{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3235", "width": "1976", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "?^o\\n4 o\\n^V\\no_\\n^V o\\n0- v- ^c^ j.0^..^:;^\\no\\n^o. **Trr.* ,o", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "^0 M^. Mas.\\nr\\n,:i ov V\\nV ^^^A^ y^i\u00c2\u00a3\\\\ V.^^ -^^SK\\nV\\n-n^.o^\\n^oV^\\nvt-O^\\n\u00c2\u00b0^-^-?%o ^:^-y^", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2937", "width": "1716", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "CLIMATOLOGY OF FLORIIJ\\nBY\\nCHARLES J. KENWORTHY, M. D.,\\nJACKSONVILLE, FLA.,\\nPRESIDENT FLORIDA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT DUVAL COUNTY\\nMEDICAL ASSOCIATION LATE SENIOR SURGEON BALLARAT HOS-\\nPITAL AND PHYSICIAN TO BALLARAT BENEVOLENT ASY-\\nLUM, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA.\\nReprint from Transactions Florida Medical AssoaATioK,\\nSession of 1880.\\nSAVANNAH;\\nUOSNXMO KBWa BTEAM PBIMTIi7 3 HOTTSBi\\n1889.", "height": "3097", "width": "1845", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "/3y fJ\\nPREFACE.\\nAt a recent meeting of the Florida Medical Association, a\\npaper was read on the Climatology of Florida, by Dr. C, J.\\nKenworthy, the President, which attracted very general\\nattention. The information which it contains is not only\\nvaluable, but it is presented in so forcible a style that we\\nwere anxious to have it disseminated through a wider sphere\\nthan could be reached by its publication in the proceedings\\nof a medical society. We therefore applied to Dr. Ken-\\nworthy for permission to republish it and distribute it\\namong the thousands throughout the Northern and Western\\nStates who seek a warmer winter climate. This permission\\nwas kindly granted, and the author has also taken the\\nopportunity to introduce some statistics that were not avail-\\nable at the time the paper was originally published.\\nTo the annual visitor to Jacksonville, the name of Dr.\\nKenworthy will be sufi cient to attract attention to anything\\nfrom his pen. To those who do not know him, we will say\\nthat he adds to his high standing and long experience as a\\nphysician in New York city, in Australia and in Jackson-\\nville, that thorough acquaintance with the forests and\\nstreams of Florida, which can only be acquired as an ardent\\nvotary of the rod and gun.\\ni", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": ".]P\\nCLIMATOLOGY OF FLORIDA.\\nBY CHARLES J. KENWOETHY, M. D., JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.\\nMr. President and Gentlemen\\nThe President, Dr. Daniel, appointed me one of the\\nessayists on this occasion, and I have selected as a subject\\nfor a few remarks, the Climatology of Florida, with United\\nStates and Continental comparisons. In treating this sub-\\nject, I shall not aim at originality. In the language of Dr.\\nLente, of New York, I make the attempt to enlighten the\\npublic, more especially the medical public, on the subject of\\nthe Climate of Florida, its adaptability as a health resort,\\nand especially to remove certain unfounded ideas and preju-\\ndices which have been wide spread and deeply rooted in\\nNorthern communities. It is somewhat surprising that this\\nshould be the case with medical men, since positive informa-\\ntion on the subject has always been accessible to them in\\nthe volumes of the Medical Statistics of the United States\\nArmy, the Army Medical Reports, and the Reports of the\\nAdjutant General s Office.\\nAs evidence that such ignorance does prevail among edu-\\ncated medical men regarding climate, I quote from recent\\nwriters.\\nDr. Denison remarks Of American climates of low\\nelevation, we have the resorts of moist and sedative Flor-\\nida. f If this gentleman had familiarized himself with the\\nmeteorology of Florida, he would have written Portions\\nof Florida possess a dry and bracing climate, while some\\nlocalities are more moist and sedative.\\nDr. Napheys uses the following language Lower dry\\nclimates Cannes, Mentone, Minnesota, Northern Georgia.\\nLower damp climates Florida moist, changeable.\\nBut the facts in the case, if reliable observations are to\\nbe accepted, are the opposite of what Dr. Napheys has\\nasserted. The mean relative humidity of the localities re-\\nferred to, for the cold months, is as follows\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Constituents of Climate, Louisville Medical Journal, Aug., 1878.\\nt Rocky Mountain Health Kesoits, by Charles Denison, A. M., i/L\\nD., Boston, 1880, p 13.\\nt Modern Medical Therapeutics, by G. A. Napheys, M. D., Phila-\\ndelphia, 1880, p. 193.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Cannes and Mentone*...\\nAugusta, Ga.t\\nBreckenridge, Minn, f\\nDuluth, Minn.f\\nSt. Paul, Minn.t-..\\nJacksonville, tla.f\\nKey West Fla f\\nPunta Rassa, Fla f\\n\u00c2\u00a73\\nfi\\nfc; DO\\nb\\na\\ne\\nD\\njH\\no\\np\\n01\\nti\\no\\n9 o\\nc\\na\\nJ3\\na\\nprct.\\nprct.\\nprct.\\nprct.\\nprct.\\nprct.\\n71.8\\n74 2\\n72.0\\n70.7\\n73.3\\n72.4\\n71 8\\n72.6\\n73.0\\n64.7\\n62.8\\n68.9\\n76.9\\n83.2\\n76 8\\n81 8\\n79.5\\n79.6\\n74.0\\n72.1\\n72.7\\n73.3\\n71.0\\n72.6\\n70.3\\n73.\\n7.5.2\\n70.7\\n67.1\\n714\\n71.9\\n6!) 3\\n70 2\\n6.S.5\\n63.9\\n68.8\\n77.1\\n78.7\\n78. i)\\n77.2\\n72.2\\n76.8\\n72.7\\n73.2\\n74.2\\n73.7\\n69.9\\n72.7\\n\u00c2\u00a73\\npr ct.\\n74.4\\n72.7\\nFrom the above data, it appears that the mean relative\\nhumidity of Cannes and Mentone, during the cold months,\\nexceeds that of Jacksonville by nearly four per cent. Three\\nstations in Minnesota have a mean of 74.4, and three in\\nFlorida a mean of 72.7, showing a per cent, of 1.6 in favor\\nof Florida, and 5.6 per cent, in favor of Jacksonville over\\nMinnesota.\\nDr. Talbot Jones, of St. Paul, Minnesota, in an essay\\npublished in the New York Medical Journal, September,\\n1879, says The injurious effects of a moist atmosphere\\nhave been alluded to. By referring to the foregoing meteo-\\nrological tables, it will be observed that the atmosphere of\\nthis State (Minnesota) is remarkably free from moisture.\\nHygrometric measurements show that the atmosphere of\\nthat State (Florida) is loaded with moivsture.\\nDr. Jones learnedly discusses Hygrometric measure-\\nments and that State loaded with moisture, neglects to\\nfavor his readers with a reliable table referring to the hu-\\nmidity of Florida. Simple assertions, as that State loaded\\nwith moisture, are unprofessional and unreliable.\\nIf we take the entire year, for a period of five years, we\\nwill find but httle difference in the mean relative humidity\\nof Minnesota and Florida, as the following data, kindly\\nfurnished us by the Chief Signal Officer of the United States\\nArmy, will demonstrate\\n*The Riveira, E. J. Sparks, M. D., London, 1879, p. 9.\\nf Signal Office Reports.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Minnesota.\\nFlorida.\\nYears.\\nd\\na\\n1\\n4)\\na\\no\\nm\\nM\\nS\\n3\\n00\\n1875\\nprct.\\n75.7\\n67.7\\n72.2\\n76.2\\n74.1\\npr ct.\\n67.2\\n68.2\\n71.9\\n71.5\\n72.8\\nprct.\\n69.0\\n69.1\\n67.6\\n67.7\\n65.3\\nprct.\\n70.8\\n67.2\\n69.3\\n68.7\\n69.7\\nprct.\\n76.0\\n73.9\\n70.5\\n72.4\\n72.3\\nprct.\\n71 5\\n1876\\n70 1\\n1877\\n74 1\\n1878\\n74 5\\n1879\\n74 2\\nMean for 5 years\\n73.2\\n70.3\\n67.7\\n69.0\\n73.0\\n74.1\\nMean for five years for\\nStates\\n70.4\\n72.0\\nFrom the above reliable data, it will be found that the\\natmosphere of Florida, although loaded with moisture,\\ncontains, for the year, but 1 6-10 per cent, of moisture in\\nexcess of the dry and desiccating climate of Minnesota.\\nDuring the five cold months, the mean relative humidity of\\nFlorida is less than that of Minnesota, and if we accept as\\nconclusive, the hygrometric measurements and statements\\nof Dr. Jones, Minnesota is not a suitable climatic resort for\\ninvalids during the winter months, for its relative mean\\nliumidity is greater than that of Florida, and more especially\\nthat of Jacksonville, which he specially condemns, on the\\nground that the atmosphere is loaded with moisture.\\nThe mean relative humidity of St. Paul exceeds that of\\nJacksonville for the five cold months by 2.6 per cent.\\nNatural remedial agents, as climate and mineral waters,\\nare attracting much attention, and reliable data regarding\\nthem should be placed before the profession and the public.\\nIn the language of Dr. Madden, Physician to St. Joseph s\\nHospital, Dublin, Notwithstanding the number of recent\\nworks on the subject, there is a great deficiency of accurate\\ninformation concerning even the most frequented health\\nresorts. For the majority of such books, being written\\neither by those residing in some sanitarium, the, advantages\\nof which are unconsciously exaggerated, or else being merely\\ncopied from their local advertisements, physicians at home\\niare often misled, and the patients suffer the consequences.\\nHe who would attempt to supply the want of a comprehen-", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a06\\nsive and reliable guide to health resorts, should have per-\\nsonal experience in many climes and places, and himself be\\na physician.\\nDifference of opinion exists in the profession regarding\\nthe effects of climate in the treatment of pulmonary and other\\ndiseases. Having been a member of the profession for\\nover the third of a century, and having treated disease in\\nprivate practice, as well as in several hospitals in the United\\ntetates and in other lands, I have reason to believe that I\\nam justified in expressing mine. My reason for settling in\\nthis State was my wife s health. She was a sufferer from\\nphthisis, aggravated by a Northern climate. From my per-\\nsonal knowledge of the climatic advantages of this State,\\nacquired by frequent visits, the first in 1844, 1 resolved upon\\nsettling in this city. As a result of change of climate, com-\\nbined with rational medication, my wife was restored to\\nhealth. In 1849, I was connected with Bellevue and Black-\\nwell s Island Hospitals, New Yorli, and contracted typhoid\\nfever and cholera, followed by post mortem poisoning, and\\nimpaired health was the result. Tracing my family history,\\nI found that my mother and fourteen of her brothers and\\nsisters had died of phthisis. With impaired health, a laryn-\\ngeal affection and a hereditary predisposition to tubercu-\\nlosis, I had anything but a bright prospect before me. I\\nlooked to clima e as my sheet anchor, and sailed for Aus-\\ntralia and a dry and warm climate improved my health,\\nand to-day, as you can all perceive, I am in the enjoyment\\nof as good health as usually falls to the lot of men of my\\nage. After a permanent residence in this State of nearly\\nsix years, I am convinced of its healthfulness and the supe-\\nriority of its climate, and deem myself warranted in express-\\ning an opinion.\\nWhen invalids visit a Southern clime, they expect to find\\nperpetual spring, and a climate made to order, a wonder-\\nful paradise, and cry out like naughty children when theii;\\ndelusion is exploded. But a model climate does not exist,\\nand no country is perfect in this respect. The physician s\\nobject should be to select for his patients the situation pre-\\nsenting the greatest advantages and the fewest objectionable\\nfeatures for the case under consideration. Annually, pa-\\ntients migrate to health resorts merely to find a grave, as a\\nsequence of being sent from home when beyond the hope\\nof cure, or because a situation unfavorable to the particular\\nmalady has been selected, the laws of climate being ill un-\\nHealth Resorts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 T. M. Madden, M. D., 1876, p 7.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "derstood, and in some measure, because it is difficult to\\npersuade the sick that simple change from one climate to\\nanother country or section, is only one of the means by which\\nthey are to regain their health. For, although there can be\\nno doubt that in change of air, physicians have an efficient\\nremedial agent, yet it is certain that this remedy, like all\\nothers, is not of indiscriminate application, but must be pre-\\nscribed with judgment. Of the large and annually\\nincreasing number of invalids, more especially consumptive\\npatients, who are now sent abroad to winter in vapious\\nhealth resorts, probably as many are injured by a wrong or\\nby too tardy a change of climate, as are saved by the timely\\nand judicious use of this most valuable remedy. Patients,\\nas a rule, will not abandon the comforts of home, or the\\navocations of their life, so long as they can cling to them,\\nnor do physicians generally prescribe this step until other\\ntreatment has failed, and then, when perhaps the disease is\\nfar advanced, the patient may be induced to try a change\\nof climate as a last resource. f\\nWhat climate shall be chosen for the invalid, is a matter\\nof vital importance, and an error in this direction may be\\nfatal. In some instances, neither physicians nor patients\\nftiUy appreciate the necessity of deciding correctly and\\nabiding by the decision. Invalids are often imprisoned in\\nsome secluded spot, which happens to be brought promi-\\nnently before them or their physicians by a well written\\npamphlet, when a frequent change of air would have been\\nbeneficial to them, and when the moral effect of change of\\nscene would have been more useful. On the other hand,\\nthose who require rest and quiet are allowed to rush wildly\\nalong and pass the greater part of their time in traveling.\\nOthers are consigned to a cold, damp and changeable cli-\\nmate, when they require the opposite. Some are sent to a\\ntropical and moist climate, when they would be benefited\\nby a moderate, dry and bracing one. Dr. Brinton, of Phil-\\nadelphia, has aptly, yet bluntly, presented this subject, and\\nwe shall quote his language And here I must say with\\nall due deference to the faculty, that the ignorance and care-\\nlessness of physicians in reierence to this matter are, at\\nmost, reprehensible. Few of them make any distinction in\\ncases. They send all consumptives to Minnesota, or to\\nTexas, or to Cuba, or Florida, as if in every instance what\\nis sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. Thus it hap-\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Tanner s Practice of Medicine, p. 7S2.\\nf Health Eesorts Madden, p. 1. .\u00c2\u00abia ;i", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8\\npens, that the most eligible climates gain a bad reputation.\\nWhen a medical man recommends a climate and yet is una-\\nble to tell its temperature, its moisture, its prevailing winds,\\nits seasons, its local diseases, its articles of food, its accom-\\nmodations for travelers beware of him he is a dangerous\\ncounselor. These facts the physician must know to advise\\nwisely. Constitutions are differently affected by climate,\\nand so are cases of the same disease. Some chmates are\\nsedative and relaxing othei s tonic and bracing some are\\nmoist and soothing others dry and steeling. Some consti-\\ntutions are nervous and irritable others torpid and sluggish;\\nsome have plenty of latent force, which needs use in others,\\nthe vital powers are naturally weak and must be carefully\\nhusbanded. In some cases, the syrpptoms are of inflamma-\\ntory in others, of an atonic character. In some, the secre-\\ntions are scanty in others, profuse. In some, considera-\\ntions of diet are of great importance in others, they do not\\nenter. In some, the cough is importunate in others,\\nscarcely annoying, and a hundred other differences might\\nbe added. The question is a complicated one. It asks, for\\nits solution, the utmost care of the physician. It almost\\ndemands the trained skill of a specialist.\\nIn this age of rapid, cheap and comfortable traveling, the\\nadvantages to health of a change of climate should be con-\\nsidered by every person suffering from pulmonary or chronic\\ndisease, or broken health. It is a pleasant, and in many\\ncases, a valuable remedy, if judiciously advised. It would\\nbe difficult, says Sir James Clark, the standard authority\\non climate, to point out the chronic complaint, or even\\ndisordered state of health which is not benefited by a timely\\nand judicious change of climate. The diseases most likely\\nto be benefited or cured by change of climate, are phthisis,\\nlaryngeal and bronchial affections, asthma, disorder of the\\ndigestive organs, chronic gout and rheumatism, affections\\nof the kidneys, and broken health. A change of climate is\\nbeneficial to strumous children, is invaluable during conva-\\nlescence from acute and chronic disease, and more especially\\nis it one of the chief resources of restorative medicine.\\nA large majority of patients require a moderately warm,\\ndry and bracing atmosphere, and the few demand a warm,\\nsedative climate, where the atmosphere is not alone warm,\\nbut humid aad here steps in that knowledge that should\\nbe possessed by medical men who recommend climatic\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Florida and the South\u00e2\u0080\u0094 D. G. Brinlon, M. D., Philadelphia, 1869,\\np. 120.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "change as a remedial agent. A moderately warm, dry and\\nbracing air, with but few sudden and great atmospheric\\nchanges, is especially adapted to tuberculous disease in ita\\nearly stages, catarrh, chronic bronchiti:--, chronic rheuma-\\ntism, debilitating mucous discharges, renal diseases, dys-\\npepsia, and some cases of asthma. A moist, warm and\\nsedative climate is best adapted to many cases of advanced\\nphthisis, dry asthma, chronic bronchitis, accompanied with\\ngreat irritability of the pulmonary mucous membrane, and\\nhard, dry cough. The particular locality, or what climate\\nshall be chosen for a winter resort in any given case, is a\\nmatter of great importance, and should not be based on this\\nor that letter or publication. Facts, figures, experience and\\nfavorable factors of climate should determine the question.\\nAn error in this direction may be fatal, and before a physi-\\ncian advises a patient to resort to any particular locality,\\nhe should carefully investigate each particular case, arrive\\nat a correct diagnosis, and familiarize himself with the fac-\\ntors of each winter resort. Many an invalid who would be\\nrestored to comparative health, or at least survive for years,\\nif he wintered in a temperate climate, is sent to a region\\nwhere zero is frequently reached, where atmospheric changes\\nare frequent and great, and where the patient is confined to\\nheated rooms for days together, and debarred from taking\\nexercise and enjoying the health-giving influence of sunlight\\nand pure air. Others are sent to a warm and relaxing cli-\\nmate, when they require a temperate, dry and bracing one.\\nFashion and the influence of some leading physician have\\nmuch to do with this.\\nIn this active business country we find many persons who\\nhave been overworked and present a breach in the chain of\\nthose vital processes, whose continuity constitutes health\\na condition popularly known as broken health. The\\nphysician is unable to point out any special abnormal con-\\ndition of any particular organ. The invalid cannot picture\\nhis symptoms, for there is no marked pain, and no particu-\\nlar function of life that is abnormal. The patient feels\\nhimself less capable than formerly of transacting the ordi-\\nnary affairs of business little things annoy him a small\\namount of exercise tires him, his night s i-est is insufiicient,\\nhe suffers from distended bowels, he is uncomfortable after\\nmeals, symptoms of defective circulation are manifested, his\\nknees and ankles become stiff, he has pains in the back and\\nsides, the tongue is somewhat furred in the morning, the\\ncomplexion loses its transparency, after a time slight deaf-\\nness or imperfection of vision occurs toward night ia spite", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10\\nef debility, the patient sometimes grows fat the nails be-\\ncome brittle the urine is generally pale and scanty, and, if\\nexamined microscopically, will frequently be found to con-\\ntain numerous chrystals of oxylate of lime. In some\\ninstances, the sufferer applies to a physician, and as the\\nsymptoms are mainly negative, he is treated for bilious-\\nness, nervousness, or dyspepsia, three convenient\\ncloaks for professional ignorance. Failing to obtain relief,\\nthe patient flies to quack medicines, and tries bitters,\\nliver regulators, and mandrake pills. The patient is\\nsimply suffering from broken health, or, more correctly\\nspeaking, general degenerative diathesis.\\nUnless judicious treatment is adopted, the heart becomes\\ndilated, atheromatous change occurs in some of the arteries,\\ncerebral throbbing, weakness and irregular action of the\\nheart, atropic paralysis of a limb. Bright s disease, chronic\\nbronchitis, chronic inflammation of the stomach or colon, or\\nother serious affection becomes established. As local dis-\\neases, the sequence of broken health (general degenerative\\ndiathesis), proceed very slowly to an incurable stage, they\\ngive much encouragement to the medical man to hope for\\na cure, or at least the possibility of arresting diseased pro-\\ncesses, and making the patient comfortable for years. The\\nprimary cause which seems to underlie the series of condi-\\ntions and changes referred to, is weakness of the circulation,\\nthe result of overwork, sedentary occupations, anxiety of\\nmind, debauchery, or laziness. To relieve such cases, cli-\\nmatic change, suitable exercise, fresh air, sunshine, absence\\nfrom the harassing strain of business, proper food and\\nrational medication are demanded.\\nIf such a course is adopted, in a limited period, the pulse\\nwill beat regularly and stronger the heart impulse will be\\nfelt by the hand insJead of prostration after exercise, there\\nwill be a healthy weariness cold sweats will cease, swelling\\npf the extremities will disappear, digestion will be properly\\nperformed, and in time the patient will be restored to health\\nor comparative comfort. And in Florida, the worn-out man\\nof business, suffering from broken health, will find the\\nnecessary relaxation from brain fag, opportunities to take\\nout-docr exercise, plenty of sunshine, pure and bracing air,\\nand other necessary adjuncts to relieve a condition affecting\\nthe many. In this connection, I cannot refrain from refer-\\nring to what I consider an important fact. From my\\nobservations in the United States and in foreign lands, and\\nin hospital as well as private practice, I have been forced to\\nnotice the infrequeucy of chronic disease and broken health", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "11\\nin Florida. In my visits to various portions of this State,\\nI have met with many persons, old and young, who live\\nfrom year to year on improper food, and who drink water\\nfrom shallow holes, near marshes, and yet, singular to say\\n(although such persons are somewhat anaemic), they do not\\npresent any manifest diseased condition. In cities, towns,\\nvillages, and rural districts, where residents are supplied\\nwith proper food, and drink pure water, a case of chronic\\ndisease or broken health is seldom met with. And if we\\nhave a climate in which these conditions rarely occur, are\\nwe not justified in concluding that it will exert a powerful\\ninfluence in restoring the invalid to health As most of\\nyou are aware, I have, at various times, visited many por-\\ntions of the State, and have been surprised to meet so many\\npersons who have settled in it as invalids and have been\\nrestored to health or comparative comfort by the chmate\\na large proportion of them having been sufferers from pul-\\nmonary diseases. And what surprised me most, was the\\nfact that none of their offspring manifested any constitu-\\ntional predisposition to pulmonary disease. Independent of\\nuterine diseases among females, so common in every civilized\\ncouutry, and constitutional syphilis among colored people,\\nI will ask you if your experience will not bear out my state-\\nment, and if your practice among residents is not almost\\nexclusively confined to acute and not chronic disease and\\nbroken health If this is a fact, it would appear that the\\nclimate is peculiarly adapted to the cure of such conditions,\\nand have we not a potent agent to use, and if used aright,\\nto benefit suffering humanity\\nMany persons residing in the Northern and Western\\nStates suffer from what is known as winter cough a cough\\nlimited to the winter season, or much aggravated by it.\\nThis troublesome symptom may be the result of bronchitis,\\nemphysema, naso-pulmonary catarrh, follicular disease of\\nthe pharynx, chronic thickening of the pulmonary mucous\\nmembrane, or other pathological condition. The investi-\\ngations of Drs. Dobel, Green, C. T. Williams, and Pollock,\\nof London, and others, establish the fact that pulmonary\\nconsumption frequently results from one of the above con-\\nditions. Dr. C. T. Williams, Physician to the Brompton\\nHospital for Consumption, London, remarks A catarrh\\ncreeps down the bronchial mucous membrane and event-\\nually reaches some of the alveoU. fiere rapid proliferation\\nof epithelium (lymphatic endothelium) occurs, which is the\\nmore irritated and prone to multiply, owing to the inhala-\\nt:?? of some of the bronchial secretion. The alveoli becojjie", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12\\nchoked and stuffed with epithelium, and the vessels may be\\nemptied through pressure ulceration may follow, and\\nthe whole mass may liquify, caseate and become expecto-\\nrated.\\nFrom the rapid advances made in pulmonary pathology\\nwithin the last decade, it is self-evident that something more\\nis required of the medical man than the relief of cough or\\nthe administration of cod-liv3r oil and expectorants that\\nhe should possess an accurate and exhaustive knowledge of\\npulmonary diseases, and treat diseased conditions and not\\nsymptoms. It is time that physicians abandoned the older\\ndoctrines of the specificity of tubercle and phthisis, which\\nundoubtedly exercised an unfavorable influence upon treat-\\nment. Within a recent period, owing to accurate investi-\\ngations, there has been a gradually increasing tendency to\\nregard phthisis as an inflammatory affection, and there Las,\\nconsequently, been a corresponding tendency to attempt,\\nby treatment, to prevent the occurrence and control the\\ninfluence of bronchial and pulmonary inflammation. We\\ndo not even yet, remarks Dr. Green, Physician to Charing\\nCross Hospital, sufficiently recognize the fact that the\\ndevelopment of phthisis is determined and the progress of\\nthe disease influenced by the ordinary causes of iuflamma-\\ntion and the results of pathological investigation indicate,\\nI thmk, the advisability of directing our treatment still more\\nclosely with the object of preventing and controlling all\\ninflammatory processes in the lungs. Of all the teachings\\nof our pathology, this is undoubtedly by far, the most im-\\nportant. f According to Hirsch, This much is firmly\\nestablished, that catarrhal affections of the respiratory\\norgans, other things being equal, are the more frequent the\\nfarther we proceed from the tropics towards higher lati-\\ntudes, and that the maximum of their frequency in different\\nportions of the frigid and temperate zones, is found in gen-\\neral, where frequent, sudden and severe variations of\\ntemperature occur, in addition to the prevalence of a moist\\nand cold climate. When treating of bronchial catarrh,\\nDr. Riegel, Medical Director of the City Hospital of Cologne,\\nsays It is not to be denied that there is a class of indi-\\nviduals who, despite all precautionary measures, always\\nbecome affected with catarrh after the slightest exposure\\nand at every sudden change of weather. For such persons,\\n1\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Clinical Lectures on Phthisis, delivered at Brompton Hospital,\\nLondon. Brit, and For. Medical Journal, March, 1778.\\nf Green on Consumption, London, 1878, p. 99.\\nJHandb. Hist. Geograp. Path. Erlangen, 1862.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "13\\nthe choice of a tolerably mild residence, of equable temper-\\nature, often affords the only certain prophylactic. For\\npersons who suffer from bronchial catarrh every winter,\\nnothing can be recommended more urgently than resort to\\na milder climate for several winters. Many localities are\\nsuitable for this purpose, and in general, those are to be\\nrecommended which have been found suitable as winter\\nresidences for consumptives.\\nWhen any condition of the air passages exists calculated\\nto induce phthisis, or when a marked predisposition is pres-\\nent, climatic change is worthy of consideration. Dr. Dobel,\\nconsulting physician to the Royal Hospital for Diseases of\\nthe Cbest, London, states that, In 72 per cent, of cases of\\ncough he had analyzed, he found the disease had been\\naggravated by fresh colds, caught either by, 1, sudden\\nchanges of temperature 2, fogs and damp air 3, draughts\\nof cold air 4, getting wet 5, wet feet. f At p. 177, he\\nremarks The tuberculous diathesis adds frightfully to\\nthe perils of all catarrhal affections and will claim our atten-\\ntion on this account, rather than, a cause of winter cough.\\nWhen the constitutional tendency to consumption is at all\\nmarked, we shall have to be constantly on our guard against\\nthe occurrence of local congestions and inflammatory attacks\\nof catarrh, for ivhatemr increases the vascularitu of an internal\\norgan in the tuberculous diathesis, involves the lisk of tuber-\\ncularization of the affected part. And again, when we dis-\\ncover physical signs of that lung-disintegraiion, which is\\none of the serious effects of repeated and neglected catarrhal\\nattacks, grave as its importance must be allowed to be under\\nthe most favorable diathetic conditions, the co-existence of\\na tuberculous predisposition at once invests it with all the\\nhorrors of advancing consumption of the lungs, and will\\nnecessitate a change of climate entirely ruled by this con-\\nsideration. To prevent the winter cough from running into\\nconsumption will be the first consideration, in the climate\\nas well as in every other form of our treatment of the case.\\nWhen referring to the influence of cyclical conditions as\\nproductive of phthisis. Dr. Smith, Physician to the Hospital\\nfor Diseases of the Chest, at Brompton, remarks The\\nevils of the season [winter] will, however, be the tendency\\nto internal congestion and inflammation, the increase of\\ncough from irritation of pharynx and air passages, induced\\nby the inhalation of cold air the tendency to haemoptysis\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Ziemsen s Encyclopedia of Prac. Med., pp. 410, 413.\\nf Dobel on Cough and Consumption, 1877, p. 143.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14\\n-from increased cough, irritability of the mucous membrane\\nand congestion of the lungs, a,nd deficiency of temperature\\nfrom the cold. If a patient be restricted to an artificially\\nheated atmosphere, he will have the evils of dryness, still-\\nness and impurity of the air. In selecting a foreign winter\\nand early spring residence for the class of patients under\\nconsideration, we must seek for the conditions which will\\nenable the patient to spend his time in the open air, and\\n.such are the temperature, dryness of the air, and the\\nviolence of the winds. Speaking generally, those climates\\nwill be the most suitable in which the air is not moist, the\\ntemperature never very high nor tow, but uniformly sus-\\ntained.\\nThere is a period in man s existence when no actual dis-\\nease is present when the body gradually yields to the\\nadvances of old age. With the majority, this occurs between\\nthe fiftieth and sixty-fifth years, and it has long been noticed\\nthat the winter months are especially dangerous to persons\\nadvanced in years. The following passage from the London\\nTimes and Gazette for February 22d, 1879, illustrates the\\naction of a severe winter in causing mortality The quar-\\nterly return of the Register General for the period ending\\nDecember 31st, last, affords convincing proof of the fatal\\neffects of the late severe winter upon all ages of the com-\\nmunity. Tlie largest proportional excess in mortality\\noccurred among persons aged upwards of sixty years. The\\ndeath rate at these ages was equal to 83.7 per 1,000, and\\nwas considerably higher than in any corresponding quarter\\nsince 1870. The death rate among persons aged upwards\\nof sixty years, in the twenty large towns, during the Decem-\\nber quarter, averaged 89.6 per 1,000. Taking the mortality\\nof the mild autumn quarter of 1877, as a standard of com-\\nparison, the excess of mortality last quarter, due to the low\\ntemperature, may be stated in the following manner Among\\npersons of all ages, the excess was equal to 12.4 per cent.;\\nit was 8.8 per cent, greater among infants under one year\\nof age 7.8 among persons aged between one and sixty\\nyears, and so great as 24.7 among persons aged upwards of\\nsixty years.\\nMorbiiity, that is to say, the probability of becoming sick,\\nis marked during the great climacteric, and the diseases\\nwhich occur during this period are of a severe and fatal\\ncharacter. The table of Quetelet illustrates the liability to\\ndisease in those advanced in years\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Smith on Consumption, pp. 200, 203.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "15\\nAOB.\\nDeaths in 10,000\\nPbOBABLK DtTBA-\\nTION OF LlFK.\\nYeaus.\\nPbobability ow\\nDeath.\\n30\\n45\\n50\\n60\\n61\\n69\\n80\\n114\\n34.78\\n27.16\\n19.73\\n12.83\\n0,0106\\n0.0135\\n0.0182\\n0.0330*\\nResidents of cold and changeable climates are subjected\\nto great and sudden atmospheric changes, deprived of sun-\\nlight, fresh air, sufficient exercise, and are daily poisoned by\\nheaters, the elements resulting from the combustion of coal\\ngas and impure air from sewers. It is an undisputed fact\\nthat the winter months in cold, and more particularly\\nchangeable climates, are especially dangerous to persona\\nbetween fifty and seventy years of age. The old Romans\\nhad this pregnant expression Inimicus senihus hiems\\nwinter the foe of the aged. In discussing the action of cold\\non the system, Dr. Osgood, of Boston, no mean authority,\\nremarks But while the internal heat is economized, the\\nheart and blood vessels are exposed to serious dangers\\nwhich are due to high pressure. If the heart be weak, the\\nsudden call upon it for more vigorous action may paralyze\\nit the danger especially applies to the aged, to whom,\\nbesides, the blood vessels are liable to be weak and brittle.\\nWhen, therofore, cold weather comes on abruptly, sudden\\ndeaths among the fragile and aged are common, the cause\\nbeing apoplexy, or arrest of the heart, perhaps congestion\\nof the lungs. Another evil effect of sudden cold, or e\\\\en\\nchill, is checking pei spiration. The result may be pneu-\\nmonia, pleurisy, bronchitis, rheumatism or kidney trouble,\\nwith their train of dangerous and too often mortal after-\\neffects. f\\nIn treating of temperature as a cause of disease, Wagner,\\np. ()0, remarks As regards the nature of disease, we can\\nsay with accuracy that the respiratory organs suffer more in\\nwinter and spring than in summer. The able writer on\\nConsumption and Climate, Dr. Bennett, states Accord-\\ning to the Register General s Reports of the British Isles,\\nand the mortality register all over the world, the healthiest\\nwinters are those that have the highest temperatures. The\\nyears of greatest mortality are those in which extremes of\\ncold in the winter are reached. In temperate climates the\\ndeadliest seasons are those of greatest cold. Extreme heat\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Wagner s Pathology, 1877, p. 45.\\nt Winter and its Dangers, H- Oagood, M. D., 1879, pp. 13, 14.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16\\nand extreme cold not only interfere with the equilibrium of\\nfunctional activity, throwing a strain on some of the vital\\nfunctions of animal life to their serious risk and danger, but\\nnecessitates modes of existence detrimental to the healthy\\nperformance of these functions. Thus in very cold climates\\nsuch as St. Moritz, in the Engandine, and St. Paul, in Min-\\nnesota, United States, which have been recommended of\\nlate for phthisis in winter as well as summer, invalids have\\nto live in winter for by far the greater part of the twenty-\\nfour hours in badly ventilated rooms. When they go out\\nthey have to undergo the transition to a temperature thirty\\nor forty, or even more degrees, less than that in which they\\nlive during the greater part of the twenty-four hours. Such\\nconfinement, such transitions, even much less marked ones,\\nconstantly give rise in all Northern countries in winter, to\\ninflammatory a flections of the mucous membranes of the air\\npassages, to pneumonia and to pleurisy, and that in the\\nhealthiest members of the community. If it is so with the\\nhealthy, how can we expect those to resist such influences\\nwho are already diseased, who have morbid deposits, inflam-\\nmatory, catarrhal, scrofulous, tubercular in their lungs,\\nsoftened or not How can those who have already local\\npneumonias, local pleurisies, expect to withstand their per-\\nnicious influences Moreover, they do not live in the pure\\nair they ascended to reach, but in an atmosphere vitiated\\nby stove heating, by their own respiration, and by that of\\ntheir companions.\\nDr. Day, an English physician, calculating from about\\n55,000 persons over 60 years of age, determined that the\\ndeaths in January were nearly twice as great as in July.\\nThis statement confirms the opinion of another distinguished\\nstatistician, That waves of heat are waves of life, and\\nwaves of cold are waves of death. With these and a hun-\\ndred similar warnings before us, remarks Dr. Brinton, we\\nare safe in saying that in many cases, entire relaxation from\\nbusiness, and two or three winters in a warm climate, about\\nthe age of sixty will add years to life. The importance of\\nescaping the rigors and dangers of a Northern climate is\\nbeing appreciated by the aged as is evidenced by the thou-\\nsands of persona who annually visit Florida. In my winter\\nvisits to this State from 1865 to 1875, I found the majority\\nof the visitors to be invalids, tourists and sportsmen, but\\nmy observations during the past and several preceding win-\\nTreatise on Pulmonary Consumption, J. H. Bennett, M, D.,\\n1879, p. 70.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "17\\nters establish the fact that the majority who visit this State\\nare advanced in years and migrate with the birds to a land\\nwhere\\nThe gentle wind, sweet and passionate wooer,\\nKisses the blushing leaf.\\nClimacteric delay is obviously the concatenated pheno^\\nmena arising from that exhaustion of the vital energies\\nwhich takes place at a more or less advanced age, in conse-\\nquence of the cares, turmoils and physical exertions\\ndependent on existing states of society, particularly among\\nthe middle classes. The exhaustion manifesting itself\\nespecially in the functions which are most intimately related\\nto and concerned in the perpetuation of the vital endow-\\nment of the frame. As this decay of the vital energies\\nthis breaking up of the constitution, as it is commonly found,\\nis necessarily experienced by the whole frame, it is obvious\\nthat it may not only be hastened by whatever is either men-\\ntally or corporeally injurious, as well as specific forms of\\ndisease, but that it will be more or less remarkably evinced\\nin those organs which have especiallv suffered during pre-\\nvious attacks of disease. Hence the complicated states in\\nwhich senile decay is usually observed, and the rapid pro-\\ngress and unfavorable issue of such maladies appearing\\nabout the climacteric period. To obviate the occurrence of\\ndisease at this period of life, a change from a cold, moist\\nand changeable climate, to a dry and temperate one, will\\nprove advantageous. Dr. Madden remarks that in some\\nof the diseases peculiar to advanced age, change of climate\\nwill be the best adjuvant to husband out life s taper to its\\nclose.\\nThe word climate in its common signification indicates a\\nregion bounded by certain arbitrary lines, but in medicine\\nit possesses a wider meaning. The effect of climate upon\\nthe human system is the sum of the influences which are\\nconnected with many factors. The climate of any locality,\\nprofessionally speaking, depends upon its temperature,\\natmospheric vicissitudes, prt vailing winds, humidity, its\\nelevation above the sea level, its proximity to the ocean or\\noceanic currents, its contiguity to mountains, lakes, rivers,\\narid areas, soil, drainage, vegetable productions, malaria,\\ngeneral sanitation and other factors, which we shall briefly\\nconsider.\\nIn his investigations. Dr. Jones overlooked Kussia, where\\nthe Ice King is in all his majesty and strength, or else\\nhe would have referred to the following figures In Russia,", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "from 1857 to 1859, the general mortality from phthisis was\\n164 in the 1,000. In the most northern provinces, that of\\nArchangel, the mortalit} was 190 in 1,000, and in Wologda,\\n204 per 1,000.* In St. Petersburg it is very common. f\\nAt p. 274, Dr. Jones asserts that North Sweden and\\nNorway are likewise almost exempt from a disease [phthi-\\nsis], which carries off one- tenth of the population of the\\ntropics. According to the eminent authority, Dr. Lom-\\nbard,! the mortality from phthisis in the northern towns of\\nSweden is 147 in a thousand in those in the center, 125,\\nand in those in the south, 131. Norway presents the same\\nhigh mortality from phthisis, 130 in 1,000. In Denmark\\nthe mortality from phthisis is 122 per 1,000, nearly the same\\nas in Loudon, where it is 121. At p. 274, Dr. Jones states\\nthat phthisis carries off one-tenth of the population in the\\ntropics. If we are to accept this statement as fact and the\\nfigures of the eminent Dr. Lombard as reliable. Dr. Jones\\nis out of his latitude.\\nIn the language of Dr. Copeland As to the climate of\\ndifferent countries, and as to the influence of situation and\\nlocality, either in favoring or in preventing the prevalence\\nof phthisis, our knowledge is altogether imperfect. Much\\nthat has been asserted on this subject is more or less inac-\\ncurate, ihe inaccuracy being often in proportion to the\\ndogmatism with which the matter is treated.\\nTemperature is an important factor in climate, and a very\\nlarge proportion of the profession, who have made a special\\nstudy of pulmonary diseases, advocate a dry, sunny and\\ntern por ate climate for their successful treatment. In view:\\nof the great dissemination of phthisis throughout all zones,\\nand the marked percentage of mortality nearly two-\\nsevenths of all deaths resulting from this disease it is ex-\\nceedingly important that correct opinions should prevail\\nwith regard to its treatment. The importance of laboring\\nto check this disease and limit its mortality, is an urgent\\nBennett, Puhnonary Consumption, pp. 116 117.\\ntHoaner s Oeul. Pathology, New York, 1877, p. 72.\\nJTraite de Cliinatologia, vol. 2, p. 110.\\nAt p. 27+, Dr. Jones rejiarks, when discussing the infrequency\\nof consumption in cold climates That it has lately been shown\\nthat the farther we progress north, the greater immunity the inhabi-\\ntants enjoy from consumption. The writer uses the word lately,\\nand all his evidence can be found in Copeland s Medical Dictionary,\\npublished in 18. )8. In fact, in many cases the language is copied. If\\nthe gentleaien had made quotations from Lombard and Bennett whose\\nworks have been lately published, his position would have been\\nuntenable.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "19\\nnecessity, more especially, when there is a growing demand\\nfor more attention to the preservation of health, and when\\nthe conviction is gaining ground that this is an important\\nfunction of medical science.\\nThe modern professional view that a temperate, dry and\\nsunny clime is best adapted to the treatment of a large pro-\\nportion of pulmonary diseases, is one of the most valuable\\ncontributions that modern science has made in the treat-\\nment of such diseases. It may be stated as a general rule,\\nthat pulmonary diseases are more frequent in cold and\\nchange ible climates than in those that are moderately warm\\nand dry. The climatological distribution of pulmonary dis-\\neases in the United States, is illustrated by the following\\ntable from Blodgett s Climatology\\nMaine\\nNew BCampshire\\nVermont\\nMassachusetts....\\nConnecticut\\nRliode Island\\nNew York\\nNew Jersey\\nPennsylvania\\nDelaware\\nMaryland\\nVirginia\\nNorth Carolina..\\nSoutii Carolina..\\nGeorgia\\nFlorida\\nDeaths by\\nphthisis.\\n1,702\\n24\\n751\\n3,426\\n968\\n470\\n7,890\\n915\\n3,520\\n118\\n1,101\\n1,616\\n.562\\n269\\n279\\n43\\nPer cent, of ^y\\nentire nior-\\ntaiity.\\n22.4\\n21.84\\n24.09\\n17.65\\n16.75\\n20.92\\n17.04\\n14.15\\n12.33\\n9.76\\n11.44\\n8.4S\\n6.83\\n3.34\\n2.80\\n4.61\\nspiratory or-\\n2,074\\n1,092\\n^84\\n4,418\\n1,2.S0\\n572\\n10,846\\n1,176\\n4,621\\nJ 85\\n1,679\\n3,540\\n1,688\\nl,3t3\\n1,334\\n108\\nPercent, of\\nentire mor-\\ntality.\\n27.35\\n25.82\\n28.24:\\n22.77\\n22.31\\n25.52\\n23.42\\n18.19\\n16.80\\n15.30\\n17.34\\n18.56\\n16.60\\n16.69\\n13.44\\n11.60\\nThe above figures do not properly represent the mortality\\nfrom phthisis originating in this State, for they do not indi-\\ncate the number of deaths occurring among invalids who\\ncame to the State in the last and incurable stages of phthisis.\\nFrom the United States census tables and other statistics,\\nthe fact is developed that phthisis in the United States pro-\\ngressively decreases from Maine to Florida. Dr. Lawson,\\nSurgeon-Genei al United States Army, sets down the mor-\\ntality from tubercular consumption as three times greater\\nin the Northern than in the Southern States. To illus-\\nAitkin s Practice of Medicine, Vol. 2, p. 788.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20\\ntrate the frequency of phthisis in the United States Army,\\nat a few stations, from 1810, to 1859, inclusive, we will\\nquote the following figures\\nCoast of New England 4.6\\nHarbor of New York 5.6\\nGreat Lakes 4.6\\nMiddle Interior, West 3.7\\nSouth Atlantic 7.9\\nSouth Interior, East 6.9\\nCalifornia, Southern 4.9\\nCalifornia, Northern 5.4\\nAtlantic Coast of Florida 2.7\\nTo illustrate the frequency of pulmonary diseases in the\\nUnited States Army, at a few stations, we shall quote from\\nDr. Brinton s work, p. 128. The relative frequency of\\nphthisis, bronchitis, pneumonia and pleurisy (omitting frac-\\ntions) was as follows. One man came under the surgeon s\\ncare, for one or other of these diseases\\nIn Arkansas, one in 16\\nIn Texas, southern frontier, one in 16\\nIn Baton Rouge, La one in 17\\nIn St. Paul, Minn., one in 19\\nId Florida, eastern coast, one in 37\\nTo illustrate one important factor of climate tempera-\\nture I shall quote from the official records of the Signal\\nService of the United States Army for the months of Novem-\\nber, December, January, February and March, regarding\\nthe temperature at certain points, recommended as health\\nresorts. We shall confine ourselves to a great extent to\\nofficial records, as far as the United States are concerned,\\nfor in some instances private observers are not educationally\\nqualified in some cases it is questionable if their instru-\\nments are reliable, and it is possible that, at some points,\\ninstruments may be placed in positions where favorable\\nconditions can be secured", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "21\\nCannes, Mediterra-\\nnean\\nNice, Mediterranean\\nMentone, Mediter-\\nranean\\nNervi, Mediterra n..\\nNassau, N. P\\nAtlantic City, N. J.\\nAugusta, Northern\\nGa\\nBreckenridge, Minn\\nDulutti, Minn\\nSt. Paul, Minn\\nKey West, Fla\\nPunta Rassa, Fla...\\nJacksonville, Fla...\\nAikin, S. C\\nLos Angeles, Cal\\nto\\ni\\na\\n125\\n1\\na\\n3\\ng\\ns\\ni\\n1\\nsa\\n3\\n54.6\u00c2\u00b0\\n48.8\u00c2\u00b0\\n48.5\u00c2\u00b0\\n49.4\u00c2\u00b0\\n52.8\u00c2\u00b0\\n50.8\u00c2\u00b0\\n3\\n53.8\\n48.5\\n47.0\\n48.4\\n51.8\\n49.9\\n3\\n55.2\\n50.5\\n48.8\\n50.4\\n53.4\\n51.6\\n3\\n55.2\\n47.8\\n46.2\\n47.8\\n49.0\\n49.2\\n1\\n75.7\\n72.3\\n72.2\\n71.9\\n74.4\\n73.3\\n4\\n45.3\\n35.3\\n32.2\\n33.2\\n37.1\\n36.6\\n4\\n54.9\\n47.6\\n48.1\\n49.6\\n57.\\n51.4\\n5\\n17.3\\n13.4\\n6.8\\n13.1\\n18.9\\n13.9\\n4\\n28.8\\n21.6\\n12.4\\n19.2\\n25.7\\n21.5\\n5\\n28.3\\n20.0\\n13.0\\n19.4\\n27.6\\n21.7\\n5\\n74.5\\n70.5\\n70.5\\n71.7\\n73.8\\n72.2\\n5\\n69.7\\n64.8\\n65.5\\n65.9\\n69.8\\n67.1\\n4\\n62.1\\n55.8\\n56.2\\n56.9\\n62.7\\n58.7\\n5\\n54.7\\n46.7\\n46.4\\n47.5\\n56.4\\n50.3\\n1\\n62.1\\n55.3\\n54.1\\n54.6\\n55.8\\n56.3\\nAn examination of the Signal Service Reports shows that\\nin St. Paul, for the five cold months for five years, that the\\nminimum temperature was 10 deg. and below on an average\\nof fifty-seven days in each year. In a climate with such a\\nlow range of temperature for weeks together, patients suf-\\nfering from, pulmonary diseases cannot take exercise in\\nthe open air, but must of necessity remain in artificially-\\nheated rooms. Farther comment on such climatic treatment\\nof pulmonary invalids is unnecessary. Why send a patient\\nfrom a place like Boston, Massachusetts, with a cold and dry\\nwinter climate, to Minnesota, with its almost arctic cold,\\nsudden and great vacillations of temperature and a higher\\nmean relative humidity? Instead of sending patients to\\nhyperborean regions, it appears to us more rational to con-\\nsign them to localities possessing a moderate temperature,\\nwhere there is sunshine, and where fresh air, uncon-\\ntaminated by human exhalations or other noxious effluvia,\\nmay be breathed, and where the quiet of Nature, the bloom-\\ning of flowers, the singing of birds, the babbling of brooks,\\nwill often produce marvelous improvement of health.\\nt The Riviera, by E. T. Sparks, M. D.\\nj Compiled from Records of Mil. Hosp., by G. A. Osborn, Esq.,\\nfor Author.\\nSignal Service Reports.\\nII W. H. Geddings, M. D., Aiken, S. C.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "It is a remarkable fact that professional men refer a large\\nproportion of cases of pulmonary diseases they are called to\\ntreat during the cold months, to cold and vacillations\\nof temperature. Yet in the face of these daily expressed\\nopinions, some few consign their patients suffering from\\nthese diseases to moist, cold and changeable climates for\\ntheir relief or cure. Dr. James H. Bennett, p. 70, says\\nThe seasons of least mortality in the year, are those in\\nwhich the temperature is neither extreme in one sense nor\\nin the other, conversely, the seasons of greatest mortality\\nare those in which extremes of cold in the winter and heat\\nin the summer are reached. In temperate climates the\\ndeadliest seasons are those of greatest cold. Dr. G. Wil-\\nson (Health, and Healthy Homes, Philadelphia, 1880,) re-\\nmarks, Foremost among the uncontrollable causes of\\ndisease, are atmospheric changes dependent upon seasonal\\nvariations. For example, a sudden fall of temperature is\\nsure to be followed by a long train of ailments, such as\\ncatarrh, influenza, bronchitis, and other forms of lung\\ndiseases.\\nUntil a recent period a warm, moist and sedative climate\\nwas advocated for the treatment of phthisis, but since med-\\nical doctrines have changed, and the leading minds in the\\nprofession advocate the importance of a dry, temperate and\\nbracing climate since Vitalistic and sthenic views of treat-\\nment prevail, and are found to give infinitely more satisfac-\\ntory results than those that followed antiphlogistic treat-\\nment, the medical mind in America and in Europe, looks\\nabout for a cold climate. As usual, the pendulum has a\\ntendency to the other extreme to go from a tropical cli-\\nmate to the ice-covered summits of the Swiss mountains, to\\nthe frozen plains of Northern America. Many minds can\\nnever constitutionally follow the golden adage. Medio lutissi-\\nmus ibis. They cannot remain in the middle of the road,\\nthey must pass from one extreme to the other. Bennett.\\nDr. Jones, of St. Paul, Minnesota, in his Plea for Cold\\nClimates in. the Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption,\\nuses the following language When we begin to enquire\\ninto the character and comparative merits of cHmate, we\\nare at once struck with the fallacy of the doctrine which has\\nobtained for generations, that the disease is more frequent\\nin cold than in warm climates. Ju.st the reverse of this is\\ntrue. From an extensive series of data, it has lately been\\nshown that the farther we progress North, the greater the\\nimmunity the inhabitants enjoy from consumption. It is\\nwell known that far up in the North where the Ice King is,", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "23\\nconsumption is either extremely rare or altopfether unknown.\\nIn the bleakest, coldest and the most exposed portions of\\nthe globe, where winter well-nigh continuously exists, and\\nwhere sudden and severe changes of the atmosphere hold\\nto a maximum, consumption is very infrtquent. Indeed,\\nso true is this, that we are forced to the conclusion that\\nextreme cold is inimical to the production of consumption.\\nTo prove that this statement does not apply to the United\\nStates, we will quote from Aitkin s Practice of Medicine,\\nvol. 2, p. 788 From the United States census tables and\\nother statistics, the fact is developed that phthisis in the\\nUnited States gradually decreases from North to South. It\\noriginates far less commonly in the southern than in the\\nnorthern regions it gradually but perceptibly diminishes\\nfrom Maine to Florida. Dr. Lawson [Surgeon-General\\nUnited States Army] sets down the mortality from tuber-\\ncular consumption as three times greater in the Northex n\\nthan in the Southern States.\\nAt page 284, Dr. Jones lays down the following proposi-\\ntion The most unfavorable climate possible for the con-\\nsumptive patient is one of uniform high temperature. If\\nthese yiews regarding a high temperature and the Ice\\nKing are correct, Dr Jones should recommend patients to\\navoid Minnesota during the warm months, and seek a region\\nwhere the Ice King isJ\\nUnder existing circumstances it is difficult, if not impossi-\\nble, to ari ive at any positive opinion regarding the preva-\\nlence of phthisis in any zone or altitude even at the best,\\nan approximation to the truth is all we can expect. In\\nforming an opinion of the adaptability of any climate for\\nthe treatment of phthisis we should consider climatic fac-\\ntors, weigh well the mortality from phthisis, ascertain the\\nefifects of climate upon invalids who have resided there for\\nyears, and obtain the views of experienced and intelligent\\nphysicians resident in such climate.\\nIn advocating the advantages of this or that climate or\\naltitude, writers overlook the influence of food, the immu-\\nnity from phthisis in some races the prevalence of phthisis\\nin the Caucasian race, and the crosses of this race with the\\nnegro and other dark races. The lensrth of time the locality\\nhas been settled, the crowding of persons in towns and\\ncities, habits and occupations of residents, and numerous\\nother important points in the etiology of phthisis. Dr. Rush\\nremarks (Med. Enquiries, vol. 1, p. 37), that pulmonary\\nconsumption is unknown among the Indians in North\\nAmerica. As the Indians inhabited each State in th\u00c2\u00a9", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24\\nUnion, we might use it as an argument to prove that high\\nor low altitudes are favorable for the climatic cure of phthisis.\\nSuch a line of argument would appear ridiculous yet\\nwriters of to-day use such arguments to establish their theo-\\nries. In support of this thecry that phthisis is more preva-\\nlent in warm than cold climates, Dr. Jones makes the\\nfollowing statement In Nova Scotia and New Bruns-\\nwick, where the temperature is very low, the disease is less\\nfrequent than in Jamaica, and cites the British army\\nreports as authority. To illustrate how much dependence\\nthere is to be placed in this statement, we shall quote from\\nthe tables of Dr. G. T. Balfour, compiled from the Reports\\nof the British War Office, with regard to the admissions and\\ndeaths from tubercular disease among British troops per\\none thousand mean strength at a few points\\nNova Scotia,\\nEtc.\\nJamaica.\\nGreat Brit-\\nain.\\nMadras.\\nBombay.\\na\\n.2\\na\\n-a\\n.9\\n00\\nOQ\\nB\\nCD\\na\\n.2\\nGQ\\na\\nCO\\na\\nGD\\na\\n.2\\nSo\\nGO\\n14.\\n2 29\\n5.\\n1.96\\n19.\\n3.48\\n16.\\n1.88\\n9\\n1.53\\nOne argument advanced by a few physicians in favor of\\ncold climates as a winter resort for invalids, is the fact that\\nthe respiratory process is more perfectly performed in cold\\nthan in a warm climate. This doctrine may apply to per-\\nsons who are able to resist the influences of cold but the\\nquestion arises, how many invalids who are suffering from\\npulmonary disease can safely use this climatic remedy?\\nA large majority are injuriously affected by a low tempera-\\nture and great and sudden thermal changes, and remain\\nindoors in heated rooms, and take no exercise in the open\\nair, unless the thermometer rises to 40, or above, and the\\nvery object for which they visit a cold and invigorating\\nclimate is defeated. Exercise increases respiration, appe-\\ntite, innervation and assimilation, and it can only be safely\\nand regularly taken where there is a dry atmosphere and a\\nfavorable thermometric i-ange. If the temperature is not\\ntoo high or too low, patients can enjoy sunlight and fresh\\nair, and take exercise out of doors without incurring the\\nrisk of inducing pneumonia, pleurisy or bronchitis. Oppor-\\ntunity to take daily exercise in the open air is a matter of\\nvital importance to the invalid, and a climate should be", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "25\\nselected where this can be accomplished. To illustrate the\\ninfluence of exercise in increasing the respiratory process,\\nwe shall quote from the excellent work on phthisis by Dr.\\nSmith, ot the Brompton Consumption Hospital, London.\\nDr. Smith s data are based on a large number of experi-\\nments upon the various kinds of exertion over the quantity\\nof air expired, and from these we learn that taking the\\nquantity of air inspired when lying and at rest as unity, the\\neffect of ordinary exertion is as follows\\nTable showing the influence of exertion over the quan-\\ntity of air inpired\\n1. Lying 1.0\\n2. Sitting 1,18\\n3. Standing 1.33\\n4. Singing and reading aloud 1.26\\n5. Walking at one mile per hour 1.9\\n6. Walking at two miles per hour 2.76\\n7. Walking at three miles per hour 3.22\\n8. Walking al four miles per hour 5.0\\n9. Horse exercise, walking 2.2\\n10. Cantering 3.16\\n11. Trotting 4.06\\nThe effect of the respiratory power is modified by the\\ndegree of the purity of the air. It has been abundantly\\nproved by de Saussure, Falkland and Welsh, that the com-\\nposition of the air at the highest attainable altitudes is\\nidentically the same with that found at the level of the low\\nlands, but at lower levels there may be great diversity in the\\nconstitution of the air as the result of defective sanitation,\\nor in badly ventilated apartments. In this connection we\\ncannot refrain from referring to the published statements\\nregarding the purity of the air of elevated sections. Such\\nstatements are merely calculated to mislead those who are\\nignorant of the facts in the case, for pure air can be obtained\\nin temperate climates without ascending mountains. It has\\nbeen asserted that at high elevations the respirations are\\nquickened, and, as a consicquence, the patient is benefited.\\nIt appears proved by the researches of M. Coindet, a French\\nphysician, in his Medical Letters on Mexico, that although\\nthe respirations are increased in number, less air is inhaled\\nthan in lower localities. M. Jourdanet, who practiced many\\nyears in Mexico, at an elevation of seven thousand feet,\\nclaims that it is detrimental to human health and life,\\nbringing on amaemia, which he calls Barometrical anoxy-\\naemia, the result of deficient oxygenation of the blood. M.\\nLombard, asserts that plethora and the inflammatory dia-\\nthesis characterizes the pathology of medium alpine climates,", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26\\nbut recognizes anaemia in the higher regions from this\\ncause.\\nElevated localities have been recommended for phthisical\\nfcases, and the recommenders forget that the air is rarefied,\\nand that the amount of oxygen inhaled is much less than at a\\nloiver level. One of the strongest advocates of elevated dis-\\ntricts, Dr. Denison, of Denver, Colorado, says: Then,\\naside from the susceptibility of the nervous system, the\\ncharacter and acuteness of the diseased conditions of the\\nlungs, defective vital force, etc., the acclimatization is rapid\\nand easy, or prolonged and uncertain, nearly in propoi-tion\\nto the amount of lung tissue involved advanced age being\\nusually considered an unfavorably modifier. This general\\nstatement makes the accimatization of individuals an accom-\\njilished fact after a reisidence of from two weeks to two. or\\neven four months, at the end of ivhich period a somewhat accu-\\nrate estimate can be made of the efifect. to be expected from a\\nprolonged residence in this elevated region. From Dr.\\nDenison s statements, it is evident that persons advanced in\\nyears, or whose lungs are seriously diseased, should not\\nvisit Colorado. If it requires from two weeks to four\\nmonths before a patient can become acclimated at our\\nWestern mountain resorts, it appears like a dangerous pro-\\nceeding to make the experiment. Two weeks, or four\\nmonths, are all-important periods of time in the existence\\nof persons suffering from pulmonary diseases. Such cases\\nare not suitable ones for experiments in acclimatization\\nand patients should select a climate where such experiments\\nare unnecessary.\\nIn cold climates range of temperature, cold winds, snow,\\nand bad walking interfere with the taking of suitable exer-\\ncise, and innervation, nutrition and assimulation are inter-\\nfered with to the injury of the invalid. A high range of\\nthe thermometer is objectionable in the treatment of pul-\\nmonary diseases, for in hot climates the number of respira-\\ntion are diminished. The effect of the lessened number\\nof respirations is to reduce the total respiratory action\\nconsiderably. Rathryhas shown that the average amount ia\\nin the temperate zone (temp. 54 deg. Fahr.) 239.91 cubic\\ninches per minute, while in the tropics (82 deg. Fahr.) only\\n195.69 cubic inches were inspired, so that there is a differ-\\nence of 38.65 cubic feet in 24 hours, or 18.43 per cent, in\\nfavor of a temperate climate. If 10 ounces of carbon are\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Rockv Mountain Health Resorts, 0. Denison, A. M., M. D., Bos-\\nton, 18b0i p. 147.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "a?\\nexpired in the temperate zone, only 8.157 ounces would be\\nexpired in the tropics. A high thermal range, more\\nespecially if associated with a moist atmosphere, interferes\\nwith physical exertion, and in this respect is injurious.\\nHence a climate like that of Nassau or Cuba is objectionable\\nas a resort for pulmonary invalids, as the high range of\\ntemperature interferes with the respiratory function and the\\ntaking of exercise. From personal observation and a care-\\nful study of the subject in all its bearings, we feel assured\\nthat the most suitable winter resort for the invalid, as a\\ngeneral rule, is one possessing a moderate temperature,\\nplenty of sunshine, a dry atmosphere, with opportunities to\\ntake daily exercise and inhale the pure air of Heaven.\\nWhen referring to the action of hot and cold climates on\\nconsumptive patients. Dr. Fuller, Physician to St. George s\\nHospital, London, remarks Their organization is deli-\\ncate, their constitutions weak, their extremities are often\\ncold, they are pinched and prostrated by a low temperature,\\nand they are susceptible of damp. To such persons a warm\\natmosphere is invigorating in the highest degree, and with-\\nout its aid, medicine and the most carefully regulated diet\\nare of little avail. When referring to the evils of the\\nwinter season. Dr. Smith remarks The evils of the\\nseason will, however, be the tendency to internal congestions\\nand inflammation, the increase of cough from the irritation\\nof the pharynx and air passages, induced by the inhalation\\nof cold air, the tendency to haemoptysis from increased\\ncough, irritability of the mucous membrane and congestion\\nof the lungs, and deficiency of temperature from the cold.\\nIf the patient be restricted to an artificially heated atmos-\\nphere, he will have the evils of dryness, stillness and\\nimpurity of the air, and will be apt to have night sweats\\nfrom excess of clothing. f\\nI fully concede with Dr. Wilson (Health and Health Ke-\\nsorts, p. 26), that as a summer resort for phthisical patients,\\nand overworked nervous system, and prostrated physical\\nframes, our Northwestern States of Minnesota, Wisconsin,\\nColorado, Nevada and Idaho, with their clear, bracing and\\ntonic atmosphere, will bear a favorable comparison with\\neither the Alps, Appenines or Pyrenees yet it is my hum-\\nble opinion that no section east of the Rocky Mountains\\npresents so many thermometric attractions and climatic\\nadvantages for the invalid in the winter as Florida. If the\\nFuller on the Lungs, 1867, p. 434.\\nt Smith on Cousuiuptipn, 1865, p. 200.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28\\npatient requires a dry, bracing and temperate climate, it\\ncan be found in this State if s,ea air with its concomitant\\nharshness is indicated it can be secured if an interior\\nclimate is desirable it can be found if a given case\\ndemands a warm and comparatively moist climate it is acces-\\nsible. Owing to the facilities and comforts for traveling,\\nand the equable temperature, a change can be rapidly and\\nsafely made from place to place. When referring to the\\nadaptability of the climate of Florida to the treatment of\\npulmonary diseases. Prof. Lee, of Geneva Medical College,\\nremarJcb We have already spoken of the mildness of the\\nclimate of this region of the United States. It appears to\\npossess an insular climate not less equable and salubrious\\nin winter, than that afiforded by the South of Europe, and\\nis, therefore, well adapted to the forms of pulmonary dis-\\nease, as bronchitis and incipient phthisis as are benefited by\\na mild climate. Mildness and uniformity are the two dis-\\ntinguishing characteristics of the climate of the Florida\\npeninsula. It is easily demonstrated, that invalids requiring\\na mild winter residence, have gone to foreign lands in search\\nof what might have been found at home, an evergreen land,\\nin which wild flowers never cease to unfold their petals.\\nThe therapeutic importance of sunshine as an element in\\nthe treatment of disease, is unfortunately too little appre-\\nciated by invalids. Lombard tells us that light stimulantes\\nand darkness impedes respiration, and through respiration,\\nof course, animal heat and muscular activity. Moleschott\\nproved this fact by experiments upon himself, and the scien-\\ntists, Bidder and Schmidt, noticing that animals at rest\\nproduced more carbonic acid in daytime than at night,\\nequalized ibe amount by depriving them of the influence of\\nlight. An Emperor once went to Diogenes as he was\\nreclining in his tub, and inquired what he could do for him.\\nDiogenes replied Stand out of my sunshine. And when\\na physician advises a patient to spend a winter in a cold and\\nchangeable climate, the latter should exclaim, with Diogenes,\\nSttind out of my sunshine. Sunlight, in the language of\\nDr. Chambers, of St. Mary s Hospital, is of importance to\\nthe inviilid. And the invalid should remember the Italian\\nproverb Where the sun does not enter, the doctor must.\\nDr. Maddon, who has made a special study of pulmonary\\ndiseases and climatic influences in their treatment, states\\nThat preference should always be given to those winter\\nresorts which present the greatest inducements and oppor-\\nCopelaad s Dictionary of Medicine, vol. 1, p. 416.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "29\\ntunities for open-air exercise, and no small part of the benefit\\ndesirable from removal to a Southern health resort results\\nfrom the opportunities afforded in the latter of deing much\\nin the open air, instead of being cooped up within doors, as\\nthe patient would be during the greater part of the winter\\nhad he remained at home.\\nDr. Osgood, of Boston, no mean authority, remarks\\nDuring the winter season we need every health-giving\\ninfluence. Deprived of sunshine, we are less able to meet\\nthe stringent stresses of cold weather. Anything which\\nlessens animal vigor, lessens also our ability to cope with\\nthe great changes in temperature, and the imperfect hygienic\\nconditions to which winter exposes us. What sunshine is\\nable to do for all life, may be seen in the joy of the birds,\\nand increased activity of animals, and the greater Vivacity\\nand cheer which we feel when the sunshine returns to us,\\nafter days of absence behind the clouds. How we miss it\\nwhen it is gone. How its absence (it prolonged) depresses\\nus Should we not learn the lesson and insist upon every\\nray of sunshine? Life in sunless rooms not only injures\\nthe bodily health, but most seriously depresses the mind.\\nAbove all, sunshine should be given to the sick. The progress\\nof the illness, and the effects of remedies will then be a\\nthousand fold more favorable. f And I will ask you, if\\ninvalids can secure the health-giving influences of sunshine\\nand out-door exercise in a climate where the thermometer\\nofttimes approaches zero, and snow storms, fogs and cutting\\nwinds confine him to an artificially heated room Persons\\nsuffering from disease require sunshine, a moderate tem-\\nperature, plenty of fresh and pure air, and an opportunity\\nto take out-door exercise and where east of the Rocky\\nMountains, during the cold months, but in the balmy\\nSouth, can these conditions be secured? Dr. Denison, p.\\n59, remarks The conclusion of our thermometrical\\nobservations is well expressed by Dr. Schreiber, that pul-\\nmonary consumption is neither favored by a low tempera-\\nture, nor prevented, nor cured by a high one. Although\\nan advocate for elevated climates, Dr. D. unconsciously sup-\\nports our position that a temperate climate, is the climate\\npar excellence for the invalid.\\nDr. Osgood remarks The objection to our climate\\n(Northern States) is that its sudden changes from heat to\\ncold, from dryness to chilly dampness, are deadly in their\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Health Reports, p. 7.\\nt Winter and its Dangers, Dr. Osgood, p. 121.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30\\neffects upon the exquisitely sensitive blood vessels of the\\nmucous membrane of the lungs. If sudden and great\\natmospheric changes are productive of disease in healthy\\npersons (and this is universally admitted), it is to be pre-\\nsumed that such conditions will injuriously affect the invalid.\\nExtremes of cold and heat, are not conducive to longevity\\nor health, and in this, as in everything else, we may say with\\nthe poet Medio tutissivius ibis. The mean temperature\\nof a health resort is of much less importance than the\\nrapidity and frequency of transitions between the highest\\nand lowest temperature, and preference should always be\\ngiven (other things being equal) to that climate which pos-\\nsesses the most equable rather than the warmest climate.\\nAs thermometric range is a matter of great importance in\\nthe causation and treatment of disease, more especially pul-\\nmonary affections, we will give the ranges for the cold\\nmonths at a few points, recommended as winter resorts\\nAtlantic City, N. J...\\nAugusta, Ga\\nMinnesota, 3 stations.\\nFlorida, 3 stations\\nColorado, :i stations.\\nLos Angeles, Cal\\nM\\n(H\\nm\\n\\\\x\\nm\\nP5\\nK\\n1\\nCO\\nS\\ns\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00c2\u00ab1\\nt=\\nW\\nK\\nH\\nw\\nP\\no\\nK\\nP5\\nH\\nO\\ni\\nH\\ni\\nM\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-S\\nS\\n4\\n45\\n48\\n48\\n48\\n46\\n4\\n49\\n49\\n51\\n48\\n50\\n4\\n70\\n63\\n57\\n58\\n58\\n4\\n35\\n37\\n35\\n33\\n35\\n4 2\\n68\\n70\\n72\\n58\\n63\\n1\\n41\\n44\\n35\\n30\\n35\\n47\\n49\\n61\\n35\\n67\\n37\\nTo illustrate thermal ranges for one year, we shall quote\\nfrom the work of Dr. Denison, and add ranges for Florida\\nobtained from Signal Service Reports for corresponding\\nperiod\\nMean\\nMonthly\\nRange.\\nRange of\\nMonthly\\nMeans.\\nAtlantic City, N. J\\n41\\n44\\n53\\n61.5\\n60.5\\n63.5\\n29.7\\n44.1\\n40.7\\n57.4\\n48.9\\n53.7\\n47.7\\n19.2\\n49.7\\n57.3\\n54.2\\n43.6\\n49.2\\n46.8\\n73.4\\n89.5\\nNorfolk. Va\\n89.5\\nSt. Louis, Missouri\\n117\\nClieyenne, Wyo\\n136\\nDenver, Colorado\\n131\\nColorado Springs\\n123\\nFlorida Peninsula\\n50\\nMadden, Health Resorts, p. 3.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "The winter range at Atlantic City is comparatively Tow\\nfor a cold climate, but this advantage is counterbalanced by\\nthe low temperature and the high mean relative humidity.\\nAikin, S. C, has been lauded as a winter resort for con-\\nsumptives, and as we have been unable to secure official\\ndata regarding its thermal range, we have given the figures\\nof Augusta, Georgia. As the points are not far distant, we\\nhave reason to believe that the data which will apply to one\\nWill apply to the other. When referring to the climate of\\nAikin, Dr. Walton, of Cincinnati, says We find there a\\nmonthly range which ensures the occurrence of frost fre-\\n(^uently, and causes the invalid an infinite amount of care in\\nadapting himself to these changes. We spent the winter\\nof 1844 and 45, and 1845 and 46, in Georgia, and our\\n^perience led us to believe that the climate is too change-\\nable for the successful treatment of pulmonary diseases.\\nWit i regard to Aiken, S. C, we must express it as our\\n(!jpinion, that it is adapted to the climatic requirements of\\ninvalids in October, November, May, and a portion of June\\nbut we beliv3 a more suitable climate for invalids can be\\nfound for the intervening months. Much attention haH\\nBeen directed of late to the movintain sanitarium of Dr.\\nGleitsraan, of Ashville, N. C, and we are of the opinion that\\nas a spring, summer and autumn resort for invalids, it is\\ntvorthy of notice and patronage. The Doctor himself is a\\nhighly educated physician, and eminently qualified to con-\\nduct such an institution.\\nElevation of sanitary t-esorts has attracted much attention\\nof late years, and a few writers have insisted upon the im-\\nportance of elevated localities as a preventive and a cure fr r\\nphthisis. Some advise an elevation of 1,200 I eet others\\nrecommend 2,500 to 3,000, and others insist upon 6,000 to\\n8,000 feet. And the question arises, who is right? In sup-\\nport of their views, they refer to the immunity Irom phthisis\\nin the mountainous regions of Switzerland and at an eleva-\\ntion of about 9,000 feet in the warmer portions of South\\nAmerica. But the advocates of high altitudes, have evidently\\noverlooked the interesting and instructive work by Dr. Emil\\nMuller, of Winterthur.f This work, from which we shall\\nquote a few figures, is principally statistical, and gives\\nan elaborate account of the mortality from phthisis in that\\ncountry.\\nComparigon of European and American Climatic Resorts, G. Wal-\\nfon, M. D., Philadelphia, 1877.\\nt Der Verbreitung der Lungenschwindsutch, in der Schweiz, 1876.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32\\nAverage mortality from phthisis in the mountain regions\\nof Switzerland\\nBLEYATION. FKET. OOOUPATION.\\nI ^^O Ugricultural 6.o)\\nwr^-v, 1 \u00c2\u00abnn (Industrial (10-2)\\n(Agricultural 5.3J\\nv T^.r^ 9 inn (Industrial 4.7\\nrom 2,300 Q f.\\n.16.1\\n.22.3\\nrp Mixed 9.6 17.2\\nTo 3,000 (Agricultural 2.9j\\nT3i- o AAA (Industrial 6.5)\\n^2r JS^ ixed 6. it\\nTo 3,400 ^Agricultural 3.5)\\nFrom 3,400 jjjd\\nFrom *OOUixed 7 7\\nAbove 6,000^ Agricultural 4.11\\nThese data are instructive, and negative the statement\\nmade of late years, that there is any special immunity from\\nphthisis in the mountain regions of Switzerland. They\\nshow that a certain proportion of the population in the\\nhigher regions die as elsewhere from phthisis the rate to\\na certain extent depending upon occupations in life. One\\nof the highest factors among the industrial is 9.8 at an eleva-\\ntion of from 3,400 to 4,400. At 4,400 to 5,000 feet in mixed\\nlabor, the death rate from phthisis is 7.7 and among the\\nagriculturists we find the mortality above 5,000 feet to be\\ngreater than at some lower altitudes.\\nThese figures develop much of interest to the climatplo-\\ngist. At high elevations in cold climates during the winter\\nmonths, persons are confined in imperfectly ventilated\\nrooms, heated by stoves. Under such circumstances, respi-\\nration is imperfectly performed, and the products of retro-\\ngrade changes are not perfectly eliminated the health is\\nimpaired and phthisis is engendered. By living in winter\\non a Swiss mountain, or an elevated locality in the Northern\\nor Northwestern States, the invalid is merely subjected to\\nthe climatic conditions of Archangel with a mortality from\\nphthisis of 190 in 1,000, or of Wologda with a mortality of\\n204 per 1,000.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "33\\nPhthisis appears to be, rare in the elevated regions of\\ntropical South America, and this is advanced as an argu-\\nment for sending patients to an elevated locality in Europe\\nand the United States. But unfortunately for the theory,\\nthe climatic conditions are entirely different. In Switzer-\\nland and the United States, the snow line is about eight\\nthousand feet, and in tropical South America it is from\\nthirteen thousand to seventeen thousand. Hence an eleva-\\ntion of eight thousand feet in Europe and the United States,\\nis a totally different factor to that of a similar elevation in\\nSouth America. In the latter country, at an elevation of\\neven nine thousand feet, the climate is warm in summer, and\\ntemperate and bracing in winter more closely resembhng\\nthe climate of Florida than that of the elevated regions of\\nSwitzerland and the United States.\\nWhen advocating high latitudes, and referring to the\\nabsence of phthisis in this locality or that one, writers make\\nno reference to race or the habits and occupations of the\\npopulation. When they refer to the inhabitants of high\\naltitudes in South America, they neglect to state that their\\nhouses and workshops are large and open, and that they are\\nnot subjected to sudden and great atmospheric changes, and\\nare not confined in badly ventilated apartments, and daily\\nand hourly poisoned by a contaminated atmosphere, the\\nresult of stoves and respiration.\\nKace as well as habits has much to do with the causation\\nof phthisis. One argument advanced against warm and\\ntemperate climates is the great mortality among the colored\\ntroops in the British colonies. According to Dr. Living-\\nstone, phthisis is almost unknown in Africa among the\\naboriginal tribes. Yet in tropical climates the mortality\\nfrom phthisis among the colored troops is very great but\\nalcohol, exposure, syphilis and other factors can be made to\\naccount for the great mortality from this disease, in a race\\nthat enjoys an almost perfect immunity from it in an abo-\\nriginal condition under a vertical sun. In forming an\\nopinion regarding climates, many factors must be consid-\\nered, and altitude is of less importance than temperature,\\nprevailing winds, dry soil, and a low mean relative hu-\\nmidity.\\nWith regard to the temperature of the air, it is abso-\\nlutely certain, says Prof. Buhl, that it is not the mean\\ntemperature of a place which regulates the frequency of\\ncatarrh or phthisis, but only the lar-ger, sudden and oft-\\nrecurring vacillations of temperature, which the compensa-\\ntory power of our body is unable to resist. Therefore the", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "84\\ntemperature of the air, and its rapid vacillations must be\\nreg^arded as exciting caused of inflammatory phthisis At-\\nmospheric changes in the North and West are sudden and\\ngreat but in Florida they are infrequent and not extreme.\\nAt times, what ai-e called cold snaps occur, but their\\nvisits are infrequent, and they seldom last over one, two or\\nthree days and at any time the invalid can take exercise\\nout of dooi s in the middle of the day. Owing to the low\\nlevel of the land, the absence of snow and ice, and the\\nwarmth of the soil for a long distance to the north and\\nwest ot this State, and the influence of the winds from the\\nGulf, the northerly and westerly winds are modified and\\nrobbed of their harshness and refrigerating eff ects before\\nthey reach Florida, and as a consequence they do not exert\\nthe same injurious influence that they do at points to the\\nnorth and west of this State.\\nIn reply to my circular letter, that accomplished observer\\nand meteorologist, Dr. Baldwin, who has been in practice\\nin this city for over forty years, remarks Stormy\\nweather here is comparatively rare, sustaining a proportion\\nof about one storm here to ten at the North and Northwest.\\nThe air here is remarkable for its purity, and the tempera-\\nture renders it possible for the patients to take out-door\\nexercise, so as to inspire the pure air.\\nThe subject of winds is a matter of importance in esti-\\nmating the adaptability of any climate as a health resort.\\nThe prevailing winds for the five cold months in Minnesota\\nare from the north, northwest, and west. A reference to\\nthe Signal Service Reports shows that 453 observations were\\ntaken during November, December, January, February and\\nMarch, at three stations in Minnesota, and north, northwest,\\nand west winds were found blowing from these points 190\\ntimes. During the same period, and as a result of a similar\\nnumber of observations at three stations in East Florida,\\nthe wind was found blowing from the east, southeast and\\nnortheast, 223 times. All are aware of the refrigerating\\neffects of northerly and westerly winds in the North and\\nWest, and that during their continuance a majority of in-\\nvalids must of necessity be confined to the house. The\\nApalachians interfere, to a great extent, with the course of\\nnortherly and westerly winds, and by the time they reach\\nthis favored land they are robbed of their injurious influ-\\nences. At times these winds affect the northern and west-\\nLetters on Tuberculosis, bv Dr. Buhl, Prof, of Path. Anat, at\\nMunich, Zolf Briefe, 1872, p. 146.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "35\\nern portions of the State, and several times during the\\nwinter slight frosts may occur. During some winters the\\nmercury does not reach 32 deg. Fahi as evidence of this,\\nI need but refer to the fact that the lowest temperature in\\nthis locality during the past winter was 34 deg.\\nEasterly winds have a bad reputation, and it is somewhat\\nremaikable, that the Kev. G. Kingsley never visited Florida,\\nand yet he wrote an cde to the east wind\\nWelcome wild northeaster\\nShame it is to see\\nOdes to every zephyr,\\nNe er a verse to thee.\\nIn one section of the world, at least, easterly winds are\\nnot objectionable, and this is in Florida. On the Peninsula\\neasterly winds are the prevailing ones in the cold months.\\nDuring November, December, January, February and March,\\nat three stations in E;ist Florida, easterly winds, east, north-\\neast and southest were found blowing at 224 observations.\\nOwing to the proximity of the Gulf stream, with its vast\\nvolume of heated water to the east of the coast, the easterly\\nwinds are robbed of their harsh and searching properties\\nwhich characterize them in most localities. As an evidence\\nof the influence of the Gulf stream thousands of miles from\\nFlorida, even after it has parted with much of its warmth,\\nwe need but refer to its effects in modifying the climate of\\ntLe south of England and Fi-ance. However objectionable\\neasterly winds may be in other sections, in this evergreen\\nState they are the opposite.\\nPrecipitation of moisture in the form of snow and rain,\\nis a subject worth consideration by the invalid. In the\\nNorth and Northwest the presence of snow renders the\\ntaking of exercise a laborious and unpleasant occupation\\nand when it melts and assumes the form of slush, walking\\nentails the risk of wet feet, colds, and inflammatory affec-\\ntions of the lungs. In Florida, the winter is the dry season,\\nafid rains are infrequent. Owing to the character of the\\nsoil in a majority of places, the rain is absorbed as rapidly\\nas it falls, and within a few minutes alter a shower an in-\\nvnlid can walk out without incurring the danger of wetting\\nthe soles of his shoes.\\nOne of the most important factors of climate in the treat-\\nment of diseases, and more especially affections of the\\nrespiratory organs, is a dry climate and under the bare\\nsupposition that this or that is a dry climate, invalids are\\nfrequently consigned to an unsuitable locality. By some", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36\\npeculiar process of reasoning, the masses have arrived at\\nthe couchision that all cold or elevated localities possess dry\\nclimates. Hence we see advertisements of sanitariums, in\\nwhich an elevation of 200, 500 or 1,000 feet is referred to as\\nan evidence of dryness of the air. But an unprejudiced\\nexamination of this subject will soon dispel the illusion. To\\nillustrate the subject of dryness of air as dependent upon\\naltitude, we will append a few figures from the Signal Ser-\\nvice Reports for the years 1877-1878\\nMEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY.\\nH\\npj\\n1\\nSTATIONS.\\ng\\nf^\\n5\u00c2\u00b0\\nS\\no\\na\\nm\\nM\\nSS\\np\\n1-5\\nP^\\ns\\nS lO\\nper ct.\\nper ct.\\nper ct\\nper ct.\\nper ct.\\nBoston, Mass\\n142\\n68.0\\n61.8\\nGO. 6\\n68.2\\n63.7\\n65.6\\nMount Washing-\\nton N H.\\n6,285\\nGOO\\n87.9\\n81.9\\n78.2\\n83.1\\n84.7\\n82.9\\n76.7\\n73.5\\n85 6\\n79.6\\n82.6\\nAlpiua, Mich\\n80.2\\nSavaunah. Ga\\n48\\n72.3\\n69.4\\n66 1\\n66.8\\n65.8\\n68.1\\nOmaha, Neb\\n1,000\\n73.7\\n77.8\\n78.6\\n73.0\\n66.8\\n73.5\\nJacksonville, Fla..\\n22\\n71.8\\n70.0\\n67.8\\n68 5\\n66.4\\n68.8\\nYankton, Dak\\n1,278\\n73.3\\n78.. 5\\n74.1\\n75.8\\n63.0\\n72.9\\nB r t! k e n r i d g e\\nMiun\\n96r.\\n76.9\\n83.2\\n76.8\\n81.8\\n79.5\\n79.6\\nIn Boston, Savannah, and Jacksonville, we have three\\nstations at very low elevations, and singular to say, the mean\\nrelative humidity of these places is very low. But the most\\namusing thing in connection with this subject is the fact\\nthat patients are sent from Boston, Mass., to Minnesota,\\nbecause the air of the latter State is dry and desiccating.\\nIt may be refrigerating in winter, but riot dry and desic-\\ncating. Its low winter temperature, and sudden and great\\nthermal changes, may be productive of inflammatory affec-\\ntions of the respiratory organs, but if we are to accept the\\nviews of those who have made diseases of the lungs a special\\nstudy, it is certainly unsuited to the climatic ti eatment\\nof a large majority of pulmonary diseases during the cold\\nmonths.\\nIn discussing the influence of a high mean relative hu-\\nmidity as a cause of pulmonary disease, Sparks, p. 106,\\nasserts That dampness of the atmosphere of a place a\\nhigh relative humidity, is a potent predisposing cause of", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "37\\nphthisis. On this point, Prof. Buhl, Zwolfter Briefe, p.\\n147, remarks The mnjority of districts in which phthisis\\nis rife, are distinguished by a high degree of atmospheric\\nhumidity, while on the other hand, the places where it is\\nrare are remarkably dry. As a fact, a large and constant\\namoiant of dampness in the air gives rise to the phthis cal\\nconstitution. Dr. Sparks, one of the latest and best\\nauthors on the influence of climate, and the cure of phthisis\\nby climate, states Dampness of the atmosphere of a\\nparticular place a high relative humidity is a potent pre-\\ndisposing cause of phthisis. Dr. Madden (Health Resorts,\\np. 4) remarks My experience as x)hysician to three large\\ninstitutions, have confirmed the observations in my first\\nwork, published several years ago, that there is no class of\\npatients in whom we may more confidently hope for the\\nbeneficial effects of change of air than in the case of chil-\\ndren predisposed to the scrofulous diathesis, or by heredi-\\ntary taint to consumption. The climate chosen for the\\ntreatment of this predisposition to tuberculous disease,\\nshould be dry, braring and equable.\\nBy some unaccountable means, the opinion has become\\nwidespread that Minnesota possesses a remarkably dry win-\\nter climate, and as a consequence patients are deceived and\\nsent from a drier one An examination of the Reports of\\nthe Signal Service, in regard to Mean Relative Humidity in\\nthe United States, will establish the fact that Minnesota\\ndoes not possess a dry and desiccating climate in fact,\\nBreckenridge, Minnesota, is remarkable for its humidity.\\nNewspaper correspondents and some parties interested ia\\nhotels and sanitariums north of Florida, and physicians who\\nare ignorant of climate, have announced to the woi ld that\\nFlorida is a foggy, changeable climate, reeking with moist-\\nure, when the opposite is the fact.\\nTo place the subject of Mean Relative Humidity in a clear\\nand unmistakable light, we shall freely use the material\\nfurnished by the Signal Service Reports, and not use data\\nof private individuals, which are not always reliable. I will\\nsimply remark, that when the atmosphere is saturated with\\nmoisture, it is said to contain 100 per cent., when one-half\\nor one-quarter saturated, 50 or 25 per cent., and whea\\nabsolutely dry, 0.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38\\nMEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY.\\nMentone and\\nCannes*\\nNasau, N. Pf...\\nAtlantic City, N.\\nJJ\\nBrecli e n r i d g e,\\nMiunt\\nDuluth. Minn X\\n8t. Paul, Minn t\\nPunta Rassa,\\nFlat\\nKey West FlaJ\\nJacksonville,\\nFlat\\nAugusta, Ga J...\\nBismarck, Dak j\\nBoston, Mass J..\\nX\\nw\\nw\\nn\\nS\\nDeoembee\\nM\\nt-3\\nn\\nper ct.\\no\\nper ct.\\nper ct.\\nper ct.\\nper ct.\\n3\\n1\\n71.8\\n76.1\\n74.2\\n72.0\\n72.0\\n77.0\\n70.7\\n72.5\\n73.3\\n68.4\\n5\\n76.9\\n79.1\\n80.6\\n77.3\\n76.8\\n5\\n5\\n5\\n76.9\\n74.0\\n70.3\\n83.2\\n72.1\\n73.5\\n76.8\\n72.7\\n75.2\\n81.8\\n73.3\\n70.7\\n79.5\\n71.0\\n67.1\\n5\\n5\\n72.7\\n77.1\\n73.2\\n78.7\\n74.2\\n78.9\\n73.7\\n77.2\\n69.9\\n72.2\\n5\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n71.9\\n71.8\\n76.6\\n68.0\\n69.3\\n72.6\\n76.4\\n61.8\\n70.2\\n73.0\\n77.4\\n6.;. 6\\n68.5\\n64.7\\n81.6\\n68.2\\n63.9\\n62.8\\n70.6\\n63.7\\nrt 00\\nr S3\\nui ir..\\nper ct.\\n72.4\\n73.2\\n78.1\\n79.6\\n72.6\\n71.3\\n72.7\\n76.8\\n68.8\\n68.9\\n76.5\\n05.6\\nper ct.\\n74.5\\n72.\\nIt is nothing unusual to send patients from Boston, Mass.,\\nto Minnesota, because the opinion prevails that the air of\\nthe latter is dry. The mean relative humidity for the\\nfive cold months in Boston is G5.6, and the mean for three\\nstations in Minnesota is 74.3, 8.7 per cent, in favor of the\\nformer. Patients are advised to leave Philadelphia and\\nsecure the advantages of the dry climate of Atlantic City.\\nYet the mean for Atlantic City is 78.1, and that of Phila-\\ndelphia 73.9, a difference of 4.2-10 per cent, in favor of the\\nlatter. The public and a large majority of the medical men\\nspeak of Minnesota as possessing a dry and desiccating\\nclimate, and Jacksonville a moist and changeable one\\nan atmosphere loaded with moisture. But three stations\\nin the former give a mean of 74.4, and Jacksonville 68.8, or\\n5.7 in favor of Jacksonville.\\nA French proverb is On ne meurt que de betise (the\\ncommon cause of death is stupidity), and it seems to be\\napplicable to a portion of the profession, as far as a know-\\nledge of climate is concerned. It is the great duty of the\\nprofession to prevent disease, and when it arises to relieve\\nReviera, Dr. Sparks, p. 9.\\nt From Meteorological Records of Military Hospital, Nassau, N.\\nP., obtained for writer by A. O. Osborn, Esq.\\nX Signal Service Eeports.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "39\\nit by natural and harmless remedies in preference to di UTfS.\\nAnd I will ask you how many physicians are familiar with\\nthe factors of any climate, and sanitary laws and how many\\nare competent to give a just opinion regarding the advan-\\ntages or disadvantages of any given sanitarium or winter\\nresort To use the language of a learned legislator The\\nphysician is like Nebuchadnezzar he dreams, and death is\\nthe sentence of him who cannot divine what that dream\\nwas. A physician situply recommends a patient to go to\\nFlorida, without carefully inquiring into the special condi-\\ntions of the case, or determining if the patient requires a\\ndry or moist climate, a bracing or relaxing one, a residence\\nin the interior or on the coast, a high or moderate range of\\ntemperature, for all these conditions can be found in this\\nState. The word Florida is sufficient, and the medical\\nadviser is relieved of responsibility. These are matters of\\nthe gravest importance as affecting human life and the\\ntime has ai rived when our Medical Colleges should have a\\nchair of Climatology and Hygiene, and render a knowledge\\nof these subjects essential to graduation. At present, much\\nignorance preva ls even in high places with regard to cli-\\nmate and I will ask you what proportion of physicians who\\nrecommend patients to sanitariums and climatic resorts,\\ncan give intelligent answers regarding prevailing winds,\\ndiseases, temperature, thermometric range, atmospheric\\nchanges, water, soil, humidity and other important climatic\\nfactors.\\nAmong the factors on which the development and pro-\\ngress of pulmonary diseases certainly depends, dampness of\\nsoil is an important one, and merits the consideration of\\nphysician and patient. Every agricultural engineer is aware\\nof the fact that draining soil renders it warmer and more\\nhealthy. Sparks, p. 106, states A high relative humidity,\\nespecially when associated with a damp soil, is a potent\\npi edisposing cause of phthisis. Dr. Pollock, in his lectui es\\nat the Consumption Hospital, London (Med. Times, 1878),\\nreraai ked Low, damp and ill-drained localities are those\\nwhere the disease is most prevalent and fatal. A wet, cold\\nsoil is productive of pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis and\\nrheumatism. In analyzing the cause of 1,000 cases of\\nphthisis, Dr. Williams found that 14.2 per cent, could be\\ntraced to inflammatory attacks of the lungs. And accord-\\ning to Dr. Pollock, a still greater number are preceded by\\nrheumatism. Sparks, p. 105.\\nAmongst the numerous valuable reports which Dr. Bu-\\nchanan, in his official capacity of Health Inspector, submit-", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40\\nted to the Privy Council of England, there is perhaps none\\nwhich is of more interest than his report on The Distribu-\\ntion of Phthisis as afiected by dampness of soil. Dr. B.\\nascertained that in certain towns that had been drained,\\nthat the mortality from phthisis had greatly diminished,\\nand the rate of diminution was found to correspond with\\nthe extent of the drying of the soil. It was found that\\nwherever the drying of the subsoil had been effected either\\nby the construction of drain sewers, or by special drains,\\nthe mortality from phthisis had decreased from about 50\\nper cent, downwards. From a thorough and prolonged\\ninvestigation of the subject, Dr. Buchanan determined that\\nthere was much less plithisis among populations living on\\npervious soils, than among populations living on impervious\\nsoils. That there was much phthisis with much wetness\\nof soil, and little phthisis with little wetness of soil.\\nBut the priority of investijjating the influence of wet soils\\nas a cause of pulmonary diseases, is due to Dr. Bowditch,\\nof Boston, Massachusetts. lu an address delivered before\\nthe Massachusetts Medical Society, in 1862, Dr. B. remarked\\nthat Medical opinion in Massachusetts, as deduced from\\nthe wrilteu statements of physicians of 183 towns, tends to\\nprove the existence of a law in the development of consump-\\ntion in Massachusetts, which law has, for its central idea,\\nthat the dampness of the soil of any township or locality is\\nintimately connected, and probably as cause and effect with\\nthe prevalence of consumption in that township or locality.\\nBut, in addition to phthisis, there are other diseases whose\\nprevalency is largely affected by dampness of soil. Thus,\\nrheumatism, catarrhal complaints and ague are especially\\ncommon in damp districts. An undrained or damp state of\\nsoil is fully proved to be highly inimical to health, and\\naccording to 5lr. ISimon, it answers to the legal definition of\\nthe term nuisance. Dampness of soil may presumably\\neffect health in two ways. First, by the effect of water, per\\nse, causing a cold soil, a misty air, and a tendency, in per-\\nsons living on such a soil, to catarrhs and rheumatism and\\nsecond, by aiding the evolution of organic emanations. A\\nmoist soil is cold, and is generally believed to preilispose to\\nrheumatism, catarrh and neuralgia. j A sandy soil at a\\nsuitable elevation to ensure ped ect drainage without an\\nimpervious layer of clay near the surface, will be a dry soil,\\nand a clayey soil, on the contrai-y, a moist soil. Soils con-\\nHand book of TTyc;ieiie, G. Wilson. M. D., 187.S, p. 272.\\nf Practical Hygieue, K. A. Parkes, M. D., p. 306.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "41\\ntaining an excess of organic elements are injurious, for\\nthey tend to produce malarious diseases, so injurious to\\ninvalids.\\nDry, sandy or gravelly soils, at a sufficient elevation to\\ninsure perfect drainage, will be, caeteris paribus, more healthy\\nthan a cold, clayey soil, or even a sandy soil, with water near\\nthe surface at a higher elevation. And before a physician\\nadvises a patient to visit a given winter resort, he should\\nacquaint himself with the peculiarities of the locality as\\nregards soil and moisture for if a cold, moist soil is pro-\\nductive of disease, a locality where such soil exists cannot\\nbe favorable for the invalid, and should be avoided. Dr.\\nJones, of St. Paul, Minnesota, says that those localities\\nonly should be recommended, where the soil is sandy, or\\nhighly pervious to water, and where rain-fall is rapidly ab-\\nsorbed. These conditions exist to a marked degree in a\\nlarge portion of this State hence its advantages as a cli-\\nmatic resort.\\nTo establish the advantages of cold climates, and Min-\\nnesota in particular, in the treatment of consumption.\\nDr. Jones refers to the infrequency of this disease in Ice-\\nland, Nova Scotia, Norway aud Sweden. At p. 289, he\\nremarks The geographical location of Minnesota pro-\\ntects her from all oceanic influences. It need scarcely\\nbe repeated that this marine atmosphere is a fruitful\\nsource of mischief to consumptives, as indicated by the death\\nrate of those persons residing in situations where this influ-\\nence is operative. It is not surprising that Florida should\\nsuffer, from this scourge, when we remember that it is a j)en-\\ninsula, and, therefore, exposed on two sides to this oceanic\\ninfluence. But mirabali dictii his whole plea for cold\\nclimates is based on the absence of phthisis in countries\\nsubjected to oceanic influences. Iceland is surrounded\\non four sides by water. Nova Scotia is almost an island,\\nand Norway and Sweden are more of a peniusula than Flor-\\nida. If oceanic influences are so deleterious in this State,\\nwhy not in those countries In my opinion, the remarka-\\nble exemption from consumption in Florida is, to a great\\nextent, to be attributed to the fact that it is nearly sur-\\nrounded by water, and that it is nearly always subjected to\\noceanic influences, as Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Nova\\nScotia.\\nDr. Packard, surgeon to the Episcopal Hospital, Phila-\\ndelphia, s*ays We are told bjMneteorologists, that the\\nsea air contains more ozone than inland places. It may be\\ntaken as a fact, that the presence of oxygen in this form ia", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42\\none important element of the tonic and stimulating effect of\\nthe atmosphere of the sea-shore. Hence, we have at the sea-\\nshore a jntre air, containing oxygen in the form of ozone.\\nUpon most persons the effect of breathing this air is tonic\\nand invigorating, producing an immediate sense of exhilera-\\ntion, imoroving the appetite, and promoting digestion.\\nPages 21, 22.\\nIn opposition to the vievps of Dr. Jones, many leading\\nphysicians in England and on the continent seed their pa-\\ntients to the sea-shore in summer and v?inter and in tbe\\nNorth, more especially in Philadelphia, leading physicians\\neven send their patients to sea-side resorts in winter. Dr.\\nPackard writes Children recovering from lung troubles,\\nas bronchitis, whooping-cough, etc., are sent to Atlantic\\nCity or Cape May, in the latter part of winter. For many\\nconsumptives, as well as for those who labor under chronic\\nbronchitis, the sea-shore affords a most valuable winter\\nresort. The purity of the air, with the greater equability of\\ntemperature, enable them to breathe more easily, and it is\\nsometimes surprising to note the diminution in the severity\\nand frequency of the cough. A like beneficial effect is pro-\\nduced upon asthmatics, who, indeed, are very often subjects\\nof chronic bronchitis.\\nThe water supply of a health resort may appear to be a\\ntrivial matter, but it is one of special importance to the in-\\nvalid. Impure water has long been recognized as one of\\nthe most potent causes of disease, and it is only of late years\\nthat minute investigation has succeeded in demonstrating\\nthe great mortality which it inflicts on all classes of the\\ncommunity. In many localities in the South, the water is\\nimpregnated with vegetable matter, and should be avoided\\nby the sick. In the older towns, more especially if the soil\\nis sandy, and if sanitation has been neglected, the well water\\nis apt to be contaminated with the drainage of water closets\\nand kitchen slops, and, as a consequence, unfit for use, and\\nproductive of typhoid fever and intestinal derangements.\\nIn my numerous visits to the country districts of this State,\\nI have frequently met with persons with enlarged abdomens,\\nand waxy complexions, traceable, in almost every case, to\\nthe use of bad water and improper food. Whenever the\\nresidents of this State drink pure water and live on digesti-\\nble and nourishing food, sickness and broken health will be\\nfound to be less than in any State east of the Rocky Moun-\\ntains. As so many dangers lurk in apparently pure water,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Sea Air and Sea Bathing, by J. H. Packard, Philadelphia, 1880.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "43\\ninvalids and strangers should, if possible, drink rain water\\nwhenever obtainable and in selecting a hotel or boarding\\nhouse at any winter resort, strict inquiry should be made\\nwith regard to the water supply, its source and quality.\\nThe drainage and water supply, remarks Sparks, p. 245,\\nof a health resort, are scarcely, if at all, less important than,\\nits climatic conditions, because if people are to be poisoned\\nby sewer gas, or poisonous sewage contamination, they had\\nbetter stay at home.\\nMalaria is a subject which enters into the discussion of\\nall Southern climes, and we unhesitatingly assert that Flor-\\nida has been misrepresented in this respect. It is the cus-\\ntom, remarks Dr. Lente, p. 21, of many persons living at\\nFlorida resorts, oif the St. Johns river, to represent for ob-\\nvious reasons, that fever prevails there the year round, and\\nthat it is dangerous to resort to it at any time. In this\\nmanner they have excited senseless alarm in the minds of\\nthose proposing to come to Florida, and have diverted them\\nto other Southern resorts, thus in the end injuring them-\\nselves as well as others. Unprincipled hotel keepers and\\nrunners, and the agents of steamboat and railroad lines lead-\\ning to other localities, aid more or less in this fraudulent\\nattempt to gain patronage. The bugbear, malaria, is, in my\\nhumble opinion, a prolific source of disease among visitors\\nto Florida. By misrepresentations (to use a mild term)\\ntourists and invalids have been led to believe that the entire\\nwater supply is productive of disease, and as a consequence,\\nthey refrain from drinking a sufficient quantity of water, or\\ndilute it with poor whisky or brandy, to counteract its bad\\neffects. Interested parties have expatiated so much with\\nregard to the air being charged with malaria in winter, that\\ninvalids and patients become alarmed, and as a sequence\\nthey daily swallow quinine, and thereby produce nervous or\\nfunctional derangements. They keep the pure air out of\\ntheir rooms, breathe an air contaminated with their own\\nbreaths and exhalations, and at night assemble in halls and\\nparlors and inhale vitiated air poisoned by their own breaths\\nand the elements resulting from the combustion of coal gas\\nand kerosene. They inhale for hours at a time, air charged\\nwith carbonic acid, and shun the pure night air as they\\nwould the emanations of the deadly Upas tree. Visitors act\\nimprudently, and as a consequence, suffer from nervous\\nderangements, colds, and diarrhceas, which they attribute to\\nmalaria or the climate. The cause of slight indispositions\\naffecting visitors, is not malaria, but indulgence at table,\\nchange of drinking-water, eating excessive quantities of", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44\\nfi uit, or the inhalation of air poisoned by human breaths, or\\nthe resultants of the combustion of coal j^ as and kerosene,\\nand a deficiency of the pure air that a beneficent Creator\\nhas placed everywhere within their reach. If visitors would\\nlet quinine and arsenical pills alone, control their appetites,\\neat moderately, inhale plenty of the salabrious air of the\\nState, and not swelter in heated halls, parlors, and unventi-\\nlated bed-rooms, we should hear less of the bugbear, mala-\\nria. At various times since 1844, I have navigated the\\nlarger streams of this State, visited the Everglades and Lake\\nOkeechobee, and almost every bay inlet and river, from\\nCape Sable to the Suwannee River, and for over two months\\nat a time, slept in an open boat, with nothing but a simple\\nawning stretched over the boat s boom, and in no instance\\ndid my companions or self suffer from malaria or a chill.\\nBefore I became a resident of the State, my companions and\\nself were unacclimated, and in no instance were we so fool-\\nish as to swallow quinine, arsenic, or alcoholic liquors aa\\nantidotes to malaria or chills. I speak from personal ob-\\nservation, experience and extended inquiry in various por-\\ntions of the State, and I unhesitatingly assert that the opinion\\nentertained with regard to the prevalence of malaria during\\nthe cold months in Florida, is unfounded. When discussing\\nthe advantages of Florida as a climatic resort, the eminent\\nDr. Forry predicted From a long residence in Florida,\\nattached to the United States Army, that when the period\\nof the red man s departure shall have passed, the climate of\\nthis land of flowers would acquire a celebrity as a winter\\nresidence not inferior to that of Italy, Madeira, or Southern\\nFrance.\\nAll know, remarks Dr. Brinton, p. 128, how terribly\\narduous must be campaigning among the Everglades of\\nFlorida, yet tlie yearly mortality from disease of the regular\\narmy there, was only 26 per 1,000 men the average of the\\narmy elsewhere was 35 per 1,000, while in Texas it rose to\\n40, and on the lower Mississippi to 45 per 1,000. If per-\\nsons are suffering from malarial cachexia they may have\\nchills at any season in any climate. But a few weeks since\\nI was requested to visit a young lady visitor, whose home is\\nFifth Avenue, New York. The only time she had been\\ndressed for three months, was the day she was driven to the\\nSavannah steamer. Upon inqury, I found that quinine,\\narsenic, and Warbeck s tincture, had failed to cure her of\\nchills. She arrived in this city in the latter part of Feb-\\nCopeland a Dictionary of Medicine, vol. 1, p. 417.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "45\\nruary, and at the end of two weeks she departed for home,\\nsans chills, t^ans malaria, sans debility. From my experience\\nin hospitals and private practice in and near New York, I\\nhave no hesitation in stating that malarious diseases are\\nmoi-e frequent there than ia Florida. From my observa-\\ntions from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, I am convinced\\nthat febrile diseases assume a milder form, and are more\\neasily cured in Florida than in States to the north of it. I\\nshall no doubt be met with the reply Look at the waxy\\ncomplexions and gaunt forms of many Floridians, met with\\nat some of the landings and depots. I admit the mild im-\\npeachment, and can attribute their cachectic condition to\\nbad water, insufficient clothing, unsuitable and uncomforta-\\nble habitations, and the improper food they eat from child-\\nhood to the grave. In any other State but Florida, they\\nwould be the victims of enlarged spleens, cardiac dilatation,\\nchronic gastritis, tuberculosis, dropsical effusions or albu-\\nminuria. But contrast the natives referred to with those\\nwho have comfortable homeS; sufficient clothing, and who\\ndrink pure water and use good and nutritious food or with\\nNorthern and Western people who have been in the State\\nfor years, and the latter will be found to be pictures of\\nhealth. I admit that in Florida, as everywhere else, there\\nare insalubrious localities, but they should be avoided by\\nstrangers. But to avoid them, interested parties should\\nnot listen to the senseless twaddle of irresponsible hotel\\nkeepers, hotel and steamboat and railroad runners, or\\nstrangers suffering from a severe attack of Aerophobia. A\\nmajority of the cases of illness occurring among visitors in\\nthis State, are referable to indulgence at table, drinking\\nimpure water, the inhalation of impure air, the American\\nweakness of rushing hither and thither, occupation of un-\\nventiiated rooms, and a ridiculous system of senseless drug-\\nging indulged in by strangers, as a consequence of the\\nadvice given by physicians who are ignorant of the climate\\nand its diseases. To illustrate the frequency of malarious\\ndiseases intermittent and other fevers during the cold\\nmonths in this county, I have examined the records of the\\ncounty hospital under my superintendence, and find that\\nthe following cases of malarious diseases were admitted for\\nthe five cold months of 79 and 80", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46\\nK\\nOS\\nH\\nH\\nH\\nM\\nW\\nm\\nK\\nS\\nS\\np\\nu\\nu\\nD\\na:\\nu\\nir\\nn\\no\\nH\\ntt\\nfo\\n1\\n1\\nRemittent fever 10\\nIntermittent fever 10\\nCongestive fever\\nTypho Malarial fever\\nWhen we come to estimate the influence of climate on\\nhealth, we should consider adjuvants outside of climatic fac-\\ntors. To insure success in the treatment of disease or broken\\nhealth, something more is necessary than dryness of air and\\na moderate range of temperature. The locality selected\\nshould present various attractive features, so as to keep the\\npatient from brooding over his infirmities. The invalid\\nrequires cheerful society, sources of amusement and occupa-\\ntion, an opportunity to walk, ride, drive, boat, fish, botanize\\nand enjoy sunshine, and day by day, and hour by hour, find\\nsome source of divertisement.\\nThe importance of pure air (uncontaminated with noxious\\neffluvia and germs so common in interior sections), more\\nespecially that of the ocean, has not received the attention\\nits importance demands.\\nOzone is considered by many as an important constituent\\nof the atmosphere, for by its presence pure air may be in-\\nferred to exist. This allotropic condition of oxygen pos-\\nsesses a great power of destruction of organic matter floating\\nin the atmosphere. Dr. Jones, of St. Paul, lays great stress\\nupon the importance of ozone in the climatic cure of pulmo-\\nnary diseases, and intimates that Minnesota is favored in\\nthis respect, as there is much more of this substance in the\\nhigher than in the lower strata of the atmosphere, and\\nthat this is an argument against sending patients to Flor-\\nida. At another point he informs us that the air of the\\nsea and mountains is richer in ozone than the atmosphere\\nof the plains. If Dr. Jones statement is accepted as fact,\\nMinnesota is not suited to consumptive patients, for it is not\\nsurrounded by the ocean, nor is that State favored with\\nmountains. The Florida peninsula is surrounded by the\\nsea, and as the land is almost constantly fanned by sea\\nbreezes containing a large amount of ozone, the Land of\\nFlowers must of necessity be better adapted to the climatic\\ntreatment of pulmonary diseases than Minnesot i. Accord-\\ning to Sparks, p. 410, it seems clear that the substance", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "47\\ngiving the reaction of ozone is not deficient in marshy dis-\\ntricts. According to the researches of Burdel, he found as\\nmuch ozone in the air of marshes as in other air. Cle-\\nmens says There is a large proportion of oxygen near\\nthe surface of lakes, giving the reaction of ozone, more\\nespecially if there are certain acquatic plants present and\\nhe also remarks that at some feet above the surface, the\\nreaction is lost. Grallois has lately stated that he found\\nmore ozone over marshes than anywhere else. Dr. Schrei-\\nber, of Vienna, asserts that the turpentine exnaled from\\npine forests possesses, to a greater degree than all other\\nsubstances, the property of converting the oxygen of the air\\ninto ozone. In this connection, Dr. Denison remarks If\\nthis be true, it will explain why a residence among the bal-\\nsamic odors of the pines has long been esteemed of benefit\\nto the pulmonary invalid. Florida is densely covered with\\nSine forests, and if we accept the statement of Dr. Schreiber,\\nr. Jones is in error. Dr. Moffat found the quantity\\nof ozone in the atmosphere greater when the mean daily\\ntemperature was above the mean. According to the re-\\nsearches of Dr. Denison in Colorado, the excess of ozone\\nappeared durmg the spring months on the plains, and came\\nproportionately later in the season the higher up the obser-\\nvations were made. If we accept as correct the statements\\nof the authorities quoted, and Florida is amply supplied\\nwith ozone, and if according to the statement of Dr. Jones,\\nozone is exceedingly valuable in the climatic treatment of\\nphthisis, patients should be sent to Florida in winter, and\\nto elevated and mountainous regions during the summer.\\nFood, the kind, quality, and the manner of its prepara-\\ntion, is a matter of no small importance to the invalid, and\\nno climate, however suitable in other respects, is proper for\\nhim, if he cannot obtain good and decently cooked food.\\nLente, p. 43 In phthisis, food is a matter of more impor-\\ntance than medicine, and this subject is sensibly referred to\\nby Dr. Bennet. The food taken by consumptives should\\nbe of the most nourishing kind, well cooked and abundant\\nin quantity. Indeed, the quantity of food taken by con-\\nsumptives should only be limited by their digestive powers.\\nIn my opinion the principal value of medical treatment in\\nphthisis is the restoration of digestive tone, when impaired\\nor absent. If patients can be brought to eat, to digest and\\nto assimilate, they have a chance of recovery. If they can-\\nnot, their chance is indeed slight. One great objection to\\nmany portions of the South, as winter resorts for invalids,\\nis Southern cooking, which, in some localities, is character-", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "ized by the use of excessive quantities of grease and the\\never-present corn bread and bacon. But in the cities,\\ntowns, and the better class of winter resorts, the cuisine is\\nall that can be desired. In some hotels, the tables cannot\\nbe excelled by those of the North.\\nThe character of the buildings at a health resort has much\\nto do with the successful treatment of disease, and this sub-\\nject does not receive due and proper consideration. In\\nsome portions of the South the buildings are poorly con-\\nstructed, and in some instances unsuited to the requirements\\nof the invalid. The invalid should select a well constructed\\nbuilding, sufficiently elevated above the surface of the soil,\\nwhere the soil is dry, and permanent water is at considera-\\nble depth below the surface.\\nConsidering climatic factors, as a result of experience,\\nobservation, investigation and study, we are convinced that\\nFlorida presents more attractions and advantages as a win-\\nter resort for invalids than any State in the Union. The\\ntemperature is favorable, the mean relative humidity is pe-\\nculiarly adapted to the treatment of all forms of pulmonary\\ndisease, the air is salubrious, and in a large portion of the\\nState dry and bracing atmospheiic changes are infrequent,\\nand not so great as in other sections east of the Kooky\\nMountains. Rains are infrequent, and sunshine and fiue\\nweather the rule. The State possesses insular, interior, dry\\nand moist localities, semi-tropical and cooler sections and\\nif the nature of any given case should necessitate a change\\nof base, a suitable climate can be reached in a few hours and\\nat a trifling expense.\\nFor fear of being accused of painting Florida in too bright\\ncolors, we shall use the language of others\\nThe atmosphere is generally dry and clear, owing to the\\nevenness and salubrity of its climate. Florida hits long\\nbeen a popular resort for invalids, and especially those\\nafflicted with pulmonary complaints. Of the total deaths\\nfrom all causes in Florida in 1870, as reported by the Fed-\\neral census, only 131 were from consumption. There were\\n17.3 deaths from all causes to one of consumption. The\\nadvantages of the climate in this respect are further shown\\nby a comparison of the statistics relating to consumption as\\nreported by the census of 1870, from which it appears that\\nthe ratio of deaths from consumption to those from all\\ncauses, was less in Florida than in anv State except Nevada\\nand this advantage becomes st\\\\ll greater when it is consid-\\nered that, Florida being a popular resort for consumptives,\\no large proportion of those who die there from that cause", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "49\\ncame with the dif^eme from other States. It must be\\nremembered that the first immigrants to a new State like\\nNevada, are, as a rule, robust aud possess good constitu-\\ntions and we must wait for a few decades before we can\\narrive at a correct conclusion with regard to the prevalence\\nof phthisis. My observations, extending over three years in\\nour county hospital, justifies me in stating that a very large\\ni: roportion of the cases of phthisis admitted into the insti-\\ntution were the result of constitutional syphilis, and not\\natti ibutable to climate.\\nDr. Charles A. Lee, the learned editor of Copeland s Med-\\nical Dictionary, remarks Proceeding south from Canada\\nto Florida, the seasons become more uniform in proportion\\nas their annual temperature increases, aud they glide im-\\nperceptibly into each other, exhibiting no great extremes.\\nCompared with the other regions of the United States, the\\npeninsula of Florida has a climate wholly pecuUar. The\\nclimate is so exceedingly mild and uniform, that besides the\\nvegetable productions of the Nortlaern States generally,\\nmany of a tropical character are produced. We have already\\nspoken of the mildness of the climate of this region it ap-\\npears to possess an insular temperature not less equable and\\nsalubrious in winter than that afforded by the South of\\nEurope, aud is, therefore, well adapted to those forms of\\npulmonary disease, as bronchitis and incipient phthisis, as\\nare benefited by a mild climate. Mildness and uniformity\\nare the two distinguishing characteristics of the Florida\\npeninsula. If we compare the climate of East Florida with\\nthe most favored situations on the Continent of Europe, and\\nthe islands held in the highest estimation for mildness and\\nequability of temperature, in regard to the mean tempera-\\nture of winter and summer, that of the warmest and coldest\\nmonths, and that of successive seasons, we shall find the\\nresults generally in favor of the former-. After citing the\\nmean difference of successive months and annual range of a\\nnumber of climatic resorts in comparison with stations in\\nFlorida, he remarks Thus it is easily demonstrated, that\\ninvalids requiring a mild winter residence, have gone to\\nforeign lauds in search of what might be found at home\\nan evergreen land, in which wild flowers never cease to\\nunfold their petals. f\\nIn discussing the most suitable climates for invalids. Dr.\\nWilson, late Medical Inspector of Camps and Hospitals,\\nAmerican Encylcopedia, vol. vii, p. 281.\\nt Copeland s Medical Dictionary, vol. 1, pp. 402, 404, 41G,", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "60\\nUnited States Army, remarks Neither upon the soutji-\\nern coast of France, nor anywhere under the bright Itahan\\nskies, can a winter climate be found so equable and so genial\\nto the delicate nerves of most invalids as can be enjoyed in\\nour sanitary stations in Florida.\\nDr. H. A. Johnson, of Chicago, states I had about fifty\\npatients last winter in Florida and Georgia, and they came\\nback better. Even in those in whose lungs cavities existed,\\nwere better than they would have been had they stayed in\\nIllinois. I will, tlierefore, advise patients in the latter stages\\nto go to Florida. f\\nAt page 1235, vol. 3, of Copeland s Dictionary of Medi-\\ncine, we find the following Dr. Forry and other writers\\nof authority, recommend a change of climate in this disease,\\nas a remedial agent of great efficacy, and especiuUy the pe-\\nninsula of Florida.\\n0\\\\er half a century ago. Captain Vignoles, an intelligent\\ngentleman, traversed a large portion of Florida, and wrote\\nThat the climate is good for patients of a consumptive\\nhabit is notorious, several persons during the last winter and\\nspring from Carolina and elsewhere having recovered their\\nhealth and that the air is not at any season hurtful is\\nequally well known. The fashion of sending invalids on an\\nexpensive journey to the south of France and Italy, may be\\nsuperseded, if physicians could be induced to recommend a\\nwinter in Florida to their patients. The attention of the\\nfaculty is seriously entreated by the author to this subject,\\nand to the propriety of ordering their debilitated patients to\\ntry the salubrious air of Florida.\\nFlorida is hot esteemed by all as a climatic resort for\\ninvalids, and I shall quote from Dr. Jones Essay, pp. 277,\\n278. He says Florida, which has been vaunted as a\\nsanitarium for invalids, shows a greater ratio of mortality\\nfrom phthisis, to-day, than Minnesota. Florida is, perhaps,\\nto-day, more frequented by invalids than any of our South-\\nern places of resort. The exceeding fatality of consumption\\nto families who for generations have resided in the State, as\\nwell as the unfavorable effects, as a rule, observed upon\\npatients who visit that State in declining health, is well\\nknown. We are not surprised that such is the case, after\\nHealth and IJealth Resorts, J. Wilson, M. D., Philadelphia, 1880,\\np. 26.\\nt Trans. Am. Med. Congress, pp. 422-3.\\nI Observations on the Floridas, by Charles Vignoles, New York,\\n1823, p. HI.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "51\\nhaving carefully analyzed the climate, for there is little that\\ncan be said in its favor, and a great deal which must be said\\nagainst it.\\nIn making such a sweeping statement, in which the wel-\\nfare arrd progress of a State is involved, it would have been\\nbut just and professional for the writer to have furnished\\nreferences to authors, resident physicians, or statistical evi-\\ndence to substantiate his assertions. But his unauthorized\\nstatements is evidence of the assumptions of ignorance in a\\nperson who is disposed to injure a State, of which he has no\\npersonal knowledge, no reports from resident physicians, or\\nno reliable data upon which to base an opinion.\\nIn this State we have no State Board of Health, and no\\ncompulsory registration of deaths, and it was impossible for\\nDr. Jones to base his statements upon any evidence but the\\nUnited States Census, and the Army Reports, and mortuary\\nreturns of this city, and these are favorable to the State. If\\nDr. Jones had been impartial and disposed to adopt a pro-\\nfessional course, he would have written Florida is a\\nfavorite resort for invalids. Many persons visit the State in\\nthe last and incurable stage of phthisis and die there, as\\neverywhere else and as we have no mortuary tables, or the\\nmeans of ascertaining how many residents or invalids an-\\nnually die in that State of phthisis, we are not justified in\\nexpressing a positive opinion. But such a professional\\nstatement would not have aided the gentleman in accom-\\nplishing his end.\\nIn his essay. Dr. Jones refers to the great mortality in the\\ncity of Jacksonville, and as rtliable data are important, I\\naddressed Dr. Knight, Health Ofl cer of the city, and received\\nthe following reply\\nResidents who died during years of 1878 and 1879, from\\nphthisis, 11. Percentage of deaths bv phthisis to total mor-\\ntality, 0.55.\\nDr. Jones asserts that the mortality from phthisis is great\\nin families that have lived in Florida for generations. The\\nwriter did not institute a personal investigation, or cor-\\nrespond with our leading physicians, and as no State mor-\\ntuary reports have* been published, the question arises,\\nFrom what source did Dr. Jones obtain his information\\nA statement of this kind requires side evidence in the way\\nof statistics, mortuary reports, or reliable information not\\nmere assertion, based on preconceived opinions. My obser-\\nvations and inquiries led me to the opposite conclusion, but\\nbeing loth to express a positive opinion in opposition to that\\nof an eminent member of the profession, I addressed a circa-", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52\\nlar letter to leading physicians in various portions of this\\nState, and shall give a few queries propounded and the an-\\nswers received.\\nQuery. How long have you practiced medicine in this\\nState?\\nAnswers. Twenty-eight years. Twenty-two years. Twen-\\nty-three years. Twenty-four years. Twenty-five years.\\nTwelve years. Seven years. Thirty years. Thirty-six\\nyears. Twenty-eight years. Twenty-one years. Thirty years.\\nTwenty-one years. Forty-two years. Five years. Forty-\\nnine years. Thirty years.\\nQuery. Have you noticed any tendency to the hereditary\\ntransmission of phthisis in families that have resided for\\ngenerations in this State?\\nAnswers. None. None of a marked character. Hardly\\nan instance so seldom as to make it an exception. No.\\nNo. None. In one family for three generations members\\ndied of phthisis the present members of the family are\\nquite healthy, and I am convinced the hereditary tendency\\nis removed. In one instance only. Not more so than in\\nother States. I have no recollection of any case. Seldom\\ndeveloped, and when it occurs, milder and more favorable\\nthan in Northei-n and Western States. In some rare in-\\nstances. Not more so than in other families. Hereditary\\ntaint dies out. Know famihes here born of consumptive\\nparents, who have passed the meridian of life and exhibit\\nno signs of pulmonary disease.\\nIn the ipse dixit of Dr. Jones, we have the opinion of a\\ntheorist who studied the climatologfy of this State, and the\\nhereditary transmission of phthisis in our old families, in\\nhis cosy sanctum in St. Paul. And, in opposition to his\\nassertion, we have the positive statements of educated, ex-\\nperienced and i-eliable medical gentlemen gentlemen who\\nare competent to form intelligent and unbiased opinions,\\nand whose aggregate experience in the profession covers 433\\nyears, or an average of over 25 years.\\nTo determine the question of transmissibility of phthisis\\nin this State, in families predisposed to this disease, I pro-\\npounded the iollowing queries\\nQuery. Do you knovv any persons who are residents of\\nthis State, who came here sufl ering from phthisis, and who\\nhave had children since they became residents?\\nAnswers. Yes I do. Yes, more than a dozen. Several.\\nSeveral. Yes. Yes. Yes. I do. Yes. A number. Yes.\\nYes. Quite a number. There are many to my knowledge.\\nYes.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "53\\nQtteky. Have you noticed any disposition among chil-\\ndren of such parents to manifest any hereditary tendency to\\nphthisis\\nAnswers. No, I have not. Not in any case. No. None.\\nNone. No. No. No. I have not their children are as\\nhealthy as any I have seen in any part of this couutry. In\\ntwo instances only. No children of such persons are\\nhealthy. No. Have noticed no such tendency in such chil-\\ndren. No. Very infrequent. None.\\nDr. Jones refers to the unfavorable effects, as a rule, ob-\\nseived upon patients who visit Florida in declining health.\\nAs his essay is devoted to the consideration of climatic\\ntreatment of phthisis, we must conclude that by declining\\nhealth he means phthisis. If the opinion of Dr. J. is cor-\\nrect, it is surprising that thousands of persons visit Florida\\neach winter for their health, and that t e number increases\\nannually. In my visits to various portions of the State, I\\nhave met numbers who have settled here as invalids, who\\nhave been cured by the climate, or who are in the enjoyment\\nof fair health. Like Dr. Jones, I have carefully analyzed\\nthe climate, but am not disposed to hazard a positive\\nopinion hence I shall quote queries from my circular let-\\nter, and give the replies received.\\nQuery. Is tubercular consumption as liable to be devel-\\noped here as in the northern and northwestern portion of\\nthe United States, in persons predisposed to the disease\\nAnswers. No, sir. No. It is not. From my experience\\nNorth and South, I unhesitatingly say no. No. No. I\\nthink not. I have not seen an instance in which it was\\ndeveloped in a person predisposed to it. It is not No.\\nThere are very few cases developed in this climate. It is a\\nrare thing for phthisis to be developed in this State in the\\npredisposed. No. Such has not been my experience. It\\ncertainly is not. No, it rarely occurs. No.\\nQuery. Does the climate of Florida favor the cure of\\nphthisis develop3d elsewhere\\nAnswers. Most certainly. It certainly does, and especially\\nin those whose lungs are softened and tubercles and cavi-\\nties exist. It does, as I know from observation. In my\\nopinion, decidedly yes. In most cases. If persons avail\\nthemselves of the climate sufficiently early. Yes. It does.\\nYes. I have known many cases cured by coming to this\\nclimate. It does I have known many cases cured, and\\nothers relieved and life prolonged to old age. I Ijave\\nknown many cases cured by coming to this climate. Yes.\\nI am sure it certainly does. It does I have known many", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54\\ncases. Yes, advanced cases are often cured by this climate.\\nIt does.\\nQuery. Do you know persons now living in this State,\\nor elsewhere, who came here suffering from phthisis, either\\nincipient or developed, who have been benefited by a resi-\\ndence here\\nAnswers. Yes, many of them. I do. A great number.\\nQuite a number whom I can namo. Several. Yes. Yes.\\nYes. I do. I have seen many benefited during my resi-\\ndence here, and I know of quite a number now living here,\\nwho have been cured by a residence in this State. Yes.\\nSeveral instances (names and residences given). Numbers\\nof cases. I have known many persons who have been\\nrestored to health, and many whose health has been im-\\nproved. I know many such. Yes, I can mention many.\\nSeveral.\\nQuery. Do you consider the climate of this State favora-\\nble to the treatment and cure of pulmonary diseases\\nAnswers. In my opinion, it is the finest climate in the\\nworld for tubercular diseases. I have seen so many bene-\\nfited, that I would recommend it in almost every case. I\\ndo above any other that can be found on the American con-\\ntinent. Decidedly. I do. More so than in any State in\\nwhich I have lived. Yes. All are not benefited many\\ncertainly will be. I certainly do. I consider it the most\\nfavorable climate on this globe for the relief and cure of\\nphthisis. Superior to any in the United States. Yes, most\\npositively. Yes. Most certainly I have known numerous\\ncases fully restored here and have returned North and\\nremained well. I do. I do, decidedly. I do.\\nIn his essay, Dr. Jones informs us that he has carefully\\nanalyzed the climate [of Florida], and little can be said in\\nits favor, and a great deal must be said against it. As\\nCaptain Cuttre would say, Here s whisdom for you, intense\\nwhisdom. The inquirer after truth has a right to require\\nthat scientific doctrines which he is asked and expected to\\nreceive as true, should be supported by observation, facts,\\nexperience, or statistics not by assertions and statements\\not writers who are ignorant of the climatic conditions of a\\nlocality they are condemning.\\nAll Dr. Jones conclusions appear to be based on the fol-\\nlowing sentence Hygrometric measurements show that\\nthe almo^phere of Florida is loaded with moisture. But the\\nDoctor carefully avoids the publication of any data or tables\\nregarding the mean relative humidity of Florida. We have\\nplaced before you reliable meteorological data, which we", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "55\\nthink will establish the fact that Florida possesses a dry\\nclimate, and that Dr. Jones statement is unfounded and\\ncnlculated to mislead. It is not the misrepresentation of a\\nState alone which is censurable. If Di\\\\ Jones statements\\nare incorrect, numerous invalids may be misled and injured,\\nand in our opinion, this is an important consideration.\\nWhen life and health are at stake, writers should not hazard\\nstatements upon mere conjecture or popular opinion.\\nOne of the most amusing assertions of Dr. Jones, in con-\\ndemnation of Florida, is the following In Florida every-\\nthing unites to repose an irresistible feeling of languor\\nseizes a person one s energies are paralyzed, and exercise\\nconsequently neglected. It is evident that the Doctor\\nnever visited this State, or he would not have hazarded\\nsuch a statement. I am forced to entertain views oppo-\\nsite to those of Dr. Jones, but as I am too modest to\\nexpress a positive opinion based on my own feelings and\\nexperience, I propounded the following query in my circular\\nletter\\nQuery. Do you consider the climate of this State, from\\nOctober to May, bracing and invigorating, or enervating\\nand depressing?\\nAnswers. Bracing. Bracing and invigorating. Bracing\\nand invigorating. Dry and stimulating. Bracing. Bracing\\nand invigorating. Bracing and invigorating. Invigorating\\nand bracing. Bracing and not relaxing and depressing.\\nBracing and invigorating. Invigorating and bracing. Brac-\\ning, invigorating and delightful. From November to May\\nthis climate exerts a tonic influence on invalids. Climate\\nfrom October to May, quite invigorating. Decidedly\\nbracing and invigorating. Bracing. Bracing and invigo-\\nrating.\\nI have given you the views of a climatic theorist, and the\\npositively expressed opinions of the leading physicians of\\nthis State, and I need but remark that if the latter are\\nbelieved, Dr. Jones has made erroneous statements, which\\nare calculated to mislead and injure invalids, by diverting\\nthem from a temperate, dry and bracing climate to a locality\\nwhere the Ice King is where atmospheric changes are\\ngreat, and where the mean relative humidity during the\\nwinter months is greater than that of Florida.\\nDi Jones informs us, in his plea for cold climates (and\\nMinnesota in particular), in the treatment of pulmonary\\nconsumption, that to ascertain the opinion of the profes-\\nsion of this State [Minnesota] concerning the effects of\\nclimate upon phthisis, the Minnesota State Board of Health", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56\\nrecently sent out a circular, and received the following\\nreplies. Among the inquiries was the following\\nQuestion VII. What months are most favorable for im-\\nmigration here?\\nForty answers. Autumn, eight summer, twelve spring,\\nfive late spring and early fall, ten any month, two unde-\\ncided, three.\\nIt is remarkable that none recommended the winter\\nmonths, more especially, as the object of the circular was to\\nprove that Minnesota is, par excellence, the most suitable\\nwinter resort for invalids and more especially as Dr. Jones\\nhas asserted its superiority.\\nDesirous of ascertaining the views of our leading physi-\\neians, I included tlie following inquiry in my circular letter\\nQuery What months are the most favorable to immi-\\ngration to this State\\nAnswers. All seasons. Fall and winter months. Winter\\nmonths. October 1st to April 1st. September to March.\\nOctober to May. Whenever one gets ready. Winter months.\\nFall and winter months. October. Fall and winter. Fall\\nand winter months. October to April. Winter months.\\nAll seasons are equally favorable for invalids. October to\\nJune. Fall and winter months. Fall and winter months.\\nAt page 296, Dr. Jones asserts that it is difficult to un-\\nderstand the reason why the profession in this country still\\npersists in sending their patients to Florida. T^at im-\\nprovement should take place is against reason and experi-\\nence alike. Il we except a sandy soil, it does not possess\\na single element which is now regarded as favorable for the\\npalliation or cure of phthisis. In Dr. Jones, we have a\\ndogmatist, who writes about reason and experience. His\\nreasons are simply based on ignorance the assertion that\\nthe atmosphere of the State is loaded with moisture, and\\nmeteorological tables for the year 1878, for the city of St.\\nPaul. He arrogantly censures the profession for sending\\ntheir patients to Florida. This can be accounted for on the\\nground that many members of the profession are posted\\nwith regard to the climatic advantages of Florida, and that\\nDr. Jones is a resident of Minnesota. He speaks of expe-\\nrience, of which he has not had jot or tittle. If he had\\nresided in this State for but twelve mouths, he might have\\nreferred to his limited experience but when a non-resi-\\ndent refers to experience, it is simply descending from\\nthe sublime to the ridiculous. He asserts that with the\\nexception of a sandy soil the State does not possess a sin-\\ngle element which is now regarded as favorable for the", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "57\\npalliation and cure of phthisis. I have quoted from leading\\nauthorities regarding the climatic factors necessary for the\\nalleviation and cure of phthisis, and have discussed the\\nfactois of this climate, and have given meteorological data,\\nand, in my opinion, there is but one conclusion to be arrived\\nat, and that is that Dr. J. is a dogmatist, and one who is\\nready to assert as fact what he cannot establish by experi-\\nence, testimony or reliable data.\\nIn his essay, Dr. Jones uses the following language\\nThe mortality of St. Paul is less than that of Jacksonville.\\nQuestioning the correctness of this statement, I addressed\\na note to Dr. Jones, requesting him to favor me with the\\nmortuary reports of St. Paul for the years 1878 and 79,\\nwith his authority for the statement regarding the mortality\\nof Jacksonville, and that the atmosphere of Florida is\\nloaded with moisture. But received no reply.*\\nTo condemn localities of low elevation, as well as those\\nSince this paper was placed in the hands of the Publication Com-\\nmittee, I have received a cominunication from Dr. Jones, dated June\\n21st, in which he states;\\nThe mortality of Jacksonville, Florida, was found in some medi-\\ncal journal, or in the transactions of your State Medical Society. I\\ncannot now remember wh ch. I do remember, however, that the\\nmortality from consumption in Jacksonville was greater than in St.\\nPaul. 1 am well aware how unreliable such information is. The\\nhumidity of the atmosphere of Florida is so well understood, that to\\nanswer you as to where I received the information, it will only be\\nnecessary to point you to any work on climatology which has been\\nwritten in this country. I doubt if you can overcome such over-\\nwhelming testimony on this point\\nWhen authority for some of his statements is requested, the Doc-\\ntor s memory is at fault, but as regards the mortality of Jacksonville,\\nhis memory is perfect. We feel justified in stating that the mor-\\ntuary reports of the city of Jacksonville have not been published in\\nany medical journal, or the transactions of the Florida Medical Asso-\\nciation. If such information is so unreliable, it is somewhat\\nsurprising that a medical gentleman should have hazarded a positive\\nand denunciatory statement upon such \u00e2\u0096\u00a0unreliable informaUo7i.\\nAs the authority for the mean relative humidity of this State is so\\nwell understood, and as it can be found in any work on climatol-\\nogy, t is surprising that Dr. Jones did not refer to some particular\\nwork, or quote one in his essay. The popular opinion that Florida\\npossesses a moist climate, is based on the fact that it is partially\\nsurrounded by water or on a mere rehash of the statement which\\nappeared in the earlier editions of the work of Dr Naphevs, previ-\\nously referred to. The statement that the atmosphere of l-lorida\\nis loaded with moisture, is about as reliable as the statement that the\\nair of Minnesota is dry and desiccating. It is more easy for\\nauthors to quote and perpetuate errors, than to appeal to the bignal\\nService Department at Washington and secure reliable data.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58\\nsituated near the sea coast, and to bolster up high altitudes,\\nDr. Jones quotes the following from Thoroughgood At\\nMarseilles, the mortality from consumption is 25 per cent.\\nProbably Marseilles is one of the most unhealthy towns on\\nthe Mediterranean, yet that recent and eminent authority,\\nDr. Sparks, informs us that the mortality from phthisis in\\nthat city is but 1 in 74. That in 1876, the garrison in Mar-\\nseilles numbered 3,943 men that the mortality was 20 per\\n1,000, and but three died of phthisis. These figures do not\\nsupport the authority quoted by Dr. Jones.\\nMentone is situated on the Mediterranean, at a very low\\nelevation, and is recommended by leading authorities as a\\nclimatic resort. Its climate, during the cold months, closely\\nresembles that of Florida. During a period of twenty-five\\nyears, we find that 3,189 cases of all kinds were admitted\\ninto the hospital, and during that period only forty-five\\ncases of phthisis the ratio of phthisis to other diseases was\\nas 1 to 75.5. To illustrate the influence of a temperate,\\nbracing and dry climate in the treatment of phthisis, I shall\\nquote from Sparks, p. 113\\nCASKS OF PHTHISIS TEEATBD ON THE BEVIKRA.\\nNumber pr. ct.\\nCured or improved 1,208 62.6\\nStationary or worse 437 22.6\\nDead 284 14.8\\nNumber of patients 1,929\\nDr. Jones states, p. 280, that late investigation seems to\\nindicate that the comparative infrequency of phthisis among\\ninhabitants residing in elevated regions, is due not so much\\nto mere altitude as to the absence of organic matter in the\\natmosphere of these high elevations. It is now established\\nbeyond all doubt, that organic substances, whether gaseous\\nproducts of putrefactive processes, microscopic germs float-\\ning in the atmosphere, when they reach the bronchial tubes\\nin the inspired air, are capable of exerting morbid processes\\nwhich lead to serious results. These deleterious organic sub-\\nstances, which are constantly inhaled in the lower strata of\\nthe atmosphere, are one of the strongest arguments against\\nsending patients to Florida. The question naturally arises,\\nhas Dr. Jones, or any other competent observer, examined\\nthe air of Florida microscopically We have not been\\nfavored with a visit from Ehrenburg, Tyndall, or Angus\\nSmith, and Dr. Jones, without any authority or reason, con-\\ndemns the atmosphere of this State, and endeavors to injure", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "59\\nFlorida as a climatic resort, and as a place of permanent\\nresidence. Correctly speaking (as regards the surface of\\nthe earth), the atmo3phere which surrounds St. Paul is no\\nhigher than that of Jacksonville, but the greater number of\\ninhabitants and cesspools in the former, may cause more\\nimpurity of air than in the latter. If St. Paul was situated\\non an eminence 2,000 to 6,000 feet above the level of the\\nadjoining country, Dr. Jones organism theory would have\\na slight basis. According to the investigations of Ehren-\\nburg and Sylvestrie, sand, earth and microscopic organic\\nforms can be transported in the atmosphere for long dis-\\ntances. The air of Berlin has been found to contain organ-\\nisms derived from the African desert. Independent of\\nlarger substances, the air is found to contain numerous\\nliving creatures, some lifted from the ground by winds,\\nothers growing in the air. Ehrenburg discovered over 200\\nforms. These can be dried, and retain their vitality for\\nyears. Minnesota is surrounded by other States where\\norganisms do exist, and it requires but a few hours or days\\nfor the winds to carry objectionable substances from Illi-\\nnois, Michigan, New York, Louisiana, or Florida to Minne-\\nsota. If Dr. Jones theory regarding foreign substances in\\nthe air is correct, Florida is a more suitable place as a\\nclimatic resort than Minnesota. It is admitted bj all scien-\\ntists that foreign substances and minute organisms are\\nmore abundant in land than sea air in fact, sea air is\\nnoted for its purity. Minnesota is surrounded by other\\nStates, and is favored by the winds with their impurities.\\nFlorida is nearly surrounded by the ocean, and as it is gen-\\nerally fanned by sea breezes, the air must be comparatively\\npure, and Dr. Jones statement is untenable.*\\nAt p. 283, Dr. Jones asks the question Why is consumption\\nso frequent in Florida? At p. 289 he answers it, by stating: It\\nneed scarcely be repeated, that this marine atmosphere is a fruitful\\nsource of mischief to consumptives, as indicated by the large death\\nrate to those persons residing in situations where this influence is\\noperative. It is not surprising that Florida should suffer from this\\nscourge, when we remember that it is a peninsula, and therefore ex-\\nposed on two sides to this oceanic influence. Florida does suffer\\nfrom a scourge, but it is not phthisis\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it suffers from adverse and\\nunreliable statements of writers.\\nTo establish his theory, he asserts, at p. 274, that consumption is\\nunknown in Iceland, and that Sweden and Norway are almost\\nexempt from this disease. He also cites Nova Scotia to prove his\\nposition. Iceland is surrounded on four sides by water. Sweden\\nand Norway form a peninsula Nova Scotia is a peninsula, and more\\nnearly surrounded by water than Florida. The writer must possess", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60\\nThe entire gist of Dr. Jones paper, is to prove that trop-\\nical climates are productive of phthisis that they are\\nunsuitable for the treatment of phthisis. That the warm,\\nmoist climate of Florida acts as an internal poultice, soft-\\nening the morbid mass [tubercles], and thereby hastening\\nthe fatal end. That the effects of a hot, humid atmosphere\\nupon the skin, is either to entirely suppress cutaneous per-\\nspiration, or to reduce it to a minimum. Indisposition to\\nexertion, either physical or mental, due in part to humidity,\\nsuppression of the insensible perspiration, and to heat, is\\na serious drawback to a patient s improvement. A certain\\namount of exercise in the open air is the sine qua non to the\\nsuccessful treatment of a patient with phthisis. Florida\\nwould be unfit for a patient to visit, for this reason if for no\\nother. Dr. Jones object is apparently to lead the public\\nto believe that Florida is a hot and humid climate.\\nBut we have proven that the mean relative humidity of\\nFlorida for the entire year is but 1.7 per cent, above that of\\nMinnesota and during the cold months, it is 1.8 per cent,\\nlower.\\nThe statements of Dr. Jones will lead his readers to be-\\nlieve that Florida is always hot, and -that the sun is always\\nvertical but for the five cold months the mean temperature\\nfor this city is but 58.7 a close approach to the ideal cli-\\nmate recommended by standard authorities for the climatic\\ntreatment of patients during the winter months.*\\na bad memory, and forget what he stated on p. 274, or else his\\ngeographical knowledge is defective. His geographical description\\nof Florida establishes the fact that he is geographically ignorant of\\nthe State he denounces. He asserts that Florida is a peuiusnla. It\\npossesses a peninsular, and a non-peninsular portion, and the latter is\\n300 miles long.\\nDr. Jones asserts that Florida is hot, and by this expression\\nhis readers are led to believe that Minnesota is cool durmg the sum-\\nmer months. To illustrate the meteorology of St. Paul, he introduces\\ntables for the year 1878, and, for purposes of comparison, we shall\\nuse data for the same year.\\nMaximum temperature for the hot months for year 1878\\nSt. Paul, Minn....\\nPunta Rassa, Fla.\\nKey West, Fla....\\nJacksonville. Fla.\\nH\\nH\\nH\\nP\\nH\\na\\nj\\nP\\nAi\\np\\nP\\nfA\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-s\\nZO\\n87\u00c2\u00b0\\n9()\u00c2\u00b0\\n94\\n94\u00c2\u00b0\\n92\\n91\\n92\\n90\\n94\\n93\\n94\\n92\\n96\\n97\\n98. f)\\n92\\n92.7\u00c2\u00b0\\n90.1\\n93.2 93.\\n95.9\\nFrom these data it will be seen that the mean of maximum tern-", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "61\\nIn this connection, I cannot refrain from quoting the\\nstatement of the eminent Prof. Reuhle, of Boun The\\ninvestigations of Heirsh, have shown that neither the geo-\\ngraphical position, nor the temperatuie of a region have\\nanything to do with the prevalence of consumption. There\\nare regions in all zones which are free from this disease,\\nand, on the other hand, there is no zone in which it is not\\nvery preval^-nt. While it is very rare in Iceland, in the\\nisland of Marstrand, on the steppes of Kerghis. in the\\ninterior of Egypt, on the Plateaus of Mexico, Costa Rica,\\nin Peru, and in the interior of South Africa, it is, on the\\nother hand, very common in Sweden, as well as in India\\nand Siberia, as well as in Australia and South America.\\nReferring to the causes, a moist atmosphere, currents of air,\\nand certain winds, he remarks Nothing is known regard-\\ning modus operandi of these causes, except that they pro-\\nduce catarrhal and inflammatory respiratory diseases, which\\nmay become the starting point of consumption, and that\\nthey are apt to induce a rapid increase when this affection\\nalready exists. I have quoted from the paper of Dr. Jones,\\nand the views of an eminent Professor a man who was\\nconsidered worthy to be appointed the successor of Prof.\\nNeumayer.\\nAt page 297, Dr. Jones states That it is during the\\nfirst stage ol consumption that invalids derive so much ben-\\nefit from a visit to Minnesota. I cannot insist too strongly\\nupon the inutility of sending phthisical patients to this State\\nwho are in the advanced stages of the disease. It is my\\nbelief that when the stage of ulceration and excavation has\\nbeen reached, this climate will do harm.\\nHere we have the authority of a distinguished resident of\\nMinnesota, that the climate of that State is injurious after\\nsoftening has commenced, and as he condemns Southern\\nCalifornia, Colorado, Florida, and Mediterranean climatic\\nresorts, there is nothing left for a patient, after tubercles\\nhave commenced softening, but to give up all hope and set\\nhis house in order. We opine, that if Dr. Jones would\\nvmt Florida, and inhale our dry, bracing and invigorating\\nperatures for Punta Rassa, for year 1878, was 2.6 deg. below St. Paul,\\naud that the mean of three stations in this State exceeded that of St.\\nPaul by three-tenths of one degree. But he neglects to inform hi8\\nreaders that the nights in Florida are cooler and more invigorating\\nthan in the North and West, and that the days are longer in the\\nNorth than in Florida, and that the rays of the sun in the North are\\nlonger concentrated on the earth s surface, with a proportionately\\nBhorter night for coolipg by radiation.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\nail and question some of our oldest and most experienced\\nphysicians, he would advise invalids to visit Florida in pref-\\nerence to Minnesota.\\nI must apologize for occupying so much of your time with\\nthe assertions of Dr. Jones. But if his views of Florida are\\ncorrect, they should have world-wide publicity, for thereby\\nthousands of invalids will be benefited. If his statements\\nare incori ect, common humanity and justice to this State,\\ndemand that they should be exposed, as they are calculated\\nto mislead those who are suffering from a disease which\\nannually destroys a large portion of the human family. My\\nremarks are not intended to injure Minnesota, but to correct\\nthe statements of Dr. Jones, pul lished in a Medical Journal,\\nand reprinted in pamphlet form for general distribution.\\nHis statements have been widely circulated, and if errone-\\nous, they should be contradicted.*\\nOther localities in this State may present greater climatic\\nadvantages and attractions than Jacksonville as a winter\\nresort yet, as it is the metropolis and objective and dis-\\ntributing point of the State, and as definite and reliable\\ndata can be obtained regarding its meteorology, diseases\\nand mortality, I shall offer no apoloy for making a special\\nreference to it.\\nIt possesses a large number of hotels, many of them in\\nappointments, home comforts, and cuisine equal those of\\nNorthern cities. The boarding-houses are numerous and\\ncomfortable, and in some, the tables are supplied with every\\nnecessary and luxury. Some benevolent ladies have erected\\na large and well arranged brick hospital, where invalids can\\nobtain the comforts of a liome on reasonable terms. The\\nriver St. Johns affords every facility for rowing and sailing,\\nand daily steamboat excursions are made in various direc-\\ntions. Through the medium of steamships, steamboats and\\nrailroads, any portion of the State can be cheaply and com-\\nfortably reached. Owing to the location of this city (a few\\nmiles from the ocean), the easterly winds have to pass over\\nthe land and are robbed of their saline particles, harshness\\nand stimulating effects upon the irritable mucous mem-\\nbranes of the air passages. Sources of amusement are\\naumei ous, and the invalid can find means of diverting his\\nI opened a correspondence with Dr. Jones, and in my last com-\\nmunication, mailed several weeks since, I enclosed reliable and\\nofficial tables illustrating the mean relative humidity of Minnesota\\nand Florida, and pointedly asked the s^cntleman if he had not mis-\\nrepresented the climate of Florida with regard to humidity. Up to\\nto-day (Aug. 27th), I have not been favored with a reply.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "63\\nattention from his ailments. The mean relative humidity\\nof any winter resort is an important factor, and with regard\\nto atmospheric humidity, this city has been grossly misrep-\\nresented.\\nTo correct prevailing errors, which have been industri-\\nously propagated by ignorant or interested parties, we shall\\npresent the following report, kindly furnished by J. W.\\nSmith, the intelligent observer in charge of the Signal Sta-\\ntion in this city\\nMEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY OP JACKSONVILLE,\\nFLORIDA.\\nYears.\\na\\na\\nu\\ns\\na\\ni-s\\nFebruary.\\n-a\\no\\nOS\\n1=^\\nAnnual mean\\n1875, 76\\n1876, 77\\n1877, 78\\n1878, 79\\n1879, 80\\nper ct.\\n78.9\\n68.2\\n71.8\\n70.0\\n70.5\\nper ct.\\n71.1\\n64.5\\n70.0\\n66.3\\n74.6\\nper ct.\\n67.8\\n73.6\\n67.8\\n65.0\\n77.1\\nper ct.\\n70.4\\n69.0\\n68.5\\n65.0\\n69.4\\nper ct.\\n60.2\\n63.5\\n66.4\\n66.0\\n63.7\\nper ct.\\n69.7\\n67.8\\n68.9\\n66.5\\n71.1\\nyear.\\n1875\\n1876\\n1877\\n1878\\n1879\\npr ct.\\n70.3\\n67.2\\n69.3\\n68.7\\n69.7\\nMean for 5\\nyears\\n71.9\\n69.3\\n70.3\\n08.4\\n63.9\\n68.8\\n69.0\\nThus, you will perceive that Jacksonville possesses a lower\\nmean relative humidity than most of the celebrated winter\\nresorts. There is one important point to which I wish to\\ndirect your attention, and that is the remarkably low per-\\ncentage of humidity during the much dreaded month of\\nMarch the mean for five years being but G3.9, as against\\n73.3 at Mentone, 76.8 at Atlantic Citv, 79.5 at Breckenridge,\\nMinn., 68.4 at Nassau, N. P., and 67.1 at St. Paul. When\\nreferring to the effects of change of climate, Dr. Madden\\nremarks The temperature of a locality, to which so much\\nimportance is popularly assigned, is no criterion of its cli-\\nmate as a health resort, the fact being, that invalids are\\npainfully sensible of variations in the hygromelric state of the\\natmosphere, which are in no way indicated by the thermom-\\neter, 80 much relied on.\\nThe thermometric range in this city is not too high nor\\ntoo low. As evidence of this, we find the mean temperature\\nfor the five cold months, for five years, to be, for November,\\n62.1 deg. December, 55.8 deg. January, 56.2 deg.; Febru-\\nary, 56.9 deg.; March, 62.7 deg.; mean for five months,\\n58.7 deg.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64\\nDr. Lente, p. 17, wben discussing temperature as a con-\\nstituent of climate, and referring to certain winter resorts\\nnorth of Florida, remarks A mean winter temperature\\nof about 48 deg. is too low to entice many of the feeble in-\\nvalids out of doors, except in calm and sunshiny weather.\\nBut in some of them, this degree of cold is enhanced, as far\\nas the sensations are concerned, by the winds, which fre-\\nquently prevail. At such times, most invalids will, there-\\nfore, be found hovering over the comfortable wood fires,\\nand will be pretty sure to keep all the apertures of their\\nchambers closed at night, thus depriving themselves, during\\nby far the greater part of the twenty-four hours, of the pi in-\\ncipal means of cure. In Florida, the sun shines so brightly,\\nthe air is so balmy, the songs of the birds so enlivening, and\\nthe orange trees in their bloom, or laden with their golden\\nfruit, lend such a charm to the outlook from the windows,\\nthat the most indolent or the most cold-blooded invalid feels\\nlittle inclined to stay indoors.\\nProf. J. Hughes Bennett, of the University of Edinburgh,\\nremarks And when, in our own country, the question\\narises Where shall we send the consumptive patient in\\norder to avoid our changeable climate and cold winter winds\\nin winter we naturally say To a land where, during that\\nportion of the year, the weather is warm and equable.\\nMuch has been written on climate, but the one which ap-\\npears to me best, is that which will enable the phthisical\\npatient to pass a few he urs every day in the open air, with-\\nout exposure to cold or the vicissitudes of temperature on\\nthe one hand, or excessive heat on the other.*\\nWith the exception of the month of December, fogs are\\nseldom seen, and when they do occur, they ai e not dense,\\nand disappear as soon as the sun appears above the horizon.\\nInterested parties have intimated that the city of Jackson-\\nville is a rainy locality, and, in consequence, an unsuit-\\nable place for invalids. To correct this eiTor, we will\\nfurnish data applicable to a few winter resorts, from reliable\\nsources\\n^b^\\nBennett s Practice of Medicine, pp. 326, 476.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "65\\nRAIN-FALL IN INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS.\\nNice\\nMentone\\nNervi\\nGenoa\\nAtlantic City, N. J.\\nAugusta, Ga\\nJacksonville. Fla..\\nKey West, Fla\\nPunta Rassa, Fla..\\no\\n|i\\n28\\na\\nl4\\no\\na\\nQ\\nOS\\n1\\no\\n2.89\\n5.11\\n4.12\\n3.06\\n1.68\\n9\\n5.34\\n3.15\\n1.70\\n2.18\\n4.13\\n7\\n6.00\\n4.88\\n4.78\\n28.3\\n4.49\\n29\\n7.GI\\n4.86\\n4.39\\n4.27\\n3.59\\n5\\n4.61\\n3.60\\n2.76\\n2.10\\n3,86\\n5\\n4.56\\n3.09\\n3.70\\n3.64\\n5.65\\n5\\n3.02\\n3.38\\n2.34\\n5.14\\n2.84\\nr\\n2.43\\n1.38\\n2.18\\n2.22\\n0.94\\n5\\n2.38\\n0.99\\n1.69\\n2.67\\n1.04\\na\\n16.86\\n16.. 50\\n23.40\\n24.72\\n16.93\\n20.64\\n16.62\\n9.10\\n8.77\\nWe have referred to sunshine asf an important aid in the\\ntreatment of disease and broken health, and as an evidence\\nthat Florida is favored with sunshine and fair weather, and\\nnot cloudy, foggy and raiuy weather, as interested parties\\nhave asserted, I shall direct your attention to the following\\nmeteorological data, furnished by J. W. Smith, the Observer\\nin charge of this station\\nMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FROM SIGNAL OFFICE U. S. A.,\\nJACKSONVILLE, FLA.\\nDate.\\n1874\u00e2\u0080\u009418\\n187.5\u00e2\u0080\u00941876\\n1876\u00e2\u0080\u00941877\\n1877-1878\\n1878\u00e2\u0080\u00941879\\nAverage.\\n1874\u00e2\u0080\u00941875\\n1875\u00e2\u0080\u00941876\\n1876\u00e2\u0080\u00941877\\n1877\u00e2\u0080\u00941878\\n1878\u00e2\u0080\u00941879\\nAverage.\\nRainy days.\\nNov. Dec. Jan. Feb. M ch\\n14\\n10\\n5\\n9\\n8.6\\n6\\n4\\n1(\u00c2\u00bb\\n9\\n7.4\\n10\\n8\\n6\\n10\\n9\\n8.6\\nRemarks.\\nEainy days, all\\ndavs on which rain\\nfell.\\nCloudy days.\\nNov.\\n6\\n10\\n9\\n7.4\\nDec.\\nJan.\\nFeb.\\n6\\n12\\n3\\n4\\n5\\n7\\n3\\n2\\n10\\n11\\n11\\n9\\n11\\n.5\\n11\\n8.\\n7.\\nM ch.\\n7\\n10\\n4\\n6.2\\n37.4 days in 5 months\\n35.6 cloudy days 5 ms\\nJ. W. Smith, Observer in charge.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66\\nWben a day is raarked rainy, but a few drops may have\\nfallen, and it is no evidence lluit tije entiie day was rainy.\\nA measurable or a non-ineasurable quantity njay fall in a\\nfew minutes, and the remainder of the day be bri^^ht and\\nclear. In Florida, the rains are frequently torrential in\\nshort severe bursts, followed by brigut and clear weather.\\nFor the purposes of comparison, wo will refer to the num-\\nber of rainy days during the cold months in Jacksonville,\\nMentone, and St. Paul.\\nRAINY DAYS (INCLUDING SNOW.)\\nThis city is built on a sand bant, where the drainage is\\nperfect. In many situations, wells have to be sunk ibrough\\nsand to a depth of from fifteen to twenty-two feet before a\\nsupply of water is obtained. Great attention is paid to\\nsanitation, and in this respect Jacksonville is not excelled or\\nequalled by any city m the South. Dry-earth closets have\\nbeen enforced by ordinance. Recently the city has been\\neffectively sewered, by the laying of drain pipes in the streets\\nto carry off storm water and sewage. Water works of the\\nmost perfect description have been constructed at a large\\noutlay. No layer of clay is found between the surface and\\nthe permanent water supply, and as a result, the soil is dry\\nand warm. The sandy soil upon which tD.e city is built, con-\\ntains but a minimum amount of vegetable matter, and, as a\\nconsequence, health is the rule. To illustrate the mortality\\nof this city, I appealed to our efficient and intelligent\\nHealth Officer, Dr. Knight, and received the following com-\\nmunication\\nHealth Department City of Jacksokville,\\nApril 10, 1880.\\nDr. G. J. Kenworihy\\nDear Sir A careful examination of the Mortuary Re-\\nports in the City Sexton s office, reveals the following facts\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Dr. Jones, N. Y. Med. Jour,, lb79, p. 2S7r\\nLofC.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "67\\nPrevious to 1878, the records were imperfectly kept and are not\\nreliable.\\nortality for 1878 119\\nBlortality for 187i) 171\\nMortality for two years 290\\nDi diu-t from this Duniher visitors who died of phthisis,\\nIriglH s disease and organic disease of the heart 40\\nTotal mortality of residents 250\\nPercentage of mortality among residents for two years, per 1,000. .12.5\\nPercentage of deatlis from pUlhisis among residents, per 1,000 ...0.55\\nPercentage of deaths from pulmonary diseases, other than\\nphthisis, per t,000 1.4\\nl-iespectiully yours,\\nA. \\\\V. Knight, M. D., Health Officer.*\\n*As this paper is going throuiih the press, I deem it advisable to\\nrefer to the mortality of Florida and Minnesota. At p. 277, Dr. Jones\\nasserts that Florida, which has been so much vaunted as a sanita-\\nrium for invalids, shows a greater ratio of mortality from phthisis\\ntoday than Jlinnesota. At the time this statement was written, fig-\\nures were not available upon which a statement of this description\\ncould be bised.\\nTo confirm or disprove the statement of Dr. Jones, regarding tho\\nmortality of Florida and Minnesota, I had a compilation of the cen-\\nsus returns made by a competent person and a friend favored me\\nwith a compendium of the Vital Statistics of Minnesota for the year\\n1871). I will append the data and allow the public to form an un-\\nbiased opinion.\\nFLORIDA.\\nMortality per 1,0^0 from all causes 9.2\\nDiaths per 1,000 from consumption, including invalid visitors.. O.GO\\nDeaths per l,0i)0 from consumption, exclading visitors who\\ncame to the Slate in the last and an incurable stage of this\\ndisease 0.44\\nDeaths per 1,000 from pulmonary diseases, other than consump-\\ntion 0.50\\nDeaths per 1.000 among residents from pulmonary diseases, in-\\ncluding consumption 0.94\\nThere was one death from consumption, including visitors, to\\n15.2 from all causes.\\nThere was one death from consumption among residents, to 18.2\\nfrom all causes.\\nThere was one death from pulmonary diseases, to 8.2 from all causes.\\nMINNESOTA.\\nMortality per 1,000 from all causes 11.2\\nMortality per 1,000 from consumption 1. 12\\nMortality per J, 000 from pulmonary diseases, other than con-\\nsumption 0.65\\nDeaths per l,iioo from all pulmonary diseases 1.77\\nThere was one death from consumption to ten from all causes.\\nThere was one death from pulmonary diseases to six from all cau.se8.\\nIt is gratifying to fiiud that the mortality of Minnesota is so low;\\nand that Florida to-dav holds the prominent position for salubrity\\nthat she did in 18G0 and 1870.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68\\nSince this paper was printed, the semi-monthlv Mortuary\\nBeport of the cit} of Jacksonville has been published by\\nDr. Knight, and we find that the\\nDeath rate of the first six months of the present year was, per\\n1,000 10.6\\nDeduct from total deaths 37 nou-residents, who died of phthisis\\nand chronic heart disease, and the actual mortality among\\nresidents was 6.9\\nDeaths from consumption among residents 0.\\nDuring the years 78 and 79, the mortality from phthisis\\namong residents was surprisingly low 0.55 a fraction over\\none-half of one per cent, per 1,000, and for the first six\\nmonths of 1880, not a death occurred among the resident\\npopulation from consumption. Dr. Jones statements re-\\ngarding the great mortality from phthisis in this State, more\\nespecially among old families, that have resided in the State\\nfor generations, is not sustained by the above reliable data.\\nIt is gratifying to find that the mortality i rom phthisis\\nand other pulmonary diseases is so low, more especially as\\nit has been denounced as an unsuitable climate for the treat-\\nment of such cases, and the public led to believe that\\nphthisis is of frequent occurrence here. If the mortality\\nfrom these diseases is so light, it is evident that the climate\\nmust be favorable for invalids suffering from such affections.\\nTo illustrate the mortality of a number of cities, we shall\\nquote from the Annual Health Report from the city of\\nYonkers, for 1879, showing the vital statistics of American\\ncities for the year 1879\\nCities. Rate per 1,000.\\nCities.\\nKate per 1,000.\\nNew York, N. Y 24.93\\nBrooklyn, N. Y 20.1.5\\nBuffalo, N. Y U.l J\\nRocliester, N. Y 1G.24\\nYonkers, N. Y 14.1G\\nPlattsburgh, N. Y 2.5.00\\nNewburgh, N. Y 17 30\\nBoston, Mass 21.. 53\\nWorcester, Mass .19.25\\nCambridge, Mass 19. 67\\nLynn, Mass 18 G3\\nNewburyport, Mass ...17.11\\nConcord, N. H 13.20\\nBurlington, Vt lO.GS\\nHudson county, N. J 20.0S\\nNew Haven, Conn 17.99\\nHartford, Conn 10. 07\\nProvidence, R. 1 19.89\\nPhiladelphia, Pa 17.9G\\nPittsburgh, Pa 21.16\\nWilmington, Del 21.02\\nDistrict of Columbia 26..58\\nRichmond, Va 18.40\\nNorfolk, Va 21.91\\nMilwaukee, Wis 14.35\\nCincinnati, 17.23\\nCleveland, O 16.72\\nBaltimore, Md 21.,53\\nEvausville, Ind 19.52\\nChicngo, 111 16..50\\nSt. Louis, Mo 12.00\\nSalt Lake City 14.00\\nSan Francisco, Cal 15.80\\nNew Orleans, La .50.17\\nMobile, Ala 23.05\\nSavannah, Ga 30.25\\nCharleston, S. C 29.16\\nNashville, Tenn 23.11\\nJacksonville, Fla 12.5*", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "69\\nTo illustrate the mortality from plithisis in a few cities,\\nwe shall quote from Copeland s Dictionary of Practical Med-\\nicine\\nla Berlin, there was 1 death from phthisis to 5.7 deaths\\nfrom all causes in London, 1 to G.2 Paris, 1 to 5.5\\nHamburgh, 1 to 4.6 Stuttgardt, 1 to 4.7 New York, 1 to\\n5.0 Philadelphia, 1 to 7.7 Baltimore, 1 to 6.7 Boston, 1\\nto 5.9 Florence, 1 to 11.5; Jacksonville,* including invalid\\nvisitors, 1 to 0.44 in Jacksonville there was one death from\\nphthisis among residents to 0.10, and for the first six months\\nof this year, not a death among residents.\\nAs a result of having expressed myself so positively re-\\ngarding the influence of climate in the treatment of disease,\\nyou must not conclude that I am disposed to ignore the use\\nof drugs and rational medication. How often do we see\\ninvalids at a health resort deluding themselves with the idea\\nthat climate alone will effect a cure. In some cases, patients\\nare ordered to a winter resort without any instructions for\\ntheir guidance, save to throw physic to the dogs. When\\npatients reach a climatic resort, they fancy themselves re-\\nleased from the observance of medical rules, which are as\\nnecessary at health resorts as at their homes. They do not\\nseem to realize the fact that they ai e invalids, and that they\\nhave left homes and friends to regain their health, but they\\nthoughtlessly expose themselves, indulge their appetites,\\nand are guilty of many imprudent acts. Through their own\\nwaywardness and imprudence, they aggravate disease, and\\nthe climate is censured. The invalid who seeks climatic\\nchange for the relief of his disease, should remember the old\\nSalernitan precept\\nSi iibi deficiant medici, medici tibi fiant,\\nHcec tria, mens laeta, requires moderata dieta.\\nMuch may be done by physicians at climatic resorts to\\naid patients in regaining their health, when suffering from\\nphthisis, in the way of regulating exercise and bathing,\\nrecommending suitable points for residence, restoring the\\ntone of the digestive organs, directing the quantity and\\nquality of food, relieving cough and myalgia,, arresting night\\nsweats, haemoptysis, and diarrhoea, the treatment of dia-\\nthetic states, and last, though not least, the improvement of\\nnutrition.\\nIn this State, we have favorable climatic factors to nid in\\nthe cure of disease, and it rests with you, gentlemen, to\\nReport of Dr. Knight, Health Officer.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70\\nmaintain and guard the g;ood reputation of the American\\nItally to keep pace with the rapid strides of pulmonary\\ndiagnosis, pathology and therapeutics, so that those who are\\nintrusted to your cai-e, may receive the benefits of enlight-\\nened and rational treatment.\\nFacility (f access of a health resort is a matter of great\\nimportance. It is obvious that a patient should be sent to\\na locality which can be reached by an easy journey, and in\\ncase of need, communicate with home and be reached by\\nfriends. In this respect our favored State possesses many\\nadvantages It can be easily and rapidly reached from the\\nKorth and West by through trains and sleeping-cars, and\\nfrom Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and New\\nOrleans, by fast, staunch and palatial steamships.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "if Siiilj il\u00c2\u00a7)rii Siilsf IS\\nThe only All-Rail Route and Fast\\nMail Passenger Line to and\\nfrom Florida South-\\nern Georgia.\\nThe speedy completion of the Waycross Short Line, whereby a saving of\\na distance of nearly one hundred miles, and of some seven or eight hours in\\ntime, between Savannah and Jacksonville, is effected, will render this old and\\nfavorite route more popular than ever.\\nUnprecedented Fast Schedules,\\nElegantly Equipped Passenger Trains,\\nNew Track with Steel Rails\\nAnd Fish Bar Joints,\\nIron Bridges, Westinghouse Air-Brakes,\\nMiller Platforms, Janney Couplers, New and\\nPowerfol Engines, Palace Sleeping\\nand Drawing Room Coaches,\\nEntire Trains Through Without Change between\\nSavannah and Jacksonville.\\nFor Speed, Safety and Comfort in a journey between the North and West,\\nand the\\nFAMOUS WINTEM MMBOBTS OF FLOMIJDA^\\nBe sure your Tickets read via the ALL-RAIL SHORT LINE.\\nH. S. HAINES, Gen l Manager.\\nJAS. L. TAYLOR, C. D. OWENS,\\nGen l Pass. Ag t. Gen l Agent,\\n315 Broadway, New York.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "IP con if\\nSouthern Freight and Passenger Route\\nBETWEEN\\nNEW YORK and GEORGIA,\\nFLORIDA, ALABAMA,\\nThe SOUTH and SOUTHWEST.\\nLeaving NEW YORK and SAVANNAH every WEDNESDAY and\\nSATURDAY. The Company s Fleet consists of the New Iron Screw\\nSteamships\\nCITY OF AUGUSTA,\\nCITY OF COLUMBUS,\\nCITY OF MACON,\\nGATE CITY,\\nCITY OF SAVANNAH,\\nCapt. Nickerson.\\nCapt. Fisher.\\nCapt. Kempton.\\nCapt. Daggett.\\nCapt. Fleetwood.\\nThese Steamers are of great strength and speed. Their accommodations\\nfor passengers are unsurpassed by any ships leaving the port of New York.\\nEach is provided with an Electric Light which enables them to use the night\\ntides in Savannah River when necessary.\\nThe average passage between New York and Savannah is less than sixty\\nhours.\\nThrough Bills Lading and Tickets over Central Railroad of Georgia, Sa-\\nvannah, Florida Western Railway, Inland and Outside Steamers to Florida.\\nFor information apply to\\nGEO. YONGE, Af/ent, G. M. SOBREL, Agent,\\nPier 35, New York. Savannah, Ga.\\nHEN BY YONGE, Jr., General Agent,\\nNo. 317 Broadway, New York.", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "MERCHANTS AND MINERS\\nTRANSPORTATION CO.\\nThe Steamships of this Company ply regularly between\\nSavannah and Baltimore,\\nBaltimore and Boston, and\\nBaltimore and Providence.\\nLeaving Savannah and Baltimore every Five Days.\\nThe Baltimore Eo^ite Is the Iilost Direct between the U ad West. It\\nis also the most Economical and Quickest.\\nThe Steamers are first-class in every respect, with excellent accommo-\\ndations for Passengers. Reduced Rates of Passage to\\nEmigrants from Baltimore and all\\nPoints West and Southwest.\\nThis Company s Steamers are specially arranged for the transportation of\\nFruit and Vegetables, and Through Bills of Lading, at low rates, will be\\nissued.\\nA. L. HUGGIiNS, Agrent, JAS. B. WEST 00., Agents,\\nBaltimore, Md. 114 Bay St., Savannah.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "THE mm SEAT or m county, Florida,\\nIS A THRIVING VILLAGE, WITH\\nfWi i^ffii Ml lit?\\nComfortable Boarding Houses,\\nIHREE OB FOyR CHURCHES, DAIEY MAILS AND A TELEGRAPII\\nIt is situated on the West bank of the St. Johns-\\nEiver, thirty miles South of Jacksonville, and a dozen\\nor more Steamboats stop at its wharves dail3\\\\\\nThe water of the celebrated White Sulphur Spring,\\ntlie flow from which is equal tojhree thousand gallons per\\nminute, has long been noted for its efficacy in Rheu-\\nmatism and Kidney Affections. The temperature of the\\nwater remaining uniformly at 72^, Bathing in the Swim-\\nming Pools is enjoyed throughout the year. Hot Baths\\nare supplied, to those who prefer them, in the Clarendon\\nHotel, which fronts upon the Spring grounds.\\nDr. S. Rogers is Resident Physician during the Winter\\nSeason.\\nDr. W. D. Colmar, of Florida, and Dr. M. O. Arnold,\\nrecently of Iowa, reside here permanently.\\nThe town of Green Cove Spring is located on what is\\nknown as the Bayard Tract. This body of land was\\ngranted by the Spanish government to the Surveyor-", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "General of the Colony. Shortly after Florida was ceded\\nto the United States, the tract was purchased from the\\ngrantee by General D. L. Clinch, The grant was sub-\\nsequently confirmed by the Supreme Court of the United\\nStates. The title of the present owner, the son of Genj\\nClinch, is therefore perfect.\\nDURING THE SUMMER OF 1880,\\nh M was IMM into Lois of 23 d iO Hofos,\\nWHICH ARE NOW\\nBY THE UNDERSIGNED AS AGENT FOR COL. HOUSTOUN CLINCH^\\nTHESE LOTS COMl RISE\\nill Hiisi \u00c2\u00a71 ilfii ifiil\\nAFFORDING BEAUTIFUL SITES FOR RESIDENCES AND\\nORANGE GROVES.\\nTI-IOTJSillTDS cr* ACnSS O^ RIDGE Z^JLHTD.\\nNo land in Florida is better adapted to the cultiva-\\ntion of the Orange, and no locality anywhere can be more\\nhealthy.\\nLarge bodies of the best Sugar, Cotton, Corn and\\nVegetable Land in East Florida.\\nTOWN LOTS IN GREEN COVE SPRINGS.\\n77ie most beatitiful River F^ont o/t the St. jto/ins.\\nALSO, A NUMBER OF IMPROVED FARMS.\\nFor fuller information address\\nC, C. ^JEMIS, ^^gertt,\\nGreen Cove Spring, Clay County, Fla.", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTHERN MAIL\\nSTEAMSHIP COMPANY.\\nsteamship JUNIATA, Capt. J. W. Catharine.\\nSteamship CHAS. W. LORD, Capt. L. Colton.\\nThese first-class and finely-appointed Steamers ply regularly between\\nPHILADELPHIA and SAVANNAH, leaving each port on SATURDAY.\\nconnecting at Savannah with the\\nCENTRAL RAILROAD OF GEORGIA,\\nSAVANNAH, FLORIDA WESTERN RAILWAY,\\nAnd FLORIDA STEAMERS.\\nThrough Passage Tickets and Bills of Lading issued to All Principal\\nPoints South and Southwest at rates as low as the published rates of\\ncompeting lines. JJ\u00c2\u00ae-- THROUGH TICKETS from\\nIncluding transfer o. Passengers and Baggage from Steamer s Wharf to\\nRailroad Depot at Philadelphia, can be obtained of the Agents of the Line at\\nSavannah. SUPERIOR CABIN and STEERAGE ACCOMMODA-\\nTIONS. Apply to or address WM. L. JAMES,\\nGeneral Agent, 424 South Delaware Avenue, Philadelphia.\\nWM. HUNTER SON,\\n100 Bay Street, Savannah, Ga.\\n3477-26S\\nLot 1^", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "^a^c,V\\n^oV\\n^U.rS\\nc\u00c2\u00b0\\\\.\\n-i^^\\n.Hq.\\n\\\\v\\n0^ el i V^ V^ .\u00c2\u00bbJ.*^ C^j\\nr.-^", "height": "2932", "width": "1820", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "o V\u00c2\u00b0\\nxOv-\\no^\\n.V\\nvv\\n\\\\S^^** V\\n,1* A TTT* 0^ o, o~.\\n^^vV oV^==^^ ^^Mm^^*. ^i.^ V c ^^^^it^ \u00c2\u00abf\\nv*o^\\nbV\\no_\\n.4^ ^0\\nsP- v", "height": "2937", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3197", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "climatologyofflo00kenw_0088.jp2"}}