Here he\\ndispersed a large number of Indians, and made many\\nprisoners, among them Robert Ambrister, once a sol-\\ndier in NichoUs command. If either Alexander Ar-\\nQ. Tell of the Prophet Francis. Relate the escape of his\\ndaughter. Give the story of McRimmon s rescue. Where\\nwas he at the capture of Francis? What became of Malee?\\nWhere did General Jackson go from St. Marks? What\\nprisoner was captured? What is to be said of the innocence\\nof Arbuthnot and Ambrister?\\n206", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "buthnot or Robert Ambrister was innocent of the\\ncharge of aiding and abetting the enemy,\\n1818 it was the former, whose counsel, according\\nto the evidence, had been for peace. Robert\\nAmbrister confessed to having given the Indians ad-\\nvice and assistance. In his impulsive way Jackson\\nhanged both, though the court had changed the sen-\\ntence of the latter to fifty stripes and confinement\\nwith a ball and chain at hard labor for twelve\\nmonths\\nGeneral Jackson afterwards received severe censure\\nfor this act of his Seminole campaign.\\nInvasion of West Florida. Hearing that the\\nSpaniards of Pensacola were in sympathy with the\\nenemy, the American commander resolved\\nIMay 10 to repeat the lesson of 18 14. On the loth of\\n^May he crossed the Apalachicola, and\\nmarched along the trail that leads over the natural\\nbridge of the Chipola River. Jackson himself passed\\nover the bridge, but a large division of his army made\\na circuit, and having thus to cross the river, were much\\ndelayed, which worked the general into a frenzy. At\\nfirst he refused to believe that they had been retarded\\nby a river, but was restored to good humor when in-\\nformed by the guides of the existence of the natural\\nbridge. In a cave beneath this the Indians\\nMay 23 west of the Apalachicola were concealed,\\n1816-18 fearful and trembling, as Jackson marched\\nabove their heads. By the 23rd the Ameri-\\ncans crossed the Escambia. A courier from Don Jose\\nMasot (1816-1818), successor to Governor Maurique,\\nmet Jackson here with a written protest requiring him\\nto retire from the Province otherwise force would\\n207", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "be used to expel him. The general marched all the\\nfaster. By the evening of the same day the army was\\nin possession of Fort St. Michael, and encamped\\naround it. Don Jose Masot hurriedly with-\\n1818 drew to San Carlos with most of his troops,\\nleaving a few men at Pensacola under com-\\nmand of Lieutenant-Colonel Don Luis Piedmas. Upon\\nJackson s summons to surrender, the governor re-\\nferred him to Colonel Piedmas for Pensacola, but for\\nBarrancas he replied This fortress I am resolved to\\ndefend to the last extremity. I shall repel force by\\nforce, and he who resists aggression can never be con-\\nsidered an aggressor. God preserve your excellency\\nmany years. By arrangement Colonel Piedmas gave\\nup Pensacola.\\nSan Carlos Defended to the Last Extrem-\\nity. General Jackson, anxious to avoid bloodshed,\\nsent Masot another summons to surrender.\\nMay 25 hinting at the folly of resisting an overwhelm-\\ning force. In the evening the American\\narmy invested San Carlos, and at midnight its batter-\\nies were planted within four hundred yards of the fort.\\nThe refusal of a third demand to give up was the sig-\\nnal for the firing to begin, which continued until even-\\ning, when a truce was agreed on and on the next day\\narticles of capitulation were signed, to the effect that\\nthe troops should march out with honors of war and\\nbe conveyed to Havana. Don Jose Masot as much as\\nQ. To what did Ambrister confess? What did Jackson\\ndo with these two prisoners? How was this act of his re-\\nceived? Why did he march on to Pensacola? Tell the story\\nabout the natural bridge. What protest did Governor Masot\\nsend to General Jackson? What effect did it have?\\n208", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "gave up to the United States the complete possession\\nof West Florida.\\nTiie Teggy. As Governor Masot was shortly after-\\nwards voyaging to Havana on the cartel Peggy he\\nwas overhauled by one of the craft sailing under the\\nIndependent Flag of Spain s revolted colonies in\\nSouth America. Inasmuch as the Peggy was an\\nAmerican vessel, she was not held as a prize. But the\\nSpanish passengers were plundered of their valuables,\\nAlasot himself losing eight thousand dollars.\\nProvisional Government. The American com-\\nmander now appointed Colonel King civil and mili-\\ntary governor of West Florida and Captain\\n]8i8 Gadsden collector of the port of Pensacola,\\nextended the civil laws over the province,\\nand provided for the preservation of the archives and\\ngovernment property. The provisional government\\nthus established was to last until Spain could furnish\\na suflficient military force to execute the obligations of\\nexisting treaties This done. General Jackson re-\\nturned to Tennessee to seek needed repose.\\nCensure of Jackson s Conduct. Success always\\nreceives praise, and Jackson s friends now commended\\nhim highly for the swiftness and despatch with which\\nhe had brought the Seminole War to an end. But,\\non the other hand, severe censure was passed on his\\nproceedings, and a committee of the United States\\nQ. How did Masot act? Give the reply to Jackson s\\nsummons to surrender. Who surrendered Pensacola? Why\\nwas another summons sent to Masot? What can you tell\\nabout the capture of San Carlos? Give the articles of capitu-\\nlation. What did Masot give up? Relate the incident of\\nthe Peggy\\n15 209", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "Senate to investigate the occurrences of the war con-\\ndemned all his acts, especially the capture of St. Marks\\nand Pensacola and the hanging of Arbuthnot and Am-\\nbrister. An unsuccessful attempt was made to fasten\\non him a land scandal, namely, that he had been guilty\\nof assisting certain speculators to purchase land at\\nPensacola previous to the war. Nothing, however,\\ncame of this.\\nRetransfer to Spain. Though Congress did not\\nexpressly disavow Jackson s conduct, yet it held itself\\nready t6 return West Florida to Spain, whenever a\\nforce appeared to occupy Pensacola. Such a force\\nappearing in September, 1819, the Americans at once\\nevacuated Pensacola and Barrancas. A treaty had\\nalready been made for the purchase of the Floridas\\nby the United States, and had been ratified by the Sen-\\nate, though not by the Spanish government; so it\\nseems that the arrival of a Spanish governor and army\\nwas for the purpose of avoiding any appearance of\\nbeing forced to give up the provinces.\\nGovernors of the Two Floridas. In East Flor-\\nida Governor Kindelan was superseded about\\n1 81 6 the middle of 181 6 by Don Jose Coppinger,\\nwho continued in office until he handed over\\n1 82 1 the province to Colonel Butler, of the United\\nJuly 10 States Army, July 10, 1821. Don Jose Ma-\\nsot succeeded Governor Maurique in the\\nQ. How was a provisional government established? How\\nlong was this government to last? How was General Jack-\\nson s conduct received in the United States? What scandal\\ndid some attempt to fasten on him? What was the course\\nof action of Congress? How long did the provisional gov-\\nernment continue?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "command of West Florida, November, 1816, and\\nwas expelled by General Andrew Jack-\\nson, May, 181 8. The provisional governor,\\n1818 Colonel King, retired to make way for the\\nMay new Spanish governor, September, 1819.\\nDon Jose Maria Callava was the name of the\\n1 819 latter, a knight who had won the cross of\\nSept. the military order of Hermenegildo in the\\nPeninsula campaign. On the 17th of July,\\n1 82 1 1821, General Jackson received from Gov-\\nJwly 17 ernor Callava the surrender of West Florida,\\nthe last vestige of Spanish authority in the\\npeninsula claimed by Spain in virtue of Ponce de\\nLeon s discovery, March 27, 15 13.\\nQ. For what purpose did the arrival of the Spanish seem\\nto be? Who succeeded Governor Kindelan in East Florida?\\nGive the governors in West Florida after Maurique. When\\ndid Spain give up the last vestige of her authority in Florida?\\n211", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI.\\nPURCHASE OF THE FLORIDAS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JACKSON AP-\\nPOINTED PROVISIONAL GOVERNOR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 TERRI-\\nTORIAL GOVERNMENT.\\nNegotiations for Florida. In 1816 Monroe, at\\nthat time Secretary of State, suggested to the Spanish\\nambassador, Don Onis, the exchange of the\\n1 81 6 Floridas for a part of Louisiana lying next\\nto Texas. Nothing came of this proposi-\\n181 7 tion. During the next year Monroe, having\\nnow become President, proposed that Spain\\nshould cede the provinces to the United States in set-\\ntlement of the claims of the citizens of the latter gov-\\nernment arising from losses inflicted by Indians dwel-\\nling on Spanish territory. A lengthy correspondence\\nensued between Don Onis and John Quincy Adams,\\nSecretary of State but again nothing resulted. The\\noperations of Jackson did more to hurry on the nego-\\ntiations than all the diplomacy at Washington, or at\\nMadrid, for they proved clearly to Spain that to pro-\\ntect her territory and keep the Indians in check would\\nrequire a large military force in the Floridas and would\\nresult in great expense, if she wished to abide by\\ntreaty obligations.\\nQ. What suggestion did Monroe make in 1816? What\\ndid he propose the following year? What was the result?\\nHow were the negotiations hurried on? What did Jackson\\nprove to Spain? Where was the treaty of cession made?\\n2X2", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "While Jackson s campaign in Florida was under\\ndiscussion in Congress Don Onis received\\n1819 instructions from his home government, and\\nFeb. reopened negotiations, which resulted finally\\n22, in Adams and Onis signing a treaty of ces-\\nsion, February 22, 1819.\\nTreaty. Of the sixteen articles comprising the\\ntreaty the second related to the cession of East and\\nWest Florida, with all public property the fifth\\ngranted freedom of religious worship; the sixth re-\\nlated to the admittance of Spanish subjects to all the\\nrights and privileges of citizens of the United States\\nthe seventh stipulated that the latter convey to Havana\\nthe Spanish troops, who were to withdraw within six\\nmonths. The eighth article guaranteed that, All the\\ngrants of land made before the 24th of January, 18 18,\\nby his Catholic majesty, or by his lawful authorities\\nin the said territories, ceded by his majesty to the\\nUnited States, shall be ratified and confirmed to the\\npersons in possession of the lands, to the same ex-\\ntent that the same grants would be valid, if the terri-\\ntories had remained under the dominion of his Catho-\\nlic majesty All grants made since the said\\n24th of January, 181 8, when the first proposal on the\\npart of his Catholic majesty for the cession of the\\nFloridas was made, are hereby declared, and agreed to\\nbe, null and void By the ninth article both powers\\nagreed to relinquish the claims of the citizens of each\\nagainst the other but the United States was to pay\\nfor damages to private property in Jackson s cam-\\npaign. According to the eleventh article the United\\nStates agreed to make satisfaction to her own citizens\\nfor their claims on Spain, to an amount not exceeding\\n213", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "five millions of dollars.* Spanish vessels were by the\\nfifteenth article to enter the ports of Pensacola and\\nSt. Augustine for twelve years without paying the\\nduties exacted of foreign ships, provided they were\\ncarrying cargoes of Spanish goods or productions.\\nThe sixteenth article stipulated that the treaty should\\nbe ratified by both powers within six months, or\\nsooner, if possible.\\nRatification of the Treaty. Ratification of the\\ntreaty by the Senate of the United States occurred\\nimmediately, but ^pain hesitated. Much\\n1819 feeling was aroused, for it was feared in\\nFeb. America that foreign powers were opposed\\n25 to the annexation but when the President\\nannounced that Spain s course was not ap-\\n1820 proved by any European power, public\\nMar. 8 opinion manifested itself in a resolution re-\\nported March 8, 1820, to take possession of\\n1820 West Florida. But wiser counsel prevailed,\\nOct. 24 and after much correspondence the king of\\nSpain signed the treaty on the 24th of Octo-\\nber, 1820.\\nLand Grants. Since 1793 several royal orders\\nhad come out from Spain authorizing the governors\\nto grant land to settlers on condition of some public\\nservice or actual occupation. Numerous tracts were\\nthus apportioned in the northwestern part of the State\\nQ. To what did the second article of the treaty relate?\\nthe fifth and sixth? the seventh? What did the eighth article\\nguarantee? What was agreed on in the ninth article? in the\\neleventh? How much did Florida actually cost? What was\\nstipulated in the fifteenth article?\\nThe actual sum paid was $6,489,768.\\n214", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "and between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic\\nOcean, as well as more scattered grants in other por-\\ntions. These were in some instances extensive, as the\\nArredondo grant in Alachua district, and that of Mi-\\nranda on Tampa Bay. Forbes Purchase was a large\\ntract lying on the eastern bank of the Apalachicola,\\nobtained by purchase from the Indians, with the con-\\nsent of Spain. According to the eighth article of the\\ntreaty, all grants of land made before the 24th of\\nJanuary, 1818 were to be valid; but after the treaty\\nliad been signed by Adams and Onis, it was found that\\nSpain insisted on the validity of the grants of the Duke\\nof Alagon, the Count of Pufion Rostro, and Don Pe-\\ndro de Vargas, which comprised nearly all the terri-\\ntory not hitherto apportioned in East and West Flor-\\nida. On the contention of the United States that her\\nplenipotentiary had signed the treaty with the under-\\nstanding that these grants were to be considered can-\\ncelled, the king of Spain added a clause nullifying the\\ntitles.\\nThe lack of precision in the titles and in the sur-\\nveying of the original grants afterwards caused much\\ntrouble to settlers. But the greatest hardships en-\\ndured were those of claimants for damages, which\\nthe United States was to pay on behalf of Spain. After\\nthirty years they were paid. The total cost of Florida\\nhas been $6,489,768 and 59,268 square miles of terri-\\ntory were added to the national public domain.\\nQ. What was the final article? How soon was the treaty\\nratified? Why was feeling aroused? What resolution was\\nreported? When did the King of Spain sign the treaty?\\nGive an account of lands granted by the Spanish governors.\\nWhat was the Forbes Purchase? What grants were to be\\nvalid?\\n215", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "Alabama Wishes to Annex West Florida. The\\nconstitutional convention of Alabama in 1820 peti-\\ntioned Congress to annex West Florida to\\n1820 that State, to which by nature it belongs.\\nBut they were silenced, as if by the imperi-\\nous decree of fate that the Perdido boundary should\\nbe, and forever remain, a monument of d Arriola s\\ndiligence in reaching the Gulf coast three years (1696)\\nbefore d Iberville (1699). Attempts have been made\\nin recent years to complete what the Alabama conven-\\ntion of 1820 proposed, but without success.\\nJackson Governor Transfer of the Floridas.\\nAs if to atone for the criticism and censure Jackson\\nunderwent on account of his campaign of 1818, the\\nPresident appointed him provisional governor of the\\ntwo Floridas until a territorial government should be\\nformed. This can be the only explanation of his ac-\\ncepting the post of governor of an unimportant terri-\\ntory. He accepted the ofTer as an atonement for his\\npast wrongs.\\nThe transfer of the two provinces was to take place\\nat St. Augustine, July 10, 1821, for East\\n1 82 1 Florida, at Pensacola seven days later, for\\nJuly West Florida. General and Mrs. Jackson\\n10, 17 arrived at Pensacola several days before the\\ndate appointed for the change of flags and in\\nQ. What was discovered after the treaty was signed? How\\nmuch land did these grants comprise? Why did the King\\nof Spain nullify them? What caused trouble to the settlers?\\nHow many years did it take the United States to pay? How\\nmany square miles of land in Florida? Tell of Alabama s\\npetition to Congress. Who was appointed to the office of\\ngovernor over the new territory?\\n216", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "their train followed numerous office-seekers, who were,\\nhowever, doomed to disappointment, as the\\nJuly President, and not General Jackson, made the\\n17 appointments. On the morning of the 17th\\nJackson and Governor Callava signed the\\npaper delivering to the United States the province of\\nWest Florida, with all government property and the\\npublic archives. A similar ceremony had been per-\\nformed at St. Augustine seven days before this, Don\\nJose Coppinger acting for Spain, and Colonel Robert\\nButler for the United States. There was here a dififer-\\nence of opinion as to whether artillery was to be con-\\nsidered public property, and whether public archives\\nrelating to private property should be surrendered.\\nEach commissioner laid the case before his own gov-\\nernment. Part of the archives carried to Havana\\nwere afterwards brought back.\\nThe military and such of the citizens as did not wish\\nto remain left immediately for Cuba on American ves-\\nsels. But Callava and his staff lingered to enjoy the\\nhospitality of the American officers and their families,\\nwhich was interrupted in an unfortunate manner.\\nViDAL Affair. A paper involving a small sum\\nbelonging to a certain Nicolas Vidal, accidentally be-\\ncame mixed with the documents to be carried away\\nQ. Why did Jackson accept the office? What were the\\ndates of the transfer? Who followed in General Jackson s\\ntrain? How were they disappointed? Tell about the trans-\\nfer of West and East Florida. What difficulty was met in\\nEast Florida? Where did the Spaniards go? Who re-\\nmained behind? What paper became mixed with the docu-\\nments of Callava?\\n217", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "by Callava. A woman claiming to be Vidal s heir\\nappealed to Alcalde Brackenridge, and the\\n1821 latter at once demanded the paper from Do-\\nmingo Sousa, Callava s agent, who referred\\nhim to his principal. Brackenridge, however, re-\\nported the case to Jackson. The general at once or-\\ndered Sousa imprisoned, and Callava brought before\\nhim, who, protesting against the outrage, was sent\\nafter his agent by the now furious governor. In the\\nmeantime the alcalde broke open the Spaniard s boxes,\\nand secured the offending paper. Next day the pris-\\noners were released, when Callava proceeded to Wash-\\nington to lay the case before the authorities. Some\\nof the Spanish officers in Pensacola published a pro-\\ntest against the outrage, and tiiis led the governor to\\nissue a proclamation ordering them to quit the pro-\\nvince within four days, as disturbers of the peace.\\nJackson and the Fire. The course of the new\\ngovernor inspired the citizens of Pensacola with dread\\nof his temper. In consequence an amusing incident\\noccurred one day. Quite a crowd had collected on\\nthe Public Square to witness a fire, and Jackson, to\\nurge on those who w-ere trying to extinguish it, made\\na yelling appeal but to his amazement the whole\\ncrowd fled. Not understanding his language, they\\nimagined that he was ordering them to disperse, and\\nso took to their heels.\\nQ. Tell about Brackenridge s conduct. How did General\\nJackson act? Give Callava s conduct and that of certain\\nSpanish officers. What proclamation did Jackson issue?\\nRelate the story of the fire.\\n218", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "Departure of Jackson. Mrs. Jackson yearned\\nto return to her home at the Hermitage, and\\n1 82 1 it was with gladness that she wrote to a\\nOct. friend that her husband regarded his trip to\\nFlorida as a wild goose chase Their re-\\nturn to Tennessee took place in October.\\nTerritorial Government. Military government\\nremained in force till the 3rd of March, 1822, when an\\nact of Congress created civil authority. East Florida\\nand West Florida were united, with as yet no fixed\\ncapital. Jackson had already attempted to make a\\nmore equal division of the two Floridas by extending\\nthe eastern boundary of West Florida to the Suwanee\\nRiver. The governor, who was to be appointed by\\nthe President, was to be assisted by a council of thir-\\nteen of the most discreet men of the territory. His\\nsalary was to be two thousand five hundred dollars.\\nJudges, two in number, one for East and the other for\\nWest Florida, were paid a salary of fifteen hundred\\nvlollars. Members of the council received three dol-\\nlars per day during attendance, to which was added\\nmileage. Local officers were placed under the power\\nof appointment of the governor, who was himself com-\\nman3er-in-chief of the militia of the territory and\\nsuperintendent of Indian afifairs. Laws relating to\\ncrime, commerce, and navigation were also enacted.\\nWilliam P. Duval, of Kentucky, was commissioned\\nby the President first governor of the territory of\\nQ. How did Mrs. Jackson write that her husband re-\\ngarded his trip to Florida? How long was he in Florida?\\nWhen was civil government established? Give the changes\\nin East and West Florida. How was the governor to be\\nassisted? What was the salary of the judges and of the\\nmembers of council? What powers did the governor have?\\n219", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "Florida. The first session of the legislative coim-\\ncil was held in 1822 at Pensacola; but, yellow\\nfever breaking out, it was transferred to the\\nFifteen-mile house, fifteen miles north of the town,\\nwhere the Florida statutes of 1822 were enacted. Civil\\nproceedings, marriages, wills, militia, reve-\\n1823 nue, etc., were regulated by these ordinances.\\nSt. Augustine was designated as the second\\nplace of meeting, for 1823.\\nWilliam P. Duval. Governor William P. Duval\\nwas born in Virginia in 1784 of Huguenot family, his\\ngreat-grandfather having emigrated from\\n1784 France. His grandfather was a member of\\nthe Virginia House of Burgesses, and his\\nfather was a major in the Revolutionary War. As a\\nboy, William moved to Kentucky, studied law, and\\nlater was sent to Congress in 1812, serving till March\\n2, 1815, after which he practiced law in his adopted\\nState. President Monroe appointed him governor of\\nFlorida in 1822, and he was continued in\\n1854 office by succeeding presidents till 1834. In\\n1848 Governor Duval moved to Texas. Six\\nyears later a paralytic stroke brought on his death,\\nwhile he was visiting in Washington. James K.\\nPaulding has portrayed him in fiction as Nimrod\\nWildfire and Washington Irving as Ralph Ring-\\nwood\\nQ. Who was the first governor of Florida Territory?\\nWhere was the first meeting of the legislative council held?\\nthe second? Tell of Governor Duval s family. Tell of his\\nown early life. How long was he governor of Florida? Tell\\nof his death. How has he been portrayed in fiction?\\n220", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "GOV. WILLIAM P. DUVAL: 1822-34.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII.\\nFLORIDA AS A TERRITORY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SITE OF THE CAPI-\\nTAL\u00e2\u0080\u0094GROWTH\u00e2\u0080\u0094BANKS\u00e2\u0080\u0094TROUBLE WITH THE\\nINDIANS.\\nSfxond Session of Council Change in Gov-\\nernment. According to the decree of Congress the\\nsecond session of the legislative council was\\n1823 held in May, 1823, at some place other than\\nMay Pensacola. St. Augustine in East Florida\\nwas selected as place of meeting. On this\\noccasion the council appointed Dr. William H. Sim-\\nmons of St. Augustine and John Lee Williams of Pen-\\nsacola commissioners to select a site for a permanent\\ncapital.\\nBy an act approved March 3, 1823, Congress\\namended the act of the preceding year, repealing cer-\\ntain ordinances of the council and regulating the civil\\ngovernment to suit better the requirements of the ter-\\ntitory.\\nTallahassee. After examination the commis-\\nsioners, Simmons and Williams, selected as a site for\\nthe State capital the old Indian fields at the former\\nSeminole town of Tallahassee (old touni), a name that\\nwas retained to swell the list of harmonious titles of\\nQ. Where was the second meeting of the legislative coun-\\ncil held? What commission was appointed? Where did the\\ncommissioners select the site of the capital? What does Tal-\\nlahassee mean? When was the first meeting of the council\\nlield at Tallahassee?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "towns and streams and lakes, almost the only relics of\\nthe former inhabitants of the flowery land. Near\\nTallahassee there was then a beautiful cascade, which\\nhas since disappeared. The choice of the commis-\\nsioners was approved by the council, and the\\n1824 first meeting of that body at Tallahassee was\\nDec. held in December, 1824, it is said, in a log\\n21 cabin in the southeastern corner of the\\ngrounds around the present capital. This\\nlatter building was erected by the United States in\\n1844 at a cost of eighty-five thousand dollars.\\nGrant of a Township of Land to Lafayette.\\nDuring Lafayette s visit to America in 1824 Congress\\nvoted the great Frenchman the sum of two\\n1824 hundred thousand dollars and a grant of a\\ntownship of land from the public domain, in\\n1825 return for his assistance during the Revolu-\\ntionary War. A notice from the Pensacola\\nGazette of the following year states that Colonel\\nMcKe\u00e2\u0082\u00ac had arrived in town on his way to select the\\nland. The township selected lay in Jefferson county,\\nat no great distance from the capital of the territory.\\nGrowth of the Territory. Immigration flowed\\nin rapidly from the Southern States, from the Bahama\\nIslands, and even from the North Atlantic States, es-\\npecially to the northern part of East Florida. But a\\ngreat drawback to settlement was the hostility of the\\nSeminoles, who had in Spanish times occupied the two\\nFloridas, except only a small part of the land along\\nthe coast. However, a number of towns sprang\\nrapidly into existence.\\nPalatka was founded in 1821 by James Marver and\\ntwo other men, Hines and Woodruff, who established\\n223", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "here a trading-post. Marver was greatly beloved by\\nthe Indians. By 1850 Palatka had many\\n1 82 1 handsome residences, but its commercial im-\\nportance began with the coming of the rail-\\nroad in 1886.\\nJacksonville, whose aboriginal name was Wacca\\nI Pilatka, called Cow Ford by the English,\\n1 81 6 began in 181 6 by the removal of L. G. Hogan\\n1822 to the land which belonged to his Spanish\\nwife, Dofia Maria Suavez. In 1822 the name\\nJacksonville, given in honor of General Andrew Jack-\\nson, was bestowed on the newly laid out town.\\nIn 1823 a colony of Scotch Presbyterians settled at\\nEuchee Anna in the Euchee valley in West\\nFlorida.\\nThe first house was erected in Tallahassee in 1824;\\nthe town was incorporated in the following\\nI 1824 year; and the building of the first capitol was\\ny begun in January, 1826.\\nMonticello was surveyed in 1828; and in the follow-\\no i^S y^^^ Marianna was incorporated.\\nTwelve months later Apalachicola became a\\ncity. Key West, which was made a naval station,\\nwas incorporated and laid oflf into lots the\\n1829-30 same year as Marianna (1829). The town\\nU 1836 of St. Josephs was begun in 1836.\\nAt the first meeting ol the legislative coun-\\ncil, 1822, the territory was divided into four counties,\\nEscambia, embracing the country between the Perdido\\nQ. Where was the meeting held? Give the age and cost\\nof the present capitol. Give an account of the township\\ngranted to Lafayette. Tell of immigration to Florida. What\\nwas a great drawback to settlement? Give an account of\\nPalatka.\\n224", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "and Apalachicola Jackson, between the Apalacliicola\\nand the Suwannee; Duval, north of a hne from Cow\\nFord to mouth of the Suwannee, and extending from\\nthis river to the ocean Saint Johns, the peninsula south\\nFrom Tanner s American Alias.\\nFLORIDA IN 1S23.\\nof the Hne just mentioned. These four were after-\\nwards subdivided. By 1837 there were twenty coun-\\nties in all. In 1887 a large number of new counties\\nwere formed by an act of the legislature.\\n16 225", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "Various canals throughout the territory were pro-\\njected, and a large ship canal across the northern part\\nof the peninsula was planned, to cut ofi the\\n1829 dangerous voyage around the Florida reefs.\\nIn 1829 a report was submitted to Congress\\nby United States Engineers of a route for a canal be-\\ntween St. Marks and Fernandina, but it was not con-\\nsidered practicable. Routes were surveyed again in\\n1854 and 1878.\\nTobacco, of which so much is now said,\\n1828 was introduced from Cuba in 1828, although\\nit was suggested during British rule that such\\ntobacco might be profitably raised.\\nGeneral R. K. Call, one of the shapers of the com-\\nmonwealth, as he delighted to speak of him-\\n1835-6 self, built the third railroad in the United\\nStates, from Tallahassee to St. Marks. Be-\\nfore the outbreak of the Civil War these few miles of\\nroad were the best paying in the whole country.\\nSocial Life. Society in Florida during these early\\nyears of American ownership was refined in spite of\\nthe frontier life. Large, well cultivated plantations\\nwere scattered over the country between Tallahassee\\nand Jacksonville, and the possessors enjoyed each\\nother s refined intercourse. Among the names that\\noccur as guarantees of culture are those of General\\nQ. What was the aboriginal name of Jacksonville? When\\ndid Jacksonville begin? In whose honor was it named?\\nWhat colony settled at Euchee Anna? Tell of Tallahassee.\\nMention the names of other towns founded at this period.\\nHow many counties were there at first? Give the position\\nof the counties. What is to be said of the making of other\\ncounties?\\n226", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "and Mrs. R. K. Call, Judge Thomas Randall, Gov-\\nernor W. P. Duvall, Colonel Gadsden, Mrs. Florida\\nWhite, Mrs. Nutall, and the family of William Wirt.\\nTo these should be added the family of Colonel Bird\\nWillis, who removed from Virginia to Tallahassee\\nin 1827, and whose daughter Kate married Prince\\nAchille Murat, son of the king of Naples. Prince\\nMurat had been in the territory only a short time and\\nhad purchased a plantation not far from the township\\nbestowed on Lafayette. The graves of the Prince and\\nthe Princess are to be seen at Tallahassee.\\nBanks. During Jackson s administration many\\nwild cat banks were established in all sections of\\nthe United States. Florida had her share of these,\\nand, it must be confessed, not to her credit. Of the\\nsome ten or twelve banks established at this period\\nthe following are the most noteworthy because of their\\nconnection with the repudiation of Florida s just obli-\\ngations at the time she became a State.\\nIn 1 83 1 the Bank of Pensacola was chartered with a\\ncapital of two hundred thousand dollars,\\n183T and began business on November 28, 1833.\\nEarly in 1835 the legislature authorized the\\nincrease of its capital stock to two and a half millions\\nof dollars, and the purchase by the bank of stock in\\nthe Alabama, Georgia, and Florida Railway. A fur-\\nther issue of live hundred thousand dollars of bonds\\nwas authorized. These were to be indorsed by the\\nQ. Why was a canal across Florida thought necessary?\\nWhat route was surveyed in 1829? How many more have\\nbeen surveyed? Wlien was tobacco introduced? What can\\nyou say of the third railroad in the United States? What was\\nthe condition of society? How did the people live? Give\\nthe names of some of the early inhabitants.\\n227", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "governor in behalf of the territory, which was secured\\nfrom loss, as was supposed, by a mortgage on the\\nbank, including its railroad shares. By 1843 the rail-\\nroad failed, the bank ceased to exist, and the terri-\\ntory s mortgage proved worthless.\\nThe Union Bank was chartered in 1^33 with an\\nauthorized capital of three millions of dollars,\\n1833 raised by the sale of territorial bonds. Stock-\\nholders were not to pay down any part of\\ntheir subscriptions, but to secure them by mortgages\\non lands and slaves. The bonds were sold mostly\\nin Europe in 1834, 38, 39, at a discount of from three\\nto ten per cent. This was contrary to the charter, as\\nit stipulated that they should not be sold below par.\\nInterest was paid by negotiating new bonds. In 1837,\\ntwo years after it began business, the bank suspended\\nspecie payment, and in 1842 failed to pay interest on\\nits bonds.\\nAlthough Congress did not in June, 1836, approve\\nthe charter of the Southern Life Insurance and Trust\\nCompany, chartered February 14, 1835, yet\\n1836 the company began business, insuring life,\\nreceiving money on deposit, buying, dis-\\ncounting, and selling drafts, promissory notes, and\\nbills of exchange. The capital stock was placed at\\ntwo millions of dollars, with privilege to raise to four\\nmillions. Notes could be issued to the full amount\\nQ. Tell about Prince Achille Murat and his wife. What\\nis to be said of wild cat banks in Florida? How much\\nwas the capital of the Bank of Pensacola? How were five\\nhundred thousand dollars of its bonds indorsed? What se-\\ncurity did the territory have? What became of the bank?\\nGive the capital of the Union Bank. What payment were the\\nstockholders to make?\\n228", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "of the paid-in stock, as also certificates of one thous-\\nand dollars each, indorsed by the governor of the ter-\\nritory, which were secured by a privilege granted the\\nmarshal to seize enough of the bank s money and\\nproperty to satisfy demands against it. In 1837 Con-\\ngress approved the bank s charter, and at the same\\ntime, and in the following year, gave it greater liberty.\\nBut when the institution failed, as it speedily did,\\nnothing was found for the marshal to seize and the\\nterritory was confronted with obligations to the\\namount of four hundred thousand dollars.\\nBeginning of Trouble with the Seminoles.\\nBefore the descent of Jackson in 1818 the SeminolesJ\\noccupied all East Florida, having towns of consider-!\\nable size, and after their defeat they continued to hold\\nthe province, though no longer dwelling in large com-\\nmunities as before. They also still continued to har-\\nbor runaway slaves, which was a constant source of\\ndisagreement between them and the planters. Had\\nnot the Seminoles been in possession of Florida, it\\nwould have been settled more rapidly. In\\n1822 1822 they numbered about four thousand,\\nof all ages and sexes, and had among them\\na thousand negroes. Besides the governor, who was\\nSuperintendent of Indian Afifairs, the President ap-\\npointed as a special Indian agent, Colonel Gad\\nHumphreys, who took up his residence at Fort King\\nQ. How were the bonds sold? How long did the bank\\nexist? What business did the Southern Life Insurance and\\nTrust Company conduct? Give an account of its stock. How\\nwas the territory secured? How did Congress act towards\\nthe bank? Give the amount the territory was held respon-\\nsible for? How had the war of 1818 afifected the Seminoles?\\nWhat caused disagreement between them and the settlers?\\n229", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "amongi his proteges, and championed their rights\\nuntil 1830.\\nAhiiost immediately after the purchase of Florida\\nthe President was petitioned to restrict the Indians\\nwithin narrower limits, in order that the territory might\\nbe opened to settlers. Colonel Humphreys at\\nonce set about gathering the chiefs to treat\\non this subject. Finally, on the i8th of\\nSeptember, 1823, he succeeded in collecting\\na considerable number at Camp Moultrie six miles\\nbelow St. Augustine, where they agreed to move be-\\nlow a line about twenty miles south of Micanopy, on\\npayment of six thousand dollars in cash and an annu-\\nity of five thousand dollars. Six chiefs had to be fur-\\nther conciliated. No white man was to enter their\\nterritory without permission, and the Indian was to\\nkeep within bounds on penalty of being flogged if\\ncaught outside. They did not keep within bounds,\\nand they sheltered fugitive negroes, though in the\\ntreaty they had promised to return them to their\\nowners. As settlements of the whites increased, a de-\\nsire arose to remove the Indians entirely.\\nAt a talk near McKenzie s Pond in 1828 the In-\\ndians proposed a delegation of their most\\n1828 trusted chiefs to examine the lands west of\\nthe Mississippi, which the United States\\nwould grant them, if they wished to move there of\\ntheir own free will. This proposition being rejected\\nQ. Give the number of Seminoles in 1822. Who was\\nSuperintendent of Indian AfYairs? Where did he reside?\\nWhat petition was sent to the President? Give an account\\nof the treaty of Camp Moultrie How was the treaty kept?\\nWhat desire arose as the settlements increased? What did\\nthe Indians propose at McKenzie s Pond?\\n230", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "by the War Department, the Seminoles became dis-\\ncouraged, and soon announced their intention of re-\\nmaining where they were.\\nAnother cause of dispute between the red man and\\nthe settler lay in the ownership of cattle, of which\\nthe Indians possessed a large number; and further-\\nmore they occupied the best grazing country. About\\nthis time the United States government sanctioned a\\nmost disgraceful scheme for purchasing the fugitive\\nslaves from their protectors. Since traders could,\\nby intoxicating their red customer, obtain from him\\nhis peltries and manufactures for a mere song, it was\\nproposed to secure the runaway negroes in a similar\\nmanner but the humanity of the country would sanc-\\ntion no such procedure. A feeling of uneasi-\\n1830 ness began to pervade whites and Indians\\nalike. Colonel Humphreys was removed in\\n1830, because he was too strong a champion of his\\ncharges, and Major Phagan took his place, remain-\\ning agent till 1833.\\nIn 1832 Major Phagan succeeded in collecting a\\nnumber of influential chiefs at Payne s landing, where\\nthey concluded a treaty with the commis-\\nsioner, Colonel James Gadsden, agreeing to\\nsend certain of their influential chiefs, with\\ntheir negro interpreter Abraham, to the territory\\npromised them by the United States and if fhey were\\nsatisfied with the land, and of the favorable disposi-\\ntion of the Creeks to unite again with them, the treaty\\nshould bind them to migrate thither. The they was\\ntaken by the Seminoles to mean themselves, but by\\nPresident Jackson to refer to the chiefs of the recon-\\nnoitering party. Union with the Creeks was disliked\\n231", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "by the Florida Indians, as they vvere runaways from\\nthe former nation. Moreover, there was\\n1832 danger that the Creeks would take from them\\nthe fugitive negroes, who had intermarried\\nwith the Seminoles and had great influence over\\nthem.\\nFrom September, 1832, to the following March, the\\ndeputation of chiefs with Colonel Phagan examined\\nthe territory allotted them between the Canadian\\nRiver and its North Fork, and in the treaty of Fort\\nGibson expressed themselves as satisfied with the\\ncountry, and stated their readiness to remove thither.\\nBut on their return the body of the nation refused to\\nabide by the decision of their chiefs. American ol^cers\\nthen in Florida gave it as their opinion that the chiefs\\nwould not have consented to migrate, if they had not\\nbeen tampered with. (See map 011 p. 267.)\\nThe Indians were deeply stirred by the prepara-\\ntions to remove them by force. Major Phagan deemed\\nit prudent to resign the post of agent, and was suc-\\nceeded by General Wiley Thompson. Colonel Dun-\\ncan L. Clinch took command of the United\\n1835 States troops. Charley Emathla, an old\\nOct. chief, drew upon himself the hostility of the\\nremaining Seminoles, because he determined\\nto abide by the treaty of Payne s Landing, and not\\nQ. What effect did the rejection of this proposition have\\non the Seminoles? Give another cause of trouble. Give the\\nproposed scheme of purchasing the fugitive slaves. Why was\\nColonel Humphreys replaced by Major Phagan? Where\\ndid Major Phagan collect the influential chiefs in 1832?\\nWhat treaty was made? How was the word they under-\\nstood? Why did the Florida Indians dislike union with the\\nCreeks?\\n232", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "long afterwards while he was gathering his band for\\nremoval, he was shot by Osceola and a number of\\nMiccosukies. The gold found on him Osceola would\\nallow none to touch, saying that it was the price of the\\nred man s blood.\\nAt one of the consultations held by General Thomp-\\nson this same Osceola, afterwards to become so fa-\\nmous, drew his knife,\\nand striking it into the\\ntable before him, cried.\\nTlfts is the only treaty\\nI will ever make with\\nthe whites He was\\nat this time merely a\\nsub-chief.\\nOsceola. W h e n\\nGeneral Andrew Jack-\\nson broke the power\\nof the Red Sticks at the\\nbattle of the Horse-\\nshoe Bend in 1813, the\\nremnant of these brave\\nwarriors took refuge among the Seminoles. With\\nthem fled a Creek mother and her son, a boy of about\\nthirteen or fourteen, Asseheholar, or Black Drink\\nknown also as Powell, from the name of his father, an\\nIndian trader. At the outbreak of the war (1835), he\\nQ. What danger was there? Where was the land allotted\\nto the Seminoles? How did the chiefs express their opinion\\nof it? How did the body of the nation act? What did cer-\\ntain officers think of the chief s consent? Who succeeded\\nMajor Phagan? Tell of Charley Emathla and of his murder.\\nWhat treaty did Osceola declare he would make with the\\nwhites?\\nGiddings Exiles.\\nOSCEOLA.\\n23i", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "was thirty-one years of age, resolute and manly, of\\na clear, fresh, and engaging countenance, and as a\\nleader cautious and bold. He broke up every attempt\\nat negotiation. He was the guiding spirit of the war,\\nwhich may be said to have begun from the time when\\nhis wife, daughter of a Seminole chief and a negro\\nwoman, was seized as a slave. Osceola then vowed\\nvengeance, and at the time behaved so violently that\\nGeneral Thompson had him put in irons until he con-\\nfessed repentance. His subsequent murder of Gen-\\neral Thompson, his own captive, and his death at Fort\\nMoultrie, S. C., belong to a later chapter.\\nQ. To what nation did Osceola belong? What does his\\nname mean? Describe him at the outbreak of the war.\\nWhat may be said to be the beginning of the war?\\n234", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0254.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII.\\nSEMINOLE WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DADE S MASSACRE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BATTLE\\nOF THE WITHLACOOCHEE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 GENERAL SCOTT-\\nGENERAL JESUP\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CAPTURE OF OSCEOLA.\\nDecision of the United States to Remove the\\nSeminoles. General Thompson reported in 1834\\ntliat the Indians were buying great quantities of pow-\\nder, and had probably forty or fifty kegs. A\\n1834 few months later an order was transmitted\\nto him not to sell them any more. Osceola,\\nwhen refused, became indignant, and in a burst of rage\\nexclaimed, Am I a negro a slave? My skin is dark,\\nbut not black I am an Indian, a Seminole The\\nwhite man shall not make me black I will make the\\nwhite man red with blood, and blacken him with the\\nsun and rain, where the wolf shall smell of his bones,\\nand the buzzard live upon his flesh General Jackson\\nsent a talk But the Indians had heard so\\n1818 many talks and seen so few soldiers, that\\nthey despised the white man as weak,\\nfor the guiding spirits were too young to remem-\\nber the terrible punishment inflicted on the\\nnation in 1818. It became evident that if the\\nSeminoles were to be moved from Florida, force\\nwould have to be employed; but from the first\\nthe War Department made a mistake in supposing that\\nthe whole number of warriors was only four or five\\nhundred, and in making preparations accordingly.\\nQ. How much powder had the Indians bought? What did\\nOsceola exclaim when refused? How did the Indians regard\\ntalks What mistake did the War Department make?\\n235", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0255.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "Strangely enough, the authorities underestimated the\\npower of resistance of a Seminole.\\nAt a council held in April, 1835, General Thompson\\nvery unwisely struck from the lists of chiefs Sam Jones\\n(Arpcika), Jumper, Micanopy, Alligator, and\\n1835 Black Dirt, who refused to join the other\\nApril chiefs in agreeing to migrate. In reality,\\nthis agreement was merely a subterfuge to\\ngain time to gather the\\ncrops and provide ammu-\\nnition. Osceola pretended\\nto be preparing to leave,\\nand actually brought in\\nseventy of his band, who\\nhaving consumed the gov-\\nernment s rations and fire\\nwater, silently\\nOct. disappeared, a s\\nwas so often done\\nduring this war. It was\\nabout this time that Char-\\nley Emathla was killed.\\nMurder of General\\nThompson. Ever since\\nhis imprisonment Osceola\\nhad been thirsty for re-\\n236\\nSEMlNOLli WAR, I S35 1842.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0256.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "venge, though he quietly dissembled all appearance of\\nhis intention. In the latter part of December he lay\\nin ambush near the agency of Fort King, seeking for\\na chance to shoot General Thompson but for two or\\nthree days no opportiniity presented itself. At last,\\nhowever, on the 28th the doomed agent and\\nDec. Lieutenant Constantine Smith strolled out\\n28 from the fort to enjoy an after-dinner cigar\\nthen every Indian rifle spoke, and both fell\\npierced by many balls. Their bodies were mutilated\\nand scalped. Osceola then murdered the employees\\nat the sutler s, and after firing the building containing\\nthe scalped bodies, hastily departed to join his con-\\nfederates at the Big Wahoo Swamp, on the Withla-\\ncQOchee, but arrived too late for the massacre of Major\\nDade s command. The garrison, ignorant of the true\\nnumber of the Seminoles, had remained in\\n1835 the fort, afraid to send out aid to General\\nThompson and Lieutenant Smith.\\nMassacre of Major Dade s Command. Major\\nFrancis L. Dade left Tampa for Fort King, one hun-\\ndred and thirty miles distant to the north-\\nDec, east, December 21, with one hundred and\\n21 thirty-nine men, one six-pounder field piece,\\nand a light wagon containing ten days pro-\\nvisions. As no one knew the route, Major Dade se-\\ncured the services of Lewis, a slave of Antonio Pach-\\neco, described as faithful and trustworthy but Lewis\\ninformed the Indians of the intended march, and these\\nQ. What unwise thing did General Thompson do? What\\nwas the agreement in reality? Give Osceola s conduct.\\nWhy did he lie in wait near Fort King? Give an account of\\nthe murder of General Thompson. Where did Osceola then\\ngo? How had the garrison at Fort King behaved?\\n237", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0257.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "selected the Big Wahoo Swamp as a place of rendez-\\nvous. On the 28th as the Httle company marched\\nalong the road near the Withlacoochee in a\\nDec. country covered with palmettoes, a sudden\\n28 volley from the concealed savages laid low\\none half of the devoted band. The re-\\nmainder quickly rallied, and with the six-pounder\\ndrove the enemy over a small hill. For three-quar-\\nters of an hour the fighting ceased. In these precious\\nminutes, a small triangular breastwork of trunks of\\ntrees was hastily constructed, when the foe came\\nsweeping down once more to the attack. And soon\\nevery white man was stretched out on the leaf-cov-\\nered ground, two only escaping to tell of the dreadful\\nmassacre, in which on a clear day, in open woods, a\\ncompany of trained soldiers was almost annihilated by\\na band of painted savages. The negro Lewis pre-\\ntended to fall at the first lire, and thus escaped to his\\nIndian friends.\\nAlligator stated that one hundred and eighty Semi-\\nnoles were engaged in this conflict. It is asserted that\\nafter the fight was over a band of fifty negroes rushed\\nupon the field and mutilated the corpses and\\n1835 hacked to death the wounded and dying.\\nNews of this disaster did not reach General\\nClinch at Fort Drane for some time, though it was\\nknown among the negroes of St. Augustine within\\ntwenty-four hours at least they knew that the whites\\nhad met with some calamity.\\nQ. Give the size of Major Dade s command. Who acted\\nas guide? What information did he give the Indians? Where\\ndid these make their rendezvous? Give an account of the\\nfirst attack. What breastwork was hastily constructed? Give\\nthe result of the battle. How did Lewis escape? How many\\nSeminoles were there? What is said of a band of negroes?\\n238", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0258.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "Dec.\\n15\\nDec.\\n31\\nBattle of the Withlacoochee. On the death\\nof Charley Emathla General (formerly\\nColonel) Clinch called for volunteers and\\nseveral companies joined General Call at\\nNewnansville, who by the 15th of December\\nunited with General Clinch. As the troops were only\\nenlisted for thirty days, this officer at once put\\nthem in motion for the Withlacoochee, with-\\nout any knowledge, however, of the disaster\\nto Major Dade s command, and on the 31st\\nhad crossed that stream with some two hundred of\\nhis men, when they were fired on by a band of Semi-\\nnoles led by Osceola and\\nAlligator. A hammock\\nprotected the front of the\\nIndians, who fought brave-\\nly, and beat back two\\nicharges of the soldiers. A\\nthird charge routed them.\\nThey fled, leaving five\\ndead and several wounded\\nthe whites had four killed\\nand forty wounded.\\nGeneral Clinch returned\\nto Fort Drane, where the\\nvolunteers disbanded, and\\nhe was left with one hundred and fifty men to hold\\nForts King, Drane, and Micanopy. Settlements in\\nthe interior were broken up, and the inhabitants fled to\\nthe larger towns.\\nGeneral Gaines. When General Gaines at New\\nOrleans heard of the destruction of Major Dade s\\ncommand, without waiting for orders, considering the\\n239\\nSCENE OF EARLY BATTLES.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0259.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "gravity of the situation required immediate action, he\\nsailed for Tampa, and arrived at Fort Brooke\\n1836 at the head of Hillsboro Bay on the loth of\\nFeb. February. Three days later he set out for\\n10 Fort King, passing on his way the fatal field\\nwhere Major Dade s men had been annihi-\\nFeb. lated. Arriving at Fort King, he found him-\\n13 self without provisions Nothing was left\\nbut to return. Making a detour to display\\nhis force, he was seeking a ford on the Withlacoochee\\nbelow the place he had crossed in coming, when the\\nIndians opened fire from the opposite bank, so furi-\\nously as to preclude any idea of forcing a passage.\\nGeneral Gaines was reduced to a state of siege, and\\nalmost of starvation before General Clinch arrived and\\ntook command. The troops were marched to Fort\\nDrane.\\nIn a parley with Captain Hitchcock of General\\nGaine s command, Osceola, Jumper, and Alligator\\nagreed to make peace, if allowed to occupy the country\\nsouth of the Withlacoochee.\\nGeneral Scott in Command. President Jack-\\nson now ordered General Scott to take command of\\nthe Florida War. A beautiful campaign was planned\\non paper. One force was to move from Fort Drane,\\nanother from Volusia on the St. Johns, and a third\\nfrom Tampa Bay, all to unite at the forks of the With-\\nlacoochee, where it was expected the Indians would\\nQ. How is the report of the massacre said to have trav-\\nelled? What officers marched to the Withlacoochee? Give\\nan account of the battle. Give the loss on both sides. How\\nmany men were left with General Clinch? What did the set-\\ntlers do? What course of action did General Gaines adopt?\\n240", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0260.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "thus be cooped up. But General Scott did not know\\nthe ease with which they could slip through his lines.\\nNot an Indian was caught. The Seminoles became\\nmore than ever convinced of the white man s weak-\\nness. General Scott was recalled; and General Jesup,\\nwho had been successful in compelling the Creeks\\nto migrate from Alabama, was substituted in his place.\\nSummer of 1836. As the heated term came on, the\\nregular troops went into summer quarters the vol-\\nunteers returned home. Fort King was\\n1836 abandoned at the last of May, owing to the\\nunhealthiness of the season and in July the\\nMay troops left Fort Drane, and Fort Micanopy\\nJuly in the following month. All the settlements\\nAug. east of the St. Johns and south of Picolata\\nwere destroyed. Express riders were con-\\nstantly cut off, and within seventeen miles of Jackson-\\nville the Johns family were murdered and their home\\nb .irned.\\nOperations of General Call. General Jesup\\nleft the command of the troops for a time in the hands\\nof General Call, as he had received no orders to direct\\nhis movements. General Armstrong was to join Gen-\\neral Call with twelve hundred Tennesseans, who were\\noperating in the Creek country. The first operations\\nwere around the Withlacoochee, but nothing\\nNov. was accomplished, owing to the high water\\nin the streams. Reinforced by some regu-\\nQ. Give an account of his march to Fort King. Tell of\\nhis return. How was he relieved? On what did certain\\nchiefs agree? Who now took command? Describe his plan\\nto hem in the Seminoles. How did it succeed? Who took\\nGeneral Scott s place? What did the troops do during sum-\\nmer?\\n17 241", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0261.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "lars and a band of Creeks, in November General Call\\nagain entered the country of the Withlacoochee, broke\\nlip an Indian encampment, and in the Big Wahoo\\nSwamp engaged a force of Seminoles for several hours\\nbut deemed it most prudent to retire.\\nSo far the Indians clearly had the best of the fight,\\ninasmuch as they had driven the citizens and soldiers\\nout of the country.\\nWinter Campaign: 1836-37. Soon after the bat-\\ntle at the Big Wahoo Swamp, General Thomas S.\\nJesup received the troops from General Call, which\\nSEMINOLE WARRIOR.\\nwere increased to eight thousand men. Scarcity of\\nprovisions was no longer the cry as under former com-\\nmanders. As the stronghold of the Indians was in the\\nQ. What forts were abandoned? Describe the condi-\\ntion of the country. Who acted for a time at the head of the\\ntroops? Who was to join him? Where were his first oper-\\nations? Tell of the battle at the Big Wahoo Swamp. How\\ndid the Indians have the best of the fight? How many sol-\\ndiers did General Jesup have? What had been a cause of\\ntrouble before?\\n242", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0262.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "swamps near the Withlacoochee, it was determined to\\ndrive them from that region and so Colonel Foster\\nadvanced from Tampa, while General Jesup himself\\nentered near the Big Wahoo Swamp. But the wary\\nfoe had moved. A prisoner informed the whites that\\nthe Seminoles had gone ofif in a southeasterly direc-\\ntion. Establishing Fort Dade in the district that had\\nbeen the centre of the Indian settlement and dismiss-\\ning the Tennesseans whose time had expired, the\\nAmerican commander started in pursuit of the fleeing\\nSeminoles, going in the direction of the Everglades.\\nOsarchee and his son were killed, but the main band\\nescaped. Numerous herds of cattle fell into the hands\\nof the soldiers, and women and children were cap-\\ntured. An Indian prisoner sent out brought\\n1837 in the interpreter Abraham, who had an inter-\\nFeb. 3 view with General Jesup and then returned\\nMar. 6 to persuade the chiefs to come in for a talk\\nOn the 3rd of February he returned with\\nJumper, Alligator, and Halatoochie, who agreed to\\nmeet the general again at Fort Dade on the 6th of\\nMarch, military operations to cease in the meantime.\\nKing Philip and his son Coacoochee, better known\\nas Wild Cat with four hundred warriors made an\\nattack on Fort Mellon, on Lake Monroe^ February 8,\\nhaving heard there was only a small force in the ])lace.\\nIn this they were mistaken. A strong garrison had\\nbeen lately thrown into Fort Mellon without their\\nQ. What was the first move made by the new commander?\\nGive an account of the pursuit of the Seminoles. What fort\\nwas estabHshed? Who was the Indian interpreter? What\\nagreement was made with certain chiefs? Who attacked\\nFort Mellon? How had they made a mistake?\\n243", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0263.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "knowledge, and in consequence they were beaten back,\\nbut only after a stubborn fight of three hours.\\nConference at Fort Dade. The time for plant-\\ning was passing, and there was no prospect\\n1837 that the war would stop. Accordingly, the\\nIndians thought it best to keep the appoint-\\nment with General Jesup. Several chiefs came in,\\nwho agreed to remove south of the Withlacoochee and\\nto prepare to migrate at once to the West. General\\nJesup promised that the negroes should accompany\\nthe Seminoles, and that the United States should pay\\nfor the cattle and ponies of the Indians. Those who\\nwere willing to move were to assemble at a post ten\\nmiles from Tampa, under the protection of the United\\nStates.\\nGathering of Seminoles. By the middle of May\\na considerable number gathered at the rendezvous,\\nand twenty-five transports were ready to carry them\\nto Arkansas. Osceola, King Philip, Coacoochee, and\\nCoe Hadjo, encamped near Fort Mellon, drawing\\nrations preparatory to departure. Settlers began to\\ncome back to their homes, and General Jesup declared\\nthe war to be at an end. As the Indians began to\\nassemble, planters came to Tampa Bay to claim slaves\\nwhich had run away, and even penetrated the Indian\\nterritory, so that an order had to be issued\\nMay forbidding any white man to enter the Semi-\\nnole country without permission of the War\\nDepartment.\\nAll went well so far. There were about seven hun-\\ndred Seminoles, counting their families and negroes,\\nat the rendezvous when on the 2nd of June Osceola\\ncame to the camp and induced the whole party to seek\\n244", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0264.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "again their fastnesses in the Everglades. He told them\\nthat if they went on board the transports, the soldiers\\nwould cut their throats and that smallpox, a terrible\\nscourge to the Indian, had broken out in the fort.\\nMeasles had, indeed, m ade their appearance.\\n1 83 1 When Colonel Harney threatened that if they\\ndid not abide by the treaty, the United States\\nwould exterminate them, Wild Cat answered that\\nthe Great Spirit might exterminate them, but the pale\\nfaces could not else, why had they not done so before?\\nThe number of Indians who had come in made it ap-\\npear that they really intended to move, and were not\\nmerely seeking to gain time.\\nNews of the scattering caused great consternation.\\nSettlers fled again to the posts. Volunteers were\\ncalled for from Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana,\\nTennessee, and Kentucky, and preparations were\\nmade for an active campaign as soon as the weather\\nwould permit. During the last campaign thirty of the\\nenemy had been killed, and upwards of five hundred\\nprisoners secured.\\nCapture of Osceola. In September General Her-\\nnandez secured King Philip. Later Osceola and one\\nhundred others, through the mediation of\\nSept. Wild Cat came in to the camp about\\ntwenty miles from St. Augustine, under a\\nflag of truce but on the ground that the Seminoles\\nhad capitulated at Fort Dade, and that Osceola had\\nQ. Why did the Indians keep the appointment at Fort\\nDade? What did certain chiefs agree to? What did General\\nJesup promise? Where did the Seminoles gather? Who\\nwere at Fort Mellon? What did General Jesup declare about\\nthe war? Why was any white man forbidden to enter the\\nIndian country? Who induced the Indians to scatter? How?\\n245", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0265.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "brought in his family to Fort Mellon, and received\\nrations for his band they were made prisoners by\\norder of General Jesup, and carried to St. Augustine.\\nOsceola was conveyed to Fort Moultrie, near Charles-\\nton, where all efforts to interest him in a new home\\nfailed. He pined away, and died of a broken heart.\\nHis tomb is marked by a monument just outside the\\nprincipal gate of the fort.\\nEscape of Wild Cat from Fort Marion.\\nWild Cat was imprisoned in one of the dungeons\\nof old Fort Marion, with one small window\\n1837 many feet above the ground. Reducing his\\nbody by means of medicines, he managed to\\nsqueeze through the embrazure on a dark night, and\\nwith his fellow prisoner escaped to his band. He sub-\\nsequently became one of the leading chiefs, and aided\\nmaterially in the removal of the Seminoles to the\\nWest.\\nCherokee Delegation. At this time a delega-\\ntion of Cherokees visited the Seminoles to try to per-\\nsuade them to remove to the lands allotted them by the\\nUnited States, and assured them that their lives and\\nproperty would be protected. Coe Hadjo acted as\\nguide. Micanopy, Cloud, and other chiefs came in,\\nand agreed to carry out the treaty but the warriors\\nfailed to appear. The seizure of certain chiefs who\\nhad been brought in by the Cherokees, so disgusted\\nQ. What reply did Wild Cat make to Colonel Harney?\\nWhy did it seem that the Indians really intended to move?\\nWhat was the effect of the departure of the Indians? How\\nmany Indians were secured in the last campaign? Give an\\naccount of the capture of Osceola. Tell of his death. Where\\nwas Wild Cat imprisoned?\\n246", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0266.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "them that they gave up trying to end the war, and re-\\nturned to their homes in the West.\\nPursuit of Seminoles. The troops were in con-\\nstant pursuit of the Indians. It thus became diffi-\\ncult for them to hide their women and children, or to\\ntransport food for them during the winter season.\\nMany settlements in the northern border of the Ever-\\nglades were broken up by General Eustis, who was\\nenabled to penetrate these by means of posts and de-\\npots of supplies on the Upper St. Johns.\\nBattle of Okeechobee. Orders coming from\\nGeneral Jesup to find the enemy wherever he could.\\nGeneral Zachary Taylor set out on the 19th of Decem-\\nber with a force of eleven hundred men, part of whom\\nwere Delaware and bloody Shawnee Indians who\\nengaged in the war for the sake of plunder. His line\\nof march lay towards the southwest, in the\\n1837 supposed direction of Sam Jones camp. As\\nthe army was on its way. Jumper and a few\\nfamilies came in, and were sent to Tampa to be trans-\\nported. On the third day unmistakable signs of In-\\ndians were seen, and during that night and the fol-\\nlowing, care was taken to station a strong guard. All\\nthe morning of the 24th the enemy kept ahead\\nDec. just out of rifle reach, until before noon they\\n24 took position in a dense swamp covered by a\\nmorass through which ran a muddy stream.\\nQ. Give an account of his escape. What did he become?\\nWhy did a Cherokee delegation visit Florida? With v^^hat\\nresult? Why was it difficult for the Seminoles to care for\\ntheir women and children? Where were many settlements\\nbroken up? Give General Taylor s force with which he set\\nout. Whose camp was he looking for?\\n247", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "The volunteers sent in first, losing their commanding\\nofficer, Colonel Gentry, fled, and could not be re-\\nformed. The regulars under Colonel Thompson\\nsteadily advanced, but these, too, were forced to retire,\\none company having only four men unhurt. Colonel\\nFoster, however, with the fourth infantry, succeeded\\nin gaining the hammock, charged on the Seminoles,\\nand drove them from the field. Nearly three hours\\nthe battle raged. Nine Indians were killed, and eleven\\nBATTLE OF OKEECHOBEE.\\nwounded, while on the ground lay twenty-six pale\\nfaces dead, and one hundred and twelve wounded.\\nThis was the hardest fought contest of the war.\\nNever again did the Seminoles fight a standing battle,\\nbut depended on the climate and the country to wage\\nthe war for them.\\nGeneral Jesup Secures More Indians. Many\\nof the officers wxre worn out by a war that brought\\ndamage but no glory. Influ cnced by these,\\n248", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "General Jesup offered the Indians peace in Feb-^\\nrtiary, 1838, but would not allow them to\\nremain in the country unless the government\\nshould agree, which agreement he strongly\\nurged in his report to the department. While awaiting\\nthe government s decision, the Indians assembled in\\nQ camp near Fort Jupiter. Secretary of War\\nPoinsett replied that the original treaty must\\nbe carried out. Knowing that if this decision should\\nbe learned every Indian would leave, General Jesup\\ndirected that all should be secured, and thus captured\\nfive hundred and seventeen Indians and one hundred\\nand sixty-five negroes, who were removed to Tampa.\\nFurther Movements. One expedition explored the\\nextremity of the peninsula another under Lieutenant-\\nColonel Bankhead entered the Everglades, captured a\\nsub-chief and forty-seven of his followers, and hotly\\npursued Sam Jones, but failed to overtake him. In\\nApril General Jesup himself set out from Fort Jupiter\\nto find the A/ficcosukies and Tallahassees, who had\\nassembled at the mouth of the Withlacoochee but he\\nwas at this time superseded by General Taylor.\\nFirst Transportation to the West. In all\\ntwenty-four hundred Indians, seven hundred being\\nwarriors, had been taken up to this time. May\\nMay 15, 1838; many villages had been destroyed,\\n15 and large numbers of horses, cattle, and\\nother stock captured or killed. The first\\nQ. Who surrendered? How far ahead did the Indians\\nkeep? What position did they take? Give an account of\\nthe battle. How long did it last? Give the loss on both\\nsides. How did the Indians fight thereafter? Why did Gen-\\neral Jesup offer the Indians peace? What did he urge in his\\nreport? Where did the Indians assemble?\\n249", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "band of twelve hundred and twenty-nine emigrated\\nin May under the charge of Lieutenant Rey-\\nMay nolds. A second party of three hundred\\nand thirty followed in June. At New Or-\\nleans attempts were made by unscrupulous persons to\\nget possession of certain negroes, who, it was claimed,\\nhad run away from their masters but the attempts\\nfailed, though occasioning vexation and delay.\\nIt will be remembered that a deputation of Semi-\\nnoles once visited the lands in the West that were to be\\nallotted them. But now, though the In-\\n1832-33 dians were on their way, no provision had\\nbeen made for them and they would not\\njoin with the Creeks, as the government intended.\\nMost generously did the Cherokees ofifer the emi-\\ngrants a home with them until a separate and distinct\\ndistrict should be measured ofT for their use. Savages\\nthus showed more humanity than the civilized white\\nman. (See map on p. 267.)\\nQ. What did the Secretary of War reply to General Jesup?\\nHow many Indians and negroes were secured? Give some\\nfurther movements of the troops. Who superseded General\\nJesup? What had the American troops accomplished? Give\\nan account of the transportation of the Indians. What pro-\\nvision had been made for them?\\n250", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "CPIAPTER XIX.\\nSEMINOLE WAR, continued\u00e2\u0080\u0094 GENERAL TAYLOR\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094MAJOR-GENERAL MACOMB\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BLOODHOUNDS\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094CAPTURE OF WILD CAT THE GALLANT\\nWORTH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RETURN OF WILD CAT END OF\\nWAR.\\nGeneral Zachary Taylor in Command. The\\nfirst act of any importance in General Taylor s period\\nof command was the removal west of two hundred\\nApalaches from West Florida. The winter campaign\\nof 1838-39 was\\n1838\\nOct.\\nconducted o n\\nthe plan of a di-\\nvision of the country in-\\nto military districts, each\\nunder the command of\\nan officer responsible for\\nthe activity of the troops\\nunder hiuL Active in-\\ndeed were these but few\\nIndians were seen. They\\nno longer gave battle.\\nDividing into small\\nbands, they eagerly eluded pursuit, and by their rapid\\nmovements appeared unexpectedly in most distant sec-\\ntions of the territory, almost in sight of Tallahassee\\neven, and St. Augustine. General Taylor now de-\\ntermined to divide the country into small squares,\\neach containing a block-house, under an officer\\n251\\nGEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "with a squad of infantry and mounted men, with\\norders to patrol his square every third\\nMay day. But the estabhshment of these was in-\\n1839 terrupted by the arrival of Major-General\\nMacomb from Washington, May, 1839, to\\nmake an arrangement with the Seminoles\\nFailure of General Macomb. Runners were\\nsent out to invite the chiefs to a conference. Halleck-\\nTustenuggee acted as spokesman for the Seminoles.\\nFor the present the Indians agreed to dwell below\\nPease Creek and Lake Okeechobee, and not to go out\\nof bounds and no white man was to enter the limits\\nassigned them. General Macomb described in his\\nreport the joy manifested by them at the prospect of\\npeace, and announced to the army, to the authorities,\\nand to the citizens, that the war was ended with the\\nSeminoles. Under such assurance the settlers began\\nto return, hoping to plant at least part of a crop Gen-\\neral Macomb returned to Washington, and General\\nTaylor was left in command. June passed of\u00c2\u00a5 quietly,\\nEvery one was rejoicing at the return of peace when\\nthe very next month brought hostilities everywhere,\\nand the territory was as insecure as before the arrival\\nof General Macomb, who, in fact, merely protracted\\nthe war.\\nAttack on Colonel Harney. On the 22nd of\\nJuly, at daybreak, Indians numbering two hundred\\nand fifty under Checkika and Billy Bowlegs, fell\\nQ. What was the first act of importance under General\\nTaylor? How was the winter campaign conducted? How\\ndid the Indians fight? Give General Taylor s second plan.\\nHow was this interrupted?\\n252", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "on Colonel Harney s camp near the Caloosahatchie,\\nwhere he was erecting a trading-house. Out\\nJuly of thirty men eighteen were killed. Colonel\\n2.2 Harney escaped himself only by swimming\\nout to a fishing smack anchored in the, river\\nnearby. The two negro interpreters, Sandy and Sam-\\nson, were taken captive, and the former was killed next\\nday. Up to the time of the attack, the Indians had\\nbeen very friendly, coming in every day and express-\\ning their pleasure at the arrangements made\\n1839 with the government. As soon as the news\\nof the massacre was heard at Fort Mellon,\\nLieutenant Hanson seized some thirty who had come\\nin to trade.\\nThe end of the war seemed as far ofif as it did three\\nyears before, and indeed farther, because the Indians\\nhad learned to despise troops whom they could so\\neasily deceive.\\nBloodhounds. At last General Taylor consented to\\nadopt the plan of hunting out the flitting bands\\n1840 of Seminoles by means of bloodhounds; but\\nhe said, I wish it distinctly understood that\\nmy object in employing dogs is only to ascertain where\\nthe Indians can be found, not to worry them\\nColonel Fitzpatrick, as agent, procured thirty-three of\\nthese animals from Cuba, and fifty-eight Spaniards to\\nmanage them, for they had been trained in the Spanish\\nlanguage. The cost of each animal was one hundred\\nQ. Give the agreement between General Macomb and the\\nIndians. What did he say of the Indians? What effect did\\nthis report have? How long did peace last? What effect did\\nGeneral Macomb have on the war? Give an account of the\\nattack on Colonel Harney s camp. How had the Indians\\nacted before the attack?\\n253", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "and fifty-one dollars and seventy-two cents. But the\\nscheme failed the dogs had been trained to track ne-\\ngroes, and would not notice the trail of an Indian.\\nMurder of Doctor Perrine. A body of Spanish\\nIndians dwelling in the extremity of the peninsula,\\nurged to hostility by the Seminoles, on the\\nAug. 7 7th of August attacked the settlement on\\nIndian Key, where a distinguished botanist.\\nDr. Perrine, was engaged in raising tropical fruits. He\\nwas killed in an upper room of his dwelling; but his\\nwife and children escaped to a vessel in the harbor, to\\nwhich others also succeeded in making their way.\\nGeneral Armistead Relieves General Tay-\\nlor. Having now been in command for two years,\\nGeneral Taylor asked to be relieved and\\n1840 Brigadier-General Armistead was appointed\\nin his stead. Matters went on as before\\nexpeditions were as fruitless as ever; and as\\nswiftly came death from an invisible foe. A dele-\\ngation of Seminoles came from the West to ex-\\nert their influence towards the transportation of the\\nothers but nothing came of it.\\nFurther Hostilities. While Mrs. Montgomery,\\nwife of Major Montgomery, was travelling from Mi-\\ncanopy under a military escort, she was struck from\\nher horse by a shot from a hammock near the road.\\nCosa-Tustenuggee, fearing the consequences of this\\nact, surrendered, and his entire band of thirty- two\\nwarriors and sixty women and children were sent be-\\nQ. What did Lieutenant Hanson do at Fort Mellon? Why\\ndid the end of the war seem farther than ever? For what\\nwere bloodhounds to be used? How many hounds were se-\\ncured? What was their cost? Why did the scheme fail?\\nRelate the circumstance of Dr. Perrine s murder.\\n254", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "yond the Mississippi. In consequence of this murder\\norders came from Washington for a more vigorous\\nprosecution of the war, and these orders were shortly\\nfollowed by an appropriation by Congress of one mil-\\nlion of dollars. Indians began to appear in their old\\nhaunts on the Ocklockonee, on the Withlacoochee,and\\nin Okefinokee Swamp. As Waxehadjo, a leader in\\nkilling express riders and travellers, was roasting the\\nhead of one of his victims near Tampa Bay, a company\\nof dragoons came up, drove him into a pond, and there\\nkilled him.\\nIn December Colonel Harney made an incursion\\ninto the hitherto unexplored region below Pease\\nCreek, which was held by Billy Bowlegs, the\\nDec. prophet, and Shiver and Shakes. Checkika,\\nchief of the Spanish Indians, was killed. This\\nexpedition so intimidated the Indians that they re-\\nsorted to their old trick of having a talk and as their\\ngood faith could only be known by trying\\n1 84 1 them, rations were issued to them, and mili-\\ntary operations ceased. When they had\\nApr. gained their object, namely, time to plant\\ncrops, they all to a man disappeared in April.\\nMch. In March the Tallahassee chief, Echo-E-\\nMathler, was taken with sixty of his band,\\nand sent west.\\nThe policy of the government in oiTering peace at\\none time and war at another, merely resulted in caus-\\ning the Indians to prolong the contest. Such, too,\\nQ. Who succeeded General Taylor? How did matters\\ngo on? What delegation came from the West? Tell of the\\nmurder of Mrs. Montgomery. Where did the Indians begin\\nto reappear? Tell of the killing of Waxehadjo. Give an\\naccount of the incursion of Colonel Harney. What efifect\\ndid it have?\\n255", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "was the effect of changing plans, officers, and troops.\\nNow was the fifth year of the war, and the Seminoles\\nstill remained in Florida.\\nCapture of Coacoochee or Wild Cat. In\\nFebruary, while operating along the Kissimee, Colonel\\nW. J. Worth the gallant Worth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 had Wild\\nFeb. Cat brought in to him arrayed in a gor-\\ngeous attire which he had taken from a band\\nof strolling actors within\\nsix miles of St. Augus-\\ntine. He agreed to bring\\nhis band to the camp, but\\nin ten days returned to\\nreport that he could not\\ncollect them, because\\nt he y were scattered.\\nMeeting General Arm-\\nstrong, he made a similar\\npromise but in April and\\nMay he frequently came\\nin, and reported that he\\ncould do nothing, owing\\nto the movements of the\\ntroops. And at the same\\ntime he was makingheavy\\ndemands for whiskey and\\nrations. This satisfied\\nMajor Childs that he was\\nGiddings Exiles.\\nrOACOOCHEE.\\nQ. What object did the Indians have in coming in? What\\nwas the policy of the government? How long had the war\\nalready lasted? Who was brought in to Colonel Worth?\\nWhat did Wild Cat agree to do? Give his behavior.\\n-What order did Major Childs issue? What was done with\\nCoacoochee when he came in?\\n256", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "merely practising deception, and accordingly, the\\nmajor issued an order for his arrest the first time he\\nshould come in. Coacoochee appeared on\\nJune the 15th of June, when he was seized, and\\n15 with his uncle, brother, and sixteen follow-\\ners, was hurried away to Arkansas.\\nGeneral Worth Succeeds General Armistead.\\nAs the result of the year s work, General Armistead\\ncould only show the capture of four hundred\\n1 841 and fifty Indians, of whom one hundred and\\ntwenty were warriors. In May he asked to\\nMay be relieved. The government assigned the\\nconmiand to General (lately Colonel) W. J.\\nWorth, the eighth officer who had held that office\\nbut a better choice could not have been made.\\nSummer Campaign. Having all the mistakes of his\\npredecessors before him, and fully recognizing that\\ntheir failure had been due to the cessation of hostili-\\nties on the part of the troops, General Worth deter-\\nmined to prosecute the war during the summer, and\\norganized the troops under his command in the most\\neffective manner. The order was simply, Find the\\nenemy, capture, or exterminate Simultaneous\\nmovements were made in every district boats went up\\nthe Withlacoochee, and every swamp between the At-\\nlantic and the Gulf was explored. Fields and cribs\\nwere destroyed in the hammocks and on the islands\\nof the swamps. Tiger Tail, seated on the top of a tree,\\nwatched the destruction of his corn crib, on which he\\ndepended for sustenance for the coming year. The\\ntroops were engaged for twenty-five days, with the\\nthermometer averaging 86\u00c2\u00b0; but of the six hundred\\n18 257", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "men employed only one-fourlh were compelled to go\\nto the hospital.\\nAt a council of the Seminoles they decided to slay\\nany messenger, white, red, or black, who came to treat\\nof surrender. The simultaneous movements of the\\nnumerous companies of soldiers at the season when\\nusually military operations were suspended had a very\\ndisheartening effect on the Indians.\\nReturn of Coacoochee. As soon as General\\nWorth learned of the capture and transportation of\\nWild Cat he at once despatched a messen-\\n184 1 ger to overtake the party and bring him and\\nhis companions back to Tampa Bay. Here\\nJuly 4 General Worth met the chief, who had be-\\ncome after the death of Osceola the most\\nactive and enterprising of the Seminole leaders. On\\nthe 4th of July the American commander and his staff\\nboarded the transport, where the young Indian chief\\nand his friends were sitting on deck, heavily ironed.\\nTaking Coacoochee by the hand. General Worth ad-\\ndressed him in words calculated to stir an Indian s\\nvanity. He spoke of Coacoochee s bravery, of the\\nnoble fight he had made for his country, of his wise\\ncounsel, which his nation was wont to follow then, of\\nthe murders committed and the destruction brought\\non the harmless settlers and he declared that Coa-\\ncoochee was the man to end the war. A time was\\nQ. Give the result of the year s work. Who was placed\\nin command? How did General Worth determine to carry\\non the war? Give his order. Give the movements of the\\ntroops. What did Tiger Tail watch? How well did the\\ntroops endure the summer campaign? What did the Semi-\\nnoles decide? What effect did the movements of the troops\\nhave on them?\\n258", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0278.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "given him, as long as he wished, to bring in his band.\\nIf they did not come by the day agreed on, Coacoo-\\nchee and his companions should surely hang from\\nthe yard-arm of the ship.\\nSlowly the chief rose, and in a low tone replied, amid\\nthe silence of the company. He related the encroach-\\nment of the whites, who offered peace in one hand,\\nwhile the other held a serpent which stung the Indian\\nhe declared that he only wished a spot of earth in which\\nto lay his wife and child but the white man was too\\nstrong. He was ready to go to Arkansas but he\\ncould not call in his band, cliained as he was. If he\\ncould go to them a free man, they would surrender.\\nGeneral Worth told him that he could not go; but\\nhe might send three or five of his men to carry his\\ntalk and that thirty, forty, or fifty days would be\\ngranted them. Calling five of his companions, the\\nchief gave them his talk reciting all his services and\\nhis claims upon his band, giving them forty sticks,\\nrepresenting forty days, the last and fortieth being\\nlarger than the rest and having blood upon it. Every\\nmember of his band must be in within forty days.\\nComing in of Wild Cat s Band. The messen-\\ngers departed, and with them old Micco, who had been\\ninstrumental in persuading Wild Cat to come in the\\nfirst time to General (then Colonel) Worth s camp. In\\nten days Micco returned with six warriors and a num-\\nber of women and children. Small parties continued\\nto arrive. At first the chief was sad and dejected, but\\ngradually brightened and when he learned at the end\\nQ. What did General Worth do when he heard of the cap-\\nture of Wild Cat What is to be said of this Seminole as a\\nleader? Give an account of the meeting. What did General\\nWorth say Wild Cat must do? Give Coacoochee s reply.\\n259", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0279.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "of the month that all were in, he was much relieved,\\nand requested that his chains be taken off, that he\\nmight meet his men like a man This was done.\\nGaily bedecked in his turban of crimson silk in which\\nwaved three ostrich plumes, with his breast covered\\nwith glittering silver ornaments, his colored frock fas-\\ntened by a red silk girdle into which a scalping knife\\nwas thrust, his legs encased in red leggins and orna-\\nmented moccasins, arrayed in all this magnificence,\\nCoacoochee was rowed to the beach. Stepping ashore,\\nhe gave a shrill war-whoop, which reechoed in the for-\\nests and was repeated by his warriors. He then passed\\non to headquarters, and saluted General Worth after\\nthis he addressed his people, thanking them for obey-\\ning his summons, and declaring that he was done with\\nwar. The rifle is hid, he said, and the white and\\nred man are friends.\\nWild Cat was not the great warrior he imagined\\nhimself, yet he desired to appear so, and was anxious\\nto increase his influence in the West by in-\\n184 1 ducing as many as possible to go with him.\\nAt his wish, the army ceased operating in\\nsome degree, except on the frontier, though scouting\\nparties still patrolled the country.\\nCoacoochee Influences Certain Chiefs to\\nCome in. A messenger from Wild Cat brought in\\nhis brother Otulkee and five companions. Otulkee\\ngave Coacoochee a message from Hospetarkee, that\\nQ. Give General Worth s reply. Tell of the chief s send-\\ning for his band. Tell of the coming of the Indians. How\\ndid Wild Cat behave? Describe his attire when he was\\nrowed to the beach. How did he act on shore? What did\\nhe declare to his people?\\n260", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0280.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "he was coming to see him. Wild Cat went out to\\nmeet him, and induced him to come in for a talk\\nwhich took place on board a transport, where Hospe-\\ntarkee, with eighteen of his followers, was held. When\\nW^ild Cat visited Tiger Tail, the latter insisted on\\nconversing with Alligator, who was then be-\\nOct. yond the Mississippi. On his arrival, Alli-\\ngator had an interview with Tiger Tail and\\nHalleck-Tustenuggee, but accomplished nothing be-\\nyond the surrender of a part of their bands in October.\\nIn this month Coacoochee and Hospetarkee asked\\nto be sent to their future homes. Accordingly, they\\nand their warriors, two hundred and eleven in all,\\nsailed for New Orleans, and from there to Arkansas.\\nSubsequent History of Coacoochee. This\\nChief was always a protector of the negroes among the\\nSeminoles. In 1850 he went from the Indian Terri-\\ntory to Mexico with three hundred negroes whom the\\nCreeks were endeavoring to enslave, and for a time\\nremained with them in that country. Two years later\\nhe returned, and, though pursued, escaped with a\\nnumber of slaves belonging to the Creeks. He was\\nafterwards heard of at the head of a band of Coman-\\nches.\\nIndians of Cypress Swamp. In the Big Cypress\\nSwamp the desperate characters of all the Semi-\\nQ. Why did Wild Cat wish others to go with him?\\nWhat influence did his wish have on the movements of the\\ntroops? Tell of Otulkee and Hospetarkee. On what did\\nTiger Tail insist? What did Alligator accomplish? Give\\nthe number carried west with Coacoochee and Hospetarkee.\\nGive the subsequent history of Coacoochee.\\n261", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0281.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "From Mrs. Moore IVillson s Seminoles of Florida\\nONE OF THE LAST BATTLE-FIELDS OF THE THE SEMINOLE WAR.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0282.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "nole tribes assembled, as well as some Creeks\\nfrom Georgia. The prophet, a Creek, held\\n1 84 1 complete sway, and woe to the man, white\\nAug. or red, who dared to appear among them.\\nSole-Micco, a Seminole chief, came into a\\npost below Pease Creek in August, hotly pursued by\\nwarriors from the prophet s band.\\nFurther Movements. A land and naval expedi-\\ntion went through the Everglades, and also through\\nthe extremity of the peninsula and the Big Cypress\\nSwamp. Indian fields and huts were destroyed but\\nthe Indians themselves escaped to the coast, although\\nthose who fled to the southeast fell into the hands of\\nMajor Wade. War became continual. There w^ere\\nnow no hiding-places for the Indians and powder and\\nball began to be too scarce for hunting, which was\\nalso dangerous, since the sound of the rifle would be-\\ntray the hunter. Small bands, however, kept\\nDec. up a state of uneasiness in various parts of\\n20 the territory. When the men of Mandarin\\nwere absent on a hunt, Halleck-Tustenuggee\\nfell on the town, and killed two men, two women, and\\none child. As Mandarin was within twelve\\n1842 miles of Jacksonville, great consternation\\nFeb. 5 prevailed. About this time sixty-seven of\\nApr. the warriors of Billy Bowlegs and Sam Jones\\n10 were taken. In February of the following\\nyear two hundred and thirty Seminoles were\\nQ. What was the character of the Indians in the Big Cy-\\npress Swamp? Who held sway over them? Tell of a land\\nand naval expedition. What was the condition of the In-\\ndians? Relate the attack on Mandarin. What warriors\\nwere taken? What can you say of Halleck-Tustenuggee?\\n263", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0283.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "carried from the country, and one hundred more in\\nApril.\\nGeneral Worth himself took charge of the pursuit\\nof Halleck-Tustenuggee, the most active and vindic-\\ntive of all the chiefs. A perfect master of woodcraft,\\nhe would often cover his tracks so completely that\\npursuit was impossible. When General\\n1842 Worth supposed that he had the chief com-\\npletely surrounded in the Pilaklikaha Swamp,\\nhis band, dividing into small parties, escaped through\\nthe lines. He was persuaded to come in for a talk\\nby his father-in-law, King of the Lakes and a sec-\\nond time at Fort King, where General Worth secured\\nhim. His band was seized at a feast, numbering\\nthirty-two warriors and thirty-eight women and chil-\\ndren, a number small, but sufficient to keep the coun-\\ntry in a state of alarm.\\nWest of the Suwannee dwelt Halpater-Tustenug-\\ngee, chief of a band of Creeks and outlaws. In revenge\\nfor the destruction of his settlement, he crossed the\\nSuwannee, attacked a settler s family, fired on some\\ntroops, and succeeded in joining Octiarche in Waca-\\nsassa Hammock.\\nIn February General Worth, calculating that one\\nhundred and twelve warriors and one hundred and\\neighty-nine women and children remained,\\nFeb. recommended that these be allowed to reside\\ntemporarily below Pease Creek. The re-\\ncommendation was not at first received with\\nfavor, but was finally approved in the Presi-\\ndent s message, May 10, and orders were issued ac-\\ncordingly.\\nWar Announced as Ended. On the 14th of Au-\\n264", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0284.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "gust General Worth issued general order No. 28,\\nannouncinc: that the war was closed. To the\\nSEMINOLE RESERVATION.\\nAug. 14\\nfew Indians remaining was assigned a territory\\nextending from the mouth of Pease Creek\\nto the fork of its southern branch, thence\\nto the head of Lake Istokpoga, thence down to\\nthe Kissimee, from where the line ran to Lake Okee-\\nchobee, striking from here through the Everglades to\\n265", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0285.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "the Shark River, and thence running along the coast\\nto the point of original departure. To pro-\\n1842 tect settlers from attacks of the Indians,\\nblock-houses were established in the habit-\\nable part of the country.\\nGeneral Worth now proceeded to Washington,\\nwhere he was received with great consideration, and\\nwas presented by the President with a commission of\\nbrigadier-general, conferred for his gallantry and\\nhighly distinguished services\\nRenewed Hostility. While negotiations were\\ngoing on with the Indians, Colonel Vose received news\\nthat a party of ten had attacked San Pedro in Madison\\ncounty, the most popular section of the country. Much\\ncriticism was evoked by this circumstance against the\\nmethods taken to bring the war to a close, and\\norders came from the War Department to muster the\\nmilitia to punish the Indians. But Colonel\\nNov. Vose wisely refrained from acting, explain-\\ning the true state of affairs. General Worth\\nresumed command in November. Octiarche and Tiger\\nTail had been for some time carrrying on negotiations,\\nalways accompanied by demands for rations and whis-\\nkey. Finding out that Octiarche would likely be in-\\nvolved in difBculties with Billy Bowlegs over the posi-\\ntion of head-chief. General Worth had him secured\\nand soon after effected the capture of Tiger Tail and\\nQ. Tell of his escape from General Worth. How was he\\nsecured? How was his band captured? Where did Hal-\\npater-Tustenuggee operate? What did he do to revenge the\\ndestruction of his settlement? Give the number of Indians\\nin Florida at this time. What did General Worth recom-\\nmend? What order did he issue? Give the territory as-\\nsigned to the Seminoles.\\n266", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0286.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "his warriors. On the Ocklochonee Colonel Hitch-\\ncock pursued Pascoffer so closely as to compel him\\nto surrender with his party of thirty w^omen and chil-\\nINDIAN TEKKITORV, IS46\\ndren and twenty-nine warriors. Sam Jones and Billy\\nBowlegs were the only chiefs now remaining in the\\ncountry.\\nEnd of the Seminole War. The war was con-\\nQ. How were the settlers to be protected? How was\\nGeneral Worth treated at Washington? What place was\\nsuddenly attacked? What orders did Colonel Vose receive\\nfrom Washington? What did he do in regard to them?\\nTell of the capture of Octiarche. Whom did Colonel Hitch-\\ncock capture? What chiefs remained in the country? To\\nwhom was the credit of ending the war given?\\n267", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0287.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "sidered as closed. Though his methods were by some\\ncriticised, all agreed in giving General Worth\\n1842 the credit for solving in a most economical\\nway the question that had puzzled all his pre-\\ndecessors, and for ending the war.\\nIn November, 1843, General Worth calculated that\\nthere were in Florida forty-two Seminoles,\\n1843 thirty-three Miccosukies, ten Creeks, ten Tal-\\nNov. lahassees in all ninety-five warriors, to\\nwhich two hundred and five was to be added\\n1845 for women and children. Two years later\\nCaptain Sprague estimated the entire number\\nat three hundred and sixty. At this time Sam Jones\\nwas ninety-two years old.\\nFrom December 28, 1835, to August 14, 1842, rep-\\nresents a period of nearly seven years of the\\n1835 most disgraceful war the United States ever\\nDec. waged with a weaker nation. Her best gen-\\n28 erals had been employed, and her entire army,\\nnumbering at one time under General Jesup\\n1842 nearly nine thousand men against scarcely\\nAug. more than two thousand warriors, at a cost\\n14 of forty millions of dollars. She lost one\\nthousand four hundred and sixty-six soldiers,\\ntwo hundred and fifteen of them officers.\\nSince 1842 the Indians have committed depreda-\\ntions on two separate occasions, but a short campaign\\nof the State troops sufificed each time to drive them\\nback to their territory.\\nQ. Give some estimates of the number of Seminoles re-\\nmaining in Florida. How old was Sam Jones in 1845? How\\nlong did the war last? What can you say of it? Give the\\nforce employed and the cost. How many men did the United\\nStates lose? What depredations have the Seminoles commit-\\nted since 1842?\\n268", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0288.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nTERRITORIAL GOVERNORS ADMISSION OF\\nFLORIDA INTO THE UNION\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RAILROADS-\\nFLORIDA IN i860.\\nGovernor R. K. Call, and Other Governors.\\nWni. P. Duval remained governor of the\\n1822-34 territory of Florida until 1834, when Presi-\\nJackson appointed in his place General John\\nB. Eaton, who had been a member of Jack-\\nson s cabinet, and was\\nfamous for his marriage\\nwith Peg O Neil. Re-\\nsigning in 1835,\\n1835-39 General Eaton\\nwas succeeded\\nby another of Jackson s\\nold o fifi c e r s\\n1841-44 General Rich-\\nard Keith Call.\\nGovernor Call was born\\nnear Petersburg, Va., in\\n1 79 1, served as an aide\\nto General Jackson in\\nthe wars of the early part\\nof the present century,\\nand for this reason looked upon himself as one of the\\nfounders of the nation. He was a member of the first\\nlegislative council of Florida, and its first territorial\\ndelegate in Congress. President Jackson appointed\\nhim governor of Florida in 1835, an office which he\\n269\\nGOV. R. K. CALL, 1835-4O, 184I-44.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0289.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "held until December, 1839, when he lost it because of\\na controversy with the Secretary of War in Van\\nBuren s cabinet. For a time Governor Call com-\\nmanded the troops operating against the Seminoles.\\nAfter his removal from office he turned Whig and\\nworked to secure the election of Harrison, by whom\\nhe was reappointed governor in March, 1841, which\\nhe continued to be till August, 1844. He was never\\nforgiven by the people of Florida for turning Whig,\\nand for this reason he failed in 1845 to secure the elec-\\ntion to the governorship of the new State. General\\nCall took great interest in the upbuilding of Florida.\\nHe himself planned and had constructed the third\\nrailroad in the United States, from Tallahassee to\\nPort Leon near St. Marks. At the opening of the\\nCivil War he was one of the few Southern men who\\ndid not advocate secession, though he defended the\\ninstitution of slavery. The second year of the war saw\\nthe end of his life, September, 1862.\\nOn the removal of Governor Call in 1839 President\\nVan Buren appointed as his successor Robert\\n1839-41 Raymond Reed (1839-41). After his second\\n1844-45 term Governor Call was succeeded in 1844\\nby John Branch (1844-45), who had been Sec-\\nretary of War for President Jackson. Governor\\nBranch was in oflfice at the time Florida was admitted\\nas a State into the Union.\\nAdmission of Florida into the Union. For a\\nnumber of years a warm discussion was kept up\\nQ. Who succeeded Governor Duval? Who became gov-\\nernor on the resignation of Governor Eaton? Why did Gen-\\neral Call regard himself as one of the founders of the nation?\\nWhat offices did he hold? Who appointed him governor the\\nsecond time?\\n270", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0290.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "whether Florida should be admitted into the Union as\\na single State, or as two, East and West Florida,\\nwhich would require her to wait until each section\\nshould have a sufficient population to enter alone.\\nOnce or twice the question of waiting was referred to\\nthe people of the territory and it was decided at the\\npolls not to wait.\\nA convention assembled at St. Josephs on the 3rd\\nof December, 1838, to frame a constitution\\n1838 preparatory to asking for admission; but at\\nDec. 3 this time the population of the territory was\\nnot sufficient and though later a petition was\\n1845 addressed to Congress, the bill admitting\\nMch. 3 Florida to the Union was not passed till 1845,\\nreceiving the President s signature of ap-\\nproval on the 3rd of March. A motion in the House\\nof Representatives to form two States was lost.\\nAccording to the constitution of the new State the\\nGovernor was to serve for a term of four years with a\\nsalary of one thousand two hundred dollars. In case\\nof ^his death the president of the Senate was to\\nfill the chair left vacant. Senators were to be elected\\nfor two years, representatives for one, and these\\nlatter were not to exceed sixty in number.\\nThe legislature was to meet annually on the first Mon-\\nday of November. United States courts were also\\nestablished, but the old officers of the territorial coiu ts\\nQ. Why did Governor Call fail to be elected governor of\\nthe new State? What railroad did he build? What were his\\nviews at the opening of the Civil War? Give his successors.\\nWhat warm discussion was kept up for a number of years?\\nWhat convention was held in 1838? When did the bill ad-\\nmilting Florida to the Union receive the President s signa-\\nture?\\n271", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0291.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "were continued in office owing to suits in which the\\ngeneral government was involved.\\nFlorida had at first only one representative in the\\nHouse of Representatives at Washington. This rep-\\nFLORIDA IN 1S46.\\nresentation was not changed till the census of 1870,\\ntwo representatives being sent to Congress for the first\\ntime in 1872.\\nAs a supplementary act to the bill of admission,\\nCongress set aside section number sixteen of every\\n272", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0292.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "township for school purposes, and two entire town-\\nships for two seminaries, one east, the other west of\\nthe Suwannee. Five per cent, of all public lands sold\\nwithin the State by Congress was also set aside for\\neducation. At this time the Register of Public Lands\\nacted also as Superintendent of Education.\\nRepudiation. It will be remembered that in the\\n30 s several banks were established whose capital was\\nwholly or in part guaranteed by the territory.\\n1845 After the failure of the Union Bank the judi-\\nciary conmiittee of the legislature decided in\\n1840 that the territory was not liable for the debt of\\nthe bank, on the ground that the governor and the\\nlegislature could not pledge the faith and credit of the\\npeople. All the governors, except Governor Call,\\nfostered this belief. When it became necessary for the\\nnew State to assume this indebtedness, she adopted a\\nscheme of repudiation based on the idea that her new\\nform of government released her from all former obli-\\ngations with regard to the bank. At the same time\\nthe State also repudiated the debt arising from the op-\\nerations of the Bank of Pensacola and from the South-\\nern Life Lisurance and Trust Company. In all three\\nmillion nine hundred thousand dollars were repudi-\\nated.\\nFirst State Election. On the 5th of April.\\n1845, Governor Branch issued a writ fixing the 26th\\nof May as the date for the election of a gov-\\nQ. Give the length of the governor s term of office and his\\nsalary. Give the term of office of the senators and repre-\\nsentatives, and the number of the latter; the day of meeting\\nof the legislature. How many representatives did Florida\\nhave? When were two first elected? What did Congress do\\nfor education? Who was Superintendent of Education?\\n19 273", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0293.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "ernor, a legislature and a representative to the national\\nCongress. The legislature was to be com-\\nposed of seventeen senators and forty-one\\nrepresentatives.\\nAfter the votes had been counted, it was found that\\nthe Democratic nominee for governor, William D.\\nMoseley, was elected over his opponent R. K. Call,\\nthe Whig candidate, and that David Levy, a Demo-\\ncrat, was returned as representative at Washington.\\nThe first legislature met at Tallahassee June 23, but\\nadjourned the same day on account of the death of\\nGeneral Jackson. On July i two United States sena-\\ntors were elected, David Levy and James D. Wescott,\\nJr., both Democrats. As Mr. Levy had previously\\nbeen elected the representative, an election was held\\nin October to fill the vacancy. So close was the vote\\nthat it became necessary for Congress to decide the\\ncontested seat. Congress gave the seat to\\n1845 the Democratic candidate, Brockenbrough,\\nthough the Whig, Cabell, seems to have had\\na slight majority. However, Mr. Cabell became rep-\\nresentative at the election held the following year, and\\ncontinued to hold the office for several sessions of Con-\\ngress.\\nWilliam D. Moseley, Governor: 1845-1849.\\nDuring 1846 Congress offered for sale over a million\\nacres of public land, on Tampa Bay, on the Withlacoo-\\nQ. On what ground was it decided that the territory was\\nnot liable for the debt of the Union Bank? What scheme of\\nrepudiation was adopted when Florida became a State?\\nHow much was repudiated in all? What election was held\\non May 26? Give the size of the legislature. Who was the\\nfirst governor of the new State? Who was the first represen-\\ntative? Who were the first senators?\\n274", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0294.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "chee River, ami on the Atlantic Ocean south of Mos-\\nquito Inlet. The year was also marked by a severe\\nstorm which left scarcely a house in Key West with a\\nroof. At Key West the wreckers during\\n1846 this year recovered over one million\\nsix hundred thousand dollars of prop-\\nerty from the ships wrecked on the Florida reefs.\\nThis volume of business done by the wreckers\\nwas due to the use of charts made during the rule of\\nSpain and of Great Britain, and showed the need of\\na better survey of the coast, or of a canal across the\\npeninsula.\\nAt the October\\nelection the WHiigs\\nsucceeded in obtain-\\ning a majority in the\\nlegislature on joint\\nballot and were thus\\nenabled to send a\\nWhig senator\\n1847 to Washington.\\nAn amendment\\nto the constitution\\nwas adopted at this\\ntime to the efifect that\\nthe legislature should i-ov. wh.i.iam d. moselev. 1S45-1S49.\\nhereafter meet biennially instead of annually.\\nThomas Brown, Governor: 1849-1853. In Oc-\\ntober, 1848, Thomas Brown, a Whig, was elected to\\nthe governorship. A question arose concern-\\n1848 ing the time from which Governor Moseley s\\nterm should be dated, from October, 1844,\\nor 1845, or from May, 1845, the date of the first\\n275", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0295.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "1848\\nelection. At Governor Brown s request that the\\nquestion be settled as soon as possible, the\\nlegislature decided that Governor Moseley s\\nterm of office should expire in October, 1849. The\\nWilmot Proviso came up at this session of the legis-\\nlature, and this body decided that Florida should stand\\nby the other Southern states in demanding that slavery\\nbe allowed south of the Missouri line. Laws were en-\\nacted at this time for establishing the public schools\\nprovided for in the constitution. Governor Brown s\\nmessage to the legislature complains that Florida was\\nmaking very slow progress.\\nAt the meeting\\nof the legislature in\\n1850-51 a Supreme\\nCourt was es-\\n1850-51 tablished, con-\\nsisting of a\\nchief-justice and asso-\\nliBnitfinii ini V J^^H ciate judges who were\\n9IH^ llteitfi^^ J^^^m ^o\\\\(\\\\ four annual ses-\\n^^^Bfl| ^^^^^K sions. The election of\\n^Kr ^^^^^^^m these judges and of the\\n^^^^^^^^K judges of the circuit\\ncourt was referred to\\n1:he people. Senator\\nYulee* was succeeded\\nat this time by Stephen\\nQ. Tell of Mr. Levy s successor as representative. Men-\\ntion some of the things by which the year 1846 v^^as marked.\\nWhy were so many ships wrecked on the Florida reefs?\\nWhat party secured the upper hand in the legislature? What\\namendment to the constitution was adopted? Who was the\\nsecond governor? What question arose at this time?\\nThe name assumed by Senator Levy. Vulee is an anagram on Levy.\\n276\\nGOV. THOMAS BROWN, 1S49-53.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0296.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "R. Mallory, who afterwards l)ccanie the Confederate\\nSecretary of Navy.\\nJames E. Broome, Governor: 1853-1857.\\n1853 In 1853 Governor Brown was followed in the\\ngovernorship by the third governor, James\\nE. Broome, of Tallahassee.\\nA question having arisen as to the advisa-\\n1854 bilitv of retaining the capital of the State at\\nTallahassee, the matter was referred to a vote\\nof the people, by whom it was decided that no change\\nshould be made.\\nIn 1848 the Indians\\nin the south-\\n1855 ern end of\\nthe peninsula\\nbecame troublesome,\\nbut a short campaign\\nof the State troops\\ndrove them back into\\ntheir bounds. A more\\nserious outbreak oc-\\ncurred in 1855, which\\nlasted for some time,\\nand which cost the\\nState two hundred and\\ntwenty-five thousand\\ndollars to quell.\\nThe twelfth article\\nGOV. JAMES E. BROOME, 1853-57.\\nQ. How was it decided? What did the legislature decide\\nconcerning the Wilniot Proviso What did Governor\\nBrown think of the State s progress? What court was es-\\ntablished by the legislature of 1850-51? Name Senator Yulee s\\nsuccessor. Name the third governor. What question was\\ndecided in 1854? What Indian troubles occurred?\\n277", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0297.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "of the constitution of Florida required that all public\\nimprovements should be encouraged. Accordingly,\\nin this year an act of the legislature authorized the\\nissue of bonds to aid railroads to the amount of ten\\nthovisand later increased to sixteen thousand dol-\\nlars per mile. The State was to have a first mortgage\\nlien on the property of the roads, and the governor was\\nto seize and sell them for the State in case of failure\\nto pay interest or principal. Under this act four mil-\\nlion dollars of bonds were aftei-wards issued for the\\nFlorida Central and Jacksonville, Pensacola, and Mo-\\nbile Railways, the bonds of these roads being taken in\\nMarion Starke Per-\\nry, Governor: 1857-\\n186 1. In 1857 Marion\\nStarke Perry, of\\n1 1857 Alachua county,\\nsucceeded Gov-\\nernor Broome. During\\nthis administration sev-\\neral railroads were begun,\\nthough till 1861 the only\\ncompleted road was the\\nshort one from Tallahas-\\nsee to St. Marks. In 1861\\nthe line of railway run-\\nning from Fernandina to\\nCedar Keys was brought to completion. During\\n1859 and i860 three other roads were graded and laid\\nwith irons for a part of their distance.\\nFlorida took a prominent part in the events of i860\\nwhich preceded the outbreak of the war in 1861 be-\\n278\\nGOV. MARION S. PERRY, 1S57-61.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0298.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "tween the North and the South. At the Democratic\\nconvention held in Charleston in i860 her delegates\\nwere among the first to follow Alabama s lead in with-\\ndrawing, an act which was one of the great forerunners\\nof the secession of the Southern States. Governor\\nPerry Avas in full sympathy with the advocates of se-\\ncession, and when the legislature met in November,\\ni860, he recommended that Florida should withdraw\\nimmediately from the Union.\\nFlorida in i860. The census of 1830 gave Florida\\na population of 34,730, which number had by i860\\nbecome 140,439. The value of the real and\\ni860 personal property of the State was over\\neighty millions of dollars, a large part of it\\nbeing in slaves. Farming and cattle raising formed\\nthe chief industries. Florida was not yet regarded as\\na vast garden for tropical fruits. Several railroads\\nwere in the process of construction, and others had\\nbeen projected.\\nSince 1849 pi-^hhc education had been fostered,\\nthough not as much was accomplished as might have\\nbeen. There were in i860 ninety-seven pubHc schools,\\nwhich were attended by a little over two thousand pu-\\npils but the children who received instruction were\\nmainly educated in private institutions, of which there\\nwere at this time one hundred and thirty-eight acade-\\nmies and other schools, with over four thousand schol-\\nQ. What did the twelfth article of the constitution require?\\nWhat act was passed by the legislature? Give the amount\\nof bonds issued under this act. Who succeeded Governor\\nBrown? What can you say of railroads during his adminis-\\ntration? What part did Florida take in the events preceding\\nthe Civil War? How was Governor Perry disposed towards\\nsecession?\\n279", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0299.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "ars. The school fund yielded in i860 a little over\\ntwenty-two thousand dollars. In 1853 the East Flor-\\nida Seminary opened its doors at Ocala,* and four\\nyears later the West Florida Seminary began work at\\nTallahassee.\\nJohn Milton, Governor: 1861-1865. John Mil-\\nton, of Jackson county, was elected governor at the\\nelection of i860. Governor Milton entered on the\\nduties of his ofifice in 1861 and continued to perform\\nthem during the trying years of the war till his death,\\nApril I, 1865.\\nQ. State some things showing the condition of Florida in\\ni860. What was the state of pubHc instruction at this time?\\nof private instruction? What two seminaries had been estab-\\nHshed? Who was elected governor in i860?\\nMoved to Gainesville in iS66.\\n28c", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0300.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "GOV. JOHN MILTON, 1861-65.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0301.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXI,\\nCIVIL WAR: SECESSION\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SEIZURE OF FORTS\\nAND ARSENALS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FORT PICKENS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OPERA-\\nTIONS OF 1861\u00e2\u0080\u0094 COAST HELD BY NORTHERN\\nFORCES.\\nWithdrawal of Florida from the Union.\\nWhen the legislature of Florida assembled\\ni860 at Tallahassee on the 26th of November,\\nNov. i860, Governor M. S. Perry recommended\\n26 to it that a convention be called in order that\\nthe State might immediately sever her con-\\nDec. I nection with the other States. Accordingly,\\na call was issued December i, for a con-\\n1861 vention of delegates to meet at Tallahassee\\nJan. 3 on the third day of the following January.\\nAt the appointed time the delegates assem-\\nbled, and after an opening prayer from Bishop Rut-\\nledge, elected Colonel Petit chairman of their body.\\nAn address was made by Mr. Spratt, a gentleman from\\nSouth Carolina, which had already passed an ordi-\\nnance of secession, urging Florida to follow the ex-\\nample of his native State. A set of resolutions adopted\\nby the senators of the Seven Cotton States that in their\\nopinion their States ought to withdraw from the\\nUnion, was forwarded to the convention from Wash-\\nQ. What recommendation did Governor Perry make?\\nWhen and where did the convention meet? Who offered the\\nopening prayer? Who presided over the convention as\\nchairman? Tell of Mr. Spratt. What resolutions were for-\\nwarded by Senator Mallory? What was Florida declared?\\nOn what date?\\n282", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0302.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "ington by Senator Mallory. Not long after their ar-\\nrival Florida was on the loth of January de-\\nJan. Glared through her delegates in convention\\nlo assembled an independent and sovereign na-\\ntion. The ordinance was passed by a vote of\\nsixty-two to seven, many of the delegates voting for\\nit, though they had been instructed to vote against\\nsecession. Alabama withdrew from the Union on the\\nsame day. Previous to this South Carolina and Mis-\\nsissippi had passed an ordinance of secession. That\\nFlorida should presume to declare herself an inde-\\npendent nation, a territory purchased from Spain,\\ncosting over forty millions of dollars for the Seminole\\nWar and for fortifications, with a population in i860\\nof only 78,686 whites and 61,753 negro slaves with-\\nout a voice in the matter, aroused the special indigna-\\ntion of the north.\\nYuLEE, Mallory, Hawkins. Although the State\\nhad withdrawn from the Union on the loth\\nJan. of January, her representatives at Washing-\\n21 ton did not resign till the 21st, when the first\\nsenator to retire publicly from the Senate.\\nMr. Yulee from Florida, arose and delivered a speech\\nof farewell, justifying his course of action. His col-\\nleague, Mr. Mallory, followed, also stating his rea-\\nsons for withdrawing. In the House of Representa-\\ntives the first man to bid that body farewell was Mr.\\nHawkins, the sole Representative from Florida.\\nDavid Levy Yulee, originally David Levy, was born\\nin the West Indies in 181 1, from where he\\nmoved to Florida. When Florida was ad-\\nmitted as a State in 1845, he was her first\\nrepresentative at Washington but in the same year\\n283", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0303.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "gave up his seat to become senator, which office\\nhe also filled a second time, as well as\\n1861 becoming a senator from Florida in the Con-\\nfederate Congress. After the war Mr. Yulee\\nmade a large fortune through the development of rail-\\nroads. His death occurred in New York in 1886.\\nStephen Russell Mallory was born in Trinidad in\\n181 3, whence\\n1813 he moved to\\n1873 Key West,\\nwhere he stud-\\nied law and enjoyed a\\nlarge practice. Mr. Mal-\\nlory served in the United\\nStates Army during the\\nSeminole War, was\\nelected to the National\\nSenate in 1851 and again\\nin 1857, and refused the\\nposition of minister to\\nSpain o fT e r e d him\\nby President Buchanan.\\nWhile in the Senate, Mr. Mallory served for a long\\nperiod as chairman of the Senate Naval Committee\\nand as long as the Confederacy lasted served as its\\nSecretary of Navy. After his release from Fort La-\\nfayette, where he was imprisoned at the end of the war,\\nhe returned to Pensacola, to which he had moved from\\nKey West in 1858. He died at Pensacola in 1873.\\nQ. Give the voting on the ordinance. What States had\\nalready seceded? Give some reasons why special wrath was\\naroused by the action of Florida. Who was the first senator\\nat Washington to bid the senate farewell? Who was the other\\nsenator from Florida? Who was the representative? What\\nwas Mr. Yulee s original name? Give an account of his life.\\n284\\nScharf, C. S. Navy.\\nHON. STEPHEN R. MALLORY,\\nSEC. OK NAVY, C. S. A.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0304.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "Of Florida s sole representative at Washington in\\ni860, George S. Hawkins, not much can be said, ex-\\ncept that he was a man of wonderful constitution, as is\\nshown by his marriages, six in number. Mr. Haw-\\nkins served with distinction through the Seminole\\nWar.\\nFlorida in the Confederacy. Dele-\\nJan. 18 gates had been appointed on the i8th of Janu-\\nary to meet, in Montgomery, Ala., the dele-\\nFeb. 4 gates of six other States for the purpose of\\nforming with them a new government. The\\nFeb. 17 convention met on the fourth day of the fol-\\nlowing month. By the 17th of February\\nFlorida had become one of the Confederate States of\\nAmerica.\\nSeizure of Forts and Arsenals. Four days be-\\nfore the ordinance of secession was passed,\\n1 861 the Ouincy Guards took possession of the\\nIgnited States arsenal at Apalachicola with\\nJan. 7 500.000 musket cartridges, 300,000 rifle car-\\ntridges, and 50,000 pounds of powder. One\\nday later the State troops at St. Augustine marched\\nfrom the Plaza to Fort Marion, which surrendered\\nwithout resistance. In the western corner of the State,\\nwhere the United States had been spending large sums\\non fortifications at the mouth of Pensacola\\nJan. 12 Bay, the State troops secured possession by\\nthe 1 2th of January of the navy yard seven\\nmiles down the western side of the bay from Pensa-\\nQ. Where was Mr. Mallory born? Tell something of his\\nlife. What position did he occupy in the Confederacy? Give\\nwhat is said of Mr. Hawkins. Why were delegates appointed\\nfor a convention at Montgomery, Ala.? When were the\\nConfederate States formed?\\n285", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0305.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "cola; of Fort Barrancas below the navy yard, a place\\nwell able to resist an attack from the water side, and\\nof Fort McRae, still further down the bay, a weak po-\\nsition except as a water battery. Bvit Fort Pickens,\\non the western end of a long, narrow strip of sand\\nlying before the mouth of the liarbor, known as Santa\\nRosa Island, was held by a small garrison of United\\nvStates troops. Fort Pickens and Fort McRae com-\\nPl.AZA, ST. AUGUSTINK\\nCc.r. Sf. Aiisuiline.\\nmanded the entrance to Pensacola Bay. The former\\nwas a strong position, but not yet complete, although\\nit had been building since 1838; in consequence of\\nQ. Who seized the arsenal at Apalachicola? What am-\\nmunition was secured? What place surrendered on the 7th\\nGive the fortifications on Pensacola Bay. When did the\\nState troops take possession of those on the mainland? What\\nforts commanded the entrance to Pensacola Bay? In what\\ncondition was Fort Pickens?\\n286", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0306.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "which it was necessary to complete the fortifications\\nby means of sand bags, especially on the side of the\\nharbor, whence an attack would now come moreover,\\nonly about one-fourth of the complement of two hun-\\ndred and ten gims were furnished with carriages.\\nAn attempt was made on the night of the 8th to take\\nBarrancas by surprise, but the guards were\\nJan. 8 alert and the drawbridge up; and so the at-\\n1861 tacking party of about twenty men beat a\\nhasty retreat. In charge of the garrison of\\nBurgert, Key West.\\nFORT TAYLOR, KEY WEST.\\nforty-six men at this fort was Lieutenant Adam J.\\nSlemmer, who after consultation with the commander\\nat the navy yard carried over his small force, aug-\\nmented by thirty ordinary seamen from the yard, to\\nFort Pickens, where he would be less liable\\nJan. 10 to a surprise by land, and could command\\nthe harbor. On the morning of the day of\\nhis removal, January 10, Lieutenant Slemmer de-\\nstroyed all the powder at Fort Barrancas that could\\n287", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0307.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "not be carried away, and also spiked the guns bearing\\non the harbor. He refused to surrender Fort Pickens\\nat the demand of the officer in command of the Florida\\nand Alabama troops collected at Pensacola, Colonel\\nChase, on the 12th, and again on the 15th and 18th.\\nAt the navy yard Commander James Armstrong\\nsurrendered on January 12th to Colonel Lo-\\nJan. 12 max, who secured in addition to the yard\\nordnance stores to the amount of $156,000.\\nBuigeit, k v ll rst.\\nVIEW AT FORT JEFFERSON, DRY TORTUGAS.\\nThe United States flag was lowered by order of Lieu-\\ntenant Renshaw, and its place taken by a flag contain-\\ning thirteen alternate stripes of red and white and a\\nblue field with a single white star.\\nQ. When was an attempt made to surprise Barrancas?\\nWhy did it fail? Give Lieutenant Slemmer s reasons for re-\\ntiring to Fort Pickens. How many men had he? What did\\nhe do? Who commanded the State troops at Pensacola?\\nHow often, was Lieutenant Slemmer called on to surrender?\\nGive the surrender of the Navy Yard. Describe the new\\nflag. What important ports did United States troops occupy?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0308.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "At Key West Captain Brannan garrisoned Fort\\nTaylor for the United States on the 14th, and\\nJan. 14 four days later Major Arnold of the United\\nJan. 18 States forces occupied Fort Jefferson in the\\nTortugas, both places important as com-\\nmanding the Gulf of Mexico.\\nFlorida s Part in the War. The fate of Florida\\ndepended on that of the other Southern States, so that\\nall the United States need do was to get pos-\\n1861 session of her coast, in order to prevent the\\nimportation of arms and ammunition, which\\ncould be easily brought in through numerous bays and\\ninlets well adapted for blockade-running. Although\\nthere were no great campaigns in the State, Florida\\nfreely gave her soldiers, about ten thousand, for the\\nConfederate cause, and nobly and bravely did they\\nuphold her honor. Cut Florida s greatest work was\\nin supplying provisions, especially beef obtained from\\nthe vast herds of Middle and South Florida, the latter\\nfurnishing in 1864 as many as two thousand head of\\ncattle every week. The salt with which this beef was\\nsalted was made at the numerous works erected on the\\ncoast, particidarly on the Gulf side. If there was only\\none battle of much consequence within the borders of\\nthe State, yet the many plundering expeditions of\\nNorthern soldiers kept the few Confederates busy dur-\\ning the last years of the war but for the present the\\neyes of the whole country were on Pensacola Bay.\\nFort Pickens. The possession of Fort Pickens\\nmeant the control of Pensacola Bay, which it com-\\nmanded and Pensacola Bay formed an excellent basis\\nfor the control of the Gulf of Mexico, a desiralile thing\\nfor both the North and the South. Now would have", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0309.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "been the time for the Confederates to capture Fort\\nPickens, while it was ahnost without a garrison, and\\ntheir troops in considerable numbers were\\n1 86 1 gathering at Pensacola from Alabama\\nand Florida but Colonel Chase thought it\\nbest to prepare for a siege and provide scal-\\nJan. ing ladders and six months provisions. On\\n29 the 29th of January Mr. Mallory effected an\\narrangement by which no reinforcements\\nwere to be thrown into Fort Pickens, unless it should\\nbe attacked and, on the other hand, the Con-\\nFeb. 6 federates were not to attack, unless first as-\\nsailed. Because of this agreement Major\\nIsrael Vogdes was not allowed on the sixth of Febru-\\nary to land the troops he had brought on the\\nMar.\\nBrooklyn, although he sent provisions to the\\nfort nor was the ship permitted even to enter\\nthe harbor. On the eleventh day of March Briga-\\ndier-General Braxton Bragg assumed command\\nof the Confederate forces at Pensacola. Before he\\ncould have guns and ammunition brought easily to\\nthis place, the branch railroad running north had to\\nbe completed. The work of erecting batteries and\\nstrengthening forts never ceased, and soon from the\\nwater-battery at Fort McRae to the navy yard there\\nwere four and a half miles of fortifications. Nineteen\\ndistinct batteries were planted, all well masked from\\nan enemy on the gulf or bay.\\nQ. What had the United States to do in the case of\\nFlorida? Why? How many soldiers did Florida furnish\\nfor the war? What was her great work? Where was the\\nbeef obtained? the salt? What was the nature of the fight-\\ning in Florida? Why were all eyes on Pensacola Bay? Why\\nwas now the time to capture Fort Pickens?\\n290", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0310.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "Reinforcement of Fort Pickens. Orders from\\nGeneral Scott to reinforce Fort Pickens with Major\\nVogdes s troops having been disregarded by Lieuten-\\nant Slemmer and by Captain Adams of the Sabine,\\nLieutenant Worden was despatched from Washington\\nwith an order for Captain Adams to land the men at\\nonce. Lieutenant Worden, having committed the\\nmessage to memory, stated on his arrival at Pensa-\\ncola, April 1 1 that he had a verbal message\\n1861 for Captain Adams, whom he was permitted\\nApr. II to visit the next day. He returned on the\\nevening of the same, and immediately left for\\nthe North, without the Confederates suspecting any-\\nFORT PICKE.NS.\\nthing wrong until the morning of the 13th, when it\\nwas discovered that Fort Pickens had been reinforced\\nduring the night. Lieutenant Worden did not, how-\\never, escape, for the Confederate authorities recogniz-\\nQ. What did Colonel Chase think best? What arrange-\\nment did Mr. Mallory effect? Give an instance in which it\\nwas kept. Who assumed command of the Confederates at\\nPensacola? What difficulty did he have first to overcome?\\nGive the extent of the Confederate fortifications. Who was\\ndespatched with an order for the reinforcement of Fort\\nPickens? Why?\\n291", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0311.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "ing, though too late, that he had caused the troops to\\nbe landed, had him arrested at Montgomery and im-\\nprisoned for six months. Three days later,\\nApr. 15 April 15, one thousand more men were added\\nto the garrison of P ort Pickens, and it was\\nApr. 17 made the headquarters of the Union forces in\\nFlorida, Colonel Harvey Brown command-\\nMay 2 ing. On the 17th the Powhatan arrived with\\norders to force an entrance into the harbor;\\nbut she did not do so, as the fort was unprepared to\\nstand a bombardment. A heavy supply of arms and\\nammunition was landed on the second day of May.\\nUnion Batteries on Santa Rosa Island. To\\nprevent an attack from the Confederates by way of the\\nisland, two batteries were erected at the distance of\\nabout four hundred yards from Fort Pickens, one on\\nthe harbor side, the other on the gulf side. About\\nthree fourths of a mile further Colonel Billy Wilson\\nwas encamped with a company of Zouaves, known as\\nUncle Sam s Pet Lambs and recruited from the\\ntoughest population of New York.\\nBlockade. On the sixth of May a strict blockade\\nwas established at Pensacola, and the next day two\\nvessels laden with provisions were not per-\\nMay 6 mitted to enter the harbor. Union vessels\\ni86t closed other ports of Florida at various times\\nduring the year. Key West was blockaded\\nQ. Tell about Lieutenant Worden s arrival and visit to\\nCaptain Adams. What was discovered by the Confederate\\nauthorities on the 13th? What was done with Lieutenant\\nWorden? Mention the other reinforcements and supplies\\nthrown into Fort Pickens. What did Pickens become? Tell\\nabout the Pou hatan. Describe the Union batteries and camp\\non Santa Rosa Island.\\n292", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0312.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "on June 8, but since the city could obtain pro\\\\asions\\nonly by sea the inhabitants were in danger\\nJune 8 of starvation, and the blockade had to be\\nraised. Matters were, however, simplified\\nby the expulsion in September of all Southern sym-\\npathizers.\\nDana, Forest King, Alvarado. The United\\nStates coast survey steamer Dana was seized at Pen-\\nsacola on the 15th of January. In June the Confed-\\nerate vessel Forest King was held in Key West as a\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^_J~ J^-^\\n.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0/\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0V\\nr -K;i-\\n-^ts^\\nJl\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0if\\nKEV WEST.\\nprize after being told by the officers of the Sabine, the\\nSouth Carolina, and the Huntsvillc that she might enter.\\nOfT Fernandma the United States warship Vincennes\\nran aground and burned the Alvarado, which had been\\nthe prize of the Confederate privateer Jeff Davis.\\nNumerous other captures made by one side or the\\nother could be related, but their very number forbids\\ndoing so.\\nPensacola, Naval Dock, the Judah. Ry the\\nlatter part of April General Bragg collected about\\nseven thousand men in and around Pensacola. As one\\npart of their defense the Confederates towed an im-\\n293", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0313.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "mense naval dock, which had cost a million and a half\\ndollars, out into the channel, where it had been partly\\nsunk to prevent the passage of ships but later they\\nhad raised it preparatory to moving it to a point in\\nfront of Fort McRae, where the channel was\\n1 86 1 narrower. In the meantime, however, before\\nSept. 2 the Confederates completed the removal, on\\nthe night of September 2, Lieutenant Ship-\\nley and eleven men rowed silently from Fort Pickens,\\nstowed combustible material in various parts of the\\nstructure, an-d then set fire to it, which spread so\\nrapidly that they barely escaped destruction from the\\nexplosion of the three Columbiad shells placed in the\\nboilers. 1 he next day only a few charred timbers\\nfloated at the mcorings of the once magni^cent do,k.\\nA few days later, on the night of the 13th, about\\none hundred marines came in a cutter and\\nSept. two launches from the Ignited States flagship\\n13 Colorado to the navy yard, in order to destroy\\nthe J ltd ah, which was lying at the wharf and\\nsupposed to fitting out for a privateer. They met a\\ndesperate resistance from the guard on board the ves-\\nsel, but finally succeeded in firing her and making\\ngood their own escape.\\nGeneral Bragg Moves. In order to get even with\\nthe enemy General Bragg planned a night attack on\\nBillv Wilson s camp on Santa Rosa Island.\\nOct.\\nhive or six launches and two steamers were\\nfilled with about one thousand soldiers\\nQ. Tell about the blockade at Pensacola: at Key West.\\nWhat three vessels are mentioned as captured or destroyed?\\nWhat more can you say of the Forest King and the Alvaradof\\nHow many soldiers did General Bragg have in April? Tell\\nwhat the Confederates had done with the naval dock.\\n294", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0314.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "under General R. H. Anderson, and started for the\\nisland at lo P. M., October 8, but owing to various\\ndelays did not reach there until 2 o clock the\\nnext morninsi-, when the troops were formed into two\\ncompanies which were to march silently along the two\\nshores and surprise the Federal camp. Although\\nthe report of a sentinel s gun and of the shot by which\\nhe was killed had given the alarm, a part of one com-\\nPENSACOLA BAY IN lS5l.\\npany got into Wilson s camp unobserved and soon\\nthe flames of the burning tents indicated that\\n1861 the object of the expedition had been\\neffected. But the noise of the firing which\\nhad now become general aroused the garrison of Fort\\nPickens to the aid of their friends, who were thus en-\\nQ. Tell of the destruction of the dock by Lieutenant\\nShipley. What Confederate vessel was destroyed on Sep-\\ntember 13? Give an account of this destruction. What ex-\\npedition did General Bragg plan? Why? Give the size of\\nthe expedition to Santa Rosa Island. Tell its movements\\nup to the capture of Wilson s camp.\\n295", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0315.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "abled to rally and in the gray dawn of the morning\\ncompel the Confederates to retreat to their boats. The\\ndeep sand and fatigue of the soldiers were greatly\\nagainst the retiring invaders, as was also an accident\\nto one of the steamers, which exposed the mass of men\\non her deck to a continuous fire from shore. General\\nAnderson reported, however, that only eighteen were\\nkilled, thirty-nine wounded, thirty missing, most of\\nwhom were the guard stationed over the camp hos-\\npital, and who had not retired promptly. The other\\nside reported fourteen killed, twenty-nine wounded,\\nFORT BARRANCAS.\\ntwenty-four missing. It should be observed that\\nnight attacks are always dangerous, the troops being\\nliable to disorder and consequent failure and that in\\nthis particular case no advantage was to be gained by\\nburning Wilson s camp.\\nBattle of the Forts. After this little episode the\\nUnion and Confederate soldiers again simply watched\\neach other and waited, until watching and waiting be-\\ncame too wearisome for endurance and so\\nColonel Brown gave orders that at the firing\\nof the signal-gun near the flag-stafif on the\\n22nd of November the cannon of Fort Pick-\\n296\\nNov.\\n22", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0316.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "ens should open on the fortifications of their antago-\\nnists. The ships Richmond and Niagara moved up so\\nas to employ their guns. On the morning of the 22nd\\nfiring began, the Confederates answered, and all day\\nlong the heavy guns and mortars pounded\\n1861 away at each other, but doing little damage\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0except at Fort McRae, which had suffered se-\\nverelv, especially from the guns of the warships, so se-\\nRUINS OF FORT MCRAE.\\nverely that it became almost incapable of defense. The\\nRichmond retired early in the action, the Niagara at\\ndusk, but only the Niagara returned to the fight the\\nnext day and she did almost nothing, since\\nNov. the lowness of the tide prevented her from\\n23 coming within good range. The cannonade\\nof the 23rd was not as rapid as that of the\\npreceding day, and neither side suffered any injury be-\\nQ. Whence did assistance come to the Federals? What\\nobstacles were against a safe retreat for the Confederates?\\nGive the loss on both sides. Why are night attacks dan-\\ngerous? What advantage did General Bragg gain? What\\ndid both sides now do? What order did Colonel Brown\\ngive? What ships took part in the fight? Give the date of\\nthe battle.\\n297", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0317.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "fore late in the evening, when the Federals began to\\nfire hot-shot, which soon had the villages of Warring-\\nton and Woolsey in flames, and set the navy yard on\\nfire three times. At 4 o clock the next morning\\nGeneral Bragg gave orders to silence his own guns,\\nfinding that the enemy no longer replied.\\nVIEW OF PENSACOLA NAVY YARD.\\nSilence reigned once more over Pensacola Bay until\\nthe first day of January, 1862, when the roar\\n1862 of another bombardment ushered in the new\\nJan. I year. The firing continued to a late hour of\\nthe night but, as in the first battle, no dam-\\nage was done beyond the burning of a few houses at\\nthe navy yard and at Woolsey.\\nQ. Give an account of the firing and the damage done.\\nHow did the warships fare? Tell about the firing of No-\\nvember 2^. How long did it continue? When was the sec-\\nond bombardment? With what effect? What did the Con-\\nfederate authorities decide at the beginning of 1862? What\\neffect did this have on Florida?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0318.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "Fernandina Occtimki) i;v Union Troops. At\\nthe beginning of 1862 the (Confederate authorities de-\\ncided to concentrate their forces, and, accord-\\n1862 ingly, the troops in Florida were all, except\\na mere handful, sent to the fields of Ten-\\nnessee, thereby leaving the fortifications along the\\ncoast to fall into the hands of the enemy.\\n1862 The first place to be occupied by Northern\\nsoldiers was Fernandina and the defenses on\\nAmelia Island, which were taken possession of by an\\nexpedition under Commodore Dupont. who\\nFeb. sailed from Hilton Head, S. C, on February\\n28 28. On information that the Confederates\\nwere evacuating- Fernandina. Commodore\\nUupont despatched Commander Drayton with the\\nPaz^nicc and several light gunboats on ahead through\\nthe sound, to prevent destruction of property. The\\nconuuander did not arrive as soon as ex-\\nMar. 4 pected. for he found Fort Clinch empty, and\\non coming in sight of Fernandina saw a\\ntrain of cars loaded with soldiers and military stores\\nendeavoring to escape over the bridge to the mainland.\\nA gunboat gave chase, firing her bow gun from time\\nto time, but the cars had a slight advantage in speed\\nand succeeded in escaping. However, a steamer\\nloaded with women and children was captured, and it\\nis interesting that the captain of this Confederate\\nsteamer came originally from Vermont, while Com-\\nmander Drayton was a native of South Carolina.\\nCommodore Dupont was much surprised at the\\nstrength of the fortifications on xA.melia Island. If\\n299", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0319.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "they could have been properly defended, they would\\nhave withstood a very heavy attack.\\nSt. Augustine. The female portion of the popu-\\nlation gave more trouble at St. Augustine than the\\nmale, as the soldiers evacuated the town, but\\nMar. the women assembled on the Plaza on the\\n1 1 night of the tenth of March and cut down the\\nflagstaff, so that when Commodore Rodgers\\nreceived the surrender of St. Augustine the next day,\\nhe had to erect a new staff.\\nJacksonville. At midday, March 13, four gun-\\nboats anchored before Jacksonville, but not\\n1862 in time to save the mills, lumber, and other\\nMar. property, which the Confederates destroyed\\n13 as they were leaving. A gunboat fitting out\\nfor a privateer was also burned. The Union\\nforces found here a number of families of Northern\\nsympathies, who had moved to this part of\\nMar. Florida before the war broke out, and who\\n20 wer\u00e2\u0082\u00ac now emboldened to hold a meeting on\\nthe 20th of March, at which a set of resolu-\\ntions was draughted declaring that no State had a con-\\nstitutional right to separate itself from the\\nMar. Union, and that the ordinance of secession\\n24 was void. On the 24th a convention was\\ncalled to meet at Jacksonville, but it never\\nQ. What place was first occupied by Northern troops?\\nTell about the expedition. What did Commander Drayton\\nfind? What chase is mentioned? Which won? What is\\ninteresting about Commander Drayton and the captain of\\nthe captured steamer? What can you say of the fortifications\\non Amelia Island? What did the women of St. Augustine\\ndo?\\n300", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0320.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "assembled, for an order came that Jacksonville must\\nbe evacuated. The Union line, it was said, was be-\\ncoming too extended. There was a rumor about this\\ntime that the Confederates intended to make an attack\\nin full force on the Federals in Jacksonville and, in-\\ndeed, I^nion pickets and stragglers from the main\\nforce were being constantly killed or cap-\\nApr. 9 tured. So the departure of the Federals had\\nsomewhat the appearance of retreat. On the\\n9th of April, part of the Union troops went to Fernan-\\ndina, carrying such of the inhabitants as desired part\\nwent to St. Augustine.\\nMosquito Inlet. To break up the blockade-run-\\nning at Mosquito Inlet, where vessels were\\nMar. accustomed to enter from Nassau, two gun-\\n22 boats were despatched to the Inlet, reaching\\nit on the 22nd of March and on the next day\\n1862 their commanders went up the inlet on a\\ntour of inspection. On their return they\\nwere suddenly attacked by a body of Confederates,\\nboth were killed, and a number of their men suffered\\nthe same fate or were made prisoners.\\nThe Confederates Abandon Pensacola. In\\nFebruary of this year Brigadier-General Samuel Jones,\\nQ. What did the Confederates burn on leaving Jackson-\\nville? Give an account of the Union sympathizers. What\\ndid they declare in their resolutions? Why was no conven-\\ntion held? What gave to the departure of the Federals an\\nappearance of retreat? Where did they go? Where did the\\nblockade-runners at Mosquito Inlet generally come from?\\nWhy were two gunboats sent there?\\n301", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0321.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "who had superseded General Bragg at Pensacola, re-\\nceived orders to evacuate that place at the earliest\\npossible moment, moving the guns, the anmiunition,\\nand all other movable public property, to points where\\nthey were needed, a slow work, for the railroad was in\\nbad condition, and absolute secrecy was necessary to\\nkeep the enemy at Fort Pickens from know-\\nMch. ing what was going on. On the Blackwater\\n1 1 River, Colonel Beard, aided by the citizens\\nthemselves, burned several mills, lumber, and\\nother property, valued in all at $764,500, in order\\nto prevent their falling into the hands of the Union sol-\\ndiers. Many of the inhabitants from this\\nMay 9 region, as well as from Pensacola, moved into\\nthe interior for greater safety. At last, just\\nat midnight of the 9th of May, the evacuation was\\ncompleted, the torch was applied to the navy yard, the\\nforts, the steamers, and the public buildings in Pensa-\\ncola, and soon the whole bay was bright as midday.\\nThe garrison at Fort Pickens began a furious cannon-\\nade, but to the serious injury of no one, though it in-\\nterfered with the final operations of the Confederates,\\nwho succeeded, however, in carrving ofif everything,\\neven bits of copper and lead. The Fulton on the stocks\\nat the navy yard was burned, as also a gunboat build-\\ning in the Escambia River.\\nQ. What happened to the exploring party? Who took\\nthe place of General Bragg? What orders did he receive?\\nWhat made the moving difficuU? Tell what Colonel Beard\\ndid on the Blackwater. Where did many of the inhabitants\\ngo? When was the evacuation of Pensacola completed?\\nWhat did the Confederates then do? How did the garrison\\nof Fort Pickens interfere?\\n302", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0322.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "Admiral Porter saw the flames of Pensacola from\\nthe Harriet Lmic far out in the gulf, and\\n1862 steered for them, reaching the harbor next\\nday in time to be of assistance in conveying\\ntroops from Fort Pickens, and to receive the sur-\\nrender of Major Bobe.\\nThe Union forces were now practically in command\\nof the entire coast-line of Florida.\\nQ. What vessels did the Confederates hurn? Tell about\\nAdmiral Porter. What was now the situation in Florida?\\n303", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0323.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXII.\\nCIVIL WAR, CONTINUED\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ST. JOHNS BLUFF\u00e2\u0080\u0094 NEGRO\\nSOLDIERS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CAPTAIN DICKINSON\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OLUSTEE\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJOHN MILTON\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SURRENDER.\\n1862. President Davis made an effort during the\\ncourse of this year to raise two thousand five hundred\\nmore troops in Florida, but did not succeed,\\n1862 since the men wished to^ remain at their\\nhomes and defend them, if they had to do any\\nfighting There was, however, Httle fighting of any\\nconsequence. About the middle of June a party of\\nFederal soldiers came to Milton from Pensacola,\\nwhich formed the first of a long series of raids through\\nthe western portion of the State, where in the last\\nyears of the war the names of Asboth and of Spur-\\nling were known and dreaded in every household.\\nSt. Johns Bluff. At the high, overhanging bluffs\\na few miles from the mouth of the St. Johns River the\\nConfederates planted a battery of nine guns in a strong\\nposition, accessible only in the rear, through a ravine\\nswept by artillery. Privateers once beyond this bluff\\nwere safe from pursuit, which made the Federals anx-\\nious to destroy the works upon it and, accordingly,\\nQ. Why could not troops be raised by President Davis?\\nWhat was the importance of this year s fighting? What is to\\nbe said of the raid to Milton? What two officers became\\nespecially well known through raiding? Tell about St. Johns\\nBluff. What success did the Federals have at first?\\n304", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0324.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "their gunboats attacked the Confederate gar-\\nrison twice during the month of September,\\nthe month in which the bhiff had been occu-\\npied but were each time compehed to re-\\ntreat. However, on the first day of October, General\\nMitchell arrived at the mouth of the St.\\nOct. 2 Johns, where he was joined by six gunboats,\\nthree of which steamed up towards St. Johns\\nElufif. After exchanging a few shots with its garri-\\nson, they returned. On the 2nd General\\nOct. 3 Mitchell landed a large body of soldiers at\\nthe mouth of the river, who had several small\\nskirmishes during the day. The following morning\\nthey advanced on the Confederate works without meet-\\ning any opposition, as the commander. Colonel Hop-\\nkins, had hurriedly abandoned everything, even leaving\\nthe guns loaded and the ammunition undestroyed, all\\nof which the Union soldiers carried away, or rendered\\nuseless. A court of inquiry to investigate Colonel\\nHopkins conduct on this occasion acquitted him of\\nthe charge of cowardice. After the Federals had de-\\nstroyed the works on St. Johns Bluff, part of their force\\nwent up the St. Johns River, found Jacksonville nearly\\ndeserted, and far up near Enterprise Captain Yard, of\\nthe Darlington, captured the Confederate steamer Gov-\\nernor Milton. But the Northern army had not come\\nto stay, and soon departed from the St. Johns.\\nHome Guards. In accordance with the recom-\\nQ. Give an account of General Mitchell s expedition.\\nHow had the Confederates left St. Johns Blufif? What charge\\nwas Colonel Hopkins acquitted of? Tell what the Federals\\ndid further. How long was the Northern army on the St.\\nJohns? Give an account of the Home Guards.\\n21 305", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0325.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "mendation in Governor Milton s message to the legis-\\nlature all men and boys not liable to serve in\\n1863 the Confederate armies were during 1863\\narmed, organized into companies, and occa-\\nsionally drilled, but were not to be mustered out for\\nservice except in case of invasion.\\nNegro Troops at Jacksonville. The inhabi-\\ntants of Jacksonville were surprised to see companies\\nof dark-faced soldiers marching up their\\n1863 streets one day in the early part of March.\\nThe United States had decided to employ\\ncolored troops, enlisting them from the slave popula-\\ntion of the South, because they were used to the cli-\\nmate and familiar with the country. And so the ist\\nand 2nd Regiments of South Carolina Colored Vol-\\nunteers under Colonels T. W. Higginson and James\\nMontgomery were stationed at Jacksonville, which\\nwas to be the basis of their operations. General Fine-\\ngan, at this time in command of the Confederate\\ntroops in East and Middle Florida, called on every\\nman to assist in driving out this new invader. While\\nthey were gathering, he employed his own small force\\nin keeping up a continual annoyance. Stragglers\\nwere cut off wood-choppers killed pickets captured\\na 32-pounder cannon was mounted on a flat car hauled\\nby a locomotive, by which means Lieutenant Bachman\\nseveral times threw shot into the Federal camp, and\\nescaped without injury. But it seemed as if the col-\\nored troops had come to stay, an opinion strengthened\\nby the arrival of reinforcements. For a third time,\\nhowever, Jacksonville was evacuated, Sun-\\nday, March 29. A high wind was blowing,\\nthe houses were mostly of wood, a fine com-\\nbination for a fire, which some wretches it is said,\\n306", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0326.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "against the entreaties of their officers took\\nadvantage of and soon Jacksonville was a vast sea of\\nflame that left behind it the ashes of stately buildings\\nand the blackened trunks of magnificent oaks.\\nPensacola Ev ACUATED. At nearly the same time\\nthese events were occurring in Jacksonville, the gar-\\nrison of the town of Pensacola was drawn ofif\\n1863 as unnecessary to Fort Pickens and Fort\\nBarrancas and here also, as in Jacksonville,\\na portion of the buildings was given to the flames.\\nCaptain Dickinson. The few troops that formed\\nthe Confederate force in Florida were from now on\\nengaged in harassing the enemy and in repelling his\\nforaging parties. One name most prominent in the\\nnumerous reports of these affairs is that of Captain J.\\nJ. Dickinson. Captain Dickinson was wont to appear\\nin the most unexpected quarters, much to the confu-\\nsion of his foes, and often he captured their entire\\nnumber, baggage, plunder, and all.\\nDestruction of Salt Works. St. Andrews Bay\\nwas especially suited for the location of salt works, as\\nit is a broad shallow piece of water with many solitary\\nbayous and inlets, where salt could be made and the\\nenemy never know it. Accordingly, many establish-\\nments were erected here for the manufacture of salt\\nowned bv the Confederate government and by private\\nindividuals. Rightly concluding that these works\\nQ. What surprised the inhabitants of Jacksonville? Why\\nwere these colored troops in that place? What regiments\\nwere these? What did General Finegan do? Describe his\\nmethod of annoyance. Why did it seem as if the troops had\\ncome to stay? When was Jacksonville abandoned? How\\nmany times had it been occupied? Tell about the fire. What\\nwas done at Pensacola?\\n307", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0327.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "were left unguarded, Acting Master William P.\\nBrowne of the blockading vessels at the mouth of the\\nbay sent a single boat some twenty miles up that body\\nof water, and destroyed Kent s works on Lake Ocala.\\nAfterwards with the light-draft steamer Edwin Cressy\\nhe broke up the government works on West Bay, at\\nwhich four hundred bushels of salt were produced\\ndaily; and destroyed one hundred and ninety-eight\\nprivate works, and burned two hundred buildings.\\nThe government works were immediately rebuilt, but\\nwere in operation only ten days when two companies\\nof Federals coming from opposite directions surprised\\nthe guards and again broke the kettles to pieces and\\nburned the buildings. The Federals destroyed on St.\\nAndrew s Bay something like three million dollars of\\nConfederate property.\\nDeserters. During the latter part of 1863 desert-\\ners, men who were seeking to escape conscription into\\nthe Confederate armies, or had run away from them,\\nbegan to congregate in large numbers in the swamps\\nand forests of Middle and Western Florida, especially\\nin Taylor county. Desperate and lawless men, in\\nmany sections they inflicted more injuries on the de-\\nfenseless inhabitants than did the Northern soldiers\\nduring the entire war.\\nBattle of Olustee, or Ocean Pond. About the\\nend of 1863 the authorities at Washington decided\\nQ. Tell about the exploits of Captain Dickinson. Why\\nwas St. Andrew s Bay well suited for the location of salt\\nworks? What works were situated there? Give an account\\nof Acting Master Browne s operations. How much did he\\ndestroy with the Edwin Cressy f Give an account of the sec-\\nond destruction of the government works.\\n308", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0328.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "that, in view of the defenseless condition of\\nthe State, then was an excellent time to send\\nan expedition into Florida, in order to bring\\nit back into the Union, which would cut ofT a large\\nsource of Confederate supplies, would furnish the\\nNorth Avith cotton, timber, lumber, and turpentine,\\nand would give them recruits for their colored regi-\\nments. Accordingly, early in February, 1864, twenty\\nsteamers and eight schooners carrying about six thous-\\nand men, infantry, cavalry, and artillery, under the\\ncommand of General Truman Seymour, ar-\\nFeb. 7 rived at the St. Johns River from Hilton\\nHead, S. C, and on the seventh landed the\\ntroops at Jacksonville, who at 3 P. M. of the next day\\nset out along the railroad leading to Tallahassee. The\\ncompany in advance surprised Colonel\\n1864 McCormick at Camp Finegan early on the\\nmorning of the eighth. The Confederates\\nthemselves escaped, although everything in the camp\\nfell into the hands of the Federal soldiers. Major R.\\nHarrison checked the latter s advance for several\\nhours at a plank bridge over Big Creek not far from\\nBaldwin, a railway station eighteen miles from Jack-\\nsonville. The Union cavalry rode in;tO Sanderson\\nfifteen minutes after the last Confederate had ridden\\nout the opposite side of the town without waiting to\\nQ. How much Confederate property was destroyed at\\nSt. Andrew s Bay? Tell about the deserters. Why did the\\nauthorities at Washington think it an excellent time to send\\nan expedition to Florida? What were the objects of the ex-\\npedition? Give the size of the expedition under General\\nSeymour. How soon did the troops begin marching after\\nthey had landed?\\n309", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0329.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "give battle, so that it began to appear as if the entire\\nmarch from Jacksonville to Tallahassee was\\nFeb. II to be made without a serious fight. But on\\nthe nth the Confederates were found in-\\ntrenched within a few miles of Lake City, which com-\\npelled the invaders to fall back and wait for the main\\nbody of the army.\\nWhen the Northern army began its march from\\nJacksonville, General Finegan had only about five\\nhundred men with which to oppose it, although\\ncredited by the enemy with several thousand but his\\nforce soon increased to two thousand, enabling him to\\nadvance to Olustee, or Ocean Pond, a small railway\\nstation, where he cast up intrenchments, and was\\nfound as stated above. However, just before the main\\nforce of the Federals arrived, reinforcements came\\nfrom Charleston under Brigadier-General A. H. Col-\\nquitt and Colonel G. Harrison, so that now\\nP eb. 20 the Confederates mustered four thousand six\\nhundred infantry, six hundred cavalry, and\\ntwelve guns. On the 20th General Colquitt advanced\\nbeyond the intrenchments to skirmish with the ap-\\nproaching enemy. Within an hour the entire army\\ncame up to his support, pouring in on the Union sol-\\ndiers such a well-directed and murderous fire that the\\nSeventh New Hampshire and the Eighth United\\nQ. Tell about the surprise of Colonel McConnick. Who\\nchecked the Federal cavalry near Baldwin? Give an account\\nof their further progress. How large an army did General\\nFinegan have at first? Tell about General Finegan s move-\\nments. What reinforcements arrived? On what day did\\nGeneral Colquitt advance? Describe the battle. By what\\nname is this battle known?\\n310", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0330.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "States Colored troops broke ranks, and could\\nnot be rallied again during- the fight. For\\nfour hours and a half the battle raged, until\\nGeneral Seymour ordered a retreat, which was exe-\\ncuted in much less time than was required for the\\nmarch from Jacksonville. On the day after the ar-\\nrival at Jacksonville the majority of the troops sailed\\nfor South Carolina. The Confederates, on the other\\nhand, won deserved praise, since with smaller num-\\nbers, in an open field, they completely routed the\\nsuperior force of the enemy. Moreover, annnunition\\nfailed at one time, which compelled Colonel Harrison\\nto hold his men for twenty minutes under a merciless\\nfire without being able to answer a shot. Their victory\\nwould have been more complete, if the soldiers had\\nnot been fatigued and cavalry not lacking; but as it\\nwas the Northern army lost 203 killed, 11 52 wounded,\\n506 missing, while the Confederates loss was 93 killed,\\n847 wounded, 6 missing. The Confederates also cap-\\ntured several cannon and sixteen hundred stand of\\nsmall arms. Never again during the remainder of the\\nwar did the Federals undertake a similar expedition in\\nFlorida.\\nSmall Engagements in Different Parts of the\\nState. From now on till the end of the war in the\\nspring of 1865 the conflict in Plorida was a series of\\nforays on the part of the Federals, of rapid marches\\nQ. How long did the battle rage? Tell about the retreat.\\nWhy did the Confederates win especial praise? What hin-\\ndered the victory from being more complete? Give the loss\\non both sides. What capture did the Confederates also make?\\nDid the Federals again undertake a similar expedition?\\nWhat was the character of the conflict during the remainder\\nof the war? Tell about Major Weeks.\\n311", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0331.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "and ambuscades on the part of the Confederates but\\nonly a few of the deeds of either side can be mentioned.\\nAbout the middle of July Major Weeks of the United\\nStates Army raided into the interior from\\n1864 Cedar Keys, capturing- one hundred and\\nfifty bales of cotton and burning two hun-\\ndred. During the same month General Asboth made\\na rapid march north from Fort Barrancas towards\\nPollard, Ala., expecting to meet a party of raiders from\\nSherman s army and again in the latter part of Sep-\\ntember he mounted seven hundred of his men, with\\nwhom he rode as far east as Marianna. A third ex-\\npedition in July was that of General Birney in consid-\\nerable force westward from Jacksonville along the\\nrailroad as far as Baldwin. The Confederates were not\\nidle, especially Captain Dickinson, who among other\\nexploits overtook a band of raiders at Gainesville on\\nthe 17th of August, and after an engagement\\nMch. lasting two hours killed twenty-eight of them,\\n1865 wounded five, and took one hundred and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0eighty-eight prisoners. In March, 1865, tor-\\n])edoes were planted by the Confederates in the St.\\nJohns River several miles below Jacksonville, and by\\nmeans of them three vessels. Maple Leaf, Hunter, and\\nHarriet A. Weed were destroyed.\\nJacksonville Holds a Convention. 1864 was\\nthe year on which an election for the presidency of the\\nUnited States was to be held. Accordingly,\\nMay on the 24th of May a convention was held in\\n24 Jacksonville by friends of the Union to chose\\ndelegates for the National Convention at Baltimore,\\nfor according to these men Florida was still a part of\\nthe Union. One of the delegates was Buckingham\\n312", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0332.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "Smith, of St. Augustine, whose name should be always\\nremembered by the people of Florida for the labor\\nhe has bestowed on the history of their State.\\nNatural Bridge. About the beginning of 1865\\nthe Confederates began to make preparations for\\nblockade-running at St. Marks, but General\\n1865 Newton of the United States Army threw a\\nstrong garrison into that place, which de-\\nfeated the whole project. In the latter part of March,\\nthinking that he could make an easy capture of the\\ncapital, General Newton started on the way to Talla-\\nhassee, but the scattered Confederates hastily gathered\\nand at Natural Bridge compelled him to retreat with\\nheavy loss before a much inferior force.\\nFlorida Loses her Governor. The mental labor\\nand anxiety of the last years of the war were too heavy\\na strain for the endurance of Governor Milton, whose\\ndeath occurred on the first day of April, a month and\\na half before the Federal troops received the surrender\\nof the State. John Milton was a son of the\\n1807 Milton for whom Georgia cast her electoral\\n1865 votes for first President of the United States.\\nHe was born in Jefiferson county, Ga., in\\n1807, was admitted to the bar of his native State, and\\nonce ran for Congress on the question of nullification,\\nin which he believed, but was defeated. After a resi-\\ndence in Mobile and New Orleans he made his home\\nQ. Give an account of General Asboth s operations. Tell\\nof General Birney. Give Captain Dickinson s exploit at\\nGainesville. What success did the Confederates obtain from\\ntheir torpedoes in St. Johns River? What convention was\\nheld in May at Jacksonville? What delegate is to be remem-\\nbered?\\n313", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0333.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "in Jackson county, Florida, where he engaged in farm-\\ning, and where his wonderful conversational powers\\nwon him many friends. In 1861 he was the Demo-\\ncratic candidate for governor, and in his canvass trav-\\neled to all parts of the State, making friends wherever\\nhe went. Governor INIilton cheerfully cast in his lot\\nwith his people, was always approachable and full of\\nsympathy, and it was in laboring to alleviate\\n1865 the suffering and distress of the closing years\\nof the war that he allowed himself to be over-\\nMorast, Tampa.\\nMANSION OF CAPT. MCNEIL, ELLENTON, FLA.\\nHIDING PLACE OF J. P. BENJAMIN.\\ntaxed beyond his strength. After his death A. K.\\nAllison, President of the State Senate, took the gov-\\nernor s seat, which he held until the r3th of July.\\nQ. How were the Confederate plans for blockade-running\\ndefeated? Tell about General Newton s defeat at Natural\\nBridge. What caused Governor Milton s death? When?\\nGive an account of his life to his removal to Florida. Where\\ndid he settle in Florida? What can you say of his power of\\nconversation? Give an account of him as governor.\\n314", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0334.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "End of the War. From the 22iul to the 30th of\\nApril there was a cessation of hostiUties in Florida, in-\\nasmuch as Johnston and Sherman had agreed\\nApr. to a truce. Not long afterwards information\\n22-30 reached Florida that Johnston had laid down\\nhis arms, and, accordingly, under the same\\nMay terms he had made with Sherman, the Con-\\n17 federate troops in Florida surrendered to\\nGeneral Israel V ogdes, May 17, and were pa-\\nroled. Three davs after the surrender Gcn-\\n20 _,\\neral McCook issued a proclamation from\\nTallahassee declaring all the slaves in the State free.\\nFlight of Confederate Authorities. After\\nthe fall of the Confederacy several of the authorities\\nendeavored to make their way to Florida, and from\\nthere to foreign lands. Among those who succeeded\\nin so doing were General Breckenridge, Confed-\\nerate Secretary of War, and Judah P. Benjamin, Con-\\nfederate Secretary of State. But President Davis\\nnever reached Florida for he was taken prisoner in\\nGeorgia, before making St. Marks, to which he was\\ngoing. His trunk, his rifle, and two boxes of private\\npapers were seized near Waldo, Florida, about the mid-\\ndle of June.\\nQ. Who took Governor Milton s seat? For how long?\\nWhen was there a cessation of hostilities? Why? Give an\\naccount of the surrender of Confederate troops in Florida.\\nWhat proclamation was issued by General McCook? Give\\nan account of the flight of some Confederate authorities.\\n3IS", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0335.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIII.\\nFLORIDA AFTER THE CIVIL WAR-RECONSTRUC-\\nTION\u00e2\u0080\u0094IMPEACHMENTS OF GOVERNOR REED-\\nPUBLIC SCHOOLS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FINANCE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RETURN OF THE\\nDEMOCRATS TO POWER\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ELECTION OF 1876.\\nBeginning Anew. The war was ended; Florida\\nwas impoverished the State treasury was empty\\neven the principal of the school fund had been\\n1865 expended a war debt hung over the people;\\nand these were not able to pay taxes. The\\nnew condition of affairs had demoralized labor, and\\nthe whole state of society was disturbed.\\nIn a proclamation dated April 29, 1865. President\\nJohnson removed all restrictions of commerce with the\\nState of Florida, and on the 13th of July appointed\\nWilliam Marvin provisional governor. Governor Mar-\\nvin published an address to the people, setting forth the\\nchange in the condition of affairs, and urging law and\\norder and obedience to the constitution of the United\\nStates and to Congress. October 10 he appointed as\\na day for the election of delegates to a convention to\\nbe held at Tallahassee on the 25th of the same month.\\nThis convention annulled the ordinance of secession,\\ndeclared slavery to be abolished, and repudi-\\nated the State debt contracted between Janu-\\nary 10, 1861, and October 25, 1865.\\nQ. What was the condition of Florida at the end of the\\nwar? Whom did President Johnson appoint provisional\\ngovernor? What did Governor Marvin urge in his address\\nto the people? What was done by the convention at Talla-\\nhassee?\\n316", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0336.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "At the election held on the 29th of November David\\nS. Walker was elected governor. Only four thousand\\nvotes were cast against fourteen thousand three hun-\\ndred and forty-seven in i860. Governor Marvin and\\nWilkinson Call, a nephew of Governor R. K. Call, were\\ndesignated United States senators by the legislature,\\nand they at once proceeded to Washington, but as\\nFlorida had not yet been readmitted into the Union,\\nthey were not permitted to take their seats in the\\nSenate.\\nDavid S. Walker, Governor: 1866-1868. Re-\\nadmission OF Flor-\\nida INTO THE Union.\\nOn the 17th\\n1866 of January,\\n1866, Gov-\\nernor Marvin relin-\\nquished his power to\\nthe governor elect,\\nDavid S. Walker.\\nLittle of impor-\\ntance took place dur-\\ning 1866.\\nUnder the\\nreconstruction meas-\\nures of Congress Gen-\\neral John Pope was\\nplaced in April of the following year over the third\\nmilitary district, of which Florida formed a sub-di-\\nvision. General Pope at once set about registering\\nthe voters of the State, and, having completed the\\nregistration in October, he ordered an election for the\\nmiddle of November to decide whether a convention\\n1867\\nGOV. DAVID S. WALKER, 1866-68.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0337.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "should be held, and to elect delegates to such a con-\\nvention. The convention was decided on,\\n1868 and the delegates elected. These, seven-\\nteen of them negroes, met at Tallahassee\\nJanuary 20, 1868. A petition had been sent to General\\nMeade, Pope s successor, by the white voters oi the\\nState, charging fraud in the election, inasmuch as the\\nState had been so gerrymandered by General Pdpe\\nthat only radical blacks could be elected. But Gen-\\neral Meade had answered that what was done could\\nnot be undone.\\nNo sooner had the convention assembled than dis-\\ncord at once arose over the seating of four delegates,\\nand the wrangling continued till on the ist\\n1868 of February fifteen members withdrew. The\\nremaining twenty-one or twenty-two, claim-\\ning to be a majority, went to work to complete the\\nbusiness of the convention. Within five days they\\nadopted a State constitution. They then adjourned\\nas a convention, and forming themselves into a nomi-\\nnating committee, named a governor, his lieutenant,\\nand other high officers, mostly from their own num-\\nber.\\nImmediately after their adjournment, the fifteen\\nmembers who had withdrawn returned with nine more\\ndelegates, and proceeded to the House of Representa-\\ntives, where they entered a protest against the action\\nof the other delegates. The twenty-four then organ-\\nQ. Who was elected governor in November, 1865? What\\nwas the number of votes cast? Why were the new senators\\nnot admitted to the Senate? Who was placed over the dis-\\ntrict to which Florida belonged? What election was held in\\nNovember? How many negro delegates were there? What\\npetition was sent to General Meade? Give his answer.\\n318", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0338.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "ized a new convention. The disagreement between\\nthe two sets of delegates reached such a pitch that\\nGeneral Meade himself came to Tallahassee and placed\\nColonel Sprague over the convention. By this means\\nharmony was restored, the dispute over the four mem-\\nbers was settled, and a constitution was soon agreed\\non differing little from the one in force before the war\\nexcept in the bill of rights and in the articles con-\\ncerning the franchise. After this the convention ad-\\njourned as such, and formed itself into a nominating\\ncommittee. Harrison Reed was named for governor,\\nWilliahi C. Gleason for lieutenant-governor, and C.\\nM. Hamilton for member of Congress.\\nThough the negroes made some objection to the\\nconstitution on the ground that it gave the whites too\\nmuch liberty in voting, it was ratified by the\\n1868 people in May, and the ofBcers mentioned\\nabove were elected. The legislature met on\\nthe 1st of June, and having accepted the fourteenth\\namendment to the constitution of the United States,\\nsecufed the readmission of Florida into the Union,\\nnotwithstanding the veto of President Johnson.\\nOn the fourth day of July the State gov-\\nJuly 4 ernment was transferred from the military to\\nthe civil authorities, and the new oflficers\\nwere duly installed in office.\\nQ. What was the behavior of rhe convention? What was\\ndone by the delegates who remained? After the adjournment\\nof these, what was the action of the other fifteen? Why did\\nGeneral Meade come to Tallahassee? How was harmony re-\\nstored? In what did the new constitution dififer from the\\nold one? What ofificers were named? Why did the negroes\\noppose the constitution?\\n319", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0339.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "Harrison Reed, Governor: 1868-1873. Im-\\npeachment. When the legislature assembled in No-\\nvember, only twelve senators were present, and four\\nof these were ineligible under the State s constitu-\\ntion. Governor Reed called attention to this fact, and\\nhe also vetoed a bill to pay the expenses of the mem-\\nbers of the late convention, inasmuch as they had been\\nalready paid. Upon this he was impeached, and\\nLieutenant-Governor Gleason was ordered to take his\\nplace. The governor appealed to the Supreme Court,\\nwhich decided that he\\nhad not been impeach-\\ned, as there had been\\nno constitutional quo-\\nrum in the Senate.\\nLieutenant Governor\\nGleason then pro-\\nceeded to Washing-\\nton to lay the case\\nbefore the Supreme\\nCourt of the\\n1869 United States,\\nbut he was\\nunable to secure the\\ndisplacement of Gov-\\nernor Reed. When\\nthe legislature met in January of the following year,\\nit was decided after a short debate that Harrison, Reed\\nwas the regular governor, and he was accordingly re-\\nquested to send in his message. Governor Reed ap-\\npointed Edmund C. Weeks lieutenant-governor in\\nthe place of Gleason. Over this dissension arose,\\nwhich was not quieted till the election of S. T. Day\\nto that ofifice.\\n320\\nGOV. HARRISON REED, 1868-1873.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0340.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "About a year later a second attempt was made by\\nmembers of the House of Representatives to impeach\\nGovernor Reed, but the proposition was voted down.\\nPublic Schools Beginning of Present System.\\nBetween 1849 i^^i some progress was made in\\nestabHshing pubhc schools, but the war\\n1869 brought to an end the schools that had been\\nin operation. The present system of public\\ninstruction began in 1869 with the school law drafted\\nby the Superintendent of Public Instruction, C. Thurs-\\nton Chase, after a comparison of the laws of other\\nStates. Though the law was at once put in force, the\\nopening of schools was not as fast as expected or\\nwished, owing to the reluctance of the greater part of\\nthe white population to accept a system introduced by\\nmen who had been imported from the North. Super-\\nintendent Chase himself had only recently moved\\nfrom Ohio to Florida. In consequence the negroes\\nat first secured almost the entire benefit of the new\\neducational system, and during the ten years following\\n1869 the number of public schools increased slowly.\\nThe method of grading has been extensively adopted\\nonly since 1877. From the year 1880, but especially\\nfrom the appointment of Superintendent A. J. Russell\\nin 1884, date the fairest pages in the history of public\\neducation in Florida.\\nQ. How did the legislature secure the readmission of\\nFlorida into the Union? When were the new officers in-\\nstalled? Why was Governor Reed impeached? Who took\\nhis place? Why did the Supreme Court decide that Reed\\nwas not impeached? What did Gleason then do? What did\\nthe legislature decide in January? What further dissension\\narose? When was a second attempt made to impeach Gov-\\nernor Reed?\\n22 321", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0341.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "Finances. At the beginning of the period of re-\\nconstruction in 1868 the debt of the State was very\\nsmall but with the rapid issue of bonds occasioned by\\nthe extravagance of the carpet-baggers the indebt-\\nedness of Florida had by 1871 reached a sum a little\\nshort of one and a half millions of dollars. Taxes had\\nto be levied heavier each succeeding year. In 1871\\nthe taxes to support the State government alone\\namounted to two and a half dollars per capita\\n1 87 1 of the population, which in 1870 was 187,748.\\nA request was made of Governor Reed that\\nduring the last three months of 1871 no taxes might\\nbe collected in order that the people might have this\\nmeasure of relief. The governor denied the petition,\\nsaying that the laws must be enforced.\\nUnder the act of 1855 authorizing State aid to rail-\\nroads, Florida bonds to the value of four millions of\\ndollars had been issued to the Florida Central and\\nJacksonville, Pensacola, and Mobile Railroads, and\\nbonds of these railroads had been taken in exchange.\\nWhen they failed in the early seventies to pay interest\\non the bonds, the holders looked to the State for pay-\\nment. She had not enough money to meet the ordi-\\nnary expenses of the government. She, however, ob-\\ntained possession of the roads in order to operate them\\nfor the benefit of the bondholders, but becoming en-\\ngaged in a lawsuit over them, and the constitutionality\\nQ. When does the present system of public schools begin?\\nWith whom? Give the cause for the slow opening of schools.\\nWho received the benefit of the schools at first? After what\\nyear was grading extensively adopted? With whom does\\nthe advance begin? What can you say of the increase in the\\nState s indebtedness in 1871? To what was this due? What\\nwere the State taxes in 1871?\\n322", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0342.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "of the bonds being called into question, she troubled\\nherself no more about them, and later she omitted all\\nmention of them.\\nA Third Attempt to Impeach Governor Reed.\\nIn the House of Representatives in February, 1872,\\na motion was introduced to impeach Governor Reed\\non fourteen separate charges each relating to\\n1872 bribery; or misappropriation of funds. A\\ncourt of impeachment was formed, Governor\\nReed was placed under arrest, and Lieutenant-Gov-\\nernor Day was ordered to act in his place. When the\\ncourt dismissed the charges on the ground of lack of\\nevidence. Day refused to give up his new authority,\\nclaiming that Governor Reed was still under arrest,\\ninasmuch as the Senate had not dismissed the case.\\nAs he refused to refer the matter to the Supreme\\nCourt, the governor quietly watched his opportunity,\\nand when the acting-governor was tempo-\\n1872 rarily absent, stepped in, secured the great\\nseal, and issued a proclamation as the regular\\ngovernor. Day issued a counter proclamation. Gov-\\nernor Reed then applied to the Supreme Court, but\\nwas not sustained in his course by the majority of the\\njustices. Finally the legislature was called in May,\\nand the Senate dismissing the case, he was released\\nfrom arrest and restored to office.\\nOssiA B. Hart, Governor. 1873-1874. At the\\nelection in 1872 Ossia B. Hart was elected to succeed\\nQ. What request did Governor Reed refuse in 1871? How\\nmany bonds were issued to railroads? Give an account of\\nthe repudiation of these. How many charges were brought\\nagainst Governor Reed? For what? Who was ordered to\\ntake his place? Why did Day refuse to give up his new\\nauthority? What then did Governor Reed do?\\n323", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0343.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "Governor Reed, and Marcellus L. Stearns was elected\\nlieutenant-governor. Florida s representation at\\nWashington was increased by the election at this time\\nof a second representative.\\nIn 1873 for the first time during recon-\\n1873 struction rule the interest on the State debt\\nwas paid and the government s expenses\\nmet. Governor Hart referred the previous deficiency\\nto the dishonesty and negligence of the ofificials.\\nWhen the legislature\\nmet in 1874, it was\\nfound that the\\n1874 Democrats had\\nsecured a ma-\\njority of four in the\\nHouse, and that the\\nSenate was evenly di-\\nvided between t h e\\nDemocrats and the Re-\\npublicans. At this\\nsession an amendment\\nto the constitution was\\nadopted, to wit, that\\nafter 1877 the legisla-\\nGOV OSSIA B. HART, 1873-74.\\nture should meet every third year.\\nMarcellus L. Ste/^rns, Governor\\n1874-1877.\\nQ. How was the matter finally settled? Who became the\\ngovernor after Governor Reed? How many representatives\\nto Congress were elected? What was done in 1873 for the\\nfirst time under reconstruction rule? To what did Governor\\nHart refer the previous deficiency? What party had the ma-\\njority in the legislature of 1874? What amendment was\\nadopted? Why did Lieutenant-Governor Stearns become\\ngovernor? Who became United States senator in 1875?\\n324", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0344.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "Governor Hart dying in March, 1874, his place was\\nfilled by Lieutenant-Governor Stearns, who acted as\\ngovernor for the remainder of the term.\\nIn 1875 Charles W. Jones was elected\\n1875 United States senator by the Democratic\\nlegislature to take the place of the retiring\\nRepublican senator.\\nElection of 1876: Governor George F. Drew.\\nThe Republican and Democratic conventions of 1876\\nput forth as their respec-\\ntive candidates for the\\ngovernorship Marcellus\\nL. Stearns and George F.\\nDrew. During the sum-\\nmer the Republican party\\npretended to have definite\\ninformation of lan inva-\\nsion of the State by armed\\nbands from Georgia and\\nAlabama for the purpose\\nof disturbing the election,\\nthereby aiding the Demo-\\ncrats. But the election\\npassed ofif quietly. After\\nsome delay the Board\\nwhose duty it was to canvass the election returns, gave\\nout as the result of the first count 24,325 votes\\n1876 for Stearns and 24,282 for Drew. A second\\ncount, in which a number of precincts in sev-\\neral counties was cast out, gave a larger Republican\\nmajority. Attorney-General W. A. Cocke, one of the\\nthree canvassers, filed a protest against the board s ac-\\ntion in rejecting votes. The Supreme Court ordered a\\n3-5\\nGOV. MARCELLUS L. STEARNS, 1S74-77.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0345.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "recount according to the election laws. The first and\\nthe second recount showed a majority of one hundred\\nand ninety-five for the Democratic candidate, who\\nwas in consequence declared governor. And he was\\ninstalled in office without any further opposition. Two\\nDemocratic representatives to the national Congress\\nwere also elected.\\nPresidential Electors: Great Fraud of 76\\nThe candidates for the presidency of the United States\\nwere in 1876 Samuel J. Tilden, Democrat, and Ruther-\\nford B. Hayes, Republican. The election was exceed-\\ningly close, and on the next morning each party\\nclaimed the success of its own candidate but it was\\nbeyond doubt that Tilden wanted only one vote of a\\nmajority in the electoral college, and that several\\nStates were doubtful, of which Florida was one. All\\nthe doubtful States were necessary to give the Repub-\\nlican candidate a majority of one. As soon\\n1876 as this became evident, numerous prominent\\nRepublican politicians from other States\\nhastened to Florida, and it is asserted with much show\\nof truth that they were able so to influence the returns\\nthat the Board gave it out as a result of the first and\\nsecond count that the Republican electors were in the\\nmajority. Accordingly, Governor Stearns issued to\\nthese certificates of their election. Attorney-General\\nCocke protested against the action of the Board and\\nQ. Who were candidates for the governorship in 1876?\\nWhat trouble was expected by the RepubHcans? Give the\\nresult of the first two counts of the returns. What did the\\nSupreme Court order? How did the recount result? To\\nwhat party did the representatives belong? Who were the\\npresidential candidates in 1876? What did each party claim?\\nWhat was beyond doubt?\\n320", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0346.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "issued certificates to the four Democratic electors. At\\nthe order of the Supreme Court a recount of the votes\\nwas made, which gave to these last electors a majority\\nof ninety-four. Governor Drew then issued a new set\\nof certificates, which were forwarded to Washington,\\nwhere there were now three sets from Florida.\\nAluch difBculty was experienced in finding a satis-\\nfactory method of counting the electoral votes, until\\nCongress adopted the plan of an electoral commission\\nof eight Republicans and seven Democrats, whose de-\\ncision was to be final. The constant party vote of this\\ncommission, eight to seven, on all matters afifecting\\nthe choice of electors from the disputed States, gave\\nthe electors from Florida and the other States in dis-\\npute to the Republican candidate. Rutherford B.\\nHayes was proclaimed President of the United States.\\nQ. Who hastened to Florida? What assertion is made?\\nWho gave the first two sets of certificates? What was the\\nresult of a recount? Who issued the third set of certificates?\\nHow did Congress solve the difficulty of counting the elec-\\ntoral votes? Give the result of the commission. Who was\\nproclaimed President?", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0347.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIV.\\nOPENING OF A NEW ERA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DEVELOPMENT OF\\nTHE PUBLIC SCHOOLS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CONSTITUTION OF\\n1885\u00e2\u0080\u0094 GENERAL PROGRESS OF THE STATE.\\nGeorge F. Drew, Governor: 1877-1881. Demo-\\ncrats IN Control. The rule of the reconstruction-\\nists, or as\\n1877 they are com-\\nmonly called,\\nthe carpet-baggers\\nhad weighed heavily\\non the State for eight\\n.years. Too much poli-\\ntics and too much\\ntalking for political\\neffect had prevented\\nanything but a slow\\nreturn to prosperity.\\nThe recently emanci-\\npated slave had been\\nput in power, and for\\neight years, instead\\nof bettering his position through labor, he had been\\nrunning the government With the installation of\\nGovernor Drew begins a new era, in which the re-\\nsources of Florida have been developed in a truly won-\\nderful manner. The control of the State government\\nnow came into the hands of the conservative element\\nof the population represented by the Democratic party,\\n328\\nGOV. GEORGE F. DREW, 1877-1881.", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0348.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "and this party has remained in absolute control since\\nthe election of Wilkinson Call in 1879 to succeed Sen-\\nator Conover in the United States Senate. However,\\nthere was not much headway made during Governor\\nDrew s administration, owing to the still uncertain\\nstate of politics. Economy was the chief object of the\\nadministration, in order to lessen the public debt and\\nto relieve the people from the burden of taxation.\\nDuring the first year of his office Governor Drew was\\nable to lower the rate of taxation by two- and a half\\nmills, and in the following year to lower it still further.\\nThe taxable property of the State was at this time\\nabout thirty millions of dollars.\\nDuring 1878 and 1879 a route was surveyed for a\\nproposed canal to connect the St. Mary s River with\\nthe Gulf of Mexico at St. Marks or at Cedar Keys.\\nIt was found by this survey that there would not be\\nenough water to supply the locks, for the country was\\ndiscovered to be higher than was supposed. The pro-\\nject was in consequence given up. Other routes have\\nbeen proposed at various times since 1879.\\nWilliam D. Bloxham, Governor: 1881-1885.\\nGovernor Drew was succeeded in 1881 by William D.\\nBloxham. W^ith Governor Bloxham s term\\n1 88 1 of office coincides a sudden stride forward\\nin the progress of the State. This begins\\nmore directly in 1881 with the sale of four millions\\nacres of the public land to Hamilton Disston and as-\\nQ. How long were the reconstructionists in power? What\\nmade progress slow? With whom does a new era begin?\\nWhat element of the population came into power? Why\\nwas not much headway made during this administration?\\nWhat was its chief object? How much was the rate of tax-\\nation lowered the first year?\\n329", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0349.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "sociates of Philadelphia. The money received from\\nthe sale enabled the government to carry out many\\nschemes of improvement which she had before b\u00e2\u0082\u00acen\\nprevented from doing on account of the lack of funds.\\nMost of the Disston lands lay east of the Kissimmee.\\nAnother company was also formed by Disston which\\nhad as its object the\\ndraining of Lake\\nOkeechobee by means\\nof a canal connecting\\nwith the Caloosa-\\nhatchie River. The\\ncompletion of this\\ncanal four years later\\nlowered the. level of\\nthe lake and rendered\\nfit for cultivation two\\nmillion acres of over-\\nflowed land. About\\nthis period numerous\\nother land and canal\\ncompanies sprang into\\nexistence representing American and foreign capital.\\nMore corporations of this character have been ip oper-\\nation in Florida than in any other State. Much of her\\nprosperity has been due to them.\\nIn spite of the many railroads that had been planned\\nQ. Give an account of the canal route surveyed in 1878-79.\\nWho succeeded Governor Drew? With what does a sudden\\nadvance in the State s prosperity begin? What was she en-\\nabled to do? Where did the Disston lands lay? What other\\ncompany did Disston form? What was accomplished by the\\ncanal? What can you say of the number of land corporations\\nin Florida?\\nGOV. W. D. BLOXHAM, 188I-18\\n330", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0350.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "there were only five hundred miles in operation in\\n1882. In the next four years, however, over seven\\nhundred and fifty additional miles of road were con-\\nstructed. Nearly eighteen hundred miles have been\\nbuilt in the ten years from 1885 to 1895, making nearly\\nthree thousand miles of railroad in the latter year.\\nAt this period the orange industry began to assume\\nthe importance which it has since attained among the\\nindustries of the State.\\nOwing to the rapid advance in the wealth of Florida\\nduring the four years of Governor Bloxham s admin-\\nistration, her taxable property was doubled\\n1885 in value and in 1885 was put down as over\\nsixty millions of dollars. The last message\\nof the governor says: Florida has never occupied\\nthe high position that she does to-day in the financial\\nworld she has no floating debt, and cash in the\\ntreasury to meet all legitimate expenses.\\nPublic Schools Under Superintendent A. J.\\nRussell. When Governor Bloxham in 1884 ap-\\npointed Albert J. Russell Superintendent of Pubhc\\nInstruction, the right man seems to have been selected\\nto allay the old prejudice against the school system,\\nto breathe throughout the State a spirit of confidence\\nin public schools, to create a willingness to submit to\\ntaxation for the support of education, and to infuse\\ninto his teachers an earnest desire for excellence. The\\nQ. Give an account of railroads since 1882. What indus-\\ntry began to assume great importance at this time. How\\nwas the value of the taxable property increased during Gov-\\nernor Bloxham s administration? What does the governor\\nsay in his message? What can you say of Superintendent\\nRussell? How great was the increase in the number of\\nscholars between 1884 and 1890?\\n331", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0351.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "number of schools rapidly increased, and the number\\nof pupils was doubled in the six years from 1884 to\\n1890. Superintendent Russell s last report in 1892\\ngives 93.780 as the total number of school children en-\\nrolled at that time.\\nTeachers institutes began with appropriations made\\nby the legislature of 1883. The first State teachers\\ninstitute was held at DeFuniak in February, 1886,\\nwhere it has met on several subsequent occasions.\\nTwo normal schools were opened in October, 1887,\\none at Tallahassee for negro teachers, the other at De\\nFuniak for the instruction of white teachers. An in-\\nstitution for the blind and the deaf opened its doors\\nin 1884 at St. Augustine. A Florida university is-\\nsued its only catalogue for the session of 1884-85.\\nAfter a history dating from the legislature of 1870 the\\nState Agricultural College became a reality with its\\nestablishment at Lake City, where the first catalogue\\nwas published in June, 1886.\\nAmong the numerous private institutions for higher\\neducation that have sprung into existence during the\\nlast fifteen years may be named the Rollins College at\\nWinter Park (1885), the John B. Stetson Univer-\\nsity at DeLand, which first opened as the DeLand\\nUniversity (1887), and the Florida Conference Col-\\nlege at Leesburg (1887). The Jasper Normal Insti-\\ntute, begun at Jas])er in the early 8o s, is one of the\\nmost flourishing of the educational institutions of the\\nState.\\nConstitution of 1885. The question of holding\\na convention for the purpose of making cer-\\ntain changes in the constitution, having been\\nagitated since 1878, was decided in the negative\\n332", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0352.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "at the election of 1880. But the need for\\nsuch a convention becoming more apparent, a vote\\nwas taken in 1885, the convention was decided on, and\\nthe delegates elected, who met in June and\\n1886 framed a constitution which was ratified by\\nthe people in the following year. There was\\nto be no longer a lieutenant-governor. The adminis-\\ntrative ofificers, such as the Superintendent of Educa-\\ntion, were to be elected by the people, not appointed\\nby the governor as\\nheretofore. State sen-\\nators were limited to\\nthirty-two, and the\\nrepresentatives to six-\\nty-eight.\\nEdward A. Perry,\\nGovernor 1885-\\n1889. Governor Blox-\\nham s s u c\\n1885 c e s s o r in\\n1885 was Ed-\\nward A. Perry, a na-\\ntive of Massachusetts,\\n.who had settled in\\nFlorida before the\\ncivil war, and who had risen to the rank of brigadier-\\ngeneral in the Confederate service. During Governor\\nPerrv s administration Florida was on a boom A\\nGOV. EDWARD A. PERRY, 1SS5-1SS9.\\nQ. How many scholars were reported as enrolled in 1892?\\nWhat can you say of institutions for the education of teach-\\ners? Name some other public educational institutions. Men-\\ntion some private educational institutions. Give an account\\nof the constitution of 1885.\\n333", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0353.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "1 887\\nstronger tide of immigration than ever set in from the\\nNorth, chiefly to the eastern portion of the State, where\\nmany winter resorts arose, magnificent hotels\\nwere built, and towns were established in\\nrapid succession, too numerous to mention\\nin the short space of a school history. The\\ngreat Ponce de Leon hotel at St. Augustine\\nwas completed in 1887 at a cost of two and a half mil-\\nlions of dollars. During this year alone nine new\\nrailroad companies were incorporated. A slight check\\nto this rapid development was experienced in 1888\\nwhen a scourge of yellow fever broke out in Tampa,\\nand from there spread to Jacksonville, where it raged\\nCox, St. Augustine.\\nHOTEL PONCE DE LEON.\\nfor several months. From this city, however, the fever\\nwas carried to only a few of the surrounding towns.\\nFrancis P. Fleming, Gover nor: 1889-\\n1889 1893. The next governor following Gov-\\nernor Perry, was Francis P. Fleming, whose\\nterm of ofBce expired in 1893.\\n334", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0354.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "A new impulse was given to the progress of Florida\\nby the discovery of large beds of phosphate near\\nDunellon in Marion county during the first\\n1889 years of this administration. Phosphate had\\nbeen discovered two years before by Dr. J.\\nKost, but no notice was taken of the discovery till the\\nmines at Dunellon were opened by a syndicate in 1889,\\nwhen much excitement was created, and tracts of land\\ncontaining phosphate were sold at speculative prices.\\nSoon the majority of the counties reported mines of\\nmore or less richness. The export of phosphate in\\n1895 amounted to five hundred thovtsand tons.\\nThe election of a\\nUnited States senator\\nt o succeed\\n1 89 1 Senator Call\\nresulted in a\\nlively contest. Sena-\\ntor Call himself re-\\nceived a majority of\\nthe votes cast on the\\njoint ballot of the leg-\\nislature. Governor\\nFleming, however, ap-\\npointed his successor\\non the ground that\\nthere had been no\\nquorum in the Senate gov. francis p. Fleming, 1889-1893.\\nQ. Mention some change made by the constitution. Who\\nsucceeded Governor Bloxham? What was the condition of\\nFlorida under his administration? Give some of the events\\nof the boom What great hotel was completed in 1887?\\nGive an account of the yellow fever in 1888. Who succeeded\\nGovernor Perry? What discovery was made in 1889?\\n335", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0355.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "but when the matter was referred to the national Sen-\\nate, Senator Call was given the seat. At the expira-\\ntion of his term in 1897 another contest arose, and this\\ntime his successor was elected in the person of Stephen\\nR. Mallory, son of the Confederate Secretary of Navy.\\nOwing to an enlargement of the State s expenses the\\ngovernor was compelled to increase the bonded debt,\\nwhich was after this increase $1,232,500.\\nThe People s Party was organized at Ocala in 1892.\\nMorast, Tampa.\\nTAMPA BAY HOTEL.\\nHenry L. Mitchell, Governor: 1893-1897. Gov-\\nernor Fleming was followed in 1893 by Henry L.\\nMitchell. William N. Sheats succeeded Su-\\n1893 perintendent Russell in the superintendency\\nof public instruction. The new superinten-\\ndent at once introduced a new school law, according\\nto which teachers certificates were divided into six\\nclasses and were to be obtained only after a strict ex-\\namination. The examinations were made uniform\\nQ. What effect did the discovery have? Give the amount\\nof phosphate exported in 1895. Give an account of the re-\\nelection of Senator Call. Why was it necessary to increase\\nthe State s debt? To what amount? What party was organ-\\nized at Ocala in 1892? Who succeeded Governor Fleming?\\nWho succeeded Superintendent Russell? What changes did\\nSuperintendent Sheats introduce?\\n336", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0356.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "over the State. Opposition was encountered at first,\\nbut the increase in the efficiency of the teachers de-\\nmonstrating the wisdom of the change from the old\\norder, this opposition was soon silenced. Superinten-\\ndent Sheats was reelected in 1896, at the expiration of\\nhis first term of office.\\nDecember 29, 1894, was the coldest day known in\\nthe history of Florida, not excepting the eighth day of\\nFebruary, 1835, when the St. Johns froze\\n1894 over several rods from the shore. The orange\\ncrop, valued at four millions of dollars, was\\nalmost totally destroyed, and the groves were much\\ninjured by the killing\\nof the trees. Pineap-\\nples, bananas, and\\nother tropical\\n1896\\nfruits also\\nsuffered largely. On\\nthe 29th of September,\\n1896, a hurricane\\nswept over the State,\\ncausing directly and\\nindirectly a loss of\\nover ten millions of\\ndollars,\\nThe election of 1896\\nreturned to office ex- gov. henry l. mitchell, 1S93-1S97.:\\nGovernor William D. Bloxham, who had once\\nbefore served as Governor from 1881 to 1885.\\nQ. How were these cl.anges received? Give the injury-\\ninflicted by the cold of December 29, 1894. How great was\\nthe loss caused by the hurricane of 1896?\\n23 337", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0357.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "With the beginning of the new administration we\\nhave all but reached the limit to which the History of\\nFlorida could at present be carried, and we will then\\nfittingly close with a rapid review of events from the\\ndays of Juan Ponce de Leon.\\nRetrospect. Three hundred and eighty-five years\\nhave passed since the old Spanish cavalier bestowed\\nthe name of Florida on the land he had dis-\\n1898 covered. From signifying almost the whole\\nof North America Florida gradually nar-\\n1763 rowed down under the encroachments of\\nFrench and British colonists till Spain sur-\\nrendered to England a Florida which lay east of the\\nPerdido River and south of the thirty-first parallel of\\nnorth latitude. For twenty years English enterprise\\nbrought such prosperity as Florida had\\n1783 never known before and scarcely since, only\\n1819 to have it perish when Spain once again be-\\n1845 came owner. Nearly eighty years ago the\\n1861 United States purchased the provinces of\\n1881 East and West Florida. So rapidly did the\\nnew territory grow that in 1845 it was admit-\\nted into the Union as a State. The Civil War and\\nreconstruction checked her growth, but only for a\\ntime. Since the beginning of Governor Bloxham s\\nfirst administration the wealth of Florida has increased\\nmore than threefold, and the population has been\\nQ. Who was elected governor in 1896? How long has it\\nbeen since Ponce de Leon discovered Florida? What did\\nFlorida mean at first? When Spain surrendered it to Eng-\\nland? What can you say of the prosperity under English\\nrule? Give a review of Florida s history from 1783 to 1881.\\nGive a review from Governor Bloxham s first administration\\nto his second.\\n338", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0358.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "doubled. In this period nearly three thousand miles\\nof railroad have been built, millions of acres of swamp\\nlands have been redeemed, the cultivation of tropical\\nand other fruits has made Florida almost one vast\\ngarden, and, finally, schools and colleges have been\\nestablished ranking with those of any State.\\n339", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0359.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0360.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "IN DEX\\nAbalachie ...15\\nAchusee 25\\nAmbrister, Robert 206\\nAnderson, Gen. R. H 294\\nArbuthnot, Alexander 205\\nApalachicola River 137\\nNegro Fort on 198, 201\\nApalachicola, Town of 224\\nArmistead, General 254\\nAute 16\\nBahama Islands, Capture of... 170\\nBanks 227\\nBarrancas 177, 287, 256\\nBarrows, Mrs 112\\nBaton Rouge, Government of.. 182\\nBetsey, Capture of 151\\nBloodhounds in Seminole War.. 253\\nBloody Marsh 129\\nBloxham, Wm. D 329)337\\nBlue, Major 198\\nBoundary between Florida and\\nUnited States 173\\nBowy er, Fort 196\\nBowlegs, War with 188\\nBowles, Gen. Wm. A 178\\nBragg, Gen. Braxton 290, 294\\nBranch, John 270\\nBroome, James E 277\\nBrown, Thomas 275\\nBuccaneers at St. Augustine 102\\nCall, Gen. R. K 241, 269\\nCallava, Don Jose M 211, 218\\nCaloosa 79\\nCanal 226, 329\\nCarlos 61\\nCaroline, Fort 36, 38, 52\\nCharles Fort 34\\nChase, C. T 321.\\nChester, Peter 147\\nCivil War 282\\nCoacoochee, or Wild Cat.. 243, 246\\n258, 260\\nConstitution of 1885 332\\nConvention to Frame Constitu-\\ntion 318\\nCoppinger, Don Jose 210\\nCuniga, Gov r 109\\nDade, Major, Massacre of 237\\nDeserters in Civil War 308\\nDickinson, Capt 307\\nDominicans in Florida 27\\nDrake, Sir F 69\\nDrew, G. F 325, 328\\nDuval, W. P 220\\nEast Florida 137, 164\\nEaton, J. B 269\\nElection, First State 273\\nEllicott, Andrew 177\\nEncroachments of English 105\\nEstrada, Col 183\\nEuchee Anna 224\\nFernandina 185, 203, 299\\nFinances in 1871 322\\nFinegan, Gen. J 306\\nFleming, F. P 334\\nFlorida, before Ponce de Leon. 1\\nName S\\nExtent ID\\nUnder Spanish Rule 175\\nNegotiations for 212\\nTreaty of Cession 213\\nAdmitted to Union 270\\nWithdraws from Union 282\\nIn- Civil War 289\\nReadmitted to Union 317\\nRepublic of 185", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0361.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "Folch, Vincente 1761\\nFountain of Youth 2]\\nFrancis, Prophet 205\\nFrench in Florida 34, 39,\\nGaines, General .239\\nGalvez, Don Bernardo de...i66, 168\\nGenet, Minister 176\\nGeorge, Fort 168\\nGeorgia 1 19, 127\\nGold to be found in warm coun-\\ntries 13\\nGourgues, Dominic de 64, 68\\nGrant, James 140\\nGreat Fraud of 76 326\\nHart, O. B 323\\nHawkins, G. S 285\\nHawkins, Sir John 40\\nHome Guards 305\\nIndians 71-94\\nJackson, Gen. Andrew 204, 216\\nJacksonville 224, 300\\nJefferson, Fort 288\\nJesup, General 241, 248\\nJohnstone, George 140\\nKey West 224\\nKindelan, Gov. of E. Fla 183\\n.King, Col 211\\nLafayette, Grant of Land to 223\\nLand Companies 329, 330\\nLand Grants 214\\nLaudonniere, Rene de 36,53\\nLouisiana Purchase 181\\nLuna, Tristan de 28-32\\nMacomb, Gen 252\\nMalee 206\\nMallory, S. R 283\\nMarianna 224\\nMarion, Fort 99-102\\nMarvin, Wm 316\\nMasot, Don Jose 210\\nMatanzas 55-57\\nMaurique, M. G 183\\nMcGillivray, A 155\\nMcRae, Fort 286, 297\\nMeade, Gen 318\\nMenendez de Aviles, P.. .44, 51, 59\\n63,68\\nMilton, John 280, 313\\nMissions 95, 97, 98\\nMitchell, H. L 336\\nMobile District 182, 184\\nMonteano, Gov 127, 130\\nMonticello 224\\nMoore, Gov., Invades Florida.. 107\\nno\\nMoosa, Fort 123\\nMoseley, W. D 274\\nMoultrie, Gov 150\\nNarvaez, Panfilo de 13\\nNatural Bridge, Battle at 313\\nNavy Yard at Pensacola 288\\nNew Smyrna 143, 152\\nOglethorpe, Gen. Jas. .119, 127, 130\\nOkeechobee, Battle of 247\\nOld Rory 158\\nOlustee 308\\nO Niel, Arthur 176\\nOrtiz, Juan 20\\nOsceola 233, 245\\nPalatka 224\\nPanton, Wm 153, 174\\nPayne, King 188\\nPensacola 102, 114, 132, 133, 141\\n146, 195, 197, 301, 307\\nPensacola, ship 177\\nPeople s Party 336\\nPerdido River 103\\nPerry, E. A 333\\nPerry, M. S 278\\nPhosphate discovered 335\\nPickens, Fort 289, 291, 296\\nPonce de Leon, Juan... 3,5,8\\nPope, Gen. J 317\\nQuesada, Gov. of E. Fla 180\\nRed Sticks 193\\nReed, Harrison 320, 323\\nReed, Robert R 270\\nRepresentative Government 149, 162", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0362.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "Revolutionary War 151\\nRibaut, Jean 34. 43. 54. S8\\nRogel, Father 97\\nRussell, A. J 331\\nSt. Augustine 60, 62, 69, loi, 120\\n133. 136, 187, 300\\nSt. Johns Bluff 304\\nSt. Johns River 34\\nSt. Josephs 113. 224\\nSt. Marks 113\\nSt. Maxent, Don F. M 183\\nSalt Works Destroyed 307\\nSan Carlos 103, 117, 208\\nSan Mateo 53\\nSchools 279, 321, 331\\nScott, Gen. W. S 240\\nSecession, Convention for 282\\nSeminoles 74. 229, 235\\nSeminole War, First 204\\nSecond 235, 264\\nSheats, Wm. N 336\\nSocial Life in Territory 226\\nSoto, Hernando de 19, 23, 26\\nSouth Carolina 105, 106, in\\nStearns, M. L 324\\nTallahassee .222\\nTaylor, Fort 289\\nTaylor, Gen. Z 247, 251\\nTecumseh 191\\nThompson, Gen., Murder of.... 236\\nTonyn, Patrick 150\\nTwelve-mile Swamp 188\\nVidal Affair. 217\\nVillafane, Angel de 32\\nVoyages on Gulf Coast 8\\non Atlantic Coast 8\\nWalker, David S 317\\nWeatherford 193\\nWest Florida.. 137, 165, 169, 183, 207\\n210, 2l6\\nWest Florida, Republic of 183\\nWhite, Enrique 176, 183\\nWithlacoochee, Battle of 239\\nWorth, General 257\\nYemassees in Florida 112\\nYulee (Levy), David 274, 283\\nZuniga, M 183", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0363.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0364.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "L-", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0365.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0366.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2836", "width": "3820", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0367.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0368.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0369.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "Deacldifled using the Bookkeeper process.\\nNeutralizing Agerii: Magnesium Oxiae\\nTreatment Date:\\nJUL 1398\\nBBRKEEPER\\nPRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. L.P.\\n1 1 1 Thomson Park Di ive\\nAJ Cranberry Township. PA 16066\\n(724)779-2111", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0370.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0371.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2724", "width": "1674", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryoff01gree_0372.jp2"}}