{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2746", "width": "1647", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "4 O", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "vO *l.-^\\nV\\nU^. d^iA\\\\ v./ /^fe v V.^*\\n.--^^Wt\\n.0 o\\nA\\nv.^^\\nr-^^.\\n^0\\nV-0^\\n^oK", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "OLD\\nSt.\\nUGUSTINE\\nA Story of Three Centuries\\nBY y\\nCHARLES B: REYNOLDS\\nILLUSTRATED WITH ARTOTYPES AND FAC-SIMILE ENGRAVINGS\\nSt. a u l. um iw k; I lorid a\\nE. H. REYNOLDS\\n1886", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Copyiij;ht, 1886.\\nBy Charles B. Reynolds.\\nAll Rights Reserved.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Old St. Augustine.\\nUnstable as the ever shifting sands of its harbor bar\\nhave been the changing fortunes of St. Augustine. To\\ntell the story, briefly, clearly and with accuracy of histori-\\ncal detail, is the endeavor in the following chapters.\\nSome of the illustrations are from drawings by old-time\\nartists, who were actors here in the scenes of long ago.\\nSome have been printed on the camera by the sunlight\\nof to-day; they are new pictures, but of such things as\\nare old the massive walls of a decaying fortress, the\\npillars of a crumbling gateway, an ancient cathedral, a\\nmore ancient palm tree. All are memorials which speak\\nof the past, for this is our theme.\\nThe purpose of the book will be attained, if with its aid\\nthe reader shall see the St. Augustine of the present\\ntinged and illumined with the light of its past.\\nSt. Augustine, Florida.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "THE COOUINA EDITION.\\nThe binding of the present edition is a reproduction\\nby photographic process of coquina, the building stone\\npeculiar to St. Augustine. This is a natural concretion\\nof shells and shell fragments, found in extensive deposits\\non the island opposite the town. Fort Marion, the city\\ngateway, the seawall, the cathedral, and most of the older\\ndwellings are built of coquina.\\nSeveral illustrations have been added, the most note-\\nworthy one being the fac-simile of the plan of Drake s\\nattack in 1586 the original of which has been secured\\nfor the purpose only after months of patient waiting.\\nWith these additions, the historical illustration of the\\nbook is thought to be complete.\\nJanuary. 1886.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPage\\nI. The Spaniard s Mission, ii\\nII. The Huguenots in Florida, 14\\nIII. The Coming of Menendez, 20\\nIV. Founding a City, 25\\nV. Fort Caroline, 29\\nVI. Matanza, 34\\nVII. French Vengeance, 43\\nVIII. After Twenty Years, 49\\nIX. The English Sea Kings, 51\\nX. The Franciscans, 62\\nXI. The Boucaniers, 69\\nXII. British Cannon Balls, 75\\nXIII. The Minorcans, .8;^\\nXIV. Rangers and Liberty Boys, 91\\nXV. The Old World in the New, 100\\nXVI. The Seminole, 108\\nXVII. Later Years, 118\\nXVIII. Fort Marion,, 125", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPage\\nFort Marion, _ _ Frontispiece.\\nFrom tower of the Hotel San Marco; showing the Harbor,\\nSt. Anastatia Island, and the ocean. Artotype from negative\\n(1885) by H. L. Roberts.\\nA Draught of St. Augustine and Harbor, VI\\nFac-simile from the Map of the West Indies, by Herman\\nMoll, London.\\nThe River OF Dolphins, 15\\nFac-simile of drawing by the French anist Jacques Le Moyne,\\nfrom the first edition of the Brevis Narratio\\\\ Frankfort-on-\\nthe-Main, 1591.\\n^The Pillar of Stone, 17\\nWith the Arms of France. Fac-simile of the drawing by Jacques\\nLe Moyne, from the Brevis Narraiio, 1591.\\n^FoRT Caroline, 31\\nFac-simile of the drawing by Jacques Le Moyne, from the\\nBrevis Narratio^ 1591.\\n-The Assault by Francis Drake, 51\\nFac-simile of the plate in DeBry s.(4\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab^r7V ParsNWX^ Frank-\\nfort-on-the-Main, 1599.\\nSpanish Fort at Matanzas Inlet, 69\\nFormerly defending the approach to St. Augustine from the\\nsouth. Artotype from negative (1884) by W. A. Cox.\\n-Fort Marion, 75\\nFrom the Southwest; showing glacis, southwest bastion and\\nsentry-box, west curtain and east curtain, with sally-port.\\nArtotype from negative (1884) by W. A. Cox.\\n-The Siege by Oglethorpe, 8i\\nFac-simile of a contemporaneous engraving by Thomas Silver.\\nOld House on St. George Street, 83\\nFrom the South. Artotype from negative (1884) by W. A. Cox.\\nOld House on Charlotte Street, 83\\nFrom the South. Artotype from negative (1884) by W. A, Cox.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "viii Illustrations.\\n^RuiNS OF THE City Gateway, 91\\nFrom the Northwest; showing Fort Marion in the distance.\\nArtotype from negative (1884) by W. A. Cox.\\n*The Old Date Palm, 91\\nShowing St. Francis street. Artotype from negative (1884^ by\\nW. A. Cox.\\nPlan of British St. Augustine, 95\\nFac-simile of the engraving by T. Jefferys in the Description\\nof East Florida, by Wm. Stork, London, 1769.\\nRuins OF THE City Gateway, loi\\nLooking in. Artotype from negative (1885) by H. L. Roberts.\\n^FoRT Marion, 114\\nPortion of the west curtain; showing, on the left, fig tree grow-\\ning from the wall; and on the right, casemate through which\\nCoacoochee escaped. Artotype from negative U884) by\\nW. A. Cox.\\nThe Cathedral, 120\\nFrom the Plaza. Artotype from negative (1885) by H. L.\\nRoberts.\\nThe Cathedral, 124\\nFrom the Plaza. Artotype from negative (1884) by W. A. Cox.\\nGarden Overlooking Plaza, 124\\nShowing Spanish Monument. Artotype from Negative (.1884) by\\nW. A Cox.\\nFort Marion, 132\\nInterior, showing portion of court, entrances to casemates, and\\ninclined plane leading to rampart. Artotype from negative\\n(1884) by W. A. Cox.\\nif*^ The Coquina cover is from a negative by E. Bierstadt.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE TIME AND THE ACTORS.\\nFor the beginning of the story we must go back over\\nthree hundred years to the middle of the Sixteenth\\ncentury.\\nIt was an age of romance, when the caravels of\\nColumbus had but just pierced the cloud of mystery\\nand gloom shutting out the west, and all Europe was\\nringing with tales of the wondrous new-found realms\\nbeyond the sunset. It was an age of credulous beliefs\\nand magnificent undertakings, when bold-hearted adven-\\nturers sailed forth in search of El Dorados and empires\\nrich in barbaric treasure. It was the age of Rome s\\ntemporal dominion, when he who held the Keys of St.\\nPeter laid claim to the entire New World, and parceled it\\nout among his faithful children. An age of faith, when\\nin every happening devout believers recognized the direct\\npersonal manifestation of a controlling supreme God; of\\nintense religious feuds, when difference of creed meant\\nenmity the most unrelenting and cruelty the most merci-\\nless; of fanaticism, when deluded men, believing them-\\nselves chosen instruments of the Most High, mistook the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "X The Ti7ne and the Actors.\\ninstigation of the Devil for the inspiration of God; of\\nheroes, when at the hands of such bigots brave men\\nknew how to die rather than surrender the faith that was\\ndear to them; finally, of a new knight errantry, when,\\nindignant at a sovereign s apathy, individuals took\\nupon themselves single-handed the task of avenging\\ntheir martyred countrymen.\\nThese were the times and the actors; and such were\\nthe motives that we shall find reflected in the opening\\nchapters of St. Augustine s strangely chequered history.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "I.\\nTHE SPANIARD S MISSION.\\nPAIN arrogated to herself exclusive dominion of\\nthe New World. Its whole vast territory was\\ndoubly hers, first by right of discovery, and\\nthen by Papal grant.\\nIn Mexico and Peru she had abundantly made good\\nthis claim by the glorious achievements of the Conquista-\\ndors; but in Terra Florida each successive attempt at\\nconquest had resulted in a failure more disastrous than\\nthe last. Expedition after expedition, made up of the\\nflower of Spanish chivalry, had landed on the shores of\\nFlorida, and set out with buoyant step upon a triumphal\\nmarch to win the fabled treasures of the interior; and the\\nforests had closed behind them. Exhausted by their\\nwanderings to and fro, entangled in swamp and hamak,\\nharassed by savage foes, faint with famine and stricken\\nwith fever, one brave band after another had lost courage,\\ngrown disheartened and turned back. From some a\\nhandful of straggling survivors had returned to tell the\\ntale of woe; others had wasted away until the miserable\\nremnant fell into captivity; and still others had perished", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "1^ Old St. Augustine,\\nutterly. The history of Spanish endeavor in Florida had\\nbeen a pitiful record of disappointment. Here amid the\\npines and savannas had been proven the truth of the\\nancient belief that the world beyond the sunset was a\\nworld of misery and death.\\nBut the dream of glory to be attained in Florida was\\nnot yet dispelled. Over the land still hung the halo of\\nromance; within its mysterious forests treasure and fame\\nwere yet waiting to reward the hero whose heart should\\nbe bold to win them; and there was yet one Spaniard, at\\nleast, who, undismayed by the fate of Narvaez and De\\nSoto, would undertake to wipe out the shame of Spanish\\nfailure in North America, and win for himself a place\\nwith the heroes of his age. This new name in the story\\nof Florida adventure was that of Don Pedro Menendez\\nd Avil^s, nobleman, companion of Pizarro, soldier, bigot.\\nIn 1565 Menendez received from the Spanish sovereign,\\nPhilip II., a commission to subdue Florida.\\nThe enterprise was to be a conquest of territory and\\ntreasure; and also much more than this, a mission for the\\nsalvation of souls. The New World was peopled by the\\nheathen lost sheep led away by the Demon; and they\\nmust be brought back into the fold of the Church. To\\nthe standard of Menendez, along with mail-clad warrior\\ncame black-robed priest, with the helmeted knight the\\ncowled friar, beside the banner of Castile was borne aloft\\nthe gilded crucifix, and with pike and arquebuse and\\nother munitions of war were provided the accessories of\\nthe mass.\\nMoreover there was need of haste. A most alarming\\nreport had been brought to Menendez. The soil of", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "The Spaniard s Mission, 13\\nFlorida was polluted by the feet of heretics; the land\\npromised by the Holy Father to the faithful had been\\ninvaded by the children of the Arch-Demon. The tres-\\npassers must be rooted out and exterminated with fire\\nand sword. Upon the instant, the Florida enterprise was\\ntransformed into a holy war and exalted to a crusade.\\nZealots flocked to take part in the pious undertaking.\\nAs a century before, in the far East, their ancestors had\\nwrested the Holy Sepulchre from the hand of the Infidel,\\nso now, in the West, the knights of Biscay and the Astu-\\nrias would rescue the New World from the accursed pro-\\nfanation of the impious heretics. The ranks of the new\\ncrusaders were soon filled; and in June Menendez was\\nprepared to set forth on his mission.\\nWho were these heretics in Florida; and how had they\\ncome here, in defiance of the proclamations of the King\\nof Spain, and in contempt of the anathemas of the Pope\\nof Rome?", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "II.\\nTHE HUGUENOTS IN FLORIDA.\\nHORTLY after mid-day of the 22d of June,\\n1564, the people of the Indian village of\\nSeloy, on the Florida coast, looking out across\\nthe bay and marsh and beyond the drifted sand dunes of\\nthe beach, descried three sails approaching from the\\nsouth. Athwart the bar the strange ships came to anchor;\\nand at 3 o clock in the afternoon two boats put off, and\\nrounding the point of the island opposite the town, rowed\\ntoward the land. In the village all was instant commo-\\ntion. The laborers came in from the maize fields; the\\nfishermen stranded their dug-outs; and the boys left their\\ngame of ball-throwing at the wicker target. Here collected\\nthe warriors, their ear ornaments of inflated fish bladders\\nshining in the sun; and there were gathered the women,\\nclad in kirtles of woven moss, their bangles of silver and\\ngold plates tinkling as they walked. Then, all came\\ntrooping down to the shore to welcome the strangers\\nall save the chief, or Paracoussy, who must needs main-\\ntain the dignity of his savage royalty, and so held aloof,\\nseated in state beneath his palmetto bower.\\nThe new-comers were hailed with great joy, for the\\nIndians recognized them as friends. Their ensigns bore\\nthe Fleur-de-Lis of France; and their leader. Rend de", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "The Huguenots i7i Florida. 15\\nLaudonniere, had been on this same coast two years\\nbefore. At that time the Indians had been treated with\\nsuch kindness that at the departure of the expedition\\nthey had run along the shore, with cries and lamentations\\ni^ewailing the loss of their new-found friends and entreat-\\ning them to remain. Now, overjoyed at the Frenchmen s\\nreturn, the people of Seloy received Laudonniere with\\nthe warmest welcome and overwhelmed him with gifts.\\nBut let him tell it in his own naive way, as translated\\nfor us in the musty old English text of Hakluyt. I\\nwent on land, he writes\\n^aums: t!)UEi gcarcfjci tfie Htber, tuent on lanii to epcatie\\n\\\\s^\\\\X\\\\ i\\\\t 3rntiian0 tof)icl) tnaitcK for tts upon t^e eljort, to()tc|^,\\nat ottr comming: on lani, came hefore us crptnji toiti) a loutJc\\ntopcc, V(i t^eir ^TnlJian lan^ttajje Antipola Bonaffou, \\\\sif^\\\\T\\\\\\nis as mucJ) to sap, as brotl)cr, frienU, or gome gnc^ lifee\\ntljinof. lifter tljep f)alj maBe bcrp muc() of U6, t()cp sdemclJ us\\nX\\\\t\\\\x ParacoufTy, tjjat is to sap, t()cir J^ing; anU \u00c2\u00a9oPcrnour,\\nto tof)om 3r preecntetJ ccrtaine topes tol)eretott5 \\\\z teas toell\\nplcaceli. 3lnli, for mp otonc part, ^T prapet \u00c2\u00aeoli conttnuallp\\nfor tl^e great lobe to^tcj) 3^ ()al)e founli in t^ese ^(aubagfes,\\ntoJ)itl) toere eorrp for nothing; but tljat i%z ntgl^t approc^elj\\naniJ malie us retire ttnto our sl)ips,\\niFor, tI)o\u00c2\u00abg:|) X^t enlieaboureti bg al meanes to mafee us\\ntarp toitj) t|)em, anH sJ^etoeU bp sig;ns t{)e Jesire tl)at t^ep I)ali\\nto present us m.i^ some rare tj)ing;s, ^^zi, nevertheless, for\\nmanp iust anlr reasonable occasions, tooulti not stap on\\nsbore all nig;f)t but excusing; mpselfe for all tl)eir offers, 3r\\nembarlirtJ mpselfe ag:aine, anti returneti totoarlJ mp sbtps.\\n|)otobeit, before mp Jeparture, nameU tfjis Kitier tifje Hitier\\nof Dolphines, because at mine arriball sato X^zxz a\\ng:reat number of jQolpj)ines, to()ic() toere plaping; iw, tj)e moutl)\\nthereof.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "1 6 Old St. Augustine.\\nSo the Frenchmen, laden with gifts of painted deer-\\nskins, went back to their ships; and on the following\\nmorning weighed anchor and sailed away from Seloy.\\nWe shall hear of this Indian village again. As seen by\\nLaudonniere on that June day, three hundred years ago,\\nit was a collection of palmetto-thatched huts, surrounded\\nby maize fields. In the central square stood the great\\ncouncil house, where before setting out for war the chief\\nand his counsellors gathered to drink the cassine, that\\nblack drink of virtue so potent that to quaff it was the\\ncrucial test of manly valor. Here, too, the assembled war-\\nriors waited on the incantation of the sorcerer; and here,\\non their return again, they hung the scalps taken in battle.\\nWithout the council hall, aloft on its staff was the effigy\\nof an antlered stag, looking out over the ocean toward\\nthe sunrise. For annually, at the coming of spring, the\\npeople of Seloy selected the skin of a huge deer, stuffed\\nit with choicest herbs and decked it with fruits and\\nflowers; and then bearing it with music and song to the\\nappointed spot and setting it up on its lofty perch,\\nconsecrated it as a new offering to the Sun god, that\\nbecause of it he might smile upon the fields and fructify\\nthe planted seed and send to his children an abundant\\nharvest.\\nFrom Seloy the French sailed north forty miles, until\\nthey came to a stream, which on the previous voyage had\\nbeen named the River of May. Here likewise the In-\\ndians hailed them with great joy, greeting them while\\nyet far off from shore with the salutation Antipola! Anti-\\npola! When they reached the land, the Paracoussy Sa-\\ntourioua with two of his sons, as fair and mighty persons", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "The Hugitcnots in Florida. i 7\\nas might be found in all the world, thought the French,\\nhastened down to meet them, having nothing in their\\nmouths but this word amy, amy, that is to say, friend,\\nfriend. The first demonstrations of delight over, noth-\\ning would do but that Laudonni^re must accompany\\nSatourioua to the goodly hill, where a pillar of stone\\nbearing the French coat of arms had been erected by\\nRibault, the captain of the first expedition, two years\\nbefore. The monument was found wreathed with gar-\\nlands, and about its foot were many little baskets of\\nfruit and maize, with quivers full of arrows and other\\ntokens of the Indian s veneration. Gathering about the\\nmysterious symbol, Satourioua and his people rever-\\nently kissed the shaft; and besought the French to do\\nthe like; which we would not deny them, writes Lau-\\ndonniere, to the end we might draw them to be more in\\nfriendship with us. An exchange of presents followed,\\nthe Paracoussy giving the Captain a wedge of silver, and\\nLaudonniere presenting in return a cutting-hook and\\nsome gilded trinkets; and thus, with expressions of\\nmutual good will and tokens of friendship, French and\\nIndians renewed the league of perpetual amity and alli-\\nance made with Ribault.\\nAfter more coasting and exploration, a site was finally\\nselected, and a hymn of thanksgiving having been sung,\\nand a prayer made for divine protection, after which\\nevery man began to take courage, soldiers and sailors\\nset about the building of a fort. The Indians joyfully\\nassisted in the work, and with their aid the structure was\\nsoon completed. Jacques Le Moyne, the artist, who\\ncame out with the expedition, has pictured the fort for", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "1 8 Old St. Augustine.\\nus, a triangular structure of logs, which, in honor of the\\nyoung French King, Charles IX., they named Fort\\nCaroline.\\nLaudonniere and his companions were French Protest-\\nants, Huguenots, Lutherans in a word, heretics. They\\nhad come to establish here in Florida a Protestant colony,\\nwhich should provide an asylum and harbor of refuge\\nfrom the persecutions that threatened to overwhelm the\\nNew Religion in their native France.\\nWhen Fort Caroline was completed, the ships were sent\\nhome for reinforcements. Weeks and months passed by,\\nbut they did not come again. The French at the River\\nof May occupied themselves in strengthening the fortifi-\\ncations, and led on by the delusive stories of distant gold\\nmines, spent much time and endured many hardships in\\nfruitless quest of the precious metal. They fell into disas-\\ntrous conflicts with the Indians. Sickness came. Laudon-\\nniere was worn out with nervous excitement and pros-\\ntrated by a fever. The provisions were exhausted.\\nFamine followed. Then mutiny. At length, despairing\\nof succor, the wretched colonists built a crazy craft,\\nabandoned New France and were putting to sea, when\\nalong came John Hawkins, on his way home from a slave\\ntrading expedition. English sea-king and Spaniard-hater,\\nthe bluff admiral very gladly fitted out the Frenchmen\\nwith supplies of food; and left them one of his ships.\\nThey made all haste to embark, and were awaiting a\\nfavorable wind to bear them away from Florida. But\\nthey did not sail. For on the 29th day of August (1565)\\nseven ships arrived off the bar of the River of May.\\nThey were from France. Admiral Jean R.ibault was in", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "The Huguenots in Florida.\\n19\\ncommand, and with him were 300 colonists. The rein-\\nforcements had come at last. All was bright once more at\\nFort Caroline; and never were pioneers in a new land\\nmore buoyant with hope than were these Huguenots on\\nthe banks of the River of May, as they now set about\\nin earnest the establishment of Protestant New France.\\nThese were the French heretics in Florida, whom\\nMenendez was commissioned to destroy, root and branch,\\nfrom the soil given by the Pope to the Spaniard.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "III.\\nTHE COMING OF MENENDEZ.\\nN San Pedro s Day, June 29th, 1565, with royal\\ncommission and Papal blessing, Menendez set\\nsail from Cadiz. He commanded a fleet of thirty-\\nfour vessels and a company of 2,600 men, knights of Bis-\\ncay and the Asturias, soldiers, seamen, Franciscans,\\nJesuits and negro slaves.\\nIn mid-ocean the ships were overtaken and scattered\\nby a furious tempest; but the expedition, bent on a holy\\nmission, was under divine protection. So reasoned Men-\\nendez, and his courage did not falter. Again and again\\nduring the voyage, signal manifestations of the heavenly\\napproval were granted them. Once, overcome by terror in\\nthe storm, the pilots lost their reckoning and knew not\\nwhich way to steer, but divine guidance led them to their\\ncourse again. When they were becalmed, writes Fran-\\ncisco Lopez de Mendoza Grajales, chaplain of the expe-\\ndition, God in answer to their prayers sent them speedy\\nwinds again; and Providence ordained that they should\\ncome to dangerous shoals in the daytime, that so being\\naware of their peril they might pass in safety. Again, in", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "The Coming of Alenendez, 21\\nthe Bahama Channel the Admiral s galleon, the San\\njPalayo, struck upon a reef, the waters rushed into the\\nhold, the sailors gave themselves up for lost, and the ship\\nmust surely have perished, had not the Holy Mother in\\nquick response to their supplications sent two heavy\\nwaves, which lifted the San Palayo and bore her safely\\noff into deep water again. Yet once more came a token\\nfrom above. The fleet lay idly drifting on a glassy sea,\\nthe captains grew disheartened and the crews began loudly\\nto murmur, when, writes Mendoza, God showed us a\\nmiracle from on high; for in the night a great meteor\\nblazed out in mid-heaven, and sweeping on before them,\\nits brightness lasting while one might repeat two Credos,\\nsank toward the west, where lay the land of Florida.\\nThus borne on by heaven-sent winds and led by celes-\\ntial lights, at length, on the 29th of August, the day in\\nthe Spanish calendar sacred to San Augustin, the Span-\\niards came in sight of the coast; and at the first welcome\\nglimpse of land, soldiers and sailors, led by the priests,\\nchanted together a Te Deum of praise and thanksgiving.\\nBut if the crews rejoiced, how much greater must have\\nbeen the satisfaction of their commander, when from the\\nhigh deck of the San Palayo he first beheld the shadowy\\noutline of his kingdom; and how must his heart have\\nswelled with anticipation as fancy painted the glorious\\nconquests in store for him. Here at last is Terra Florida^\\nthe Florida of the sixteenth century, which means the\\nwhole vast continent from Mexico to the boundless north,\\nand from the Atlantic westward to the back of the world\\nwho knows just where? Before him lies the empire\\nwhich he is to claim as his own, for of Florida (so reads", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "2 2 Old St, AiigiLstine.\\nthe royal commission) he is to be Adelantado for Hfe.\\nHere, in this magnificent theatre of the New World, will he\\nachieve a conquest that shall outshine the most glorious\\nexploits of the Conquistadors, and forever join his name\\nwith theirs. As Vasco Nufiez de Balboa, advancing\\ninto the waters of the Great South Sea, made valiant\\nboast, swearing on his sword, to hold against all comers\\nthat mighty ocean for his sovereign Don Ferdinand,\\nso will he, Pedro Menendez d Aviles, undertake to de-\\nfend against the world this unexplored and illimitable\\ncontinent for his Most Catholic Majesty Don Philip II.\\nAs Francisco Pizarro has made his name immortal by\\nwresting the plates of gold from the Temple of the Sun,\\nand rifling the treasure from the tombs of the Incas, in\\nthe great and holy city of Cuzco with its hundred thou-\\nsand houses, so will he, Pedro Menendez, sack the wealth\\nof Chigoula, the wonderful city hidden somewhere here\\nin Florida, whose inhabitants [ran the story of Indian\\ncaptives taken to Spain] make none account of gold and\\nsilver and pearls, seeing they have thereof in abundance.\\nAs Hernando Cortez has sent the fleets back to Spain\\nladen with bars of precious metals from the mines of the\\nMontezumas, so now will he dispatch the galleons from\\nFlorida, and send them home freighted with treasure\\nuntold from the crystal mountains of Apalatcy, those\\nwondrous peaks, whose summits shine so bright in the\\nday that they cannot behold them and so travel unto them\\nby night. Nay, besides the rivers of golden sands, the\\nstores of Christal, golde and Rubies and Diamonds, the\\nmines and the pearl fisheries, and cities and mountains of\\nwealth, beyond these and more wonderful than them all.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "TJie Coming of Menendez. 23\\nis the magic fountain into whose waters he, Pedro Menen-\\ndez, may yet plunge and why not? hve forever, Adelan-\\ntado of a continent. Such is the magnificent dream that\\nrises before the Admiral of the Spanish fleet as the ships\\ndraw near the Florida coast. But first and now, the\\ndarker mission; before the search for fame and treasure,\\nthe hunt for the heretics.\\nThe fleet sailed north along the coast, and not long\\nafter, late one afternoon, the Spanish lookout descried the\\nFrench ships lying at anchor off the River of May. At\\neleven o clock that night, Tuesday, September 4th, the\\nSan Palayo and her consorts came to anchor within hail\\nof Ribault s flagship, the Trinity. The Spaniards worked\\nnoiselessly and the French looked on without speaking.\\nSuch a silence, says Mendoza, I never knew since I\\ncame into the world. At last a trumpet sounded from\\nthe deck of the San Palayo. From the Trinity came an\\nanswering salute. Then with much courtesy Menendez\\ninquired, Gentlemen, whence comes this fleet?\\nFrom France, was the response.\\nWhat is it doing here?\\nBringing infantry, artillery and supplies for a fort which\\nthe King of France has in this country, and for many\\nmore which he will build.\\nAnd you, are you Catholics or Lutherans?\\nMany of the French at once cried out, We are Luth-\\nerans, of the I ew Religion. Then they asked who he\\nwas and whence he came. Through the gloom they\\nheard the answer:\\nPedro Menendez is he whom you question, the\\nAdmiral of these ships, the fleet of the King of Spain,", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24 Old St. Ajigustine.\\nDon Philip II., which comes to this country to fall upon\\nand behead all Lutherans who are upon its shores, and\\nthose who are on the seas. The instructions I hold from\\nmy King, and which are so explicit that they leave me\\nno latitude nor authority to pardon you, I shall execute\\nin full. Immediately after the break of day, I shall board\\nyour ships. If I find there any Catholics they shall be\\nspared; but all who are heretics shall die.\\nHere the French interrupted him and with jeers and\\nderisive taunts called out to him not to wait until the\\nmorning but to board their ships at once; whereupon the\\nSpanish Admiral, provoked to great fury, gave the com-\\nmand to arms, ordered the cables cut and in his wrath\\nsprung down to the deck to hasten with his own hands\\nthe execution of the order. With all expedition the San\\nPalayo bore down on the Trinity, but the Frenchmen too\\nhad cut their cables, and putting straight out to sea soon\\neluded their pursuers. These crazy devils are such good\\nsailors, records Mendoza, and manoeuvered so well that\\nwe could not capture a single one of them. At break of\\nday the Spaniards gave over the chase and returned to\\nthe River of May. Here they found the French from\\nFort Caroline drawn up on the shore to receive them; and\\nnot risking an attack they sailed to the southward.\\nThat night, it being the eve of the nativity of Our Lady\\nof September, the larger ships of the Spanish fleet lay off\\nthe bar of the River of Dolphins; and the smaller ones,\\nentering the harbor, came to anchor before the village of\\nSeloy.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IV.\\nFOUNDING A CITY.\\nATURDAY, September Sth, witnessed a mem-\\norable scene at the River of Dolphins. In the\\nmorning, the first beams of the sun, rising from\\nthe sea, shone upon the antlered front of the consecrated\\nstag, in the heathen village of Seloy; at night its last rays\\nfrom the pine forests of the west illumined a cross, stand-\\ning amid the sentried fortifications of the Christian town\\nof San Augustin.\\nLong before dawn, the crews had begun the labor of\\ndisembarking. The seamen landed artillery and stores;\\nthe infantry took possession of the great council house\\nof Seloy; the negro slaves fell to the task of throwing up\\nearthworks about it; and the priests having set up a\\ncross, erected an altar and provided the sacred utensils of\\nthe mass.\\nAt noon, clad in the uniform of his knightly order,\\nhose and doublet, slashed sleeves, and the cross of Sant-\\niago on the breast, burnished casque and waving plume,\\nMenendez left the San Palayo; and amid fanfare of trum-\\npet, roll of drum and salvos of artillery was rowed in", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26 Old St. Augustine.\\nstate to the shore. Arrived there, a procession was\\nformed. At the head walked chaplain Mendoza, bear-\\ning aloft the crucifix. Then came Menendez, drawn\\nsword in one hand and royal commission in the other.\\nAfter him marched the priests, and behind them, their\\narmor glistening in the sunlight, followed the companies\\nof infantry. Over them flaunted the great yellow banner\\nof Spain. Chanting they marched to the majestic meas-\\nures of the Te Dcum Laiidamtis. When they reached the\\naltar, Menendez knelt and reverently kissed the crucifix;\\nand the others followed his example. Then all gathered\\nabout the altar for the solemn ceremonies of the mass.\\nIt was a motley throng the priests robed in the stole\\nand chasuble of their sacred office, the warriors clad in\\nsuits of mail, the naked negroes toiling in the trenches;\\nand pressing in a circle without, the bewildered Indians,\\nmute in their wonder and vaguely imitating the mysteri-\\nous actions of the strangers. It was a group in which\\nwere many contrasts most sharply defined. Here stood\\nthe Spanish Adelantado, representative of the proudest\\nnation upon the globe, now come hither to subdue a con-\\ntinent; and a little apart from him was the Indian Para-\\ncoussy, whose petty reign should from that hour cease.\\nHere crowded the conquistadors, eager for spoils; and\\nthere bent the negro toilers, precursors of the tens of\\nthousands of their unhappy race who should follow them\\nto slavery in America. Contrast most strange of all\\nthis celebration of Christian rites, while the heathen deer\\nhigh on his staff stolidly faced the east.\\nThe mass being ended, Menendez took formal posses-\\nsion of Florida in the name of Philip II., and in honor", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Fou7idmg a City. 27\\nof the saint upon whose day the fleet had sighted the\\nFlorida coast, he named the new town San Augustin.\\nThen having read aloud his commission, he took from\\nofificers and men a renewal of their oaths of allegiance,\\nand was saluted by all present as Adelantado of Florida.\\nSoldiers and sailors sent up a cheer; the artillery shook\\nthe earth with a salute; the ships in the bay responded\\nwith their thunder; and booming over the water came\\nthe answering echoes from the great guns of the San\\nPalayo far out beyond the bar.\\nSo passed the natal day of San Augustin, the new\\nChristian town planted on the site of the pagan Indian\\nvillage. The sun sank behind the rim of pines in the\\nwest; the glory of gold and crimson and purple faded\\nout from sky and sea; the birds hushed their songs; the\\ngloom of night drew on apace; and from the sea came\\nthe monody of the surf rolling in on the shore.\\nThe sunlight has faded from our story. There is no\\nmore of glitter. The pageantry is over. The ceremo-\\nnies of the town s establishment are not yet completed.\\nOther rites are to follow, but they will be sombre\\nand pitiless. The ancient Picts bathed the foundation-\\nstones in human blood, that their structures might long\\nendure. Some such terrible baptism must be provided for\\nSan Augustin, if this planting of Spanish dominion in\\nNorth America is to be made more secure than the futile\\nattempts of other Spaniards here in Florida. Victims for\\nthe human sacrifice are not wanting. Yonder at Fort\\nCaroline are the heretics, Lutherans, apostate followers\\nof a renegade German monk, and trespassers on this\\ndomain of the Spanish monarch, who for the honor of", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28\\nOld St. Augustine.\\nAdelantado, Church and King, must be rooted out with\\nfire and the sword. So reasons the Spaniard; and Pedro\\nMenendez will not fail to put into execution what his\\ncruel heart contemplates, for his soul is full to the brim\\nof fiercest hate, and his arm is nerved by the most\\npowerful of all motives in this year of grace, 1565, the\\nunreasoning determination of a religious bigot.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "V.\\nFORT CAROLINE.\\nONDAY, September lo, as Menendez was re-\\nturning from the San Palayo, which was to sail\\nthat night for Spain, the breeze died out with\\nthe sunset, and the Adelantado lay all night becalmed off\\nthe bar of San Augustin. In the dim gray of the coming\\ndawn, his shallop still at anchor, Menendez and his com-\\npanions were terrified by the apparition of the Trinity\\ndriftmg down upon them with the tide. Not a breath of\\nair was stirring; no human agency could save them;\\ndestruction was imminent. In their extremity the trem-\\nbling crew fell upon the deck in supplication of Our Lady\\nof Utrera. Behold a miracle! Straightway, writes Men-\\ndoza, one would say that Our Lady herself came down\\nupon the ship. A sudden flaw of wind struck the idle\\nsail, and lifting the shallop bore it on the crest of a wave\\nover the bar. There it was safe, for the French ships\\ncould not follow. They waited outside for the rising of\\nthe tide.\\nRibault was in command of the French fleet, and with\\nhim was the entire fighting contingent from Fort Caroline.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "30 Old St. Augustine.\\nThey had come for an attack, before the Spaniards had\\nintrenched themselves. The Adelantado was ill prepared\\nfor this unexpected coming of the enemy, but his courage\\nwas not shaken. The enterprise, undertaken for the glory\\nof God and the Church, was not thus to fall into the\\nhands of the Arch-Demon. Again the Spaniards prayed.\\nBehold another miracle! The very elements of heaven\\nwere marshalled to their deliverance. On a sudden, while\\nthe sky was yet clear, the sun shining bright and the sea\\ncalm, out of the northeast came a blast of wind. It\\nsprung at once to a gale, increased in fury and gathered\\nthe might of a hurricane. Such a tempest, the Indians\\nsaid, had never been known on the coast before. The\\nrain beat down in blinding floods. The sea was lashed\\nto fury. The French ships struggled and labored in the\\nstorm, striving in vain to gain an offing; the waves\\nrising to the maintopmasts threatened to engulf them.\\nFinally the Spaniards saw them driving helplessly to the\\nsouthward. Then they disappeared in the gloom of the\\nstorm. In such a sea, on the Florida co^st, the heretics\\nmust perish. The Spaniards were saved. Thus had\\nProvidence interposed once aga n to avert their destruc-\\ntion; so, writes the pious Mendoza, God and the Holy\\nVirgin have performed another great miracle in our\\nbehalf; and soldiers and priests joined in a service of\\nthanksjiving.\\nHeaven had destroyed the ships. Now to fall upon\\nthe rest of the French at Fort Caroline. A mass was\\nsaid. Menendez selected 500 arquebusiers and pikemen,\\ngave the command to march, and himself led the way.\\nFor four days, led by Indian guides, they threaded the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Foi^t Caroline. 31\\nniaze3 of the pines, waded the swamps and hewed their\\nway through scrub and hamak. Day after day, night\\nafter night, the never-ceasing flooc s of rain poured down\\nupon them. At 10 o clock of the fourth night, drenched,\\nbruised, exhausted with fatigue and privation, they\\nreached the River of May, and on a bluff overlooking Fort\\nCaroline threw themselves down to await the dawn.\\nHow was it within the fort? Ribault had left no\\ndefenders. Laudonniere lay in bed sick with a fever.\\nThe garrison was a beggarly assemblage of incapables.\\nThere were Challeux the carpenter, old and helpless; Le\\nMoyne the artist, who could wield a pencil but not a pike;\\nthe boys who kept Ribault s dogs; and lackeys, women\\nand children. The pitiful few who could bear arms at all\\nwere worn out by their protracted guard duty during the\\nfour days and nights of continuous tempest. Through\\nthe weary hours of this night, as before, the tired sentinels\\npaced the ramparts in the storai; but, when the day\\nwas therefore come, says the chronicle, and the captain\\nof the guard saw that it rained worse than it did before,\\nhe pitied the sentinels all too moyled and wet, and think-\\ning that the Spaniards would not have come in such a\\nstrange time, he let them depart and went to his lodging.\\nLittle did he know the determined will of the Adelantado,\\nDon Pedro Menendez d Avil^s; little did he dream that at\\nthe very moment his compassion sent the exhausted sen-\\ntinels to their quarters, 500 pikemen were concealed\\namong the pines on the bluff, within trumpet call, waiting\\nlike savage beasts to spring upon their prey.\\nMorning came, the morning of San Mateo s Day. Men-\\nendez had spent the night in vigils and prayer. With the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "32 Old St. Augustine.\\nfirst streak of light he marshalled his command. The\\nsignal was given for the attack. Breaking into a run and\\nraising their battle cry, Santiago! the Spaniards rushed\\nupon the fort.\\nVictory! God is with us! shouted Menendez. Upon\\nthem!\\nLaudonni^re s trumpeter first saw the Spaniards; and\\ngave the alarm. Too late. In through the postern of the\\ngate poured the Spaniards. Out of bed leaped the\\nFrench. Undressed, unarmed, out they came, old and\\nyoung, well and sick, men, women and children, dazed,\\nbewildered, panic-stricken, pell-mell, headlong on to the\\nSpanish pikes. Back through the tents and barracks they\\nfled again. Close upon them followed the furious Span-\\niards. Some of the French in terror threw themselves\\nover the walls and escaped. Some were spared to be\\nhung, if we credit the French account; to be given over\\nto the Inquisition, if we accept the Spanish version. The\\nrest were cut down, stabbed, butchered. The assault\\nwas not more impetuous than the end swift. A trumpet\\nsounded the victory. The standard of Spain floated over\\nFort Caroline.\\nAmong those who escaped were Le Moyne, Challeux\\nand Laudonniere. The fugitives made their way toward\\nthe mouth of the River of May, where lay two small ships,\\nleft by Ribault. In the marsh, the water up to his chin,\\nLaudonniere stood all night long, praying aloud. There\\nin the morning a boat s crew found him helpless, without\\nstrength to move even a finger; and lifting him in,\\nthey bore him to the ships. After much disaster and\\nsuffering, surviving hunger, thirst and shipwreck, the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Fort Carolzjie. 33\\nrefugees reached France. Each of the three named sub-\\nsequently pubUshed accounts of their Florida misfortunes;\\nand Le Moyne prepared from memory a series of illus-\\ntrations of the French expedition in Florida.\\nMenendez made thorough work at Fort Caroline. In\\nLaudonniere s quarters were discovered certain gilt-bound\\nbooks, out of which the heretic Lutheran priests were ac-\\ncustomed to preach their impious doctrines; and these\\naccursed volumes were at once consigned to the flames.\\nIf we accept the statement of chaplain Mendoza, a great\\nLutheran cosmographer and magician was found among\\nthe dead. The names of fort and river were changed to\\nSan Mateo, in honor of the Saint upon whose day this\\ngreat triumph had been achieved. Having thus perfected\\nthe work of blotting out the heretics, and leaving in Fort\\nSan Mateo a garrison of 300 men, the Adelantado set out\\non his return to San Augustin. A messenger was sent on\\nahead to announce the joyful tidings; and the priests\\nwent out to meet the victors. A triumphal procession\\nwas formed, Mendoza, in new cassock and surplice, bear-\\ning the crucifix at its head and chanting the Te Deum,\\nthe victorious band entered San Augustin at the vesper\\nhour.\\nThe mass of thanksgiving for the signal victory over\\nthe Arch-Demon was hardly finished, when Menendez\\nwas called to go forth on a mission yet darker than that\\nof Fort Caroline.\\n3", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "VI\\nMATANZA.\\nHE river, or sound, named by the French the\\nRiver of Dolphins and by the Spaniards San\\nAugustin, runs parallel with the ocean, from\\nwhich it is separated by a narrow strip of land, to a point\\nthirteen miles south, where by another inlet it is again\\nconnected with th** sea. To follow the beach, coming\\nfrom the south, one must cross this lower inlet, and pro-\\nceed along the shore of the island formed by river and\\nsea.\\nOn the day following his return from Fort Caroline,\\nwhile Menendez, worn out with fatigue, was taking his\\nsiesta, an Indian runner brought word that a company of\\nmen had been discovered on the beach at the lower inlet,\\nwhich they could not cross. The Adelantado awoke to\\nimmediate action. At the head of a chosen band of fifty\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2picked soldiers, he left San Augustin at dusk, crossed\\nover to the island, marched south along the coast, and\\nreached the northern shore of the inlet before dawn.\\nFrom his lookout in a tree, with the first faint light of\\nSan Miguel s Day, Menendez descried the company on", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Matanza.\\n35\\nthe southern shore. Their number was large; and he\\nwell knew who they were.\\nWhen day had fully come, the Spanish commander\\nmanoeuvered his men among the sand hills, so that to\\nthose on the other side his force of fifty might appear to\\nbe many more. After these demonstrations he patiently\\nwaited. One of the strangers plunged into the water", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "36 Old St. Augustine.\\nfrom the opposite shore and swam across the inlet. He\\nwas a Frenchman. His companions, he said, had been\\nshipwrecked. The conversation that followed recalls the\\nparley between the San Palayo and the Trinity at the\\nRiver of May.\\nWhat Frenchmen are they asked the Adelantado.\\nTwo hundred of the command of Jean Ribault, Ad-\\nmiral and Captain-General of this country for the King of\\nFrance, was the reply.\\nCatholics or Lutherans\\nAll Lutherans of the New Religion. His captain^\\nhe added, had sent him over to ask who they were.\\nTell him, then, was the ominous reply, that it is the\\nViceroy and Adelantado of this land for the King Don\\nPhilip; and that his name is Pedro Menendez.\\nThe Frenchman swam back to his comrades. By and\\nby he came again and said that his captain wished to treat\\nwith the Spaniards. Menendez sent them a canoe. The\\ncaptain and ten others came over. They begged Menen-\\ndez to furnish them boats, in which they might proceed\\nto a fort, which they had to the north.\\nAre you Catholics or Lutherans asked Menendez.\\nWe are all of the New Religion.\\nThen said the Adelantado Gentlemen, your fort\\nis taken and its garrison destroyed; and he showed\\nthem some of the spoils from Fort Caroline and two of\\nits garrison, who having declared themselves Catholics\\nhad been spared alive.\\nThen the French captain asked for ships to take his\\ncompany to France. The Spaniard replied that he had\\nno ships for such a purpose. France and Spain were not", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Matanza. 2 7\\nat war, urged the Frenchman; their Kings were friends\\nand brothers; would the Adelantado not graciously per-\\nmit these shipwrecked men to remain at his fort, until\\nthey could obtain passage to France. If Catholics and\\nfriends, replied the Spaniard, yes; but since they were of\\nthe New Sect, he could regard them only as enemies.\\nHe should wage war upon them even to blood and fire,\\nand should pursue them with all cruelty, wherever he\\nmight encounter them in this land, to which he had come\\nto plant the Holy Faith for the salvation of the Indians.\\nIf they were willing to surrender their standards, give up\\ntheir arms, and submit themselves to his mercy, well and\\ngood; he should do with them as God might give him\\ngrace.\\nThe French captain went back and consulted with his\\nmen. He came again, this time with another plea.\\nMany of his comrades were noblemen of high birth; they\\noffered a ransom of 50,000 ducats for their lives. No,\\nthe Spaniard replied, although a poor man, he was not\\nmercenary; and if in the end he should treat them with\\nleniency, he would wish to be free from suspicion of a\\nsordid motive for doing so. Again the Frenchman\\ncame over, with the proffer of a still larger ransom. Do\\nnot deceive yourselves, answered Menendez; though\\nheaven should come down to earth, I would not do other\\nthan I have said.\\nThe parley was ended. The French castaways, ex-\\nhausted by their long buffetings with the waves, worn\\nout by the hard march through the wilderness, bedrag-\\ngled, famished and utterly disheartened, too weak to\\nfight, too weak to retreat, threw themselves upon the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "38 Old St, Augustine.\\nmercy of the Spaniard, and committed themselves to him,\\nto do with them as God should give him grace.\\nA boat was sent across the inlet, and returned with the\\nstandards and arms. Then it brought over the captain\\nand eight of his men. They were supplied with food\\nand drmk and conducted behind the sand dunes out of\\nthe sight of their comrades on the other shore. Gen-\\ntlemen, said Menendez, my men are few and you are\\nmany; it would be easy for you to avenge upon us the\\ndeaths of your friends at the fort. You must, then,\\nmarch with your hands bound behind you, to my camp,\\nfour leagues hence. To this they assented. The sol-\\ndiers took the match-cords from their arquebuses; and\\nthe arms of the French were securely bound behind their\\nbacks. The others came over ten at a time, and the men\\nof each company, on their arrival, were bound in like\\nmanner. In all there were two hundred and eight of them.\\nThen the chaplain, Mendoza, interposed. It was the\\nfinal opportunity. If any were Catholics, let them sig-\\nnify it. Eight sailors so declared themselves, and were\\nplaced apart. We are all of the New Sect, said the\\nrest; this is our faith; we have no other.\\nThe sun was low in the west. There was need of expedi-\\ntion in the terrible work now to be done. Menendez gave\\nthe command to march. Divided into squads of ten, their\\narms tied behind, a guard in front of them and another in\\ntheir rear, the wretched victims were driven to the sham-\\nbles. Leaving his secret instructions with the soldiers,\\nMenendez went on in advance. At a certain point,\\nbefore determined, he drew with his lance a mark in the\\nsand. When the first band of ten Frenchmen came to", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Matanza. 39\\nthis mark, the vanguard turned upon the leading rank of\\nprisoners and stabbed, each his man; and the rear guard\\nstabbed from behind, each his victim, those in the second\\nrank. When the second squad of ten came to the fatal\\nmark they were struck down in the same way; then the\\nthird, and the fourth, and those that came after; and so\\nthe horrible matanza the well-planned, systematic butch-\\nery, where each one struck his appointed blow was con-\\ntinued so long as the light shone, and went on, after the\\nsetting of the sun, into the night, until at length the deed\\nof blackest darkness was finished in darkness.\\nWhen the last heretic had been stabbed in the back,\\nthe Spaniards returned a second time in triumph to San\\nAugustin.\\nAnd here this dark chapter should end; but the story\\nis not yet finished. What follows is a repetition almost in\\ndetail of that which has been told. Let us hasten over it.\\nUpon the following day the Indians came again to San\\nAugustin. Another company had been discovered on\\nthe beach at the inlet. With 150 men the tireless Span-\\niard again set forth. Another night march, another impa-\\ntient waiting for the dawn, another manoeuver of the\\ntroops; and again a messenger swam across the inlet.\\nHis company, he said, was that of Admiral Jean Ribault;\\nand after the story of their shipwreck, came the request\\nfor boats to take them to Fort Caroline. Then the\\nFrenchman inquired whom he was addressing. Pedro\\nMenendez, was the answer; and the messenger was sent\\nback with the news of the capture of Fort Caroline.\\nA canoe having been sent for him, Jean Ribault him-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "40 Old St. Augustine.\\nself came over with eight of his officers. The Spanish\\nAdelantado received the French Admiral with punctilious\\ncourtesy, and set a collation before him. Having con-\\nvinced Ribault of the death of those who had been left\\nat Fort Caroline, Iv^enendez led him to the horrible spot\\nwhere the flocks of unclean birds were gathered, and\\nshowed him by the ghastly evidence there what fate had\\novertaken the first band of castaways two days before.\\nAgain came the ineffectual plea for clemency. What\\nhad happened to himself, said Ribault, might have be-\\nfallen Menendez; their Kings were brothers and friends,\\nso as a friend should the Adelantado act toward him.\\nMenendez was unmoved. Then the French offered ran-\\nsom; and it was refused. The interviews concluded as\\nbefore; the Spaniard s final answer was that the French\\nmight surrender themselves to his mercy, and he should\\ndo with them as God might direct.\\nThat night 200 of the French withdrew and marched\\nsouth into the wilderness; any fate, even to be devoured\\nby the savages, was preferable to that of falling into the\\nhands of the Spaniard.* The next morning Menendez\\nsent a boat across the inlet, and Ribault came over, bring-\\ning his standards, arms and commission; and surrendered\\nthem to Menendez. The Adelantado conducted him\\nbehind a sand hill and repeated the treacherous pretext\\nhe had used before. Night was approaching, he said;\\nhis fort was distant; they had far to go; his men were\\nfew; the French were many; they must be bound. The\\nAdmiral submitted.\\nThey subsequently surrendered, and most of them found their way back to\\nFrance.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Matanza. 41\\nOnce more, across this Stygian flood, the ferry boat of\\ndeath with Charon at the oar began its passing. Back\\nand forth, from shore to shore, it fared, bringing the vic-\\ntims ten at a time, until the one hundred and fifty had\\nbeen ferried over. As each company of ten arrived, they\\nwere conducted behind the sand hills; and their arms\\nwere pinioned. When all were tied, writes the Spanish\\npriest, Don Solis las Meras, brother-in-law of Menendez,\\nand present at this scene, when all were tied, the Adelan-\\ntado asked if they were Catholics or Lutherans, or if any\\nwished to make confession. Jean Ribault answered that\\nall there were of the New Religion; and then he began to\\nrepeat the psalm Domine, memento meij having finished\\nwhich, he said that from dust they came and to dust they\\nmust return again; and that in twenty years, more or\\nless, he must render his final account; and now the Ade-\\nlantado might do with him as he saw fit. This man, Jean\\nRibault, who spoke thus, we may be sure, walked erect\\nand with an unflinching step to his fate.\\nFour who declared themselves Catholics were placed\\non one side, and with them the drummers and fifers, one\\nof whom, Nicolas Burgoigne, we shall hear of again.\\nThen, as in the Florida pines to-day one may see the\\nhorsemen forcing the cattle into the slaughter pens, the\\nSpaniards drove their wretched victims on to their doom.\\nOn the same sandy reach, still red with its sanguinary\\ndye, Menendez drew for this new band of martyrs another\\nmark on the ground. When Ribault and his comrades\\nreached this fatal bound, the horrible scene of that other\\nday was re-enacted; and with each succeeding band the\\nmatanza was repeated; the butchers struck and the vie-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 Old St. Augtisti7ie.\\ntims fell. And when all had been slain, the Spaniards\\nmarched on, and returned once more in triumph.\\nThus at the founding of San Augustin was thrice pro-\\nvided a human sacrifice, and a libation poured out so\\ncopious, that were there virtue in the old pagan rites the\\nwalls of this Spanish city in Florida must endure for all\\ntime.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "VIL\\nFRENCH VENGEANCE.\\nHE time is three years later. The scene is\\nchanged to San Mateo. Enter, for the last\\nstormy act in this lurid drama, the Chevalier\\nDominique de Gourgues, French Catholic, soldier of for-\\ntune, sometime since Spanish galley slave; now come to\\nrepair the outraged honor of his native land and to\\navenge the death of his countrymen. He has sold his\\nestates that he may fit out an expedition, has gathered a\\npicked company of soldiers and seamen, and sailed out\\nof France with a commission to kidnap slaves on the\\ncoast of Africa. Once at sea, he has undeceived his\\ncompanions; the enterprise, he tells them, is not to steal\\nnegroes; it is a mission of vengeance. He rehearses the\\natrocious cruelties of the Spaniards, with the terrible fate\\nof the Huguenots in Florida, and details his scheme of\\nretaliation will they follow him The answer is a\\ncheer.\\nWhen the three ships come in sight of the forts at San\\nAugustin and San Mateo, the Spaniards, taking them for\\nfriends, fir** salutes of welcome. The Frenchman responds,", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 Old St. Augustine.\\nand sails on. Entering a river beyond, he finds the banks\\nlined with a hostile array of Indians, drawn up under the\\nParacoussy Satourioua, and prepared for battle. A trum-\\npeter, one of the fugitives who had escaped from Fort Caro-\\nline, is sent ashore. The Indians recognize him. The\\nships, they learn, are French, not Spanish. The trumpeter s\\nmessage is heard with joy; and immediately savage hos-\\ntility is changed to eager welcome. Later, when De\\nGourgues comes ashore and begins to declare his purpose\\nof revenge, Satourioua impatiently interrupts him with\\nthe story of the wrongs which his own people have en-\\ndured at the hands of the Spaniards. Well have the\\nParacoussy and his tribe kept the pledge made to Lau-\\ndonniere that his friends should be their friends and his\\nenemies their enemies; and many an incautious Spaniard\\nat San iMateo and San Augustin has been ambushed and\\nslain by the unseen Indian foe.\\nThe French landed their equipments, and made prepara-\\ntions for attacking the forts; and meanwhile their savage\\nallies performed the ceremonies which were always observed\\nbefore the Florida Indian went into battle. The black\\ndrink was mixed; and nothing would do but that De\\nGourgues must quaff a heroic draught. The painted\\nsorcerer with painful contortions and grimaces of suffer-\\ning fell into his mystic trance, and from the vision brought\\ninformation of the strength and disposition of the enemy.\\nThe chiefs, decked out in totems and forbidding in war\\npaint, gathered in a circle, squatting on the ground; and\\nin the center uprose Satourioua. On his right stood a\\nvessel of water, on his left burned a fire. Taking a shal-\\nlow dishful of the water in his right hand and holding it", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "French Vengeance. 45\\naloft toward the sun, the chief prayed to that luminary\\nthat a victory might be granted them over the Spaniards;\\nand dashing the water to the ground, implored that so\\nmight the blood of the enemy be poured out. Then lift-\\ning up the great vessel of water he emptied it out upon\\nthe fire, exclaiming, So also may you extinguish the livej\\nof your foes. And all the rest responded with shouts and\\ncries of hate and rage.\\nAgain De Gourgues inflamed the hearts of his follow-\\ners by a fresh recital of the wrongs they had come te\\navenge; and then Frenchmen and Indians took up their\\nmarch.\\nThe Spaniards, four hundred strong, were intrenched\\nin two small forts near the mouth of the Rio de San Mateo\\nand in Fort San Mateo (formerly Fort Caroline), which\\nhad been so strengthened and equipped that the Span-\\niards boasted the half of France could not take it. The\\navengers sought first the smaller forts. Making their way\\nas best they could through the swamps, across the treach-\\nerous ooze of marshes and over the cruel oyster beds con-\\ncealed beneath the water, from which they emerged with\\nlacerated feet and bleeding limbs, they came at length to\\nthe first fort and prepared for the attack.\\nTo arms The French cried a sentinel; and from\\nthe fort, upon the advancing column, came a cannon ball\\nfrom the muzzle of one of Laudonniere s own cannon. At\\nthis, Olotacara, an impetuous savage, bounded from his\\nplace in the ranks, leaped upon the platform, scaled the\\nrampart and ran the gunner through with his pike.\\nFrench and Indians followed with a rush. It was soon\\nover. The fort was taken. By command of De", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "4-6 Old St. Augusti7ie.\\nGourgues fifteen of the Spaniards were reserved; of the\\nrest not one escaped.\\nPanic-stricken at the capture of the first fort, the garri-\\nson of the other one, across the river, rushed out for\\nflight into the forest. Hemmed in by the infuriated sav-\\nages on one side, and on the other by the French, there was\\nno escape. As before, fifteen were reserved; and of the\\nothers, the historian of the expedition records, all there\\nended their days.\\nThen on to Fort San Mateo. Here the garrison, hav-\\ning been alarmed, were in readiness for them; and no\\nsluggards of their cannon shot, played their ordnance\\nupon the French so incontinently that their courage\\nfailed; and retreating to the shelter of the woods, they\\ntook up their position on that very bluff where three years\\nbefore Menendez had concealed his pikemen. Here,\\nsince it was late in the day, De Gourgues would have\\nwaited, deferring the assault until the morrow. But\\nthe Spanish commandant, who must needs hasten his own\\nswift destruction, gave the word for threescore shot to\\nsally out from the fort to discover the number and valor\\nof the enemy. The Spaniards falling thus into a trap of\\ntheir own making, De Gourgues hemmed them in before\\nand behind, and hewed them down all save the fifteen\\nreserved with ominous purpose. Seeing this, the rest of\\nthe garrison in terror fled from their fort and plunged\\ninto the forest. There, turn what way they might, the\\nsoldier s pike confronted them and the savage sprang out\\nupon them. In the stern work of retribution the arm of\\nneither Frenchman nor Indian grew weary until the last\\none was fallen and the vengeance done.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "French Vengeaiice. 47\\nAnd what of the captives, the three fifteens, reserved with\\nsinister intent by De Gourgues This is the record of\\ntheir fate, given in the old chronicle\\nQTI^c refit of t^z ^paniaries bcinu; leti atoap prisonerei toit^\\ntl)e otljcrfi, after tf)at t^c ^enerall I)alJ 6l)etDeti tl)em t^c torontj;\\nto|)icl) tl)cp l)atr tione toitljottt occasion to all t()e iFrencf)\\nl^atton, tDcrc all I)ang:cli on tlje boufffjfi of tfje same trees\\ntoI)ereon tl)e Jrencl) Ijunjj; of to^tcb number fttie ()alj been\\nIjansctr bp one ^paniarti, toi)icb, ncto perceibinj l^tmselfe ia.\\nt\\\\^t Itfte miserable estate, confessed l^is fault antr tbe just\\njulJsment tol)ici) \u00c2\u00aeoB !)a5 brouffjjt upon btm.\\n^ut ixi steai of tbe toritins; tof)icll Petiro ;j[Heleniie^ j^aU\\nIjanpti oljcr t^em, importinji t()ese toories in ^pantsb, 3 ^oe\\nnot tl)is as unto JFrencb men, but as unto lutberans,\\n(Sourgues causelj to be tmprintelj tottb a searing iron on a\\ntable of iFirretuooti, 3f tioe not tbis as unto ^paniartJes, nor\\nas unto JHariners, but as unto Crattors, Kobbers, anU fSlvx-.\\ntl)erers,\\nA fire, which had been kindled by some Indians that\\nthey might broil fish to feast the Frenchmen, lighted the\\ntrain of the powder magazine and blew up the store-\\nhouses of the Spaniards; and the Indians, who had helped\\nto build Fort Caroline, now demolished its walls and\\nleveled it with the ground. The joy of the savages at\\nthe destruction which had overtaken their enemies knew\\nno bounds; and they came in from all the villages, flocking\\nto De Gourgues to honor him with praises and gifts as\\ntheir friend and deliverer. One ancient crone declared\\nthat she cared not any longer to die, since she had seen\\nthe French once again in Florida and the Spaniards\\nchased out.\\nHaving assembled his company to return thanks to", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "48 Old St. Aiigustine.\\nGod for their victory and to pray for a safe voyage home\\nagain, and taking leave of the Indians, who cried aloud\\nwith sorrow at his going, Dominique De Gourgues, his\\nmission accomplished, set sail for France, where in due\\ntime he arrived, having eluded the pursuit of eighteen\\nPinnesses and a great Shippe of two hundred Tunnes, full\\nof Spanyardes, which being assured of the defeat in\\nFlorida, followed him to make him yeeld another account\\nof his voyage, than that wherewith hee made many French-\\nmen right glad.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "VIII.\\nAFTER TWENTY YEARS.\\nWENTY summers have come and gone, since that\\nSeptember day of Spanish pomp in Seloy. The\\nromance of Florida has departed. No city of\\ngold has been found, nor mountain of treasure, nor pearl\\nfishery, nor fountain of youth. One illusion after another,\\nall have vanished. The magnificent dream is over.\\nFlorida is an unprofitable possession, it has contrib-\\nuted no revenues to the crown, nor will it ever; but with\\njealous hand the Spanish monarch maintains his grasp\\nupon the barren province. Though he will not occupy\\nthe land himself, others may not enter; and here at San\\nAugustin he is constructing his fortifications to menace\\nthe other nations.\\nThe town is an insignificant military post, whose garri-\\nson is dependent for sustenance upon the supply ships\\nfrom Spain. Opposite the fort, on the northern shore of\\nthe island, at the southern point, now called by the sol-\\ndiers La Matafiza (The Place of Slaughter), and at\\nother points north and south along the coast, beacons\\nhave been erected to light the plate fleets from Mexico", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "50 Old St. Augustine.\\nand Peru, passing through the Florida channel on their\\nway to Old Spain.\\nWell had it been for the French, twenty years before,\\nhad the warning ray of some mighty beacon flashed out\\nover the waters to turn them from the fatal coast.\\nThe storms of twenty winters have bleached the sands\\nof that haunted shore, where with his companions sleeps\\nthe martyr, Jean Ribault. The illustrious Cavalier, Don\\nPedro Menendez d Avil^s, Adelantado of the Provinces of\\nFlorida, Knight Commander of Santa Cruz, of the Order\\nof Santiago, and Captain-General of the Oceanic Seas,\\ndied in the year 1574, honored by Pope and sovereign\\nand in the full flush of his fame. Eight years later, in\\n1582, to the great griefe of such as knew him, died\\nthe Chevalier Dominique De Gourgues. The Para-\\ncoussy Satourioua, too, has gone the way of his race;\\nand after the custom of their tribe, his subjects have\\nplanted about his grave the circle of arrows, placing in\\nthe center his cassine cup, chiefest memorial of wisdom\\nand valor; and with wailing and tearing of hair have\\nobserved the appointed thirty days of mourning.\\nSo one by one the personages, whose deeds have been\\nrecorded in the first chapters of our story, have passed\\naway. Spanish bigot, Huguenot victim, French avenger,\\nsavage ally each has played his part, and gone to his\\nreward. New actors take their places.\\nIn 1586 came the English Sea-Kings.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "IX.\\nTHE ENGLISH SEA-KINGS.\\nHE English seaman of the Sixteenth century was\\ncast in heroic mould. It was the time of Gil-\\nbert, Frobisher, Grenville, Drake and Raleigh.\\nThese were the captains; and their crews were of like\\nspirit eager to sail out into the wonderful New World,\\nexplore untried seas, extend the glory of the English\\nname, and above all to burn gunpowder against the\\nSp: niard. For to English reaports, with the tales of new-\\nfound El Dorados beyond the sea, came dark stories of\\nSpanish cruelty to British seamen in the Western waters.\\nArmed with his Papal Bull of Donation, giving him sole\\nright and title in the two Americas, the pretentious Don\\nregarded as intruders all others who dared to trespass on\\nhis domain. French Huguenot or English heretic, it was\\nall one to him the ship was scuttled or burned, and the\\ncrew turned over to the Inquisition. What that meant,\\nEnglish seamen too well knew. Some of them had been\\nstretched upon the rack at Seville; and had seen their\\ncomrades give out their lives amid the flames of the\\nauto-da-f^ at Madrid. Chained to the oars and with", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "52 Old St. Augusime.\\nbacks bared to the lash of the slave-driver, men of Devon\\nwere enduring the torture of heat and thirst and scourg-\\ning in the banks of Spanish galleys. Clad in the oppro-\\nbrious San Benito, men of Plymouth were wearing out\\ntheir lives in the gloom of Peruvian mines; and yet other\\nEnglishmen were rotting in the dungeons of the Ever-\\nlasting Prison Remediless at Cartagena. The memory of\\nthese things, which had been endured, nay, were even\\nnow being suffered by comrade and friend, and by son\\nand brother, nerved the English sailor s arm to strike a\\nblow at the Spaniard wherever found.\\nTo resentment for individual wrongs was added the\\nbroader motive of patriotism. England and Spain were\\nnot at open war, but the peace between them was far\\nfrom being hearty or long enduring. Philip II. was col-\\nlecting his invincible armada, to overwhelm the British\\nIslands and add them to his already colossal empire of\\ntwo-thirds the known world; and Queen Elizabeth, fear-\\ning to precipitate the blow, which she knew must come,\\nmaintained a policy of discreet inaction. Not so her\\nloyal sea captains. They burned with impatience to be\\naway to cut off the gold-trains and intercept the plate-\\nfleets; and, by crippling the Spanish monarch s resources,\\ndelay, if they might not finally avert, the coming of the\\narmada. Many a stately carack from the Indies, sailing\\nhome to Old Spain, struck her colors at the English sea-\\nking s bidding; and more than cnce, when the Spanish\\nprize had been taken, along with the bars of silver and\\nthe ingots of gold, they brought forth from her hold, as\\nfrom the dead, some maimed wretch of an English cap-\\ntive and so by one stroke was England s enemy spoiled", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "The English Sea-Kings. 53\\nof his treasure, and the familiars of the Holy Office\\nwere cheated of their prey.\\nTwo expeditions already had that light rare and\\nthrice worth} Captaine, Francis Drake, led against the\\nSpaniards in the West; first, when at Nombre de\\nDios he showed his men the way to the Treasury of\\nthe World, and a second time, when in the Golden\\nHinde he ploughed a furrow round the whole world;\\nand from each voyage he had returned again to\\nPlymouth with great store of silver and gold, that\\nwould else have gone to swell the invader s might.\\nBut notwithstanding this staying of his treasure, the in-\\ndomitable Spanish monarch went on adding galleon to gal-\\nleon and armament to armament; and year by year the\\nrumors that reached the ports of the sturdy little island\\ngrew more alarming. So it happened that in 1585, Philip\\nhaving laid an embargo on English ships, and thus given\\nhim provocation anew, Francis Drake must needs go\\nforth again to sack the cities of the Spanish Main.\\nOn September 14, 1585, admiral of a fleet of twenty-\\nfive ships and pinnaces and a company of 2,300 men,\\nDrake sailed out of Plymouth. One of his captains was\\nthe Arctic explorer, Martine Frobisher, not long before\\nthis returned from his search for the Northwest Passage\\nto Cathay, and from guiding his pioneer bark amid the\\nicy perils under the North Star, now come to court new\\nhazard in fighting Spaniards beneath the Southern Cross.\\nMaking for the coast of Spain, the Englishmen over-\\nhauled a stout Spanish ship laden with Poore John (the\\nsailors name for dried Newfoundland fish); extorted\\nfrom the Governor of Bayonne a present of wine, oyle,", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "54 Old St. Augustine.\\napples, marmalad and such like; and off Vigo captured\\na flotilla of caravels, in one of which they found a great\\ncrosse of silver of very faire embossed worke and double\\ngilt all over, having cost a great masse of money. Com-\\ning to the Cape Verde Islands, they took Porta Praya and\\nSt. lago; and having dallied long for the ransoms of\\nthose wretched towns, finally set out on their mission^\\nand turned their prows\\nWestward ho with a rumbelow,\\nAnd hurra for the Spanish Main, O\\nThe fleet arrived off San Domingo, Hispaniola, on\\nNew Year s Day, 1586. Two companies of troops\\nlanded, entered the gates on opposite sides of the city,\\ncut their way through all opposition, met in the market\\nplace in the center of the town, there took their stand,\\ndemanded ransom, enforced the demand by firing the\\ncity, received finally 25,000 ducats, and then sailed away\\nto the Main. By a furious onslaught and after much\\ndesperate fighting, they made themselves masters of Car-\\ntagena, and set about securing the ransom. What with one\\nday burning the houses and plundering the treasury, and\\nthe next dining and wining Bishop and Governor and\\nother grotesque medley of sacking, spoiling and conflagra-\\ntion, with divers courtesies and all kindness and favor\\nsix weeks passed away. Finally the 120,000 ducats de-\\nmanded were laid down; and then the fleet was ready to\\nset out for the real destination of the enterprise. This\\nwas the Spanish treasure houses at Nombre de Dios and\\nPanama, where the gold and silver were stored awaiting\\ntransportation to Spain. And thither they would now\\nhave gone but for the raging of a verie burning and", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "The English Sea-Kings. 55\\npestilent ague, which had been contracted at St. lago,\\nand of which several hundred of the men had already\\ndied. With the inconvenience of continuall mortalities,\\nwrites the historian of the expedition, we were forced to\\ngive over our intended enterprise, to goe with Nombre\\nde Dios, and so overland to Panama, where we should\\nhave strooken the stroke for the treasure, and full\\nrecompence of our tedious travails. Accordingly, with\\nwhat plunder they had already secured, they turned their\\nfaces homeward, and set sail for England. On the 20th\\nof May, being then off the Florida coast, they came in\\nsight of a watch tower, which was a token to them that\\nthere were Spaniards here. Their hostility to the race\\nwas sufficient inducement for them to approach the land\\nand fall upon the settlement; but when they found that it\\nwas none other than San Augustin, a more particular mo-\\ntive urged them on to the attack. This San Augustin\\nwas the town founded by Pedro Menendez d Aviles, a\\nSpaniard with whom Admiral Francis Drake and all other\\nEnglish sea-kings had a long-standing account to adjust.\\nTwenty years before this, certain Spanish ships of the\\nIndian fleet. Admiral Don Pedro Menendez d Aviles in\\ncommand, had come upon five brigs flying the Cross of\\nSt. George at the main. Menendez gave chase, overtook\\nthe brigs, delivered his broadside into them and cried,\\nDown with your flags, ye English dogs, ye thieves and\\npirates And in due time, the Englishmen being inca-\\npable of defense, the flags came down, and the crews\\nwere handed over to the tortures of the Inquisition.\\nThe memory of this Spanish outrage, as of all others like\\nit, had been cherished by English sailors; and many a", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "56 Old St. AiigtislZfie.\\ncaptain had looked forward to the time when fate should\\nmake him its chosen avenger. Upon Menendez himself\\nretaliation might not be wrought. Death had taken him\\naway unpunished; but here in Florida was the town\\nhe had planted, and upon it and its people, by a sort of\\npoetic justice, the debt might now be discharged.\\nDrake s flagship, the Elizabeth Bonavefttura, with the\\nPrimrose, the Tyger and the others of the fleet, came to\\nanchor off the harbor; and manning their pinnaces the\\nEnglishmen set out for the shore. What then transpired\\nbetween Spanish soldiers and English sea-kings is related\\nby Lieutenant Thomas Gates, one of Drake s officers,\\nwhose narrative, told after the manner of his time, is\\nmore befitting than any we could devise, so we will let\\nhim relate it:\\nAfter three dayes spent in watering our Ships, wee\\ndeparted now the second time from this Cape of S. An-\\nthony, the thirteenth of May, and proceeding about the\\nCape of Florida, wee never touched anywhere; but coast-\\ning alongst Florida and keeping the shore still in sight,\\nthe 28 of May, early in the morning, wee descried on the\\nshore a place built like a Beacon, which was indeede a\\nscaffold upon foure long mastes raised on ende, for men\\nto discover to the seaward, being in the latitude of thirtie\\ndegrees, or very neere thereunto. Our Pinnesses manned\\nand comming to the shore wee marched up alongst the\\nriver side to see what place the enemie held there; for\\nnone amongst us had any knowledge thereof at all.\\nHere the Generall tooke occasion t# march with the\\ncompanies himselfe in person, the Lieutenant generall\\nhaving the Vantguard; and going a mile up or somewhat", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "The English Sea-Kings. 57\\nmore by the river side, wee might discover on the other\\nside of the river over against us a Fort, hich newly had\\nbene built by the Spaniards; and some mile or thereabout\\nabove the Fort was a little Towne or Village without\\nwalles, built of woodden houses, as the Plot doeth plainely\\nshew. Wee forthwith prepared to have ordinance for the\\nbatterie; and one peece was a little before the enemie\\nplanted, and the first shot being made by the Lieutenant\\ngenerall himselfe at their Ensigne, strake through the\\nEnsigne, as wee afterwards understood by a Frenchman,\\nwhich came unto us from them. One shot more was then\\nmade, which strake the foote of the Fort wall, which was\\nall massive timber of great trees like Mastes. The Lieu-\\ntenant generall was determined to passe the river this\\nnight with 4 companies, and there to lodge him:elfe in-\\ntrenched, as neare the Fort as that he might play with\\nhis muskets and smallest shot upon any that should ap-\\npeare; and so afterwards to bring and plant the batterie\\nwith him: but the helpe of Mariners for that sudden to\\nmake trenches could not be had, which was the cause\\nthat this determination was remitted untill the next\\nnight. In the night, the Lieutenant generall tooke a\\nlittle rowing skiffe and halfe a dozen well armed, as Cap-\\ntaine I Iorgan and Captaine Sampson, with some others be-\\nsides the rowers, and went to view what guard the enemie\\nkept, as also to take knowledge of the ground. And\\nalbeit he went as covertly as might be, yet the enemie\\ntaking an Alarme, grew feareful that the whole force was\\napproching to the assault, and therefore with all speede\\nabandoned the place after the shooting of some of their\\npeeces. They thus gone and hee being returned unto us", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "58 Old St. Augustine.\\nagaine, but nothing knowing of their flight from their\\nFort, forthwith came a Frenchman, being a Phipher (who\\nhad been prisoner with them*), in a httle boate, playing\\non his Phiph the tune of the Prince of Orange his song;\\nand being called unto by the guard he tolde them, before\\nhe put foote out of his boate, what he was himselfe, and\\nhow the Spaniards were gone from the Fort; offering\\neither to remaine in hands there, or else to. return to the\\nplace with them that would goe.\\nUpon this intelligence the Generall and the Lieuten-\\nant generall, with some of the Captaines in one Skiffe,\\nand the Vice-Admirall with some others in his Skiffe, and\\ntwo or three Pinnesses furnished of Souldiers with them,\\nput presently over towards the Fort, giving order for the\\nrest of the Pinnesses to follow. And in our approch\\nsome of the enemie, bolder than the rest, having stayed\\nbehinde their companie, shot off two peeces of ordinance\\nat us; but on shore wee went, and entered the place\\nwithout finding any man there.\\nWhen the day appeared wee found it built all of tim-\\nber, the walles being none other but whole Mastes or\\nbodies of trees set up right and close together in manner\\nof a pale, without any ditch as yet made, but wholy in-\\ntended with some more time; for they had not as yet\\nfinished al their worke, having begunne the same some\\nthree or foure moneths before: so as to say the trueth,\\nthey had no reason to keepe it, being subject both to fire\\nand easie assault.\\nThe platforme whereon the ordinance lay was whole\\nbodies of long pine trees, whereof there is great plentie,\\nA marginal note tells us that this was Nicholas Burgoigne.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "The E7iglish Sea-Kings. 59\\nlayd a crosse one on another and some little earth\\namongst. There were in it thirteene or fourteene great\\npeeces of Brass ordinance and a chest unbroken up,\\nhaving in it the value of some two thousand pounds ster-\\nling, by estimation, of the King s treasure, to pay the\\nsouldiers of that place, who were a hundred and fiftie\\nmen.\\nThe Fort, thus wonne, which they called S. John s\\nFort, and the day opened, wee assayed to goe to the\\ntowne, but could not, by reason of some rivers and\\nbroken ground which was betweene the two places: and\\ntherefore being enforced to imbarke againe into our Pin-\\nnesses, wee went thither upon the great maine river,\\nwhich is called as also the Towne by the name of S.\\nAugustin.\\nAt our approching to land, there were some that\\nbegan to shew themselves, and to bestow some few shot\\nupon us, but presently withdrew themselves. And in\\ntheir running thus away, the Sergeant Major, finding one\\nof their horses ready sadled and brideled, tooke the\\nsame to follow the chase; and so overgoing all his com-\\npanie was (by one layd behinde a bush) shotte through\\nthe head; and falling downe therewith, was by the same\\nand two or three more stabbed in three or foure places of\\nhis body with swords and daggers, before any could\\ncome neere to his rescue. His death was much la-\\nmented, being in very deede an honest wise Gentleman,\\nand a souldier of good experience and of as great cour-\\nage as any man might be.\\nIn this place called S. Augustin, wee understood the\\nKing did keepe, as is before said, one hundred and fiftie", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "6o Old St. Aup usline.\\ni\\nsouldiers, and at another place, some dozen leagues\\nbeyond to the Northwards, called S. Helena, he did there\\nlikewise keepe an hundred and fiftie more, serving there\\nfor no other purpose than to keepe al! other nations from\\ninhabiting any part of all that coast; the government\\nwhereof was committed to one Pedro Melendez Marquesse,\\nnephew to that olde Melendez the Admiral, who had\\noverthrowen Master John Hawkins, in the bay of Mexico,\\nsome seventeene or eighteene yeeres agoe. This Gov-\\nernor had charge of both places, but was at this time in\\nthis place, and one of the first that left the same.\\nHeere it was resolved in full assembly of Captaines to\\nundertake the enterprise of S. Helena, and from thence\\nto seeke out the inhabitation of our English countrymen\\nin Virginia, distant from thence some sixe degrees\\nNorthward.\\nThe Englishmen burned the town, demolished Fort\\nSan Juan de Pinos, took on board the cannon and money,\\nand not forgetting the French fifer, sailed away from San\\nAugustin. They were deterred by the want of a pilot\\nfrom their intended enterprise of St. Helena, and went on\\nto Virginia. Directed, after the custom of those days, by\\nthe smoke of a great conflagration kindled on the land,\\nthey found Raleigh s people at Roanoke Island; and the\\ncolony was in such sorry plight that they were all taken\\naboard. Among the rest was Governor William Lane,\\nfor whom is claimed the credit (disputed by him with\\nRaleigh and others) of having, on this voyage with Drake\\nhome from San Augustin in the year 1586, first intro-\\nduced into England that Indian weed they call tabacca\\nand nicotia, or tobacco. Laden with booty and ran-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "The English Sca-Kines. 6i\\nb\\nsoms, and its admiral having made himself a terrible\\nman to the King of Spain (as the English Minister\\nwrote home from Madrid), the fleet entered Plymouth\\nharbor once more. In the following year Drake made\\nanother expedition to Cadiz, to singe the King of Spain s\\nbeard; and then, in 1588, Philip s Invincible Armada\\nat last sweeping down upon England, the Elizabeth Bona-\\nventura went into the fight, and Drake and Frobisher\\nand all other loyal English sea-kings made their valiant,\\nvictorious and forever memorable stand in that great\\nnaval combat, whose like the world had never seen, and\\non whose tremendous issue hung the life of Protestant\\nEngland and, in after years, the destinies of her colo-\\nnies in North America.\\nWhen the supply ships came from Spain to San\\nAugustin, with reinforcements for the garrison and ma-\\nterials for building anew Fort San Juan de Pinos, the\\nnew comers related to those here the fate that had\\novertaken the Armada called the Invincible. And as\\nthey told the bitter story how of its one hundred and\\nfifty floating castles ninety-six had gone down, shattered\\nby English cannon shot and consumed by fire-ships in\\nthe Channel, and engulfed amid the fury of the elements\\nin the North Sea; and then, how of all its 30,000, sol-\\ndiers, seamen, knights and galley-slaves, barely one-third\\nhad looked upon the shores of Spain again they men-\\ntioned, more than once, the English ship. The Revenge,\\nand its captain, Francis Drake, at whose name the eager\\nlisteners interrupted the tale, and heaped their bitterest\\nSpanish maledictions on the man who had ravaged their\\ntown and demolished their fort.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "X.\\nTHE FRANCISCANS.\\nO FLORIDA with the adventurer had come the\\nmissionary; one to win treasure, the other to\\nwin souls. The gold-seeker returned from his\\nquest chagrined; not so the Franciscan. He found\\nhere a field vast beyond reckoning; and, waiting to be\\ngathered, a harvest more precious than had been pic-\\ntured in the fondest dream of his pious enthusiasm.\\nThe military prestige of Florida soon faded away, but\\nyear by year its religious importance increased; and\\never, with the expansion of his work, the Franciscan s\\nzeal grew more intense and his labors more devoted.\\nThe country was in time erected into a religious prov-\\nince, with a chapter house of the Order of San Francisco\\nat San Augustin; and thence the members went forth to\\nplant the standard of their faith in the remotest wilder-\\nness. Far out on the border of savanna, in the depth of\\nforest, and on the banks of river and lake, by the side of\\nthe Indian trails westward to the Gulf, north among\\nthe villages of Alachua, and south to everglade fast-\\nnesses; here and there, and everywhere that lost souls", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "The Franciscans. 63\\nwere worshipping strange gods, the Franciscan built his\\nchapel, intrenched it round about with earthwork and\\npalisade, and gathered the erring children of the forest\\nto hear the wondrous story cf the Cross.\\nThe missionaries came to Florida as messengers of\\nthe Prince of Peace, but not even is this chapter of our\\nhistory free from its stain of tragedy. In the ancient\\nSpanish tome, parchment-bound and blurred with age, in\\nwhich are chronicled the passing of the years in this old\\ncity by the sea, amid the records of wars and the exploits\\nof military personages, a page is now and then devoted\\nto the labors and sufferings of ths Franciscan Fathers;\\nand among them is a relation of what befell, in the year\\n1597, at Tolomato and other Indian villages not far from\\nSan Augustin:\\nFor two 5 ears the friars of San Francisco employed\\nthemselves in preaching to the Indians of Florida. In\\nthe village of Tolemaro, or Tolomato, dwelt Brother\\nPedro de Corpa, a renowned preacher and expounder of\\nthe doctrine; against whom arose the eldest son and heir\\nof the cacique of the island of Guala, who, being dis-\\npleased with the blame which Father Corpa had laid\\nupon him, for being a Christian and living worse than a\\nGentile, left the village, because he could not endure\\nsuch treatment. He, however, returned to the village in\\na few days, towards the last of September, bringing many\\nIndians prepared for war, with bows and arrows, and\\nadorned with large feathers on their heads; and, entering\\nsilently into the town at night, they went to the house\\nwhere the father lived, broke down the frail gates, found\\nhim on his knees, and killed him with a battle-axe.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "64 Old St. At{g2istine.\\nThis unexpected atrocity became known in the village,\\nand although some showed signs of grief and sorrow,\\nthe majority, who were less oppressed thereat, on the\\nappearance of the son of the cacique joined themselves to\\nhim. On the following day he said to them: Now the friar\\nis dead. It would not have been thus had he let us live\\nas before instead of becoming Christians. Now let us\\nreturn to our old customs, and prepare for our defence\\nagainst the punishment which the Governor of Florida\\nwill undertake against us, v. hich punishment, if carried\\nout, will be as severe for this friar alone as it would hav3\\nbeen had we killed them all; for, in just the same way\\nwill we be persecuted for this one friar whom we have\\nkilled, as for all of tl em.\\nThat which was done was newly approved of by\\nthose who followed him; and they said that there was\\nno doubt that vengeance would be taken the same for\\none as for all. Then the barbarian continued: Since we\\nwill suffer no more punishment for one than for all, let\\nus regain the liberty that these friars have taken from us\\nwith promises of benefits that have not appeared, and in\\nthe hope of which they have wished that we should\\nexperience evils and torments these people whom we\\ncall Christians. They have persecuted our old people,\\ncalling them witches. They have deprived us of our\\nwomen, leaving us only one, and she for all time, forbid-\\nding us to exchange them. They have broken up our\\ndances, banquets, feasts, fires and wars, so that, not ac-\\ncustomed to them, we are losing the ancient valor and\\ndexterity of our ancestors. Yet our labor is of some\\nconsequence to them; and although we are will-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "The Franciscans. 65\\ning to do all that they say, yet they are not content.\\nAlways they are scolding us, troubling us, oppressing us,\\npreaching to us, calling us bad Christians, and depriving\\nus of all the happiness that our ancestors enjoyed. With\\nthe hope that they will give us Heaven, they are deceiv-\\ning us by getting us under subjection, working us into\\ntheir ways. What have we to look for, if not to be\\nslaves If we put all to death, we threw off this heavy\\nyoke at once, and our valor will reach the Governor, who\\nmay then treat us well. The multitude agreed in what\\nhe said; and as a sign of their victory they cut off the\\nhead of Father Corpa, and placed it on a spear in the\\ndoor as a trophy of their conquest, and they hid the body\\nin a wood, where it could never be found.\\nPassing to the village of Topiqui, where dwelt Brother\\nBias Rodriguez, they entered suddenly, telling him they\\nhad come to kill him. Brother Bias asked them to allow\\nhim first to say a mass, and they suspended their ferocity\\na short time for this; and as soon as he had finished say-\\ning it they gave him so many blows that they finished\\nhim, and cast his body out in the field that the birds and\\nbeasts might devour it. But none would approach it\\nexcept a dog, who was attracted to it, and touching it,\\nfell dead. Afterward an old Indian, who was a Christian^\\nrecognized it, and gave it burial in the wood.\\nThence they went to the village of Assopo, in the\\nisland of Guala, where were Brother Miguel de Aufion\\nand Brother Antonio Badajoz. These knew in advance\\ntheir approach; and flight being impossible, Brother\\nMiguel began to say mass, and Brother Antonio adminis-\\ntered the Blessed Sacrament, and both engaged in prayer.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "66 Old St. Augustiite.\\nFour hours after, the Indians entered, and put Brother\\nAntonio to dea h at once with a ?naca?ia* and afterwards\\ngave Brother Miguel two blows with it; and having left\\nthe bodies in the same place, some Christian Indians\\nburied them at the foot of a very high cross, which this\\nsame Brother Miguel had erected in the field.\\nThe Indians continued their cruelty, and went in\\ngreat haste to the village of Asao, where lived Brother\\nFrancisco de Velascola a native of Castro-Urdiales, a\\nvery poor and humble monk, but of such great strength\\nthat he caused the Indians great fear. He was at that\\ntime in the city of San Augustin. Great was the trouble\\nof the Indians, because it seemed that they had accom-\\nplished nothing if they left Brother Francisco alive.\\nThey inquired in the village the day that he would return\\nto it, and they were at the place where he had to land,\\nhidden amongst a kind of rushes near the water s edge.\\nBrother Francisco came in a canoe; and dissimulating\\ntheir real purpose, they ran to him and caught him by\\nthe shoulders, giving him many blows with the macanas\\nand axes, until his soul entered to God.\\nThey passed on to the village of Aspo, where lived\\nBrother Francisco Davila, who, as soon as he heard the\\ntumult through the doorways, took advantage of the\\nnight to escape in the field. The Indians followed him,\\nand although he had concealed himself in a thicket,\\nthey sent three arrows into his shoulder by the light of\\nthe moon, and trying to follow to finish him, an Indian\\ninterfered, to whom he was left for the poor clothing that\\nhe had, to whom he was delivered naked, and well bound,\\nA wooden weapon tipped with flint.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "The Franciscans. 67\\nand was carried to a village of infidel Indians to be held\\nin bondage there.\\nBut the punishment of God did not fail these cruel\\nones, for many of them who took part in these murders\\nWere hanged with the cords of their own bows, and others\\nperished horribly; and throughout the province God sent\\na great famine, of which many Indians died.\\nOther massacres followed. But not thus was the\\nplanting of the Faith in Florida to be arrested, nor thus\\nwere the laborers to be deterred from gathering the har-\\nvest. Led into deadly ambush by pretended converts,\\nwhose hearts had been seared by Spanish cruelty; smit-\\nten down in sacerdotal robe at the very foot of the altar;\\ntheir chapels robbed and burned by savage, English sea-\\nman and Boucanier; their brothers, on the way from\\nSpain, swallowed up by the sea, in the sight of the con-\\nvent at San Augustin through all this, and more, the\\nFranciscans zeal endured, and their enthusiasm burned\\nwith an ever brighter glow. Nor was the flame finally\\nquenched, until that after time, when the British having\\nfirst plundered the chapels and led away the mission\\nflocks into captivity came at length into possession of\\nthe country; and the Franciscan departed with the Span-\\niard out of Florida.\\nThe accessible records of the Franciscans here are few\\nand meagre. How far their missions extended, how\\nnumerous were the converts who bowed before their\\npersuasive eloquence, what they did and endured, their\\nsufferings and martyrdoms, toils, triumphs and achieve-\\nments these perchance are recorded in the monastic\\narchives of the order, and thence some time may the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "68 Old St. Augustine,\\ngolden story be yet transcribed, when, indeed, the pen\\nshall be found that is worthy to write it.\\nLong years after the Franciscans had abandoned their\\nmissions in Florida, and their chapels had fallen into\\ndecay, the Quaker botanist William Bartram, camping at\\nnight beneath the moss-hung oaks on the border of the\\ngreat Alachuan savanna, saw on the dark bosom of an In-\\ndian woman, suspended by a tiny chain from her wampum\\ncollar and shining in the firelight, a silver crucifix. And\\nagain, in the early years of the present century, a band of\\nAmerican explorers in the Everglades, penetrating to\\nLake Okeechobee, found on one of its islands the ruins\\nof a structure of stone; and there, overgrown by tangled\\nverdure, its Ora pro nobis corroded by the elements, its\\nvoice dead with the lapse of untold years, lay a mission\\nbell, in its silence still eloquent of the sunny days, long\\nago, when the worshippers gathered at its call; and the\\ndusky hunter halted in the chase, and the women paused\\nin the maize fields, to kneel with uncovered head at the\\nringing of the Angelus.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "XI.\\nTHE BOUCANIERS.\\nA SIEMPRE FIEL CIUDAD\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the ever-faithful\\ncity was planted here by the sea, to take what\\nfortune the fates might send. In 1665 they\\nsent the Boucaniers.\\nThe domestic animals imported by Columbus and his\\nfollowers into the island of Hispaniola, and abandoned\\nthere when the mines had been exhausted, reverted to a\\nwild state and increased and multiplied. Herds of\\nhorses and cattle pastured on the savannas, droves of\\nhogs made their lair in the jungles; and packs of dogs,\\nsprung from those brought by the Spaniards to hunt the\\nIndians, ranged over the island, savage as wolves and\\npreying on the cattle and swine. A band of French sea-\\nrovers came to the northern coast of the island in 1630,\\nand finding the game there worthy of their prowess,\\nestablished a colony of hunters and butchers. Armed\\nwith heavy muskets and attended by the dogs, which\\nthey tamed and trained to assist them in the chase, these\\nmen spent their lives in the pursuit of the huge prey,\\nupon whose flesh they depended for subsistence. The", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "70 Old St. Augustine.\\nmeat was prepared after the Carib fashion, being smoked\\nor boucaned (from the Indian word boucati), whence the\\nhunters received their name of Boucaniers. Their life\\nwas one of continuous hardship and hazard. Engaged\\none day in terrible conflict with the wild bulls, and the\\nnext in yet more desperate fray with the Spanish\\nlanceros, who were sent to drive them from Hispaniola,\\nthey became inured to the most extreme physical priva-\\ntion, and grew in spirit as fierce as their savage prey.\\nThe ranks of the first comers were subsequently recruited\\nby the arrival of other lawless French and Dutch, until,\\nhaving gained strength by these repeated accessions, they\\nintrenched themselves in impregnable island strongholds\\nand successfully repulsed the Spanish expeditions sent to\\ndislodge them.\\nAt length, apprehensive of the growing power of these\\nvoluntary exiles so strongly banded together, and having\\nutterly failed to overcome them by other expedients,\\nSpain landed her troops and waged a war of extermina-\\ntion upon the wild cattle of Hispaniola. The game thus\\ndestroyed, and with its destruction their means of sub-\\nsistence gone, the Boucaniers exchanged one savage\\noccupation for another. From seeking food, they turned\\nto seek revenge; from the forests, they took to the sea;\\nfrom hunting wild bulls, they went to hunting Spaniards.\\nThe name Boucanier no longer signified the inoffensive\\nhunter, living on his boucanj taking on a new and\\nominous import, it meant the sea-rover, whose whole soul\\nWas intent upon revenge, and who lived only that he\\nmight pursue his enemy. The first and true sea Bou-\\ncaniers were not pirates, waging an indiscriminate war on", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "The Boucaniers. 71\\nall mariners; they singled out Spanish ships. Their im-\\npelling motive was not greed, but hate. Afterwards\\nthese hunter-seamen from Hispaniola, the Boucaniers\\nproper, were joined by other freebooters. There was,\\nfor instance, the gay Parisian, Ravenau de Susson, who,\\nbeing heavily in debt and desirous of extricating himself\\nfrom his pecuniary embarrassments in an honorable man-\\nner, enlisted with the Boucaniers, that he might have\\nwherewithal to satisfy his creditors. Another French-\\nman, Montebaro, reading of the execrable cruelties of the\\nSpaniards in America, conceived so violent a hatred of\\nthem that he speedily set out to the West Indies,\\nwhere he became a Boucanier chief and won and wore\\nright worthily his cognomen of The Exterminator.\\nAbsolved from the laws and customs of their native\\nland, the Boucaniers devised a code of their own for the\\nconduct of their enterprises and the division of booty.\\nWhen a prize had been taken, an indemnity was first\\npaid to such as had been wounded in the action, the\\namount awarded each one being proportioned to the\\nnature of his injury; and if a comrade had been killed\\nin the fray his share was given to some hospital, and the\\nbeneficiary was admonished to pray for the soul of the\\ndead. The wounded and killed having thus been\\nprovided for, the rest of the plunder was divided equally,\\nshare and share alike, each man taking an oath on his\\ngun that he had kept nothing back; and if any liar was\\ndetected among them, him, taking to a desert island, they\\nleft to starve; and his share of the prize went to purchase\\nmasses for the souls of comrades slain in the fight.\\nNo sooner had the Boucaniers been driven from their", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "72 Old St. Augustine.\\nisland retreat than they became the scourge of the Span-\\nish Main. Boucanier sail hovered about the plate-fleets;\\nand woe to the galleon that lagged behind or was sepa-\\nrated from her convoys; the rovers fell to the attack, be\\nthe odds what they might. It is related that Pierre-le-\\nGrand, one of these first of the hunter-avengers, put to\\nsea with twenty-eight men in a canoe, and at dusk bore\\ndown on a huge treasure-laden galleon. Rowing along-\\nside in the darkness, the adventurers scuttled their\\ncanoe, scrambled for very life over the rails of the ship,\\nand before the dumbfounded crew recovered from their\\nterror at what they cried out were veritable devils from\\nthe deep, made themselves masters of the prize. Such\\nwas their warfare. The sight of a Spanish sail was ever\\na signal for pursuit. Were the chances desperate, so was\\nthe onslaught terrific; the crew knelt on the deck for\\nprayer, then went into the fight with the fury of demons.\\nNot content with devastating the seas, the Boucaniers\\nsacked the ports, and marching overland, plundered the\\nrich cities of the interior. The appearance of their ships\\non the coast was everywhere greeted with alarm; before\\ntheir coming the citizens retired into the citadels, or fled\\nin consternation to the wilderness.\\nFrom such a band of hostile sea-rovers preying upon\\nthe Spanish possessions in America San Augustin could\\nnot hope for immunity. The attack came in 1665, and\\nin this wise.\\nA certain Dutch Boucanier, John Davis, having\\ncruised long without taking a prize, resolved upon\\nthe sacking of Granada, a town of New Spain, forty\\nleagues inland, and defended by a garrison of 800 troops.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "The Boucaniers. i^\\nComing upon the coast in the night, Davis concealed his\\nship among the mangroves of the lagoon, and with sixty\\nmen in three canoes set out on his perilous enterprise.\\nThey rowed up the stream by night, and during the day\\nlay concealed in the thick foliage of the banks. The\\nthird midnight they reached the gate of the city. To\\nthe sentinel s challenge the first comers replied that they\\nwere fishermen. He admitted them. They stabbed him.\\nThen they separated; and going in different directions\\nthrough the silent streets, knocked at the houses. The\\ndoors were opened as to friends. In rushed the Bou-\\ncaniers, and rummaged for plunder. From the dwellings\\nthey hurried to ransack the churches, pillaged the plate\\nand stripped the ornaments from the altars. Roused out of\\nits midnight slumber by these invaders none knew whom\\nnor whence the city straightway was in an uproar. Tre-\\nmendous was the hurly-burly. On every side were heard\\ncries and lamentations of those who had been robbed.\\nRecovering their wits, the citizens rallied, rang the alarm-\\nbells, beat the drum, and rushed to arms. Suddenly as\\nthey had come, the Boucaniers were off again. Well\\nladen with plunder, and carrying along some prisoners,\\nthey made all haste to the lagoon, where their ships were\\nawaiting them; exchanged their captives for a ransom of\\nbeef; up with their sails; and drew out from shore just in\\ntime to escape a volley of bullets, sent after them by 500\\nSpanish infantry, who came dashing on the double-quick\\ndown to the water s edge. With their booty of above\\n4,000 pieces-of-eight* in ready money, besides great\\nquantities of plate uncoined and many jewels, all of\\nA Spanish coin of the value of one dollar.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "74 Old St. Augustine.\\nwhich was computed to be worth the sum of 50,000\\npieces-of-eight or more, they sailed away to Jamaica.\\nBut as this sort of people, says an old writer who was\\nh mse lf a Boucanier, are never masters of their money\\nbut a very little while, so were they soon constrained to\\nseek more by the same means they had used before.\\nHis exploit at Granada having caused Captain John\\nDavis to be esteemed an able commander of such enter-\\nprises, presently after his return to Jamaica he was chosen\\nadmiral of a fleet of seven or eight Boucanier ships; and\\nsailed away to the north of Cuba, where he lay in wait\\nto intercept the plate-fleets on their way to Spain. Days,\\nweeks and months went by, but no treasure ships came;\\nand his patience at length being exhausted, the redoubt-\\nable admiral bethought him of some other luckless Span-\\nish town upon which to make proof of his valor. And\\nso it came to pass that, one fine morning in the year 1665,\\nthe sentinel in the watch-tower opposite San Augus-\\ntin, having descried to the south a Boucanier sail,\\nfired the alarm-gun and hoisted the signal flag. Hearing\\nand seeing which, the distracted inhabitants took to their\\nheels the garrison after them; and all together fled into\\nthe interior. There, the Boucaniers behind and the\\nsavages in front, with what fortitude they could muster\\nthey lay in concealment; until the invaders, having found\\nneither victims nor booty, demolished the houses, and\\nput to sea again. lis n y firent pas grand butin, car les\\nHabitans de ce lieu son fort pauvres, says the record they\\ndid not find much booty, for the people of this town are\\nvery poor.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "m", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "XII.\\nBRITISH CANNON BALLS.\\nHE two fortified strongholds of Pengacola on the\\nGulf and San Augustin on the Atlantic; here\\na fort and there a watch-tower; and scattered\\nthrough the province a score or two of intrenched mis-\\nsion posts this was Florida, a century and a half after\\nMenendez had come to establish his Western empire. Of\\nthe Spanish possessions north of Mexico, San Augustin\\nwas still the most important, and the completion of its\\nelaborate defenses was the task of the King s agents\\nhere. From Old Spain and the Havannah the cartel-\\nships brought fresh bands of convicts, to join the cap-\\ntive Indians in their toil at the fortifications; year after year\\nthe chain-gangs hewed the blocks of coquina shell-stone\\nfrom the quarries on St. Anastatia Island; the galley-slaves\\nferried their burdens over the Matanzas; and tier upon tier\\nrose the curtains and bastions, and above them the ramparts\\nand battlements, of Fort San Marco. The expenditure of\\ntreasure, toil and life, through all these years, was not to be\\nin vain; the castle was destined yet to withstand the shock\\nof war, that else would drive the Spaniard from Florida.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "76 Old St. Augustine.\\nNew foes menaced San Augustin. English planters\\nhad come to establish the colony of Carolina. This was\\na trespass upon Spanish territory, and was promptly\\nresented. Emulating the zeal of Menendez, the Governor\\nof San Augustin dispatched his galleys to exterminate\\nthe intruders; but his well-laid plans miscarried; and the\\nfruitless expedition came back in disgrace.* Years of\\ncontention followed. The pirates, who preyed on Spanish\\ncommerce, found ready protection in Charles Town, and\\nsold their booty there; the Carolina tribes captured\\nSpanish Indians, and took them to the English merchants,\\nwho traded them off for rum and sugar in the West\\nIndies. The Spanish Governor, in turn, promised the\\nindentured white servants of the British colonists protec-\\ntion and liberty in Florida, proclaimed freedom for run-\\naway slaves from Carolina plantations, and welcomed all\\nfugitives from justice. For the outrages suffered at the\\nhands of the other, each race sought retaliation. Fleets\\nof galleys went out to plunder and burn the Carolina\\nThe spirit of the time is shown by the following incidents, set forth in the\\nreport of a committee of the Commons House of Assembly of the Province of\\nSouth Carolina, 1740: In 1686 Lord Cardross having\\njust come over and settled at Beaufort on Port-Royal with a number of North-\\nBritons, the Spaniards coming in Three Galleys from Augustine landed upon them,\\nkilled and whipped a great many, after taken, in a most cruel and barbarous\\nmanner plundered them all and broke up that Settlement. The same Galleys\\nrun up next to Bear Bluff on North Edisto River, where these Spaniards\\nagain landed, burnt the Houses, plundered the Settlers, and took Landgrave Mor-\\nton s Brother Prisoner. Their further Progress was happily prevented by a\\nHurricane, which drove two of the Galleys up so high on the Land that not being\\nable to get one of them off again and the Country being by that time sufficiently\\nAlarmed, they thought proper to make a Retreat, but first set Fire to that Galley\\non board of which Mr Morton was actually then in Chains and most inhumanly\\nburnt in her. Hewit (History of South Carolina) tell us that Sullivan s Island\\nreceived its name from one Florence O Sullivan, to whom the settlers gave a great\\ngun, which he placed on an island situate at the mouth of the harbor, to alarm\\nthe town in cases of invasion from the Spaniards.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "British Cannon Balls. yy\\nsettlements; and the English invaded Florida and ad-\\nvanced upon San Augustin.\\nIn 1702, with an army of regulars, militia and Indians,\\ncame Governor Moore, of Carolina, to chastise the Span-\\niard, sack the town, demolish the castle and lead home a\\nretinue of Indian slaves. At his approach, garrison and\\ntownspeople withdrew into Fort San Marco, shut them-\\nselves in with supplies for four months, raised the draw-\\nbridge and laughed defiance at the British forces.\\nMoore invested the castle and entered upon a regular\\nsiege. There were sorties, feints and strategies. The\\nsiege was maintained for three months; and then, tired of\\nthe fruitless bombardment, Moore dispatched one of his\\nofficers to Jamaica for heavier artillery. Hardly had the\\nship disappeared to the southward, when two vessels, fly-\\ning the Spanish ensign, hove in sight off the bar. Presto\\nthe siege was raised; ships, stores and ammunition aban-\\ndoned; and the Englishmen incontinently vanished.\\nBack, three hundred miles overland to Charles Town,\\nwent Moore; and out from behind the coquina bastions\\ncame the released Spaniards, and set about the task of\\nbuilding anew their burned dwellings.\\nFour years later an armament set sail from San Augus-\\ntin bent on the destruction of the British. When they\\narrived off the coast, the columns of smoke on Sullivan s\\nIsland signaled their coming; thunder of alarm-gun, roll\\nof drum and clatter of mounted couriers spread the\\ntidings; and obedient to the call, the planters rallied to\\nCharles Town, repulsed the Spaniards, took 300 prison-\\ners, and drove the rest back to the shelter of San\\nAugustin.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "78 Old St. Augustine.\\nMock warfare this. But where Spanish prowess availed\\nnaught, Spanish craft might yet triumph; where pike and\\nbullet failed, the scalping-knife might yet do its work.\\nThe Indian received his commission, and terrible was its\\nexecution. Persuaded that the English were heretics,\\nwho must go to perdition, whither the savage too must\\nfollow, unless he drove them from the land Yemassee,\\nCreek and Cherokee fell upon the Carolina settlers in\\nmidnight surprise, massacred men, women and children;\\nand frenzied with their success, brought the scalps in\\ntriumph to San Augustin, where ringing of bells and\\nfiring of guns welcomed them, and gave token of the\\ngeneral rejoicing here.\\nMeanwhile the English colony of Georgia was founded,\\nwith outposts planted on the very peninsula of Florida;\\nand now more bitter than ever grew the warfare. English\\nscout-boats patrolled the inland waters, and cut off the\\nescape of runaway Carolina slaves, on their way to join\\nthe regiment of negro fugitives at San Augustin. Spanish\\ncosta-guardas cruised off the Georgia and Carolina har-\\nbors, intercepted English merchant ships, and brought\\nthe crews to join the chain-gangs in the Anastatia quar-\\nries. Once, indeed, there came a lull, when Governor\\nDon Francisco del Moral assented to a proposal for the\\nadjustment of the boundary dispute. But for such a\\nlack of spirit, unbecoming a Spaniard and unworthy the\\nGovernor of Florida, Don Moral was speedily summoned\\nhome to Madrid, where by royal decree his head was\\nsevered from his shoulders, and his estate sequestered\\nfor the defenses of San Augustin; and under new rule,\\nthe town resumed once more its martial air, and made", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "British Cannon Balls. 79\\nready, as well indeed it might, to withstand yet again\\nthe attack of its foes.\\nIn June, 1740, Governor Oglethorpe, of Georgia, set\\nout with an army by land and a fleet by sea to destroy\\nSan Augustin and drive the Spaniard out of Florida.\\n**If it shall please God to give you success, ran the\\nroyal instructions from the English King, George II.,\\nyou are either to demolish the fort and bastions, or put\\na garrison in it, to prevent the Spaniards from endeavour-\\ning to retake and settle the said place again at any\\ntime hereafter. But neither King of England nor\\nGovernor of Georgia knew the strength of the coquina\\nwalls it was thus proposed to overthrow.\\nThe British mustered all their forces: the Grena-\\ndiers from Gibraltar; kilted Highlanders armed with\\nClaymores and marching to the bagpipes; Saltzburger\\nreligious refugees, who had heard the story of the\\nHuguenots fate in Florida; Carolina militia, intent on\\navenging the savage massacres of their friends; and a\\ntroop of Carolina Indians, eager to wreak their hatred on\\nthe Spaniards. The hosts came on as to victory. Fort\\nSan Mateo capitulated at their approach. They drove in\\nthe Horse Guards from the San Juan, carried Fort San\\nFrancisco de Poppa by assault, routed the garrison from\\nFort Picolata, captured the fortified plantation of San\\nDiego; and advancing within two miles of the town\\nitself, stormed Fort Moosa, which was occupied by a\\nregiment of runaway Carolina slaves, and drove its\\ngarrison into San Augustin.\\nNow the time was come to prove the strength of\\ncoquina-built San Marco. Within its walls a strange", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "8o Old St, Augustine.\\nassemblage was gathered. The inhabitants of the town,\\nold and young, had flocked to its protection; and with\\nthem were the garrison of regulars, the host of friendly\\nIndians, the negro troops, and the convicts, now given\\ntheir liberty and supplied with arms. Altogether, shut\\nup in the fort, were 3,000 souls.\\nThe British fleet, with Oglethorpe in command, arrived\\noff the bar; the troops disembarked; the cannon were\\nlanded; and batteries were planted on St. Anastatia\\nIsland, opposite the fort, and at Point San Mateo on the\\nnorth shore of the harbor. Mortar and coehorn opened\\nfire on San Marco; and the Governor of Georgia de-\\nmanded of the Governor of Florida to surrender. To the\\nsummons, Manuel de Montiano sent back an answer\\nworthy the gallant Spanish Don he was, swearing by\\nthe Holy Cross that he would defend the castle to the\\nlast drop of his blood; and he hoped soon to kiss his\\nExcellency s hand within its walls. A trial of\\nstrength ensued; but it was not of coquina battlements\\nagainst the crashing of cannon balls. For twenty suc-\\ncessive days the batteries on Anastatia discharged their\\nmissiles, and the walls of San Marco did not tremble.\\nThe struggle was fiercer than cne of arms. Spanish\\nfortitude was pitted against the pangs of starvation;\\nEnglish constitutions were matched against the fierce\\nsummer heat and the maddening insect hordes of Anas-\\ntatia Island. Week after week went by. The beleag-\\nured Spaniards grew gaunt with famine. The British,\\nwilting beneath the sun,were prostrated by fevers. On\\nboth sides the struggle was most desperate; but in the\\nend the Spaniard triumphed. Montiano s piteous", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "A VIEW oit]\\\\e- TOWJV HuA fASTLJR of STAUGUSTINE.\\nau lthe ENGLISH CAAIP heiore it June 20.1740.1.7 TFfO^ SILVER.\\n-7 V;^.4r5toi^^\\n^^m^^mm^^^^^^^\\nXortii Dr^^:kfrs\\nrH--\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^T~\\nl\\n^j.tfe.-^\u00e2\u0080\u009ei^A^^te\\nr Kusiatia iHlaod whuh u chjiefiy Scmti Bushes\\n1) ^tulonK hoxluuj Cannon. uvrea ^(tf0ie Castle.\\nt: A Scrlh lYenrk ff i- a Forfar of 24 t JO w\\nF Gt?n O^ethorps ^oldurs Indians d: Seulort T W/t\\nj1 Lookout taken th^ I2*^ofJune\\nSoldiers and. SaOors Uinding Jumu tiieJl^\\n1 A Sand Baeury ifuited at oiir approach\\nR Cap^ Warren (/tmrn/inder over the Sailors hoisting\\nt/ie ITraowFUi^ on board (f Schooner\\nI Tlif Sailors wdls to Water the S^pin^\\ni Fla/nhorouffh. 2 Sector. 3 SguirreZ.\\n4 Tartar. oFhtenU.\\nSlaops 6 Wolf. 7 Spmce\\nJimployftw. this Erpedition. uboiit ZOtiSenmen\\n400 Soldiers and JOfUmh tm.v\\nForces of Hie Spaniards WOO besides u strong Cn if\\nami 4 Fortifyed. Barks and oiShaUow River hindYing\\nonrSluppwgs Playing tnthem\\nr( cgli. Uif. Fcirji an. ^itmiu.^Uif Fiiii\u00e2\u0080\u009e uitf,t/i\u00c2\u00a3, iart r\\nTr Ttttien t, a-td- 1* iquirral CipS Wiirren of 20 Guns oififtbc\\nttdea iht, .Soence SLoop Cap Xt^ imd. \u00c2\u00a3l\u00c2\u00a3 Vot^ Cap-ffnr^tigc-\\nAi S*^U 1^ Vandcx Ihie ii \u00c2\u00bbtir 300 cetroluis ^otdur* upfiM^^\\nOt ffo Lh aftii^Tmm. Onthe\u00c2\u00bb* G\u00c2\u00abn Oglediurpe rtiffi/- t\\\\Sco\\nwxd 30J Soldiers and JOO Induing Avm Georgia h the JO*ih^\\\\\\nwc Mrrirti/ a. ^hvrg m- liwMgfi^ of ffTirj bflaiis undo- tltn cavfr of\\niii\u00c2\u00bb sfTUiO Sfu p-f tiuns- I ^iey Landed oit. tiui Island EnsUitin witti,-\\nout, Opposia on- iutd tiiok, thr, lA}ohota. ul G.\\nThfU CapT Warren in a SAoonef and other Armfii Sftvp^atul\\ny^augtrs andiered in^ tha r Barbour jtLst out of Cinnvn sJuH tiU\\nIhfi^t wii n thg Saiit^rs were employ^ in landing Oninnnee and\\nofhff^ Stores wiffiin R/iiidi. of 1^ Entmya Cannon^ On. whieh Oeoaaion\\nthey distoter d a. surprising Spirit and Inmpidity. The same tu^hi Oto\\nfiaUe rifs were raa d. but tvo far aft.\\nTtu Z7 tii6 General sumnwn d ih^ Govurnour tp Surrend^. tffia\\n.tr it tront fie- s/iould bt giad hi shake- hands with^ him. in his Castle.\\nThis hanghtK answer vas onatsum d dear bought Vietcry. whidi\\n.WO Spanian/s hud obtain d over 00 Jl^hlaacUrs SO of wham were\\nstain but died likt, Stroeskdlinff Oiriee- theirnumter.\\nITw 29 bad tvcpffter obliged the men- itf WarUpUt to sen, oufofw^", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "British Cannon Balls. 8i\\nappeals were borne down the coast by Indian runners,\\nand taken over by messengers in canoes to the Gov-\\nernor of Cuba; and at last succor came. The rescuers\\neluded the vigilance of Oglethorpe, smuggled in the pro-\\nvisions past the English scout-boats, and by night came\\nto the salvation of the 3,000 famishing wretches in the\\nfort; whereupon since a full stomach makes a brave\\nheart the Spaniards took courage again. But to the\\nBritish, time brought no alleviation of their woes. With\\nthe approach of July the summer s heat grew more piti-\\nless; the sandflies, the gnats and mosquitoes, in ever\\nmultiplying hosts, rallied yet more furiously to their gall-\\ning onslaught. Then came a new peril, a force against\\nwhose overwhelming might resolution and valor counted\\nas nothing. It was that agency which two hundred years\\nbefore had risen to drive the foes of San Augustin to ruin.\\nThe tempests began to blow; and fearing lest the fate of\\nRibault s fleet should be their own, the British captains\\nslipped their cables; and putting to sea, sailed for home.\\nOglethorpe followed. Abandoning artillery, boats and\\nstores (at which last the Spaniards were filled with won-\\nder and gratitude), the English general crossed over to\\nthe mainland north of the fort, and with drums beating\\nand colors flying, marched away to the San Juan s, and\\nthence in periaguas made his retreat back to Georgia.\\nThere, in good time, Montiano followed, at the head of\\nfifty-three ships and 5,000 troops, to exterminate the\\ncolonies of Georgia and Carolina, as well as all to the\\nnorth of them; and so, once for all, to drive the British\\nout from North America. At St. Simon s Island Ogle-\\nthorpe met him. For fifteen days, with an army of 625\\n6", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "82 Old St. Augustine.\\nthe valiant Englishman held the Spaniard s 5,000 at bay;\\nby bold stratagem repulsed and drove them back; and\\nfollowing close upon their heels, chased them to the very\\nbars of San Augustin and Matanzas; and so made good\\nthat memorable deliverance of Georgia, which, George\\nWhitefield wrote, was such as cannot be paralleled but\\nby some instances out of the Old Testament.\\nSo the farcical and fruitless warfare went on twenty\\nyears longer, as it might have continued to this day, had\\nnot the mother countries put an end to the contentions of\\ntheir colonial children. By the treaty of 1763, England,\\nhaving previously by force of arms gained possession of\\nCuba, restored that island to Spain; and Spain in return\\nmade over to England her possessions in Florida. By\\nthis exchange the San Augustin of the Spaniards became\\nthe Saint Augustine of the English; and over the battle-\\nments of San Marco, which had so long and so bravely\\nheld out against the shock of British cannon balls, floated\\nthe Cross of St. George.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "V- --^JH^^^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2QP^\\nX\\no", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "XIII.\\nTHE MINORCANS.\\nN the Mediterranean, seventy miles from the\\ncoast of Spain, lies Minorca. The white cliffs\\nrise abrupt from a crystal sea. Olive-embos-\\nomed villages nestle on the slopes; and beyond, purple in\\nthe distance, towers the mountain peak of El Toro, the\\nconvent of Our Lady of the Bull glistening like a star\\non the summit. The people are simple-hearted, honest,\\nindustrious. Travelers tell us that robbery and begging\\nare unknown in Minorca.\\nThe island has been known in history; here and there,\\namid its orange groves and palms and vineyards, are mon-\\numents of fallen races. Druidical monoliths stand\\nmysterious, as they have endured for centuries;\\npicturesque remains of Moorish watchtowers crown the\\nsummits near the sea; mediaeval fortifications crumble on\\nthe crests of inland hills, scanty patches of wheat are\\ngrown in the moats of ancient castles; the ilex and the\\ncactus clothe the ruins of long deserted monasteries.\\nMinorca (named by its Roman conquerors, the Less)\\nand Majorca (the Greater) belong to the group of", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "84 Old St. Augustine.\\nBalearic Islands. The name Balearic, derived from a\\nGreek v/ord meaning to throw, was given to them because\\nthe islanders were famous for their skill with the sling,\\nas are the Minorcan shepherds to this day. In ancient\\ntimes, when the Carthagenians wanted strong-armed sling-\\ners to fight their battles, they found them in the Balearic\\nIslands; in the Fifteenth century, when Spain needed\\ntimber for her treasure ships, she built whole fleets from\\nthe forests of Majorca; in the early part of the Seven-\\nteenth century, when the Indian tribes of the Pacific\\ncoast of North America were waiting for the message of\\nthe Cross, Majorca sent them Father Junipero, to found\\nthe Franciscan Missions of California; in the middle of\\nthe Eighteenth century, when certain English planters\\nrequired stout-hearted colonists to till their indigo planta-\\ntions in the new British province of Florida, they sought\\nthem in Minorca; and a hundred years later, when\\nAmerica, in the desperate throes of civil war, called\\nfor a hero to take her fleet through the smoke and flame\\nof New Orleans and past the rebel forts in Mt)bile Bay,\\nshe found that hero in the son of a Minorcan father.\\nIn the year 1767, a company of London capitalists,\\nrepresented by one Dr. Andrew Turnbull, brought out to\\ntheir grant in Florida fifteen hundred colonists. They\\nwere chiefly Minorcans, with a few Greeks and Italians.\\nThe site of the plantation, fifty miles below St. Augustine,\\non Musquito Inlet, was named by Turnbull, after his\\nGreek wife s birth place, New Smyrna. It was a fertile\\nridge of land, where the magnolia bloomed and the\\norange grew wild with the jasmine. Here the Minorcans\\nbuilt their palmetto huts; set out about the doorways the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "The Minor cans. 85\\ncuttings of vine and fig from their Mediterranean island\\nhome; and incited by the bright promises of reward,\\nentered bravely and with hopeful hearts upon the task\\nof preparing the wilderness for the crops of sugar and\\nindigo.\\nThe illusion, like many another here in Florida before\\nand since, was all too soon dispelled. It was the\\nrehearsal of a story old as the days of the Israelites in\\nEgypt: on one hand, violated pledges, treachery, exacting\\ntyranny and cruelty born of cupidity; on the other, un-\\nrequited toil, patient suffering, and at the last a broken\\nspirit.\\nAfter two weary years had passed, driven to despera-\\ntion by the inhuman rule of their taskmasters and in par-\\nticular (since the names of petty tyrants do not always\\nperish with their bodies) of one Cutter, the unhappy\\ncolonists resolved upon flight. To this end, having\\nseized some small craft in the harbor, they fitted them\\nout from the abundant stores hoarded in the warehouses;\\nand were embarking for the Havannah, when a detach-\\nment of English infantry appeared upon the scene, by\\nforced march from St. Augustine, arriving just in time to\\nintercept the fugitives. The leaders were arrested. The\\ngrand jury convened. The forms of law were observed;\\nand the court sat to do justice between the great planter\\nand his New Smyrna colonists. The plaintiff, TurnbuU,\\nwas an influential personage in the province, a man whose\\nfavor every one was eager to curry. The accused were\\nfriendless, indentured hirelings regarded as little better\\nthan slaves. Of such a trial there could be but one\\nending. Five of the accused were condemned to death;", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "86 Old St. Augustine.\\none as the ringleader, another for shooting a cow (a\\ncapital offence in the English code of the time), a third\\nfor having lopped off an ear and two fingers of the task-\\nmaster Cutter, and the others for their raid on the store-\\nhouses. Two of the condemned were pardoned; which\\ntwo we are not told, but it is a pleasure to fancy that one\\nmay have been the ear-smiter. To perform the judicial\\nmurder of the rest was a task that none of the officials\\ncoveted; and one of the condemned was given his life\\nupon condition that he would act as the executioner of the\\ntwo others. On this occasion, writes the English sur-\\nveyor Bernard Romans, one of the jurors who convicted\\nthem, I saw one of the most moving scenes I ever experi-\\nenced. Long and obstinate was the struggle of this\\nman s mind, who repeatedly called out that he chose to\\ndie rather than be the executioner of his friends in dis-\\ntress. This not a little perplexed Mr. Woolridge, the\\nsheriff, till at length the entreaties of the victims them-\\nselves put an end to the conflict in his heart by encourag-\\ning him to act. Now we beheld a man, thus compelled\\nto mount the ladder, take leave of his friends in the most\\nmoving manner, kissing them the moment before he\\ncommitted them to an ignominious death.\\nSo the revolt at New Smyrna was put down; and the\\ncolonists went back to their taskmasters and indigo fields.\\nThe crop-eared Cutter, we may be sure, had his revenge;\\nbut, as in due time every rascal must get his deserts,\\nshortly thereafter he died a lingering death, having\\nexperienced, says the chronicle, besides his wounds,\\nthe terrors of a coward in power overtaken by venge-\\nance.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "The Minor cans. 87\\nThe wrongs of the Minorcans in Florida were the talk\\nof the Southern colonies; but no one interfered in their\\nbehalf, for no one had courage to incur the enmity of\\nTurnbull. Worn out by toil, famishing for food,\\npining for their island home beyond the sea, the unhappy\\nexiles wasted away. The death rate was terrible. In\\nnine years from their coming, the 1500 had shrunk to\\n600. The condition of the survivors was little better\\nthan slavery; indeed, did they attempt to escape, negroes\\non the neighboring plantations carried them back and\\nreceived from the tyrant a reward.\\nThe weary years went by. Seven summers the Minor-\\ncans tilled the indigo fields; seven harvest times they\\ncrushed the sugar cane. At length came the end.\\nIn Florida, two hundred years before, the religious\\nintolerance of Europe had been reflected in the conflict\\nof Spaniard and Frenchman at Fort Caroline; and the\\nMassacre of St. Bartholomew had been foreshadowed in\\nthe slaughter of the Huguenots at Matanzas. So now,\\nhere at New Smyrna was to be enacted on mimic scale\\na movement engaging the attention of the world. It\\nwas 1776 a momentous year for British misrule in\\nAmerica. Revolt was in the air. The oppressed colony\\nat New Smyrna caught the spirit of the times.\\nIt was a trivial circumstance that brought about the\\nuprising of the Minorcans. A party of gentlemen had\\ngone down from St. Augustine to New Smyrna, to\\ninspect the great canal?, the stone piers and the\\nmagnificent new mansion of the proprietor; to learn the\\nmethods of indigo culture, and to test the virtues of\\nthe famous rum made from Dr. Turnbull s sugar", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "88 Old St. Augustine,\\ncane. As they were admiring the thrifty condition oi\\nthe plantation and smacking their Hps over the rum,\\none of them, noticing the squalor and misery of the\\nlaborers, observed to a companion that the Governor\\nat St. Augustine ought to interfere to protect them. This\\nremark of one of TurnbuU s guests led to a revolution.\\nA Minorcan boy heard it. He repeated it to his mother;\\nshe to trusted friends. A whispered conference, a secret\\nmeeting, a midnight consultation and the plan was\\ndevised to reach the ear of the Governor. Three of the\\nmen, having performed their allotted tasks before the\\ntime appointed by the overseer, asked and were granted\\npermission to go down the coast to hunt for turtles.\\nThey set out and went with all speed, not south for\\nturtles, but north for liberty. Following the beach,\\nskulking through the woods, swimming the inlet at\\nMatanzas, they hurried on to St. Augustine. Here they\\nwere given audience, assured of protection, and then\\nsent back to lead their people out of bondage. Other\\nsecret meetings were held, and preparations for flight\\nsoon made. They had no household gods to trans-\\nport. No one lingered this time for cuttings of vine and\\nfig tree. Pellicier, head carpenter, was chosen to the\\ncommand. He formed them in a hollow square. In the\\ncenter were the aged, the infirm and the mothers with\\nbabes in arms; in the outer ranks the men and\\nboys, equipped with clubs, wooden spears and such rude\\nweapons as could be improvised in the emergency.\\nBidding farewell to their palmetto huts, the strange band\\nof fugitives set out for the city of refuge. They went\\nthis time not skulking along the coast, but marching", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "The Minorcans. 89\\nboldly along the open King s Road. The overseers pur-\\nsued. Little they cared for overseers now. TurnbuU\\nhimself, returning home to find his plantation deserted,\\nin hot haste followed after. What feared they from\\nTurnbull now He might ride back to New Smyrna, or\\non to St. Augustine, as he liked; it mattered not to them.\\nAt night they camped beneath the pines. The next day\\nthey marched on again. Before sunset of the third day,\\nthe motley band came straggling into St. Augustine.\\nAgain the jury was impanelled; and the court con-\\nvened to do justice between the English planter and his\\nMinorcan laborers. This time, no provisions had been\\nstolen, no cow shot, no taskmaster s ear curtailed; nor\\ncould Turnbull invent any other pretext why the ring-\\nleaders of this new revolt should be hung. The pinched\\nfaces and hungry eyes of his victims pleaded too well\\nthe pathetic story of their wrongs. This time, again,\\nthe trial could have but one ending. The planter was\\nrebuked; the fugitives were declared to be free. Thus,\\nin 1776, for the Minorcans in Florida, after nine years\\nservitude, was made good their declaration of independ-\\nence.\\nThe refugees from New Smyrna had come to St.\\nAugustine in the midst of stirring events. They saw\\nthe leaders of the great Revolution in the North burned\\nin effigy on the public square; and with the loyal citizens\\nof the town many of the Minorcans enlisted in the Florida\\nRangers, and went out to fight the traitors of the neigh-\\nboring colonies. Led by the notorious Colonel Browne,\\nthe recruits in the service of the King saw hard fighting,\\nand before the war was over had abundant opportunity", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "90 Old St. Augustine,\\nto learn of what stuff patriots are made. It is a notable\\ncircumstance that in this same year, 1776, when the\\nMinorcans from New Smyrna were enlisting to help put\\ndown the revolt of the colonists, one of their countrymen\\na certain George Farragut emigrated from Minorca\\nto America and joined the Colonial army, to do distin-\\nguished service in the War of the Revolution, afterwards\\nin the American-Spanish turmoils in West Florida, and\\nagain in the War of 181 2; and destined finally, when his\\nown honorable record should have been forgotten, to\\nhave his name and fame perpetuated because linked with\\nthose of his illustrious son, David Glascoe Farragut, first\\nAdmiral of the United States Navy.\\nThe indigo fields at New Smyrna ran to waste; the\\nsugar mills fell into decay; and the iron works sank\\ninto the ground. Over them clambered the yellow jas-\\nmine and the passion flower; above them the magnolia\\nbloomed once more; and years afterwards, a party of\\nexplorers found the wild orange growing out from the\\nrusted boilers. So kindly nature drew over the ruins her\\nmantle of green, and blotted out with flowers each vestige\\nof the unhappy site.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "XIV.\\nRANGERS AND LIBERTY BOYS.\\nN 1775 came the American Revolution. Of the\\nfourteen British colonies Florida alone re-\\nmained loyal. The thunders of Lexington\\nand Bunker Hill woke no responsive echoes in St. Au-\\ngustine. For two hundred years the ever faithful city\\nhad maintained her allegiance to the Kings of Spain,\\nnow in like manner she would prove her faith to the\\nKing of England. No Sons of Liberty held secret con-\\nclave in her halls; nor liberty pole rose in desecration\\nof her public square. Loyally as ever, on the 5th of\\nJune, 1776, the citizens joined in the celebration of the\\nKing s Birthday; and when, three months later, the\\ntidings came from Philadelphia of the Declaration of\\nIndependence, they assembled on the square in the center\\nof the city to express their abhorrence of the document\\nand its signers by burning in ignominious effigy the two\\narch-rebels, John Hancock and Samuel Adams.\\nTo St. Augustine was given early proof of the daring\\nspirit that animated the Liberty Boys. In April, 1775, the\\nBritish brig Betsey arrived with arms and ammunition\\nfor the Creeks and Cherokees, who had been enlisted in\\nthe cause against the colonies. The vessel lay at anchor", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "92 Old St. Augustine.\\noff the bar, in plain view of the Governor s lookout tower\\nand of Fort St. Mark s, and almost within gunshot of the\\nwar-ships in the harbor, when a privateersman, sent out\\nby the South Carolina Council of Safety and manned by\\ntwelve Liberty Boys, stole alongside, surprised the crew,\\noverpowered the grenadiers on board, transferred a large\\nquantity of the powder to their own craft, spiked the\\nBetsey s guns; and eluding pursuit, actually made off\\nwith their booty to Charleston, whence some of the\\npowder was sent to the patriots of Massachusetts and\\nburned against the British in the battle of Bunker Hill.\\nThe town was a haven of refuge for the King s ser-\\nvants and the Tories, who fled from the revolted colonies.\\nShe opened her gates; and an oddly-assorted throng\\ncame flocking in. From Georgia appeared the Tory\\ncolonel, Thomas Browne the tar and feathers given\\nhim by the Liberty Boys still sticking to his skin;*\\nand not long after, followed Daniel McGirth once as\\nThis day a respectable body of the Sons of Liberty marched from this place\\nto New Richmond in S. C. in order to pay a visit to Thomas Browne and William\\nThompson, Esqs., two young gentlemen lately from England, for their having\\npublicly and otherwise expressed themselves enemies to the measures now adopted\\nfor the support of American liberty, and signing an association to that eflect;\\nbesides their using their utmost endeavours to influence the minds of the people\\nand to persuade them to associate and be of their opinion. But upon their arrival\\nthey found the said Thompson, like a traitor, had run away and the said Thomas\\nBrowne being requested in civil terms to come to Augusta, to try to clear himself\\nof such accusations, daringly repeated that he was not nor would be answerable\\nto them or any other of them for his conduct, whereupen they politely escorted\\nhim into Augusta, where they presented him with a genteel and fashionable suit\\nof tar and feathers, and afterwards had him exhibited in a cart from the head of\\nAugusta to Mr. Weatherford s, where out of humanity they had him taken proper\\ncare of for that night; and on the next morning, he, the said Thomas Browne,\\nhaving publicly declared upon his honour and consented voluntarily to swear that\\nhe repented for his past conduct, and that he would for the future, at the hazard\\nof his life and fortune, protect and support the rights and interests of America,\\nand saying that the said Thompson had misled him, and that therefore he\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0would use his utmost endeavours to have his name taken from the association he", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Rangers and Liberty Boys. 93\\nstout-hearted Liberty Boy as any in the South, then\\nvictim of official wrong, and now deserter to the King s\\ncause.f Still another accession was the valorous Scotch-\\nhad signed as aforesaid and further, that he would do all in his power to dis-\\ncountenance the proceedings of a set of men in the 96th District in South\\nCarolina called Fletchall s Party upon which the said Browne was then dis-\\ncharged, and complimented with a horse and chair to ride home. But the said\\nThomas Erowne, that time having publicly forfeited his honour and violated the\\noath voluntarily taken as aforesaid, is therefore not to be considered for the future\\nin the light of a gentleman, and they, the said Thomas Browne and Wm. Thomp-\\nson, are hereby published as persons inimical to the rights and liberties of Amer-\\nica audit is hoped all good men will treat them accordingly. N. B. The said\\nThomas Browne is now a little remarkable he wears his hair very short, and a\\nhandkerchief tied around his head in orJer that his intellects this cold weather\\nmay not be affected. (Signed) By order of Committee, John Willson, Secretary.\\nAugusta, 4th August, 1773. Georgia Gazette^ 1775-\\nt During the Revolutionary War, the section of the State now known as Bulloch\\nCounty was a favourite resort of Colonel Daniel McGirth. He was a native of\\nKershaw District, South Carolina. From his early attachments and associates,\\nhe joined cordially in opposition to the claims of the British Government. Being\\na practised hunter, and an excellent rider, he was well acquainted with the woods\\nin that extensive range of country. He was highly valuable to the Americans\\nfor the facility with which he acquired information of the enemy, and for the accu-\\nracy and minuteness with which he communicated what he had obtained. He\\nhad brought with him into the service a favourite mare, his own property, an\\nelegant animal, on which he felt safe from pursuit when engaged in the duties of a\\nscout. He called the mare the Gray Goose. This animal was coveted by one of\\nthe American officers at St. Ilia, in Georgia, who adopted means to obtain pos-\\nsession of her, all of which were opposed by McGirth, chiefly on the ground that\\nshe was essentially necessary to the American interest in the duties performed by\\nhim, and without her he could no longer engage in them. The officer con-\\ntinuing urgent, McGirth said or did something to get rid of him, which\\nhe might have only intended as a personal rebuff, but probably was much\\nmore. He was arrested, tried by a court-martial, found guilty of violating\\nthe articles of war and sentenced to be whipped. He suffered this punishment,\\nand was again placed in prison, waiting to receive another whipping, according to\\nhis sentence. Whilst thus situated, he saw his favourite mare, observed where she\\nwas picketed, and immediately began to concert measures for his escape and the\\nre-possession of his mare. He succeeded in both, and when seated on her back,\\nhe turned deliberately round, notwithstanding the alarm at his escape, and\\ndenounced vengeance against all the Americans for his ill treatment. He executed\\nhis threats most fully, most fearfully, most vindictively. Indulging this savage,\\nvindictive temper, was indeed productive of great injury to the American cause,\\nand of much public and private suffering, but it was also the cause of his own ruin\\nand xra^ifcy .\u00e2\u0080\u0094Johnson s Traditions ar.d Reminiscences 0/ the American Revo-\\nlution in South Carolina.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "94 Old St. Augustine.\\nman, Rory Mcintosh, captain in His Majesty s High-\\nlanders, who, attended always by his pipers, paraded\\nthe narrow streets, breathing out threatenings and\\nslaughter against the rebels, A British slaveship from\\nSenegal, forbidden by the patriots to land her cargo at\\nSavannah, sailed in all haste to the friendly harbor of St.\\nAugustine, to save from starvation the two hundred\\nmiserable wretches in her hold. The Scopholites (so\\ncalled from their leader, one Scophol), a turbulent and\\nlawless band, 600 strong, marched down from the back-\\ncountry of North Carolina, plundering, burning and\\nlaying waste all in their path through Georgia.\\nWith such an element St. Augustine was not long con-\\ntented with passive loyalty. When Governor Tonyn called\\nfor volunteers to aid in suppressing the rebellion, the\\nresponse was heartily and promptly given. Captain Rory\\nMcintosh fitted out the privateersman Toreyn, of twenty\\nguns, and sailed away to blockade the rebel ports. Citi-\\nzens, Tory refugees, Scopholites, Minorcans and Indians\\nbanded together in the troops of the Florida Rangers. In\\ncommand was Colonel Thomas Browne, brave and skill-\\nful, as heartless as vindictive, and eager to gratify his\\nanimosity against the Georgians. McGirth, also, thirst-\\ning for retaliation, mustered a band of desperate outlaws,\\nprovided them with stolen horses, and conducted a\\nguerilla campaign, cutting off lonely travelers, rifling\\ndwellings, and everywhere marking his path with pillage,\\nrapine and murder. It was the old story of warfare\\nbetween Florida and Georgia; but more bitter than had\\nbeen the conflicts of Spaniards and British were now the\\ncontentions of Ranger and Liberty Boy, more desperate", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Rangers and Liberty Boys. 95\\nthan ever the war of races, was this rancorous civil strife,\\nwhere brother contended with brother and father fought\\nagainst son.\\nAs the center of miUtary operations against the South-\\nern colonies and as the depot whence arms were furnished\\nto the savage alHes of Great Britain, St. Augustine soon\\nattracted the attention of the Patriot leaders; and re-\\npeated campaigns were planned to compass its overthrow.\\nThe first of these, undertaken by General Charles Lee,\\nfell through, because of mismanagement and delay. Then\\nrumors were brought to St. Augustine of another for-\\nmidable force advancing to overwhelm the town. Con-\\nsternation reigned supreme; slaves were impressed to\\nstrengthen the fortifications; the citizens ran hither and\\nthither in confusion, placed their valuables on board the\\nships in the harbor, and prepared for flight. The alarm\\nwas groundless. Never yet had the city yielded to a\\nsiege. The fortress that had defied the grenadiers of\\nOglethorpe had no cause to tremble at the coming of the\\nLiberty Boys. The invaders advanced only to the St.\\nJohn s. There they halted. Then, menaced by fever,\\nand glad enough to escape the perils of a midsummer\\nencampment, they turned about and retired.\\nThe Florida Rangers were active, aggressive and\\nsuccessful in their campaigns. The Minorcans and\\nScopholites from St. Augustine joined the Hessians from\\nNew York at the siege of Savannah, and afterwards took\\npart in the reduction of Charleston. When that city\\nsurrendered, in 1780, a number of her citizens were\\nparoled. Soon after, in direct violation of the parole,\\nmany of them were torn from their families and confined", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "gS Old St. Augustine.\\nin the loathsome prison-ships or banished to other\\ncolonies. The cartel-ship Fidelity brought a number of\\nthe Charleston Patriots to St. Augustine; and here they\\nwere offered another parole. Most of them accepted it;\\nbut the venerable Christopher Gadsden, the Lieutenant\\nGovernor of South Carolina, indignantly resented the\\noverture. With men who have once deceived me, he\\nexclaimed, I can enter into no new contract. Then,\\nfor eleven months, they shut him up in one of the dark\\ndungeons of the fort. From out the gloom of that damp\\nchamber came one day a declaration that gave to the\\nLoyalists of Florida new proof of the spirit that sustained\\nthe Patriots in their most desperate straits. Andr6, the\\nspy taken by the cowboys at Tarrytown, had been\\ntried and condemned to death. Pending the execution\\nof the sentence, the British authorities sent to General\\nWashington a threat that, if Andrd died, some prominent\\nPatriot would be hung in retaliation; and to the white-\\nhaired prisoner Gadsden, in his dungeon of the British\\nfort in St. Augustine, it was told that he was the victim\\nselected. To the threat, hear his reply: To die for my\\ncountry, said he, T am always prepared; and I would\\nrather ascend the scaffold than purchase with my life her\\ndishonor. Brave words these, and of all ever spoken in\\nthe fort of St. Augustine most worthy to be remembered.\\nThe other Patriots, from South Carolina and New\\nJersey, fared less harshly. Dr. Andrew Turnbull loaned\\nthem his English newspapers little consolation for\\nAmerican rebels there and Jesse Fish sent oranges and\\nlemons from his world-famous grove on St. Anastatia\\nIsland. On the Fourth of July (1780), by special per-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Rangers and Liberty Boys. 97\\nmission they messed in common; and one feature of the\\nbill of fare was an English plum-pudding of gigantic\\ndimensions, and on its top a tiny flag with thirteen stars\\nand stripes. Inspired by the occasion, Captain Thomas\\nHeyward had that morning been busy with his pen; and\\nat this Fourth of July Patriot dinner in British St. Augus-\\ntine was heard for the first time the hymn afterwards\\nsung from Georgia to New Hampshire\\nGod save the thirteen states,\\nThirteen united States,\\nGod save them all.\\nThe verses were set to the familiar tune of God Save\\nthe King; and the British guards, peeping in at the\\nwindows and deceived by the accustomed air, wondered\\ngreatly at what they took to be the Yankees sudden return\\nof loyalty to King George.\\nWhile contending with her American Colonies, England\\nhad become involved in hostilities with Spain; and so it\\ncame about by the whirligig of time that the town, which\\nas a Spanish stronghold had sent out many an armed\\nforce against the British, now as a British possession dis-\\npatched a forlorn hope against the Spaniards. Among\\nthe Tory officers, who had found their way to St. Augus-\\ntine, was Colonel Andrew De Veaux of the Provincial\\nDragoons. De Veaux, who was noted through all the\\nSouthern colonies for his audacity and foolhardiness and\\nhis strong penchant tor practical joking, resolved on\\nattempting to capture the Spanish town of Nassau, on\\nthe island of New Providence. In the conception and\\nexecution of his exploit, humor and valor were blended\\nin very nearly equal proportions. He fitted out two\\n7", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "gS Old St. Augustine.\\nsmall brigs in the harbor, collected a force of Rangers,\\nMinorcans, Seminoles and ragamufifins; and at the island\\nof Eleuthra took on a contingent of negroes. The\\nridiculous fleet arrived off Nassau in the night. De\\nVeaux landed his forces, surprised the sleeping citadel,\\nroused up its garrison and put them in irons; occupied\\nthe heights commanding the town; disposed his forces to\\nthe best advantage, and where there were not enough\\nmen to go round set up dummies of straw; at dawn made a\\nmock show of strength, demanded of the Governor to\\nsurrender, and to insure a speedy compliance opened\\nfire on him from the captured fort; whereupon the\\nSpaniard submitted, and yielded himself and his town and\\nhis troops to the doughty British Colonel, the negroes,\\nthe ragamuffins and the men of straw.\\nThis happened in 1783. It was the last exploit of loyal\\nSt. Augustine in the cause of her British sovereign. The\\nrebellious colonies had been victorious. The war was\\nover. Rangers and Liberty Boys laid down their arms;\\nand the Florida planters returned to their fields. With\\nthem were numerous accessions of Loyalists from the\\nother colonies, who had refused allegiance to the banner\\nof the thirteen stars and were now come to Florida to live\\nagain under British colors. Peace resumed her gentle\\nsway; and St. Augustine became once more the busy me-\\ntropolis of a thriving English province. Across the bay on\\nSt. Anastatia Island, north beyond the gates, west from\\nthe batteries on the San Sebastian, and south beyond the\\nstockades in every direction, smiled the fields of indigo,\\nthe sugar plantations and the orange groves. The traders\\nrebuilt their booths along the Indian trails; the distillers", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Rangers and Liberty Boys. 99\\nof tar and turpentine kindled once more their fires among\\nthe pines; the shingle-cutters felled the cypress logs; the\\nlive-oakers returned again to hew out the famous Florida\\ntimber for building English ships. In over the King s\\nRoad, coming north from the Indian River and south\\nfrom the St. Mary s, crawled the slow wagon trains, creak-\\ning beneath their burdens of naval stores and the harvests\\nof the plantations. The harbor was white with the wings of\\ncommerce. Prosperity reigned on every hand. The town,\\nbeautiful amid her orange bowers, bustled with enterprise\\nand was gay with social delights. Her citizens rejoiced\\nin the present; and their hearts were filled with\\nbright anticipations for the future that future, which\\nshould bring its full recompense for their seven years of\\nwar and its fitting reward for their steadfast allegiance to\\ntheir King.\\nIt vanished in a twinkling. Into the harbor, one day,\\ncame a ship of the Royal Navy with message of startling\\nimport. The Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George\\nthe Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, and\\nthe Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Charles the\\nThird, by the Grace of God, King of Spain and of the\\nIndies, had been playing together a royal game of chess;\\nand each had surrendered to the other a castle. To Eng-\\nland Spain yielded Jamaica; and to Spain England in\\nexchange gave Florida. The treaty moreover provided\\nthat the British should immediately evacuate the province.\\nThis was the reward granted to the citizens of St.\\nAugustine for their staunch fidelity through the seven\\nyears war. The message fell as falls the frost that blights\\nthe orange. Joy was changed into sorrow, anticipation to", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "lOO Old St. Augustine.\\ndismay, security to despair. The fate of the Acadians\\nwas theirs; the heart-breaking scenes of Grand Pr6 were\\nrehearsed in St. Augustine. Plantations abandoned,\\nhomes deserted, friendships severed in the transports\\nsent to convey them, the British sailed away from St.\\nAugustine. Some went south to Jamaica, some north to\\nNova Scotia, others back over the sea to England again;\\nbut wherever scattered going never so far, separated\\nnever so widely they bore alway with them fond memo-\\nries of the sunny homes they had left behind, in the old\\ntown on the Florida bay.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "XV.\\nTHE OLD WORLD IN THE NEW.\\nNCE more the troops of the King of Spain occu-\\npied Castle San Marco; a Spanish sentinel\\nscanned the sea from the watch-tower at Ma-\\ntanzas, and a Spanish keeper trimmed the light on\\nAnastatia. Spain had come into possession of her own\\nagain. With the return of the Spaniard, a change came\\nover Florida. There was no more planting nor harvest-\\ning; the Indian stalked through deserted indigo fields\\nand found shelter in abandoned sugar mills; the manu-\\nfacture of naval stores ceased; industry was at an end;\\nthe crowding sails of merchant ships no longer bright-\\nened the harbor. In 1783, Florida relapsed into her\\nancient lethargy; and over our seaport town stole the\\nhaze of dreamy indolence and the calm of quiet content.\\nNo feverish vision of commercial enterprise marred the\\nserenity of her repose; no vaulting ambition overleapt\\nthe circumvallations that shut her in from the busy outer\\nworld. Enough for her that through the long siesta of\\nperpetual afternoon she might doze in peace and undis-\\nturbed.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "102 Old St. Atcp ustine,\\ni\\nThe Minorcans, who still remained on the lands given\\nthem by the British, fished and hunted; but the town s\\nchief dependence was upon the supply ships that came\\nfrom Spain, and the game and beeves brought in by the\\nIndians. The Seminole, scantily clad in gaudy blanket,\\nhis hair and limbs shining with bear s grease, and pend-\\nants of brass and silver hanging from nose and ears, was\\na familiar figure in the streets. Over the well-worn trails,\\nfrom the country beyond the San Juan s, he brought\\nhorses and cattle, bear meat, venison and wild turkeys;\\nand gave them in exchange for powder and fineries and\\nthe much-prized Cuban rum. The policy of the Span-\\niards was to treat the Indian always with consideration;\\nand once in three months came the Queen s schooner La\\nBarbarita, laden with presents for her dusky subjects in\\nFlorida.\\nThe town was a great military station; and beyond\\nthis, nothing. In one way or another, the people were all\\nengaged in the service of the King. They kept the\\nKing s accounts, labored at the King s fort, wrought in the\\nKing s forge, manned the King s pilot-boats, bought their\\nbread at the King s bakery and their meat at the King s\\nmarket. The barracks were filled to overflowing with a\\ngarrison, for which it taxed the Governor s ingenuity to\\nfind employment. A guard of soldiers kept ward over the\\ngreat treasure chest in the fort; a guard watched at the\\npowder-house on the plain south of the barracks; a guard\\nnoted the marking of high noon on the sun-dial, and by\\nthe flowing of the sands in the hour-glass on the plaza,\\nall day and all night, recorded the passing time by strokes\\non a bell; a guard attended the chain-gang of Cuban", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "The Old World in the New. 103\\nconvicts in their toil at the fortifications; a guard was\\nstationed at the Governor s residence; a guard watched\\nat the city gates; a guard patrolled the streets and a\\nguard passed the word on the outskirts by night.\\nOn every land side the city was well defended by\\nearthworks and coquina batteries. North of the town,\\nfrom the fcrt to the San Sebastian River, extended a\\nrampart with redoubts and a fosse through which the tide\\nebbed and flowed. Entrance to the city was by a draw-\\nbridge over the fosse and through the gate. When the\\nsunset gun was fired this bridge was raised, the gate was\\nbarred, and the guards took their station. Through the\\nhours of the night from fort to gate, from gate west along\\nthe parapet to redoubt Tolomato, from Tolomato to re-\\ndoubt Centre, and from Centre to redoubt Cubo on the\\nSan Sebastian; thence south along the river to the farthest\\nbattery, and east to the extreme point of the peninsula;\\nthen north, past powder-house and barracks, on to the\\nplaza, and so back to the watch-towers of the fort again\\n^went the challenge, Centinela alerta! and came the\\nanswer, Alerta estd When once the gate was closed, the\\nbelated wayfarer, be he citizen or stranger, must make the\\nbest of it without the town until morning. Only on\\nextraordinary occasions were the bolts thrown back at\\nnight, as when some messenger might come with urgent\\ndispatches for the Governor; then the creaking draw-\\nbridge would be slowly lowered; the ofiicer of the guard\\ntook the name and errand of the applicant to the Governor;\\nand that dignilary ro willing it, the gate was finally\\nopened and the late comer admitted and escorted by a\\nfile of soldiers into the Governor s presence.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "I04 Old St, Augustine.\\nAn important personage was this Governor. In him\\nwas vested the authority of the King. His good pleasure\\nwas the royal will. In the petty kingdom, where his\\npower was supreme and his word law, he held autocratic\\nsway. And high-handed was his rule. Did an obstinate\\ndebtor put off a creditor with empty promises instead of\\nthe current coin of the realm straightway the Governor\\ngranted a bill of sale and the delinquent s slaves were\\nbidden off at public auction on the plaza. Was his Ex-\\ncellency s own siesta interrupted by the bawling of a\\ndrunken disturber of the peace in a trice the audacious\\nguzzler of agua ardiente was haled away to the guard-\\nhouse; and there he might bless his stars, if only his legs\\nwere clapped into the stocks, and not his back bared to\\nthe lashes of the pillory hard by.\\nThe stocks and pillory sufficed for the punishment of\\nordinary offenses. When slaves were found abroad in\\nthe night, without the required passes from their owners,\\nthey were arrested, locked up in the guard-house; and\\nthe next morning, unless their masters paid the fine,\\nwere given the prescribed number of lashes. The case-\\nmates of the fort served for the incarceration of criminals;\\nbut the usual course with incorrigible offenders was to\\ndrum them out of town. Attired in ridiculous garb and\\nwith pate fantastically shaven, the culprit was marched at\\nthe head of a jeering procession, to the music of fife and\\ndrum, out into the scrub, and there formally banished, to\\nbe thenceforth an outcast and exile. For felons to whom\\nwas decreed the law s extremest penalty, out on redoubt\\nCubo, gloomily overlooking the marshes of the San\\nSebastian, swung the creaking gibbet; and hither on cer-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "The Old World in the New. 105\\ntain occasions, making public holiday, the entire popu-\\nlace wended its way; and the thoughtful father brought\\nhis son, that by dreadful example the child might learn\\nto what sad end a wicked man at last must come.\\nThe amusements and social customs were those of Old\\nSpain and Minorca. Gambling ran high among soldiers\\nand townspeople. Countless wagers were decided by\\nhard-fought battles between game-cocks of choicest\\nSpanish strain; and there were dog-fights, too, and bull-\\nbaitings, and now and then an ambitious attempt to repro-\\nduce the exciting combats of the matadors. Dancing was\\na favorite amusement, and balls were frequent. The\\nFlorida moonlight night invited to much thrumming of\\nguitars beneath lattice windows; and when occasion\\noffered, the midnight was made hideous with din of the\\ncharivari, a noisy, boisterous, discordant and unwelcome\\nserenade of the second-married. Funeral processions\\nthrough the streets wei e led by th.e padre in his robes,\\nand by acolytes in surplices, bearing crucifix, candles and\\naspersorium. Feast days and festivals were scrupu-\\nlously observed. The Massacre of Madrid was com-\\nmemorated by the solemn celebration of high mass, and\\nthe flags throughout the city displayed in mourning.\\nWith Carnival came mirth and merrymaking; harlequins,\\ndominos and punchinellos held high revel; and gay\\ncompanies of maskers went about the streets. Among\\nthem, taking the part of St. Peter, went one clad in the\\nragged dress of a fisherman, and equipped with a mullet\\ncast-net, which he dexterously threw over the heads of\\nthe not unwilling children, by such rude travesty setting\\nforth the Apostolic fishing for men.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "io6 Old St. Augustine.\\nIn the afternoon of Palm Sunday, priest and people\\nmarched in procession from the church, south to the con-\\nvent, where on its platform in the open air stood an altar,\\ndecked with flowers and boughs; and here, while the\\ncongregation kneeled on the ground, a mass was said;\\nand the nuns, taking from the little children their baskets\\nof rose petals, strewed them before the altar and the image\\nof the Virgin. Then all repaired in procession to the glacis\\nof Fort San Marco, where at a second altar the rites\\nwere repeated. On Easter Eve, the waits went about the\\nstreets, singing beneath the windows, to the accompani-\\nment of violin and guitar, their Minorcan hymn of joy and\\npraise to the Virgin\\nEnded the days of sadness,\\nGrief gives place to singing\\nWe come with joy and gladness,\\nOur gifts to Mary bringing\\nand received from lattice and opened shutter presents of\\nsweetmeats and pastry.\\nA strange bit of the Old World was this; and most\\ngrotesquely out of place in the New. It could not\\nlong endure. The United States regarded with appre^\\nhension the presence of a foreign power on its southern\\nboundary. American pioneers were impatient to entei!\\nthe Florida wilderness, which had lain so long fallow,\\nwaiting to yield its abundant harvest to enterprise and\\nindustry. Twice had bands of armed invaders from the\\nDisciarem lu dol,\\nCantarem anb alagria,\\nY n arem a d4\\nLas pascuas a Maria.\\nO Maria", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "The Old World in the New. 107\\nNorth crossed the border and advanced to the very shadow\\nof the coquina fortress. There, as savage, British and\\nPatriot had halted before them, they turned about and\\nretired. And well, in truth, they might. Intrenched in\\nsuch a stronghold, the Governor could have held an\\narmy at bay. The battlements of Castle San Marco stood\\nstaunch; not against them might the assault of arms\\nprevail. But there were other forces, with which, fortify\\nhimself how he would, the Spaniard was powerless to\\ncope. The indolent Don must no longer stand in the\\nway of Florida s development. It was manifest destiny;\\nand he yielded to it.\\nIn the year 182 1, Spain having ceded Florida to the\\nUnited States, relinquished forever her claim to the town\\nher knights had founded two and a half centuries before;\\nand here where the stag of Seloy had greeted the Fleur-\\nde-Lis of France, and the yellow standard of Spain had\\ngiven brief place to the Red Cross of England, here,\\nover the walls of the old city gray with time waved at\\nlast the banner, whose bars and stars symbolized the\\nstrength and the aspiration of the youngest born among\\nthe nations of the earth.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "XVI.\\nTHE SEMINOLE.\\nN January, 1836, the stoutest hearts in St. Augus-\\ntine were thrown into trepidation by portentous\\nsignals in the sky. By day, above the pines in\\nthe west were seen great columns of smoke, rolling up\\nfrom fired plantations; and at midnight the heavens were\\nlurid with the glare of blazing homes. Terror-stricken\\nrefugees came flocking in from the country; and their\\nstories added to the general alarm. One day, the fugitive\\nwas a father whose wife and children had been shot down\\nat their noonday meal; the next, a mother whose babe had\\nbeen slain at her breast; and again, a little child, sole\\nchance survivor from the massacre of a household. The\\ntown itself was menaced by the savage foe; children at\\ntheir play glanced furtively toward the west; and the\\ncitizens old men and invalids as well rallied to the\\nprotection of their homes.\\nIt was the final furious bursting of a storm which had.\\nlong been gathering. The Seminole war had begun.\\nSo long as the Spaniards ruled Florida, the Seminoles\\nenjoyed undisputed possession of its fairest lands. Their", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "The Seminole. 109\\npalmetto villages and maize fields lined the fertile banks\\nof the Withlacoochee and the Apalachicola; their herds\\nof cattle pastured on the Alachuan prairies; and in\\npursuit of game their hunters roamed at will over the\\nentire country. With the Indians dwelt many negroes, as\\nslaves or free allies, whose ancestors had fled from\\ncolonial masters, or who were themselves fugitives from\\nthe plantations of the Southern States. Seminole and\\nnegro dwelt together in contentment and security; and\\nthey were prosperous and happy. But when the United\\nStates took possession of the territory, the Indian s peace-\\nful life was rudely interrupted. The new-comers looked\\nwith a longing eye upon the rich lands occupied by the\\nSeminole, and coveted the negroes his slaves and friends.\\nLand speculators and man kidnappers rushed in. The\\nFlorida frontier was infested with outcasts, fugitives from\\njustice and unprincipled knaves, who were eager to dupe\\nthe Indian, defraud him of his lands, steal his cattle and\\nmake merchandise of his negro slaves and his free allies.\\nBitter conflicts ensued. The settlers demanded the\\nremoval of the Indians to the West; but the Seminoles\\nrefused to exchange their sunny native land for a strange\\ncountry of which they could learn no good report. The\\nborder outrages increased, and became more aggravated.\\nAt length, provoked beyond endurance, and by the\\nsense of his wrongs rankling in his breast goaded to\\nfinal desperation the savage took the warpath; and with\\nrifle, scalping knife and the midnight torch sought\\nrevenge. Then the United States Government, with a\\ntreasury and an army at its command, set about the\\ntrifling task of driving out from Florida this paltry rem-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "iio Old St. Augustine.\\nnant of a savage race. In due time the task was accom-\\nplished; but not until after seven years of most extraordi-\\nnary warfare, the employment of twenty thousand volun-\\nteers, the expenditure of forty millions of dollars and\\nthe sacrifice of two thousand lives.\\nAmong the Indian leaders, who had been most influen-\\ntial in resisting the encroachments of the whites and the\\nmost determined in opposition to all schemes of emigra-\\ntion, were Osceola and Coacoochee.* In a council of the\\nchiefs with the agent, when Osceola was asked to sign\\nhis mark to a treaty of removal, springing up in anger he\\ncried, The only mark I will make is with this, and\\ndrove his knife through the parchment into the table.\\nLater, when the old Chief Nea-Mathla consented to leave\\nFlorida, and having sold his cattle to the whites was\\ngathering his people to emigrate to Arkansas, Osceola at\\nthe head of a war party killed him, and flung away the\\ngold that had been received for the cattle, declaring that\\nit was the price of the Seminole s blood. Osceola and\\nCoacoochee were the first to take up arms against the\\nwhites; and under their inspiration early examples were\\ngiven of the terrible savage expedients, by which the\\nSeminole campaigns were to be made memorable in\\nthe annals of Indian warfare.\\nIn August, 1835, Major Dade and a command of troops,\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6The spelling Osceola is that most common, though it is possible that\\nsome of the nine or ten other forms may be correct. The name signifies The\\nBlack Drink. The chief, a full-blooded Indian, has sometimes erroneously\\nbeen called Powell, the name of the Scotchman who married Osceola s mother\\nafter the death of her Indian husband, Osceola s father. The name Coacoochee\\nmeans Wild Cat. The Seminoles Runaways, or Men who live apart\\nwere originally members of the Creek tribe of Georgia, who, about the year 1750,\\nseceded from the tribe and came down to live in Spanish Florida.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "The Seminole. 1 1 1\\n2IO all told, were on their way from Fort Brooke to Fort\\nKing. At half past nine o clock, Tuesday morning,\\nAugust 28, they were marching through an open pine\\nbarren, four miles from the Great Wahoo Swamp, The\\nbright sun was shining; flowers bloomed along the path;\\ngay butterflies flitted about them; the silence was\\nbroken only by the ^olian melody of the pines. The\\nmen were marching carelessly, with no suspicion of\\ndanger, where surely no foe could lurk. Suddenly, with-\\nout an instant s warning from pine, from palmetto scrub,\\nfrom the very grass at their feet burst upon them the\\nshrill war-whoop, the flashing and crackling of rifles, and\\nthe whistling, deadly rain of bullets. Sixty of the troops\\nfell mortally wounded. The rest rallied; trained the\\ncannon, and attempted to form breastworks of logs; but\\nin vain. In quick succession, one after another, they fell.\\nHad the earth yawned to swallow them like the army of\\nKorah, the obliteration could have been little more com-\\nplete. Of the 210, three, miserably wounded, dragged\\nthemselves away, two soon after to die of their wounds.\\nThis was the character of the Florida war. It was a\\nconflict waged against a mysterious, unseen foe. Nature\\nhad provided for the protection of her children. On the\\nislands of the Great Wahoo and the Big Cypress, in the\\nimpenetrable fastnesses of the Ocklawaha, and in the dis-\\ntant everglades of Okeechobee, the Seminole established\\nhis powder magazines, cultivated his fields, and found a\\nsecure retreat for wives and little ones. Thence, in bands\\nof ten and twenty, the warriors sallied out for ambush,\\nsurprise and midnight conflagration. The Indian came,\\nnone knew whence. A yell, a bullet s deadly whizz, the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "112 Old St. Augustine.\\nflash of the scalping knife and he was gone, none knew\\nwhither. To follow was useless; pursuit could not over-\\ntake him. The interior of Florida was a trackless wilder-\\nness. In its mazes the savage was at home; he knew\\nevery foot of ground. But where the Seminole went the\\nwhite man could not follow.\\nThe full story of what the troops endured in the\\nSeminole war will never be written. They marched day\\nafter day amid dreary wastes of pines; and with\\nlacerated feet pressed on through cruel palmetto scrub.\\nThey hewed a painful way through hamaks where\\ntangled vine and creeper and swinging llianas im-\\npeded every step, serpents disputed their passage, and\\nprogress was gained by inches. They woke the sleep of\\nslimy reptiles in the ooze of quaking bogs; the owl blinked\\nat them in the hushed twilight of sepulchral swamps;\\nthey penetrated to the yet more awful desolation where\\nno living thing was found. They swam the tawny floods\\nof unnamed rivers; breasted the scum of stagnant pools;\\nand threw themselves down in bivouac amid treacherous\\nsloughs. The scouts, separated from their commands and\\nlost in the ghostly shades of moss-hung labyrinths, went\\nmad and wandered aimlessly to and fro, until death ended\\ntheir misery. In the darkness of midnight the troops\\ncrawled on hands and knees to surprise the Indian village;\\nand at dawn, rushed upon deserted huts. On every hand\\nOsceola and his men lay in wait to cut them off; Coacoo-\\nchee mocked them floundering in the morasses. The\\nscorching sun beat down upon them; protracted storms\\ndrenched them; fever and pestilence were leagued against\\nthem; amid deadly vapors they sank and died. For", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "The Seminole. 113\\nevery soldier killed by the savage (so the official records\\nshow) five perished of disease.\\nThe Florida climate precluded summer campaigns.\\nWhen from seamed trunk and gnarled limb the resurrec-\\ntion-fern burst forth in living green, when the hibiscus\\nglowed on margin of swamp and pond, and the splendor\\nof the magnolia grandiflora paled before the advancing\\nglories of the blazing-star, when on the ground and all\\nabout and in the loftiest growth of the forest, were flung\\nout the floral signals of lurking peril the troops fled for\\nvery life from the miasma, and withdrew to the summer\\nstations on the coast; and then, in his swampy fastnesses\\nsecure from molestation, the Indian tended his crops,\\ncelebrated his green corn dance, and gathered new\\nstrength for the winter warfare.\\nThe Seminole made a desperate stand for his Florida\\nhome. He was exacting from the whites a terrible price\\nfor the acres they coveted. And even more desperately\\nthan the Indian, fought the negro fugitive. Defeat for\\nhim was not the loss of land, but of liberty; to yield\\nmeant not exile, but bondage. But hopeless was the\\nstruggle. As time went on, the strength of Indian and\\nally surely waned; year by year their numbers grew less.\\nSome were killed, some taken in battle. More were cap-\\ntured by ruse and treachery and violations of flags of\\ntruce. The Indian was a savage not entitled to the\\nconsideration accorded a civilized foe. He refused to be\\nvanquished in fair fight; the war, then, must be brought\\nto an end by other means.\\nSpecial efforts were made to capture the chiefs, Osce-\\nola and Coacoochee. When these two influential leaders", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "114 Augustine.\\nshould be removed, it was rightly conjectured, the Sem-\\ninole s strength would be gone. The opportunity to take\\nthem finally came. In September, 1838, General Her-\\nnandez surprised two camps of Indians and negroes,\\neighteen miles below St. Augustine. The prisoners were\\nbrought to town and lodged in the fort. Among them\\nwas the aged chief, Emathla, Coacoochee s father. In\\nresponse to a message from the old chief, Coacoochee\\ncame in to St. Augustine for a conference with the com-\\nmanding officer; and was sent back to bring in other\\nchiefs for a talk. He returned with Osceola and seventy\\nof his followers. They came with a flag of truce, rely-\\ning upon its sanctity for their protection. It was mis-\\ntaken confidence. The pretended conference was only a\\nruse of the commanding general. The flag was disre-\\ngarded; the truce was violated; and the Indians were\\nclapped into prison. With Osceola shut in behind the\\nponderous locks of one casemate, and Coacoochee se-\\ncurely confined in another reasoned the general, well\\npleased with his stratagem the other chiefs would aban-\\ndon the hopeless struggle, lay down their arms and come\\nin to be transported to Arkansas. And so indeed they\\nwould; and the Seminole war might have ended then\\nand there. But one Indian prevented it; and he, one of\\nthe very captives who had been taken by treachery and\\n50 securely locked in behind the bolts and bars of Fort\\nMarion. High up in Coacoochee s cell was a narrow\\nembrasure. Through this aperture his body attenuated\\nby secret medicine and fasting the chief squeezed, one\\nnight, tumbled to the moat below, and set out to rejoin\\nhis tribe. When they heard the story he had to tell, the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "The Seminole. 1 1 5\\nchiefs, who were preparing to yield, took up their arms\\nagain and waged a war fiercer than ever.\\nThe other prisoners were removed from Fort Marion\\nto Fort Moultrie in Charleston harbor. There Osceola,\\nbrooding over the fate of his people, fell ill and sank\\ninto a decline. Obeying to the last the injunctions of\\nthe sullen Indian prophet who attended him, he stub-\\nbornly refused the medicines proffered him by the phy-\\nsicians. One night, while the prophet muttered in a\\ncorner, and his two wives sat watching the play of the\\nfire-light upon the naked limbs of the dying warrior,\\nOsceola smeared the death-paint on his face, drew his\\nknife from its sheath, brandished it about his head, vainly\\nessayed a war shout and fell back dead.\\nThe war went on. Congress voted additional millions;\\nnew troops were enlisted to take the place of those who\\nhad fallen from the ranks; and man-hunting bloodhounds\\nwere brought from Cuba to track the Indian to his\\nretreats. But money, troops and bloodhounds failed to\\ndrive out the Seminole. It was reserved for Coacoochee,\\nwho had protracted the war, finally to end it.\\nIn May, 1841, the chief left his stronghold in the Big\\nCypress Swamp, and came in for a talk with General\\nWorth. Not long before this his band had massacred a\\ncompany of actors, coming from Picolata (on the St.\\nJohn s) to St. Augustine; and had arrayed themselves in\\nthe plundered costumes. Clad in the garb of Hamlet,\\nthe Florida savage spoke\\nThe whites dealt unjustly by me. I came to them;\\nthey deceived me. The land I was upon I loved. My\\nbody is made of its sands. The Great Spirit gave me", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "ii6 Old St. Augustine.\\nlegs to walk over it, hands to aid myself, eyes to see its\\nponds and rivers and forests and game, and a head with\\nwhich I think. The sun which is warm and bright,\\nshines to warm us and bring forth our crops; and the\\nmoon brings back the spirits of our warriors, our wives\\nand children. The white man comes; he grows pale and\\nsick. Why cannot we live here in peace I have said I\\nam the enemy to the white man. I could live in peace\\nwith him; but they first steal our cattle and horses, cheat\\nus and take our lands. The white men are as thick as\\nthe leaves in the hamak. They come upon us thicker\\nevery year. They may shoot us, and drive our women\\nand children night and day, they may chain our hands\\nand feet but the red man s heart will be always free.\\nThe conference ended, another was arranged. True\\nto his word, the chief came to the appointed meeting,\\nbearing a flag of truce. The old ruse was repeated.\\nThe truce was violated. Coacoochee was seized, thrown\\ninto irons, and placed on board a prison-ship in Tampa\\nBay. At noon of the Fourth of July while the flag\\nof the free was flying from the masthead above him\\nand the cannon were booming in glad celebration of the\\nliberties of the American people the manacled chief\\nwas given a final hard and bitter choice. Within forty\\ndays he was told the people of his tribe must come in\\nand surrender themselves for transportation from Florida,\\nor, on the fortieth day, he and his fellow-prisoners should\\nbe hung at the yard-arm. This time there was no\\nescape. The Seminole yielded.\\nWithin the forty days his people surrendered. Other\\nchiefs with their tribes followed. Men, women and", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "The Seminole. 1 1 7\\nchildren embarked on the ships, which were to bear\\nthem away forever from the land they loved so well and\\nfor which they had fought so long. As the exiles left\\nthe shore, they knelt and kissed its sands. When the\\ntransports moved away, the men sat in sullen silence\\nabout the decks; the women and children broke into\\nweeping; Coacoochee stood in the sternsheets, gazing\\nfixedly upon the receding shore; I am looking, he\\nsaid, at the last pine tree on my land.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "XVII.\\nLATER YEARS.\\nN uneventful period followed the close of the\\nSeminole war in 1842. The Minorcans fished\\nfrom their dug-outs and hunted with their\\nsmooth-bore Indian traders; the Cracker carts brought\\nin game and scanty produce; the orange growers\\nshipped their golden harvests in wind-bound schooners;\\nand now and then a tourist from the North found his way\\nby uncertain steamer up the St. John s and by more\\nuncertain stage across from Picolata, to explore the nar-\\nrow streets and the dismantled fortress in the quaint old\\nFlorida town.\\nFor twenty years, as under a magician s spell, the\\ndrowsy city slumbered. In 1861, startled by the rever-\\nberations from Charleston harbor, it woke to hear again\\nthe clash of arms. For a brief moment, the flag of\\nFlorida s rebeUion fluttered from its staff on the plaza;\\nbut St. Augustine was far removed from the active\\ntheatre of war, and in the fratricidal strife took no con-\\nspicuous part. For the town, nevertheless, the war was\\nfraught with important consequences; its close marked", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "Later Years. 119\\na new stage in the life of the city. In 1865 set in the\\ntide of immigration from the North, which has gathered\\nstrength with each succeeding year, and has completely\\naltered the character of the town. Wonderful has been\\nthe transformation. At the change let them carp who\\nwill; and sigh for the olden times as they may. The\\nspirit of Old St. Augustine is in abeyance; the enterprise\\nof the new rules the hour. Old and new, each has its.\\nplace. New England granite caps the Florida coquina\\nof the sea-wall; and both together withstand the surges\\nof the Atlantic.\\nThe metamorphosis in the material aspect of the town\\nis one of many like transformations wrought here. To\\ntear down and demolish has been the rule with foe and\\nfriend alike. Indian, Sea-King, Boucanier, British\\ninvader each in turn has scourged the town; and after\\nthe passing of each, it has risen again. If we may credit\\nthe testimony of visitors here, over St. Augustine has\\nalways hung an air of desolation and decay. After the\\nsuccessive changes of rulers, the new has always been\\nbuilt from the old. To use the coquina blocks from a\\ndilapidated structure was less laborious than to hew out\\nnew material from the Anastatia quarries. In this man-\\nner were destroyed the coquina batteries, that in old\\ntimes defended the southern line of the town. The\\nstone from one of them was employed in building the\\nFranciscan convent, and thence it went into the founda-\\ntions of the barracks, which rose on the convent site.\\nAnother lot of coquina passed through a like cycle of\\nusefulness, from outskirt battery into parish church, and\\nfrom parish church to the repair of the city gate. So", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "T20 Old St. Augustine.\\nuniversal, indeed, has been this process of tearing down\\nthe old to construct the new, that there are few edifices\\nhere to-day, concerning whose antiquity we have satis-\\nfactory evidence. Boston worships in churches more\\nancient than the cathedral; New Orleans markets are\\nolder than the disused one on the plaza; Salem wharves\\nantedate the sea-wall; on the banks of the Connecticut, the\\nHudson and the Potomac stand dwellings more venerable\\nthan any here on the Matanzas*. The destructive waves\\nof improvement have swept over St. Augustine, resistless\\nas the advancing waters of the sea, which now dash over\\nthe ruins of the Spanish lighthouse they long since under-\\nmined; and as persistent as the elements, which have\\nleveled to the ground useless ramparts and redoubts.\\nEverywhere may be seen evidences of the change.\\nThe walls of the old powder-house, with its sentry-boxes,\\nhave been demolished; its site can be distinguished only\\nby the sunken foundation-stones. Nothing whatever is\\nleft to suggest the famous Governor s-house, north of the\\nplaza, which stood in the midst of its wonderful botanic\\ngarden, high-walled all about, and with a lofty lookout,\\nwhence, like Vathek from his genii-builded tower, the\\nSpaniard might gaze abroad over the surrounding country\\nand far out to sea. The open square in the center of\\nthe city the plaza of the Spaniards and the parade\\nground of the English, where Spanish and British soldiery\\nThe cathedral was completed in 1791. The present sea-wall was built in 1835-\\n43. The oldest house in St. Augustine, like the old slave-pen and the old\\nHuguenot burying-ground, is an invention of the sensational guide-book manu-\\nfacturers It is not known which house in the town is the oldest. The so-called\\nslave-pen was built (1840) for a market, and so used. There is no Huguenot\\ncemetery.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Later Years. 1 2 1\\nhave mustered, and after them Seminole war volunteers,\\nConfederates and Federals has been transformed into\\na pleasure park, now more beautiful, we may well believe,\\nthan even in the palmy days when famous for its\\norange trees of marvelous size and bearing. Though\\nthe shaft of masonry erected here in 181 2 still remains, it\\nis itself a grim monument of mutability, for its inscription\\nwith fine irony proclaims the eterna memoria\u00e2\u0080\u0094tho. eternal\\nremembrance of a political constitution, which passed\\nalmost immediately away and left no impress on indi-\\nviduals nor governments.* The Spanish market-and-\\npilot-house, with the pilot-boats drawn up on the\\nshore for there was no walled basin in those times\\nwas long ago succeeded by another market, and\\nthat in turn by the structure now used for a music\\nstand. Northeast of the plaza, where once stood the\\nSpanish guard-house, with stocks and pillory, now rises a\\nCharles IV. having been compelled to abdicate the Spanish throne in favor of\\nFerdinand VII., Napoleon Bonaparte was called upon to arbitrate between them.\\nHe extorted from both a resignation of their claims, and placed his own brother,\\nJoseph Napoleon, on the throne (1808). An insurrection of the Spanish people\\nfollowed. The French troops were employed to support Napoleon, and England,\\nrecognizing the claims of Ferdinand VII., aided the cause of the insurgents. In\\n1812, the Spanish Cortes (the legislative body representing the insurgents) com-\\npleted the formation of a new and liberal constitution. In commemoration of this,\\nmonuments were erected in Spain and the Spanish provinces. Among others was\\nthis one in the province of Florida, the square then taking the name Plaza de la\\nConstitucion. Finally, in 1814, the war for independence was brought to a suc-\\ncessful termination; and Ferdinand VII., having pledged himself to support the\\nnew constitution, was recalled to the thrune. Once in power, almost his first act\\nwas to repudiate the new constitution and declare it null and void. Throughout\\nSpain and her American dependencies it was commanded that the monuments\\nerected two years previously in commemoration of the constitution, should be\\ndestroyed. Notwithstanding the royal decree, this one in Florida was not torn\\ndown. The tablets were removed, but four years later (1818) were restored to\\ntheir places, where they have remained ever since.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "19 9 Old St. Auoustine.\\nmodern hotel. At the head of the same square, where\\nthe lattice gate led through the high wall to the convent\\nbeyond, a glass door now opens into a shop, where Yan-\\nkee notions are on sale. Further down St. George\\nstreet, the smart picket fence of a hotel yard has sup-\\nplanted the pilastered wall of that famous mansion, which\\nthe Spanish treasurer began to build on so magnificent a\\nscale that the Spanish occupation did not suffice to com-\\nplete it.* Even the pillars of the city gate, which next\\nto the fort are the chief memorials of Old St. Augus-\\ntine, have barely escaped demolition at the hand of the\\nvandal; for once upon a time, a contractor was assigned\\nthe work of building a stone causeway from the gate, in\\nthe place of the old draw-bridge, which formerly crossed\\nthe ditch at that point; and being in need of coquina, this\\nunworthy workman, laying violent hands upon what\\nwas nearest, began to tear away the gateway pillars.\\nCompelled to restore the plundered stone to its place, he\\nbotched the work, and in the clumsy restoration has left\\nan enduring monument of his lazy shiftlessness. In the\\nmarch of improvement, other venerable relics of the\\ntown s ancient defenses have fared less fortunately. One\\nof the picturesque coquina batteries, with its quaint and\\nforeign air, a monument which had bravely survived the\\nassaults of armed foes, the changes of empire and the\\ncorroding tooth of time, and which should have been\\nalways zealously protected by an intelligent public senti-\\nment, was demolished at last, that, forsooth, the upper\\nThis was on the corner of St. George street and the lane called Treasury-\\nstreet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a corruption of the Spanish name, which signified the street where the\\nTreasurer lives.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Later Yeai s. 123\\nwindows of a boarding-house might command a more\\nextended view.\\nSuch is the spirit of the age. Down with the old Hnes.\\nLet them no longer cumber the earth. Time has leveled\\nthe ramparts, and filled the ditch with the blowing sands.\\nIt is a good work this of time; and we will do our own\\nshare, too, by carting off the earth from the old redoubts\\nand with it filling in building lots for new houses. Why\\nnot The defenses fulfilled their mission long ago, in\\nthose days when the jealous Spaniard built them to repel\\nintruders from his domain; but in these later years we\\nhave no wish to keep strangers out; whoever will, may\\ncome. So reasons new St. Augustine, carpenter s saw in\\none hand, paint pot in the other. You may hear it in the\\nrumble of the railroad train from the North, whizzing in\\nthrough the lines, where once the sentinel s sharp chal-\\nlenge halted the stranger at the stockaded defenses; in\\nthe shriek of the locomotive beyond the San Sebas-\\ntian, where once the mellow notes of the bugle told the\\ncoming of the mail; and in the clatter of omnibus and\\nhack over the bridge, where once the toiling rope-ferry\\ncrawled from shore to shore. You may listen to its tell-\\ning all day long in the discordant din of a steam saw-\\nmill, on the site where once the sentinel s alerta passed\\nalong the line and angry artillery thundered; and you\\nmay hear it again at night, in the evening melodies of\\nthe great hotel, by whose ambitious turrets the frowning\\nbattlements of Fort Marion once so impressive from\\nthe harbor have been dwarfed and belittled.\\nSo the old has passed away; and by shortsighted van-\\ndalism the ancient landmarks have been leveled with the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "124 Old St. Augustine.\\nground; but with the destruction of these moss-grown\\nmonuments the town s three centuries have not been\\nblotted out, nor is their story taken away; and as here\\nand there the remnants of some venerable wall yet endure,\\nso the romance of the Old St. Augustine of yesterday\\nremains, to add its charm to those of the fountains and\\nthe gardens, the waving palms and the perfumed groves\\nof the new St. Augustine of to-day.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "XVIII.\\nFORT MARION.\\n|HEN the Spaniards came to the River of Dol-\\nphins, in 1565, they converted the Indian coun-\\ncil house of Seloy into a temporary defense.\\nThis was succeeded by a fort of logs, the Fort San Juan\\nde Pinos taken by Drake; and this in turn gave way to\\nthe foundations of the substantial structure of stone\\nwhich is still standing. After a century of toil by an\\narmy of troops, bands of Indian captives, slaves, con-\\nvicts and exiles. Fort San Marco was finally completed\\nin 1756. So great was the expenditure involved, that the\\nSpanish monarch into whose coffers the rich streams\\nfrom the Indies had long since ceased to flow exclaimed,\\nwhen told of its cost, that the curtains and bastions must\\nhave been built of solid silver dollars.\\nThe fortification is a regular polygon, of four equal\\ncurtains and four equal bastions. It is surrounded by a\\nmoat, and is defended on the east by a water battery, and\\non the other three sides by a glacis. The sally-port, on\\nthe south, is further protected by a barbacan or demilune.\\nThe sally-port was reached by a stationary bridge extend-", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "126\\nOld St. Augustine.\\ning partially across the moat, and then by a draw-bridge.*\\nThe material of which the fort is constructed is a soft\\nshell concretion, called coquina. It was quarried on the\\nFrom the crest of the artificial hill of earth (the glacis) a bridge (i), formerly\\ndraw-bridge, leads across moat to barbacan. On the barbacan at the stairway (2)\\nare the arms of Spain. A bridge (3), formerly a draw-bridge, leads to sally-port\\n(4), where was a heavy door (portcullis). The escutcheon above bears arms of\\nSpain the Spanish legend, now partially obliterated, set forth that Don Fer-\\ndinand the VI., being King of Spain, and the Field Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando\\nHereda, being Governor and Captain General of this place, San Augustin of\\nFlorida, and its province, this Fort was finished in the year 1756. The works were\\ndirected by the Captain Engineer, Don Pedro de Brozas y Garay. Within, on\\nright of entrance (5), are bake-room (6) and two dark chambers (7, 8) on left is the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "For t Marion. 1 2 7\\nisland opposite the town; and being of a spongy, elastic\\ncomposition, was well adapted to withstand a bombard-\\nment from such artillery as was used a hundred years ago.\\nguard-room (7) and oflScers room (7). Around the court are casemates (10) some\\nformerly having upper rooms. The windows (embrasures) are high up near the\\narched ceilings. From first east casemate a door leads into dark chamber (9).\\nFrom casemate 11 entrance is had to a dark chamber (12), thence by narrow\\npassage through wall 5 feet thick into a space 5 feet wide and by a low aperture\\na feet square through another wall 5 feet thick, into an innermost chamber (14),\\n19^^x13% feet and 8 feet high, with arched roof of solid masonry. This was\\nperhaps a powder-magazine or bomb-proof. It is probable that when the\\nwater percolated down, this chamber became damp and unwholesome, fell\\ninto disuse, became a receptacle for rubbish, bred fevers, and was finally, as\\n3i sanitary measure, walled up. The entrance from the chamber (12) was closed\\nby the Spaniards shortly before Florida was ceded to the United States. [This is\\non authority of Mr. Cristobal Bravo, who then, a boy, was employed in the\\nfort.] In the chapel (15) the altar and niches still remain. Outside, over entrance\\nis a memorial tablet set in wall by the French astronomers who here observed\\nthe transit of Venus. 16 is a dark room. Casemate loa was used as the treasury.\\nIn loc Coacoochee was confined. The court is 103x109 feet. Cannon were rolled\\nup the inclined plane (now worn Into resemblance of a stairway) to platform (terre-\\nplein) of ramparts. At outer angle of each bastion (B) was a sentry-box (W).\\nThat on northeast was also a watch-tower (^25 feet high). The one on northwest is\\nfallen. Distance from watch-tower to watch-tower, 3I7 feet. The curtains (walls\\nextending from bastion to bastion) and the bastion walls are 9 feet thick at base,\\n4J^ at top, and 25 feet high above present moat level. The moat, 40 feet wide,\\nformerly deeper than now, with concrete floor, was kept scrupulously clean, and\\nflooded at high tide from the river. The narrower level space beyond the moat is\\nthe covered way; and the wider levels are the places-of-arms. The troops, who\\ngathered here to repel assault, were defended by the outer wall (parapet), from\\nwhich the great embankment of earth (the glacis) slopes. The stone water-\\nbattery on the east was rebuilt in 1842. The hot shot furnace, in front of east\\ncurtain, was built in 1844. The last use of the cannon, mounted at the water-\\nbattery, was for quarantine. When a vessel arrived, a blank charge was fired as a\\nsignal for it to anchor, that the health officer of the port might go out to inspect it.\\nThe last historic shot from Fort Marion was from one of these guns. It was in\\n1867. A little schooner, built in St. Augustine and launched from the sea-wall, had\\nbeen named in honor of the commandant of the post. Colonel John T. Sprague.\\nFrom the initial trip the schooner arrived ofi the bar one Sunday morning. The\\npeople on their way to church heard the quarantine gun and soon after the town\\nwas thrown into excitement by the screech of a cannon ball. It subsequently tran-\\nspired that the captain, unmindful of quarantine regulations, had taken the first\\nshot for a salute to his be-Coloneled schooner and with all his bunting flung\\nto the breeze, he sailed grandly on. But of the shot across his bows there could\\nbe no mistaking the intent. The captain of the Colonel John T. Sprague\\npromptly lowered sail and let go the anchor, but struck his colors never.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "128 Old St. Augustine.\\nHow conspicuous was the part taken by the fort in\\ndeciding the fortunes of Florida and of North America,\\nhas been already told; but still more romantic than the\\nrecord of sieges and political mutations, would be the\\nstory of those who from time to time and on one pretext\\nor another have been confined within its walls. Here\\nand there, in the chronicles of the fitful years of conflict\\nbetween Spanish Florida and the British colonies, we may\\ncatch glimpses of such prisoners now an English mother\\nbrought here by savage Yemassee again, English\\nseamen taken by Spanish galleys; and then, the High-\\nlanders surprised in Fort Moosa by nocturnal sortie.f\\nWhile the colony was thus harassed with fears and troubles and rigorous\\nlandlords to enhance their misery, their savage neighbors were also now and then\\nmaking incursions into their settlements, and spreading havoc among the scattered\\nfamilies. At this time a scalping party penetrated as far as the Euhah lands,\\nwhere, having surprised John Levit and two of his neighbors, they knocked out\\ntheir brains with their tomahawks. They then seized Mrs. Barrows and one of\\nher children and carried them oflF with them. The child by the way finding him-\\nself in barbarous hands, began to cry, upon which they put him to death. The\\ndistressed mother being unable to refrain from tears, while her child was murdered\\nbefore her eyes, was given to understand that she must not weep, if she desi ed\\nnot to share the same fate. Upon her arrival at Augustine, she would have been\\nimmediately sent to prison, but one of the Yamassee kings declared that he knew\\nher from her infancy to be a good woman, interceded for her liberty and bagged\\nshe might be sent home to her husband. This favor, how ever, the Spanish Gov-\\nernor refused to grant and the garrison seemed to triumph with the Indians in\\nthe number of their scalps. When Mr. Barrows went to Augustine to procure the\\nrelease of his wife, he also was shut up in prison along with her, where he soon\\nafter died, but she survived all the hardships of hunger, sickness, and confine-\\nment to give a relation of her barbarous treatment. After her return to Carolina\\nshe reported to Governor Johnson that the Huspah king who had taken her\\nprisoner and carried her off informed her he had orders irom the Spanish Gov-\\nernor to spare no white man, but to bring every negro alive to Augustine, and\\nthai rewards were given to Indians for their prisoners to encourage them to engage\\nin such rapacious and murderous enterprises. Hewifs South Carolina.\\nDuring the siege by Oglethorpe, in a night attack by the Spaniards on Fort\\nMoosa, twenty Highlanders were taken and brought into the fort, where they were\\nkept in close confinement three months.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Fort Marion. 129\\nIn Revolutionary times the fort was used for the impris-\\nonment of Patriots from Charleston,* of crews of ships\\ntaken by privateers from St. Augustine, and of Georgians\\nwho had fallen into the hands of McGirth s men. In\\nsubsequent years, when the Spaniards had come again,\\nMcGirth himself heard the clank of the prison bars\\nbehind him, and through five slow years of darkness\\nlingered in the cell known long afterward as McGirth s\\ndungeon. f Then came, victim of Spanish rancor, Gen-\\neral Mcintosh, for whose release a sightless wife made\\nunavailing plea, in letters of such pathetic eloquence that,\\nthough they did not melt the obdurate heart of the Span-\\nAt one of the Sabbath services held by the paroled Patriots in St. Augustine,\\nthe minister, Rev. John Lewis, preached a discourse which so enraged Governor\\nTonyn that he shut up the Charleston clergyman in the fort. After that, if the\\nPatriots wished to attend service, they were compelled to go to the Parish Church\\nand hear prayers offered for George the Fourth. {Garden s A necdotes of A nterican\\nRevolution). They were permitted to write home, upon condition that they\\nshould communicate nothing about the state of affairs in St. Augustine. One of\\nthem, detected in a violation of this rule, was arrested and confined in the fort.\\nIn one of the long, dreary hours of solitary confinement, he wrote on his prison\\nwalls the following reflection on the vain glories of the world\\nLife is a vapour, man needs repose.\\nHe glories but a moment, down he goes.\\nA British officer, to show his wit, wrote under it\\nis a bubble, as his scribbling shows,\\nHe cuts a caper, and then up he goes\\nwith a finger pointing at a man suspended on a gallows. {Johnson s Reminiscences\\noy the American Revolution.) General Christopher Gadhden was confined in a.\\ndark dungeon, and for a long time was denied a light, t inally he was permitted to\\nhave a candle and then, to while away the time, engaged in the study of\\nHebrew. How he was threatened with death has been told in a previous chapter.\\nt When Florida was reconveyed to the Spaniards by the treaty of peace, he\\n[McGirth] became subject to their laws, and on account of suspicious conduct was\\narrested and confined by them five years in one of their damp dungeons in\\nthe Castle of St. Augustine, where his health was totally destroyed. When dis-\\ncharged from St. Augustine, he, with much difficulty, returned to his wife ia\\nSumter District, S. C., where he ended his life. Johnson s Reminiscences o/tht\\nAmerican Revolution.\\n9", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "130 Old St. Augustine.\\nish Governor, one may not to-day read them unmoved.*\\nFinally, the fort, which in its first rude form had barely\\nsufficed for a defense against the Indian, and v;hich in\\nits prime had served for the incarceration of the refrac-\\ntory savage leaders, became in its decay a prison-house\\nfor the betrayed chiefs of that waning race. To-day,\\nthey show you the casemate called Coacoochee s cell,\\nand point to the narrow embrasure high in the wall\\nthrough which the Seminole made his way to liberty. f\\nThen, to the tale of the Indian warrior s captivity and\\nescape, will be added the story how, forty years after-\\nwards, the court and casemates and ramparts of the fort\\nTen years after the close of the Revolution General John Mcintosh settled on\\nthe St. John s, and was making improvements on the south bank of that beautiful\\nriver, when, on going to St. Augustine, as usual, he was roused from his bed, at\\nmidnight, by a band of Spanish troops, accompanied by the Governor in disguise,\\nJuan Nepomuceno de Quesada, with whom he had been on friendly terms, and by\\nhim was imprisoned in the fortress of St. Augustine. While he remained\\nin prison all intercourse with his distressed family and friends was interdicted, and\\nby the first opportunity he was shipped under a strong guard, as a prisoner of\\nState, to the Captain-General of Cuba, and by him incarcerated in the Moro\\nCastle of Havana. After nearly a year s imprisonment he was released, no\\ncharge having been presented against him. White s Historical Collections.\\nFollowing is Coacoochee s account of his escape with his companion, Talmus\\nHadjo We had been growing sickly from day to day, and so resolved to make\\nour escape, or die in the attempt. We were in a room, eighteen or twenty feet\\n.square. All the light admitted was through a hole [embrasure], about eighteen\\nfeet from the floor. Through this we must effect our escape, or remain and die\\nwith sickness. A sentinel was constantly posted at the door. As we looked at it\\nfrom our beds, we thought it small, but believed that, could we get our heads\\nthrough, we should have no further nor serious difficulty. To reach the hole was\\nthe first object. In order to effect this, we from time to time cut up the forage-\\nbags allowed us to sleep on, and made them into ropes. The hole I could not\\nreach when upon the shoulder of my companion; but while standing upon his\\nshoulder, I wor ^ed a knife into a crevice of the stone work, as far up as I could\\nreach, and upon this I raised myself to the aperture, when I found that, with some\\nreduction of person, I could get through. In order to reduce ourselves as much\\n-as possible, we took medicine five days. Under the pretext of being very sick, we\\n.were permitted to obtain the roots we required. For some weeks we watched the", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "Fort Marion. 131\\nbustled with the throngs of the Comanches, Kiowas and\\nCheyennes, gathered here from the West to learn in St.\\nAugustine the arts of civilization and the ways of peace.\\nmoon, in order that the night of our attempt it should be as dark as possible. At\\nthe proper time we commenced the medicine, calculatii.g upon the entire disap-\\npearance of the moon. The keeper of this prison, on the night determined upon\\nto make the effort, annoyed us by frequently coming into the room, and talking\\nand singing. At first we thought of tying him and putting his head in a bag so\\nthat, should he call for assistance, he could not be heard. We first, however, tried\\nthe experiment of pretending to be asleep, and when he returned to pay no regard\\nto him. This accomplished our object. He came in, and went immediately out;\\nand we could hear him snore in the immediate vicinity of the door. I then took\\nthe rope, which we had secreted under our bed, and mounting upon the shoulder\\nof my comrade, raised myself upon the knife worked into the crevices of the\\nstone, and succeeded in reaching the embrasure. Here I made fast the rope, that\\nmy friend might follow me. I then passed through the hole a sufficient length of\\nit to reach the ground upon the outside (about 25 feet) in the ditch. I had cal-\\nculated the distance when going for roots. With much difficulty I succeeded in\\ngetting my head through; for the sharp stones took the skin off my breast and\\nback. Putting my head through first, I was obliged to go down head-foremost,\\nuntil my feet were through, fearing every moment the rope would break. At last,\\nsafely on the ground, I awaited with anxiety the arrival of my comrade. I had\\npassed another rope through the hole, which, in the event of discovery, Talmus\\nHadjo was to pull, as a signal to me upon the outside, that he was discovered, and\\ncould not come. As soon as I struck the ground I took hold of the signal, for intell-\\nigence from my friend. The night was very dark. Two men passed near me,\\ntalking earnestly, and I could see them distinctly. Soon I heard the struggle of\\nmy companion far above me. He had succeeded in getting his head through, but\\nhis body would come no farther. In the lowest tone of voice, I urged him to\\nthrow out his breath, and then try soon after, he came tumbling down the whole\\ndistance. For a few moments I thought him dead. I dragged him to some water\\nclose by, which restored him but his leg was so lame he was unable to walk. I\\ntook him upon my shoulder to a scrub, near the town. Daylight was just break-\\ning it was evident we must move rapidly. I caught a mule in the adjoining\\nfield, and making a bridle out of my sash, mounted my companion, and started for\\nthe St. John s River. The mule we used one day, but fearing the whites would\\ntrack us, we felt more secure on foot in the hammock, thoufih moving very slow.\\nThus we continued our journey five days, subsisting upon roots and berries, when\\nI joinej my band, then assembled on the headwaters of the Tomoka River, near\\nthe Atlantic coast. I gave my warriors the history of my capture and escape,\\nand assured them that they should be satisfied that my capture was no trick of my\\nown, and that I would not deceive them. When I came in to St. Augustine, to\\nsee my father, I took the word of friends they said I should return, but they\\ncheated me. When I was taken prisoner, my band was inclined to leave the\\ncountry, but upon my return they said, let us all die in Y\\\\ox\\\\d,2,. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Coacoochet t\\nNarration^ in Sprague s Florida War.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "132 Old St. Augustine.\\nThe fort, called by the Spaniards San Juan de Pinos,\\nSan Augustin, and San Marco, and by the English St.\\nMark s, having come into the possession of the United\\nStates, was named (in 1825) Fort Marion, after General\\nFrancis Marion, of Revolutionary fame. Writing from\\nSt. Augustine, in 1842, William Cullen Bryant criticised\\nthis as a foolish change of name. But why foolish\\nIf Moultrie is thus honored, and Sumter the Game\\nCock, why not Marion the Swamp Fox Is it not\\nthe veriest romance of history that the Spanish fortress\\nplanted here by Menendez^ the hunter of French Hugue-\\nnots, should at last yield up its saintly name, for that of\\na hero in whose veins flowed the blood of other Huguenot\\nexiles? And is it not the final justice of time that the\\nBritish stronghold, within whose dungeons rebellious\\nPatriots were immured, should receive, from the nation\\nwhich those prisoners helped to establish, the honored\\nname of one, who endured with them the perils and\\nprivations of its cause, and won with them the final\\nglorious triumph\\nSome years after the fort came into the possession of\\nthe United States, a portion of the northeast terreplein\\nfell in, and disclosed a series of walled up chambers.\\nTradition has it that in these chambers certain remains\\nwere found, which were supposed, by the more imagina-\\ntive, to be relics of cruel imprisonment and of the reign\\nof the Spanish Inquisition. This tale of the bones in the\\ndungeon was formerly received with the eager credence\\nthat the early explorers gave to the rumors of gold mines\\nin Florida; but in later years, although the makers of\\nsensational guide books cling tenaciously to the dungeon", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Fort Marion. 133\\nrelics, skeptics have arisen, who deny the truth of the\\nstory. They probably are right. It is of no moment.\\nThe fault lies net in the story of St. Augustine s three\\ncenturies, but in its telling, if the chapters of this\\nbook have not shown that the romance investing Fort\\nMarion does not center about the alleged discovery of\\nhuman bones in its walled-up chambers, and needs not\\nto be groped for with a torch in subterranean passages.\\nThe incident even if true might well be spared. Who\\nthinks otherwise, has strangely misread the history of\\nthe changing fortunes which transformed the Indian\\ncouncil house into the fort of logs, and have converted\\nSpain s proudly equipped fortress into this massive pile\\nof crumbling masonry.\\nRecall the days when San Juan de Pinos was the de-\\nfense of the half-starved Spanish garrison; and when of\\nthose huddled within its stockades, one and other braver\\nthan the rest, ventured out beyond the lines for fish or\\ngame, and falling before the blow of the lurking savage,\\ncame never again. Remember those long years of misery,\\nwhen Indian slave, English prisoner and Spanish convict\\nlabored beneath the lash of the driver, and with burden-\\nsome toil and suffering unspeakable builded their very\\nlives into these coquina bastions. Replace the heavy iron\\ngratings of casemate and cell; send home the clanging\\nbolt and bar; listen to the piteous pleading of husband\\nfor imprisoned wife and of wife for imprisoned husband,\\nand hear the shutting to of doors upon manacled wretches,\\nwho from the gloom of that inner darkness shall never\\nemerge to look upon the sun. Light again in the dim\\nchapel the ever-burning lamp before the tabernacle; restore", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "134 0^ i ^i Augustine.\\nto the niches their images, its cloth to the altar, the water\\nto the font; and bring back the pageantry of cere-\\nmonial rites, chant of mass and murmur of confessional.\\nRemember those momentous days, when Castle San\\nMarco standing here for the very maintenance of Spain\\nin North America bore the brunt of well concerted\\nassault. Build anew the shattered defenses; flood the\\nmoat; raise the draw-bridge let fall the portcullis; mount\\nthe guard; fling bravely out from the rampart the banner\\nof Castile; and let the artillery belch angry defiance\\nof the hosts under the Red Cross. Hear the sharp word\\nof command, the tread of battalions, the rattle of volley\\nand the screech of cannon ball. Look out, with the\\nfamishing women and children, over the bay and beyond\\nthe camps of the besiegers en Anastatia, and scan the\\nsea in vain for the coming of a friendly fleet; after the\\nweeks of famine, hear at last, in the night, the shouts of\\nrescuers, and then, the lessening drum beat of the de-\\nparting British. Or, since you are an American, recall\\nagain those later years, when the soldiers of George the\\nFourth guarded Fort St. Marks and imprisoned Patriots\\nlanguished in its cells; and keeping weary vigil with\\nthe white-haired Gadsden, let your patriotism kindle and\\nin the damp-walled dungeon take on a brighter glow.\\nSo review all the stirring chronicle\\nOf sallies and retires, of trendies, tents,\\nOf palisadoes, frontiers, parapets;\\nOf basilisks, of cannon, culverin.\\nOf prisoners ransom d, and of soldiers slain,\\nAnd all the currents of a lieady fight\\nand then may be known something of that story which", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Fort Marion, 135\\nin truth is worthy to be known of Fort Marion in St.\\nAugustine.\\nA record more eloquent still have these gray walls for\\nhim who will listen to the telling the wonderful story of\\nthe changes that have taken place since the fort was\\nestablished here on the coast of North America, for\\nSpain s menace to the world. Its age must be reckoned\\nnot by decades but by revolutions; not by centuries but\\nby changes on the map of the world, the going out of\\nancient empires, and the blazing forth of new. It is a long\\nspan from 1565 to 1885, but a longer one still from the\\nSixteenth century to the Nineteenth from the Massacre\\nof Jean Ribault to the tercentenary of Martin Luther\\nfrom Spain, whose knights led the way in the con-\\nquest of a world, to Spain fallen behind in the onward\\nmarch of the nations from the wilderness of unexplored\\nTerra Florida to the populous North America of to-day.\\nThe Spanish fortress has seen one band of intruders after\\nanother set foot upon the shores of the continent it was\\nappointed to defend; and powerless to withstand their\\nswelling hosts, it has seen these colonies gather strength,\\nunite for revolution, achieve independence, expand into\\na nation of thirty-eight states, and fifty millions strong\\nstretch out over mountain and prairie, across the conti-\\nnent, to the very shore of the Great Unknown Sea. The\\nband of twenty African slaves brought to Seloy it has\\nseen grow to 4,000,000 of bondsmen; it has seen, for their\\nemancipation, a nation plunged into civil war; and has\\nlooked on as a world looked on to see thatnation from\\nthe strife come forth ag.iin unbroken, with its bands of\\nunion welded in the furnace more firmly together.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "136 Old St. Augustine.\\nAmid its garish surroundings the old fort stands to-day.\\nIts outhnes are softened by the elements; its moat is\\nchoked with the drifting sands; its turrets are crumb-\\nling; its walls seamed with the ravages of decay. The\\nfig tree springs cut from the rents in its curtains; tiny\\nflowers peep up from the rampart; and summer grasses\\nclothe the escarpment with their luxuriant growth Time s\\nbanner of peace on the outer wall. Draw-bridge and\\nportcullis long ago di- appeared from the sally-port; the\\nlegend on the escutcheon we may no longer read; nor\\nascend the inclined plane to the ramparts. Gratings\\nhave given place to window panes; ponderous doors\\nhave been demolished; sunlight has been let into the\\ndungeons. Stalactites depend from the casemate ceilings;\\nparti-colored moss and mould bedeck the damp walls;\\nowls nest in the crannies.\\nCrossing the wooden bridge which spans the moat and\\nstretches over the centuries, you may leave behind the St.\\nAugustine of to-day, and in court, casemate and dungeon,\\nsummon once more the shadowy forms of mailed warrior,\\nmanacled captive and dark-robed priest. As, lost in\\nrevery, you muse on the ramparts, the pleasure fleet\\nvanishes from the bay and a phantom sail looms up in\\nthe offing; and as you look, the strains of the distant\\nband on the plaza die away amid Spanish cries of alarm;\\nand you catch the melody, nov/ faint and indistinct, then\\nshrill and clear, of the Frenchman in his little boat,\\nplaying on his Phyph the tune of the Prince of Orange\\nhis song.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "IN BRIEF.\\n1512. Spanish Expedition, Ponce de Leon.\\n1528. Disastrous Spanish Expedition, Pamphilo de Narvaez.\\n1539. Disastrous Spanish Expedition, Ferdinand de Soto.\\n1562. French Protestants, under Ribault, come to Florida. From\\nRiver of May sail north. Establish Charles-Fort at Port\\nRoyal Inlet.\\n1563. Charles-Fort abandoned.\\n1564. Second company of French Protestants, under Laudonni^re,\\ncome to Seloy. Establish Fort Caroline on the River of May.\\n1565. Ribault arrives with reinforcements for Fort Caroline. Men-\\nendez founds San Augustin. Fort Caroline taken. The\\nshipwrecked Frenchmen massacred.\\n1568. De Gourgues destroys the Spanish forts.\\n1586. Drake sacks San Augustin.\\n1597. Massacre of Franciscans.\\n1665. Davis sacks San Augustin.\\n1702. Siege by Moore, of Carolina.\\n1740. Siege by Oglethorpe, of Georgia.\\n1742. Expedition against Georgia.\\n1763. Florida ceded to Great Britain.\\n1769. Minorcans arrive at New Smyrna.\\n1775. Minorcans come to St. Augustine.\\n1783. Florida retroceded to Spain.\\n1821. Florida ceded to United States.\\n1835. Seminole War begun.\\n1842. Seminole War ended.\\n1845. Florida admitted to the Union.\\nSt. Augustine is the oldest town on the continent, north of Mexico.\\nThe date of its establishment (1363) was 17 years earlier than the\\nSpaniards settled Sania Fe in New ^lexico (15S2), 20 years earlier\\nthan Raleigh s unsuccessful settlement at Roanoke Island (1585), 40\\nyears earlier than the French in Nova Scotia (1605), 42 earlier than\\nthe London Company at Jamestown (1607), 43 years earlier than\\nChamplain at Quebec (1608), 49 years earlier than the Dutch at\\nNew Amsterdam (1614), and 55 years earlier than the Puritans at\\nPlymouth Rock (1620).", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAdams, Samuel, burned in effigy, 91.\\nAmusements in Spanish times, 105.\\nAndre, 96.\\nApalatcy, 22.\\nBalearic Islands, 84.\\nBarracks, iig.\\nBartram, William, 63.\\nBetsey, the brig, 91-92.\\nBlack drink, 16, 44.\\nBoucaniers, 69; the name, 70; attack on San Augustin, 74.\\nBrowne, Colonel Thomas, 89, 92, 94.\\nBunker Hill, powder from St. Augustine used in battle of, 91.\\nBurgoigne, Nicolas, 41, 58.\\nBarrows, Mrs.. 128.\\nCarnival celebration, 105.\\nCarolina settled, 76.\\nCathedral, 120.\\nChain-gangs, 75, 103.\\nChalleux, 31, 32-33.\\nCharivari, 105.\\nCherokees enlist against the British, 78; against the Colonies, 91.\\nChigoula, 22.\\nCity-gate, 103, iig, 122.\\nCivil war, 118.\\nCoacoochee, takes up arms against the whites, no; meaning of\\nname, no; confined in Fort Marion and escapes, 114; talk with\\nGeneral Worth, 115; inipri oned, 116; his tribe to surrender, I16;\\ntransported from Florida, 117; narrative of escape, 130.\\nColonel John T. Sprague, the schooner, 127.\\nConvent lattice gate, 122.\\nCoquina, 126.\\nCortez, 2-?.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "140 Index.\\nCouncil house of Seloy. 16; used by Spaniards for fortification, 25.\\nCreeks enlist against the British, 78; against the Colonies, 9I.\\nCutter, 85-86.\\nCuzco, 22.\\nDade s command massacred, iio-iii.\\nDavis takes Granada, 73; and San Augustin, 74.\\nDeclaration of Independence, gi.\\nDe Gourgues, organizes expedition against the Spaniards in Florida,\\n43; takes the small forts and Fort San Mateo, 45-46; hangs\\nthe Spaniards, 47; returns to France, 48; death, 50.\\nDe Veaux, expedition against Nassau, 97-98.\\nDrake, takes San Domingo and Cartagena, 54; sacks San Augustin,\\n56-60; takes part in fight against Armada, 61.\\nDrumming out, 104.\\nDungeon relics, 127, 132\\nEaster Eve, 106.\\nElizabeth Bonaventura 56, 61,\\nEmathla, captured 114.\\nEnglish colonists, 76-82.\\nEnglish seamen, 51.\\nFarragut, Admiral, 90.\\nFarragul, George, 90.\\nFish, his grove on St Anastatia Island, 90.\\nFletir-de-Lis, 14, 107.\\nFlorida, early Spanish expeditions in, 11; Menendez receives a com-\\nmission to subdue, 12; invaded by heretics, 13; French expedition\\nto, 14; the name embraced all of North America, 21; supposed\\nwealth of, 22; Menendez takes possession of, 26; proves an un-\\nprofitable possession, 49; Franciscans in, 62-68; condition of pro-\\nvince in Eighteenth century, 75; invasions by British, 77, 79;\\nceded to England, 82; remains loyal at outbreak of the Revolu-\\ntion, 91; prosperous condition of at close of Revolutionary war,\\n98-99; retroceded to Spain, 99; invaded by Americans, 106;\\nceded to the United States, 107; Indians removed from, 109-117.\\nFlorida Rangers, 89,94, 95.\\nFort Caroline, building of, 17; name, 18; taken by Menendez, 30-33;\\nname changed, 33; (as San Mateo) taken by De Gourgues, 46.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "Index. 1 4 1\\nFort Marion, 125-136; completed in 1756, 125; plan of, 126; legend\\non escutcheon, 126; prisoners in, 128-129; alleged dungeon relics,\\n133; romance of its history, 133.\\nFort Picolata, 79\\nFort Poppa, 79.\\nFort San Juan de Finos, 6o, 124.\\nFort San Marco, 75, 79-80, 125.\\nFort San Mateo, named, 33; taken by De Gourgues, 46; destroyed,\\n47; (rebuilt and) taken by Oglethorpe, 79,\\nFosse, north of the town, 103.\\nFountain of Youth, 23.\\nFourth of July dinner, 97.\\nFranciscans, missions, 62; massacre, 63-67; abandon Florida, 67.\\nFrench under Laudonni^re arrive at Seloy, 14; establish Fort Caro-\\nline, 17; reinforcements under Ribault, 19; sail under Ribault\\nagainst Spaniards, 29; those in Fort Caroline routed or killed,\\n32; those under Ribault shipwrecked and massacred, 36-41; third\\nexpedition under De Gourgues takes the Spanish forts, 43-48.\\nFrobisher, 53, 61.\\nFunerals, 105.\\nGadsden, Christopher, 96.\\nGeorgia settled, 78; wars with, see Oglethorpe.\\nGibbet, 104.\\nGlacis, 126.\\nGovernor s-house, 120.\\nGovernor, the Spanish, 104.\\nGuard-house, 104.\\nHancock, John, burned in effigy, 91.\\nHawkins, John, relieves the French. 18.\\nHighlanders confined in fort, I23.\\nHispaniola, 69.\\nHuguenot burying-ground, I2D.\\nHuguenots, see French.\\nJunipero, Father, 84.\\nKing s Road, 89, 99.\\nLa Barbarita, 102.\\nLa Matanza, 49.", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "142 Index.\\nLaudonniire, in command of French expedition, 14; left in Fort\\nCaroline, 31; escapes and makes his way to France, 32.\\nLee, General Charles, expedition against St. Augustine, 95.\\nLe Moyne, 17, 31, 32-33-\\nLiberty Boys, 90-100.\\nLight-house, Spanish, 120.\\nLutherans, see French.\\nMcGirth, 92-93, 94.\\nMcintosh, Rory, 94.\\nMcintosh, John, 129.\\nMarket-and-pilot-house, Spanish, 121.\\nMarket, 120.\\nMassacre of Madrid, 105.\\nMatanzas inlet, the name, 49.\\nMenendez, receives his commission, 12; voyage, 20-21; arrives at\\nRiver of May, 23; comes to River of Dolphins, 24; founds\\nSan Auguslin, 25-28; takes Fort Caroline, 30-33; massacres\\nthe shipwrecked French, 34-42; death, 50.\\nMendoza, the chaplain. 20, 21, 26, 29, 30, 33.\\nMinorca, 83-84.\\nMinorcan colony at New Smyrna, 84; attempted flight, 85-86; revolt\\nand removal to St. Augustine, 87-89; enlist with British forces,\\n89; remain after cession of Florida to England, 102; and after\\ncession of Florida to United States, 1 18.\\nMontiano, defends San Marco, 80; expedition against Georgia, 81.\\nMonument, Spanish, 121.\\nMoore, expedition of, 77.\\nMoral, 78,\\nNassau taken, 97-98.\\nNea-Mathla, killed by Osceola, ITO.\\nNegroes, first brought to North America, 21, 25, 26; fugitives from\\nCarolina given liberty at San Augustin, 76; formed into a regi-\\nment, 78; Fort Moosa garrisoned by them, 79; shipload of\\nbrought to St. Augustine, 94; join the expedition against Nassau,\\n98; rules governing in second Spanish supremacy, 104; fugitives\\namong the Seminoles, 109, 113; abolition of slavery, 135.\\nNew Smyrna, 84-90,\\nNuiiez de Balboa, 22.\\nBO\\n15 6", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "Index, 143\\nOglethorpe, expedition of, 79-81; repulses Montiano, 82.\\nOkeechobee, mission bell, 63; Indian retreats, iii.\\nOsceola, his influence, refuses to sign treaty, and takes up arms, no;\\nname, no; confinement in Fort Marion, 114; death, 115\\nPalm Sunday, 106.\\nPatriots in St. Augustine, 95-97.\\nPcllicier, 88.\\nPil ar of stone, 17.\\nPillory, 104.\\nPizarro, 22.\\nPlaza, 102, 120-121.\\nPowder-house, 102, 120.\\nRaleigh s colony in Virginia, 60.\\nRangers, 89, 94, 95.\\nRedoubts, 103.\\nRevolution, the American, gi-gS.\\nRibault, first voyage, 15, 17; arrives at River of May, 18; comes to\\nattack San Augustin, 29; shipwrecked, 36; arrives at inlet, 39;\\nsurrenders, 40; death, 41.\\nRiver of Dolphins, named by Laudonniere, 15; Spaniards come to, 24;\\nname changed to San Augustin, 34.\\nRiver of May, named, 16; name changed to San Mateo, 33.\\nRomans, Bernard, 86.\\nSaint Anastatia Island (alluded to not by name, 34, 49, 56, 74),\\n75, 80, 96, 98, loi, 119, 120, 127.\\nSaint Augustine. San Augustin founded by Menendez on site of\\nSeloy, 25-28; the name, 27; a military post, 49; sacked by Drake,\\n56-60; taken by the Boucaniers, 74; refuge for runaways from\\nCarolina, 76; besieged by Moore, 77; besieged by Oglethorpe,\\n7g-8i; passes into possession of England, and name changed to\\nSaint Augustine, 82;. Minorcans come to, 89; refuge for Tories,\\n91; center of military operations against Colonies, 95; threatened\\nby Colonial troops, 95; Patriots in, 95-97; sends expedition\\nagainst Nassau, 97; evacuated by the British, 99-100; condition\\nunder second Spanish rule, 102-106; threatened by American\\ninvaders, ro6; comes into possession of the United States, 107;\\nalarm of citizens at outbreak of Seminole war, 108; change since\\nthe civil war, iig-iax", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "1 44 Index.\\nSt. Bartholomew s Day, 87.\\nSt. Simon s Island, 81.\\nSan Diego, 79.\\nSan Palayo, 21, 23-24, 27; sails for Spain, 29,\\nSatourioua, 16, 17. 44-46, 50.\\nScopholites, 94.\\nSea-Kings, hatred of Spaniards, 51-52; attack on San Augustin, 56.\\nSea-wall, 119, 120.\\nSeloy, 14; description of, 16; site of San Augustin, 25.\\nSeminoles, Spanish treatment of, 102, 109; conflicts with American\\nsettlers, 109; beginning of the war with, 109; meaning of name,\\nno; methods of warfare, in; their hopeless struggle, 113; sur-\\nrender and removal, 116-117.\\nSlave-pen, the so-called, 120.\\nSlavery introduced into North America, 25.\\nSolis, his account of Ribault s death, 41.\\nSpain, lays claim to North America, li; fails to conquer Florida, li-\\n12; power of in Sixteenth century, 26, 52; jealousy of other\\nnations, 49; treatment of intruders, 51; strengthens the fortifica-\\ntions in Florida, 76; cedes Florida to England, 82; acquires pos-\\nsession again, 102; cedes Florida to the United States, 107.\\nSpanish Armada, 52, 61.\\nStag of Seloy, 16, 25, 26.\\nStocks, 104.\\nSullivan s Island, the name, 76.\\nSun-dial, 102.\\nTar and feathers, 92.\\nTerra Florida, see Florida.\\nTolomato, massacre of Franciscans at, 63.\\nTories, fly to St. Augustine, 92.\\nTonyn, Governor, 94.\\nToreyn, 94.\\nTreasure chest in the fort, 1 02.\\nTreasurer s house, Spanish, 122.\\nTreasury street, the name, 122.\\nTrinity 23-24; appears off San Augustin, 29,\\nTurnbull, 84, 87, 96.\\n\\\\J", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "^*M\\nS^", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "i\\ni\\nA-\\nw", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "-V\\n*^^i^\\n^v^o^\\n^o^\\nff\\nk^ A^\\n1^ r^\\nJ^\\nA\\nJ s V Deacidifled using the Bookkeeper process.\\nA V Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide\\nAT \u00c2\u00b0J^ .0 Treatment Date:\\n^^-V^.\\n,40,\\nPRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. L.P.\\nThomson Patk Drive\\nCranberry Township, PA 16066\\n(724)779-2111", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": ".5^r\\n^4^ -yiw\\no\\n-^o^\\n^oV\\nV-o^\\nbV\\n0^\\nr^o^\\nc V\\nDOBBSBROS. -^C A^\\nLIBRARY BINDING V iV O S", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2720", "width": "1668", "jp2-path": "oldstaugustinest00reyn_0192.jp2"}}